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YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

Bought with the income
of the
ANN S. FARNAM FUND

Che Cartans of the Clans and Septs
of Scotland
WITH THE ARMS OF THE CHIEFS

Zbz

Clartans of the Clans and
Septs of Scotland

WITH THE ARMS OF THE CHIEFS

VOL. XL

W. & A. K. JOHNSTON, LIMITED
EDINBURGH AND LONDON
MCMVI

LIST OF PLATES OF TARTANS.

In the case of those marked * the Artiis of the Head of the Clan or FamHi/ is given.

Macfaelank.* „ (Plaok and White).
Macfie or Macphke.*
Macgillivrat.*Macgowas {see Gow and Maegowan).
Macgkegoe.*
Maohardt.*Macinnks.* „ Hdnting.
Macineot.*Macintosh, Chief.*
>>
Maointtee.* (Red).Glknoeoht.*
Macivoe.Mack AT.*
Mackain (see Macdonald, Ardnaraurchan
or Madcain).
Maokendrick {see Henderson and Macken-
drick).
Mackenzie.*Mackinlat.*
mackinnon.* HnNTlNG.
Maclachlan.* Old.
,, Dress.
Maclaeen.*
Maclaine, Lochbuie.*
,, ,, Hunting.
Maclean, Duaet.*
,, HnNTING.
Maclennan {see Logan or Maclennan).
macleod, asstnt.*
,, Dress.
,, Sktb.
„ (Black and "White).

MACLEOD, (Black and Red).
Macjiillan.* ,, HrXTIXG.
Macnab.*
Macnaughton. *
Macnkill OP Baera.*
,, colonsat.*
Macnicol or Nicolson.*
Macphee {see Macfie).
Maopherson.* ,, Dress.
,, Hunting.
MACQU AERIE.*
Macqueen.*Macrae. ,, Hunting.
,, op Conchra (Sheriflfmuir Tartan).
(Red).
Mactaggart.*Mactavish.*Malcolm.*Matheson.* „ Hunting.
Maxwell.
Melville (see Oliphant and Melville).
Menzies.* ,, (Black and Red).
„ (Black and White).
,, Hunting.
Middleton. *
Montgomeeie.* „ Old.
Morrison.*Mo WAT.*
MUNEO.* (Red).
MUEEAT, AtHOLE.*

VI

MUERAT, TOLLIBARDINE.
Napiee.*
Nicolson {see Macnicol or Nicolson),
OGIL•^^E.* ,, (Green).
Oliphant* and Melville.*
Ramsay.*Ratteay.* Rob Roy.
robeetson.* ,, Hunting.
Rose.* „ (Red).
Ross.* ,, Hunting.
Rothesay, Duke of.*
,, Hunting.
Russell.*
RUTHVEN.* Scott.* ,, Hunting.
(Black and White).
Shephehd.

LIST OF PLATES OF TARTANS.
Sinclaie.*

,, (Green).
Skene.* (Yellow Stripes).
Stewaet, Royal.*Peince Chaeles Edwaed.
Appin.* Old.Hunting.
Atholl.*Bute.* Deess.
(Black Ground).
(Black and A\'hite).
Stratheaen.*

Sutherland.*

\

Old.
Ukquhaet.* Old.
ViCTOEIA. ^\'ALLACE, Old.*
¦\VE5IYSS. *

\

THE CLAN MACFARLANE

War Cry :— " Loch Sloigh " ("The Loch of the Host ").
Clan Pipe Music : — Gathering—' ' Thogail nam b6 " (" Lifting the Cattle ").
March — " MacFarlane's March."
Badge : — Muileag (Cranberry), Oireag, foighreag, or feireag (Cloudl)erry).

T

HIS clan and surname are descended from the ancient Celtic Earls of
the district to which they belonged — the Lennox.
" The wild MacFarlane's plaided clan "
occupied the land forming the western shore of Loch Lomond from Tarbet
upwards. From Loch Sloy, a small sheet of water near the foot of Ben
Voirlich, they took their Cathghairm of "Loch Sloigh." The remote ancestor
of this clan is said to have been Duncan MacGilchrist, a younger brother of
Malduin, Earl of Lennox. Duncan appears in the Ragman Roll of 1296.
His grandson was Bartholomew, which in Gaelic is " Parian,'' from whom the
clan are designed, the letters " Ph " in MacPharlain sounding like F in Gaelic.
Robert I. granted a Charter to Dougal MacFarlane of the lands of Kindowie,
Argushouche, etc.
Malcolm was the sixth Laird, and got from Duncan, Earl of Lennox, a
Charter of the Lands of Arroquhar, in the north-west of Dumbartonshire,
dated at the Castle of Inchmurrin in 1395. The direct male line of these
ancient chiefs failed, and their estates were forfeited. By marriage with a
daughter of the Earl of Lennox Andrew MacFarlane succeeded in 1493; but
his son was only allowed the title of Captain of the clan. Sir John MacFarlane
of that Ilk was slain at Flodden ; he had been knighted by the King the
night before the battle.
The MacFarlanes emulated the MacGregors in their raids upon the
Lowland districts as much as their limited number allowed.
There was a bond of Manrent granted to Hugh, Master of Eglinton, in
1545 by Duncan, uncle to the Laird of MacFarlane at Irwine. Walter
MacFarlane of Tarbet was among the slain at Pinkey in 1547. At Langside,
in 1567, they fought under Murray's banner.
In 1578 it would appear from the Privy Council Register that the clan
were guilty of considerable bloodshed. Andrew MacFarlane of Arroquhar
and that Ilk appears in the Roll of Landlords in 1587 who were made by
Parliament responsible for their clans. In 1594 the MacFarlanes were
denounced as robbers and oppressors; and in 1608 the old standing feud
between them and the Colquhouns culminated in the slaughter of the Laird
of Luss, and they were declared rebels by law. This did not prevent them
from following Montrose in 1644-45, and their wild pibroch, "Thogail nam
bo," was heard in many of his battles. At Bothwell Bridge, in 1679, they

The Clan MacFarlane — -continued.
were among the foremost in storming the gateway through which the Guards
charged. Walter MacFarlane of that Ilk was one of the most learned antiquaries of
the eighteenth century. A portrait of him was presented by his son Walter in
1794 to the Antiquarian Society of Scotland. Robert MacFarlane, one of
the clan, an eminent political and miscellaneous writer, born in Scotland in
1734, was author of various historical works, such as The Rights of the Grown
of Scotland, The Authenticity of Ossian, etc. He was killed by a fall from a
carriage at Hammersmith in 1804.
Another of the clan, Major-General MacFarlane, under fire of the guns of
H.M. Ships Warrio7' and Success, in 1809 led the British troops with dis
tinguished bravery at the storm and capture of the Island of Ischia, in the
Bay of Naples, and afterwards at the capture of Procida.
In 1624 many of the clan were driven out of Arroquhar and went to
Aberdeenshire, where they assumed the names of MacCondy, MacGriesack,
Maclnnes, etc. The last descendant of the chiefs is said to have gone to
America at the end of the eighteenth century, and his house of Arroquhar
became the property of the Duke of Argyle, and w-as long used as an
inn for travellers from Tarbet to Glencroe and Inverary.

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MACFARLANE.

MACFARLANE (Black and White)

THE MACFIES OR MACPHEES

Badge : — Darag (Oak) or Dearca fitliich (Crowberry).

THE oldest form of this surname is Macduffie ("MacDubh-sithe"), and
we find it so written in a charter of 1463. The original home of
the Clan was Colonsay, of which they were in possession till
about the middle of the seventeenth century. One of the Macphees of
Colonsay lies buried in lona, with the inscription on his tomb : —
" Hio JACET Malcolumbus Macduffie db Colonsay."
The name of the Macduffie chief in 1531 was Murroch. In 1609 Donald
MacPie of Colonsay was one of the twelve chiefs and gentlemen who met
the Bishop of the Isles, the king's representative, at lona, when, with their
consent, the celebrated "Statues of loolmkill" were enacted. In 1G15 Mal-
calm MacFie of Colonsay joined Sir James MacDonald of Islay after his
escape from the Castle of Edinburgh, and was one of the principal leaders
in his subsequent rebellions. He and eighteen others were delivered by
Coll Kitto MacDonald ("Colla Ciotach") to the Earl of Argyll, by whom he
was brought before the Privy Council, for we learn that in 1623 Coll Kitto
was delated for the murder of the umquhile Malcolm ^laophee. Tradition
says that Coll Kitto searched the island of Colonsay in pursuit of Macphee,
who had concealed himself in a lake with nothing bvit his nose and mouth
above water. The pursuers were about to leave when their attention was
drawn to a gull hovering in an unusual manner near this spot. On looking
they discovered poor Macphee, and killed him. From this period their estate
seems to have gone into the possession of the ^laoDonalds, and afterwards to
the Duke of Argyll, who exchanged Colonsay and Oronsay for Crerar, in
South Knapdale, with Donald MacNeill, two of whose descendants have shed
great lustre upon Colonsay in law and in diplomacy — Lord Colonsay and his
brother, the Right Hon. Sir John MacNeill, G.C.B.
On the death of Sir John Carstairs MacNeill, K.C.M.G., V.C, in 1904,
the island was purchased by Lord Strathcona.
When the Macphees were dispossessed of their original inheritance they
became a "Broken Clan,"' lost their independence, and so was obliged to rank
under more powerful clans. The greater part followed the MacDonalds of
Islay ; others settled in the country of the Camerons under Lochiel, where
they were distinguished for their bravery; others found homes on both
entrances to the Firth of Clyde ; while others settled in the north of Ireland,
where the name is spelt according to the primitive pronunciation — ilcHafFe
and MacAfee. In Kintyre the name assumed the form M'Covvie (Mac-co-vee),
and some of the name emigrated to Canada before the middle of last century, .
24

The MacFies or MacPhees — continued.
where their descendants are still to be found (see Argyll's Highlands, p. 289).
It is generally believed that the Macphees are connected by descent with
the MacGregors and MacKinnons {see Skene's Highlanders of Scotland, p. 344),
and so some members of the clan use the badge of the Clan Alpine (Pine),
while the majority wear that of the Camerons.

MACFIE.

THE CLAN MACGILLIVRAY

War Cry : — "Dunmaglass."
Clan Pipe Music :— March— "The MacGillivrays' March."
Badge : — Lus nam braoileag (Red '\\''hortleberry).

THE MacGillivrays are regarded as among the oldest septs of Clan
Chattan. They are known in Gaelic as " Clann Mhic Gillebhrath,"
and, according to the Croy MS. history, it is said that about the
year 1268 " MacGillivray, progenitor of Clan vie Gillivray, took protection
and dependence for himself and posterity of this Farquhard Macintosh (fifth
of Macintosh, who was killed in 1274, aged thirty-six)."
It is more than likely that the MacGillivray's came originally from the
West Coast — probably from Mull — where we find them centuries ago, and
where they are still to be found in considerable numbers. Those of them
who travelled northward must have been settled at Dunmaglass, in the Braes
of Strathnairn, long before we know their authentic history.
Duncan MacGillivray, who flourished about 1500, is regarded as first of
Dunmaglass. His son Farquhar, styled " Farquhar-vic-Conchie," is in evi
dence as early as 1547; while Farquhar's son, "Alister Mor," is on record
in 1578, and is designated " Allister-vic-Farquhar-vic-Conchie of Dunmaglass."
In 1609, when the famous Clan Chattan Bond of Union was signed,
Alister was dead, and his son Farquhar being a minor, those who signed for
the Clan MacGillivray were " Malcolm-vic-Bean in Dalcrombie, Ewen-vic-Ewen
in Aberchalder, and Duncan-vic-Farquhar in Dunmaglass." Farquhar and
his two sons, Donald and William, who founded respectively the families of
Dalcrombie and Lairgs, were signators to the famous Clan Chattan Bond of
1664. (For the text of this historic document see Dr Eraser Mackintosh's
Minor Sejyts of Clem Chattan, p. 8.) This Bond was signed by twenty-eight
gentlemen — heads of families — including nine MacPhersons, five Mackintoshes,
four Farquharsons, three MacGillivrays, two MacBeans, two Shaws, one
MacQueen, and two others by initials.
Farquhar died about 1678, and was succeeded by his grandson Farquhar,
who, on account of his haughty and turbulent disposition, was styled
"Fiadhaich" (wild). It was during his time that the dispute with Mac
intosh regarding marches at Lairgs arose, when a witness who swore falsely
for Dunmaglass, convicted for perjury on the spot, was burned alive, the
place of immolation being still pointed out.
Farquhar died about the beginning of the eighteenth century, and was
succeeded by his son Farquhar in 1714. The MacGillivrays took an active
part in the rising of 1715. The laird and his brother, William, were captain
and lieutenant respectively in the Clan Chattan Regiment ; while there was
another Farquhar MacGillivray, also lieutenant. The two former, at least,

The Clan MacGillivray — continued.
got off, but one John MacGillivray, apparently of good standing, was tried
and convicted on 25th January, and executed at Wigan 10th February 1716.
Farquhar was succeeded by his eldest son, Alexander, in 1740. This
Alexander was extensively engaged in cattle dealing, and was known as
"Alister-Ruadh-na-feille." He led his clansmen at Culloden, and, fighting,
fell at a well on the battlefield, which still bears his name. He was buried
at Petty, near Inverness. The MacGillivrays fell in scores at Culloden,
including, of officers, at least, one colonel, one major, two captains, and one
lieutenant. Alexander was succeeded by his brother William. The estate was by this
time in a very embarrassed condition. He got a captaincy in the Gordon
Regiment, and died in 1783.
His son, John Lachlan MacGillivray, succeeded him. He possessed the
estate for nearly seventy years (1783-1852). He died in 1852, "possessed
of some £40,000 of money, which was destined by will, including a year's
rent to all his tenants ; also the heritable estates undisposed of, but free and
unburdened." A severe competition arose as to all the estates except one,
that of Easter Aberchalder, there being no doubt that it fell to the Hon.
John MacGillivray, of Upper Canada, heir m.ale of the line of Donald, Tutor
of Dunmaglass, and eldest surviving son of Farquhar MacGillivray of Dal
crombie. Dunmaglass, Easter Gask, and Wester Lairgs were destined to
heirs male, and the contest was betwixt the said John MacGillivray, who,
dying, his son, Neil John, descendant of Donald the Tutor, on the one part,
and the Rev. Lachlan MacGillivray, descendant of William of Lairgs, brother
of Donald the Tutor, on the other part, the question being whether Donald
or William was the elder, and determined in favour of Neil John.
The Hon. John succeeded as heir male to John Lachlan in 1852, and died
died in 1855. Neil John succeeded his father John in Aberchalder, and made
good his claim to Dunmaglass, Easter Gask, and Wester Lairgs. He sold
the last two estates, and was succeeded in Dunmaglass and Easter Aber
chalder by his son, J. W. MacGillivray, the present Dunmaglass, in whose
time, alas ! the remaining estates had to be compulsorily sold, and the whole
of the once important estates of the ^MacGillivrays are lost to the Clan
Chattan except Wester Lairgs, which is the property of The Macintosh. As
Dr Eraser-Mackintosh remarks, "No MacGillivray now owns land, and the
name has been so scattered as to be found in the greatest numbers in clan
gatherings and associations within the great cities of the south. The Mac
Gillivrays have a fine record to look back upon, and it is relied on that
wherever they are they will act up to it.
The present Dunmaglass, the chief of the clan, is resident in India.

MACGILLIVRAY.

THE CLAN MACGREGOR
(OR CLAN GREGOR)

War Cry :— "Ard-choille" (The High Wood).
Clan Pipe .1/H,.5ic :— Gathering— " Ruaig Ghlinn Fraoine" ("The Chase of Glen Fruin ").
Salute— "Fkilte Chlann Ghriogair" ("The MacGregors' Salnte"). March— "The Mac
Gregors' March." Laments — "Cumha Mhic Griogair" (" MacGregor's Lament") and
"MacGregor of Riiaro's Lament." Badge : — Giuthas (Pine Tree).

THIS is a clan of ancient lineage, and who, according to their motto,
" 'S Rioghail mo dhream " (" Royal is my race "), claim Royal descent.
The clan derives its name from the Latin Gregorius. The earliest
possessions of the clan were in Glenorchy, and they made their graves in
the small Chapel of Dysart, near Dalmally, from the fourteenth century.
Their possessions had doubtless been given to them by kinsmen who were
lords of their lands before the days of charters ; thus when new prospectors,
armed with grants from a different line of kings, came flourishing fresh titles,
the original inhabitants could not understand the value of the "bits of
parchment," and strove to assert " Coir a' chlaidheimh," or right of the sword.
Hence began a series of feuds and of armed resistance, which other causes
fostered, and which lasted for centuries. Powerful and treacherous neighbours
found means to usurp the MacGregor lands by Royal grants, and carried to
the ears of the sovereign the worst accounts of the conduct of the oppressed
clan, who, in fighting for their own homes, used violence to meet violence
and craft, and had no respite or opportunity of leading more peaceful lives
given to them. Persecution only increased their courage and their endurance,
and throughout their hardships they remained loyal to the king, of which
they gave ample proof in the reign of Charles I., as also of fidelity to his
descendants in the eighteenth century. Well might Sir Walter Scott say of
them, " They were famous for their misfortunes and the indomitable courage
with which they maintained themselves as a clan."
The lands of Glenorchy passed away by the marriage of an heiress, after
which MacGregor of Glenstray exercised the chiefship for several centuries.
In 1603 a conflict took place between the Clan Gregor and the Colquhouns
of Luss, who were not hereditary enemies, but who had been induced to
endeavour to execute a commission of " fire and sword " issued by King
James VI. against the dreaded clan. The battle was fought in January
1603, and although the result was victory for the MacGregors, the authorities
were so incensed that they afterwards aimed at the annihilation of the wliole
clan. Alexander MacGregor, the brave and honourable chief, was eventually
apprehended and executed in Edinburgh, with many of his followers, in 1604.
He left no descendants, but the line continued in sons of his brother Joiui,

Tjik (!i,an MacGregor — continued.
who was slain in the conflict of Glenfruin, whore his able tactics had largely
contributed to the success of the clan. His eldest son was eventually in
duced to sell Stronmelochan, the last remaining portion of the (Uenstrae
property, to Campbell of (Uenorchy, but the line did not become extinct till
1706, when MacGregor of Ard-choille, of the House of Ladasaoh, descended
from Gregor Aluinn, the original stem, became chief, although landless.
This direct descendant and representative is Sir Malcolm MacGregor, Bart.
MacGregor of Roro, in Glenlyon, is undoubtedly the oldest cadet of the
clan, and is mentioned early in the fifteenth century. The last holding of
the property was sold in 1760. Many descendants survive, but it is difficult
to determine the actual representative. Learagan and Dunan in Rannoch
descended from Roro, also subsequently Raigmore and others in Inverness-
shire. Mac({regor of Balhaldies, another cadet of Roro, and junior to Learagan,
was elected chief by a small number of the clan in 1707, chiefly for political
reasons. MacGregor of Glengyle was an old cadet, but certainly junior to Roro.
They were a numerous and specially active branch, who only occasionally
followed the chief The noted Rob Roy was of this house, of which the
present representative is Norman MacGregor, brother of the late General
Sir Charles MacGregor.
The MacGregors of Dundurn (a property on the Earn near where the
river leaves the loch) are first mentioned in historical records in 1527.
The name MacGregor was absolutely proscribed after Glenfruin under the
liiost severe penalties, but an Act to annul the suppression of the name was
passed in Parliament in November 1774.
Many sons of the clan have distinguished themselves as soldiers, com
manders, governors of colonies, physicians, clergymen, merchants, and bankers,.
and the energy and spirit which sustained them in misfortune chai-acteriso
them still, and the words of the song —
"MacGregor, despite them, shall flourish for ever,"
remain true.
There is a Clan Gregor Society, which holds its meetings alternately in
Edinburgh and Glasgow.

MACGREGOR.

THE MACHARDYS

War Cry :— " Cirn-na-cuimhne " (" Cairn of Remembrance ").
Badge :— Aiteanu (Juniper) or Lus nam braoileag (Red Whortleberry).

THE MacHardys are a sept of the famous " Siol Torcul," who, early in
the dawn of Scottish history, are found, hardy Norsemen as they
were, holding by their swords large portions of lands in the north
and west and the islands of Scotland ; and long ere the entry of their sept
of ilac(;illechalum to Raasay, others of their kith had held that isle and
other lands pertaining to it.
Their traditions and evidences go to show that when ^Malcolm Canmore
was in the North quelling rebellious northern chiefs, he took hostages south
with him, and, as was customary, the hostages were placed for safe custody
in charge of some of his vassals in the south. From the MacLeods in Raasay
he took hostages for their future good behaviour. These hostages he placed
111 Braemar, in Aberdeenshire, where, on account of their skill as archers,
they were chosen to be put into the king's bodyguard, in which they dis
tinguished themselves as archers and for bravery and endurance, and thence
came to be called " Cruadalach " or " Hardj'," and, being ruddy-haired, also
as the " MacHardy Buidhies," or yellow MacHardys.
Between 1388 and 1700 the "Buidhe" MacHardys were possessed of
lands, held of the Earl of Mar, at Crathie, Crathie Naird, and Daldownie, in
the parish of Crathie ; the ^luiress, in the parish of Tulloch ; and the estates
of Kinbittack and Corgarff, some of which they held up to 1715, when the
estates of ^Mar were forfeited. They fought for the Stuarts in 1715 and
1745. There were in Strathdon several families of the name MacHardy, but of
a difterent race from the "Buidhies," and they were called the "Dubh" or
"Black' MacHardys. There were some intermarriages with the "Buidhies.''
The "Dubhs" claim a French origin, and this would not be inappropriate to
the second MacHardy crest here mentioned.
When what was known as the Press Gang Act was fii-st attempted to be
enforced in the Highlands, two Mar MacHardys (grandfathers of men now
alive) were attempted to be impressed but resisted. One of them went to
ilacLeod in Skye and appealed to him, as his chief, for protection, and Mac
Leod, being in favour with the Government at the time, was glad to help
the MacHardys, and procured their freedom from impressment.
There are many entries extant in old church register books of the last
two centuries showing that these ]\IacHardys were often styled "MacLeod
alias MacHardy Buie." The Rev. Wm. MacHardy, who died in 1809, a very
old man, at Braemar, frequently signed himself simply " Wm. MacLeod."
ilany of liis relations, all MacHardys, live still there and in Corgarff.

The MacHardys — continued.
The last recognised head of this family was Donald MacHardy " Buie " of
Daldownie, who died in 1870. He held to the MacLeod ancestry, and he
preserved with great care the tartan which his forefathers had worn and
used in the risings of '15 and '45, and which is still in existence, and corre
sponds with the sett given in the Vestiariuon Scoticum. The "Buidhe" Mac
Hardys claim that by them, and by them only, was their tartan preserved.
And MacHardy crests (of which two appear) are : (1) The rising sun, with
the motto " Luceo non uro"; and (2) Arm in armour embowed, in hand a
scimitar, with motto "Toiite hardi." The former is used by the "Buidhe"
MacHardys, and is identical with the crest and motto of the Gillechalums
{MacLeods) of Raasay. This, taken with some similarity of tartan and well-
known traditions (vide Legends of the Braes o' Mar), and entries in old
registers, are held by "Buidhe" leading clansmen to put their descent from
MacLeods of Raasay beyond doubt.
The MacHardys are still to be found resident in Mar, Upper Deeside,
CorgarflF, Glenlivet, and Tomintoul. On the break-up of the Mar estates
they, according to the clan system, appear as clansmen xmder difterent other
ehiefs, on whose estates they lived as tenants and retainers. A striking
proof of this was seen about 1865, when Queen Victoria commanded portraits
of a representative of each Highland clan to be painted, and when the late
William MacHardy, Mar Forest, was taken as representing the MacDuflfClan;
his brother's son, Charles of Strathdon, the Clan Forbes of Newe ; his sister's
son, James Bowman, the Clan Farquharson ; another nephew, Charles Duncan,
the Royal Stewart Clan ; a cousin, Donald Gordon, the Clan Gordon ; and
three more clansmen represented severally three different other clans. And
it is worth noting that, to this day, in the hair and other physical conforma
tion of living members of the clan, the tale of the Norse ancestry proclaims
itself most strikingly ; and, further, that at this day many descendants of
the hardy Norsemen, rising above great local disadvantages, are found to
have raised themselves to prominent offices in the ruling of Scotland and
Scottish affairs.

MACHARDY.

THE MACINNESES

Badge : — Cuileann (Holly).

THE Maclnneses being of common origin with the Clan MacDonald, are
recognised as a sept of "the premier clan." The name Angus (in
Gaelic "Aonghas," hence "Clann Aonghais" — Children of Angus),
whether we regard it as a personal or as a place-name, is very ancient in
Scotland, the first to bear it being the brother of Loam and Fergus, the earliest
kings of the Dalriadic Scots. "The Scottish kingdom of Dalriada," says
Skene, " was at this time (end of fifth century) confined within very narrow
limits, and could hardly claim a higher position than a Mor-tuath, as we find
that it consisted of the three tribes . . . termed the three powerfuls in Dal
riada. These were the Cineal (or clan) Gabran, the Cineal Angus, and the
Cineal Loam, who traced their descent from the three sons of Eochaidh —
Fergus, Angus, and Loam — who led the colony from the Irish Dalriada.
The Cineal Gabran occupied Kintyre in its old extent, including Knapdale,
the district of Cowal, and the islands of Arran and Bute, and consisted of
560 houses. The Cineal Angus possessed Islay and Jura, and consisted of
430 houses. The Cineal Loarn possessed the extensive district of that name,
extending from Loch Leven to the point of Ashnish, and part of the opposite
coast of Morven, and consisted of 420 houses."
The Scottish territorial name of Angus is also very old. The district is
said to have been called after Angus, a brother of Kenneth II., to whom it
had been given by the king.
The following quotation is taken from Fragments of a Manuscript History
of the MacDonalds, written in the reign of Charles II. by Hugh MacDonald,
the historian of Sleat, in Skye. It reads as follows : —
"Sommerled, the son of Gilbert, began to muse on the low condition and
misfortune to which he and his father were reduced, and kept at first very
retired. In the meantime Allan Mac Vic Allin, coming with some forces to
the land of Morverin for pillage and herships, intending to retire to Lochaber,
from whence he came. . . . Sommerled thought now it was high time to
make himself known for the defence of his country, if he could, or at least
see the same, having no company for the time. . . . Godfrey Du had posses
sion of the Isles of the north side of Ardnamurchan from the King of Den
mark. Olay compelled the inhabitants of some of these isles to infest
Morverin by landing some forces there. The principal names in the country
were Maclnneses and MacGillivrays, who are the same as the Maclnneses.
They, being in sight of the enemy, could act nothing without one to com
mand them. At length they agreed to make the first person that should
appear to them their general. Who came in the meantime but Sommerled
with his bow, quiver, and sword. Upon his appearance they raised a great

The MacInnbsbs — continued.
shout of laughter. Sommerled enquiring the reason, they answered they
were rejoiced at his appearance. They told him that they had agreed to
make the first that would appear their general. Sommerled said he would
undertake to lead them, or serve as a man otherwise. But if they pitched
upon him as their commander, they should swear to be obedient to his com
mands; so without any delay they gave him an oath of obedience." We
know the result. By his courage and skill, combined with the bravery of
the men under his command, he completely defeated the Norse pirates, and,
following up his success, he soon afterwards recovered his paternal inheritance
and made himself master of a great portion of Argyll, and thenceforth
assumed the title of Lord, Thane, or Regulus of Argyll, and became one of
the most powerful chiefs in Scotland.
Both Morven and Ardgour appear to have belonged to "Clann Aonghais"
until the time of John, first Lord of the Isles, when it is said Maclnnes, one
of the Councillors of the Isles, was treacherously murdered, with his five sons,
at Ardtornish Castle, and his lands were given to the Clan MacLean, about
1390. The I Maclnneses were hereditary bowmen to the chiefs of the Clan Mac
Kinnon — evidently a bodyguard. The first of these, and also one of the first
who migrated from Morven to Skye, was a famous warrior-archer known as
"Niall a' Bhogha" — Neil of the Bow. Some of his descendants are said to
be still in Skye.
For several centuries we find the history of the Maclnneses merged almost
entirely into that of their kinsmen the MacDonalds, and with the latter the
personal name Angus or ^Eneas appears to have been as great a favourite as
even Donald itself
When the clan was in power their country included the whole district of
Morven, for which they rendered military service to the Lords of the Isles,
their chief seat being the ancient castle of Kinlochaline, long since silent and
deserted ; but with its massive, ivy-clothed turreted keep overhanging the
rocky estuary of the Gearr-Abhainn, it is still one of the most picturesque
ruins of the western mainland.
To a gallant member of the clan — Colonel Maclnnes, Glendaruail, a native
of Skye — we are indebted for that noble record of insular patriotism entitled
The Brave Sons of Skye.

MACINNES.

>nHIwen H
5o

THE MACINROYS

NATURALLY colour forms an important role'in Gaelic names. The
words "fionn," white, "dubh," black, and "donn," brown, are the
leading colour elements in names, coming either before or after the
chief element, preferably before. The " gille " names in Gaelic divide them
selves into two classes, those with adjectives and those with saint names.
The adjectives nearly all denote colours.
From " b^n,'' or white, we have MacGilvane, now used as Gaelic for the
surname Whyte. From "donn," brown, we have the Gaelic name for Brown,
that is " M'llledhuinn." From "dubh," black, comes the translation for
Black " M'llledhuibh," given in old records as " M'Gilleduff." From " ruadh,"
red, comes the surname Gilroy, which appears in the records as "M'Oulroy,"
and so the surname Maclnroy is probably from " Mac-an-ruaidh," son of the
red — although it may also mean the son of some Iain Ruadh or Red John
("Mac Iain Ruaidh").
Stewart of Garth in his Sketches of the Character, Manners, and Present
State of the Highlanders of Scotland states that the Maclnroys of Atholl are
septs of the Robertsons or " Clan Donnachaidh " and a comparison of the
tartans is favourable to this view.

MACINROY.

MACINTOSH OF MACINTOSH
(CHIEF OF CLAN CHATTAN)

Badge : — Bocsa (Boxwood) or Lus nam Braoileag (Red Whortleberry).

THE Macintoshes form the leading sept of Clan Chattan, their chief
being the " captain " or " chief" of Clan Chattan (see Clan Chattan,
under "Chief Macintosh"). The name means "Son of the
T6iseach," a vrord latterly translated as "thane," and even "bailie,',' or
"baron bailie," or "steward." Originally, under Pictish rule, the T6iseach
was the next in rank to the Earl, or "Mormaor," and in the Book of Deer
(1100 A.D.) it means "clan chief" The particular thane from which Mac
intosh gets his name is doubtless the thanedom of Rothiemurchus, " my
native country," as Lachlan Mor, the chief, pathetically calls it in 1569, when
the Macintoshes were forced to part with it.
The seventeenth century genealogists represent Macintosh as descended
from the Thane of Fife ; but there was no such Thane — the title was Earl.
The mistake is Fordun's, immortalised by Shakespeare ; the existence of a
MacDuff in Macbeth's time is unlikely, for MacDuff is merely a surname.
Gillemichel MacDuff is earl in David I.'s reign, but Duff is his father's name ;
and the MacDuff who made claims on the earldom in Balliol's reign may, at
that late date, be named by a surname, for Mac surnames were then becom
ing common. "In the case of the Macintoshes," as one writer says, "the
MacDuff descent is both fictitious and factitious.'' Its origin is due to the
word thane and the fame of the MacBeth legend.
In the Chartulary of Moray appears, in 1234, a Ferchar, son of Seth, who,
from another entry, must have been " Senescallus " or Steward of Badenoch
under Walter Comyn, afterwards Earl of Menteith. The name appears in
the 1450 MS. in the Macintosh genealogy, and in the Macintosh genealogy,
though slightly later in date Shaw or Seth dies 1265, Ferchar 1274. Seth
is for Shaw, or rather " Sitheach " (wolf), a Christian name not uncommon
then; Bower, in recording the North Inch fight, gives the name as Shea;
Major as Sceach [SheachJ ; Wynton as Schir. The Shaws and Macintoshes
are of the same origin. It is possible that this Ferchar, son of Sitheach, is
the first "Mac-an-T6isich." The surname can hardly be sought for further
back ; most of the Northern clans have their eponymus in the fourteenth
century; the oldest surnames are those of MacDougall (circa 1200) and
MacDonald (circa 1250). The genealogy makes Angus, son of Ferchar, in
1291 marry Eva, heiress of Clan Chattan, whereby he got the clan chiefship
and the lands. The truth probably is that Angus Macintosh about 1300
married "Eva de Insulis" — of the Isles — widow of Alexander Gumming of
Badenoch, and previously of Alexander de Moravia, mentioned in 1296 as

Macintosh of Macintosh — continued.
claiming her "maintenance" while her husband, Comyn, is- an English
prisoner. The old antiquarian who records her third marriage calls her
heiress of Lochaber. Of course she may have had claims on Lochaber
through her husband, Comyn; and Macintosh may have thus had claims
in Lochaber one hundred years earlier than usually supposed. An account
of the later chiefs will be found under The Clan Macintosh.
The historical Clan Chattan was a confederation really, and the Bond of
1609 gives us the real components. These were: Macintoshes, Macphersons,
Macqueens, MacBeans, Macleans of Dochgarroch, MacGillivrays, Shaws, and
also MaePhails. The Farquharsons of Braemar are an early offshoot, and
sporadic names like Gow, Gillanders, and Clark are claimed. There seems to
he good reason to believe that Davidson also formed a part of the Macpherson
clan, although the whole name of Davidson is of much wider connotation
than attaches to the Clan Chattan. The name Cattanach interchanges with
Macintosh in the oldest records. About 1600 the habitat of these septs
mostly lay thus : Macintoshes, all over the Clan Chattan country ; Mac
phersons, in Badenoch and in Strathnairn, Petty, etc. — indeed, it may be
questioned if the original "parson" was not from the vicinity of Inverness;
Macqueens, in Upper Strathdearn ; MacBeans, in Dores and thereabouts ;
Shaws, in Rothiemurchus and Strathnairn ; MacGillivrays, in Strathnairn.
(See Minor Septs of Clan Chattan, by Dr Fraser-Maclntosh).
The name of the clan — Chattan — is derived from an ancestor called
" Gillie-cattan " devotee of St. Catan (little cat), but his date and history are
both unknown to true history. That he was an ancestor of Ferchard the
T6iseach of 1234 seems undoubted; he may have been the first to acquire
Rothiemurclius from the Bishop of Moray. The Clan Chattan has no con
nection either in name or history with the "Catti of Cataobh " or Sutherland.
This tartan, according to Smith, is supposed to be " the genuine set which
has been worn by the chiefs of the distinguished clan for many generations."
The chiefs of some clans wore separate tartans from their men, which accounts
for there being two tartans under the name of Macintosh.

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MACINTOSH (CHIEF)

THE CLAN MACINTOSH

War Cry : — "Loch Moigh" ("Loch of the Plain," in an island of which tlie former
chiefs had their stronghold).
Clan Pipe Music : — Gathering — " Clan Chattan's Gathering." Lament — " Cumha Mhic-an
TMsich " (" Macintosh's Lament ").
Badge : —Bocsa (Boxwood) or Lus nam Braoileag (Red Whortleberry).

THE first real chief of line is Malcolm Macintosh (1430-64); his father's
name was probably William, and he was certainly of a junior branch.
He had lands stretching from Petty to Lochaber inclusive, but none
directly from the Crown. His relations with the Lord of the Isles, or Earls
of Ross, were cordial, and his son Duncan married Flora, the Earl's daughter.
The next chief, Duncan, was a prudent and careful man ; but his son and
heir, Ferchar, joined the rebellion of Sir Alexander of Lochalsh in 1491, and,
keeping on a turbulent career, was imprisoned in 1495. Duncan died in
1496. Ferchar was kept in ward till the king's death at Flodden in 1513.
He died the same year without issue. His cousin, William, son of Lachlan
Badenoch, son of Malcolm I., succeeded him, but, owing to internal feuds,
was assassinated in 1515. His brother, Lachlan Beg, succeeded, ruled severely
but wisely, and yet met the same fate as his predecessor, in 1524. He was
married to Jean Gordon, half-sister of the Earl of Moray, who took charge of
his infant son William and brought him up. Hector, bastard son of Ferchar
(III.), became captain of the clan, and gave Moray much trouble because he
took the heir away from the clan.
William, sixth chief, was the first Macintosh chief to get into difficulties
with Huntly, Lord-Lieutenant of the North and Sheriff of Inverness-shire to
Caithness. He was suddenly tried in Aberdeen for conspiring against Huntly's
life, and by a packed jury found guilty. As Huntly dared not behead him
himself, Macintosh was taken to Strathbogie, where the Countess caused the
execution to be carried out (1550). The estates, with compensation for the
murder, were held for his heir, through the powerful influence of Moray and
other relatives. The cause of Huntly's enmity was jealousy at Macintosh's
rising power ; but the slaughters and minorities were severely felt by Clan
Chattan, yet they loyally held together.
Lachlan Mor, son of William, was only seven years old at his father's
execution. He was brought up by Kintail, whose daughter he married. The
quarrel with Huntly still went on, and in 1591 Huntly "banded" the Mac
Phersons of Badenoch against Macintosh, practically nominating Andrew,
tenant of Cluny, as chief Macintosh fought both at Corrichie (1562) and
Glenlivet (1594). He died in 1606, and was succeeded by his grandson,
Lachlan, son of Angus. Lachlan's minority was spent under King James's
eye, and he was latterly a favourite at Court, and got Knighthood as Sir

The Clan Macintosh — continued.
Lachlan. He had trouble both with the Gordons and Camerons— with the
latter over the estates of Glenluy and Locharkeg, which the family had
acquired probably with Eva, but are mentioned first in 1505 as Macintosh
property. He died suddenly in 1622, leaving three sons— William, Lachlan
of Kinrara— the clan historian— and Angus, from whom the later chiefs are
descended. William, ninth chief, was a minor, and his tutor — his uncle, the Laird of
Grant — was a "sair" warden of the estates. His weak health kept him from
taking active part in public affairs, but his clan was on the Royalist side.
The clan had a short and sharp conflict with the Earl of Moray (1622-54),
who sided with Huntly at first. His son Lachlan, succeeding in 1660, after
several fire and sword commissions, compounded with Ewen Cameron for the
Locharkaig estates (1666). He had the same difficulty with the Keppoch
estates ; these were " squatted " on by the descendants of Alister Carrach, Lord
of Lochaber and brother of Donald of the Isles, tracing their descent from
Angus of Fersit, Alexander's illegitimate son. Macintosh got the usual fire
and sword commission in 1678, but it was not till 1688 that he could get
his friends and clansmen to help him. These, with a company of regulars
under MacKenzie of Suddie, fought vrith the MacDonalds at Mulroy and were
defeated. This was the last clan battle. Ten years later, under a new king
and rule. Coll of Keppoch came to terms. Lachlan's commissions sorelj"^ tried
the loyalty of Clan Chattan, and the MacPhersons broke off altogether.
Dying in 1704, he was succeeded by his son, Lachlan, a spirited youth, who
took a gallant part in the '45. He died childless in 1731, and for a hundred
years thereafter no son succeeded a father among the Macintosh chiefs. This
extraordinary occurrence was put down to a curse placed on the chiefs by a
jilted lady Margaret or other.
William, twelfth chief, was grandson of Angus, son of Sir Lachlan, and
died in 1740. His brother, Angus, succeeded, and he got over the '45 period
by a halfhearted support of King George ; while his wife, " Colonel Anne,"
and the clan took the field for Prince Charlie. He was succeeded in 1770
by his nephew, afterwards Sir iEneas, a cultured gentleman, who took much
interest in the clan history and its succession. His second cousin, Alexander,
succeeded him (1820-27). Alexander was son of Duncan, Castle Leather,
son of Alexander, son of Angus, son of Sir Lachlan. He, again, was succeeded
by his brother, Angus, who had settled in Canada. Angus (1827-33) broke
the spell or curse of Moy, and was succeeded by his son, Alexander, seven
teenth chief Dying in 1861, he was succeeded by his son, Alexander JEneas,
who died in 1875. His brother, Alfred Donald, succeeded him as twenty-first
chief, and is the present holder of the title.
There is a Clan Macintosh Society in Inverness.

MACINTOSH.

THE CLAN MACINTYRE

War Cry : — "Cruachan" (A mountain near Loch Awe).
Clan Pipe Music : — Pibroch and March — "Gabhaidh sinn an rathad mor" ("We will take
the Highway "). Salute — " The Macintyre's Salute. ''
Badge : — Fraocli (Common Heath).

THE surname Macintyre is in Gaelic " Mac-an-t-saoir " — the Carpenter's
Son. The traditional history of the clan states that they are a
sept of the MacDonalds of Sleat, Skye, and countenance is given to
this by the fact that they make use of the MacDonald badge — heather. On
one occasion, the legend goes, the chief's galley sprung a leak. The hole was
discovered, and a clansman, forcing his thumb into it, cut off his thumb and
left it there, so that he might be at liberty to assist in the work of sailing
the galley. By so doing he saved the crew from drowning, and was ever
afterwards called "Saor na h-6rdaig" — the Thumb Carpenter or Wright.
Some time afterwards a son of this carpenter, who was known as "Mac-an-
t-saoir" — the Carpenter's Son — leaving Sleat in his galley, resolved to seek
his fortune elsewhere, taking a white cow with him, and vowing that wher
ever the cow would first lie down to rest after landing, he would settle there.
This she did at Glenoe, Loch Etive side, a place still known as " Larach na
iik Baine " — the Site of the White Cow. It is a well-known fact that the
Macintyres of Glenoe occupied these lands for a period of 500 or 600 years
prior to 1806. The tenure by which they held Glenoe from the Campbells
of Glenorchy, afterwards of Breadalbane, was a payment annually in summer
of a snowball and a white fatted calf, reared on the land, which was delivered
over at a stone called "Clach an Laoigh Bhiadhta'' — the Stone of the Fatted
Calf. The snowball could easily be got at the back of Cruachan, and, as
they always kept a white cow or two, a white fatted calf was also procurable.
This arrangement continued till about the beginning of the eighteenth cen
tury, when the tenant of Glenoe, at the time, foolishly agreed to the pay
ment being commuted into money, which then became rent, and was increased
to so large a sum that the Macintyres could not pay it and make a comfort
able living, and in 1806 they were under the necessity of parting with the
home of their fathers.
There was a strong colony of Macintyres resident for many generations
at the village of Cladich, Loch Awe, where they carried on an extensive
weaving industry. A specialty with them was the production of very finely
woven hose and garters, which were made in the various clan tartans. No
Highland costume, however expensive, was complete at that period without
a pair of Cladich garters.
The Macintyres of Glenoe were the chiefs of the Macintyres. Duncan
Macintyre (I.) of Glenoe, chief of the Macintyres, married Mary, daughter
26

The Clan Macintyre — continued.
of Patrick Campbell of Barcaldine, "Para Beag," by whom he had Donald,
his successor. Duncan died in 1695.
Donald (II.) of Glenoe was married twice. By his first wife, Janet,
daughter of Archibald MacDonell of Keppoch, he had a daughter. By his
second wife, Catherine, daughter of MacDonald of Dalness, he had three
children — James, Catherine, and Mary.
James (III.) of Glenoe was born about 1727. He studied law for some
time, but gave it up, after his father's death, to take charge of Glenoe. He
was an excellent Gaelic scholar, and the author of several Gaelic poems. He
married Ann, daughter of Duncan Campbell of Barcaldine, and sister of
" Cailein Ghlinn lubhair." He had three sons and six daughters — Donald,
Martin, Duncan ; Catherine, Ann, Isabel, Mary, Lucy, and Jean.
Duncan, the third son, was a captain in one of the Highland regiments,
and the last Macintyre who held Glenoe. He died in London in 1 808.
Donald (IV.), the eldest son, succeeded his father in the chiefship of the
clan. He was a doctor. He went to New York in 1783. He married Easter
Hanies, by whom he had four sons — James, Donald, Thomas, and Martin.
He died in 1792.
James (V.), eldest son of Dr Donald Macintyre, was born in Newburgh,
Orange County, New York, 1785. He came to Scotland in 1806, and
married, in 1817, Ann, daughter of Peter Campbell of Corries, Glenorchy,
by his wife, Joan, daughter of John Campbell of Fassiefern. He returned
to the United States in 1822, and settled on a farm in Fulton County, New
York. He had six sons — Donald, Peter, James, Ewen, Archibald, and Martin.
He died in 1863.
Donald (VI.) settled on a farm near Fonda. He married Phebe Shepherd,
by whom he had one son— James — and four daughters. He died in October
1887. James (VII.) was born in January 1864, and is the present chief of the
Macintyres. Mr Duncan Macintyre, Leith, one of the Camus-na-h-Eireadh branch, and
fourteenth in descent from the first chief of whom there is any authentic
record, has probably the best claim to the chiefship of anyone resident in
this country. He is the son of the late Rev. John Macintyre, LL.D., of
Kilmonivaig. He has in his possession the Glenoe ring, having engraved
on it the Macintyre crest, with the motto " Per Ardua." This ring was care
fully examined by Duncan hkn Macintyre, the famous hunter bard of Glen
orchy. On that occasion the bard composed some Gaelic verses descriptive
of the ring and the armorial bearings of the clan.
There were Macintyres in Badenoch who were attached to the Clan
Chattan ; while a family of Macintyres in Perthshire were hereditary pipers
to Menzies of Menzies.
The Macintyres fought under the banner of the Stewarts of Appin in
1745. ^"^

MACINTYRE.

¦V1

MACINTYRE (Red).

MACINTYRE (GLENORCHY)

THIS tartan is generally regarded as a district one. Glenorchy was
adjacent to the Macintyre country, and consequently, a good many
of the clan settled there, among them the famous bard, Duncan b^n
Macintyre, who was born in the district in 1724, and spent the best part of
his life as forester around his much beloved Bendorain.

MACINTYRE, GLENORCHY.

THE MACIVERS OR MACIVORS

Clan Pipe Music : — Lament — " Maciver's Lament.''

AS far back as the thirteenth century Iver Crom possessed some lands
in Argyllshire. Tradition says that he conquered Cowal for King
Alexander II., and while the origin of this Iver Crom, is difficult to
determine it is on record that he possessed Asknish, Lergachonie, and other
lands between Craignish and Kilmelfort, and also that portion of Glassary
which extends from the lower part of Lochawe to the river Add. Among
these who had lands in Argyllshire in 1292 we have Malcolm Maciver, who
was a son or grandson of Iver Crom, and who was chief of clan Iver. In
1361 Iver Maciver of Lergachonie was chief of the Macivers. About 1500
we find the chief of the clan was Iver Maciver of Lergachonie, who had
three sons, Duncan, his heir, Charles, and Iver Ban. Iver, son of Charles
was chief in 1564. He died without issue. Duncan, son of Charles, gave
in 1581 to Archibald, son of Iver Ban, a feu charter of Lergachonie, and
received from him in return the lands of Asknish. Duncan had three
children, Iver, Charles, and Mary. Iver had a son, Iver, who died about
1605. Charles succeeded his father in Asknish and Stronshiray. Charles
of Asknish was succeeded by his son Iver. Iver was forfeited in 1685 for
supporting Archibald, ninth Earl of Argyll, in his rebellion. After the
revolution' of 1688, Archibald, tenth Earl of Argyll, gave the estates which
had belonged to Iver to his son Duncan, but imposed as a condition that
Duncan and his heirs of the family of Maciver should bear the surname
and Arms of Campbell. Sir Humphry Trafford Campbell, who died in
1818, was the last descendant in the male line of Duncan Maciver of
Stronshiray. Iver was really the last chief of the Macivers as a clan as
Duncan, his son, changed his name to Campbell.
Among the other families of the name connected with the south-west
of Argyll were the Macivers of Ardlarach, who also changed their name
to Campbell about 1688; the Macivers of Pennymore on Lochfyne, of
whom was Rev. Neil Campbell, Principal of Glasgow University in 1727;
the Macivers of Ballochyle, in Cowal, represented by Iver Campbell in
1688; and the Macivers of Glassary, of whom was Thomas Campbell, the
Poet, author of the Pleasures of Hope.
There are also Macivers in Ross-shire — in the Gairloch district — whose
ancestor came from the Campbell country. Some of them retain the name
Maciver while others have resumed the name Campbell. A sept of Maciver
Campbells also found their way to Glenlyon. About the same period, 1580,
a number of Macivors found their way to Caithness, who ultimately quarrelled
with the Gunns of that district. The Macivors are also numerous in Lewis.

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MAC IVOR.

THE CLAN MACKAY

War Cry :— "Brataoh bhin Chlann Aoidh " ("The White Banner of the Mackays ").
Clan Pipe Music :— March— " Piobaireachd Chlann Aoidh " (The Mackay's March "). Salute—
" Iseabal Nic Aoidh " (" Isobal Mackay "). Lament—" Cumha Dhomhnuill Mhic Aoidh "
("Lament for Donald Mackay ").
Badge : — Seasgan or Cuilc (Reed-grass). (Botanical name, Arundo phragmitcs.)

THIS clan is known to the "seanachies" as "Clann Mhorguinn," or
Clan Morgan. In the Book of Deer (eleventh century) the Clan
Morgan and their " toiseach," or chief, granted lands to the Abbey
of Deer, Aberdeenshire, in the eleventh century. The clan are also called
"Clann Aoidh"; the Lowland form is Mackie, and the Irish Magee. In
Manx they are simply Kay. There are at least two clans Mackay — an
Argyllshire and a Sutherlandshire clan. The Argyllshire Mackays are to be
found at an early date in Islay and Kintyre. The genealogy of the Mackays
of Kintyre will be found in Collectanea de Rebus Albanicis, p. 54. It differs
totally from that of the Mackays of the North. The latter are always called
Clan Morgan by the Gaelic "seanachies,'' and claim to be descended from
the common ancestor of the Forbeses and Urquharts, and about 1608 they
adopted Lord Forbes' arms with cadet differences (by permission of Lord
Forbes, whom Hugh Mackay of Farr calls his "dear chief").
The first historic chief of the clan was Angus Du, who flourished 1380-
1429. He was called "Angus the Absolute," from the fact of his having
4000 men at his command. Angus was an old man when the fierce battle
of Drumnacoub was fought in 1429, and the clan was led by Iain Abereigh,
who gained a great victory. Angus Du fell by the hand of a skulking
assassin, a follower of the Earl of Sutherland, who shot him with an arrow,
on the historic Drumnacoub. The assassin was killed some years later by
a grandson of Angus Du. In the enforced absence of his brother Neil, who
was confined on the Bass Rock, Iain Abereigh, who had so distinguished him
self as a leader, acted as chief in his brother's stead till 1437. On his libera
tion Neil assumed his rightful position, which he held till his death in 1450.
He was succeeded by his son, Angus, who sided with the Keiths against the
Gunns, and took part in the cruel fight of Bar Tannic, Caithness.
It is unnecessary to follow in detail the various incursions into Caithness,
together with the usual feuds in which the Mackays were so often engaged,
under their several chiefs. The chief of the clan from 1614 to 1650 was
Donald, whom Charles I. raised to the Peerage in 1628, with the title of
Lord Reay. Hugh Mackay of Farr, father of Donald Lord Reay, is said to
have been the first of his family who turned Protestant. Lord Reay carried
over a regiment of 3000 men to Germany to the assistance of the King and
Queen of Bohemia. He afterwards engaged in the service of the King of
Denmark against Germany, and upon the King making peace with the con-

The Clan Mackay — continued.
queror, he entered with his forces into the service of Gustavus Adolphus,
bringing new recruits and supplies of men. [See An Old Scots Brigade
(Mackay Regiments), p. 251J. On hearing of the execution of Charles I.
he felt it so much that he took to his bed, and died abroad about ten days
after the execution — 10th February 1649. He was buried at Tongue,
Sutherlandshire. In 1642 Lord Reay sold Strathnaver to the Earl of Sutherland, to redeem
loans of money which he received to discharge debts incurred in transport
ing and maintaining 12,000 men which he recruited for foreign service to
assist the Protestant cause in the great Thirty Years' War. During the
chiefship of Eric, seventh Lord Reay, in the early part of last century the
remaining portions of the estate had to be sold, so that the Mackays of the
North, as a clan, have been for the best part of a century virtually landless.
During the Irish Rebellion of 1798 the Mackays raised the celebrated
Reay Fenoible Regiment, 800 strong, which fought the battle of Tara Hill,
routing an overwhelming body of the rebels.
The Mackays of the south were powerful in Islay and in Kintyre, and
fought under the banner of the Lords of the Isles, sharing their misfortunes
and exile. It is recorded that there were at one time eighteen landed pro
prietors in Kintyre bearing the name Mackay. They were for centuries
hereditary Crowners or Coroners of North Kintyre.
The earliest Gaelic charter extant was granted by Donald, Lord of the
Isles, to Brian Vicar Mackay in 1408. The Vicar was known in Islay as
"MacAoidh na Ranna" — Mackay of Rhinns.
The Mackies, Mackeys, Macgies, Bains, Poisons, and MaePhails are re
garded as Mackays, and are eligible for membership in the Clan Society.
The Clan Mackay Society was founded in 1806 (a copy of the original
rules being still preserved), and resuscitated in 1888. Its headquarters are
in Glasgow. The membership is over 500, and the finances amount to
£1500. The present Chief of the clan is the Right Honourable Sir Donald James
Mackay, eleventh Baron Reay of Reay in the Peerage of Scotland, Baron
Reay of Durness in that of the United Kingdom, and Baron Mackay of
Ophemert in Holland. He is descended from Brigadier-General the Honour
able /Eneas Mackay, second son of John, second Lord Reay, and was born
in Holland 22nd December 1839.

MACKAY.

THE CLAN MACKENZIE

War Cry :— "Tulacli Ard" (A mountain in Kintail).
Clan Pipe jl/usic :— Gathering — " Cruinneachadh Chloinn Choinnich" ("The Mackenzies
Gatherimg"). Salute— " FJiilte Uilleam Duibh" ("Earl of Seaforth'a Salute"). March—
"Caberfeidh." Lament— "Cumha Thigearna Gheirrloch" ("Gairloch's Lament").
Badge : — Cuileann (Holly).

T

HE descent of the chief of this clan —
' ' MacKenneth, great Earl of the North,
The Lord of Loch Carron, Glenshiel, and Seaforth "-

is of pure Scoto Gaelic descent, with a strain of Irish, as asserted by Douglas
and others. In the lona Club Transactions their descent in 1450 is given
as follows : "The genealogy of the Clan Kenneth — Murdoch, son of Kenneth,
son of John, son of Kenneth, son of Angus, son of Christian, son of Adam,
son of Gilleoin-Oig of the Aird."
In Robertson's Index of Missing Charters there is a Crown Charter of
Confirmation by David II. for the lands of " Kintale " in 1344, when a grant
of that and other lands by William, Earl of Ross, to Reginald, son of Roderick
de Insulis, dated 1342, 4th July, is confirmed. In Mackenzie's History of
the Clan the earliest date which can be assigned for its acquisition of Kintail
from John, Earl of Ross, is 1463. After the forfeiture of the Lords of the
Isles, the clan, like all others in the West, became independent.
Alexander, seventh chief of Kintail, accompanied James I. in his expedi
tion to the North in 1426. He was ancestor of the Mackenzies of Logic,
Hilton, and Gairloch, and died in 1488.
John, the ninth chief, followed James IV. to Flodden with a body of his
clan, and narrowly escaped being made prisoner. He was faithful to Mary
of Guise, Queen-Regent, fought in his old age at Pinkie, and died in 1554.
Colin, eleventh chief, fought bravely for Queen Mary at the battle of
Langside, for which he was afterwards pardoned by the Regent Murray.
Kenneth, his eldest son by Barbara Grant of that Ilk, was raised to the
Peerage in 1609 as Lord Mackenzie of Kintail. From these descended the
Macken/Jes of Pluscardine and Lochslinn, according to Douglas. Colin,
their eldest son, was created Earl of Seaforth in 1623. He and his brother,
John of Lochslinn, dying without issue, the title devolved on his half-brother,
George, by a charter under the Great Seal. He went to Holland after the
murder of Charles I., and was subsequently Secretary of State for Scotland.
Kenneth, third Earl of Seaforth, was a loyal Cavalier, and was excepted
from pardon by Cromwell ; his estates were seized, but an allowance was
given to his family and Countess, Isabel Mackenzie of Tarbet. After 1660
he was High Sheriff of Ross-shire.
His son, Kenneth, fourth Earl, was one of the Privy Council to King
James VII., and K.T. in 1687. He followed to Ireland and to France his
Royal master through war and exile, and was created Marquis of Seaforth ;
27

The Clan Mackenzie — continued.
but as his patent had not passed the Great Seal of Scotland, the title was
only recognised by the Jacobites.
He died in 1701, and was succeeded by William, fifth Earl, who was
attainted in 1715, and was at the battle of Glenshiel in 1719, when a rising
in Scotland, aided by a few Spanish infantry, was concerted by the Marquis
of Tullibardine and the Earl Marischal. The Jacobites were dispersed by
the 14th and 15th Regiments, aided by 2000 Dutch troops. The Earl of
Seaforth fell severely wounded, but was carried off by the Mackenzies, Mac
raes, and Maclennans, two subordinate septs deeply attached to the House
of Kintail. Earl William, after the insurrection of 1715, made his escape to
France, where he remained till George I. granted him a pardon for his life
in 1726, after which he returned to Scotland, and spent the remainder of his
life in peace and retirement. He died in 1740, and would have been succeeded
by his son Kenneth, Lord Fortrose, as sixth Earl, but for the attainder.
The fighting force of the Mackenzies is given by Forbes at 2500 men,
adding those of the Earl of Cromartie and the Lairds of Gairloch, Scatwell,
Killcowie, Redcastle, and Comrie — all Mackenzies.
Kenneth, son of Lord Fortrose, having repurchased the property from
the Crown, was created an Irish Peer as Viscount Fortrose, and in 1771 was
restored to the Earldom of Seaforth. In gratitude, therefore, he and the
clan of the "Caberfeidh," as the Mackenzies are called, in 1778 raised the old
Seaforth Highlanders, afterwards numbered as the 72nd, 1000 strong, for
service in India. In 1793 the clan, under Humberston Mackenzie, who died
Earl of Seaforth in 1816, raised the "78," or famous Ross-shire Buffs, and
now both regiments are formed in one, as the 1st and 2nd Battalions of "the
Duke of Albany's Seaforth Highlanders.''
The Chieftainship and the Earldom were claimed by Mackenzie-Fowler
of Allangrange ; but Anne (only child of John Hay Mackenzie of Crom
artie and Newhall), Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria (1870-74),
Duchess of Sutherland, became in her own right (1861) Countess of Comartie,
Viscountess Tarbet, Baroness MacLeod and Castlehaven.
The above-named Anne, Countess of Cromartie, died in 1888, and was
succeeded by her second son, Francis, as Earl of Cromartie, etc. He died in
1893, and his elder daughter, Sibell, was declared in March 1895 to hold all
her father's titles, and so is Countess of Cromartie.
The Mackenzies have also four Baronetcies — those of Gairloch, 1703 ;
Coul, 1673; Tarbet, 1628; and Scatwell, 1703.

MACKENZIE.

THE CLAN MACKINLAY

THE Clan Mackinlay belong to the Lennox district, and their present-
day habitat is mostly around Glasgow and Lennox.
The oldest account of them is that given by Buchanan of
Auchmar, 1723. He asserts that the chief sept of the Lennox Maokinlays
were descended from Buchanan of Drumikill. After mentioning that the
Risks are the first cadets of the Drumikill family, he says : " The second
cadets of this kin are the Alackinlays, so named from a son of Drumikill
called Finlay ; those lately in Blairnyle and about Ballooh are of this sort,
as also those in Bannachra and about the Water of Finn in Luss parish.
The Maokinlays in some other parts of these parishes are MacFarlanes."
Like so many Lennox clans, notablj- their far-off' cousins of the Clan
MacAuslane, some of the Mackinlays no doubt went over to Ireland at
the time of the "plantations" in the seventeenth century. Hence come
the Mackinlays and Macginlays of Ireland, and latterly, of America.
Other references to the ^lackinlays outside Buchanan are rare. Finlay
Macinlay supplied meal to the lady of Luss in 1564, and either he or another
of the same name was tenant of Nether Ross in Luss in 1588. John Mac-
kinlaj' Ballinreich of Lennox was spulzied in 1527 by Luss men. There was
a Janet Mackinlay in Dumbarton in 1624. There is no Mackinlay recorded
in all the lists of the 1745 rebels.
It is a common mistake to regard the clan ancestor as " Fionnlagh Mor,"
progenitor of the Farquharsons of Braemar. The Farquharsons as a clan
are called in Gaelic " Clann Fhionnlaigh " ; but the surname "Mac Fhionn-
laigh '' has never come to be used in English dress. In fact, the surname
has been constantly Farquharson, and there were no Mackinlays at all in
Braemar or its vicinity.
The small clan Finlayson of Lochalsh are known in Gaelic as " Clann
Fhionnlaighs," and they, too, claim a traditional descent from the clan
Finlay of Braemar. The name "Fionnlagh" was a favourite one in
Kintail and Lochalsh, and there does not seem to be any necessity to go
to Braemar for an ancestor to the Finlaysons. The surname Finlayson was
common in Inverness town in the sixteenth century.
It is probable the name Mackinlay embraces also some of the Macleay
clan. There were several " M' An-leighs" in Dumbartonshire in olden times
 "sons of the physicians"; and further north were the "Mc On-leays," the
real Macleays, sons of Donleavy. Some of the modern Mackinlays insist
on acoentinc the "ley" of the name. If they are justified historically in
so doing their branch must be from the Macleas or Macleays. There can be
no doubt that most of the name Mackinlay are descendants of some Finlay
or other, be he a MacFarlane or a Buchanan. Some may be Macleas or
Livingstones — another form of Macleay — but outside these names there is
no other derivation possible.

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MACKINLAY.

THE CLAN MACKINNON

War Cry : — " Cuimlinioh bks Ailpein " (" Remember the death of Alpine ").
Badge :— Giuthas (Pine Tree).

THIS name has for long been etymologised as " Mac lonmhuinn" (beloved
son), but older forms show it to be Fingon, for in 1409 Lachlan
.MacFingon, vir nobilis (i.e., a gentleman) witnessed a charter of the
Lord of the Isles to Hector .Maclean of Duart. The original habitat of
the clan was Mull, where they held lands under the Lords of the Isles.
They had also possessions in Skye (Strathardale) which are described as
follows in 1594 by Dean Munro of the Isles: "The Castill of Dunnakyne ;
the Castill of Dunringill pertaining to the said M'Kynnoun. At the shore
of Skye lyes one iyle called Paby, full of woods, good for fishing, and the
main shelter for thieves and cut-throats."
The Mackinnons were closely connected with lona in the fifteenth
century and John Mackinnon was the last Abbot. On a tombstone in
lona is written the inscription: "Haec est crux Lauchlani Mc A. Fingan
et ejus filii Johannis Abbatis de Hy, facta an. Dom. mcccclxxxix." This is
the Cross of Lachlan Mackinnon and his son John, Abbot of Hy, made
in 1489. In 1503 Mackinnon of that Ilk is mentioned among other chiefs to take
action against Lachlan Maclean of Duart, and Lochiel, forfeited for treason.
The Earl of Huntly undertakes to forward Mackinnon's letter. In 1515 we
find that Neill Mackinnon of Mishnish, Mull, was at the head of the clan,
and 1517 he, in conjunction with Maclean of Duart, petitioning the Regent
and Council for free remission of all offences to themselves and their " part-
takers.'' This remission was granted on 12th March 1517.
Ewen (" E(Sghan math nan Cath ") who was chief of the clan in the
sixteenth century, was summoned before Parliament and charged with
rebellion. The summons was finally deserted in August 1546. This chief
in August 1542, upon his own resignation received from the King a charter
of the twenty merklands of Meysness (Mishnish) in Mull, and the twenty
merklands of Strathredole (Strathardale) in Skye, to be held in free tenantry
and saisine, taken at the principal messuage of Strathredole, to suffice for the
whole lands. The distinction is to himself and the heirs male of his body,
lawfully begotten, whom failing, to his nearest and lawful male heirs
whomsoever. Ewen died towards the end of the sixteenth century and was succeeded
by his son Lachlan. In 1586 we find his name in the Roll of Clan Chiefs, on
whose border "broken men" resided.
The chief of the clan was present at lona in 1609 when the famous
"Statutes of Icolmkill" were enacted. The clan served under the gallant

The Clan Mackinnon — continued.
Montrose and were present at the battles of Inverlochy and Auldearn. In
1650 Lachlan Mor Mackinnon and his clan fought for the King at Worcester.
This Lachlan had two sons, John Og who died in his father's lifetime, and
Donald who, in consequence of a quarrel with his father, quitted the paternal
roof and settled in Antigua. Iain Og left an only son Iain Dubh, who
succeeded his grandfather as chief of the clan.
The clan was "out" in the year 1745, followed the Prince to England,
and fought at Culloden ; their old chief was taken, and, after being long
a prisoner in the Tower and Tilbury Fort, died in 1756, leaving two sons
and a daughter, all born after the 71st year of his age. On attaining his
majority Charles, the heir, found the estates so burdened with debt that he
had to part with them, and Strathaird, the last remnant of that magnificent
country which the chiefs of Mackinnon had held in unbroken succession
for 450 years, passed from the clan in 1791. Charles left an only son,
John, the last of his line, who succeeded to nothing but the chiefship. He
died in 1808, and the chiefship passed to the descendants of Donald, son
of Lachlan Mor, who, as already referred to, fled to Antigua.
When the Clan Mackinnon Society was founded in 1891, Mr W. A. -
^Mackinnon of Acryse was placed at its head and loyally acknowledged
by the clansmen as their chief. He died in September 1903 at the
advanced age of 89 years, and was succeeded in the chiefship by his
eldest son. Major F. A. Mackinnon, M.A.
There is a Clan Mackinnon Society in Glasgow, with a branch in
London.

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MACKINNON.

MACKINNON (HUNTING).

THE CLAN MACLACHLAN

Clan Pipe Music .— " Moladh Mairi " (" The Praise of Mary ") or " Maclachlan's Salute.^
Badge :— Caorunn (Mountain Ash or Rowan).

THE Maclachlans are believed to have possessed the lands of Strath-
lachlan before, or about, the eleventh century. Some antiquaries are
of opinion that this, amongst other old families on the West Coast,
has an Irish origin, and this is probable both from the proximity of the
opposite coasts and their being iuhabited by the same race of people having a
common language. At an early period there seems to have been constant
intercourse, and we find native tribes of Ireland with precisely the same
names as in Scotland. There are many references in the Annals of the Four
Masters to the Maclachlans, spelt in various ways, and it appears that the
race of Hy Niall gave kings to Ireland for about 1000 years, and that of this
race the MacLoghlins were the older branch. It was about the period when
this family declined in Ireland that the Maclachlans appear in Scotland in a
good position. At one time they owned extensive lands in Argyllshire, which
are now reduced to the Barony of Maclachlan or Strathlachlan. Their inter
marriages are given in the manuscript of 1450 (published in the Transactions
of the lona Club),^ and are with such families as those of the Lords of the
Isles, the King of Kerry, etc. Skene and other antiquaries object to the
theory of the Irish origin, but what is legally certain is that in the year
1292 the lands of Gileskel Maclachlan were included in the Sheriffdom of
Argyle or Lorn, erected in that year by King John Balliol, and that the King
granted him a charter of his lands. He also received a charter of his lands
from King Robert Bruce. His name appears in the Roll of the Magnates of
Scotland who sat in the first Parliament of Robert the Bruce at St. Andrews,
and on one of the sealtags of the letter of the Scotch Barons to King Philip
of France. There appear in the records various grants to religious
houses, including the Friars Preachers of Glasgow. From Gileskel
Maclachlan there is no difficulty in tracing the direct line down to the present
day. We find Maclachlan of that ilk included, in the Grameid, in the descrip
tion of those who took the field with Claverhouse in 1689, where he is
described as : — " Quin et Lauchlanidum princeps fortissimus una
It comes, et fidos sub signa ooegitamicos."
In the ill-starred Stuart rising the Maclachlans threw in their fate with
Prince Charles, and it says much for the popularity of Lachlan Maclachlan
1 A manuscript quoted by Skene, supposed to have been the work of a Maclachlan in 1450,
traces this family to Gilchrist, the son of Dedaalan, who was the son of an Anradan, from
whom descend MaoNeils, MaoGillevrays, MacEwans. Anradan was of the family of the Isles.
Skene gives the oldest cadet as Maclachlan of Coruanan in Locliaber. — Note hy the Editor of
the "Grameid."

The Clan Maclachlan — continued.
who was then chief that he was able to make his way with his men from the
very centre of Argyll and join the Prince in the north. On every side he
was surrounded by Campbells and other keen partisans of the House of
Hanover and it is even stated that he made proclamation of his intention at
the Kilmichael market, and publicly summoned his retainers. He was
appointed an A.D.C. to the Prince, and was killed at Culloden. In this
connection the following story has long been a household tale in the district,
how that his dun horse which he rode, escaped from the field of battle and
found its way home to Strathlachlan, thus bringing the first news of the
disaster. After the bombardment of the Castle in 1746 by a Government
frigate and its consequent abandonment, the dun horse, which was permitted
to stray at will, took up its quarters in one of the rooms leading off the
courtyard, and the room has always since been known as the " Dun Horse's
Stable." The lands were attainted after the '45, but the next heir, Robert,
was granted possession by a judgment of the Court, dated 28th November
1749. There is a tradition that when Alexander II. came into the Highlands to
subdue the country he sent a message to Maclachlan to send him tribute by
the swiftest messenger ; with ready wit he attached the bags containing the
tribute to a roebuck, which was sent to the King, and the King was so
pleased that he granted Maclachlan two roebucks as supporters to his arms.
The three original tribes of Cowal are said to have been the Laments, the
Macewans and the Maclachlans. The Laments and Maclachlans intermarried
several times, and the legend that the Maclachlans gained their land in
Cowal through marriage with the Laments is probably traceable to one of the
early marriages, which was with the only daughter of Lamont ; on his death
Maclachlan plead for the estate as lieir of line but did not succeed.
There were considerable branches of the clan in Lochaber and Appin who
were out in the '45.

MACLACHLAN.

MACLACHLAN (OLD)

THIS tartan is much older than the design in red and dark blue usually
worn by the clan This old tartan now submitted seems to have
been overlooked by the clan, which is to be regretted, as it is one of
the finest of the older clan designs. It is preserved in the collections of the
Highland Society, the Campbells of Craignish, and Macintosh of Macintosh
— indeed it is the only Maclachlan pattern to be found in these.

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MACLACHLAN (DRESS)

THIS yellow and black setting, commonly called Maclachlan Dress
tartan, appears in J. Sobieski Stuart's Vestiarium Scoticum ; also
in Macleay's Highlanders of Scotland, under the authority of the
late Robert ilaclachlau of JIaclachlan, who has been described as wearing
a kilt of this tartan at some festivities at Inveraray on the accession of Her
Majesty Queen Victoria.

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MACLACHLAN (DRESS)

CLAN MACLAREN

f^'ar Cry :— " Creag an Tuirc " ( " The Boar's Rock ").
Badge : — Buaidh-chraobh, na Labhras (Laurel).

THERE are various origins, all of them more or less fanciful, given to
this clan. The most probable is that they are descended from
Laurentius or St. Lawrence. In Gaelic they are called "Clann
mhic Labhruinn," and in English the surname is sometimes written Mac
Laurin. The clan is an ancient one, and in the earlier period of their
history were possessed of considerable influence. From various causes they
gradually declined in importance and strength.
They signed the Ragmans' Roll of 1296, compelled for the time, like many
other clans, to swear fealty to King Edward I. ; and they did so under three
branches, represented by Maurice of Tyree, Couan of Balquhidder, and
Laurin of Ardveche (Lochearnside). In later times, as has been observed,
" the Clan Laurin served their Prince at all times, as at Bannockburn, Flodden
with King James IV., and after, at Pinkie.''
An interesting and romantic episode in their historj' is their alliance —
offensive and defensive it may be called — with the Stewarts of Appin. It
arose out of the love-at-first-sight attachment of the third last of the
" Stewart " Lords of Lorn in the fifteenth century for the beautiful daughter
of MacLaurin of Ardveche, and their subsequent marriage and legitimation of
their son Dugald, who became the founder of the famous Stewarts of Appin.
The alliance continued in various tangible ways till after the '45. The Mac-
Larens rose with Prince Charles and contributed to the Appin regiment a
company under Captain Dugald MacLaren of Invernentie, Balquhidder, who
was a man of note in his district. Of his company thirteen fell at Culloden
alone, the Captain himself was severely wounded but managed to get back
to Balquhidder, where after lurking in hiding for nearly a year he was
captured. His remarkable escape on his way under escort to Carlisle to be
tried, is the foundation of the story of " Pate in peril " in Sir Walter Scott's
novel of Redgauntlet. While the clan as a body joined Stewart of Appin a
contingent fought also under the Murrays of Atholl whose powerful chief in
the previous century — Sir John Murray, Bart., of Tullibardine — had acquired
certain rights over Balquhidder and had been created Earl of Tullibardine,
Lord Gask and Lord Balquhidder in 1606. On the other hand, the Govern
ment did not want for supporters from the clan, especially in the towns, and
a notable representative was Colin MacLaurin, the eminent Professor of
Mathematics in the University of Edinburgh. At the request of the City
authorities the Professor had the old and obsolete fortifications put in a
state for resisting Prince Charles's forces, and in this, with his usual energy,
he spared himself neither by day or night. He it was, too, when over 300

The Clan iMacLaeen — continued.
citizens had associated themselves to gather for the defence of the Capital,
assembled them in the College Yard and superintended the serving out of
arms to them. All these precautions, however, were practically thrown away,
for by negligence, or by the connivance of sympathisers with the Jacobites,
the advance guard of the Chevalier got possession of one of the City ports,
and after a half-hearted resistance the Capital surrendered, with the exception
of the Castle which was strongly garrisoned by Government troops. Pro
fessor MacLaurin immediately withdrew- to England to be the guest of the
Archbishop of York. On the journey he had a fall from his horse ; and the
fatigue and previous severe exposure brought on dropsy, which proved fatal
soon after his return to Edinburgh in the summer of 1746.
In local history the clan had their full share of clan feuds with their
neighbours the Buchanans, Campbells, and MacGregors. On one occasion
in the twelfth century, a pitched battle took place in Strathyre ovey an
insult to a MacLaren when they practically annihilated the Buchanans of
Leny. A relic of their former power and importance is to be found in the
historical fact that for centuries they had all the privilege or right, and
tenaciously they stuck to it, of seating themselves in the Kirk of Bal
quhidder before any from another clan durst cross the door. Unseemly
brawls over this, often at the very Kirk door were in later times of frequent
occurrence, till in one of these, in 1532, the Vicar, Sir John MacLaurin, was
killed in endeavouring to prevent the shedding of blood.
In the sixteenth century the clan were the victims of a terrible attack
and massacre by their neighbours, the MacGregors, and this contributed
to the declining influence of the MacLarens.
In the Roll ordered to be made up by the Government of the day in
1594, called the The Roll of the Clannis in the Hielandis and Hes, that has
Gapitanes, Ghieffis, and Chiftanes quhome on thay depend. Clan Lauren
appears as one of the thirty-four clans of the description named.
It is interesting to note that it was in connection with some legal
proceedings anent the MacLaurins of Invernentie that Sir Walter Scott,
then an attorney's clerk, made his first acquaintance with the Highlands.
This was about the year 1786. The fact is stated in the Introduction to
Rob Roy.
The Chiefship of the clan was claimed by the late Donald MacLaren, retired
farmer, Killin. He was the last of a long line of MacLarens who, up to 1888,
occupied and possessed in one form or another as absolute allodial proprietors,
" kyndly " tenants, feuars, and as tenants of modern times of Ardveich or
Ardveche for over 600 years without a break ! Ardveich is near the head of
Lochearn on the north side, and hard by at Leackine is the clan's ancient
and recognised burial-place : —
"In yon lovely spot on the banks of Lochearn,
Where the sun shines in beauty with varied array.
Their last resting-place ; the Clansmen of Laurin,
Lie mouldering in dust till the great Judgment Day."

MACLAREN.

THE MACLAINES OF LOCHBUIE

Clan Pipe Music :— Lament— " Cumha Mhic GiUeathain Locliabuidhe " (" Maclaine
of Lochbuie's Lament ").
Badge : — Blaeberry.

THIS ancient family sprang from Hector Reganach, brother of Lauchlan
Lubanach, from whom descend the Macleans of Duart; they were
the sons of Eoin Dubh, or Black John, who was settled in the Island
of Mull. Which of these brothers was the elder has never been properly
authenticated, although this family has always claimed the seniority of Hector,
who is believed to have married a lady of the clan MacLeod. The nominal
possessions of the family were vast, viz., the lands of Lochiel, Duror, Morven,
Glencoe, Tiree, Jura, Scarba, and Mull. The Castle of Lochbuie is in a good
state of preservation, including the celebrated dungeon. The land adjacent
to Lochbuie was owned by a chief named MacFadyean. Hector Reganach
obtained permission from him to build a fortalice at the head of the loch
on a high rock close to the sea. Availing himself of the advantage thus given
him, he was soon able to add these lands to his own.
In course of time one of the chiefs of Lochbuie died, leaving his estates
to his only son, Murdoch Gearr, an infant. Maclean of Duart, thinking this
a favourable opportunity for seizing the lands, invaded the territory of his
young kinsman, who was only saved by being conveyed to Ireland. On
attaining manhood, he resolved to attempt the recovery of his estates, and
with ten brave Irishmen set, sail to Mull for that purpose. On arriving he
was recognised by his nurse, who knew him from a mole on his breast. She
caused her husband, who was door-keeper, to open the gate of ;the castle, when
Maclaine rushed in, and was soon not only master of the castle, but estates
also. At a place between Lochbuie and Grulin the two branches of the clan
fought a pitched battle. The Macleans of Duart were defeated. Lochbuie
when returning home after the battle fell in with Duart, who was sleeping
along with some of his men ; he drew his dirk and twisted it in the hair of
his rival, and then left him. When Maclean woke in the morning and
found his hair fastened to the ground, he recognised the dirk, and the two
families were friends ever after. The Maclaines served with Graham of
Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee, and also under Montrose, with their kinsmen
the Macleans of Duart. Hector Maclaine of Lochbuie with 300 men on his
march to join Dundee, was attacked by five troops of horse sent by the enemy
to intercept him, under command of a major of Mackay's army. The parties
encountered each other at a place called Knockbreck in Badenoch, and after a
severe fight, Lochbuie put the horse to flight and killed the commander, with
the loss on the Maclaine's side of one ensign and some few private soldiers.

The Maclaines of Lochbuie — continued.
Lochbuie joined Dundee next morning. This was the first blood shed for
James's cause in Scotland. There are some excellent Latin verses composed
by Phillips of Annyscloss, a great Jacobite, on the Knockbreck engagement.
Their names appear in Montrose's bond to unite the loyalty of the Highlands
against the powers of Argyll, 1645. There is no doubt that the clans of
Lochbuie and Duart were separate, having separate Tartans and Arms. With
regard to the name, there is no record of the correct mode of spelling, as in
manuscripts one comes across Macleane, Maclean, Maclayne, Maclaine, etc.
The celebrated Sir Archibald Maclaine, Kt., C.B., of Matagorda fame, was
a cadet of the House of Lochbuie, being one of the Maclaines of Scalasdale.
The present chief is Murdoch Gillian Maclaine of Lochbuie, son of the late
Donald Maclaine of Lochbuie, by Emilie, daughter of A. Vincent, Esquire.
The eldest son of Hector Reganach was Charles ("Tearlach") from whom
are descended the Macleans of the north, known as " Sliochd Thearlaich o'
Buidhe."

MACLAINE (LOCHBUIE)

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MACLAINE (LOCHBUIE) HUNTING.

THE MACLEANS OF DUART

War CHcs :—"Buaidh no Bis" ("Victory or Death") and "Fear eil' airson Eachainn ''
( ' ' Another for Hector "). Used alternately.
Clan Pipe Music -.—Siidute 3,nd March— "Caismeachd Chlann Ghilleathain" ("The Macleans'
March"). Gathering — "Cruinneachadh Chlann Ghilleathain" ("The Macleans' Gather
ing"). Laments — "Cumha Lachainn Mhoir" ("Lament for Sir Lachlan Maclean");
"Cumha Eachainn ruaidh nan cath " (" Lament for Hector Roy Maclean ").
Badges : — Dearcan-fithich (Crowberry), used by Duart, Brolas, Pennycross, Druimnin; Cuileann
(Holly), used by Maclean of Ardgour, Coll, Dochgarroch, and the Macleans of the
North.

THE ancient Sennachies have asserted that the surname of Maclean
was originally MacGillian, derived from a famous Celtic warrior who
was known as " Gilleain-nan-Tuaigh," or Gillean of the Battle Axe,
which his descendants use as their crest to this day, between a laurel and
cypress branch.
This powerful and numerous clan has been seated in the Island of Mull
from a very remote period, but did not appear, like several others, as an
independent one till the forfeiture of the Lord of the Isles in 1476, though,
of course, as vassals of these princes, they existed long under chiefs of their
own. In Gaelic, and even in public records, they are always called the Clan
Gillian. In 1366 Lachlan, the first of that House, obtained a dispensation
for his marriage with Margaret, daughter of John, Lord of the Isles, the
necessity for which proves some prior and close relationship with the Mac
Donalds. There was also Maclean of Coll, descended of a common ancestor
with the line of Lochbuie.
The Castle of Duart, so called, occupies the verge of a high cliff on the
coast of Mull. It is of great antiquity, and is a square tower with walls of
enormous thickness. Two buildings of more recent date, one of which was
occupied as a garrison in the last century, connected by a high wall with
the keep, form an oblong square of 120 by 72 feet. The Beatons, or, as they
are called in Gaelic, Macbheatha, were the hereditary Sennachies of the Mac
leans, and were of Irish descent, being originally O'Neils.
Among the list of the slain at Flodden, Dr Abercrombie (Martial Achieve
ments, etc.) gives the name of Hector Maclean of Duart.
Lachlan Cattanach Maclean of Duart married Lady Elizabeth, a daughter
of Archibald, Earl of Argyle, who fell at Flodden leading the vanguard.
In 1536 Hector Maclean, then of Duart, with Keppoch and others, signed
a Bond of Manrent, "vitht my hand at the pen," to George, Earl of Huntly,
at the castle of that name (Spald. Club Miscell., iv.).
In 1579 Hector Maclean of Coll complained to the Council that he had
been "utterlie wrakkit" by Lachlan Maclean of Duart, who had captured
his castle and destroyed its plenishing; for which Lachlan was summoned
29

The Macleans of Duart — continued.
to appear within six days, or be put to the hom. Between 1579 and 1581
he was engaged in incessant turmoils, all of which were brought before the
Privy Council. He had to find caution that his wife should " be harmless
of him." He prosecuted a feud with MacDonald of Dunyveg ; he was accused
of causing to "strek the held from Hector Maclean AUanson"; of imprison
ing Donald Maclean in Carabolg; and of having nine "maist honest men"
and two women murdered at his instance in the Isle of Gigha. John Garbh
Maclean of Coll, son of the man with whom he was at feud, lived till the
first year of Charles I.'s reign, and was a composer of music and performer
on the harp.
Lachlan of Duart was afterwards knighted, and proved himself a gallant
soldier at the battle of Glenlivet in 1594. In 1598 he fought in the dreadful
clan battle of Lochgruinard against the MacDonalds in Islay, which he wished
to conquer, when he was slain, "courageously fighting with 80 of the prin
cipal men of his kin, and 200 common soldiers lying dead about him. His
son, Lachlan Barrach Maclean, was chased with the rest of his men even to
their boats and vessels." The battle of Bern Bige followed, in which the
MacDonalds were almost out off by the Macleans and three other clans,
acting under the orders of James VI.
In 1632 Lachlan Maclean of Duart was created a Baronet of Nova Scotia
by Charles I., to whom he was zealously attached, and in whose cause he
participated in all the triumphs of Montrose. He died in 1649, and was
succeeded by his son. Hector, who fell at the battle of Inverkeithing in 1651.
The title devolved upon his brother, Alan, who died in 1674, and was suc
ceeded by his only son. Sir John, who raised the clan at the Revolution, and,
joining Viscount Dundee, fought at the victorious battle of Killiecrankie.
In 1715 he unfurled the standard of loyalty again, and, joining the Earl of
Mar, fought at Sheriffmuir. By his wife, Mary, daughter of Angus Mac
pherson of Essick, he left a son. Sir Hector, who was apprehended in Edin
burgh in 1745 on suspicion of being in the French service and enlisting men
for it. He was conveyed to London and kept there a prisoner for two years,
till the Act of Grace was passed. In 1745 the clan could muster 500 clay
mores. They were in the first line at Culloden under the Duke of Perth.
Sir Hector died unmarried at Paris in 1750, when the title devolved upon
his cousin (great-grandson of Donald Maclean of Brolas), from whom the
present Baronet is lineally descended (see The Clan Gillean, by Rev. A.
Maclean-Sinclair, 1899).
The present chief of the clan, Colonel Sir Fitzroy D. Maclean, Bart., C.B.,
is the male representative of both Duart and Brolas.
There is a Clan Maclean Society in Glasgow.

MACLEAN (DUART).

MACLEAN (HUNTING)

THAT this tartan is old, probably the oldest which the clan possess, is
well authenticated. In a charter of 1587-88, granting Hector
Maclean, heir of Duart, certain lands in Islay, the feu-duty is
made payable in the form of sixty ells of cloth of white, black, and green
colours, which corresppnded with the hunting tartan of the House of Duart.
The lands and the feu-duty exigible are thus described : " All and haill
the fornamit fyve merk landis of Nerrabolsadh with the pertinentis the
sowme of LX ellis claith quhite blak and grene cullouris respective of
VIIF vsuall money of this realme for ilk ell at the optioun of the said
Hector and his foirsadis at the termes forsaidis be equal portiounis and ane
el claith or viii'' for the price thereof in augmentation of the rental mair
nor euir the same payit of befor."
About 1617 "Makclene of Dowart" appears to have got into diflSculties.
At all events, in that year a Crown charter of the lands was granted to
"Rorie McKenzie of Cogeauche." The reddendo is identical with that in the
charter of 1587-88, already quoted, but the signature is in these words :
"And lykewise for the foirsaid fyve merk lands of Narrobolsydh with the
pertinentis thriescoir ellis of quhyte blak and gray claith respective of
VIII"! money foirsaid for euerie elne in the optioun of the said Rory
M'Kenzie his airis maill and assignais foirsaids at the term abone specified
be equall portiones as the auld meill. And lykewise ane elne of claith or
aucht penneis for the price thairof in yeirlie augmentatioun of the rentall
gif it beis askit."
When the lands were restored to "Makclene of Dowart" in 1630, while
the charter remains unchanged, the cloth is described as " quhyte black and
gras cullour.''
It is therefore clear that the " hunting tartan " is the oldest authenticated
Maclean tartan.

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THE CLAN MACLEOD TARTANS

A GOOD deal of confusion seems to exist regarding the tartans of this
clan. The confusion is long-standing, and has arisen partly on
account of clan and district tartans being confounded. There are
few people who deny the antiquity of district tartans, while not a few are
sceptical regarding the age and origin of clan tartans. Martin, who visited
the Western Hebrides about 1700, tells how certain districts wore specific
tartans ; indeed, to the present day " Argyll district " tartan is spoken of
when reference is made to what is known to clansmen as " Cawdor Campbell."
Tartans that were at one time associated with a district have in some cases
been appropriated by one or more clans (see Huntly, Gordon, and Forbes).
With reference to the Clan Macleod, one would naturally think that some
of the old paintings of the chiefs of the clan, still preserved in Dunvegan
Castle, would throw some light on the pattern in use in the days of the
respective chiefs. Unfortunately the artists seem to have contented them
selves with any pattern. For instance, Norman, nineteenth chief of the
MacLeods (1706-71), is painted by Allan Ramsay in what seems to be Rob
Roy tartan ; while his grandson, twentieth chief, is painted in the tartan
now frequently worn by MacLeods and Mackenzies, and usually designated
"Mackenzie-MacLeod" (see Clan Mackenzie). The confusion in regard to
this tartan arose about 1777, when the 73rd Regiment (known as Lord
MacLeod's Highlanders) was raised. It was commanded by John, son of the
third Earl of Cromarty, whose courtesy title was Lord MacLeod, though his
family name was Mackenzie. Lord MacLeod's mother was Margaret, daughter
of Torquil, the last MacLeod chief of Lewis. The regiment wore what is
known as Mackenzie tartan. Broadly stated, the Mackenzies allege that
this tartan (with the white line) is theirs, but was called MacLeod, and used
by MacLeods, because the Colonel of the regiment bore the title of Lord
MacLeod. The MacLeods also claim this tartan as theirs ; and when the
Clan MacLeod Society was formed in 1880, that with the white stripe was
adopted as being the set worn by their chief.
The yellow and black, designated' "MacLeod," and sometimes called
"MacLeod dress tartan," is still used by MacLeod of Cadboll, who represents
the Raasay line.
The design designated " MacLeod of Skye " is in common use, but those
labelled "MacLeod (black and white)" and "MacLeod (black and red)"
respectively are seldom worn. The latter may have been in the artist's
mind when he painted Norman, nineteenth chief, as wearing " Rob Roy "
tartan. It is more than likely that some of the tartans referred to are of
comparatively modern origin.
It has been stated that when Mackenzies and MacLeods use the tartan
called "Mackenzie- MacLeod," the former show the white stripe on the edge
of the kilt pleats, while the latter show the red line.

THE CLAN MACLEOD

Clan Pipe Music : — Salutes — "MacLeod of MacLeod's Salute, "" MacLeod of Gesto's Salute,''
"MacLeod of Raasay's Salute," "MacLeod of Tallisker's Salute." Laments — "Lament
for John Garve MacLeod," "Lament for MacLeod of Colbeck," "Lament for MacLeod of
Raasay." March — "lomradh Mhic Leoid" ("MacLeod's Praise";.
Badge : — Aiteann (Juniper).

THE original progenitor of both branches of, the MacLeod family was
Leod. He was almost certainly a son of Olave, the Black King of
Man. Born very early in the thirteenth century, he married the
daughter of MacRailt Armuinn. She was the heiress of Dunvegan. By her
he had two sons — Tormod, the ancestor of the MacLeods of Harris ; and
Torquil, the ancestor of the MacLeods of the Lewes.
The Lewes family possessed the Lewes and Waternish, in Skye. The
Harris family held Harris (including St. Kilda) and Dunvegan, and large
tracts of land in Skye. These estates they held under the Lords of the
Isles. Each family, in addition, held mainland estates under the Crown, for
which they received charters about the year 1340. The Harris MacLeods
thus held Glenelg ; the Lewes MacLeods held Assynt.
When the final forfeiture of the Lord of the Isles took place at the end
of the fifteenth century, both families got charters of their island estates
from the Crown. They occupied the right wing of the post of honour at the
battle of Harlaw in 1411, and were at the battle of the Bloody Bay in 1485.
The MacLeods had their share in the negotiations the object of which was
to transfer the allegiance of the Highland chiefs from the Scottish to the
English king, and the heads of both families signed the Commission under
which these negotiations were carried on.
At the end of the sixteenth century the MacLeods of the Lewes became
extinct in the male line, and their estates passed to Mackenzie of Kintail,
who married a daughter of Torquil Conanach of the Lewes. The story of
the extinction of this branch of the family is much too long to tell here. It
is one long record of murder and treachery, and is perhaps the darkest chapter
in the blood-stained annals of Highland history. The MacLeods of Raasay
then became the male representatives of the MacLeods of the Lewes, and
when they became extinct in the early part of the nineteenth century the
headship of the family passed to MacLeod of Cadboll.
The most distinguished chiefs of the Dunvegan family after the fifteenth
century were the following : Alaster Crotach, who built the Fairy Tower at
Dunvegan, restored Rowdell Abbey, in which church he is buried, and played
a leading part in West Highland affairs for more than half a century, till his
death in 1549; Rory Mor, who, between 1595 and 1626, was perhaps the
ablest of the Highland chiefs, and raised himself from the position of a for-

The Cil4N MacLeod — continued.
felted outlaw to that of an honoured servant of his king ; Iain Breac, who
was chief at the end of the seventeenth century, restored the family fortunes,
which had been much injured by the prodigality of his predecessors, was
Lord-Lieutenant of Inverness-shire, and the model of what a chief should be ;
General MacLeod, who, about the end of the eighteenth century, raised the
second battalion of the 42nd, and greatly distinguished himself in India.
The darkest blot in the fair fame of the MacLeods is the Eigg Massacre,
which took place in 1577. The whole population of the island of Eigg were
suffocated in a cave.
The ^ilacLeods, under Sir Norman of Bernera, were at Worcester, where
they lost 700 men, but owing, it is said, to the gross ingratitude of Charles
II., took no share in subsequent Stuart risings. A letter from James 11.,
dated Dublin, 1690, is extant, imploring MacLeod to join Dundee; and in
1716 James III. and VIII. conferred a Peerage on the MacLeod of the day.
In 1745 the MacLeods of Raasay were devoted adherents of Prince Charles
Edward, but the chief, though he had certainly been mixed up in Jacobite
plots, took the other side.
Dunvegan Castle is the family seat. It is a grand old place, " combining
the romance of the ninth with the comfort of the twentieth century." In
it are preserved countless relics of the past — the ancient cup which Scott
describes in a note to the Lord of the Isles ; the horn which every chief drains
when he comes of age ; the Fairy Flag, which was once endued with mystic
power to save the clan in the hour of peril ; relics of Prince Charlie and Flora
MacDonald ; ancient armour and weapons ; letters from distinguished guests
who have received hospitality within the Castle's walls ; and numberless
objects of interest too numerous to mention.
The MacCrimmons, most famous of Highland pipers, were for centuries the
pipers of the MacLeods. In modern times the most famous members of the
clan have been the scions of the MacLeods of Morven, with the honoured
Dr Norman MacLeod at their head. But all over the world are to be found
cadets of the family — MacLeods of Gesto, of Meidle and Glendale, of Drynoch,
of Talisker, of Bernera, of Hamer, of Greshornish, of Ulinish, of Dalvey, of
Orbost, of Rigg, of Assynt, of Geanies, and many others.

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MACLEOD (Black and White).

MACLEOD (Black and Red).

THE CLAN MACMILLAN

<-'tan Pipe Music : — March — "The Clan Macmillan Society Marcli."
Badge : — Cuileann (Holly).

THERE seems to be considerable difficulty in tracing the origin and
following the footsteps of this clan. Despite the statement of
Buchanan of Auchmar that they are descended from Methlan, a
brother of the chief of the Buchanans, who flourished in the time of King
Alexander II., it is pretty generally believed that the Macmillans are of
ecclesiastical origin. In the Highlands, an individual member of the clan i,g
referred to by Gaelic-speaking people as " MacMliaoilein " or "Mac-Gille-
mhaoil," maol being the Gaelic for bald or tonsured.
A branch of the clan is found at Loch Arkaig in Lochaber, at an early
period. They had possessions on both sides of the Loch and reigned supreme
as "Clann Ghillemhaoil Abrach." They were among the most loyal retainers
of Lochiel. From Loch Arkaig the clan, as tradition says, was removed by
Malcolm IV. (1153-65) and placed on the crownlands of Loch Tay, in Perth
shire. The estate of Lawers belonged to them, and they were to be found
there long before the Campbells held possessions in that district. From
Lawers they were driven by Chalmers in the reign of David II. (1324-71).
Some of the dispossessed Macmillans emigrated southwards to Knapdale, on
the Argyllshire coast, and others to Galloway. The Knapdale branch soon
attained to considerable power and influence. They owned the largest half of
the southern part of the district, and their chief was Macmillan of Knap, a
person of great importance in the west of Scotland. A boulder at Knap head
was said to have written upon it Macmillan's right to Knapdale: "Cbir Mhic
Mhaoilein air a' Chnap." According to tradition the title ran as follows —
" Fhad 's a ruitheas sruth is gaoth,''
Bidh coir Mhic Mhaoilein air a' Chnap. "
which may be rendered —

" While currents run and winds blow cold,
Macmillan's right to Knap shall hold. '
Another version of the title runs —
" Macmillan's right to Knap shall be,
While 'gainst this rock shall dash the sea.''
There are several relics surviving in the district of the former power of
the clan. At the entrance of Loch Sween, Knapdale, there is a rocky
promontory on which stands a ruined castle of great extent and strength.
It is said to have been built about the beginning of the eleventh century by
Sweno, Prince of Denmark, and was later the residence of Alexander, Lord of
3°

The Clan Macmillan — continued,
the Isles, who was besieged there by Bruce, to whom Alexander was compelled
to surrender it. " One of the towers of that fine edifice. Castle Sween," says
Skene, " bears the name of Macmillan's Tower, and there is a stone cross in
the old churchyard of Kilmory, Knap, upwards of 12 feet high, richly
sculptured, which has upon one side the representation of a Highland chief
hunting the deer, having the following inscription in ancient Saxon characters
underneath the figure : ' Haec est Alexandre Macmillani.' Although the
Macmillans were at a very early period in Knapdale, they probably obtained
the greater part of their possessions then by marriage with the heiress of the
MacNeills in the sixteenth century."
When the family of Macmillan Mor of Knap became extinct, Macmillan of
Dunmore, an estate lying on the south side of Loch Tarbert, succeeded to the
chiefship. After a while this branch, too, died out, when the MacNeills, by
right of their inter-marriage with the Macmillans claimed the property. They
were opposed by the Campbells ; but the dispute was amicably adjusted by
the estate passing by purchase into the hands of Sir Archibald Campbell of
Inverneil in 1775.
The branch of the Macmillans which is perhaps best known in history is
that which migrated southwards to Galloway about the same time that the
Loch Tay colony came to Knapdale. Since the thirteenth century, as appears
from charters, a large number of Macmillans have been settled in the
Glenkens — a beautiful region in the north of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright,
watered by the river known as the "AVater of Ken'' and its tributaries,
including the parishes of Carsphairn, Dairy, Kells, and also a part of the
parish of Balmaclellan. The Macmillans of Carsphairn are descended from a
brother of Macmillan Mor of Knap.
A representative of the Galloway branch distinguished himself as a leader
of the Cameronians, or Reformed Presbyterians, who were called Macmillanites
after him.
.Macmillans are still to be found in considerable numbers in Kintyre and
Arran. There is a Clan Macmillan Society in Glasgow.

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MACMILLAN.

MACMILLAN (HUNTING)

THIS chaste tartan was designed and manufactured in the year 1890 by
Bailie Donald Macmillan, J. P., Partick, a representative of the Loch
Arkaig branch of the clan, and chieftain of the Clan Macmillan
Society. Patented and registered as "Breacanseilgmhicgillemhaoil," it has
already attained great popularity, almost completely supplanting the old
clan tartan. The Clan Macmillan Society was formed in Glasgow in 1892.
Its first chief was the late Rev. Hugh MacMillan, D.D., LL.D., F.R.S.E., and
to this position he was unanimously elected for seven years, when he resigned
it in favour of Mr George A. Macmillan, London." Addressing the first
gathering of the Clan Society, its chief said : " There is only one thing that
we have to find fault with in connection with our clan, and that is its tartan.
Very few people have ever seen it, and those who have do not admire its
discordant combination of yellow and red checks and stripes. I am glad that
a member of our clan has remedied this defect and patented a Hunting form
of our tartan which is as harmonious as it is elegant and appropriate. And I
trust that it will become so popular that in a few years it will have acquired
the charm of antiquity, like the smell of the peat-smoke which guarantees the
genuineness of the Harris tweed, and so take its place as a true tartan."

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MACMILLAN (HUNTING).

THE CLAN MACNAB

Clan- Pi/If Mii.tif : (iathoring— "Co-tbional I'hloinn an Aba" ("The Macnabs' Gatliering").
Salute — "Fi\ilto Mliio an Aba" ("Maonab's Salute").
Badge : --Hoobuckhi'iiy (Stone Braiiibh!), Rubus Saxalilis ; also Dearoan-fithicli.

1

^J^HE Macnabs arc of ecclesiastical origin. They are called in Gaelic
" Clann-an-Aba " — Children of the Abbot — and are descended from
the abbots of Glendochart. The clan possessions were situated on
the side of Loch Tay, and stretched along the course of the Dochart to the
lioad of Strathflllan. The Macnabs prospered until the reign of Alexander III.,
when they wore acknowledged to have been a powerful and influential family.
Unfortunately for themselves, in 1 306 they elected to support the Comyn
interests, and assisted the Macdougals and MacNaughtons to defeat the Bruce
at Dalrigli. Two years later King Robert reversed this defeat, when he
overthrow tlio Macdougals and Macnabs in a fierce battle in the Pass of
Brander. The two clans wore not subdued by that disaster, for in 1314
tliey and their allies, tlie Comyns, appeared under the English standard at
Bannockburn. During those wars the lands of the Macnabs were overrun
by tlioir enemies, their houses were destroyed, and their family papers lost
or stolon ; and after Bannockburn their estates were forfeited and were
granted by the Bruce to his loyal supporters — the Macgregors, Dewars,
Menzieses, and certain religious establishments.
Thus tlieir family history has no continuity until the time of Gilbert
Maoiiab, wjio made his peace with King David II., and obtained from that
monarcli a charter for the barony of Bovain, in Glondochart, in 1336. Gilbert
is usually styled the first chief of the clan. He died in the reign of Robert II.,
niid was sucooodod by his son, Finlay (II.), who lived in the roigns of
Robert II. and Robert HI., and died in the reign of King James I. At this
time the Maounbs had a feud witli the Macgregors. The two clans had a
savage, but drawn, encounter near Crianlarich in 1426, and so reduced were
they that Duncan (Campbell of Glenorchy, considering himself capable of
disposing of tliom, obtained the Royal consent to punish them. He dis
possessed tlu" -Macgregors of certain lands; but the Macnabs beat him off",
and eventually thoy and the Macgregors combined against him.
Finlay Avas succeeded by his son, Patrick (III.), who obtained charters
for .Vuohlyno in 1464 and 1474, and who resigned his lands to his son,
t'inlay, in 1487. Finlay (IV.) is said to have been a Gaelic bard. He
obtained a charter for Ardchyle and Wester Durnish, in Glendochart, in
I486. His father died at Auchlyne in 1488. About this time the ilacnabs
soom to have set about the recovering of their possessions lost in the wars
of the Briico. Tiioy had some trouble with the Dewars, and began their
long struggle witli the Neishos. In 1502 Finlay received from James IV.

The Clan Macnab — continued.
a charter of the lands of Ewer and Leiragan. He was succeeded by his son,
Finlay. Finlay (V.) appears as a witness to a charter to Duncan Campbell of
Glenorchy in 1511. In his time the battle of Glenboultachan is supposed to
have been fought. He died at "Ilia Rayne, and was buried at Killin 13th
April 1525," and his eldest son, Finlay (VI.), succeeded him. He mortgaged
the greater part of his lands to Colin Campbell of Glenorchy,. under a charter
dated 24th November 1552, and confirmed by a charter from Mary, dated
27th June 1553.
Finlay (VII.), son of the preceding chief, entered into a bond of friendship
with his kinsman, Lauchlan Mackinnon of Strathardil, in 1606. This bond
is witnessed by "James Maonabb, Robert Macnabb, Duncan Dow Macnabb
Archibald Macnabb, Gibbie Macnabb, John Mac Dhonnell rewich, and Ewan
Mackinnons, with others." Finlay married Catherine Campbell, daughter of
the Laird of Glenorchy, by whom he had twelve sons.
In 1610 a party of 200 chosen men of the Campbells, Macnabs, Mac
Donalds, and Camerons defeated a body of Macgregors at Bintoich. In 1612
the sons of Macnab stormed the stronghold of the Neishes, and put all save
two to the sword.
Iain Min, or Smooth John (VIIL), succeeded his father. John led his
clan under ilontrose in 1645, and after the battle of Kilsyth was commis
sioned to defend the Castle of Kincardine.
Alexander (IX.), a mere boy, became chief on his father's death. During
his minority the Campbells overran the Macnab possessions, and destroyed
tlie Castle of Eilean Ran. His mother was Mary, daughter of Campbell of
Glenlyon. Alexander married a sister of Sir Alexander Menzies of Weem,
by whom he had Robert, tenth chief, who married Anne Campbell, sister to
the first Earl of Breadalbane. Robert raised his clan in 1680, and aided
Glenorchy in his campaign in Caithness. His son, John Macnab, eleventh
chief, married Jean, sister to Francis Buchanan of Amprior, by whom he had
two sons, Francis and Robert, and two daughters, Elizabeth and Marjory,
who survived him. The family of the chief fought for the House of Hanover
in the '45 : but the clan was out for the Stewarts under Acharn, Inchewen,
and Dundurn. John Macnab died in 1778, and Francis became twelfth chief
He was somewhat eccentric, and many anecdotes concerning him and his
witty sayings or doings are still current. On his death at Callander, 25th
May 1816, his nephew, Archibald, son of Dr Robert Macnab, became thir
teenth chief Owing to his financial difficulties Archibald was compelled to
sell his estates. In the beginning of last century many of the clan had
crossed the Atlantic, and in 1821 the chief, with some hundreds of the clans-
folk, emigrated to Canada. There he had other troubles and difficulties, and
in 1853 he returned to Europe. After a visit to Scotland he settled in
France, where he died on 12th August 1860, aged eighty-three. He was
survived by a widow and but one daughter out of a family of eight. His
daughter, Sophia Francis, died at Florence in 1894.
Heads of Houses : Aucharn, Inchewen, Dundurn, StrathfiUan, Suie,
Newton, Cowe, Jamaica, etc.
There is a Clan Macnab Society witli its headquarters at Edinburgh.

MACNAB.

MACNAB.

THE CLAN MACNAUGHTON

War Cry: — " Fraoch-Eilean " ("Heather Isle, Lochawe").
Badge : — Lus Albannach (Trailing Azalea).

THE name Nectan is Pictish, and the earliest authentic reference to the
clan MacNaughton connects them with Strathtay and Argyllshire.
In the twelfth century they were proprietors of Strathtay, and were
styled " T6iseachs " or Thanes of Lochtay. In the thirteenth century we find
them possessing land in Argyllshire. These possessions extended over the
upper part of Lochawe, Glenara, Glenshira, and Lochfyne. Their strongholds
were "Fraoch-Eilean" Castle in Lochawe, Castle "Dubh-Loch" in Glenshira,
and the more modern Castle of Dundarave, on Lochfyne. Above the main
door of the old tower of Dundarave is the following quaint legend : —
" 1598. J • man • behald ¦ the • end • of • all • be ¦ nocht • vyser • nor •
THE • HJESTEST ' J " HOIP ' IN ' GOD."
In 1267 Alexander III. granted to " Gillichrist MacNachdan " and his heirs
the keeping of his castle and island of Frechelan, Lochawe, so that they should
cause it to be built and repaired at the King's expense, as often as needful,
and keep it safely for the King's necessity; and that as often as he should
come to it, the castle well furnished, should be delivered to him to lodge and
dwell there at his pleasure. There is a local tradition that they were also
required to provide the King with a snowball in whatever season of the year
he should come the way. As Fraoch-Eilean is situated near the base of Ben
Cruachan this condition was not unattainable.
In 1306 "Baroun Donald MacNauchtan" fought, and successfully, with
his relative, John of Lorn, against Bruce.
About the year 1343, David II. granted to "Alexander MacNauchtane all
the lands which belonged to the deceased John, the son of Duncan, the son of
Alexander of Yle, and all the lands that belonged to the deceased John
MacDougall, the parson."
Between the years 1390 and 1406 Robert III. confirmed Maurice Mac-
Naughtane a grant by Colin Campbell of Lochow, in heritage, of various lands
in Over-Lochow. In 1513 Sir Alexander MacNaughton and his clan followed James IV. to
England, and fell, with the flower of the Scottish nobility, at the fatal field of
Flodden. The son and heir of this Sir Alexander MacNaughton, who fell at
Flodden, married Anne, daughter of Murdoch Maclaine of Lochbuie, whose
wife was a daughter of Somerled Buie MacDonell, and sister of Randal, who
became first Earl of Antrim in 1618.
In 1627 Alexander MacNaughton of that Ilk levied, by order of Charles I.,
one of the finest bands of Highland archers that Scotland ever had, to serve

The Clan MacNaughton — continued.
in the war against Francej for which they sailed with Mackinnon's men,
with many pipers and harpers.
Alexander MacNaughton was deemed, says Buchanan of Auchmar, one of
the bravest and most accomplished men of his time. He was a loj'al servant
to Charles I. and II. and had the honour of knighthood conferred on him, with
a pension by the latter. The latter part of his life he spent at court, and died
in London. Alexander was succeeded by his son John, who in 1698 fought with
Graham of Claverhouse at Killiecrankie. In 1691 the MacNaughton estates
were forfeited. The last of the MacNaughtons of Dundarave was John, who
married about 1700 a daughter of Sir James Campbell, the last of the
Campbells of Ardkinglas in the direct male line. It is said that Ardkinglas,
Laban-like, deceived MacNaughton, who found himself married to the eldest
daughter instead of the second. Local tradition says that the following day
MacNaughton and the second daughter fled to Ireland, leaving his wife
lamenting. She composed a Gaelic lament known as " MacNeachdain an
Diiin '' (see Records of Argyll).
In 1878 a meeting of the clan MacNaughton was held at the Literary
Institute, Edinburgh, when a Committee reported that they had made an
investigation regarding the chieftainship, and had unanimously resolved that
Sir Francis Edmund ilacNaugton, Bart., of Dunderove, Antrim, lineal
descendant of the ancient line, should be held the chief His ancestor was
Ian Dhu, third son of Sir John MacNaughton of that Ilk, and grandson of Sir
Alexander, who fell at Flodden. He went to Ireland as secretary to his
kinsman. Earl of Antrim, and settled there.
The above-named Sir Francis Edmund MacNaughton's brother, Edward,
was in 1887 created a Lord of Appeal, as Lord MacNaughton.

MACNAUGHTON.

THE MACNEILLS OF BARRA

War Cry ;— " Buaidh no Bks" ("Victory or Death").
Clan Pipe Music :— Lament— " Cumha Mhic NMU Bharra " (" MacNeill of Barra's Lament ").
Pibroch-" Spaidsearachd Mhic NMU " (" MacNeill's March ").
Badge : — Machull monaidh (Dryaa) or Feumainn (Algae).

IT is generally admitted that the MacNeills of Barra and the MacNeills of
Gigha have a common origin. They both trace themselves back to Neil
Og. There can be no doubt the MacNeills of Gigha and the MacNeills
of Castle Sween belonged to the same branch of the clan MacNeil.
Neil, the founder of the clan, flourished about 1300. He was succeeded
by Neil Og, his son, who is said to have been present at the battle of
Bannockburn (1314), and to have obtained a charter of the lands of
Kintyre from Robert the Bruce. Neil Og's grandson, Roderick, witnessed
a charter by Donald, Lord of the Isles, to Hector Maclean of Duart in 1409.
He was succeeded by his son, Gilleonan, who received a charter from
Alexander, Lord of the Isles, of the island of Barra and the lands of Boisdale
in South Uist in 1427. It would appear, however, that the MacNeill of Barra
was not chief of the clan at this period. In 1472 we find Hector MacTorquill
MacNeill, keeper of the Castle Sween, witnessing a charter of Celestine, Lord
of Lochalsh. As late as the middle of the sixteenth century we find in the
Register of the Privy Seal a letter " to TorkiU MacNeill, chief and principal of
the clan and surname of MacNeills,'' and it is unquestionable that this TorkiU
was neither Gigha nor Barra, for at this date "Neill MaoNele" was laird of
Gigha and " Gilleownan MacNeill " laird of Barra. As this TorkiU is not
designated of any property, it is probable that the chiefs of the MacNeills
possessed the hereditary office of keeper of Castle Sween.
Gilleonan, IX. of Barra, is on record in 1545. He was succeeded by his
son, Roderick, a man of great strength and activity. He was killed at the
battle of Glenlivet in 1594. His successor was his son, "Roderick the
turbulent." In 1688 Roderick MacNeill, XIV. of Barra, obtained a Crown
charter of Barra. He was succeeded by his son Roderick, who was in turn
succeeded by his son, also called Roderick. This latter Roderick was a
lieutenant in Eraser's Highlanders. He was killed at Quebec in 1759. He
was succeeded by his sou Roderick, who married in 1787 Jean, daughter of
Ewen Cameron of Fassifern. He died in Manchester in 1822, and was
succeeded by his son Roderick, who entered the army. He was obliged to
part with Barra, which was sold in 1840 to Colonel John Gordon of Cluny-
Roderick, the last MacNeill of Barra, died in England in October 1863. He
was at the time of his death a Lieutenant-General.
The MacNeills of Gigha have always been regarded as the oldest cadet
family of the MacNeills of Barra. The chief of the MacNeills of Gigha in the
31

The MacNeills of Barua — continued.
first half of the sixteenth century was Neil MacNeill. He had two sons,. Neil
ancestor of the MacNeills of Taynish, and John Og, ancestor of the MacNeills
of Gallachoille and of Crearer, afterwards of Colonsay (see MacNeills of Colon
say). In 1554 Gigha was sold to James MacDonald of Islay. In 1590 Hector
MacNeil of Taynish purchased Gigha from John Campbell of Calder, who had
acquired it from MacDonald of Islay, so that it again became the property
of a MacNeill. The estates of Gigha and Taynish were possessed by his
descendants till 1780, when the former were sold to Alexander MacNeill of
Colonsay, a cadet of the family.
The principal cadets of the Gigha MacNeills besides the Taynish family,
were those of Gallachoille, Caraskey, and Tir-Fergus.
Torquil, a younger son of Lachlan MacNeill Buie of Tir-Fergus, acquired
the estate of Ugadale in Kintyre, by marriage with the heiress of the
Mackays in the end of the seventeenth century. The present proprietor
spells his name MacNeal.

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MACNEIL.
OR MACNEILL.

THE MACNEILLS OF COLONSAY

THE MacNeills of Colonsay as such only go back to 1780 when Donald
MacNeill of Crearer acquired from Archibald, Duke of Argyll, the
islands of Colonsay and Oronsay in exchange for the lands of Crearer
in South Knapdale, Drimdrishaig, and others. This Donald MacNeill was
succeeded by his son Malcolm, who had two sons, Donald and Alexander.
Donald, who succeeded his father, acquired the estate of Ardlussa in Jura.
He had a son, Archibald, who succeeded him. He sold the estates of
Colonsay and Ardlussa to his cousin, John MacNeill, who was born 1767, and
died in 1846. He was succeeded by his son, Alexander, who acquired the
estate of Gigha, and in 1848 sold the islands of Colonsay and Oronsay to his
next brother, Duncan. Alexander died in 1850. Duncan, who was born in
1793, distinguished himself as a judge, and was raised to the Peerage as
Baron Colonsay in 1867. He was Member of Parliament for Argyllshire from
1843-51. He died in 1874. He was succeeded by his nephew. Sir John
Carstairs MacNeill, V.C, K.C.B., of Gigha, born in 1831. He died in 1904,
when the estate was sold, the purchaser being Lord Strathcona.

MACNEIL (COLONSAY).
OR MACNEILL.

THE MACNICOLS OR NICOLSONS

THE origin of this clan is difficult to determine. In modern Gaelic
the name takes the form "MacNeacail"; while in old documents
we have "M'Nicail," from Latin "Nicolas." In Argyllshire the sur
name invariably takes the form MacNiool ; while in Skye and the North
generally Nicolson is the approved designation. While the cradle of the
clan may be difficult to determine definitely, there is little doubt of their
being found in Skye at an early period, and in that island they are still
numerous. The Nicolsons held the lands of Scorrybreac, Skye, as principal
tenants from about the middle of the eleventh century, and a MS. history
of the MacDonalds, written in the reign of Charles II., speaks of "MacNicol
of Portree " as one of the sixteen men who formed the Council of the Lord
of the Isles. In the year 1263, at the battle of Largs, one of Haco's ships
was commanded by Sir Andrew Nicolson, a Danish Knight from the Isle of
Skye. The Nicolsons had the large peninsula of Troternish from its
"Braighe" to "Rudha Hunish " — that is, from the district called the "Braes
of Portree." Son succeeded father in the chiefship, and there is a local
tradition to the effect that over one hundred chiefs of the clan were borne
to their last resting-place in Snizort Churchyard from the old house of
Scorrybreac. " On the 12th February 1813," it is recorded in the press of the
day that " there died at Scorrybreac, in the Isle of Skye, in the eighty-
seventh year of his age, Malcolm Nicolson, Esq., who, with his predecessors,
lineally and without interruption, possessed that farm for many centuries
back. He was possessed of universal benevolence and charity, beloved and
esteemed by his family, in which he presided as an affectionate husband, a
dutiful father, and faithful friend, and his amiable and endearing qualities
will be long remembered and respected by a numerous circle of his friends
and acquaintances."
Members of the family settled at Lonfeam, Aird, Penifiler, and elsewhere
in Syke, but Nicolson of Scorrybreac was always looked upon as the head of
the clan. The last chief, Norman Nicolson of Scorrybreac, emigrated to New
Zealand. He was an educated gentleman, of courtly bearing, and a Gaelic
bard of some repute.
Reference must be made to some member of the clan who distinguished
themselves in the Celtic field. The late Alexander Nicolson, LL.D., Advo
cate, was born at Husabost, Skye, in 1827. He was called to the Bar 1860.
In 1 865 he was commissioned to visit and report upon the state of education
in the Highlands. He was also a member of Lord Napier's Commission
appointed in 1883 to inquire into the condition of the Highland crofters,
and his knowledge of the language and habits of the Gaelic people was of
no small service in that inquiry. He wrote Gaelic and English with equal
grace, and was no mean poet in either language. His principal contribution
to Gaelic literature was a splendid volume of Gaelic proverbs, which is a

The MacNicols or Nicolsons — continued.
monument of patience and Celtic scholarship, and one of the most valuable
collections of the kind in any language. He died at Edinburgh in 1893.
As already stated, the MacNicols are numerous in Argyll. The Rev.
Donald MacNicol, M.A., was a nephew of Stewart of Invernahyle. He was
licensed by the Presbytery of Lorn in 1760. He was minister of Lismore,
Argyllshire, from 1766 till his death in 1802. He was noted for his learning
and for being an excellent poet. He made a collection of Gaelic Ossianic
poetry in 1755, and published in 1779 a volume entitled Remarks on Dr
Samuel Johnson^s Journey to the Hebrides, on the perusal of which the great
moralist is said to have "growled hideously."

MACNICOL.

THE MACPHERSONS AND THEIR
TARTANS

LIKE the MacLeods, the Macphersons have quite a number of settings
of tartan associated with them. They are not all old, however, and
several of them have no better authority than that they appear in
the Vestiarium Scoticum, (1842).
Commenting on the fact that the Macphersons had so many different
settings, a representative of a Highland family who lived in the second half
of the eighteenth century writes : " When the Stuart princes published their
Vestiarium Scoticum Cluny was their friend, and they gave him five or six
different tartans all to himself — the Cluny tartan, the Hunting tartan, the
Dress tartan, etc."
The Cluny, or full dress tartan, is not older than the Vestiarium. Sir
Thomas Dick Lauder, writing to Sir Walter Scott on 1st June 1829, says :
" Cluny Macpherson appeared at the late fancy dress ball at Edinburgh in
his beautiful and genuine tartan, as taken from the MS. ( Vestiarium), which
excited universal admiration.''
What is now called the Macpherson Hunting tartan is found in the earliest
collections, and it is more than likely that it was the pattern generally worn
by the clan down to the middle of last century, when the white ground was
exchanged for grey.

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MACPHERSON.

THE CLAN MACPHERSON

War Cry :— " Creag Dhubh Chloinn Chatain " ("The Black Craig of Clan Chattan ").
Clan Pipe Music : — Salute — "Cluny Maopheraon's Salute." Lament—" Macpherson Lament."
March — "'S fhedar dhomh fhein a bhi fabhh dhachaidh direach" ("Cluny Maopheraon's
March ").
Badge : — Bosca (Boxwood) or Lus nan crkimsheag, braoileag (Red Whortleberry).

THE name Macpherson — Son of the Parson — was common over the
Highlands in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries ; but only one
clan came into existence therefrom — the Macphersons of Clan
Chattan. They are not one of the great clans until the Jacobite wars of
the eighteenth century; they are not on the Parliamentary clan rolls of
1587 or 1594. They appear in history first in connection with the events
that ended in the battle of Glenlivet (1594). Sir .(Eneas Macpherson (circ.
1700 A.D.), their genealogist, claims them to be the "Old Clan Chattan,"
descended from the clan eponymus, Gilli-catan Mor, in the eleventh century.
His great-grandson was Muireach, the Parson, from whom they take the
names Clann Mhuirich and Macpherson. He marriled by Papal dispensation
in 1173. His second son was Ewen Bkn, and Ewen's sons were: Kenneth,
ancestor of Cluny ; John, ancestor of Pitmean ; and Gillies, ancestor of the
Invereshie family. Unfortunately Sir .^Eneas gives only five generations be
tween Muireach in 1173 and Donald Og, who died in 1562 ! He makes the
famous Eva of Clan Chattan's father (circa 1270) full cousin to Kenneth, the
Parson's grandson, who lived, at the earliest, about 1400. Of course, though
Eva took the Clan Chattan lands and the captaincy of Clan Chattan over to
Mackintosh, Sir ^neas makes it clear that Cluny is chief of the Clan Chattan
in the male line.
'The truth is very different. Kenneth, son of Ewen, may with certainty
be regarded as a real personage ; his grandson. Bean of Brin, appears in
documents in 1481-90-1502. This would naturally place Kenneth's date
about 1430, and he is mentioned in the Kinrara MSS. as contemporary with
the Mackintosh chief who died in 1407 ; and Kenneth's son, Duncan Parsoun,
married this chief's granddaughter. From Duncan Parsoun, son of Kenneth,
both Skene and the Kinrara MS. trace the Cluny family ; for Duncan Persoun
is mentioned in 1438 as having been prisoner in Tantallon Castle along with
Alexander, Earl of Ross (Celtic Scot., III., 297, 364). Kinrara makes Duncan
Parson of Laggau ; but the Parson seems to have sprung from the Strath
nairn district, where his descendants held property earliest of any Mac
phersons attached to Clan Chattan. The genealogy from Duncan Parson
runs thus : He was father of Donald Mor and Bean, ancestor of Brin ; Donald
Mor was father of Donald Dall, who was father of Donald Og (died 1362),
father of Ewen, father of Andrew in Cluny and of Grange, in Banffshire.

The Clan Macpherson — continued.
Andrew is a historical personage ; Huntly egged him on to form a Mac
pherson clan to spite Mackintosh, and was to some extent successful. Andrew
signs the Macpherson Bond to Huntly in 1591, is tenant of Cluny in 1603
in the Gordon Rental (for "3 pleuches"), signs the Clan Chattan Bond in
1609 as head of the Brin family, and is often in the Privy Council Records
as harbourer of Macgregors, etc. His son, Ewen, was Colonel of the Badenoch
men in the Montrose campaign, and did good service. He predeceased his
father, who died in 1660. Andrew, son of Ewen, followed, but dying young,
was succeeded by his brother, Duncan. In his time the Cluny estate was
consolidated by the excambion of Grange, and Duncan put forth claims for
the chiefship of " Old Clan Chattan," incited by Huntly and his own
ambitions, and possibly by Sir ^neas ; but in this he was opposed by the
Invereshie and Pitmean families, who were real Badenoch Macphersons,
descended from Muireach Parson, alleged grandfather of Kenneth MacEwen.
Hence they are called Clann Mhuirich, and it is very doubtful if the Brin-
Cluny family, descended from Duncan Parson (1438), belong to the genuine
Clann Vurich at all, and still less genealogically to Clan Chattan. Duncan died
in 1722, and was succeeded by William of Nuid, his cousin, son of Donald,
son of John, brother of Andrew of Grange and Cluny.
The Cluny estate was now much enlarged, and practically meant most
of Laggan. The clan had also become consolidated, and its head — now called
chief — took his place among his peers. William's son was Lachlan, who
married a daughter of Lochiel. He died in 1746. His son, Ewen, who
married Lord Lovat's daughter, Janet, and was thus and also by inclination
drawn into the 1745 Rising, firmly established the name of himself and his
clan among Highland chiefs and clans. The Macphersons were among the
best of Prince Charles' army. Ewen remained in Badenoch in hiding for
nine years after Culloden, escaping to France in 1755, where he died next
year. His only son, Duncan, was born in 1750 ; he had his estates restored
in 1784; he married a daughter of Sir Ewen Cameron of Fassifern, leaving
a large family. He died in 1832. His successor was his son, Ewen, the
last of the picturesque old Highland chiefs. After a long chiefship, he died
in 1885, and was succeeded by his sons— Duncan (d. 1888), Ewen (d. 1900),
and now Albert Cameron (born 1854), the fourth son, holds the estate. The
Chief is called Cluny Macpherson.
The next important branch of the Macphersons was that of Invereshie,
still represented in the male line by Sir George Macpherson Grant of
Ballindalloch. James Macpherson, of " Ossianic " fame, is said to have been
of the Clan Dai or Davidson branch of the Clann Vurich. There are two
genealogies given him which assert a more or less distant cousinship in the
male line with the Cluny family (Saunder's Life of James Macpherson, p. 31,
and Macpherson's Glimpses, etc., p. 255).

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MACPHERSON (HUNTING)

THE CLAN MACQUARRIE

War Cry : — "An t-Arm Breac Dearg" ("the army of the checkered red " [tartan]).
Badge : — Giuthas (Pine Tree).

THE name Macquarrie comes from the Gaelic " Guaire " — which means
noble. The Macquarries first appear in possession of the island of
Ulva and part of Mull, and like the Mackinnons, "their situation
forced them," says Skene, " to become dependent upon the MacDonalds."
John Macquarrie of Ulva is the first on record, dying about 1473. His
son, Dunslaff, was chief in 1493, and after the forfeiture of the Lord of the
Isles they followed Maclean of Duart. With the latter Dunslaff supported
the claims of Donald Dubh to the Lordship of the Isles in the beginning of
the sixteenth century, and in 1504 "MacGorry of Ullowaa" was summoned
with some other chiefs to answer for his share in Donald Dubh's rebellion.
When, in the end of July 1609, the Bishop of the Isles, Andrew Knox
(previously parson of Paisley, and first Protestant Bishop of this See) went
to lona as Commissioner for King James VI., among the chief men of the
Isles who submitted themselves to him as the Royal representative were
Macquarrie of Ulva, Mackinnon of that Ilk, and ten others.
Allan Macquarrie of Ulva and many of his followers were slain at the
battle of Inverkeithing in 1651.
Hector, brother of Allan Macquarrie of Ulva, and second son of Donald,
the twelfth chief of the Macquarries, by his wife, a daughter of Lachlan Og
Maclean, founder of the Macleans of Torloisk, obtained from his father the
lands of Ormaig in Ulva, and was the first of the Macquarries of Ormaig.
Lachlan Macquarrie, XVI. of Ulva, was compelled to dispose of his
property, and in 1788 at the age of sixty-three, he entered the army.
When the old 74th Regiment, or Argyle Highlanders, were raised in 1777
by Colonel Campbell of Barbreck, Lachlan Macquarrie obtained a commission
in it, and his name, under date 23rd December 1777, appears among the
captains in the Army List for that year. Twenty-three Campbells were
officers of this regiment, which was disbanded in 1783 ; and after a long
life, too probably of penury, the last of the Macquarries of Ulva died in
1817 without male issue, so his line is extinct.
The name has found its way into France. There in 1865 Laurent. Victor.
Ed. Macquaire was Colonel of the 12th Battalion of Chasseurs a Pied in Algiers.
Macquarrie Island, in the Southern Pacific, discovered in 1811, together
with a harbour, river, and port in Van Diemen's Land, are all named from a
member of this clan, who was highly popular as a Governor of New South
Wales.

MACQUARRIE.

THE MACQUEENS

Badge :— Bocsa (Boxwood) or Lus nan crkimsheag, braoileag (Red Wliortle).

THE Macqueens are of Norse origin from Sweyn, or Swyne, rendered in
Gaelic " MacCuine" or " MacShuibhne." A " Sween MacQueen " signs
the clan Chattan bond of 1609, while in Ireland we have " Suibhne "
for Sweeney. Although latterly regarded as a sept of the clan Chattan they are more
likely to be of clan Ranald origin. In the thirteenth century a family of
MacSweenes held lands in Kintyre, especially Castle Sween. In connection
with this fact it is interesting to note that in the list of those who were
executed at Dunoon in 1646 (see clan Lamont) several Laments are designated
"alias Macqueen," while the MacEwans of Otter (see clan MacEwan) are
descended from a Swene MacEwan.
The name was then spelt Syffyn or Syfyn. In Skye we find the Gaelic
name "MacSuain," taking the form MacSween, MacSwan, and Swan in
English. Although originally but an offshoot of the Hebridean Macqueens, who
owed allegiance to the Lord of the Isles, the Macqueens of Corrybrough, who
settled in Strathdearn may be said to have occupied the position of " head of
the haill name." The Rev. Lachlan Shaw referring to Corrybrough describes
it as "the property of Donald Macqueen, chief of that branch of Clan
Chattan." The Macqueens are known as clan Revan, and the circumstances under
which the Macqueens left the west coast and settled in Strathdearn are stated
to be as follows : Early in the fifteenth century Malcolm Beg Macintosh
(X. of Macintosh) married Mora MacDonald of Moidart, and with the bride
came, as was the custom, several of her kinsmen, who took up their abode
near her new home. Among the followers were Revan-Mac-Mulmor MacAngus,
of whom the clan Revan are descended, and Donald Mac-Gillandrish, of whom
the clan Andrish. Roderick Du Revan Macqueen is said to have fought
under Macintosh at the Battle of Harlaw, 1411.
In the early part of the seventeenth century the Macqueens came well to
the front. Three landholders, Donald Macqueen of Corrybrough ; John Mac
queen of Little Corrybrough ; and Sweyn Macqueen of Raigbeg, are parties to
the Bond of Union among the Clan Chattan, signed at Termit of Petty on the
4th of April 1609.
Donald Macqueen, I. of Corrybrough, died about 1623, and is succeeded
by his nephew Angus. This Angus is one of the signatories to the clan
Chattan Bond of 1664. Donald, his son, succeeded him, and died in 1676,
being succeeded by his son, Donald, who was a Commissioner of Supply for
the County of Inverness 1685-97. On the death of James, son of Donald, in

The Macqueens — continued.
1762, Donald, son of James, succeeded. He was Sheriff-Substitute of
Inverness, and died in 1792. He was succeeded by his son. Captain
Donald Macqueen, VII. of Corrybrough, who died in 1813, and was suc
ceeded by his son Donald, Captain 2nd Madras Cavalry. He was succeeded
by his brother, John Eraser Macqueen, who was called to the English bar
in 1838, and appointed Queen's Counsel and Benches in 1861. He died in
1881. After his death the succession to the chiefship, but not to the estate,
opened to his only surviving brother, Lachlan, a distinguished officer in the
East India Company, who died in 1896. He was succeeded in the chiefship
by his only son Donald, now resident in New Zealand.
Among the leading cadets are the Macqueens of Pollochaig, Clune, and
Strathnoon.

MACQUEEN.

THE CLAN MACRAE

War Cry : — " Sgur Urain " (A mountain in Kintail).
Clan Pipe Mwsic :— Salute— " Failte Loch-Duthaich " ("'Welcome to Loohduich"). Gather
ing— "Blkr na Pkirc" ("Battle of Park"). March— "Spaidsearachd Chlann Mhicrath"
("The MacRaea' March ").
Badge : — Garbhag an t-sl^ibhe (Fir Club Moss).

T^'

^HE most competent authorities agree that the name MacRae (Gaelic
I MacRath) means "Son of Grace," and had in all probability an
ecclesiastical origin. It occurs as a personal or Christian name in
Ireland, and also in Scotland, from the fifth to the thirteenth century. It is
found both as a personal name and as a surname on the Ragman Roll in
1297. It was common as a surname in Galloway, Ayrshire, and the south of
Perthshire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and is still common, with
various forms of spelling — M'Crae, M'Crea, M'Crie, M'Creath, etc. — in the
south-west of Scotland. In the form Magrath it is common also in Ireland.
The home of the Highland Clan MacRae, sometimes called "the Wild
MacRas," was Kintail, in Ross-shire, whither they are said to have migrated
from the Lovat country about the middle of the fourteenth century. There
is no evidence pointing to any connection with their older namesakes in the
south, but they were undoubtedly related to the MacKenzie Barons of
Kintail, whose ablest and most loyal supporters they soon proved, and so
became largely the means of raising the Barony of Kintail, afterwards the
Earldom of Seaforth, to the high position it occupies in the annals of Scottish
history. In addition to the services they rendered as the personal retainers
of the Barons, the MacRaes were Chamberlains of Kintail for many genera
tions, and frequently Vicars of the parish and Constables of Ellandonan
Castle. Their close connection with the affairs of Kintail continued until the
country passed out of the possession of the Seaforth family in the early part
of the nineteenth century.
In 1539 Donald Gorm MacDonald of Sleat, a claimant to the Earldom
of Ross, laid siege to Ellandonan Castle, but was killed by Duncan MacRae,
who, in return for this and other services, received, about 1557, the land of
Inverinate, where some of his lineal descendants lived for about two and a
half centuries. Duncan's grandson, the Rev. Farquhar MacRae (1580-1662),
who was Vicar of Kintail for forty-four years, and sometime Constable of
Ellandonan Castle, was a noted scholar and preacher and a man of mark in
his own generation. He left a large family, and of his numerous descendants
many now occupy positions of trust and honour in all parts of the British
Empire and also in the United States.
One of Mr Farquhar's sons, the Rev. John MacRae (1614-1673) of
Dingwall, who took a prominent part in the ecclesiastical controversies of the
33

The Clan ^IacRae — continued.
time, was progenitor of the MacRaes of Conchra, a family that has been
honourably represented in the British Army for several generations.
About 1690 Duncan MacRae of Inverinate, commonly known as "Donn-
-achadh nam Pios," which means Duncan of the Silver Cups, compiled a
valuable collection of Gaelic poems, mainly religious and political, and
known as the Fernaig MS. Many of the poems are by Duncan himself One
of Duncan's brothers, the Rev. John MacRae, who was the last Episcopalian
minister of Dingwall and died in 1704, left MS. histories both of the MacRaes
and of the MacKenzies.
Many of the MacRaes have served as officers in the army ; and Colonel
Sir John MacRa, K.C.H. (1786-1847), of Ardintoul, had an eventful and
distinguished military career. They have also produced more than one
divine of eminence. The Rev. John MacRae (1794-1876), sometime of
Knockbain, in Ross-shire, was one of the most powerful and most eloquent of
recent Scottish preachers not only in his native Gaelic bui in English as well.
The MacRaes were Jacobites and Episcopalians, and in the wars which
preceded and followed the Revolution of 1688 they suffered much not only
in property but in life and limb as well. Many of the chief men of the clan
were killed at Sheriffmuir in 1715, where, according to a contemporary
writer, they behaved with the greatest credit. Among the MacRaes who
fell on that day were John of Conchra, lamented in a ballad of the time as
one of the "Four Johns of Scotland," and Duncan of Torlysioh whose sword
was picked up on the field of battle and exhibited for many years in the
Tower of London as " The Great Highlander's Sword." Nevertheless, when
the Highland regiments were raised they entered loyally and readily into the
military service of the Hanoverian kings. In the first regiment raised by
Seaforth the MacRaes became very prominent, not because of their numbers,
which were only small, but because they were the ringleaders of a mutiny,
known as "the Affair of the MacRaes," which occurred while the regiment
was stationed in Edinburgh in September 1778. Their grievance was that
the terms on which they enlisted had not been fulfilled, and upon receiving
promises of redress and pardon they returned to their duty. This mutiny
showed once for all that Highland soldiers meant to insist upon being dealt
with in good faith, and henceforth there were fewer complaints among them
about breaches of the conditions of enlistment.
Governor James Macrae (1667? -1744) of Madras, whose career was both
romantic and honourable, was born near Ayr, and probably belonged to an
old Ayrshire family.
One of the most distinguished soldiers in the American Confederate
Army, Brigadier-General William MacRae (1834-1882), was the great grand
son of a Kintail emigrant.
The tragic fate of Miss Jane McCrea, who was killed by an Indian in 1777
during the American War of Independence, occupies a prominent place in
Anglo-American history. Her brother. Major Robert McCrea (1754-1835) of
Guernsey, fought on the Loyalist side in that war, and there are few if any
families that have held a greater number of commissions in the Army and
Navy during the reign of Queen Victoria than his descendants.

II

\A

MACRAE

MACRAE (HUNTING)

fcpT'TTjrsSE

MACRAE OF CONCHRA
(SHERIFFMUIR TARTAN).

THIS tartan has been in the possession of the family of MacRae of
Conchra since the time of the Jacobite Rising in 1715.
When John MacRae of Conchra and Lochalsh was on his way from
Kintail to take part in the campaign which ended so disastrously, especially
for the Clan MacRae, at the Battle of Sheriffmuir, 13th November 1715, where
he and most of his name were slain, fighting, as is recorded, most gallantly in
defence of the Seaforth banner, some of his followers having worn out their
stockings, the occupants of a shieling in which they lodged spent the night
cutting out hose from a web of cloth which they had in the place.
A piece of this web was in the possession of Miss Flora MacRae of
Ardintoul from which she knitted a pair of hose, when a girl, at the end of
the eighteenth century, which are still in the possession of the Conchra
family.

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MACRAE, CONCHRA
(Sheriffmuir Tartan)

MACRAE, CONCHRA (Red)

THE MACTAGGARTS

THIS is one of the Gaelic surnames which is of ecclesiastical origin (see
the Clergy). The Gaelic name for a priest is " sagart,'' and " Mac-an-
t-sagairt," son of the priest, appears in English as Mactaggart, taking
the place of the old surname of M'Priest. There was a M'Priest a burgess
of Perth in 1618.
Celibacy on the part of the clergy was finally made the law of the Church
in the first half of the twelfth century.
It has been asserted that the Mactaggarts are a sept of the clan Ross,
because the first of the first line of Earls of Ross was called Ferchard
M'Intaggart (Machentagar, 1215). In Galloway too, we have near Loch-
maben in 1459 " Donald M'Kintaggart," and the surname still flourishes in
southern Scotland, as it does in Argyllshire.

MACTAGGART.

THE MACTAVISHES

FROM the Scriptural name Thomas we have the surnames Thomson,
Thompson, Thomason, and McCombie, which is from M'Tommie —
son of little Thomas, as well as M'Omish (" MacTh6mais "). From the
Scotch form Tammas we have " MacThamais " or MacTavish. In Perthshire as
early as 1488 Donald M'Cause gets lands near Killin, where he dies in 1491 a
Donald M'Cawis. This is the modern Mactavish.
In Argyllshire, where the Mactavishes are numerous, they claim to be a
sept of the clan Campbell, descended from a natural son of " Cailean Maol
Maith," i.e.. Bald Good Colin, the third Campbell, called "Tans Coir," " who
was a man of great valour and courage ; he took most part of Cowall from the
Laments, and from him are descended clan Tavish Campbell, such as the
house of Lenaohs, Nether Rudle, Dunardary, Auchachoish, etc." (M.S.,
History of the House of Argyll).
Many of the Argyllshire Mactavishes now make Thompsons of themselves.
It is interesting to know that the Mackenzies of Finegand in Glenshee,
Perthshire, known as "Sliochd Thomais Mhic Coinnich," were known as
McComais or McThomas. A search in the records shows that within a year
or two of 1600, Mackenzies, alias M'Comais were occupying the lands of
Cuthill, Spittal, Schannell, and Stronaloyne of Dalmunzie, marrying into
the family of Macintosh there. The M'Comish or MacOmish families of
Perthshire became to be regarded as a sept of Clan Chattan, and the
Mactavish tartan has much more resemblance to the tartans of the various
septs of the Clan Chattan than to those of the Campbells.
The surnames MacLehose and MacLaws are regarded as corrupted forms
of "Mac Gille Thamais," — son of the "gille," or servant, of Tamas.

MACTAVISH.

Lv..iiijiiMi

THE MALCOLMS

ACCORDING to tradition, this family settled at a very early period in
Argyleshire (see MacCallums) ; yet in Robertson's Index we find a
charter from David II. (1330-70) "to Nicoll Malcolme of ane
tenement in Stirling;" and from Robert II. (1370-90) two charters, one to
Murthac, son of Malcolm, of the half lands of Leckie, lying near Buchanan, in
Stirlingshire, resigned by Malcolm, his father ; and another to the said
Murthac, son of Malcolm, of two-fourth parts of the land called Racheon
and Agrenmoneyth, in the Lennox, with the office of serjeandry in the shire
of Dumbarton, on the resignation of Malcolm, his father.
Sir Archibald and Sir Colin Campbell (father and son) were according to
the Douglas Peerage, Lords of Lochow between 1340 and about 1442 ; yet in
Burke's Landed Gentry it is stated that in 1414 Sir D. Campbell of Lochow
granted to Reginald Malcolm of Carbarron certain lands in Craignish on the
shore of Lake Avich (a fresh-water lake in Nether Lorn), with the Hereditary
Captaincy of his Castles of Lochaffy and Craignish.
He died in 1446, and was succeeded by his son John, who was confirmed
in these in 1448.
" This family," continues the same writer, who is usually most acute and
correct, "which seems soon after to have declined, appears to have been a
branch of that of Poltalloch, from the circumstance that the farm of Carbarron,
then the only remaining portion of their possessions, is said to have been
bequeathed by the last of this race to Zachary (Malcolm), the then proprietor
of Poltalloch, as representative of the elder branch of his house."
Donald, son of Archibald, son of Malcolm, called " Donald McGillespie vie
o' Challum," was seized in the lands of Poltalloch on the 18th of May 1562^
and was the lineal ancestor of Neil Malcolm of Poltalloch, who succeeded his
cousin Dugald of Poltalloch in 1787. He died in 1802, and was succeeded by
his son, Neil Malcolm of Poltalloch.
In the Parliament of 1650 John Malcolm of Balbedie, head of another
branch of the clan, was one of seven gentlemen who were ordained to provide
meal for the Scottish army against Cromwell, who was then at Linlithgow, and
in 1665 he was created a Baronet of Nova Scotia, or Scotland, by Charles II.
In the Parliament of 1678 he was a commissioner for the shire of Fife, in
levying of £8,100,000 (Scots) for the use of the King. Others of the name
appear in the Parliamentary Records at that time; viz., Sir John Malcolm of
Invertick ; Sir John Malcolm of Inverteb ; and two others, the Lairds of Lochar
and Nethhill.
The Baronets of Balbedie were afterwards of Lochow.
Sir John Malcolm succeeded to the Baronetcy in 1795 on the death of his
distant relation. Sir Michael Malcolm. His son. Sir Michael, married in 1824
Miss Forbes of Bridgend, and had three sons, the eldest of whom became Sir
John Malcolm of Balbedie and Lochow.
34

The Malcolms — -continued.
Three members at least of this clan have attained to distinction in recent
times. The first of these, John Malcolm, a pleasing and accomplished poet, was
a son of the minister of Firth and Stenness in Orkney, where he was born
about 1795. Failing to obtain a commission in the army, he joined our
troops in Spain as a gentleman volunteer, under General Graham (of
Lynedoch), then besieging San Sebastian, and for his gallantry received an
Ensigncy in the Black Watch, with which he served throughout the war.
A ball in the right shoulder at Toulouse, and the debility, consequent
thereto, caused him to retire on half-pay, and he first became known to
the public by some exquisite verses he produced on the death of Byron,
and other pieces in Constable's Magazine. His Reminiscences of the Cam
paign 0/1814 was so ably written that many extracts from it were inserted
in the War Office Records of the 4:2nd Highlanders. In 1828 he published
Scenes of the War and Tales of Field and Flood. He succeeded his friend
Lieutenant Sutherland, author of The Knights of Malta, etc., as Editor of the
Edinburgh Observer, and died there in 1835 in his fortieth year.
General Sir John Malcolm, a distinguished soldier and diplomatist, was
born at Burnfoot, Dumfriesshire, his father's farmhouse. One of seventeen
children, he joined the East India Company's Service as a Cadet ; served as a
Captain at Seringapatam ; and when Colonel, was our Ambassador in Persia.
After a long and splendid career, he died in 1833, but won a monument in
Westminster, and also an obelisk 100 feet high in his native village.
Admiral Sir Pulteney Malcolm, elder brother of the preceding, distin
guished himself in many brilliant engagements and in many posts of
importance ; latterly as Commander-in-Chief of the St. Helena Station,
where he won the regard of Napoleon, and died a K.C.B. in 1838.
The progress in life of the sons of the humble farmer, Robert Malcolm of
Burnfoot, was remarkable. Robert, the eldest, was high in the Civil Service
of H.E.I. Company; while James, Pulteney, and John, were all Knights
Commanders of the Bath for distinguished services. The younger sons were
Gilbert, rector of Tottenham ; David, head of a commercial house in India ;
and Captain Sir Charles Malcolm, R.N.
John Wingfield Malcolm of Poltalloch was created Lord Malcolm in 1896,
and died in 1902, and was succeeded in the estate by his brother Col. Edward
Donald Malcolm, R.E., C.B.
The oldest set of tartan will be found under MacCallum, which see.

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MALCOLM.

THE CLAN MATHESON

War Cry; — " Achadh-da-thearnaidh " ("Field of the Two Declivities'

THE Ross portion of North Argyll was in the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries tribally in the possession of the Mathesons (Lochalsh),
Mackenzies (Kintail), Clan Gillanders or Rosses (Gairloch), and Mac
Nicols or Nicolsons (Lochbroom), while the Church held the "Comraich" or
Appleoross. The " toiseachs," or chiefs of these clans, held their lands from
the Earl of Ross. Of these, practically only the Mackenzies escaped intact
the " tutelage " of the Earl of Ross, when that Earldom came to an end in
the latter part of the fifteenth century (1462-95). The Matheson chief, who
appears on record in 1427 as one of the Earl of Ross's thanes and leader of
2000 men, has to give place shortly after to that Earl's eldest "carnal" son,
Celestine of the Isles, whom we find as Lord of Lochalsh in 1449. Celestine,
instead of advancing the native " toiseach," gave half of Lochalsh to Cameron
of Lochiel, and in 1518 Lochalsh, now held direct from the Crown, belonged
to Lochiel and the two husbands of Celestine's grand-daughters. Glengarry
and Kildun ; the Mathesons were entirely extruded from any charter holdings.
The name Matheson is English in form ; indeed, it applied to the Low
land and English Mathewsons originally, and common spellings of it were
Mathieson and Matthison, derived from Mathew^ But the Highland clan
was called in Gaelic " Mac-mhathan " or " Mac-mhaghan " — Son of the Bear
(" mathghamhain ") — a common name in old Gaelic times, and equally a
favourite with the Norse as Bjorn or Bjarni. The Irish form is Macmahon.
The Mathesons appear in history earlier than their neighbours of Kintail.
Kermac Macmaghan assisted the Earl of Ross in 1262-63 against the Norse,
especially in Skye, and his name appears as above in the Exchequer Rolls,
and as Kjarnakr Makamls — i.e., Mahamal — in the Sagas. The name meant
is Cormac Mac-mathan. The pedigree MS. of 1467 gives the son of the
eponymus Mathan as Coinneach, who must have been Cormac's brother.
The chiefs from 1263 to 1400 run, according to this MS., thus: Mathan,
father of Kenneth, father of Murdoch, father of Duncan, father of Murdoch,
father of Murdoch. This Murdoch might have been the Makmakan of Bower,
the chief in 1427, who is named, however, in the traditions as Alexander,
a name supported by Sir James Balfour's Alexander Macmurkine for the
same personage. The traditions are vitiated by confusing him with another
personage — Alexander Makreury or M'Rory, who was executed. The next
Matheson chief, regarded as such, of whom any credible record is handed
down, was John Du Matheson, Constable of Ellan-Donnan Castle, when in
1539 Donald Gorm of Sleat invaded Ross, and was slain at the Castle by its
heroic garrison of three. John Du fell in the fight. John was father of
Dugall Roy, who was father of Murdoch Buidhe (circ. 1580), a real personage,
whose name occurs in the Glengarry-Kintail feuds (1580-1602). All the

The Clan Matheson — continued.
Matheson genealogies of the present day converge in Murdoch Buidhe, ten
generations back (in most cases) from the present day.
Murdoch Buidhe had two sons — Roderick of Fernaig and Dugall of Bal-
macarra. Chamberlain of Lochalsh (1631). The former had an only son,
John, who was father of John Mor of Fernaig, a man famous in his day, who
made money in cattle droving. He became proprietor in 1688 of Bennetsfield,
in the Black Isle, where he made his headquarters. His son was Alexander,
called first of Bennetsfield; his son, John, fought at Culloden; Colin suc
ceeded his father, the Culloden hero, and had a large family. Dying in
1825, he was succeeded by his son. Captain John, or "Jack," the clan
historian, John of Bennetsfield died without issue in 1843, leaving the
estates embarrassed. His successors were his nephew and his nephew's son,
who died in 1899, leaving the barren chiefship of the Clan Matheson to his
cousin, Heylin Eraser Matheson, son of Rev. Charles Matheson, son of Charles
Mackenzie Matheson, third son of Colin of Bennetsfield. Mr Matheson is an
Oxford man, and is at present Housemaster of Eastbourne College.
Sir Kenneth Matheson is descended from Dugall Matheson of Balmacarra,
second son of Murdoch Buidhe and Chamberlain of Lochalsh. His son,
Murdoch of Balmacarra, appears on the county Valuation Roll of 1644.
Murdoch's twin brother, John Og, had as third son Farquhar, who
succeeded John Mor in Fernaig (1687), amassed money in the cattle trade,
and held several wadsets and properties. His son, John, is called first of
Attadal (1730); his son, Donald, left no heir, and was succeeded by his
brother, Alexander, who died in 1804. His son, John, had to part with the
estates, which had become embarrassed. He married Margaret, daughter of
Captain Matheson of Shinness, head of the Sutherland branch, and had a
large family. Alexander, the eldest son, entered into the India and China
trade along with his uncle (Sir) James Matheson, and both amassed great
fortunes. Alexander bought Lochalsh, the old family patrimony or duchvs,
and several other estates. He was created Baronet in 1882, and died in
1886. His son. Sir Kenneth, now represents the family.
A strong sept of Mathesons existed in Sutherland, east of the "Cat"
range, from 1492 downwards. They are no doubt a sept of the Lochalsh
family, as tradition holds. The chief family had its seat at Shinness, and we
know from Sir Robert Gordon how a Highland chief may have been created.
In 1616, to weaken the power of the Mackay septs, he caused the Mathesons
to elect as their chief "John Mack-ean-Mac-Konald-Wain, in Chineues"—
John, son of John, son of Donald Bane. Who preceded Donald Bane is
unknown, and it is practically unknown who succeeded John of 1616, till
we find Neil Matheson, son of Donald, head of the Shinness family in Jacobite
days. Neil's son, Duncan had a son, Donald, who married Catherine
Mackay, a scion of both the Reay and Lovat families. The second son of
the marriage was the late Sir James Sutherland Matheson of the Lews (1796-
1887), famed for his wealth and philanthrophy. The eldest brother, Duncan,
was an advocate, whose two eldest sons, Donald and Hugh, were famous
traders and merchants. Donald succeeded to the property of his uncle. Sir
James, and the present representative is Major Duncan Matheson, his son.

MATHESON.

MATHESON (HUNTING).

MAXWELL

SIR JOHN MAXWELL, Chamberiain of Scotland, died without issue,
1241, and was succeeded by his brother. Sir Aymer, who, with other
children, had two sons, named Herbert and John. Sir Herbert's
descendant in the seventh degree, also named Herbert, was created Lord
Maxwell, and, dying, left two sons, Robert, second Lord, and Sir Edward;
from the latter come the Maxwells of Monreith, created Baronets 1681, and
now represented by Sir Herbert Eustace Maxwell, seventh Baronet of Mon
reith. Robert, second Lord Maxwell, was succeeded by his son, John, third
Lord, who fell at Flodden, 1513; and he by his son, Robert, fourth Lord.
This nobleman had two sons, Robert, fifth Lord, and Sir John, who became
Lord Herries of Terregles, in right of his wife, Agnes, Lady Herries. Robert,
fifth Lord Maxwell, was succeeded by his son, John, sixth Lord. He obtained
the Earldom of Morton on the execution of the Regent, but was afterwards
deprived of it. He was killed in an engagement with the Johnstons, 1593.
His son, John, seventh Lord, killed Sir James Johnston of that Ilk, 1608,
and was executed, 1613, being succeeded by his brother, Robert, eighth Lord,
who was created Earl of Nithsdale. His son, Robert, second Earl, dying
unmarried, 1667, the Earldom reverted to his cousin, John, fourth Lord
Herries, great-grandson of Sir John, first Lord Herries, mentioned above.
John, fourth Lord and third Earl, was succeeded by his son, Robert, fourth
Earl, and he by his son, William, fifth Earl. This nobleman was out in
1715, but being taken prisoner at Preston, was found guilty of high treason,
and sentenced to death. He escaped from the Tower by the devotion of his
wife (Lady Winifred Herbert, daughter of the first Marquis of Powis), who,
dressing her husband in female attire, remained in prison, allowing him to
leave in her stead. The Earl died in Rome, 1744, leaving a son, William,
who left an only daughter, Winifred, who married William Haggerston Con
stable. Their grandson proved his claim to the barony of Herries, and
dying, 1876, was succeeded by his son, Marmaduke, the present Lord Herries.
A brother of the present peer married Mary Monica Hope Scott of Abbotsford,
great-granddaughter of Sir Walter Scott.
We now return to Sir John Maxwell, second son of Sir Aymer, mentioned
at the beginning of this article. Sir John's great-grandson. Sir John of
Pollok, had two sons. Sir John and Sir Robert. From the younger come the
Maxwells, Baronets of Cardoness, and the Maxwells, Barons and Earls of
Farnham. From the elder son come the Maxwells, Baronets of Pollok, whose
direct male line ended in 1865, on the death of Sir John, eighth Baronet.
He was succeeded by his sister, who married Archibald Stirling of Keir ;
and their grandson is now Sir John Maxwell Stirling Maxwell of Pollok. The
Maxwells, Baronets of Springkell, are a junior branch, but now heirs male,
of the Maxwells of Pollok.

MAXWELL

THE CLAN OF MENZIES

War Cry :— " Geal is Dearg a suas " ("Up with the White and Red ").
Clan Pipe Music :— March— "Piobaireachd a' Mhiinnearaich " ("Menzies' March ").
Salute— "Failte nam Miiinnearach " ("The Menzies' Salute").
Badge : — Uinnsean (Mountain Ash).

THE chiefs of this clan are not of original Celtic descent, though the
clan itself is descended from a Gaelic-speaking race, according to
Robertson. The name Menzies, or Mengues (as it was originally
spelt), was among the first names, according to Scottish antiquaries, adopted
in Scotland in the reign of Malcolm III., when these designations were intro
duced into the kingdom.
In the time of Robert L (1306-30), Alexander Menzies resigned the lands
of Dorisdeir, in Nithsdale, which the victor of Bannockburn granted to James,
brother of Walter, the Lord High Steward. The same King granted charters
to Thomas Menzies, Knight, of the lands of Unwyn (Oyne?) in the Garioch,
and other lands of Fothergill, in Athole. Also two charters to Alexander
Menzies of the Barony of Glendochyre, and the darach land of Finlargis
(Finlarig?). David II. (1330-70) granted a charter to Richard Menzies of an annual,
furth of Newabie, in the shire of Peebles ; and in his reign William Menzies
was Keeper of the Royal Forest of Alythe, in Kincardineshire. In the same
reign Robert, son of Duncan, Earl of Athole, granted a charter to Alexander
Menzies of Fothergill, " upon the marriage of Jean, daughter to said Robert,
one of the heirs of Glenesk." King David granted a charter to Robert
Menzies, Knight, of the Barony of Enaohe, which Robert's father had resigned
to Robert, the Great Steward, for a new infeftment. Under the same reign
we find Thomas Menzies proprietor of the lands of West and North Cultnachy,
and several others in the shire of Kinross. At the same time Alexander
Menzies held the lands of Reidhall, in Perthshire.
Sir Robert of Mengues, Knight, who inherited the estates of his father,
John de Mengues, in 1487, obtained from the Crown, in consequence of the
destruction of his mansion house by fire, a grant of the whole of his lands and
estate, erected into a free barony under the title of the Barony of Menzies.
From him the Baronets of that name are lineally descended.
In 1579 caution in £1000 was found by James Menzies of that Ilk for
Alexander Jardine of Applegarth, that he will remain in Edinburgh " ay and
quhill he be fred be the Kinge's Majestic."
In 1578 Edward Menzies, lately "Chaplane of the Paryss Kirk of
Aberdeen," died on the 20th February.
In 1586 we find "Barbara Stewart, Ladye Weyme, relict of Umquhile
James Menzies of that Ilk," binding herself to be faithful to George, Earl

The Clan op Menzies — continued.
of Huntlie, during the ward and nonentry of her son Alexander, signed at
Menzies, in presence of Menzies of Snype, Patrick, son of Menzies of Morinche,
and others of the clan (Gordon Papers, Spald. Club).
A year or two before this time we find two of the gentlemen of the King's
Guard, Menzies of Quhite Kirk and Menzies of Culterhallis, for themselves
and others on the muster roll, prosecuting the Earl of Montrose, Collector-
General, for failing to make them proper payments for their services.
In 1633 another gentleman of the clan, Robert Menzies of Kinmundie,
Provost of Aberdeen, was knighted at Holyrood by Charles I. after his
coronation. The Provost was also Commissioner for the City in the
Parliament of that year.
In 1650 and 1651 a Lieutenant-Colonel Menzies, who captured the
Marquis of Huntly, was Commissioner of Fines ; and though in the service
of the Estates, he was accused of obstructing the levy of troops in the Isles,
and so plundering the lands of Seaforth, that the Earl was unable to march
his regiment from Kintail. Various branches of the clan appear in the
Parliamentary Acts of Charles II., among them the Lairds of Castlehill,
Combrie, Enoch, Pitfoddels, and others.
In 1738 Menzies of Culdares brought in his portmanteau from the Tyrol
seven little saplings of the first larches ever seen in Scotland, which he
planted in that year, and two, that are now in the Dunkeld grounds of
the Duke of Athole, are the most gigantic specimens of the kind in the
country. In 1745 the Lord President estimated the fighting force of the clan, whose
chief, he says, is called in Gaelic " Menairich," at 300 men ; but they were
not "out" with the Prince, though Colonel Menzies of Shian was, and had a
small regiment under his standard.
An old branch of the clan were the Menzies of Pitfoddels. Thomas
Menzies of Pitfoddels was Provost of Aberdeen in 1551, and held that office
till his decease in 1576, and was succeeded by his son, Gilbert of Pitfoddels,
which he also held till his decease in 1588, and was succeeded in office by
Thomas Menzies of Dume (Spald. Club, III). In the wars of Montrose the
then Laird of Pitfoddels adhered to him and the King's cause with steady
loyalty and great valour. At the battle of Invercarron, where the Marquis
was finally defeated in 1650, "young Menzies of Pitfoddels, who carried the
Royal Standard, with Major Guthry, were killed close by him " (Hist, of the
Troubles, folio). This line became extinct about forty years ago.
Alexander Menzies, of Castle Menzies and that Ilk, son of Duncan (by
Jean Leslie, only daughter of the Master of Rothes), was created a Baronet
of Nova Scotia in 1665. He married Agnes, daughter of Sir John Campbell
of Glenorchy (father of the first Earl of Breadalbane), by whom he had a
son, Robert, who predeceased him; but by his wife, Anna, daughter of
Walter, Lord Torphichen, he left a daughter, married to Menzies of Cul-
trallers, and Alexander, who became the second Baronet of that Ilk. He
married his cousin, Christian, daughter of Lord Neil Campbell, and had
(with a daughter married to Macintosh of that Ilk), a son, Robert, who
became third Baronet ; and as the family is still in existence, his descend
ants are to be found traced in any Baronetage.

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MENZIES (Black and White)

THE CLAN MENZIES
(HUNTING)

Badge : — Caorunn (Eowan Tree or Mountain Ash).

THE war cry of this clan from early times has been " Geal is Dearg a
suas" ("Up with the Red and White"), and this has been held to
refer to the tartan, but, from the fact that other hues are found in
old specimens, it is at least probable that both phrase and design may be
traced to the heraldic shield of the chief, rather than to the hunting tartan
of the clan, which shows simply a substitution of green for red in the ground,
and red for white in the stripes. Attention has been called to the fact that
the pattern of the Menzies tartan signed and sealed by the chief of that day,
in the collection formed by the Highland Society in London in 1816-17, is an
arrangement of red, green, blue and white. It has also to be noted that the
use of the red and white Menzies tartan for hose was common in the
Highlands, as may be verified by several ancient paintings.

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MENZIES (HUNTING).

THE MIDDLETONS

THE title of Earl of Middleton in the Peerage of Scotland is now extinct.
It was conferred in 1660 on John Middleton, the eldest son of John
Middleton of Caldhame, Kincardineshire, who was killed sitting in his
chair by Montrose's soldiers in 1645. He was a descendant of Malcolm, the
son of Kenneth, who got a charter from William the Lion of the lands of
Middleton in that county, confirming a donation of King Duncan of the same,
and in consequence assumed the name.
The first Earl was from his youth bred to arms. He took part in the civil
wars of France in 1642. He afterwards returned to Scotland and got a
command in General Leslie's army. At the Battle of Philiphaugh in 1645,
he contributed so much to the defeat of Montrose that the Estates voted him
a gift of 25,000 merks. When Montrose soon after sat down before
Inverness, General Middleton with a small brigade was detached from
General Leslie's army and sent north to watch his motions. This he did
most successfully, following him into the wilds of Ross-shire. When
Montrose received orders from the King to disband his forces, Middleton
was intrusted with ample powers to negotiate with him. A conference was
held in 1646, on a meadow, near the river Islay, in Angus. The following
year Middleton was busily engaged. He behaved with great gallantry at
Preston, in England, but his horse was shot under him and he was taken
prisoner, and sent to Newcastle. He escaped, and when Charles II. in 1650
arrived in Scotland, General Middleton immediately repaired to him. He
commanded the horse in the royal army that marched into England on 31st
July 1651, and at the Battle of Worcester, 3rd September, the chief resistance
was made by him. He charged the enemy so vigorously that he forced them
to recoil ; but being severely wounded he was taken prisoner after the battle,
and sent to the Tower of London. He made his escape and retired to France,
and joined Charles II. at Paris.
At the Restoration, he accompanied King Charles II. to England ; and
was created Earl of Middleton and Lord Clermont and Fettercaim, by patent
dated 1st October 1660, to him and his heirs male, having the name and arms
of Middleton. He was also appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in
Scotland, Governor of Edinburgh Castle, and Lord High Commissioner to the
Scots Parliament. On the rising of Parliament, Middleton hastened to
London to lay an account of its proceedings before the King. On his arrival
at Court, he assured His Majesty and the Scottish Privy Council in London
that the majority of the Scottish nation desired the establishment of episco
pacy, and it was accordingly agreed that " as the government of the state was
monarchy, so that of the church should be prelacy." He was again appointed
Lord High Commissioner to the Scots Parliament, which met in May 1662.
He abused his position and power, and met with considerable opposition. His

MIDDLETON.

MONTGOMERIE

ROGER DE MONTGOMERY, called the Great, was father of another
Roger, born about 1030. This second Roger was joint Regent
of Normandy when William the Conqueror invaded England
in 1066. He came to England the following year and was made Earl of
Arundel; he was later made Earl of Shropshire or Shrewsbury, and the
county of Montgomery is named after him. He died 1094. His eldest
son, the second Earl, was killed 1098, and was succeeded by his brother
Robert, third Earl, who is supposed to have died in prison.
The first of the family in Scotland was Robert de Montgomerie, who died
about 1177, and his descendant married the heiress of Sir Hugh de Eglintoun.
The grandson of this marriage. Sir Alexander, was created Lord Montgomerie
1489. He had two sons (1) Alexander, (2) George, ancestor of the Mont-
gomeries of Skelmorlie.
The elder son, Alexander, died in his father's lifetime, leaving Alexander,
second Lord, and Robert, from whom is said to descend the Earls of Mount
Alexander in Ireland. The second Lord Montgomerie was father of Hugh,
who was created Earl of Eglinton in 1 508, who was succeeded by his grandson
Hugh, second Earl, who, dying in 1546, left a son Hugh, third Earl, who was
father of the fourth Earl, and of a daughter Margaret, who married Robert
Seton, first Earl of Wintoun. Hugh, the fourth Earl, was shot 1586, and his
son Hugh, the fifth Earl, died without issue in 1612. The Earldom of
Eglinton then devolved on Alexander Seton, son of the above-mentioned
Margaret Montgomerie, and he took his mother's name.
The thirteenth Earl, paternally a Seton, held the celebrated tournament
at Eglinton Castle in 1839.
Robert Montgomery, younger brother of the first Lord Montgomerie, was
living 1414; his descendant was Sir James Montgomery, created a Baronet
1801, whose great-grandson is Sir Basil Montgomery, fifth Baronet of
Stanhope.

MONTGOMERIE.

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MONTGOMERIE (OLD)

THE CLAN MORRISON

War Cry : — Dun Eistein.
Badge: — Sgind (Drift-wood).

THE Morrisons as a Highland clan belong to Lewis and the adjoining main
land of north-west Scotland. The Morrisons of Perth and Lennox
formed no clan, and the name in Gaelic is different. The latter is from
Maurice, Gaelic Moiris, a personal name common in the genealogies of the
Lennox families, and appearing in the eleventh century as M'Moreis,
M'Voreis(t), and still existent as M'Orist (Perth). The clan Morrison derive
their name from an adaptation of Gaelic MacGille-»iAotV« or M'Gilmor, Gille-
mhoire meaning " devotee of St. Mary." For similar adaptations compare
the "English" form Livingstone for Mac-Zeay or Mac-Dhun-Shleibhe(M'An-ZaVe)
and Brown for M'Brayne or Mac'Bhriu'in, son of the "brehon" or judge.
John Morisone, "indweller" of Lewis, writing about 1680, records that the
first inhabitants of Lewis were then men of three races — Mores, son of
Kennanus Makurich, son of a King of Norway ; Iskair MacAulay, an Irishman
(Issachar or Zachary M'A.) ; and MacNicol, whose only daughter married
Claudius son of Olave, King of Norway. This, it will be seen, accounts for
the three original clans of Lewis — M'Leods, M'Aulays, and Morrisons. The
M'Leods were undoubtedly of Norse origin, but the father of the eponymous
Leod, who lived about 1266, when the Isles were ceded to Scotland, was
named Gillemure, and his grandfather was Olvir "nan lann " of the bards,
whose father again is given as Gillemure. The Morrisons and M'Leods are
evidently of the same stock and family tree. The English form Morrison
goes as far back as the sixteenth century.
The first recorded Morrison is Hugh or Hucheon (G. Uisdean) the Brieve,
contemporary of practically the last M'Leod of Lewis, Roderick M'Leod, chief
from about 1532 to 1595. The Brieve held the hereditary office of deemster,
judge or "lawman," as the Norse called them — for the institution was
Norse — defined by Sir Robert Gordon thus : " The Brieve is a kind of Judge
amongst the islanders, who hath an absolute judicatorie, unto whose authoritie
aud censure they willinglie submitt themselves.'' The Lords of the Isles,
according to the seanachies, had a brieve in every island and a chief judge in
Islay. Brieve Hugh is "required" along with Rory M'Leod in 1551 by the
Government for harbouring rebels. Rory had some years before divorced his
first wife (a daughter of Kintail) and maintained that her son Torquil
Conanach was really the son of Brieve Hugh. Anyway the Morrisons sided
with Torquil in his claims, and, next to the M'Leods themselves, were the
leading fomenters of disturbance in the unhappy period that Lewis underwent
from 1570 to 1610. John Morrison, son of Hugh and also Brieve, in 1597
betrayed Torquil Dubh, Rory's acknowledged heir, to Torquil Conanach, who

The Clan Morrison — continued.
had him beheaded. The Morrisons had then to bear the brunt of the
vengeance of the iI'Leods, a.nd took refuge in Dun Eistein. Neill M'Leod,
the "tutor" of Lewis, had twelve Morrison heads to present to the Government
when he was reconciled to the state in 1600. The Morrisons had to take
refuge with their kinsmen in Durness and Edderachilis, where John, the
Brieve, and six others were surprised and slain in the vendetta that raged
all over the M'Leod country. When the Mackenzies acquired Lewis in 1610,
the Morrisons as supporters of Torquil Conanach, a half Mackenzie, had peace
and the exiles returned. During the rest of the seventeenth century there
were no clan feuds, and the Morrisons became largely prominent as churchmen.
In Barvas four Morrisons, ministers, succeeded each other (1644-1767), all
descended from the Brieve. In Martin's time (1690) Lewis formed only two
parishes, Stornoway and Barvas, and the ministers of both were brothers —
Kenneth and Donald — great grandsons of the Brieve John (Captain Thomas
says grandsons). Rev. Kenneth Morrison was an ancestor of Lord Macaulay,
through his daughter Margaret, who married Rev. Aulay M'Aulay of Harris,
whose son Rev. John, was father of Zachary, who was father of Lord Macaulay.
John of Bragar, grandson of Brieve John, was famous as a wit, poet and
seanachie, to whom Martin owed much of his Lewis lore. Three of his sons
were in the church, and the eldest was Rory Dall, the famous clarsair and
poet. The Harris branch of the family produced a succession of noted
armourers and smiths, one of whom John Morrison (1790-1852) is known as
the " Songsmith of Harris,'' a writer of hymns and other religious poetry.
1 His works are edited in two volumes by Rev. Dr. Henderson. The Morrisons
are still an important clan in the Hebrides and in the north-western mainland
of Scotland. Donald Morrison of Skinidin, Skye, married, before 1697, a daughter of
John " Breac " MacLeod of MacLeod. The most noted of this Skinidin family
was Captain Alexander Morrison, who assisted " Ossian " Macpherson in his
Gaelic and English labours, and to whom is due the Gaelic of the "Address
to the Sun " in Carricthura. He figured largely in the Ossianic controversy,
and was noted in his day as an enthusiast in getting up exhibitions of High
land industries and the like. This Skye family is still well represented.
Mr Charles Morrison of Islay is descended from a Sutherlandshire family
of the Clan Morrison. His son, Mr Hugh Morrison, is married to a daughter
of the late Earl Granville and a granddaughter of the late W. F. Campbell
of Shawfield and Islay, the father of the late J. F. Campbell of the West
Highland Tales.

MORRISON.

THE MOWATS

IT is generally understood that the Mowats, or Mowatts, settled in Scotland
in the reign of David I. They are understood to be of Norman descent,
the original form of the surname being Monhault, or Montealt, invariably
Latinised into Monto Alio, the High Mount. They are found in the twelfth
century in the north of Scotland as well as in Orkney and Shetland. Sir
William of Montealt obtained from King William the Lion (1165-1214) the
lordship of Feme in Forfarshire, of which Eustace de Montealto was sheriff
in 1263 ; while in 1214 Richard de Montealto, justiciary of Scotland, witnessed
a confirmation of Alexander II. In 1289 William de Mowat subscribed to the
Scottish letter of Brigham, and he seems to be the William de Monte Alto,
Knight, who submitted to Edward I. in 1296. Mowat is the earliest Scottish
surname associated in history with the islands of Orkney and Shetland.
Patrick Mowat in 1312, a Scot, was seized by the Orcadians, and held to
ransom. Robert Bruce granted a charter of Freswick in Caithness to a
Mowat of the principal family of Bucholly in Aberdeenshire. This family
had also lands in Shetland. Indeed, any inquiry into their history is
complicated by the fact that they had two estates called Balquholly — one in
Aberdeenshire and one in Caithness, near Freswick, where they were settled
as early as 1406, and it is not clear whether the same laird held both at the
same time, or whether the estates were held by different branches of the
family. James Mowat of Balquholly married a daughter of the Laird of
Gight. They had a daughter, Margaret, who married the Hon. William
Sinclair, second son of George, fourth Earl of Caithness. They had issue,
Patrick Sinclair, who died a bachelor, and left his means to his brother, Rev.
John Sinclair, who was the ancestor of Sir John Sinclair, the compiler of the
Statistical Account of Scotland (1791-99), who was made a baronet in 1786.
He was the grandfather of the present baronet, and of the Archdeacon of
London. Patrick Mowat of Balquholly and Freswick married Christian, daughter
of Walter Ogilvie of Boyne. He and his wife had a charter from his father
of Meikle Colt and others in the Barony of Balquholly in 1559. He was
served heir of his father in 1665. Magnus Mowat of Balquholly sold Freswick
in 1661 to William Sinclair of Rattar.
John Mowat, the last of Balquholly, sold the lands about 1720 to
Alexander Duff of Halton. He died in 1736.
Sir Francis Mowatt (bom 1837), permanent Secretary to the Treasury
since 1894, and Sir Oliver Mowat, the Canadian Statesman, claim to be
descended from the Mowats of Balquholly.

MOWAT.

THE CLAN MUNRO

War Cry:— "Caisteal Fblais 'n a theine" ("Castle Foulis ablaze"). (Referring probably
to beacon or signal lights. )
Clan Pipe Music :— Pibroch— "Bealach na br6ige." Salute— " FMlte nan
Eothach " ("The Munros' Salute ").
Badge : — Garbhag nan Gleann (Common Club Moss).

THE name Munro is very difficult to unravel ; it is a place-name, since-
the first chiefs in the fourteenth century are called de Munro. In
Gaelic they are called Clan Rothaich. Their possessions were on the
north side of the Firth of Cromarty, and the title of their chief is and was
Munro of Foulis. According to Burke, Hugh Monro, first designated of
Foulis, died in 1126. George Munro of Foulis is said to have got a charter
from the Earl of Sutherland in the reign of Alexander II. (1214-49).
Robert Munro in 1 309 got a charter from Robert I. for lands in Strath
spey and the lands of Cupermakcultis. The Munroes held their lands of, and
were followers of, the ancient Earls of Ross. The first assured chief by charter
evidence is Robert de Monro (1341-72).
In 1333, according to Sir Robert Gordon, John Munro, tutor of Foulis,
when travelling home from Edinburgh to Ross with his servants, reposed for
a night in a meadow near Strathardle, where the owner of the ground, in the
dark, cut off their horses' tails. Summoning 350 of his best men, in revenge
for this he ravaged Strathardle, slew many of the people, and carried off their
cattle. In passing Moy, Macintosh demanded a share of the latter, as it was
customary when cattle were driven through a gentleman's land to give what
was called a Staoig Creiche, or "Road Collop." Munro refused, so a fight
between the clans ensued at Clach-na-harry. Macintosh paid dear for his
rapacity, as he and most of his men were slain ; while many of the Munroes
fell, and John Munro was left for dead, and would have died had he not
been succoured by the Erasers. In this fight (which Shaw dates 1454, and
Anderson 1378) the Munroes galled the Macintoshes fearfully with their
arrows. In 1544 and 1550 two bonds of Kindness and Alliance were signed
between Ross of Balnagowan and Robert Munro of Foulis, the former at
Rosskeyne, and the latter at Balnagowan. Robert Munro of Foulis was slain
at the battle of Pinkie in 1547.
Robert Munro, sixteenth of that Ilk, according to Burke ; fifteenth
according to the Roll of the Clans, who died without issue in 1587, was
succeeded by his brother Hector, who married, firstly, a daughter of Hugh,
Lord Eraser of Lovat, by whom he had two sons and a daughter ; and,
secondly, Janet, daughter of Andrew Munro of Milltown, but had no other
issue. Hector Munro died in November 1603, and was succeeded by his son

The Clan Munbo — continued.
Sir Robert Munro, commonly called the Black Baron. He was Colonel of
two Dutch regiments, one of Horse, the other of Foot, under Gustavus
Adolphus; was wounded mortally by a musket ball in 1638, and was buried
at Ulm. There were at that time in the Swedish army twenty-seven field-
officers and eleven captains of the surname of Munro. Of these John Munro
of Obstell, a Colonel of Scots, was slain on the banks of the Rhine ; and Sir
Hector Munro, Colonel of Dutch, died at Hamburg in 1635, "and was buried
at Buxtehood in the old land on the Elve."
In 1632 the Munroes mustered 1000 strong at the funeral of Lord Lovat
in Kirkhill ; the Grants were 800; the MacKenzies, 900; the Rosses, 1000;
and the Erasers, 1000, all in arms — a singular gathering.
The Black Baron, leaving no male issue (his daughter Margaret was
married to MacKenzie of Skatwell), was succeeded by his brother Hector
Munro, who was created a Baronet of Nova Scotia 7th June 1634, and
married Mary, daughter of Hugh Mackay of Farre. He died in 1635, and
was succeeded by his only son Sir Hector, who died unmarried in 1651, in
his seventeenth year, when the title devolved upon his cousin Robert, who
became the third Baronet, and married Jean, eldest daughter of Sir Hector,
the first Baronet. Sir Robert, who had seven sons, died in 1668, and was
succeeded by his eldest. Sir John, who married a daughter of MacKenzie
of Coul, and dying in 1696, was succeeded by his son Sir Robert, appointed
High Sheriff of Ross under the Great Seal in 1725. Dying four years after,
he was succeeded by his eldest son Sir Robert, sixth Baronet, a gallant
officer who fell at Falkirk at the head of the 37th Regiment, fighting against
James VIIL His son. Sir Harry, won a high reputation as a scholar, and
died at Edinburgh in 1781.
Among the distinguished members of this clan we cannot forget those
who shed such lustre on the School of Anatomy at Edinburgh : Alexander
Munro, primus, of the family of Milltown, whose grandfather fought at
Worcester; Alexander Munro, secundm, born in 1733; and his son Alex
ander Munro, tertius. There was also Donald Munro, M.D., an eminent
medical writer in London (son of Munro, priimis), where he died in 1782.
Nor can we forget the gallant Sir Hector Munro, K.C.B., Colonel of the
Black Watch, so distinguished for service in India, and who died at Novar,
in Ross-shire, in 1805.
There was another distinguished soldier of the clan, Major-General Sir
Thomas Munro, born at Glasgow in 1761. He served in the Mysore war
against Hyder Ali and at the fall of Seringapatam. In 1804 he obtained
the rank of Major-Colonel after about twenty-eight years of uninterrupted
fighting in India. He received the thanks of Parliament, moved for by Mr
Canning, in 1819. In 1820 he was Governor of Madras, and was created a
Baronet 30th June 1825. The Burmese war prevented this veteran officer
retiring from India as soon as he wished; but at length he set out for
home, only to be attacked by cholera in 1827, in his sixty-sixth year, at
Putteecoodah, where he died, and is interred. An equestrian statue by
Chantry was erected to his memory in Madras. He was succeeded by his
son, the present Sir Thomas Munro, Bart., of Lindertis.

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MONRO.
OR MUNRO.

MUNRO (Red)

MURRAY (ATHOLE).

Clan Pipe Music ;— Salute — "Failte Diiic Athol " ("The Athole Salute '
March — "Athole Highlanders.''
Badge : — Calg-bhcalaidh (Butcher's Broom), or Aiteann (.Juniper).

ACCORDING to MacFarlane, a John de Moravia was a man of import
ance in the reign of William the Lion, and also of Alexander II.,
who succeeded to the throne in 1214. Together with Guide, Abbot
of Lindores, he made a donation to the Abbey of Arbroath, and died about
1225. His brother, St. Gilbert Murray, was consecrated Bishop of Caithness
in 1222, and died in 1245.
Sir William Murray, third of this family, was one of the Magnates Scotice
summoned to Berwick by Edward of England, and then by treachery forced
to submit to John Baliol. Various charters to people of the name occur in
the reign of Robert I. 1306-30) : To Patrick Murray of lands in the valley of
the Clyde ; to William Murray of Wallingford, Edinburghshire ; and to
Patrick Murray of the lands of Stewarton, in Cunningham.
In the reign of David II. (1330-70) there was granted a charter to
Maurice Murray, Earl of Strathearn, of the Barony of Hawick. This noble,
the seventh of his line, was killed by King David's side at the battle of
Durham in 1346, and having no issue, his Earldom reverted to the Crown.
In the same reign there was granted a charter to Walter Murray of Tullibar
dine, by Robert, Steward of Scotland, and Earl of Strathearn of the lands of
Tullibardine, Pitvar, Aldy, and others in the district of Strathearn. About
the same time charters were granted to Maurice Murray of the town of Branx-
holme, "quhilk John Baliol forfaulted," of "the two Lethoms," etc., " quhilk
Alexander Mowbray forisfecit," also the lands of Gosford, in the shire of
Haddington ; consequently the name was not then confined to the country pf
Athole. Sir Walter Murray died in 1390, leaving a son David, who was
knighted by James I. in 1424. His son. Sir William, by his wife, Margaret
Colquhoun of Luss, had seventeen sons, from whom many families of the
surname of Murray are descended. His son, Sir William Murray, tenth of
Tullibardine, was a favourite of James III. and James IV. The latter em
ployed him in concluding a treaty with the English in 1495. In his old age
he was so greatly esteemed by the gallant James IV. that by dispensation,
in 1507, he freed him from attendance at court or with the army. He died
two years afterwards, leaving one son. Sir William, who married Margaret,
daughter of John, Earl of Athole, and another Sir Andrew, from whom
descend the Viscounts Stormont and Earls of Mansfield. At Pinkie in 1547,
there fell John Murray of Abercairnie and David Murray of Auchtertyre, sons
of those who fell at Flodden thirty-four years before.

Murray — continued.
Sir William Murray, eleventh of Tulliburdine, was a zealous Reformer,
and with others in 1559 defied the summons of the Queen Regent to appear
at Court. On Mary's return from France, he entertained her frequently at
Tullibardine, and in 1565 was appointed Comptroller of her household ;
but he was an enemy of Bothwell, who when demanding trial by battle at
Carberry in 1667, declined to meet Sir William on the plea of inferior rank.
He was created by James VI. Earl of Tullibardine in 1606. He died in 1609,
leaving three sons (1) William, second Earl of Tullibardine, father of John,
first Earl of Athole ; (2) Patrick, third Earl of Tullibardine, father of James,
fourth Earl of Tullibardine, and William of Redcastle, who was taken prisoner
at the battle of Philiphaugh in 1645, and executed at St. Andrews; (3)
Mungo, second Viscount Stormont.
John, son of second Earl of Tullibardine, became Earl of Athole in 1629,
when the Civil War broke out, raised his clan and others to the number of
2000 men for the King's service. He was succeeded in 1642 by his son John,
second Earl of Athole, who also raised more than 2000 men for the Royal
service, and was appointed by Charles II. Lord Justice General, Captain of
the Guard, and in 1676 Marquis of Athole and K.T. Of his six sous, Charles,
the second, became first Earl of Dunmore, and his sixth, Lord Mungo,
perished in the Darien Expedition. John, second Marquis, was created
Duke of Athole in 1703, and bitterly opposed the Union. His eldest son,
John, Marquis of Tullibardine, was killed in battle at Malplaquet in 1709,
and his son William, also Marquis of Tullibardine, was in the field for King
James in 1715, after which he went to France. Returning in 1745, when in
about his fiftieth year he was the first to unfurl the Royal Standard. This
loyal and gallant noble died in the Tower of London, without issue, in 1746.
His brother. Lord George, who had been with him at Culloden, died in
Holland in 1766; thus the Dukedom of Athole devolved upon James, third
son of the first Duke, who dying without male issue in 1764, the title went
to his nephew whose descendants still hold it.
Eleven baronetcies have belonged to the powerful clan of the Murrays.
In 1626 Sir William Murray of Clermont, a cadet of the family of Black-
barony, was created a Bart, of Nova Scotia; Sir Archibald Murray of
Blackbarony, Bart., in 1628; Sir William Murray of Dynnern, Bart., 1630
(extinct); Sir William Murray of Abirmont, Bart. 1631 (extinct); Sir
William Murray of Stanhope, Bart. 1664 ; Sir William Murray of Auchter
tyre, Bart. 1673; Sir Thomas Murray of Clendoick, Bart. 1776; and
Alexander, Count Murray of Melgum, PTart. 1704.
Sir Robert Murray of Craigie, one of that small but learned group who
founded the Royal Society in 1662, died in 1673. William Murray, the first
Earl of Mansfield, the famous lawyer and statesman, was the fourth son of
the fifth Viscount Stormont, and was born in Perth in 1705. In 1754 he
succeeded Sir Dudley Rider as Attorney-General, became a member of the
Cabinet and Chancellor of the Exchequer. Infirmities compelled him to
resign the office of Lord Chief Justice in 1778. He died at his seat, called
Caen Wood, near Hampstead, in 1793, and was buried in Westminster
Abbey,

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MURRAY (ATHOLE).

M U RR AY
(TULLIBARDINE).

Clan Pipe Music : — Salute— "Fiilte Diiio Athol" ("The Athole Salute'
March — "Athole Highlanders.''
Badge : — Calg-bhealaidh (Butcher's Broom), or Aiteann (Juniper).

THIS tartan (sometimes erroneously called Tullibardine) was adopted
and worn by Charles, first Earl of Dunmore, second son of the first
Marquis of Athole, and of Lady Amelia Stanley, by whom the
sovereignty of the Isle of Man and the Barony of Strange came into the
Athole family. He was thus sixth in descent from Mary, Queen Dowager of
France, the beautiful daughter of King Henry VII., through the Stanleys,
Earls of Derby ; and the Cliffords, Earls of Cumberland.
Lord Charles Murray, when young, became an officer in the Scottish
Regular Forces, and in 1679 was Lieutenant-Colonel of the Royal North
British Dragoons, now known as the Scots Greys ; and upon the death of Sir
Thomas Dalziel of Binns, who raised the regiment, he received the command
of it, and was Master of the Horse to the Princess Anne, afterwards Queen of
Great Britain.
Upon the accession of King James II. and VII. to the throne. Lord
Charles Murray was made Master of the Horse to Queen Mary, and on 16th
August 1686 he was created Earl of Dunmore, Viscount Fincastle, and Lord
Murray of Blair, Moulin, and Tullymet ; taking his Earldom from Dunmore
in Athole. At the Revolution he was deprived of all his offices, and retiring led a
private life till the death of William of Orange.
Soon after the accession of Queen Anne, he was made a Lord of the
Privy Council in February 1703, and Governor of Blackness Castle in 1707.
He died in 1710, and was succeeded by his second, but eldest surviving son
John as second Earl, who commanded the Scots Guards for forty-nine years.
This nobleman dying unmarried in 1752, the title devolved on his brother
William, the third Earl, who was a staunch adherent to Prince Charles
Edward in the '45, and was tried for high treason at Southark, and w.as
eventually pardoned by George II. ; he died in 1756, and was succeeded by
his son John, the fourth Earl, who was also a Captain in the Scots Guards.
In 1761 this Earl purchased the estate of Elphinstone in Stirlingshire, and
rebuilding the house, changed the name to Dunmore. George, the fifth Earl,
married the daughter of the Duke of Hamilton, and had issue, Alexander,
sixth Earl, Captain in the 9th Lancers, and A.D.C. to H.R.H. Adolphus,
Duke of Cambridge ; and his son Charles, seventh Earl, was a Captain in
the Scots Guards, and Colonel commanding the 3rd Battalion Queen's Own
Cameron Highlanders, and is well known as a Central Asian traveller. The
family property is the Isle of Harris, Inverness-shire. His son is Viscount
Fincastle, V.C, 16th Lancers.

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MURRAY (TULLIBARDINE).

THE NAPIERS

THE surname of Napier is one of considerable antiquity both in Scotland
and England, but is principally Scottish. According to the tradition
preserved in the family, and mentioned in a MS. of the time of
Charles I., written by Sir W. Segar, Garter King of Arms, and quoted in
Burke's Peerage, the surname arose thus: "One of the ancient Celtic Earls
of Lennox had three sons ; the eldest succeeded him in the Earldom, the
second was named Donald, and the third Gilchrist. The then King of Scots
being engaged in war (presumably with the Danes), and having convocated
his subjects to battle, the Earl of Lennox was called on, amongst others, to
send such force as he could to the king's assistance, which he accordingly
did, keeping his eldest son at home with him, but putting his men under
the command of his two younger sons. The battle went hard with the Scots,
who were not only forced to lose ground, but were actually running away,
when Donald snatched his father's standard from the bearer, charged the
enemy with the Lennox men, changed the fortune of the day, and obtained
a victory. After the battle, as the custom was, every one reported his acts,
when the king said : ' Ye have all done valiantly, but there is one amongst
you who has nae peer' (that is, no equal), and calling Donald to him, com
manded him to change his name from Lennox to Napier, and bestowed upon
him the lands of Gosford and lands in Fife as a reward for his service."
Whether any reliance is to be placed in this tradition or not there is nothing
in it that might not possibly have occurred.
It is a fact that so early as the fifth year of King Stephen (1140) there
was an Oinus Naparius, or Oinus of the Napery, and others of the same
surname who lived in the reigns of Henry II. and III. But there is no
evidence to connect these early English or Norman ' Napers ' with the
Scottish ' Napers ' of the thirteenth century ; and the heraldic bearings of
the Merchiston Napiers show their descent from the old Lennox family.
The earliest mention of the name in Scotland is in a charter of Malcolm,
Earl of Lennox, of 1280, when a John de Napier had considerable estates in
Dumbartonshire. He is also witness to another charter of the same Earl in
1294. Johan le Naper del Counte de Dunbretan, and Mathew le Naper de
Aghelek, swore homage to Edward I. in 1296, which almost all the barons
were compelled to do.
In 1303, when Edward I. besieged Stirling Castle, John de Napier was
one of the Scots leaders assisting Sir William Oliphant in its defence, and
he, on its capitulation, was fined severely for his patriotic attachment to the
cause of Scotland. His successor, William de Napier, was Governor of Edin
burgh Castle in 1401, whose son, Alexander Napier, was Provost of Edin
burgh in 1437, and was the first who acquired the lands and Castle of
Merchiston, which have ever since remained in possession of the family. His
son, Alexander, was Comptroller to King James II,, in virtue of his ser-yices
37

The Napibiis — continued.
on behalf of his queen-mother in 1439, when Napier was wounded in her
defence. He also acted as Ambassador to England and other countries. His
son, John Napier of Merchiston, married Elizabeth Menteth, one of the two
daughters of Murdoch Menteth of Rusky, whose mother was Lady Margaret,
second daughter of Duncan, Earl of Lennox. By this marriage his de
scendants became allied to the first families in Scotland, and even claimed
a connection with the Royal family of Great Britain, in consequence of the
union of Lord Darnley with Queen Mary. His grandson. Sir Alexander, fell
at the battle of Flodden in 1513; and his son, of the same name, was
slain at Pinkie in 1547, leaving a son, Archibald, who was knighted in 1567,
and made Master of the Mint. His eldest son was John Napier, the cele
brated inventor of Logarithms (published in 1614), who was twice married,
and had several sons, ancestors of various branches of Napiers. His eldest
son was Sir Archibald, appointed a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to
James VI. on his accession to the English throne in 1603. He was created
Baron Napier of Merchiston in 1627, and loyally supported the cause of
King Charles I., and was sent prisoner to the Castle of Edinburgh by the
rebels in 1641, along with the great Marquis of Montrose and Sir George
Keir, his kinsmen, and later on was with his wife and sister, fined
XI 0,000, but was liberated by his gallant son, the Master of Napier, after
the victory of Kilsyth. He fought under Montrose at the battle of Philip
haugh, and escaped to Atholl, where he died. His son, Archibald, like
his father, fought on the Royal side under his uncle, the Marquis of
Montrose, at Auldearn, Alford, and Kilsyth, but after Philiphaugh had to
take refuge on the Continent. He had the honour to be exempted in the
usurper Cromwell's "Act of Grace" of 1654. His son, Archibald, third Lord
Napier, was unmarried, and the title passed, through his sister, Margaret,
who married Scott of Thirlestane, to their son, Francis, who became fifth
Lord Napier. He was the father of several fighting sons, one of the younger
of whom, the Hon. George Napier, married Lady Sarah Lennox, and became
the father of three most famous warlike sons, the eldest being General Sir
Charles James Napier, the "Conqueror of Scinde," and "the acknowledged
hero of a family of heroes." The other sons were Sir George and Sir William
Napier— the latter the author of the History of the Peninsular War. Their
cousin was Admiral Sir Charles Napier. Francis, seventh Lord Napier,
laid a foundation stone of the present Edinburgh University buildings in
1789 ; and his grandson, Francis, ninth Lord Napier, was British Ambassador,
and the esteemed Chairman of the Highland Crofters' Commission, that
marked an era in the history of the Highlands. His son, William, is the
present Lord Napier of Merchiston and Ettrick.
Besides the titled line of the famous Merchiston family there were several
other branches scattered throughout Scotland, such as the Napiers of Kil-
mahew (the oldest family), Wrightshouses (extinct), Culcreuch, Ballichearne,
Ballikinrain, Bowquaple, Harvieston, and Taycock, also Fallside and Bal-
manno, in Kincardineshire, all of which have Arms registered in the Lyon
Office. The Merchiston Arms differ from the old Lennox coat-of-arms by
having the red saltire engrailed instead of plain, showing their cadency fropi
that noble family of Celtic earls.

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NAPIER.
THE CLAN OGILVIE

Badge : — Sgitlieach geal (Whitethorn, hawthorn).

ACCORDING to Douglas, the Ogilvies are descended from a certain
Gilbert, second son of Gilibred, an Earl of Angus in the days of
William the Lion, who witnessed many charters to the Abbey of
Arbroath, and assumed the name of Ogilvie from his lands and barony so
called. Patrick of Ogilvie, his grandson, was forced to swear fealty to the
invader, Edward of England, for his lands in Forfar in 1296. In 1309
Robert I. granted a charter to Patrick of Ogilvie of the Barony of Kettenes
in Forfar. Walter Ogilvie of Wester Pourie was Hereditary Sheriff of Forfar,
and in 1385 obtained from Robert II. a money grant from the thanedom of
Kinalty, Forfarshire. His son, Walter Ogilvie, was also High Sheriff of
Forfar, and lost his life in 1391 in a conflict with Duncan Stewart, a natural
son of the Earl of Buchan, who invaded the country to burn and pillage.
The Sheriff overtook them at a place called Glenberrith, and in the fight
that ensued he fell with his brother and sixty of his clan. The line of Sir
Alexander, eldest son of Sir Walter of Auchterhouse, ending in a daughter,
who became Countess of Buchan, Sir Walter Ogilvie of Lintrathen, second
son of Sir Walter of Auchterhouse, became the head of the family. He was
Lord High Treasurer under James I. in 1425, and a Commissioner for
renewing the truce with England in 1431. He married Isobel Durward, the
heiress of Lintrathen, by which his posterity were designed till raised to
the Peerage, which was the fortune of his grandson Sir James, who after
guaranteeing a Treaty of Peace with England in 1484, was made a Lord
of Parliament in 1491 by James IV., as Lord Ogilvie of Airlie. He died in
1504. James, sixth Lord Ogilvie of Airlie, was a loyal subject to Queen
Mary, for which he suffered long imprisonment, but was released by James VI.
in 1596, and sent Ambassador to the Court of Denmark to assist at the
coronation of Christian IV. He died in 1606, and was succeeded by his son
James, who married a daughter of William, Earl of Gowrie. James, eighth
Lord Ogilvie, for his loyal and gallant services to Charles I., was created
Earl of Airlie in 1639, and became as a Royalist very obnoxious to the
Scottish Parliament, against whom his second son. Sir Thomas, levied a
regiment, at the head of which he fell at the battle of Inverlochy. James
second Earl of Airlie, by his valour contributed to the defeat of the
Covenanters on more than one occasion, but was taken prisoner at Philip
haugh, and sentenced to death. He effected his escape from the Castle of
St. Andrews in his sister's clothes, and was afterwards pardoned. James
Lord Ogilvie was "out" for King James in 1715, and, dying without issue,
was succeeded by his brother John, as fourth Earl of Airlie. His son, after
wards fifth Earl, was a devoted adherent of the Royal family, and joined
Prince Charles at Edinburgh in 1745 with 600 men, principally of the

The Clan Ogilvie — continued.
Ogilvie clan. He marched to Derby, fought at Falkirk and Culloden, after
which he retired to Norway, where he was made prisoner, but escaped to
Sweden, and became an officer in the French service. He returned to
Scotland in 1783. Walter Ogilvie of Airlie assumed the title in 1812, but
the Earldom was not restored by law till 1826. The present Earl and Chief
is one of our most distinguished cavalry officers. The first ancestor of the
Ogilvies, Earls of Findlater, was Walter, a son of Sir Walter Ogilvie, who,
as stated, married Isobel Durward, the heiress of Lintrathep. He obtained
charters under the Great Seal of the baronies of Deskford and^indlater in
1440. James, his heir, was knighted by James III., and his second son was
Sir Walter of Boyne, from whom the Lords Banff and Ogilvie of Strathearn,
Lord High Treasurer of Scotland in 1516, were descended. Sir Walter
Ogilvie, seventh of Findlater and Deskford, was created by James VI. in 1616
Lord Ogilvie of Deskford, and his son was raised to the Earldom of Findlater
by Charles I. in 1638. Having no male heir, he obtained a new patent
conferring the title of Findlater after his death on his eldest daughter. Lady
Elizabeth, and her husband. Sir Patrick Ogilvie, of Inchmartin, descended
from an old branch of the family. Sir Patrick left a son. Sir Walter Ogilvie,
who married the heiress of Sir John Glen, whose ancestor got that estate by
marriage with the daughter of Sir Patrick Inchmartin of that Ilk, 'who was
secretary to Robert I., and was killed at the battle of Dupplin in 1332.
James, fourth Earl of Findlater, born in 1664, was appointed Secretary
of State by King William in 1695, and in 1701 was created Earl of Seafield.
In 1704 he was Chancellor and a promoter of the Union. He sold his vote
for £100. James, fifth Earl of Seafield and Findlater, was Vice-Admiral of
Scotland in 1737. James, seventh Earl of Findlater, and fourth Earl of
Seafield, left no issue by his Countess (a daughter of Count Murray of
Melgum), and at his death in 1811 the Earldom of Findlater expired ; but
the other dignities reverted to his cousin. Sir Lewis Alexander Grant of that
Ilk, Bart., who then added to his own the name of Ogilvie.
The Ogilvies of Dunlugus were first Baronets in 1627, and in 1642 creatod
Lords Banff for the loyal services of Sir George Ogilvie, who fought at the
Bridge of Dee in 1639. The title has been dormant since the death of
William, eighth Lord, in 1803. John Ogilvie of Inverquharity was created
a Baronet in 1627, and George Ogilvie of Barras (for defending Dunottar
against the English) in 1661. Title extinct, In 1684 Ogilvie, the Laird of
Logic, was brought before the Privy Council for shooting Alexander Leslie,
writer, in a jealous quarrel. He was fined £200 sterling, and remitted by
the King, though the Chancellor alleged that Ogilvie waylaid Leslie "and
then proditoriously (sic) murdered him." In the same year Francis Ogilvie
of New Grange was "pursued" by the Lords of Council for the forcible
abduction of the daughter of David Scott of Hadderwick. David Stuart
Ogilvie of Corrimony, who had served in the Crimean War, joined the Army
of the Loire during the Franco-Prussian War, and gave, it is said, Gambetta
a plan of the campaign. He died of wounds in action, in 1870, when Capitaine
d'Etat-major of the 18th Corps d'Armee.

OGILVIE.

OGILVIE (Green)

OLIPHANT AND MELVILLE

Badge : — Sycamore.

THE name Oliphant was originally Olifard. The first in Scotland of this
name was David de Olifard who accompanied David I. from Win
chester in 1141. A branch of the Olifards settled in Kincardineshire.
The title of Lord Oliphant (now dormant) was conferred before 1458 on Sir
Lawrence Oliphant, a descendant of the above named David de Olifard. He
died about 1500. He had three sons John, second Lord Oliphant, William,
from whom are descended the Oliphants of Gask, and George who was styled
of Bachilton. Patrick, eighth Lord Oliphant, died without issue in 1721, when the title
devolved on his uncle, William, ninth lord, a colonel in the army, who also
died without issue. His brother Francis, tenth lord, voted at elections of
Scots peers down to 1747. On his death in 1748, William, son of Charles
Oliphant of Langton, assumed the title and voted at an election in 1750, since
which no one has voted as Lord Oliphant at the election of Scots peers. He
died in 1751, acknowledging Laurence Oliphant of Gask to be heir to his
peerage. That gentleman, however, having with his eldest son, been attainted
for engaging in the rising of 1745, did not assume the title. John Oliphant
of Bachilton, who died in 1781, was styled Lord Oliphant.
Carolina Oliphant (Lady Nairne) was of the Oliphants of Gask. She was
called Carolina in honour of Prince Charles.
Sycamore is the badge of the Oliphants.
Melville is a surname of ancient standing in Scotland, derived from the
lands of that name in Midlothian. The first person of the name settled there
in the reign of David I., and called his manor mala villa, hence the name
Melville. Galifred de Maleville, the first of the family was viscecomes of
Edinburgh Castle under Malcolm IV., and justiciary under William the Lion.
The family remained in possession of their ancient manor till the reign of
Robert II. The original stock then terminating in an heiress, Agnes, who
married Sir John Ross of Halkhead, and their descendant was by James IV.,
created Lord Ross, in whose family the barony of Melville remained till 1705.
Earl of Melville, a title in the peerage of Scotland was conjoined, since
1704 with that of the Earl of Leven, and conferred in 1690, on George, fourth
Lord Melville, descended from Sir John de Melville of Raith, in Fife, who
swore fealty to Edward I. in 1296. The present representative is Ronald
Ruthven Leslie-Melville, Earl of Leven and Melville, born 1835.
Viscount of Melville, a title in the peerage of the United Kingdom, was
conferred with the secondary title of Baron Duneira, county Perth in 1802, on
the Eight Hon. Henry Dundas. The present holder of the title, Henry
Dundas was born in 1835.

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OLIPHANT AND MELVILLE.

THE RAMSAYS

SIMON de Ramsay lived in the Lothians in 1140, and William de Ramsay
probably his descendant, swore fealty to King Edward I. for his lands
of Dalwolsy now Dalhousie in 1296. He afterwards joined King
Robert Bruce. His son Alexander defended Dunbar against the English in
1338, and was later made Sheriff of Teviotdale. This appointment offended
William Douglas, Knight of Liddesdale, and he took the first opportunity of
capturing Ramsay, whom he imprisoned and starved to death in Hermitage
Ca'stle in 1342. His descendant. Sir Alexander Ramsay, had several sons,
the second, Robert, was probably ancestor of the Ramsays of Cockpen and
Whitehill ; the eldest son, Alexander, carried on the main line of the family.
His great grandson James had two sons : (1) George, created Lord Ramsay of
Melrose in 1618, which title he had changed to Lord Ramsay of Dalhousie in
1619. (2) John, created in 1606 Viscount of Haddington, and in 1621 Earl
of Holdernesse who died without issue. William, second Lord Ramsay and
son of the first Lord was created Earl of Dalhousie in 1633. George, eighth
Earl of Dalhousie had seven sons — George the eldest, became ninth Earl.
William, the second son, succeeded to the estates of the Panmure family, and
assumed the name and arms of the Maules. The ninth Earl died in 1838,
and was succeeded by his son James tenth Earl, who became Governor-
General of India, and was created Marquis of Dalhousie in 1849. Dying
without male issue in 1860, the Marquisate became extinct, but the Earldom
reverted to his cousin. William Ramsay or Maule referred to above was
created Baron Panmure in 1831, and died 1852, His son Fox Maule second
Baron, succeeded as eleventh Earl of Dalhousie, but died without issue 1874.
George, twelfth Earl, was the son of the Hon. John Ramsay, younger brother
of the above mentioned first Baron Panmure. He died 1880, and his grandson
is the fourteenth and present Earl.
A Sir John Ramsay whose parentage is uncertain, was created Lord
Bothwell about 1485. He was a favourite of King James III., and narrowly
escaped being hanged at Lauder. In 1488 he was forfeited. His son
William was father of Sir Gilbert Ramsay of Balmain, created a Baronet in
1625. The seventh Baronet died without issue and the title became extinct.
The present Ramsays, Baronets of Balmain, are paternally Burnetts of Leys.
They are descended from a daughter of the original line, but the Baronetcy
is their own.
The Rev. Andrew Ramsay, a younger brother of the first Baronet of
Balmain was grandfather of Sir Andrew Ramsay of Abbotshall, who was
created a Baronet in 1669, but died without issue 1709.
The Ramsays of Banff descend from a Neis de Ramsay who lived in 1232.
His descendant was created a Baronet in 1666, whose representative is Sir
James Ramsay tenth Bart.
John Ramsay of Whitehill wascreated a Baronet in 1665, but the title
came to an end on the death of the fifth Bart, in 1721.

RAMSAY.

THE RATTRAYS

THE surname Rattray is derived from the barony of that name in
Perthshire. In that county the name "Rattray of Rattray and
Craighall" is to be found as far back as the time of Malcolm
Canmore. In the reigns of William the Lion and Alexander II. lived
Alanus de Rattrieff, whose son was Sir Thomas de Rattrieff, was knighted
by Alexander III. He left two sons, Eustatius and John. The former was
father of Adam de Rattrieff, who in 1292, with other Scotch barons, had to
submit to Edward I. He died before 1315. His son, Alexander de Rattrieff,
was one of the barons of the Parliament held at Ayr that year to settle the
succession to the crown.
Sir John Rattray of Rattray was knighted by James IV. By his wife,
Elizabeth, daughter of James, second Lord Kennedy, he had three sons and a
daughter. His eldest son, John, having died issueless, his brother, Patrick,
succeeded his father, as did also after him the youngest son, Sylvester. The
daughter, Grizel, married John Stewart, third Earl of Athole of that name.
On Sir John's death the earl laid claim to a portion of the Rattray estate as
husband of his only daughter, and, at the head of a large body of retainers,
forcibly took possession of the castle of Rattray, and carried off the family
writs. Patrick, the then proprietor, retired to the castle of Craighall, which
he gallantly and successfully defended.
Sylvester Rattray was served heir to his father and two brothers in the
barony of Craighall and Kyneballoch, and infeft therein in Dundee in 1534-
His son and successor, David Rattray of Craighall and Kyneballoch, served
heir to his father in 1554, had two sons, George and Sylvester. The elder
son succeeded his father in the reign of James VI. He was succeeded by his
son Sylvester in 1604. He had two sons, David and Sylvester. The latter,
who was bred to the Church, was progenitor of the Rattrays of Persie.
The elder son, David Rattray of Craighall, was served heir to his father
in 1613, and died soon after, leaving a son, Patrick. This son on his own
resignation got a charter under the great seal from Charles I. dated 28th
February 1648, of the lands of Craighall, Kyneballoch, and others, containing
a Novodamus, and erecting them into a free barony, to be called Craighall
and Rattray, in all time coming. He was succeeded by his son John, who
was the father of Dr Thomas Rattray of Craighall, who was served heir to his
father in 1692. He died in 1742. His eldest daughter, Margaret, married
in 1720 the celebrated Dr John Clerk, Edinburgh. James Clerk, born 1763,
son of David Clerk, M.D., Edinburgh, succeeded to Craighall- Rattray in right
of his grandmother, and assumed the additional surname of Rattray. He was
an eminent advocate, and died in 1831. He was succeeded by his son Robert
Clerk-Rattray of Craighall-Rattray. He died in 1851, and was succeeded by
his son, Lieut.-General Sir James Clerk-Rattray, K.C.B.
38

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RATTRAY.

THE ROB ROY TARTAN

THERE are extant three portraits of this famous outlaw and Jacobite
leader, all three taken from life, and each representing him dressed
in this peculiar tartan of alternate checks of red and black.
It is not improbable that the harsh and cruel proscription of his name,
his clan and his insignia, may have led to the adoption of this peculiar and
neutral tartan by Rob Roy.
Robert MacGregor Campbell, which last name he bore repugnantly, in
consequence of the Scottish Parliamentary Acts passed for the suppression of
his clan, was a younger son of Lieutenant Colonel MacGregor of Glengyle
(an officer in the Scottish army of James VII.), and his mother was a daughter
of Campbell of Glenfalloch. Thus he was well born, but when is uncertain.
He was certainly, however, active in the scenes of war and turbulence sub
sequent to the Revolution. " His own designation,'' says Sir Walter Scott,
" was of Inversnaid ; but he appears to have acquired a right of some kind or
other to the property of Craig Royston, a domain of rock and forest lying on
the east side of Loch Lomond, where that beautiful lake stretches into the
dusky mountains of Glenfalloch."
In 1691 he was engaged in a predatory expedition into the parish of
Kippen in the Lennox, under the plea that he had a " commission from King
James to plunder the rebel Whigs." The peaceable inhabitants had to flee
for safety and leave their property to the rapacity of this banditti, who
seized upon cattle, victuals, furniture, etc.
Rob was a gentleman drover, and in those days the cattle were escorted
to the Lowland fairs by Highlanders in full array, with all their arms
rattling round them.
Rob Roy's importance increased on the death of his father, when he
succeeded to the management of his nephew, IVf^cGregor of Glengyle's
property. He became involved in money matters with the Duke of Montrose,
and their quarrel ended in Rob challenging his Grace. Eventually he
took refuge in the mountains with £1000 given him by several persons
to purchase cattle, and in 1712 a reward was offered for his apprehension.
From that time he was deemed a "broken man," and his landed property
was attached by regular form of legal procedure, which he defied with the
sword, and then his lawless life began, under the shelter of the Duke of
Argyle, who, according to the Highland phrase, accorded him wood, water,
a deer from the hill, and a salmon from the linn.
He maintained a predatory warfare against the Duke of Montrose, whose
factor, Graham of Killearn, he made prisoner, and whose rents he drew on
more than one occasion. Rob was long-armed, and a matchless swordsman.
Lord Tyrawley's Regiment, the South British (now Royal) Fusiliers, was
also employed against Rob and his followers, without avail. In 1715 Rob
was at the battle of Sheriffmuir. In this battle the Highland right wing.

The Rob Roy Taetan — continued.
consisting of the Stewarts, Mackenzies, and Camerons, swept Argyle's left
off the field, and had the MacGregor's charged. King James had won the
day ; but for some reason unknown, Rob Roy retained his position on a hill
in the centre and failed to advance, and eventually carried off the baggage of
both friends and enemies.
His lawless life went on year by year, till the Government built a fort at
Inversnaid, the ruins of which still remain. Rob stormed it, disarmed and
dispersed the garrison, and gave the edifice to the flames. General Wolfe,
when a regimental officer of the 20th Foot, once commanded there. It was
re-established, but was again taken and demolished in 1745 by the MacGregors
under Rob's nephew. Glim die. In his old age he expressed contrition for
some acts of his life, and his wife, Mary Helen MacGregor of Cromar on Loch
Lomond side, is said to have laughed at his scruples ; but he rebuked her,
saying, " You have put strife betwixt me and the best men of the country,
a,nd now you would place enmity between me and my God."
He died on the 28th of December 1734. His grave and that of Helen
are still to be seen at the east end of the old ruined church at Balquhidder.
They left four sons — Coll, Ronald, James, and Robert. The latter
shot a Maclaren in feud, absconded, and escaped all search. He was
wounded at Fontenoy in the ranks of the 42nd Regiment, returned home,
and married a daughter of Graham of Drunkie. James MacGregor, with
the rank of Major, led the clan, many of them armed with scythe blades,
in the campaign of 1745, and was wounded at Prestonpans. He was after
wards a prisoner in Edinburgh Castle, from which he effected his escape,
and died in France about the close of the eighteenth century. Two years after
this, in 1754, his brother Robert, or Robin Og, was executed in the Grass-
market for the forcible abduction of Mrs Jean Kay, an eccentric but wealthy
widow of nineteen years of age, a charge which was never sufficiently proved
against him.

ROB ROY.

THE ROBERTSONS
(OR CLAN DONNACHAIDH).

Clan Pipe Music :— Salute — "Failte Thighearna Struthain " (" The Laird of Struan's Salute ").
Gathering— "Thkinig Clann Donnacha,idh" (" The Robertsons havecome"). March— "Till
an crodh 'Dhonnachaidh " ("Turn the cows, Donnachie "), and "An Ribean Gorm" ("The
Blue Ribbon "). Rant — Struan Robertson's,
Badge :— Dubh Fhraoch (Fine-leaved Heath), or Raineach (Braclcen),

THE first chief of this race who gave the clan its name of Clan
Donnachaidh, or children of Duncan, was " Donnaohadh Reamhar "
(Duncan the Stout), otherwise known as Duncan de Atholia, or
Duncan of Athole. Duncan was the male descendant and representative of
the ancient Celtic Earls of Athole. The clan, as such, however, count their
chiefs from Duncan de Atholia only, as they first appear as a clan then, and
that in support of Duncan's friend and kinsman. King Robert the Bruce.
It was on the way to the field of Bannockburn that Duncan found the famous
" Clach-na-brataich," or stone of the banner, adhering to the standard-pole
on its being lifted from the ground after a night's halt — the crystal ball
which carries with it the luck of Clan Donnachaidh.
" The Robertsons of Struan,'' says Skene, " are unquestionably the oldest
family in Scotland, being the sole remaining branch of that Royal house,
which occupied the throne of Scotland during the eleventh and twelfth
centuries.'' In later centuries Clan Donnachaidh and its chiefs were noted for their
intense loyalty to the Stuarts, and that from the earliest reigns of these
monarchs to the appearance of their last prince in 1745. On the murder of
James I. in the Blackfriars Monastery at Perth, it was the chief of Clan
Donnachaidh who captured his murderers (in a lonely glen in Athole), and in
commemoration of this had, in 1451, his lands erected into a barony and his
arms augmented by the well-known crest, a right hand and arm upholding a
royal crown, with the motto " Viriutis Gloria Merces " (Glory the Reward of
Valour), and slung to the ancient shield — gules, with three wolf-heads
argent — a savage in chains.
Other lands were then offered to the chief, but he chose to have those he
already possessed, which were very extensive, erected into the Barony of
Struan. This chief's name was Robert (a name first adopted by the family
at the wish of Robert the Bruce), and in commemoration of the honours
showered upon him by the successor of the murdered king, his son took the
name of Robertson, which became thereafter that of the family and clan.
It is said that at one time their territory extended from the water-shed of
Rannoch Moor to the Gates of Perth. A good idea of their ancient possessions
is given by a map in The Earldom of Athole, a now scarce work, by the late
Col. James A. Robertson of Lude.

The Robertsons — continued.
One of the most famous chiefs was Alexander Robertson of Struan —
known from his poetic gifts as "the Poet-Chief" — probably the only man in
Scotland who was "out" in the three Risings, 1688, 1715, and 1745. It is
recorded that he was taken prisoner at Sheriffmuir, but was rescued by his
kinsman, Robert Ban Robertson of Invervack. Being aged in 1745, Struan
was persuaded to go home after the Bd,ttle of Prestonpans, and as a man of
wit, no doubt immensely enjoyed the travelling coach assigned to him,
which was none other than Sir John Cope's captured carriage, with all its
contents, this being carried by clansmen into Rannoch, where it was no
longer possible for wheels to go. The Robertsons were led at Culloden by
Donald Robertson of Woodsheal, a son of the afore-mentioned Robert Ban
Robertson. In ancient days the chiefs had castles in Rannoch and at Invervack, near
Struan; later, and up to about 1860, their principal residence was Dun-
alastair, or Mount Alexander, magnificently situated at the foot of, and in
full view of, Schiechallion, in Rannoch ; other residences were Carie, Dall,
and Rannoch Barracks. The burial-places are at Struan and Dunalastair.
The present chief, Alasdair Stewart Robertson (twentieth from Don
naohadh Reamhar), still owns the estate of Rannoch Barracks, at the
extreme west end of Loch Rannoch, on which is some of the finest fishing in
the Highlands. The Barracks was originally built for the troops stationed
there after the '45, but was afterwards converted into a residence.
The oldest cadet family of Struan were the Robertsons of Lude ; others
are the Robertsons of Inshes, Kindeace, Auchleeks, Kindrochit, Strathloch,
Ladykirk, Faskally, Blairfettie, Killiehangy, and many other lairdships,
chiefly in Athole and the surrounding parts of Perthshire. The Robertsons
of Strathloch were also known as Reids, being descended from a red-haired
Robertson, and the Reids still found in Athole and the district, as well as
certain of those bearing that name elsewhere, belong to this stock, and are
eligible for membership in the Clan Donnachaidh Society.
Other clansmen, particularly many of those settled in Aberdeenshire, have
retained as a surname the clan cognomen under its various renderings of
Duncan, M'Connachie, etc. ; also, in 1746, after Culloden, certain Robertsons
assumed the clan name of Donnachie, which under slight variations of spelling
and associated with this tradition, is still found in the counties of Aberdeen
and Lanark.
The chief of the clan is styled Struan Robertson. There are two tartans,
the best known being now the dress tartan which has red in chief, with green
and blue checks. The green or hunting tartan seems merely an adaptation
of the Athole tartan worn by the chiefs as the male representatives of the
Celtic Earls of Athole, and also generally worn in the district. It is said that
one of the chiefs added the white line, as a distinction for himself as head of
the family.
The gathering place of the clan was the "Fea Choire," a lonely glen
behind the Rannoch mountains.
A clan society was formed in 1893. The Hon. Secretary is Mrs Robertson-
Matheson, Glendevon, by Dollar.

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ROBERTSON.
ROBERTSON (HUNTING).

THE ROSES

Badge : — Ri)S Miiri Fhiadhaich ("Wild Rosemary).

THE Roses of Kilravock have enjoyed their property through a descent
of nineteen generations. The Rosses, or Roses, were in other parts
of Scotland as early as the time of King David I. ; but the docu
mentary history of the Kilravock family commences in the reign of Alexander
II., at which time they held the lands of Geddes, in the county of Inverness,
Hugh Rose appearing as a witness to the foundation of the Priory of Beaulieu
in 1219. His son and successor, Hugh, marrying Mary, daughter of Sir
Andrew de Rosco of Redcastle, who inherited the barony of Kilravock through
her mother, he obtained that addition to his possessions, the deed of convey
ance being confirmed by charter from John Baliol in 1293. He was succeeded
by his son William, who married Morella, daughter of Alexander de Doun,
by whom he had two sons ; Andrew, the second, ancestor of the Rosses of
Auchlossan, in Mar, and Hugh, his successor, who, in a deed of agreement
respecting the prior of Urquhart and the Vicar of Dalcross, is styled " nobilis
vir Hugo Rose, dominus de Kilravock." His son Hugh married Janet,
daughter of Sir Robert Chisholm, constable of the castle of Urquhart, by
whom he received a large accession of lands in Strath Nairn, etc. He left a
son, Hugh, who was succeeded by his son John, who was served heir to his
father in 1431; he procured a charter de novo of all his lands, a feudal
provision for the better security of property against adverse claims, so often
preferred in those troublous times. The wife of this chief was Isabella,
daughter of Cheyne, laird of Esslemont, in Aberdeenshire. Hugh, son of
this marriage, built the old tower of Kilravock in 1460. The "Barons of
Kilravock " intermarried with the first families in the north, and filled
various situations of high trust and honour. The castle is an old picturesque
building, situated on the bank of the river Nairn. It is still inhabited, and
contains some old armour, portraits, and family relics. There is scarcely any
family whose charter chest is more amply stored with documents, not only of
private importance, but of great antiquarian interest.

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ROSE.

ROSE (Red)

THE CLAN ROSS

Clan Pipe Music : — "Spaidsearachd larla Ros." March — "The Earl of Ross's March."
Badge : — Aiteann (Juniper).

THIS tribe is designated by the Highlanders Clann Aindreas, which
is altogether different from their name, as in a similar way, the
Robertsons are called Clann Donnachaidh. In the ancient genea
logical history they are called " Clan Anrias," and it begins with Paul
MacTire, to whom William, Earl of Ross, Lord of Skye, granted a charter
for the lands of Gairloch in 1366, witnessed by Alexander, Bishop of Ross,
Hergone, brother of Earl William, Henry the Seneschal, and others.
Robertson mentions that in the Earl of Haddington's Collections he met
with an entry in the reign of Alexander II., dated about 1220, of a "charter
to Ferquhard Ross, of the Earldom of Ross." This Ferquhard, he adds, was
called Mac-an-t-Sagairt, or the Priest's son, and has, with reason, been sup
posed to be the son of Gille Anrias, from whom the clan took its name.
He founded the Abbey of Feam, in Ross-shire, in the reign of Alexander
II. His son, Earl William, was one of the Scottish nobles who, under
Alexander III., bound themselves to make no peace with England in which
the Prince and chiefs of Wales were not included. This line ended in
Euphemia, Countess of Ross, who became a nun, and resigned the Earldom
of Ross to her uncle, John, Earl of Buchan.
The Rosses of Balnagowan were a very ancient line, as they sprang from
William, Earl of Ross, a great patriot and steady friend of Robert I. His
son, Earl Hugh, was killed at Halidon Hill, fighting for his King and country,
in 1333. The ancient Rosses of Balnago'wan failed, and by an unusual circumstance
the estate came, by purchase, to another family of the same name, the Lords
Ross of Hawkhead, an old and very honourable branch of the clan, which
failed on the death of George, twelfth Lord Ross, in 1754, at Ross House,
and of his son, the Master, at Mount Teviot, when his title went to the Earls
of Glasgow. The line of Balnagowan is thus given in 1729 by George Crawford,
Historiographer for Scotland, and other authorities.
Hugh Ross, second son of Hugh, Earl of Ross, married the heiress of
Balnagowan, and was succeeded by William, second Laird of Balnagowan,
who married a daughter of the Lord Livingstone. Their son William married
Catharine, the daughter of Paul MacTire. She was the heiress of Strath-
carron, Strathoykel, and Fostray.
Hugh, third Laird of Balnagowan, married Lady Janet, daughter of the
Earl of Sutherland, and had by her John, his heir, and William Ross of Little
Allan and Coulnaki, predecessor of the Rosses of Shandwick.
39

The Clan Ross — continued.
John, fourth of Balnagowan, married a daughter of Torquil MacLeod of
the Lewes. Their son Alexander married a lady of the Duffus family, and
had " Sir David Ross, who married Helen of Inverugie, daughter to Marischal's
predecessor, by whom he had Walter, his son and heir, and William, who was
the root of Rosses of Invercharron and its branches. The said Walter married
Mary, daughter of James Grant of Freuchy, Laird of Grant."
Their son Alexander was twice married. First, to Jean, daughter of
George, Earl of Caithness, by whom he had George, his successor ; second, to
Katherine, daughter of MacKenzie of Kintail, by whom he had a son Nicholas,
the first of the line of Pitcalnie. He died in 1591.
George, sixth of Balnagowan, married Marjorie, daughter of Sir John
Campbell of Cawdor, with " a tocher of 3000 merks" in 1572. They had a
daughter, married to the Laird of Kintail, and a son, David, seventh of
Balnagowan, who, by Anne of Tullibardine, had a son, "David the Loyal,"
who married Mary, Lord Lovat's daughter. He died at Windsor Castle after
the Restoration, and Charles II. bestowed upon him and his heirs for ever a
pension of 4000 merks Scots, yearly.
David, the last Laird of Balnagowan, married Lady Ann Stewart, daughter
of the Earl of Murray, and dying without issue, conveyed his estate to
Brigadier Charles Ross, son of George, tenth Lord Ross of Hawkhead, by his
second wife. Lady Jean Ramsay, daughter to the Earl of Dalhousie.
The Brigadier was an officer of high military reputation, and in 1729 was
Colonel of the old 5th Royal Irish Horse raised in 1688, and disbanded after
the Rebellion of 1798.
Ross of Pitcalnie is supposed to represent the ancient line of Balnagowan,
the present Baronets of Balnagowan being in reality Lockharts.
In 1745 the fighting force of the clan was 500 men.
The obituary notices for August 1884 contain the death of " Mr George
Ross of Pitcalnie, in Ross-shire, and Amot, in Kincardine, aged eighty-one.
Deceased was the last representative of the ancient Earls of Ross, and was
chief of the Clan Ross." He was succeeded by a grand-nephew.

SSOH

ROSS (HUNTING)

DUKE OF ROTHESAY

THE ancient castle of Rothesay gave title to the first dukedom which
existed in the Scottish peerage, and continues the title to the British
sovereign's eldest son as a collateral for Scotland to that of Prince
of Wales for England. The dukedom of Rothesay was created in a solemn
council held at Scone in 1398, and conferred on David, Earl of Carrick, Prince
and Stewart of Scotland, and eldest son of Robert III., and when David in
1402, fell a victim to the ambition of his uncle, the Duke of Albany, it was
transferred to his brother James, afterwards James I. of Scotland. An Act
of Parliament passed in 1409, declared "that the lordship of Bute with the
castle of Rothesay, the lordship of Cowal with the castle of Dunoon, the
earldom of Carrick, the lands of Dundonald with the castle of the same, the
barony of Renfrew with the lands and tenandries of the same, the lordship of
Stewarton, the lordship of Kilmarnock with the castle of the same,
the lordship of Dairy, the lands of Nodisdale, Kilbryde, Narristoun, and
Cairtoun, also the lands of Frarynzan, Drumcall, Trebranch, with the fortalice
of the same ' principibus proimogenitis Regam Scotise successorum nostrorum,
perpetuis futuris temporibus, uniantur, incorporentur, et annexantur.' " Since
that period the dukedom of Rothesay in common with the principality and
stewartry of Scotland, the earldom of Carrick, the lordship of the Isles, and
the barony of Renfrew, has been vested in the eldest son and heir-apparent
of the sovereign. In the event of the first born dying without an heir, the
right passes to the sovereign's eldest surviving son ; and when the sovereign
has no son or heir-apparent, it reverts to the sovereign in person as the
representative of an expected prince.

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THE RUSSELLS

THE surname Russell is generally understood to be allied to the French
Rosel and would indicate a connection with russet, red.
The family of Russell of Aden in Aberdeenshire descends from one
Rozel, Rosel or Russell, an English baron who accompanied Edward III.
at the siege of Berwick and battle of Halidon Hill in 1333 and settled in
Scotland, being designed Russell of that ilk. In 1600 Alexander Russell of
this family purchased property near Elgin, and his son Patrick Russell, who
married a sister of Archbishop Sharp, in 1680 bought part of the lands of
Moncoffer, Banffshire, which were sold by his grandson Alexander Russell,
who on his part purchased Aden and other estates in Aberdeenshire.
Of the family of Russell of Ashiesteel, Selkirkshire, two members have
distinguished themselves by their military services, namely Colonel William
Russell of Ashiesteel, who when lieutenant of the 79th led the storming
party at the siege of Manilla, and afterwards as Adjutant-General of the
Madras army, was engaged in all the memorable expeditions in India, under
Clive, Coote, Lawrence, etc., and his son Major-General Sir James Russell,
bom in 1781, who served in the East Indies from 1799 to 1825, commanded
a brigade of cavalry at the battle of Mahedpoor, and in 1837 was nominated
K.C.B. He died in 1860.

RUSSELL.

RUTHVEN

DOUGLAS in his Peerage begins this family with a person named Thor,
who lived in the reign of King David I. His great-grandson was
Walter de Ruthven, who lived in 1239. His descendant was Sir
William Ruthven, created Lord Ruthven in 1488, who had two sons: (1)
William, Master of Ruthven, who died in his father's lifetime, leaving a son,
William, second Lord; (2) William of Ballindean, whose grandson Patrick
was created Earl of Forth in 1642, and Earl of Brentford in 1644, but died
without issue 1651. The second Lord Ruthven was father of Patrick, third
Lord, and also of Alexander Ruthven of Freeland. The third Lord took a
leading part in the murder of Rizzio, and died in 1566. He was succeeded
by his son William, fourth Lord, who was created Earl of Gowrie in 1581.
He was executed in 1584, after the "Raid of Ruthven," and his titles forfeited.
His eldest son was restored as second Earl, but died unmarried 1588, being
succeeded by his brother John, third Earl, who in 1600 was killed by the
King at Perth. His honours were forfeited and the name of Ruthven
"abolished." This was in consequence of the "Gowrie Conspiracy."
Alexander Ruthven of Freeland, mentioned above, was grandfather of Sir
Thomas Ruthven, created in 1651 Baron Ruthven of Freeland; but this title
is supposed to have ended with the death of his son, the second Lord, in 1701.
Various descendants of the sisters of the last Lord have assumed the title, but
as they are not Ruthvens they need not be referred to here.

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SCOTT

War Cry : — "A Bellendaine. "

UCHTREDUS filius Scoti lived in 1130. He was father of Richard,
who is said to have had two sons — Richard, ancestor of the Scotts of
Buccleuch, and Sir Michael, ancestor of the Scotts of Balweary.
From Richard, the eldest son, descended Sir Richard, who married the
heiress of Murthockstone, and died 1320, leaving a son Michael, father of
two sons, Robert and Walter of Synton. Robert's great-grandson was Sir
Walter, who had two sons. Sir David of Branxholm, and Alexander of
Howpaisley. Sir David had two sons : (1) David, whose great-great-grandson,
Sir Walter, was created Baron Scott of Buccleuch, 1606 ; and (2) Robert
ancestor of the Scotts of Scotstarvit. The first Lord Scott died in 1611,
and was succeeded by his son Walter, who was created Earl of Buccleuch,
1619. The Earl was succeeded by his son Francis, second Earl, who died
1651, leaving two daughters : (1) Mary, Countess of Buccleuch, who married
Walter Scott of Highchester, created Earl of Tarvas for life. On her death,
without issue, the title went to her sister (2) Anne, Countess of Buccleuch,
who married James, Duke of Monmouth, natural son of King Charles II.
On their marriage they were created Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch, 1673.
The Duke of Monmouth was beheaded 1685, when his English titles
were forfeited. He left two sons, James, styled Earl of Dalkeith, and
Henry, created Earl of Deloraine, 1706, whose line ended with the death
of the fourth Earl, 1807. James, Earl of Dalkeith, dying in his father's
lifetime, his son Francis became second Duke of Buccleuch, who was
succeeded by his grandson Henry, third Duke, who also succeeded
to the Dukedom of Queensberry, The third Duke left two sons ; the
younger, Henry, succeeded to the Barony of Montagu ; the elder, Charles,
became fourth Duke. His grandson is William, sixth and present Duke
of Buccleuch and Queensberry, whose brother, Henry John, was created
Baron Montagu of Beaulieu, 1885. We now return to Alexander of Howpaisley.
His descendant in the eighth degree was Francis of Thirlestane, who was
created a Baronet, 1666. He was succeeded by his son. Sir William, second
Baronet, who assumed the name of Napier, on his marriage 'ft'ith Elizabeth,
Mistress of Napier. His present representative is Francis, ninth Lord
Napier and Ettrick. Walter Scott of Synton, mentioned at the beginning
of this article, was ancestor of Walter of Harden, whose grandson, Walter,
third of Harden, had two sons ; the younger, Hugh, was ancestor of the Scotts
of Gala ; the elder, Walter, was the father of Sir William, fifth of Harden,
who had a number of sons. The eldest, William, died without issue ; the
second. Sir Gideon, was father of Walter, Earl of Tarvas, above named,
whose great-grandson by his second marriage, Hugh, succeeded to the
40

Scott — continued.
Barony of Polwarth, and is now represented by Walter Hugh, Baron
Polwarth. The third son of Sir William, fifth of Harden, was Walter of
Raeburn, who left two sons ; the elder, William, is now represented by
Robert Scott of Raeburn ; the younger son, Walter, was great-grandfather
of Sir Walter Scott, the author of " Waverley " (see Maxwell).
There now remains to be described the family of Balweary. Sir Michael
Scott was great-grandfather of another Sir Michael, who was known as the
wizard. His descendant. Sir William, was taken prisoner at Flodden, 1513,
and was succeeded by his son. Sir William of Balweary, who died, leaving
two sons. From the elder, another Sir William, descended David Scott,
who succeeded to the Baronetcy of his aunt's husband, James Sibbald, and
his grandson is the present Sir Francis David Sibbald Scott, Bart., of
Dunninald. The younger son, Andrew, was great-grandfather of John
Scott of Kirkstyle, created a Baronet. 1761, whose descendant is the present
Sir William Monteath Scott, Bart., of Ancrum.
Bellendean, near the head of the Bothwick Water in Roxburghshire, was
the gathering place of the clan Scott in times of war ; for which purpose it
was very convenient, being in the centre of the possessions of the chiefs of
this name. " A Bellendaine ! " is accordingly cited in old ballad books as their
gathering word or war cry.

SCOTT.

SCOTT (HUNTING).

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SHEPHERD

THIS is doubtless one of the oldest checks we possess ; nor is it confined
to any particular district in the Highlands or Lowlands. It ha«
ever been associated with pastoral life, as the designation indicates
It is usually composed of black and white, but sometimes brown is substituted
for black. In the Highlands the housewives preferred to use wool from black
sheep rather than dye the wool black, as it wore better and presented a finer
shade. For dyeing black they used alder-tree bark — Gaelic, " Riisg Fearna,"
dook-root — Gaelic, " Bun na Copaig," and water-flag root— Gaelic, " Bun an
t-Seilisdeir." The infusion of the water-flag root is so dark that in some
remote parts of the Highlands it has been used as a substitute for ink.

SHEPHERD.

THE CLAN SINCLAIR

Clan Pipe Music : — "The Sinclairs' March."
Badge : — Conusg (Whin or Gorse).

THE Clan Sinclair, it has been maintained, is not, strictly speaking,
a Celtic clan, the surname being originally of French origin. William,
son of the Comte de Saint Clair, a relation of the Conqueror of
England, came over with him in 1066, and soon after settling in Scotland,
became progenitor of all that name in the kingdom ; and many charters
granted by Robert I. to William de Sancte Clair of the Roslin family are
recorded in Robertson's Index,
William Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, son and heir of Henry, Earl of Orkney,
by JEgidia, daughter of William Douglas, Lord of Nithsdale, and the Princess
^gidja, daughter of Robert II., founded the collegiate church of Roslin, near
his castle there, in 1441. He was Lord High Treasurer of Scotland in 1445,
and Ambassador to England, on his return from which, in 1456, he was made
Earl of Caithness. He married Lady Margaret, daughter of Archibald, Earl
of Douglas, Duke of Touraine and Marshal of France, who was slain at
Verneuil in 1424. He died before 1480, and was succeeded by his son
William, second Earl of Caithness, who was slain at Flodden with a great
number of his clan.
John Sinclair, third Earl of Caithness, was killed during an insurrection
in Orkney in 1529. His son George, fourth Earl, was one of the peers who
sat on the trial of the Earl of Bothwell in 1568.
He died at an advanced age in 1583, leaving by his countess, Elizabeth, of
the House of Montrose, John, Master of Caithness ; George, who was ancestor
of the Sinclairs of Mey ; and three daughters.
John, the Master, left sons, who were ancestors of the Sinclairs of Murkle
and Ratter, and dying before his father in 1577, was succeeded by his eldest
son George, fifth Earl of Caithness, who lived to a great age, and died in
1643. George, sixth Earl, had no children ; and finding himself very deeply in
debt, he executed a disposition to Sir John Campbell of Glenorchy, his chief
creditor, of his titles and property in 1672. On his death in 1676, Sir John
assumed, illegally, the title of Earl of Caithness ; but George Sinclair of Keiss
was not disposed to submit to this alienation of his rights, and took possession
of the property, and asserted himself as Earl of Caithness.
Glenorchy raised his clan, and marching into Caithness, obtained a
victory over the Sinclairs, near Wick. He placed garrisons in the country
tc! secure it ; but Keiss prosecuted his claims in Parliament at Edinburgh.
Campbell had to relinquish his schemes, and to pacify him was created Earl
of Breadalbane.

The Clan Sinclair — continued.
George, seventh Earl of Caithness, died without issue in 1698, and his
honours devolved on John Sinclair of Murkle, next heir male, and lineally
descended from Sir James of Murkle, second son of John, Master of Sinclair,
whose eldest son succeeded him in the estate of Murkle, while his second,
Francis, entered the Swedish army and obtained high rank.
John, eighth Earl, married a daughter of the" Earl of Hyndford, and died
in 1705. His successors are shown in the Peerage. Besides the Francis
Sinclair, above named, four others of the clan attained rank in the army of
Gustavus Adolphus — John Sinclair (brother of Caithness), Lieutenant-Colonel
of Monro's regiment, killed at Newmarke ; David Sinclair, Colonel of Horse ;
and George Sinclair of the Sinclair regiment, massacred at Kingellan in 1612.
Among the many cadets of this family are the Sinclairs, Baronets of
Ulbster. In 1603 George, Earl of Caithness, made a disposition to. his
cousin, Patrick Sinclair, of the lands of Ulbster, and his brother John
succeeded, from whom the present Baronet is descended. The Right Hon^
Sir John of Ulbster in 1794 raised a Fencible Regiment, and he was the first
who extended the services of these troops beyond Scotland.
Henry Sinclair (or St. Clair) of Dysart and Ravenscraig was raised to the
Peerage as Lord Sinclair in 1488, and was the first of the peers of that line.
The Sinclairs of Herdmanston were another branch of the Sinclairs of Orkney,
dating back to the days of William the Lion in 1163,
The Sinclairs, Baronets of Stevenston, are a branch of the Sinclairs of
Roslin, The Sinclairs of Longformacus were created Baronets in 1604, The
first was an advocate. His son married Jean, daughter and heiress of Sir
John Towers of Inverleith, an ancient family long connected with the city of
Edinburgh. ,
The Sinclairs of the West, especially of Argyllshire, do not seem to have
any connection with the Sinclairs of Caithness. In the West they are called
in Gaelic " Clann-na-Cearda " — Children of the Craft, or craftsmen. The
general name for craftsman, or gold and tinsmith, was in Gaelic "ceard,"
whence the surname Caird. Records and documents of the fifteenth aud
sixteenth centuries abound with the name M'Nacaird (Glenlochy, 1590),
M'Necaird, and M'Nokerd (Blade Booh of Taymouth, 1594-1561). In Islay
M'Nokard, M'Nakard (1688, 1733). In Islay and Argyll generally it still
exists as " Mac-na-Ceirda," and this is Englished by the Norman name of
Sinclair. Referring to the evolution of this name, Dr MacBain, Inverness, who has
made a special study of Highland names, remarks : The explanation, though
simple, discloses some popular ingenuity, if not humour. In the course of
inflection the name Sinclair when borrowed into Gaelic as it stands becomes
Tinclair, pronounced like Scotch "tinkler," a caird, and in looking about for
a suitable equivalent or translation for " M'Na-cearda,'' popular fancy hit upon
what was at once a translation and an equivalent — " M'Na-cekrda," translated
into Scotch Tinkler, and passing by a law of Gaelic phonetics into Sinclair
(Mac-an-t-Sinclair).

SINCLAIR.

SINCLAIR (GREEN).

THE CLAN SKENE

IN Aberdeenshire the ancient family of Skene always held the rank of free
barons, and took their name from the castle of Skene, in the Earldom
of Mar, which was in their possession from the thirteenth century till
1827, when, by the death of the last Skene of that Ilk, the estates passed to
his nephew, the Earl of Fife, whose mother was Mary, daughter of George
Skene of Skene.
Tradition asserts that the Skenes are descended from the Robertsons of
Struan, and that the first of them was so called from having killed an
enormous wolf that endangered the life of Malcolm III. in the Royal Forest
Stocket with his Skene (or dagger) only. Hence the family and clan arms
are gules, three dirks or Skenes supported by three wolves' heads ; crest, an
arm holding a garland ; supporters, two Highlandmen ; motto, Virtatis regia
merces. In 1318 King Robert I. by charter granted to his beloved and faithful
Robert Skene the lands and Loch of Skene (Nisbet's Heraldry).
In 1488, 23rd January, a plea is moved between " Alexander Skeyn of
that like and Thomas Lord Erskine " (Acta Dom. Auditorum).
In 1513 Alexander Skene of that Ilk fell at Flodden.
A branch of the old family of Skene, designed as of Curriehill, in the
Parish of Colinton, were said to be in some way connected with the Royal
family. John Skene of Curriehill came prominently forward as an Advocate
in the reign of James VI.
In 1594 he was appointed Lord Clerk Register, an office which he seems
to have shared with his son James in 1598. Three years before that, he was
one of the Eight Lords Commissioners appointed to look after the King's
Exchequer, "properties and casualties." He is best known in Scottish
legal literature by his treatise He Verborum Significatione and his folio
edition of the Regiam Majestaiem, which was printed at Edinburgh in 1609,
and is a collection, as its title page bears, of " The auld lawes and con
stitutions of Scotland, faithfullie collected furth of the Register; and other
auld authentic Bukes, from the Dayes of King Malcolme the Second, vntill
the time of King James the First.''
His son. Sir James Skene of Curriehill, succeeded the Earl of Melrose as
President of the Court of Session in 1626. At what time he was made a
Baronet is unknown.
Alexander Skene of that Ilk appears in 1633 in the Book of the Annual-
rentaris for Aberdeenshire, together with Alexander Skene, of Drumbreck,
Gilbert Skene of Dyce, and James Skene of Ramoir.
In 1641 Andrew Skene of Auchtertool was dubbed Knight at Holyrood
by Charles I.
At Auchtertool an old house called Camilla is referred to in the "First

The Clan Skene — continued.
Statistical Account" in 1793 thus: "Its ancient name was Halyards when
it belonged to the Skenes ; and it is said to be the rendezvous of the Fife
Lairds at the insurrection in the year 1715.
In November 1680 Fountainhall records that a man named James Skene
was sentenced to be hanged "for disouning the King."
A brother of Skene of that Ilk, George Skene of Auchterairne, in 1687
married Mary, daughter of Sir Robert Montgomerie, the third Bart, of
Skelmorlie. Amdng the notable Scotsmen of the nineteenth century William Forbes
Skene will hold a foremost place. He was born in Kincardineshire in 1809,
and died in Edinburgh in 1893. He was the author of Celtic Scotland
(3 vols.). The Highlanders of Scotland, The Four Ancient Boohs of Wales
(2 vols.), and Chronicles of the Picis and Scots. In 1881 he was appointed
Historiographer-Royal for Scotland.

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THE ROYAL STEWARTS

Pipe Music: — Gathering — "Bratach Blian nan Stiiibhartach " ("The Stewarts' White
Banner"). March — "Thainig mo Righ air tir am Muideart" ("My King has landed at
Moidart "). Lament — "Cumha 'Phrionnsa TeJirlach " ("Lament for Prince Charlie ").
Badge : — Darag (Oak) ; Cluaran (Thistle), the present national badge.

THE first ancestor, so far traced in these islands, of this gallant and
royal race, which for five centuries drew from the Scottish people
instances of love, loyaltj', and devotion, even to the death, such as
no other Royal house in Europe can boast, is a Breton noble, Alan, a cadet
of the ancient Counts of Dol and Dinan in Brittany. Crossing to England,
he was appointed Sheriff of Shropshire by Henry I., and by his eldest son,
William Fitz-Alan, he became ancestor of the Earls of Arundel and Dukes of
Norfolk, etc., while his second son, Walter Fitz-Alan, was the progenitor of
the House of Stewart. Walter crossed the border, and received from King
David I. the office of Great Stewart of Scotland, an office subsequently made
hereditary in his family. He is chiefly notable as the founder of Paisley
Abbey, which he and his successors endowed in such munificence as no other
private family has equalled. An Alan and a Walter carry on the line to the
time of Alexander II., this second Walter being the father of (1) Alexander,
his successor, and (2) Walter, created Earl of Menteth in right of his wife,
by whom he became ancestor of the Stewart and Graham Earls of Menteth,
Strathearn, and Airth. This ancient branch of the Stewarts is to-day
represented by Sir James Stuart-Menteth, third Baronet of Closebum in
Dumfriesshire. Up till this time the family had no surname (surnames being then hardly
known), but Walter, the third Stewart, assumed as the family surname the
name of his office, which was then invariably pronounced Stewart, instead of
Steward as at present. In this way it will be seen that the old, and, in the
circumstances of its adoption, the correct form of spelling for the race as a
whole, is Stewart. The form Stuart is traceable to the old alliance between
Scotland and France, the first on record to use it being Sir John Stuart of
Darnley (ancestor of Henry, Lord Darnley), who became a French noble, and
died in the French service about 1429. The form Steuart also originates in
the same cause, owing to the absence of the letter "w" in the French
alphabet. Alexander, the fourth Stewart, and his brother Walter, Earl of Menteth,
led the right wing of the Scottish army at the battle of Largs in 1263, where
the Danish power in Scotland was finally shattered. Alexander left two
sons, James, his successor, and Sir John, who fell at the battle of Falkirk in
1298, commanding the Scottish army which there opposed Edward I. of
England. From James, descended the Royal Stewarts (through the marriage
41

The Royal Stewarts — continued.
of his son Walter with the Princess Marjory Brus), while from his brother.
Sir John, descend the well-nigh innumerable Stewarts known as the Bonkyl
branch, and embracing the Earls of Angus, the Earls and Dukes of Lennox,
the Earls of Galloway, Atholl, Buchan, and Traquair, the Lords of Lorn and
Innermeath, Blantyre, Mountjoy, and Blessington, the Stewarts of Appin,
Grantully, Allanton, Fort Stewart, Castlemilk, Physgill, Shambellie, Tonder-
ghie, etc.
Walter, the sixth Stewart, at the age of twenty-one, led his vassals to
Bannockburn, where, along with his cousin, " the Good Sir James of Douglas,"
he commanded the "thrid battale," as Barbour calls it, of Brus's army.
In the following year he married the Princess Marjory Brus, by whom he
had one son, Robert, who ultimately ascended the throne as Robert II.
Walter died at the early age of thirty three, and his son was destined to a
life of danger and enterprise not exceeded by the romantic career of his
descendant Prince Charlie. At the age of sixteen he fought at the head of
his vassals at the battle of Hallidon Hill, where the Scottish army were totally
defeated and the country's independence well-nigh lost. He was outlawed
and his lands and office confiscated. But, raising his banner, his followers
rallied to him, and he drove the English out of his ancestral lands, while the
other Scottish nobles joining forces, he gradually recovered the lost ground,
and was appointed Regent of Scotland before he was more than twenty-one;
Although his uncle, David II., reigned in person in Scotland for about eighteen
years, the Stewart was the virtual ruler from about 1338 till his death in
1390. On his uncle's death in 1371 he ascended the throne as Robert II.
He left a numerous family of sons, but there is now no single legitimate
male descendant of any of the Stewart kings. The direct male line absol
utely failed with James V., whose daughter Mary married Henry, Lord
Darnley, who, singularly enough, was the senior male representative of the
Bonkyl branch, and by this union their son, James VI., was thus not only
the heir male (through his father) of the High Stewarts of Scotland, but also
heir-of-line (through his mother) of the main stem. Male descendants again
failed on the death of Prince Charlie and his brother, the Duke of York, and
the male representative of the race is to-day uncertain, though the claims of
the Earl of Galloway are best supported. There are, however, many illegiti
mate lines of the Royal family still surviving — e.g., the Marquis of Bute, from
a son of Robert II. ; the Earls of Moray and Castle Stuart and the Stewarts
of Ardvorlich, from natural sons of the House of Albany ; the Shaw-Stewarts,
from a son of Robert III. ; the Stewarts of Ballechin, from James II. ; the
Stewarts of Strathdon, Garth, Atholl, Strathspey, etc., from sons of the Earl
of Buchan (son of Robert II.) ; and the Dukes of Buccleuch, Lennox and
Gordon, Grafton, and St. Albans, from Charles II. ; and the Duke of Berwick
and Alba (Spain), and Fitz-James (France), from James II.
To preserve the history and memory of the race a Stewart Society has
recently been formed in Edinburgh, the Hon. President of which is the Earl
of Galloway, the Secretary being Mr J. K. Stewart, 10 Waterloo Place.

STEWART (ROYAL).

PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD

Pipe i)/i6Sjc :— Salutes — "Fkilte 'Phrionnsa'' ("The Prince's Salute") and "Fkilte Righ
Seumas" ("Welcome to James VL"). Laments — "Cumha 'Phrionnsa Tekrlach"
("Lament for Prince Charlie") and "Cumlia Eigh Seumas an seathamh" ("Lament
for .James VI. "). Badge : — Darag (Oak) ; Cluaran (Thistle).

THIS tartan, which is associated with the memory of that unfortunate
Prince, whose name is still a household word in Scotland, is nowise
different from the Royal Stewart, except that the broad red stripe in
the latter is very much contracted.
His achievements and adventures in the ever-memorable campaign of
1745-46 are too well known to be referred to here, but his last days and
funeral may be less so.
"To the last his heart was with Scotland," and with those who suffered
and perished in that lost cause, which has filled the land with song and
melody. On the 30th of January 1788 he died in the arms of the Master of Nairn.
His funeral obsequies were celebrated on the 3rd of February 1789 in the
¦cathedral of Frescati, of which See his brother, the Cardinal Duke of York,
was Bishop. The church was draped with black and gold lace and silver
tissue, which, with the many wax lights, gave it a very solemn aspect. On
the walls were many texts from Scripture emblazoned. A large catafalque
was erected on steps in the nave of the edifice, on which lay the Prince's
ooffin, covered by a superb pall, whereon lay the Garter, George, and St.
Andrew, which are now in the Castle of Edinburgh. It was embroidered
with th'e arms of Britain. On each side stood gentlemen, servants of the
deceased, in mourning cloaks, with wax tapers, and within a square formed by
the troops in Frescati.
At 10 A.M. the old Cardinal came to the church in a sedan, and, seating
himself at the altar, began in a broken voice to sing the office for the dead.
^' The first verse was scarcely finished when it was observed that his voice
faltered, and tears trickled down his furrowed cheeks, so that it was feared
he would not have been able to proceed; however, he soon recollected him
self, and went through the function in a very affecting manner, in which
manly firmness, fraternal affection, and religious solemnity were happily
blended." So with that solemn scene ended many a century of stirring Scottish
history. From thenceforward the reigning family were prayed for in the Scottish
Episcopal Churches.
The monument by Canova, erected in St. Peter's at Rome, to him, his

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THE STEWARTS OF APPIN

War Cry : — " Creag-an-Sgairbh " ("The Cormorant's Rock"— on which is built "Caisteal
an Stalcaire " (Castle Stalker)).
Clan Pipe Music :— Salute— "Earrach an Jiigh 's a Ghleann" ("Lovely Spring in the Glen").
Gathering— ' ' Bratach Bhin nan Stiubhartach " ( " The Stewarts' A\^hite Banner "). Marches
—"Gabhaidh sinn an Rathad-m6r"(" We'll take the High-way"); " Thainig mo Righ air
tir am Muideart " ( " My King has landed at Moidart ").
Badge : — Darag (Oak) ; Cluaran (Tliistle).

ALTHOUGH the word "clan" is sometimes ignorantly or carelessly
applied to Stewarts in general, only in regard to a branch — the
Stewarts of Appin — can it be appropriately used. The other lines.
Highland or Lowland, acted independently or under the feudal chief of their
district — the Appin Stewarts alone had the characteristics of a Highland
clan, being governed on patriarchal lines and following an hereditary chief.
Their ancestor was Sir James Stewart, third son of Sir John Stewart (of
Bonkyl), killed at Falkirk in 1298 (see Royal Stewarts). Sir James Stewart
was a distinguished Scottish patriot, and for his services received from Brus
a grant of the lands of Pierston and Warwickhill, in Ayrshire. He fell, along
with his brothers. Sir Alan and Sir John, at Halidon Hill in 1333. On the
forfeiture of the MacDougalls for adherence to the English interest, their
Lordship of Lorn passed, with the hands of the two co-heiresses, to the two
brothers. Sir John and Sir Robert Stewart, in the line indicated. Sir John
obtaining the whole Lordship subsequently by exchanges of land, and as
Lords of Lorn his descendants thus figured for several generations, A
younger son of the family was Sir James Stewart, "the Black Knight of
Lorn," who married Queen Joan, widow of James I,, by whom he had two
sons, who were created Earl of Atholl and Earl of Buchan respectively bj'
their half brother, James II. The Stewart Earldom of Atholl passed, by
failure of male heirs, to the Murrays of Tullibardine through marriage with
Lady Dorothea Stewart, heiress of James, sixth Earl of Atholl. The Earldom
of Buchan, in like manner, passed from the Stewarts first to a Douglas of
Loch Leven, and finally to a son of the Earl of Mar, with whose descendants,
the Stuart-Erskines, it still remains. From Alexander Stewart, second Earl
of Buchan, sprang the Earls of Traquair.
On the death of Sir John Stewart, last Lord Lorn, the Lordship of Lorn
passed to the Campbells. Sir John had three daughters, married respectively
to Campbell of Lochawe, Campbell of Glenorchy, and Campbell of Ottar.
He had also a son, Dugald, by a lady of the Clan MacLaren, in Balquhidder.
This lady he decided to marry in order to legitimate his son, but the
Campbells, whose interests were of course materially affected by such a
project, procured his assassination by one of the MacDougalls. The murder

The Stewarts of Appin — continued.
took place on the wedding day in the chapel of Dunstaffnage Castle. The
Campbells formerly alleged that Lord Lorn was murdered before the mar
riage was completed, while the Stewarts and MacLarens maintain that the
marriage was duly completed on his deathbed, and that Dugald was, con
sequently, fully legitimated, and entitled, as his father's heir, to the Lordship
of Lorn. But the lands were obtained by his uncle, Walter Stewart, by an
enforced compromise, and he at once transferred them by arrangement to
the Campbells, all except Appin or Upper Lorn, where Dugald Stewart had
established himself, and, with the aid of his father's friends and his mother's
clan, made good his possession by the sword. Needless to say, Dugald's
descendants — the Stewarts of Appin — and the Campbells regarded each other
as hereditary foes, and the national upheavals always found them ranged on
opposite sides — the Stewarts naturally espousing the cause of their Royal
kinsmen, and the Campbells as invariably the other. After Flodden the
lands of Appin were parcelled out by the Chief, Alan, third of Appin, amongst
his sons, the ancestors respectively of Appin, Strathgarry, Achnacone, Inver
nahyle, and Fasnacloich. Strathgarry became extinct. Appin, too, termin
ated, as regards male issue, in the person of the tenth Baron, and they had
to go back to the fifth of that line to find the youngest cadet branch, that
of Ardsheal, whose representative then became Chief The other branches
are still represented, though Achnacone, of the senior cadet branch, alone
retains his paternal lands. In the wars of Montrose, Dundee, "the '15," and
"the '45" the Stewarts of Appin were always amongst the first to take the
field in the Royal cause, but with the last-named event their star began to
set. In the interval, one chieftain after another has been compelled to part
with his lands, till Achnacone now is the only part of their ancient Lordship
of Lorn in the hands of a Stewart of Appin.
The present chief of the clan is Robert Bruce Stewart, Esquire, who, as
the Registers of the Lyon King describe him, is now " Stewart of Lorn,
Appin, and Ardsheal."
The vicissitudes of this gallant race have been beautifully enshrined by
the Ettrick Shepherd in his song, "The Stewarts of Appin," the concluding
verse of which is no inappropriate elegy : —
" They are gone ! they are gone ! the redoubted, the brave,
The sea breezes lone o'er their relics are sighing ;
Dark "weeds of oblivion shroud many a grave
AVhere the unconquered foes of the Campbells are lying.
But long as the grey hairs wave over this brow,
And earthly emotions my spirit are "wrapping,
Tliis old heart witli tides of regret shall o'erflow
And bleed for the fall of the Stewarts of Appin.
" Ochbin an Righ, and the Stewarts of Appin,
The gallant, devoted, old Stewarts of Appin,
Their glory is o'er,
For their star is no more,
And the green grass waves over the heroes of Appin. "

STEWART (APPIN).
(DONALD N'AN ORD's).

OLD STEWART

Glati Pipe Music: — Salute — " Earrach an iigh 's a Ghleann "(" Lovely Spring in the Glen").
Gathering — "Bratach Bh^n nan Stiiibhartach" ("The Stewarts' White Banner"). March
— "Thainig mo Eigh air tir am Muideart" ("My King lias landed at Bloidart").
Badge : — Darag (Oak) ; Cluaran (Thistle).

^HIS tartan has been known for more than a hundred years as the
"Stewart" tartan, and is supposed to' have been worn in former
times by such families as the Stewarts of Grandtully, etc.

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STEWART (OLD).

HUNTING STEWART

Badge :— Darag (Oak) ; Cluaran (Thistle).

ALTHOUGH we have failed to trace the history of this tartan, or fix the
date of its introduction, as it has long been a favourite with the
people of Scotland, we thought it right to preserve in this work a
record of one of the most beautiful tartans associated with the Royal
Stewarts. Hunting tartans were not unusual with the more important families, the
object being to have a design which would harmonise more closely with the
landscape than the ordinary dress tartan. It is needless to say that the
Stewart kings, and, indeed, all branches of the Stewarts, were keen sports
men, devoted to hawk and hound. They had innumerable hunting forests
and hunting seats, but the best known to-day is Castle Stalcaire (commonly
spelt Stalker) in Appin, built by the chief of Appin as a royal residence
for the sovereign while hunting in Lorn.

STEWART— HUNTING.

THE ATHOLL STEWART

Badge : — Darag (Oak) ; Cluaran (Thistle).

THIS tartan is not to be confused with the dark green tartan commonly
known as the Atholl tartan, which, properly, belongs to no family
but is purely a district or local tartan used by Atholl men generally,
particularly Stewarts and Robertsons, who formed the bulk of the population.
The ancient Earldom of Atholl was held by several of the Stewarts, notably
Robert II. (before succeeding to the throne), his son Walter, and his ill-fated
grandson, David, Duke of Rothesay. The title was ultimately conferred by
James II. on his half-brother. Sir John Stewart of Balveny (see Stewarts of
Appin), but in addition to this branch there were also the Stewarts of Ballechin
(descended from James II.), Grantully (from Lorn), and numerous offshoots
of Garth (from Alexander, Earl of Buchan, son of Robert II.), such as Kyn-
achin, Fincastle, Foss, Tulloch, Urrard, Derculich, Edradynate, etc.
The Atholl Stewarts were credited with a fighting strength of 1000 men,
and reputed amongst the most disaffected to the Orange and Hanoverian
successions. During the reign of William of Orange " 1500 Atholl men as
reputed for arms as any in the kingdom " joined the Marquis of Tullibardine
to take part with Viscount Dundee. But on learning that Tullibardine designed
to take the opposite side, they at once put themselves under the command of
Steuart of Ballechin and set off to join Dundee's forces. In the subsequent
battle of Killiecrankie they took a leading share, Ballechin's hand at the end
of the day being so swollen that he could not extricate it from the basket
hilt of his broadsword. At Culloden, the Atholl men and Camerons formed
the right wing, and completely routed the Hanoverian regiments opposed to
them, but being left unsupported through the failure of the offended Mac-
donalds to charge on the left, and taken in flank and rear, both by artillery
and musketry, they had to cut their way back again with a loss of twenty
officers killed and nearly half of the rank and file killed or wounded.
The red tartan here illustrated is believed to have been the distinctive
tartan of these Atholl Stewarts. It is copied from a Highland dress worn by
a Stewart from Atholl during the '45, and still in the possession of a descendant.
This Highlander had a remarkable resemblance to Prince Charles Edward, and
some time after Culloden was taken prisoner while at work on his farm under
the belief that he was the hunted Prince himself. He obtained his release
through his skill on the bagpipes (which of itself would have been sufficient
to indicate the mistake), but which further led to his identification by an
officer in Cumberland's army who recognised the music.

STEWART (ATHOLL).

STEWART (ATHOLL).

STEWARTS OF BUTE

Badge : — Darag (Oak) ; Cluaran (Thistle).

THE Stewarts of Bute descend in a direct male line from Sir John
Stewart, a natural son of King Robert II. He is designated in
history "The Black Stewart" to distinguish him from Sir John,
"The Red Stewart," of Dundonald, his half brother.
He received the office of heritable Sheriff of Bute with a salary of
£6, 13s. 4d. a year — at that time, however, no inconsiderable sum.
From him descend the present Marquis of Bute, the Earl of Wharncliflfe,
and other cadets of the Bute line.

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STEWART (BUTE).

THE DRESS STEWART

Badge :— Darag (Oak) ; Cluaran (Thistle).

IT is uncertain on what authority this tartan has been named the "Dress
Stewart," which it certainly is not now, the Royal red tartan being that
used on dress or ceremonial occasions, while the "Old," "Hunting,"
etc., tartans are most used on ordinary occasions. Charles II. is said to have
sometimes worn shoulder knots of a tartan similar to this, which may have
occasioned the name. It owes its prominence as a Stewart tartan to-day to
the favour of Her late Majesty Queen Victoria. (See Victoria.)
James VI. of Scotland and I. of England left, with other children, a daughter,
Elizabeth, who married Frederick V., Duke of Bavaria, Elector Palatine of the
Rhine. His youngest daughter, Sophia, married in 1658 Ernest Augustus,
Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburgh, Elector of Hanover. The son of the Elector,
George Lewis, became King of Great Britain and Ireland as George I., and
died in 1727, leaving behind him a son, afterwards George II. He was
succeeded by his grandson, George III., who left thirteen children, two of
whom succeeded to the throne under the titles of George IV. and William IV.
The fourth son of George III., Edward, Duke of Kent, married in 1818
Victoria Mary Louisa, daughter of His Serene Highness, Francis, Duke of
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield. His daughter, Alexandrina Victoria, on the death of
her uncle, William IV., ascended the throne on the 20th June 1837 as
Queen Victoria. She died in 1901, and His present Majesty King Edward
is now the representative of this branch of the Stewarts.

43

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STEWART (DRESS).
STEWART TARTAN
(BLACK GROUND AND BLACK AND WHITE)

THIS and the following tartan (Black and White) and (Black Ground)
are not strictly entitled to be called Stewart tartans, being simply
variations in the colouring of the " sett " or pattern of the main
design— the Royal Stewart. Neither of them is in any way associated with
the history of the Stewarts, and are purely modern inventions.

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STEWART (Black & White),

STRATHEARN

THIS is evidently a district tartan. The strath which gives it its name
is situated in Perthshire. It commences on the east border of
Balquhidder parish at the head of Loch Earn and expands into
brilliant strath in the western vicinity of Crieff, and thence in opulence of
lowland beauty, proceeds into mergence with Strathtay at the mouth of the
Earn. With Menteth it formed the ancient province of Fortrenn, and was
the seat of an ancient Celtic earldom. It formed a stewartry in the hands of
the Earls of Perth, till the abolition of heritable jurisdictions in 1748, and it
gave the title of Duke, in the peerage of Scotland, to His Royal Highness
the Duke of Kent, father of the late Queen Victoria.
With reference to this tartan Messrs Smith of Mauchline, in their
Authenticated Tartans of the Clans and Families of Scotland (1850), remark,
"When the Duke of Kent was commandant of the '1st Royals' (1812), a
piece of old tartan called the 'Strathearn Tartan' was sent to Messrs
Wilson, Bannockburn, with orders for clothing of a similar pattern to be
made for the gallant corps, accordingly this Regiment was for a time dressed
in this tartan."

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STRATHEARN.

THE CLAN SUTHERLAND

War Cry : — " Ceann na drochaide bige " (" A bridge at Dunrobin ").
Clan Pipe Music: — "Piobaireachd nan Catach." Gathering — "The Sutherland's Pibroch"
("Spaidsearachd an larla Chataich"). March — "The Earl of Sutherland's March."
Badge : — Calg-bhealaidh (Butcher's Broom), or Canach or canaichean (Cotton Sedge).

THIS tribe is descended from the remnants of the Celtic population who
retired before the Scandinavian invaders ; and Hugh, designed the
son of Friskin, is said to have obtained a charter of the clan territory
from William the Lion in 1197, and was the founder of the powerful line of
Sutherland. To this Hugh, Douglas gives several predecessors, taken from
Gordon's History of Sutlierland, and other writers.
Hugh's son William was created Earl of Sutherland before 1236, and
died 1248.
William, second Earl of Sutherland, in the reign of Alexander II., won
another victory over the Danes and Norwegians at a place called Ree-cross,
where the Danish leader was buried. William, third Earl, fought at Bannock
burn, and was one of the nobles who in 1320 signed the famous letter to the
Pope, asserting the independence of the Crown. His son. Earl Kenneth, fell
in defence of his country at Halidon Hill.
Robert, sixth Earl, fought at Otterburn ; and Nicholas, the seventh earl,
had a long and rancorous feud with the MacKays, which he bequeathed to his
son Robert.
John, twelfth Earl of this long line of warriors, fought at the battle
of Corrichie in 1562, and was banished in consequence of his attachment to
Queen Mary. The fifteenth Earl was made Lord Privy Seal in 1649, and
Colonel of a regiment of 1200 men, raised in the North to avenge the death
of Charles I. His grandson John, seventeenth Earl, joined William of Orange,
and led a regiment of foot.
William, nineteenth Earl, was a Captain in the 56th Regiment of the
line, in 1759, when an invasion from France was threatened. He proposed to
the Ministry to raise a battalion among his own clan and followers, which was
readily accepted. He completed the regiment in two months, and it remained
in the service till the conclusion of peace. The fighting force of the clan was
given at 2000 men in 1745.
He left issue, an only daughter, Elizabeth, Countess in her own right,
who married George Granville, Marquis of Stafford, and was ancestress of
the Dukes of Sutherland. She held the Earldom for seventy-two years and
seven months, dying in 1839.
" One thousand men of Sutherland have been embodied four or five years
together, at different periods— fr&m 1759 to 1763, from 1773 to 1779, and
from 1793 to 1798 — without any instance of military punishment."

The Clan Sutherland — continued.
The Lords Duffus, the first of whom was created in 1650, are a branch of
the Sutherland family, and latterly suffered much for their loyalty. Eric,
Lord Duflfus, who died 28th August 1768, was the son of Kenneth, Lord
Duffus, who succeeded his father, the second Lord, in 1715 ; and having been
engaged in the insurrection of 1715, made his escape, and was provisionally
attainted by the Act I. George I., Session i. ; after which he was taken at
Hamburg, brought to London, and committed to the Tower in 1716; but
being next year released by the Act of Grace he served as a flag-oflficer in
the Muscovite fleet. He married Charlotte, daughter of Eric de Sioblade,
Governor and Admiral of Gottenbnrg, in Sweden, by whom he had Eric
above mentioned, who married Miss Dunbar, daughter of Sir James Dunbar
of Hempriggs, Bart., by whom he had two sons.
The honours of the family were restored by Act of Parliament on the
26th May 1826.
The burial place of the old Earls of Sutherland was at the Church of
Golspie, in the wall of which is a plain stone bearing the following epitaph : —
"/ji hoc diruto ccemeterio Sutherlandia plurimorum comitum cineres
conquiescunt." The Church was transferred from Culmalie to Golspie in 1619.
A Clan Sutherland Society was formed in Edinburgh in 1897.

SUTHERLAND.

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SUTHERLAND (OLD)

THE CLAN URQUHART

Badge :— Lus Letb-an-t-Samhraidh (Wallflower, Gillyflower).

THIS clan takes its name from the district so called in Ross-shire.
The Urquharts of Cromarty were hereditary sheriffs of the old
county of Cromarty, nearly all of which originally belonged to them.
There are several charters to persons of the name in Robertson's Index.
Among them, one to Adam Urquhart, under David II. (1340-70), of the lands
of Fohestery in Buchan, cum Fortyre ; one to Ada Urquhart of C[r]ombathie,
given by Hugh Ross ; another to the same, and one charter under the same
monarch, "confirmans concessum per Willielmum Comitum de Ross," of
certain lands, dated at the castle of the Lord of Urquhart, 4th July 1342,
and among the witnesses was Adam de Urquhart.
In 1449 a Thomas Urquhart was Bishop of Ross. In 1463 Helen
Urquhart, daughter of Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromarty by his wife, a
daughter of Lord Forbes, was married to James Baird of the Baird family.
In some accounts of the battle of Pinkie, 1547, it is stated that there fell
the seven sons of Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromarty. If so, their names are
not given in the Douglas " Baronage."
The last Dean of Ross in 1585 was Alexander Urquhart. He was
deprived of his post in that year, and the rents bestowed upon Robert
Monro of Foulis's son Hector.
In the Roll of Landlords in 1587, John Urquhart of Craigfintry and
Culbo appears as guardian to his grand-nephew, afterwards Sir Thomas
Urquhart of Cromarty, father of the famous knight of the same name.
John, called the Tutor of Cromarty, built Craigston Castle about the years
1604 and 1607. He married the heiress of Seton of Meldrum.
Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromarty, if he did not reside in the parish of
King Edward, seems to have taken an interest in it ; for the inscription on
the massive silver communion cups shows that they were a joint present from
him and John Urquhart of Craigfintry, the former name of Craigston.
In the army of Gustavus Adolphus, under date 1626, we find Colonel
John Urquhart of Cromarty, "a valiant souldier, expert commander, and
learned scholar."
In 1649 the Castle of Inverness was nearly demolished by Sir Thomas
Urquhart of Cromarty and other cavaliers. He was one of the most quaint
writers of the seventeenth century, and is chiefly known as the translator
of Rabelais. He was knighted by Charles I. at Whitehall, and accompanied
the Scottish army to Worcester in 1651. Sir Thomas was author of several
works. One contained a "True Pedigree and Lineal Descent of the most
ancient and honourable Family of Urquhart, since the Creation," not the
44

The Clan Urquhart — continued.
least quaint of the eccentricities of which was the statement that his ancestor
was born in the Ark ! He was too good a churchman to go quite so far as
the Maclean who boasted that his ancestor weathered the Flood in a boat of
his own. His poetic work, Epigrams : Divine and Moral, contains some good
things, among the best being this on Woman ; —
' ' Take man from woman, all that she can show
Of her own proper, is nought else but wo. "
He was in continual monetary difficulties, and his estates were forfeited
during Cromwell's rale. How and where he died is unknown. The Cromarty
estates shortly after came into the hands of the Mackenzies, and now is a
Peerage. In 1678 the Laird of Cromarty and Alexander Urquhart of Newhall were
Commissioners in Parliament.
In 1680 there were complaints laid before the Council against his kinsmen,
Urquhart of Meldrum, commanding a troop of the King's Horse.
Mary, daughter and heiress of William Urquhart of Craigston, married
William Pollard, and their son, Francis Pollard-Urquhart, now has Craigston
Castle. Major Beauchamp Colclough-Urquhart, of Meldrum and Byth, Aberdeen
shire, was head of the family, but he died as the result of wounds received at
the battle of Atbara, 1898.

URQUHART.

URQUHART (OLD).

VICTORIA

THIS tartan was designed in honour of Her late Majesty Queen
Victoria, and bears a strong resemblance to the Dress Stewart
pattern. Her Majesty had a decided fondness for tartan, as is
evinced by the fact that she had a tartan of her own designed by the Prince
Consort, and called "The Balmoral Tartan," which has long "occupied a
conspicuous position in the dress and appointments of the Royal Family and
its retainers when these partake of a Highland character." (See Balmoral.)
The late Queen Victoria was born on 24th May 1819. She was crowned
28th June 1838. She married the Prince Consort in February 1840. Her
jubilee was celebrated in 1887, and her "Diamond Jubilee" in 1897. She
died at Osborne 22nd January 1901 in her 82nd year, having reigned for
sixty-three years and seven months.

VICTORIA.

WA L L AC E

THERE is no dispute as to the meaning and form of the name Wallace ;
it comes from the Latin form Wallensis or Walensis (cf burg-ess
from burg-ensis, and Francis). Wallensis is parallel to Anglo-Saxon
Weallise or Welsh now. The surname Waleis or Galeis was common in
England about 1300, when Henry Waleis was Lord Mayor of London. The
English form is now Wallis (Walays in thirteenth century), which means
simply "Welsh-man." But in Scotland Walensis meant a Strathclyde Briton,
as we see from the old proclamations of Kings Malcolm and William to the
people of the Glasgow Diocese (from Clyde to Solway), which is headed thus :
^^ Francis et Anglicis, Scotis et Galweiensibus et Walensibus"; that is, "To
Norman, French and English, Soots (coasts of Ayrshire, etc.), Galloway men
and Britons (of Strathclyde)." The Scottish Wallace is, therefore, a native
name meaning a Strathclyde Briton, and not, as is usually supposed, a
Welshman coming in the train of the Norman French. The name arises
naturally in the thirteenth century on the western borders — Ayrshire and
Renfrew — of the old Welsh kingdom, which now marched with the coasts
of these counties and Galloway. Early in the thirteenth century Henry
Walays acquired some lands under the Stewarts in Renfrewshire. These
lands were inherited by Adam Walays, said to have been living in 1259.
This Adam Walays had two sons — Adam, who succeeded to the estate of
Riccarton, Ayrshire ; and Malcolm, who received the lands of Elderslie and
Auchinbothie, Renfrewshire, and was the father of Scotland's great hero. Sir
William Wallace. Scotland's hero was bom about 1274 or 1276. He was
captured in 1305, tried for treason, and hanged at Smithfield, London.
The Wallaces of Craigie, Ayrshire, are descended from Sir Richard Wallace
of Riccarton, uncle of Sir William Wallace. Sir Richard's grandson, John
Wallace of Riccarton, married Margaret, daughter and heiress of Sir John
Lindsay of Craigie. His son, Adam Wallace, was designated of Craigie.
Prom the Riccarton family also descended the Wallaces of Kelly, Renfrew
shire.

WALLACE. (OLD)

WEMYSS

THE family of Wemyss claims descent from a younger son of the
Macduff's, the old Earls of Fife, who obtained from his father the
lands of Wemyss, in Fife, about 1160. His descendant. Sir John
Wemyss of Reres and Kincaldrum, living 1373, had three sons: David, his
successor ; Duncan, from whom descended the Wemyss of Reres ; and Alex
ander, ancestor of Wemyss of Kilmany. The grandson of the eldest was
Sir John Wemyss, whose fourth son, Thomas, was ancestor of Wemyss of
Wintbank. The eldest son of Sir John was Sir David, who fell at Flodden
1513, leaving three sons: Sir David, James, and Robert of Caskyberry and
Lathrisk. The eldest son. Sir David, was father of Sir John ; James,
ancestor of Wemyss of Caskyberry ; and David, ancestor of Wemyss of Pit-
kennie. Sir John was father of Sir David ; John, from whom descended
Count Wemyss ; and Gavin, ancestor of Wemyss of Wintbank. The eldest
son, Sir David, had : (I) Sir John, father of Sir John, created a Baronet in
1625, Lord Wemyss of Elcho in 1628, and Earl of Wemyss, Lord Elcho and
Methil in 1633; (2) Sir James, ancestor of Wemyss, Baronet of Bogie;
(3) David, from whom descended Wemyss of Fingask; (4) Henry, ancestor
of Wemyss of Foodie ; (5) Patrick, from whom descended Wemyss of Rumgay
and Craighall. The second Earl died in 1679, leaving a daughter, Margaret,
Countess of Wemyss, who married her kinsman. Sir James Wemyss of Casky
berry, who was created Lord Burntisland in 1672. Their son, David, became
fourth Earl, and married the eldest daughter of the Duke of Queensberry.
Francis, eighth Earl of Wemyss, succeeded, on the death of the fourth Duke
of Queensberry in 1810, to the Earldom of March, aud his grandson is the
tenth and present Earl.

WEMYSS.

PLATE XIII.

Mackinnon

Maclachlan

PLATE XIV.

Macnab

Macnaughton

PLATE XVI.

Menzies

Montgomerie

PLATE XVII.

Napier

Ogilvie

PLATE XX.

Skene

Stewart
(of Appin)

Stewart
(Earl of Galloway)

^lM£UflEJiJ Stewart
(Royal)

Stewart
(Earl of Atholl)

Stuart
(Marquess of Bute)

PLATE XXI.

Urquhart

Wallace

Wemyss

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