¦YAILE-'VMWIEiaSinnr-

Gift of
Mr. Fred. S. DicksQii •

G U.I D E

TO THE

SALISBURY

WITH A PARTICULAR
ACCOUNT \
OF THE LATE
GREAT IMPROVEMENTS MADE THEREIN,
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
3[amesi afttpatt, «ECi»

"THE SECOND EDITION.

By WILLIAM DODSWORTH,
irERGSR OF THE CATHEDRAL.

SALISBURY!
PRINTED BY B. C. COLLINS.
M.DCC.XCU.

ADVERTISEMENT.

J? ROM the late great Improvements made in Salisbury
Cathedral (under the direction of the Honourable and
Right Reverend Shute Barringtqn, late Lord Bifhpp
of Sarum, and the Reverend the Dean and Chapter,
aided by the voluntary Contributions of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy of the Diocefe ; and executed by that celebrated
Architecl Mr. WyattJ // is humbly prefumed that the
following Guide to the fdme will not be deemed unnecef-
fary. The Compiler has given an Hijlory and Defcription
of this ancient Strutlure, with an Account of its Monu
ments, which he has felecled from the beft Accounts pub-
lifhed. The late Improvements he has progrejjively at-
• tended to, which he has endeavoured to defcribe. To which
is added, an Abridgement of the Lives of the Bijhops of
Sarum, &c.

CONTENTS.

PART I.
An Itifioty of Salisbury Cathedral ; with an Account of
its Tr (inflation from Old Sarum*
PART II.
An Account of the Architecture ^Salisbury Cathe
dral, felecled from the Obfervations of Sir Christopher
Wren, and Mr. Price. PART III.
Some Conjectures on the jEra when the Tower and Spire
were added to the Cathedral ; to which are added, Obfervations
en ^Declination of the fame ; from Mr. Wyatt's Sur
vey, taken in 1787.
PART IV.
An Account of the late Improvements made in Salisbury
Cathedral. PART V.
An Account of the Monuments and Antiquities ^Salis
bury* Cathedral. PART VI.
An Abridgement of the Lives of the Bishops of Sarum.
PART VII.
A List of the Dignities and Prebends of the Cathe
dral Church of SaruM. With the Order for the Days
gf Preaching.

A
GUIDE

O F
SALISBURY

PART I.
An Hiflory of Salisbury Cathedral ; with an Account
of its Translation from Old SaRum.
AN giving an account of this Cathedral, it will beiie-
ceflary to go back to one of earlier date, upon the ruins
of which this was founded. The firft was built at Old
Sarum, about a mile north of the prefent city, by
Bifhop Herfnon, who lived in the time of the Con*
queror. In 1075 a fynoc* was **eld at London, by
Larifranc, Archbifhop of Canterbury, in which it was
ordered, that Bifhops Sees fhould be removed from
villages and obfcure places, to cities and towns of notei
This occafioried many removes ; and particularly Her-
rnon, Bifhop of Sherborne, tranflated the epifcopal
feat from thgnce 10 Sarum. When he had fixed his
B reiidence

A guide to

/evidence there, he began a new Cathedral, which he
did not live to finifh. Ofmund, his fuccefibr, was
Lord of Say, , in Normandy, and made, by King Wil
liam, Earl of Dorfet, and High Chancellor: — He was
a man of unblemifhed life and great wifdom ; and, as
fuch, was of the Conqueror's privy council : — He per
fected the Church, and procured, at great prices, the
beft fingers, and moft learned clergy :— He himferf did
not think it beneath the epifcopal dignity to tranfcribe,
bind, and illuminate books ; promoting letters, as he
did virtue, by his example. His charter to the Church
of Sarum bears date the 5th of April, 1091, at Has
tings, where William Rufus, in the 4th of his reign,
confirmed it.
On the 5 th of April, in the next year, 1092, Of
mund, affifled by Walkfline, Bifhop of Winchefter,
and John of' Bath, folemnly dedicated the Church ;
but the Belfry was burnt down by lightning, which
was efteemed an omen of the fhprt duration of the
Church itfelf. On account of its ill fituation, and the
incivilities of the foldiery, Bifhop Poore began to
think of a removal : the clergy could not make their
proceffions without infults from the garrifbn ; nor could
the pious frequent the Church fo often, and in fuch
numbers, as the Monks wifhed, therefore they were
the firft to confult about a removal, which in the end
they accomplifhed.
We are the better able to be accurate as to this tranf-
aftion, by having an account of it drawn up by William
<je Wanda, Precentor of the Church of Sarum at the
very

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 3
very time, and who was alfo an actor in the affair. —
Mr. Price publifhed the manufcript a few years ago.
Bifhop Herbert, in the reign of Richard-I. held fre
quent confultations with his clergy on the fubjedl of a
removal ; and the affair was fo far advanced by his
diligence, that a plot of ground was pitched upon very
convenient for the purpofe. The King gave his con-
fent.— The prelate had large temporal poffeffions, and
yet the undertaking appeared fo great and expenfive,
that it was deferred for the prefent. Afterwards this
"Bifhop was ftript of his eftates, when King John, to
revenge himfelf for the Pope's interdict, confifcated
the revenues of the clergy.
In 1 21 7, the King and Herbert being dead, and
Cardinal Gualo being Legate, Richard Poore was, by
the Pope's authority, tranflated from Chichefter to
Sarum. This Bifhop had evinced his loyalty to
Henry III. when Lewis, the French King's fon, at
tempted to fettle himfelf on the Englifh throne ; he was
particularly pleafing to the Legate, whom he much af
filed in adminiftering ecclefiaftical affairs, fo that his
intereft was fufficient to obtain the King's and Legate's
confent for a removal. Accordingly, in 121 8, a fpe-
cial meffenger was difpatehed from the Dean and Chap-
terto Rome, who, befides carrying letters from Guaifr,
framed upon an inquifitibn taken by him concerning
the -matter, -was to lay open the neceffities of the churchj
the diftreffes of the clergy, and the inconvenience of
their fituation. He fucceeded'fo well that he returned
in a-fiiort time with' the following Bull : . •
B 2 The

4 aguideto
The Pope'j Bull of Translation.
Honorius, Bifhop, fervant of fervants of God ; To
our Reverend Brother Richard, Bifhop, and to qur be
loved fons the Dean and Chapter of Sarum, health
and apoftolical benediction: —
My fons, the Dean and Chapter, it having been here
tofore alledged before us on your behalf, that forafrnuch
as your Church is built within the compafs of the forti
fication of- Sarum, it is fubject to fo many inconve
niences and oppreffions, that you cannot refide in the
fame without great corporal peril ; for being fituated on
a lofty place, it is as it were continually fhaken by the
coUifion of the winds, fo that whilft you are celebrating
the divine offices, you cannot hear one another, the
place is fb noify : %nd befides, the perfons refidem there,
fuffer fuch perpetual oppreffions, that they are hardly
able to keep in repair the roof of the Church, which
is conftantly torn by teinpeftuous winds ; they are alfo
forced to buy water at as great a price, as would be fuf-
ficient to purchafe the common drink of that country,
nor is there any accefs open to the fame without
the licence of the Caftellan ; fp that it happens
that pn Afh-Wednefday, when the Lord's Supper is
adminiftered, at the time of fynods, and celebration
of orders, and on other folemn days, the faithful being
¦willing to vifitthefaid Church, entrance is denied thera
by the keepers of the caftle, alleging that thereby the
fortrefs is in danger : Befides, you have not there houfes
fufficient for you, wherefore you are forced tQ rent fer
veral

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. $
vera] houies of the laity; and that, on account of thefe
and other inconveniences, many abfent themfelves from
the fervicc of the faid Church. We therefore, willing
to provide for the exigency, did give our mandate to
our beloved fon Gualo, Prieft, Cardinal of St. Martin,
Legate of the Apoflolical See, by our letters, diligently
and carefully to enquire into the truth of, and con
cerning the premifes, and other matters relating thereto,
by himfelf or others, as he fhould fee expedient, and
faithfully to intimate unto us what he fhould find.
And whereas he hath tranfmitted unto us, clofely
fealed up under his feal, depofitions of the witnefles
hereupon admitted, we have caufed the fame to be di
ligently infpected by our chaplain, who hath found the
matters that were laid before us, concerning the incon
veniences before^mentionedj to be fufficiently proved ;
therefore the truth by his faithful report being more
evident, we do, by the authority of thefe prefents,
grant unto you free power to tranflate the faid Church
to another more convenient place; but faving to every
perfon, as weM fecular as ecclefiaftical, bis right, and
the privileges, dignities, and all the liberties pf thf faid
Church, and to remain in their flate and force. And
it fhall not be, lawful for any one, in any fort, to in
fringe the tenor of this our grant, or to prefume rafhiy
to oppofe the fame; and if any one (hail prefume to
attempt it, be it known to him, that he will incur the
indignation of the' Almighty God, and of the Blefied
Saints, Peter and Paul his Apoftles.— -^-Dated at the
Lateran,

6 A GUIDE to
Lateran, the fourth of the Calends of April, in the
fecond year of our Pontificate.
Having thus obtained liberty to remove, the next
thing to be deliberated on, was how to raife a fum ade
quate to the probable expence ; But this was fettled by
the following - 1
DECREE.
To all children of our holy mother church, as well
prefent as future, to whom this prefent writing fhall
come, Richard, by divine permiffion, the humble fer-
vant of the Church of Sarum, and Adam de Ivelceftre,
the Dean of the fame place, and the Chapter of Sa
rum, health in the Lord.
Free power beinggranted us by our moft holy father
Pope Honorius, to tranflate the Church of Sarum to a
more commodious place, becaufe of the many incon
veniences and oppreffions to which it is fubject, and of
which fufficient proof hath been made before him, as
in the foregoing writing more fully is contained, we
have caufe,d a general convocation of the Canons of
Sarum, and all by themfelves, (for the major part) or
Proctors, being refident in the Chapter, and the votes
and the inclinations of every one being diligently ex
amined, it was unanimoufly anfwered by all and every
one, that it was above all things ufeful and expedient
that the Church fhould be tranflated to a more com
modious place, and thereto they all unanimoufly con-
fented ; and when the cofts and charges which the tranf- lation.

SALISBURY CATHEDRA L. f
latton and the conftruction of the new fabric required;
were there and by them treated of, (fince a community
can accompHfii that thing more effectually and fpeedily,
which, a fingle perfon fometimes attempts without
effect) they all and every one promifed freely and with
a willing. mind to affift in the building the new fabric,
according to their prebendal eftates, continually for
feven years, in the terms following: —
" We do all and lingular voluntarily oblige ourfelves
by this our prefent writing, both ftrengthened by the'
feal of the Chapter, and corroborated alfo by the Cub-'
fcription of each andv every one of us, appointing" by'
our common provifion four terms, in which, every
year to the feventh, we' will pay, without contradiction-
and without fraud, the fourth part of the money an
nually promifed to be applied towards the building,
and (by the grace of God) the finifhingof our fabric ;
and thefe are the terms, the firft on the Feaft of All
Saints, the fecpnd on the Purification of the blefled
Virgin Mary, the third on the Afcenfion of our Lord,
and the fourth on Lammas-^foy : And the payment of
the faid promifed money is to be made in the Chapter
of Sarum, at the aforefaid terms, to them, who on the
part of the Bifhop and Chapter, fhaM be deputed for
this purpofe.— Done in the year of the Incarnation.
of the Word, 121 8, in the fecond year of our Ponti
ficate, in the Chapter of Sarum, on the day of the
Saint Proceffus and Martinianus."
The next year a wooden chapel was begun at New
Sarum in honour of the Virgin Mary, at the. clofe of
Eafter,

8 A Cl/Ifif TO
Eafter, and on the feaft of Trinity the Bifhop ctle-
brated divine fervice in it, and eonfecrated a eemetry.
On the 1 2th of Auguft, 1 2 1 9, it was decreed, that
the tranflation fhould be made on the feaft of All-
Souls next following by thefn Who were willing and
able; others taking care of the building: and they
further decreed, that the heirs of the firft builders
only, as well Canons as Vicars, fhould receive two parts
of the value of what fhould be built, the third part
being yielded for the lands, the collatipn and appoint
ment of the houfes after the firft fale of the vacant
houfes to be left tP the Bifhop ; but the family of the
deceafed perfon who firft built, or the perfons to whom
the faid two parts were afligned by the deceafed, were
to remain in poffefnoii of the houfes till fatisfaclion
was made of the aforefaid price.
Preachers were appointed, who were to difperfe
themfelves into different parts to collect the contribu
tions of the pious towards the work.
In 1220, on the 28th of April, the foundation of
the new Church was laid : the Bifhop expected the
King, Legate, and Archbifhop of Canterbury, and
made a grand entertainment and preparations for their
reception: but the King was then at Shrewfbury,
making a treaty with the Welchmen : however, many
Lords, and great multitudes of common people at
tended, when the Bifhop, after fervice was ended, laid
the firft ftone for Pope Honorius ; the fecorid for the
Archbifhop of Canterbury; and the third for himfelf :
then William Lpngefpee, Earl of Sarum, who was
prefent,

SALISBURY CATHKbRAL. «|
prefent, Iaiid the fourth ftorte ; and his Countefs, T$\wM
Vitri, the fifth ; and after thefe the Dean and Chapter,
and many others.
The Nobility foon returning from Wales,- came to
Sarum and laid thanes, binding themfdves to a catotui-*
button for feven years.
Bifhop Poore, finding the fabric, in 12.25, fo farad-.
vaneed that divine fervice might conveniently be per
formed in it, commanded the Dean to fummon all the
Canons to be prefent at the firft celebration of fersrico
therein : the Bifhop in eoufequenee came on the vigil
of St. Michael, which happened fo be on a Sunday,
and in the morning eonfecrated three altars : the firffc
in theeaft part, in honour of the Trinity and All-
Saints ; on which, from henceforward, the mafs of ths
Virgin was to be fung every day.
The: Biffoop offered for the ufe of that altar three
6lver batons, and two fiiver candle-flicks, which were
bequeathed by Lady Gundira de Warrenna to the
Chuexoh of Sarum. Moreover the Bifhop gave of his
own property to the Clerks who were to fay mais, thirty
Kiarks of filwer-a year, until fo much was fettled
upon them in certain rents-
Then he dedicated another altar in the north part of
tfoe church in honour of St; Peter and the reft of the
Apoftks ; and a third am the fouth part to Stephen ami
the other martyrs.
There were prefent Stephen, Archbifhop of Canter
bury ; Henry, Archbifhop of Dublin; Richard, Bifhof*
of Durham; Joceline, Bifhop of Bath; Ralph de
C -Nevil,

lb A GUIDE TO
N-evil, Bifhop of Chichefter; Benedict, Bifhop of
Rochefter; the Bifhop of Eureux, in Normandy; Rich
ard, Bifhop of Sarum ; and Otto, the Pope's Nuncio. -
On the Thurfday after St. Michael the King came,
and Hubert de Burgh, his Juftice, to the Church, and
heard mafs ; the King offered ten marks of filver, and
one piece of filk, and granted fo Sarum a yearly fair,
to be computed from the Affurnption of the Virgin
to the octaves of the AfTumptioh, including eight days
compleat. : The Juftice, Hubert, prefented a text, or volume of
the Old and New Teftament, adorned .with precious
ftones, and the relicts, of many faints.
The Bifhop obtained that the principal altar fhould
remain with him for feven years, and the oblations to
go for the ufe of the fabric, except the ornaments,
which, were to remain in the Church ; and that after
the expiration of this time the offerings fhould go. to
the common ufe.
. King Henry at this time occafionally refided at
Clarendon, from .whence he and Hubert came at
Chriftmas, on ;the day . of Innocents, and offered a
ring fet with a ruby, one piece of filk, and a gold cup
weighing ten marks. .
i On the feaft of Trinity, in the year 1226, the bodies
of Qfmund, Roger, and Joceline, were removed from
Old and interred in the Cathedral of New Sarum.
r Thefe were the mod memorable tranfactions relative
to the Cathedral, recorded in trie MS. of William de
Wanda. .... ,
The

SALISBURY' CATHEDRAL. $1.
The founder of the Church, Bifhop Poore, was re
moved to the fee of Durham in 1228, and was fuc-
ceeded by Robert Bingham : he applied to the finifhing
¦the Cathedral,-: which Jie could not corppleat, though
he fat near twenty years, leaving his Church burtheried
with a debt of 1 700 marks.
* Bifhop Bingham was fucceeded by William of York*
who was eonfecrated 1247; ne died 1256, and was
fucceeded by Bifhop Bridport, who finifhed the Cathe
dral; it was eonfecrated the 30th of September, 1258,
in the prefence of King Henry III, the Archbifhop of
Canterbury, and a -great number of the nobility and
prelates ; and according to an account then delivered
|o the King, it coft 40,000 marks the building.

>'«!'

Ca PART

•; -M 1'

&$ ' A 6VIOI TO

P A R T II.

'An Mcithiht of tfoe Architecture Of Salisbury Ca
thedral, felekJed froth the ObfervdiiSns bfSit Chris.
topher Wren and Mr. Price.

JL HE whole pile is large and magnificent, atid may
bejuftly accounted one of the beft patterns of archi
tecture in the age wherein it was built. The figure of
it is a crofs, upon the ihterfection of which ftands a
tower and fteeple of flone, as high from the founda
tion as the whole length of the nave, and founded upon
four pillars and arches of the interfection. Between
the fteeple and the eaft end is another crofting of the
nave, which on the Mveft fide only has no aifles ; the
main body is fupported on pillars with aifles annexed,
and buttreffes without the aifles, from whence arife
bows, or flying buttreffes, to the walls of the nave,
which are concealed within, the timber-roof of the
aifles. The roof is almoft as fharp as an equilateral triangle,
made of fmall timber, after the ancient manner, with
out principal rafters. The whole Church is vaulted with

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 13
with chalk between arches and crofs-fpringers only,
after the ancient manner, without orbs and tracery,
except under the tower, where the fpringers di
vide, and reprefent a fort of tracery : this appears
to have been a later work and executed by feme
later hand; the judgment of the firft architect is juftly
to be commended for many things beyond whkt we
find in divers gOthic fabrics of later date, which though
more elaborate with nice and fmall works, yet want
the natural beauty that arifes from prpportion of the
firft dimenfions.
In our Cathedral the length, breadth, and height
ef the naves and aifles, and every part of the building,
bear a juft and due proportion to one another ; the
pillars and the fpaces between them are well fuited to
the height of the arches; the mouldings are decently
mixed with large planes, without an affectation of fill
ing every corner with ornaments, which, unlefs admi
rably goodi glut the eye; as in mufic too muchdivifion
cloys the ear.
The windows are not too great, nor yet the light
obftructed with many tnullions and tranfbm's of tracery
work ; which was the bad tafte of the next age : our
artift knew that nothing could add beauty to light; he
trufted in a ftately and rich plainnefs, which the marble
ftiafts * gave to his work; for pillars they cannot be
* I'hefe (hafts, it is fuppbfecl, were fixed in after the work was
raifed, and in a mahne'r fcttle-d, as may be found by obferving, that
the marble bafes and capitals of the pillars have a focket in each for
receiving the fraall (hafts, which are run in with lead, inftead of being
fixed with mortar. called,

14 AGUlDETO
called, becaufe they are fo long and flender, and gene
rally bear nothing, but are added only for ornament to
'• the outfide of the great pillars, and decently fattened
with brafs: thefe pillars appear to be much greater
than they are ; for the fhafts of marble which encom-
pafs them feem to fill out the pillar to a proportions
able bulk,' but indeed bear little or nothing, and fome
of them that are preffed, break and fplit; but this ap
pears no where to fuch a degree as under the fteeple,
which being four hundred feet high, is borne by four
pillars, and therefore, from a fear of overburthening
them, the infide of the tower for forty feet high above
the nave, is made with a flender hollow work of pillars
and arches ; nor has it any buttreffes. The fpire itfelf
is but nine inches thick, though the height be above '
one hundred and fifty feet.
Almoft all the Cathedrals of the Gothic form arc
weak and defective in the poife of the vault of the
aifles ; as for the vaults of the nave, they are on both
fides equally fupported and propped up from fpreading
by the bows, or flying buttreffes, which rife from the
outward walls of the aifles : but for the vaults of the
aifles, they are indeed fupported on the outfide by the
buttreffes, but inwardly have no other ftay than the
pillars themfelves; which, (as they are ufually pro
portioned) if they ftood alone, without the weight
above, could not poffibly refift the fpreading of the
aifles : indeed the great impending load of the walls
and vaulting of the nave, feem as if it would confine
the pillars in their perpendicular ftation, fo as to ren der

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 1 5
der inward butments unneccflary ; but experience hath
fhewn the contrary, and there is fcarce any Gothic ca
thedral that I have feen, wherein I have not obferved
the pillars to yield and bend inwards from the weight
of the vault of the aifles.
Sir Chriftopher then proceeds to point out the de
fects in the tower and fpire, and minutely defcribes the
method he took in plumbing them. The declination
he fuppofes to be twenty-feven inches one, half to the
fouth,' and feventeen inches one half to the weft, and
concludes, " I cannot fay that this trial will conclude
to an inch, but it is iufficient to fhew that it declines
considerably to the fouth-weft, from the great fettle^
ment of that pillar. I could wifh that an exact trial
were made, (by moving away fome timber within,} of
plumbing it. from the top to the floor of the Church,
and that this trial was often repeated, at fome diftance
of time, to fee if it continued to decline ; for if it ftand
at a flay, there is yet no great fear of danger, in my
opinion : But if it proceed in its motion confiderably,
it will be then high time to feek for a remedy ; for by
reafon of the thinnefs of the fpire, in proportion to its
height, I dare not be allured it will ftand fo long as to
decline fo much, more as it hath gone already ; there
fore, for fome years, it fhould be plumbed, and a re-
gifter kept. If the foundation fettle no farther, (as
poffibly it will not,) it is undoubtedly feciire enough.- —
The foundation is, by the care of the artift in its mix
ture of com pofitipn, and by time; fp coiifohdated, that
it defer ves great commendation; nor is it probable that
.. v it

it is injured by water, iwwth&aadjng hi fow fituatipn,
becaufe it is mpft lively to have been built upon the
fprings." The walls and buttreffes arc eempofed of Chilmark
flone, (little inferior, to Portland,) brought from a
village of that name at twelwe miles diftance. The
pillars and iha&s, both for ufo and ornament, are of
Purbeck marble ; \m with this difference, the pillars
which bear the weight lie in their natural form, as
found in the quarry; the foafts for ornament have their
form inverted, which makes them fubject tp fplit, or
cleave a/under, where they fupport any weight at all.
The pufh and fuppprtpf the vattkings anfwer nearly to
an equilateral triangle. The; groins and principal
ribs are of Chilmark. flone, buf, the fhell, or vaubiog
between them, is of hewn ftone and chalk mixed,, on
the top pf which is laid a coat o£ mortar and rubble,
a cpnfiftence which was probably ground together and
poured on hot; by this the whole js fo cemented to
gether, as to become all of one entire fubftaace. This
cornipofitipn is very remarkable, fomewhsis jcefembling
$c pumice ftpne, being porous and light, fey which it
contributes prpd,igioufliy tp the ftrength cti the whole,
and at the fame time is the leafi; in- we^ghi: of any con*
trivaiice that perhaps was, ever ufed. pine parapet
walls encompafs the whole fauUdjng; and thg quantity
of timber in the fever-al roofs, atfoarduig to a moderate,
computatfon pf it Uid before the Lords of the Trea*-
fury in the year 1737, amOHOi:s:,tQ 264.1 tons, of oak.

The

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL," fi
The Dimensions of its principal Pa^ts.
1LENGTH3. FEET,
The extreme outfide from Weft to eaft — 4S0
Ditto infide — — — ±r%
From the extreme weft to the center of the tower 235
Ditto infide — — — 217
From the center of the tower to that of the eaft crofs 96
WIDTHS.
Extreme ©utfide of the grand crofsj fouth and riortHk 333-
Ditto infide — — -^ ao-f.
Extreme of the weft front — — — - 1 1 5
Ditto of the body, or three affles  102
Nave between pillar and pillar — — 34!'
Side aifles of ditto -— — > 17 §'
Extreme of the tower •— - . gt
Ditto infide — — ¦— — — — 33.
heights:
¦ From the pavement to the"" extreme top — ' 400
Ditto to the top of the eapftene, or ball — 387"
Ditto-to- the tojvof the para-pet wall of the towetf 207-
Ditto to the extreme top of the weft front — 130-
Ditto to the top of the vaultedeieling, of the nave 84 .
Ditto to the cieling of the aifles — — 38
Mr: Price having given the different dimenfions of
this ftatery" pil'e, proceeds to defcribe the defects that
might have been occafioned on account; of its low fitu-
ation ; and concludes thus" ; " Notwithstanding the
Church has received' various injuries, yet no very con-
fiderable ones" can be proved to have been occafioned".
by water; neither are the fractures, which are now to
D be

IS AGUIDETO
be accounted for, owing to that, though it is an in
tolerable inconvenience. There are many caufes con-
fpiring with length of time to produce fuch defects ;
the moft material of which feems to be, that the Church
was at firft compleated without a tower or fpire, and
that both thefe are the work of fome other architect,
to aggrandize the ftately fabric. This fuggeftion was
partly pointed out by Sir Chriftopher Wren : and firft,
by fearches into, and careful inflections upon the
nature of the work, we fhall find that the Cloifter,
Chapter-houfe, and Muniment-houfe contiguous to the
Church, were not begun till it was confiderably ad
vanced, becaufe the ftone-work is not banded together,
as it muft have been had all been carried on at the
fame time. The latter being built up againft the for
mer, makes it probable at leaft that the Church was
begun, and confiderably advanced in height by Bifhop
Poore ; and the additions were made by his fucceflbr,
though manifeftly under the direction of the fame ar
chitect. The firft ftyle or method of building may be
traced to the top of the uppermoft roofing, where a
battlement, or fort of finifh, feems to be made to the
tower, about eight feet above the faid roof. This
finifh is beautified with marble fhafts, with arches on
them, confifting of plain curves, adorned with variety
of fmall mouldings. If this be compared with the two
upper orders of the tower, it will be readily perceived
to Confift of another tafte of architecture ; there being
no more marble pillars or fhafts, no plain curves, or
fcarce a part without carving j which is fufficient tefti-
mony

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 19
mony for conjecturing, that thefe parts were neither
defigned nor carried into execution by the firft archi
tect. To this we may add another circumftance, from
Bifhop Godwin's catalogue of Bifhops, publifhed in
1 61 5, page 278, viz. " The new Church of our Lady,
in New Salifbury, being quite finifhed, he (Bifhop
Brideport) hallowed, or dedicated the fame with great
folemnity, Sept. 30, 1 25 8, in the prefence of the King,
and a great number of Prelates, Nobles, and other
great perfonages, all which he feafted very magnifi
cently." The fame author fays, page 279, " That
upon Michaelmas-day, 1280, the Cathedral Church
was again new hallowed by Boniface, Archbifhop of
Canterbury." There is no account left us why this was done, nor
indeed any mention of a tower or fpire ; but as there
was fuch a diftance of time between the dedications,
there is no improbability in fuppofing the Church was
dedicated and ufed without the tower and fpire, and
that afterwards, upon the completion of fo hazardous
an undertaking, it might again be dedicated ; at leaft
one may imagine thus, by the fpace of time between
the dedications for the performance of fuch a work.
When we examine and maturely confider the whole
ftructure, if we reafon from the principles upon which
every part was to be conducted, we fhall conftantly
come to this conclufion, that our firft architect had no
thought of raifing the tower, or on it to erect a fpire,
becaufe where he intended laying an extraordinary
weight, there he made fufficient provifion to receive
D 2 it,

JO AGUIDETO
it, which we cannot fay was the cafe in the inftance
before us.
It will doubtlefs be allowed by every judicious ob-
ferver, that the body of the Church, without and
within, as high as the general roofing; the choir, em-
clofed by marble pillars, with niches annexed; the
corridore above, and that beautiful parapet wall which
furrounds the whole building, is a piece of architecture
of fuch Angular- and tranfcendant beauty, as not tp be
equalled by any ftructure of its bulk and age. But fo
much cannot be faid, with equal juftice, of the tower
and fpire, (though they contribute to the grandeur and
dignity of the whole,) as there come fome deformities
by means of the application of various braces of ftone,
&c. all which detract much from the delicate ap
pearance of the building, and can never be fuppofed,
by any man of judgment, to have been defigned by the
firft architect.
Mr. Price goes on to confider what condition the
work was in to receive fo yaft a weight, as the tower
and fpire, and obferves, that the architect's greateft
care was to guard the work againft extenfion or fpread
ing, as the moft likely confequence that might attend
laying fo immenfe a weight on the grand arches. Ac
cordingly we find a great number of braces and other
fupports added, which, though artfully contrived, de
tract much from the beauty of die former work ; be
fides, as a ftrengthening of thefe conjectures, we find
the works conducted in a diifforent manner, their con-
ftmctioa and pofition being various; thefe additional fupports

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 21
lupports are minutely defcribed, (their number, within
and without, amounting, in the whole, to an hundred
and twelve; befides the ftreugth refulting horn an
iron bandage of excellent mechanifm, which Sir Chrif-
tppher conjectures to have been original. But witih
all thefe defects to the appearance of the building,
arifing from the many fupports that were obliged to be
added for the erecting the tower and fpire, it muft be
acknowledged they greatly add. to its appearance, and
carry with them, in the whole, a vaft deal of propor
tion and beauty. In each angle of the tower is a ftarr-
cafe leading to the top of the fame, (called the eight
'doors, from having two doors at each fidej which an
gles,- together with the whole of the tower, are elegaradly
fifliflned in that rich ftile of Gothic that began to pre
vail the latter end of the fourteenth century. The
fpire is an octagon, four of which fides ftand upon the
walls of the tower, the other four fides are fupported by
arches which extend from fide to fide of the tower;
thefe arches having no butnaent but what refulted from
the bandages of iron worked into the walls of the
tower, the lively imagination of the architect, and his
extraordinary care to preferve and adorn this part, is
truly worth our notice ; at the angles of the tower,
upon the ftair-cafes, are certain beautiful fpires and de
corations, as likewife upon thefe arches, and upon the
eight doors themfelves. This magnificent manner of
finifhimg the tower was admirably conceived, awd as
well executed. They altogether charm the eye, and
agreeably carry the mind from the fq-uare form of t<hc
tower,

22 A GUIDE TO
tower, to the octagon of the fpire ; and, exclufive of
this beautiful appearance, their weight ferves to confine
the arches which have no butment. The ftones of
which thefe arches are compofed, are cramped together
with iron. The walls of the tower are five feet thick
where the fpire begins, two feet being employed in the
foundation of the fpire, (if it may be fo called,) two
feet for a paffage from the ftair-cafes into the fpire,
and the other foot is taken up by the parapet wajl. —
The walls of the fpire are two feet thick at the bottom,
and diminifh gradually to only nine inches. The ar
chitect has added, by way of ftrength, a timber frame
in the center of the fpire, which ferved as a fcaffold to
the work, but was intended to hang up to the cap-
ftone of the fpire, and by that means prevent its top
from being injured in ftorms, and fo add a mutual
ftrength to the fhell of ftone ; by this frame you afcend
by ladders to the weather door, which is about thirty
feet from the extreme top, from whence you climb up
the remaining part of the fpire on the outfide, by iron
handles, yoted into the wall and covered with lead to
prevent their rufting ; the top of the fpire is fo large,
that there have been known to be eight or ten perfons
at a time on it.
The Chapter Houfe is an octagon ; the roof is fup
ported by one fmall pillar furrounded with flender
fhafts, from whence fpring the groins of the cieling ;
the walls and mullions are decorated with a vaft num
ber of delicate fhafts, under which are niches corres
ponding with the ftalls of the choir; the heads of thefe are

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 2*
are fupported by fmall cluftered columns, whofe capi
tals are highly finifhed ; over which, in ftone, a great
part of the Old Teftament is reprefented in high relief,
beginning with the creation, and ending with the over
throw of the Egyptians ; the pavement is of Roman
tile, faid to have been brought from the Cathedral of
Old Sarum ; its dimenfions are, FEET.
• Out to out of the walls, diameter — 78
Ditto in the clear, within-fide — — 58
Height to fhe vaulted cieling (which is now under
reparation) — — > — — — — 53
The Cloifter is fpacious and greatly admired : it has
been obferved that it is a fpecimen of the tafte of
Gothic architecture when in its moft fimple purity ;. fts
dimenfions are, FEET.
Out to out of the walls — — 195
• Area inclofed — — — — 140
, Clear width to walk in  - — 18

PART

24 A <-r U 1 U Ji 1 U

PART III.
<Sffi>»£ ConjeElures on the /Era when the Tower ##<£
Spire were added to the Cathedral ; to which are
added, Ohfervations on the Declination of the fame j
fmm Mr. Wyatt's. Survey, taken in 1787.

O certain period fus yet been difcovered when this
great addition was made to the Cathedral" of Salifbury,
though many conjectures have been offered on it.
From the two dedications- of the Church, a«d the
diftauce of rime between them (as reported in Bifhop
Godwin's catalogue of Bifhops) the firft by Bifhop
Brideport on the finifhing of it in 1258, and the
fecond by Boniface, Archbifhop of Canterbury, in
1 2 80, Mr. Price conjectures that the tower and fpire
were built immediately previous to the fecond dedica
tion, which he fuppofes to have been folemnized in
confoqueuce of the completion of fo hazardous an un
dertaking. In the life of Bifhop Brideport it is mentioned that
Boniface, Archbifhop of Canterbury, affifted at tho
dedication in 1258; and in Godwin's catalogue of
Bifhops,

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 2£
Bifhops, that he affifted at a fecond dedication in 1280,
which laft.wiil be proved to be a miftake: Boniface
came to the fee of Canterbury in 1244, and was fuc
ceeded by Robert Kilwarby, Cardinal, in 1272 ; there
fore Boniface died eight years before the period alluded
to. From Sir Chriftopher Wren's conjectures on the tower
and fpire, and in that very minute account of it given
by Mr. Price, it is clearly proved to have been an after-
work ; and if it was completed at fo early a period as
twenty-two years after the firft dedication, there could
not have been much time between that and the com
mencement of building it : if, however, we take into
confideration the great preparation necefTary for re
ceiving that vaft weight which the firft architect had
not provided for, it will appear that this aftonifhing
pile muft have been a work of many years. Now,, al
lowing Mr. Price's conjecture be true, a very few years
could have elapfed between the firft finifhing of the
Cathedral and the commencement of this great under
taking, fo that in fact it might have been termed a
continuation of the building; and had this actually
been the cafe, it is not to be fuppofed there would have
been, in fo fmall a fpace of time, that great difference
in the tafte of Gothic architecture as is to be found in
the Church, and in the tower and fpire ; from which
reafons I think we may conclude that this addition
could not have been made fo foon after the Church
was fin i flied. E There

26 A GUIDE TO
There is an account extracted from a patent of the
firft year of King Henry VI. 1423, and inferted in the
Salifbury Guide, which recites, " That the ftone tower
ftanding in the middle of Salifbury Cathedral is become
ruinous, and the Dean and Chapter are thereby em
powered to appropriate £. 50 annually for its repair-;
from which an inference is drawn, that the repair was
made and the tower rebuilt with the addition of a
fpire. There is little doubt' but the fpire was built at the
fame time with the tower, as there is every appearance
of its being a continuation of the fame work. The
four arches for its fupport at each angle of the tower,
and the beautiful decorations of fpires and turrets upon
them are carried on in the fame rich ftile with the
lower orders of the tower, a part of their finifhing
being attached to the fpire.
It being allowed on all hands that fome fpace of
time elapfed between the building of the Church and
the addition of the tower and fpire, I will beg leave to
offer a conjecture upon the period, on which we are left
to doubt. Now it will appear that there can be no
other way of difcovering this period, than by a re
ference to the ftiles of architecture in the different
ages fubfequent to the completion of the Church. —
The Church, which is one of the pureft fpecimens of
ftmple Gothic architecture^ we know to have been the
production of the 13th century: the 14th and 15th
centuries exhibited a richer and more elaborate ftile.— -
Winchefter Cathedral was finifhed about the year
1366-,

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 27
1366, and the nave of that Cathedral, built by William
of Wickham, together with his fhrine, and other mo
numents of nearly the fame period in that Church,
are fpecimens of the tafte that then prevailed. And as
ithe ft-yle of architecture which appears in the tower and
-fpire of our Cathedral is fimilar to. what is to be found
there, k is not improbable. that they were erected at
nearly the fame period; the great, works which were
carrying on at Winchefter ftimulating, perhaps, their
neighbours at Salifbury to make that beautiful addiT
tion : nor does any reafon to the contrary arife, from
the account of money having been appropriated at an
early period for its repairs ; for it is imagined that the
declinations in the building were the confequenoes pf
placing that vaft- weight upon it which originally was
not .kiterided ; and from every account ever yet given
of the Cathedral, it is alfo conjectured, that thefe fettle-
ments were at an early period, as well as the applica
tions for the fupport of the tower and fpire; therefore
the finifhers of it were in much greater fear of its du
ration {and with good reafon) than we are at prefent,.
, When Sir Chriftppher Wren made his Survey, in
Auguft'i66jvhe. found, as he mentions in his obfer-
vations, that- the firft architect was. not wjthout his
jealoufies and fears; •" As, firft, he adds a mcft ex
cellent bandage of iron to the upper part of the arcade,
.embracing the whole on the putfide and infide of the
tower with an uncommon care :" adding, " This is
.perhaps the beft piece of fmith's work, as alfo the moft
£xcellent mechanifm of any thing in Europe of its
E 2 age."

2 8 A G U I D E T O ;i
age." Sir Chriftopher attributes the duration of the
whole building to this bandage ; and, from the fucceft
he faw it attended with, did moft certainly direct the
making of others, as time fhould require ; particularly
thofe which, as it were, hoop the fpire together. Seven
of thefe bandages are applied to that purpefe ; viz. one
below the firft net-work ; two between the firft and
fecond net-work; and four between the middle and
upper net-work; there is likewife a bandage round
the tower itfelf, juft below the eight doors, which was
probably done by the fame advice.
In Sir Chriftopher's defcription of the Cathedral,
before-mentioned, it will be recollected, in that part
relative to plumbing the fpire, he hints at a wifh of
'there being fome timbers removed, for a more accurate
plumbing of it, (which was done) ; he likewife urges
the neceffity of frequently plumbing it, and advifes
that a regifter fhould be kept of the fame ; and further
adds, " if it continue without any further declination,
all is well." The trial was repeated by Mr. Naifh in
l68r, and again by Mr. Price in 1737; at tnefe Pe
riods no further declination appearing. It was again
plumbed in 1787, by Mr. Wyatt, who after plumb
ing the different parts, in the fituations defcribed
by Sir Chriftopher Wren, was of opinion, that there
had not been the fmalleft variation, either in
the finking pf the four great legs, or in the decli
nation of the tower, fince it was farveyed in 1668 by
him. He was likewife of opinion that Sir Chriftopher
Wren was much miflaken with refpect to the finking of

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 29
of the great piers, which he defcribes as follows, " that
to the fouth-weft is funk feven or eight inches, that to
the north-weft half fo much; this has occafioned the
leaning of the tower and fpire towards the fouth-weft."
Mr. Wyatt further fays, that had this actually been the
cafe, he apprehends that the confequences would have
been much more fatal ; and that, in fact, the fouth-
weft pier is only funk about five inches, and the north-
weft about five inches and an half: This may be
-plainly feen and proved1 by the moulding between the
tops of the arches of the fide aifles, and the vaultings
over them. It'is true that the bafe of the columns of
the great north-weft and fouth-weft piers, or great legs
under the tower, are as much lower than thofe to the
north-eaft and fouth-eaft, as Sir Chriftopher defcribes,
but he muft have left unnoticed the difference of level
on which all thefe bafes were fet ; thofe to the eaft of
the tranfept having been originally placed fo much
higher. And, of the five inches which Mr. Wyatt
fuppofes thefe grand legs to have fettled, he feems
fatisfied that the fettlement of two inches, at leaft, was
occafioned by the great additional weight of the grand
nave and tranfept, as he found by trial, that all the
columns, between the fide-aifles and grand nave, from
the great weftern doors to the tranfept, had uniformly
funk about two inches from thofe of the north and
fouth walls ; he had no doubt that they had originally
been level, becaufe at the weftern end he found them
all nearly fo ; and, upon the whole, he concludes with
being fatisfied that no further mifchief is to be appre
hended

30 AGUIDETO
hcnded from any future finking of the foundation.-
But recommends that care fhould be taken, from time
to time, to preferve all the iron bandages employed in
the tower and fpire, in good repair, and as free from
ruft as poffiblc, as well as the outfide ftone-work of
both ; for that if the pointing or any occafional cracks
fhould be neglected, fo as to admit the weather, much
mifchief might enfue.
The above obfervations cannot but be gratifying to
the public, as the/ moft certainly tend to remove any
difagreeable apprehenfions which may have been raifed
for the fafety of this ftately edifice, irt confequenee of
the declination of the tower arid fpire.

PART

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 31

PART IV.
An Account of the late Improvements made in Salis
bury Cathedral.

JL HE principal alteration is the opening of the Lady's \
Chapel to the Choir, which was effected by the re
moval of a fcreen that feparated them. To make /
this alteration compleat, it was found neceffary to re
move a Gothic chapel on -either fide of the eaftern ex
tremity of the building; the one erected by Bifhop
Beauchamp, the other by the Hungerford family. It
is generally allowed that thefe chapels deftroyed both
the external and internal uniformity of the building,
and, for erecting them, very material fupports of it
were taken away ; buttreffes, walls, and columns were
totally removed, and windows reduced: Mr. Wyatt
profeffed himfelf aftonifhed at the temerity of thofe
who ventured on fo dangerous an undertaking ; and
the defects are to be feen in the building, which the
removal of thefe great fupports had occafioned. The
whole

32 AGUIDETO
whole is, however, now reftored to its original 'ftate.
Mr. Wyatt was perfectly fenfible of the great beauties
of thefe chapels, but it was found neceflary to remove
them for the fafety of the building. It was done,
however, with proper caution, and with the confent
of the defcendants of the founders. The ornamental
parts, many of which were defaced, are perfected and
judicioufly arranged, as will appear in the courfe of
this account. In changing the fcites of monuments!
the greateft delicacy and precaution was obferved.
Having mentioned the neceffity of removing thefe
chapels on account of the fafety of the building, it will
not be amifs to infert anobfervation on the fame, which
I have extracted from an account publifhed from a
manufcript of Mr. Price, and added to the laft edition
of his valuable obfervations on the Cathedral. After
having defcribed feveral tombs, he particularly points
out one to the memory of Lord Hungerford. " He
lies in the north wall of St. Mary's Chapel, by which
the faid wall has been greatly injured, chiefly by taking
away the buttreffes and folid parts. The fame is evi
dent on the fouth fide oppofite ; whence I conclude,
that the reverfed arches, which ftand in the eaftern
crofs, were an early work, otherwife thefe weakenings
were fufficient to have caufed a moft dangerous fracture
that way." And to prove that thefe arches were erec
ted at or near the period when the chapels were, and
in cpnfequence of the danger that was like to enfue
from their erection, he further adds, " Nor is there the

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 33
!jthe 'leaft probability that the three bays of light lofty
work between the two croffings of the nave, could
Otherwife (that is, had not thefe additional arches been
placed there) have refifted the pufh of the grand arches
a fingle moment; efpecially confideringthe walls of
St. Mary's Chapel were fo much weakened.-  As a
proof that thefe were done in very early times, it may
be obferved, that the fouth wall has not the leaft trace
? of any * buttrefs ever having been in the middle part
of it."
The prefent organ fcreen is another material im
provement, and hereby the grand eaftern pillars which
fupport the tower and fpire, and which had been partly
concealed by the former fcreen, are now opened to
view, and the additional arches in the principal tran
fept, (which had been formerly erected to prevent any
further preffure inwards of the grand legs which fup
port the fpire) completed ; the old organ fcreen, hav
ing been a work anterior to thefe arches, the architect
who erected them availed himfelf of that circumftance,
and refted that end of them upon the fcreen, which,
' when removed, it was found that they had to fhore up
the arches, and complete them to the height of the
fcreen.
; The fide aifles of the tranfept are thrown open,
which had been formerly ufed as chantries, and en-
* In this conjefture Mr. Price is miflaken ; for when the workmen
had taken down this chapel, and were digging out a foundation for
the middle btfttrefs, they foon came to that of the original one, and
.began the new one upon it ; which proves, that the eaft end .of the
building was originally finifhed in the manner it now is.
F clofed

34 AGUIDETO
clofed by a very ordinary partition. An entrance thro'
a porch at the north end of this tranfept is walled up ;
this~ entrance, it is evident, was not an original one ;
and that the porch was not intended for the ufe that
Was made of it, is clear from this circumftance : It
ha§. four equal arches, as entrances, on each fide one ;
each arch was finifhed with niches and other Gothic
enrichments, and when it was taken down it was dif-
covered, that the part which joined the wall and but
treffes was finifhed in the fame ftile as thofe which
were immediately in fight. It is fuppofed to be of
great antiquity, and was probably brought from Old
Sarum; this porch, with the confent of the Dean and
Chapter, is removed to a garden belonging to Henry
Penruddocke Wyndham, Efq. near Salifbury, who has
added a fpire and other Gothic ornaments to it, which
it is fuppofed originally to have had. There is now but
one north entrance, and that an original one, and near
the weft end, from which the full effect of throwing the
aifles open, and that of difcovering the four grand
pillars which fupport the tower and fpire, is feen.
A beam has been removed, which had been placed
acrofs the choir, above the lower tier of arches, for the
purpofe, as was always fuppofed, of refilling the pref-
fure of the fide walls ; it had been much wiflied for
many years to have it taken down, as it was an un-
pleafing object, and greatly intercepted the view at the
entrance of the choir, but, from the danger that was
apprehended from the removal of it, the meafure was
never purfued till Mr. Wyatt had declared it to be his
opinion

SALISBURY CATH.EDRAL. 35
opinion that it might be taken away with the moft per
fect fafety. The north end of the eaftern tranfept is
converted into a chapel for reading early prayers in the
morning, which had been heretofore read in the Lady's
Chapel, and for the folemnization of marriages, and
other, parifh duties. Here many of the ornaments
which it had been neceffary to remove from other parts
of the Church are elegantly arranged. ' The fide aifles
of this tranfept were enclofed, as thofe of the princi
pal one, and like them had probably been ufed for
chantries ; the north end are the chancel and baptiftry
of the morning chapel.
The improvements in the choir are perhaps fuperior
to anything of the kind in the kingdom; it having
the appearance of a work of the fourteenth century.
The choir was much beautified at the return of King
Charles; little regard was, however, at that time paid
to the order of the building, and the alterations were
in the ftile of Grecian architecture. This falfe tafte,
which mixes and blends together two fpecies of archi
tecture that are totally and effentially different one
from another, is not confined to Salifbury Cathedral,
but top frequently occurs in many other Gothic build
ings, where improvements (if I may fp call them)
have been made.
Until the year 1777, only prayers were performed
in the choir, and the fermpns were delivered in the
great nave, wherein was a range of feats on each fide,
detracting much from its beauty. The removal of
the whole congregation in time of divine fervice was
F 2 ' attended

3^ , A G U I D E T O
attended with great inconvenience •, at the above period
the Church underwent a material alteration; the feats
and pulpit in the great nave were taken away, the
Grecian ornaments of the choir were removed, and a
very indifferent ftile of Gothic fubftituted ; additional
feats were made in it, and from that time the whple
fervice has been performed there.
It remained in this ftate until the year 1789, when
the prefent improvements commenced, in which
Mr. Wyatt has difplayed his great tafte and abilities in
Gothic architecture.
The organ-fcreen is chiefly compofed of various or
naments felected from the chapels removed, where
they were little noticed ; their beauties are now
brought to view, and by their judicious arrangement
form an exquifite piece of workmanfhip.
The Organ, (the cafe of which was defigned by
Mr. Wyatt, and is in the fame ftile with the fcreen)
together compofes a principal object at the well
entrance. The Bifhop *s throne is fuppofed to be the firft piece
of work of its kind ; forming altogether a perfect piece
of Gothic architecture, which is imagined at this time
not to be equalled for richnefs of ftile and correctnefs
of defign.
The pulpit is placed oppofite the throne, in which
the fame ftile is preferved ; the top of it having all the
appearance pf a venerable piece of Gothic antiquity.
The canopies of the prebendal ftalls are of the moft
ornamental ftile of Gothic, particularly the Dean's and

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 37
and* Precentor's, and a, rich fcreen. at theback of the
canopies greatly adds to the beauty of the whole.
The entrance of the choir is awfully ftriking: the]
windows at the eaft end are all of painted glafs ; the"?.r
fubjects are, the Elevjttionof the Brazen Serpent, and the I
Refurrection. The former was a gift Pf the prefent ,
Earl of' Radnor in 17S1, defigned by the late inge
nious Mr. Mortimer, and executed by Mr. Pearfon ;
it is comprized in three xompartments, and confifts of
twenty-one .figures,- all of which are admirably. ex->
ecuted : its dimenfions are twenty-one feet in height,
by feventeen feet fix inches in width. In this window-
the divifions of the glafs are concealed by being "in the
dark fhades of the draperies and figures, and a frame
of iron, to which it is fattened by bandages of lead, is
fo conftrUcted as to be hid from the view by corres
ponding to the different fhades. The other, the. fub-
ject of -which is the Refurrection, was defigned by Sir
Jofhua Reynoldsj and executed by Mr. Egingtoh,
near Birmingham, -whofe great abilities are univerfally
admired: the window is" twenty-three feet in height*
and is comprized in three compartments ; it princL
pally confifts of one- figure, which is a full length of
our Saviour juft arifen from the tomb, from which a
light or. glory proceeds, and diffufes itfelf through
out the whole, difperfir.g the darknefs of the night:
in the left compartment is a diftant view of Mount,
Calvary and the croffes. The windows on each fide
this are painted in mofaic, and thofe on the north and
fouth fides of what was the Lady's Chapel are orna
mented

38 AGUIDETO
mented with the fame elegant work : thefe, together
with the range of columns within, and the vaulting
above, form, perhaps, one of the grandeft perfpectives
in architecture to be conceived, and cannot fail of pro
ducing the moft folemn effect.
This part of the Church was originally dedicated to
the Virgin, and called St. Mary's Chapel ; it was ufed
for early prayers, and crowded with feats, by which its
beauties were in a great meafure concealed: the re
moval of thefe, together with the fcreen, opens this
end to the choir, and forms the prefent chancel ; the
vaultings over this part being much lower and richer
than thofe in the grand aifle, and the number of cluf-
tered columns being raifed on a marble floor differently
paved from the reft of the choir, form a fpace which
feems appropriated folely for the ufe of the altar.
The improvements made here are very confiderable ; the
windows are reftored to their original level, under which
Gothic niches are formed, which is agreeable to what
originally was in the chancels of moft cathedrals, and
was formerly on each fide the altar of this Church : the
original work of this kind in Litchfield Cathedral ftill
remains, and whatever the ufe of them might have
been, they were equal in number to the prebendal
ftalls in the choir.
The altar-piece confifts of five niches of curious
workmanfhip, three of which are immediately over the
communion-rable, and one on each fide. The com
munion-table is of ftone, and in the fame ftile with the
whole of the altar-piece ; it is cpmpofed of the parts that

sAUbHURY CATHEDRAL. 30
that remained of an old altar-piece that was difcovered
on the removal of that of the Lady's Chapel, at the
commencement of the late improvements. The parts
alluded to fupported a range of Gothic niches of curious
workmanfhip, greatly defaced, and in point of finifhing,
were not unlike thofe lately difcovered at the chapel of
New College, Oxford ; the grand niche on each fide of
the table was formed out of ornaments taken from the
entrances to the Beauchamp and Hungerford chapels ;
the arms of the refpective families remain on their tops
in their original form, and the painted window of the
Refurrection connects itfelf with the whole. Nothing
can convey a jufter idea of Mr. Wyatt's great judgment
and abilities than the arrangement of the different or
naments he has felected from the chapels removed, of
which the whole of this end is chiefly compofed ; and
their application feems very fuitable to their different
fituations. The pavement is black and white marble,
and the amazing lightnefs of the * columns that fup
port the roof is fcarcely to be conceived ; the four prin
cipal ones, not meafuring more than nine or ten inches
diameter, are near thirty feet high ; the cluttered ones are
ftill more delicately light, and are now entirely detached
from any incumbrances. Here the perfpective of the
* This particular place has been chiefly mentioned, as a fpecimen
of the vaft boldnefs of the architect, who certainly piqued himfelf
upon his leaving to pofterity an inftance of fuch fmall pillars bearing
fo great a load as the vaulted cieling ; and, at the fame time, one
would not have fuppofed them to have ftood fo firm of themfelves as
even to refill the force of an ordinary wind.
Puice'j OlfcrvatUns on Salt/bury Cathedral, page ij.
whole

40 A GUIDE TO
whole building cannot fail of ftriking the eye with ad
miration; a view of the Vaulting of the nave being pre
ferved over the organ, the choir front of which, to
gether with the canopies to the ftalls, having their full
effect from hence. The organ is alfo a beautiful ter
mination of the choir; and from the elegance of its de-
figrt, (correfponding as it does with the building,)
produces a grand effect ; it was a prefent Of his Ma-
jefty, and will (with many Pthers) be a lafting monu
ment of his great munificence*. On the weft front of
it is the following elegant infeription in capitals :
MUNIFICENTIA
GEORGII TERTII,
PRINCIPIS
CLEMENTISSIMI PIENT1SSIMI OPTIMI,
PATRIS PATRIAE
ET
HUJUSCE DICECESEOS
INCOLjE AUGUSTISSIMI.
This inftrument, which is fuppofed to be one of the
firft in Europe, was built by the celebrated Mr. Green
* The occafion of this prefent deferves to be recorded, for the fake
of the very gracious manner in which it was bellowed. His Majefty
was one day enquiring in private of Bifhop Banington (whom he knew
to be the projector and patron of the intended improvements) what
thofe improvements were to be, and by what means the expence was
to be defrayed. The Bifhop ftated the feveral alterations, and that a
new Organ was much wanted, though he feared it would greatly ex
ceed the means, which depended folely on the voluntary contributions
of the Gentlemen in the counties of Berks and Wilts, of which the
diocefe confifts. The King immediately replied, " I defire that you
" will accept of a New Organ for your Cathedral, being ttiy contri-
" bution as a Berklhire Gentleman.'' Of

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 41
of Meworth, who has lately built organs for the Cathe
drals of Windfor, Canterbury, Litchfield, &c. — The
Singing-mens' and Ghorifters' * feats were (as in moft
Cathedrals) nearly in the center of the choir, thefe are
now removed to the front of the great organ, on either
fide the choir organ ; and although there have been va
rious opinions with regard to the effect that Will be pro
duced bythis change, yet thofe who are judges are fully
perfuaded- that the alteration is much for the better.
The vaultings of the choir and eaftern tranfept are
greatly improved by erafirig certain paintings in frefco
that were thereon, which certainly deftroyed thehar-
mony of the roof : Mr. Wyatt has judicioufly coloured
the arches and ribs as nearly as poffible to the pillars
from whence they fpring, contrafting the cieling and
walls with a lighter colouring, which gives every part
its due^ effect. Thefe paintings were confefledly mere
daubings, but admired for their * antiquity ; and many
gentlemen were much offended at their being erafed,
fome not fcrupling to affirm, that they were coeval with
the; building : When this bufinefs was. in hand, I had the
curipfity to carefully examine what they, might conceal,
and if fome probable conjecture might not be formed
as to their antiquity, and, on examination, I difcovered
the evident remains of lines drawn in imitation of
brick, which the medalions had concealed ; Timilar
lines ftill remain pn the cieling of the weftern part of
* The paintings on the vaultings are efteemed-for their antiquity,
having- been ever finee the dedication of the church,
Price's, Qbfervaiions m the CatUdral,fa£e *9-
G the

42 AGUIDETO
the nave, and principal tranfept. This circumftance
indifputably proves, that the paintings were added fub-
fequent to thefe lines; I 'fhould imagine therefore, that
no one will think fuch a work to have been of great an
tiquity *; and on no other account could it have been
admired. A drawing f was taken of them for the fociety
of Antiquaries. The altar, throne, &c. are furnifhed
in a' ftile of elegance; the names of the dignities and
prebends are affixed to the ftalls, and the choir painted
a dark oak colour.
Having given an account of the improvements in
the Church, it will be proper to take notice of thofe in
the Church-yard, which until the prefent alterations
was greatly encumbered with a very heavy Gothic
building, originally a belfry : it was fomewhat lingular
to have a building, folely for that purpofe, detached
from the Church, and placed in a fituation that inter
cepted the north-weft view of it. This is now re
moved, together with other buildings that were at
tached to it.
The avenues leading to the Church were extremely
indifferent, and after heavy rains difficult to pafs ; the
* It is apprehended by certain dates difcovered at the weft end of
the nave, alfo near the fouth-weft grand leg, and other places, of
1619, and 16*0, that the chafms in the vaulted cielings were repaired
at thofe times, and lines ridiculoufly drawn uppn the plaftering, to
reprefent the feveral courfes of chalk of the vaultings.
Price'* Obfervations, page II.
f By Mr. Schnebellie, lately deceafed, Draftfman to the Antiquarian
Society. — By the fame artift drawings were taken of feveral monu
ments of antiquity, from different parts of the Church.
3 water

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 43
water remaining a confiderable time in large quantities
in different parts of the Church-yard : here the ground
is raifed, and the path-ways kept dry; the water that
is conveyed from the different roofs (which is no fmall
quantity) ran in open gutters from the walls of the
building to a large ditch which run through the middle
of the Church-yard. In a dry feafon this ditch was in
a ftate of ftagnation, and was exceedingly offenfive ;
this is now totally removed: — there is a circular arched
drain, about three feet diameter, which runs from the
extreme weft end of the Church to that of the eaft, to
which refervoir all the water from the north fide of the
building is conveyed by fmall bricked drains which lie
under ground, and lead from the different pipes ; this
will be one great means of preferving the foundation
of the Church, which has doubtlefs fuffered great in
jury from the water that muft have funk into the earth ;
and' the air both within and without the building muft
be thereby rendered more healthy. The avenues to
the Church are handfomely gravelled, and the green is
planted with cedars and other choice trees.

G2 PART

44 A G U IDE TO

PART V.
An Account of the Monuments and Antiquities of
Salisbury Cathedral.

'N the fouth fide of the weft entrance is a handfome
marble monument, (with a figure of Hibernia, finely
executed by Michael Ryfbrac) erected to the memory
of Thomas Lord Wyndham, of Finglafs, in the king
dom of Ireland ; youngeft fon of John Wyndham, of
Norrington, in the County of Wilts, Efq. , His Lord-
fhip died the 24th of day of November, 1745, in the
66th year of his age.
On the north fide of the weft entrance is a monu
ment of black marble to the, memory Of Dr. Aubigny
Turberville, who died December the 15th, 1696, aged
80 years; and of Anne his wife, who died the 21ft of
April, 1694, aged 85 years.
On the bafe between the pillars of the nave are the
following monuments arranged ; • On

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 4£
On the fouth fide, near" the weft end, is a plain
coffin-fafhioned tomb, conjectured to have been brought
from Old Sarum, with the bones of Bifhop Hermon.
On the fame fide next is a tomb, with the figure of
a Bifhop in pontificalibus, with a crofier piercing a
dragon, and a rude border of birds and foliage round
him, fuppofed to be Joceline removed from Old Sarum.
At the feet of the above is the monument of Bifhop
Roger, removed from the Cathedral of Old Sarum.
The following account is extracted from Mr. Gough's
conjectures on the fame, in the fecond volume of the
Archceolpgia, page 1 88.
" On the fouth fide of the nave, under the third
arch from the weft, lies a monument of blue fpeckled
/marble, with the figure of a Bifhop in pontificalibus,
his right hand lifted up to give the bleffing, his left hand
holding the crofier ; on the perpendicular fides or edge,
all round, is cut an infcription in large capitals, and
on the front of the robe another in letters fomewhat
fimilar. The flab lay fo deeply bedded in the ftone foun
dation on which the pillars of the nave reft, that the
firft of thefe infcriptions had entirely efcaped the notice of
the curious ; or if any had noticed it, the lower half of
the letters being out of fight, rendered it unintelligible.
Laft fummer (1770) I procured it to be raifed, and
the pavement difpofed round it in fuch a manner, that it

4.6 A GUIDE. TO
it can henceforth receive no injury, but will remain the
fecond oldeft monument in the Church, if the con
jectures I have formed upon it are founded- in truth.
The letters are fuppofed to be a mixture of Saxon and
Roman capitals, and are read thus :
" Flent hodie Salifberie quia decidit enfis
" Inftitie, pater ecclefia: Salilbiriertiis.
ce Dum viguit, miferos aluit, faftufque potentum
a Non timuit, fed clava fuit terrorque nocentum,
" De ducibus, de nobilibus primordia duxit :
K Prineipibus, -propeque tibi qui gemma reluxit."
' " The line on his robe, with Leland,*'
" AfFer opem, devenies in idem."
" The profperous fituation of this prelate under Prince
Henry, juftifies the eulogia which compofe his epitaph.
His great influence with his fpvereign, and his mutual
eftecm for him, is recorded in the words prineipibus
gemma reluxit. His adminiftration of juftice entitled
him to the name of enfis jufiitia. His munificence to
his infant Church to that of paler Ecclefia Salifhirienfis.
His impregnable fortifications, as well as his irre
proachable conduct, made that non timuit faftus potentum ;
as his high rank in the ftate made him clava terrorque
nocentum. We are to prefume, that with his great wealth
miferos aluit ; (not to mention his religious foundations)
and confidering what a reverfe he underwent in the
" * This was the only infcription that diligent antiquary obferved on
this monument. " next

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 47
next reign, dum viguit is not without its meaning.
The words infcribed on the front of his robe more
ftrongly mark the diftreffes of this prelate's declining
age ; Affer opem, devenies in idem, is an earneft addrefs
to the fympathy of the fpectators, warning them at
the fame time of the uncertainty of human events.
The conclufion propeque tibi gemma reluxit, feems an
addrefs to the Church, reminding her of the luftre he
reflected On .her while he prefided as Bifhop in her
former fituation at Old Sarum. My only difficulty is
about tfie noble defcent afcribed to him in the words
de ducibus, de nobilibus, primordia duxit. But he may
have been the younger fon of fdme noble family in
Normandy, which the Monks may have known from
evidences not noticed by general hiftorians, or they
may have introduced it here for rhyme fake. He died
December the 4th, 1139."
Under the arch, oppofite to Bifhop Roger, is the
monument of a Choral Bifhop ; it lay long buried under
the feats near the pulpit, on the removal of which,
about the year 1680, it was difcovered and removed to
this part of the nave, and is defended by iron crofs
bars. Mr. Gregory, Prebendary of Winterborne Earlesj
after a great deal of trouble in fearching old ftatutes and
manufcripts, found that the children of the choir an
ciently elected a Chorifter Bifhop on St. Nicholas 's-day,
from that to Innocent's-day ; he was dreffed in pontifical
robes; his fellows were prebendaries, and they per
formed every fervice except the mafs.. — They made
proceffions, fung part of the mafs, and fo careful was the

48 a guide to
the church that no interruption nor prefs fhould in
commode them, that by a ftatute of Sarum it was pro
nounced excommunication for any fo to do. Mr.
Gregory further obferves, from Molanus, that the Cho
ral Bifhop received rents, capons, and fuch like an
nually, and in the church of Cambray even difpofed
of a prebend ; and, by the ftatute of Sarum, held vi-
fitations, and had other prerogatives. If he died with
in the month, his exequies were folemnized with great
pomp, and he was buried, as all other sBifhops are, in
his ornaments, as appears; by his monument.
At the feet of the above monument, is an effigy of
grey marble, in armour, crofs-legged, and has been
diftinguifhed by that of a Knight Templar. It has
been conjectured that this monument * might have
been placed here to the memoryof William Longefpee,
eldeft fon of the Earl of Salifbury of that name, who
was flain in the holy wars, at the retaking of Damieta
fey Soldan, 1249.
On the fouth fide, nearer the eaft end, is a Gothic
tomb to the memory of Bifhop Beauchamp, removed,
with his remains, fromthe chapel he had founded, which
was taken down at the late improvements.
On the fame fide next is the monument of Robert
Lord Hungerford, removed, with his remains, from
the north wall of St. Mary's Chapel, who was there
buried 1463,
On

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 49
On the north fide oppofite is the monument of John
de Montacute, Earl of Salifbury, removed from St.
Mary's Chapel.
On the fame fide next is the grave-ftone of Bifhop
Ofmund, who died 1099, removed from St. Mary's
chapel. On the north fide oppofite is the monument of Lord'
Stourton, who was executed for murder in the reign of
Philip and Mary, removed from the eaft end of the
church. Ort the fame fide next is a monument, with the
figure of a BifhOp in pontificalibus, removed from the
north aifle of the grand tranfept, conjectured to be that
of Walter de la Wyle, who died 1271.
On the oppofite fide are two tombs of the Hunger-
ford families, over which formerly the iron chapel
ftood, which was removed to the upper end of the
choir in 1778 by the Earl of Radnor; an account of
the fame, in a Latin infcription, is engraven on a brafs
plate and affixedto the above tombs.
On the fame fide next is the monument of Lord
Cheney, removed, with his remains, from Beauchamp
chapel.
H On

50 A G U I D E T O
On the oppofite fide is a tomb of wood, (that had been
formerly richly painted, diapered, and gilt,) on which
lies a ftatue of grey marble, in a coat of mail, a fword
by his fide, and upon an antick fhield are emboffed
fix lions rampant — azure 3, 2, and 1, or. This ancient
monument was. brought from Old Sarum, with the
bones of William Longefpee, Earl of Salifbury, na
tural fon of King Henry II. by Fair Rofamond, who
was fuppofed to have been poifoned by Hubert de
Burgo Earl of Kent 1226, and was placed in St. Mary's
Chapel, from whence it was removed at the late im
provements to the prefent fpot.
On the north wall of the fideaifle of the nave, is a
marble monument to the memory of John Stephens,
M. D. late organift of this Cathedral, who died
December 15, 1780, aged 60 years ; alfo of Mary his
wife, who died September 30, 1 779.
Near the above, in the grand tranfept, is a neat
marble menument to the memory of Margaret the wife
of Gabriel Afhley, who died July 9, 1679, aged 31.
On the fame fide next is a handfome marble monu
ment perpetuating the memories of feveral of the family
of the Harris's, who lie buried in this tranfept ; the in
fcriptions- on their grave-ftories being nearly erafed,
occafioned. Lord Malmefbury to erect this marble. 
Near the above, a handfome monument is erected to the
memory

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. £1
memory of his Lordfhip's father, the late James Harris,
Efq. who died December 22, 1780, aged 72. Over the
infcription is a fine figure of moral, philofophy, fup-
porting a medallion of the deceafed, executed by' Ba
con, the celebrated Englifh artiftJ
At the north end of this tranfept is the monument
of Bifhop Blyth, with his effigy in pontificalibus, who
died the 23d of Auguft, 1499, and was buried imme
diately under the former altar, from whence this mo
nument was removed. It has been traditionally handed
down that this Bifhop was buried contrarywife, that is,
north and fouth; but when this monument was taken
down, and the pavement removed, an arch was ob-
ferved, which was obliged to be lowered, and under it
was a walled grave, wherein lay a fkeleton, but in the
ufual way, eaft and weft ; this was immediately under
the center arch, at the entrance to the prefent chancel
where the old altar flood. The monument was at the
back of the fcreen that terminated the choir, and was,
no doubt, placed north and fouth for the fake of con
venience, and from that, it is likely enough the tradi
tion originated : Many inftances might be produced
where effigies are placed in the fame manner, the So-
merfet monument is one in this Church.
On the north fide of the choir, and partly in the
ajfle of the grand tranfept, is the monument of Bifhop
Meltford or Mitford, who died 1407.
H 2 • Near

52 A guide to
Near the above is the effigy of a fkeleton, faid to be
that of Bifhop'Fox.
Next is the monument of Dr. Thomas Bennett, who
was precentor of this Church, and died 1555.
In the Baptiftry of the Morning Chapel is the mo
nument of Bifhop Poore, the founder of this Church,
who died 1237. This monument, with his remains,
were removed from the north wall of the former altar.
In this Chapel are three graye-ftones (removed from
the choir on the fame being paved with marble in 1 684)
of Bifhops Wyvill, Gheaft, and Jewelh
Near the above is the monument of Bifhop Bing
ham, who died the 4th pf November 1 246.
Next is a fmall Gothic chapel, partly facing the
choir, built by Bifhop Audley in 1520, the workman-
fhip of which is defervedly admired. The founder
died, Auguft 23, 1524, and was interred in this chapel.
On the oppofite fide is a handfome marble monu
ment, erected to the memory of James Earl of Caftler
haven, who died May 6, 1769.- — -Near the above
lie the remains of the late Earl and Countefs of Caftje-
haven, undiftinguifhed by any monument or graveT
ftone.

At

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 53
At the upper end of the north aifle, and near the
chancel, is a finely executed monument, of Purbeck
ftone, erected by Edward Gorges, Lord of Dundalk
in Ireland, to the memory of his parents, Sir Thomas
Gorges, Baronet, of Longford, in this county, who died
March the 30th, 16 10, aged 74; and Helena Sna-
chenberg, Marchionefs Dowager of Northampton, his
wife, who died April the 25th, 1635, aged 86 ; where
on are their effigies and feveral emblematic figures.
Under this monument lie the remains of Thomas, fon
of the above Edward, Lord Gorges, who died in
December, 1635.
Near the- above, under an arch in the wall, lies
Bifhop Roger de Mortival, (with only a crofs embofled
on his tomb) who died the 14th of March, 1329.
At the upper end of the fouth aifle, and near the
chance^ is a fuperb monument of various kinds of
marble, on which are feveral effigies finely executed.
This monument was erected to the memory of Edward,
Earl of Hertford, fon of Edward, Duke of Somerfet,
Uncle and Regent to Edward VI. His Lordfhip died
April 6, i62r, aged 83. Alfo to the memory of his
wife Catharine, Countefs of Hertford, daughter o*
Henry and Frances Grey, Duke and Duchefs of Suf
folk; fhe died January 22, 1563. Under this monu
ment are alfo interred, John Duke of Somerfet, who died
June, 1675 ; and the Lady Elizabeth Seymour, daugh ter

54 A O U i D £ i U
ter and heirefs to Joceline Percy, the eleventh and laft
Earl of Northumberland, wife to the noble Charles
Duke of Somerfet, who died in December, 1722. —
This monument has lately been repaired and beautified
at a great expence by the Duke of Northumberland.
Near the above, and partly facing the choir, is a
chapel, which was removed from the nave in 1778, by
the prefent Earl of Radnor : it was erected by Walter
Lord Hongerford, about the year 1429, and is chiefly
compofed of iron. Its prefent fituation well corref-
ponds with the Audley Chapel oppofite. His Lord-
fhip has difplayed great tafle in beautifying this piece
of antiquity, particularly in the different coats of "arms
that adorn it, which were executed by Edmondfon.
Againft the fouth wall, and near the Somerfet mo
nument, is the tomb pf Bifhop de Wikhampton, who
died April 24, 1284.
On the fame fide next is the monument of Dr.
John Priault, formerly Archdeacon of Sarum ; he died
1674, aged 60.
On the fame fide next is a neat marble monument,
erected to the memory of Samuel Rollefton, M. A
Archdeacon of Sarum and Canon Refidentiary ; he
died May 2, 1766, aged 65 : \lfo to the memory of
James Rollefton, who died June 29, 1771, aged 37. Near

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. $$
Near the above1 is the monument of Bifhop Aifcough,
with his effigy in pontificalibus, who was murdered at
the infurrection of Jack Cade, 1450.
Oppofite is the monument of Bifhop William of
York, who died 1256.
Next, agaiaft the wall of the choir, is a neat marble
monument erected to the memory of Rowney Noel*
D. D. late Dean of Sarum, who died June 26, 1786,
in the 60th year of his age.
Againft the fouth wall of the eaftern tranfept is a
handfome marble monument to the memory of Dr.
John Clarke, 'Dean of Sarum, who died February 4,
1757, aged 75.
On the fame wall is a monument to the memory of
Mrs. Margaret Tounfon, who died October 29, 1634,
aged 49.
" Againft the fame wall is a marble monument to the
memory of Edward Davenant, Efq. brother to Bifhop
Davenant; he died June 2, 1639, aged 70. .
Near the above is the monument of Bifhop Ward,
who died January 6, 1688, aged 72.
Underneath the above is a marble entablature to the
memory of Seth Ward, Treafurer and Canon Resi
dentiary

56 A G U I'D E T 0
dentiary of this Church; he died May 11, 1690,
aged 43.
Againft the fouth wall next is a marble monument,
fupported by two Corinthian pillars, to the memory of
Bifhop Davenant, who died April 20, 1641.
Near the above is a handfome monument to the
memory of Sir Richard Mompeffon, Knight; and
Dame Catharine, his wife, with their effigies thereon.;
he died n October, 1627.
Nearly oppofite, under the feats, is the tomb of
Bifhop Capon, who died October 6, 1557.
Near the above, and partly in the fouth aifle of the
principal tranfept, is the monument of Bifhop Bride
port, with his effigy thereon in pontificalibus: the
tomb of this monument, with the effigy, is of white
marble; he died December 13, 1262.
Againft the fouth wall of the principal tranfept, is a
fmall marble monument, erected to the memory of
Brfhop Hume, who died June 26, 1782; alfo to the
memory of his Lordfhip's firft wife, who died in 1757
without iffue; and to the memory of three- of hjs
Lordfhip's daughters.
Near the above is a neat marble monument to the
memory of Bifhop Thomas, who died June 20, 1766.
Againft

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 57
Againft the weft wall, and near the above, is a mo
nument to the memory of Mr. Charles Langford, one
of the Fellows of Winchefter College; he died Sept.
tember 29, 1635.
On the fame fide next is the monument of Miles
Sandys,^ who died Auguft 9, 1632, aged 22.
Next is the monument of Robert Hayes, youngeft
brother to James Earl of Carlifk, who died in Sep
tember, 1625.
Againft the fouth wall is a monument to the me
mory of Mrs. Eleanor Sadler, with her effigy thereon
in a pofture of devotion; fhe died January 30, 1622,
aged 80. 4
On the fame fide next is the^ monument of Chief
Juftice, Hyde, on which is his bufto of marble ; he
died May 1, 1665.
Near the above is the grave ftone of Bifhop Hyde,
who died September n, 1667.
Near the above, againft the fouth walj, is the mo
nument of Henry Hyde, who died March 4, 1650.
On the fame fide is a fmall marble monument to the
memory of Elizabeth, daughter of Bifhop Hyde.
J Near

5& AGUIDETO
Near the above is a monument to the memory of
Mrs. Mary Cooke, wife to the Right Hon. Col. Francis
Cooke; fhe died September 21, 1642.
On the fame fide next is the monument of Dr.
Scebbing, Archdeacon of Wilts, and Chancellor of
the diocefe of Sarum; he died in 1763, aged 76.
. Near the above is a neat marble monument erected
to the memory of Jofeph Gribble, M. A. who died in
May, 1767, aged 25.
On the fame fide next is a neat marble monument to
the memory of Henry Hele, M. D. who died June 26,
1778, aged 89. "
Near the above is a marble monument erected to the
memory of Alexander Ballantyne, M. D. who died in
1783. At the eaft end of the choir are interred the follow
ing noble perfonages of the antient family of Herbert
Earls of Pembroke, &c. undiftinguifhed by any mo
nument. Henry Earl of Pembroke, interred March 5, i6©r.
Lady Mary Countefs of Pembroke, November 13,
1621. William Earl of Pembroke, died April 10, and in
terred May 7, 1630. Philip

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. £9
Philip Earl of Pembroke, December 24, 1669.
William Earl of Pembroke, Auguft 5, 1674.
Catherine Countefs of Pembroke, February 28, 1677.
Lady Ann Herbert, November 18, 1678.
Philip Earl of Pembroke, September 10} 1683.
Margaret Countefs of Pembroke, December 9, 1706.
Barbara Countefs of Pembroke, Auguft 9, 1722.
Thomas Earl of Pembroke, January 31, 1732.
s
Near the above lie the remains of the Right Ho
nourable Charlotte Vifcountefs Windfor, interred No
vember 23, 1733.
The Right Honourable Vifcount Windfor, June 19,
I737- The Right Honourable Vifcount Windfor, Feb
ruary 9, 1758.
The Right Honorable Vifcountefs Windfor, De
cember, 1776.
The above are alfo undiftinguifhed by monuments.
On removing the pavement of the Lady's Chapel,
for re-paving the fame with marble, feveral ftone cof
fins were difcovered, the pavement only covering them,
and laying near to thefurface ; in'thefe fepulchres were
I 2 perfect

&CX AGUIDETO
perfect fkeletons, and at the head of each a chalice and
patten ; one was of filver gilt, the defign and work-
manfhip of which is by no means inelegant. In the
fame coffin was found a gold ring of curious device, fet
with an agate ; likewife a crofier of wood, but, from
its. pungency, fome fuppofed it to have been cork.
In the center of the patten is the hand of a Bifhop en
graven, in the act of giving the benediction ; and on
the fame are the evident remains of linen, which pro
bably had covered the wafer, and as it decayed ad
hered to it. The ring is fuppofed to be the official or
paftoral ring, or that of inveftiture ; the ftone is per
forated, from which circumftance, it might probably
have been a bead, and part of the rofary. We are left
to conjecture to whom thefe belonged, but the moft
probable one is, that they were Bifhop Nicholas Longe-
fpee's, fon to the Earl of Salifbury of that name, as
there is an account of his having been buried near this
fpot, in 1297.
Another ring was found in removing the tomb of
Bifhop Beauchamp, who died 1482, which is a much
ruder piece of workmanfhip than the former; the ftone
appears to be a faphire.
The Dean and Chapter were pleafed to have thefe
antiquities depofited in the muniment-houfe of the
Cathedral, that the curious may be gratified with a
fight of them, and of which a drawing was taken for
the Society of Antiquaries.
PART

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 6t

PART VI.
¦ An Abridgment of the Lives of the Bishops of
Sarum.

ANA, King of the Weft Saxons, confidering how ex-
tenfive his kingdom was, and with but one Bifhop to
fuperintend fpiritual affairs, thought fit, on the death
of Headda, Bifhop of Winchefter, to erect another
fee at Sherborne, which might prefide over the counties
of Dorfet, Somerfet, Wilts, Devon, and Cornwall.
A. D. 705.
In the year 905 King Edward and Plegmundus
Archbifhop of Canterbury took out of the diocefe of
Sherborne three epifcopal feats, for Cornwall, Somer
fet, and Devon, and in a fhort time after a fourth was
appointed for Wilts, the Bifhop of which refided
fometimes at Sunning, near Reading, and at others,
at Ramfbury and Wilton.
The laft Bifhop of Wilton was Herman, a native
of Flanders, and formerly Chaplain to Edward the
Confeflor, and by him advanced to the epifcopate: difpleafed

fo AGUIDETO
difpleafed with the place of his refidence, he was wil
ling to remove it from Wilton to Malmfbury, then
well built, and very fiourifhing; this was oppofed by
the Abbot and Monks, who applied to Earl Godwin,
engaging him to flop that meafore in the King's Coun
cil. Herman finding himfelf difappointed, in a fit
of difguft laid down his Bifhoprick, and retiring to
France, entered the monaftery of St. Bertin, took the
monaftic habit, and continued three years. Aldred,
Bifhop of Winchefter, in the interim, adminiftered
ecclcfiaftical affairs for him. He foon got tired of the
feverities of a convent, and was poffefTed with an
eager defire of returning home : this wifh was further
encouraged by the death of his old enemy Godwin.—.
Being come back, he folicited the King to perform a
promife he had formerly made him — of uniting Sher
borne and Wilton together.
Lanfranc, Archbifhop of Canterbury, held a Synod
in St. Paul's church, London, 1076, when, among
other things, it was ordered, that epifcopal feats fhould
be removed from obfcure villages to cities and towns.
Herman availed himfelf of this decree, and changed
Sherborne for Sarum. He lived but two years after,
dying A. D. 1078. II. Ofmund.
Herman was fucceeded by Ofmund, who has been
already mentioned in the hiftory of the tranflation of
the prefent Cathedral from Old Sarum. He compofed
a particular church fervice, called, Ordinale fecundem nfum

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 63
ufum Sarum, which was fo well approved of, as to be
univcrfally adopted. So blamelefs was his life, and fo
devoted to the fervice of religion, that Pope Calixtus,
and the Sacred College, granted a Bull for his Canoni
zation, dated the 6th of the calends, of May, 1457.- —
He dedicated his church to St. Peter, and made the
Canons fecular. He died Dec. 3, 1099, and was
buried at Old Sarum. III. Roger.
This Prelate was firft taken notice of by Prince
Henry, who was brother to William Rufus, and after-'
wards King: he being out on a military expedition,
turned into a certain Church, fituated in the fuburbs of
the city of Caen in Normandy. Roger at this time fer-
ved the cure with a fmall falary ; the Prince was fo well
pleafed by his great expedition in performing the fervice,
that he defired him to follow the camp, with which he.
readily complied. Roger, though poffefTed of but little
learning, had good natural parts, and by his great dili
gence and attention ingratiated himfelf into the Prince's
favour; -he intrufted him with the management of his af
fairs, and when come to the throne, conferred on him
whatever he could afk. He made him Chancellor, and1
after Bifhop of Salifbury ; he was moreover conftituted
Chief Jufticiary of England. — He founded two monas
teries, and the ftrong caftles of Sherborne and Devizes
were built by him ; he expended great fums in carrying
on and decorating his Cathedral in a moft fumptuous manner;

64 A GUIDE TO
manner; for though the foundation had been laid about 50
years before, it had fuffered much by lightning immedii
ately after its dedication. His places brought him in
much wealth ; and he promoted his nephews, and his own
natural fon : he embellifhed and ftrengthened his pof-
feffions at Sarum, Devizes, and Malmfbury. Thefe acts,
in the fubfequent troublefome reign, were interpreted
as dangerous to the ftate, and traiterous. If there is
any thing blameable in his conduct, it is this : Henry I.
had but one fon, named William, who unfortunately
was drowned: his daughter, Matilda, called Maud,
the Emprefs, was to fucceed him ; and the King fum-'
moiled the eftates of the realm to fwear allegiance to
his pofterity. Roger came among others, and freely
offered this teft of his fidelity ; but Henry dying foon
after, Roger was very forward in advancing Stephen to
the crown, wherein he was accufed of wilful perjury ;
but m his excufe he alledged, that Maud was engaged
npt to marry without the confent of the ftates, which
yet fhe did, and thereby forfeited their allegiance.
However, Stephen ufed the Prelates, who were the in-
ftruments of his promotion, ungeneroufly. He had
been fuccefsful againft the Scots, French, and the Em>.
prefs, and therefore imagining himfelf fufficiently fet
tled to attempt any thing, he fummOned a council to
Oxford,, whither Roger was to go ; but fearing what
would happen, he pleaded bad health, and the infir
mities of old age, for his ahfence : this was not ad
mitted ; a meffage was fent to him, that weighty affairs
were -in agitation, and his great experience rendered his
prefence

b.ci.i.x&buKx CATHEDRAL* 65
prefence indifpenfably neceffary. Stephen had hitherto
dffliae every thing by his advice ; and, of his kindred,*
one he had made Treafurer and the other Chancellor
of England.
William of Malmfbury, who was prefent, fays, that
Roger undertook the journey with great reluctance*
declaring he could be of no ufe^in the council. In
obedience to the King's command he came, when,, the
King was received with the greateft refpect i but it was
privately contrived that a riot fhould be raifed between
the fervattts of Allan Earl pf Brittany and thofe of the
Bifhop, in which the attendants of Allan were routed
arid pne-pf them kil|ed4
This was what was wanted/: the King fumrnGnecI
Roger, his fon, arid nephews to appear, with which they
all cPiriplied, except the Bifhop pf Ely, who retired tp the
Caftle of Devizes and fecured himfelf there; the others
were clofely fecured, and commanded to deliver up
their caftles : Ely alone refufed to obey, whereupon
Stephen haftened with his prifoners- to Devizes, and
finding the Bifliop determined not to furrender, \\.t
erected a gallows, and' old Bifhop Roger's fon, who-
was Chancellor, was fentenced to he" immediately
executed, unlefs Ely opened the gates, which he ftill re-*
fufing, the fentence, was putting in force; whereupon the
aged Bifhop fuddenly intervenes, and binds himfelf by
a folemn oath not to tafte food until the caftle was de
livered, if the King would poftpone his fon's execution.
This was agreedto, yet the inexorable nephew fuffered
the Bifhop to faft three days, and then very unwillingly
K furren-

66

A GUIDE TO

furrertdered. The grief pf this event, with the feverity
of his faft, brought on a quartan ague, and he died
December 4, 1 139, after he had fat near 38 years.
IV. Joceline.
King Stephen, upori the death of Roger, endeavoured
to put in his place Philip de Harecourt, his Chancellor,
and Dean of Lincoln ; but the Canons of Sarum re*
fufed to elect him : in cortfequence of this difagree*-
.ment, the Bifhoprick continued vacant fome yearSj
when Joceline was appointed. He is called Joceline
de Baihtl, •Archdeacon of Winchefter; he was by
country a Longobard, and eonfecrated in 114 2: he
prefided over this Church many years, but the year
before his death retired to a convent, and took on him
the habit of a Ciftertian Mortk ; he died September -1 8,
1 1 84. V. Hubert Walter
Was Dean of York, and eonfecrated Bifhop of
Sarum November 1, 1 x 89 ; he was tranflated to Can
terbury in 1 1 93.
VI. Herebert Pauper, or Poore,
Was ordained a Prieft the 29th of April, on the
t3ay of Pentecoft, and the following Sunday eonfecrated
Bifhop of Sarum by his predeceffor in St. Catherine' 's
Chapel, and enthroned June i^, 11 94: he died May

1217,

VII. Rich.

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL, 67
VII. Richard Poore ¦
Was Dean pf Sarum, and afterwards Bifliop of Chi-
chefter, and tranflated from thence to Sarum in 1 2 1 7,
and removed to Durham , by a Papal Bull bearing date
May 14, 1328.— -Godwyn fays he founded St. Ni
cholas's Hofpital for poor men and women, which at
the Reformation was valued at the yearly fum of
^.25 2j\ 2d. VIII. Robert Bingham (a)
Was eonfecrated at Wilton by the 'Bifhops of Bath
and Worcefter in May 1 229. He applied to the finrfh-
ing the Cathedral, which he could not complete, though
he fat twenty years : he died November 3, 1 246, at a very
advanced age, leaving his Church burthened with a
debt, of 1700 marks. IX. William of York (b)\
Was eonfecrated at Wilton by Fulco Bifhop of Lon*
don, July 1247. He revived the vexatious cuftoms
of tenants following their Lord's Court. He died
February 2, 125,6.
X. Atgidius de Brideport (c)
Was Dean of Wells, and eonfecrated March ir,
1256: he obtained from the Pope a faculty to hold his
Deanry in commendum. 1'his Bifhop, according to
(a) 13 Henry III. (b) 31 Henry III. (c) 41 Henry III.
K 2 Leland,

68 A GUID* TO
Leland, founded the College de Vau-Ix 1260: he died
December ig, 1262.
XI. Walter Ae la Wyle (d)
Was Succentor, or Sub-chantpr of Sarum, andap-,
pointed to tins fee April 10, 1263, and the 27th of
May following was eonfecrated; he died January 3,
1270. Leland fays he founded the Collegiate Church
pf St. Edmund, in Sarum, •
• XII. Robert de Wikhampion (e)
Was Dean of Sarum, and elected Bifhop by the
Canons, and had the royal affent, March 6, 1 270, and
was confirmed in a chapter of the Monks of Canter
bury, during the vacancy of that foe. This act of the'
Monks was warmly refented by the Bifhops of that dio^
cefe; they pretending a right thereto : they further re-
fufed to confecrate thofe that were fo confirmed, and
appealed to the College of Cardinals j the Papal Chair
being vacant. The fuit lafted at Rome three or four
years, and at laft they decreed for the elected and Monks,
and Robert was eonfecrated in 1274, and died April
24, 1284.
XIIL Walter Scammel (f)
Was Dean of Sarum, and eonfecrated at Sunning
October 22, 1284, and died October 25, 1286.
(d) 47 Henry III, (e) « Edward I. /) it Edward I.
XIV. Henry

SALISBURY CATHES.RAI, 69
XIV. Henry de Miwmdftoua (g)
According to fome, was Dean of Sarum, but others
make him Archdeacon of Dorfet ; he was eonfecrated
at Canterbury in 1287, and died before the conclufion
of the year, XV. William de ta Corner (h) 1
' Was eonfecrated March 12.8-9, at Cancerburyi by
John Archbifhop of that Church, and died 1291.
. XVL Nicholas Longefpee. (i)
Nicholas Longefpee, or Longefpata, was grandfon
of Henry II, "by his natural fon William Earl of Sa
lifbury; his mother was Ela daughter of William
Fitzpatrick, Earl of Salifbury. He was Treafurer
Of Sarum, and eonfecrated at Canterbury. March 16,
j29«, at a very advanced age, and died in 1297, and^
was buried in his Cathedral.
XVII. Simon de Gandnvs, or Gaunt, (k)
Was eonfecrated October 20, 1297; he was a pro
found divine, and drew up thofe ftatutes whereby the
Church is ftill governed ; he gave liberty to the Mayor
and Citizens of Sarum to fortify the city with a wall
and ditch, and died March 31, 13 15.
(g) 15 Edward I. Q>) 17 Edward I. (0 ao Edward I.
Q) %s Edward I. < XVIII. Bogtt

7-0 " Salisbury Cathedral,
XVIII. Roger de Moriival (I)
Was Dean of Lincoln, and eonfecrated Bifhop of
Sarum, September 28, 1315, and died March 14, 1329,
XIX. Robert Wyvil (m)
Received his temporalities from Edward III. June
JO» 133 1 ; in 1335 he brought a writ of right for the
caftle of Old Sarum, againft William Montacute the
Earl, which both parties agreed to determine by duel :
when the champions were ready to engage, the King's
letters fufpended it ; the affair was afterwards compro-
mifed, and the Earl * gave up the caftle for 2500 marks,
Wyvill alfo claimed the caftle of Sherborne, which
King Stephen, 200 years before, had taken from Bifhoo
Roger. He died September 4, 1375.
XX. Ralph Ergum. (n)
On the death of Wyvil, John de Wormenfhall, a
Canon of Sarum, was elected Bifliop, and received the
royal approbation November 1 2, 1375; notwithftanding
which the Pope nominated Ergum, and he was eonfe
crated at Bruges in Flanders, December 9, 1375; on
September 14, 1388, he was tranflatect to Bath and
Wells. XXI. John Walthapf (0)
Was eonfecrated September 20, 1388, ; in 1390, he
was excommunicated for refufing the vifitation of the
(/) 9 Edward II. (»i) '3 Edward III. (*) 49 Edward III.
(0) ta Richard If. ',
* See this Bifhop's grave-ftone, inlaid with brafs, in the Morning
Chapel. Arch-

Salisbury cathedral. 71
Archbifhop of Canterbury, but he fubmitted July 14,
1390. Richard II. with whom he was in great favour,
in refpect to his memory, had him buried at Weftmin-
fter among the Kings. He 'died in 1395, and lies
interred near Edward I.
XXII. Richard Metford (p)
Was tranflated from Chichefter, October 25, 1395,
and died in 1407.
XXIII. Nicholas Buburith (q)
Was Bifhop of London, but by the Pope's Bull, da
ted the 16th of the Calends of July, was tranflated to
Sarum 1407, and the 7th of October following was re
moved. to the fee of Bath and Wells.
XXIV. Roger Hallam (r)
Was eonfecrated Bifhop of Sarum 1408, and died
at the council of Conftance 141 7, and was there buried.
XXV. John Chaundler (s)
Was formerly Dean of Sarum, and eonfecrated
-Bifhop, December 12, 1417. He died in July 1427.
XXVI. Robert Nevill (t)
Was fon of Ralph Nevill, Earl of Weftmoreland,
eonfecrated October 12, 1427, and tranflated to Dur
ham January 27, 1437.
(p) 19 Richard II. (?) 8 Henry IV. (r) 9 Henry IV.
Q) j Henry V. (/) 6 Henry VI.
XXVII. WiU

72 A- GUIDE TO
XXVII. mUiam Aifcaagh (u)
Was ffjcretary to Henry VI. and eonfecrated Bifhop
of Sarum July 28, 1438, in the chapel of Windfor j
fie was made confeffor to the King, an office not ufually
given to Bifhops before this time.. After he had fat
twelve years, Jack CadeJs rebellion broke out, which in
fected every part of the kingdom; the Bifhop 's tenants
making an infurrection, came to him at Edington,
June 29, 1450, where he then refided. He was at the
time celebrating mafs, from whence they dragged him
to a neighbouring hill, and there murdered him;
and afterwards pillaged his houfe, where they took
10,000 marks in numbered money.
XXVIII. Richard Beauchamp- (w)
Was tranflated from Hereford to Sarum, Auguft 14,
1450 ; in 1477 he was inftalled Dean of Windfor, and
is fuppofed to have been the firft Chancellor of the
noble order of the Garter. He died 1482.
XXIX. Leonel Woodville (x)
Was fon of Richard Earl Rivers, and brother of
Elizabeth wife of Edward IV. and fome time Chan
cellor of Oxford ^ in j 479 he was made Dean of Ex
eter, and- in 1482 eonfecrated Bifhop of Sarum. He
died 1484, and was buried in his Cathedral. Gardi
ner, the noted Bifhop of Winchefter, was the natural
fon of this prelate,
(«0 16 Henry VI. (<w) 28 Henry VI. (*) 7.% Edward IV. ,
XXX. Thomas'

SALISBURY-CATHEDRAL.' * 73"
XXX. Thomas Langton (y)
Was tranflated from St. David's, February 9, 1484,
and in 1493 to Winchefter.
XXXI. John Blythe (z)
Was eonfecrated Bifhop of Sarum February 23,
1493 ; he was made Chancellor of Cambridge in 1494,
and died Auguft 23, 1499. He lies buried at the en
trance to the prefent chancel, from whence his monu
ment was removed, and placed at the north end of the
principal tranfept.
XXXII. Henry Deane (a)
Was tranflated from Bangor to Sarum in T500, on
the deceafe of John Morton, Archbifhop of Canter
bury. Henry VII. being then at Woodftock, delivered
to this prelate the great feal, and foon after advanced
him to the Archiepifcopal Chair.
XXXIII. Edmund Audley (b)
Was tranflated from Hereford in 1502, and died
Auguft 23, 1524. He lies buried in a chapel he had
erected on the north fide of the choir.
XXXIV. Laurence Campegius (c)
Was Cardinal of Rome, and fucceeded by papal
provifion December 2, I524,andin 1534 was deprived,

(y) z Richard III.

(s) 9 Henry VII.

(a) 16 Henry VII.

(b) 17 Henry VII.

(c) 16 Henry VIII.

L

upon

74 A G U I D E T O
upon a pretence of non refidence ; but, in fact, becaufe
he complied not enough with the inclinations of King
Henry VIII. in the affair of the divorce, in Which he
was engaged with Cardinal Wolfey.
XXXV. Nicholas Shaxton (d)
Was eonfecrated Bifhop of Sarum, on the depriva
tion of Campegius, April n, 1535. *In 1539, he,
together with Latimer, Bifhop of Wqrcefter, could
not refolve to approve of the law of the fix articles ;
they therefore thought, that, by a refignation of their
bifhoprics, they fhould be lefs expofed to the attacks
of their enemies. — But they did not come off fo eafily,
¦ — They had no fooner put the inftruments of refig
nation into the King's hands, but they were prefented
as having fpoken againft the fix articles, and corrn
mitted to the Tower.
XXXVI. John Salcot, alias Capon (e)
Was tranflated from Bangor, Auguft 14, 1539,
(others fay July 31) and died October 6, 1557.
Peter Petow was nominated to this fee by the Pope,
but rejected by Queen Mary, and not fuffered to take
poffeffion. Francis Mallet, nominated by Queen Mary, and re
ceived from her the temporalities, October 14, 1558, but
never was eonfecrated ; and, after his miftreffes death,
was fet afide by her fucceflbr.
{A) 26 Henry VHI. (e) 31 Henry VIII.
* Rapin'e Hilt, of England, Vol.1. Page 8j3.
XXXVII. John

SALISBURYCATHEDRAL. 75
XXXVII. John Jewel (f)
Was born May 22, 1522, at Buden, in the parifli pf
Berinerber, in Devon (hire : he was one of the fixteen
divines who difputed in Weftminftcr- Abbey on the
acceffion of Queen Elizabeth ; and was made a Com-
miffioner to vifit different diocefes, and purge them of
popery. In 1 560 he was eonfecrated Bifhop of Sarum :
when the Queen vifited Oxford, in 1565, Bifhop
Jewel attended her, and moderated the divinity difpu-
tations held in her prefence. He departed this life
September 25, 157 1. In a defcription of Salifbury,
in Camden's Britannia, publifhed in 1753, vol. 1.
page 116, is this added : " But it hath nothing of
" which it may fo juftly boaft, as of John Jewel, Bifhop
" of this place ; the wonder of his age for his know-
" ledge in divinity, and a moft ftrenuous defender of
" the reformed religion." He builta library adjoining
the Cathedral, which his fucceffof furnifhed with
books.
' XXXVIII. Edmund Gheaji (g)
Was eonfecrated Bifhop of Rochefter January 21-,
1559; and tranflated from thence to Sarum in 1571 ;
he died February 28, 1578.
XXXIX. John Piers (h)
Was Dean of Chriftchurch, Oxon, and eonfecrated
(/) a Elizabeth. (5-) 14 Elizabeth. (h) so Elizabeth.
L 2 Bifliop

76 Ar G U I D E TO
Bifliop of Sarum in 1578, from whence he was tranf
lated in 1588 to the fee of York.
XL. John Coldwell (i)
Was eonfecrated Bifhop of Sarum December 26,
3591, after three, years vacancy in this fee; he died
October 14, 1596, and lies buried in the choir.
XLI. Henry Cotton (k)
Was Chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, and eonfecrated
Bifhop of Sarum, after two years vacancy in the fee,
November 12, 1598; he died May 7, 161 5, and was
here interred. XLII. Robert Abbot (I)
Was Doctor and Regius Profeffor of Divinity at
Oxford, and eonfecrated Bifhop of Sarum December
3, 1 61 5, and died March 2, 1 6 1 7, and was here
interred. XLIIL Martin Fothcrby (m).
Was eonfecrated April 19, 161 8, and died March
1619, and was interred in the Church of All-Souls,
Lombard-ftreet, London. v
XLIV. Robert Tounfon (n)
Was Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and
Chaplain to King James I. He was Dean of Weft-
(/,) 34 Elizabeth. (k) 40 Elizabeth. (7) 13 James I.
(m) 16 James I. (») i3 James I. minfter,

SALISBURY' CATHEDRAL. 77
minftcr, and eonfecrated Bifhop of Sarum July 9,
162b; he died May 15, 1621, and was interred in
Weftminfter Abbey.
XLV. John Davenant (0)
Was one of the eminent Divines that King James I.
fent to the fynod of Dort, in 161 8; on his return he
was raifed to the fee of Sarum, and. eonfecrated June
j 2, 1 62 1, and died April 20, 1641.
XLVI. Brian Duppa (pf '
Was tranflated from Chichefter in 1641, but. never
enjoyed any benefit from his fee : he was tranflated to
Winchefter at the Reftoration. :JJ
XLVII- Humphrey Henchman- (q)
Was Precentor of Sarum, and affifted Charles. II.
both with his courage and advice at the battle of
Worcefter ; at the Reftoration he was advanced to. this
fee, and eonfecrated October 28, i66o><and tranflated
£0 London September 15, 1663.
XLVIII. John Earl (rf
Was tranflated from Worcefter in 1663, and died at
Oxford November 17, 1665, aged 65, and lies buried
near the altar in Merton Chapel.
(o) 19 James I. {p) 17 Charles I. (?) 12 Charles II.
(r) 15 Charles II.
XLIX. Alex-

78 AGUIDETO
XLIX. Alexander Hyde (s)
Was fon of Sir Laurence Hyde, and born at Salif
bury: he was Fellow of New College, Oxon, and
Dean of Winchefter. He was eonfecrated at Oxford
December 3, 1665, and died Auguft 22, 1667.
L. Seth Ward (t)
Was eonfecrated Bifhop of Exeter in 1662, and in
1667 was tranflated to Sarum, the Epifcopal Palace of
which he repaired at a great experice ; he contributed
largely towards making the river Avon navigable from
TJhriftchurch to Salifbury. The College of Matrons
is a permanent monument of his charity and munifi
cence ; ten widows of clergymen are here entertained
with a very comfortable provifion ; the Bifhop, Dean,
and Chapter electing alternately.
Charles II. through Bifhop Ward's folicitation, re-
ftored the Chancellorfhip of the Noble Order of the
Garter to this fee, which had been in lay hands from
the time of Cardinal Campegius's deprivation.
He was one of the founders of the Royal Society
and for a long time Second Prefident of the fame ; he
died January 6, 1689, aged 72, and lies buried in his
Cathedral. LI. Gilbert Burnett
Was eonfecrated Bifhop of Sarum March 31,1 689 :
this eminent prelate was the author of that excellent
(j) 17 Charles II. (0 19 Charles II. work,

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 79
work, the Hiftory of the Reformation; and was inftru-
mental in bringing about the Revolution: he died
March 17, 17 1 5, aged 72, and was, interred in the
parifh church of St. James 's, Clerkenwell, London.
LII. William Talbot
Tranflated from Oxford to Sarum the 23 d of April,
1715; and, after fix years, removed to the fee of
Durham. LIII. Richard Willis
Was tranflated from Glocefter to Sarum, in 1721,
and from thence to Winchefter.
LIV. Benjamin Hoadly
Was born at Weftram in Kent, Nov. 14, 1676. In
171 5 he was appointed Bifhop of Bangor; in 1727 he
was tranflated to Hereford, and from thence to Salif
bury in 1723 ; in 1734 he was removed to Winchefter,
where he died April 1761, aged 85. — His Lordfhip's
writings are very numerous, and as valuable for their
language as the topics there treated.
LV. Thomas Sherlock
Was fon of Dr. William Sherlock, and born in
London 1 67 8 ; from Eton fchool he removed to St.
Catherine-hall, Cambridge, and in 1704, on the re-
fignation of his father, was appointed Mafter of the
Temple. Dr. Dawes being promoted to the See. of
York

i50 AGUIDETO
York in 1714, Dr. Sherlock fucceeded him in the
Mafterfhip of Catherine-hall; in 17 16 he was made
, Dean of Chichefter, and in 1728 was eonfecrated
Bifhop of Bangor, from whence he was tranflated to
Sarum in 1738, and in 1748 he was advanced to the
See of London. He died 1761, aged 83.
LVI. John Gilbert
Was tranflated from Landaff in 1748, and in 1757
was removed to York. LVII. John Thomas
Was tranflated from Peterborough 1757, and in
1 761 to the fee of Winchefter.
LVI II. Robert Drummond
Was advanced from the Bifhopric of St. Afaph to
Salifbury, and in the fame year was tranflated to
York. , LIX. John Thomas
Was eonfecrated Bifliop of St. Afaph in 1743, and
the next year removed to Lincoln ; he was tranflated
to Salifbury in December 1761, and died June 20,
1766. LX. John Hume
Was eonfecrated Bifliop of Briftol in 1756, and re
moved to the fee of Oxford 1758; in 1766 he was
tranflated to Sarum, and died June 27, 1782. LXI. The

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. Si
( LXI. The Honourable Shute Barrington
Was eonfecrated Bifhop of Llandaff in June 1769,
and tranflated to Sarum in 1782. His ' Lordfhip ex
pended incredible fums on his palace and gardens,
which were not eompleated till near three years after
his tranflation; when he immediately fet about repair
ing and beautifying his Cathedral. On the death of
the late Dr. Thurlow, in 1791, -his Lordfhip was
tranflated to the fee of Durham, and was fucceeded by
Dr. John Douglas, the prefent Bifhop, tranflated from.
Carlifle.

M A LIST

82

A LIST of the DIGNITIES and PREBENDS
« V  - - -
O F THE
_". .CATHEDRAL CHURCH, pf ,S ARUM. ,_
•- . , • ¦' > , ' With the Order for the L)ays of Preaching. •

¦.-, The j Bishop, Dean,,&c. of Salisbury.

The Bifhop- —
¦ Dean — ,
*¦' Chancellor of Diocefe
Piiecentor r; ? , —
Chancellor of Church
Treafurer —
f Sanim
Archdeacons of < Wilts
t Berks
Sub-Dean —
Sub- Chanter —

John Douglas, D-D-
John pkins, D. D.
Sir Charles Gould, Knt. LLD*
Nathaniel Hume, M. A.
William Talbot, M. A.
Francis Dodfworth, M. A'. ' '•' :
William Whitworth, M. A,
Arthur Coham, M. A.
Arthur Onflow, D. D.
James Stirling Samber, D. D.
John Sellwyn, LL. B,

The Chapter.

The Dean —>

Canons Refidentiary

John Ekins, D. D.
r Mr. Precentor Hume.
I Newton Ogle, D. D.
J Walter Kerrich, M. A.
1 Robert Price, LL. D.
I Charles Mofs, M. A.
(, Barfoot Colton, M. A.

2i

Preaching Days.
Advent Sunday
2
3
. 4
Chriftmas Day
. t
z

Dignities and Prebends,
Mr. Chantor
Mr. Chancellor
Mr. Treafurer
Mr. Archdeacon of Berks
Mr. Dean
Mr. Archdeacon of Sarum
Yatefbury

Preaching

SiiA. L I S & U R Y CATHEDRAL. 83
Preaching'Days. Dignities and Prebends.

Sundays after Epiphany

1
2 3
4

Septuagefima Sexagefima
'^uinquagejima
Sundays in Lent.
1

Alternately \

3
456
¦Good Friday
Eafler Day
Sundays after hajler
1
2 3
4
56
2if2>/f Sunday
Trinity Sunday
Sundays after Trinity
1 ".-¦.
2 3
4
5 6 7

10
1112
'3 '4
*S16 >7
18

Mr. Archdeacon of /F*7r*
HighworthWinterborne Erles
Durnford Slape
Alton Auftral
Fordington and Wringlington
Teynton Regis
Rufcomb
Gulingham Minor
Gillingham Major
HighworthWarminjier
StratonIlfracombMrs Dean
Mr. Chantor
Mr. Chancellor
Mr. Treafurer
Mr. Archdeacon of Berks
Mr. Archdeacon of Sarum
Mr. Archdeacon of Wilts
Mr. Dean
Shipton Netherbury in Eccl.
Grantham Aujl.
Grantham Bor.
Chute and Chefenbury
Bedminjler and Redcliffe
Grimfione .and Yatminfter
Wilsford 'and Woodford
.Bemminfter Prima
Nejherhaven Bemminfter Secunda
Netherbury in tena
Bifhopjion
Yatminjler Prima
Lime and Haljiock
Combe and Harnham
Teynton Regis
Alton Borealis
Torletbn,. .'

Preachin:

84

CV'I-DI T O, 5ZO

Preaching Days.
Sundays after Trinity
'9
2Q-
21 22
232+
Saint Paw/
Saint Barnabas
Thefe three Prebends have )
no preaching turn /

Dignities and PREarNns.
Yatminjier Secunda
Chardjhck Hufborn and Burbige
Uffcombe
BittonPrejlonMr. Sub'dean
Mr. Subchantor
Major Pars Altar is
Minor Pars- Altaris-
Stratford

Potterne
Heytefbury, Bricklefworth,
Calne

Bifhopric
Deanry Chancellorfhip.Treafurerfhip

E R JZ A T A~
Page 23, line 10 — dele (which is now under reparation J
 23,  12 — read The Cloifler, which is now under repara
tion, is, &c-.
'  3 2> — ' o — for was read were.-
— — 46-,  7 — for Injlitie read Jufliiie.
 79, — 14 — for 17Z7 read 1721.
 So, — 5— for i73§read £734.

A N E W
DESCRIPTION O F T H E
PICTURES, I BUSTOS,
STATUES, I BASSO RELIEVOS,
AND OTHER
CURIOSITIES, IN THE
Earl of PEMBROKE'S Houfe,
A T
WILTON.
In the Antiques of this Collection are contained the Whole
of Cardinal Richelieu's, Cardinal Mazarine's, and.
the greateft Part of the Earl of Arundel's ; befides fe
veral particular Pieces, purchafed at different Times.
THE NINTH EDITION,
Corrected, and Enlarged.

SALISBURY:
PRINTED BYE. EASTON,
FOR HENRY COWARD, AT WILTON-HOUSE.
M.DCC.LXXIX.
[Price HalfIa-Crown.]

^^^^^^m^^^^^^^**^,..f^^^^^^^^^^^^6^*^

To the PUBLIC.

T:

H E frequent Demand for a new
and more accurate Account of thefe
Sculptures and Paintings, will render
unnecefTary any Apology for the Pub
lication of this.
Time, generally fpeaking, varies
Taftes ; but in this Collection the
moft refined Taftes in every Age will
meet with Subjects worthy their At
tention. Statuary and Painting, Twin
and. Rival Arts, muft be allowed to be
ufeful and entertaining; and here
thofe whofe Genius and Tafte lead
them to admire thofe exquifite Works
of the Antients, and of the greateft
Mafters in modern Times, have an
Opportunity at one View, as it were,
of gratifying the moft infatiable Curi-
ofity. But can our Eyes feaft on, or Minds
feel the pleafing Senfation of increaling Know-

To the PUBLIC.
Knowledge, without a Thought in
truding on thofe great and noble Perfo
nages, to whofe Munificence, Genius,
and Induftry, we are indebted for their
Prefervatjon ? To them it is folely
owing, that thefe Patterns of the moft
finifhed Productions the World ever
faw, have been brought to Light ; and
this Collection, of which the following
Pages is but a fummary Account, con
tains, perhaps, the moft numerous and
moft excellent Specimens of the Greek
and Roman Artifts ; Works, that have
efcaped the Ravages of Time, and
outlived thofe States, that nurtured,
and brought them to Perfection.

Advertifement to the Reader.
X H E Names of the Marbles in Italian, the Language
in which they were firft diftinguifhed by the Moderns, are
marked in Italic Characters : and it is to be obferved, that
the Quarries of all thofe Marbles, which are called Antique*
are at prefent unknown ; as likewife are thofe of Porphyry
and Serpentine.

DE SCRIPT I ON
OF THE
Antiquities and Curiofities
r n
WILTON- HOUSE.
At the Porter s Lodge.
Over the Boor.
X H E Busto of LuCilla Junior
In the Court before the grand Front of/"
the Houfe, ftands a Column of white
Egyptian Granite, out pf the Arundel Col
lection. The Shaft weighs between 60 and
70 Hundred Weight, of one Piece. It
has a Fillet (as very antiently was ufual)
five Inches broad below, and another at
Top, three Inches broad ; which Fillets
project but Half an Inch. The Height is
B 13 Feet

2- A Defcription of the Curiofities
13 Feet and a Half, the Diameter 22 In
ches, and leffens fcarce two Inches at Top.
The Greeks afterwards, by Degrees, leffen'd
more. It had a Hole both at Top and
Bottom, which (hews that it antiently
ftood as a fingle Pillar. Mr. Evelyn bought
it for the Earl of Arundel at Rome, where
Julius Cafar had fet it up before the Tem
ple of Venus Genetrix.
The Statue, cf Venus, ftanding on its
Top, Lord Arundel valued much, becaufe
it was the only one cart; from a Model made
at Rome, proportionable to fome Parts re
maining of the broken Antique. This Co
lumn was never erected fince it fell in the
Ruins of old Rome, 'till fet up here, with a
Corinthian Capital and Bafe of white Mar
ble, which makes theColumn eight Diame
ters. The Whole, with all its Parts, is
32 Feet high.
On the lower Fillet of this Column are
five Letters in 'the following Shape :
T R T S A Which

/« WlLTON-HoUS^ 3
Which Letters being read after the Man
ner of the Eaftern Tongues, from the
Right Hand to the Left, and having the
proper Vowels fuppliedj make Astarte,
the Name by which Venus was worshipped
among the antient Nations of the Eaft, par
ticularly the Sidonians : for it is faid in the
firft Book of Kings, that Solomon went aftef
Afhtoreth, whom the Septuagint call AJlarte.
This Goddefs was the fame with the Ve
nus Cceleflris of the Greeks ; and originally
an oriental Deity ; as Selden in his Treatife
of the Syrian Gods abundantly proves. The
Perfians gave her the Name of Mitra, the
Arabians of Alilat, and the Syrians Mylitta j-
the laft, when literally tranflated from the
Caldee, is Genetrix.
Lord Pembroke, in his MSS. very clearly
(hews the Letters before mention'd to be
Egyptian, and of the antient Alphabet,
which was common to the Phenicians and
contiguous Nations : the firft Letter is ufed
fifteen times as an Alpha on his Lordfhip's
Phenician Medals j the fecond is a Caph,
B 2 which

4 A Defcription of the Curiofities
which was formerly ufed for an S : the third
is a T, and may be feen on Phenician Coins ;
if the middle Stroke of the fourth joined
the Hook at the Bottom, it would then be
the old inverted triangular R of the antient
Greeks. For thefe Reafons, which exaftly cor-
refpond with each other, the Column is
certainly of great Antiquity, as well, as the
original Statue from which the prefent was
made. In the Front of the Houfe, on each
Side of the Entrance.
Two Statues of black Marble, out
of the Ruins of the Palace of Egypt, in
which the Viceroys of Perfia lived many
Years after Cambyfes had conquered Egypt,
and returned to Perfia. There is a Garment
on their Shoulders of different coloured
Marble, and only their Toes appear at Bot
tom. There is the old Bandage Diadem on
one of them. Single Statues without Arms
were in Ufe long after they could make
them with Arms, not only in Egypt,
but in Greece. Such Termini were fet at
their

In Wilton- House. g
their Doors without, as the Limits and
Boundaries of their Houfes. Thefe Ter
mini fometimes reprefented illuftrious Men,
and therefore were reverenced by both Gre
cians and Romans : However, the latter
did not allow in their Figures the obfcene,
Parts to be expofed to View : The Perfians,
who abhorred Idols as Objects of religious
Adoration, yet admitted Termini with the
fame decent Reftriclions.
Vitruvius fays, they ferved as Ornaments
in Architecture; the Pedeftals being on
Plinths high enough for the Door, when
their Heads came to the Bottom of the Ar
chitrave. They (hewed a Pride (as fome
think") to reprefent their Captives in this
fervile Pofture of bearing and Supporting.
The great Gate- way and Tower into the
Inner-Court were begun by William Earl of
Pembroke, in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth,
and finifhed by his Son Henry Earl of
Pembroke. The faid Earl William received
from King Henry VIII. a Grant of Wilton-
Abbey;
B 3 In

6 A Defcription of the Curiofities
In the Middle of the Inner Court.
In four Niches of a Pedeftal (whereon
ftandeth a Horfe as large as the Life) are
four Statues :
The firft is Diana.
On the right Hand, is Venus picking a
Thorn out of her Foot. — See this Circum-
ftance mention'd in Bion's fecond Idylliam.
The next is Venus holding a Shell in her
right Hand : her left Hand has hold of the
Tail of a Dolphin. Thofe Symbols are to
fhew that the Empire of the Goddefs of
Love extends oyer the Inhabitants of the
watry Element : Or they may allude to her
being generated from the Sea.
The fourth is Venus and Cupid. He
is begging for his Quiver of Arrows.
In two painted Niches are two Statues ;
The firft is Attys, the High-Prieft of
Cybele, cloathed as a Woman.-*- Attys was
a Phrygian Shepherd, and of a comely Form;

In Wilton-House. j
Form ; he afterwards became the Prieft of
Cybele, or the Syrian Goddefs, and firft in-
ftituted Rites and Ceremonies in Honour
of her, and travelled from one Country to
another to eftablifh the Worfhip of Rhea,
and Magna Mater, and at length he himfelf
obtained a Place in Heaven.
He was ufually adored as the Sun ; and
it is faid the Sun, Seraphis, Mithras, Pluto,
Typhon, Attys, Ammon, and Adonis, are
the fame Deity. Julian, the Roman Em
peror, called Attys Magnum Deum, the
great Divinity : Statues were erected to him,
and Lucian particularly mentions a golden
one to Attys, and placed among thofe of
Anubis and Mithras. We frequently fee
frim on Monuments with Cybele, and fome-
times alone. He fometimes holds a Shep
herd's Crook and Pipe, and is reprefented
with- the Pine-Tree, which was facred to
Rhea. In the other Niche is the Statue of Au
tumn us, with Autumnal Fruit.
On one Side of the Gate-Way.
The Bufto of ^nobarbus.
This Bufto ftands upon an antient Altar
B4 of

6 ^4 Defcription of the Curiofities
of Bacchus', round it we may fee the whole
Drefs of this Prieft, alfo the Thyrfus in
one Hand : He has a Panther after, him,
•alfo two Priefteffes going in Proceffion
round the Altar: The Thyrfus in the
i-.ieit's, Hand, is a plain Pine- Apple, not
adorned with Bunches of Grapes, as that
mentioned in the Great Hall; which there
fore feems to be an adorned Scepter for Bac
chus himfelf; and the rather, becaufe in the
triangular Altar, upon a Table in the Cube
Room, the Prieft has alfo a Thyrfus, but
plain as this here, only with this Addition,
that it has Pine-Apples, one at each End,
the Stalks being joined at the Middle, where
his Hand holds it.
Here follows the Infcription, ending in
a Circle round the Altar :
/WO^W:f>MnOM Canamas. f)ionyfium.
AHA0WW/Vi?^X£77&M
Pulchri-Formem. Bacchatorem,
TMWmEJVOM Flavi-Comum. The

In W i LToti-HouSE. 9
The Epfilon< for an Eta is fufficient to
fliew, that it was oefore the Addition of
the four laft Letters, and therefore it is
likely Omicorn ftands for Omega, becaufe
learned Men agree that v.&.napv Canamus fuits
the old Hymn to Bacchus, better than piKmnn
Ganimus.
In the Porch (built by Hans Holbein)
leading into the Veftibule.
The Bufto of Hannibal.
Pescennius Niger.
Albinus. MlLTIADES.
Buflos in the Veftibule.
Labienus Parthicus,
Theophrastus.Hadrian. Caligula.
Vibius Varus.
Marcia Octacilla, Wife of Philip. Octa-

lo A Defcription of the Curiofitiesr
Octavia, the firft Wife of Nero; of
fine coloured Marble ; her Head-Drefs alfo
very fine, with Leaves and Ears of Corn
bound round upon her Hair. This Buft,
and that of Pop p .as A, are both very cu
rious. The Bufto of Julia, incomparable fine
Greek Sculpture, and (as feveral others in
this Colle&ion) of Parian Marble. She
was Wife to Agrippa, Daughter to Scribo-
nia, third Wife to AuguJlus, from whom
he was afterwards divorced, when he mar
ried Livia Drufilla, with whom he lived
happily She however procured the Death
of. his Grand-Children, Caius and Lucius,
the Sons of this Julia, to make Way for
Tiberius, one of her own.
The Bufto of Marcus Junius Brutus,
who (tabbed Julius Cafar. It is of the beft
Sculpture. The Bufto of Marcia, the firft Wife
of Septimus Severus. The Plaiting of the
Hair, and the Drefs of the Head, very An
gular. Herd

In Wilton- H'o'u s e. " Yl
Here are two Columns of the Pavpnazzp,
or Peacock Marble, each nine Feet feve$
Inches high ; both of them had Capitals
which ferved for Urns. There are Holes
at the Top to put the Afhes in ; they were
in the Columbarium of a Nobleman and his
Wife, and the Infcription over them, which
was in the Wall, fignified that they had
made that Columbarium.
In the Middle of the Veftibule.
The Statue of Apollo, out of the Juf-
tiniani Gallery. He appears with a moft
graceful Air in a refting Pofture, having
hung his Quiver on the Laurel, which is
ornamented with very fine Sculpture.

In

12 ADefcnption of the CuriofitieS

In the GREAT HALL.
Statues, Buftos, Sarcophagus' s, {or
Tombs) and Baffo-Relievos..
APANTHEON, having the Symbols
of three Divinities ; a Cornucopia
with Fruit for Vertumnus ; out of it, Grapes
for Bacchus, and Ears of Corn for Ceres.
The Figure is a comely Man, in the Prime
of his Age and Strength, without any
Beard, and therefore is probably an Apollo,
larger than the Life.
The Statue of Faunus, finely twifting
his Body, by looking down over his Shoul
der at his Leopard/
The Statue of Didia Clara, Daugh
ter to the Emperor Bidius Julianus, bigger
than the Life, fitting in a Chair : She
holds a fenatorial Roll, in a genteel Pof-
ture. The Drapery of her Cloathing is
very fine. A

In Wl lt on-Hou s E. 13
A Bufto of Marcus Aurelius, when
Cafaf. In a Niche.
The Statue of Antinous, the Favou
rite of the Emperor Hadrian ; a beautiful
Youth.

The Bufto of Cleopatra, the Sifter
of Alexander 'the Great, and Wife to An-
tipater,
A Sarcophagus (or Tomb) adorned in
in the Front in Alto-Relievo, two Cupids
holding two Feftoons of Fruit: Over each
Feftoon are two Heads of the Heathen Dei
ties : Under one of the Feftoons is a Lion
and an Ox ; under the other Feftoon is a
Goat and a Cock. This is defcribed by
Salvini, — vide Tab. 7.
Upon the foregoing Tomb is Euterpe
the Mufe, fitting with a Flute. She is
faid to b6 the Inventor of Wind-Mufick.
A Number' of the Mufes were found at
'Rome, but moft of them injured by Time and

• 14 JlDefcrtption of the Cunofities
and Accident; only two had Heads. AU
gardi mended for ChriJliana, Queen of Swe
den, thofe that were defective, and fupplied
the reft to make a compleat Set.— Very
fine Sculpture. By Cleomenes.
Portia, Wife of Brutus. The Medal
of Brutus is on her Bread, a Necklace a-
bout her Neck, and a Diadem on her Head ;
being the only one known to have this Or
nament of a Medal.
On the Chimney - Piece are the
three following*
A fmall Statue of ^Esculapius. The
Countenance of this God refembles that
of the placid Jove ; he has one Arm bare,
as ready for an Operation ; the antient Phy-
ficians being alfo Chirurgeons. The Stick
with the Serpent twifted round it, (hews he
is the Roman iEfculapius, who came to
Rome under the Form of that Animal.
The* Bufto of Julia Mam^ea, Mother
of Alexander Severus. A

In Wilton-House. 1 5
A fmall antique Statue of Meleager.
The Expreflion of the Mufcles deferves
Attention, and (hews what characterizes all
the antient Heroes, great bodily Strength.
—Very fine Sculpture.
A Bufto of Nero. — This Emperor was
the laft of the Julian Family. At the Be
ginning of his Reign, he gave great Hopes
to the Roman People of much Felicity ;
but in a few Years his Conduct was chan
ged, and he became a moft bloody and cruel
Tyrant, and ended his Life miferably.
His Countenance very ftrongly marks the
Character of his Soul ; a brutifh Stupidity
is predominant in every Lineament of his
Face. The Shape of his left Arm and
Hand is feen through his Robe, and there
are two little Cupids at the Bottom of the
Bufto. A Sarcophagus. In the Middle of the
Front is a Circle, wherein are reprefented
the half Lengths of. a Man and Woman,
for whom it may be fuppofed the Tomb
was made ; the other Part of the Front is
fluted Work : At one End is a Lion, with
a Uni-

1 6 A Defcription of the Curiofittes
a Unicorn under him ; at the other End a
Lion with a wild Boar Under him ; at the
Bottom, under the Circle, are two Maiks,
one of them with Hair, the other having a
Veil upon the upper Part : Whence it has
been thought by Antiquarians to be the
Tomb of Terence the Poet. — This is de
fcribed by Salvini, Tab. 8.
Upon the foregoing Tomb, is a Queen
of the Amazons, beautiful, though in i.
warlike Action, being on one Knee, as un
der a Horfe, defending herfelf in Battle.
Her Shield is in the Figure of a Half-Moon,
according to the Defcription Virgil gives of
it in his firft JEneid:
With Fury form V P e n t h e s i l e a there,
And led, with moony Shields, her Ama
zons to War ;
Amidfl the Thoufands flood the dire Alarms,
And the ferce Maid engag'd the Men in
Arms. Pitt, B. j, L. 663.
Behind the lower Part of the Shield, to
illuftrate the Action, the Sculptor has car
ved a Horfe's Foot. Her Bufkin plainly (hews

In Wilt on -House. 17
$iews the ancient Shape a,nd Mariner of
it. . By Cleomenes.

A Bufto of Lucilla, the Wife of MliUs.
— Very fine Sculpture. In a Niche. '
The Statue of Mercury' with his Sym
bols, his Petafus and Purfe. "
'.'*¦'
A, Bufto of Apollo.' This Deity is al
ways reprefented extremely handfome ; the
prefent Bufto exhibits him with an agreea?-
ble Countenance. m
A Copy of the Venus of Medic is.
By Wilton.
The Original of this Statue is in the Flo
rentine Gallery ; of which Gori has given
the following ingenious Account:—
OF all the beautiful Statues which hive
furvived the Ruin of Art, this of Venus is
the moft admirable; it is, as it were, a
Compendium of the Excellencies of antient
Sculpture. The Greeks called this Deity,
, . . C Venut

1 8 A "Defcription of the Curiofities
Venus Anadyomene : She is defcribed as e-
merging from the Sea ; gentle Love is ready
to receive her, the Nereids and Nymphs
ftand round, Neptune with a Chorus of Tri
tons chant her Praife, and foft Perfuafon
offers her a Crown.
The Beauty, Defign, Elegance, and Exe
cution of the whole, is not to be exprefled.
It is the general Opinion, that this Medi-
cean Venus is the Workmanfhip of either
Phidias, Praxiteles, or Scopas. Near the
Feet of the Goddefs rifes a Dolphin ; on
him two Cupids are fitting. Statins de
fcribes them :—
Alma Venus thalamo, pulfa modo noSle
jacebat,
Amplexu duro Getici refoluta maritt,
Fulcra torofque Bece tenerum premit agmen
Amorum ;
Signa petunt, quas ferre faces, quae pe&ora
M>
Imperet, an t err is favire, an malit in undis;
An mi/cere Beos, an adhuc vexare Tonantem.
Silvar. Lib. i.
Silenus

In Wilton-House.

19

Silenus' and Bacchus. — A Group,
very fine.
Flora. — This and the foregoing (both
of Parian Marble) were a Prefent to the
firft Philip, Earl of Pembroke, by the Duke
of Tufcdny, who in King Charles the
Firft's Time was in England, and refided at
Wilton with the faid Earl three Weeks.
A Copy of the Apollo of Belvedere. By Wilton.
The Bufto of Philemon.
The Bufto of Lepidus.
A Sarcophagus, adorned with a fine Co
lumn of the Corinthian Order at each End }
in the Middle is a double Door, partly
open, which confirms what antient Authors
have faid, that fome were fo made that the
Soul might go out to the Elyfian Fields ;
At each end of the T®mb is a Griffin,
Salvini, Tab. 10.
Upon the foregoing Tomb is Hercules
not long before he died. — He leans ready
C 2 te

20 A Defcription of the Curiofities
to fall, and appears very fick ; Paan, his
Friend, looks up at him with great Con
cern, — Apollodorus informs us, that the
Hero having fallen a Sacrifice to the Jea-
loufy of Dejanira, afcended the Funeral
Pile, which Paan fet on Fire. Hercules,
as a Reward of his Fidelity, beftowed on
him his Arrows. — Anatomifts greatly ad
mire the Expreflion of the Mufcles.
Constantine the Great; of better
Work than was common in that Age ; as
are alfo a few of his Medals.
Over the Door.
The Bufto of Pindar.
The Bufto of Sophocles.
A Sarcophagus. In the Middle are re
prefented three Figures ; Meleager, re-
ligioufly turning fomething off from a Pa-
-tera into the Fire on an Altar ; at his Feet
lies the Head of the Calydonian Boar; by
him is At al ant a, with a Quiver hang
ing from her Shoulders : The third i9
Theseus.

In W I L T O N - H O U S E. 21
Theseus. — The Antients' often devoted
themfelves, when they died, to fome Di
vinities, as here,' to thefe. The whole
Bodies of two Perfons, perhaps a Man and
his Wife, feem to have been buried here,
becaufe there is a little Rifing at the End
for their Heads. — This Sepulchre is ador
ned with two whole Length Figures of
Castor and Pollux, at the two Ends,
Salvini, Tab. g.
Upon the foregoing Tomb is one of the
Labours of Hercules. He is reprefented
as turning the River Achelous, which is fi
gured as an old Man ; his Thighs end in
Snakes, to fignify the Winding of the River.
This Story, wrapt up in a poetical Fig
ment, might be this : Achelous was a
winding River, whofe Stream was fo rapid
that it overflowed its Banks, and flooded
the Country. Hercules reftrained it within
two Channels, that is, broke off its Horns,
and thereby reftored Fertility to the Coun
try. The Bufto of Pompey the Great.
The Bufto of Brutus Senior.
C 3 The

22 A Befcriftion of the Curiofities
The Statue of Livia, Wife of Auguflus,
bigger than the Life, fitting in a Chair ;
one Hand refting on a Patera, to (hew that
(he was honoured as Pietas, in which Cha
racter (he is alfo feen on a Medal : The
Drr.pery very natural.
The Statue of Cupid, when a Man,
breaking his Bow after he had married
Pfycbe. Apuleius, after giving an elegant Rela
tion of the Loves of Cupid and Pfycbe,
concludes with this Account of their Mar
riage. " Immediately the nuptial Supper was
prepared. Cupid reclined on the higheft
Couch, and embraced Pfyche in his Bofom ;
the reft of the Gods feated themfelves in Or
der. Ganymede, Jove's Cup-Bearer, fupplied
them with celeftial Nectar, as did Bacchus ;
Vulcan was Cook : The Hours ftrewed Ro-
fes and Flowers ; the Graces fprinkled the
moft odoriferous Balfams ; the Mufes
played on their various Inftruments ; Apollo
fapg to his Lyre; beauteous Venus danced, and

In W I L ton - Hou s e. 23
r
and the Woodland Deities joined in the
Chorus. In this Manner was the Marriage
of Cupid and Pfycbe celebrated; from
which in due Time, fprang a Daughter,
whom the Mortals call Pleqfure." By Cleomenes.
Faustina, Wife of Antoninus Pius,
larger than the Life : The Drapery very
natural.

3C

C 4 THE

'24 A Defcriptioifjfthe Curiofitles

THE
Alto and Basso Relievos
In the GREAT HALL.
Begin wifh the upper mofl on the Left -Hand.

A

Baffo Relievo, Apollo and Diana
deftroying Nio.e's Children, by (hooting
Arrows at thern. It is faid that the Fable
of Niobe denoted the annual Inundation of
Egypt. The Affront (he offered to La-
fona, was a Symbol to (hew the Neceflity
(he laid the Egyptians under of retreating to
the higher Grounds. The fourteen Chil
dren of Niobe, are the fourteen Cubits that
marked the Increafe of the Nile. Apollo
and Diana killing them with their Arrows,
reprefent Labour and Induftry, with the
Afliftance of the Sun's warm Influence,
* oyer-

" tn W I L ' T O N - Et o u s e. ,25
bvercoming thofe Difficulties after the Re
treat of the Flood. There are twelve Fi
gures, befides Apollo and Diana, and ' fix
Horfes ; very fmall neat Work.
An Alto Relievo. Two Ccjpids ; one
looks angry at the other, whofe Bow he
has broke, which makes the other whimper.
An Alto Relievo, The Ornament of a
Pedeftal belonging to a Victor ; it repre-
fents very particularly fome of the antient
Greek Games. Here are feveral peculiar
Circumftances : Neptune, as the Judge, is
the only Figure fitting ; Saturn ftands be
hind ; at the End of the Relievo is a hand
fome Piece of Architecture, fomefhing
higher than the Heads of the Perfons, and
is as a Portico to terminate the End of
their Running ; in it, are Mars and Venus,
minding each other only ; over them, is a
Cupid, who has in his Hand a peculiar
Light, not long as a Torch, but as a Lamp,
in the Palm of his Hand ; two young Men
are running, fuppofed to have fet out from
the End where Neptune is, and one is al-
moft

26 A Defcription of the Curiofities
moft got to the End terminated by the
Building ; he has fuch a Light in his Hand
as Cupid has. Antiquaries fpeak of the
Exercife of running in this Manner with
a Light. The other young Man, who is
running after him, has an Oar in his
Hand of the antique Form. In the Middle
of the Place for the Exetcifes, are two
ftrong made Men, with Beards ; they (hew
another Sort of Trial, not of Motion (as
the young Men) but of Strength ; one of
their Hands is tyed to the other's two
Hands ; in this it is fuppofed they took
Turns, to try which could pull the other
fartheft after him.
An Alto Relievo. Curtius on Horfe-
back, leaping into the Earth, which opens
with a Flame of Fire : Of the fined Work,
by a Greek Sculptor. This illuftrious Ro
man devoted his Life to the Service of his
Country. Livy relates, that the Earth o-
pened in the Forum, from whence iffued a
dreadful Flame; the Gods were confulted,
and an Anfwer returned, that the Gulph would

In Wilton-House. 27
would not be clofed, nor the Fire extin-
guifliedj before fome Nobleman had thrown
himfelf into it ; Curtius, mounting his
Horfe in compleat Armour, leaped into it,
and thereby removed the Plague. In the
Villa Burgefe, at Rome, is a Marble ex
actly fimilar to this, which for Elegance
of Defign is greatly admired. The Cuftom
of devoting themfelves was practifed by the
Greeks, as appears by the Story of Codrus,
from whom the Romans might have adopted
it. The Decii, Father, Son, and Grand-
fon, were prodigal of Life for the Prefer-
vation of their Country. Mutius Sccevola,
having by Miftake killed one of the Nobles,
inftead of Porfenna, King of Tufcany, burnt
off his right Hand in the King's Prefence,
without flinching.
An Alto Relievo. Saturn, a fmall
one, but of moft beautiful Work ; it has
the Appearance of great Antiquity. The
Deity is reprefented with a Scythe, which
the Greeks fuppofed to be his Attribute, as
the God of Time -, and therefore called him

28 A Defcription of the Curiofities
him xpxj. The Romans confidered it as a
Symbol of Hufbandry, pretending that he
introduced feveral Parts of Agriculture in
Italy. An Alto Relievo. A Fauna dancing
a Child upon her. Foot ; of the antient red
Egyptian Jafper. It is on a Ground of ori
ental tranfparent white. Alabafter, with a
Frame of antient Greek Marble.
An Alto Relievo. Four Boys gathering
and eating Grapes : They are in various
Poftures. The Relief high and beautiful.
An Alto Relievo. Endymion afleep,
and Diana (the Moon) coming down to
him. This Shepherd is fuppofed to be the
firft who obferved the various Phafes of the
Moon, and reduced them into Order;
wherefore Poets feign that the Moon was
in Love with him, and eaft him into a deep
Sleep that (he might kifs him. Another
Account is given of this Fable : The Egyp
tians, in the Feaft of the New Moon, in
which they celebrate the antient State of
Mankind,

In Wilton-House. 29
Mankind, chofe a Grove, or fome retired
Grotto, where they placed an Ifis, with her
Crefcent or Moon, and by her Side an
Horus afleep, to denote the Repofe and Se
curity Mankind enjoyed in thofe Ages of
Simplicity. A Greek Relievo of the very fineft Work,
an oriental Alabafter. Eleven Figures, be
fides a Dog. Thofe on the foremoft Ground
are in Alto Relievo. It is Ulyjes, who is
gone into the Cave to Calypfo, where they
are kneeling round a Fire. The Cave (a
moft beautiful Ruin of Architecture !) has
a fine Frieze of Figures, feveral of which
are on Horfeback. The other Figures are
UlyJ/es's Attendants, and Spectators, fome
of whom are got upon the Ruins.
An Alto Relievo. Saturn crowning
Arts and Sciences. This refers to the Gol
den Age, in which he reigned, and Man
kind emerged* from their Barbarity by his
Means.
Is genus indocile, ac difperfum montibus alt is
Compofuit ', legefque dedit.
Virg. JEn. Lib. 8. L. 322. An

30 A Defcription of the CuriofitieS
An Alto Relievo. Jupiter holding
Bacchus to fuck Juno, as (he lies afleep.
Bacchus was fabled to have been brought
up in Jove's Thigh ; but here we behold,
on this Relievo, a more probable Account
of that Tranfaction.
An Alto Relievo. Britannicus. This
and Britannicus's Junia are of that which
is called the antient red Egyptian Jafper,
(Deafpro EgittoJ on a Ground of the an
tient green Marble.
An Alto Relievo. Venus, and Cupid
fucking. She is fitting under a large rish
Canopy. Mars is fitting by, in rich Ac
coutrements. A Relievo. Silenus drunk upon an
Afs, held on by two Figures ; a Boy is
leading the Afs, and blowing a Bull's Horn,
(likely the firft Trumpet ;) another Boy is
fitting againft a Tree, playing on a Pipe ;
another Boy has hold of the Afs's Tail ; at
fome Diftance Venus is laid down afleep,
Cupid has hold of fome Part of her Gar
ment

In •'• W i lt on -House. 31
ment to cover her therewith ; higher up is
a Boy gathering Apples from a Tree ; on
the back Ground is a Group of four Boys,
one of them is fitting and playing on a Pipe,
another is playing on a Timbrel, the other
two are dancing.
An Alto. Relievo of Britannicus'j
Junia. A Baflb Relievo. An old Greek Mofak
teflelated Work ; the Pieces of Marble of
various Colours, not only flat, hut rifing
as the Figures : It reprefents the Garden of
the Hefperides; in the Middle is the Tree
bearing the golden Apples, and the Dragon
to preferve them ; by it is a Rock, and
Hercules with his Head and Garment girt
with golden Fafces, at his Feet is his
Quiver, &c. on the other Side lies his Club.
Mgle, Daughter of Hefperus, is in View ;
her Head adorned with Green ; cloathed
with a double Garment, the inward Green,
and the outward Red, folded and loofe to
her Feet; in her left Hand (he holds a
•Branch with golden Apples on it, She
(hews

32 A Defcription of the Curiofities
(hews Beauty and Modefty, and he the
Majefty of a Hero, and Comelinefs of
Youth. This is very Angular; and it is
doubted whether there is any other Relievo
in Mofaic Work.
A Relievo of an'old Man, like a Silenus;
he is filling a Bafket with Grapes.
The Head of Remit alces, King of
Thracia, as big as the Life, in Porphyry.
An Alto Relievo from a Temple of
Bacchus. This Work appears to have
been made in the Ages of the beft Sculp
ture ; and it is very remarkable, that the
Thyrfus, or Scepter of Bacchus, has here
the Addition of Bunches of Grapes. There
is a Vine (hooting up from the Bottom,
which is of the fineft Sculpture.
An Alto Relievo. Venus riding on the
Sea, in a Shell drawn by two Dolphins, at
tended by two Cupids-, above, in the Clouds,
is her Chariot, with two Doves. An

'!»¦¦ WrI L T'O N -H 0 US E. b*
An Alto Relievo. The Three Graces j
a Boy: with' Wings holding up a Feftoon,
An Alto Relievo. The Story of Cl^elia.
The River ...Tyber, and Romulus and Remus
playing with a Wolf on its Banks. This
celebrated Inftance of Female Fortitude is
thus mentioned by Valerius Maximus. At
the fame Time that Horatius. Cockles bravely
defended the Sublician Bridge over the Ty
ber againft the Hetrurians, Clelia, a Roman
Virgin-, immortalized herfelf againft* the
fame Enemy, and on the Tyber. Being
given up with others to Porfenna, as Hofta-
ges, efcaping the Guard under Covert of
the Night, (he mounted on Horfeback,
fwam acrofs the River, and by this bright
Inftance of heroic Virtue infpired her Coun
trymen with fuch Courage, as freed them
from a Siege, and the fear of the Enemy.
Therefare thirteen Women, and four Horfes.
An Alto Relievo. Silenus drunk, held
on by a Man and Woman, upon an Afs ;
a Man leading' the Afs. There are thirteen
Figures, befides the Afs and a Goat.
D An

34 -A Defcription of the Curiofities
An Alto Relievo. Europa on the Bull ;
his Feet end in Fins. There are four other
Marine Deities aflifting at the Rape.
An Alto Relievo. Gal at m a riding on
the Sea in a Shell, drawn by two Dolphins.
There are three other Figures .
An Alto Relievo. Two Cupids, and
four other Boys, at Play.
An Alto Relievo. A Boy on a Sea-Hprfe,
blowing a Concha, or Shell Trumpet.
An Alto Relievo. Diana, with her
favourite Stag, and two Dogs aile<?p.
An Alto Relievo of eight Figures, be
fides a Dog and a Goat..
An Alto Relievo. Ariadne and The
seus. There are two other Figures, and
two Horfes.
A very antient Confular Chair, called
Sella Curulis ; the Back is in three
Parts -,

In W i lto-n- Hou s e. 35-
Parts ; the middle Part is in the Shape of a
Term ; on the Top is a Bifrons ; the Fa
ces are of a young Man and a young Wo
man, as the Genii of Rome', there is an
Iron goes through the Shoulder Part of the
Term, which gradually (lopes down about
fix Inches, and is there faftened to the Tops
of the other two Parts, which are of Brafs,
(as is the Term alfo) ornamented with
Silver; the two fore Legs are Iron; the
Seat is thick old Board.
In the Gallery of this Hall, are five Suits
of Armour : That in the Middle was Wil
liam Earl of Pembroke's, the other four, and
the Parts of five more Suits in the oppofite
Parts of the Hall, were taken from the no
ble Perfons, on the following Occafions.
This Earl, in the Reign of Queen Mary,
was Captain-General of the Englifh Forces,
at the Siege of St. Quintin, in 1557; at
which Siege were taken Prifoners, the Con-
ftable Montmorency, Montheron his Son, with
the Dukes of Monpenfier and Longueville,
Lewis of Gonzaga, (afterwards Duke of
D 2 NeversJ

36 A Defcription of the Curiofities
NeversJ the Marihal of St. Andre, Admiral
Coligni, (who was afterwards murdered at
the Maffacre at Paris J and his Brother ; not
to mention John de Bourbon, Duke of
Anguieni who was found dead among the
Slain. Here are alfo fome of the Weapons
which were taken at the fame Time.
, A Pifture of the above-mentioned Earl
of Pembroke. By Hans Holbein.
A Picture of Capt. Bernard.
• r-i By J. E. Eccard.
At the Bottom of the Brown"
Stair-Cafe.
A Colofs Statue of Hercules. His
Action is to (hew fome of his Labours ; he
looks with an Air of Satisfaction that he has
compaffed the taking of the golden Apples,
three of which he (hews in one Hand. This
is not in a refting Pofture, as that of Far-
nefe.

'In Wi lton-House. 37
nefe. It was judged to be very curious,
and executed by one of the beft Sefulptors
of the oldeft Time.
Of the Tomb.
I (hall here tranfcribe the Account given
of it by Father Montfaucon, when it was in
the Pofleffion of Mr. Foucault.
1
THE Monument that follows, is one of
the fineft and moft inftructive that has been
ever feen : The Excellence of ? the Work,
and Correctnefs of the Defign, would ea-
fily inform Us it muft be a Piece of fome
Greek Artift, even though the Place where
it was firft difcovered, did not. It was a
Tomb near Athens, and was difcovered by
fome Travellers, who brought it over into
France, and prefented it to Cardinal Rich-
lieu; but the Cardinal dying in the mean
Time, it came into the Hands of one of
the Family of Roflaing, and from tha^
into Mr. Foucault 's.
The Tomb is of white Marble, fix Feet
four Inches long, and fwo Feet broad, and
P 3 about

38 A Defcription of the Curiofities
about the fame Height, taking in the Cover,
which is about two Inches and a half thick j
the Cover is raifed about one Foot higher
before, and is adorned with fome Figures
in Bafs -Relief, which relate to the Hiftory
reprefented below, as we (hall take Notice
of hereafter-. The inner Superficies of the
Tomb is plain, with a Rifing of about one
Inch in the Place where the Head of the
Deceafed (hould reft.
This is the Epitaph.
o^ATrraAmEm^poAEmi That is,
To the Gods the Manes. Antonia Va
leria hath made this Tomb for Aurelius
Epaphroditus her Hufband.
M. de Boze, Secretary of the Academy
of Belles Lettres, a fkilful Antiquary, hath
given a very ingenious and learned Expli
cation of this Monument; of which we
(hall here give an Abftract. CERES,

In Wl LTON - Hou SE. 39
CERES, ' angry for the Rape of her
Daughter, (efpecially becaufe the Gods had
conferited to it; rfcfolved to lead a wandering
Life among Men, and for this Purpofe af-
fumed a human Shape. She came to the
Haven Eleufis, and fat herfelf down on a
Stone. Cel'eus, King of the Eleufinians, per-
fuade's her to come and lodge in his Houfe.
His Son, Triptolemus, then an Infant, was
fifck, and for Want of Sleep, wis reduced
to the laft Extremity. Ceres, at her Arri
val, kiffed him, and by Virtue of that Kifs
only, reftofed him to Health : Not content
wifh doing this, (lie takes Care of his Edu
cation, and defigns to make him immortal ;
to this End (he nouri(hed him by Day with
her own divine Milk, and by Night puts
him under hot Embers, in order to burn
away all that was terreftial in his Body. The
Infant grew fo faft, that his Father, and
Mofhter, Meiartira, were curious fo fee what
was done to the Child ; Metdnira feeing
Ceres juft going to put the Child into the
Fire, cried out, and interrupted the God
defs in her Ddfigns ; then (he declared, who
D 4 me

40 A Defcription of the Curiofities
(lie was, gave Triptolemus a Chariot drawn
by two Dragons, and fent him through the
World to teach Mankind Agriculture, and
gave him Corn for that Purpofe. The E-
levfinians, who were the firft that applied
themfelves to Agriculture, inftitutedaFeaft
in Memory of it ; and the Goddefs herfelf
regulated the Ceremonies, and appointed
the four principal Men of the Town, Trip
tolemus, Diodes, Eumolpus, and Celeus, to
prefide over them : and this Inftitution of
the Rites, called Eleufnia, is the Thing re
prefented on the Tomb of Epapbroditus.
Ceres appears here fitting, and like an old
Woman, but her Age takes nothing from
the Majefty proper for a Goddefs. Her
Head-Drefs ends in a Peek, fomething rai
fed before ; and half her Head is covered
with a Veil, the ufual Drefs of the God-
deffes and Emprefles. The Stone, on which
(he fits, reprefents that on which Celeus
found her fitting, and oppreffed with Grief.
The Serpent is frequently pictured with
Ceres; the Goddefs holds a crooked Staff
in her Hand, that is a Scepter, and which we

In W I L T 0 N - H o u s e. 41
we find reprefented longer, and more ftrait,
in other antient Monuments. The four
Perfons about Ceres, are Celeus. and his Fa
mily. He appears at a Diftance from the
Goddefs, but his Daughter nearer; Meta-r
nira is ther,e too; they both have Ears of
Corn in their Hand, becaufe they were the
firft acquainted that (he was a Goddefs,
Triptolemus is mounted in his Chariot,
with a Cloak or Pallium over his Shoulder,
rather to hold the Corn he is going to fow,
than to cover himfelf : the Chariot is
drawn by two Dragons a-breaft. Beyond
Triptolemus's Chariot, two Women are pic-
tur'd with Torches in their Hands, fuch as
were ufeful for the Women to bear at the
Ceremonies of this Goddefs. The Man
between thefe two Women is Eumolpus, one
of the Perfons appointed by Ceres to pre
fide at her Myfteries, and in whofe Family
the Priefthood continued for twelve hun
dred Years. The Hierdphontee, of this Fa
mily of the Eumolpidce, were obliged to
Celibacy. Eumolpus leans one Hand on
one of the Women's Shoulders, and the o-
ther

42 A Defcription 6f the Curiofif ies
ther Hand on the other Woman's Shoulder.
The Child, holding Ears of Corn in his
Hand, denotes that Ceres's Gifts are of e-
very Age, and that even Children were ini
tiated into ner Myfteries. The Woman,
laft in this Piece, holds a Sickle in her
Hand, an Inftrument the Pagans believed
they owed to Geres, as alfo all others ufeful
in Agriculture.
This is all the Goddefs's Company on
one Side ; but behind her, there are other
Figures. Bacchus, the firft of them, leans
negligently on Ceres's Shoulder, and touches
a Vine full of Grapes with his other Hand;
the Crown of Vine Leaves, which he wears,
leaves us no Room to doubt that it is Bac
chus ; Ceres and Bacchus are (b frequently
joined together in the Myfteries, as well a-
mong the Romans, as the Greeks and 'Sici
lians, that it is not at all ftrange to meet
them together in this Monument. On the
Side of Bacchus a Man ftands with his Hair
in a Knot upon his Forehead, and his Ha
bit tied up twice with his Girdle; holding
a Whip

In Wilton-House. 43
a Whip in one Hand, and with his other
feizing the Reins of Horfes in a Chariot,
in order to ftop them. It is probable this,is
Diocles, one of the four that Ceres had ap
pointed to prefide at her Feafts ; and what
further fupports the Conjecture, is, that
Homer, when he names thefe four Perfons
in a Hymn, calls Diocles the Guider of the
Horfes. Befides, fince we have feen Celeus,
Eumolpus, and Triptolemus, three of thefe
four Perfons in the Company, can we think
Diocles, would be omitted? The Figure
that drives the Chariot, is Proferpine or
Diana, the Moon, according to Mytholo
gies, and who is frequently called by the
Poets Triple Hecate, with Reference to the
different offices (he performs under different
Names in Heaven, in Hell, and on Earth.
It may be proved, by fufficient Authorities,
that Proferpme partook of the Myfteries of
her Mother Ceres. The Bacchanalian under
the Chariot of ProJerpine hath laid herfelf
there, tired with long dancing, as was u-
fual in all Grecian Rites and Myflieries. This

44 A Defcription of the Cufiouties
This is the Explanation of the principal
Face of the Tomb. Wre come now to that
of the Cover or Lid, which exhibits the
four Seafons of the Year, reprefented by a
like Number of Women ; the Diverfity of
their Crowns and HabitSj and the- different
Fruits they hold, together with the Chil
dren or Genii with them, do accurately ex-
prefs the Variety of the Seafons. The Ar-
tift hath not placed the Figures in the ordi
nary Situation, but in an Order that makes
a fine Contraft in the whole, and gives more
Force and Spirit to the Compofition. Sum
mer, and Winter Seafons, oppofite to each
other, are reprefented by two Figures, one
at each Extremity ; the one lying down,
leaning from the Right towards the Left;
the other from the Left towards the Right ;
and between both of thefe, the Spring and
the Autumn are placed, as partaking equally
of both thofe Seafons. The four Genii are
placedin the fame Order.s The Summer is
pictured at one Extremity, lying down,'
leaning from the Right towards the Left,
half naked, crowned with Ears of Corn, and

In Wilton-House. 45
and touching others, which are tied up to
gether in the Cornucopia. The Genius by
her, touches the fame, and holds befides
a Reaping Hook in his Hand, denoting the
SeaforijOf Harveft.
The Winter, at the other Extremity, lies
down, leaning from the Left towards the
Right, in the Figure of a Woman cloathed
well, .and he;r Head covered with Part of,
her Robe ; (he ftretches out her Hand o-
ver fome other Fruits. The Genius before
her hath no. Wings^ feems to be cloathed
warm, and,holds a Hare* becaufe Hunt
ing is the only Exercife of the Field in this
Seafon. Autumn turns towards the Summer, is
crowned with Vine-Twifts and Bunches of
Grapes ; (he touches the Vine-Leaves with
one Hand, and her little Genius places
Grapes in her Cornucopia.
Laftly, that Part of her Body which is
next the Summer is naked, and that next
the Winter cloathed. - The

46 A Defcription of the CuriofitieS
The Spring, with her Back joined to Au
tumn, is reprefented in the Figure of a
Woman crowned with Flowers, with her
Cornucopia, which a Genius holds, filled
with, the fame. Her Foot, which (he ex
tends towards Winter, hath a Covering on,
and that Part of her Bread only is naked
which is turned towards the Summer.
The Torch, which is pictured on both
the- fmall Sides of the Tomb, is fo frequently
reprefented in Funeral Monuments, that it
is fufficient to convince us they were as
much in Ufe at the Funerals of thofe Times,
as they are in thefe of the prefent Age.
The Two Griffins and the Tripos are the
Symbols of Apollo, whofe Head is pictured
at each End of the Tomb, denoting him to
be the Tutelar God of Epaphroditus.
There ftands upon this Tomb, a Corofs
Buft of Alexander the Great, of the
beft Greek Sculpture ; Medufds Head is on
the Breaft-Plate, and a Lion's Face appears
on the Helmet, which has a particular
Creft on it. Under

In W i l t o n - House. 47 ,
Under the Tomb lafi mentioned.
A little Statue pf a crouched Bacchus.
A fmall Tomb, fuppofed for Children :
There are two Cupids on the Front, fup-
porting a Circle which projects ; under the
Circle are two Baikets, lying Side-ways,
\yith Fruit in them ; a Lion at each Bas
ket, 3s going to devour the Fr-uit : At the
Ends of the. Front are alfo two Cupids.;
they look very fftmpvfulj with one Hand
upon their Breaft, the other Hand holding
a Torch, with the lighted End downward.
Thereis a Griffin at each End of the Tomb 5
a Statue of Cupid lying afleep upon the
forefaid Tomb ; another Cupid looking on
him, .,-.,-
In the two Windows of the Stair-Cafe
painted by Reifchootj and, in four
Niches, (one on each Side of the
Windows) are Six Statues.
In the firjl Window is,
The Statue of Mercury, with all his
Symbols ; his Petjafi*s„ or winged. Cap ; the
Talaria,

'48 A Defcription of the Curidfities
Talaria, or Wings to his Feet ; his Wand,
with his two Serpents about it, which they
call his Caduceus ; and a Purfe in his Hand.
Thefe Attributes denote his Employment,
that of Meffenger of Jupiter, and the
greater Deities. His Cap is the fame whieh
the Servants of old wore : the Wings to
it might be taken off; and from Plaiitus'%
•Amphitryon we learn, that fometimes there
were only two Feather's ftuek in it. The
Roman Meffengers generally ftucka Feather
in their Caps* and often in the Letter hfelf,
as may be. obferved from" the fourth Satire
of Juvenal. On Gems, we frequently fee
•his Chlamys floating behind him in the Air.
By the flying back of the Drapery, the Ar-
tifts mark the Motion of a Perfon going on
fwiftly.
In the Niche on your Left-Hand.
Saturn, with a Child fmiling on his
Hands, as it looks up at him ; not as fome,
(efpecially of the Moderns) who have made
a cruel Spectacle, by reptefenting him as
actually eating the Child. This Fiction;
according

• <¦ "In Wilton- House. 4^
according to Le Clerc, in his Remarks on
Hefiod, was founded upon a Cuftom Saturn
Jbad of banifhing or confining his Children,
for fear they fhould one Day rebel againft
him. The Stone, which he is faid to fw al
low, was founded on the double Meaning
of the Word Aben or Eben, which in the
Phenician Language fignifies both a Stone
and a Child ; and only means that Saturn
was deceived, by Rhea's fubftituting another
Child in the Place of Jupiter.
In the Niche on your Right- Hand.
The Statue of Jupiter Ammon, from
Thrace, not only with Rani's Horns, but
with a Ram on his Shoulders ; it came out
of the Temple, faid to be built there by
Sefoflris. The prefent Bifhop of Glocefler
has proved the very remote Antiquity of
Egypt, and that Civilization was thoroughly
eftablifhed there fo early as the Days of
Abraham. Neverthelefs, their Wifdom and
great Improvements in every Art and Sci
ence, did not prevent their lapfing into the
E grofleft

50 A Defcription of the Curiofities
groffeft Idolatry ; they adored the vileft A-
nimals with an Excefs of Superftition. As
Greece was peopled from thence by three
Colonies, led at different Times by Cecrops,
Cadmus, and Danaus, fo they introduced
the religious Sentiments of their Country,
and among others the Adoration of Jupiter
Ammon, who is here reprefented with Ram's
Horns, and a Ram on his Shoulders, which
Animal was worfhipped by the Egyptians,
and by them made one of the Signs of the
Zodiac.
In the other Window.
The Statue of Bacchus, clad with an
entire Skin, the Head of which appears on
the Breaft ; his Sandal is fixed in a Manner
differing from others.
In the Niche on your Left-Hand.
A Shepherd playing on the Flute, ad
mired for the Action of his Fingers ; a Goat
(landing by him. In

In Wilton-House, 51
In the other Niche%
The Fofter Father of Paris, with the
Phrygian Bonnet and Shepherd's Coat of
Skins.

E 2 PASSAGE

§Z A Defcription of the Curiofities

PASSAGE to the
White Marble-Table Room.
Begin on your Left-Hand.
X H E Bufto of Ptolemy, Brother of
Cleopatra.
The Statue of Marcus Antonius, the
Orator, very much admired. His right
Arm is bare, as antiently was ufual with
the Roman Pleaders. The Drapery of his
Cloathing is well difpofed and executed,
and the Air of his Countenance has all that
Livelinefs which is attributed to him by
antient Writers.
The Statue of a Boy holding up the gol
den Apple in his right Hand. The

In W i l t o n - H o u s e. 53
The Statue of Clio, the Mufe. She
holds a Roll, as prefiding over Hiftory.
The Bufto of Phocian, the famous
Athenian General.
The Bufto of Dollabella.
The Father of Julius Caesar, when
povernor in Egypt.
Hercules killing the Serpents, which
were fent to deftroy him in his Cradle,
Artifts have (hewn great Fancy in the va
rious Ways of reprefenting this Story.
Sometimes the young Hero has a Smile on
his Face, as if pleafed with the Colour and
Motion of the Serpents y and fometimes
the Steadinefs and ftrong Gripe of the In
fant are expreffed, as here.
Assinius Pollio. This Bufto has a
very elegant turn of the Neck, with ftrong
Expreflion of the Mufcles. .
The Bufto of Coriolanus. E 3 On

54 A Defcription of the Curiofities
On a Pedejlal.
A young Bacchus fmiling, and Grapes
growing up a Tree.
The Statue of AdonTs : He was an Idol
of Syriai and the fame as Thammuz ; the
Lamentation of whom is condemned by the
Prophet Ezekiel. He is reprefented as a
very beautiful Youth, and is faid to have
made Gardens pleafant by pruning. Here
he has a pruning Knife ; hence the Proverb,
Adonidi Horti. Over the Doors.
The Bufto of the Emperor Nerva.
The Bufto of Griphina, Daughter of
Ptolemy Evergetes.

STATUES

Zs WlLTON-H'ODSE. ' ' 55

STATUES and BUSTOS
IN THE
White Marble-Table Room.
In the Window.

T.

HE Statue of Isis : She has the
Flower of the Lotus on her Head ; is in a
Pofition bending, and her Legs and Arms
appear round ; not as commonly in Egyp
tian Statues, which are (trait and , formal,
(hewing only the Feet.* This was reckoned
tfaeoldeit, and by the Mazarine Catalogue
the only one known with that Improvement.
It is a Group ; holding betwixt her Knees,
Ofiris her Hufband, in a Coffin open, in
one of whofe Hands is a paftoral Staff ; this
was the antient fatherly Scepter, and anfwers
to the Crofier with the Clergy. In the o-
E 4 ther

56 A Defcription of the Curiofities
ther Hand he has an Inftrument of Dis
cipline, like a Whip, the Symbol's of Power
to protect and punifh, On his Head is the
antient Diadem, or Mitre, being Triple,
yet not as the Pope's'' Crown, but rather
like the Mitre of Bifhops, only with three
Points inftead of two at the Top. — Orus,
her Son, is about her Neck. Thefe were
the moft antient Divinities. There are nu
merous Hieroglyphicks round the Bottom,
and behind the Statue, which at any Time
may be taken off, by applying to them ftiff
Paper moiftened, and preffed with a Bod
kin- One Mr. Pulleine, my Lord informs
us, was the firft who practifed this Manner
at Rome] and from him the celebrated An
tiquary, Fabretti, learned it. The latter
took off a Port-Folio of Hetrufcan Infcrip
tions, which he made a prefent of to our
Royal Society. The Statue is of Theban
Iron Stone; fo called, becaufe of the Co
lour. It is heavier and harder than Marble,
Over the Doors,
The Bufto of Hesiod.
The Bufto of Phaedra, • A

In Wi lton -House. $j
A white Marble Table, ten Feet and
eight Inches long, four Feet and fix Inches
wide, four Inches thick.-— On it is a dying
Gladiator. By Verepoil.
A large Alto Relievo of a Veftal Virgin,
engraved in Montfaitcon,
The following Infcription is on the Relief.
Vest^e Sacrum.
C. Pupius Firminus et
Mudasena Trophime
Iani Parthici
Divi Nerv^e. Pronep.
T. Aelio Hadriano.
Antonino. Aug. Pio.
Pont. Max. Trib. Potest. VII.
Imp. II. Cos. II. P. P.
She holds in her right Hand a Simpu
lum ; in her left a Spear. Her Head is not
veiled, as in fome Coins. The Simpulum
is the Mark of her Priefthood. Pictures

58 A Defcription of the Curiofities
Pictures in the fame Room.
Begin with thai next the Window on your
Right- Hand.
Sir Charles Hotham. By Richardson.
Barbara, Countefs of Pembroke, fe
cond Wife to Earl Thomas, with her Daugh
ter Lady Bab. Herbert, afterwards married
to Mr. North. , -
The late Duke of Montague. By Dahh
Lady Rockingham.
By Sir Peter Lely.
Four of the Royal Family. By Zimmen.
Mary, Countefs of Pembroke, laft
Wife to Earl Thomas. By Jervi/e. NEW

In W i lton- Hou se. 35)

NEW DINING-ROOM.
Begin the Pictures with that oppofite the Door
as you enter, from Top to Bottom, on your
Left -Hand.
l\ Friar and Nun.
2. By Aldegraaf.
A Nativity.
3. By Triga.
The late Duke of Marlborough.
By Reynolds.
A Fruit Piece.
By Mich. Angelo Carravaggio.
A Landskip.
By Zuccarelli.
.Jupiter, Cupid, and Psyche.
3. By Giufeppe Arigoni. A

60 A Defcription of the Curiofities
A Drawing of the late Lord and Lady
Pembroke. By Reynolds.
A Copy of Mich. Angelo's Bacchus, in
the Florentine Gallery. A Compofition,
call'd Scaliola. By Gori.
A Landskip. By E. Wilfon.
Three of Diana's Nymphs bathing,
Aftceon looking at them. s
5. By Giufeppe del Sole.
Commodore Hervey. By Reynolds.
A Boy gathering Fruit.
2. By Mich. Angelo Pacci di Campi Doglio.
A Flower Piece. By Mrs. Cerjat.
Our Saviour in the Temple. By Salviati. An

in W I lt.on- Ho u s e. 6i
An old Woman reading. 3. By Rembrandt.
A Herdfman and Cattle, big as the Life.
2. By Rofa di Tivoli.
A Landskip.
By Vernef.
A Winter Piece.
4. By Jans. Brugel Velvet.
A Landskip, With Hagar, Ifhtnael, and
the Angel. 3. By Nich. and Gafpar Pouffin.
Two whole Lengths of the Kings of
France, Francis II. and Charles IX.
By Fred. Zucchero.
Fifh, and an old Woman feeding her
Cat. t 4« By Snyder.
A Carpet, and Boar's Head.
'¦'•"¦ " 2. By Maltefe.
fe> A

6z A Defcription of the Curiofities
A Winter Piece.
'4. By Mumper and Brugel.
t
A Fair.
3. By Jans. Brugel Velvet.
Christ in the Virgin's Arms; three
Angels looking on. 3. By Carlo Marat ti.
Three Children of King Henry VII.
Arthur, Prince of Wales; Henry, about
three Years old, who was afterwards King
Henry VIII. and Margaret, who married
the King of Scotland.
4. By Hans Holbein, the Father.
9
A Country Boy, as big as Life, with a
Bird's Neft in his hand ; at a Diftance a
Cow bemoaning her Calf. 4. By Ant. Amorqfi.
Cupid, giving a Boy fome Fr%it and
Flowers. By Car. di Fiori. A

'/b Wilton-House. 63
A Flower Piece. By Mrs. Cerjat.
The Duke of Epernon on Horfeback.
By Vandyke.
The Rev. Mr. Woodroffe. By Hoare, of Bath.
Bacchus, on an Altar in the Wood;
many Figures about it, celebrating his
Mifteries, and (hewing great Spirit in dif
ferent Poftures. The Light darts through
the Wood in a pleafing Manner.
1. By Salvator Rofa.
The late Sir Andrew Fountaine.
\ By Hoare, ot Bath.
- The Virgin and our Saviour ; Jofepb
looking on. 2. By Guercino.
Bacchus and Ariadne. By Fran. Molas.
Nymphs dancing, and differently em
ployed. By Watteux. Thirty

64. A Defcription of the Curiofities
Thirty of the chief Reformers ; their
Names are on a ftone in the Bottom of the
Landfkip. Wickliff is fuppofed to be the
-Preacher; the Bifhops are in Purple, the
Priefts in Black, and the Martyrs in White,
diftinguifhed by Purple and Black about
their Necks. , By a Difciple of Car. Maratti.
Over the Glajfes.
The Bufto of Curius Dentatus.
The Bufto of Otho ; very rare ; the firft
who wore a Peruke.
On the Chimney Piece.
The Bufto of Thomas Earl of Pem
broke, who collected all thefe Antiques.
-The Bufto of Lord Verulam.
The Bufto of Sir Isaac Newton.
Two Red Egyptian Granate Tables.
F. I.
Long, 4 n? ,
Wide, 3 ; J each. THE

In W I L T 0 N - H O U S E. 65
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The CHAPEL-ROOM,
#<?£/* to/V/6 a Table on your Right-Handt
V^lALLED Lumachelld, from its being a
Petrifaction of Shells, which belonged to a
Temple, and was for thejacrificingof leffef
Animals, as Birds, &c. That the Blood
might not run over the Edges, it has a re
markable Channel, big enough to lay one's
Finger in; round the outermoft Edge of
the four Sides of the Flat next the Mould
ing, and in the Middle of one of the Chan*
nels, is a Hole for the Blood to run through.
Upon the foregoing Table, is a Bufto of
Isoc RATES.
The Bufto of Titus Livius.
A very fine Greek Statue of a River, -re
prefented by a beautiful Naid (or River
F Nymph)

l66 A Defcription of the Curiofities
Nymph) deeping on the Bank, with a gen
teel Turn of her Body, the Linen covering
her very decently. This is probably the
River called in Scripture the River of Egypt,
tranflated in the Septuagint Rhinocolura, and
is the Boundary between Egypt and Pales
tine. In the Front a Bird holds a Lizard
by the' Tail: It has a Tuft of Feathers on
its Head, and is like a fmall fpeckled Bird
in Egypt, almoft as large as a Dove, which
is called Ter Chaous, i. e. the Meffenger
Bird ; it fpreads the Tuft of Feathers on
its Head very beautifully, when it alights
on the Ground. Another Lizard is going
away, and a Snail is near it, exactly like the
Snail of Palefline. A Bird, like a Duck,
has a Serpent in its Mouth.
An Equeftrian Statue of Marcus Au-
relius, made at Athens, and fo efteemed,
that the Sculptor was fent for to Rome to
make that which is there in Copper, as big
as the Life — The Perfon is in the fame
Pofture, but this has a Macedonian Horfe,
fmall, and of Marble : To prevent the
breaking,'

tn W i lton-Hou S E. 61/
breaking, Cardinal Mazarine had one Side
cemented to a Marble which comes out at
the Bottorri, fquared as a Pavement, on
which the Horfe is as walking.
This (lands upon a Porphyry Table, with
a Border round it, of the antient yellow
Marble (Giallo AnticoJ and alfo of the ari-
tient Green (Verde antico.J
A Figure recumbent, leaning on a Sea-
Dog, and feprefenting the River Meander.
i
The Bufto of AnachArsis, a Scythian
Philofopher, who came to Athens, where
he was greatly efteemed. The Head of
this Bufto is bald, as Hiftorians fay the
Scvthians were'.
0 The Bufto of S^enecA.
The Bufto of Socrates:
In the Firfl Window.
A fcjuare Altar; Each of the four Sides
has a Divinity ; Jupiter, Mars, Diana, and
F 2 Jun0'

68 A Defcription of the Curiofities
Juno. This was one of thofe Altars for a
private Room, which they ufed to have in
their Houfes, in order to facrifice to fuch
Deities as they made their Lares, and Pe
nates. The Bufto of Martin Folkes, Efq.
of Hillington, in Norfolk, and Prefident of
the Royal Society in the Year 1749.
By Roubiliac.
The Bufto of Aristophanes.
The Bufto of Sir Andrew Fountain.
By Roubiliac.
In the Second Window.
An antient Greek triangular Altar, dedi
cated to Bacchus; on one Side, Silenus
holds a Torch inverted in his right Hand,
and in his left a Canifter full of Fruit; on
another Side is an Attendant of Bacchus,
dancing, with one Foot up, and a Thyr
fus in his right Hand ; in his left, a Bowl ;
and

In Wilton-!House. 69
and the Skin of a Beaft on his Arm : On
the other Side is a Bacchus, dancing, in a
long thin Garment.
The Bufto of Pxato; of great Anti
quity, and moft reverend Afpect.
The Bufto of Homer.
The Bufto of Aristotle;
The Bufto of Anacreon.
On a Table of antique Oriental Ala-
bafier (Alabaftro Orientale) of one
folid Piece, of great Value.
A Group : Cupid and Ganymede. —
Ganymede is fitting, and refting againft the
Stump of a Laurel ; the Leaves (hew that
it is an -Alexandrian Laurel; the fame as
we fee on antient Medals ; not the ftiff,
large leaved Laurel, which adorns modern
Kings in their Coins, from a Miftake of
what the Antients ufed. It is rare to fee
the diftinct Form of feven Pipes, as here
F 3 ex-

79 A Defcription of the Cpriofities
expreffed. Cupid is very attentively look
ing on, and reaching his Hand out towards
the Pipes, as if to inftrudt Ganymede how
to play.

PICTURES in this Room.
Begin on your Left- Hand.

JDUildin

gs Perfpective, and Figures,
By Sabas and Marco Ricci.

An old Woman teaching School. By Oflade,
A Multitude of Figures at a Fair. By Cqjleels.
Venus leading Cupid and the Graces to
fee Vulcan and others forging Arrows Heads
for Cupid. By Alex. Turco Venoreffe. A

In W I L T 0 N -H O US E. Jj
A Drawing of a young Woman.
By Ludovico Caracci.
A Drawing of St. Andrew going to the
Crofs. By Guido Rheni.

A Saint.

By Carlo Dolci.

A Drawing of the Molten Calf, with
a Number of Figures. By Tintoretto,
A Drawing of St. Stephen ftoned. By Barocci,

Leo the Xth.

A favourite Dog.

By Raphael.

By Wootton.

Lord Cromwell.

F4

By Holbein. Views

72 A Defcription of the Curiofities
Views of Lincoln's-Inn, and Covent-
Garden. By Scot.
Vandyke's Picture. By Himfelf.
f Over the Doors.
The Bufto of Sulpitia, the Poetefs ;
(he wrote a Satyr on Domitian's banifliing
the Philofpphers from Rome.
The Bufto of Libert as.
The Bufto of Domitia.
On the Window in the Chapel are
pamted,
William, Earl of Pembroke, and
his two Sons, Henry and Edward. Henry,
the eldeft, who fucceeded his Father, mar
ked Mary, Sifter to Sir Philip Sidney, by
whom

In W i lt on -House. 73
whom he had two Sons, William and Philip ;
William, in the Reign of King Charles the
Firft, was Lord Steward; Philip fucceeded
him in the Earldom, arid was Lord Cham
berlain to King • harks the Firft; Edward,
the youngeft, was Anceftor of the Powis
Family. In another Pannel is the Countefs
of Pembroke, who was Ann Parr, Sifter to
Queen Catherine, the laft Wile to King
Henry VIII. There is with her, their
Daughter, whofe Name was Ann, married
to Francis, Earl of Shrewfbury.
Over the Door.
The Bufto of Libera, fheFemaleDi-
vinity of Intemperence.
Over the Chimney-Piece,
Mary Fitzwilliam, Countefs of
Pembroke.
By Roubiliac.
Wheri

74 A Defcription of the Curiofities
When you enter the South Front towards
the Garden, (which whole Front is a beau
tiful Building of Inigo Jones) pafs through
the Cube-Room into the Hunting-Room, the
laft Room at the weftern End of that Front.

********* ******* ***** *** *

THE

In Wi l t o n- H9 u se. y^
><0<><X>O<XK>O<X><X>O<X)OO<XXX>C>C< ¦¦:¦ ' ' "1 i
/
- • /
THE
HUNTING-ROOM.
Begin with the Buftos on your Left-Hand.
1 HE Bufto of Vibius Volutianus.
The Bufto of Anton 1 a, Wife of Dru-
fus, the Elder; The Linen of this Buft is
very natural,
The Bufto of Alexander Severus.
The Bufto of Berenice, the Mother 5
her Hair in a particular Manner.
The Bufto of Berenice, the Daughter.
The Bufto of Julia, Daughter of Titus.
The Bufto of Anna Faustina, third
Wife of Heliogabalus ; very fine, like that
pf Antonia. In

y6 A Defcription of the Curiofitles
In a Niche over the Chimney.
The Statue of Bacchus. Very fine an
tient Sculpture, adorned in a particular Man
ner with Poppies ; the Poppies hang as a
Belt from both Shoulders, as low as the
Knees. The Bufto of Sappho, with the Bandage,
as deified, of the fineft Marble, like Ivory;
the laft Perfection of Greek Sculpture ;
white as at firft making , becaufe (with fe
veral here) found in a Vault.
The Bufto of Titus.
The Bufto of Faunus.
The Bufto of Jupiter.
The Bufto of Tullia.
On the Pannels of the Wainfcot are
painted eighteen different Sorts of Hunting.
By Tempefla, Junior.
BUSTOS

In Wilton-House. yy
BUSTOS and STATUES
IN THE
CUBE-ROOM.
Begjn with the Buftos on your Left-Hand.

Ti

H E Bufto of Massinissa, King of
Numidia ; with the African Bonnet on his
Head, and the Head of Medufa, and the
upper Parts of two Dragons on his Breaft-
Plate : between the Dragons is a Plant,
probably the Silphium, for which Numidia
was famous.
The Bufto of Aventinus, Son of Her
cules ; the Head of a Lion's Skin making
the Covering for his Head, and the two
fore Paws tied in a Knot upon his right
Shoulder; an elegant Performance. The
Peculiarity of this Hero's Drefs, agrees
with the Defcription Virgil has given of
him in the feventh JEneid ': Great

78 A Defcription of the Curiofifies
Great Aventinus, great Alcides' Son*
Wore the proud Trophy that his Father won.
He flalk'd before his Hofl, and wide defpread
A Lion's Teeth grinn'd horrid o'er his Head;
Then fought the Palace in a ftrange Attire,
And look'd as flern and dreadful as his Sire.
Pitt, B. 7. L. 838.
The Bufto of Trajan; the Head, Buft,
and Plinth, of Parian Marble, the Face
and Neck only polifhed.
The Bufto of Matidia.
The Bufto of Metellus, without a
Beard, by a very fine Greek Sculptor, all of
a Piece down to the Navel ; the only one
which (hews the Ornament of a Chain,
which is of very rich Work. On his Breaft-
Plate is an Elephant, and a Laurel round the
outfide of it. The Confular Medal of Me
tellus has likewife an Elephant on the Re-
verfe, but the Head of that is bearded, fup
pofed to be a Divinity, with the Name only
of Metellus. The Elephant is added, in
Memory of the Victory he gained over Ju-
gurtha,

In Wi lto n - Hou s E. 79
gurthd, King of Numidia, upon which he
obliged him to deliver up all his Elephants
to the Romans.
The Bufto of Marcellus the younger.
On a Table qfjafper Agate, (Diafpro Agate)
which is very beautiful, are the three fol
lowing: A little Statue of Bacchus, with Grapes,
and with a Snake, the peculiar Symbol of
the Egyptian Bacchus, who invented Medi
cine, and was faid to be the Sun and Apollo.
The Statue of Diana of Ephefus ; the
Head, Hands, and Feet, black, the reft
white Marble, as defcribed by Pliny ; pro
bably of the fame Form as the Statue of
Diana of Ephefus, mentioned in the Acts
of the Apoftles. It is engraved in Mont-
faucon's firft Volume. In the Statues of
the Ephefan Diana, more Symbols are ob-
fervable in fome, than in others. They
exhibit Crabs, Oxen, or Bulls, Lions,
griffins, Harts, Sphinxes, Infects, Bees,
Branches

80 A Defcription of the Curiofities
Branches of Trees, Rofes, and fometimes
human Figures, all united together. In
the Explication of thefe, there is a Diverfity
of Opinions among the Learned. Many
think, that under them is (hadowed, the
Nature of Things, the World itfelf, or that
generative Energy, which is the Parent of
every Thing earthly. The Infcriptions on
many of thefe Statues feem to imitate as
much.— — >Diana of Ephefus may be con-
fidered as a Pantheon including the Symbols
of many Deities ; the Turret on her Head
relates to Cybele, as alfo the Lions ; the
Fruits and Oxen to Ceres ; the Griffins to
Apollo; the Harts to Diana; and the Can
cer is a Sign of the Zodiac.
The Statue of an antient Prieft, with a
Phrygian Cap, facrificing a Hog to lfis.
An Alto Relievo of Pyrrhus, the Son
of Achilles. It is an Oval, and has a fplen-
did Afpe<5t, as of a very large Gem ; the
Face is Porphyry, which the Cardinal Ma
zarine fo much valued, as to finifh his Drefs
with a Helmet of different coloured Marble. The

In Wi lton-Hou s E. 81
The Bufto of Vespasian.
The Bufto of Pyrrhus, King of Epirus;
with a noble Air. There is a Dragon on
the Helmet; and on his Breaft-Platea Head
with Wings, like the Head of a Bat.

PICTURES in this Room.
Begin between the two laft Buftos.
Mrs. KlLLIGREW,

;grew, "1
ON, J

/Celebrated Beauties.
Mrs. Mortc By Vandyke.
Mr. James Herbert, and his Wife.
By Sir Peter Lely.
The Earl and Countefs of Bedford. By Vandyke.
The Countefs of Pembroke, (Mother
of Earl Thomas) and her Sifter.
By Sir Peter Lely.
G Henry

82 A Defcription of the Curiofities •
Henry Earl of Pembroke, (Father 'of
the prefent Earl) when about feventeen
Years old. By Sir Godfrey Kneller.
Over the Chimney Piece.
William Earl of Pembroke, elder
Brother to Earl Thomas. By Sir Peter Lely.
.Lady Catharine, eldeft Daughter to
Earl Thomas, (married to Sir Nicholas Mor-
rice) and her Brother, Mr. Robert Herbert.
By Sir. Godfrey Kneller.
Thomas Earl of Pembroke, when
Lord High Admiral. By Wifjing.
Our Saviour, and the Woman of Sa
maria. I. By Giufeppe Chiari.
The Countefs of Pembroke, firft Wife
of Earl Thomas. By Wiffing. The

In Wilton -Hou s e. v 8 f\
The Virgin, Our Saviour, and Jpfeph
reading: There are alfo feveral Boys in
different Actions. i. By Gennari.
In the Ceiling*
Daedalus and Icarus.
i. By Giufeppe Arpind*
¦ A Table inlaid with Specimens of 135
different Sorts of Antique Agates and
Marbles. On it, ,a Group of eleven Figures ; very-
fine Sculpture.
On the bottom Pannels of this Rodrri Is
painted the Hiftory of the Countefs of
Pembroke's Arcadia, written by Sir Phi
lip Sidney. By the Brother of Signor Tomafo*

.::/¦.«*

G 2 Pictures,

84 A Defcription of the Curiofities
Pictures, Buftos, and Tables
IN THE
GREAT ROOM.
1 HE celebrated FAMILY PICTURE :
Confifting of ten whole Lengths. The two
principal Figures (and thefe are fitting) are
Philip Earl of Pembroke, and his Lady;
on their right Hand ftand their five Sons,
Charles Lord Herbert, Philip, (afterwards
Lord Herbert) William, James, and John ;
on their left, their Daughter Anna Sophia,
and her Hufband, Robert, Earl Carnarvon;
before them Lady Mary, Daughter of
George Duke of Buckingham, and Wife
to Charles Lord Herbert ; and above in the
Clouds, are two Sons and a Daughter,
who died young. This, and all the other
Pictures in this Room, are By Vandyke. A half

In W I LT o n - Hou s e. 85
A half Length of King Charles I.
A half Length of his Queen.
A whole Length of William Earl of
Pembroke, Lord Steward.
A whole Length of the firft Lady of the
fecond Earl Philip.
Three Children of King Charles I.
Whole Lengths of the Dutchefs of
Richmond, (firft married to Charles Lord
Herbert) and Mrs. Gibfon the Dwarf.
A whole Length of the Duke of Rich
mond and Lenox.
A half Length of the Countefs of Cas-
TLEHAVEN. A half Length of the fecond Earl Philip.
Two large Pier Glaffes.
F. I.
6 7 high,

J- in the Plate.

4 7 wide, G 3 Under

86 A Defcription of the Curiofities
Under the one,
A Red Egyptian Granite Table.
F. I.
Long, - 4 9
Wide, i io
On it a Nuptial Vafe, reprefenting the
whole Ceremony of a Greek Wedding, from
the Beginning of the Sacrifice to the wafh-
ing of the Bride's Feet> it is very fine
Work.  -Before any Marriage could be
folemnized, the Gods were confiilted, and
their Afliftance implored by Prayers and
Sacrifices, which were ufually offered by
the Parents or Relations of the Parties.
When the Victim was opened, the Entrails
were carefully infpected ; and if any un
lucky Omen appeared, the former Contract
was diffolved, as difpleafing to the Gods. —
Torches were carried before the Bride, in
her Paffage to her Hufband's Houfe; Sing
ers and Dancers attended ; and a fumptuous
Banquet was prepared. Before the Bride
$rent to Bed, (he bathed her Feet in Water,
fetched.

In W I L T O N - H o u s e. 87
fetched from the Fountain CalUrbce. This
feems to have been a Cuftom peculiar to
the Athenians, as we learn from Ariftopha-
nes ; and hence we may conclude, that this
curious Nuptial Vafe was the Workman-
(hip of fome Artift in that City.

Under the other,

A Lapis

Lazuli Table.

F.

I.

Long,

5

1

Wide,

2

2

On it a Roman Urn ; Variety of very
fine Work all round it, of Figures, Foli
ages, Birds, 85c.
The Paintings in the Ceiling reprefent
feveral Stories of Perfeus; as, particularly,
the cutting off Medufa's Head, and the re
lieving of Andromeda. The great Oval, in
the Middle of thefe, (hews a very natural
Sedion of a Temple in Perfpective, feeing
G 4 the

88 A Befcription of the Curiofities
the Sky thro' a, round Top. It plainly re
lates to Perfeus, becaufe it (hews the fame
Face and Drefs as in the former. There is
a Prieft, in great Concern, at the Altar;
it is Perfeus, to revenge himfelf on Poly-
detles, for the Injuries offered to his Mo
ther and Diclys, whom he found at the Al
tar; whither they had been forced to fly
for Sanctuary from his Violence. By Signor Tomafo.
Begin iviib the Buftos on your Left-Hand.
The Bufto of Marcellus, the famous
Conful. The Bufto of Drusus, the elder Bro
ther of Tiberius.
The Bufto of Lucius Verus Cjesar.
The Bufto of Marcus Brutus, of the
beft Greek Sculpture.
The Bufto of Caius C^sar ; upon a
Table

In Wilton-House. 89
Table of the Verde Antico, or green antique
Marble. The Bufto of Didius Julianus:
The Bufto of Lucius Verus, when
Emperor. The Bufto of Lucius Caesar, Brother
to Caius Ccefar, on an Agate- Table. This
Perfon, and Caius, were Sons of Julia,
Daughter of the Emperor Auguftus, and
Scribonia.
The Bufto of Julius Cjesar; Oriental
Alabafter, noted, as may be feen by what
is faid of it in Valetta's Collection. The
Marble of the Breaft-Plate is of the Colour
of Steel. The Bufto of Antinous.
The Bufto of Septimus Severus.
The Bufto of Horace, in Porphyry \
mentioned alfo in Valetta's Collection : Fa-
bretti

90 A Defcription of the Curiofities
bretti in his Comment gives good Reafons
for its being Horace.
The Bufto of Marcus Aurelius.
The Bufto of Antoninus Pius, of the
beft Greek Sculpture. On this Buft, as alfo
on feveral others in this Room, may be feen
the true Habit that the Emperors wore
when they appeared in various Colours;
different coloured Marbles being chofen
for that Purpofe.
The Bufto of Cicero, of Touchftone,
with the Mark of the Cicer, or Vetch, on
his Face ; from which he had the Name
of Cicero.
The following Buftos are all of white Marble ;
and the Terms upon which the Buftos ftand
in this Room, ' are fne Jafper, and Mar
bles, many of which are antient.
The Bufto of Artemis, or Diana:
Her Hair tied behind her, not to hinder her
(hooting : The Air of the whole Buft is
like

In Wilton-House. 91
like the upper Part of the celebrated Sta
tue of this Goddefs, and thought to be
by the fame Sculptor. This (as feveral
others) has, in Greek Characters, the Name
infcribcd on it : It is of moft excellent
Greek Workmanfhip.
The Bufto of Lucanus; the Head and
Buft of Parian Marble; fine Sculpture.
On the Bottom of the Buft is a Pegafus,
Qyintilian, in his Inftitutions, gives him
this Character : — Lucanus ardens & concita-
tus & fententiis clariffimus, Qf ut dicam,
quod fentio, magis Oratoribus quam Poetis
imitandus. The Pegafus then is happily expreflive of
the Poet's rapid and fublime Genius; he
is fure to rant whenever he gets into a
Battle, or Sea Engagement; and yet he
is to be admired for fo many fine philofo-
phical Paffages to be met with in his
Works ; and for his generous Sentiments ;
particularly, on the Love of Liberty, and
Contempt of Death: Thefe, perhaps, he

92 A Defcription of the Curiofities
he owed to his Uncle Seneca, and his
Mafter Cornutus.
The Bufto of Cassandra, Daughter
of Priam: She was a Prophetefs, and had
a Temple ; and therefore wears a peculiar
Head-Drefs, with feveral Bandages.
The Bufto of Ammonius; on it is the
following Infcription :
OAYMniAS v S. K. 0.
A M M ON I O S.
The Olympiad 229, anfwers to the Year
of Chrift 137. Buftos were frequently erec
ted to remarkable Victors in the Olympic,
and other Games ; but this is the only
one known with the Olympiad marked
on it. Chronologers mention, Ammonius
Alexandrinus, alias Epidaurus, fuit Vic
tor ftadii.
The Bufto of Augustus, of Parian
Marble. The Bufto of Germanicus. The

In Wilton-House. 93
The Bufto of Prusias, King of Bithy-
nia; excellent Sculpture.
The Bufto of Scipio Asiaticus.
The Bufto of (Caracalla.
The Bufto of Yitellius.
The Bufto of Alcibiades.

£#X

PICTURES

94 A Defcription of the Quriofities

PICTURES and BUSTOS
I N
The LOBBY.
Begin the Pictures oppofite the Door, and
to your Left.
X HE Decollation of St. John. The
Painter is an Honour to the Englifh Na
tion. This Picture is fo finely painted,
and with fuch ftrong Expreflions, as to
make him inferior to few of the beft Italian
Mafters. King Charles the Firft called him
the Englifh Tintoret. Sir Peter Lely reck
oned this the chief Hiftorical Picture that
he did. 2. By Dobfon.
Variety of Fruits; Vines growing up
a Pomegranate-Tree, and two Vintage People

/« Wilton-House; 95
People as big as the Life. Michael Angelo, '
the Painter of this Picture, was famous for
travelling Figures ; of which Sort one may
here fee at a Diftance, a Man driving an
Afs. Sir Robert Gere gave his Widow three
hundred Piftoles for this Piece; it being a
favourite of her Hufband's, which he kept
for Himfelf. He painted the Figures, that
are as big as the Life, which was not ufual
for him, as in moft of his Pictures they
were put in by other Painters.
1 . By Michael Angelo delta Battaglia.
A Piece of Still Life;— of Fowls,
and a young Boar. 3. By Gabriel Salci.
Neptune and Amphytrite ; with fe
veral other Figures. 1 . By Luca Giordano.
A Nativity.
By Taddeo, and Fred. Zucchero.
i 1
Two Pictures, compofed of different
Sorts of Marble, out of the Duke of Flo
rence's

96 A Defcription of the Curiofities
rence'i Collection. This work is called,
in Italian, Pietra Comeffa.
A Country Family; a Man and his Wife,.
and two Children, one of which is afleep
in a Cradle. 5. By Brawer.
Ceres (landing with a moft genteel Air,
holding up Wheat. Given by the Duke of
Parma to the Earl of Peterborough, when
he conducted James the Second's Queen to
England. 2. By Parmegiano.
A Flemifh School. The Painter com
monly called the little Van Dyke. 2. By Gonfales.
The Angel, as fpeaking to Tobias about
the Fifh, which is fwimming up to them.
The Dog is between Tobias's Legs, barking
at the Fifh. 2. By Procacino.
The Difcovery of Achilles. 2. By Salviati. The

In Wilton-House* 97
The Virgin with Christ.
4. By Solaru
An Antique Picture from the Temple of
Juno. Juno is fitting by a Temple ; Pal
las, Hercules, Diana, Apollo, "Ceres, and
Vertumnus, are coming to her, with their
Symbols in their Hands.
A Nativity. 4. By Jan Van Eyck, 141O.
A Landskip, with Rocks, Water, and
three Travellers. 4. By Bartotemeo.
A Landskip, with a Man carrying a
Fifhing-Net. 4. By Francefco Giovanni.

*

H BUSTOS

98 A Defcription of the Curiofities

B U S T O S.
A HE Bufto of Marcus Modi us; the
only one known with an Epitaph on it;
the Bottom is, made round, fo as to fix
it on the Hole in which his Afhes were
put. IHTHP ME0OAOY ASIATIKE nPOETATA
XAIPE nOAAAMEN EST ©AA nAQHN *PEZI
nOAAA AE AJTPA.
Media methodi AJiatice magifter Salve.
Multa quidem bona paffe mentibus multa
vero triftia.
On the P E D E S T A L.
M. MOAIOC ACATIKOC 1ATP0C ME0OAIKOC
Marcus Modius Afiaticus Medicus metho-
dicus. One

tn Wi lt on -House. 99
One would imagine, from this Infcrip
tion, that Marcus Modius was a very cele
brated Phyfician, though his Name is not
yet come down to us. If any Conjecture
can be made from the Greek Characters
concerning , his Age, he flourifhed about
the Times of the firft Emperors. The
Letters are antient; the Sigma and Ep-
filon on the Breaft retain the antique
Form. Thefe Letters, from the Reign
of Auguftus, began to lofe their priftine
Shape. Marcus Modtus, fays Montfaucon,
as fir as can be conjectured, lived about
the Age of Auguftus; he is called the
Methodical Phyfician. The firft who pro
bably introduced Method into Medicine,
was Themifon, who was Cotemporary with
Pompey j and from him proceeded the
Mcthodifts in that Profeflion.
The Word **.,•• feems to (hew, that this
was a fepulchral Infcription; and was pla
ced on this Tomb. Paufanius lays, "Ad
hunc modum fuorum cadavera condunt
Sicyonii : Corpus terra contegunt, deinde
H 2 Capidea

loo A Defcription of the Curiofities
Capidea bafi extructa, columnas erigunt;
quibus faftigia imponunt, eadem fpecie,
qua intemplis. Infcriptionem nullam po-
nunt, fed ejus quern extulerunt nomen
apellantes, patris mentione praetermiffa,
ilium valere jubent, mA«t«r» t» n*^ x*t(uv."-L
Lib. 2.
The two Verfes in which he is faid
to, have experienced much Good and Evil,
are exactly in the Style of an Epitaph.
The fecond Verfe is from the fourth Odyffey,
where Mention is made of that Potion,
which Helena prepared, to make them for
get their Misfortunes.
The Bufto of Apollonius TyanuSUs,
It is lively in the Attitude, with his Arm
tucking his Garment about him. When it
was iirft fold at Valetta's Sale, a Gentleman
gave upwards of 270I. for it. There were
then, in the South-Sea Time, feveral An
tiques fold for above 200I. each ; as the
Homer which the Emperor Conftantine got
from Smyrna; Horace, the Poet, of Por
phyry ; Cicero, of Touchftone ; and Julius
Ccefar,

/» Wilton-House. ioi
Cafar, in Oriental Alabafter ; which Tho
mas Earl of Pembroke afterwards bought.
The Bufto of Mago, the famous Car
thaginian. Scipio would not burn Carthage
'till he had fecured the Book which Mago
had written of Agriculture ; the Subftance
of which is ftill preferved in the Writings
of Cato, Varro, and the other Authors, de
Re Rufiica.

H3

THE

102 A Defcription of the Curiofities

/\

THE
COLLONADE-ROOM, Begin the Pictures with the Uppermofl
on your Left.
. JL H E Head of St. Paul.
4, By Auguflino Carrachi.
A Calm,
4. By Vandervelt.
Belshazzar's Feaft; a Multitude of
Figures. Great Aftonifhment appears in
all the Company at the Table, &c.
4. By Old Frank,
Pictures of the prefent Lord and Lady
Pembroke, By Reynolds.
A Calm

In Wilton-House. 103
A Calm.
By Patten.
A Madona.
3. By Carlo Dulci.
A Gale.
By Patten.
St. Sebastian fhot with Arrows.
5. Scarcelina di Ferrara.
A Landskip.
4. By Herman Sachtleven.
The Labours of Hercules. 4. By Francis Floris.

The Inftde of the Columns.
A Harvest Home.
By Rubens.
The Money Changers, and People,
with the Doves in the Temple.
3.' By Dominico Fetfi.
H 4 Christ

1 04 A. Defcription . of .the puriofities
Christ taken from the Crofs ; ten other
Figures, with ftrong Expreflions of the So
lemnity. The Virgin has her right Hand
under our Saviour's Head, as lifting him up ;
while Jofeph of ' Arimathea (who is richly
drefled) is wrapping the Linen Cloth round
him. Behind Jofeph- are two Men, one of
them has the Superfcrjption in his Hands,
and the Crown of Thorns upon his Arm ;
the other is as talking to him, pointing with
one Hand to the Virgin, and the other to^-
Tyards Jofeph. On the other Side is St. John,
with his Hands folded together, and (hews
great Concern. Mary Magdalen is wiping
pff the Blood, and Wrapping the Linen
round our Saviour's Feef. Mary, the Wife
of Cleopbas, is, as fpeaking to Nicodemus,
who is giving Directions about the Spices,
Behind them are two Men ; one holds the
Nails taken from the Crofs, the other the
Hammer and Pinchers. Here is alfo the
Tomb (hewn, and the People rolling the
Stone from the Entrance of it ; and Mount
Calvari, with Bones and Skulls fcattered
about where the Croffes ftand ; with a View of

In W I L T O N - H o u s e. 105
of the Multitude returning into Jerufalem;
at a Diftance, a Landfkip with Rocks, &c.
3. By Albert Durer.
^Iidas's Judgment. By Phiilippo Lauro.
A Nativity.
By Tbeodoro.
The Virgin, Cbrift, St. John, and St.
Catharine, 3. By Parmegiano.
. A Magdalen, contemplating with a
Crucifix; Angels appear above.
4. By Elizabetha, Daughter of Sirani.
A Nativity; ataDiftance, the Shep
herds without their Sheep, and an Angel in
the Clouds. 3. By Dionigo Calvarf.
- A Landskip, with Figures fitting by
the Water Side. 3. By Orizonti.
St. Peter

106 A Defcription of the Curiofities
St. Peter and the Angel coming out
of Prifon. By Stenwick.
A Drawing. By Raphael.
The late Lord Pembroke. By Jervoife.
A Drawing. By Corregio.
Leda and the Swan. 3. By Leonardo da Vinci.
Virtue coming to Parnaffus to awaken
Apollo and the Mufes. 3. By Luigi Gentili .
The Port of Leghorn, on Copper.
5. By Viviano Codazzo.
The Virgin, out Saviour, Si. John, and
an Angel. 3. By Raphael Urbino.
Hercules and Dejanira.
4. By Giovanni Mantoudno.
The Birth of St. John. 4» By Dominico Pelugio. Cupid

In Wilton-House. 107
Cupid wrenching his Bow out of the
Hands of a Boy, 4. By Tafuffi da Bologna.
An Antique of the Virgin and our Savi
our, faid to be painted by St. Luke.
The Four Seasons; Winter is the
Stump of a Tree, with odd Faces, and
Qwls. **. By Murillo.
A Seraglio,
By Otto Veni.
Jsaac blefling Jacob. By Lazarini,
A Salutation of the Angel to the Virgin.
4, By Francefco Dani.
Judith cutting off Holofernes's Head.
5. By Andrea Montagna,
Over the Chimney.
The half Length of a Gentleman, fup
pofed to be Prince Rupert. By Vandyke.
•¦r^iSCi Next

Ip8 A Dfcriptiori of the Curiofities
Next the Lobby Door.
The Bufto of Drusilla.
Next the Corner Room Door.
The Bufto of Horace the Confular.
N On the Chimney -Piece.
The Bufto of Commodus.
The Buffo of Polemon.
On a Table, the Produce of Mount Edgecumbe.
Morpheus, the God of Sleep, in black
Touchftone ; his Head wreathed with Pop
pies, and a Poppy in one Hand.
I don't think it amifs to acquaint the Curi
ous, that in the two next Rooms are fome Ca
pital Paintings by the moft eminent Mafter s.

- -"T>

Pictures

In W i lt on- House. 109

Pictures in the Corner Room.
Begin with the Pictures over the Door, as
you enter the Room, and proceed to the
Right.
1HE Virgin, with Cbrift leaning the
back Part of his Head againft her Breaft.
He has a Bird in his right Hand. 3. By Crefpi.
The Virgin teaching our Saviour to
read. 3. By Guercino.
Philip Earl of Pembroke.
By Vandyke.
St. Dominico.
By Corregio. The

no A Defcription of the Curiofities
The Head of Mieris.
5. By Himfelf
A Charity with three Children, very
natural. It was one of King Charles the
Firft's Pictures. 2. By Guido Rheni.
A Landskip. 3. By Rubens.
Mary Magdalen.
2. By Titian.
Chr ist from the Crofs ; two Boys hold
ing up the Arms, and the Virgin devoutly
ftretching out her Hands. At a Diftance
appear the three Croffes, and a Group of
little Figures, with a Horfe. It was made
for Henry II. King of France, which he
gave to his Miftrefs, Diana Valentinois ; and
on the painted flat Frame, in one Corner,
are the Arms of France ; in another, a Mo
nogram of the firft Letters of their Names ;
the other two Corners, the Emblems of
Diana, three Half- Moons, in. one, and a
Quiver and Bow in the other.
3. By Michael Angelo.
Bacchus,

In Wilton-House. hi
Bacchus, with a Bowl in his left Hand,
his right Arm refting on a Veffel ; an old
Man emptying a Bafket of Grapes into a
Vat; a Woman and Boys, with two Baf-
kets of Fruit.
By Polidore Caravagio, a Scholar of Raphaels.
The Woman bringing the Children to
Christ. By Sebaftian Bur don.
A whole Length of Democritus laugh
ing; a Book in his Hand. — Very much
efteemed. ' By Spagnolet.
Magdalen, as a Penitent, over-look
ing the Vanities of the World. Below her
are fix Boys, as Cupids ; they are handling
Jewels, &c. 5. By Domichino, a Scholar of
Ludovico Caracci.
Narcissus feeing himfelf in the Wa
ter. There are feveral Cupids in various
Actions. „ n _
3, By Poufpn. An

H2 A Defcription of the Curiofities
An Affumption of the Virgin. 5. By Rubens'.
In the Arundel Catalogue it is faid, that
his Lordfhip defired Rubens to paint for him
a fine finifhed Clofet Picture, which is this
Picture ; being an old Flemifh Board, moft
beautifully coloured. There is a Group at
Bottom of nine Angels, all in different Pof
tures, as' raifing the Cloud under the Virgin
Mary. There are feveral pretty Cherubims
Heads at the Side, and at the Top. It fp
much pleafed Rubens, that he faid he would
make a great picture after it; which he did
for the Church of a Convent in Antwerp,
where he has added Apoftles as big as the
Life. The Countefs of Pembroke, and Lord
Herbert, now Earl of Pembroke, when
very young. 3. By Mr. Hoare, of Bath.
Christ aftride upon a Lamb, is held by
the Virgin ; old Jofeph is looking on, and
leaning on a Staff. 5. By Francefco Penni. The

In Wilton-House. rii3
The Virgin, our Saviour, and St.
John. 3. By Barocci.
A young Woman with a Shock-Dog. 3. By Corregio.
A Madona, very fine, with feven Stars
round her Head. 3. By Carlo Marat ti.
A Piper. 3. By Georgione.
Old Joseph at Work, our Saviour hold
ing a lighted Lamp to him.
5. By Luc a Congiagio.
The Virgin holding our Saviour by
his Arms, St. John embracing him; old
Jofeph is reading. 5. By Ludovico Caracci.
The Virgin holding Chrift in her Lap.
St. John has led a Lamb to him. Cbrift is
looking at an Angel below on the Ground,
gathering Flowers ; old Jofeph is higher up,
with an Afs by him. By Contarini.
I Four

1 14 A Defcription of the Curiofities
Four Children, reprefenting our Sa
viour, an Angel, St. John, and a little Girl.
The Angel is lifting a Lamb to St. John,
who has his left Hand upon it, and is in
Difcourfe with our Saviour, as they are all
fitting clofe together. Behind our Saviour
is a Tree, and a Vine growing up it, with
Grapes thereon. The Girl (reprefenting
perhaps, fymbolically, the Chriftian Church)
has hold of the Vine with one Hand, and
in the other Hand has 4 Bunch of Grapes,
which (he is offering to our Saviour.
This is allowed to be the bed Picture in
England of 2. Rubens.
The Defcent of the Holy Ghost. By Salembeni.
A dead Saviour, furrounded with An
gels; a very fine Sketch.
5. By Bonamico Bufalmaco.
Mars and Venus.
By Vander Warf.
Christ lying on Straw in a Manger.
4. By Vanaykei King

/« Wl L T ON - HoU s E. ii^
King Richard II. &c. I here tran-
fcribe Hollar's Account of it.-^An elegant
Reprefentation of King Richard the ILL
(in his Youth) at his Devotion, painted on
two Tables. In one, he -is reprefented
kneeling by his three Patron Saints, St.
John Baptift, King Edmund, and King Ed
ward the Confeffor, having a Crown on his
Head, clad in a Robe adorned with white
Harts and Broom*Cods, in Allufidn to his
Mother's Arms* and in his owri Name of
PlantdgCntfta. Thus he is praying to the
Virgin Mary, with the Infant in her Arms*
(on the other Table) furrourided with Chfif-*
tian Virtues, in the Shape of Angels, with
Collars of Broom- Cods about their Necks,
and White Harts on their Bofoms ; one
holding up a Banner of the Crofs before
them, and on the Ground are Lillies and
Rofes.— St. John Baptift holds a Lamb in
his left Arm. King Edward the Confeffor
holds a Ring between the Thumb and fore
Finger of his left Hand ; King Edmund
holds an Arrow in his left Hand ; all their
right Hands are directed to King Richard,
I 2 as

1 1 6 A Defcription of the Curiofities
as prefenting him to our Saviour, who in
clines himfelf in a very kind Manner to
wards them. There are eleven Angels re
prefented, each of them hath a Wreath of
white Rofes round his Head. The Dif-
pofition of their Countenances, and Action
of their Hands, is defigned to (hew that
their Attention is employed about King
Richara. On the Glory round our Saviour's
Head, you may fee the Crofs reprefented in
it, and round the Extremity of the Orb are
fmall Branches of Thorns. On two Brafs
Plates on the Bottom of the Picture is en
graved as follows, viz.
Invention of Painting in Oil, 141 0.
This was painted before, in the Begin-
ing of Richard II. 1 377. Hollar engraved
and dedicated it to King Charles I. and called
it Tabula Antiqua of King Richard II. with
his three Saints and Patrons, St. John Bap-
tift, and two Kings, St. Edmund and Ed
ward the Confeffor. This Picture was
given out of the Crown by King James II.
to Lord Caftlemain, when he went Ambaf- fador

In Wilton - H o u s e. 117
fador to Rome, and bought, fince he died,
by Thomas Earl of Pembroke. 4.
The Three Kings Offering. There
are Horfes and many Figures, at feveral
Diftances, df this Painter's beft colouring;
with a glorious Eclat of Light breaking
through the Clouds, in which are many
Cheruhirns. That King, who has a ftrong
Light on his Forehead, is the Painter him
felf. His whole Figures are beft ; for he
was famous for fuiting a proper Action to
every Part, and to the Genius of the Per-
fon ; as here a Groom, for Example, (hews
a natural Affection to his Horfe, by kifiing
his Nofe. 3. By Paolo Veronefe.
Apollo fleaing Marfias. By Piombo.
The Garden Side. Begin on the Rigbt-Hand
of the Window at the Top.
Christ taken from the Crofs. By Figino.
T * ' The

1 1 8 A Defcription of thi Curiofities
The Virgin, old Jofeph, Elizabeth, and
Cbrift, who is putting a Ring on St. Catha
rine's Finger; 5 . By Anguifchla.
Ruins and Figures.
By Paolo Panini.
The Virgin arid old Jofeph. teaching
Chrift to read. By Bernardino Gatti.
The Harmony between Hiftory and Poe
try. Very fine. 2. By Romanelli,
The Virgin, with Chrift about four
Years old, as big as the Life, ftanding by
her ; a Figure as graceful as Raphael Urbin's.
The Virgin is as talking to St. John. More
backward, at her right Side, is a Woman
With a Child in her Arms, both with grace
ful Countenances. By Andrea del Sarto.
Our Saviour carrying the Crofs.
By Andrea del Sarto.
Rape

In Wilton-House. h9
Rape of Dejanira, by Neffus the Cen
taur. Hercules is (hooting at him.
5. By Carlo Crefti.
A Landskip.
By Claude Lorrain,
Some Market People. 4. By Crefpi.
A Shepherd and Shepherdefs. 2. By Bloemart.
The Virgin, with Chrift in her Lap.
5. By Raphael.
A Nativity on Copper ; neatly finifhed.
5. By Rubens.
A Man forcing a Boy to take Phyfic.
5. By Bambocci.
A Half-Length of Titian. By Himfelf.
An Affumption of the Virgin; feve
ral of the Apoftles looking up, and one
of the twelve is haftening down the Hill
to the reft. By Raphael Urbino.
I 4 The

120 A Defcription of the Curiofities
The Virgin reading, with Cbrift in her
Lap. 5. By Albano.
Job, and his three Friends.
5. By Andrea Sacchi.
Christ in the Virgin's Arms, St. John
kifling him ; Jofeph is looking on them.
5. By Scidone.
In the Ceiling.
The Converfion of St. Paul. St. Paul
is ftruck from his Horfe ; he and his Com
pany appear in great Surprize. 1. By Luca Giordano.
On the Chimney-Piece.
The Bufto of the Emperor Pertinax.
The Bufto of Solon.

The

In Wilton-House. 121
The CLOSET
within
The CORNER ROOM.
Begin the PiElures with that over the
Door-Cafe leading into the inner Part
of the Room.
X} IVE Soldiers, two exprefEng great Fury
to tear Cbrift's Coat ; another is gravely in-
terpofing, as if he was perfuading them to
call Lots for it. Very fine.
2. By Annibal Caracci.
There are two Pictures on each Side of the
laft mentioned ; begin with the two on your
right Hand, afterwards on your Left.
The Virgin ; our Saviour is refting his
Head and right Hand on her Bofom.
4. By Bloemart, Jun.
A Ruin, with Landfldps and Figures.
4. By Viviano. A

122 A Defcription of the Curiofities
A Shepherdefs in a Straw Hat, reprefent
ing the Princefs Sophia. By Gerrard Huntorfl.
A Ruin, with Landfkips and Figures.
4. By Viviano.
On the Bow Window, and Chimney Sides,
as you go round, begin with the lowefl
Picture.
A Nativity. By Raphael Direggio.
Our Saviour taken from the Crofs ;
the Virgin (heweth great Concern : There
are three other Figures by them, and An
gels in the Clouds. 2. By Valerio CafteB.
King Edward VI.
4. By Hans Holbein.
Our Saviour afcending; with the four
Emblems of the Evangelifts at the Bottom
of the Clouds ; two Angels are fupporting
his Arms. 3. By Giutio Romano. Over

J» Wilton-House. 123
Over the Chimney- Piece.
The Virgin, exceedingly fine; the Veil
painted with Ultra Marine. Maria da Fiori
painted the Flowers with which the Virgin
is furrounded. 3. By Carlo Dulci.
Two Boys playing with a Bird, which is
tied with a String. 4. By Pouffin.
A Nativity, By Carlo Signani.
The Siege of Pavia. By Hans Holbein.
St. Sebastian (hot with Arrows.
5. By Benedetto Luti.
The Circumeifion of our Saviour. By Fiorentino.
Two Cupids, holding a third upon their
Hands, as carrying him ; another Boy ly
ing down by them. By Sirani,
The Devil tempting our Saviour.
5. By Paris Alfano Perugia.
The Prodigal Son returning Home.
By If overman.
Some Dutch People playing at Draughts ;
a Woman

124 A Defcription of the Curiofities
a Woman by them cutting Bread and But
ter for a Boy, who is faying Grace.
4. By Egbert Hemfkirk.
People playing at Cards.
4. By Lucas Van Leiden.
Day, reprefented by Apollo riding upon
a Cloud, drawn by four Horfes. Night,
reprefented by a Figure with dark Wings,
and Poppies round her Hand. By her are
fwo Owls flying. 5. By Solimene.
St. Jerom. 5. By Borgiano.
The Virgin, with Chrift in her Lap ;
St. John has hold of his right Foot.
By Gio. Bat. Vico.
St. John preaching in the Wildernefs ;
fmall neat Figures. 5. By Rowland ' Savor i.
St. Jerom. 5. By Giulio Cambi Veronefe.
Christ in the Virgin's Lap ; he holds
St. John by the Hand. ' By Carletto,
The prodigal Son going Abroad.
4, By Woverman. A

In Wilton-House. 125
A young Woman holding a Candle.
4. By Schalken.
The River Tiber ; — ¦ Romulus and Remus
fucking the Wolf. 4. By Del Pa.
Our Saviour, about two Years old, fit
ting on a Stone ; a Lamb is ftanding by
him, and licking his Hand, in which he
holds" a String that is tied to the Leg of a
Dove, which fits in a little open work'd
Bafket. There are two other Figures. The
Rays from the Glory round our Saviour's
Head ftrike a fine Light upon them. One
of them has her Hand upon the Dove.
3. By Paolo Mathei.
Christ raifing Lazarus from the Dead.
3. By Seb. Ricd.
Pyrrhus brought dead out of the Tem
ple. They are putting him into his Chariot.
Several Figures appear in great Surprize.
3. By Pietro Tefta.
Over the Door.
An old Man felling Sweetmeats to the
Children, which he carries in a Pot ; there are

1 26 A Defcription of the Curiofities
are fix about him ; an extraordinary Plea-
fure appears in all their Countenances. 3. By Fran. Halls.
Andromache fainting, on hearing of
the Death of her Hu(band HeiJor. Here
are twenty-five Figures. I. By Primdticcio.
Two Battle-Pieces. 3 . By Burgognone.
On the Chimney-Piece.
Two young Faces in Bronze.
In the Cieling.
Venus's Birth : She is riling out of the
Sea, the three Graces attending her : There
are alfo five Cupids in different Actions.
1. By Lorenzino da Bologna.
In the Inner Part of the Clqfet begin on
the Right- Hand.
Venus and the Graces drefling.
By Andrea Camaffei.
The Flight into Egypt. 5. By Giovartmi.
Abra-

In Wilton^House. 1 27
Abraham's Steward putting the Brace
lets on Rebecca's Arm at the Well.
5. By Pietro Bambini.
Christ praying in the Garden, with
two Angels to comfort him ; on Copper.
4. By Giufeppe Gratti da Bologna.
A fleeping CuPid, on a black and yel
low Marble Table, whereon Cards are
reprefented. Eight fmall Buftos, upon gilded Mafk-
Truffes. Tithonus, Divinity of the Morning.
Venus of Media's.
Bacchus ; very beautiful Work.
Crisp in a, Wife of Commodus.
Fauna, the Female Divinity of ' Fapnus.
Very rare.
A Pantheon, of a peculiar Marble,
and in the old Termini Way : It has the
Symbols of Ammon, Mavors, and Thoth,
three of the Egyptian Dii Majores ; from
whom the Greeks made Jupiter, Mars, and
Mercury.
Epicurus;

128 A Defcription of the Curiofities
Epicurus ; valued by Cardinal Maza
rine, there being no other of him.
Achilles, with a young Face, proba
bly before he went to the Trojan War; his
Breaft is adorned, and on his Helmet are
Ram's Heads. We read in Homer, that the
Antients made their Armour of the Skins of
different Animals, contrived generally to
bring their Faces in the Front of their Heir
mets, to render their Appearance more ter
rible to the Enemy. This Buft is fmall,
and of very neat Workmanfhip.
On a black and yellow Marble Table,
where Cards are reprefented, lies
A Sleeping Cupid.
A Porphyry Table. Upon it a Statue
of a deeping Venus, of the Size of the
Hermaphrodite in the Borghefe Palace at
Rome ; but it differs, this having the Hair
truffed up behind, that as a Man's, and ereh
the Linen decently covers more of the Hip.
This is of fine Greek Sculpture, and appears
much older than that, as is obferved in
Cardinal Mazarine's Catalogue. From

tn Wilton-House. 1&9
From thefe Apartments are the following
Views : — The Garden, or rather a beauti
ful Lawn, planted with various Trees. The
River, which the late Earl Henry much in-
larged. The Bridge, which the faid Earl
built from Palladio's Defign. Between fome
large Cedar Trees, a Rock Bridge, by
Chambers, with a fall of Water. The Sta
ble Bridge. A Piazza, (the Front of the
Stables) by Inigo Jones. A beautiful Hill
in the Park, on which is a triumphal Arch,
defigned by Chambers, having an equef-
trian Statue of Marcus Aurelius upon it. A
Wood on the fame Hill, in which ftands
an elegant Cafline, defigned likewife by
Chambers. The Engine Houfe, With an
ornamented Front. An Arcade, the Front
of which being originally the Front of a
Grotto, was defigned by fnigo Jones. The
Spire and weft Frpnt of Salifbury Cathedral,
Clarendon Park, and Places adjacent.
In the fine Windows of the Geometrical Stair-
Cafe, painted by Clermont in Arabefco,
(begin at the Top) are—*
{One reprefenting Torment,
The other, Content.
K An

130 A Defcription of the Curiofities
An Antique Mafic.
A Bifrons of Janus. It was in the Tem
ple of Janus at Rome.
A Foflil : It was a Snake Stone taken out
of a Portland Stone at the building of Weft-
minfter Bridge.
The Statue of a Boy dancing.
The Urn of Horace ; on one Side of
which is this Infcription :
D M
HOR. FLACC. PIIS MAR:
PAMPH. MIN FA FECIT.
Diis Manibus Horatii Flacci. The other
Letters before Fecit, probably relate to the
Perfon who had the Urn made ; but they
were defaced, and fince mended, as the
Traces of former Letters were perceptible.
On the other Side is the Apotheofis of a
Lyric Poet : There is a Woman in a loofe
Garment, holding a burning Torch, as one
of the Mufes; another holds a Lyre in her
left Hand, and a Volume in her right,
which (he offers to a third Woman, with
large Wings, reprefenting Fame; near them
ftands

In Wilton-House. 131
ftands a great Altar, adorned with a Crown ;
.in an obfcure Corner fits a Figure with his
Head reclined, which fome think may be
•Momus, or Zoilus ; they are genteel Figures,
and elegantly cloathed. It is Baflo Relievo.
A Statue of Shakespeare, by Scbee*
makers ; in the fame Manner as in Weftmin-
fter-Abbey, only the Lines on the Scroll
are different ; thefe are out of Macbeth.
Life\r but a walking Shadow,
a poor Player,
That ft ruts and frets his Hour
upon the Stage,
And then is heard no more.

K 2 The

132 A Defcription of the Curiofities

x>a>o<x><x^o<x>oo<xxxxx)<xxxxx

The STONE HALL.
Begin on your Right-Hand.

A

N Alto Relievo.. A Rape of Neptune:
Twelve Figures, befides two Horfes.
An Alto Relievo: Six Figures ; Nereids,
Tritons, and a Horfe.
An Alto Relievo. The Rape of the
Centaurs: Eight Figures.
A Greek Alto Relievo, of very curious
Work. It is ViSioria : She has a wreathed
Corona in each Hand, which (he holds
over two Captives, bound at her Feet.
There are a great many Weapons of War,
with Armour and Enfigns, and a particular
Trumpet. An Alto Relievo. Two Figures; one,
reprefenting Painting; the other, Sculp
ture : Very fine Drapery.
An Alto Relievo. A Prieftefs bringing
a Sheep for Sacrifice. There are two Al
tars;

In Wl L TO n- Hous E. 133
tars; upon one, is a Fire; upon the other,
an Idol.
An Alto Relievo. Jupiter and Juno :
Six other Figures bringing Offerings.
A Relievo. A Man and Woman; the
Woman fitting ; their right Hands joined
together, as bidding Adieu to each other.
The Statue of Urania, the Mufe, with
her Symbol cut on the Plinth, with fo re
verend an Air of old Age, that Cardinal
Mazarine would not fuffer any Part of it to
be mended.
A Relievo. A Bull, with his Head a-
dorned with a Mitre and Fillets ; the Mid
dle of his Belly bound round with a Rib
band. The perfon that facrifices, is naked,
with his Head laureated ; he leads the Bull
with his right Hand. The Pope, or Prieft,
follows behind, laureated likewife, and
cloathed from the Navel to his Knees : In
his right Hand is afacrificing Olla, or Pot;
and in his left Hand is the Ax.
A very large Alto Relievo, weighing a-
bout a Ton and a Half. It was a Frieze in
K 3 ' a Greek

134 ADefcription of the Curiofities
a Greek Temple of Diana and Apollo, and
reprefents the Story of Niobe and her Chil
dren, &c. Here are (even Sons and feven
Daughters, : fuppofed to be hunting in the*
Heat ; and being ill, the Father and Mo
ther, &c. come out of the Shade to aflift
them. All the Figures and Trees, efpeci
ally the Horfes on which the Sons ride, are
fo high, that the Heads and Necks ftand
pff without touching the Marble. The
Foreft Cytharon, in Bceo'tia, in which they
are hunting, is finely reprefented ; and at
a Diftance, by fome of the Trees, Sylvanus,
the Divinity of the Woods, fits looking on
with a grave Concern. In this, neither
Apollo nor JDiana appear ; by which pro
bably it was intended to reprefent their
Peaths, as proceeding from the Heat of
the Sun, the Rays of which are as Apollo's
Arrows : He is, indeed, often in Medals fo
reprefented, either with the Siin alone, or
with the Rays round 'his Head. Thus, by
the Heat of the Sun, which was Apollo,
and from the Fatigue of Hunting, over
which Diana prefided, they got fome mor tal

/« Wilton-House. 135
tal Fever. An Arrow fticks in one only
as a Symbol. Here are twenty Figures :
Sylvanus, and three old Men, (the Father,
and two Uncles, or Tutors) and two old
Women, (the Mother, and a Nurfe, or
Aunt) feven Sons, and {even Daughters ;
alfo five Horfes. Two of the youngeft
Sons are on Foot, as are the Daughters.
On the foregoing Alto Relievo.
The Statue of Calliope, one of the
Mufes, with a Roll in her Hand : She in
vented Epic, or Heroic Poetry.
The Bufto of Cato Major.
The. Statue of Pandora.
A Relievo. Two Priefts, or Minifters
of the Prieft, as going before the Victim :
One of them is playing upon two Pipes ;
the other ftands laureated, prepared to do
his Office; with an earthen Chalice, or
Simpulum, in his right Hand, and a Patera
in his left.
The Statue of Sab in a, Wife of Ha
drian. Fine Drapery. K 4 A

136 A Defcription of the Curiofities
A Relievo. Jupiter fits on the right
Hand of Juno, on Mount Olympus, with a
Thunder-bolt in his right Hand, and em
bracing her with his left; (lie holds him
with her right Hand : both naked to the
Nayel, Before them is a Fire blazing upon
an Altar, and a Prieft ftanding bare headed,
having a very long Robe, and cafting fome-*
thing into the Fire.
An Alto Relievo. Faunus playing oq
two Pipes.
A Baffo Relievo ; having the Infcription,
palled Bouftropbedon, the Writing in the fuc-
ceffive Lines going forward and backward,
firft from Left to Right, then from Right
to Left, as they turn or guide Oxen in the
plowing of Lands. This was efteemed the
rnofi antient Way of writing, and proves
the great Antiquity of this Marble. The
Figures reprefent a Hiftory agreeable to
the Infcription. In the Middle is a Tripos
pf a very curious and pecuhar Form, fup-r
ported by three Feet, with three Projec
tions, one above another ; on the uppermoft
pf which is th,e Patera. The dedicating of

In Wilton-House. 137
of a Tripos, was an ufual Expreflion of
Thanks to the Deity, among the Antients ;
and accordingly this (with the Infcription
above) is the Expreflion of the Father's
Thanks to Jupiter, who is here reprefented
fitting in a Chair, with his Head bound
with a Diadem, and an Eagle, not held,
but refting on the Palm of his Hand, as
ready to go and come at Command. The
other Figure reprefents a Libation made by
the Son, who wafhes his Hands in a Bowl
fet on the Tripos of the common Form.
The Bufto of Julia Mjbsa, Mother of
-Heliogabalus.
An Alto Relievo ; (hewing the antient
Manner of Eating : Here Jupiter, attended
by Pallas, is ferved by Hebe.— Mr. Caftel
has engraved this in his Book of the Villas
pf the Antients.
The Bufto of Octavia the Elder.
The Front of Meleager's Tomb, cut
off frpm the reft, of fine Greek Marble ;
with thirteen Figures, befides a Dog, and
a Boar's

138 A Defcription of the Curiofities
a Boar's Head. The Fable here reprefented
is as follows :— -At his Birth, the Fates left
a Billet in the Chamber, with an Affurance
the Boy (houjdlive as long as that remained
unconfumed. The Mother carefully pre
ferved aPledge on which fo much depended.1
It happened that his Father, King of JEtolia,
in offering Sacrifices to the rural Deities,
had forgot Biana. The Goddefs was not
of a Character to put up fuch a Neglect ;
but fent a huge wild Boar into his Lands,
who laid every Thing wafte before him.
Meleager, with Thefeus, and the Virgin Ata-
lanta, undertook to encounter it. The
Virgin gave the Monfter the firft Wound,
and Meleager, who killed it, prefented her
the Head, which his Uncles, by his Mother's
Side, attempted to take from her. Meleager
oppofing them, flew them in the Conflict.
His Mother, enraged by the Death of her
Brothers, threw the fatal Billet into the
Flames ; and Meleager, inftantly feized with
a confuming Difeafe, expired, as foon as it
was burnt. •. — That which Montfaucon copied
from Mqfei has three Perfons lefs than this
has, and wants the Quarrel at the Begin
ning, with the Boar's Head. A

In Wl L T on -Ho u se. 139
A fmall Frieze from the Temple of
Neptune; four Tritons, and four Nereids.
Two Men ; one of them ftanding, the
other fitting ; their right Hands joined to
gether, as bidding a happy Adieu to each
other. An Alto Relievo. A Child dealing Meat
from an Altar, through an Idol's Mouth.
An Alto Relievo. Venus, wringing the
Water out of her Hair. — The following
Verfe is cut on the Relief :
Nuda Venus madidas exprimit imbre Comas.
An Alto Relievo. Silenus drunk. Boys
binding his Arms and Legs with Vine-
Twifts ; Mgle painting his Face with a
Mulberry : There are fixteen Figures, be
fides an Horfe.
 — T-zvo Satyrs, on the Groin: J,
Stretch' dot bis Eafe, their Sire Silenus found;
Dos'd with bis Fumes, and beaiy ¦:;.'/& bis Lend, "1
They found bim poring in his dark Abode, >
And faz'd with youthful drms, the drunken God. J
IBs rofy Wreath -zvas dropt not long before,
Borne by the Tide of Wine, and floating on the Floor-, His

140 A Defcription of the Curiofities
His empty Can, with Ears half worn away,
Was hung on high, to boaft the Triumph of the Day.
Invaded thus, for want of better Bands,
His Garlands they unftring, and bind his Hands j
For by the fraudful God deluded long,
They now refolve to have the promts' d Song.
iEgle came in to make their Party good,
The faireft Nais of the neighbouring Flood ;
And, while he flares around with ftupid Eyes,
His Brows with Berries, and his Temples dies ;
He finds the Fraud, and with a Smile demands,
On what Defign the Boys had bound his Hands.
Loofe me, he cry'd, 'twas Impudence to find
A fieeping God, — 'tis Sacrilege to bind.
Drvden's Virgil, Eel. 6.
Cleopatra, with the Afp in a covered
Vafe : She is here reprefented as having it
ready, but does not fhew it. — The follow
ing is cut on the Marble :
Vivitur infamis moritur Cleopatra decor e.
Upon a grey Granite Table, commonly called
Moor Stone, from the Moors in Devon/hire.
A very high Alto Relievo of Marcus
Aurelius, and Faustina, as big as the
Life, A

In Wilton-House. 141
A Sarcophagus. In a Round in the
Front, is the Bufto of a Man : It is re-
markable, 1. That the Phyfiognomy by
the Sculptor is unfinifhed ; as they pur-
pofely did, to (hew that Man could not hit
the Likenefs of the Splendor they appear'd
in, after they were defcended to the Elyfium.
2. This has the Ornaments of two Cornu
copia's, to (hew the Plenty of Fruits, &C.
which they enjoy in the Elyfian Fields.
3. The right Hand appears with the two
Fingers fartheft from the Thumb deprefs'd,
or dcbas'd, holding up the Thumb, and
the other two Fingers ; as was the antient
Cuftom, when they faluted others, and wifli
ed them Happinefs, as he is here fuppofed
to do, at his dying. 4. This is alfo diftin
guifhed by a little Rifing in the Bottom at
the Head, to (hew that it was to lay in the
Body whole. It is defcribed by Salvini,
Table 9.
Upon this Tomb is Sesostris : The
Head is of red Egyptian Granite ; the Buft
Part, of the white Egyptian Granite ; the
Head is adorned with a Tiara, after the E-
gyptian Form, and has a peculiar Livelinefs.
It was found amongft the Pyramids, A

142 A Defcription of the Curiofities
A black Marble Table ; 1 1 Feet 9 Inches
long, 4 Feet 2 Inches wide, and 4 Inches
thick. Upon it is the Bufto of Geta, Bro
ther to Caracalla.
xxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx PASSAGE T O
The New Billiard-Room.

\*j]

ILEOPATRA, with Cafario, her Son
by Julius Cafar, very naturally fucking on
her Lap. Her Seat is an Egyptian Improve
ment for Softnefs, fo as to fit higher or
lower, as they pleafed. The Bottom is a
Layer like fhort Bolfters ; the next over
them crofs the contrary Way ; and fo on to
the Height which they would fit. Her Pof-
ture is very natural, and her Locks hang
gracefully on her Shoulders. Auguftus kil
led Ccefario by the Advice of Arius, the
Philofopher, from too politic a Reafon.
Non effe probandam multitudinem Cafarum. The

Z« Wilton-House. 143
The Statue of Manilla Scant ill a,
Wife of Didius.
The Bufto of Lysias, the Orator; of
whom Cicero gives this Commendation :
Venuftiffimus Scriptor ac politiffimus, & alter
pere Demofthenes.
The Bufto of Themistocles.
The Bufto of Terentius.
*
The Bufto of Posidonius.
Over the Doors.
A Bifrons of an old Man and Woman.
A Bifrons of two young Women ; their
Countenances are different, as well as their
curled Locks ; one has a Diadem ; the other,
a triple Contexture of her Hair, elegantly
tied.

•

NEW

144 A DefcHption of the Curiofities
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX N E TP
BILLIARD ROOM.
Over the Chimney.
±\. Bifrons of Cecrops and his Wife; in
Memory of inftituting Marriage : Leaves
of Sea- Weed on his Beard, in Memory of
his coming by Sea from Egypt.
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX IN THE 1
LITTLE LOBBY.

T,

HE Model of a Seventy-Gun Ship,
call'd the Old Hampton-Court,

In

In Wilton-House. 145

In the BUGLE ROOM
On the Railing. . L

Th

E Bufto of Lucius Vl TELL I us
Pater.
The Bufto of Galba.
In two Niches.
The Bufto of Olympias.
The Bufto of Coll at in us.
On a Marble Table.
The Bufto of C^bsonia, fourth Wife
of Caligula ; of tranfparent Alabafter.
IN THE
Paflage leading to the Cofiee-Room.
A H E Bufto of Temolus, upon a Ta
ble ftain'd with Figures and Landikips.
L MANAGE

146 A Defcription of the Curiofities
xxxxx>o<xxx>oooocxxxxxx>o<xx MANAGE ROOM.

Ti

H E Picture of Baron de Eisenberg,
Riding-Mafter to Francis I. Emperor, of
Germany. By Himfelf.
A Council of Horfes. By Simonini.
All the Attitudes of Manag'd Horfes, in
Water Colours. By Baron de Eifenberg.
Over the Chimney.
The Bufto of Heraclitus.
Lady PEMBROKE'S
Winter Dressing-Room.
J\ STATUE of Cupid, with a Phry
gian Bonnet; his Hands tied behind him.
From this Statue we may obferve, that be
fore Sculptors were numerous in Greece, there
were fome good Pieces executed. The lit tle

In Wilton-House. 147
tie God (hews in his Countenance, a Senfi-
bility of his Condition> though by no Means
a Sullennefs : He has no Wings, as the
Antients had no Notion of the Inconftancy
of Love.
An Alto Relievo of the prefent Earl of
Pembroke, when ten Years old.
By Scheemaker.
The Bufto of Poppjea, Nero's fecond
Wife : Her right Hand is holding up Part
of her Garment. The Plaiting and Drefs
of the Hair very fingular.
A Picture of Lord Herbert. By Brompton.

***** »

L 2 PICTURES

148 A Defcription of the Curiofities

PICTURES andBUSTOS
I N
My Lord's Dreffing-Room.
Begin on your Right-Hand.
J-/OGS, very fine. By Snyder.
A Copy of Lord Chatham's Picture,.
By Brompton.
The Woman caught in Adultery. By Gennari.
Three Pictures, viz. Lord Pembroke,
Lord Herbert, other Figures, and Horfes.
By Morrier.
General Paoli ; with Corfican Soldiers,
and his favourite Dog, Qufacco. By Vincenzino.
A Polifh Gentleman, Hawking. By Vanfomer.
St. Coppertini.

In Wilt on -House. i49
A Miracle. By Vincenzino.
A favourite Dog. By Van Reiffbhoot*
General Paoli. By Vincenzino.
The Bufto of Annius Verus<
In the Clofet.
* The Bufto of Plautilla.
xxxxxxxxxxxx>o<xxxxxxxxxxx Lady PEMBROKE 's
Summer Dressing-Room.
X H E painted Glafs in the Gothic Win
dow, is by Price, to whom the Parliament
granted 5000I. for having difcover'd this old
Method of ftaining Glafs ; but he did not
receive this Reward, as he died a fhort Time
before the intended Day of Payment,
Over the Door.
A Bufto of a young Cup 1 d.
FINIS.

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