YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

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THE ARGONAUT S SOLILOQUY.
See page 342.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA
BEING THE REMINISCENCES
OF SCENES AND INCIDENTS THAT OCCURRED IN
CALIFORNIA IN EARLY MINING DAYS
BY
A PIONEER
And believing- that it willbe of some historical value as well
as of interest generalfy to know the names of those who
were the first to venture forth in the search of gold, and
by whose energy and labor the foundations of a great state
were laid, and also a s;eneral prosperity created through
out the entire country, I have therefore prefixed to the
work the names of those that I have been able to obtain,
numbering abotit 35,000, and including among the-m the
names of several thousand who are now living in the
various States of the Union.

TEXT AND ILLUSTRATIONS DRAWN FROM LIFE
BY C. W. HASKINS.

PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR, BY
FORDS, HQ-WARD & HULBERT
NEW YORK
1890

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the yeai 1889, by
C. W. HASKINS,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C.

R, Pierce & Co., Printers, 53 Lafayette Place, N. Y.

TO THE
SURVIVING MEMBERS OF THE
ADVANCE GUARD
OF GOLD HUNTERS,
THE CALIFORNIA PIONEERS
AND THEIR DESCENDANTS,
WHO ARE NOW LIVING THROUGHOUT THE
UNITED STATES,
THIS BOOK
IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED
BY THE AUTHOR.

PREFACE.
While residing in the village of Kingston, located upon the Coeur
D'Alene River in the silver mining regions of northern Idaho
during the winter of '87-'88, and being compelled to remain within
doors during the winter in consequence of the great depth of snow
and intense cold, in order to pass away the time I amused myself by
writing an account of scenes and incidents that occurred in Califor
nia in early days in the mining regions, and which came under my
observation. These events are written entirely from memory, but
I have endeavored to give as near as possible the correct date of the
events and incidents mentioned, as well as their location and names
with all of which I was familiar. As to the the correct description
of scenes and events, I ask the remnant of that band of sturdy
Argonauts who laid the foundation of a great State to bear me
witness.
C. W. Haskins.

Index to the Names of the Forty-niners.

Members of the various Pioneer Associations in the U. S.
who are now living, ...... Page 360
Forty-niners residing in various parts of the Union who
do not belong to any Association, ... " 385
Survivors of Col. Stevenson's Regiment, ... " 394
Forty-niners now living in the Atlantic States, . " 395
Forty-niners who went over-land to California, . " 395
Forty-niners who sailed from City of N. Y., . . " 414
Forty-niners who sailed from the States of Massachusetts,
Rhode Island and Connecticut, .... " 453
Forty-niners who sailed from New Orleans, Philadelphia,
Baltimore and other Southern ports, ... " 476
From various Eastern ports, ..... " 495

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Frontispiece."Hello, Bill!"
The Start for California.
Brazilian Music.
The Swell at Cape Horn.
An Able Seaman.
Forty-niners at the Hotel in Lima.
The Operatic Shark.
The Prolific Topmast.
The Calm.
Neptune's Orchestra.
The Bullwhacker.
" Ye Done it Weel."
The Dandy Miners.
Smoked Out.
The Frisky Flapjack.
Hangtown in '49.
"None in Mine."
The Industrious Prospectors.
"I Shust Nose It."?
Bulling the Mine.
"Ther, Ther, T,other One."
The Ducks Take Water.
Dutch Charley.
Dan Boone and the Bear.
The First Rat in Hangtown.
Rats in Sacramento City.
The First Young Lady in the Mines.
The Spartan Mother.
The Boys Aloft.
Emigration of '50.
The Howly Fragment.

The Argonaut and His Mule.
The Steamboat Runners.
The Miners' Meeting.
On His Trail.
"I'v Shtruck it, Thin."
The Sailor Boy.
The Chap Who Insulted a Lady.
The Claim Jumper.
The Art of Self-defense.
Didn't Believe in Compromise.
The Disgusted Speculator.
"Write Often, Boys."
The Jack Tars on the Hill.
The Geological Lecture.
Old Nick's Grand Entree.
A California Cyclone.
Only Two Days in the Mines.
A Simile.
Female Influence Illustrated.
Not Ready to Go.
The Voice of Old Dick.
Big George, and the Road Agent.
"There She Comes, Boys.!"
Miners' Comfort.
"Dis am a Free Kentry, Massa''
Coasting in Idaho.
Law and Order Triumph's.
Charley, the Female Stage Driver.
Hank Monk in Time for Lunch.
The Picket Guard.
The Gambler's Charity.
The Road Agent Outwitted.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

From Fry-pan to the Fire.
A Newcomer.
Force of Habit.
The Deserted Camp.
Syd's Last Prospect.
Skunked.Ruined Castles.
Meeting of the Old-timers.
An Unexpected Festival.
The Gold-saving Machine.
Tex Gives Satisfaction.
Not Raising Mutiny but Sugar.
It'l Be Our Turn Next.
Bob the Fiddler.
The Power of Music.
Old-timers in the Hall.
Phantoms of the Old timers.
Sam Plunket and the Indians.
The Bear in a Quandary.
The Power of Beauty.
The Bean-pot Comet.
Dick Arnold to the Rescue.
The Brave Policeman.
A New Motor.
The Plum-duff.
Donkey Instinct.
Tex and the Alcalde.

'49 Mosquitoes.
The Bear and the Prospector.
Sharpshooters. Discovery of the Old River Beds.
Lost in the Mountains.
Nature's Lullaby.
Discovery of Red Hill Gold.
Bob Lost a Fortune.
The Surprise.
Curiosity Satisfied.
Mining Ground Transformed.
"Is it Me Agint ?"
"No More Frontier in Ourn!"
Not that Kind of Bird.
The Tarantula in the Boot.
The Boston Boy and His Bugle.
Found His Brother.
Kanakas at Work.
The Flight of Time.
The Miller Taking Toll.
Yank Revisiting Old Scenes.
Coasting in Idaho.
Town of Wallace.
A Flush Hand.
The Mississippians.
The Return East.
"Good Morning, William."

CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I— The News. Looking Forward. The Start.
CHAPTER II— Arrival at St. Catherina. American Pluck. The Four
Brave Tourists.
CHAPTER III— A Gale. The Ocean Swell. Cape Horn. The Ma
gellan Cloud. The Native Tradition.
CHAPTER IV— Arrival in Callao. The Relics of the Earthquake. The
Frolic with the English Officers. Target Shooting. The Calm.
Water Spouts. The Shark.
CHAPTER 'V — The Arrival in San Francisco. Gold Machines. Going
to the Mines. The Bullwhacker. Arrival in Hangtown. The
View from the Hill.
CHAPTER VI— Business in the Mines. The Various Mining Camps.
Physicians in Camp. Dr. Rankin. Coloma. Process of Mining.
The '49 Emigration. Sauerkraut. Female Influence Illustrated.
CHAPTER VII— The Kanakas. The Dry Diggings Deserted. Ad
mission of the State. Scarcity of Reading Matter. The Cost of
Letter Postage. The Ingenious Bartender. Prices of Drinks. Cele
brating the Fourth of July. Hard Characters.
CHAPTER VIII — Climatic Changes. Appearance of Familiar Herbs.
Rats. The true Theory. Fall Emigration. The Johnson Cut Off.
The Target. The First Young Lady. A Spartan Mother. The
Boys Up a Tree.
CHAPTER IX— Sickness in the Mines. .Earthquakes. The Steam
boat Men. A Miners' Meeting. Lucky Bill. Kit Carson. The
Financial Condition of the Miners. Australian Mike and His Tin
Can. Portuguese Jo. The Divining-rod.
CHAPTER X— Where the Rich Placers were Found. Miners' Super
stition. The Blue Clay Deposit. Gold Machines.
CHAPTER XI— The Indian War. A Change in the Social Conditions.
The Desperado. The Sailors. The Mines Worked Out.
CHAPTER XII— Mining Speculators. The Lost Brother. Gambling.
A Generous Gambler. An Important Discovery. Beginning of
Fruit Culture and Wine Manufacture in California. The First
Church Organization in the Mining Regions. " Old Nick" and
His Animals. " Old Syd."

8 CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIII— Emigration of '51. Churches Erected. Mines De
serted. The Chinese Miners. Hill, River and Quartz Mining.
Nature Frowns. The Course of Events Change. Fruit Raising.
Prospecting. On the Homestretch.
CHAPTER XIV— The Discovery of Silver in Nevada. The Stage
Road. Hank Monk. Road Agents. The Parson. The Stool
Pigeon. Spirits. The Boys Who Captured the Thief. A Young
Dick Turpin. The Irishman and the Road Agent.
CHAPTER XV— Where are the Pioneers ? The Overland Stage. Pony
Express. The Sound of War. A Wet Winter. The Hotel on the
Road. The Railroad.
CHAPTER XVI— The Forty-niner. Syd at the North Pole. The
Homes of the Old-timers. The Remains of the Cabins of the
Forty-niners. Panning out the Old Cabins.
CHAPTER XVII— Meeting of the Old Timers. The Buckeye TunneL
The Best as It is. Bozer Who Got Skunked. The Hydraulic
Miner. Mike's Explanation. ¦' '-,
CHAPTER XVIII— Why are so Many of the Old-timers so Poor ? The
Uncertainty of Mining. Tex and Barton Lee. Tex and the Hound.
Tex on Board the Steamer. Tex at Golgona.
CHAPTER XIX— Tennessee's Letter from Tex. The War in Chili
Gulch. Sam Brown and the Chap with the Mild Blue Eyes. Sam
Birown and the Policeman. Old Kentuck and Sleepy Ben,
CHAPTER XX— Yank Visits the Old Mining Camp. Yank Seated
Upon the Boulder. The First Loaf of Bread. The Bean-pot
Comet. How Julius Sailed Up the River. Jeff's Plum Duff. The
Stone Statue. The Old Miner Who was Robbed on Board the
Steamer. The Cceur d'Alene Mines. Coasting.
CHAPTER XXI— Their Names Unknown. The Types of Men in the.
Mines. Pike Illustration of Missouri Character. Bob the Fiddler.
The Power of Music Ilhistrated. John Kelley the Musician. Joe
Bowers. Jeff Visits Pioneer Hall. Old Miners in San Francisco.
CHAPTER XXII— Pioneer HaU. "^Oid 'Mike Explains. Something
Wrong. The Business of Mining. "Mike's Philosophy. Yank at
the Bay. The Expressman and the Broom Pedler. Lucky Bill
and the Gamblers. Sam Plunket the Arkansas Beauty.
CHAPTER XXIII— Bill Burnes Lynching the Colored Man. Dick
Arnold. The Mining Regions. The Old-timers Disperse. The
Phantoms of the Forty-niners. Forty Years have Passed. The
Argonaut's Soliloquy. The Great Changes. The Flight of Time.
The Number of Pioneers Now Living.
CHAPTERXXIV—" Good Morning, William." The Return. Great
Changes.

The Argonauts of California.

CHAPTER I,

The News — Looking Forward — The Start.
IN the winter of '48 I resided in New Bedford, Mass. I had a
chum. What boy has not ? My chum's name was Bill. He had
been absent from New Bedford for a few months, and on meeting-
him, a few days after his return, I greeted him with: '

" HELLO, BILL ! "
^' Hello, Bill! Have you heard the news ? "
"No; what isit?"
"Well; while you were away, the news came that a man in Cali-.
fornia, named Marshall, has made the discovery that there's lots of

IO THE ARGOKfAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Gold out there. He found a big chunk of it where he was at
work." "You don't say so! What's he going to do with it; did he say ? "
" That has nothing to do with the case. There's the greatest ex
citement here, you ever heard of. Not only here, but all over the
country, on account of the discovery. Thousands of men are get
ting ready to go out there. A lot of ships down at the wharves are
being fitted out for the voyage, and they are going to- take passen
gers cheap. Now what do you say to going along ? "
Bill did not seem to enthuse nearly as much as the occasion
would warrant, for said he,
"Well, now; I don't see what reasons you can give for suppos
ing that there's more gold there, simply because this man found a
chunk of it."
"But, Bill," said I, with undampened ardor; "don't you under
stand the scientific nature of it ? Isn't it likely that there must be
lots more of it scattered about? Besides, the volcanic character of
the country is very favorable for that kind of a product, you know."
Bill smiled skeptically, and gave me the benefit of his geological
knowledge as follows:
"Oh, yes, I know. The gold is thrown out from the bowels of
the earth, where it's manufactured, by the volcanoes and scattered
about on the tops of the mountains. Then along come the earth
quakes and shake it down among the grass roots and bushes in the
valleys, where you expect to scrape it up by the bushel."
" Oh, well, it may prove to be, as you say, a wild goose chase,
after all; but there's a ship, now at the wharf, right from San Fran
cisco, and orie of the sailors, who seems to be a real honest chap,
told me that the country was chock full of gold. He said that after
they had hoisted up the anchor to start home he scraped the mud
off the anchor and washed more than five pounds out of it — "
"Of what— mud?"
"No, of Gold; Real Gold!"
"Oh, pshaw! Do you believe that yarn?"
"Why, of course I do! Sailors are noted for their veracity."
"Nothing of the kind. They have the reputation of being the
biggest liars on earth; especially when out on the water and the wind
blows hard."
Still true to my colors, I protested.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. li
"That's impossible."
" No, 'tis not, for if you were sailing a ship out at sea and the
wind blew real hard, you'd lie too."
Bill's levity fell upon unappreciative soil. I was too much in
earnest, and resumed:
" I'm bound to go out there, Bill, if I don't pick more than a
hatful of gold in a day. There's nothing like trying, you know.
But, what's the use of going after gold, you say? Well, now, isn't
that what we are all after, and nearly crazy to get? And, isn't it
easier to go to a country where you can scrape it up from the ground
or pick it out from among the grass by-the bucketful, than it is to
toil and sweat and worry through a long life here?"
I cannot now remember whether Bill was just a little cynical, or
simply echoed the opinions of some of the wiseacres of that. day
when he parried my query with,
" There's plenty of money in the country now, and more is un
necessary. What are you going to do with it all ?"
"That's a singular idea," I answered. "Do you suppose it's
possible to have too much money in the country ? Such old, puri
tanical notions about money are ridiculous. You and I haven't too
much and we could use a few millions to good advantage, if we had
them. And if it should prove true that lots of gold can be found in
California, you'll live to see this country step to the front among
nations in wealth, prosperity and enterprise."
In my ardor I had risen to unwonted heights of eloquence.
Bill thought that there was enough enterprise in the country,
already. I assured him that when we began to send gold back from Cali
fornia in ton lots, the various enterprises would boom to an extent
never before witnessed in the world.
Bill had, however, taken the negative side of the issue and fired
another broadside at me:
"Yes, but Jo, aren't you going it a little too fast in anticipating
such big things ? For my part, I don't believe that there's enough
gold in all of California to do all that. 'Twould take bushels of it,
you know."
Upon confirmation of the news of the discovery of gold in Cali
fornia, all was commotion in the various seaports of the Atlantic
coast. Vessels of all sizes and descriptions, from the small, 50 ton

12 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
fishing smack, that would be compelled to crawl along near the shore,
up to the noble clipper ship, that was able to contend with the ele
ments in mid-ocean, were fitted up with conveniences for passengers
in greatest haste. Many vessels sailed early in the year of '49 f*^'^
the Eldorado. It was not, however, until the spring that the gra.nd
stampede commenced. By April 1, in '49, 50,000 good, able-bodied
men, and a few women, all desirous of bettering their condition and
acquiring wealth in a much easier and quicker method than by the
old-fashioned, slow and plodding methods of their ancestors, were
upon their way to the other side of the continent, willing to en
counter the danger from Indians or starvation, whilst an equal num
ber preferred to risk the dangers of a journey by sea to the land of
gold. In company with about one hundred others, we took pas
sage in the clipper ship "America," Capt. C. P. Seabury, from the
port "of New Bedford, Mass. On the morning of the i st of April, the
fact was announced that all must be on board at 10 a. m. The an
chor was raised from its muddy bed below; the sails were unfurled
to the breeze; the bow of our boat swung round a bit and pointed
out toward the billows in the big ocean beyond. We bade farewell
to friends who accompanied us out to the light-house; and, with
hearty wishes from them that we might meet with the greatest suc
cess in our venturesome undertaking, sailed out upon the broad
ocean in the direction of Cape Horn. We watched the green hills,
with which we had been familiar from early childhood, as they
vanished from sight below the horizon, and wondered then if 'twas
so ordained by the powers above, that we would soon be enabled to
return again to these familiar scenes of our boyhood days with our
pockets lined with tin (and some of us still continue in the same
busmess, at the old stand, of wondering).
Our passengers, being unaccustomed to the situation, soon felt
very peculiar sensations produced by the motions of the vessel. We
sought the entrance to the basement, into which we managed to
make our way in an oblique kind of a style, and retired to our sleep
ing apartments, there to remain until we deemed it safe to again
climb out upon the roof of the vessel.
We were satisfied in a few days that we were very fortunate in
our selection of a vessel for the voyage, for we found that she was -
a strong, staunch one; a fast goer, with a good crew and commanded J
by an expert seaman, who understood his business. Fortunately for \

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

14 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
us, perhaps, we had as passengers a number of old veteran (retired)
sea captains, who were always very ready and willing, without re
muneration, to give our captain all necessary advice, at such times
when, in their opinion,' he needed it. When, in their opinion, there
was danger of the ship sailing too fast, they would advise him to
take down some of the big sails; or, again, when the wind was too
high, they would become aware at once of the danger of the; ship
running under, front end foremost, and at such times they would
advise the captain to stop her. Under such conditions, where there
were many men of experience keeping their weather eyes open for
emergencies, it is evident that we, the passengers, felt perfectly se
cure from danger, and could sleep without fear.
During the voyage we amused ourselves, no doubt, in the same
manner as passengers of vessels usually do, by various games.
There were an assortment of musical instruments, and card playing
was an amusement much in vogue; but a few of the younger pas
sengers of a sporting tendency, would bet upon the speed of the
ship and the number of miles we would sail upon the succeeding
day. Some of the older ones, however, of a more elevated character,
who were above such petty amusements, would practice at leap-frog
upondeck during pleasant weather. When the weather was other
wise they would pass their time below, in betting with each other
upon the number of plums they would be able to find in their re
spective rations of .duff, and many were enabled to enjoy double
rations at the table in consequence. In the opinion of many of the
older passengers, one very important fact had been, overlooked in
our great haste to start for the golden shores of California, and that
was, the failure to make suitable provision for the storage of gold
dust. This was, indeed, an oversight, for nothing had been pro
vided suitable for the purpose. It therefore taxed the ingenuity of
the older ones, and many were the devices proposed. One ver'y in
genious and sanguine individual commenced the manufacture of
leather pouches from old boot-legs or from pieces of canvas, main
taining that these would be found the most convenient. Another
insisted that good, strong, stone ale bottles were far superior for
stowing the finer grades of dust, and such was his faith in them that
he had actually brought two or three dozen with him. But where is
the limit to genius or the faculty of adaptation to conditions, for if
no other person had appeared upon the stage with a superior device

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 15
for the purpose, the inventors of the boot-leg pouch and of the ale
bottle devices would have divided the honors between them for their
ingenuity. The possession of an older head with greater experience,
however, suggested that although leather pouches and beer bottles
might answer very well, they would probably be found very incon
venient to handle on account of the great specific gravity of gold.
He therefore suggested that the best way to pack the gold dust, and
the best means of handling it, would be to put it into empty pork
barrels, for these could be rolled with ease and of course would be
more convenient for shipping. The greater portion of the passen
gers saw at once the superior advantages of the pork-barrel idea,
and resolved to adopt that method.
One old gentleman spent his time in the construction of a dredg
ing machine for raising the sand from the river beds, and for ex
tracting the big nuggets from among the rocks at the bottom ; whilst
another one busied himself in making sheet-iron scoops, to which
long poles were to be attached. His idea was to take his station
under the shade of a tree, upon the river bank, scoop up the rich
golden sands and extract the gold from it upon dry land, without
the danger of being sun struck or wetting his feet. Many of the
more intelligent ones among our passengers kept a daily record of
scenes and incidents during our voyage; but so much of this class
of literature has been h-eretofore brought before the public that a
report from any of them would not be of much interest at this time.

CHAPTER II.

Arrival at St. Catherina — American Pluck — The Four Brave
Tourists.
IT having been decided by the Captain of our vessel, at the re
quest of many of the passengers, that we visit some port upon
the coast of Brazil, upon consulting the sailing directions of Lieut.
Maury, it was found that in order to do so it was necessary to first
visit the coast of Africa, to take advantage of the trade winds. The
ship's course was therefore directed towards the Continent of Africa,
at which portion of our planet we arrived in good time; and 'twas
not until we found that the dust from that continent was accumulat
ing upon our clothing and other articles on ship board, that our
Captain concluded we were near enough to the African coast. Our
good ship was, therefore, turned around and the bow pointed towards
South America. With a fair wind we crossed the ocean again, and
on the 20th of May sailed into the port of St. Catherina and dropped
anchor under the guns of the fortification located on the summit of
a hill near the town.
We found lying at anchor here the steamer " Senator," on her way
to California, as well as two or three other vessels loaded with pas
sengers from the United States for the same destination. An inci
dent in which the passengers of these vessels took a very prominent
part occurred a few days previous to our arrival, and is worth relat
ing, as it illustrates the type of American character which consti
tuted the advance guard of the California pioneers, and proves that
the Americans will submit to no indignity from a foreign race, if
they possess the power and means of resenting it.
A young man, a passenger of one of the vessels, was assassinated
by a native, but for what reason was not known, although supposed
to be from jealousy. The Americans demanded the arrest and
punishment of the assassin, but no attention was paid to the de
mand, and no efforts were made for the murderer's arrest, since he
had slain only an "Americano." It may be of some interest to

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 17
those of the human family who have adopted the great American
Eagle as their emblem, to know that' at this period in their history —
40 years ago — when iron clads were unthought of and monitors, un
known, this nation of people were not held in very high esteem by
the various governments and peoples of the South American conti
nent, for the reason that their ports were but very seldom visited by
our ships of war, only upon certain isolated occasions, when the
American sloop of war " St. Marys," or some craft of similar dimen
sions, would put into these Southern ports. For this reason, they
seemed to be impressed with the idea that, in comparison with Eng
land, with the monster ships of war with -which they were all familiar,
the United States were of little consequence and small potatoes gen
erally. As a consequence, a demand for the arrest for the murderer
of the young American was treated- with contempt; but they were
dealing now with the passengers of three or four ships who were on
their way to California — a crowd of Americans who were determined
to have the culprit arrested and punished at all hazards. The Gov
ernor of the province, beginning to be alarmed by their demonstra
tions, for they had threatened tb capture the fortress upon the hill
and to bombard the town, despatched messengers instantly to the
Emperor at Rio Janeiro for assistance, believipg, no doubt, that it
was the intention of these vile " Americanos " to capture the entire
country and annex it to the United States. This idea arose from
the fact, as we heard related, that the passengers from one ship did
actually enter the fortress and unfolded to the breeze the stars and;
stripes from the flag-staff, and some one, for fun or accident, had
with a piece of charcoal put iri an additional star which, of course,
represented Brazil. But peace was soon restored; the Governor had
the culprit arrested, and after a fair trial he was shot in the presence
of those who demanded his execution; and in a few days the ships
sailed upon their course for California with passengers' satisfied and
contented. We found, a short distance in the interior, a man with his family
from the State of Vermont, who had emigrated here to live in ease
and comfort upon the spontaneous productions of the soil, which
consist of oranges, bananas and other tropical fruits. He stated
that he had been induced to make his home in this tropical country
by an acquaintance who was a seafaring man, and had often visited
this portion of the earth. Through representations of the beauty

1 8 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
of the country and the little labor and exertion required to live in
ease and comfort, he had been persuaded into coming here.
"The first year was pleasant indeed," said he; "and often when
we were conversing upon the pleasures of such a life free from toil
and care, we wondered why the greater portion of those who dwelt
in the far northern New England States, amidst the snows and rains
of their severe winters, toiling and striving for the necessaries of
life, did not come to this earthly paradise. These were our thoughts
and feelings during the first year; but, after a residence of three
years in this beautiful country, with its warm sunny skies and its
luxuriant vegetation, despite these advantages, we have been forced
to the conclusion that, although the natives of the country were
adapted by nature to such conditions of existence, an American
never would be. Why, sir, I can take more sohd enjoyment and
comfort in one year among the rugged hills and rocks of old Ver
mont, where the rnaxim is work or starve, than it would be possible
to find here in a lifetime, and I intend returning to that country
again just as soon as opportunity offers."
It was here at St. Catherina, also, that we saw for the first time
in our lives diamonds in their rough state when taken from the river
beds, and which, to all appearances, are ordinary quartz pebbles,
such as are often seen upon the sea-shore. In their original state
when first formed in nature's subterranean laboratory, they are crys
tallized with proper facets and angles; but being subsequently de
posited in the beds of running streams, in process of time are
worn to a smooth surface by friction amongst the gravel of the
river. These gems possess but little value until much time and
considerable labor is expended in again restoring the worn out
facets and angles. So far as known they serve but one purpose in
their rough state, and that is to illustrate the fact that although a
man may be very careless in his style of dress, paying no regard to
the latest fashion and even with his top-coat in rags, yet he may be
a ireal nice sort of a irian for all that; a gem of the first water be
neath a rough coating. Experience illustrates the fact that this is
often the case, and for this reason it would be as well before driving
the tramp from out the back yard to search beneath his rags for the
gem that may possibly be there, or for anything else of value that
may be concealed.
We saw, also, a specimen of -the diamond miner, a few of them

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 19
having just arrived from the mines, hundreds of miles away to the
West, in the interior, to dispose of the diamonds to the merchants in
the town. One of them explained to us the manner of finding the
valuable gem : the process being similar, in some respects, to the
methods adopted in Cahfomia in mining for gold in the river-beds.
By the use of wing dams, the stream is turned, and, after shovelling
the sand and gravel from the bed rock, search is then made for what
are termed pot holes in the hard bed rock, in the bottom of which
is found the diamond, or at least it should be there, but unfortunately
this is not always the case, as all miners can testify to with sorrow.
A few miles inland was the border of the great Brazilian forest
that we had often read of in our school-boy days, and which, at this
point, approaches to within a few miles of the coast. We were
informed that a few miles within this dark forest could be found a
small lake about two miles in circumference, and that it was filled
with a great variety of creeping ferocious reptiles, such as alligators,
crocodiles, huge water snakes and water lizards. Upon its surface,
also could be seen water fowl of all kinds, and upon the branches of
trees surrounding it a great variety of birds, with the gayest plum
age, could be found. Frolicking amidst the tall grass upon its
banks would be seen a variety of wild animals, including beautiful
specimens of the frolicsome ^ Brazilian tiger. A number of us de
termined to enter this dense forest and investigate the beauties of
this wonderful lake and its surroundings ; but we were warned by
the natives that it was a dangerous undertaking, unless we procured
a suitable guide, as it was very dark and dismal within the forest ;
and furthermore, that the trails formed by the animals were so
tortuous and crooked, that there was danger of getting lost. To
our inexperienced minds, an undertaking of this nature offered
irresistible fascinations, for we were of a nation that knew no fear,
and the national characteristic being to satisfy curiosity, let the
consequences be what they may. why should we fear ? Were we
not armed with the latest discovery that the inventive genius of a
Yankee could devise as a protection ? Perhaps the animals in the
forest had not, as yet, been made aware of the fact ; but would
they not crouch in abject fear when we entered the dark trails of
the vast forest to see each of us carrying in his hand a Smith &
Wesson, duplex patent, double back action, revolver, vulgarly styled
a " pepper-box " ? Well, I should say they would, and so we

20 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
thought. Armed with this style of weapon, one pleasant morning
four of us (the bravest ones) determined to enter the forest and
beard the tiger in his lair. A native kindly volunteered to leave his
daily toil, and, for a small fee, guide us to the entrance of the
forest. We examined our weapons, drew a long breath, and in
single file, walked in the narrow trail for a short distance into the
dark abyss : then stopped, drew another long breath, and marched
out again. Not because we had any fear for our individual selves,
but for each other, for each didn't like to see the other torn into a
mass of shoe strings by an enraged tiger.
" What was that awful roaring away in there, do you reckon ? "
asked one.
" Oh," says another. " That noise was miles away. I ain't
afraid, so let't try it again."
After discharging a few shots at imaginary beasts, as a fair
warning to others away in the forest that were not imaginary, we,
again entered the dark trail and proceeded cautiously onward. The
monkeys among the branches over our- heads would follow us, and
occasionally approach near enough to endeavor to snatch our hats
from our heads. We had proceeded in this manner for about a'
mile, when a Cape Cod chap, who was in the van, suddenly came
to a stop, at the same time exclaiming in a very emphatic manner,
" Go back ! go back, quick ! " We all pressed forward, however,
anxious to see the cause of the alarm, and we saw it. A few strag
gling rays of the sun had forced their way through the thick foliage,
above, and illuminated a small patch of the trail of about two feet
in extent, and lying in this sunny spot could be discerned the head
of an enormous serpent. The body was there too, of course, but
being among the bushes it was not visible. We cared nothing for
the body, but it was the ferocious looking head that startled us.
Its eyes assumed all the colors of the rainbow. Four pairs of very
severe eyes were concentrated upon the eyes of the monster, which
seemed to realize the situation, and from a feeling of bashfulness
at being gazed upon by strangers, or, perhaps, having caught sight
of our weapons, and recognized the brand, from an instinct of com
ing danger closed its eyes. With optics partially closed, its counte
nance assumed a yery amiable expression ; but a slight movement
from one of us caused it to again raise its eyes, and made one at
least, of us wish that he hadn't come.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 21
" Oh pshaw ! " remarked a Boston chap, who had attended high
school some, " let's go ahead anyhow. You remember that Plato,
or some other fellow, said that courage was one of the virtues, or
something of the kind. Now let us prove that we are virtuous young
men. We will turn his right flank, and get to his rear easy enough."
"Oh, git out," said the Cape Cod chap ; "them form of animals
hain't got any right nor left flank at all ; nor rear end neither, ' cause
their bodies come to a point on the fur end." Just at this moment,
the monster made a forward movement and we retired in a rather
hasty manner, leaving the serpent to enjoy its sun bath.
But the reader would ask, since we were so well provided with
weapons, why in the name of Csesar didn't we massacre the brute
at once, and go on. It must have been from fear that we did not,
and so it was. We were fearful of shooting each other, for we had
practiced so little with our weapons that it had not as yet been
positively decided whether or not we should aim right at an animal
that we desired to massacre, or in the opposite direction. One of
the young men who had practiced considerably during the voyage
shooting at the big waves, and was always positive that he hit them,
somewhere, volunteered to test his skill upon the serpent, but for
fear that the noise might make' it angry and cause it to bite some of
us, he was prevented.
As we emerged from the forest, our ears were assailed with a
most unearthly screeching, that seemed to come from the open
country beyond the forest. We concluded, at once, that some
ferocious monster had by accident got out of the woods, and was
unable to find its way back again. We examined our weapons,
determined to sell our lives at the highest price, spot cash, and
marched manfully in the direction of our vessel.
The Cape Cod lad remarked, as we hurried onward, that the
screeching reminded him of a political caucus in his native town
and "the cheerman was a-tryin' to call ther meetin' to order."
Upon reaching a .slight ele-vation, we saw, in the road ahead of us,
a cart drawn by a pair of oxen, and it was from this that the noise
proceeded. We concluded, at once, that the cart contained wild
animals that were perhaps being shipped to New York for Mr.
Barnum ; but upon nearer approach we found, to our astonishment
and disgust, that the terrible Brazilian melody was caused by the
wheels upon the axles, which in this country are never greased.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

<i
U I
•AO<!

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 23
We suggested to the driver, by certain signs, that they ought to
be greased, and that it was an evidence of barbarism, and would
not be tolerated in any civilized country. "Oh no," he replied,
"Americanos no sabe. Wheels no sing : bullocks no go."
Well, 'tis no wonder they go ; anything would go from such a
noise, and never return. An army of Kansas grasshoppers would go
into the regions above and never again return to earth. The ter
rible screeching was heard also on board of the ship, and it even
suggested to our Captain that we ought to go too, and that ten days
was long enough to remain in any country where they didn't grease
their cart wheels, and we 'went. After taking on board a good
supply of tropical fruits of various kinds, with bananas in greatest
abundance, which were suspended to the ship's rigging in all con
venient places until she had the appearance of a banana plantation
going on an excursion, we sailed again out upon the broad ocean
and laid our course for Cape Horn, where we expected to arrive by
th^ middle of June.

CHAPTER 111.

A Gale — The Ocean Swell — Cape Horn — The Magellan Cloud
— The Native Tradition.
AS is very often the case in relation to human affairs, fate de
creed otherwise, and in plain, unmistakable language we heard
whispered by the gale which we encountered as it roared through
the ship's rigging, "Go slow! go slow!" And we did. About three
hundred miles from the land off the mouth of the La Platte we en
countered what all of the old salts, as well as the young, fresh ones,
declared to be the heaviest gale that it was ever our misfortune to
encounter. It came from off the coast, and of course was favorable
for us; but there was a little too much of it. The sea was smooth,
for such was the velocity and force of the gale that when a billow
attempted to assert its rights and raised its head above the general
sea level, it was instantly blown off, leaving in its place but a mass
of white and seething foam. In this manner, with our noble ship
lying to with the lee rail under water, we remained for thirteen days-
To cook was impossible, for the, reason that, at the angle at which
our galley stove cut the horizon, nothing would stay iri the dinner
pot, and we were obliged therefore to eat off-hand and at random
whatever we could get. It was now getting monotonous, and to add
to our troubles the Captain would not grant us permission to go on
shore, and it even seemed to hurt his feelings when we asked him.
On the evening of the thirteenth, the Captain, deprived of his
accustomed rations of plum duff Etnd soft tack, determined upon the
tactics which he should adopt the following day if the gale did not
abate and that was to run before the gale. This course was strong
ly objected to by the veteran skippers on board, who claimed that it
would be a most dangerous proceeding and would never be adopted
by anyone but a young and inexperienced commander. They had,
as they explained, roamed the seas over from infancy and were
well aware of the danger of running before a gale of such huge
dimensitans as we were then experiencing. They therefore strongly

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 25
protested against it and assured the Captain that in case he did
adopt that plan he must be responsible for all damages if the ship
should run under and sink away down to the bottom in the cold sea,
which they were most positive would be the case.
The Captain, however, after lying all night on the edge of his
bunk determined, notwithstanding their protestations, early the next
morning to make a break for liberty. With a firm step and with
salt water in his larboard eye, he ascended to the deck and soon the
command was heard above the roar of the tempest: "All hands on
deck !"
In a few minutes every man of us was at his post as soon as we
could find it, and when the order was given to the sailors who were
holding fast to the wheel to let her go, they did, and it flew around
in a most spiteful manner, as if conscious of its freedom. The bows
of the ship swung around with the gale and we went flying amidst
the foam upon the rough surface of the sea at a rate of speed riear-
ly equal to a railroad train, and in a few hours were again upon our
way with a fair wind and under full sail in the direction of Cape
Horn. " Well, well ! " exclaimed one of the veteran skippers, who had
predicted all kinds of disasters to the inexperienced Captain, as a
consequence of his rash proceeding, and who was now standing
near the gangway holding in his hand a well-filled carpet-bag,
and with a look of disgust and disappointment in his expectations
stamped upon his weather-beaten contenance.: "Yer come outer
that gale in good seaman style ; but if yer had only took my advice
yer'd done it more 'n a week ago."
We arrived at Cape Horn on the 4th of July, and with a fair
wind sailed around the dangerous point and entered the waters of
the Pacific Ocean. This being our national holiday, we dressed up
our vessel in appropriate attire, and with various instruments of
music, the firing of guns and pistols, celebrated the day in true
Yankee style, to the great astonishment of the seagulls, as well as
the immense flock of birds of various kinds that arose into the air
from the clefts and caverns of the massive rocks of the coast.
Just previous to our arrival at Cape Horn, much surprise had
been expressed by many, of us at the unusual heavy swell of the
sea or of the huge billows we encountered, but. had been invariably
reminded by the aged veteran seaman on board :

26 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
" Oh, pshaw ! these are nothing but ripples compared to what
you will see when you reach Cape Horn. You just wait, and blast
me eyes, but you will see them down there as high as the main
mast." The consequence was that we waited. We now turned our
attention to the heavy swells for which we had patiently waited, and
found them nearly as represented, for they were immense, and to
take a view of them from the cabin window at the stern of the ship
required considerable nerve, as it really seemed, when the stern was

a cape horn swell.
away down in the trough between the great rollers, that nothing
short of a miracle could raise the ship quick enough to prevent the
hugh billows from rolling over her. We found, however, upon
experimenting with a long rope on deck, by shaking it up and down
from one end, that in a similar manner the great billows do not
move forward upon the surface of the ocean, as they have every
appearance of doing, to the utter destruction of every object which

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 27
they come into contact with, but that they simply rise and fall. It
is this continual rise and fall of the water on the surface of the
ocean that gives it the appearance of rolling onward in the form of
huge billows.
The traditions of the native Patagonians tell us that centuries
ago a race of giants existed upon the extreme end of the South
American continent ; but whether that was their place of residence,
orthat they were there only upon a picnic excursion, is not definitely
known. It unfortunately happened, however, that while there this
great convulsion occurred, which separated the extreme end of the
continent from the main land ; and to their great astonishment, when
aroused from their slumbers early one morning, they found them
selves situated upon a high commanding eminence, at a distance
from the main land, and entirely surrounded by water. To wade
through the cold Southern sea to the main land again was out of the
question, for they had come totally unprepared for such an emer
gency, having left their rubber boots at home. They were, however,
giants, and knew their strength. Breaking the high mountain upon
which they stood into fragments of suitable size they hurled them
into the sea beyond, and using them for stepping-stones, regained
the said continent without accident, or wetting a single foot. This
is said to be the origin of those extreme Southern islands which
they named Terra del Fuego.
The end of the continent was by this convulsion broken apart,
and through this break the waters of the oceans found their way,
forming a very convenient channel for small vessels to avoid the
dangers of the Cape in passing from one ocean to the other. This
channel was discovered by Magellan.
To the extreme southern point of the solid islands of rocks is
given the name Cape Horn, around which it is difficult and danger
ous to pass in consequence of the prevailing winds, which blow
almost constantly from the west. It is at this point, also, that a
good view is had of what is called the Magellan Cloud, not so
named because Mr. Magellan first discovered it, but from the fact
that the strait which he did discover, whether by accident or
otherwise, is located immediately beneath it. At night, this cloud
has the appearance of a mass of luminous vapor floating in space
above, and such is its immense distance from our planet, that no
telescope has as yet been constructed with power sufficient to

28 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
enable our astronomers to determine its true character ; or whether
it is, as it appears, a mass of luminous vapor, or a cluster of celes
tial bodies like our own universe. Now, is it not possible that this
is another universe similar to our own, located in distant space,
and in company with thousands of other similar collections of celes
tial bodies which are scattered throughout infinite space, all moving
in one general direction, and governed and controlled by the same
ruling power ? This is possible, and that each universe is separate
and distinct from all others there is no doubt, and that to those
who are dwelling upon the yarious planets of which they are com
posed, our own universe presents a similar appearance is very prob
able. In viewing these distant collections of celestial bodies in the
firmament above, they may be very properly compared to swarms of
gnats which we often witness sporting in the sunshine.
With a fair wind, we laid our course for the port of Callao, in
Peru. A few days followed of fair wind which seemed to increase
in violence as we proceeded, until it had assumed the pro
portions of a very respectable gale, termed in Nevada a ''gentle
zephyr." It was during the continuance of this gale that a little
incident occurred which may not be of much interest to seafaring
men, and one of ordinary occurrence ; but to those who do not go
down upon the sea in ships it may be of some interest, since it
illustrates the nature and character of the requisites of an able sea
man and commander. During the gale, a block or shieve upon the
end of the main yard was torn from its lashings, and fell upon the
deck. The ship was luffed up into the wind : the great seas broke
over the bows, and the mainsail threshed about in a terrible manner
in its frantic efforts to free itself from its lashings, and to keep com
pany with the gale. It was absolutely necessary that that block
should again be placed and securely lashed upon the end of the
yard, of which fact all the officers of the ship were well aware ; but
where was the sailor who had the courage to go out upon the end of
that yard, when, as the ship rolled, the extreme end where the
block was to be lashed was out of sight, became buried in the
white foam of the huge billows ? The Captain ordered no one to
perform the dangerous duty, but asked the first mate, who was
holding fast upon the rigging near, if any man would volunteer to
do it ? The mate, who was naturally of a modest and quiet disposi
tion, raised his eyes aloft to the yard, then to the surging billows be-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

.29

low, thought of his loved ones at home, and very modestly declined,
with thanks. The second mate, a big, burly seaman, turned his
port eye toward the chief mate, concluded that he had a level head,
and concurred for similar reasons. Our Captain, finding that no

an able commander.
one on board of the ship was willing to perform the dangerous duty,
remarked that he should then be compelled to do it himself. Tak
ing the huge block, slung to- his shoulder, he mounted aloft out
upon the yard, where he succeeded in lashing it securely in its
place, although not without a great deal of trouble and danger.
The ship swung off again before the gale, and all danger was past.

I

CHAPTER IV,

Arrival in Callao — The Relics of the Earthquake — the Frolic
with the English Officers — Target Shooting — The Calm
— Water Spouts — The Shark.
THE ship's course was now directed towards the port of Callao,
Peru, where we arrived about the loth of August. We
remained in this port about eight days, visiting in the meantime
the beautiful city pf Lima located at the foot of the mountains, a
few miles inland, and a portion of the earth where a rain-storrii is
unknown. We found that the chief and principal amusements here at this
time consisted in cock and bull fighting ; the grand arena, with its
gorgeous trappings, being situated adjacent to and under the shadow
of the principal cathedral of the city.
In the town of Callao we saw the ruins of the old city which was
partially submerged by an earthquake in 1765, at which time a ship
being at anchor in the harbor was carried by the returning tidal
wave about five miles inland, where the old hull was deposited and
could be plainly seen. At ebb tide, the tiled roofs of many old
buildings can yet be seen upon the sandy beach ; but the greater
portion, however, of the submerged town lies in deep water, above
which vessels in the harbor ride at anchor.
A little incident which occurred here in the city of Lima upon
the day previous to our arrival, as we heard related is perhaps
worth recording. Upon our arrival in the port of Callao, we found
lying at anchor there, the U. S. sloop of war "St. Mary," as well as
the English man-of-war "Asia," and an English sloop of war, the
name of which I have forgotten. There was also in port a ship
from Norfolk, Va., having on board as passengers about forty
young men from Richmond and other Southern cities on their way
to California. There was a feeling of jealousy existing among the
English officers and these young Southern bloods in the city of
Lima, from the fact that the latter seemed to attract more attention

32

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

frora the ladies of Castilian blood. The English officers were
determined to revenge themselves, and they endeavored to do it,

the argonauts at lima.

and to further show their contempt for Americans generally in a
despicable manner. The latter, upon one occasion, concluded to
have a regular champagne dinner, and engaged for the purpose the

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 33
large dining-room of the only American hotel in the city, which
they arranged to occupy at 2 p.m. of the day appointed. The
English officers, to the number of thirty, having been informed of
the intention of the Americans, found now their opportunity for
revenge by taking possession of the dining-room at the appointed
time, and locking the doors, thus interfering with the arrange
ments. Unfortunately for them, however, they had never fully
understood the real nature of American pluck, as one of the Eng
lish officers was afterwards ready and willing to admit.
At the appointed time the Americans met at the hotel, but only
to find the doors to the dining-room locked and the room occupied
by the English officers. After a short consultation, a tall, fine-
looking specimen of one of the F. F. V's knocked upon the door,
demanding instant admission, but, of course, was refused. Two
minutes was then allowed, and in, case of refusal they were informed
that the door would be broken in. " Do so, at your peril," came
from the inside ; and almost instantly the door went in with a
crash, and the tall Virginian, stepping inside to the head of the
table, seized a bottle of wine and threw it with full force, striking
the center of the table beyond, and bounding to the wall upon the
opposite end of the room. At the same time, thirty or forty Amer
icans, well prepared, filed in and took their stations behind the
English officers, who leaped to their feet, and with their short
swords flourishing above their heads demanded instant satisfaction
for the insult. They were informed by the leader of the opposite
party that it was the latter who demanded satisfaction, and that
the former must instantly leave the room, or the Americans would
enforce the demand. After some loud talking and threats from
the leaders of both sides had been indulged in, a more quiet and
subdued tone was used ; mutual explanations followed ; suitable
apologies were gi-ven, and a general hand-shaking followed. Swords
were sheathed, and fortunately the danger of a conflict was averted ;
seats, as well as an additional supply of champagne and other re^
freshments, were ordered. The Americans were very cordially in
vited to partake of the festivities, which invitation they accepted,
and peace and harmony prevailed.
One effect of this incident, was a greater respect for the Amer
ican people, or at least that portion of them who were at present
in the harbor of Callao ; for, upon the day following the incident,

34 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
the passengers of the American ships were very cordially invited on
board of H. M. ship of war the " Asia," and were received in the
most hospitable manner. Furthermore, through the influence of
her commander, a few passengers of one of the American ships
who were detected in the act of smuggling on shore a quantity' of
tobacco, were released upon promising to do so no more.
Going on shore one day, we found on the sandy beach three or
four English officers who were practicing target-shooting. The
target was a board twelve or fourteen inches square, and placed at
a distance of one-hundred yards. They were practicing with the
English sporting rifles, some of the.m being fixed up in a beautiful
style and ornaraented with silver. These rifles were fired from a
rest, and with this advantage even, the target was hit but twice out
of five shots. One of our boys remarked to them that he had an
old U. S. musket on board of the ship, and offered to wager that
he could put four balls out of five into the target, off hand. One of
the Englishmen asserted that that was a huge joke "ye know" ;
but requested our passenger to bring it on shore and prove his
assertion, which he proceeded to do. There was much merriment
araong them when he returned, bringing with him an old style
Springfield rifle, or Jaeger, as they were usually called ; but when
this youth, off-hand, put four balls out of five into the target, their
merriment subsided, and in fact they were astonished. They asked
many questions, and when informed that the U. S. army was arraed
with this sort of thing they marveled greatly, and desired permis
sion to take it on board of H. M. ship of war for inspection, which
they did, remarking upon its return that it was an ugly looking
thing ; but " by Jove, the way it shoots is simply marvelous, ye
know ! ''
One of the officers asked the young man if all the U. S. soldiers
were as expert with the use of the gun as he was, and he replied that
he had just been expelled frora the army for one year, in conse
quence of being the poorest shot in his regiment, which was Co. Y.
of the 287th regiment of light infantry, stationed at Fortess Monroe;
but that he was allowed one year for practice, and if at tlie expira
tion of that time he could do the regulation shot according to
Scott's Manual of Tactics, he would be re-admitted into the Army.
When asked what the regulation shot was, he replied that every
soldier was required to be able to put four balls out of five into a

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 35
four-inch ring, off-hand, at a distance of half a mile when ordered,
and no postponement on account of the weather.
" My hies," was the only answer.
Having laid in a good supply of fruit, etc., we sailed out again
upon the broad ocean toward the land of gold. From this port we
cannot, however, take a direct course for California, in consequence
of the irregularity of the winds along the coast. We are therefore
compelled to test the maxim that the longest way around is in some
cases the nearest way home, and for such reasons our good ship is
headed in the direction of Japan until we reach longitude about
140° W., from which point upon the equator, in consequence of the
prevailing winds, the course can be laid direct for the port of San
Francisco. One of the greatest pleasures of a long tedious sea voyage is in
speaking other ships, bound for different ports of the world, and when
the condition of the sea and weather permits, it is usual to exchange
courtesies by giving the latest news, the destination of your ship,
and occasionally visiting each other. Many, of course, were the
questions asked by the commanders of other ships upon seeing so
many passengers on ship-board, in that portion of the sea, not hav
ing heard of the wonderful gold discovery. One commander, in
particular, hailing frpm Valparaiso .and bound for Cork, who had
passed several ships loaded with passengers, very earnestly inquired
if we Yankees were on our way to found a new empire somewhere
araong the islands of the Pacific ocean, or if we were only the rear
guard of Alexander's army searching for new worlds to conquer.
We, however, satisfied his curiosity by informing him that we were
neither one nor the other, but simply Pilgrims going in search of
the new Jerusalera supppsed to be somewhere in California.
We had now a fair wind until near the equator, where it then
left us, and there fell a great calm upon the waters.
It is in these latitudes that the conditions are most favorable for
the formation of the water-spout, for it is here where the winds are
variable, and where dead calms of long duration are the rule, and
nature's forces find the breeding grounds for the marine cyclones —
it is here that the germs of the Kansas cyclones are found, -in their
original purity, ifree from dust, old fence-rails, hay, or ox-carts ;
the upright columns being filled only with pure sea water, drawn up
from the surface of the ocean. We saw many of them in all stages

36 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
of growth, from the newly-formed, which was just able to move
along in an upright position, staggering and swaying from side to
side like a child just learning to walk, up to the monster columns
which possessed the power to elevate into the regions above any
thing with which it came in contact, from a clam-shell to a man-of
war. Five were seen in one day, and one of the laigest of them
seemed inclined to pay us a visit ; but being aware of the fact, -we
made all necessary preparations to give it a warm reception. It
changed its course, from an instinct of danger no doubt, which was
the general opinion, from the fact that an old seaman declared
positively that if you discharge a cannon-ball into this column of
water, it will instantly burst, as the proper circulation is destroyed.
For the same reasons also, as the veteran salt and able seaman
declared, it was even possible sometimes to frighten one of them to
death by running out of the port-hole a-Quaker gun, and he said
that he had seen several burst in that way. It was the most eco
nomical way, as it saved a lot of powder ; but of course the rest of
us old salts didn't believe all he said about it.
We found that upon the occurrence of any event during the
voyage, this old salt could refer to a similar event within his exper
ience that would discount anything we had seen. For instance,
during the calm he remarked that,
" This calm was nothing to what he experienced at a certain
time on the coast of Chili."
" Why," said he, " the calm lasted nearly two months, the sur
face of the ocean became stagnant, turned green, and smelled like
bilge water, and you could see dead fish of all kinds, and even dead
whales floating about."
During the gale which occurred upon the Atlantic also, he
remarked :
" Oh, pshaw ! this is nothing to what I have seen. Why, I was
bound orice up the Mediterranean Sea, when -we encountered a
gale that threw our ship upon her beam ends, and we laid in that
position for nearly six weeks. It blew away our main-topmast,
and the last we saw of it, 'twas going away south toward Africa ;
and maybe you won't believe it, my lads, but five years afterwards
'twas found in the great desert partly buried in the sand, where it
fell. The cross trees had sprouted, and a fine cluster of white oak
trees had grown up from it, more than sixty feet high, and they

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

37

made a beautiful shade for the camels to rest under when they were
cruising around the desert."
I have stated at this time that the conditions are favorable for
water-spouts, as will be further explained. The formation of a

THE prolific TOPMAST.
water-spout is only possible when their exists a calm upon the
waters, and in consequence of the heat of the sun being reflected
from the smooth surface of the ocean, the atmosphere becomes
greatly rarefied, and ascends to higher regions. The result is that
at this point a partial vacuum is produced, and the atmosphere
from all points rushes in to equalize the unbalanced condition. A

38 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
hollow cylinder is forraed of atmospheric currents, which revolves
with great velocity. A partial vacuum within this is the result, and
up within which the water from the surface of the ocean rises, falling
again in great showers of rain. But one great mystery attending
not only the water-spout upon the ocean, but also the cyclone upon
land, is the fact of their motion forward in any direction, for since
they are only produced under conditions bf a calm, it is difficult to
determine by what force they are caused to move in any direction,
with such velocity as is often witnessed. I observed that in a few
cases, the smaller water-spouts did not move in any particular
direction, but seemed to wander about as though undecided what
course to take ; while again another, but a few miles distant to the
east, would be going in a northerly direction, and another one at
the same time to the westward was taking a southerly course at the
rate of three or four miles an hour.
That a water-spout should be able to move at all in any direc
tion, during a dead calm upon the ocean, when at the same tirae
our ship was- as it were, stationary is not only a mystery, but also
very aggravating to those who are from necessity compelled to
remain on board of her and suffer the intense heat, and at the same
time be at the mercy of these wandering, revolving tramps that are
liable at any time to make you a visit without any special invitation,
and without any power whatever on your pai't to avoid them.
:., The mystery of their forward movements lies in the fact that, at
spinfe point the atraosphere is more highly 'rarified than at others,
arid the water-spout will therefore move inthe direction of the least
resistance, being impelled forward towards, that point by the atmo
sphere, the tendency of which is to restore the equilibrium. They
will, consequently, move with a velocity?, corresponding to such
unbalanced conditions to any given point. •'
Oh, the annoyance of,, a calm at sea,"'especially under such cir
cumstances as when a crowd of anxious gold seekers are cooped up
unable to do as, or go where they please, and all anxious to be fill
ing their bottles and pouches from Uncle Sam's golden fountains.
Fretting and worrying could, however, avail nothing. We must
gracefully submit to the inevitable, and pray for a strong breeze
from the Southwest (the praying for which didn't amount to
much, for reasons not necessary to explain here). There was one
amusement which we were.inabled to enjoy to our heart's content.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

39

HKB
O >f

40 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
in consequence of the calm and passive condition of Nature's forces,
and this was bathing in Neptune's iramense bath-tub, the Pacific
Ocean. At all hours of the day, many would be seen enjoying the
luxury of a bath in the warra and placid waters. The sensation of
plunging headlong, or diving from the ship's rail into the fathom
less depths is, for the first time, anything but pleasant, for upon the
shady side of our ship we could see below the surface a great dis
tance. We found, upon throwing overboard an old tin plate, or
any bright object, that we could keep it in sight for several minutes,
until it had descended for the distance of one-eighth of a mile at
least, or even much further. With this idea in mind, wheri standing
upon the rail, all ready for a dive into this dark and bottomless
abyss, one can readily imagine the peculiar sensations produced
and the thoughts that flit across the mirid at the moment. What if
some miraculous event should occur upon diving into the deep sea,
or some wonderful changes in Nature's laws take place reversing
perhaps the laws of gravitation, which .should make the waters
lighter and organic substances heavier! Then just imagine one's
self sinking down, down into the unfathomable waters and continu
ing upon the downward course, among the huge monsters who make
their habitations araid the rocks and cliffs at the bottom ! But
after a few trials this sensation wears away, for we find that it is
impossible to descend but a short distance below the surface, and
that whether we will or not, we must ascend again without delay.
For two or three days, a nuraber of our passengers indulged in
this luxury of bathing, and would have continued doing so during
the calra ; but all things have an ending, and sea-bathing is no
exception to the rule. The diversion was brought to an end by an
incident which is worth mentioning. We had a passenger on board
who, but a few years before, when on a voyage in the Indian Ocean,
lost one of his legs in appeasing the appetite of a shark, while enjoy
ing the luxury of a sea-bath. This yourig 'riian, whose name was
Measury, from Salem, Mass., acted in the capacity of sergeant at
arms for us, and would allow no one to dive from the ship until
well satisfied that there were no sharks in the immediate vicinity.
This fact he would ascertain by throwing overboard any bright
object, such as a tin cup or plate, for if there were any sharks
within a reasonable distance, say one or two miles, they, would be
attracted towards the vessel, and could be plainly seen swimming

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 41
back and forth under the ship's keel — waiting, not like Micawber,
for something to turn up, but for some unfortunate sailor to tumble
overboard. If no -sharks made their appearance below the ship in
the space of half an hour, it was presuraed that the coast was clear,
and by the gate-keeper's consent, over we would go.
We had been in bathing one day, and nearly all of us had
climbed aboard, when our sergeant at arms, who was seated as
usual upon the ship's rail upon the shady side, where he could
obtain a good view of the ship's keel, was heard to cry out to those
who were yet in the water, but-who were, however, near the ship, and
just upon the point of climbing on board.
"Quick ! quick boys, for God's sake ! A shark ! A shark ! "
Upon looking over the side, we saw an enormous shark beneath
the keel. He spied the last man who was in the water, and darted
towards him. The man, however, had reached the ladder, and was
soon out of danger. The shark, turning upon its back with open
mouth, darted towards him, but was too late, for just at this time its
career was ended. The captain who was in the cabin, heard the cry
of shark, and having been a short time before sailing engaged in
whale-fishing, was prepared for such an eraergency. Seizing his
favorite weapon, which was a harpoon all ready for use, and to which
was attached a long wooden pole, suspended from ropes over
head in a convenient place, he jumped upon the rail, and as the
shark's head with open raouth projected above the water with a
true aim darted the harpoon into its body. The huge fish was
hoisted on board, and found upon measurement to be about fifteen
feet in length. What a mouth, when opened ! I was reminded of
it years afterwards, in passing a Mendicino Co. saw-mill, with its
gang of saws all in a row, ready for business. This incident ended
our pleasures of sea-bathing.
But now was the old salt's opportunity to spin a yarn that would
discount anything in the shark line, and he made the most of it.
Seated upon the fore hatch, toward evening, and after taking a fresh
quid he sailed in :
" Well, well ! rae lads, that's a big shark ; but I can tell about
one that discounts him. 'Twas when I was sailing on an English
packet ship in the Indian Ocean, bound for the East Indies. We
had an opera corapany on board, bound for Calcutta.
"We were running along one day with a stiff breeze, and th'^

42

THE ARGON A UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

passengers were all enjoying themselves up on deck, when ali at
once there was a cry of man overboard. An old gentleman, one of
the musicians, was seated on the lee rail a readin', when the ship give
a lurch, and away he went over the side. His son was standing
near at hand, and haulingoff his coat, over the side he went, to rescue
his father. The ship was brought up into the wind ; a boat was

THE OPERATIC SHARK.
lowered, and blast my eyes if we didn't cruise about in our ship's
wake for more than four hours to get a sight of the old gentleman
and his son. But we searched in vain, for they had gone ; only, we
couldn't tell how, just then. We did though, pretty soon ; for a few
days after we saw a big shark following in our wake. He was a
regular man-eater, and we knew from the antics he was cutting up,
that he had swallowed the old musician and his son sure enough,
and was huntin' for the balance of the opera company. Why ship-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 43
mates, the shark would jest promenade around ship, standing upon
his tail ; then he would balance fore and aft on his head, and go
through the figures of a quadrille in good style. One of the opera
boys said that the old musician was a tough customer, and maybe
the shark had the colic. Another one thought that maybe he had
been chasin' a French ship, and had swallowed a French dancin'
master who had fell overboard. But we soon found out all about it,
for it happened that the shark came nearer to the ship than he
intended to, and one of the crew threw a harpoon into him, and we
histed hira on deck to have a look at him. Jest as we were gettin'
ready to throw him overboard again, one of the opera boys says
* hush ! what's that strange noise comin' from inside of him ? '
Well, we all heard it, and to satisfy our curiosity we cut him open,
and maybe, shipmates, you won't believe me when I tell you what
we seen. But right in there was the old musician, sittin' at a plan
ner and playin' the Fisher's Hornpipe, and laying in a hammock
overhead was his son, beatin' time on a base drum. "
There is consolation in the thought that, under whatever circum
stances we may be placed that are of ari unpleasant nature, all
things, states and conditions have an ending. In the operations of
Nature's forces, man, by his ingenuity, can direct them for his use,
but cannot control. During a gale of wind, for instance, the ship,
by means of the sails and rudder, can be changed or altered in her
course, and at such a time how insignificant man appears in com
parison with the force and power of the elements, which are far
beyond his absolute control ! Yet, even when the elements are in
active motion, they can be made serviceable by using the proper
means ; but when Nature's forces are entirely passive and the ele
ments are at rest, it is then that man is made conscious of his utter
insignificance, especially if he is on board of a sailing -vessel which
is floating about at random upon the ocean in a dead calm. At
such a time he has no control whatever over the elements above, or
of the waters below, and the vessel drifts at random in whatever
direction the currents are flowing. She rises and falls with the swell
of the ocean, and her sails are continually flapping against the mast
as an encouragement to her patience, or as a raeans of quieting her
anxiety. The bows, also, exhibit their intense anxiety by swinging
around the circle like a chained bear, in the vain endeavor to break
avyayfrom the influence of such unpleasant conditions ; but the only

44 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
object on board which does not conform to the random motions of
the vessel, and remained, fortunately for us, constant to the forces
which gave it value, was the needle in the binnacle.
The end was near, however, for upon the morning of the 14th day,
away off in the distance, toward the west, was discovered a cat's
paw, a ripple upon the water, crawling silently but surely towards
us upon the surface of the waters. It crawled carefully up the side
of the ship, up into the rigging ; and the great sails, which had been
idly flapping for many days against the mast, now feel the effects of
its magic influence, and, swelling with pride, endeavor to move the
ship forward upon her course. The wheel, also, which for several
days had been neglected and alone, lazily swinging from one side to
the other, nodding and blinking beneath the scorching rays of the sun,
was now aroused from its slumbers by the strong arm of a sailor, and,
responding to his efforts, the bows of the ship swing gracefully around
upon our course for the entrance to the Golden Gate with a fair
wind, which increased with such force in a few hours that it was evi
dent we had not only received the benefit of a cat's paw, but that
the whole animal had crawled on board, tail and all.
Late in the afternoon of September 19th, we arrived atthe entrance
to the Golden Gate, but only to find the sea enveloped in a dense
fog, and the entrance through which we were in hope of passing at
once, hidden from our view. The only resource was, in seaman's
phraseology, " to lay off " and on until morning, which we did in
safety, although not without escaping in an almost miraculous man
ner from the greatest danger. The incident is worth relating, as it
shows how it is possible, after having sailed so many thousands of
miles in safety, upon arriving at your destination to meet with dis
aster through the ignorance of an incompetent seaman. It was the
second mate's watch on deck, the burly-headed seaman previously
mentioned. About 11 p. m., as the Captain was about turning in
for the night, the second mate called down the gang- way for the Cap
tain. When asked what was wanted, he replied that right ahead,
seen through the fog, was a square-rigged vessel. The Captain an
swered :
"Well, you know your business, of course."
Almost instantly afterwards he again shouted :
" Captain, come quick ! we are close aboard of her !"
The latter leaped from his bunk, and was upon deck in an instant.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 45
and saw at once the nationality and character of the square-rigged
craft, looming up in a dense fog, immediately over our bow. He
ordered the wheel hard a port, and the old ship swung readily around
in the foam and swash, and within less than half a ship's length of
one of the great rocks of the Faralone Islands. In less than one
minute more we would have crashed into, run afoul of, and knocked
from its foundation into the deep sea beyond, one of the grandest
structures of the whole group, but the presence of mind of our Cap
tain saved it frora utter destruction, as well as a few score of badly
scared gold hunters. Upon the raorning of the 20th, we sailed in
through the Golden Gate, coming at anchor in front of the tented
city of San Francisco, having made the passage from our native
city to this place in the space of five months and seventeen days.

CHAPTER V.

The Arrival in San Francisco — Gold Machines — Going to the
Mines — The Bullwhacker — Arrival in Hangtown — The
View from the Hill.
THE city presented the appearance of a vast army encampment,
and it was evident that the advance guard of Alexander's army
had arrived sure enough, and had conquered what they sought. In
the contemplation of the scene as we saw it from the roof of the
cook's galley, we found deep consolation in the thought that in
case the future would prove that we had travelled so many thous
ands of miles in search for gold, only to find upon our arrival that
we had been badly sold, we were not alone at any rate. There was
a grim satisfaction, therefore, in viewing the great number of ves
sels at anchor in the harbor from the various ports of the world, that
had brought to the coast thousands of others for the same purpose.
Our voyage being ended upon our arrival in California, it is
now, after upwards of forty years have passed since we sailed in
through the Golden Gate, of some interest to know what has be
corae of the passengers and crew of the old ship, and in fact of the
ship also. The ship, after returning again to New Bedford, was
fitted out for a whaling voyage and lost, I think in an ice pack in
the Arctic Ocean. Captain Seabury, after serving for several years
as master of a China steamer in the employ of the Pacific Mail Co.,
and also upon the Atlantic coast from New York to , Aspinwall, a
few years since retired frora active service, and now lives in ease
and corafort at his home in New Bedford. Of the passengers,
there are but three of us at present remaining upon the Pacific
Coast. Many of them died here. The greater portion of them
returned to their Eastern homes ; but a few of them are now left,
and of all that number of gold hunters, not one of them succeeded
in his anticipations of filling a pork barrel with the precious metal
and but a small portion of them in filling an old boot-leg, or a beer-
bottle, with the same.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 47
It is necessary to explain here, that the ingenuity of many
mechanics in the far-off Atlantic States had been exercised in the
construction of various devices for the extraction of gold frora the
sand and soil which were, unfortunately, mixed with it. Our pas
sengers, having full faith in their great value and efficacy, had
brought quite a number of such machines with them. They were
of all varieties and patterns ; made of copper, iron, zinc and brass.
Some of them were to be worked by a crank ; others, more preten
tious, having two cranks ; whilst another patent gold washer, more
economical and efficient, worked with a treadle. One variety was
upright, requiring the miner to stand while using it. Still another,
the inventor of which being of a more benevolent and humane
temperament, was arranged in such a manner that the poor tired
miner could sit in his arm-chair and take his comfort as he worked
it. One machine requires special mention. It was in the shape of
a huge fanning mill, with sieves properly arranged for assorting the
gold ready for bottling. All chunks too large for the bottle would
be consigned to the pork barrel. This immense machine which,
during our passage, excited the envy and jealously of all who had
not the means and opportunity of securing a similar one, required
of course the services of a hired man to turn the crank, whilst the
proprietor would be busily engaged in shovelling in the pay dirt
and pumping water; the greater portion of the time, however, being
required, as was firmly believed in the corking of the bottles and
fitting heads to the pork barrels. This machine was owned by a
Mr. Allen, from Cambridge, Mass., -who brought with him frora
that renowned head-center of learning, a colored servant who was
to manage and control the crank portion of the invaluable institu
tion ; and so sanguine were all passengers in regard to the nature
and value of the various machines for the purposes of saving, or for
the extraction of gold, that apparently nothing but actual trial could
convince them to the contrary.
Their faith in all kinds of mining machinery was put to the test
sooner than expected ; for iipon landing, we found lying uppn the
sand and half buried in the raud, hundreds of similar machines,
bearing silent witness at once to the value of our gold-saving
machinery, without the necessity of a trial. Of course ours were
also deposited carefully and tenderly upon the sandy beach, -from

48 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
where, in a short time, they were washed into deep water, making
amusement for the shrimps, clams, and crabs, which were no doubt
under the impression that some unfortunate Italian vessel, with a
cargo of hand-organs, had foundered in the locality. It was re
ported soon after, that the crew of a Dutch vessel that passed near
Rineon Rock close by one dark and foggy night, saw distinctly a
group of sea nymphs seated upon it, and that each one of them
was engaged in turning the crank of what appeared to be some
kind of a musical instrument^ Old Neptune was seen standing in
their raidst as leader of the orchestra, keeping time with his sluice fork.
We saw scattered around among the bushes near the shore, also,
a great number of trunks, chests, and valises of all sizes, and the
most of them containing clothing of all descriptions, in many cases
of value. These had all been thrown aside as useless encumbrances
by their owners, who had started for the mines, being unable to pay
the extra freight charged upon thera.
We found that no wharves had yet been constructed, and the
tide being out, it was somewhat difficult to land without wallowing
through a short distance of very dark raud.
One of the sights which attracted our attention was a newly-
constructed sidewalk, coramencing at the building at that time
occupied by Simmons, Hutchinson & Co., and extending in the
direction of Adams & Co's. express office, for a distance of about
seventy-five yards, I think. In any other portion of the earth
except California, this sidewalk would have been considered a very
extravagant piece of work, hardly excelled by the golden pavements
in the new Jerusalem. The first portion 'of the walk was constructed
of Chilean fiour, in one hundred pound sacks, and which in one
place had been pressed down nearly out of sight in the soft mud.
Then followed a long row of large cooking stoves, over which it
was necessary to carefully pick your way, as some of the covers had
been accidentally thrown off. Beyond these again, and which com
pleted the walk, was a double row of boxes of tobacco, of large size.
Although this style of walk may seem very extravagant, even to an
old pioneer, yet at that time sacks of Chilean flour, cooking stoves,
tobacco, and pianos were the cheapest materials to be found, for
lumber was in the greatest deraand, selling in some instances at
$600 per M., whilst the former articles, in consequence of the great
supply, were of little value.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

49

M
1)HG
!z;w

o
H

50 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
The town presented' a strange scene. There were but few
buildings; but the surrounding hills were covered with tents scat
tered promiscuously about, without regard to method or order.
Business of all kinds was lively, and although coin was scarce,
yet gold dust answered every purpose.
Gambling houses and bar-rooms were numerous for the accom
modation of citizens ; but the former, for the accomodation, more
especially, of the miners, who were daily arriving from the mines,
and who could be' seen coming, from the landing place toward
Adams & Co.'s express office with their sacks pf gold dust, to be
sold or forwarded to their friends in the East. Many, however,
were forced to return again to the mines in a few days, after having
struck bedrock in one of the gambling houses, in their curiosity to
discover upon which end of the tiger its tail was hung; and they
generally made the discovery.
We found the cost of living in the city very high, although cer
tain articles, as flour, for instance, were plentiful and cheap. Meals
at the restaurants were from one to two dollars. One of our pas
sengers had about 80 pounds of sweet potatoes, which he sold
readily for one dollar per pound, and also a few Grangers which he
sold for one dollar each.
The following bill of fare gives an idea of the cost of living:
BILL OF FARE.— WARD HOUSE.

RUSSEL & MYERS - - - PROPRIETORS.

?san Francisco, Thursday, October 27, 1849.

SOUP.
Ox Tail, . . . . . . . $1 00
fish.
Baked Trout, White and Anchovy Sauce, . . . $1 50
ROAST.
Beef, '. . . $1 00 I Mutton Stuffed, . . $1 00
Lartib, stuffed, . . i 00 | Pork, Apple Sauce, . i 25
K. BOILED.
Leg Mutton, Caper Sauce . $1 25 | Corned Beef and Cabbage, %\ 25
Ham, . . . $1 00

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 51
ENTREES.
Curried Sausages, a mie . . . . . . $1 00
Beef, stewed with Onions . . . ' . " 125
Tenderloin Lamb, Green Peas . . . . . i 25
Venison, Port Wine Sauce . .... i 50
Stewed Kidney, Sauce de Champagne . . . . i 25
EXTRAS.
Fresh California Eggs, each . . . . . $1 00

GAME.

Curlew, roast or boiled to order . . ...

$3 00

VEGETABLES.

Sweet Potatoes, baked
Irish do boiled
Squash
$0 50 Irish Potatoes, mashed
. 0 50 Cabbage $0 50
PASTRY.
. %o 50
0 50
Bread Pudding
Mince Pie
Apple Pie .
Brandy Peach
%o 75
0 75
0 75
2 00
Rum Omelette
Jelly do
Cheese Stewed Prunes
$2 00
2 00
. 0 50
0 75
An observation of the crowds of persons continually arriving in
great numbers and crowding into the new city proved them to be
men of an active and energetic character, who had come for a cer
tain specific purpose, and were determined to accomplish it by all
possible legitimate means; but varied, of course, as to the manner,
or methods- of accoraplishment. We found that a portion only of
those who entered the Golden Gate had any desire to extract their
share of gold from the mines, but were content to reraain in San
Francisco, believing that the flow of gold to the City would en-
enable them to gather in a fair pro rata of it in some business
enterprise. The monotony of a long and tedious sea voyage being now at
an end, the real business, or the object contemplated in making such
a voyage now commenced. We have entered upon new scenes, and
a change of condition, with all of its strange events and varying
incidents. A company of us — twenty-three in number — came for the special
purpose of mining, and all preparations for the proper working of
such an enterprise had been made previous to sailing. We had pur
chased alLnecessary tools and instruments for the purpose in view.
For these reasons, we did not linger in San Francisco longer than
was necessary; but began immediately the work of putting together
52 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA,
the materials of a large scow, or barge, which we had brought
with us.
Upon this, when complete, we placed our effects, and with a fair
wind and tide in our favor, started on our journey towards Sacra
mento City, at which place we arrived upon the fourth day out from
San Francisco. At this place, after making a proper division of our
provisions, tools, and instruments, we dissolved co-partnership as a
company, each and every one going to such a mining district as
best suited his incUnation, or at which place, in his opinion, were to
be found the richest mines. We learned here that rich gold mines
had been discovered in several places besides Coloma, the point of
original discovery by Marshall. Among them were Hangtown;
Greenwood, Kelsey, Georgetown, and Morraon Island. The
latter mining camp, located upon the American River about
twenty miles east of Sacraraento City, was the spot where our ex-
Senator, John Connors, first engaged in the mining industry in
August, '49. Further north were Auburn and numerous bars upon
the South and Middle forks of the Araerican River, as well as other
good mining localities in a southern direction. Sacramento City
being the point of departure for all mining localities so far discov
ered, presented a very lively scene, and almost daily could be seen
long strings of men on their way to the mines, carrying upon their
backs their roll of blankets, on the top of which would be fastened
certain cooking utensils and other conveniences. After selling off
all stock, utensils, scow, tent and other things belonging to the
company which could not be divided, we made a division of pro
ceeds, and then every man was for himself.
Two others and rayself formed a company, and after deciding
upon the mining camp which we should visit, we employed a Pike
county bullwhacker who agreed to deliver us and our effects in
Hangtown for a certain consideration, payment invariably in ad
vance. We accepted the offer, and in a few hours were on our way
to Hangtown. Captain Pike, as we christened him, had full control of his craft,
being captain, cook, and all hands; running into port amd camping
when and wherever he pleased. He was a tall, powerful man, and
carried an ox gad, which was about twelve feet in length, and large
in proportion, to which was attached a lash made of raw-hide, long
and large enough for a ship's back-stay. With this he would urge

the ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

S3

V \ V , >, ^F ^r i!^ 'Wv W . 1

54 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
his cattle forward by whacking it over their backs occasionally when
they were very tired; but, in general, this was unnecessary, for the
crack of it, which made a report like a gun, was a sufficient induce
ment for them to hurry up. This rare breed of bullwhackers has
now become almost entirely extinct in California. More gentle, as
well as more humane, means of driving cattle have been introduced
from the far east, and it may not be out of place here to illustrate
this by an incident which occurred only a few months later.
A bullwhacker, with his four yoke of cattle, was driving up over
the hill from Hangtown, on hia way to Sacramento City. The hill
was long and in some places quite steep, and the road was very
crooked, winding among and around the trees. On the side of the
hill was a log cabin in which were living a corapany of miners from
the State of Vermont. The ox driver stopped in front of the cabin
for a rest, and the Vermonters laughed at and ridiculed his method
of driving cattle with such a monster whip, used in such a cruel
manner; but Pike said that:
"Thera air cattle couldn't be driv any other way."
One of the boys, however, made a bet with him that he would,
by the use of a little switch only, sit in the empty wagon and drive
his team to the top of the hill, without accident or running against
the trees. Pike accepted the bet, and with the rest of them got into
the wagon.
The Yank, as Pike called him, cut a light switch, and after getting
the oxen well started under way, took his seat upon the front of the
wagon, and in that manner drove them to the top of the hill without
any trouble whatever, to the great astonishment of the bullwhacker,
as well as to the cattle too, no doubt.
" Well," says Pike, " if that don't beat anything I ever heerd tell
on. I hev seen um drive a heap of cattle in old Missouri, but never
seen it done with a little baby gad like that before. Blamed if I
don't try it myself; you Yanks beat thunder."
I have neglected tc mention that, before leaving Sacramento for
the mines, many who had been up there were now returning on their
way home again, if they could get there, being disappointed in their
expectations, and declaring that it was all a fraud, but little gold
being found anyhow, and then only, as one of them told me confi
dentially, after you had to dig away down in the hard ground three
or four feet to find it. This, of course, was not very encouraging

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 55
news for men who had sailed around Cape Horn, and then to find
that it was all a fraud; but we started on, however, as before stated,
for the mines.
We passed many on their way down who had become discour
aged and homesick. Araong them were two or three acquaintances
of mine who had been into the mines about two weeks, and were
now returning to the East. They explained the state of affairs, say
ing that there was but little gold to be found, and that it required
very hard and laborious work in the hot sun to get it, and very dirty
work, too, as it was away down out of sight iri the mud. They,
therefore, advised all acquaintances whom they met to return with
them. We concluded, however, to continue on and see with our own
eyes what the chances were, and if these men who were on the way
home had really spoken the truth. It required many years to find
this out; and if the great majority of miners who are now mining,
and others who mined many iong years, were asked their opinion
in relation to it, they would be unanimous in their conclusion that
these men did come near telling the truth, although unconscious of
the fact at the time.
It seems to have been the opinion of many who came into Cali
fornia soon after the discovery of gold, that the rich metal was to
be found upon the surface of the ground, and that it could be very
easily scraped up and cleaned from the dirt. Consequently, there
was much disappointment upon finding that it was necessary to dig
in the mud and water for' it. When engaged in mining, soon after,
near the road many emigrants who had crossed the plains with their
ox teams- would stop alongside of the road and watch the process of
mining. Upon one occasion an emigrant inquired :
" Wall, now, and is thet the way you fellers hes to do to get the
demed stuff?"
When informed that such was the raethod necessary to get it, he
remarked: " Yas; well, then, I don't keer for none in mine. Gee haw, buck,
jest go lang thar ! "
And for this reason hundreds passed through the mining region
to the valleys below.
About noon of the fourth day from- Sacramento we crossed over
the hill, from the suramit of which the town, with its log cabins and

S6

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

tents, was visible below. We descended to near the foot of the hill,
where we unloaded our effects araong a cluster of pines. From this
point we had a full view of the creek and portions of the various
ravines, where we saw hundreds of busy raen hard at work -with pick

"don't want NONE IN MINE,

and shovel. From the busy scene a spectator, who was unaware of
the object of this laborious work, would iraagine that an army had
encamped in the locality and were at work iri the trenches.
My native town was well represented, there being at this time
about three hundred there from New Bedford who had sailed around

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

57

the Horn. I found many acquaintances among them, and all ap
peared to be cheerful and confident of success in their new business.
I should judge, after looking about and among the various flats,

THE DANDY MINERS.

creeks, ravines and gulches for a few days, that at this time there
were about four thousand persons altogether in town and in the im
mediate vicinity, but only about half of them, however, were engaged
in mining. The latter class was composed, at this early day, almost

58 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
entirely of citizens of the United States, although there were a few
from other countries, and all kinds of trades and professions were
represented. Here at work in the mud and water, with his gold spectacles and
kid gloves, was a lawyer. Near him was a physician with his pants
in his boots, sporting a plug hat. Here could be found clerks,
bankers, storekeepers, barbers, hotel waiters, sea captains and mates,
hotel-keepers and congressmen, nearly all from the New England
States, who had come around Cape Horn to seek their fortunes.
Upon a slight elevation two well-dressed men were hard at work;
they were lawyers from the city of New York, and were styled the
dandy miners; they continued mining for several months and suc
ceeded in making a very respectable fortune.
Upon the arrival of the first gold seekers in the summer and
fall of '49, houses were, of course, unnecessary. Those who were
fortunate enough to be the owners of tents occupied them, but the
greater portion made their camps in the shade of the trees. As
winter drew near, however, it was evident that other means of
shelter would be necessary, consequently log cabins were construct
ed around among the ravines and gulches in all suitable localities
convenient to a spring of water. Wood for fuel was, of course,
plenty. Luraber for building purposes was scarce and very dear.
All household furniture, such as chairs, tables, etc., was constructed
in the most priraitive style, often from old barrels and boxes when.
convenient. Much ingenuity was displayed by various ones in the construction
of these household necessities, but more especially in the case of
chairs. The miner's easy chair, which he loved to take his comfort
in after the work of the day was over, was usually made frora an
erapty flour barrel, being cut out in the proper manner and made
with rockers. Some, who possessed more aristocratic tendencies,
would have these chairs lined and stuffed in good style, and they
were pronounced very comfortable and equal to anything that could
be bought in New York or Boston.
One reraarkable fact was noticed at this early day in relation to
the habits of the forty-niners, when we take into consideration their
isolated condition, away from the influences of civilized society, and
that was in the observance of the Sabbath, for, as a general rule, all
Eastern raen especially were true to their early training, and rested

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

59

from their labor, or rather from their mining labors. It was upon
this day that all mending and washing was done, and other little

necessary household duties attended to, for it must be remembered
that the washwoman had not put in an appearance yet, but she was,
however, on the way.

6o

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

On Sunday afternoons the clothes lines would be seen filled with
a great assortment of woolen goods, socks, etc., the one thing need-

{'¦'7' .JunM. 'H i ,

ful to give all the appearance of a more advanced condition of civil
ization, however, was wanting, viz.: the"biled shirt," which came
later, and was contemporaneous with woman.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 61
As before mentioned, the chief amusement upon Sunday after
noons with the great majority was in lounging around the various
saloons and gambling-houses; but to many, however, this part of
the day was devoted to visiting the cabins of each other. There
were many good singers to be found among the ravines and gulches,
and upon pleasant moonlight evenings could be heard the notes of
" Ben Bolt " from the boys who occupied the cabin on the hill above,
while from another cabin in the ravine could be heard the refrain of
"Do They Miss Me at Home," or "Sweet Home." Some, also,
could be heard singing the songs we used to hear of, " Life on the
Ocean Wave," " The Last Rose of Sumraer," or, perhaps, "Old Dan
Tucker," all to be concluded by the singing of " Old Hundred,"
"Siloam," and "Coronation," and other tunes of a similar char
acter. There were also many good musicians to be found among the
miners. Many of them had brought their instruments with them,
and often at night could be heard echoing from the ravines and
canons the sounds of the fiddle, flute, accordeon and clarionet. One
young man from Boston had brought with him his favorite instru
ment, the bugle, and when perched above upon the summit of a hill
overlooking the town upon pleasant moonlight evenings, the strains
of "Oft in the Stilly Night," "The Emigrant's Lament," or the
martial strains of "The Red, White and Blue," or "The Star
Spangled Banner," from his bugle, would be heard echoing far and
near, araong the ravines and gulches, and hailed by all with the
greatest delight.

CHAPTER VI

Business in the Mines — The Various Mining Camps — Physicians
IN Camp — Dr. Rankin — Coloma — Process of Mining — The
'49 Emigration — Sauerkraut — Female Influence Illus
trated.
WE found on arriving in Hangtown quite a number of business
houses, stocked with a very good assortment of provisions
and nearly all other articles for miner's use. The merchants, as well
as I can remember, were Thomas & Young; W. T. Coleman; Say-
ward & Thorndike; Judge Russel; Mr. Job; Judge Daniells; C.
Williams, while a short distance above upon the bank of the creek
were the stores of Frost, Brewster & Price, and just below town was
the store of the Governor.
There were three hotels. in town: one large log-cabin, used for
a hotel, was called the Eldorado, and owned by Mr. Eltsner; another
one was kept by J. Adams, and the third by Col. Backus. The most
numerous business houses in town were, however, the saloons and
gambling houses.
At Cold Springs, a few miles below Hangtown, was located a
mining carap, at this time consisting of a cluster of tents used for
saloons and for gambling houses, and one provision store, owned by
Burgess & Hill.
On the road towards Coloma, at the mining camp called Kelsy,
named after the man who discovered the placer mines here, were
also two stores with the usual complement of saloons. At Coloma,
which is situated upon the South Fork of the Araerican River, we
found a number of stores and saloons, whilst just below this camp
were the old saw mill and tail rate, where Marshall found the nug
get of gold which has been the means of revolutionizing society and
changing social conditions among us, as well as settling up the whole
Pacific coast in so short a space of time.
Across the river could also be seen at this time, the name of

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 63
John T. Little in large letters, on the side of an extensive ware
house. This, with other various signs, informed the mining com
munity that here could be found all kinds, of mining supplies, and
that the highest price was paid for gold dust. Following the road
past Mr. Little's store, up over the mountain towards the middle
fork of the American River, we found several camps where rich
mines had been discovered. At Coloma down towards the old mill
was the store of Shannon & Cady, and near to this were the stores
of Perkins & Co,, Tailor & Co., and also the gun and ammunition
store of F. Beckhart. Of the business men, there are now living
Thomas & Young; W. T. Coleman, Mr Darlington, who is at the
present time in business at Placerville; Mr. Thorndike; Judge Rus
sell; Mr. Caples; Mr. Price, and I think, Mr. Brewster, all of Hang
town. Mr. J. T. Little and Mr. Beckhart are both residing at the
present time also in San Francisco, and no doubt many of the early
business men are yet living in the East, or in some remote corner
of the earth.
Of the physicians who were residing in the mining regions at
this early day, a number of them are yet living; and as far as I know
these are Dr. Bacon of Coloma; Dr. Clark, who is now residing at
Stockton; Dr. Worthen, and. I was informed that Dr. Oberis at the
present time living east of the Rockies. We found also in the town
five or six physicians, araong the most prominent of whom were
Dr. Wakefield, Dr. Kunkler, Dr. Obeir, and Dr. Worthen, who is at
^the present time engaged in his profession and residing in the same
old locality. There were Dr. Rankin, also, who had an extensive
practice, and Dr. Clark.
In connection witn Dr. Rankin, an amusing incident which
occurred in the fall of '49 may not be out of place here. The
doctor was a Southerner by birth, and one of the old school, as his
style of dress, which consisted of a white fur plug hat, blue coat
with brass buttons, a buff-colored vest with trowsers to match, indi
cated. Upon certain occasions he sported a frill shirt front as welL
Dressed in this style, he went one day astride his favorite Buceph
alus, to visit a patient a few miles from town. It had been rain
ing recently, and the road upon which he was travelling was house
deep with soft yellow mud. He passed on his way a tall, large,
raw-boned Scotchman, carrying upon his shoulder a sack of flour,
and as he passed the pedestrian the doctor remarked that wallow-

64

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

ing through the deep mud with a load hke that must be tough
work. "Well," retorted the Scotchman, "and that's me ain business;
and bed I ye doon here, me mon, I wad wallow ye in the mud, too."
" You would, would you," says the doctor, at the same time

he done it weel.
leaping from his horse, and landing knee-deep in the mud along
side of the Scotchman.
The latter laid down his burden upon a log, and seizing the
doctor by the nape of the neck and seat of his pants, he raised
him up and dropped him in the deepest part of a mud-hole. The
doctor wasn't long in getting out, and mounting his horse was soon

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. (-5
¦on his way home, remarking to the valiant Scot as he turned to
leave: "Well, now, Scotty, you done that weel."
" It was about sixteen years afterwards that the doctor was sit
ting in the bar-room of the What Cheer House, in Sacramento City,
and in company with a few others, talking of old times. During
the conversation he related how the tall Scotchman had rolled him
in the yellow mud, and how he looked as though he had been run
through a miner's ground sluice. Sitting tipped back in a chair at
the side of the room was an old farmer, half asleep, but listening
very attentively to the reminiscences of old times. When the doc
tor commenced relating the incident as above, the old farmer raised
upon his feet, and at the conclusion stepped up, and placing his
hand upon the Doctor's shoulder, remarked:
" Yas, doc', and ye told me, ye remember, that I doon it weel,
too." Of course the doctor was somewhat astonished, as well as
pleased also, to meet his old antagonist, and again acknowledge
once more that he doon it weel at any rate.
Handshaking and the usual refreshments followed, as a matter
of course. The town, or village, of Coloma, is situated upon the south
branch of the American River; it was here that gold was first found
by Marshall; the old raill where he worked is still standing. Mr.
Marshall resided here during his life, living in a small cabin upon
the side hill, a portion of which he had planted with vines and fruit
trees. The first mining, of course, was done here, and this location
constituted the germ or nucleus from which radiated all other min
ing localities, for it -was from this point that the prospectors started
out in various directions in the search for other mines. Some of
the prospectors took a southerly course and found the rich deposits
among the ravines of what is now called Hangtown creek. Others
found Kelsey's, Spanish dry diggings, and further north they ran
afoul of Georgetown and Greenwood, each locality deriving its
name, when found, frora some circumstance, event, or from the
name of the finder. By the time of the arrival of the first gold
seekers, who came via Cape Horn, hundreds of new locations had
been made and named around the immediate vicinity of Coloma,.
and by the ist of December, '49 the country had been traveled over

66 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
and prospected, from Coloma to the Slanislau River on the south,
and up to the'Yuba River on the north, and valuable mines found for
over a hundred miles in both directions.
Before commencing the business of mining, our little company
concluded first to build a residence, which we constructed of logs
inthe regulation style, with chimney. in the rear, the front door
opposite, and after stowing away pots, pans and kettles in their pro
per places, putting up bunks with all the neccessary arrangements
of curtains, out-riggers, etc., a few more blows with the hapimer
here and there made us master of the situation, or of the castle, at
least. After finishing our residence, we started in to the business of
mining, for whicii we had traveled nearly half way around the
globe. In a large ravine near at hand, called Oregon Ravine, as it
was first found by a man from that State, we determined to make our
first effort. There were at work in the same locality about two
hundred others. The method of mining was of the raost primitive
character. The dirt would be dug down to the bed-rock and
thrown to one side, as the dirt and gravel in immediate contact with
the bed-rock, including the surface of the latter also, was all that
was considered of any value. This was put into sacks and packed
upon our backs down to the creek, where the gold was separated
from it by panning. Many, however, would spread their pay dirt
upon the ground, and when it was thoroughly dry would winnow it
out by pouring it from the pan to the ground, the wind, when
strong enough, answering a very good purpose. This was the style
of mining as practiced by the Mexicans and also the Chileans, but
it was a very slow process, and would only pay when no water could
be found. From the hill above, it was a strange sight to see men of all
classes and from every State in the Union thus clustered together
upon one spot in common, and all inspired with the one desire, i. e.
to dig gold. All hard at work in the mud and water, with pick and
shovel, each one determined to do his level best to get all he could
in the shortest time possible.
Over in that ravine yonder is a crowd of Yankees from Maine
and Vermont, with a leavening of a few Missourians and Kentuck
ians. In that large ravine to the right are three or four hundred
hard-working, earnest, gold seekers from Massachusetts and New

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

67

a >o Ho'.2

4^

68 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
York, and from Connecticut and Ohio, as well as a few frora Geor
gia, Arkansas and Old Virginia. Upon that extensive flat below,
the great crowd at work is of a more cosmopolitan character, being
composed of men from all States in nearly equal proportions. But
few are noticed at present hailing from the Southern States, except
those of a sporting character, who will be found among the saloons
and gambling houses. Among these, a few of the old style South
ern politicians, who are dressed in regulation blue dress-coat, with
its great brass buttons, and a white plug hat, can be seen daily prom
enading around from place to place, with the crooked cane hanging
upon the arm. The emigration across the plains in the fall of 1849.
was estimated to be about 25,000. But a small proportion of them,
however, remained in the mining regions. The greater number of
them being farmers, passed through to make their homes in the val
leys below.
Much has been said and written in relation to the arrival of the
first young ladies in the mines; but the very first young ladies who
made their appearance in the mining regions of California arrived
at this time. They were the daughters of Mrs. Stuart, from the
State of Illinois. Their father died during the journey across the
plains. They arrived in Hangtown about the middle of September,.
returning again to their Eastern homes sometime during the sum
mer or autumn of '50.
There were many women and children in the emigration of this
season, and in consequence of the scarcity of feed for the teams,
many of them were compelled to trudge along through the sandy
desert and over the steep and rough mountain roads, for hundreds
of miles. One family to arrive at this time was that of Dr. Kunkler, with
his wife and son, who was about six years of age, and an incident
in relation to .them is worthy of record. An accident happened to
the doctor through which he was unable to travel on foot, and was
consequently obliged to ride in the wagon. They were traveling
with an ox-teem, and for this reason, the accident to him was very
unfortunate, since it was absolutely necessary for one of the party
to walk alongside of the team for a part of the time, especially when
traveling among the hills. Mrs. KunVler was a French lady, and
born in the city of Paris. She was of slight build, delicate in appear
ance, and unaccustomed to such hardships; but it was now abso-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 69
lutely necessary that she should take charge of the ox team, for a
time at least. All emigrants who cross the plains are well aware that
this is a very difficult duty to pei-form, even for a man. To attend
to and hunt the cattle, cook and wait upon the sick and the chil
dren also, an4to make ready for a start again — all of this the deli
cate French lady attended to in good style, aud walked alongside
of her team (for over 800 miles) which she managed like a veteran.

"dis AM A free KENTRV, .MASSA."
arriving, in Hangtown in August, '49, in the best of health and
spirits. The doctor and his wife have both crossed to the other side; but
the son, having inherited the profession of the father, practiced in
San Francisco until a short time ago, when he also joined the great
majority. Quite a number of slaves from Tennessee and Kentucky were
brought across the plains during thioi year, and were taken into the
mines by their masters. This kind of mining by slave labor did
not, however, prove a success, and was soon abandoned. One man

70 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
from Tennessee, brought his slaves, three in number, into Hang-
tow.i and located in a small gulch near Spanish Ravine. The claim
which they worked was rich, and the master was happy, although
his happiness was of short duration, for he was very much aston
ished at the close of one very pleasant day, when, as he. went to take
possession of the gold dust which had been Washed out during the
day. he was politely- informed by his rebellious subjects to " Jess
take his hands off frora dat ar gold dust, as it belonged to dera."
He was further informed that " Dey was now in a free country
and slaves no mor'; but if Massa was willin' to come in and work
with em on sheers he could do so."
He endeavored to reason with the boys, but in vain. He told
them that he would appeal to the law, which he finally did; but with
no better success, and he returned in disgust to Tennessee leaving
his slaves masters of the field, as well as of themselves.
Two slaves worked in the Spring of '50 in Log Cabin Ravine,
now Bedford ave. They were from the city of Louisville, Ky., and
owned by a very prominent physician at that place.. The doctor
had furnished his two slaves with a good teara and all necessary
supplies, and had sent them forth co earn their freedom, the agree
ment being that whe 1 they had forwarded to hira the sum of
twenty-three hundred dollars in gold, the master in return would
send them their " freedora papers." They were inforraed that they
were free raen, and it was unnecessary to send money to purchase
their freedom; but they were firm in their purpose to do just as
they had agreed with their master, and since he had trusted in their
word they should not disappoint him, and they did not. The money
was sent to their master through Adams & Co.'s Express, and 'n
due time they received their papers. In a few months afterwards
they forwarded to their late master the sum of eight hundred dol
lars also, as the price of their sister's freedom, and in the fall of '50
the met her brothers in Hangtown with her papers of deliverance in
her pocket.
There were no cradles or toms at this tirae in the mines, for the
reason that there was no water; but with the first rains, cradles
made their appearance, and towards Spring long toms were used,
but regular sluices did not come into use until a year later. The
first hole that vt^e dug after having raeasured off ahd staked our
claims, fifteen feet square to each man, in accordance with fhe miners'

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 71
law, gave us the gold very fine, and by the advice of a few veteran
miners who had followed the business off and on for nearly eight
days, we moved to other vacant spots nearer to the center of the
ravine (Oregon Ravine), where we found the gold much coarser
and easier to save. It was the custom for miners to get out to work
as early in the morning as possible, usually about eight o'clock,
and we quit work about four p.m. This gave us sufficient time to
finish our evening meal, and to dress up, ready for a long evening,
lounging through the various gambling houses and seeing the sights
in town, which, however, at this early day were not to be corapared
in number or in gorgeousriess with those of a year later. The chief
pleasure, however, among us was in visiting the cabins of each
-Other, and listening to the old yarns from the seafaring men, or in
tasting of some of their favorite dishes, which they had learned to
manufacture out on the ocean; such for instance as " dundefunk,"
" lobsconce," and a variety of others; to hear the various opinions
expressed upon the subject of cooking. It gave us the impression
that cooking was one of the fine arts, and that the only object in life-
or the chief aim in existence was to eat. Of course we, the novices
in the art, soon became quite expert in the chemical combination
necessary for dundefunk, lobsconce, hard and soft tack, etc., and
in a short tirae were able to boast of our dexterity, also, in whirling
a flapjack up through the chimney and catching it again in our fry
ing pan, right side up, l)y holding the latter out doors on the other
side of the house.
It was customary, also, among many of the miners to play all
kinds of practical jokes upon each other, and one amusement, in
particular, was to place a flat stone, or board, upon the top of a
chimney, and then to be near at hand in the morning when the vic
tims were trying to cook their breakfast amidst the sraoke, occasion
ally coming to the door with the tears streaming down their cheeks,
swearing until all nature around' looked blue. They would assert
that some " icifernal sea cook " had come in the night and stolen the
draught, or had turned the chimney "tother end up." It didn't
take long, however, to discover the cause, and then the remark was
"that Nantucket sea cook of a Tom Ferney done it," they knew.
It is necessary to explain here, as it may be the means of giving
a wrong impression in relation to the habits of the old-timers, to
elucidate what is meant by the boys dressing up after the day's work

72 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
was done. In all civilized societies the expression " to dress up "
signifies to change, or to alter one's general appearance by the
donning of "a biled shirt," store clothes and a plug hat, perhaps.

smoked out.

There was no necessity, however, in the mines tor being very par
ticular about the style. It is true that at this time there would be
found occasionally one who would shave or trim up his whiskers and
even don a fancy necktie, but he was looked upon with suspicion.

THE 'ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 73
His ancestors were sporting men, probably, and he had inherited the
"tendency. There was not, in the opinion of these old-timers, any
necessity or use in dressing up in " store clothes " or " biled shirts."
The "dress up," therefore, to which I had reference, consisted of
washing the face and hands, taking a fresh cud of fine cut (Mrs.
Miller's brand), or donning a clay pipe, well stocked.
All of my read.ers, perhaps, have during their lives many times
read of or heard discussed the old worn-out subject of "female in
fluence," but it is but very seldom that any of us are enabled to see
the effect of the absence of woman so practically illustrated as it was
in the mines. For the first two years, or up to the arrival of the
emigration from across the plains in the fall of '50, the condition of
the raining population, especially their carelessness in regard to
appearances, mode of life, and habits in general, showed conclu
sively that man, when alone, and deprived of that influence which
the presence of woman only can produce, would in a short time
degenerate into a savage and barbarous state.
At this time, also, there was but little necessity for law, except to
restrain the vicious element among the few. Mexican horse-thieves,
who had found their way into the mining regions, but this class.
Judge Lynch dealt with in a very sumraary style, and they soon
became scarce.- No standing army or armed force of policemen
were required to protect the rights of the forty-niners, for they were,
as a general rule, a class who respected law and order, as well as the
rights of others, and illustrated the fact that among a class of men
who are disposed to do what is right, with no desire to injure or
trespass upon the rights of others, no law for their government or
control is really necessary. It is very true, however, that in the
cases of raany who had occupied high positions in church organiza
tions in the East, upon finding themselves thus placed, afar
from all restraint and church influences, did reveal their true nature
by falling from grace and practicing habits that were strictly prohib
ited by ecclesiastical law. Yet these were the exceptions, only; not
the rule. We were, of course, under the jurisdiction of the U. S.
Government; but no laws could be put into force or executed as no
¦officers had been appointed for the purpose. We elected, however,
an Alcalde, according to the -Mexican custom, who decided all cases
•occurring in relation to the disputes among miners. All cases of a
criminal nature were decided by a committee of the whole, a jury

74 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
for the purpose being chosen from the mining community, and all
criminals being granted a fair and impartial trial.
But a change soon took place in our political affairs, for upon
November 13th, 1849, ^^^ constitution of the Territory was adopt
ed, and Peter H. Burnett was elected oui- first Governor.
The election to vote upon the adoption of the constitution and
for Governor in this portion of the mining region was held in the
hotel of Col. Bachus, Hangtown, and the border element was very
strongly opposed to the whole business, claiming that we did not
require law and order, constitution or Governor either; that we were
getting along well enough without them ; if the Yanks undertook to
play any sich nonsense they would be sorry for it ; they made some
show of resistance, but when they saw that the Yanks were in dead
earnest, and had corae to the place of voting weil armed and pre
pared to maintain law and order, they very reluctantly departed in
disgust and the constitution was adopted unanirnously.
The first persons hung in California subsequent to the gold dis
covery, were two Mexicans and an American. They were hung for
horse stealing and robbery during the fall of '48, in Hangtown, and
it was from this fact that the mining camp derived its name, and
although the camp has enjoyed the unenviable reputation of being
the place where many murderers and horse-thieves have been kindly
laid to rest by the citizens, in committees of the whole, yet only
one other individual was ever hung by the citizens of the place, and
that was Irish Dick, a young gambler, who was executed in the iall
of '50 for murder. A jury, composed of rainers, was chosen ; he
was granted a fair trial, declared guilty, and sentenced to be hung
from the old oak tree which stood upon the side of the hill across
the creek, at 2 p. m. of the same day. He requested permission to
leap from the limb of the tree, head foremost ; but this favor, of
course, could not be granted since it did not conform to the law,
and would be a very barbarous proceeding, as well as a bad prece
dent to establish, for in some parts of the country the trees were
very small.
The first rainstorm in the fall of '49 occurred October 13th. It
was a shower lasting but a few hours, and continuing in this raanner
throughout the winter months with light showers, but enough, how
ever, for the working of cradles; and now was inaugurated the
process of mining in a more business-like and profitable manner.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

75

Clairas, which by the panning process yielded daily but an ounce or
so, now gave down, by the use of the cradle, from one to ten

>>2:a

'S 5s;ffi>

'll,( I

ounces, and in sorae cases even double the last amount. The rich
est 'iart of any ravine or gulch, was, of course, near the center, or

76 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
where the water course had deposited the greatest quantity, conse
quently the first miners would confine their work chiefiy to such
portions of a ravine, and those who came after would work nearer
the banks, where the gold was usually finer and much lighter. By
the use of this raachine very high wages could be raade from gravel,
which would not pay to pan.
As winter approached, emigrants who had come by steamer and
across the Isthmus of Panama, as well as " around the Horn," now
commenced to arrive in great numbers, and not being satisfied with
the prospects of the camp scattered about in various directions
over the country in the search for new raines. Soon othef towns and
camps were started ; sorae very rich and valuable placer mines be
ing discovered in the vicinity of Hangtown. Great excitement
prevailed, and at this period of its history Hangtown contained
almost as large a population as the chief city of the country, San
Francisco, and a year later Eldorado was called the banner county.
The winter following passed without the occurrence of any events
in this portion of the country worth relating. The rains were light,
with but little snow, and the weather wa-m. Towards spring news
was received that rich mines had been found farther north. From
this fact it was conclud'jd that all the gold had originally been
washed down from the north by floods or broug'nt down by glacial
action ; consequently, the mines would be richer as you advanced
toward the North Pole. This belief was almost universal among
the mining classes, and some were so sanguine that such would
prove to be the case, that one rainer offered to bet, "that if yer'd
only go fur enough to the north yer'd find ther gold all coined and
sacked up, ready for shipping." Great preparations were there
fore raade for leaving the old worked-out raining regions in the
central portions of the State, and towards the spring of '50 the
stampede commenced for the Yuba, Bear River, and other rich
mining camps at the north.

CHAPTER VII

The Kanakas — The Dry Diggin's Deserted— Admission of the
State — Scarcity of Reading Mattel — The Cost of Let
ter Postage — The Ingenious Bartender — Prices of
Drinks — Celebrating the Fourth of July — Hard Char-
ACrERS.

1"^ ARLYin the Spring of '50, a numberof Kanakas fromthe Sand
ay wich Islands came up into the mines; but being of an amphib
ious nature, they concluded to prospect the bed of the South Fork

kanakas mining on the river.
of the American River. They found a depression in the bed of this
river sorae fifty yards in length and about fifteen feet deep. After
a little prospecting, they concluded that there was enough gold in
that cavity to satisfy them, and they proceeded to work the same in
the most primitive style. They procured a number of empty kegs-

78 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
to which rocks and ropes were attached. These were sunk at the
most favorable points, and the Kanakas, by diving down, would
shovel the sand into them. They were hauled up and the sand was
washed in cradles in the usual manner. But this deep cavity, like
many others upon the various rivers, contained but little gold, as
was afterwards discovered by a company that bought out the Kana
kas, for upon pumping out the water by the use of water-wheels, not
enough gold was found to pay the expense of working it.
The fact that the deep holes and depressions found in the river
beds of California contained but little gold was a singular discovery,
and an unaccountable phenomenon to the miners, for, owing to the
great specific gravity of gold, it should always settle to the lowest
places, and it is upon this principle that the miner is enabled to
make use of the cradle and sluices for the saving of gold. For
such reasons it was hard to explain why the greatest quantities
should be found on the higher riffles in our river beds and the less
amount in the deep cavities. The only explanation of this phenom
enon, in my opinion, is that these deep depressions found in the
river beds were scooped out by glacial action after the gold had been
deposited there.
About the raiddle of April in the spring of '50, the central mining
regions were almost entirely deserted. All business had ceased,
and within a radius of ten miles, where hundreds of miners were hard
at work but two or three raonths before, not more than six or eight
remained. In the creek, for a distance of four miles from the
upper part of Hangtown, to the village of Cold Springs, a distance
of about five railes, but -four miners were at work, all doing well,
and two of them to ray knowledge, were washirng out daily from six
to fifteen ounces. All hands had struck out for better diggings.
Did they find them ? A few, perhaps, but the greater portion of them,
who returned to their old mines in autumn, and found their claims
occupied by others, concluded that they rather raissed it. The rains
being over by the last of April, mining with cradles through the
sumraer season was irapossible, except in a few localities. In some
cases dirt was conveyed by ox teams and other means of trans
portation to where it could be washed, and other miners again would
throw up their pay dirt on the bank, ready for washing in the fall.
During the summer, an excitement was occasioned by the wish
and desire of all Eastern men, or Yankees (for at that time all per-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 79
sons from any point east of the Mississippi River and north of the
Ohio were called "Yanks" by all those who came from States
west of It), for the admission of the' State into the Union
And the State was adniitted into the Union on September 9th, 1850.
From this day, everything seemed to undergo an entire change, and
instead now of being a resident thousands of miles from home in a
foreign land, we had by an act of Congress been transferred, as if
by magie, into our own country, under the protection of the Stars
and Stripes. Officers were now elected, and the machinery of a
State Government put into motion. Posters could be found tacked
upon the trees, stating that certain candidates for the various
offices would honor our town by exhorting from a stump, or from the
top of a whiskey barrel, upon the topics of the day, and what they
would do if elected. Other candidates followed in proper time and
order. 1 forgot to mention that towards spring, in consequence of the
bad conditions of the roads to Sacraraento City, the prices of all
eatables advanced to fabulous figures : flour at one time selling at
$1 per lb., molasses and vinegar $2 a bottle, potatoes 1 1.50 per lb.,
and other provisions in proportion. An Ames' shovel was worth at
this time $16, and a good pair of heavy boots from $40 to $50 ; but,
with the opening of spring all was changed, and provisions were as
cheap as in any other portion of the State.
The principal and chief article of food at this early day was
the Chilean bean, and such was its value that in tinies of scarcity,
as is related by some writer who witnessed the incident very prob
ably, a miner seated upon a huge nugget of gold, offered the
trifling sura of $25,000 for a dish of pork and beans. This fact,
however, has been denied by those who ought to know.
The following bill of fare will give an idea of the cost of living
in the mining region at this period :
ELDORADO HOTEL,

Hangtown, January, 1850.
M. ELSTNER, - Proprietor.
soup.
Bean . . . . . $1 00
Ox-tail (Short) . . i 50

EN-rRKES.

GAME.

80 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
roast.
Beef, wild, (prime cut) .
" Up along . ....
" a la mode (plain) . ¦ ...
" with one potato (fair size) ....
" Tame, from Arkansas VEGErABLKS.
Baked Beans, plain, . ....
" Greased, ...¦••
Two potatoes (medium size) ....
" " peeled, ... • •
Sauer Kraut
Bacon, fried
stuffed
Hash, Low Grade
" 18 carats
Cod Fish Balls, pr. Pair
Grizzly Roast
Fried
Jackass Rabbit (Whole) .
Rice Pudding, Plain .
" with Molasses
" with Brandy Peaches
Square Meal, with Dessert Payable in Advance.
Gold Scales oji the end of Bar.
Books, papers and reading matter of any description were very
scarce articles in the mines at this early day, with the exception,
perhaps, of a few Bibles which were brought around Cape Horn.
An acquaintance, who occupied a log cabin near, inforraed rae that
the only book he was able to find was an old Farraer's Almanac, for
which he paid fi.oo, and', said he,, ;,
" I read that alraanac through and through, forwards and back.
wards, sideways and upside down, and by spring had acquired such
• a knowledge of astronomical science, that I could locate the signs
of the Zodiac blindfolded, stand on my head and calculate an
eclipse, foretell the condition of the weather for more than ten
years ahead, and prognosticate the value of the popcorn, baked ,
peanut, and chewing g-^m crops for the whole time."
Towards the spring of '50 a little event occurred here in this

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75

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75
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75
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50
75
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2
00
3
00
THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

8i

83 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
town for which it never as yet has received due credit or mention.
It was nothing more nor less than the organization of a temperance
society, and the first in the mining regions, at least, if not in the
State. Money was contributed, and a canvas house was erected
with a seating capacity for two hundred persons. Mr. Quereau, a
prominent lawyer, was chosen as the President, and Mr. A. W. Bee
as Vice-President. The Executive Committee consisted of G.
Wheeler, F. A. Bee and three others. Meetings were held two
evenings a week, upon which occasions old veterans in the business
would enlighten the audience upon the evils of intemperance in
general, as well as the horrors and dangers which would result from
frequent use of the vile compounds sold in the minmg regions for
pure liquor. But all things have an ending, and temperance socie
ties are no exception to the general- rule. In the autumn of '50
the greater portion of the active members of thv'' society had de
parted for other mining caraps, and it was finally abandoned for
want of patronage.
For the first six months after our arrival in the mines it was
hardly possible to get a letter frora our friends at horae, the only
chance being to send to San Francisco by sorae person who was go
ing down on business or for pleasure. At such times the cost of a
letter ranged all the way from f i to $2, and even in some cases as
high as $3 each, for the reason that the one who was willing to do
the favor was oftentimes obliged to buy a convenient position near
the post-office window in San Francisco rather than take his place
in line, and be compelled to remain in the city longer than was
necessary. But upon the establishment of regular mail facilities
into the mines, in the spring of '50, there was a change — we received
our mails regularly, and within four days after the arrival of the
steamer at 'Frisco. Upon the day of the arrival of the mail, eager
crowds of miners would gather in front of the office, and watch for
the appearance of the stage as it came into view over the top of
Hangtown Hill, and " there she coraes ! " would be the cry from a
hundred throats, as it first made its appearance. As the boys re
ceived their letters from Molly, Polly and- "Sary Anne," they
would take a seat upon sorae convenient old box or barrel, and
eagerly devour the contents, and the nature of the news, whether
good or bad, could be easily seen in their countenances.
"There," said Bob Hewitt, as he drew his coat sleeve across

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA:

83

his eyes, after having read his (letter while sitting upon a stump in
the street, " that's just my infernal luck ! "
"Why, what's the matter now. Bob?" his friends inquired.
" Matter ! why I have just got the news that I have lost a for
tune down in old Kentuck."
" How is that ? " they inquired.
" Well boys, don't you remember that little red-headed cuss who
worked with me over in the big canon last winter ? ''
"Oh yes."
"Well, he went home on a visit and I sent a lot of specimens
and presents by him to my gal, and I'll be doll garned if he didn't

an ungrateful pard.
tell her that I was dead and married her himself, the little cuss, and
she had a fortune too. Oh!"
A regular post-office was soon established with T. Nugent as
our first postmaster, and, if I am not mistaken, I think it was Mr.
Nugent who first gave to the camp the name of Placerville some
time during the spring of '51, although it continued to be known
and called Hangtown for three or four years afterwards, by the min
ing community.
At this early day, there was but very little coin, either of gold

84 ' THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
or silver, in use in the raining regions, aud gold dust was invariably
used for all business purposes. It was customary in all business
places, stores, hotels, aud bar-rooms, as well as in the barber shops,
to have upon the counter, or other convenient place, a pair of gold
scales for weighing the gold dust, with the proper weights for
weighing any desired araount, from the price of a drink of whiskey
to a sack of flour, the value of gold dust being est. mated at f 16.00
per ounce, or ^.80 to the penny-weight, as its standard value forthe
purchase of all commodities. In the use of fine gold dust in this
manner much was scattered and lost; but in some of the saloons
the ingenious barkeepers would take the precaution to cover the
floor below the scales with cloth or zinc, and by this means increase
their regular salary to some extent. Of one in particular it was said
that in handling sacks of gold dust, although he was generally very
careful, yet at such a time it was often observed that his hand had a
remarkable way of trembling violently. Thc consequence, was that
the cloth upon the floor below the scales panned out monthly an
average of about $100, which would have been entirely lost but for
the wise forethought of the bartender. One of the barkeepers in a
prominent saloon remarked that by the judicious handling of the
buckskin sack, and with a tight floor behind the counter it was an
easy job to realize $300 per month, and, furthermore, that he could
even improve upon that, when he felt real well.
The price of drinks at the bar in the mining regions, at this time
and during the winter of '49 and '50, were ?4 pennyweight or about
$ .50 for a single, and one pennyweight (heavy) for two drinks; but
it was not until the fall of '50 that drinks fell to the regulation price
of $.25 (fancy drinks extra), which price was maintained for several
years. At this early day, nothing could be purchased for a less sum
of gold dust, or coin, than I.25, and it was not until '54 that the
little innocent but insignificant dime came into circulation, which
was followed a few years later by the diminutive 5-cent piece and
the nickel, which will in their turn, no doubt, be accorapanied by
the I -cent coin, as our civilization advances to higher conditions of
development. Much has been stated in regard to the habits of the
early miners, of their intemperance and manner of spending their
money; but this is all a mistake, for they were as a general rule
industrious and temperate in their habits, and in fact more so in
my opinion, than any other subsequent emigration. The first tem-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

85

86 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
perance organization in our State was organized by these same
forty-niners. It must not be supposed that a residence in California on the
part of the natives of the Eastern States, would cause them to for
get the habits of their fathers, and pass over in silence or without
recognizing, the day upon which all Americans give full expression
to their patriotism. Araong us were very many who were born and
raised under the shadow of old Bunker Hill; consequently, it was.
absolutely necessary that we do honer to the day by celebrating it
in the usual raanner, a knowledge of which we had acquired in early
boyhood. Stumps and old logs were chai'ged with the powder;
guns and pistols were brought into service, and upon the morning
of the 4th they told the tale, belching forth the glad news, echoing-
through the hills that liberty and freedom had perched upon our
banner, and that the 4th of July had arrived in California, and was-
going to remain with us. A military company was formed, com
raanded by " Squire Bob " (Ed. Otis, of Boston), and with colors
flying, raarched to the tune of " Yankee Doodle " and other appro
priate military airs, performed upon drum and fife around through
the town, and when, late in the evening, we retired to our cabins, we
felt that we had done our share in the celebration of the day, and
although so far from our homes, in a strange land, yet we had not
lost nor sacrificed, in our desire for gold, one jot of our respect for
the old flag or love for our country, I should have mentioned that
at 10 a.m., exercises were held in the large tent used for a temper
ance hall, which consisted in singing the patriotic songs " Red,
White and Blue," " The Star Spangled Banner," and others of a
sirailar nature, followed by an oration delivered by Mr. Quereau.
It is probably well known that the news of the gold discovery in
California reached the Australian Colonies early in '49, and the
consequence was that large numbers of the colonists made their
way here imraediately, and among thera were a great raany ex-con
victs. This class went into the mines, and in '49 and '50 there were
a large number of them around Hangtown and in the immediate
vicinity. When these Sydney ducks (as they were entitled) were
informed that a 4th of July oration was to be delivered in Hang
town, they protested against it, and made certain threats that in
case any allusion should be made to England that was at all disre
spectful, the orator should suffer the consequences. Mr. Quereau

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

87

however, nothing daunted, mounted the platform, and, taking a
large horse-pistol from under his coat, he laid it upon the table
before him, and delivered his oration in grand style, taking very
good care not to forget old England, and he was not very particular
in the choice of his language in relation to the events which oc
curred during our struggle for Independence. But there was no
interruption frora the Sydney ducks, and it was well for them that
they kept good order during its delivery, for notwithstanding a dis
agreeraent among the residents of the extreme Eastern and Western

CURIOSITY SATISFIED.
portions of the Union, each one held an individual, undivided in
terest in 4th of July, and any attempt on the part of these Sydney
ducks to prevent or to interfere in any manner with the regulation
4th of July oration would have been fatal to them.
During the continuation of the celebration upon the evening of
the 4th, a slight accident occurred, although not of a very serious
nature, yet very unsatisfactory to an inquisitive mind. Dr. Ruddock
found araongst a pile of rubbish a keg, in the bottora of which was
a quantity of wet powder. The Doctor was curious to knowwhether
it would explode, and the only way to find out was to try it, and he

88 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
did. Placing the keg upon the ground in a suitable position, he-
stepped back a few paces from it, and with a shot-gun fired a charge
into the keg, and his curiosity was satisfied. He concluded the
celebration of the day in a very heroic manner, but remarked when
his friends, Luke Richardson, Hale Moore and Dr. Marshall were
painting and oiling his badly scorched countenance, that he thought
he had finished up the festivities ofthe day very creditably. Said he:
" I had no idea that the darned old keg would kick back in that
way ; but anyhow my experiment was a complete success, and
that's some satisfaction
Fresh beef vvas now very plentiful and cheap in all the mining;
• districts, and droves of wild Spanish cattle could be seen wending
their way over the hills and among canons, destined for the various
settlements. It required, usually, quite a large number of Mexican
cattle men, or Vaqueros, to drive a sraall drove of these wild cattle.
from Lower California to the mining regions, to prevent their
stampeding, which they will often do when becoming frightened.
Some curious scenes and narrow escapes of the miners among the
ravines were often witnessed, one in particular raore coraical thaa
serious, however. Upon the arrival into the lower part of the town
of a small drove of this species of beeves, they became frightened,.
aad the usual stampede aad scattering among raviaes aad gulches
in all directions was the result. A miner was seated upoa his stool,
washiag with his cradle. Oa the other side of him was the pit froai
which he was digging his pay dirt. This pit was about twelve feet.
sqUare aad about six feet in depth. Heariag a aoise ia the rear he
turaed his head, aad sa-w very near him a wild steer, with the loag.
regulatioa horas and with blood ia its eye. He had ao time to run,
but leaped over his cradle and iato the bottom of his pit. The
steer, not to be foiled, followed in his track over the cradle aad
iato the pit with the miner. They faced each other for a moment,
and it was difficult to tell which was the most frightened, the steer
or the miner.- The latter scrambled out as sooa as possible, aad
the steer was secured. This was the oaly iastance ever kaown of a.
miaer's claim beiag jumped by a wild steer.
About this time a storekeej.)er in town found amoag a load of
provisions hauled frora Sacrameato City, a barrel of provisions of
some kiad, which from all appearaaces aad smell was so badly dam
aged as to be uafit for use. It was therefore coasigaed to the rub-

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89

90 THE. ARGON AUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
bish heap in the rear of the store, where it was sooa covered up
with empty barrels aad boxes. The proprietor noticed that certain
emigrants frora the Fatherland would be seen occasionally prowling
arouad the back yard, apparently having lost something. But little
attentioa, however, was paid to them, aad oae day a burly L')utch-
maa came into the store, tired, covered with dust, aad said :
" I vants me some von dot, for I vas walked more as dea rniles."
The storekeeper remarked that he couldn't tell what "dot'' was.
"Veil, dea, I shows you vat I want. You shust corae mit me."
The storekeeper followed him to the rear of the store, and the
Dutchraan, poiatiag to the rubbish heap, remarked that " some of
dot ia dere vas vat he wanted."
The boxes and barrels beiag removed, the barrel of rotten meats
was exposed to view, aad he was informed that the contents were
uafit to eat.
" Ach, meia Gott! I kaows better as dot. You shust bust era
in, und I shows you."
The storekeeper, to satisfy him, with an axe "busted em in,"
and found to his astonishraent that instead of its being a barrel of
rotten hams, it was, in fact, a barrel of good, old-fashioned sauer
kraut of mature age made in Hollaad having been brought arouad
Cape Hora in sorae ship. When the storekeeper iaquired of the
raan how ia the world he kaew what was ia that barrel, with a toss
of his shaggy head aad with a vigorous saiff he replied :
" Veil, dea, I shust aose it ! "
This sauerkraut sold readily at a fabulous price, $[ per pouad
beiag coasidered very reasonable. The odor of it had beea wafted
by the winds though the Various ravines and gulches araoag the
hills, aad soon was scented by the Dutch miners from afar, who
carae from all directions to iadulge in the odoriferous compound
brought from the Fatherland.
Up to this time, quietness and peace had reigned and but few
quarrels had occurred among the residents of the country, and, as
I far as I know, no one had been shot. Neither had there beea aay
robberies coraraitted, for there was no neccessity of it since ull had
the opportunity of eagagiag in, what was at that period in the history
of the country, a very profitable business. Locks upon doors were
uaaecessary, and articles of value, as well as the gold dust in the
cradle, could be left upon the claim in perfect safety. It was from

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91

92 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
this fact that originated the old, worn-out term of "honest miaer."
Maay strange characters crossed the plains at this season; but
a very few, however, came with the intentioa of mining or of mak
ing a living by manual labor at all, the great majority of them being
bar-room loafers and gamblers. They all succeeded, however, in
making a living by the use of their capital, which consisted prin
cipally of their wits.
" Old Pike " was a character common in the gold regions, aad
specimeas of this geaus could be found in every raining carap.
They were generally advanced in years, good natured, and afforded
no little amusement to the miners.
The back-woods fiddler, usually frora Arkansas, was also a char
acter seen in every mining town, and his chief business was to seat
hiihself upon an old box or barrel by the saloon door, and give to
the miners who congregated in the town after the work of the day
was over a specimea of Arkaasas music, such as the real geauiae
" Arkaasas Traveler,'' with all its variations. By this means he was
enabled, at any rate, to sample the various liquors at the bar, which
answered also for victuals and clothing.
Another singular character in the mines was the genus generally
designated as " Dutch Charley." They were Hollanders by birth,
and sailors by occupation, aad singularly enough they were almost
invariably the most fortunate rainers in the camps in early tiraes.
Their claims were rich, and they enjoyed their affluence to the
highest degree, for it was ao uacommon sight to see one of these
" Dutch Charhes " paradiag ia towa, on a Sunday, with a huge gold
watch in each vest pocket and with an immense chain suspended
arouad his aeck and waist, with the ends reaching near to his knees.
These chains were made from gold nuggets, which were fastened to
gether with copper wire. But the career of this genus was short,
and as the rich raviaes were worked out many of them became very
poor and hardly able to raake a living, the majority finally return
ing again to the sea.
The circus must not be forgotten, for ia aay quarter of the
globe where an audience can be scraped together will be found
the circus. The first to make its appearance in this part of the
mining regions was Costello's. It was, I think, in the Auturan of '50.
He had the usual corapleraent of horses and riders, with the
clown as a chief feature, without which the circus would be a verj'

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

95-

tarae affair. The tent was usually crowded of an eveaiag with mea
aad women priacipally, for the small boy who crawls in uader the
caavas had not as yet put ia an appearaace ia the raiaing regioas,
being a later production, and only coming upoa the sceae as popu
latiou lacreased aad society was elevated to higher coaditioas.
In the first settleraent of the raiaiag regioas, game of all kinds
was very plentiful, but as the couatry became more thickly popu
lated, the deer aad other game remained higher up in the moua-
taias. Quail aad jack rabbits are even at this late day very plen-

DUTCH CHARLEY.
tiful. Lioas, as well as lyax aad wild cat, are oftea eacountered
by the prospector, but are geaerally great cowards, aad therefore
harmless. The grizzly bears, the king of beasts of this region, which
were often seen by the rainers, have emigrated to new pastures. It
was unsafe to encounter one of these aaimals ualess well armed.
Good ruaners aad good climbers they were no respecters of per-
soas, aad would attack a lawyer, doctor, or even a minister of the
gospel as readily as a coramoa miner, and eajoy it just as rauch. The
tarantulas also, were very numerous at this time, aad a daagerous
insect to frolic with ualess there was a mutual uaderstaading atthe

94

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.-

start. Many were bitten by them, and in a few cases the bites
proved fatal. Upoa campiag out amongst the tall grass, it was
found to be a very wise precaution to first turn your boots wrong
side out before putting them on ia the morning.
The grizzly is of all animals the hardest to kill, and for this
reason many hunters were very seriously injured and killed by them.
A miner, who was at work near town, came running in one morn-

TURN YOUR BOOTS.
ing with the news that he had just seen a big grizzly in the brush
behind his cabin. It took but a short time for the old Kentucky
hunting sport, Dan Boone, a descendant of the original Daniel, to
collect together other lovers of bear hunting, who, armed with the
long barrelled Kentucky rifles, were soon on their way in search of
his silver-tipped majesty. They found his trail, and followed it

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

95

for some distaace down the big cafloa, until they fiaally lost it
among the brush and rocks. They then went to the summit of .a
low hill to await future developments, but they didn't have loag to
wait, for the bear in the meantime had struck their trail, and
was lookiag for them. The animal was soon seen near the foot of
the hill, forcing its way through the thick underbrush towards them.
Booae was in comraand for the occasion, and arraaged his mea in
line ready for the word of command, and in a few minutes the great

^_ r

r''

TOO MUCH FOR THE BEAR.
animal came iato full view out of the brush and distaat from them
about 50 yards. Then came the order to fire, and the report of
nine rifles echoed among the ravines and caflons. The bear stop
ped, looked up towards the hunters, shook his head with a savage
growl, and continued to move upward toward their works. Boone
ordered thera to load hastily, aad at the word every man to fire and
then everyone for himself. Whea the bear had corae withia tweaty
yards of the liae, the order was givea to fire; but ruaniag was
uaaecessary, for the bear rolled over fromthe weight of lead. When
skinned, eleven rifle balls were found in its body. A miaer in Shasta

96

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

County towards the spring of '50, while out prospecting, was met
upoa a aarrow trail by a fiae healthy specimea of a grizzly, aad it
seemed determined to salute the astoaished miaer with aa affec
tionate and loviag embrace the latter resisted vigorously the loviag
advances of the brute, aad by a great display of courage aad activ
ity did succeed in saving his life, but not without receiving serious
injury, his face being badly torn and one of his eyes entirely de
stroyed. As the couatry became more thickly settled, the rattle-

THE PROSPECTOR AND THE BE^R.
snake, the scorpion, aad the tarantula, as well as all other danger
ous and venomous animals, followed in the trail of the coyote, wild
cat, deer, and the grizzly, for new pastures far away from the
haunts of men, the range of six-shooters, pateat breech loaders,
long range 42 calibre, whiskey, and the influence of civilization,
generally.

CHAPTER VIII.
Climatic Cha.vges — Appearance of Familiar Herbs — Rats —
The True Theory — Fall Emigration — Thc Johnson Cut
Off — The Target — The First Young Lady — A Spartan
.Mother — The Boys Up a Tree.
I'I' was often maintained by older heads, even at this time as well
as subsequently, that climatic changes followed emigration to aay
or all parts of the world, aad that various plaats also would follow
in their trail; but why was this ? Whatever the theory may be, we
fouad the fact oae of verity in our experieace ia Califoraia. Can
we ever forget the old-fashioaed herb bag of our boyhood days
suspeaded frora the rafters ia the garret, -which we used to take
delight in pelting with corn cobs aad other conveaient missiles, and
which contained the precious herbs and medical plants that our
grandmothers 'had carefully collected, dried and stowed away for
future use ? We surely can never forget our uapleasaat farailiarity
with a portion of the coateats of these same bags, when suffering
from those same complaints with which " grandma " so assiduously
aad successfully coped I Now, had the graadmothers who crossed
the plaias to make their homes upoa this side of the coatiaeat
brought with them the ancieat herb bag ? More thaa likely was it,
that from this bag, suspeaded from the hoops that formed the cover-
iag of the wagons, the seeds were scattered along the highways and
byways; for here in this far-distaat laad where aever before were
they seea or knowa, could the familiar plants be discerned, sprout
ing iato life among the raviaes aad gulleys. For iastaace, here
was the horehouad, the motherwort, the spearmint aad the eatire
family of mints, includiag of course the mint julep, aad foUowiag
later, the U. S. Mint. The wild parsnip, the wild turnip and the
catnip (includiag also in the list a great variety of other nips fouad
atthe bar), were additioaal evidences of the iaflueace of civilization,
upon the Fauna, Flora and herbaceous productions of new settle-
97

98 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
ments. The old fashioned mullein stalk, with which we were all
familiar in our boyhood days, delayed its appearance in California,
at least in the mining regions, until about the year '58, at which late
date it came in the following authentic manner :
A Mrs. Coates, a resident of Reservoir Hill, Eldorado County,
requested a friend in the State of Wisconsin to send her a package
of the cherry tomato seeds. The friend complied, and the seeds
were received in due tirne aad plaated. They thrived exceedingly,
attaiaing immense proportions far above the diminutive turnip and
radish plants around them; but it was found, alas, as they raised
their heads above the garden fence that the cherry tomato was
oaly a mulleia stalk. They were allowed to mature from curiosity,
and the seeds beiag blown into the water ditch near at hand the
plaats became profusely scattered throughout this portion of the
miaiag regioas. In referriag agaia to the appearance of the plaats
before mentioaed seeming to follow upon the trail of emigration, it
is proper to mention here a mysterious phenomenon which was
observed afterwards in the appearance of new varieties and species
of plants, found in the raining regions wherever the surface soil had
been disturbed, or where the dirt and gravel frora below had been
thrown upon the surface and exposed to the action of the sun and
atmosphere On these piles of dirt, sand or gravel, new species of
plants would be often found that had not previously been seen iri
the locality. This phenomenon has for many years been reasoned
upoa, by not only the miaiag class, but by many able scientific men
as well, ia relation to the new species or plants, that spring forth
from the soil and gravel that have beea drawn up from great depths
below the earth's surface. Maay theories have been advanced in
explanation of the phenomena, and by raany scientific men it is
maiataiaed that the seeds of such plants have been lying in a dor
mant state for centuries, perhaps, below the surface; but could aot
germiaate uatil exposed to the sun or atmosphere. We find upon
visiting again the raining regions where we worked in early days,
that the hills and ravines in many places where originally there
stood here and there an oak, are now covered by a thrifty growth
of pine trees, maay of thera now nearly 40 years of age and of great
size. The question, therefore, arises as to what caused these young^
pines to start from the ground after the miner had commenced his
labor of extracting the gold.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

99

Why had they not started previous to the discovery of gold; if
mining amoag the raviaes aad hills changed the conditioas which
were necessary to make the coming of the young pine possible,
what then were the conditions, and what was the nature and cause
of the change ? In the iavestigatioa of this phenomenoa, I fouad
¦oae fact well demoastrated, and that is that these young pines
spring into life from the ground only in those localities where oak
trees had been standing, and which had been cut aad removed from
the grouad. It was upoa this aow vacaat grouad that the youag
piaes carae forth in such aurabers, aad so thickly, as though the
pine nuts had been sown ia the same manaer as graia would have
beea. Frora this fact, it is evideat that the reraoviag of the oak is
the condition or the change required to bring thera forth; but yet
the question still remains unanswered. I found raany localities
now covered with this thick growth of pines that formerly but a
few only of the oaks had occupied (and in some cases they were at
least 150 feet apart), so it could not have been, as has been main
tained, that it was owing to their shading the ground that the
young pines had not before sprung up. Some scientists who
have written upon this subject raaintain that the seeds of the pine
are scattered just beneath the surface of the ground; but, owing to
the shade of the oak, they cannot germinate, aad lie there dormant
for hundreds of years, perhaps, until the conditions become favor
able for their growth. My interpretation of this phenomenon is,
that this soil is natural to the piae, or ia other words the proper
elements which bring iato existeace this species of vegetation, as
the pine tree, are indigenous to the soil, for the reason, ao doubt,
that all of these barren places were ia some pre-historic age,
covered with piaes; but. ia consequence of unusual dry season or
by fire had become destroyed. Then again the question arises,
that since the oaks are not natural to the soil in these locatioas,
how then carae they there ? This can be explained by the fact that
the natives who inhabit these regioas subsist upoa the acoras to
some exteat, and by thera are scattered among the hills throughout
the country; they become imbedded ia a short time beaeath the
surface, germinate, and grow iato great oaks. An accidental pro
duction, therefore, not natural to the soil, but which extract from
it certain important eleraents necessary for the growth of the pine^
aad the latter, as a consequence, cannot spring into life uatil the

IOO ' THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
former are removed. Ia other words, it may be stated that siace
the existence of aay form of life, whether vegetable or animal, can
only be possible when the conditions are favorable for such an
existence, it is therefore very evident that the growth of the oak
tree upoa this soil chaages, ia some peculiar maaaer, those coadi
tioas which are accessary for the growth of the piae; consequently,
the latter cannot have aa existeace uatil the coaditioas are readered
favorable by the reraoval of the forraer. That such is the true
theory has beea well deraoastrated, ia ray opiaioa, ia a few instances
here ia Califoraia in the case of the wild oats, when a field of
wheat has been transformed or changed into the former. Wild
oats beiag iadigeaous to the soil, or, ia other words, the proper
elements beiag contaiaed within the soil necessary to produce
this variety of cereal will under certain coaditioas, for instance,
such as plowing, cultivation, or in stirring of the loose soil, spring
forth spontaneously without the necessity of previously sowing the
seed, and thus preventing the germination of the wheat. This
siagular pheaoraeaoa has occurred upon three separate occasious
here to my kaowledge, aad is, as far as ray kaowledge exteads, a
pheaomeaon that has never beenkaowa to occur in aay other coun
try except upon a much smaller scale.
But the question might very properly be asked, Since these pines
are iadigeaous to the soil, and await the time when all proper con
ditioas are favorable for their, growth, why do they aot come forth
aad cover the ground previous to the growth of the oak, as well as
after the latter has been reraoved ?
The orily explanation of this in my opinion is, so far as it is pos
sible to uaderstaad the phenomenon, that the presence of the oak
growing upon the heretofore barren soil, raakes the conditions in
some pecuHar manaer favorable for the germination of the pine, by
traasferriag such elements from the atmosphere to the soil as are
favorable for it, or otherwise extracting from the soil certaia ele-
meats which are obaoxious to its growth, aad for such reasons,
therefore, upoa the removal of the oak the young pines make their
appearaace; at any rate the phenomenon exists, .whether the above
explanation is the true one or aot.
There also was sooa seen the old faithful family house-dog, who
had followed patiently and wearily through ^andy deserts and over
mountains the train of his master to find a aew and a more pleasant

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

home upon the Pacific slope; but up to the spring of '50 not a siagle
cat, or " Kitty," was seen la this part of the miaiag regioas. Maay
started with the traias but died before reachiag here. In the fall
of '50 maay were occasioaally seen, having been brought from

THE FIRST RAT IN
THE MINES.

Oregon and the lower part of California. Doraestic aniraals will,
like the herb, and for similar reasons (if any one can explain what
they are), follow ia the trail of..advancing civilization, for here now,
at this early day, when we have only scarcely arrived, and have

I02 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
hardly had time to get squared around and get located, or to look
about us, we find among us the familiar plaats, the faithful house
dog, the occupaat of the hearth coraer — the cat, and now but one
thing, or but one more animal, is wanting to complete the comple
ment needed to give all the appearance of aa Eastern home which
we have deserted, perhaps forever, aad that is the affectioaate aad
the docile rat. Oh, where is the rat ! why has he so long delayed !
" He is here ! here he is I hello, boys, boys, quick ! he has come
at last !"
A rush and a comraotioa in the street outside gave evidence of
sorae tragic event which had occurred, or was about to take place-
Mea were ruaaiag from all directions; sorae with guas, pistols aad
weapons of various descriptions and calibre, frora- a bean blower to
a mountain howitzer, and all appeared to be concentrating their
forces toward a certain grocery store, in front of which were a num
ber of men who were hopping, stamping, aad jumpipg around upon
a pile of straw. All were evidently ia the last stages of " jimjams,"
for they all swore that they had seea a big rat, while others again,
who seemed more quiet aad composed, maintained that, although
they had'nt seen him, yet they were positive that they smelled him.
Yes, it was true, for soon its body was found in the straw, horribly
mangled, so much so that its counteaaace was unrecognizable, but
its tail was, and that told the tale of its species. It had sponged its
way up from San Francisco in the straw of a crockery crate, and
thus ended the career of the first rat that arrived in Hangtown, on
or about March i, 1850.
The arrival of every ship into Saa Fraacisco brought its full
complement of rats from various parts of the world. The conse
quence was that, by the fall of '50, the chief towns aear and con-
veaieat to San Francisco were overrun with this species of animal.
Duriag a walk through the priacipal street in Sacramento in the
eveaiag, after the business of the day was over, they could be seea
ia swarms, aad in some localities it was even difficult to walk along
without steppiag upoa the iriaocent creatures. Oa oae sidewalk
in particular, in J street, I think, upon which were piled sacks of
graia aad produce of various kinds, could be seen rats by the thou
sands, of all sizes and nationalities, crawling in among, through,
and over these sacks in every direction; through tunnels, down
shafts and drifts, in true miner's style, and from their sleek, healthy

THE ARGONAUTS 01 CALIFORNIA.

103

104 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
appearaace they had evidently struck it. They were different in
natioaality, which was evideat from their choice in the selection of
food; for iastaace, ia among a pile of sacks containing Cabbages, were
the Dutch species of rats, brought over in some ship from Holland.
There was ao mistakiag their birthplace, for scraps of Bologna
¦sausage were scattered about, aad the scent of Limberger cheese
was perceptible. Upon a pile of sacks containing corn, was seen
a number of very healthy corpuleat chaps who appeared to be
eagaged ia debatiag some importaat questioa. They were prob
ably of Eaglish stock, aad were holding a debate upon the corn
laws. Upoa a pile of sacks which were filled with wheat, was seen
a large auhiber of rats of all sizes and descriptions: some with
loag tails, some with short, aad some with ao tails at all. They
appeared to be eagaged ia a fierce warfare over some very import
aat question, and were scratching, biting, pulling and hauling each
other around in a raost vicious manner. A closer observation evi
denced the fact that these were the true American species, and were
wheat brokers "oa 'change." There was no mistaking the nation
ality of those rats prospecting among the stack of potato sacks
beyond, for staadiag erect upoa the top of it, in a very striking atti
tude, with its paws up ia Yaakee Sullivaa style, was a huge rat, its
loag tail carelessly thrown over an immense potato in front of it,
and in imagination we heard it reraark to its companions around it:
"Now, me lads, bring on the b'ys who'd be afther jest treading
on me foiae tail, thia ! "
A pile of mats containing rice was honored by the presence of a
lot of Chinese rats. The style of eating, and the manner of hand
ling the chop-sticks was an evidence of this fact.
The time was now aear at hand when the semi-civilized condi
tioas uader which the earlier emigraats had beea living, were to be
changed ; for there was quite a large eraigration oa its way from
Missouri, Texas and other States west of the Mississippi, and among
them were some of the most desperate characters of the frontier.
The first arrivals of the emigraats created ao little degree of excite-
meat amoag the youager portion of the comrauaity, especially from
the fact that it was Iearaed that a number of young ladies were on
their way to the mining regioas, aad would probably pass through
the towa. About this time, which I thiak was in August, '50, quite
a large number of miners were at work in and near the creek, along

THE ARGONAUTS OI CALIFORNIA.

ffi3

El

¦ H^"^

W^^^. ...

105 1

io6 IHE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
the margin of which was the regular emigrant road, following the
course of the creek for nearly two railes.
It was late in the afternoon of oae pleasant day that the news
was passed along down the creek, from the miners above to others
below, that a train was coming in which a very pretty young lady
was the chief attraction. A dust cloud was soon seen away above,
showing that the train was near at hand, and the miners left their
work and arranged themselves near the road. As the train ap
proached, the young lady was seen in advance riding the old family
gray raare, and apparently unconscious of the sensation which she
was the innocent cause of producing among that crowd of un
washed, uncombed and unshaven miners.
She was, as all would swear to, a very pretty girl from the State
of Kentucky ; the daughter of a colonel who was a veteran of the
Mexican war. Of course, it would never answer for ladies who
had been traveling over mountains aad saady deserts for three or
four mouths, to appear again in a civilized community in traveling
costume, so a halt had beea made previous to their eatry, a few
miles above, and toilets properly arranged. The young lady was
dressed plainly but neatly in a common blue calico dress, with a
yoke attachment at the. top, heavy flounces around the bottom cut
bias style, but no paniers to speak of. She wore a broad-brimmed
Leghorn, milk-maid style of a straw hat, and a broad, black velvet
ribbon arouad her neck.
The other members of the family had not been so particular
aad looked just like all other emigraats. The wagon contaiaed, of
course, the aged pareats, with the usual complemeat of tow-heads
found araong all emigrant traias.
The remarks made by the various miners as the young lady
passed along upon the old gray mare were very amusing. One.
youth remarked that, " Them eyes of her'n are jest exactly like my
Mary Jane's," and another one says, "Now that nose and chin and
her hair, too, is exactly like my Marthy's down in Kennebunk."
" But ain't she lovely, though ? " asked another, and so on, each
one remarking how much she resembled and reminded him of
some one often thought of away across the continent.
Oae youag maa 'had the audacity to remark, in the hearing of
them all, that " That young Kentucky gal wern't half so good look
ing as his Matilda Jane down in Jersey,'' and they gave the youth

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 107
to understand that they would have a settlement with him for ex-
pressiag such an opinion. But the next morning, on coming out to
work, they found two stakes driven upoa this youag maa's claim,
aad oa one was aa old sua-boaaet, while oa the other was fasteaed
a young lady's slipper. He had evidently purloined these from the
wagon during the silent watches of the night, knowing them to be
the property of the young lady from Kentucky. Under such cir
cumstances i: was evident that he had repeated of his rashaess, aad
he was freely forgivea upon the coaditioa that he would make a di-
visioa of the plunder, which he did.
The train weat iato camp aear town, and after the day's work
was done, many of the younger boys lounged around in the vicinity
of the strangers' camp to get a sight of the pretty Kentucky girl.
While she was engaged in frying pancakes for the evening meal,
a young, sandy-haired -miner proposed to purchase one of them from
her. She said that they were not for sale, but that she would give
him oae with pleasure, which she did by droppiag it hot from the
pan iato his haad,aad he returned the compliment by dropping iato
her hand a very pretty gold specimea, which she refused to accept.
Upoa a little persuasioa from the modest youth she chaaged her
mind, however, aad slipped it iato her pocket.
The emigraats coatiaued straggliag in, some oa foot and alone,
and others in trains drawn by horses, mules or oxen. The variety
of vehicles was legion, as some had two wheels and others four ;
while oae man, a tall, saady-haired Scotchman, rolled along over
the dusty road, over mountains, through rocky canons aad across
the barrea desert frora St. Jo, ia a carriage with but one wheel, to
wit, only a common wheel-barrow.
The emigrants of this year suffered terribly in consequence of
the scarcity of grass for aaimals, for which reason many cattle died,
and the emigrants were compelled to finish their journey for hun
dreds of miles oa foot. There were aumerous deaths from exhaus-
tioa, starvation and disease. After their arrival in town, however,
maay died from over-eatiag, and in some cases it was necessary to
restrain them by raain force from gorging themselves while at the
dinner table.
Four young raen in town procured horses, and, loading them with
provisions cooked ready for use, started out to feed the starving
emigrants. A few miles from town they encountered an ox team

io8

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

which was standing in the road. The driver, a large, powerful man,
was seated in the road in the dirt aad dust in front of them gaaw-
iag, or rather suckiag, a small piece of pork riad,aad in the covered
wagon was found the wife and mother, with two or three children,
engaged in a sirailar occupation. It was the last of their supplies,
and upon which they had subsisted for the previous two days. The

EMIGRATION OF '50.
young men, therefore, furnished them with the necessary supplies
at once. •
A. few miles further on they saw ahead of them, in the road, a
man covered with dust and dirt and hatless, running at full speed
towards them. They discovered that he was an emigrant, and that
starvation had, doubtless, made him partially insane. He was pur
sued and caught, aad after being fed he recovered sufficiently to be
able to give his name. He stated that a few miles back upon the

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

109

road he had passed a woraan, with her husband, who was sick in the
wagon, and with three or four youag childrea.
"The woraan," he said, "was frying over the fire a few little
cakes, aad I asked if she would give rae oae as I was starving. She
said that she would to save my life, but that those four little cakes
were the last that she had to divide amoag six of them. I told her
that if that was the case I would not rob her."
And from that time he stated that he seemed to lose all con-
sciousaess. By the afternoon of the second day out upon their charitable
mission the young men had distributed their supplies amoag the
suffering, and camped for the night at a spring near the road. To-

WHAT S UP.
wards evening, as they v/ere sitting by their camp fire, they observed
away across on the opposite side of a steep cafloa, an animal of
some kiad, but owiag to the distaace could not tell whether it was
a horse, cow or bear. They fired several shots with their rifles ia
that directioa, but without effect.
It was about daylight the next morning when they were aroused
from a sound sleep by a terrible aoise and stampede araong their
horses. Upon investigation was discovered, at a short distance
through the darkness, the form of some animal which had very
much the appearance of a huge bear, as they had oftea seen por-

IIO THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
trayed in their picture books when boys. They concluded not to
investigate aay further at present, but vied with each other to see
who could climb up a tree the quickest. The grizzly, for such it
proved to be, was the strange aairaal seen upon the flat across the
canon, and which they had beea using for a target. Instigated by
a similar feeling, presumably, and with an intense desire to see who
the, to it, strange animals were upon the hill, it had traveled up
around the head of the caflon, a distance of about twelve miles,
to satisfy its curiosity and to see what was up, which it soon found,
on looking up araong the lirabs of a big pine tree.
After devouring everything in sight that was eatable, as well,
also, as many things which were not so rauch so, the grizzly cast its
eyes up towards the boys, and with a knowing wiak hoped they
would corae that way often to practice target shooting, and departed.
The third night out, and on their way home, they camped at
what was then called " Leek Springs," on the regular emigrant road.
They picketed their horses as usual before retiring for the night,
but found, to their astonishment in the morning, that the trusty
steeds had been stolen. After tracking the aaimals for a few miles,
they saw among the tall grass a large baad of horses, well guarded
by mouated Mexicaas, which had beea stolen frora the emigrants
for the two previous years.
Upon arriving in towa the facts were reported and an expedi
tion started imraediately to capture the thieves, but too late, as the
marauders were on their way to Lower California, led by the noted
bandit Joaquin, it was supposed.
A two-wheeled, covered cart, drawn by a very diminu
tive yoke of oxea, which passed through the town at this time
created much amusement. It was under the management of a
stately Pike County dame. She was about fifty years of age, with
loag ringlets dangling from the sides of her head, and was dressed
in the latest and most approved style of bloomer costurae. As this
stately dame marched with a dignified and majestic tread alongside
of her team, carrying upon her shoulder the usual regulation Mis
souri ox gad, she presented a fine appearance, and as old Mike (a
venerable Greek) remarked :
" Be jabers, thia, she remiads rae of a Spartan mither with her
chariot, do yez see, searching upon the faild of battle for the bodies .
of her brave b'ys ! "

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

It was, however, a fair illustration ot what it is even possible for
a womaa to accomplish whea she takes a aotion.
The road across the Sierra Nevada range of mountaias, over
which the emigraats were obliged to travel, in order to pass through
Hangtown, was called the old Tremont trail, aad was a very rough
road; crossiag deep canoas aad rocky poiats, but a maa by the
aame of Jack Johnson who was accustomed to mountain travel and

THE SPARTAN MOTHER.
famous for opeaiag new trails and "cut offs," succeeded ia the fall
of '49, or spriag of '50 rather, in finding a much better, as well as a
shorter trail, which the eraigration of following years took advan
tage of. It was used for maay years, aad uaiversally kaowa as the
" Johnson Cut off," and, by the way, it was supposed to save about
thirty railes of travel.
Sorae eighteen or twenty years subsequent to the finding of

112 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
this trail, Mr. Johnson had occasion to stop over night in Placer
ville, at the Cary House, aad occupied a room ia the second story.
He was tired aad restless, aad awakening in the night, not knowing-
where he was, and seeing before him what he supposed was an
open door, which was in fact a French window opening to the floor,
he walked out of this window, falling to the ground below, aad
breaking an arra in the fall. Aa old tiraer who was preseat, the
aext day with a piece of chalk wrote upon a board, placing the
latter agaiast the buildiag beneath the wiadow:
THE JOHNSON CUT OFF.
But the old timer was raany years behind the tirae for such a joke
to be understood and appreciated; for nearly tweaty years had
passed, aad the history of " Johason's Cut off " had loag since been
forgotten, or reraerabered oaly as a traditioa; and all those who saw
the sign, with a couple of exceptions, asked what it raeaat. Becom-
iag conscious at leagth that evea here, too, time was puttiag ia its
work, with a sad heart he removed the board from its position,
remarking to another old timer near him:
" Dan ! the time alas, is drawing near whea the boy will inquire -
of his father:
"' Pa, what is an old forty-niaer, anyhow? The school-teacher-
gave the coauadrura to-day, for us to guess.' "
" The father referring to Mark Twain; ' Phoeaix,' the Argonauts .
of California,' and numerous other ancient records will answer, that
many long years ago, a few adveaturers from the Eastern States
hearing that here upon the Western Slope the discovery of the
ancieat site of Paradise had been made, and that reraaants of the
richly paved streets of the New Jerusalera had also been found
scattered over the couatry, veatured forth in quest of this earthly
Edea. They brought with them in their ships all the various tools,
implements, aad devices for collecting together the scattered rem-
aaats of the holy pavement, and traditioa states also, as well as from
the fact that araidst the debris aad ruias of aa old edifice of some
descriptioa in. Saa Fraacisco was fouad many years siace a huge
bear carved in stoae, coafirmiag the traditioa that this was the site
of aa edifice erected by this race of people (the Forty-ainers) and
used as a place of resort for social gatherings, and as a raeans of
keeping in reraerabrance those early days and perpetuating the .

. THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 113
names of the raost promiaeat of those who took a part. And the
inquisitive boy would probably ask:
" ' Are the names of aay of these yet remerabered. Pa ? '
" ' Yes, but only oae that I now remeraber of,' the father would
answer; for it was the tradition that at that early period of time.

THE ARGONAUT AND HIS MULE.
a raule was oftea seen wauderiag araoag the hills aad cafioas,
goiag in various directioas, but without aay apparent desire on the
part of the fraak and energetic lookiag Argoaaut upon its back to
go aaywhere in particular, only so he got there oa time. ' Traditioa,
my son, further tells us that this rider's aame was Pixley, aad that
he was probably huatiag for some office.' "

114

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

" ' Well,' the boy asks, ' did he find it,' Pa ?
" ' Tradition tells us that he did later— a printing office.'
" ' Well, Pa,' the boy will again ask; ' the name of the man who
first found the gold was known, wasn't it? '
" ' Yes, so it was supposed for many long years, and they even
erected a monument in Colomo to perpetuate his memory; but alas
for the uncertainty of all human knowledge, an eccentric and ingen-

THE CHIEF COOK.

ious individual who made cyphers aad oughts his study, made the
discovery by a peculiar coaibination of them, that the first person
who discovered gold here in California was not a maa, but a womaa,
who was eagaged as chief cook for one of the Indian chiefs, and
that she found it ia the dinner pot. While cooking for her royal
master a Shanghai chicken, the old chief noticed that it had a very
yellow, sickly appearance, and remarked :
" ' Not muchee bellie good, alle same sick.'
" ' And the cook, in searching for the cause, found a small frag-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 115
ment of pavement imbedded in its gizzard. Holding it aloft with a
triuraphant gria, she exclairaed to her royal lord aad raaster:
" ' Oh ! go way wid ye now, ye ould hathea. Do yez moind this
now? For shure, aad 'tis mesilf that's the first one to place me oi
squarely upon the likes of this; a bit of the howly pavemeat aad
pure vargin gould. It is aow, do yez moiad ? "
".' Aad this siraple iacident, my soa, was the first foundation in
the structure of this great and glorious empire, California, where it
was your good fortune to first seethe light of day.'
" ' Well, it was fuaay, wasn't it. Pa ? for the books tell us that
one empire in the olden times was saved by a goose, and here is an
other one founded by a Shanghai rooster.'
" Daniel, let us enter in yonder open doorway, lean upon the
bar, and weep."
They immediately did forthwith enter therein; and leaning sadly
upon the bar, did — smile.

CHAPTER IX.

Sickness in the Mines — Earthquakes — The Steamboat Men —
A Miners' Meeting: — Lucky Bill — Kit Carson — The Finan
cial Condition of the Miners — Australian Mike and His
Tin Can — Portuguese Jo — The Divining-Rod.

M

UCH sickness prevailed araong the raiaing classes, caused, as
was generally believed, by the very unhealthy clira'ate ; but
which, ia fact, caa be better attributed to their habits, aiode of life,
aad iateraperaace ia eatiag aswell as in drinking. Typhoid and
bilious fevers wefe the usual complaints, from which many died.
One fact was remarkable ia relatioa to those who suffered from the
.various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the
sickaess aad mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the
most robust aad able-bodied men. The explanation doubtless is
that the healthy, stroag aad able-bodied mea were more careless in
their habits and mode of life ; placed less restraint upoa their appe
tites, aad therefore suffered the coasequences. Those, on the other
hand, of a weaker physique were more careful of their habits, took
better care of themselves, and therefore suffered but little from dis
ease, proviag the possibility that even the iavalid, uader proper
coaditioas aad ia the -use of his reasoaiag faculties, may be long-
lived. At this period, also, great aumbers returaed to their Eastera
homes, believiag this to be the most uahealthy climate of aay por
tion of the coatineat, aad oae where ao Northe;a or Eastera man
could dwell in safety, in consequence of the duration of the long,
dry seasons which in some years continued for a space of eight and
tea moaths (as we were iaforraed), whea not a cloud obscured the
sua or not a drop of rain fell. It was also feared that the accessa
ries of life could aot be raised frora the soil. For this reason it
was thought that aay laterfereace with the commuaicatioa by water
between this and the East or other portions of the earth would

THE ARGON A UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

117

cause great inconvenience and suffering araong the residents of the
mining regions. But one of the greatest dangers which, as we were
inforraed, we would be compelled to encounter in this new and un
settled country, and from which there was no possible escape, was
the destructive earthquake. The Indians told us that they were so
frequent sorae years that the hills and mountains were in almost
constant motion. The squaws, they asserted, took advantage of the
fact by suspending their papooses from stakes driven into the

the PAPOOSE LULLABY.
ground, and the gentle swaying of the hills during the contiauaace
of the earthquakes would rock the latter to sleep.
That diseases should prevail at this time seems paradoxical, for
great additioas had been made during the past few months to the
medical fraternity, in this portion of the raiaiag regioas, at least, by
the arrival of Drs. Ruddock, Chamberlaia, Baker, Smith, Harvey,
Cook, Keane, Buraham, Hall, Vaa Vleck, Marshal, Titus, Childs,
Foster, Shober, aad a few others whose naraes I have forgotten.
These, in conjunction with those of aa earlier date of arrival, coa-
stituted a forraidable array of medical talent that was corapetent to

ii8 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
battle with aad to resist the destructive effects of all diseases. They
failed ia raany cases, however ; but whether owing to the very un
healthy nature of the cliraate, or want of skill in the fraternity,
would be perhaps difficult to decide.
A story is told in relation to one of these physicians, and is-
worth relating, from the fact that oae of the principal actors is, at
the present time, a resident of Saa Francisco, and can be seen oc
casioaally arouad the wharves, or on board of one of the various.
steamers, although his occupation is gone and the Colonel has out
lived his usefulness.
Dr. Ruddock had built a house upon Stony Point, and was
about getting ready to move into it, whea he fouad one evening, to
his astonishment, that a company of emigrants, which had just.
arrived from St. Louis, had jumped his premises and refused to give
up possession. They were five ia aumber aad were stearaboat rua
ners from St. Louis. Complaint was made to Mr. Wallace, the
Justice, aad Alex. Hunter, the Constable was ordered to eject them.
Returning to the office again in a few raiautes he reported that the
parties who had juraped the Doctor's house didn't eject " worth a.
cuss." He was then authorized to raise a posse for the purpose,
which he did, but oaly to be laughed at by the house jurapers, and
he was forced under the circurastances to make a similar report to
headquarters, aad furthermore that they positively declared that
" there wasa't Yaaks enough in Hangtown to drive thera out,
either." But it happened just at this crisis that Col. Rogers, our
recently elected sheriff, rode iato towa, aad was made acquaiated
with the trouble, and requested by the Judge to raise a posse aad
drive the intruders out. The Sheriff remarked that he would attend
to the little affair at once, but that he coasidered himself posse
enough for the busiaess. Upon his arrival at the house he found
the door fastened, and upon deraanding admission he was ordered
off, and he weat off — about four feet — when he returned again with
full force against the door which gave way with a crash, and he
followed it into the room.
As he entered he saw standing near the door a number of rifles.
Seizing one of these, he cocked it, and aiming it at the nearest man
he demanded an instant evacuation of the premises, which followed
iraraediately in the easiest and quickest manner possible, without
regard to order, raethod or raanner of goiag, their chief desire being

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

119

THE STEAMBOAT RUNNERS.

I20 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
to get out. The windows in the rear being more convenient and
easy of exit, the five steamboat runners, with the valiant Colonel in
the rear, tumbled out in the quickest maaaer possible, uader a full
head of steam, with a velocity of about two miles per miaute, aad
were aot able to pull up until they had reached the next lanuing, a
few miles below town.
I have before raentioned that there were very maay hard char
acters who carae iato the raiaes at this seasoa. Amoag' them were
the faraous and aotorious Pike Couaty Missouriaas, maay of whom,
however, were mea of good character. A greater portioa of theai^
it is true, were just the reverse, a reputation which they enjoyed for
many years ; so that to charge a man with beiag from Pike Couaty ,
was an insult to be resented. Maay of this class eagaged in miaiag
if they could by aay means get possession of a good-paying claim
without the necessity of huntiag for it. The consequeace was that.
a goodly aumber of thera were occasionally injured through their
taking possession of claims which they had no right to, aad miners'
meetiags were frequeatly called to drive these claira jumpers from
misappropriated ground.
Two young aiea discovered a rich lead upoa a low divide aear
the head of Big Caflon, a few miles from towa, and upoa goiag out
to work oae morniag they fouad that four of these- claira jurapers
had takea possessioa of their ground aad had removed their stakes,
placiag their own iastead. The young raen called a miaers' meet-
iag, aad the day foUowiag about fifty miaers aaswered the call, aad
orgaaized by electing a chairmaa. After due investigation it was
decided that these youag men owned the grouad ia dispute, aad
that the jumpers must pull up their stakes aad vacate. The jurap-
ersj however, made ao defense, remarkiag oaly after the decision
was renaered agaiast them, that they would like to see the man who-
would pull up their stakes, at the same time drawing their weapons.
There was a young maa preseat as a spectator who had not takea
any part ia the raeeting, although interested in the proceedings.
This young raan drew his gun, aad stepping out from the crowd said
to the jurapers :
" You would like to see the maa who will pull up your stakes ?
Well, you caa," at the same time pulliag them up and throwing them
to one side, and placing the young men in possession of their
claim.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

121

'This youag man was Dave Buell, who was afterwards elected as
the Couaty Sheriff.
The Autumn rains commenced .about the first of November,
raiaiag, however, but slightly duriag the fall aad wiater of '50 aad
'51, and beiag the most remarkable wiater ever experieaced either
before or after, in that sectioa. The oaly raia of aay coasequeace
fell in the month of April following. Miaers, who had throwa up
.cd±f:^ --^-ii ¦- -.'«<

A MINERS MEETING.
piles of dirt, were badly disappoiated ia aot beiag able to wash it,
aad gold mining was voted a fraud. Nothing occurred during the
wiater to break the moaotoay of eveats, and Hangtowa and vicinity
were again nearly deserted. News frora the North and South of the
discovery of rich river mining, as well as aew placer mining, con
tinued to be received, showing that the raiaing regioa was gradually
being extended to aearly the whole length of the State, although but
a few miles ia breadth. Oae other fact, also, was beiag well dera
onstrated, and that was that although millions of dollars were being
washed from the river bars and dry diggings ia the raiaing regioas.

122 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
yet the greater portion of it, through regular as well as irregular
business channels, was being concentrated ia the hands of the
business men in San Francisco ; the miners, as a class, retaining but
a small proportion of their earnings, and in many cases barely suffi
cient to sustain life.
The gambling fraternity became now in the fall and winter of
'50 more numerous, and were in full blast in our heretofore rather
quiet aad orderly town.
Fightiag was a pastime, aad shooting, upon the slightest provo-
, cation, was one of the chief arausements.
The miners lost large amouatsof gold dust at the garabliag tables,
aad inthe endeavor to get even still continued to lose. The noted
thimble-rigger, " Lucky Bill," and the three-card monte sharpers of
St. Louis were on the top round of glory, robbing the honest rainers
who from curiosity put up their money to know how the thiag was
done, and they always fouad out.
This man, "Lucky Bill," alias Wm. Thoraton, was a gambler
by profession, bora and raised in the city of St. Louis. Although a
man of very bad character, yet there is placed to his credit on the
great register certain acts of a charitable nature that could hardly
be expected from such an individual. He was always ready to
assist the needy, aad when money was required for the unfortunate
had been known to contribute hundreds of dollars at a siagle
time. He was huag by a vigilance committee in Carson Valley a
few years later for being implicated in a murder aad cattle stealing
scrape. In his address to the spectators arouad the place of his execu
tion, he stated that he could blame no one for the course they had
taken in condemning him to suffer death, for he well knew that he
really deserved it, but, continued he :
" How could anything else be expected of a man who was raised
and brought up by his parents araong the crirainal class found in
the slums and back alleys of all large cities, or more particularly in
St. Louis, where I was born. If I had been raised in a different
manner I should, no doubt, have been a far better man."
In conclusion, he advised his son, who was present, to avoid bad
company, to keep away from saloons, and to live aa honest and
industrious life.
His address illustrates very aptly the force of habits acquired by

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 123
^association in early life, as well as such inherited conditions which
are natural to the individual ; they form a part of hira, and, under
ordinary circurastances, cannot be avoided or overcome.
Sunday was a general holiday for the miners, and early upon this
day they could be seen, dressed in store clothes, when fortunate
enough to have aay, comiag from the various gulches and. raviaes
towards the towa to see the sights aad arauseraeats to be fouad ia
the saloons and in the street.
The amusements upoa the street coasisted principally of horse
racing, running, juraping, wrestling, aa occasional fight,- as well as
shooting at targets with rifle and pistol. One of the best shots with
the rifle was a descendant of Daniel Boone, of Keatucky, who was
remarkably expert. Kit Carsoa, who also had recently arrived,
would display his dexterity with the pistol ia ahootiag through the
hub of a wagoa wheel as it was being rolled across the street, a
piece of paper having been pasted over the hub previously. Gara
bliag was, of course, indulged ia to a great extent by many miners,
some of them losiag the result of their, whole week's work, ia sorae
cases amouating to hundreds of dollars. The man who dealt the
three-card French raoate garae was a great attraction, for his siraple
garae looked or seemed " so innocent and aisy to bate, does yez see
now," said an Irish miner ; but this was only apparent, as all those
who atterapted to beat the garae became convinced, for it was soon
found that the game was a regular swindling operation, being after
wards abolished entirely by the miaers, and the dealer driven from
town. A rainer oa Sunday, for amusemeat bet oa a certaia card,
throwiag dowa his purse of gold, which coataiaed about fSoo.
¦Siagularly enough he won ; the dealer, however, discovering the
raistake he had made, attempted to chaage the card. Failing to do
so without detection, he flatly refused to pay the bet. A short con-
:sultation among the miners decided as to how he should be served.
A rope was thrown arouad his aeck, and fifteen raiautes allowed
hira in which to "puagle down the dust." He called upon his
brother gamblers to corae to his assistance, which they were in-
cliaed to do, but they were very politely iaforraed by the miners,
that after settliag with the raoate dealer, it was the iateation to
hang a few of them also, if they did not leave town within two hours.
The monte dealer concluded that he had struck a hard crowd, paid

124 LHE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
the bet and vanished. A few of the other gamblers departed also,
but returaed agaia, however, ia a few days.
It is proper aad but just that I should meation here the vast
improvement in the make-up aad geaeral appearance of the great
raajority of the miaiag class siace the arrival of the fall emigratioa
of '50. Sunday would fiad them dressed in their " biled shirts "
aad " store clothes," with hair and whiskers well trimmed and faces
shaved, and occasionally a stove-pipe hat would make its appear
ance. The appearance of the tile was seldom repeated, however,
for the trouble of forciag it up over the face again where it had been
jararaed down by some vile scouadrel, " just for fun you know,"
aad of agaia puttiag it iato proper shape, took away all pleasure ia
weariag it. The fact is, the miaers who had beea liviag for the past
year away from those coaditioas which civilized society creates, had
notas yet arrived at that point again, or to that advanced coadition
where the styleof a plug hat would be appreciated; consequently,
the man who was igaoraat of this fact, and had the audacity to
appear ia the .streets with such a'a absurd head gear, had to suffer
the coasequeaces.
It may at this poiat ia the history of mining be of some iaterest
to kaow the financial condition of those who had been engaged in
the business for the past year. As before stated, many returned to
their Eastern homes ia the spriag, a few of thera with a coasiderable
amonat of gold dust, aad some having as rauch as $10,000 aad even
$15,000, but ia very raaay cases with barely sufficieat to pay their
way. A few, again, who had succeeded in securing a fair araouat,
would engage ia business ia some oae of the miaiag camps, or in
Sacrameato City or San Fraacisco, whilst others would buy laad ia
some portioa of the State and eagage ia the stock business. But
those miaers who remained ia this portion of the mining region
were, as a general rule, those who had not acquired a sufficient
amount to satisfy them, and therefore determined to remain uatil
they did. Others again, desired very much to return to their fami
lies, but not haviag the meaas were compelled to reraain.
There were a few persons here who had accumulated a large
amount of dust, and one man by the name of Harper, who never
was known to wear a hat, a Scotchman by birth, is said to have
accumulated about $75,000. Another one from Australia, but an
Irishmaa by birth, who arrived in the mines early in the spring of

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

125

ONLY TWO DAYS IN THE MINES.

126 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
'49, is said to have been a very lucky miner, as the saying goes,
and had about $60,000 vvhich he had put into empty oyster cans and .
hidden arouad in various places, to which fact hangs a tale.
Several instances had occurred where persons had come into the
mines and by a streak of good fortune beea successful, or in other
words had '' struck it rich," and returned home again in a very short
time. Araong this number of very lucky ones, were two young men
•who had just arrived from their homes in the East. On the second
day of their arrival in Hangtowa, they were directed by an aquaint-
ance to the big caflon a short distance north of towa as being a
good place to coraraence their operations, they dug a ditch down
the side hill frora the raain ditch, in order to run the water into their
sluices; and while at work a tia caa was found in their sluices,
which had beeu washed out frora the loose soil above near the roots
of an old oak tree, and had by the force of the water rolled down
into the sluice. Upoa examiaatioa, they fouad it full of gold dust
and their work was doae in California. They had found what they
had come for, and the next raoraiag were aboard the stage bound
for Saa Fraacisco, with $15,000 worth of gold dust to divide between
them. Australian Mike lived very near the spot, aad the next day
discovered his loss. An officer in pursuit of the young chaps arrived
in San Francisco about two hours only, which however was enough,
after the stearaer had left the wharf for Panama, on which they had
taken passage. Old Mike did' at seera to care much for the loss,
aad all he said was : "Be jabers, thia, I hev a plinty more haady,
do ye moind ? "
People at the East often asked the question, and wondered why
it was that so maay returaed again to their homes without having
succeeded in raaking but very little in the gold mines, while others
returned with fortunes. This seemed strange, and was often attrib
uted to bad habits, intemperance or laziness, which, of course, was
true in many cases but not in all, by any means. It is very true that
the industrious raan who worked early and late would, from the
nature of things, be more successful than those who did the reverse
or worked but seldom; ahd although this rule will apply to all
human affairs in general, yet the mining industry in early days was,
to some extent, at least, an exception to the accepted rule, for,
as observation shows us, it was aot the hardest-workiag man, or the
most industrious, who succeeded best in striking the richest placers,

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

\-rj

a o> 'fiwHffi wtnCOn wC r V o

wo HO•fi

w^s^^mmmh

128 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
but in very many instances fortune favored those who did the least
work. In the ordinary aff'airs of life those oaly will prosper or suc
ceed ia the busiaess ia which they are engaged, who are well quali
fied, and who possess the qualities aad habits accessary for its suc
cess — that is to say, possessiag a reasonable amount of iatelligeace,
ecoaomy, iadustry, arid proper cautioa; but in miaiag, these quali
ties are, so far as the finding and extraction of the gold is concerned,
of very little value, as was oftea illustrated ia early miaiag days.
I do aot iaclude, however, in this class those who were too lazy
to make aa effort to fiad a payiag miae, for the couatry was full of
this class of men, aad they could be seen tramping about amoag the
numerous hills aad gulches with their tools, huntiag for some pleas-
aat spot to work, and they would generally find it under the shade
of a tree. It was this class of men who depeaded upoa their more
industrious friends for a living, and who were always ready to main
tain that mining in early days was a mere question of luck.
Very often the most igaorant, idle and shiftless lout, would
stumble by accident upoa a very rich gold deposit. The colored
iadividual, aad the sailor too, who had rua away frora his ship, as
well as raany others of like ilk, had just as good an opportuaity,
aad were as competent to fiad a valuable gold deposit, as the most
highly educated college student or scieatific geologist. In mining,
but little judgraent was required, and a little experience, which was
sooa acquired, brought all upon an equal footing. If gold had been
scattered equally and uniforraly throughout the land,. then only
those would be the raost successful who were the raost industrious;
but this was not the case, however, for 'twas scattered all over only
in spots, and it was the dropping upon these spots by accident that
deterrained the success of the individual. It was oftea the case
that persons were ha^-d at work realiziag daily but a few dollars,
whilst a few feet away others were raaking perhaps hundreds of
dollars per diem, and maay again who to my knowledge were quite
industrious barely made a liviag. That a few made large sums,
whilst others agaia made but .little, must therefore be attributed to
their good fortuae, or to their haviag, from chance conditions,
located their claim aad worked upon the right spot. In my opinion
no other explanation can be given, or why a few were enabled to
make large sums while others, equally industrious, realized but
little.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

129

I30 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
For instance a sailor, who had just arrived frora San Francisco,
having deserted frora his ship, strolled along up the creek oae day
where two miners were hard at work, and he stood silently watching
thera for a few rainutes. Then transferring his cud of tobacco
across frora port to starboard, he reraarked, in a coarse salt-water,
tone of voice:
" Well shipraates, what's the show for a fellow here, aayhow ? "
They poiated out a vacant spot of ground a short distance above
(near what is now called Cedar Ravine) aad borrowiag the aeces-
sary tools. Jack was soon at hard work.
Towards evening lie returned again, and said that he didn't
kaow anytning about the blasted bed rock, gold, or anything else,
and wanted the shipmates to go and take a look at the blasted
thing. They weat to his claim aad fouad it about five feet loag
and about three feet in width and four feet in depth. Near the
center it was about six inches deeper, and in this depression,.
which was very rich, they washed out with their cradles for Jack in
two hours about $3,500. He was only two days in the -mines, for
of course he returned to San Francisco immediately to enjoy him
self. Quite a number of similar instances might be given in elucida
tion of the fact as I have explained it, and if you wish for good
luck in mining, always put in your time right where gold is, and
nowhere else.
Another instance in illustration of the fact that Dame Fortune
is impartial in the distribution of her favors was that of Portuguese
Joe, a sailor who carae up into the mines from San Fr<.»ncisco early
in the spring of '50. After working around for a few weeks in
various localities with but poor success, he concluded to do a little
prospecting in sorae less frequented locality. Purchasing a diminu
tive donkey, he packed the animal with all accessary tools aad sup
plies aad waadered forth. It was not long, however, before he
returned to purchase further supplies, aad it was surraised frora the
size aad weight of his sack that he had struck it rich. But where ?
¦Not a word could be gottea from him, however. He was followed
a number of times, but, suspecting it, would go miles out of his way
upon his return to deceive them. But Yankee iageauity could aot
be foiled by a Portuguese sailor; and one dark night, when he
had started to his camp upon the donkey, two old rainers followed

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

131

his trail. The donkey aad its rider suspected this, aad coase-
¦queatly traveled nearly all night arouad amoag the hills, through
rocky raviaes and dark cafloas, but oaly to find to their great as-

ON HIS TRAIL,

tonishment, when, as they slid dowa the side of a steep hill near the
dawn of day and landed upon a sraall bar upon the South I'ork of
the American River, that closely following thera and sliding dowa
the deep desceat ia their rear, were the two old raiaers.

132 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Well, Joe was a good-natured fellow, and was rather glad of
their company, for the bar was very rich and large enough for all.
They fouad, oa iavestigatioa, upoa the richest part of the bar the
saad aad gravel was oaly from six laches to a foot in depth, and that
the gold was coarse and easily fouad ia the crevices of the slate
bed rock, aad frora this titne forward it was called "Portuguese
Joe's Bar." How rauch this Portuguese sailor took frora his bar
was never exactly kaown, although it was estimated to be about
|6o,ooo ; nor of his ultimate ead, for, alas, his was a sad ending,
and of the iacidfeats, beiag an eye-witness, I have at this late day a
very vivid recollectioa.
Duriag one of his frequent visits into Haagtowa, astride of his
dirainutive -donkey with his feet dangling upon the grouad, for he
was a very tall man, upon passiag aloag through the noisy street,
for it was Sunday, the affectioaate aaimal, either from accident
or fua, very suddenly elevated that portion of his anatomy abaft
the saddle, aad the rider was throwa forward upoa the cold ground.
Assisting him agaia to his feet, a bystander, ia a very careless
although iaaocent maaaer without the least desiga to injure or de
sire to harm anyone, remarked that Joe remiaded hira very much of
Cassar, siace both had been placed under similar circumstances.
Upoa being asked why, ia the heariag of Joe, he aaswered that they
both fell by a brute ass (Brutus). Joe gazed sadly upoa the
thoughtless miscreaat to see if he was in dead earnest or oaly ia-
teaded it as a joke, aad beiag satisfied that it was no joke, he strode
sadly astride of his beast which he sat dowa upoa, turned his head
toward the settiag sua aad departed aever to return agaia.
This vile attempt to destroy the peace aad happiaess of a fellow-
beiagin the eyes of the raiaers was equivalent to manslaughter, and
a jury being imraediately formed the culprit was arraigned before
the bar (in the nearest saloon), received his sentence, the fine being
very heavy, as the jury was numerous aad very dry.
But what became of Portuguese Joe was aever knowa. It is
said that away off la Europe, amidst the dease forest in the German
Erapire was occasioaally seea by the superstitious peasants the
phaatora of a donkey, and riding on his back a tall, dark and sad-
eyed rider, going in the direction of Rorae ; aad they positively
assert that after he had passed they could distiactly hear the gentle
breeze, as it moved slightly araongthe trees, sadly murmur, Oh, CasarL

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 133
Oh, CKsar ! This ia all probability was Portuguese Joe frora Haag
towa, Eldorado Couaty, California, who, not haviag previously
heard of Csesar's accident, was doubtless on his way to see if the
latter was much hurt by his fall.
The location of the right spot to dig is the great problem to solve
in raiaiag, and raaay devices were adopted for the purpose, among
them beiag the divining-rod, frequently used by our associates frora
the Faderland. One Gerraan had established an office, aad ia his
prospectus agreed to furaish, for a coasideratioa, the exact location
where gold deposits couM be fouad ; but upoa trial, to his vexation
and astonishraent, found that it was useless. A newcomer engaged
his services, and the spot was located aear the baaks of a raviae
aear by. The bed rock was slate aad very hard, but the German
fakir stated that down uader the rock was a great deposit of gold,
aad he oaly charged the verdaat youth the sum of $25 for the val
uable iaformatioa, After speading much tirne and money, as well
as a great deal of hard work, in penetrating the slate bed to the dis
taace of about thirty feet, the project was abaadoaed, aad the
Germaa, with his rod of diviaation, also abaadoaed the raiaes ia dis
gust. These fabulous instruraents, usually raade of sticks cut from
a witch-hazel bush in our own country, in Germany are made of
whalebone, aad to one which I saw was fasteaed a small vial coa-
taiaiag quicksilver, in which was found a piece of paper upon which
was written in some foreign language certain mythical words aad
signs, evidently from the Bible, meaning, I suppose, " excavate and
ye shall find," or an extract from Job, " Watch the pot and it will
never bile," or something similar.

CHAPTER X.

Where the Rich Placers Were Found — Miners' Superstition —
The Blue Clay Deposit — Gold Machines.
IT might be of some interest to those who engage in miaiag, as
well as for others, to kaow where were fouad the richest gold
deposits by the first miaers, or, rather, what were considered as the
richest ravines or canons, in the central portion of the mining
regioas or dry diggiags, as they were called. Previous to the arri
val of the emigration of '49, those who happened to be in the coun
try, as well as the iVIorraon element which rushed into the mines
from Salt Lake upon hearing of the gold discovery, aad those also
who carae frora Oregon, made their way iramediately to the viciaity
of Coloma, where gold was first discovered. But little placer mia
iag was fouad ia this viciaity, aad the gold seekers waadered off in
various directioas. Ia the viciaity of Georgetown and Kelsey, rich
mines among the hills and ravines were found, the dry diggings
around Haagtown being discoverd about March i by parties from
Oregon. The first discovery was made in Hangtown Creek, near
the mouth of Cedar Ravine, the latter being the first ravine worked,
aad found to be very rich, yielding upwards of $1,000,000. The
next discovery was in Bedford Avenue, at that time called " Log
Cabin Raviae," aad a large amouat of gold was taken from it by
the two Winslow brothers, who first discovered it, aad also by a
Mr. Rider who took home with him about $25,000. From this
raviae had been takea altogether, as near as can be determined,
about $250,000. The richest portion of the creek was frora a point
below the raouth of Cedar Ravine down to a point near the found
ry. Below this again but very little gold was found. In ascend
ing the creek, good wages were raade above Cedar Ravine, and a
few very good deposits were found nearly up to the store of Dr.
Price. Frora that point up, but little gold was ever found, although
a few spots paid fair wages. The creek was worked in '49 and up
134

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 135
to the autumn of '51 by the usual process of sinking of holes and
cradliag the gravel upoa the bed rock. Spots ia the creek, especi
ally ia the rear of the court house, were fouad to be very rich, aad
a piece of ground ia the rear of Adam's Hotel (afterwards the
Mouat Joy Hotel) was worked in '49 and up to the spriag of '50 by
Fish Brothers aad Co., from which they realized, as they stated,
about $20,000.
Just below Adams' Hotel was a rouad tent used as a saloon and
gambling house by Tom Ashton, in the winter of '49. Immediately
in the rear of this tent, a man by the name of Wiley, in the spring of
'50, from one pan of white clay washed out the sura of $1,400. A sin
gular fact noticed and commented upon in '49 was, that from about
this point in the creek down, but very little gold was ever found.
The cause of this was not discovered until aear the spriag of '50,
when it was fouad that the origiaal creek which deposited the gold
made a tura at this poiat, ruaaiag dowa under the buildings and
crossiag the street about opposite the grocery store belonging to
A. W. Bee, contiaued down through town on the opposite side of
the street, being confined in its course to a narrow channel until
reaching nearly to the Cary House. Frora this point, no regular
channel was ever found ; but the gold was found scattered over the
flats below. This flat was worked principally during '49 and the
suraraer of '50. The old channel running through and under the
town has all been worked with pan aad cradle, aad fouad to be
very rich ia places ; and would pay well with sluices, but not in ray
opinion half as well as many imagine, for there is no gold to speak
of in the mala street, except perhaps a very narrow spot on the
Plaza, where the old creek crossed.
The amouat of gold extracted frora the creek altogether,
- including the flat below, as near as I -was able to judge, was about
$800,000. It was generally known how much miners were realizing
from their claims, yet there were certain ones who kept it a secret,
these generally being those who had the richest mines. Emigrant
Ravine paid fair wages nearly up to the head of it, and a few
smaller ravines emptying into it, also paid well. Going north from
town across the Big Caflon to Poverty Poiat aad its viciaity, many
rich ravines were found ; but the richest gold deposit was reserved
for the miners of '50. This was the celebrated Red Hill, of decom
posed quartz deposit lead, found upon the apex of a slate ledge

136 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
crossing three different ravines, aad ruaaiag down towards the Big
Cafloa This lead was about aa eight of a mile in length, and in
some places only about three inches in width ; yet over $250,000
was taken from it. The very richest ravine that was discovered up
to this time, the spring of '51, around Hangtown, was the Oregon
Ravine. This raviae was first discovered by two men frora Oregon
aaraed Yocum. They first worked a narrow strip up through the
ravine about three feet in width, and were at work at the time of
our arrival in Hangtowa, about the ist of October. ¦ We had con-
sequeatly an opportunity of forming some idea of its richness.
Their method of working was of the most primitive kind. One
would with pick and shovel remove the dirt from the surface to aear
the bed rock, which was about three feet ia depth, aad the other,
with aa old kaife or a sharp stick ia one hand, would stir up the
dirt, and as the bright pieces of gold showed themselves, would pick
them up and drop them into a tin cup, which he constantly carried
ia the other haad.
This was their slow method of working, aad although they real
ized a fortuae by this process, they did not glean as rauch as they
should have doae. How much these two raea realized was aever
¦ knowa, for they were very cautious ; but it was supposed that they
took home with them about $100,000 each.
Old maa Harper, who also worked in this ravine, was said to
have made out $60,000; several others also, have made large profits
here. They all left for home in the fall of '49.
Soon after my arrival, there were at least 200 men at work Jn
this ravine, and all doing well, for the ravine was wide and paid
richly from bank to bank. Dr. Ober was very successful, and as he
passed aloag dowa at night amoag the miaers who were at work
below him, with a srailiag couateaaace showed his tia cup ia whicb
he carried his gold. I found that about $150 was his average day's
work. In my opinion, Oregon Ravine yielded at least $1,000,000 if
not raore, and considering its size was the richest one in this por
tion of the couatry.
Ia Spanish Ravine also was found a rich lead which continued
up for a short distance frora its mouth, and which was worked out
in the summer of '49. As we go to the east a few very rich spots
were round near Smith's Flat, one small ravine in particular near
the Emigrant Road, and only thirty yards in length, yielded about

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 137
$13,000. At the small towa of Newtown, which was located about
six miles nearly due east of Placerville, and upon the eastern edge
of the gold-beariag district, from a sraall raviae, duriag the wiater
of '49, was taken by a corapaay of four men the sum of $64,000. - •
\Veaver Creek upon the south was also very rich ia maay places,
all iacluded, however, ia a distaace of about four miles. Maay
small raviaes emptying iato it were also found to be very rich. Of
the maay canoas in the County of Eldorado, which were prospected
and worked in the wiater of '49-'5o, there was but one which was
noted for its mineral wealth. This was Georgetown Cafloa, frora
which it was estimated that fully $2,000,000 were takea up to the
spriag of '53. Whether this is a correct estimate or not I cannot
say, although this was the estiraate of a rainer who worked there
for about two years, aad returaed to the East ia the auturaa of '52
with about $20,000 as his portioa of it.
There were also aumerous small raviaes emptyiag into all of
these larger ones and the cafloa which coatributed their quota to
the geaeral fuad, besides aumerous flats, slides aad benches, which
however, were worked at a later day. The Big Cafloa, t-vyo miles
aorth of towa, was ia some portions of it very rich, and a few
places were worked ia '49 ; but the greater portioa, or rather the
richer portion of it, near the head, was worked with toms, ia
the spriag aad wiater of '5o-'5i. The cafloas lyiag at the east of
this were aot very rich, although oae portion of White Rock Cafion
worked in the winter of '49-'5o by O'Briea, Graysoa, Stuart aad
Daytoa, was very rich. The South Fork of the American River,
as well as the numerous bars upoa it, was not aoted for its payiag
qualities, although some few rich deposits were fouad. Upoa
Kaaaka Bar a rich lead was discovered, which yielded maay thous
ands. Oae beautiful augget was found upon this bar which was
valued at $1,010 ; but by far the richest bar upoa the whole river
was that beloaging to Portuguese Joe, from which he realized a
fortuae. As we advaace to the aorth we find that a few rich places were
discovered around Coloma, at Kelsey's, Spanish Flat, Greenwood
Camp, and ia the viciaity of Georgetown.
Early in '49 the country aad rivers as far north as the Yuba
River was examiaed aad prospected, a few of the bars upon the
latter being worked and found to be very rich.

138 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Fortunes were realized from Spanish, Murderers', Big and Michi
gan Bars, where Ex-Goveraor Stanford had his little store in '52, the
germ from which sprang the Great Overland Railroad.
In one respect Eldorado County differed from nearly all other
mining counties in the State, or even upon the Coast, as the gold
was raore evenly scattered and the mines, as a general rule, were
more shallow and rauch more easily worked. For these reasons they
paid better for the tirae expended in working them, though natur
ally worked out much quicker.
In consequence of the first discovery of gold having been made
in Eldorado County the first raining was confined to this portion of
the raiaiag regioas, aad for this reason also the yield of gold during
the first two years subsequent to its discovery was greater than from
any part of the State, the araount reahzed frora the county up to
the spriag, of '51 haviag been estiraated at $20,000,000.
As we advaace to the north we find that the gold deposits in
the ravines and cafions are rauch deeper, and although gold upon
the bed rock can be had in great quantities, being in some cases
taken out by the pound, yet the net profits are very small, owing to
the great expense in working. For instance, in Coeur d'Alene gold
raining regioa the gravel upoa sorae of the richest creek bottoms
is from 20 to 30 feet in depth, while upoa the bed rock there are
rich deposits from which very coarse gold aad nuggets have been
taken by the pound. Yet the great disadvantage and expense of
working maay of these places ia consequence of the amount of
water to contend with, as well as the want of sufficient fall of same,
make thera unprofitable.
In the Caribou Couaty, creeks were discovered of fabulous rich
ness, yet such is the depth of gravel, in some cases upwards of 60
feet, that the expense of working in many instances exceeded the
income. We find, also, as we proceed to the north, that the ancient river
beds are of greater extent and much richer, the mountains also
being higher and more rugged. The placer mining, on the other
hand, is confined to a smaller area, gold being found only in a few
of the principal, or larger, creeks and ravines.
It is evident, therefore, from this fact, as well as from the gen
eral appearance of the hills, that those natural forces, such as vol
canic and glacial action, which wore away the high mountain peaks

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 139
to their present altitude, and which broke down the ancieat river
channels throughout the central portion of the mining regioas,
were of much greater force and of longer duration. And it is for
this reason, also, that we find the washed gravel and particles of
gold which they contained scattered over a larger area of country
upon the surface.
It was the general opinion araong the early miaers that where
placer mines existed would also be fouad rich quartz ledges, and
where rich quartz ledges are found there must, for similar reasons,
be good placer raiaing. This is true only of the central portion of
the mining regions, where the quartz ledges have been thrown down
and broken up, aad is aot true of other sections, for we find farther
north, among the high cliffs aad rugged peaks which have aot beea
wora down by these natural forces, quartz' ledges contaiaiag free
gold, in maay cases of great value. Yet no free gold, or at least
but very Uttle, can be found among the ravines or cafions below
them. It has been often said that the early miners were a very super
stitious lot of mea and firra believers in luck, even raore so than
any others ; but this is a great mistake, for observation shows us
that all grades and races of men are afflicted to a greater or less
extent with this peculiar mania of belief in the efficacy of signs
which give warning of coming dangers, as well as progaosticate
good luck or a chaage ia coaditioas. Those who are believers ia
this mysterious change in circurastances termed luck are close ob
servers of such sigas, aad before commeaciag their operatioas or
eaterprises will first consult the oracle to see if the signs are favor
able. Among the miaing classes in early days, the Gerraans were firm
believers in the potency of signs, although maay Araericaas and
those of other nationalities were not far behind them, the main
difference between thera being that the former had no hesitation ia
ackaowledging such a belief.
In early mining days it was geaerally believed that success iii-
miaiag was eatirely owiag to luck, and this is the common belief at
present among portions of the raining classes, as well as those en
gaged in other kinds of busmess. For this reason the so-called
signs are intently observed, which will indicate what the future or
result of any work or enterprise is to be. Prora the observation of

I40 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
others, as well as our own experiences in the operation of many of
these omens, it is very conclusively shown that in many cases such
circumstances do oCcur, or such effects result, as were previously sug
gested by the signs; but reason teaches us that there can be no
possible connection betvveen the mere fact of a dream, or of the
occurrence of any certain events and any subsequent effects. As
a consequeace such future effects caa have ao other explaaation
than that of coincidence, although we must admit that the future
events very oftea coastitute a mysterious phenomenon. Maay ia-
stances might be meatioaed as an evideace of this, while again
aumerous cases of a similar nature could be brought forth as re
liable evidence of exactly the reverse. Of this latter class of effects
the believer ia lucky signs takes no note, since they are of a aega-
tive character, aad have, therefore, no value.
An acquaiatance of mine was realizing from his ravine claim
about $20 daily, aad upon his way to his cabin one evening he
picked up a horseshoe which he took to his quarters aad hung
upon a aail, with the remark that his claim in future was "just
agoia' to puagle" ; aad sure enough, for about twoweeks following
it did "puagle " at the, average of $50 per diem.
A short time after another miaer, a aear neighbor, found, upon
his way horae from work, two horseshoes, which were huag up ia his
cabin for luck, aad straage as it may seem, iastead of his claim in
creasing ia its daily pay, in a few days it ceased payiag eatirely. Of
course, the only explaaatioa for this pheaoraenon, as one of his friends
told him, was that ia findiag two horseshoes he overdid the business,
for oae offset the other. Aaother acquaintance accounted for the
catastrophe by saying that very probably one of the shoes was a
mule shoe, aad coasequeatly all good luck was kicked out.
Aaother miaer, upon coramencing his work one morning, said
that during the night previous he had dreams of finding a hen's
nest contaiaiag a nuraber of eggs, and was told that such a dream
was surely a sign of good luck. Singularly enough, for three or four
days afterwards his claim gave dowa far better than it ever had
done before.
A few moraings subsequent, aaother miaer at work near by re
ported a sirailar dream, and he also received his reward by an in
crease in daily pay. But a short time afterwards another miner in
the same ravine, who was raakmg upon his claim an average daily

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 141
profit of $14, reported one morniag that he dreamt the night be
fore of finding a hen's nest from which he took nearly a peck of
eggs. It is to be feared that he too overdid it, as the sign for him
-was an entire failure. He found at night that the lead upoa which
he had been at work had rua out, and he could average but two
dollars per day, aad was coasequeatly forced to abaadoa his claim.
Maay explaaations were given for the sign haviag goae back on
him, with.a peck of eggs behind it, too, but were all unsatisfactory
with oae exceptioa, this being the only reasonable one, that by the
law of coincidences it could hardly be possible that such effects
should occur three times in succession, notwi.thstanding the favor
able nature of the signs.
Maay cases could be meatioaed of rainers who had first dis
covered the new raoon over the right shoulder, and, if future pros
pects and eveats were favorable, would always be sure to raeation
the fact of haviag seen the aew mooa ia the proper manner, while
others who saw the new moon ia a similar maaaer were, for certain
reasOBs, very careful to never meatioa the circurastaace.
It was not expected, of course, that the most iatelligeat mia
ers would ackaowledge a belief ia such signs, and they were always
ready to ridicule any one who did. One of the old miaers ia
particular, who ridiculed the superstitious aotioa, would always
close his eyes when leaviag his cabia, so his partaer said, and not
open thera till begot into the road, and faced in the right direction
ia order to catch the raooa in the proper position over his right
shoulder. A miaer who had some trouble with aaother oae about the right
to use a certaia stream of water, the case beiag thea in court, stated
to his acquaiatances upon the day of the trial that he dreamt the
night before of killing a large snake. A German acquaintaace in
formed hira that he would surely win his case, aad he did.
Aaother raiaer subsequently had a sirailar dispute about the
right to a certain claim, and, dreaming of killiag a big saake a short
time previous to the trial, success ia wianiag his suit was assured
hira, and he did ; but in working his claim it was found to be of no
value. Huadreds of sirailar iastaaces might be cited to show that these
so-called lucky strikes, as foretold by dreams or sigas, are simply
coiacidences, aad no other explanatioa, ia my opiaioa, is possible.

14.2 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
It is, of course, well understood that gold mining in general has-.
reference to the method or process of getting raoney, or of acquir
ing wealth in an easy as well as in a very rapid manner, without the
necessity of toiliag through a long series of years for the purpose,
and it was this idea that brought raany thousaads iato the mining-
regions of California. But coming here and finding, alas, that even
to dig gold direct from the soil required labor, patience and perse
verance, as well as aa indefinite space of time, aad even then with
uncertain results, was the cause of hundreds returning iramediately
to their Eastern horaes, or, at any rate, of leaving the raining regioas.
ia disgust upon raaking the unpleasant discovery that, gold was not
to be scraped frora the surface of the ground, but that it was away
down out of sight, badly raixed up with the dirt, raud and water.
For these reasons, thousands who crossed the sandy plains, or who
came by water to the gold mines, were sadly disappointed.
Ia order to fiad a gold deposit or lead which would pay for
workiag, it was, of course, necessary to travel around with pick,
pan and shovel among the ravines, flats aad gulches ; and when
what seeraed a favorable spot was found, a hole of suitable diraen
sions had to be dug, and the dirt, upon the bed rock panned to-
¦ determine the value of the claim, or whether it would pay to be
worked. After the central portions of these ravines had been worked in
'49 and '50 it was then, of course, necessary to prospect ia deeper
ground, aear the baaks, or in the flats and gulches.
Of the great number who prospected subsequently to '49 but a
very sraall portion found claims that paid them for their trouble,
while huadreds barely made a living. This was not, however, on
account of the raines having becorae exhausted, but can be attribu-
uted to their raanner of working, or prospecting. It was a common
sight to see many tramping around among the hills, carrying their
picks and shovels on their shoulders, in search of a suitable spot
where they could strike it rich, but where the soil was not too deep,
aad this class of prospectors could very seldom fiad a claim worth
workiag ; for if they even ventured to sink a hole, it was generally
of such a size that no idea could be formed of the nature of the bed
rock or of what it contained.
As an illustration : Two miners on their way to work oae morn
ing encountered a tall, middle-aged man, sitting by the road-side

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 143
laraenting his sad fate. He said that he had left his family upon
his little farm in the State of Illinois, and had come to try gold
mining, but couldn't find enough to enable him to live, and was
very anxious to return horae again. He said that he had dug aad
-)rospected in many places, but could fiad aothing. He led the way
to a raviae aear at haad that he had beea at work in for quite a
spell, he said, " but thar warn't nuthin' thar," and we fouad that he
had started to siak a aumber of holes. They were about four feet
across upon the surface of the ground, but contracted as they ap.
proached the bed rock, comiag to a point fiaally. He was asked if
this was his method of working in his farming operatioas. " Wall,
I reckoa aot, but thot it raought do here."
Upon suggesting to him the necessity when sinking a hole of
keeping its full size to the bed rock, especially in a ravine of that
character, he concluded to act according to the advice, aad sure
eaough he found that he had run across a very fair claira, frora
which he succeeded ia getting gold enough to take him back again
to his Eastern home.
Another man dug a hole ia a shallow ravine, the grouad being
oaly about three feet ia depth; he fouad that the bed rock was de
scending towards the center of the ravine. He dug another hole
adjoining, and discovered that the bed rock inclined towards the
first, the channel being between the two, and the place where gold
would be found if there were any there. He did not, however make
a connection between the two holes, as he ought to have done, as
he was told by an old miner who passed that way ; but left the
wall about six inches in thickness between them. The consequence
was that the aforesaid old rainer who had given hira the advice
was passiag the place a few days afterwards, and, fiadingthat it had
not been acted upon, coraraenced to iavestigate that six-inch wall,
and discovered a very rich lead from which he took in a few days
about $1,000.
It raay be as well to explain here the general nature and
character of the gold deposits found up to this time. These
deposits consisted of such as were fouad amoag washed, or quartz
gravel, and were confined to the hills or gravel claims ; as well
as in rivers, creeks and in such raviaes where the gold was de
posited by the action of water, there were what were termed
benches also. These were formed by a breakdown from the

144 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
original river beds, aad usually coataiaed beds of gravel found'
upon the side of the hill below the level of the ancieat beds, ia
slides which were formed by the slidiag down of a portion of a
hill. In all ravines, creeks and gulches also, the gold found was
what is termed washed gold, showing evidence of having been at
some time amongst the gravel of a ruuning stream. Upoa the
various flats, the gold was of a similar character aad found with
quartz gravel, showing that these flats had at oae time formed
the bed of some creek or ruaaiag streara. There were sorae
peculiar gold deposits agaia that differed eatirely in their aature,
aad had aa altogether differeat origia. The forraer deposits al
luded to as beiag in rivers, creeks, raviaes, gulches, flats, slides.
and benches, were all supplied from the beds of aacient water
courses, which had beea ia course of time brokea up aad throwa
dowa, the gravel washed and scattered by the actioa of water to
where it is now fouad. Among the red hills in the mining re
gioas are found what are termed "red hill leads." The gold ia
these is rough with sharp edges, and has aever been in contact
with gravel or ruaaing water. Tne leads are generally very nar
row, in some cases beiag not more than an iach ia width, and
are found almost iavariably ia small, narrow aad dry raviaes ;
and upon the hills above aad ia the viciaity will be fouad quartz
ledges which iadicate their origia.
Amoag these leads, quartz ia a partially decayed state will often
be eacouatered, with the appearance of haviag beea at some time
ia contact with great heat. It is very evident therefore, that these
streaks of gold, or leads, were deposited subsequent to the great con-
vulsioas which broke up the ancieat river cafloas, aad still remain
in their original position as when melted frora the quartz ledges,.
which were broken up and distributed in this maaaer araong the
raviaes. There are also found- among the ravines large deposits of
clay of various colors ; but as a general thiag, either blue, red or
yellow. Very rich deposits are often discovered mixed with or
beaeath this clay.
The fact that rich gold deposits ofteatimes existed beneath these
beds of clay was discovered ia the spring of '50, Three or four
young men, who had just arrived ia the miaes, prospected a piece
of grouad located at the junction of two ravines, in -what is now
kaown as Clay Ravine, just below the Pacific Quartz Mill, aear-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

145

Hangtowij. They found, upoa sinkiag a shaft about eight feet in
depth, a bed of blue clay. It was dry and hard. Presuming, there
fore, that it was bed rock, they abaadoaed the place. A youag
man residing near, naraed Williamson, and an Irishman, by the way,
from curiosity concluded to sink down through this blue clay to

STHRUCK IT.
see what was underneath. The miners who were at work in Oregon
Ravine, a short distance below, heard him. yelling out at the top ot
his voice : , j ..u-
"Say b'ys, jest come now an' see phwat I hev found under this
clay, be jabers! "

146 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Upon going up to the claim, we saw on the ground a hard solid
chunk of clay, about the size of a water-bucket, taken from the bed
rock, and the under surface was one mass of gold. It was taken to
the Express Office, pounded up and found to contain $1,500 ; but
how much he got from his claim was unknown.
I have before explained that the chief and only machine used
for the washing of pay dirt were the cradles, toms and sluices,
although other kinds of machines were often brought into the mines
for which it was claimed that they were of superior character, and
warranted to save more gold than any other kind. They were, how
ever, in nearly all cases, invented or constructed by persons who
had little knowledge of gdld mining, and were, therefore, ignorant
of what was really needed, it being the general impression among
them that gold existed among the dirt in great quantities, and that
sorae superior process was necessary to separate it. All rainers of
any experience are well aware of the fact that the great difficulty or
drawback to gold or placer mining, is not so much how to save the
gold, but how or where to find the dirt or gravel that contains gold
enough to pay for the working. That is the main question in min
ing, and the raanner of washing or saving the gold is of course a
secondary consideration. When the richest placers were worked
out by the use of a pan and cradle, and it became necessary to wash
a much greater amount of dirt, the "tom " came into use, and an
swered a good purpose for a time. But the time soon arrived when
a tora was found to be inadequate for the emergency, for the reason
that it was necessary to wash still larger quantities of dirt or gravel,
and to accomplish this the sluices were used ; they, in their turn to
be superseded by the hydraulic pipe, by which large bodies of earth
and gravel could be washed with good profit that could not be made
to pay by the sluicing process, and which again in its turn will be
superseded by some peculiar electric process, by which means
whole ihountains will be melted, and the liquid gold will flow out
from the bottom of the huge furnace in pipes arranged for the
purpose. There are at present in California, as well as in Oregon, large
bodies of black and coramon river sand containing gold in paying
quantities, only awaiting the ingenuity of some raechanic or miner
to invent a quick process for separating it, as no means or method is
at present known whereby this can be accomplished with any profit.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 147
Upon the Columbia River, for a distance of at least 150 miles,
there are nuraerous sand bars that contain gold in paying quantities
if any process can be devised for separating it. Many efforts have
been made, and many ingenious mechanics have taxed their brains
in the vain attempt to solve the problem. A corapany is now en
gaged upon one of the sand bars near the head waters of the Col
umbia in experimenting with electricity in the attempt to separate
the fine float gold from the sand. If this proves to be a success,
the sand bars upon the Columbia will be valuable mining property.

CHAPTER XI.

The Indian War — A. Change in the Social Conditions — The
Desperado — The Sailors^ — The Mines Worked Out.
IT was during this season that an event of the greatest importance
to the State and to the mining interest occurred. I refer to the
subjugation of the Digger tribe of Indians, a warlike aad savage
race, who seeraed determined to exterrainate, if possible, the Ameri
can race of gold hunters,; that is to say, in the opinion of the busi
ness portion of the comrnunity who had something to sell. These
Indians were in raany cases very badly treated and abused, and raany
had been killed for mere sport by the border-ruffian element from
the East. The consequence, a very natural one, was that in a spirit
of revenge they resented such outrages by taking the lives of a few
of those -who abused them. But this was deeraed a sufficieat cause
for a war of exterraiaatioa, aad a deraand was raade upon the Gov
ernment for assistance. No regulars were necessary, for the " Ir
regulars," who were ever ready to volunteer when an Indian is to
be butchered, were numerous.
A small array was soon formed, commanded by Col. William
Rogers, and when all was ready, or nearly so, they raarched for the
front, if it could be found. A fine spot for the purpose was dis
covered near at hand, but a little out of range of the arrows.
They went into camp and waited for something to turn up. If any
attempt was made by the Indians to charge upon their works, rein
forcements were sent for at once, and a change of base ordered
immediately. Such was the nature of this ferocious, warlike regi
ment of Irregulars, however, that a change of conditions was abso
lutely necessary.
The Indians were hidden behind the rocks upon the opposite
side of Brush Caflon, a few miles above the town, and, unconscious
of danger, were with their families engaged in various amuse
ments. The older members were seated around in groups discus-
U8

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 149
sing the current events of the day, and indulging in remiaisceaces
of the happy springtide of youth when engaging in the pleasures of
the chase after grasshoppers, when the Coloael of the Irregulars,
from a high commanding position, the top of a stump, took a view
of the situation with his field glass, leaped to the soil below and
ordered a charge at once.
The poor Indians, taken by surprise, fought with valor, disput
ing the ground inch by inch ; but, being overpowered by-numbers,
and it being also nearly lunch time, they very precipitately vamoosed
the ranch, and the United States Government of America reraained
master of the field.
The ambulance train was ordered up, and the dead aad wounded
were carefully handled when found. But one Irregular, however,
lost his life during the conflict, this unfortunate being Mr. W. Mc
Kinney, of Cold Springs.
The opinion araong the troops, however, was general, to the effect
that the Indian departraent suffered terribly, and that large nura
bers of them had passed over to the happy hunting ground, and
were, probably, already engaged in chasing grasshoppers in the
spirit land ; but after the smoke of battle had been drifted through
and the ground sluiced away, but one old squaw, with her papoose,
were found in a ditch asleep.
The Grand Army of the Sierras captured all that was to be
found in the deserted Indian camp, the spoils consisting of an old
pack saddle, a jack knife with two blades, and one woolen shirt.
These were taken into town, and, under orders frora the Govern
ment, sold at auction to the highest bidder, the proceeds going into
the Treasury and thrown in among the surplus.
This terrible and devastating uprising was thus squelched, and
the Indians said they would do so no more, aad they never did.
The great conflict which was participated in and decided by the
valor of undisciplined Irregulars, not only saved the entire country
from utter destruction, but, in addition, demonstrated the fact to
the interest of all concerned in mining, that the black sand which
had heretofore been thrown aside as valueless was in reality worth
$1 per pound, avoirdupois, in the following manner :
Powder for the grand army being scarce, an enterprising and
shrewd storekeeper in the town, who furnished certain supplies,
substituted kegs of the aforementioned sand in its place, and it was

I50 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
said that in consequence of the great similarity of appearance, neither
the grand army, the Indians, nor Uncle Sam, ever knew the difference.
For further particulars and details please refer to the history of
the great conflict, as I do not wish to trespass too much upon such
incidents as are raatters of historical record.
I desire, however, to mention a few facts in relation to this race
of Indians, for, in my opinion and judging from appearances, they
are very probably the ancestors of the great Mongolian race, an^
that the latter descended from them. Of course, this was sonje
time ago, and it may be possible that it is just the other way, ^-
though it matters not which party made the descent first, or wl)ich.
did the degenerating part of the business. That the Indians have
retained the old original dialect, however, is an evidence of a -(fery
close relationship, which the most skeptcial must acknowledg^e.
Previous to the great battle which decided the destiny of the
race and the safety of the country, and when the grand ojd eagle,
with prophetic eye soared from aloft and, sailing majestically across.
the rocky caflon, flapped its wings with joy from the top pf the great
American banner suspended from a pile of sage brush, the Colonel
in command had dispatched an officer, in full regiraentals, to de
mand the imraediate surrender of all goods and chattels which.
were contraband of war. This meant, of course, all squaws and
papooses which were in arms. The reply told thje tale of their de
scent at once.
" You Melican man heap allee samee fool, You no foolee me
muchee. You sabe squaw ? You no takee, you wantee. You
come catche."
The officer explained that his objept was only to cover them
with the old flag to protect them from the cold weather, as there
was every indication of rain.
Quite a change in social conditions was now taking place. Balls
and dances were more frequent, and the mining regions began to-
assume the appearance of civilized communities. To our Eastern
friends it was of course a conundrum how women could live with.
safety here in the mines of California, in the midst of such a crowd
of cow boys and frontier desperadoes. It did seera rather strange,.
but the reason why women could not only reside here in perfect
safety, but could travel about the country free from insult and
molestation as well, I will give an illustration of:

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

151

Soon after the arrival of the fall eraigration of '50, a very pretty
young married woman, wife of a Mr. Herrick, the hotel-keeper,
could frequently be seen riding a pony around araong the hills. On
one occasion she was met upon the road a few miles from town by
one of this class of raen who offered her an insult. She was not
long in reaching town and reporting the fact, and alraost as quickly
as I have stated it he had a rope around his neck, while the other
end was thrown over the limb of a tree, but upon promising faith-

THE WOMEN MUST BE PROTECTED.
fully that he would never do such a thing again, or never insult an
other woman in California, he was allowed to depart. An insult
to a woman was by these rough miners considered a worse crime
than robbery or murder, and punished accordingly, and for this
reason a women could travel alone and unattended anywhere among
the mining regions in the early days.
The presence of woman not only illustrated the influence of
changed social conditions, but also the effect upon civilization in
general; for previous to her coming, as I have before mentioned,
there was among all, or at least the greater portion, a total disregard
for anoearances, and a visit to the miner's cabin would show that his

152 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
raode of life and household arrangeraents were sadly ia aeed of
repair. Uader woraaa's influence, the old cabin was put into proper
shape; a washboard and tub stand by the door; the dishes are
regularly washed aad arraaged carefully upon the shelf, aad the
yard ia front of the house has been cleared of old hats, boots and
other rubbish — showing by the changed appearance of the old
castle and its surrouadiags the effect of thisraagical iaflueace, tend
ing toward higher conditioas of civilization.
You see yonder a large cabin; it has recently undergone a cora
plete transformation. Y'ou observe that a new addition has been
put on for the convenience of cooking arrangements; in front of.
the house, which 'was formerly littered with tin cans aad piles of
rubbish, all is aow smooth aad cleaa. A pretty feace aow sur-
rouads the house, and if you approach closer you will observe a.
sweet-pea viae aad a moraing-glory runaiag up arouad the window,
fastened with pieces of cotton twine, and in the corners of the yard,
and aloag by the feace, you will also notice growiag bushes of cer
tain varieties of roses.
The door opens and thence coraes the pilgrira chap. But he does
not look like the same boy at all. Can it be he ? That " biled
shirt " aad those store clothes aad shiaiag boots have changed him
soraewhat ia appearaace. But why this change ? What is the raat
ter with hira, you ask. Walk with me towards the house. Do you
hear that strange sound ? 'Tis not the wail of a hyena or of a cata
mount from yonder raountain, but the wail of an infant in the
direction of the house. That is what's the matter. That rocking-
motioa you hear is not made by a miner's cradle, but the other-
kind, aad in it is a very valuable nugget, a ten-pouader that the
pilgrira has just struck, aad 24 carets fiae. Aad now doa't you
thiak that it is thepreseace of womaa that tends to elevate mankind,
or you old forty-niners ia particular, to higher conditions of civil
ization ?
"I reckon," say each aad all of us.
The desperadoes aad border ruffiaas from Texas aad Missouri
were now quite numerous. Many robberies were committed and
some shooting participated in occasionally. There were also many
of this class inclined to jump claims, when it was possible to do so
without danger, and, as one of them expressed it who had juraped a
claira belonging to a young raan who had just gone to his cabin for

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

153

{.^^"^^ '. t

-¦ \

¦9

'' fe ¦ I* 'fife' ¦ ¦ ^"'i W '•I't
¦¦ . ¦ =¦!..¦: ¦ ¦¦¦'¦'I !¦ •¦'¦ %'^\im'^''i}T'^Ai
' ¦¦!... ¦¦:.i?*.i%fciiS*.i-.^j' ¦fcl ¦ . :

?-&?.,

WOMAN S INFLUENCE.

154

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

lunch, " All Hades couldn't drive me off either." He was dressed
in a kind of raasquerade costurae, and a garabier by profession from
sorae interior town in Missouri. He wore a white fur plug hat ;
blue swallow-tail coat with brass buttons, and around his waist a
broad belt containing weapons enough for a whole regiment. But
wait ; a large, powerfully built man was walking very leisurely to
ward the claim, followed by the young man, its owner. The big

-"T'iSx^

THE CLAIM JUMPER.
fellow, C. Marple, who was frora Philadelphia, in a very mild and per
suasive tone of voice requested the U. S. arsenal to kindly leave the
claira; but placing his hand upon the most convenient weapon the
claim jumper refused. Mr. Marple, in a very polite manner, stepped
towards him, and taking him by the collar kindly assisted him to
leave, which he did without any further trouble; proviag the well
kaown fact that the greater the scoundrel, the greater the coward,

I
i

¦W«^^*J3

THE ART OF SELF-DEFENCE.

156 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
and requiring a great number of weapons, therefore, to convince
others of his bravery.
A desperado by the name of Burns, the same who afterwards
assisted in the capture of the noted bandit, Joaquin, came across the
plaias this season, aad could be seen visiting and lounging around
the various bar-rooms, carrying a miniature U. S. arsenal around
his waist. Having one day a dispute with this, same Mr. Marple in
relation to sorae trifiing matter, he grasped the handle of his favor
ite weapon, but the uafrighteaed Yaak, shoviag his cleached fist in
close proximity to the desperado's left eye, playfully remarked:
" Yes, draw your weapon, and I'll bet drinks for the crowd that
I knock you down before you caa cock it."
Buras eyed the huge fist, coacluded that he would like its appear
ance better at a distance, put up his weapon, aad treated the crowd.
Oae of these brave frontier ruffians made his stopping place and
horae at a way station, or bar-room, located upon the emigrant road
a few miles from Hangtown, and was very frequently in the habit of
accosting miaers and straagers who had occasioa to stop at the
place, in a very rough and barbarous raanner. He would draw a
weapon, and ask if they had said their prayers and were ready
to die, getting, of course, his whiskey free as a compromise, upon
condition of putting up his weapons. Upon oae occasioa, however,
he struck a costumer, a regular old-fashioned, Jacksonian Deraocrat
from Kentucky, who did not believe in compromising.
As the latter stood at the bar enjoying his beverage, the border
ruffian approached him with an imraense bowie kaife raised above
his head, aad iaquired if the stranger had said his prayers that
morniag, at the saipe time making a motion as if to strike. The
old Kentuckian remarked that he had not, as he had done all his
praying in his younger days, and enough, he reckoned, to .last him
the rest of. his life, at the same time drawiag his pistol from his
belt, and sending a ball crashing through the brain of the desperado.
No inquest, as the coroner did not think it was necessary.
This class of desperadoes was aow becomiag quite nuraerous in
the mining regioas, aad caused much trouble aad aaaoyaace. But
they must aot be coafouaded with, nor be included in, what in more
modern times are deaomiaated as co.w-boys; for the latter are a
later inveation, aad as a rule of a higher order, although there may
be many desperate characters among them. Yet the great majority

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

157

158 THE ARGONAUTS 01 CALIFORNIA.
of cow-boys are respectable as compared with the border ruffians of
forty years ago. The term desperado, as I ara informed, is derived
from the Sanscrit, or some other tongue: desper signifying to "git "
and ado being an abbreviation of the word adieu; in border dialect
meaning "Farewell, I'm off." The individual who made the appli
cation, even if it was many years ago, knew who he had reference

A SIMILE.
to; for if ever there was a man who felt inclined to "git" and to
tender an affectionate farewell, it is one of these old-style border
ruffians or desperadoes, when, chancing to be alone, he meets some
one with whom he is not oa good speaking terms, the sight of whose
clenched fist strikes terror into his soul.
They resemble the hyena very much, for when in numbers they
are brave, ferocious and warlike, and will at such times attack any

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

159"

thing that has legs, frora an old milk-stool to a yearling calf, or
anything that walks, from a congressman to the walking-beam of a
.C

THE NEW COMER.

Steamboat ; but when alone and he scents clanger from afar, al
though encased in armor and with an arsenal suspended to his
waist, yet at such a tirae he reserables very much the appearance
of a little dog running up the road with a big tin kettle tied to his
tail, while from a rear view all that can be seen is the hardware.

i6o

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

As the spring of '5 1 approached, the opinion became geneial
that the mines of California were very nearly worked out, or rather
that portion of them which was thought to be worth working, and
consequently many left the mining regions in the dry diggings and
went up to the various rivers, north or south, others again returning
*S'.e'.'v>)fe'.'-

DISCOVERY OF THE RED HILL GOLD.
to their Eastern homes. Owing to the great specific gravity of gold,
and being ignorant, also, of the reasons why gold was almost invari
ably associated with running streams, for at this time quartz was
unknown and hill gravel mining was not a possible conception, it
was supposed that gold would always be found only in the lowest
places. The time soon arrived, however, when all old miaers, in

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

i6i

this mining region at least, were to leara something aew in relatioa
to mining, and discover that the richest deposits were not in the
lowest places by aay means, but ia the hills above, ia the beds of
other, older rivers, aad also amoag the quartz, which is called the
mother of gold, siace it is only in this rock that gold is fouad ia its
origiaal state. To illustrate : Some miaers were at work with their

_..._^ .,_:"^b^4' ' "'¦ I'.""/ ^ ^.<t -• W-fi -r. J?j^L '..^-^ -^M

THE TARS ON THE HILL.

cradles in what is called 'Emigrant Raviae, and about two miles
above towa. It was a hot, sultry day, aad a straager, with his pick
and pan for prospecting, inquired of them if there was a place where
he could start in to work. One of the miners, for a joke, pointed
towards an oak tree near the ravine upoa a little rise of grouad, aad
remarked :

i62 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIF0RM.1.
" Yes, there by that tree is the finest place to work that I
know of."
The prospector took a view cf the grouad, and, believing the
old miner to be in earnest, commenced to work. It was deep ; the
ground was dry and hard, but, by perseverance aad hard work, in
about two days he found the bed rock eight or ten feet below the
surface, and from the bottom of this hole he cradled out more gold
in a week than the company of astonished miners who had fooled
hira had obtained in their whole season's work. In this manner it
was sooa fully demonstrated that gold was universally scattered all
over, in spots, in no one place in particular, but wherever you could
find it.
A short time subsequent to this a colored man, in walking along
the trail at the foot of a steep hill, picked up a small piece of gold.
Its edges were sharp, and frora all appearances it had never beea in
running water ; but the question was, where did this come from, and
there lay the mystery. Not from the ravine, and certainly not
frora the steep side hill ; but at any rate the colored man, frora curi
osity, dug a hole upon the steep side hill. He found no gravel, but
saw that the soil upon the bed rock was a deep crirason color, and
that, scattered around among this blood red earth was to be found
coarse gold. This had never been in contact with water, but had
been deposited by heat or chemical action, aad was the first discov
ery in this section of the rich, red hill gold deposits.
It was in the spring of '50 that four sailors, who had deserted
frora their ship in San Francisco, took a cruise up among the mines,
as they remarked:
"Jest to see how the land lay."
They cruised about for several days, hardly knowing what to dO'
or even how to do it, and during one of their daily excursions they
found themselves near the head of a sraall ravine, and a very steep
one, which eraptied down into the big caflon. It was a pleasant
spot, and one of thera reraarked:
" Well now, me lads, let's drop anchor here; pipe all hands, pass
the grog, and make the blarsted dirt fly."
So one of them volunteered to coraraence operations by measure-
ing off a spot about the size of the forehatch, and then commenced
work with his pick and shovel to break out the cargo, until he
struck bottora, as he remarked. A number of miners at work in

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

163

the ravine below watched the operations of the Jack Tars, and were
very much amused to see them sinkirfg a hole away up at the top of
a hill. The soil was not deep, and the tars, by taking a turn about
at the helm, were soon down to the bed rock, upon which they
found the dirt and gravel of a very pretty red color. Filling a pan
they took it to the ravine below, where one of the old miners kindly
-offered to wash it for them, although he remarked that it was hardly

DISCOVERY OF THE OLD RIVER BEDS.
necessary, for gold never could have got away up there at the top
ofthe hill. But upon washing it, they found to their astonishment
that there was gold " away up there on the hill," and a considerable
lot of it too, as the amount in the pan indicated, for it contained
about $20. The jolly Tars procured cradles and the necessary
tools, and started in to work, at which they continued some three
months, during which tirae they extracted about $20,000, as was
stated by Adams & Co's agent soon after they left. The raviae was
afterwards known as the "Sailor Boy's Ravine," being about one
and a half miles from Hangtown and near the trail to the Araerican
River. It was late in the winter or fall of '49, that the discovery by W.
Salmon and his comrades that gold existed in the hills in the vicinity

164

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

of Georgetowa was made, aad that raany of them contained beds of
gravel which were rich ia goldj this fact beiag well demoastrated by
the discovery in Forest Hill, a few months later.
Upon the discovery of hill diggings, mining assumed aaother form,
for instead of the mines beiag worked out, which was the general
opinion, we were oaly begianiag to learn where to find the precious

UNCLE BEN ON GEOLOGY.
metal. The first hill diggings ia Eldorado Couaty were discovered
near Upper Hangtown, early in the spring of '51, by the Aiken broth-^
ers, who worked a small ravine located on the side of Indian Hill.
When working near the upper end of the ravine their pay dirt left
thera, aad, iastead of a slate bed rock, they aow found that it had
changed to what appeared to be of the nature of sandstone. This,

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 165
however, proved to be, upon examiaat'oa, cemeat, uader which,
upon workiag through it, they found a deposit of rich gravel rest
ing upoa a slate foundation, aad pitchiag iato the hill. Other hills
in the viciaity were sooa fouad to be similar ia character, cement
capped, contaiaiag ancient river beds rich in gold.
The discovery of these ancient river beds, araoag a portion of
the raiaers created quite a discussion as to their origin and the
period, in geological eras, when this ancieat river systera, was de
stroyed, aad by what forces. Many of the discussioas between
these veteran, self-taught, geological expounders were interesting,
aswell as instructive, each one, of course, haviag a theory of hisowa
which raust be the oaly reasoaable inrerpretatioa. One of the most
promiaeat of these studeats of aature was an old gentleman frora
the State of Wisconsin, Uncle Bea Coats, aad to listea to oae of his
geological lectures, under the shade of an aged oak, surrounded by
a crowd of rainers who were all anxious to be informed as to the
facts ofthe case, was decidedly instructive aad iiiterestiag — a sceae,
too, reminding one of Socrates or Aristotle lecturing to his pupils
in the shady groves of Atheas. We, the miaers, soon became pro-
ficieat ia the use of the words tertiary, pliocene, carboniferous,
spirituous, aad gaseous eras or epochs, retaining even to the
present time a very vivid recollection of them, but more especially
of the two latter epochs.

CHAPTER XII.

Mining Speculators — The Lost (Brother — Gambling — A Gen
erous Gambler — An Important Discovery — Beginning of
Fruit Culture and Wine Manufacture in California —
The Fipst Church Organization in the Mining Regions —
" Old Nick " and His Animals — " Old S/d."
MANY persons were now continually cbming into the raiaes, and
stupendous frauds were being perpetrated upon them in the
sale of miaing claims.
One very enterprising individual who had drifted into the low
red hill or slide ia the hope of fiadiag a lead, being disappoint
ed, loaded his shot-gun with gold dust, and dischajgfed it into various
places. Upoa fiading a aewcomer who desired to purchase, he was
requested to take a pan and prospect for himself, which the victim
would often do with remarkable success. He, however, saw the
joke after he had bought the mine, and procuring a shot-gun
played the sarae game on some other chap ; and I'ra not sure, but I
think that their descendants have inherited the same habit, and are
yet shooting aad selliag old claims. One sale of a mining claim is
worth raentioning. It was a rich piece of ground in the lower part
of Hangtown, and located on a rich lead. A chap who had been
hard at work for nearly ten days stripping the top dirt from his
claim, about fifteen feet square and ten feet deep, prospecting a pan
of dirt in one corner aad finding aothing, concluded to sell it, if
possible. Presently along came three or four youag raen who had
just arrived, and he proposed to sell it to thera, explaining that there
was good pay a little deeper. They paid hira his price — one hundred
and fifty dollars — and early next morning started in to work. By
3 p. M. they were down to bed rock in various places, and water be
ing handy they washed a pan just for curiosity.
The seller of the claim, who lingered around to see how badly he
had fooled them, was, when he saw them wash out pan after pan,
166

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

167

i68 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
containing from ten dollars to twenty dollars, fifty dollars, and one
hundred dollars to a pan, the most disgusted man in California.
He tried to buy it back, aad offered five huadred dollars for it.
They took out in about five days nearly $7,000, and this was their
first mining venture.
The winter of 50-51 as betore stated was a very dry one, and
there was hardly water enough to run a tora. Consequently the
summer of '51 was very dry, and the dry diggings throughout the
country were almost entirely desertea. This season saw large
amounts of gold dust taken frora the river beds of the Yuba,
Feather and Bear Rivers, as well as in the various forks of the
American, and also in the streams in the central and lower portions
of the State. Sraall towns were now being started in the various
mining districts. School-houses and churches were conspicuous
among all, aad the couatry was now, more than ever, assuming the
appearance of civilization, to the great disgust of the border-ruffian
elemeat, oae of whora was heard to reraark :
"That ef these Yaaks didn't stop with that ar' noasense of fool
ing away their time with school an' prayin' shebangs, the whole
country would go to h — 1." But time has since proved that he lied.
The emigration of this fall was larger than that of the year pre
vious and was that of a better class, consisting principally of fami
lies, maay of whom were from States east of the Mississippi.
A bulletin board, or, rather, a book for registering the names of
the newly-arrived eraigrants in order that friends and acquaintances
could leara of their destination aad location, was put up. Many
arausing iacideats occurred in the search for those who had pre
viously arrived. A young maa, having just arrived, made iaquiries
araoag the various barrooras and hotels for his brother, who had,
as he was iaforraed by the bulletin board, corae across the plains
this season....^ The youag man was from Ohio, aad his older brother
had left home some twelve or fifteea years previous. The new ar
rival, therefore, was very anxious to find his brother. The train
with which the youag mari had just arrived was under the con
trol of a maa from New Odeans called the Colonel, his real name
not being known by any oae upon the train. In making inquiries
ia one of the barrooms, with the hope of finding same one who
could give hira the required iaformatioa in regard to his brother, a
gentleman from New Orleans, who was'present, remarked :

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

i6g

ffiW

o GcnHW0

oCir >
o

;.  y^*tiJi.:^ii4.J4;Jliiiy

170

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

" Why, the man you're inquiring for, the Colonel, is here in
town, aad I saw him not ten minutes ago over there in that drug
store." The young man went over and saw the Colonel, with whom he

FOUND HIS BROTHER.
had crossed the plains, in the store, and of course mentioned the
reasons for his coming in as directed.
"Well," said the Colonel, "what was your brother's name? "
" His name was William B. Richards."
" Well," rejoined the Colonel, " that is my name.''
Sure enough, this Colonel with whom he had crossed the plains
was the long-lost brother!

THE ARGONAUTS OP CALIFORNIA. 171
It was the habit, or custom rather, in eariy days to give to each
man a certain nickname by which he was usually known, his real
name being, as a geaeral rule, unknown, or even unasked for. "Whar
air you from?" was the main question and the information most
desired, and usually decided his nickname.
Here were "Old Pike," "Big and Little Pike," "Old Ken-
luck," " Texas Jack," "Texas Jim," "Old Arkansas"; if Scotch^
he was "Sandy," or "Scotty"; if from the East, "Little or Big Yank,"
aad their miaing locatioas would in some cases, also decidetheir
naVnes. There were "French Flat Pete," "Saady Hill Mike,"
" Poverty Point Jim," ad infinitum.
On one occasioa, a youag rainer returned to his Eastern home
for a visit, aad one day, while visiting at some family acquaintances
with his parents at a distance, upon looking over some daguerro-
types lying on the tables, he remarked that one of them resembled
very much a young maa with whom he had worked, and who was
at present living in the same place, Mocklm. e Hill, in a cabin near
his. He could not tell the name, but he went by the name of Jack,
and one day, being in^ his cabia, saw a book upon the table, and
found upon looking at it, thatit was the "Pilgrims Progress," on
the fly leaf of which was written the name of Elizabeth Andrews.
" Oh, Oh! " said a young lady present, " that is my brother, John
Andrews, and we haven't heard from him for nearly 15 years, and
were afraid that some accident had happened to him somewhere."
After the commencement of the rainy season, in the fall of '51,
the river miaers flocked iato the placer mining districts. Other
arrivals from across the waters, soon swelled the population in all of
the various mining camps. Gambling in all of its various forms
became again the principal amusement. Barrooms and gambling-
houses vied with each other in furnishing their patrons with the fin
est and loudest music, and bands could be heard playing in all of
them during the greater portion of the evening, and until the' wee
sma' hours of the morning. The professionals were as a general rule
Southerners by birth, hailing from New Orleans, Louisville, Mem
phis, Richmond and St. Louis; whilst only occasionally would be
found a sport claiming Boston or New York as his birthplace.
Many of this class were men of good education and abilities, and
many of them descendants of respectable families as well. They
had been accustomed frora childhood to associate with this class

172 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. ¦
in their native cities, and therefore inherited or acquired the gam
bling trail of character. It is of course well uaderstood that all
mea who garable for raoaey are necessarily very bad characters; but
the professional garabier of early days forraed, in maay iastances,
an exceptioa to this geaeral rule, and should not be confounded
with the ' lower ten-cent ante poker gambler found buraming and
loafing around the garabling places of to-day. Among this former
class were as many good, honest aad square-dealing men as could
geaerally be fouad among those eagaged in aay other business, and
they were, as a rule, more charitable, being always ready to contri
bute their share, aad a little raore too, towards assisting those who
were in distress.
A lady with two daughters arrived in the mines late in the
auturaa of '49, her husbaad having died on the plains duriag the
journey. They were in a very destitute condition and among
strangers in a strange land, without a single acquaiatance in the
State, as far as they knew. Her great desire was to return to their
Eastern home, and to enaljle them to do so newly-found friends
used every effort, endea^'oring, araong the miaers aad business men
¦ of the towa, to raise sufficient money for the purpose; but not
enough money, however, could be collected. Some one mentioned
the circumstance in one of the garabling houses, aad oae gambler.
Lucky Bill, whose sad fate I have before mentioned, who was pres
ent, remarked:
" Well, if Mrs. S. wishes to return East again with her daughters,
she shall go."
Takiag his hat around araong the gamblers in the various houses,
he raised in one hour about $1,500, which was seat to her, aad in a
few days the family went on its way rejoiciag.
The winter of 'si-'52 was a very damp one, and miaiag through
out the eatire regioa was carried 6a very extensively with toms,
long and short, and towards spring sluices came into use, which
enabled the rainer to wash large quantities of dirt that would not
pay by any other process; The greatest activity prevailed among
all classes, and fortunes were realized by many. Among the arri
vals duringthis year frora the East, were many who had previously
been in the mines and returned home; some to remain, while many
had beea to visit pareats, wives and families as well, also in some
few cases with the intention to return with a partner. Among the

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

173

aw »w

o a>

174 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
latter class was a young man from Philadelphia, who had been
absent from his loved one nearly two years. During the first year
after parting he had written to her by every steamer; but, for some
reason, for several moaths previous to revisiting his home he had
neglected to correspond, not dreaming of the effect which such neg
lect sometimes produces upon the female mind. Upon arriving in
his native city he hastened at once to the home of his adored one,
knocked upon the door, and the mother of his darling Maggie, an
swering the call, invite him in with the greatest pleasure. Maggie
is called; she enters the room, and the negligent miner goes for
her, but hold! with a wave of the hand, she exclaims:
" Joseph, away, away! I thought you were dead, and I'm a
married woraan now."
Joe's advice tb all young men upon his return to California was:
" Boys, write often! Write often!"
During the winter, many ditches had been dug, bringing water
from the mountain streams into the various mining districts, thusen--
abling the miners to work ravines, slides and benches, which never
before had been worked. This extended the area of mining ground,
and from this time forth it was possible to work nearly all gold-
bearing soil.
In the spring of '52,raany who had succeeded in accumulating a.
sufficient amount of gold turaed their attention to the cultivation
of land, and to stock raising in other portions of the State; and
throughout the sumraer, ranches were pre-erapted and located in
many of the lower counties, for the very important discovery had
now been made that a portion of Califoraia, at least, contained land
suitable for agriculture. Up to this time, however, but very few-
people carae with the intention of reraaining, the principal purpose
beiag to acquire a sufficient amount of gold, and then to return as.
soon as possible to their Eastern homes. But to thousands this
quick return horae was a delusion and a snare; for just how to
return, or how to acquire the necessary raeans for so doing, was a
coaundrura that they eadeavored to solve, but in raany instances
were fiaally compelled to give up.
Many left wives and families in the East, expecting to meet
them again in a short time; but from sickness, misfortune, and
poor luck, as well as in consequence of bad habits, the years rolled
on, and they became weaned from their loved ones at horae, who-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

175

WRITE OFTEN, BOYS !

176

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

were fiaally forgottea. In one instance, a man frora an Eastern
State, leaving a wife aad several daughters to care for theraselves,
arrived here ia '50. He soon forgot his family in the East, but
after a few years, being very unsuccessful in his mining and busi
ness matters, aad heariag that his daughters had made wealthy

The SURPRISE.
marriages, coacluded to surprise them with a visit. As the result
proved, he was himself the most surprised man in that section of~
the country, for none of them knew him and would not even recog
nize him, a daughter sayiag that as he had never written nor sent
thera one dollar to assist thera, therefore he could not be their
father, and they kindly bade him farewell. He returned to Cali
fornia a sadder, but a more single man.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 177
Previous to the discovery of the old river channels in the hills,
it was the almost universal opinion, I think, that the mines would in
a very few years be entirely worked out, and all would be compelled
to return to their Eastern homes; but by the disco.very of the hill
gravel mining, the time necessary to accomplish this in was of
course extended to a later day, and taken in connection, also, with
the fact of the other very iraportant discoveries, that good land was
found in sorae of the other counties, it looked very reasonable to
suppose that it would be possible to live here, and establish per
maneat homes in California. It was not uatil about three years
later that this opinion became prevalent, and hundreds of families
throughout the mining regions came to the conclusion that this
raight prove to be a pretty good country to live in after all.
Steamers were now making regular trips, bringing letters from
home and friends semi-monthly. Besides, ships were continually
arriviag laden with all the necessaries of life, as well as its conveai-
eaces, and ladies could appear in the streets of the small, inferior
miaing towns sporting the latest styles of dress, hats and criaoliae
attachraeats, sirailar to those in the streets of New York or Boston,
aad what raore could they desire ? Wages were high ia all of the
towas and cities ; provisioas aad groceries were reasoaable ia price,
aad the whole couatry assuraed the air of a coatiauation of coadi
tioas of general prosperity of a more permanent character. The dis
covery was further made that, although malaria and mosquitoes
were prevalent in certain portions of the country aear the river mar
gins, aad also ia the vicinity of certaia flats covered by stagaant
waters, aad that fleas ia swarras iafested its chief city, yet the coua
try ia general was a very healthy one, the fleas being confined to
their native soil aad aot allowed to scatter arouad over the State
much. The divertiag of the water from mouataia streams by meaas of
flumes aad ditches for mining purposes, chaaged eatirely the ehar
acter and geaeral appearaace of the miaiag regions, for the eye
was soon greeted with the appearaace of gardens scattered around
amoag the hills, as well as ia various camps. Cabbages raised their
shaggy heads in their beds, adjacent to the bed of violets and dai
sies. Radishes, turnips and horse-radish, etc., could be fouad
profusely scattered here and there, surrounded with rose-bushes,
dahlias and the high, lofty and aristocratic sunflower. Beautiful

178 THE. ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
cottages, surrounded with blooming gardens, could be seen dotting
the sides and gentle slopes of the jhills in the environments of the
various mining towns, all deaoting the fact of changed conditions,
and telling in plain language that now .we have come to stay. These
changed conditions were not, however, confined to any one particu
lar section of the country, but to all of the mineral regions that at
this time were being worked, which included the central counties of
the State, as well also as the chief towns and cities. All received
the impulse of the change, and raoved forward in their course toward
a higher iraprovemeat of conditioas.
With these changes came, also, frora the far East, many who had
previously returned to their Eastern homes, under the impression when
they left that a total collapse here of all miaiag aad busiaess iaterests
generally was a question of but a few short years, aad beiag formed
of that raaterial peculiar to the pioneer, too proud to beg their way,
would, therefore, be compelled to remain and make their future
dwelling places in corapany with the Indians, araid the ruins of the
once thrifty but aow deserted raining villages. Many of these men
returned, bringing their families with them also, satisfied that they
found at last a suitable spot upon the face of the ear'-h for a home,
safe from the freezing blizzard and the destructive cyclone ; and a
country, too, where at night, after the toil of the day is over and all
have retired to rest, and sweet, refreshing sleep is desired, the
mercury ia the tube of the thermoraeter haaging by the doer, which
has beea through the day pretty well up towards the nineties, does
not reverse the natural order of things as it does in the East, and
continue clirabing up during the night, forgetting to fall. Oa the
coatrary, here it conforms with the natural law, and gently descends
from its lofty elevation of the day, evidencing a more agreeable
temperature, necessary to sweet and refreshing sluraber.
These things, and raany other facts of a similar nature, brought
to our State emigrants not only from the. East, but from all other
countries of the globe, who desired to live under such favorable con
ditions, and in a short time there could be found in the miaiag re
gions, as well as in the chief towns and cities, representatives from
alraost every nation. But a very small proportion, however, of those
who came into the raountains in the year '53 engaged- in the business
of mining, for previous to this time the very important discovery
had been made that, by the use of water for irrigation, the soil

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 179
cou'd be rendered highly productive, aad all kiads of fruits could
be raised ia the red aad apparently barren soil. The German pop
ulation commenced the cultivation of the grape viae, aad from this
point in the history of California can be dated the iaceptioa of the
fruit aad wine industries of the Pacific Slope, which in a few years
swelled to immense proportioas. The little valleys aad level places,
suitable for orchards aad vineyards, were readily located, and every
thing iadicated the fact that all had become coaviaced that this was
the promised land, for which they had so long been searching.
It must not be. supposed that the gold seekers from the Eastern
side of the Continent, in their earnest desire to improve their fiaaa-
cial coadition, should eatirely overlook their spiritual welfare ; aad
that they did not forget their early training was evident from the
fact that in the sprifig of '51 a church was organized, and a suitable
building erected "hear the raouth of Cedar Raviae, where services
were held upon the Sabbath The Rev. Mr. Owens was the first
minister tp officiate, and it was stated that this was the first church
orgaaizatioa ia the miaiag regioas. The discovery was soon made,
that although we. had a church and a very respectable coagregatioa,
coataining quite a nuraber of ladies aad a few children, yet there
was somethiag elsewaating, somefhiag that had been associated in
our rainds frora infancy in coaaection with a church, aad this was a
bell. The qiiestion therefore at once suggested itself as to how we
could reasoaably expect success ia spiritual matters without a bell.
Upon the supposition that this would be an impossibility, a com
raittee was appointed, and money was raised--for the purchase of oae.
After rauch inquiry, the coramittee succeeded in purchasiag ia
San Francisco, aa old ship's bell. This upoa its arrival was hailed
with hearty cheers, aad elevated in due time to its lofty perch upon
the roof of the church. The sound of it could be heard for raany
miles around, reverberating amoag t^e ravines aad cafloas, telling
to the miaers far aad near, in the plainest tones and in unmistak
able language, that the holy Sabbath day had not only found its
way across the barren desert and the raountain ranges, but had
corae to stay, and they must not forget it.
All persons are, perhaps, aware that the peculiar tone of a bell
which we have often been accustomed to hear, aad are therefore
familiar with, can very easily be distinguished from the tones of an
other, even after the lapse of many years. Near the head of the

i8o

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

Big Caflon, about two miles frora thetown, was a cabin occupied by
three or four men who had followed the sea, and upon the first
Sabbath raorning when the bell was rung the sound of it reached
the ears of the sailor boys; and one of them rushing fromthe cabin
door exclairaed:
"Blast rae eyes, shipmates, if thet aint ole Dick's voice " (the
name given to the bell on shipboard), "and I'll jest bet a tar bucket
agin an ole soldier, that the Capt'in of the ship has been on a spree,
lost his bearin's, and is a sailin' up Hangtown Creek, and a comin'

" THE VOICE OF OLD DICK."
to anchor*off the town. We'll scrub decks, trim sails, make all
taut, me lads, and take a cruise down that way, and hev a talk with
ole Dick."
Jack was informed upon reaching town that the bell upon the
church,sure enough, was formerly used upon the ship "Staffordshire.''
"Yas" says Jack; "I wud know that bell in any parto' the
world. For twelve years Dick and I sailed together the seas over,
from the China Sea up through the Mediterranean, and the Indian
Ocean; an' we could all understan' Dick's language when he talked
to us. It was Dick who tole us when the plum duff and ole horse
was ready fur us to stow away in our lockers. When 'twas our

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. i3i
watch below, an' also late at night, when 'twas our watch oa deck,
we wud hear ole Dick sing out, ' Aye, below there, me hearties!
Rouse out, ye lubbers, an' come on deck,' an' we always obeyed his
orders.' Well, me lads, 'tis quite a change fur ole Dick frora the
deck of a ship tossin' about on the ocean, to the roof of a church
up in Haagtowa; but he'll do his duty faithfully' aa' if the land
lubbers will be as quick to corae on deck for prayers when he talks
to 'era on a Sunday mornin,' as the lubbers ia the ship's fo'cas'le
were, they'll all sail through life in safety with a fair wind. An'
then, when their voyage is ended, and Dick tells them that tis their
watch below, they can slip their cables from this world without
fear, sail over to the other side, an' find a safe harbor in the next."
About thirty-eight years have now passed since the old ship's
bell first made its appearance in the mining regions. It served its
purpose well for a short time upon the roof of the church, in calling
together the miners for prayers on Sunday mornings; but an in
crease in number of the congregation deraanded a larger edifice.
A larger bell w-as therefore deemed necessary, aad Dick was trans
ferred to the roof of the school-house on the hill, from which his
voice can yet be heard, with the same cheerful tone calling upon
the children to come and prepare themselves to take a part in the
active duties of life.
The school was for a long time under the instruction of Mr.
Gyrus Bartlett, of New Bedford, Mass.
In the fall of '5.1, no little excitement was created in the town,
by the entrance of a person whose name was Ben Nickerson, but
who was generally known, however, as " Old Nick." He brought
into the mines with him a rather superannuated specimen of a
grizzly, with a diminutive donkey as an accompaniraent, and the
posters upon the fences conveyed the valuable inforraation that on
the hill in the rear of the Court House, within an inclosure erected
for the express purpose, at 2 p.m. daily, Sundays unexcepted, would
be witnessed a most terrific combat between these two ferocious
animals: tickets $1, to be had at the door; reserved seats for ladies
and children at half price. To the credit of the ladies in the min
ing regions, it may be as well to mention that none ever visited old
Nick, nor his inhuman exhibition. Occasionally the programme
would be changed by the substitution of a wild Spanish bull, in
place of the donkey. In a short time, however, public sentiment

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

revolted against the inhuman exhibition, and the citizens, en masse,
tore down the structure.
Many old-timers will remeraber Syd Ketchum, of Hangtown.

He was full of his jokes, and was rightly named, for it was his
greatest delight to "ketch 'um " (the boys) occasionally. One after
noon he took his station in the middle of the street in front of the
Erapire saloon, and casting his eyes upward seemed to be gazing

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

183

1 84 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
at some extraordinary object in the heavens. In a few minutes he
was surrounded by others who were anxious to see what he was
gazing at so earnestly, and among these was Anderson, the actor,
who took his station in front of Syd, and gazed intently and long in
the same direction. Finally, he turned to Syd and asked what he saw.
" Oh, nothing," was the answer as he walked away.
Anderson, with his hands jararaed in his pockets, stood in the
same spot and watched the joker until the latter was out of sight,
and remarked, as he turned to enter the saloon again :
"Well, I'll be durned."
"It was but a few days after this that Syd, rushing into the Belle
Union garaing house out of breath, exclairaed :
" Horrible, horrible. The Coloma stage, with a full load of
passengers, has just run off the Coloma street bridge."
" Of course there was a great rush on the part of the crowd tp
the corner below for the purpose of witnessing the horrible acci
dent, and araoag thera was Anderson, the actor, in the lead. Upon
their arrival at the coraer they saw the stage, with its load of pas-
seagers, oa its way up Coloma street, aad it at oace occurred to
them that the stage never could have gotten across the bridge with
out ruaaiag off at the further end of it.
" Well," says Aadersoa, " durned if I don't get even with old
Syd,- if I have to live in Hangtowa the rest of my life."
He watched his opportunity and it sooa came.
It was late in the fall aad rainiag. In the large gambling house
called the Trio Hall, sitting around a great sheet iron stove one
afteraoon were a number of men enjoying themselves, and among
thera was Syd.
All at once the front door was violently opened and in rushed
Anderson, the actor. He was hatless, and, from all appearances,
was in the full enjoyraent of a full-fledged case of "jirajaras." He
stepped to the stove and with his foot kicked open the dpor, at the
same time drawiag frora under his coat a large powder horn,* which
he threw iato the stove, exclaimiag :
" Let's all go together, boys."
A few miautes afterwards Syd, with a few others, ventured to
look iato the door, and there stood the actor with his hat upon his
head, who, with a pleasant sraile, inquired of Syd if the stage had
run off the bridge again.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

i8s

l86 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Some one asked Syd how he got out. He said that at times he
was at the top, and soraetiraes they were five or six deep and he
was at the bottom of the pile, but he managed, by rolling, tumbling
and crawling occasioaally, with a hop, skip and a jump, to get out
side before the stove blew up, and acknowledged that Anderson had
got even.
Soon after the hanging of Irish Dick in the fall of '50, the ques
tion of hanging a culprit ia that promiscuous maaner was objected
to by raany, and Syd opposed it strongly upon the grounds that, as
a general rule, the hardest characters in the camp -would be the first
to pull on the rope and cry " Hang him ! " as was the case when
Dick was hung, the majority. of those who were the most eager to
hang hira being raen of the lowest class.
Syd clainied that if a man were to run through. the town, fol
lowed by others who cried " Hang him ! Hang hira !" this crowd of
ignorant -barroom loafers wpuld join in the chase aad haag the maa,
if they caught hira, without asking any question, aad siraply upoa
geaeral principles and from the excitement of the occasion. To
prove this it was'agreed that a youngman present should run, dpwn
thfe street, a few others should follow in his wake and cry "Hang
hira!" The youag raan started as agreed upon, and before he
reached the, corner of Coloma street a dozen barroom loafers had
caught hiinj and with a rope around his neck were using him in a
very rough manner. Nq' doubt they .would have injured him se
verely, even if they had not hung him-, but. for the interference of
Syd aad others, who explained the joke as well as the object in
playing it. , „. j.

CHAPTER XIII.

Emigration of '51 — Churches Erected — Mines Deserted —
The Chinese Miners — Hill, River and Quartz Mining —
Nature Frowns — ^The Course of Events Change — Fruit
Raising — Prospecting — On the Home Stretch.
IN the fall of '51 there was a very heavy emigratioa across the
plaias, from the Westera States priacipally, which I heard es
timated at 25,000, but whether itwas asmuch as this I caanot say.
Great numbers, also, who had traveled by water duriag the fall aad
wiater of '51, came up iato the miaiag regions, aad the estiraate was
made that ia Eldorado County aloae there were ia the spring of '52
fully 30,000 persoas, while in the mining regioas there were aearly
100,000. Of this number oaly a sraall proportioa eagaged in the
busiaess of raiaiag, the great majority coasistiag of business mea.
iacludiag salooa-keepers, idlers, loafers, aad a large aumber 0/
sporting men. Frora observation, I should judge that less than oae-
teath of those who came iato the miaiag regioas up to this tirae
eagaged ia the business of miaiag.
It was during the spriag of this year that the first aewspaper,
called the Eldorado Ne-ws, was started in the rainiag regioas bj'
Harmoa & Springer. It chaaged haads in '52, I thiak, its aame
being altered to thatof The Mountain Democrat, under the maaage-
"raent of Gilwicks & Phillips.
It was the iateation of many up to this tirae (about '52 and '53)
to return horae after a few years ; but aow the time had arrived
whea orchards were blooraiag upon the hillsides, aad the grapeviaes
could be seen bendiag under their luscious burdens, the prevalent
question appearing to be, Why. aot stay and make our homes here ?
The society ia the raiaiag regioas, as was doubtless the case
in the towns and cities, was soraewhat mixed, and at first social
conditions were rather strained, owing, of course, to the difference
in the manners and customs of the natives of the different States and
187

i88 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
countries from which they had emigrated. ThiL' state of affairs did
aot last loag, however, aad society sooa adapted itself to su,ch changed
coaditioas, aad continued upoa a raore favorable basis. Churches
were erected ia all the chief miaiag towas by the various denoraina-
tioas ; school districts were formed at aa earlier day, and school-
houses were erected throughout the mining couaties, aot oaly in the
chief towns, but also in all of the various miaiag camps that coa-
tained children enough to start oae.
Ia the dry seasons of '50-'53, whea water was scarce in the
placer mining districts, large aurabers proceeded to prospect the beds
of other rivers, both aorth aad south, findiag that almost every
stream, from the Klamath, Triaity and Scott rivers of the North, to
the Stanislaus and other rivers of the South, coataiaed gold ia pay
iag quantities. Dams, ditches, tail races, wiag dams aad flumes were
built at the most available points in the various rivers, and imraense
fortunes were realized by a few persons. River mining partakes .of
the sarae nature and character as other mining, and although the
exact location was kaowa ia the river where the rich deposits were
to be fouad, yet the trouble aad expease, as well as the uncertaiaty
and risk in getting it, offset to a great extent the value of the
amount acquired ; for, ia some cases, raiaers were compelled to
dam aad flue three and evea four years ia successioa before beiag
able to get to work araong the pay gravel ia the river bed.
Frequent losses were entailed ia coasequence of the breakiag
away of daras, caused by raias in the mountains above coraing upon
them unexpectedly aad carryiag away fluraes, tools, etc., just as
everything was about ready for coramencing the work of washing
the pay dirt.
Gold raining, under favorable conditions is of a pleasing and
exciting aature, and for this reason has great attractioa for many ;
but such is the great uacertaiaty of success of this method of ac-
quiriag wealth, that although fully $50,000,000 of gold was beiag
aaaually extracted frora the raines aad put iato circulatioa, yet,
strange and paradoxical as it may seem, a few years demoastrated
the fact that the class who extracted the gold frora the soil ia the
dry diggiags, from tuaaels ia the old, ancieat river beds, as well as
fromthe present water courses, were the very ones who had, or who
retained in their possession, the least araount. It would be natural
to suppose, frora the nature of things, that those who dug the gold

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 189
should hold or retain ia their possessioa by far the greater portioa
of it ; the reverse, however, was the case, and ia a short tirae the
miners, as a class, were the poorest persoas ia the State. A few, of
course, had acquired fortunes, but thousands who had, but a short
tirae previously been in possession, of good payiag claims were aow
barely able to make a lining. It is a mooted questioa as to why
this was, aad ia what respects the business of gold mining differed
from aay other occupatioa.
¦The true explanation of this paradox, in ray opinion, can be
traced to the great expense attendant upoa the busiaess, aad to the
fact that the outgo coatinues at all tiraes, while little or nothiag is
comiag ia ; aa importaat factor being also aa excessive freedora ia
the use of gold, for a rainer who has a payiag raiae does aot prac
tice habits of ecoaoray ; he does aot kaow how, aad if he ever did
it has slipped his meraory.
As the raviaes, gulches and sraall creeks were now worked out,
or at that point whea they ceased to pay sufficieat to warraat work
iag, they were eatirely abaadoaed. This gave to the mining re
gions a very desolate appearance; for in certaia locatioas or dis
tricts where but a short time previous all was life aad aaimatioa,
aad the clatter of the shovels upoa the tom iroa, the rush of water
and gravel through the long sluices, and the laughter and jollity of
the miaers at work, evidencing the fact that fair wages were being
made, could be heard, now the scene was changed and all was deso
late and deserted. The numerous old cabins scattered around
among the hills were silent, and tenantless, too; the old chiraneys
in sorae places were falling to the ground, aad young pine trees
were showing theraselves among the ruias.
But agaia the sceae chaages; for aow the Asiatic hordes, who
had Iearaed of the great wealth to be acquired here ia so easy a
maaaer, were oa their way to hoaor the State with their corapaay,
aad they sooa flocked iato the mining regions in swarms, well satis
fied to work over the old abandoned claims left and deserted by
others. - They were welcomed by the mining comrauaity with opea
arms, as it was soon discovered that the Chinese would not pre
empt, or locate any new mining- grounds, desiring only to buy at a
fair price the old worked-out claims which. had been abandoned.
Here was the grand opportunity of the miner to re-locate and sell
to the Mongolian emigrant these old mining claims; and well did

I90 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
these disciples of Contucius merit the title of scavengers of the min
ing regions, for many of the old claims which had been abandoned
as worthless, were aot so in fact, as it was soon discovered that
from many of them the Chinese rainers were taking out large
araounts of gold.
The Chinese raethod of working a miniag claim differed very
materially frora our own, being of a more systematic character. It
was their practice to commence aad take everything cleaa as they
weat, leaviag aot an inch of ground behind them unworked. They
are very slow workers as compared with other races, but sure and
steady, illustratiag by their success ia working these old claims
the truth of the old adage that it is the steady mill that grinds the
cora. So thorough was their work, that it would be eatirely useless
aad a waste of time to work over aay raining grounds that have
been previously worked by a Chinese corapaay, for they got it all.
Some attempts to preveat the ingress of the Chinese into the
mining regions by levying or enforcing the previously adopted
" Foreign Miners' Tax," were made; but this they paid without a
murmur, and in many cases two or three times over, for it was often
the custom of some to go among them with fictitious papers, and
collect their taxes ia advance of the regularly licensed collector.
In the summers of '53-'54, those who still contiaued ia the occu
patioa of miaing, turned their attention chiefly to river and hill
raining, returning to the rivers ia the dry season and to their hill
claims in the fall, after the rivers had risen, aad readered such mia
iag impracticable. Tuaaels were rua iato the old river chaanels
ia all directioas; with varyiag success, however, some beiag a per
fect failure, whilst from others fortunes werejealized. Araong the
richest of these were the forest hill clairas, r where was found the
celebrated blue gravel lead, this beiag discovered priacipally amid
the aacieat river beds, ia the ceatral and northern mining regions
of the State, but small sections of it ever haviag beea fouad through
the southera portioas. These hill claims were very exteasive, aad
maay throughout the miaing regions, upon which work was cora
raenced nearly thirty-eight years ago, are yet being worked with
success. The same manner of working as originally, by drifting, is
still in vogue, although the gravel, instead of being washed as it
was at that time, is now crushed in mills iii the same manner as
quartz, and with greater profit. Many of these old abandoned hill

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 191
claims, from which the gravel had beea previously drifted, were
afterwards washed away by the hydraulic process, with good suc
cess. This process of raining commenced, I think, in some of the
mines ia the spring of '52, aad such was fouad to be the great ad-
vaatage of the method, aad the facility with which whole hills could
be removed from their fouadations aad carefully aad evealy de
posited amoag the farms ia the low couaties, leaving, of course,
the gold behind, that it came into general use throughout the min
ing regions wherever sufficient fall and water could be obtained.
Old abandoned mines were by this process made very remunerative,
as was the case also with raaay raviaes aad flats which could be
washed to advantage, without regard to the rights of those who
had fenced ia aad improved their gardea spots with fruit trees,
viaes aad flower-beds.
It was the geaeral opiaioa of the great majority of the mining
classes, frbm about the year '51, that this was exclusively a miaing
couatry; that it was- fit' for riothiag else, aad that ao man' had a
right to question this opiaioa^ or to build upoa, or to feace ia, aay
portioa of the soil for any other purpose whatsoever for his own
iadividual use, that a miaer was bouad to respect. This idea yet
exists in the minds of many, or at least of that portion who are en
gaged in -hydraulic miniag, for in their opinion the business of
mining, being the first and original industry of the country, must
have precedence over all other kinds of business, and of course this
priority gives thera the right to fill up, cover up, and destroy the pro
perty of the farraers below who were foolish enough to get in the
way. It was some tirae during the early spring of '52, that raiaing men
and geologists turaed their atteation to the various quartz ledges
which were found projecting above the surface of the ground
among the hills, many of which, upon examination, proved to be
very rich in gold. The opinion soon became general, and a well-
demonstrated fact, that all gold found araong the ravines, fiats, hills
and river beds, carae originally from these same quartz ledges, and
that locked within the solid quartz, in the finest of particles, was its
original condition. In consequence of volcanic eruptions and
glacial action the hills ahd ledges had, in course of ages, been
broken up and worn away to their present elevation, the gold

192 IHE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
therefrom having been scattered by the force of the rushing waters
among the ravines aad river beds, where it is aow found.
In '53 the erection of quartz mills commenced, and soon the
crash and rattle of their staraps could be heard echoing among the
hills and cafloas. In the first excitement of quartz mining, raills
were erected upon all ledges which showed the least appearance of
containing gold, but it was soon discovered that the greater portion
of thera did not pay expenses. The consequeace was, it is safe to
say, that huadreds of mills were idle in a year hence, and the valu
able raachinery was left to rust and decay. In the case, however,
of raany of these old abandoned ledges, further prospecting at
lower depth proved them to be of value, and many of thera at the
present time are being worked with profit, owing to the improyied
methods of saving the gold.
It has been said that gold mining was not a legitimate business,
and that the intense desire for gold created unnatural conditions.
But observation and experience show us that the happiness of the
human family, as well as the grade of civilization to which it is
possible to attain, depends upon the quantity of gold which it is
possible to acquire, and its proper use. Without gold in what would
life consist ? «Vhat would be its chief aim and consideration ?
Why, there wouldn't be aay aim at all, for there woulda't be any
target worth the aiming at. It was the desire to possess this prec
ious metal that prorapted thousands of us to undertake such a long,
wearisorae, and dangerous journey around those gigantic obstruc
tions at the extrerae end of the continent, as well as a tedious jour
ney across the barren deserts. It is this desire, also, or incentive,
which builds our great cities, our great manufacturing industries,
as well as our railroads and steamships ; proving conclusively, in my
opiaioa, that the iadividual v^ho first invented and threw to the
breeze the old sayiag that money makes the mare go understood
the whole business.
But why should gold in such vast quantities be scattered here
upon the western portion of our continent, and why was Nature so
partial in the distribution of her favors ? Was it accidental, the
effect of chance conditions, or was it designed for sorae special pur
pose ? The latter is the raore reasonable, and therefore the more prob
able, theory, for observation shows us that Nature frowns upon un
balanced conditions, and that here, upon the western slope of the

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORIVIA. 193
1
continent, lying silent and deserted, was an earthly paradise, un
thought of, and as yet unknown except by a few, while at the East
vast nurabers were settling aad making their horaes amid the snow
banks and blizzards of an Arctic climate, totally unconscious of
.what the conditions were at the far West, beneath the setting sun.
Under such conditions it is very easy to understand why Nature
frowns. It is very true, as we had beea previously iaforraed, and
rightly too, that Westward the Star of Empire takes its way ; yet,
by the aatural process of settleraent it would have required hun
dreds of years, perhaps, to colonize and to settle up this portion of
our continent, and properly balance the conditions of increased
population. It was for this purpose, no doubt, that the knowledge
of the existence of gold upon the western portion of our continent
was reserved for the Anglo-Saxon race, who understood its real
value and knew how to use it as an incentive for the proper adjust
ment of unbalanced conditions ; and we have come as the pioneers
of aa advancing civilization, intending to grow up with the country
and to use our best endeavors (by all legitimate means) to restore
the equilibrium by an increase in population:-
The hills, rivers and ravines still continued to give forth their
valuable treasure ; but one fact was very evident, and that was that
but a very small proportion of it remained in the mining regioas.
There was a continuous current of gold flowing into the chief city
by the sea, and but a very small portion of it returning to the min
ers, who by their labor extracted it from the earth. Business raen,
also, among the various mining camps in the gold regions, who had
succeeded in accumulating a reasonable amount, followed in the
wake of this current to the big city, there to use and spend their
earnings, and none, or at least but a very few, seeraed willing to
continue to live in and iraprove that portion of the country where
they had won success.
The continuous flow of gold concentrated, therefore, in the
hands of comparatively few men, and San Francisco becarae the
head-center for all coraers who desired to secure a portion of the
golden streara. And now the city which, but a few years previous,
was a mere cluster of sand-hills, began to assume the form and ap
pearance of a great city, or the foundation upon which a metrop
olis was to be built.
Throughout the dry or placer mining regions, numerous towns

194 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIIORNIA.
and villages had grown up which in a few years assumed con
ditions of considerable importance under the impression that such
mining would be of a more lasting and permanent character. It
required but a few years, however, to demonstrate the fact that
such mining was of a transient nature; the gold in the ravines,
gulches, flats aad beaches, as well as ia the small and shallow
creeks, was soon extracted, what was left by the Araerican miner in
his hasty and careless method of working being subsequently thor
oughly cleaned out by the Chinese miners. These sections being
now almost entirely deserted by the miners, the business men and
families in the towns aad villages were forced to abandon them,
their homes and property soon falling into decay.
A journey through these deserted and now silent villages, which
but a few short years previous were full of life and animation, pre
sents to the raind a scene which can only be pairalleled by the New
Zealander of the future, sitting upon the ruins of London Bridge,
speculating upon the vicissitudes and the uncertainties of human
affairs, especially in gold miniag, and further illustrates the fact
that although it is gold itself that forms the great incentive for
building up our towns aad cities, yet the precious metal does not
possess the power to built up, or improve, the portions of the coun
try in which it is found; but seemingly produces a contrary effect.
It was for these reasons, that upon the placer raines being worked
out, the various towns and villages soon went to decay; the coun
try presenting a very desolate and deserted appearance. This
desolation would have increased as the raines becarae exhausted, and
ia course of time the whole mining region would have beea silent
aad deserted, but for the important discovery having been made that
the abandoned mining regions possessed a value for agricultural
purposes far superior, of a more permanent character, and of greater
value to the human family in general than the gold beneath the
surface. To this cause can be attributed the change in the course
of events, as well as the character of the country, and which also
will in time be the means ot transforming the now silent and de
serted portions of the mining regions into populous and thriving
settleraents. As the various mines becarae exhausted of their wealth, and the
once prosperous villages were abandoned and left to decay, the
gambling classes, and the gentleraen of elegant leisure were also

I
i

MINING GROUND TRANSFORMED.

196 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
forced to leave for other more populous sections — the greater por
tion of them foUowiag the golden current to the head-centers of
populatioa, i. e., the great cities below. Maay, however, abaadoned
their calliag, and becoming desperate engaged in the busiaess of
miaing. A few, however, turaed their atteatioa to what ia their
opiaioa seemed the most remuaerative, aad most ia accordaace with
their aatures: they became travelling stage agents, upon the various
routes throughout the mining regions; inspecting the various
coaches which they met in lonesome out-of-way places. When
fouad to be overloaded with a larger amouat or weight of precious
metal thaa the law allows in such cases, these vehicles would be
relieved of the surplus, and in many cases a little more besides.
The greater number of this gentry were, however, in course of time
captured through the vigilance of certain well-known and energetic
detectives, such as J. Hume and a few others.
Ia a few short years the placer diggiags were almost eatirely
exhausted, and, as before mentioaed, the aaaual yield of gold had
been somewhat reduced ia coasequeace ; but the yield from the
aacieat river beds will, ao doubt, remaia a constaat quantity for
maay loag years, uatil they also become exhausted, or the profits
becoming too small will lead to their ahaadoameat, aad ultimately
fall iato the hands of the Moagoliaa race, which will, doubtless,
contiaue workiag them for the next three huadred years at least.
Quartz miain^, however, is of a differeat nature, and i.n consequence
of the great number of ledges throughout the State, as well as the
great depth in which gold-beariag quartz has beea fouad, many
ages will be required to entirely exhaust thera, araouating doubtless
to huadreds of years, or as loag, perhaps, as gold is used for the
purposes of exchaage.
After a residence here among the hills of the miaing regions of
six or seven years' duration, we had acquired a kaowledge of
the peculiarities of the climate of the couatry, the tirae of the
changes of its seasons frora wet to dry, and vice versa, and we found
that there was ao uniforraity ia the various changes, and no possible
raanner of foretelling what the following winter or its nature would
be ; whether it would be a wet or a dry one, or what the nature of
the following dry season was to be. No two seasons were alike,
but differed in raany respects frora all preceding oaes. The Indians.
however, pretended to have discovered a raeans of forecastiag the

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 197
nature of the following winters, but they missed it occasioaally. It
was also claimed that the squirrels were endowed with foresight, and
would lay ia a wiater's supply accordingly. These, too, raissed it
occasioaally, from which fact if was evident, as the oldest iahabi-
taat was forced to adrait upon his dyiag bed, that ao sure meaas of
progaosticatiag the future condition of the weather ia California
were possible.
The rains commenced ia the raiaiag regioas usually about
the last of October, and coatiaued at intervals throughout the
season until on or about April loth, and occasionally, with a few
light showers throwa ia as good raeasure, up to the 20th. These
raiay seasoas throughout the central portioa of the mining re
gioas were usually warra aad pleasaat, with but very little saow
and ice, aad, with the exceptioa of a few days towards the last
of Deceraber, miaiag could be coatiaued throughout the year.
The dry seasons, in some localities, were very hot for a short
time duriag July aad August, but the aights, however, ia the hot
test of weather were iavariably cool.
The orchards and viaeyards were about this time coming
into beariag, demonstrating the fact that the soil was well adapted
to fruit growiag. Maay of the raviaes aad flats, frorn which the
soil had previously been washed away ia the search for gold.
were by meaas of brush dams agaia filled up to a proper level
by the rauddy strearas from miaiag claims higher up, aad coavert-
ed into rich gardea spots, giviag aa appearance similar to the
older, settled portions of our country. It soon became apparent
that fruit raisiag could be made remuaerative, aad huadreds of
miaers throughout the ceatral portioas of the mining regions turaed
their attentioa to this new aad profitable industry. Orchards and
vineyards ia a few short years could be fouad blooming upoa
every available poiat where water for irrigatioa could be obtaiaed ;
upon flats, benches aad slides, aad even ia some cases upoa the
tops ofthe highest hills, for up here the soil was of a lighter char
acter aad better adapted to the viae thaa that of lower aad colder
localities. The long, dry suraraer seasoas here are well adapted to
fruit raising, and it was soon found that tropical fruits would ma
ture aad ripea in certaia well-protected localities, such, for instance,
as the orange, lemon and fig.
Various flowering plants, also, which in much lower latitudes of

198 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
the Atlantic slope can only be raised in hot-houses, are here an or
dinary garden plant, and but very seldom injured by the frosts of
spring. The long, dry summers and cloudless skies are to the new
coraers an agreeable contrast with those at the East, and for a few
years are very enjoyable, but in tirae becorae moaotonous to those
who were born and raised uader less favorable coaditioas ia colder
climates, many becoming wearied at the continuance of such a loag
and cloudless atmosphere, which in some Reasons embraces a per
iod of eight to ten raonths. They seera to pine for other condi
tioas, where heavy rains, hailstorms aad cycloaes are frequent aad
break the monotoay of the sceae. This desire for a change is a
disease, the remedy for which is well kaowa, for maay who have
returned to their Eastern homes to be cured have again weaded
their way to Califoraia, perfectly coavalesceat after speadiag oae
short year away, satisfied aad content and willing to eadure the
tedious moaotoay of eight long months beneath the cloudless skies
here, rather than to risk an unequal contest with the bhzzards and
cycloaes of an Eastern wiater.
The mining classes are usually of a restless aature aad ready to
waader forth at aay time ia search of aew fields, aad will, as it
has beea proved ia the earlier experiences of Gold Bluff, Salmon
and the Saake River exciteraeat, as well as in the raore recent dis
coveries of Frazer River, British Columbia aad Moataaa, abaadoa
raaches and good payiag raines, carried away by the anticipation of
finding away yonder rich miaes aad better pay than can be found
nearer home. But the greater portion eventually return, satisfied
that small wages at home are better thaa searchiag araoag the
mouatain ranges of other sections of the country for uncertainties.
In the course of some eight years from the first discovery of gold
in California, the eatire couatry, exteadiag frora Arizona aad New
Mexico oa the south, up through the British possessions to the
Alaska line on the north, aad as far as the Black Hills at the east,
were traveled over aad prospected by various compaaies of miners
who were in search of another Eldorado. Although many rich
localities were discovered from which a great araount of gold was
extracted, yet the raines were spotted, the gold generally at a great
depth and confined to a few gulches or ravines oaly, deraonstrating
the fact that no other portion of the earth's surface, at least upon
our own continent, will ever be discovered where the gold is dis-

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199

WM B
¦ WwW wan >

200 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
tributed so uniformly over the surface araongthe numerous ravines,
rivers and gulches, aad in such immense quantities, as was found
to be the case in California. In fact, I doubt the existence of a
similar deposit and of such an extent, anywhere upon the earth's
surface. Neither has there been so far discovered anywhere upon
the Pacific Coast mining districts that contain within their liraits
such a vast nuraber of quartz ledges bearing free gold in paying
quantities, as can be found in the mining regions of California at
the present time.
I have stated that the raajority of the residents of California, at
least in the raining regions, had now become well satisfied with
their adopted horae, and intended to remain; but there were a few,
neverthless, who still pined for their Eastern home, for various
reasons. For instance.
I chanced to meet a family one day upon the emigrant road,
evidently upon their return journey. It was during the spring of
'57. The family was composed of an old man and his wife, the
former driving a yoke of cattle hitched to a regular emigrant wagon
covered, and with all the triramingsusually found in connection with
an emigrant team. It was so unusual to see a teara of this descrip
tion headed for the East that, from curiosity, I inquired of thera
whither they were bound:
" Wall, stranger," the old man replied, " me an' the ole woman
air a-gwine away from hyar. We air on the homestretch to ole
Missouri agin, whar we cum frum nigh on ter ten years ago."
He explained further, that many years before he and his wife
had become imbued with a desire to retire to some secluded place,
to live in solitude away frora the noise and confusion of society,
and where, as he said:
" We cud jest enj'y outsels; an' raise lots o' chickens without
interferin' with anybody."
So they moved away out West, and made their horae in soUtude
upon the frontier.
" Wall stranger that wus a rale quiet place out thar fur a spell;
but jest as soon as they diskivered gold out'n California, the jig were
up, fer all them chaps, who wus a-goin' thar.come right along my way,
and just shoved that air frontier of ourn right along ahead of 'em
t'ards the West. So one mornin' Nancy ses to me, ses she, 'Hiram!
Hiram! ef we air a-gwine to enj'y a solitude along with a frontier

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

201

202 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
we mus' git away frora hyer, t'ards the West, and git a leetle ahead
of all them fellers.' ' Thet's so Nancy,' ses I, 'an' ef you back pu
ther duds, I'll call ther chickens, hitch up ther team an' load ther
wagin, and we'll git ahead on 'em and diskiver another frontier
somewhar.' But durn my buttons, straager, we've been tryin' to git
a leetle ahead on 'era ever sence. But 'taint no use. We thot we
hed struck a frontier in Californy agin' fur sartin, when we fust got
thar; but one raornin' arter we hed hed a long wet spell, the fust
thing I seen when I got up wus a stearaboat right in ther back-yard.
So ses I, ' Nancy, Nancy, hyer they air jest a comin' agin'. So we
loaded our traps in the wagin, and went over ther mountains whar
the ocean is, an' we jest thot that we hed got it now fur shure; fur
hyer was a sort o' a nat'ral frontier that wouldn't stan' any pushin'.
So we ontied the chickens an' got ready, kind o' hum like, when
one mornin' we heerd the awflest n'ise, and wen we went out, durned
if thar wern't a saw-mill right back of our chicken house, an' they
were jest buildin' 'nother one 'cross the creek, and some ships was
a-sailin' along in frum ther ocean to load up ther lumber. Now
N,ancy never did like saw-mills. Sed she'd ruther hear it thunder
enny day, 'cause the sawin' n'ise sets her teeth on aidge so. On'y
she haint got a nat'ral tooth in her hed annyhow."
" Well," said I, " where did you go next ? "
" Wall, the old lady replied, " we thot we raought try it further
north fur a spell, so we moseyed 'long up thru Oregia, an' 'way
off up inter Idyho ; whar we foun' a frontier at las', fur sartin. An'
I reckon 'twill stay thar fura spell, too. We stayed on't a hull
year, but had to git off oa't agin oa 'count of ther chipkens."
I asked her the reason.
"Oh, shucks," she replied, "a sawmill was nothin' t' ther racket
up thar, an' I'll tell ye how it wuz. Yer see, in ther winter 'tis
toraal cold, an' ther roosters couldn't crow, fur yer see jest as they
'gun to crow it all fruz harder'n a icicle, so jest soon's spring's
thaw cum on, why all their crowin's thet wuz fruz in ther winter
'gun t' chirp, and sich a crowin' time ye never heerd in all yer born
days. An' fur mor'n two weeks me nur Hiram didn't sleep bles
sed wink. Well, stranger, we jist packed up agin, and thot we'd
try the southern kintry, 'mong th' cactuses in th' sandy desert
down in Aryzony. Frum ther looks o' things down thar we thot
mebbe we'd be 'way frum 'era all and hev the frontier all to our-

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 203
selves, but we wuz hasty, though. One morain' Hi run, aad sez he,
'Nancy, Nancy I 'taiat ao use.' They wuz comia' agia sure 'nuff;
fur 'way up 'n ther valley we cud see th' dus' a-risia', aad we
knowed what that meant ; and now yer see we air jest a moseyin'
back to ole Missouri agin."
" Yaas," says Hiram, "the kintry's gittin' to be no 'couat„aa'
purty sooa thar woa't be a mite o' froatier lef, fur they air just a-
crowdia' on't way down inter Mex'co, an' 'twon't be long 'fore
they'll be a-tryia' ter chuck it 'way up over later Kaaady. Yer
caa't fia' enny solertude now anywhar."
"Nary a solertude," says Nancy. " Fur 'tis jest fizz ! buzz!
buzz ! geerat ! whang ! slang ! kerbang ! all over ther hull blessed
kiatry. Now we'll go back to ole Missoury agin, whar we kin git
suthin' fit ter eat, aayhow, an' we'll try an' stub thru ther rest o'
our days 'thout eaay froatier in our'a."
I asked the old lady if she could not fiad aaythiag fit to eat in
California. '' Oh, yaas, sich as 'tis ; but nuthin' ter wat we kin git in Mis
soury," she replied.
When I iaquired of her what it was that she could get to eat
there that was so much better thaa aaythiag to be found ia Califor
aia, she aaswered,
" Wall, straager, yer aever ett poke-greeas'a bacoa dowa in
Missoury, fur if yer hed yer never wud a-ax'd sich a question."
I asked the old man what he thought of California, anyhow.
" Wall," he replied, " 'tis a big kiatry, aad I tell yer 'twoa't be
loag afore ther'll be a powerful heap er folks a-livia' all ove.r, thick-
er'ii rats in Sacrymenty City" (" Yaas, or fleas in San Frixo," in
terjected Nancy), " but when yer cura to talk about yer climate,
there aint none t'compare with climate in ole Missoury. W'y, jest
think on't, stranger, ten an' 'leven raonths o' sunshine in Californy
an' no show fer a pore raan to get a raiait's res', an' every raornin'
'long 'bout daylight, yer jes' hear the ole gal a-chirpin', ' Cum, cum.
Hi, git up thar ! the sun's a-risin' clare, and yer got a heap er work
ter do, yer know.' No, stranger, I couldn't stan' it ; so we'll go
back to ole Missoury, live on poke-greens'n bacon,'n hev a show
wen it rains t' talk politics with ther boys outen ther corn crib, or
take a nap with ole Boz in ther chimney corner fer a spell. It's so
drefful cheerin' like in ole age."

CHAPTER XIV.

The Discovery of Silver in Nevada — The Stage Road — Hank
Monk — Road Agents — The Parson — The Stool Pigeon —
Spirits — The Boys Who Captured the Thief — A Young Dick
Turpin — The Irishman and the Road Agent.
ABOUT the year 1858 occurred another very important event in
the history of mining upon the Pacific coast, this being the
discovery of silver mines in the State of Nevada. The mines of
California contain gold principally, but small quantities of silver be
ing found, and in a few locations only mines of copper, although,
except in a few cases, not in paying quantities. In the State adjoin
ing, however, upon the eastern slope of the Nevada range, the rule
was reversed, the principal character of the ore being of silver, but
small quantities of gold having been so far discovered.
The excitement throughout the raining regions was intense, aad
thousaads could be seea upon the various roads on their way to the
new Eldorado. Hundreds deserted their ranches, miners forsaking
their clairas, aad busiaess men and mechanics also joining in the
almost universal stampede. At the coramencement of the silver
m.iaing industry it could aot, for .the want of proper machinery and
facilities for working the ores, be reduced or worked on the Pacific
Coast, and it therefore became neccessary to export it to other por
tions of the country for the purpose. The ore was packed in sacks,
placed upon the backs of mules, and in this manner transported
across the mountains to San Francisco, frora whence it was shipped
to the various reduction works in New Jersey, or to Swansea, Wales. In
a short tirae, long trains of mules heavily laden with the valuable
silver ore could .almost daily be seen wendiag their way slowly but
surely araoag the rocks and over steep declivities of the mountains,
destined for the sea coast.
The roads through the miaing regions were rough, and across
the mountains steep and precipitous, it being almost impossible to
304

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 205
coavey freight or supplies into the silver miaes, except upoa the
backs of mules. This state of affairs was soon chaaged, however,
for roads were imraediately coramenced, starting from a poiat a few
miles above Placerville, a system of toll roaas beiag coasiructed
across the mountains nearly oae huadred miles in exteat. The
completion of these roads changed, in a short tirae, the character of
the silver raining industry; for by raeans of thera, all the aec-
cessary raachiaery for working the rich ores could easily be trans
ported across the mountains from the foundries aad work shops of
San Francisco.
Sooa were seen long trains of heavily laden wagons, drawn by
mules, containing an endless assortment of iron wheels, pulleys,
boilers, smoke-stacks aad eaormous fly-wheels, as well as all of the
various tools and parts of machinery necessary for the working of
the mines. Heavily loaded "schooners" also, drawn in some in
stances by twelve large mules, could often be seen ia large aum
bers stringing along the road for railes, laden with household goods,
hardware, groceries and provisions for the use of the vast numbers
who had congregated there and were eagaged in mining, prospect
ing, and also in laying foundations of the principal town, Virginia
City. These toll roads were grand affairs; broad, smooth and as hard
as a floor, for they were kept well watered by regular water carts,
which being filled from the numerous springs by the roadside,travel-
ed back and forth, sprinkling them thoroughly. This road, during
the dry season and when not encumbered by heavy snows upon the
sumrait of the mountains, for several years presented the appearance
of a busy street in some cities. Men on foot, and vehicles of all
descriptions, were continually passing in one direction or the other.
For the coaveaience of this iraraense traffic, houses, barrooras and
way stations for the accoraodation of teamsters and travelers, were
necessary and numerous, being situated but a short distance apart
along the entire length of the road. Some of them were fine and
costly buildings, while others, again, were ofthe cheapest character
This also was the regular stage road, from Sacramento City
through Placerville. During the sumraers of 's8-'59 the travel over
this stage route was very heavy, and for a greater portion of the time
two and three stages loaded with passengers left Placerville daily for
the silver mines. To drive a stage upon this route the most expert

2o6 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
drivers were required; sober and steady mea who had great presence
of mind, for upoa these qualities the lives of a load of passengers,-
numberiag ia some iastances as raany as eighteen ortweaty persons,
depeaded, and among thera would always be found a few ladies and
childrea. The horses used were usually of a Spaaish mustang
breed, the wheelers geaerally beiag old aad steady American horses.
Six horses was the usual aumber required, and the leaders beiag, as
was oftea the case, oaly half brokea, uatamed mustaags, it
required drivers who thoroughly uaderstood their business.
Among these experienced drivers, and the most prominent, was
the one wtio brought Horace Greeley through oa time, Haak Monk,
aad who had the reputatioa of beiag oae of the most expert drivers
oa the coast; he died recently in Carson City. Hank Moak was
wha.t is termed amoag stage mea a lucky driver, seldom raeeting
with an accident aad ao passeager ever haviag been injured who
rode with him. If an accideat ever did happen to hira upoa his
route, he kept cool, puffed his cigar, aad kept his own couasel.
A passenger, who oa oae occasioa occupied aa outside seat, re
lates that in descending the steep grade frora the raountain side into
Carson Valley, aad whea withia about a half-mile of the foot of the
grade, the brake bar gave way. The stage, with its load of passen
gers, rolled forward upon the wheelers, but Haak took aa extra turn
of the line around his hands, held his cigar firraly between his
clenched teeth, and speaking quietly to . his raustang leaders said,
" Gerlang I gerlang ! " and they certainly did, for never in the his
tory of staging was faster tirae raade down that or aay other grade.
The passenger sitting beside him becarae frightened and started to
jurap, but Monk said, "Set still!" which fortunately for hira he
did. The passengers inside were frightened at the rate of speed
with which the descent was being made, and not kaowiag the cause
of it aaturally supposed that some accideat had happened to the
driver. Oae of them, therefore, upon thrusting his head out of the
window to reconnoitre, met the smiling contenance of Monk, and
quieted the fears of his fellow passengers by remarking:
" We are making pretty fast time; but Hank Monk has hold of
the lines, and it's all right aayhow. "
The runaiag wild mustaags were guided safely to the level valley
below, aad brought to a staadstill in front of the hotel for lunch.
When asked by some of the passengers why- he drove so furiously

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

207

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I VE TIME FOR LUNCH.

2o8 IHE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
down that grade, he replied that he was a little behindhand for
lunch, that was all.
There were other stage-drivers also who drove upon this moun
tain road, although not so well known perhaps as Monk, yet who
had high reputations as expert drivers. Among them were Watson
and Nelson. There was anotherone,who, if not so expert as a driver,
and possibly did not acquire so great a notoriety in the business as
others, at least when alive, created a greater astonishment at death,
and this was Charley, the noted stage-driver who had followed the
business of stage driving for some years upon various roads through
out the State, and upon whose death, which occurred only recently,
it was discovered that the noted stage-driver was a woman.
It could hardly be expected that a well-traveled road like this,
over which so much treasure was being transported, and where so
many tearasters were returning with their freight raoney about them,
should be free from the inquisitive eye of the road agent, although
it was for a while. The teraptation, however, in a short tirae became
too great, and the unusual facilities for operating this species of in
dustry readered the conditioas such that it followed from necessity.
The business of certaia classes of the sportiag frateraity among
the small towns of the mining regions, had at this time become
almost entirely destroyed, and many of them in their desperation
had actually gone to work. But with the opening of this new road,
with its iraraense travel and unusual facilities, other opportunities
of a little better aature thaa hard work were brought into existence;
and the result was that many availed themselves of them. Teamsters
.were robbed of their well-earned freight money; travelers on foot,
oa horseback, aad under all coaditioas, were relieved of theirisur-
plus at all poiats, aad at all hours of the day or night.
It was oftea amusing, as well as very iastructive, to stop by
chaace at some large hotel where a number of travelers aad team
sters had put up for the night, and hear their stories of how they
were ordered to stop and puagle by these knights of the road.
It happeaed upon oae occasion that I stopped for the night at
Yank's Hotel in Lake Valley. There were about forty teamsters
stopping over for the night, and they coraraenced relatiag their ex.
periences. Several had beea relieved of their freight raoney quiet
recently, and they explained, in very graphic language, just where,
when, aad how it was done. Oae tearaster present was called by his

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

209

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210 THE ARGONA UTS OF- CALIFORNIA.
brother teamsters "Big George," and well he merited the narae,
for he was a large, powerful raan, and drove a twelve-mule
bell team. He made it his boast that these chaps on the road
knew enough to let him alone, for up to this time he had never been
troubled by them ; but, singularly enough, upon his return from
this very trip he was robbed of his freight money, amounting to
something over $500. On his way home he took the Dutch Flat
road, and was robbed within half a mile of the town of Marysville.
By coincidence, about two weeks later the same crowd of team
sters, including " Big George,'' I being preseat also, raet again at
the sarae hotel in Lake Valley for the night, and aow the reraark of
" Ah, George, they know eaough to let me aloae ! " would be heard
frora various ones. After hearing this repeated- a number of
tiraes, George said that he would give up, they were too much for
him, and upon request he gave a very graphic description of the
whole affair. He stated that when he was within sight of the town_
which was visible a short distaace ahead, it was about suadowa and he
was seated away up ia his accustoraed place upon his sheep'skin,
and that just as the wagon was opposite a great boulder which had
slid down frora the bank above partly obstructing the road, a little
bit of a black-eyed cuss,- who wasn't much bigger thaa a good sized
cud of tobacco, juraped from behind it, and placiag his foot upon
the hub of the forward wheel, at the same tirae poiatiag the muzzle
of aaimraense revolver up towards George, coramanded him to stop
the team.
" Well, boys, I stopped them," said George, " but at the same
time I put my hand upon my revolver, which was lying all cocked
and ready for business right under the sheepskin. He knew pretty
well what I was going down there after, you bet, so he juraped on
the hub of the wheel and shoved his howitzer close up to my eyes
and right down into the barrel I could see the big leaden balls.
They appeared to me to be as big as my fist, and just squirming to
get at' me. Says he, ' Take your hand off of that,' and I did. Then
the little cuss, says he, ' Put your purse into my hand.' At the
same time extending it up towards me."
" Well, George, what did you do then ? " some one asked.
"I just kept my eye down in the barrel of that six pounder,
took out ray purse from under the sheepskin carefully and tenderly,
for I did hate to give it up to such a little insignificant squib as he

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

2X1

!™|fc1li,';iflii.i"i»»''"'iiil',,;

212 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
was, but 'twas no use. I just reached over and laid it gently into
his hand, like a little man. He jumped down, thanked me kindly,
and remarked as it was getting late I had better hurry up or I would
lose my supper."
Many were the incidents related by these teamsters of their va
rious e.xperiences with the road agents and how they escaped, for
at this time many, for fear of robbery, would express their money
over, or take in its stead a check which they would have cashed in
San Francisco or in Sacraraento City upon their return home.
A gentleman was driving a buggy on his way frora Dutch Flat
to Virginia City, when, near his destiaation, he was stopped by a
man ; a pistol was presented, and the usual formaUties were gone
through with as is necessary in such cases. The geatlemaa haaded
over a $20 gold piece, at the same tirae remarking that he was very
sorry, but that was all he happened to have with hira. He noticed
in handing it over to the road agent that the latter appeared to be
very nervous and frightened, and he remarked to hira that he be-
lieved he was new to the business. The agent answered that he was
and that it was his first offense, and that he oaly did it frora abso
lute necessity. Upon beiag further questioaed, he stated that he
had worked for a whole year ia a livery stable as hostler ia a town
aot far away ; that the livery stable keeper failed, and he never re
ceived a single dollar. Upon further inquiry it was learned that he
had a young wife aad two sraall children living in the State of
Ohio. "They are really suffering, and, by George," he said, "Iwas
determined to raise money somehow to send them."
The gentleman then informed him that he himself kept a livery
stable, aad promised to give him a good job if he would get iato the
buggy with hira. After sorae persuasion he did so, and it was after
wards stated that he proved to be a faithful and corapetent man, re
raaining there in the Saraaritan's employ for nearly four years, and
the gentleman never stated the facts of the case until after the host
ler had returned to his family in the East.
There were numerous incidents of a similar character constantiy
occurring on this road.
A tall, lean and lank specimen of a Downeaster; who was en
gaged in mining, was very leisurely walking along the road one
Sunday afternoon on his way horae.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

213

He had been out visiting araoag sorae of his lady acquaiataaces
and was dressed in the regulation store-clothes style ; in place
of a collar, however, he wore a plain white handkerchief for a neck
tie. In consequence of a close reserablance to a certain minister of
the gospel who frequently visited that part of the country, he was
called by all his acquaintances " the parson." All at once oae of
these polite road agents stepped out frora behind a tree, aad, pre-
seatiag his weapoa, demanded the " parson's" raoaey iastaatly, or
off would come the top of his head. Now,~the parsoa was totally
unprepared for such an encounter, aad as he had in his pocket a

THE ROAD AGENT OUTWITTED.
purse containing about $250, which he didn't like to part with with
out a struggle, the question suggested itself at oace as to how he
could save it. An idea occurred to him, aad the fact of his being
called a parson could now be raade good use of, since he was well
aware that he very much reserabled one. Especially was this true
when dressed up with his old-fashioned black coat and his white
necktie, aad they saved hira. He replied to the demand in a drawl
ing tone, that uafortuaately the profession in which he was engaged
didn't enable him to carry about much raoney, but that he had a
prayer-book which might be sold for a trifle, at the same time putting
his hand into his coat pocket for the book. The agent, ordering

214 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
him to take his haad from his pocket, agaia repeated his demaad, or
off would corae his nead aad at once, if he didn't hand over. Then
says the parson, in his drawling style :
" If I raust go hence, first let me pray, won't ye? " at the same
time kneeling down in the proper attitude.
The road agent, beiag now satisfied that he had sure enough
struck a genuine parsoa, turaed in disgust and remarked as he went
away :
" Oh, pray away all night, if you like, and be d  d ! "
But this little incident, like many others which often occur
amoag the parsons, has a sequel.
Some four years later, in Sacraraento City, the parson and sorae
of his acquaintances were enjoying themselves as miners usually
do when visiting the large cities in the barroom of one of the
hotels. During the course of the evening, a well-dressed raan, who
seemed to be serving" in some capacity ia the hotel, took hira by the
arm to oae side, aad asked hira if he ever lived up on the toll-road
a few railes above- Placerville. The parson replied that he did, aad
that his residence was in a caflon aear the road, where he was at
present mining. The man thea asked :
"You were a rainister some four or five years ago, were you
not?" " Why, no, I wern't at all ; they only called me parson because
I looked so much like oae. But say, straager, why do you ask me
these questioas ? "
" Well, because when that road agent demaaded your money,
you remeraber you said you were a preacher, and got right down
in the dust to pray."
" Yaas, I know that ; but you see that chap got the drop on me,
aad as I had no weapon with me I was bound to save about $250
that I had ia my pocket."
" Well," says the man, " and you did it well, too."
" Why," Yank asks.
"Why? because I was the chap who was concerned in that little
funny business."
"The h-  1 you was ! why, you don't say so ! really though ?"
" Yes, sure. You see I was on the way home from the other side
and was dead broke, and I just thought to myself, now here is agood
chance. It was my first and last trial in the business, for the idea

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 215
i I of robbing a couatry preacher broke me all up. Do you aotice that
I aai now bald-headed ? "
" Why, yes," aaswered the parson ; " what's the matter?"
The man replied. " I was so disgusted with myself that I shed
¦ ¦ my hair all out on the way horae."
"Well, I'll be doll garned ! " exclaimed the parson. " Let's go
aad take suthia'."
Aad, by the way, this remiads me of aaother iacident of a simi
lar nature, where the priacipal actor couldnot resist a good chaace.
The robberies or attempts to rob becarae so frequeat withia a
few railes of towa, that it was very evideat that the men engaged ia
the business were a part of the sportiag class, with which the towa at
this tirae was filled. They would go up the road, leaviag towa late
at aight, aad retura before daylight. Maay were suspected, but for
want of evidence they could aot be arrested. The sheriff, equal to
the eraergeacy, eraployed a man who had himself been ia that bus
iaess ia sorae other quarter of the globe but who had reforraed, to
act as a spy or stool pigeon ; to go out upon the road at night and
endeavor to recogaize some of these sportiag chaps.
Oa the day foUowiag, an old gentleman complained at the sher
iff's office of haviag been stopped upon the road and robbed of quite
a sum of money, and remarked that he beUeved that he could recog
nize the chap if he could see him, as it was not a very dark night.
Just at this moment our stool pigeon, or highway detective, entered
the door. The old gentleman took a good, square look at him, and
exclaimed :
" There ! There ! That's the chap who robbed me ! "
The sheriff said to him :
" Tom, did you rob this raan ? "
" Oh, yes," he replied, " and here is the money," at the same time
throwing the purse upon the table.
When asked why he did it he replied,
" Well, it was such a good chance that I really couldn't help it."
The murder and robbery of Capt. Harmon of Smith's Flat, a
mining camp a few miles above Placerville, is worth mentioning, for
there is one very mysterious circumstance in connection with this
man which is difficult of explanation.
The captain had been a seafaring man for many years, and, hav
ing become tired of the sea, he came up to this mining camp la the

2l6- THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
spring of '57 and opened a sraall store. It was aoticed by many, in
fact it was well kaowa araong all who had raade his acquaintance,
that he was almost daily in the habit of seating himself in the back
part of his store and holding a conversation, as he very earnestly
raaintained, with his wife who had been dead about seventeen years,
and with a daughter also who had been dead but a few years.
It was useless to argue or to reason with hira in relation to the
matter, for he maintained most positively that such was really the
case, and they often conversed upon their family affairs and of
events which had occurred in early life. It was the geaeral opiaion
among all that the captaia was of course iasaae upon that subject,
and for this reason but little was ever said about it. Spiritualism, at
this early day, at least ia this part of the couatry, had not yet been
invented, although at the East it was beiag developed gradually,
having at this date progressed as far as table-tipping aad other simi
lar pheaomena. For this reason, when the captain maintained that
he was conversing with the spirits of his wife and daughter, it could
not be accepted.
If I am not mistaken, I think that he had been in the camp about
eighteen months, whea, oae day, he made kaown to a number of his
customers that he had been informed the day before by his wife
that he was soon to leave all earthly affairs and live with his faraily
in the other world. He said that his wife did not inform him just
when he should die, or by what means, and she had refused to en
lighten hira any further, only insisting that he would soon be with
thera. The news seeraed to make him feel rather down-hearted ;
not, as he said, from a knowledge of the fact of his going, but the
means which would be used to take his life. He had ao eaemies
that he knew of, and was, furtherraore, ia very good health. The
boys tried to laugh him out of the thought of such a thiag, but it
was of ao use. He received the news from his wife upon a Sunday,
and on the morning of the Thursday following he was found upon
his bed dead, having been killed with aa axe by a Mexican. The
safe was broken open and robbed also. The axe was soon found in
a shaft, and the Mexican who owned it was arrested, tried and exe
cuted. Another instance in which two courageous and bright speci
mens of young Araerica took a very active part, occurred in Eldo
rado County, sorae time during the year '63.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

217

'i ;

I'lK

2l8 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
These two boys, about 12 years of age, with their shot guns
started out one pleasant morning on a hunt, a.nd in passiag the
cabin of a miner, they saw coming frora it a strange, suspicious
looking character, who was loaded down with plunder. Being satis
fied that the man was a thief, they ordered him to return the goods
to the cabin, which he did. With their guns in readiness, they then
ordered him to walk in the trail ahead of them, and in this manner
they marched the fellow into Placerville, a distance of nearly three
miles, into the hospitable arras of Sheriff Rogers, who gave him a
very cordial reception. Upon investigation, he proved to be an ex-
convict, and a very dangerous man, but unfortunately for him and
very fortunately for the boys, too, at this time he was unarmed.
On the way to town, he tried every means to prevail upon the
boys to lay down their guas. He offered to bet thera five dollars
that they could aot kill a bird perched upon a bush aear the trail.
One of the. boys remarked that " Them wasn't the kind of birds
we're huatin' for; we're huntin' only for jail birds." He promised
them ia case they would just lay their guas dowa ia the grass for a
minute or so, he would give each of 'em a great many shares of
stock in one of the richest mines in the Comstock.
They politely informed him that the only kind of stock they
cared about just then was gun stock, and that they had shares
enough of that to go round.
One of the most laughable cases of highway robbery occurred
a few years later in Sonoma County, the agent in the affair being a
youth about fourteen years of age. Commencing in fun, he un
fortunately ended his joke in dead earnest.
This young man was walking out upon the road one evening,
and hearing the stage coming behind hira, in order to avoid being
run over, climbed upon the bank alongside of the road. The latter
was very narrow and sandy at this point, and the horses were
walking. Now, near to the edge of the bank where the boy was standing
was a picket fence, aad to keep from falling he was obliged to hug
rather closely to it. In doing so one of the pickets becarae loose,
just as the stage had got opposite to him. In a spirit of fua, with
out calculating upon the effect of the movement, he pointed his
loose picket toward the driver of the stage, and in a coarse profes
sional tone deraanded hira to stop; and, to his astonishment, the

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

219

driver stopped the teara. To carry out the joke, he then ordered
the driver to throw out Wells & Fargo's treasure box; aad he was
again astonished to see the order promptly obeyed and the treasure
box fall near hira upon the bank. It now became necessary, in
order to continue the joke to a favorable termination, tb give one
more peremptory order, and to hesitate was to be lost. So he com
manded the driver to " Go on! "
The stage with its load of passengers started onward, leaving
the treasure in care of the picket guard. Now carae the crisis in

THE PICKET GUARD.
the affair; the last act in the drama which was to determine the
future destiay of a bright specimea of Youag America.
The boy seated himself upon the box and rubbed his eyes and
scratched his head to satisfy hiraself 'twas not all a dream. He
said to himself:
" Now here is an opportunity corae to me that I never dreamed
or thought of before. Is it my destiny? Now shall I be a good
Httie boy, take back the.box and tell 'era that I oaly doae it for fun;
or shall I keep on jest as thera bank cashiers and other fellers do

220 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
sometimes, and make the most of such opportunities that come
without huntin' for um ? "
He concluded that if it was only done for a joke, he had carried
it a little too far, but if it was done in dead earnest, he hadn't
quite finished the job. While thus meditating between the two
opposite courses and upon the future possibilities, he fiaally decided
that he would finish the job, and adopt the profession of a road
agent, conscious of the ability to make it a complete success, and
even rival Black Bart himself in the profession of a stage inspector-
He also thought how he could jest make Jime Hume hump hiraself
a-tryiag to follow his trail.
The boy was, perhaps, justified in this conclusion by what he
had accorapHshed with the aid of a single picket, and therefore
judged of what he might be able to do if backed by an entire
fence. With such thoughts running through his miad, aad which,
no doubt, he had acquired frora the perusal of certain papers pub
lished exclusively for the beaefit of such boys, giviag very graphic
accounts of the exploits of "Three-Fingered Jack," " The Bandit's
Bride," as well as others of a sirailar character, and with such
bright visions of future notoriety looraing up before hira, he wrest
led with the treasure box for a few rainutes, the latter soon looking
as though it had been chasing a cyclone, and had caught it. By
means of a big rock he had turned the box wrong side out, and the
golden coin was scattered about among the grass, glistening in the
starlight. But unfortunately for our infant hero his career was
short, and for the same reasons, perhaps, that other great enter
prises often end in failure; he had engaged in a profession that he
had not the capacity, experience, or the necessary qualities to fill,
and it therefore ended by his being locked up.
It was about the year '66 that an Irishman drove ahead of hira
into the town of Placerville a road agent, whora he had captured
out on the toll-road a few miles above.
When asked by Mr. Griffith, the sheriff, how he had managed
to capture such a man, who, by the way, was much the larger as
well as the younger of the two, Pat replied :
"Indade, thia, I was jist a thraveliag along the road alone by
meself, do yez moind ; attinding to me own business and havin' no
thought of harum at all, whin, all to onct, this dirthy spallpeen
came out from behoind a bush, and, pinting*his gun at me hid, says

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

221

to me, ' An' will yez plase be afther handing me ther kine that yez
are carryin' about with yez, and be hasty about it, too, or darmed
if Oi don't blow the hid off av yez.'
"SaysOi.: 'Yez will, thin ? ' Says he : 'Indeed thin Oi will.'
' But hold aisy, now,' says Oi, 'divil a bit will yez do that same,'
and I comraiaced tb fale about ia rae pockets to say if Oi cud
sthrike some kine, but divil a bit cud Oi sthrike ther color of it at
all at all. An' so says Oi : ' Bad luck to it, thin, but Oi have left
me purse with me agent in town.' ' Aa' who's yer agent in town,'
says he. ' Indade, thia, would yez loike to make his acquaintance ? '

.tn^an^

'GO AN SAY ME AGENT.

says Oi. ' Oi would,' says he. 'An' yez shall, thin,' says Oi. An'
jist at this pint, do yez moiad, Oi extiaded out me lift haad an'
saized his gun, aa' thin yez cud say aothia' at all fer the dust that
was afther continually risin' from the ground, begorrah. An' be
jabers it seemed to me that two of thira cyclones had met at ther
spot, and was afther havin' a wrestlia' match, do yez see? Prisintly
there was a dull souad, do yez moiad, aad thin all was quiet. The
dust clared away, and jist there in front of me, be jabers, was
sthanding ther chap who wanted rae kine. But phawt was Oi a

222 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
doin' raesilf dooring the toime, do yez ask ? Indade, thin, it was
doorin' ther great coraraotion of the illimints, do yez moid, thet Oi
succaded in.turnin' his right flank, be jabers, an' gittin' aroun' to
ther rear of rae iniray and climbin' up over his shoulder to ther top
av hira, do yez see. Oi was jist afther holding him at bay, and wid
dee phunny end of me gun jist a swaipingthe flois from his oibrows,
do yez see. Thin says Oi ; ' 'Tis me agent yez would loike to see ? '
'No, not to-day,' says he, 'for Oi'm busy.' 'Indade, thin, but
Oi'm sure thet yez do,' says Oi, 'an' we'll be afther thravelirig to
gither to say Mr. Griffith, rae agent in to-^m, sor. He is a foiae
giatleraaa, aad the latch-sthriag av his hotel is continually haagin'
haady to raich for ther loikes of yez. He'll be afther tiaderia' to
yez the hospitality av his foiae manshun, an' indade, thin, it will
not cost yez a eeat. Now forward, march, aad Oi'll follow yez, aa'
'twill be pa hoaor to yez, too, to be saae thraveliag the road wid
an honest gintlemaa loike meself a followin' afther yez, as<a varlet
o' chamber, begorra.'"

CHAPTER XV

Where are the Pioneers ? — The Overland Stage — Pony Ex
press — The Sound of War — A Wet Winter — The Hotel
ON the Road — The Railroad.
UPWARDS of ten years had now elapsed since our arrival in
California. The excitement in relation to gold mining has
somewhat subsided, and all huraan affairs seem to have becorae es
tablished upon a more permaneat basis, .¦^ll residents, with but
few exceptions, are now well pleased with their adopted home, and
intead to remaia aad grow up with the country.
But how about the pioneers at this time ? They were very aum
erous throughout this portioa of the mining region. In December,
'59, they numbered ia this county at least 25,000, a sraall portioa of
them only, however, eagaged in miaing. And now, at the expiration
only ten years, I find upon investigation that there are not to ex
ceed 600 ia the couaty reaiaiaiag. A few are yet engaged in min
iag; many have left for their Eastera homes, aad some have crossed
to the other side, while maay have feaced in tracts of laad and are
engaged in fruit raisiag. But the great majority have scattered
throughout the length and breadth of the Pacific Slope, some to
engage in agriculture or in stock raising in the valleys below, and
others eatenag iato busiaess of various kiads ia the Cities of San
Francisco and Sacrameato.
With the discovery of the silver miaes in Nevada there ensues
another very importaat event: The overland stage, a boon to old-
timers, for they can now communicate with their frieads ia the East
much quicker and oftener than by water, is established, and which
again in its tura, as a raeans of rapid comraunication with the East,
is superseded by the pony express. The first arrival of the pony
express occurred, I think, in the fall of '59. The wild raustang
was ridden by Harry Rolf, now a resident of Oakland, and he
came flying through the city of Placerville, on his way to Sacra-
223

224 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
mento City, amid the waving of flags, the firing of guns, and the
hurrah of the multitude which lined the sides of the road. to wit
ness the important event. But although we were occupying a new
and as yet an unsettled portion of the earth which we had only re
cently occupied, yet the progressive spirit of the age, for which our
nation is noted, was not wanting, for in a very short tirae these primi
tive raeans of transit and of coramunication with the East Were
again in their turn thrust aside and superseded by the iron horse
aad the telegraph. Sooa carae, also, the souad of war and strife
between the North aad the South, aad aow the very important ques
tion which had agitated the country for nearly a century was to be
decided for all time, viz., should the whole country be for freedoiti
or for slavery ? There were raany throughout the State who be
lieved the latter to be possible, but the seatiraeat was alraost uai-
versal that we ia Califoraia would preveat, by all possible meaas,
aay atterapt upon the part of either side to involve the residents of
the State in the coaflict, aad all such attempts, therefore, were very
effectually suppressed aad peace aad quietness reigned throughout
the State. There was, however, a stage robbery which occurred
upon the Virginia City road, a few railes above Placerville. A
large araount of silver bullioa was stolea, and in effecting the cap
ture of the robbers one of the officers was killed, his name being
T. G. Caples. In their defense the robbers claimed that they were
coramissioned officers, actiag under orders frora their coraraanders
of the Confederate Governraent ; they were, coasequently, not out
laws or robbers, and deraanded the rights and usages due to pris
oners of war. But uafortuaately for them our judges did not take
that view of the case, aad they were fouad guilty of highway rob
bery. Oae of them (Poole) was fouad guilty also of murder and
executed in Placerville in the fall of '63, if I am not mistaken.
The wiater of '61 -'62 was a very wet oae, aad water therefore was
abundant throughout the mining regions, enabling the miners to
work and ground-sluice many good paying claims located above the
ditches which furnished the water for mining purposes below.
Sacraraento felt the effects of this unusually rainy winter, for twice
during the season was the city flooded, causing great damage and
loss. A little incident resulting upon this flood in Sacramento is per
haps worth relating, as it illustrates not only the uncertainty of

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

225

¦•*

^-1-

226 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
things generally, but also that each and every locality is subject in
its own way to certain events peculiar to the surrounding con
ditions. A certain emigrant from the Fatherland, who lost all his earthly
possessions during the flood in Sacramento City, came to the con
clusion that he would in future make his dwelling place in some
more elevated locality, above the reach of the raging floo.ds and at
high water mark. He therefore, in the fall of '63, in accordance
with this desire, bought an old station or wayside hotel, located in
the toll road a few miles above Placerville. Duriag the succeeding
wiater, our Gerraan friend, with his family aad a few others, were
sittiag around the big stove oae afternoon. It was storming heav
ily outside, and the landlord was congratulatiag himself upoa the
fact that he was far above ail daager from the floods and earth
quakes below, aad that he had fouad at last a safe home for his
family. Just at this moraent his wife juraped frora her chair, and
exclairaed: " Mine Gott! vat vas dat noise I hear? "
They all jumped to their feet, and none too soon, for at this in
stant, the rear end of the room in which they were sitting fell in
with a crash, and a huge boulder went crashing through the house,
taking in its flight the stove, aad, smashiag through the front of the
building into the road, rolled away into the creek, some seventy-
five yards below.
To say that our German friend and the rest of them were as
tonished, or astounded would hardly express it, for they were simply
paralyzed. After recovering his senses, he exclaimed, in the most
solemn accents:
"Ach raiae Gott! raiae Gott! How vas dot dea? Oh! mine
grashus, vere ve go aext! I vas most drowaed out mit dose vaters
in Sagramento, vas shaked all to bieces by dem earthquakes at San
Francisco, und den I vas gone up here, vare dem earthquakes or
dem waters do not come at all, vid mine family, und, but up here,
mine grashus, dem mountains shust corae right through mine house
und smash dem all to bieces. Mine Gott, vare ve goes now to py
oursellufs ? "
His wife suggested that they had better go to San Francisco.
" Oh, mine grashus, no no. Dem earthquakes down dere vill
shust shakes mine head off righd avay, und gife mine farailies the

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 227
shakes all ofer. No I tink ve vill go pack to Shairraany, for we can
find no blace to hfe here in dot strange country. By von blace you
vas shake all to bieces by dem earthquake; den you go to anudder
blace, und der vater corae und vash you all avay; den you vas fiad
anudder blace, vare you don't see dera shakes or dem vaters, und
deii, py shiminy, dem hills is all loose, und dey shust durable down
right ofer on to raine house. I goes to Shairraany, raine freat,
pooty quick; now don't it? "
An event was now about to take place which was to change to a
great extent the future condition of our aew horae upoa the Pacific
Coast. For although all were apparently content and well satisfied
with our relative position, yet there was a certain feeliag of discon
nection, an impassable barrier between us and our old homesteads
with the pleasing associations coaaected with thera ; there were be
tweea us high aad lofty raages of rugged mountains and barren
plains that to many were absolutely irapassable, while yet by water
the voyage to visit friends and our Eastera friends was a long and
tedious one; under such circurastances it was evident that sorae—
thiag yet was waatiag which #ould eaable us to enjoy to the fullest
extent the favorable conditions afforded by a resideace here in
California, aad this somethiag which all felt the aeccdsity of was a
rapid means of commuaicatioa with our former Eastern horaes. The
great event, therefore, to which I alluded was the corameaceraeat,
by a few eaergetic old-timers, of a railroad across the mouataias.
Ia early days the possibility of a railroad across the coatiaeat was
oftea talked of amoag the miaers, and those who had traveled aad
prospected amoag the deep cafloas aad rugge.d cliffs of the
mountains were" very strongly irapressed with the conviction
that the building of a railroad across and over thera would
be a physical impossibility ; consequently, whea all prepara-
tioas were made for the purpose, it was the geaeral opiaioa among
them that it was the wild fancy of a few lunatics who were ignorant of
railroads in general, or what natural barriers and obstacles were to be
encountered in the building of this railroad in particular. Notwith
standing the protest aad prophetic waraiags of the old mouataineers,
the work was forraally commeaced in Sacraraento City in '63, and the
last (golden) spike driven in '68, which formed the connecting link
between the two roads, making a continuous line between the At
lantic and the Pacific Coasts. The effect of this connection was at

228 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
once apparent, for we now felt as though we formed a part of the
nation and uader its protection ; but whether the iron rails had any
effect upon the electric conditions of the country (as was maintained
by certain ones), causing atmospheric changes here, is immaterial ;
at any rate, social conditions, which heretofore had been unbal
anced, were now properly adjusted, for, instead of dwelling away off
in sorae remote corner of the universe, in a foreign land, as we
imagiaed, separated entirely from intercourse with higher conditions
of existence by mountain ranges aad barren deserts, the iron rails
had now brokea down the barriers, and from this point in our his
tory we felt more at horae. But what said the old raiaers who had
predicted all sorts of troubles, disasters, and failure of the lunatics,
the originators of the uadertakiag, after its successful completioa?
"¦Vi'ell" (as oae of thera expressed himself — aa Englishman), "give
a company of Americans the right of way and a subsidy, aad blast
rae yiesif they wouldn't rua a tuanel through the earth and build a
railroad to Chiaa, yer kaow."
Aa observation of Nature's works shows us that the wise Crea-
ator, in scattering upon the surface of our planet his treasures in
the form of gems aad rich miaeral ores, decided it best to give to
such portioas of the surface as were the most barren and deso
late, the most rugged and mountainous, as well as the least attract
ive aad unfit for cultivatioa or civilization, the greatest araount of
treasures in the form of precious stones or valuable mineral ores as
some compeasatioa for such defects, aad aa investigatioa of the
earth's surface shows us that this is almost uaiversally the case.
Butia the case of Califoraia however, for somewise purpose, he saw
fit to raake oae grand exception ; for although containing, as it does,
sorae of the richest raines ia the world, yet it contains also some of
the richest aad most valuable farming iaads, the low, red hills in
the miaing regioas, the best adapted for the cultivatioa of the viae
aad all other varieties of fruit. It coataias, also, the largest trees,
as well as the highest waterfill in the world, the grandest scenery
and the finest climate, as well as many other advantages possessed
by ao other couatry. The effects of this railroad connection with
the East was to eaable thousaads to make their homes here in this
favored country, or to travel through it for observation, with a de
sign at sorae future time of again returning to dwell amidst the
orange groves, and to breathe the pure air of this favored country,

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 229
and, furthermore, to enable many of the old pioneers, who had aban
doned all hopes of ever being able to visit the familiar scenes of
their early days, to once raore journey towards the rising sun; to
visit their early homes in the East without fear of ladiaas, or star
vation upou the desert plains, or of shipwreck upon the water.

CHAPTER XVI

The Forty-niner — Syd at the North Pole — The Homes of the
Old-timers — The Remains of the Cabins of the I'orty-
niners — Panning Out the Old CAsyNS.
IN all raining excitements which have occured upon the coast
when new discoveries have been made, the forty-niner was as a
general rule the first to be afflicted with the fever, and they would
invariably be found ia advaace, leading their friends to victory or
to ruin. Great numbers caught the fever and stampeded during the
Frazier River excitement, as well as of the Salmon River, Gold
Bluff, Caribo, Alder Gulch and other occasions, but returned again
from their useless search for new fields, not in despair, however,
but only to make good preparations for the next occasion that should
offer in some other section of the country. Many are at present
trying their fortunes in Montana and among the rugged cliffs of
the Coeur d'Alene silver regions, in the hope of yet being able to
strike at least a paying mine of some kind, if it is nothing more than
pewter, sheet-iron, soap, paint or putty, at any rate a paying mine,
which will eaable thera to do oace more, before they depart for that
happy laad where prospecting is an unnecessary business, a full suit of
store clothes aad a biled shirt, iacludiag the usual accompaniments
known to civilized society. It is this incentive that gives energy
to the old forty-niner, that gives strength and elasticity to his Umbs,
and which enables hira to wander forth through deep and rocky
caflons; to clirab the steep and rugged cliffs of the mountain ranges,
in many cases where younger prospectors are unable to follow, to
discover if possible, some location where he can get several colors
to pan, and find the bed rock pitching. But the old-timer, how
ever, desires something raore than this; for it is not altogether the
discovery of a fair prospect, and with the bed rock pitching, that he
wants. Not at all. But as Old Syd the Badger, as he was titled,
230

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

231

remarked after his return from one of his excursions away north,
at the tirae of the Frazier River exciteraent:

syd's last prospect.
" Oh, yaas! Thar is gold along up thar, but dogearn it, a feller
can't go nowhar to prospect now, but that he will find that some
sneaking tender-foot has been thar a little ahead of hira; darned if

232 IHE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
I doa't hunt for some spot to prospect whar no miner's pick was
ever struck yet."
When it was suggested to him that there was but one spot where
no miner has ever prospected yet, and that that was at the North
Pole, he remarked that he'd be dogearned if he didn't go thar, thea,
aad it was afterwards supposed that he did, for, sorae years after
wards, some miners upon the Yukow saw the app"arition of an old
veteran miner packing upon his back an immense roll of blaakets,
cooking utensils and raining tools, going in the direction of the
Pole, and at a distance, the apparition, when seea through the fog,
resembled ia . appearaace to a native the huge form of a mastodon
wandering in the forests. We have therefore every reason to be
lieve that the fi.rst expedition which succeeds in reaching the Pole
wiU fiad the remains of Old Syd, the Forty-niner, seated comfortably
upon the top of the Pole upon which he has put his miniag notice,
and with his glass carefully examining a piece of it which he has
broken off, to see if it contains mineral. The idea seems almost uni
versal among the resideats of the State, aad in fact the coast, that the
remnants of the Advance Guard of gold seekers, the Forty-niners,
are at present the poorest class of raea of aay upoa the coast; but
this is a raistaken idea, for aa iavestigatioa as to the facts of the
case show conclusively that raany of our wealthiest men were
Forty-niners, although the great majority of thera are aow poor.
That they were eaergetic aad restless, as well as adveaturous is
evideat, for it was the possessioa of these traits which raade them
Forty-ainers; for without them, they would certainly have waited
for others to take the lead. It is for these reasons that we aow find
them roaraiag arouad upoa various portions of the coast for new
raines, not that they care so much for the wealth buried there, but
this restless spirit of adventure to find wealth is from force of
habit, that others who follow them may enjoy the full benefit of it.
And for these adventures they were always ready, aad at the first
alarra whea there was wafted through the mining regions a bare
suspicion that ne'A' diggings had been found soraewhere,the blaakets
were bouad up at once with all the necessary paraphernalia, ready
at a moraeat's notice; aad ia some cases, they (the blankets) had
been so accustomed to be bound up, that (like the chickens of the
man who was constantly moving with his faraily frora place to place,
whenever they saw the old familiar wagon at the door, would in-

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

233

variably lie down and cross their legs to be tied), upon the first ap
pearance of any unusual aoise or confusion, they would immediately
roll up, the rope would wiggle and twist itself into a knot around

them, and the old coffee-pot, the fry-pan, as well as the pick, pan
and shovel from beneath the bunk, would all begin to crawl
towards their accustomed place upon the top of the blankets, ready
to be tied.
It is remarked throughout the raining regions that these ancient

234. THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
relics of a former period are a tough and a hardy race, healthy and
vigorous, aad are capable of staading as much fatigue and severe
labor as the great majority of younger men ; the reasons for this,
of course, are that those -who remain of that great multitude who
first arrived here, took better care of themselves, as a rule; for if
they had aot, they would not now be here. This fact, therefore, is
a fair illustration of the truth of the Darwinian theory of the survi
val of the fittest.
To aa old-timer of this day, it is pleasaat to waader araid the
old scenes where we mined so many long years ago with the pan
and cradle. The ravines and gulches have somewhat chaaged, it is
true ; for we fiad where once the ground was clear and free
from trees is aow a dease forest of thrifty piaes. Yet the old
localities have a famiUar look, aad sittiag upoa a large boulder,
which we well remember workiag around aad of paaaiag from
beneath it quite a respectable amouat of gold, we caa almost ia im-
agiaatioa go back in time to work over again the events and scenes
as they occurred in the past. In traveUng amoag the ravines and
caflons at this late day ia some portioas of the miniag regions, the
rambler will occasioaally come across a log cabin hidden ia some
recess, or upoa the side of the hills among the forest trees, and
occupied by aa old-timer. They once lived in camp or nearer to
the town, but such changes in course of time occurred — the old-
timers haviag scattered, whilst their places were occupied by stran
gers — that ia a few years those old-timers who remaiaed, and who
still continued to linger around their old familiar haunts, were now
in coasequeace of these changes dwelUng among strangers. This
was disagreeable, and could not be thought of. They therefore
made their horaes in these out-of-way places, and seldora visit the
towns or villages, but hermit-like pass their tirae in company with
their favorite cat or dog.
But a short time siace, an old-timer having occasion to visit the
miaing region, traveled through a section of the country where he
raiaed in early days, but which is now a lonely aad desolate region.f|
He was therefore greatly astoaished to find two log cabins which
were occupied in this deserted region; but he was much more sur
prised to find that the occupants of both of them were old-timers
with whom he had been acquainted many long years before, and
both were supposed to be dead. They seera to enjoy life. They

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 235
cultivate sraall gardens, and by the use of a cradle, are enabled to
find gold enough to furnish them with aU the necessaries of life,
which, as one of them stated, consisted of one part flour, two parts
- potatoes, two of bacon, and the balance in whiskey, as far as their
claira would stand it; which meant of course about ninety-five parts
of whiskey, with occasionally a dish of beans for variety.
It was with the greatest pleasure that I waadered a few years
ago amoag the old raviaes, across the flats, aad through the cafions
whei-e we used to raine, and to visit the old cabias or the places
where they used to staad, for the greater portioa of ttiera have gone
to decay; but there upon that poiat under the big oak tree you can
yet see a few decayed logs, all that now remains of a large cabin
once occupied by a corapany of boys from Philadelphia, who came
around Cape Horn in the good ship " Susan G. Owens;" while over
there upon that bench above are the remaias of a cabia that was
occupied in the fall of '49 by a French Count. He aever spoke to
aayoae; aeither did I ever see hira sraile; but he worked hard ia
the raviae below and was always dressed in real Paris style with
plug hat, black dress coat buttoned up to his chin, and wearing up
on his feet a pair of cloth gaiters.
Around upon that flat yonder, by the spriag, you can still see
the outliaes of a miaer's cabin. The lower part of the chiraney is
yet standing, and that great flat stone was the door step. That
cabin was occupied in '49 by a corapaay of youag men from Provi
dence, R. I., who came around the Horn in the bark " Floyd."
There at the foot of the hill, you can now see the remaias of an
old cabin built by some boys frora New York City; while a little
further down you can see the remains of an old chiraney which was
built of flat stones. This was occupied by the Russell, Chase aad
Gibbs boys, a delegation frora Nantucket. Crossing the creek, and
goiag up that ravine, you will see the reraains of numerous cabins;
the first one perched upon that bluff above was occupied by a few
boys frora Maine; another one further up, was the home of a com
pany from Massachusetts. The latter came through the Straits of
Magellan in a small schooner named the " Emily Bourne," and the
Captain was taken prisoner by the Indians at Patagonia, but finally
escaped. The sites formerly occupied by the cabins of the old Forty-
niners are undergoing great changes, for the grounds where many of
them once stood are now being covered with fruit trees and vineyards.

236 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Up on that rocky point now covered with grape vines was the
site of a cabin occupied by Tompkins and three others, who were
passengers in the ship "Areatas" from Boston. Just below them was
located a cabin occupied by Rowland, Hayden aad Moore, passen
gers in the schooner "John Alyne," from Massachusetts. A walk up
Oregon Ravine would bring to view upon the flat to the right, and
upon the side hill beyond, the remains of numerous castles, built
and occupied by the Forty-niners. One in particular, at the time
of my visit araong thera, was yet standing; and for nearly twenty
years this ancient edifice, erected at a great sacrifice of mental en
ergy, and occupied -by the writer and three others, passengers of
the ship "America,',' was desecrated to fowl purposes, being used for
a hen roost.
Down there, below the spring near the creek, you can yet see the
remaias of aa old chiraaey aad a level spot, where ia '49 stood a
cabia in which were doraiciled three or four passeagers who came
from Panama in the good ship -' Niantic," the old hull of which is
now lying beneath a large building at the corner of Clay and San-
sorae streets, San Fraacisco. A little further down oa that gravel
beach stood the cabin of a few of the boys who came out in the
bark "Diamond," the old hull of which was raoored to the levee in
Sacramento City for raore than twenty years subsequently aad used
for a storehouse.
If you would follow that trail for a short distaace up the ravine,
you would see the reraaias of the chiraneys, aad a few old, decayed
logs, all that aow reraain of two cabias, one sheltering a few young
raen frora the State of Keatucky, the occupaats of the other hailing
frora Indiaaa, aad all of them fought under Taylor in the Mexican
War. They came across the plaias, arriving in Hangtown in Sep
tember, '49.
You see yonder, on that rocky poiat among the trees, the few
decayed logs of an old cabia. You observe also that a portion of
the old chimney is yet standing, for 'twas built of rocks, through
which the nirable flap-jack often flew, to be caught again at the
door. This cabin was occupied by a nuraber of Boston boys
who came around the Horn in '49 in the staunch ship "Cap
ital." A walk up through that caflon beyond will show you also the ruins
of many pleasant homes, but in raany cases only the sites which they

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

237

occupied are visible. These were all occupied by gold seekers
from the New England States, who had come around the Horn.
Upon that level spot to the right two men from Connecticut

made their homes throughout the fall and winter of '49-'5o, with
nothing to shelter them from the rain but an old wagon cover. They
were industrious, out at work early in the morning, and geaerally
he last to quit work at night. During the time which they worked

238 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
in the mines, which was a little less thaa a year, they never struck
what was terraed a rich pay streak, but only what was terraed an
average payiag claira or wages. Yet Scoville and Davenport, which
were their names, took home with thera in the fall of '50 something
like $11,000 apiece, as the express agent afterwards stated, thus
proving that industry, even in miaing, is the main thiag in luck.
You observe away up that ravine a level spot now covered with
trees. If you take the trouble to walk up that way, you would see
a few old logs and the remains of an old chimney, being all that is
left now of the once pleasant home of two young men from the city
of Baltimore. They arrived here early in '49, aad fouad that ravine
very rich. Starting for their native city in November of the same
year, they took with them, as stated at the tirae, about $20,000
apiece, but in the course of a fewweeks they returned to the mines,
wiser perhaps, but poorer men, having spent their money, as one of
them explained, in the study of natural history at one of the gor
geous and inviting gambling menageries in San Francisco. As I
have before mentioned, they resided in that cabin for maay years
but finally left for other raines.
Just over yonder, on that level spot at the foot of the hill, now
the Chinaman's garden, was the cabin of Dr Wakefield with his
wide-awake wife, haiUng from the State of Connecticut, and she had
the whole field to herself in one respect, at least. She furnished
the miners with the regular, old-fashioned mince pies that they had
been accustoraed to eating in their Eastern homes, and at a price too
which no one could cavil at, it being for pies plain $2 each, sugared
upper crust 50 cents extra. Whether it was owing to the healthy
nature of the pie material, or frora the fact that the lady herself
never ate any of her own pies, perhaps will never be known. At any
rate, she is at the present tirae in good health, and a resident of the
city of Oakland.
In the lower part of Hangtown, and nearly opposite to where the
foundry now stands, was the cabin of John Cook, and his wife was
the first washerwoman, in Hangtown.
Just below them, on the bank of the creek, was the cabin of the
two Russell brothers, from the city of New York, who returned
home in December of '49, taking with them about $12,000 each,
which they took frora Oregon Ravine.
On the opposite side of the creek, upon the side of the hill, could

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

239

240 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
be seen for maay years the remains of aa old cabin that was built
and occupied in September, '49, by a company of pilgriras who came
around Cape Horn in the good ship " Mayflower " from New Bed
ford, Mass.
Up there by the bank, on the opposite side of the creek, was the
old log cabin in which lived Uncle Ned Keegen, and he continued
to occupy it for many years, at the present time living with his fam
ily on the same spot.
Nearly opposite, oa the flat, was a more pretentious residence:
a costly edifice, and an illustration of the expensive habits of the
Forty-niners, being constructed of shakes and pine poles. In this
were domiciled A. F. Bee, his brother F. A. Bee, C. C. Batterman
and others, who came around Cape Horn in the ship " Elizabeth
Ellen," from New York.
During a walk down Weaver Creek, we saw the remains of the
old building used by Darlington as a store in '49, and upon the
flats and points, as we passed along down the creek, we noticed the
remains of numerous chimneys, which are the indications of the
former existence of cabins that were occupied by the Forty-niners;
and a short distance below the village of Weaverville a few years
previously could be seen the old decayed logs and chiraney of the
cabin in which resided Mr. Frank Pixley, now editor of the Argo
naut, San Francisco, who engaged in mining on the creek. A short
distance below, the reraains of an old chiraney were seen that be
longed to a cabin which was occupied by three or four Nan
tucket boys, who came around Cape Horn in the good ship
"Fanny." In following down the c^pek, the old decayed logs and ruins
of aacient chimneys could be seen upon various points and flats
that were used as horaes by the P'orty-niners; while near Cold
Springs, there upon the side hill, is plainly visible the remains of a
cabin erected in '49 by W. Salmon & Co.
Over there upon that point, those old logs and fallen chimney is
all that is left of a store owned by Sturgess & Hill, which was the
first store, I believe, that was started at this carap.
I might continue in describing the present appearances of the
pleasant homes of the Forty-niners, located among the ravines of
the mining region; but the reader in imagination can see scattered
around about, upon every available spot, the ruins of what was

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 241
once the pleasant abode of this now almost extinguished and for
gotten race.
But what an interesting book that would be to the Forty-niaer,
if we could read the history of each and every one of these old Forty-
niners, the forraer occupants of all these now decayed log cabins;
to read of the success of a portion of thera, as weU as of the de
feated expectations of the greater nuraber, and of the present con
dition, where living, and of their final success or failure in life. And
although no doubt such a history would show us that but a sraall
proportion of those old-tiraers who are now living have achieved
success, or who are at least at present in the enjoyraent of it, yet it
cannot be doubted but that the desire or wish would be unaniraous
to live over again the scenes and incidents of the past, and to ex
perience once more the exciting pleasures and expectations found
only among the mountains of the mining regioli. Oh, yes, one
would answer; if we could only know what we have since learned
in relation to gold mining; but such knowledge would break the spell
and utterly destroy all interest, siace the charm not oaly in seekiag
for gold, but in all other human affairs, consists more in the
anticipation than in the realization.
There is one fact in relation to all of_ these old cabins, which
were built and occupied by the Forty-niners, which may be of some
interest to mention. In early mining days the conveniences for
storing and taking care of gold- dust were very poor. It being
plentiful, the miners were very careless iri handling when engaged
in drying and cleaning it, which was usually done upon an old
shovel or an old pan. The consequence was that much of the fine
dust was scattered among the ashes 01; around upon the floor. The
small buckskin sacks, also, in which each one usually carried about
with him for present use a quantity of fine dust, were of poor quaUty,
and through the seams of them fine dust would work its way out.
The discovery was made by some inquisitive prospector, in the
spririg of '53, that the most of these ancient castles would pay to
pan out, as well as the ash heaps in front of the door, and one en
terprising prospector, previous to the fact being generally known;
bought up a number of them, frora which he realized quite a sum.
From one in particular, that I remember, which was a large cabin
and had been occupied by a nuraber of miaers who had rich claims,
he realized the sum of $600 frora the dirt scraped up frora under

242 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
the floor and the fire place. These old cabins were hunted for
among the various caflons and ravines (for it must be remembered,
as I have previously explained, that this portion of the mining region
around Hangtown, as well as Coloma where the first mining was
done, was worked out, and was almost entirely deserted by the spring
of '54), and they all paid well; the amount cleaned from the floor
and ash heap, as a general rule, giving sorae indication of the suc
cess of their former occupants.
Many of the old-timers, when starting out for the new discover
ies in the spring of '50, not wishing to be encumbered with their
gold, and for fear also of losing it, would in such cases bury it some
where around the old cabin beneath the floor or stones in the fire
place, or in some other locality, until they returned. Some of these
hidden tin cans were afterwards found, and there is no doubt but
that many of thera are yet reraaining securely hidden araong the
rocks, or beneath the roots of some large tree; for a portion of the
miners never returned to the old mining camp, having died perhaps
in some other part of the raining region. In other instances as of
those who did return, two or three years afterwards, perhaps, they
had forgotten where they had buried their gold, and searched for
it in vain.
I remember the case of oneold miaer in particular, who, previous
to starting out upon his prospecting expedition, took the greatest
pains to bury his can, containing several thousand dollars worth of
dust. Aad he did it ia a very scientific manner: measuring so many
yards due north from a certain stump; then so many yards due west;
then so many to the right, and so raany again to the left, etc., bury
ing his can at the last point of measurement. Of course he made a
chart of all this in true surveyor's style; but unfortunately for him
he lost the chart, and the old stump was gone also. So, after dig
ging and prospecting around for more than a year to find where
that last point of measurement was, he was finally compelled to give
it up, and the can yet remains hidden only a few feet below where
that last little peg was stuck into the ground.

CHAPTER XVII.

Meeting of the Old-timers — The Buckeye Tunnel — The
Best as it is — Boozer Who got Skunked — The Hydraulic
Miner — Mike's Explanation.
TO an old-timer who is socially inclined, and I believe this is a
trait of character peculiar to the most of them, there is noth
ing, at least of a social nature, that can be more agreeable or pleas
ing to him than to' meet with the old-timers with whom he was
acquaiated, or with an old pard with whora he lived aad worked
aeaily forty years ago.
Itwas upon a certain occasion, but a short time ago, when, hav
ing to pass through an old mining locality, that I met by chance at
a miner's cabin in the now dreary and alraost deserted mining camp
a company of old miners, and among them found five old-timers
whom I had known nearly forty years before in the raining regions,
where they were engaged in mining.
For instance, here was old Mike, a rare specimen from the " old
sod," who was one of our company when at work at Kanaka bar
- upon the South fork of the American River, in the winter of '50-
'51. He was a man overflowing with huraor, of rare intelligence
and generous to a fault.
Here was Tennessee also, who was a fine specimen of manhood
frora the State which gave him his sobriquet, a man who was
true to his friends and with few enemies, and they were careful
to keep out of his way, although he was always , ready to forgive
an injury.
Another one was Jeff, who was a happy-go-lucky specimen of
an old-timer, who delighted to tramp around among the deep
caflons and high rocky cliffs for a prospect ; not, however, that
he expected to derive any benefit from the rich discoveries that
he might make, but, as he expressed it, it did just make him
-feel awful goqd to see his friends and relatives eajoy it.
243

244 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Here was Jim also, a character similar in many respects to
Jeff, and who like the latter had washed from the soil a respect
able fortune but had scattered it araong his friends and relatives
in the East, this manner of using it affording him the greatest en
joyment. Aad last, though not least by any means, was Jersey. The
latter in early mining days had been very fortunate in all his min
ing enterprises ; had made and lost several fortunes in assisting
others, and even now in his old age was confident that it was to be his
good fortuae to oace more strike it rich in sorae far away and re
raote mining region, for to his mental vision distance seemed to
lend enchantraent to the view.
There were present old Pike and Boozer, who were yet in har
ness, tramping about among the various mountain ranges of the
coast, wherever the indications were in their opinion most favorable
for another raise that was to exceed all previous ones.
Here also was Julius, a venerable colored individual from Bos
ton, an old-timer, too, and who had, like Mike, and for similar
reasons, abandoned rainiag, aad was engaged in ranching.
The day after our meeting was a rainy one, and was spent in
relating our experiences for the past forty years in the various min
ing sections of the coast ; narrating bur prospecting adventures
amoag the various mouatain ranges that we had clirabed over,
and the deep, dark cafions through which we bad tramped in hopes
of oace more makiag a raise.
It was iaterestiag to hear each one iri his turn relate how
near upon certain occasions he came to striking it awfully rich, or
what he might have done if so and so had not occurred, or what he
didn't do and ought to have done, while another would explain
how near he came to making a big thing if he had only stuck to his
claim a little longer, or had only run his tunnel in a little farther.
Yet another would relate how he spent every dollar upon his
claim by sticking to it a little too long, and found at last to his sor
row that it was of no value whatever.
And this led to an argument upon the question as to how long
a miner ought to stick to his mine.
Many instances were related to show how a great number missed
it by abandoning a claim too soon, before bed rock had been struck
in the shaft, or gravel in the tunnel ; while other cases would be

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

24S

246 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
mentioned of how miners had spent their last cent in prospecting a
claim that they ought to have quit long before, as all their friends
advised them to do.
But upon the whole it was the general opinion that owing to the
nature of the business it was very uncertain and difficult to tell ex
actly when a miner should abandon his mine, for it was found that
after all it was about an average, since just as many hit it by quit
ting a mine as others missed' it by hanging on too long, and the
number who hit it by sticking to it about equalled those who missed
it by quitting too soon.
It was, therefore, decided that there was no rule to be governed
by in arriving at a conclusion, but that a miner must use his best
judgraent and trust to luck.
One miner related how it was that he missed making a fortune
by rtinning his tunnel a little too "fur" to the right, and another
who run his tunnel a "leetle too fur "to the left. A third, who
worked a whole year in running his tunnel into a hill where the rock
was hard, and no gravel making its appearance, quit in despair, but
soon after others went in to work and running the tunnel but a few
feet farther struck rich gravel.
One old-timer related that in '53 he and five others worked about
fourteen months in running a tunnel into a rich cement-capped. hill,
expecting when they started to strike gravel at least in six or
eight months. The storekeeper in town who was furnishing them
with supplies told them that he would be compelled to (lose down,
for he had not the means to continue furnishing them. They were
in a bad fix, and a portion of the company were in favor of aban
doning the mine at once, but were finally persuaded to run one
more week, and then if not through the bed rock to quit for good
and all.
At noon upon the Saturday following they quit the mine where
they had worked faithfuUy for more than fourteen months in the
hardest kind of blue porphery, and concluded to try another hill
near at hand, where the prospects seemed more favorable.
In the afternoon five of them donned their store clothes, went
into town and reported to the storekeeper the state of affairs, but
promised to go to work imraediately in the ravine and pay up their
indebtedness as soon as possible. The old miner, continuing, said
that " one young chap they called Sandy didn't go into town with

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

247

''p-- ,,,^;-'.j':.

*-^ 4 ^A^^^ .<•¦¦'¦. f 5*^*4 /'-K

Hat'sFi^.

¦'^-  >;

i ^ • *'

.*¦ ^-:•

•'^'i-;'":>?^w

AN UNEXPECTED FEA.ST.

248 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
us, but as soon as we had started for town he takes his tools and
candle and goes on a prospecting expedition in the tunnel which
we had abandoned forever."
When we quit work at noon there was a large block of prophery
¦overhead which seemed to be loose, but we didn't think it worth
while to remove it.
Sandy said afterwards that while eating his dinner he was think
ing all the time about that loose rock, and that we ought to have
wedged it out, and that was just what he remained at home for.
With the gads and sledge it soon feU from its place, and upon ex
amination he discovered, to his astonishraent, sand and gravel on
its upper side. Upon holding up his candle- he found that we had
sure aad sartia struck pay gravel. Sandy tried a pan of it and found
it rich beyond all expectation.
Upon our return from town to the cabin at night we found the
table all set in the very highest style of art, and bottles of cham
pagne were included in the bill of fare. We thought Sandy had
gone crazy sure in thinking perhaps of his great disappointment,
but when asked for an explanation he only pointed at our gold pan
which we saw in the center of the table and resting upon the bot
tles of champagne. Upon looking into the pan we saw several
dollars' worth df gold dust in the bottora of it, and when we asked
him where it came from he pointed his finger in the direction of the
tunnel, but we wouldn't believe a word of it until we had all marched
in, in single file, to the end of the tunnel and seen with our own
eyes the rich gravel above.
Well, we invited in the boys around, and you bet we just made
the night howl. The next day was Sunday and the folks around
that carap were astoaished to see the whole of the Buckeye Tunnel
Corapany raarch into church dressed in their best for the first time
since they had been in the country. For you see we all felt kinder
inclined that way after our good fortune in striking pay gravel.
And these illustrations led to a discussion by the old miners of
the uncertainty of not only the mining industry, but of human
affairs in general, and old Mike remarked :
"Yis, yis, me b'ys, so goes ther wuorld, for 'tis now yez do and
now yez don't. And again, jist as ye do ye don't at all, at all, for
'tis jist always afther being a leetle too fur to the right, or a leetle
too fur to ther left, de yez see, with all of us. I tell ye, b'ys, this

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 249
mining business is afther being like all other kinds of business
jist ; 'tis always jist a leetle ahead of us, de yez see, and jist at
that pint when yez are afther ixpecting it ther raost, and jist as yez
are coraraincing to faigure out where yez be afther goin, and what
yez be afther doin, an d how yez'll be afther spiading all your raoney,
do yez moind, 'tis jist at this pint, me b'ys, ther bed rock kicks up
and shlaps yez in ther face, and thin ther purr divil of a miner curses
his luck, piles his blankets and tools upon his back and thramps
around to find another rich mine that'll sarve him ther same thrick.
But ye ould rainers are always jist afther foiadiag ther spot thet'U
stick right by yez, where yez will sorae day be afther makin yer
pile, and 'tis these ixpectations thet kapes yez agoin', thrampin
around among ther hills, all over ther country, hunting for that
same, but 'tis always jist a leetle ahead of yez, jist as 'tis in all
other kinds of business in this wuorld. And, be jabers, 'tis moity
few of them who are ever afther catchin up with it at aU, at all, do
yez raoind thin."
"Yes Mike", Yank remarked, "all human affairs are mighty un
certain, and few of us raeet with what we expect; but then we must
keep pegging away, and never say'die, as long as our grub holds out."
" Tis thrue for yez, yez must do that sarae, an' be jabers thin,
yez'l be afther findin' sorae toirae, if yez sticks to it faithfully, that
yez will be afther sthriking it rich, and with the bed rock pitchin'
jist whin yez are ther laist ixpicting it at all, at all, for that's the
way it works with all of us."
Then Jersey reraarked: "Well, boys, what aheap of trouble, vex
ation, and disappointraent would be saved in this Ufe, if we all knew
just where and when to begin; where to stop; when to turn a little
to the right, or when to turn a little more to the left, or just how
long to keep a goin' either way in all of our affairs ; then, when we
come to get old, and to look back upon our past life, we would escape
from all the vexation of thinking : oh, now if we had oaly doae so
and so at such a tirae, if we had only goae a little further to the
right upoa such an occasion, or a little further to the left at an
other time, or had only quit, or had gone on, or had goae to such a
place, how rauch better would it have beea."
"No, no: not at all, at all!" interrupted Mike, " for if we was aU
afther doin' that same, we wouldn't be contint at aU, no raore than
we are at presint, for then 'twould be ther great quantity we would

2SO IHE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
all be afther ixpictin' ther whoile, do yez moind! jist for ther sake
of batin aU ther rist of ther bys do yez see, and we wud all be dis
appointed ther same, an now, be jabers! 'tis ther best as it is now in
me own opinion afther all. And thin agin', me by 's, if aU ther know
ledge an' exparience which it takes a life-toime to learn is all
afther bein' understood in ther begining, ther problera of life wud
be solved; but, be jabers, b'ys, what wud sich a life be good for at
all? Fray frora all vexation and trouble, indade thin we wu'd live
like ther baists in ther failds; satisfied and contint under any con
dition, an' begorra! we wu'd soon lam to browse by ther wayside,
an' be thankful for the loikes of it."
Just at this point another old miner, a long lean speciraen of antiq
uity frora the State of Arkansas, and who had been asleep in the
corner, now aroused up and remarked: " Well boys, that is a fact as
Mike says, for 'tis now you do, and then ag'in you don't; but I
never told you boys how I got skunked once out of a good claim
did I ? No, for I don't like to teU it, for it has sich a smell that
it makes rae sick.
" But this is how I got left, by going a leettle too fur to the right
or to the left, I never knew which.*
" You see 'twas down in Calevaras, along in the spring of 51. I
took my gun one day, and went out a few miles among the hills on
a hunt; well I come across a deep ravine that looked as though it
might be tolerable rich; it never had been prospected much any
way, and I concluded to do a little panning jest for fun; there were
sorae boys livin' about two railes from this ravine that I knew, so I
went over to their cabin, and borrowed a pick, pan and shovel, and
I tell you that I struck it rich; I found the gravel about four feet
deep to the bed rock, and I got as much as ten. dollars to a pan.
After panning out about $75, I filled up the hole again, covered it
over with brush, so as to make it look jest natural like, and
started for home.
" When I took home ther borrowed tools, the boys wanted to
know if I found anything over in that ravine where I was prospect
ing? I said no, nothing much ; but they kinder suspicioned from
my looks that I had found good prospects; I hurried home, and
made up my raind to git my tools, mining notice and everything
ready, and start out early in the morning before daylight for my
rich ravine.

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

251

" Well I was on the way out thar about daylight the next morn
ing, and went around another way, so them chaps that I borrowed
ther tools frora wouldn't see me.
" When I had got almost to ther ravine, in crossing over a hill, I
jest ran a-toul of a big skunk right in ther trail, I tried to git around
him, but he walked right up towards me, so I threw down my tools,
picked up sorae rocks, and went for him; but, somehow or other,
I couldn't hit him, and he jest kept on drivin' me back down ther

hill, but I picked up a big club aad laid him out cold, after foolin'
away more'nan hour trying to kill ther odoriferous cuss; then I took
up my tools and hurried over ther hill down into my rich ravine.
" But I tell you, boys, jest as soon as I come in sight of it I was
mad clean through, now you bet, for right down thar on ray rich
claira, and hard at work, was them chaps that I hed borrowed ther
tools of; they had got ahead of me, while I was foolin' with that
skunk, and hed taken up the whole ravine.
I tried to reason with ther fellers, told them that I hed sunk a

252 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
hole thar the day before, and had therefore a right to it; they wanted
me to jest show them where I had sunk a prospect hole, so I went
to ther pile of brush, and says I ' right thar,' they said thet no hole
had ever been dug thar at all, so I jest kicked away ther brush to
show 'em, and I'll be dolgerned, if thar wasn't a slate ledge right
under it; them boys had moved that brush either to the right, or a
leetle to the left, so I couldn't tell whar ther spot was myself, and
thet's how I got skunked out of a rich claim."
"There," says Tennessee, "now I have found out ther reason
why we never could get old Boozer to play a game of euchr.e with
us, he was afraid of getting skunked again."
" Well, now," old pard, " replied Boozer, Ireckon yer hev struck it
right squar on ther head, don't want any more of the aniraile in
mine. Why, boys, I hev been studyin' gee-ology and gee-ography
for nigh forty years, jest to see if I couldn't find some country whar
they doa't raise skuaks, aad as soon as I can find one I'm jest a-
goin' to emigrate thar, you bet."
Another miner now explained how it was that he and three others
who owned a valuable miae up in Nevada County lost it. He ex
plained that it was an hydraulic-mine, aad they had used all their
meaas, as well as more thaa two years of hard work, to get started
in working it, when up come the officers and forbid them running
their tailings into the creek, and he continued by saying :
" This was an infamous outrage, after having spent our raoney
and labor, then to be compelled to quit work just because a few
little one-horse ranchers below in the valley made a fuss because
our gravel covered up their potato patches and radish beds. Now
it is plain to any reasonable, sensible man that raining being the
chief industry of the country, and the original industry, too — for
'tis just what brought us all here and nothing else— we have the first
right to raine or to get the gold from the hills in any manner we see
fit ; and the.se ranchers have no right to settle upon, or to under
take to cultivate the ground in the valley and on the flats below
w'nere curtailings will lodge. If they do, in my opinion they should
be the ones to suffer the consequence and not the miners. Why,
just see the effect of stopping all of this hydraulic mining. There
is $15,000,000 in gold taken from our raoney circulation yearly ;
now how many centuries would it take them little ranchers to raise
that amount of money upon the land that they say we have ruined

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 253
forever ? Why, they never could do it, and we have got to lose our
valuable mining property jest because the judge is agin us."
At this point Mike interrupted the hydraulic miner by asking :
" Do you understhand ther raisons why ther judge was aginst
ye?" He said no, he couldn't exactly understand it, unless he
owned a potato patch hiraself somewhere and was afraid it might
git covered up.
" No," says Mike, " that's not ther raison at all ; for don't yez
know that in a fray counthry ther loikes of this, where ther paple
thimselves are ther ralfe sovereigns, thin it is recognized be univer
sal consint, do ye raoind, that no man shall be afther following any
business, do yez see, that shall in any manner be afther continually
injuring or destroying ther property of anither."
" Oh, yes," replied the miner, " that is all right, but remember
that this is a rainiag couatry. We were here first aad bought our
mining ground from the governraent with the privilege of working
it to the best advantage. "
" Faith," retorted Mike, " 'tis thrue ainough that we miners
came here ther first, but, me b'y, that cannot prevint others from
comia' here aad engagia' in any other koind of busiaess they plaise.
Because we rainers came here first is no raison why we should con
trol ther forest or ther mountain strames. We would have no right,
because we was afther using ther wathers first to dara them up and
prevint thira from running into ther valleys below. We have aright
to moine, that none can deny, and in any manner we plaise, so that
we aren't afther harmin' anybody else ; but, begorra, thin, have we
a right to wash all ther sile from ther hills above into ther valleys
and straims below jest for ther gould that's in thira, and prevint the
paple frora making an honest liviag upoa the rich flats aad bottom
Iaads, that we wud be afther covering up with our tailings, begorra.
An' thin agin, if that same idee or priority of right was the true one,
where thin, be jabers, wud yez be afther stopping, for wouldn't Mr.
Marshall thin who was ther first diskiverer of gould, have ther right
as ther first diskiverer of bossing ther whole business, be jabers."
" Well," says the old miner, "you must admit that the loss to
the country of fifteen millions a year is a heavy one to take from
our money circulation.''
"Indade, thin, yez miners who dig it out from ther sile, are not
afther saying much of ther same. 'Tis thrue that it is not afther

254 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
drawin much interest whilst lying idle there in ther hills, but,be jabers,
'tis ther safest place to kape it thin, and yez can always find it, for
there it is ; but when 'tis afther gittin into thira bank vaults in ther
big city below, divil a bit are yez afther sayin' ther color ov it agin,
at all, at all. And thin, agin, me b'y, did yez ever know of a miner,
or raaay of thira at. laist, who was willin' to pay ther rancher for
ther land, fences, or for ther crops they desthroyed ? .A.nd indade
thin, are yez yourself willin' to go and pay for ther damages yez wud
be afther doin', and don't yez think that wud be right ? "
," Oh, yes, in some cases, if the ranchers -^would be satisfied with
a fair price for daraages."
" Ah, yis ! if they wud only let yez, the miners, assess ther dam
ages thin, but, begorra, 'twud be little ainough they wud be afther
recaivin, in moi opinion."
" Well, I admit," says the miner, "that 'tis very unfortunate.
But we are not responsible for their loss, for the ranchers should
not have made their homes in such localities." '
Jersey now asked Mike if he didn't thiak that dams could be
constructed that would prevent the sand and gravel frora doing any
injury. Mike aaswered " that sich dams wud aaswer only for a
toime, for owin' to carelessness, accident or bad wuork, ther
toirae wud corae whin ther sand and gravel in thim dams wud all
raich ther lower livils be ther natural law of gravity, begorra, and
for this raison, in me own opinion, it wud be a waste of toime and
money to attempt it ; but the only way it can be done, if at all, wud
be to build brush and log daras high up among ther hills ter kape
back ther big rocks and ther coarser stuff, and thin by ther mains
of flumes to run ther sand and finer material out upon ther tule
-lands." An old rancher now made the remark that in early days he
thought the rainers, or at least a portion of thera, were rather of a
selfish nature, and were not disposed to pay rauch respect to the
rights of anybody else but the rainers.
" Why, in the opinion of many of then?," said he, " no man had
any right to fence in or to cultivate a piece of ground."
" A neighbor of mine in '53, up in Placer County, had a fine gar
den ; but it happened to be in the way of sorae miners who were at
work above. They tore down the fence and covered ther garden
with tailings, and refused to pay for any daraages, raaintaining that

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 255
the country belonged exclusively to the miners, and no man had
therefore any right to fence in or to use ground for any other pur
pose than for mining."
Another old hydraulic miner now remarked that hydraulic min
ing did not cause all the injury to the lands and streams in the val
leys below that it was supposed it did; for the discovery was made
by a man up in the mining region, a very observing man, too,
who testified upon the stand at Sacramento, during the trial between
the miners and ranchers, that a portion of the injury to the farmers,
as well as to the streams, was caused by the tramping of cattle
among the hills in the mountain regions, an' the heavy rains of win
ter washed this loose soil which their hoofs had loosened up into
the valleys below, thereby causing much of the damage which has
been heretofore attributed to mining. " Now," he asked, "aint that
a very ingenious, as well as a very reasonable view of the question
and who can deny it ? "
"Yis, indade, thin, it is a very raisonable view of ther question,"
answered Mike, "which none of yez can deny at all: an' be jabers
thin, he might have included, too, that thim barnyard fowls also in
scratchin' for ther wurms to fade ther chicky-biddies, loosened up
ther light sile, do yez moind, an' 'tis ther jint operation ov these
two moity forces, begorra, that not only kiver up an' destroy the
potato, an' ther turnip patches of ther farraers, but 'tis thim which
fill up ther navigable straims too, an' unless previnted in toime, will
destroy thira all, an', be jabers, they will transforra thira big
bays below into shallow swarraps an' frog ponds. An' faith thin "
continued Mike, " I'm afther thinkin' that 'tis ther jint operation ov
these same tirific fowl an' cloven hoofed forces, from havin'
been continualy in operation through long pariods of toime, do yez
moind, that have scooped out thim dape caflons, an' goughed out
thimdape channels ov thim mountain straims, too, do yez see; which
has been wrongfully attributed by all ov thim scientific b'ys, as an
effect of volcanic an' of glacial action, begorra."
Jim now enquired of Mike, il the fact of their desire to work
their mines was, in his opinion, an evidence that the miners were of
a more selfish nature than any other class of men, or more inclined
to encroach upon the rights of others ? "No, indade, notat all!"
Mike answered, "but 'tis only in ther opportunity that yez have of
showing it thin, owing intoirly to ther conflict betwain ther two in-

256 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
therists, that is av ranching an' rainin', for human nature is afther
being ther same in both ov yez; an' be jabers! if thim hydraulic
miners was after changing places wid ther ranchers, do yez suppose
ther latter wud be afther stoppiag ther raiaia' busiaess, for fear of
injurin' ther b'ys below, any quicker than ther priseat miners wud
do ? Divil a bit wud they be afther doin' that same, for, indade, me
by's, we are all ov us afther being built of ther same raaterial, an'
be jabers! 'tis our interests which detarraines ther view that we take
ov things after all. An' indade thin," continued Mike "'I remember
a case that occurred up in ther mountains in early days, that illus
trates this p'int. A miner tore down the fence, an' run his tailin's
upon the garden ov a neighbor, ah' to hear this miner talk ov his
rights when the gardner objected to the outrage, be jabers.
yez wud jest be afther concludin that the great Jehovah made ther
counthry ixpresly for ther miner, an' that noboby else hed any busi
ness here at all, an' that this stoyle ov man, ther miner, was lhe only
one worth ther trouble av putting ther breath av life into at all !
at all !
" Well now, do yez raoind, it happened a few years afther that this
sarae miner was afther tryin' ther business of ranchin' himself, an'
about ther same toirae, too, this gardner sold out his ranch an' foli-
lowed ther business ov rainin' and, quare enough, he found a good
prospect upon ther ranch ov ther other chap, an' now be jabers! here
was ther case jest after bein' revarsed.
" It wud hev done yer sowl good to hear this ould rancher, who
was now afther bein' a rainer, jest give it to ther ould miner who was
now afther ranchin', an' he paid himoff swatefy in his own kiae, be
gorra ! Well, afther- quarrellin' awhoile about ther rights "of aich
oae, they finally was afther concludin' that both of thirii had certairi
rights, an' .if they were careful and aich one of thim to do ther fair
thing, there wud be no throuble at all, at all, so ther raiaer agreed to
do as little harrura as possible-and fill up his diggings again."
Jeff now inquired of Mike if he dida't consider it a grisat injury
to the country in general, but more especially to the workiag clas
ses, shutting down the hydraulic mines, consequently taking such'
alarge amountof raoney from our circulation ?
" Ah, yis," said Mike, " indade thin 'twud be a blessing to ther
workin' men of ther Counthry to have that same in circulation
among thira, if they was afther handling much of the sarae ; but,-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 257
me b'ys, I tell yez that ther workingmen of the counthry have but
little opportunity av aither saing or handling rauch av ther sarae at
all, at all."
" But," queried another, " in the circulation of raoney each one
gets his share, does he not ? "
" So he ought, thin, if he was afther earning the sarae ; but divil
a bit is he afther doin' anything ov ther koind, an' for this raisin,
me b'ys, that if that same was ther rule, why, 'tis plain enough, do
yez moind, that ther more gould there was afther bein' scattered
about amoag us, ther greater quantity aich one av us wud be afther
gittin' hould ov, sure. But do yez moiad, thia, it doa't wurruk
that way at all, at all. It is aot becase thim b'ys who hev scraped
togither ther biggest share ov money. are raore selfish than aay the
rest ov thira, devil a bit, but, b'ys, 'tis ia ther nature ov .gould it
self, which is afther foUerin' a law of its own, begob ! aa' has away
ov scrapia' itself in a hape into ther haads oy a few of ther b'ys,
who have already more than they are afther having any use for.
And 'tis for that raison, b'ys, that in me own opinion 'tis jest as well
for that gould to remain in thim hills where it belongs, and kape it
out of their hands."
"Ah, Mike, but that's a wrong idea you've got about money,"
remarked Jeff. " Fifteen millions a year frora the raoaey circulation
means poverty to many a poor family. Why, what vvould your little
ranch be worth, with its grapeviaes aad its peach trees, if we should
all quit miniag ? Aia't it us miners who give you a market for your
stuff?" " Oh, yis, rae b'y, to some extiat 'tis thrue that we depind oa you
miaers to buy much ov our stuff, but not entoirly, thin, begorra !
Ain't it thrue ainough that as ther yaild from ther mines decreases
other industries, are coataiaually improvin' ther whoile in ther
same proportion, be jabers? Indade, thin, to hear some of yez old
miners talk, we'd be afther thinkin' that if mining wud stop ea-
toirely the earth itself wud stop revolviag upoa its axis thia, aa', be
jabers, all huraaa affairs, too, would jest be afther remaining sta
tionary. But divil a bit wud sich a state of affairs occur at all, at
all ! Thim river raiaes aad ther quartz ledges will coatiaue to
yaild sufficieat gould for ther business of ther counthry for hun
dreds of years yit, without the aecessity in rae own opinion ovcoverin'
up and destroyin' ther property or ov fiUia' up ther straims below."

258 THE ARGONA UTS OF. CALIFORNIA.
" Oh, yes," said the old hydraulic miner, "that is all very well,
but what's to become of all of us miners who are depending for our
living upon the hydraulic mines, and how are we to support our
families ? "
" Be jabers, thin!" answered Mike, " yez can be afther doin' what
a hape ov other ould raoiners have done, thin, who loike meself
couldn't make a dacent living at ther business, begorra; fince in
thin a paice ov the sile, an' plant into it thim grape vines, ther fruit
trees, an' ther loikes ov thim, an' be jabers yez'll be afther foindin
in a short toirae that 'tis ther best an' ther aisiest way ov fightin
the battle ov Ufe; lyin' in ambush for yer iniraies among the grape
vines an' trees ov ther paich orchard, or skarmishin' with distiny
from behind a gardia fiace, begorra! For do yez raoind, thin, an'
'aint ther taties, ther cabbages, ther fruit trees an' ther loikes of
thira, afther growin' ther whoile whin yez are slapein. Now, me b'ys,
jest be afther doin' that sarae and yez niver'll be sighin' or gravin'
for ther loss ov thim hydraulic pipes that are ther whole toime
throwin' thim grand ould hills into ther vallies below, be jabers !
" And indade, thin, in obsarving ther iraraense power ov wather^
the aise and ther great ripidity that yez have in washin' away thim
big hills from above, I have been afther thinkin' to meself what
a foine hand ther Prophet Mahomet wud be after houldin' if he
could only descind with his followers from ther heavenly regions
above, an' strike bottom up in the Sacramento valley.
"Wudn't ther b'ys jest, with thira hydraulic giants, be moighty wil
lin' to accommodate ther auld gintlemen, whin he demanded one of
thira big hills above to jest be afther comin' down to him thin, an'
they wud sind it down to him by the aisiest an' quickest mode of con-
veyance, be jabers; they wud ship it by wather, C. O. D., comin' on
demand, do yez moind, an' begorra! wudn't ther ould gintlemen
jest be afther houldin' a strait flush, thin, faith an' he wud."

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

259

CHAPTER XVIII.

Why Are so Many of the Old-timers so Poor — The Uncertainty
OF Mining — Tex and Barton Lee — Tex and the Hound — Tex
ON Board the Steamer — Tex at Golgona.
AN old rancher, a neighbor of Mike, who was present, now asked
the question, why it was that so many of the old pioneers were
so poor' for being here at the first, when the mines were so rich, the
gold so easy to get, and all kinds of business so good, they should
all be wealthy now.
"No! not all!" explained Mike. " It is thrue ainough that we
old pioneers got ther crarae ov it by being here first, but yez see we
thought 'twas jest agom' to last ther whole toime, and that there
could be no ind to it, do yez moind, so we spint our money frayly,
for it corae aisy, an' went ther same way. Whin ther shallow placer
mines begun to give out, an' we could only raake sraall wages, do
yez see, thin ther b'ys coraraenced to tramp about among ther moun
tains to hunt for richer diggings, for after workin' such rich claims
at first, they were not contint to work for smaller wages, an' ther
most of thim spint their money in that way, do yez see, in thrampin'
about ther couatry prospectiag for richer diggings.
" An' thin, agin, the old Forty-niners are as a general rule better
known and more prominent than any other class thin, an' many ov
thira beiag poor, yez are all afther coacludia' that we are all afther
beiag that sarae. But do yez raoind thia, me b'ys, I tell yez that
there's jest as great a proportioa ov the old pioaeers who have made
their pile, an' who have kept it, as yez'll be afther findin' araong any
other class ov min, be jabers. Tis thrue enough, me b'ys, that a very
small proportion ov yez old pioneers who are at prisint livin' in ther
minin' regions have saved enough to harrura yez, becase if yez had
that same, yez wudn't stay here at all, at all, but yez wud be afther
strikin' out for ther big cities below with the rest ov ther b'ys who
made their pile in the minin' fagions an' wint down there to spind
260

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 261
it, begorra. A great many of thim wint into business in ther big
city an' are in business yit, many ov them wint Aist an' hundreds
ov thim are nowin business in the cities ov NewYork, Boston, Phila
delphia, Baltimore, an' other places, an' be jabers they are afther
houldin their own, too, with ther best of 'em. Now, me b'ys, yez
know that the greater portion of thim old pioneers are a long-lived
race, an' be jabers you'll foind that they continue workin' good pay
ground as loag as any other class of paple in ther world.
" For don't yez know, b'ys, that no class ov min in any business
continue to prosper only about so many years? A great many ov
thim in early days spent their kine fraly in prospecting thim river
beds, in building quartz mills, as well as in runnin' long an' expin.
sive tunnels in ther hills in sarchingfor thira ancient riverbeds, an'
be jabers! they wern't afraid to spind their kine fraly to develop ther
country for ther benefit ov all ov yez who was after follerin us to
make their pile in ther couatry, do yez see, now ? But the ould
time prospectors are ther poorest ov the lot do yez moind, an' 'tis
for ther raison that they spind their toime thrampin' about among
ther mountains searching for a rich mine; an' indade thin 'tis thrue
enough that many ov thim do succade in foindin one of thira occa
sionally that was afther havin' a fortune in it, but divil a bit canther
ould-timer work it at all, for, be gob, he has no kine to do that sarae.
So ther poor divil, afther havin' spint his toime in huntin' for a
mine, is obliged, do yez see, to spind more toime in huntin' for some
chap who has got ther kine to help him work it, or else to buy it>
an' he is finally obUged to sell it for jest what they plase to give
him. " This is soon spint, an' thin he is afther commincin' his end
less thramp agin over raountains an' through ther various rainin'
ragions frora Arizona up to ther Arctic ocean, to diskiver anither
rich mine to sell in ther same style. 'Tis for this raison that yez
ould prospectors are afther bein'continually down on ther bed rock.
bejabers ! Oh, yis, 'tis thrue enough, as yez say, that yez have
ther pleasure of thraveling over the counthry an' of makin' rich dis-.
kiveries for others to rape ther benefit ov, an', indade, that is sorae
satisfaction for yez, be gorra ! "
Another one remarked that " Some of the reasons why many of
the old-timers were at the present time so poor were that they ac
quired the habit of spending their money freely in early days, be-

2 62 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
cause it came easy and they thought that the rich mines would be
more lasting. In my opinion, therefore, it is in the nature of the ,
business, as placer mining was in early days, when wages were an
ounce a day and when hundreds were raaking double, and even
treble that amount daily ; such conditions had the effect to destroy
all habits or ideas of economy."
"Yis, indade," said Mike, "but ther great majority of yez niver
larned the manin' of ther tarm economy at all, at all. But 'twas
not ther nature of ther business of minin' entoirly that taught yez
to spind yez money so fraely thin ; but, be gorra, 'twas natural to
ther most ov yez, an' indade, thin, 'twas this fault that made yez
ther Forty-niners, an', be jabers, it saims to stick right by ther most
of yez." " That reminds,'' said Jeff, "of a remark I heard a Dutchman
make once who kept a store up on Bear River in '56. Says he, ' I
could always shust knows dem '49 vellers ven dey was come into'
mine store, mit mine eyes all shut up.' ' I asked him why.' 'Vel,
den, ven one of dose vellers comes in to buy sometings, he says,
Old vellers, have you got some of dot stuff dot vas pooty goot?
I says I was. Veil, den, he says, you shust fills up mine jug ;
So I fills up dot jug, and he pays me, und den he goes right away
pooty soon.
" Vel, den, pboty quick sorae dose other vellers, he comes in
mine store, und he says, " Jacob, has you got' some dem tings ? " ' I
speaks to hira I vas. Veil, den, he dells me how I sells dem, and
I speaks to him how mooch.' "Veil," he say, " couldn't you sell
dose a leetle raore cheaper as dot." ' I speak to him no. Veil, den,
he tells me shust to gives him drei pints, and put em in mit vour of
dose bottles. Veil den he shust goes mit de corner round, and
dakes up one of dem bottles under his nose, und pooty soon he
speaks, "Jacob, von' t you shust fill up dot bottles vot leaked out?"
' So I puts 'em in a leetle more, und den he pays me dera monies,
und he goes right away rait dem bottles. Und dot vas vy I does,
ain't it ? ' "
At this point in the conversation in regard to the present pov.
erty of many of the old-timers, Jeff remarked ,
" Well, Mike, 'tis true enough that the most of us old prospect
ors have failed in our expectations of making another raise atminjng,
or at, any rate in being able to save what we have made in the .past ;

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 263
yet 'tis some consolation for us to know that there was a time once
when we were able to make a big splurge in the big city below when
we made them a visit with our pockets filled with dust, and give the
chaps down there to understand that we knew where there was a
plenty more of the sarae sort of stuff when that was gone.''
" But divil a bit, thin," retorted Mike, " is ther thought ov thim
days ov plinty an big diggins any consolation to yez at all, at all, in
yez ould age. Indade, thin, ther thoughts ov sich prosperity in
ther past only makes our prisint poverty saim ther greater by the
contrast, thin. For, begorra, ther ain't a divil a one ov us but
who'd be moity willin' now in our ould age to swap off all oy thim .
years that we was afther splurgin down in thim cities below with
our pockets filled with dust. Yis, indade, we wud swap all ov thim,
an' we wuldn't be afther askin' any boot aither, for just a few short
years ov rest an' quiet now in our ould age, fray from want an' care,
without bein' obliged to be coatainualy thrampin' about all over
ther counthry tryin' to make a dacent Uving."
Tennessee remarked : " Well, Mike, after all the great uncer
tainty in the business of mining, yet there is a fascination about it
that many of us cannot resist, for there is a' continual expectation
that we will soon strike the right spot."
"Yis, indade, there is that same, thin, an', be jabers, I was afther
thiakia' meself, in early days, that moinin' was jist ther finest an'
the most facinatin' business in ther wuorld ; for do yez moind, thin,
it made no difference how much we was afther makin' on our claim.
Whither 'twas one ounce or tin ov thim, we was always afther ixpic
tin' that ther nixt day 'twud be double, do yez see. 'Twas these
containual ixpictatioas, do yez raoiad, that made ther business so
facinatin', begorra ! Whin at wurruk in ther ravine we was ivery
day ixpictin', do yez moind, that soon we wud be afther jist shovelin'
ther gould up by ther bucket full, as they did over in Georgetown
' gulch. An' thin, again, we Wud soon be after ixpictin' to find a rich
crivise, when we could take out ther gould by ther ton, as they did
over in Alder gulch, Montanna, be jabers. Thin, agin, we was
always jist ixpictin' in our tunnel to sthrike a spot ov blue gravel,
whin we wud take out ther gould by ther car load, as ther b'ys did
from Forest Hill. Faith, thin, me b'ys, 'twas these containual
ixpictations in early days that made ther business of minin' so faci
natin', but thin ther containual disappintments that many ov us met

264 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
with destroys in toime ther facination av their business, an' we are
contint to thry to make a livin' in some other raanner an' let thim
b'ys who ha-yn't lost ther faith in ther business stiU continue it, in
ther hope that sorae day yez'll be afther sthrikin ther right spot,
where yez'll foind a fortune ready waitin' for yez.
Some one asked Mike what had become of his old partner, Pat
Kennedy, whom he worked with on French Flat in '54. Mike
answered that Pat got hurt in a shaft up in Placer County in '56,
and died soon after. He stated that Pat and Uncle Tim Winn
were at work sinking a shaft and that Tim let the bucket sUp out
of his hands, and down it went upon the top of Pat's head.
" I had a talk with Uncle Tim about it," said Mike, '' an' Tim
says to me : ' An', indade, Mike, I was jist afther hookin' on the
tub to sind it down to Pat, an' it slipped out ov me hands an' down
it wint, an' I took a glance down the shaft thin, ixpictin' to see Pat
sornewhere in the last stage ov a rapid decline, do yez raoind, but
divil a bit was he decloinin' at all, for he was standin' upon his
fate an' reclinin' against the side ov the shaft. Says I : "Isit
much harumed that yez are, Pat ?" "Divil a bit ara I at all, but
me brains are all knocked out intoirly, and 'tis spaichless, too, that
Jam, Tim.'""
" Say, Jeff," says Tennessee, " do you remember Tex who worked
with me in that gulch down in old Tuolumne ? 'twas long in the
spring of '50."
" Oh, yes," answered Jeff, " that tall, good-looking, blue-eyed
chap." " Well, when 1 was up in the Salmon River country in '65, 1
heard some of the miners speaking about a chap they called Tex,
who was said to be an old Forty-niner, and was at work in a caflon a
few miles above. I jest felt that he might be my old pard that I
hadn't seen or heard of for ten or twelve years, so I found the
trail to the caflon and went up to see him. Yes, sure enough, 'twas ,
Tex ; I knew him as soon as I come in sight of him. He had found
a rich spot and lived like a king. He put me onto a good claim in
the cafion above bim, and I worked there for about a year and made
quite a raise ; but I found the winters too cold for me up there, so
I sold out and left. I tell you but Tex was clear grit, though. You
remember the time when Barton Lee of Sacramento City busted up
and swindled so many of the boys out of their gold dust ? Well,

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

265

Tex had $5,000 worth of gold dust deposited there in Lee's safe. I
think 'twas long in the spring of '50 that we first got the news that
Lee had busted. The boys who had deposited their dust with him
made a rush for Sacramento City, now, you bet. But, oh, pshaw !

it wern't any use. They couldn't git anything. A few of them, I
heard afterwards, made out to git a little something. Well, now,
you see, when the news first corae up, I asked Tex if he wasn't goin'
down, for I noticed that he didn't seem to hurry or fret about it.
' Oh,' says he, ' I reckon I will, but there's no hurry about it.' Now

266 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Tex waited for some of the boys to return, aad report what the
prospeqt was, and then he started down. I tell you there was black
sand in the coraer of his eye as he stepped iato the stage
the aext morniag, and says I to rayself, ' Old Barton, old
Barton, take keer of yoQrself, foryou are agoin' to have avisitor
frora old Tuolurane ! ' Well, upon his arrival in Sacramento, he
found Lee's office, and in front of it was a large, powerful aegro
actiag in the capacity of doorkeeper. Says Tex to him, 'Is Mr.
Lee in his office?'
" ' No, sah, no, sah, he ara not, sah ! '
" ' Well, I know a d  d sight better,' says Tex.
" ' Well, you can't see hira, sah, for he's busy, sah.'
" But before the astonished doorkeeper could scrape himself to
gether again from among the pile of old rubbish ia the corner, Tex
was inside the rooai, aad with the door locked upoa the inside.
" He fouad Mr. Lee aloae, writiag at his table. He laid his cer
tificate of deposit upon the table in front of him, and remarked in
a very quiet, pleasant manner :
" ' Mr. Lee, that paper calls for $5,000 worth of gold dust, and I
will give you just two rainutes to open that safe and pass it out.'
" Mr. Lee would like to raake an explanation and argue the case ;
but ' not a word, sir ; when you open that safe, aad I find there is
ao raoaey or gold dust in it, then I will listen to any explanation
which yo.u wish to give, and not before, so hurry up, if you
please.' " Mr. Lee then in a very haughty manner turned and looked Tex
in the eye. He saw color in araong the black sand in the corner of
it, fixed his eyes upon that funny, innocent-looking gold saving ma
chiae which Tex was holding in his hand, slid in a kind of hurried
sort of way over the back of his chair to his safe, unlocked it,
counted out $5,000 all in slugs, put them into a little canvas sack,
aad handiag it to Tex, remarked that it was all right. 'You bet,'
says Tex, and politely bidding Bartow good-day, he left."
" WeU " says another old-timer whom they called Pete, " that re
minds rae of another one of the sarae breed who lived up in Coloma.
His name was Crumie, George Crumie, if I remeraber. This chap
kept a saloon up there, and I believe was the only one in the camp
who had an iron safe at that time, for this was along in the spring
of '50, 1 think. Now, Mr. Crumie was a very obUging man, and was

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 267
-wilhng for us miners to keep our sacks of dust in his safe, WeU
one day Mr. Crumie concluded that he had some very important
business to attend to in San Francisco, and now was a grand oppor
tunity for any of thc boys to send down for any Uttle thing they
wanted, as Mr. Crumie was willing to attend to anything of that
kind, and wouldn't charge a cent for his trouble. The consequence
' was that he had quite a list of articles to purchase for us, and the
dust in his pocket to pay for 'em.
" The morning Mr. Crumie left the camp 'twas noticed that his
baggage was rather numerous, and quite hefty,, too, for a man who
was jest goin' down on business and who was intending to come
right back agin, do you see. But little attention was paid to his
baggage, however, and all was supposed to be right until a few days
after he had left, when word was brought up to Coloma that Mr.
George Crumie was on board of a steamer, and on his way to New
York. Upon receiving this unwelcome news, the boys concluded
that something was wrong. The safe was at once broken open, for
he had taken the key with him, and found empty. It was estimated
that there was at least $25,000 in gold dust deposited there by dXi-
ferent miners, besides about $7,000 belonging to his pardner, John
O'Donnell, who was then living in Hangtown. That explained the
use of them heavy trunks that some of us helped to load upon the
stage for him the day he started."
Pete was asked if Crumie had ever been heard of since? " No,"
he answered, " not that I ara sure of; but only a few years ago I
was informed that a Mr. George Crumie was residing in the city
of  , and following the profession of gambling."
Tennessee now reraarked that there was another little incident
or two in which his old pard Tex took an active part that he would
Uke to teU; one of thera occurred in a small town upon the Missis
sippi river near Memphis, in the fall of '51. " Tex and I concluded-
to go home on a visit for a short time in the fall of '51, and on the
way we stopped at the little town for a few days to see some old
acquaintances, and it was there that the little incident occurred. We
met rather unexpectedly a man that we didn't think of meeting. Of
course you all remember that corapany of outlaws that created so
much excitement here in California in '49, called The Hounds.
" There was, I think, about twenty of them, and their object was
when they first formed to clean out the Mexican horse and cattle

268 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
thieves who infested the central and lower parts of the State at
that time. They accomplished their purpose, and very effectually,
too, in a short time, but this job finished what to do next was the
question to decide, which they were not long in doing, however,
for the precedent had been estabUshed many years before by the
renowned Captain Kidd, with which fact they were all doubtless
familiar. They therefore decided to go and do likewise upon their
hook, and roam at will among the hills of the mining regions, as
well as amoag the raaches of the valleys, as laad buccaaeers.
" They were a desperate set of inen, and had no scruples what
ever about taking the life of any one who opposed them. Rewards
were offered by a committee of citizens for their capture or destruc
tion, and the band was finally broken up and dispersed, many of
thera being fcurced to flee the country.
" One of these Hounds was a man whom Tex had heard of be
fore, and a few years previous had resided near the small town
where I have said that we stopped for a few days. By the way,
while in San Francisco a few days before starting on our voyage
horae, by accident Tex picked up an old handbill frora a table
in the hotel where we were stopping, signed by the coramittee of
citizens and Governor Burnett also, I think, offering a reward of
$i,ooo for the capture of this very man I refer to. Well, while
sitting in the bar-room of a hotel in the small town, in conversa
tion with oid acquaintances, Tex made the remark that this man,
who formerly lived near here, had been a meraber of the band of
outlaws in California called The Hounds, and inquired if it was
known what had ever becorae of hira, and I teU you, boys, we were
both astonished when informed that that man was at the present
time a resident of the place, and was running a faro game in a
house across the street. We were further informed that he was a
very dangerous character.
" Now you may depend that this news to us was not very pleas
ant at this pardcular time, and if we had known it we should never
have mentioned his name, but Tex was in for it now, and of course
I was bound to stand by ray pard.
" One of this man's friends, who was present and heard the state
ment from Tex, went over and inforraed hira at once that a raan at
the hotel, right frora California, had stated all the particulars of his
connection with The Hounds, and of the reward offered for his

N i

tex gives full satisfaction.

270 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
capture. Well, we expected, of course, to receive a visit from the
gentleman, and we didn't have long to wait, for in a few minutes
the door was thrown open and in walked a large, powerfully built
man who was every inch a Hound, and he showed it in his black,
glistening eyes. He walked right up to Tex, who was sitting in a
chair, and demanded his authority for the statement, or instant
satisfaction for the foul slander, at the same time placing his hand
upon the handle of his weapon. Tex drew his weapon instantly,
and, rising to his feet, replied in a very quiet manaer :
" ' Well, sir, you can have both if you wish, and first here is my
authority,' at the same time taking the handbill from his pocket he
shook it out, and steppiag backwards a few steps to the side of the
room, fastened it to the wall, remarking : ' There, sir, is my au
thority for the statement I have made, signed by the Governor, and
now if you demand satisfaction you shall have it at once, but if
you make the least motion to draw your weapon you are a dead
Hound.' " The man immediately left the house, and that night left the
town upon finding that his friends had all deserted him."
One of the boys asked Tennessee what steamer he sailed on
when he returned East in '51, and if there were many other forty-
niners who weat East upon the same steamer ? He stated that they
took passage in the steamer " Sierra Nevada " frora San Francisco,
and upon the stearaer "Illinois" from Chagres to New York, the latter
commanded by Lieutenant Herndon,who was lost when the steamer
" Central America " foundered a few years later in the Caribbean
Sea. There were about 700 passengers on board the steamer when
we left San Francisco, and as near as we could judge at that time
about 500 of them were Forty-niners. Some were going East to re
raain, but by far the greater portion were going to see their friends,
relatives, and the girls they left behind them, and with the intention
of returning soon again to California.
It was while crossing the Isthmus that another little incident
occurred, in which Tex took an active part. It illustrates the char
acter of the man, and how ready he always was to help any one in
trouble. In crossing the Isthmus at that time we traveled on
foot or by mule power to the small town of Golgona, which place is
at the head of navigation, and from here down the Chagres River
by boat to the town of Chagres. Now, Tex, myself, aad a few

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 271
Others, arrived at Golgona ahead of the crowd of passengers from
Panama early in the afternoon, intending, of course, to take pas
sage immediately down the river. But as we were upon the point
of starting we were inforriaed by one of the passengers of the
steamer, John L. Stevens, that a friend of his, who was also a pas
senger upon the same steamer, was confined in' the calaboose there
upon the evidence of oae of the natives, who swore that the Ameri
can had refused to pay him for transporting his trunk from Pan
ama. Upon this accusation the American was arrested aad coa-
fined in the native prison, a large log house uear the town. Upon
investigation we fouad this maa to be a Forty-aiaer, a raan about
60 years of age, and from the State of Ohio. We were allowed to
converse with him through the iron-grated window, aad he stated
that he paid the aative ia advance at Panama one ounce, as agreed
upon, for transporting his baggage, and didn't think it right to cora
pel him to pay it again upon the evidence of the native.
To leave this old Forty-niner locked ui was not to be thought of.
Tex proposed, therefore, that we wait uatil our passeagers had all
arrived ia the place, thea make a demand for his release of the Al
calde, aad in case of retusal, to release him ourselves and take him
down the river with us.
About four p.m. the passengers had all arrived and we were
ready for business. A committee was appointed to wait upon the
Alcalde, a large powerful negro, dressed in full regimentals, with a
cavalry sword suspeaded to his waist, and explain to him the facts
in the case and deraand the man's release ; but the old comraander
feltthe dignity of his position, and in a very lofty and dignified man
ner refused to liberate the Americano until he had settled the ac
count. Suspecting trouble the Alcalde called out his native troops,
numbering about 200 men, to guard the prison. They were armed
with a great variety of weapons, consisting of the old-fashioned
flint-lock musket, pistols, swords and clubs. Among them the old
style brass blunderbuss was numerous, as well as other styles of
deadly weapons. I tell you, boys, they were about as fero
cious and formidable a looking set of warriors as you would care to
run afoul of in a dark night if you didn't know who they were ; but
during an engagement the safest place, in my opinion, would be
right in front of them.

272

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

Well, Tex took charge of the boys, and with a big sledge ham
mer in his hand we formed into line between the native troops and
the calaboose. Tex drew his watch from his pocket and holding it
up before the eyes of the Alcalde gave him (the latter) to understand,
by pointing to the hands of it, that when the short hand had got to
the figure five if the door wasn't opened he would open it with his
sledge, and, furthermore, if he ordered his troops to fire off their

TEX AT golgona.
guns and things that some of them would get badly hurt. The
Alcalde drew his huge sword from its scabbard, flourished it above
his head, and at the sarae time ordered his troops to turn around,
face the music and make ready, which they succeeded in doing after
some little trouble ; but at the sarae time Tex remarked : " Now,
boys, show 'em what you're got, and we'll soon show 'em that we
know how to use them, too." Everyman instantly drew his gun.
They were mostly single-barrelled pistols, although there was a
great number of the latest style of revolver, the Smith & Wesson,
among them, but they were sufficient for the purpose.
As soon as the time was up Tex held his watch up before the

IHE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 273
eyes of the Alcalde, replaced it carefully in his pocket, at the sarae
time raising the sledge above his head and advancing toward the
prison door. Would the swarthy commander order his troops to
fire ? He ran his eye along the line of his brave army, then took a
careful survey of the crowd of Americans in front of the prison,
and looked at the Uttle insignificant weapons that they held in
their hands. Would he uphold the dignity of his position and give
the order to fire and save his reputation as a warrior ? He hesi
tated ; suppose he should get hurt and his army annihilated ?
Taking the key from his pocket he unlocked the prison door, and
the old Forty-niner was free.
Upon our return to California a few months later the fact had
been made known that the native did actually receive his pay for
transporting the American's trunk. He was tried and found guilty,
and the Alcalde sentenced him to receive loo lashes and confined
him in prison for one year.

CHARTER XIX.

Tennesses's Letter From Tex— The War in Chili Gulch — Sam
Brown and the Chap With the Mild Blue Eyes — Sam
Brown and the Policeman — Old Kentuck and Sleepy Ben.
ANOTHER little incident took place on board of the steam ship
"Illinois," that is worth relating, continued Tennessee "be
cause Tex bossed the job. When we firSt went down to the din
ner table in the steerage, we found that there wasn't any sugar on
the table for our coffee; Tex thought that very strange, and turning
around to the ship's steward, who was standing in the door of the
pantry, inquired of him if there was any sugar on board ? ' Oh,
yes sah'!' replied the colored steward, 'there's two barrels of
white sugar here in the pantry sah; but dem is fo' the cabin sah.'
'Well' says Tex; 'we must have sorae of that sugar here in the
steerage, for we have all paid the price of our passage, and are just
as much entitled to the use of that sugar as the cabin passengers
are, and if you don't bring it out in two minutes we will go and help
ourselves.' "
So the steward immediately locked the pantry door, and sent
word to the officers of the ship that there was mutiny araong the
passengers of the steerage. • In a few moments Lieut. Smith with
a guard of six raarines armed with cutlasses descended into the
steerage and demanded to know what the trouble was. Tex replied
that there was no sugar upon the table, and as there was plenty of
it in the pantry reserved for the cabin, the boys had concluded that
they were as good as the cabin passengers, and therefore demanded
some sugar. And without meaning to show any disrespect to the
officers of the ship, sir, yet we must have some of that sugar, and
we'll give the steward five minutes to bring it. If he doesn't, then
we shall be obUged to get it ourselves. The officer then ordered
the guard to arrest that man, which they started to do, but as they
advanced toward Tex with drawn cutlasses, a hundred of the old
274

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

275

276 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Forty-niners surrounded Tex, and gave the officers to understand
that it wouldn't be safe to attempt the job. Captain Herndon was
immediately summoned and drawing his sword demanded of Tex
in a very threatening manner if it was his desire to raise a mutiny
on board of his ship ? Tex replied in a very calm and quiet manner,
oh, no, not by any raeans Captain, for we are not that style of men
at all. We are a lot of Forty-niners on the way to the East to visit
the old folks and to see our girls, and have no desire to raise a
mutiny, but we are simply trying to raise some sugar.
Captain Herndon took a good square look at Tex right in the
eye, for about a minute; then he ordered the guard to go upon
deck, sheathed his sword, and walking round to the other side of
the table where Tex was standing, laid his hand upon his shoulder,
and with good nature beaming from his eyes said:
" Then all you are trying to raise is ailittle sugar is it, sir ? "
" That's all, Captain, said Tex in a very quiet and polite way. "
"Well, remarked the Captain and you shaU have it. Steward di
vide that sugar with the boys in the steerage," and then shaking
hands with Tex and a few others, he went upon deck.
Some one asked if Tex was yet alive and where he was; and
Tennessee repUed that Tex returned to his native State about twenty
years ago; bought a ranch somewhere in the northern part of the
State; went and got raarried, and settled down for Ufe. He con
tinued by saying that he heard from Tex occasionally, and said he;
" The last letter I received from him was only a few months ago. I
have the letter with me now, and if you would all Uke to hear what
Tex has to say, I will read it to you." Upon all present expressing
a desire to hear the letter read, Tennessee took it from his pocket
and read as follows:
"California Ranch, Jones Co., Texas,
" September 25th, 1887
" Dear Old Pard ; —
" Returning home, after an absence of about three weeks, from
Galveston, where I had been with a drove of cattle, I found your
letter awaiting me, and you can imagine the pleasure we all enjoyed
in again hearing that you are in good health and still continue in
the old business of mining, with fair prospects ahead of you, and
we sincerely hope that your fullest expectations may be realized
from your silver mine up in Coeur D'Alene. My family are all in

-}

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 277
the best of health and my two oldest sons are now of that age to
be of great assistance to me upon the ranch. This, as you know,
is quite a pleasant country in which to settle down for life, and we
are all reasonably contented. For this reason, I ought not to com
plain. Yet this is not California, by any means. Although having
a pleasant horae, yet I am continually thinking of the happy years I
spent in California, and with a desire to make that my future horae,
which I certainly would do if I could dispose of my property here.
You tell me that great changes have taken place in some, portions
of the mining regions. That in many places our old piles of tail
ings have been levelled down ; the places where we mined filled up
again and planted with fruit trees and grape vines, and also that
pleasant homes can now be seen among the hills where formerly
all was desolate and dreary, and where in the opinion of all of us at
that early day no reasons were known why they should aot so con
tinue. You tell me in your letter that the old-timers are fast dis
appearing, and that not more than 500 or 600 are at present living
in the mining region. This fact I am sorry to hear, although 'tis
what must be from the nature of things expected. If circumstan
ces are such that I shall not be able to sell my property here and
remove with my family to California, I shall, at any rate, make you
a visit, perhaps next winter ; if not, then the winter following, for
I tell you, Pard, there is no spot upon the face of the earth more
dear to me, except my home, or filled with such pleasant associa
tions than the mining regions of California, and a residence there of
fifteen or twenty years unfits a man for a residence in any other
portion of the Union, or, in face, aaywhere else. When I come we
will get Yank and Jeff, if we can find them, and start on a prospect
ing tour around among the old camps, where we mined in early days.
We will go to Mokelumne Hill, then over to Angel's camp, then
upi through Jackson in old Amador, and then we'll strike onto our
old trail up past Duncan's store and pan out a few pans on the Mac-
Cosmy (Cosumnes). Then, if we have time, I would like very much
to visit Chili Gulch, over in Calaveras County, that historic spot,
where you remember the Chileans captured the Kentucky boys.
Then we'll strike on to the old trail up through Fiddletown, where
we'll find, I think, a few old-tiraers ; then along up through old
Hangtown, in Eldorado County, where you tell me that fifty or
sixty old Forty-niners are still hanging out. We'll prospect around

278 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
up Cedar, Oregon and Spanish Ravines, take a look over in the big
caflon and at that rich spot we struck -at Poverty Point. We will
lay in a fresh supply of provisions from Coleman's store, if he is yet
in business in Hangtown, lay in a few mince pies from Doctor
Wakefield's wife, under the hill, and continue our prospecting across
the South Fork, up through Coloma, Georgetown, Spanish Flat, up
on around Forest Hill and vicinity, where the boys used to roll the
dust out by the million. And if we have tirae, Pard, we'll visit
Nevada, Rough and Ready, Squaw Hollow, Last Chance, and all
other camps and river bars where we used to prospect in early days.
Aad I tell you that such a trip, for me, would give me more pleas
ure than a jouraey through the Holy Land or any other poition of
the earth's surface. Give my best respects to all old acquaintances
that you run across in your wanderings, and please tell them for me
that frora a residence of about twenty years among the raountain
ranges of California I acquired that trait of hospitality which is pe
culiar to your State, and if any of them should ever chance to visit
this portion of the country, they will always find the latch-string
hanging outside the door. Don't forget, either, what I have before
mentioned to you, that when the storms of adversity strike you too
heavy, or if the bed rock in the diggings is inclined to buck, and
the claira don't pan well, we have an extra roora prepared and
ready ; an extra chair at the table, also, always ready for my old
Pard which he is welcorae to occupy the balance of his life. My
family join in sending their respects, and hoping to hear from
you soon again, I remain, as ever. Your old Pard, "Tex."
Tennessee having finished reading the letter, and after each one
had given his opinion in relation to the kindness and noble quah
ties of the writer of it, it was suggested that they all unite in drink
ing to his health. The toast frora old Mike upon the occasion
being :
" An' now, me b'ys, here's a long "Hfe; hilth and prosperity to
our ould comrade, Tex, an' may the b'ys who are now afther drinkin'
to his hilth be able to mate togither yearly for the balance ov ther
lives an' repait the same operation, be jabers."
Three cheers were then given for Tex, while old Mike was not
forgotten. Tennessee was asked if he was acquainted with the particulars
of the incident that occurred in ChiH Gulch referred to by -Tex?

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

279

He replied that he was, as he got the whole account of it from
Kentuck, who was present and took a part in the affair :
¦" This Chili Gulch is a few miles from Mokelumne Hill and
empties into the Calaveras River. It was given this name because
'twas discovered by a company of Chileans nurabering about thirty,
and they had worked there for several months, and were taking out
gold by the bushel. In the winter of '49-'5o a corapany of men
composed of Texans and Kentuckians, with a few from Arkansas

" it'll be our turn next,

and Missouri, numbering about sixteen in all, camped near Chili
Gulch, and finding that these foreigners were getting more than
their share of gold, concluded to drive them out and take posses
sion of these rich claims. They therefore posted notices in the
gulch ordering the foreigners to vacate within twenty-four hours or
suffer the consequences. But no attention was paid to the order
for the reason that no law had been passed by the Government to
prevent them from mining in California. And from this fact they
inferred that they had as good a right to mine as any one. The
miners, finding that they did not intend to leave, drove them out
by main force and took possession, not only of their mining ground.

28o THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
but also of their tools, tents and even of sorae of their clothing.
The Chileans went up to Mokelurane Hill for assistance, but the
officers of the law refused to assist them. The sheriff did, how
ever, in order to get rid of them, give them a blank warrant with
the privilege of filling it out and serving said warrant in any man
ner they pleased. Armed with this authority they went early in
the morning and took the whole company of miners prisoners, but
unfortunately one Missourian was killed and another one badly
wounded during the affray. They tied the hands of their prison
ers, and driving them along in the road ahead of them, started for
the town of Stockton, distant about eighty miles. Kentuck said
'that they was jist the maddest set of men you ever did see, for
the idea of bein' driv along the road like a flock of geese by them
d — d greasers, with their hands tied behind their backs, was ter
rible.' " And said he, if we couldonly.have got loose, we'd have killed
the whole lot of 'em. f->*- 4'" ;•
" They told the greasers that they were playin the trump card with
a full hand and to make the most of il, for said they it'll be our
turn next; audit came sooner than either party expected. They
all stopped at O'Neil's station, about twelve miles from Stockton,
for breakfast-. Now it happened that there were quite a number ,of
travellers and tearasters who had stopped there the night before
and when they saw therii greasers- drive in the boys for breakfast,
they were not long in getting acquainted with the particulars, and
whether right or wrong made no difference, for they were Ameri
cans at any rate. So they charged upon them while they were eat
ing their breakfast and bound every one of 'em. Now the scene
had changed, and the boys around Chili Gulch were astonished, a
few days after, to see the American boys driving the Chileans
, before them into camp, all tied, in a similar manner as the
Americans had been. Kentuck said they gave them a fair trial,
and sentenced four of them to he shot. Of course they didn't
know which ones killed their pardner, but it made no difference, to
shoot about four of 'em would fill the bill anyho-w. And said he,
the rest of 'em left that part of the country in a hurry.
" ' Well,' said I to old Kentuck, ' I suppose that you and your
company staid there and worked out Chili Gulch didn't you ? '
" ' Oh well, yas we didn't,' he replied.

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 281
" And I asked- him why not, as there was a good show after they
had driven out the Chileans.
" ' Oh yes,' said he, ' that was all right, and you see we did start.
in to work, but found the climate so kind er sultry round thar, that
we all concluded to find a more salubrious clirae further north.'
" I asked hira to explain what he raeant; and said he.
" 'A few days after we started in to work, some of the miners
around thar had a sort of a miners' meetin' one day, and so they
come over into Chili Gulch and stuck a paper up on a tree with
some writing on it for us to read, and so we did.'
" I asked Kentuck if he remembered what it said.
" ' Oh yas,' says he, ' I do, first rate, for I've got an awful good
memory. It said that if any of them fellers what driv out, and
shot them Chileans, was found mining over there in Chili Gulch,
that the miners round in thera diggings would hang every demed
one of em. Now wer'nt that too sultry for comfort old pard, and
wer'nt it time to hunt for a more salubrous atmosphere? ' "
Tennessee was asked if he was with Tex up in Tuolumne in '56
or 's7, at the time he had the trouble with Sam Brown.
" Oh yes," he replied, " I was near there at that time, but there
wasn't much trouble, anyhow. The way it was: you see some one
had told Brown that Tex made the remark, that it would be much
better for the country if Brown was out of it. This, of course, was
enough for .Brown, and swearing vengeance he went on a hunt for
the man Tex, and he found hira. Now Brown had heard of Tex,
but never ha!ld seen him, for Tex was at work down in the gulch
and seldom jvent up into town; but one day he had sorae business
up at Moke/urane Hill, and Brown was informed of the fact and
started out to find him. Tex was pointed out to him, so Brown
crossed the street, and stepping in front of him demanded to know
if he had inade such a remark which he repeated, at the same time
placing his hand upon his weapon.
" Tex asked, ' is this Sam Brown? at the same time placing his
hand upon his gun.
'' The latter answered that such was his name.
" ' Well,' says Tex, ' I did make that remark and meant it too, and
ara willing to make the sarae reraark again to your face, if 'tis any
accoraraodation to you, and now what are you going to do about it? '
" Brown took a good square look at that quiet,good natured blue

282 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
eye of Tex's, removed his hand from his weapon, and remarked as
he turned to leave, 'oh nothing'; some one asked Brown why he
didn't go for Tex ? ' Oh! ' says he, ' I don't want to quarrel with that
man.' "
Birown was a noted desperado, a fine looking man, with long
curly hair of a sandy color; he was rather of a good natured dispo
sition when perfectly sober, but a demon when drinking.
It was said of him that he had killed in the short space of ten
years about a dozen men; but, soraehow, he always got clear by
pleading self defence.
But his career ended in Carson Valley sorae time in '63 if I am
not mistaken, when Vansickles, with a few others overtook, him on
the road with their shot guns, and without the formality of a trial
filled his body with buck shot.
Jersey reraarked that there was a good story told about Brown,
the circurastances of which occurred in sorae mining camp in the
State of Navada. Brown had butchered a man in self defence, as
he usually claimed, but the authorities thought otherwise and de
terrained to arrest hira; but where was the officer who was wilUng
to take his chances, and make the arrest. An ex-policeman in San
Francisco who had monkeyed with that style of raan, as he supposed
learning of the situation, volunteered to make the arrest, and was
tendered the job.
Brown was informed of the fact, and patiently watched for the
coming raan. Upon the arrival of the stage into town containing
the poUceman, Brown was at his post waiting to tender him a cor
dial reception, and as the former opened the stage door to alight,
Brown ordered him to reraain right where he was, and enjoy a ride
at his (Brown's) expense, and then ordered the driver to take him
away out of town, which he did.
Another old-timer asked Tennessee if he knew what had become
of old Kentuck and his partner, Sleepy Ben ? The former answered
that it was never known what had becorae of thera. They were
either killed by the Indians or lost in the mountains some time in
'54. " You know that after they had worked out that rich claim in
the winter of '49-50 in Georgetown canon, they went the next
season up on Murderers' Bar, on the Middle Fork, where they did
well. The foUowing season they commenced work on the river.

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

283

284 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
but luck was against them and they were washed out for two sea
sons in succession. In '53 they went into the mountains on a pros
pecting expedition, and returned in the fall with some of the finest
specimens, and the biggest, that you ever did see. They struck a
rich caflon somewhere at the north, and we all tried to find out
where it was, but it wasn't any use, and it never has been found
yet. Well, they started in the spring of '54 for their rich caflon,
and that is the last that ever has been heard of Kentuck and Sleepy
Ben. It was very early in the spring when they started, and the
supposition was that they got lost in the snow, and were frozen or
starved to death."

CHAPTER XX.

Yank Visits the Old Mining Camp — Yank Seated on the Boulder
— The First Loaf of Bread — The Bean-pot Comet — How
Julius Sailed Up the River — Jeff's Plum-Duff — ^The
Stone Statue — The Old Miner Who Was Robbed on Board
THE Steamer — The Cceur d'Alene Mines — Coasting.
ONE of the company remarked, with rather a sad expression of
countenance, that the last tirae he went through the mining
region in the central counties, where he mined in earlier days, it
actually gave hira the blues to see those small villages and mining
caraps now all going to ruins and not a single sluice or tom at work
for miles around, except once in a while by a Chinaman.
"Why, them confounded ranchers," he continued, "are jest
fencin' in the whole country, and settin' out their grape-vines and
orchards right where we used to jest roll out ther dust. Why, if
them chaps keep on a speU longer, nobody wiU know that there
has ever been any minin' done there at all."
" Oh, say, Jim, when were you up in Eldorado County last ! "
asked Yank, an old-timer, of an old pardner whom he had just raet
for the first tirae in many years.
Jira replied that he had never been to that part of the country
since he left it in '53.
" But that was a rich gulch that we worked over there by Mos
quito caflon, wern't it?" said Yank.
" Well, I should say it was, and good two-ounce diggins' every
day. I would jest like to strike another sich a claim as that now."
"Well," says Yank, " do you remember old Buckeye, the chap
with the crooked nose ? "
" Oh, yes ! yes indeed. You remember I called him old cork
screw. But have you ever run afoul of him In your travels ?"
"Yes," replied Yank, " and I'll tell ye how I happened to strike
him last fall. You see I had been prospecting around up in that

286 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
new silver minin' region in Northern Idaho, and as soon as the
snow begun to fall I concluded to make tracks for California, so
I carae down through Montana into Nevada, but didn't see any
thing worth stayin' there for. Well, on ray way over frora Ne
vada, I concluded to come around on that divide, take a look
around the country above Georgetown, and take a walk over to
that gulch, near Mosquito Cafloa, where we worked ia '50. But
I tell you I hardly knew the place, for I had to clirab over fences,
travel through vineyards aad orchards, aad in one place I come
across the biggest swarm of children that you ever did see, and
it did seem strange to see so. many children livin' where only a
few years ago was nobody but grizzlys and Indians. I asked a
little black-eyed chap where they all came from, aad he said that
buildiag over there oa the hill was a school-house, aad the chil
drea all lived around ia the neighborhood. I asked him if their
pareats were miniag ?
'''Oh, no,' said he, ' they was most all ranchin', some few of
era were rainin' down in the cafion and sorae were workin' in their
tunnel claims in the hills.'
"I asked him if there was any more children in that part of the
country. " 'Oh,' says he, ' I reckon there is ; for right over there by
the caflon is a big school house that's chock full of children, and
over there in that ravine they are jest buildin' another one and
that'll soon be full of children too, you bet.'
" The boy put me on the trail to the caflon, aad I soon found the
gulch where we mined nearly forty years ago. 'Tis all fenced in
now, and the ground where we worked down in the gulch is all cov
ered with fruit trees. You remeraber that great quartz boulder,
Jim, that slid down off the bank one day and came near smashing
some of us?"
" Oh, yes, first rate," aaswered Jim.
" Well, that great boulder lies right there -yet in the sarae spot
and jest looks as natural as life. I lit my pipe and took a seat
upon it, as we used to do, you remeraber, and thought of old
times, and wondered what had become of my old pardners, Jim,
Buckeye and Kentuck. I found the old cabin that we built, or
what is left of it, but it has been fixed up, and two or three chaps
are livin' in it, who are at work forthe man who owns the ranch. I

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

287

took a walk up towards the old cabin and see two of thera chaps
grinding an axe out in front of it. Do you remeraber, Jira, the
time that I went over to Georgetown and bought that Dutch oven ?"
" Yes, indeed, I do, and old Buckeye called it a donkey baker,
because there was a big cross upon the inside of the cover, and I
remember, Yank, how you bragged that you was jest a-goin to show
the boys what good bread was when it come your cook week agin.
Ha ! Ha ! and I remember that first loaf you baked, too, aad how

YANK REVISITING THE OLD SCENES.
we had to drill aad blast it into small pieces before we could eat
it." " But doa't you remember the next loaf I baked was so infernal
hard, Jim, that you broke the drill tryin' to put in a blast ?"
"Yes, you bet I do, Yank."
" Well, you've got an awful good memory, Jira; and you reraera
ber I threw that loaf of bread out among the ashes in front of the
house, Yank ? "
" Well, aow, listen. I see them chaps at work up there in front

288 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
of the cabin grindin' an axe, and I could hear one of 'em growlin'
and cussin' about soraethin', so I walked up that way to have a talk
with them. They told me that they had been to work mor'n twp
hours tryin' to grind the axe on that grindstone, but 'twasn't worth
a cuss. I asked thera where the stone came frora, and one of them
said that he found it among that old pile of ashes and tried three
or four days to git a hole through it so they could use it.
" ' Out of the ash heap,' said I, ' that's queer.' I stepped up close
to get a good look at it, and what do you suppose I see, Jim ? Why,
on the side of the stone was a big cross, and I'll be dolgerned if
they wasn't using that loaf of bread for a grindstone that I throw'd
out there nearly forty years ago, just as sure as you Uve. Well, I
asked the chap how they got a hole through it. He said they tried
every way they could think of, but 'twas no use.
" ' One day there was a thunder shower comin' over, and the
Boss, he fastened a wire to it and then run the 'tother end of the
wire 'way up to the top of a hop-pole. Well, the lightnin' struck
it right square in the center, and it jest tore the lightnin' all to
pieces, but didn't hurt the stone a bit.'
" ' Well, well,' says I, ' that beats anything I ever heard of. But,'
I asked, ' how did you make out to git a hole through it at last ? '
" ' Well,' says he, ' I'll tell ye. A man over the hill yonder was
down here to the ranch 'tother day looking at the stone, and he
told the Boss to bring it over to his ranch and he would driU a hole
through it for him. So we took it over thar and he did it. You see,
he has got on his ranch a real knowin' sort of raule, who's always
wilUn' to do anythin' you want done, if he can do it. So the rancher
made the stone fast to a tree behind the mule, fastened a drill to the
mule's hind foot, and then begun to tickle the mule behind his
ear with a loag straw, and in about three minutes he driUed a hole
right square through the middle of the stone.'
" Then I up and told him what that stone was and the reason
why they couldn't grind an axe on it, and showed him the cross on
the inside of it, and how it was marked from the cross on the inside
of the cover of the bake-oven.
" The chap who had told me aU about drilling the hole through
it, turned his eye up towards me and remarked that he thought
I had better be goin' pretty soon, for the Boss might be comin'
down that way. I asked him why ? He said there was a notice

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

289

jest above thar on the fence that no old Forty-niners were allowed
to come about on the ranch. I asked him the reason why, and he
said that he couldn't exactly tell what the reason was, but said he
(the Boss) was an old Forty-niner hisself and raaybe he could tell
me. I then asked the chap if he was an old-timer too. He said
no, but that he had an aunt who was.
" ' I thought so,' said I.
" Well, just then there come walking down towards the cabin a
la-rge, heavy-built, gray-headed man, the boss of the ranch, as they
informed me. He had, as I though, a familiar look, and as he came

THE NEW MOTOR.

nearer, Jim, blamed if there wasn't that corkscrew ! Yes, sure
enough, 'twas our old pard. Buckeye.
" He knew me at once, and we spent aearly half a day in talk
ing about old-times, and enjoyed a jolly laugh over that grind
stone. He has a fine ranch ; lots of fruit, as weU as a very smart-
looking woraan for a wife, and four or five children.
" He tried to persuade me to take up a piece of land near him,
get raarried and live Uke white folks.
" But I told him that I was too old to start into an arrangement
of that kind now, and should continue in the occupation of mining
the balance of my life."

290 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
In this manner the old-timers continued throughout the day in
calling up old scenes and incidents of early days.
"We are getting pretty well along in years, boys," says Jersey,
" but we can do a heap of prospecting yet, though. And who knows
but what there raay be a chance to make a big stake before we go,
and some of us old prospectors come up to the top of the heap
yet." Another old-timer now attempted to relate his experience in
cooking a pot of beans for the first time, when he was suddenly in
terrupted by Julius, a venerable colored individual from the city
of Boston, who was forraerly cook on board of some Boston ship
that arrived in California in the year '49.
"Yes, sah! now I spose you is jes' gwine to spress yer ignorance
on de bean cooking question sah! jes' as all ob dem geraman did
who was ignorant ob de cookin'art, sah; an' who ara deficient in de
high culture necessary for de casion, sah. I tells ye dat de ignor
ance ob de gemman in de early days was mos' stonishing when dey
fills de pot chuck full ob de beans, an' den, as dey swell up an' fill
de pot chuck full, dey jes' scoop 'em out, 'til dey fills all de old pots
an' pans about dere house wid dem half-cooked beans. Yes sah!
one ob dose uncu'tivated individuals way down in Calaveras, one
day in '50, jes' filled his dinner pot chuck full ob beans, an' when
dey undertook for to swell up, he jes' takes a big chain an' lashed
de kiver doWa to keep 'em in de pot. But I tole him dat it wernt
no use to do dat, kase de swel'in' proclivities ob dem beans ara so
powerful, sah! dat you might jes' as well try to spress wid a big
chain dem gentle swellln' proclivities ob de bosora ob! ob! — "
"Of what JuUus?"
" Ob de ocean, de ocean sah."
" Well Julius, did the pot cover blow off ? "
"No, sah; but de whole pot, kiver an' aU, jes blowed up froo de
roof, an' away it went sailin' froo de air ober de country towards
Bosting, sah, wid dera beans jes' er strearain' along after it. De
miners tink it ara acoraet, suah, wid a long tail jes' er scatterin' de
fire an' de grabel stones all ober de country."
" JuUus, "one ofthe boys asked, "did you see this bean-pot comet
yourself ? "
"WeH," he answered, "I jes' specks I did, boss, kase I was right
dar durin' de 'currence ob dat berry interestin' 'casion, sah."

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

291

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292 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Yank suggested to him that as it was getting late he had bet
ter go home and feed his pigs. .
"Yes, sah! yes, sah! I is gwine, sah." But as he was about to
leave, sorae one asked hira to tell the boys how his company sailed
up the Sacramento river in '49, as they had never heard the facts
related. "WeU" Julius repHed, "de fac' am, sah, dat before de Lord, I
is unwillin' to gib de gemmen a girafic scription ob dat wonderful cur
rence, sah."
When asked for his reason, he replied: " Dat it might hab de
tendency, sah, to frow some 'spicion upon de veracitude ob de
honest Forty-niners, sah."
But upon being assured that the veracitude of the Forty-niners
was never doubted, he related that the company he was with num
bered sixteen altogether, and they left San Francisco in a large
yawl boat for Sacrameato City about the middle of July '49, and
after pulling for about two days in the hot sun, in the evening they
raade the boat fast to a bush on the bank of the Sacramento River
for the night.
"Well, gemmen," he continued, "we soon found dat we had jes'
gone an' tied up 'mongst de biggest an' de awfulest lot of skeeters
dat you eber see in all your born days. Why, sah, we couldn't
cook nuffin, kase jes' the rainit we went to open de tater sack, dem
skeeters would jes' light on it, an' fly away wid ebery bless'd one
ob 'em. Oh, I tells you, gemmen, dera was a powerful breed ob
skeeters an' no mistake, regular Forty-niners, suah."
Some one enquired how they managed to cook ?
He replied, " we cooked nuffin, an' eat nuffin, kase jes' de minit
we went to put de food in our moufs, dem savage reptiles would jes'
swoop down wid dere long bills an' grab it right away from us.
Well, sah, so we jes' takes our sail an' kivered ober the boat, an' all
hands turned in ter sleep fo' the night. But, gemmen, when we come
fo' to turn out in de raornin", an' look out the tent we was jes' de
most astonished set ob individuals, sah, dat you eber seen, kase we
foun' dat we had gone an' sailed up dat riber in the night sah; clar
up to Sacramento City fo' suah; but how inde name ob de Lord we
hed got up dar, was de mos' 'stonishing subjec' for 'cussion sah.
" When we come for to ' vestigate, an' take a view ob de situation,
we foun' out jes' de way ob de whole truff, fo' jes' as suah as

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

293

you lib, gemraen, dar was our line stretchin' way out ahead ob de
boat, sah, all kivered ober wid dem immense insects; dera Forty-
riine skeeters. You raus' understand, gemmen, dat dat liae ob ourn
was a tarred rope, an' de hot wedder jes' made it awful sticky. Well,
you see dat dera skeeters went an' used dat ar tarred rope for der
roos' in de night, an' when dey feet was once on dat line dey was
dar fo' good. In de night, when de boss skeeter ordered all hands
up to tend to their duties, dey jes' took de line an' all along wid 'era
right op de riber, an' fo' de Lord, gemmen, dat was de way we done
sailed up de Sacramento Riber."
Some one asked Julius about the size of therii mosquitoes.
He replied, " Well, now, about de size ob dem animals, you is axin

MOSQUITOES.
me too much, kase we didn't hab any rule or chalk liae on de boat
to measure dera wid; but I tells yer for a fac', geramen, dat we
kotched de whole lot ob 'em, chopped of dare bills, sah; an' sold
'em to de hotels in de city."
When asked what use they made of thera at the hotels, he said
that they used 'era fo' toothpicks.
After bidding all hands good bye, and with an earnest wish that
they raight all live to enjoy many such pleasant meetings and to
talk about old times, Julius depafted.
" That story about the loaf of bread," said Jeff, "reminds me
of a specimen of my cooking, once upon a time. It was up in Shasta

294 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
County along in the winter of '50. There were four of us in com
pany, and we took regular turns to display our science ia the cook
ing art. Well, I concluded once, when it come my week to git up
the grub, to give the boys something new in the grub liae, a regular
old-fashioned plum pudding, or plum-duff as they called it on board
the ship on our voyige around the Horn. I never had made one,
but I had seen the ship's cook get them up, and I was confident
that I could fix one up in the same style, and I thought 'twas no
trick at all. Just take some flour, put it into a sack, slap in sorae
water, you know ; throw in sorae salt, a little spice, a hunk of butter,
aad then sorae dried apples, if there ain't any raisins around, then
sorae eggs, and that ends the progrararae. Then shake 'em all to
gether a spell, put the sack in the kettle and let her bile till 'tis
done, aad you have got something fit to eat, or anyway you oughter
have if 'tis raixed all right ; but, boys, in makiag that duff I made a
mistake somewhere ; for after I had biled it for about six hours,
and come to put it on the table jest to see how astonished the boys
would look, I tell you what we were all of us astonished to find that
the demed thing was so tough that we couldn't cut it with a knife.
So one of the boys, after chopping off a slice of it with the axe to
tap his boots with, threw it out of the door and it rolled into a pros
pect hole, and 'twas good-bye duff for a time, but not forever. A
day of resurrection came for my duff. 'Twas about fifteen years
afterwards that sorae miners at work there ground-sluicing away
the bank, found it. It was a great curiosity, for no such spotted
stone had ever been found around them diggings before, and many
Opinions were given by those who claimed to be well posted in geo
logical science, and 'twas real interesting to hear them explain what
kind of mineral it was, and the different elements 'twas coraposed of;
how old it was, what era or period it belonged to, etc. Well, boys,
I could have told 'em very quick all about its age, eras, periods,
and its dufferdom eleraents, for I knew what it was the rainute I see
it, but I didn't want to let the cat out of the bag, for I was always
sorry that I let the duff out, so I kept shady. There was a little
hollow on one side, where one of the boys chopped the slice off to
tap his boots with, so the boys who found it used it for a number of
years as a mortar to prospect quartz with. Well, one day there was
a scientific man, a professor from sorae part of Europe, around view
ing the country, and hearing about the curious stone, he went to see it.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

295

SCIENCE AND PLUM-DUFF.

296 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
" After examining it carefully all over, he said :
" ' I would like to see 'em inside.'
" Well, they informed him that if he would buy it he could
break it open and see what was inside it. So he bought it for a
trifle and he got one of the boys to take a beetle aad wedge aad split
it open. "The Professor took the pieces up carefully in his hand, put on
his gold specks, and after looking at the stone for a rainute, said :
" ' Oh, mine gracious, shentlemens, does you know vot I was
found here; dis vas vonderful; vo here in dis stone I does found
dem leetle comraenceraents ov our lives.'
" Then he told us that the soft stuff that he found in the center
of it was spasms-splasras. It sounded something like photo, or proto-
plasras. He was very inuch excited over it, and said he :
" ' I takes dis vonderful stone to Sharraany mit me, because you
Americans don't understand about dese tings so mooch.' "
Some one asked Jeff if he had ever heard anything about the
Professor or his duff, since.
" Well," says Jeff, " a short time ago I saw the picture in some
pictorial paper of a stone statue that was erected somewhere in
Europe in horior of some great scientific man who' had recently
died, and he was holding in his outstretched hand a great round
spotted stone. And, boys, blamed if it didn't look exactly like
that sarae old plura-duff that I biled for the boys up in Shasta
nearly forty years ago, and I'll jest bet it was, too."
Some one present asked Yank if his old pard, who was robbed
of part of his gold dust on his way home in '51 on board of the
steamship " Illinois," ever recovered it. Yank repUed that he never
did, and, being requested to relate the particulars, he stated that
his pard made a visit to his friends in the East in the fall of '51,
and was robbed on the way home by a gambler by the name of
" He took advantage when my pard had gone up on deck for a
few minutes and went to his bunk, cut open his valise and took
from a buckskin belt two purses containing $800 or $1,000. Miller
was arrested upon arrival in Panama and thoroughly searched, but
nothing could be found upon him. He had an accomplice on board
who secreted it for him. Perhaps some of you reraeraber this raan.
He was not a regular gambler, but what they called a bar-room

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

297

scrub-gambler, and would, in company with a few others of the same
species, sit at a Uttle table in one coraer aad play poker for ten
cents aate day and night. When my old pard decided to return
home this scrub-gambler concluded to go in the same stearaer."
Upon being assured by two or three present that they reraera
bered the great tall saloon buramer, Yank continued by saying that

THE MILLER TAKING AN UNJUST TOLL.

upon the arrival of the steamer in New York his pard secured the.
services of a detective to watch ., who was followed a few
days after their arrival into the banking house of Beebe & Co., on
¦Wall street, where he sold about $800 worth of gold dust. A de
scription of the appearance of certain specimens among the dust
was given the detective, and he found upon an examination of it

298 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
that it answered the description and was, no doubt, the stolen dust.
The detective explained to the bank clerk that the gold had been
stolen, and requested that it be laid to one side until he could send
for the owner of it, but owing to sorae misunderstanding among
the clerks, when the detective returned with the Forty-niner to the
bank later in the day, they found that it had been serit to the Mint
in Philadelphia only an hour before. They therefore boarded the
next train, aad, upon their arrival at the Mint, found that they were
about tea miautes too late ; it had gone into the raelting pot.
Upon sorae inquiry being made in regard to , Yank stated
that by a person, who was acquainted with him, he was in
formed that the garabier had prospered pretty well in life, had
a family, was at present in good health, and loved to boast
araong his acquaintances of the high and exalted position that he
once held as Alcalde and Justice of the Peace in Hangtown, Cali
fornia, forty years ago.
Yank was asked if he ran across many of the old-timers during
his late prospecting expedition at the North ?
He replied that he found them in almost every mining camp.
" I met three old acquaintances up in the Salraon River country
that I hadn't heard frora for more than thirty years, and they in
forraed rae of quite a nuraber who were at work in the Snake River
country. Then I found some eight or ten of the old Forty-niners
up in the Cceur D'Alene silver region. I met one whose name is
Sam Black. He was a passenger in the ship " Gray Eagle " from
Philadelphia ,in '49, and at one time in early days worked aear
Hangtown. Sara is now prospectiag a silver ledge, and also working
Nine-mile Caflon with a bed rock flume, from which he expects to
make money enough to enable him to return once more to San
Francisco and spend the balance of his days among his acquaint
ances, for he thinks he has done his share in tramping through
cafloas and over mountains, hunting for mineral, and feels now like
taking a rest. All of these old-timers are confident now that they
have at last struck the right spot, and like the balance of the old-
time prospectors who are yet in harness, they have magnificent
prospects just a little ahead of them, and are living in full expecta
tion of one day in the near future striking it immensely rich. They
hope to have the satisfaction, at least when it comes their turn to
pass, even if they haven't enjoyed the pleasure during life of hold-

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299

ing a full hand, to leave a good hand and a big pot for the benefit
of those who will take their places to finish out the game.
" To the old-timers this is a great coasolatioa, am't it, b'ys ? "
" You bet it is," was the general response.
"Oh, yes," he replied, in answer to an inquiry, "there are a
great maay Forty-niners now living in the State of Nevada ; some
are hunting for mineral and quite a number are engaged in ranching.
An old acquaintance told me that he met quite a nuraber of the old

THE DONKEY PROSPECTOR.
boys in the mining region of Colorado, and a few of them in
Utah." An old miner enquired of Yank what the prospects were up in
the Coeur D'Alene silver region. He replied that frora what he
saw up there he was satisfied that it would prove to be a very rich
mining region. There are now a number of raines frOra which they
are shipping tons of ore daily, but the hills in this region have not
yet been prospected oaly to a small exteat, and in my opinion many
richer mines will be yet discovered than they are working at pres
ent. Another one enquired of him how they happened to discover

300 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
this silver region, and who raade the first discovery, Yank stated
that they were discovered by a party of prospectors who came over
the summit of the mountains from the gold regions of Pritchard
and Eagle creeks to prospect for gold. These were a man by the
narae of Kellogg and the other was Phil O'Rouke. They packed
their tools and grub over upon a donkey. After prospecting around
for a few days among the ravines and cafions and finding nothing,
they concluded to return. When ready to return they found that
their donkey had strayed away and upon searching for hira they
discovered him away upon the side of the mountain perched upon a
mass of rock or croppings of lava, as it appeared fo be from a dis
taace, but they found to their astonishment and delight that this
outcropping upon which their donkey had taken his station was a
solid mass of ore of sorae character which they didn't know the
value of until they had it properly assayed upon their return home.
This mine, first discovered by a donkey, is the Bunker Hill mine,
situated near the town of Wardner.
Yank continued by saying that no prospecting can be done up in
that country in the winter season, owing to the intense cold and
great depth of snow, but there is no difficulty whatever in working
a mine and of shipping ore at any time, as a railroad is running
convenient to the great majority of the mines. One remarkable
phenomenon I noticed in that region was the absence of wind
storms. The wind blows but seldom, and the snow falls in large
fiakes right straight down, and remains where it falls until the com
ing of the warm air current from the Pacific Ocean, called, in this
region, the Chenook, and the influetice of which is felt for some
distance beyond the Rocky Mountains in this latitude.
By the way, passing through the Cceur d'. -Viene mining region
the reraains of an old road can be seen that was built by the Gov
ernment some tirae in '6i or '62 for the purpose of opening a com
munication for the transportation of troops and stores between the
Pacific Coast an(d the East. This road was built from Walla- Walla,
in Washington Territory, to Fort Benton, Montana. Many of the
old bridges, or rather the ruins of them, can yet be seen, and are
very numerous, for upon one portion of the Coeur d'Alene River,
from the town of Wallace to the town of Mullan, a distance of nine
miles, the river has to he crossed, I think, fourteen times, The
builder of this ro.ad, Mr. John Mullan, is at the present time a

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

301

302 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
resident of the city of Washington, D. C, and engaged in the prac
tice of law.
Another phenomenon I noticed here was the new style of coast
ing (at least to me) practiced by the girls and boys during the moon
light evenings, their sleds consisting simply of deer skins. These
would be spread out upon the snow with the hair side down. A the
starting point, at the top of a steep hill, sitting down upon the skin,
the sides and ends would be drawn up as snug as possible, aad when
a number were ready the signal would be given, and being assisted
in the start by the boys, away they go without regard to order or
method. The fun in this style of coasting does not consist so much
in seeing who will reach the foot of the hill first, but if they can
descend and retain their sitting posture, which is almost impossible,
for the contact with each other ia their descent causes them to roll
over aad over, for the hands are occupied ia holding fast the ends
of the deer skins, and to roll is easy. Of course the scene at the
foot of the hill, where the boys and girls all finally meet upon one
common level, and badly mixed, is where the fun comes in.

CHAPTER XXI.

Their Names Unknown — The Types of Men in the Mines — Pike's
Illustration of Missouri Character — Bob the Fiddler —
The Power of Music Illustrated — John Kelley the Music
ian — Joe Bowers — Jeff Visits Pioneer Hall — Old Miners
IN San Francisco.
DURING a lull in the conversation about this time, it was men
tioned by an old miner as a singular circumstance, that al-
though the old-timers present had been acquainted with each other
for nearly forty years, he would bet his old blind mule, that was
hitched to the fence outside, "agin a chew of tobacco," they could
n't tell the names of one another, which was found uppn trial to be
the case.
" Well, boys," said Yank, " in old tiraes we didn't ask the name
of a raan; but whar are you frora was the main question, the infor
mation to be desired, and many had becorae so accustomed to satis
fying their curiosity upon this point that in course of time it was
possible to tell with some certainty what State a man was from by
his geneiral appearance. For in those early times, when the various
States were more thinly settled than at present, the individuals of
each State possessed some peculiarity of form, feature, or, their
pronunciation of certain words, by which they could be distinguished,
that is, by any one who took the trouble to study the differences
between them. For instance, an acquaintance of mine in early days
who had frora curiosity studied the peculiarities of the emigrants
from the various States, said that he could tell, as soon as he laid
his eyes upon a new comer, what State the latter was from.
" There " said he, "do you see them chaps a-digging that tail race
by the foot cf the hill ? Well, they are from away down East, the
State of Maine. See, they are large, heavy fraraed, tall and awkward
in their movements, and when they walk their iong arms swing
about like the arms of a windraill. Notice how angular their bodies
303

304 IHE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
are. That is caused by friction in circulating about among the
granite boulders of their native State. The Vermonters are tall,
like their neighbors, but of better build. Now down yonder beyond
the bridge you notice a number of men at work. Well that first
gang is from Massachusetts, aad the gang below them conies from
Connecticut. Now, you see, although they are all New Englanders,
yet they differ very much from the boys of Maine. They are,
as a general rule, of shorter stature, with short arras, and more com
pactly built. But although the boys from the New England States
differ very much in their general appearance, yet there is one trait
peculiar to them, by which, as a general rule they can be distinguish
ed from the boys of maay of the other States, I raean of course here
in the mining regions, and that is they are industrious, and are Uttle
incUned to waste their time in loafing around among the saloons and
gambling houses.
" There, do you see them boys over there upon the other side of
the creek. Now, they are from Ohio. There is no mistaking their
native State, for they have all that peculiar look, form and build.
" They are, as a rule, above the raediura in height; heavy built,
broad shouldered, but bones sraall and corapact, with full faces and
almost always with a round head and nose of the snub order.
" Like the New England boys, they are generally industrious and
do not fool away much time around among the liquor shops. Now
do you see those chaps over there by the mill. Well, their State is
near Ohio, yet they are a different class of people. The difference
is that when you run afoul of a man of that appearance, you can
just bet he is from the State of Illinois. You see that the most of
them have strait sandy hair, with whiskers to match, sharp features,
and as a generalrule wear freckles upon their countenances; but
then they are industrious, and good natured. And now" said he'
where do you suppose those boys are from, who are building the log
cabin on the point below there? Do you notice their sharp feat
ures, coarse, strait black hair and that they are slim built and round
shouldered too? Well, them chaps are from New Jersey. Now just
observe the difference between them and the two chaps coming up
the trail beyond with their mining tools upon their shoulders. Now,
there is a type of man different in many respects from all others
who come into the mining regions. You notice that they are tall,
but heavy built, and walk erect like soldiers on parade. They have

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 305
sandy hair; 'tis rather long and you notice that 'tis inclined to curl,
with chin whiskers and mustache to raatch. You aotice also that
they wear a pleasant smile, an indication that they are good na
tured, and so they are; but if a chap for any reason sees fit to in
timate to one of them that he is a prevaricator, he must break the
news to him gently, in a kind ofa quiet subdued sort of style, frora a
distance, or frora the opposite side off, big sturap, for the appUcation
of the terra ' liar ' to one of that breed of raen, will cause a raon
strous bowie-knife to fly frora his boot leg, and woe to the man
it isaimed at."
" Yes," interrupted Tennessee, "that reminds me of a Dutch
man up on Bear river, in '50, who had some trouble with one of
those chaps about a mining claim, and he said to one of them 'you
vas told von big lie. As the Dutchman saw him reach down for his
bowie knife, he started to run, but the knife was too quick for hira,
and the heavy ivory "handle struck hira aloagside of his head aad
knocked hira dowa. He saw the flash of the sua upon the polished
blade as it came towards hira, and whea he became coascious
sorae oae asked what was the matter ?
" 'Oh, raiae gracious, he aaswered; ' sorae big flash of dose light
nings shust coraes after mit me, uad I diaks dot I vas duader struck.'
"Well those boys are from Mississippi. But few of them however,
ever came into the mining regioas. They -were generous aad free
hearted, aad a fair specimea of Americaa character from that por
tion of the couatry."
Yaak resumed by sayiag that although 'twas oftea difficult to tell
with certaiaty what State a man was frora by his general appearance,
yet a Northern raan could alraost always be distiaguished frora oae
who was of Southera birth.
" To illustrate " continued he, " my old pard said. There do you
seethe boys standing there ia froatof the cabia ? They are rather
tall, strait, with short black hair, their complexion rather dark, aad
you aotice that they have ao beards; the cheek boaes are high too-
Now, those boys are frora the Blue Grass regioas of Keatucky; full
of fua, aad would rather clirab around araongthe mountains aad
cafioas, with their heavy rifles on their shoulders, thaa to work at
mining in the hot sua."
It beiag evideat aow that Yank had concluded his explanation
of the various types of men found in the miniag region in early

3o6 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
days, old Pike arose to his feet aad deraanded to know if he meant
to insult his native State by passing over it and not noticing it at
all. " Why," said he, " haint we got no keracter at all down thar ? "
Yank answered hira that as he was present to speak for his own
State he ought to do so, aad they would listen to hira.
" Well," said Pike, " there was a right smart chance of our boys
from old Missouri thet corae out inter Californy long in '50, an' I
tell ye, boys, thet dern ray buttons if I jest wern't ashamed of some
on 'era rayself. But them Pike County chaps was from the frontier,
yer know, aad of course er coulda't expect anything better. But
when yer come to talk about Missouri keracter in geaeral,
boys, an' of them old-fashioned forty-year ago chaps, ther real stub
an' twist style of Missouri gentleraen, why, if yer jest mix together
every good pint that yer can find in all ther rest oa 'em frora ther
t'other States, bile 'era all dowa ia a big kittle, an' when 'its cooled
down a spell take off the kiver, an' yer'll fiad in the bottom on it
one of yer rale old-fashioned Missouri geatleraea, cooked clean
through, too, you bet. Thar wern't no marrer in ther backbones
nuther, cause they was chuck full 'er sand, an' ther wern't no room
for raarrer, aad they didn't hev no superiors any whar. Now,
theft my opinion of them chaps la Missouri. What's yer opinion,
pard ? "
" Oh, well," repUed Yank, "if we take you for a sample. Pike,
maybe 3'OU are not far out of the way.''
Yank asked Jersey if he had ever, during his travels.around the
country, come across one of his old pardners whom they called
Bob the Fiddler.
" Yes," answered Jersey, " but he went East about fifteen years
ago, with quite a fortune that he made up on the Trinity River. He
was a fine young chap, but some of the boys in the company were
terribly down on him when we first went into the mines in '49. You
see, before we sailed frora New York there were ten of us who con
cluded to forra a corapany by ourselves and work together, just as
a great raany others did who came around Cape Horn, and who
intended to go into the mines. These companies were nearly all
broken up upon their arrival in the mines, because it was soon found
that there were many lazy ones among them who were not wilUng
to do their share of the work. But our corapany seemed to get

to i

" I VAS DUNDER STRUCK.

3o8 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
along first rate, and every man was wilUng to do his part of the
work except Bob. We worked together as a company, however,
for aearly two years, until some of the boys concluded to go horae
again. Whea we first corameaced raiaiag we came pretty near
breaking up on account of Bob, but fortunately we did not, and
I'll explain why we didn't. You see we were working a rich claira
in Georgetown caflon in the fall of '49 ; 'twas good ounce diggings,
and we were all anxious to get out all we could before the heavy
rains commenced in the winter, but the trouble was that Bob
wouldn't do his share of the work, and consequently there was a
good deal of grumbUng, and four or five of the boys were deter
mined not to divide with him a share of our week's work upon the
Saturday night following, and declared that if he was paid a share
of it they would quit and break up the company. Now, Bob was a
first rate fellow, good natured and always full of his jokes and fun;
was always ready and willing to run errands or work about the
cabin, but he was not used to hard work and would only work in
the mine a few hours each day. But Bob was a good fiddler and
singer, and I tell you, boys, after the day's work was doae we liked_
to hear him start ia oa his music. Well, fiddle-strings were a scarce
article up ia the raiaes then, and sorae of Bob's strings breaking
we had to get along without rausic for awhile ; but one Saturday
Bob heard of a raan who worked in a caflon a few miles above, and
who had just come up from San Francisco, bringing an assortment
of fiddle-strings with him. This was good news for Bob, so he
threw down his pick and shovel about ten o'clock a.m. and made
tracks for the caflon.
" It was then that the dissatisfied ones determined that Bob
should either leave the company or they would, for they had raade
up their rainds not to work any raore for a man who wouldn't do
his share.
" The balance of us, however, thought too rauch of Bob to have
hira turned out of the corapany, and agreed if they would over
look Bob's faults that we would work a little harder to make up for
his delinquency. We were thus engaged in talking and endeavor
ing to arrange the difficulty along in the afternoon, when we heard
the sound of Bob's violin up on the hill above. Upon looking up
we saw him seated upon a log under the shade of an dak. We all
stopped work and seated ourselves upon the most convenient places

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

309

^-^MC^'

' »Z

- .'¦¦«¦
I I

'.•^^«e^ ^
BOB. THE FIDDLER.
3IO THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
to listen to the music, and for more than two hours we sat there
listening to the old farailiar tunes, played and sung by Bob, of
' Auld Lang Syne,' ' Sweet Home,' ' Ben Bolt,' ' Do They Miss Me
at Home,' ' The Old Folks at Home,' as weU as other songs that we
had often heard araong our friends and acquaintances at horae.
Well, the effect of this was that upon making a division at night
Bob received his full share. Not a word of complaint was made
against hira by anyone then or ever afterwards, and he was given
to understand that if he would, after the day's work was done and
we had lighted our pipes for the evening smoke, make our lonely
evenings raore cheerful by playing the old farailiar airs, that he
could jest work when or as little as he pleased on the claim."
At this point an old-timer, who previous to this had been silent,
remarked that but few persons are aware of the wonderful power
of music, and its effect upon the mind under, certain conditions.
But of course we do not realize its magic influence except when
placed as we were in early days so far from horae and living, as you
might say, in a semi-civilized condition among the mountains of a
new country, that these old familiar songs that we heard in our
younger days seera to strike with full force, and awaken memories
that have lain dormant for many years perhaps.
"I remeraber a little incident," he continued, "that occurred in
early days in a sraall mining caraj* upon Murderer's Bar on the
Middle Fork of the American River, which illustrates this wonder
ful power of music.
" A young man frora one of the Southera States was mining
upon the bar. He had a good paying claira, but he got to drink
ing and spent raost of his time loafing around among the saloons,
and in a few months he got down about as low as 'twas possible for
a raan to get. He was in one of the garabling saloons one even
ing in corapany with two or three others who were about as low and
degraded as he was, sitting at a table engaged in their usual game
of poker, when all at once he arose to his feet and stood attentively
listening to the music, a song that was being sung, and played on a
violin, at the other end of the room. At the conclusion of the song
he threw his cards upon the floor, and said that he had played his
last card and drank his last drink, for that song that John Kelly had
just sung had brought him to his senses, for 'twas the last piece he
heard his sister sing when he left home a few years before.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

311

•ao w

312 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
" ' And, boys,' said he ' from this time forward I lead a different
life.'" It was reraarked by another that this same John Kelly was yet
living, he believed.
He was a good musician as well as singer, and in early days
played around in all the various mining caihps.
"Why," said Jeff, "I have known rainers who had worked hard ah
day to tramp several miles into camp through mud and rain to hear
Kelly play and sing some favorite song that their sisters, or some
other fellow's sister, had beea accustoraed to sing a few years be
fore away at the other side of the continent."
Some one asked old Pike if he had forgotten the song entitled
"Joe Bowers" that he used to sing tothe boys in Georgetown
caflon in early days. He replied that he hadn't sung it for many
long years, but if they desired to hear it he would sing it. The
desire being unanimous, he seated hiraself upon the table, and in a
clear voice sang the old and long^focgptten ballad, and as it may
be new to many and will 'recall to old-timers the scenes and inci
dents of early days, I give the words for.their benefit :
JOE BOWERS,
My name it is Joe Bowers, I've got a brother Ike ;
I came from old Missouri, yes, all the way from Pike.
I'll tell you why I left thar, and how I carae to roam.
And leave my poor old mammy so fur away from home.
I used to court a girl thar, her aame was Sally Black,
I axed her if she'd marry me, she said it was. a whack ;
But then says she, "Joe Bowers, before -we hitch, for, life,
You ought to git a little home to keep yer little. wife."
Oh, Sally, dearest Sally ! oh, Sally, fo&yi^ur^s.ake,...
I'U'go to CaUfornia aad try to raise.a st,a5se.\
Says she to me, " Joe Bowers, you are the man .to win.
Here's a kiss to bind the bargain," and she hove a dozen in.
When I got to that country I hadn't " nary red,"
I had such woolfish feeliags I alraost wished I was dead ;
But the thoughts of ray dear Sally sooa made thera git.
And whispered hopes to Bowers— I wish I had 'era yit.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 313
Riglit soon I went to minin', put in ray biggest licks.
Came down upon the boulders jest Uke a thousand o' bricks.
I worked both late and early, in sun, in rain, in snow,
I was workin' for my Sally — 'twas all the same to Joe.
Bime by I got a letter from ray dear brother Ike ;
It carae from old Missouri — all the way from Pike ;
I brought to rae the derndest news that ever you did hear —
My heart is alraost burstin', so pray excuse this tear.
It said Sal was false to rae, her love for rae had fled.
She'd got married to a butcher ; the butcher's head was red,
Aad more than than, the letter said — it alraost raakes me swar —
That Sally had a baby, and the baby had red har.
So now I've told you all about this very sad affair,
'Bout Sally marryin' a butcher, a butcher with red har ;
But whether it 'taws a boy or a gal child, the letter never said.
It only said the baby's har was " inclined to be red."

Sorae years have passed since Bowers told his very plaintive tale ;
Time smoothed his grief, revived his hopes, his courage did not fail ;
He worked along as best he could, and his dear brother Ike
Kept Joseph pretty well posted on raatters back ia Pike.
Smallpox it knocked the butcher out, and Joe he wandered home ;
He " played for even " with success, and cares no more to roam ;
Joe married Sally and the shop, he soothed her loving heart.
And now he has her red-haired son to drive the butcher cart.
" Oh, by the way, Jeff," asked one of the boys, "did you visit
Pioneer Hall when you was down to the Bay ? "
''Yes, indeed, I did," answered Jeff, " and an acquaintance of
raine handed in my narae for admission as a raeraber of the so
ciety." " They say 'tis a fine building, Jeff."
"Yes, it is, and it is the headquarters for the old boys to raeet
and talk over old tiraes." '
" Well, are there many old rainers araong thera ? " asks another.
" No, I don't think there are, boys. I saw a great raaay of the

314 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
old pioneers around, but none of them looked as though they ever
roughed it much in the mines."
"Oh, well," said Jersey, " living down there you know, sport
ing store clothes and such things, of course, would make the old
miners appear more like gentlemen, you know, in a little while."
" Oh, yes," remarked Pike, " and maybe when we go down thar,
boys, and put on ther biled shirt and tother fixins, why they'll take
us for gentlemen, too. You bet they will,"
"One sight I saw there," remarked Jeff, "which astonished
me very much, was the children of the pioneers. They held a fan
dango there in the hall upon the evening of admission day, and
from curiosity I just dropped in for a few minutes to see the little
folks enjoy themselves. Children ! well, boys, you would be as
tonished to see them, for instead of a lot of little children, as I ex
pected to see, why the most of them were men and women and
married, too, many of them ; just think of it, for it is only a short
time ago, apparently, that we all landed here as mere boys. It
shows how old Father Tirae is hustling us along, whilst we are
tramping about among the hills, thinking all the time that we are
just keeping a little ahead of him. But, boys, we ain't though.
"As soon as I laid my eyes on that crowd of young, second-
crop Forty-niners, says I, ' Jeff, old Tirae is close after you,' and I
have felt ever since just like one of them ancient fossils that they
have in the museums,"
One of the boys enquired if he saw many of the boys down there
whom we used to know around in the mines.
" Well," he answered, " I reckon I did. Why, San Francisco is
chock full of 'em,"
"What are they doing ? " "Well, now, I couldn't answer that ques
tion. Some of thera are doing one thing and sorae another, and do
ing all kinds of things and odd jobs to make a livin'; but I tell you
'tis hard work for some of 'em. You know how we often wondered
what had become of lots of thera chaps that we mined with up in
old Hangtown, Forest Hill, and other diggin's. Well, there they
all are, or the most of them. When the mines give out, or they got
tired of prospecting, they just put for the big city to strike a job of
some kind, and I tell you, I kinder pitied some of 'em. They
have such a woebegone and old-fashioned, one-hundred-years-ago
kind of look about 'em, hanging round the wharves, anywhere, look-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

315

ing for a job, I tried to get some of 'em to come along up here
with rae, and offered to pay their expenses up. Told 'em there was
lots of places where they could pan out or cradle a first-rate livin',
and told 'era, too, how they could jest fence in a few acres of
ground, set out sorae fruit trees, make a good garden, and live like
lords. But they reckoned 'twas too far off and they couldn't get
back to spend their evenings in town with the boys."

L£2n'?

JEFF IN THE HALL.

CHAPTER XXII

Pioneer Hall — Old Mike Explains — Something Wrong — The
Business Of Mining — Mike's Philosophy — Yank at the Bay
—The Expressman and the Broom Peddler — Lucky Bill and
THE Gamblers — Sam Plunket, the Arkansas Beauty — Pete,
THE Boss Liar of the Yuba.
MANY questions were asked in relation to the new Pioneer hall.
Jeff explained that it was on Fourth street near the corner of
Market; that it contained a large hall, used for meetings, lectures,
festivals and other purposes, as well as for dancing by the young
Pioaeers. " I attended one of their dances and I noticed that sorae
of the old boys theraselves could just get' around as lively as any
of 'em. " Then there is the ladies' parlor, which is grand I tell you, with
its velvet sofas, divanzes and everything. There ain't nothing
around here in the raines that can corapare with it. Then up-stairs
is a fine biUiard roora, where I saw some of the old boys amusing
themselves, and I noticed that the most of 'em who played, were
sure to get left every tirae, jest as many of us used to in mining.
'Tis the sarae old garae, clear through. (You bet 'tis, was the
general response.) There is also a big smoking-room, and here
were a number of the old boys amusing theraselves by playing
checkers, dorainoes and cards, and they all looked a kinder happy
and contended, with a sort of a ' well, now we have struck it ' kind
of a look about "era. Oh, by'the way, there was a large reading-
roora, too, containing several long tables which were all covered
with books and newspapers. And there were a nuraber of old boys
sitting around in just the biggest kind of rocking chairs that you
ever did see. Some were reading, and some were asleep and just
dreaming about their old mining days." Sorae one asked how many
of the boys were there now in the society, who were living, and how
many had joined since its organization in '50 ?
316

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

3i8 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
He explained that Mr. Graves, the Secretary, informed him that
the whole number who had joined the society was about 3,350, and
of this number there were now living about 1,300.
" Well, Jeff, did you raake out to find the old ship once more
that brought you to California ? "
" No, boys, but I found the great building that was built over ber
hull on Sansome street, but the hull of the old ship is buried deep
below the mud and water out of sight entirely, and all that remains
now of the old ship is the name, the 'Niantic.'"
After Jeff had concluded, an old-timer reraarked that it was a
great pleasure to hira to hear that so many of the old-timers were
yet living, and said he.
" I wish there was sorae way of finding out how raany of the old-
tiraers are yet living, and what part of the world they are in."
"Faith thin," replied Mike, "indade an' 'twud be er foine
thing if we wer afther knowin' thet sarae. An' if we wer afther
knowia' of ther b'ys who are above the ground at ther prisint toime*
thet we sailed with around ther Horn so many long years since, an'
indade, if we could only be afther mateing with soriie of thim, an
talk ov ther ould times and incidints av ther voyage, an' ov ther
lives ov thim since we landed upon ther coast, do yez moind, pwhat
tales we could be afther relatin' to aich other, ov evints an' incid
ints av a California loife.
" Pwhat a foine thing 'twould be, now, if some one wud jest be
afther gittin' ther naraes ov ther b'ys who are now livin'. 'Twould
be a hape ov trouble an' ixpensive, too, but bedad thin, twould be
interestin' to all ov us. Now, Yank, yez had better undertake ther
job ov gittia' ther names of thira for yez own satisfaction."
Yank remarked that he had been thinking of doing so, and as
soon as he had aa opportuaity he would see what could be done,
Mike again reraarked :
"Well now, me b'ys, 'tis raaay long years siace ther aews was
afther beia siat across ther continint that ther was jest slathers av
gould lyin' around loose here, an' aisy to git, do yez moind, an' in
dade thin thet's jest what brought us here too, the lot av us. An'
pwhat a change, begorra, has been afther takin' place since we
landed upon the shores of California, for 'twas thia a wilderness, an'
the Indians, the grizzlies an' a variety ov other strange animiles,
were monarchs ov all they surveyed, thin, with not a blessed wan to

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 319
dispute ther title, do yez moind. But ther discovery ov gold
changed all this, do yez see ? Fur now, where we was afther findin'
a wilderness thin, we see a number ov towns an' cities, an' in the
short space ov toirae ov forty years we now are afther obsarvin' an
empoire containin' a million ov paple or more, begorra. Dooiin'
that space ov toime, too, there has been taken frorn our gould
moines an araount excadin' a billion and a half dollars, which has
been scattered about araong ther paple of ther country, do yez
moind, Indade, thin, 'tis thrue enough, be jabers, that ther b'ys
who was afther diggin' it frora ther sile, recaived a moity small
share ov the sarae for ther labor ov diggin' it from the hills an'
mountains about, for it saimed the whole toime to obsarve the same
law as ruaain' wather, do yez moiad; aa' as fast as 'twas afther be-
in' taken from the earth, it run in a containious straim down to ther
big cities below, an' divil a bit could we be afther stoppin' it, at all,
at all." Another old-tiraer reraarked that although the boys who dug
out the gold retained but a small proportion of it, yet the whole
country in general received the full benefit of it.
"Yis," Mike replied, "thrue enough that sarae was the case,
an' do yez call to raoiad, thin, ther wise spaich in ther Bible where it
says that to him who hath much more will be afther being given to
that same, and to him that hath nothin' at all, at all, they will be
afther deproivin' hira av the sarae troifling quantity, begorra. Well,
me b'ys, that's jest t^e style av it, for 'tis a law av money now, do
yez obsarve, that, 'twill be afther continually concintratin' into the
hands avthe b'ys who have got the most av it, do yez see ? An', in
me own opiaion, 'tis jest as well, for they are the b'ys ginerally who
know how to use it for the benefit av the rest av us, do yez
moind. For didn't Mr, Lick, thin, use his raoaey in a dacint man
ner for the benefit av all the b'ys ? An' didn't he give thim a foine
Hall down at the big city below, where they can howld their matins'
to talk about ould-timers, rade ther papers, an' enj'y a quiet nap,
begorra ! and indade, thin, did not the same ould gintleman spind
his money frayly in erectin' an obsarvatory with a big tilliscope, do
yez moind, to sarch ther hivens with, expictin' the whoile to discover
in sorae av ther planets above anither rich raoining counthry where
yez can be afther eraigratin' to whin yez have wuorked out this
wan ? An', indade, thin, wasn't it another wan av ther b'ys who gath-

320 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
ered up more than his share afther spiadia' his kine fraly in the
buildin' av an ixtinsive univarsity, to give our children a bit av larn-
in' av a louder style, begorra ? Yis, indade thin, the construction
av foine buildin's, av big warehouses, ther monstrous staim ships,
ther great, manufactories, and ther railroads all over the counthry,
as well as ther extinsive canals aad ditches, coastructed to give
wather to ther barrea places ia ther couathry, begorra, is ia rae own
opinion an evidince that a fair portion ov the gould, at laist, that we
b'ys helped to dig from the river beds aa' mountains ia ther moiaia'
ragion has collected into ther hands ov the b'ys who are jest afther
knowia' how to use ther sarae for the binefit ov all, do yez
moiad." Aaother old rainer declared that there was soraething wrong
about it ; that he couldn't understand at all why so many of the
miaers who dug so maay millions of gold from lhe earth should all
be so poor now, aad he believed 'twas owiag to the greed and sel
fishness of the business classes. They took all the advantage to
rob the miners of their well-earned share of the gold.
" No, not at all," said Mike ; "that, indade, is not the raison,
but 'tis all owin' to ther nater ov the moinin' industry, an' that I'll
be afther ixplainin', thin. Do yez obsarve the difference now be
twain the business ov miaiag aa' all other koiads ; for, iadade thin,
has not the moiner got his rich mom in ther beginnin', whilst in all
other koinds it requoires long years to wurruk for it. As a man
puts ia his toime aad his raoaey in any business, sure thin is it not
iacrasin' in vaUy continually ? An' so it is with the lawyer, the doc
tor an' with the mechaaic too, now, do yez moind. Wan ov the
b'ys takes up a pace ov land ; spends his toirae an' money in im
provin' that same, and, begorra, the longer he works upon it, thin,
the more valuable it is afther growin' the whoile ; but divil a bit is
the rich moine growin' in vally at all, at all. But do yez moind,
thin, the longer yez are afther wurrukin' it thin the poorer 'tis grow-
in', aa' when 'tis wurruked out, devil a cint can maay of yez show
for the toirae aa' labor yes have splat upon the sarae."
Another one reraarked, "Well, 'tis true enough, as you say, that
the gold we dig out flows into the big cities into the hands of a few
wealthy raen, aad 'tis for that reason that the rich are getting richer
whilst the poor are gittin' poorer."
" Well," says Mike, " now yez are afther encrouching upon a

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 321
question in political economy that we ould miners are hardly com-
petintto dale with, begorra. But in me own opinion 'tis not thrue
as yez have stated, that the rich are afther gittin' richer, whoile the
poor are gittin' poorer, at all, at all. It oaly saims to be the case,
but aot so in fact, as oi will explain to yez. 'Tis thrue enough, that
in consequince ov the large quantity ov gould yez b'ys have dug
from ther hills above an' thrown in circulation, the facilities ov
scrapin' large quantities ov it in a hape by a few ov the b'ys in the
big cities was an aisy job, an' by use ov the sarae, in a few years
they were yery rich men. An' if all the b'ys who were fortunate
enough to do that same could continue to live in the sarae maaaer,
aad ther children afther thim, to inherit such conditioas ov great
wealth, why, thea, 'twould be thrue as yez hav sthated. But divil a
bit is that the case. But why not, are yez asking ?
" Well, thin, jist be afther lookin' back for a few years an' callin'
to yez recollection ther b'ys who were wealthy thin, and where do
yez foind thira or ther descindeats now ? An', indade, thin, couldn't
yez spake ov many ov the b'ys who were ther poorest ov the lot a
few years ago, an' are now the richest ov thim ? An' don't that prove
to yez that changes are afther takin' place containualy ? The poor
ov to-day may be the wealthy b'ys ov next wake, an' the sons ov the
b'ys who are now rejicin' over ther good fortunes may be the b'ys
who'll hav the hard wurruk to do in ther future, do yez moind. An',
agin, me b'ys, as obsarvation shows us, raore than noine-tinths ov
the wealthy b'ys to-day were poor, or the sons ov poor wurrukin' min
wanst, which is an ividincethatthe opportunities for scrapin' togither
a hape ov wealth is not confoined to any won class ov mia, at all, at
all ; but ivery divil a won ov yez has an aiqual opportunity wid
all if yez only go ther right way to wurruk to git it, be jabers.
" Now, these changes prove that altho' at wan pariod in the lives
ov the wealthy b'ys they do increase in wealth, but yez'll foind
in toime that noine-tinths ov thim grow poorer as they grow older,
which is not the case with the whiskey yez are afther drinkiag,
thin, for that is improvin' the whoile. And yez'll be after observin',
too, that ther ranks ov the wealthy b'ys are bein' containualy re
cruited from the ranks ov the workin' min ov the couathry, be
jabers. 'Tis for these raisoas, rae b'ys, acquoired by loag exparience
an' observation, that divil a bit are ther rich gifting richer or ther
poor poorer, at all, at all. Oh, yis, 'tis thrue enough thet it sairas

322 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
to be the case thet the gould ov the counthry is being gobbled up
by a few ov the b'ys, but divil a bit is it thrue in fact, for to njake
money yez must use the salme, an' for that raison 'tis ividint that
the circulation ov money is constant an' aiqual, an' all ov yez hav
aiqual opportunities for usin' that saime, begorra ! "
Mike was now asked if he didn't think that it would be better
for the country in general, or for the working classes in particular,
if this co-operative plan that we have heard so much about lately
should be adopted :
Mike answered :
"No, indade, thin, it would not, and for the raisins, me b'ys,
that if yez will only investigate ther incentives — that is the ground
wurruk ov all huraan action — yez will be afther foindin' that all de-
pinds upon our future ixpictations. Now, me by's, what is it that
kape ther lot ov yez er thrampin' around among ther hills and the
mountains from Arizoni to Alasky, thin, but ther containual ixpic-
tation of sthrikin' er rich mine ? An', indade, thin, is it not thrue
ov all other huraan affairs, begorra ? What, thin, rae b'ys, becoraes
ov aU ixpictations when yez hav all jined with the co-operative
union, be jabers ? Indade, thin, yez can hav none at all, for yez
are all shure of a livin' an' nothin' more to ixpict, an' all ov yez
are livin' upon an aquality. Yis, indade, thin, jist ask the workin'
rain ov the counthry if they wud be contint to live in such a style,
whin they wud all be afther bein' shure ov er livin', shure enough, but
wid no ixpictations that aither thimselves or ther children wud iver
be inythin' higher than workin' min. An', be jabers, thin, they
wud be afther sayin' to yez: ' Give us poverty, thin, an' hard wurruk,
but divil a bit shall yez be afther deprivin' us ov ther containual
ixpictations we hav that our b'ys may be in ther future able to live
Uke gintlemin widout ther necessity ov labor, at all, at all.' An',
faith, thin, do yez raoind ther lad who was afther robbin' ther melon
patch, but accidentilly got among ther punkins, an' whin tould thet
the owner ov ther melons wud give hira aU he wanted for the askin',
said he : ' Indade, thin, its raeself , thin, who had rather ait a grane
punkin that I could stale than to ate a foine melon presented to
me.' " Tis thrue enough," continued Mike, " that the poor saims to be
continually -incrasing in numbers in all ther large cities ov ther
country, begorra! but ther raisons for this are that the inducements

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 323
are greater there, an' to the minds ov the b'ys the prospects ov
gittin' money much quicker an' aisier saira more encouraging to thim,
do yez raoind; but in me own opinion 'twould be better for ther
most ov thim to come out into ther counthry an' try to make an
honest Hving from ther sile; that would aquaUze ther labor ov ther
counthry, begorra, an' tind to solve ther labor problera, begob!"
Mike was now asked the question, what raethod could be adopt
ed that would have the effect to bring all classes more upon an
equality? "None at aU," Mike answered, "Divil a bit is it necessary
to do that saim for I tell yez, rae b'ys, that poverty, which sairas to
the most ov yez to be a curse put upon man for his sins, is in fact
ther base an' foundation ovall human enterprise, industry, and pros
perity; now was it not poverty, with a desire to escape from it, that
brought thousands ov yez old pioneers here to dig an' thramp
about among ther mountains for gould? indade, thin, it was, for if
yez hadn't been poor, divil a bit would one ov yez corae at all, at
all. An' indade, thin, was it not in consequence ov this sarae poverty
(that raany ov the b'ys all over ther counthry are howling and curs
ing about,) that has been ther mains ov ilivating ther whole coun
thry to such high conditions ov development, shure, and it is thin,
an' ther prosperous condition ov ther counthry to day with its great
commarcial enterprises, its railroads runnin' in all directions frora
ther Atlantic to ther Pacific Oceans, an' with its raariads ov grow
ing towns and cities springing into existence araong ther desert
.places, where but a few years since was a vast wilderness occupied
only by ther buffalo droves, and savage Indians; all ov these won
derful changes, rae b'ys, are only ther effects ov poverty, be jabers.
It raust be plain to yez, thin, that poverty is a necessity, an' ther
incintive to escape from it is ther bottom of ther whole business,
begorra!" "Yes, that may all be very true" reraarked another, "but when we
take a view of life around us and witness the great araount of misery
and suffering in all of our large cities, while a great portion of the
more fortunate are rolling in wealth, don't you think that it would
be just and right to adopt some poUcy that would prevent such ex
treme conditions of great wealth of a few and the poverty of the
many?" "Faith thin" says Mike "an' 'tis this sarae idea upon which is
founded all ov thim isms that are after creating so much exciteraent

324 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
araong ther workingraen ov ther counthry, begorra; it makes thim
discontmted with their conditions for ther raisons that ther laiders
ov socialism, ov Georgeism, anti-povertyism, nationalism an* ther
rest ov thim, are all the toirae taiching the b'ys that ther only rai
sons why they are so poor is because others ov thira are so wealthy,
begorra, and if their ideas in relation to huraan affairs can only be
carried out by previnting thera b'ys from incraising their wealth
who are, owiag to their good habits aad suparior abilities, the best
able to do so, be jabers, will in their opinion give ther poor b'ys a
better opportunity to incraise their wealth whether they are capable
ov doing so or not; now, me b'ys, is this a raisonable view ov the sit
uation, for aint you b'ys who are jest afther putting in your toime
thraraping 'round among the mountains for a rich mine, begorra,
more loikely to foind it than ther b'ys who are all ther whoile coa-
tint to hang arouad in the cities, thin, huntin' for an aisy job, and
who are contaiaually howliag for yez to prisiat thira with aa iaterest
ia yez raiae, be jabers. Yis, m' b'ys, observation is afther taichin'
us ther fact that as a gineral rule thim b'ys who are industrious thin,
aa' who are afther acquiriag good habits oaly, are ther h'ys who
are prosperous aad, faith thia, ia me own opinion they desarve it,
too. "Now for these raisons, rae b'ys, it is in me own opinion all darmed
nonsinse to talk about anti-poverty an' an aiquality of conditions,
for we doa't waat thim at alj, at all."
Yaak aext related his experieace at the Bay, When he was
down last spriag an acquaintance persuaded hira to attend a re
union of the Old Hangtown residents, or rather the old-tiraers of
Eldorado County. Yank explained that the residents of Tuolumne,
Nevada aad Eldorado Counties hold what they call a reunion every
year, generally about May i. They have thera in Oakland at
one of the aumerous parks; geaerally; but sometimes at other
localities. He said that the oae he atteaded was in Badger's Park,
and there were as many as 1,500 people there. But among all that
crowd there was only one old Forty-niner whom he knew before,
although it was said that there were several others around on the
ground somewhere.
" I teU you" said he, "there were lots of people there whom I
used to know around old Hangtown in '51 and '52, and they all
seemed kind of glad to meet one another. Then there was a whole

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

¦ 32s

326 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
regiment of youngsters and gifls dancing in the haU, but they were
all babies when I left the diggings, so I didn't know a single one of
them. They hold these meetings down there every year, and, boys,
blamed if I won't try and go down every time if I can make a raise,
for I tell you it sets a fellow up again to meet all of these old-tiraers,
and to have a chat about old times.
"I came across an old acquaintance very unexpectedly down
there whom I thought was dead, and by consent of my old pard,
Tennessee, I'U tell the whole story. You remember, boys, that in '52
an old rainer in Shasta County discovered somewhere in the moun
tains a very rich caflon ; he was afterwards killed by the Indians.
Many expeditions went in search of the lost cafion but none could
ever find it. In the spring of '54 a company, consisting of Tennes
see, five others, and myself, concluded to go in search of it, but, un
fortunately, we started a little too early in the spring, for on the
fourth day out there came on a terrible cold snow-storm, and of
course we started home again. We got lost and wandered about
for three or four days, not knowing what course to take, and, worse
than aU, we were nearly out of provisions. There was a young
Swede with us. He was a sailor chap who had come from San
Francisco to try his fortune in mining, and, being anxious to go
with us, we had brought him along. He was a smart, good-natured
boy, and we all thought a heap of him. Well, in the evening, we
were all lounging around the fire, talking over the situation, when
one of the boys, just for sport, proposed that we now right there and
then cast lots to see which one of us must be cut up to save the
lives of the rest, as we only had grub enough to last about one day
longer. Of course the boy was elected, as we intended, just to see
if 'twould scare him any; but he didn't seem to mind it at all, for
he laughed and joked about it, when we had all decided to have
him for breakfast in the raorning.
" The sun rose clear the next morning, but we 'were astonished
to find upon getting up that Pete, the sailor boy, had vanished.
He had becorae frightened, believing that we were in earnest, and
had started off alone through the snowdrifts, only to get lost and
perhaps destroyed by bears. We determined to find hira if t'was
possible, so without stopping to make a fire we ate a cold breakfast
and were soon following his trail, which we were enabled to trace
easily for about twenty miles to the bottom of a deep caflon. From

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 327
that point, however, all traces of it were lost. We returned home,
determined to continue the search as soon as possible. In a day
or two we procured mules and searched araong the hills and cafions
thoroughly in all directions for several days, but nothing was ever
heard of him, it being the conclusion of aU that he had been de
stroyed by a grizzly, which were very numerous at that tirae. Well,
I carae across an old mining acquaintance in San Francisco who
was following the sea, and we took a walk down araong the vessels.
We were lounging along down one of the wharves and I saw a raan
on board of a sraall coasting schooner whora I though had rather a
familiar look about him. My acquaintance said that he didn't know
his name, but that he was the owner of that vessel. I told my
friend that I was going to see hira, so I juraped down on to the
deck and spoke to the man, asking him if he was the captain. He
answered that he was, and he wanted to know if I was looking for
a job. I told hira no, but that I had a great curiosity to see hira, as
he reminded me very much of a young chap I once knew in the
mines. He asked me when. Said I : ' More than thirty years ago,
up in Shasta County.'
" 'Well,' said he, ' I was up in that county about that tirae and
got out of there as quick as I could, as sorae of the old miners
were talking about eating me up.'
" As he said that I just grabbed hold of his hand, and said I :
"'This is Pete, the sailor boy, isn't it?'
" ' Yes,' he answered, ' but who are you ? '
"'Don't you remember Yank?' I asked; 'one of those old
rainers who were going to raake a breakfast off of you ? '
" Well, boys, he did remeraber me now, you bet.
" ' Mine gracious, is this Yank ? Well ! well ! now come down
into mine cabin.'
" After we had both recovered a little from our astonishraent,
and I had explained how we had hunted for hira for several days
among the hills aad cafioas, he told me how he had managed to
find his way out of the mountains, after remaining up in a tree for
more than two days to get away from a big grizzly which he thought
must have been some relation to us old miners, some way, for the
brute seemed deterrained to eat hira up, anyhow.
" 'But,' said he, 'the bear got tired and hungry waiting for me
to corae down and finaUy went away, aad thea I carae down and

328 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
made tracks for San Francisco pooty quick, and don't want to go
out prospecting any more at all."'
Yank continued by asking if any of thera reraerabered the chap
they called "Razor BiU."
"Oh, yis," Mike answered, "indade I rerairaber hira well whin
he wurruked down near Angel's camp, an' whin he wurruked up at
Poverty Point, near Hangtown, an' he made a good dale ov money
too, but, begorra, he wasa't the b'y to save it. I see him play
cards with that sarae chap they caUed ' Lucky BiU,' an' he lost more
than $800 at the garae."
" Well," said Yank, " I saw him at the Bay. He is driving an
express wagon, and says that he is doing a very good business. He
is raarried now, and has five or six children."
Tennessee remarked that any man who played the game of seven
up with " Lucky Bill" was sure to leave his dust there, for he was
one of the best card-players in California.
" Do you remeraber the time when he cleaned out them chaps
from San Francisco ?" resumed Tennessee. "'Twas in August of
'50, soon after his arrival in Hangtown frora the East. These two
chaps had heard of hira, and that he had plenty of money, and they
came up to clean hira out. His house was crowded that evening
by the boys who wanted to see the fun. It was agreed that one of
these 'Frisco chaps should play ten garaes, and then if luck was
against hira he should have the privilege of quitting the game if he
wished, and the other one could take his place and play in the sarae
raanner. They brought (as was said) ^11,000 with thera, aU in $50
slugs, which was piled upon the table, and an equal sum was placed
alongside of Bill. Both piles were decorated in the usual manner,
with a big revolver placed in a convenient position for an eraer
gency. The play was for $1,000 a garae, and I tell you 'twas inter
esting to see them piles of slugs travel back and forth in a rapid
manner frora one side of the table to the other. But it was soon
noticed that raany of these stacks of slugs that had waltzed across
to Lucky Bill's side didn't seera to be inclined to waltz back again.
The consequence was that at the end of two hours they had played
thirty-one games, and every slug was under the protection of Bill's
gun. "'Well,' says one of the chaps, 'that ends our game, for you
have got it aU.'

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

3-9

" Bill shoved a stack of slugs over to them, remarking :
'There, boys, take that to pay your expeases.'
" ' No, ao; aot a eeat,' one of thera replied, ' it is all yours, for
you have played a straight, square garae, and we will not take a
dollar of it' "
Some oae eaquired of Jersey if he kaew what ever becarae of
Pete, the boss liar of the Yuba? as the boys called him; Jersey re
pUed. that he was killed by a bear up in Plumas County sometime ia
'54. Pete and two others were prospectiag in a ravine one day.

" that's ther, ther 'tother one.

when a big grizzly came upon thera frora the brush ; his pardners
got away by climbing up a steep hill aad weat for assistaace, but
Pete had beea caved upoa a short time before aad coulda't rua, so
he and the bear had the whole circus to theraselves for a while;
they rescued him but 'twas too late, he was torn all to pieces. But
he was true to his colors to the last, for after they had taken him to
his cabin to die, almost his last words were, " well boys, I got away
with one of 'em any how, and if I'd only had a fair show I'd 'er
cleaaed 'em both out " but whea told that there was but oae bear
there, he answered: " Oh, yes, ther was, for didn't yernotice lots cr
hair and bear's grease scattered about on ther rocks?" the boys said

33°

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

they did. "Well," says Pete with his dyingbreath, "that's ther, ther
tother one."
" Ah!" continued Jersey, "but Pete was a fine talker and his per
suasive eloquence was almost irresistible; he said once that his
father was a life-insurance agent down in Connecticut, and that he
hiraself had inherited a faculty for the business, and intended to
foUow it when he returned East."
There was an old Irishraan living on the bar at that tirae by the
name of Pat Flynn. Pete was in his cabin one Sunday morning, and
Pat wanted to trira up his long hair with a large pair of shears, but
couldn't find his piece of looking-glass. Pete said that he would
go and get his own for hira, so he went and found a brick, and bet

SAM's shadow and the INDIANS.
the drinks with one of the boys that he would convince Pat that it
was a looking-glass and that he would use it to cut his hair with.
Well, it was hard work, and it took a good deal of talking to con
vince Pat, but after looking it all over, and turning it in his hand,
he reraarked, " that 'twas a quare glass but, be jabers, I'll give it a
thry, any how," and he did; ina few moments, however, he come
near clipping off one of his ears; grabbing the brick from the table,
as Pete sta:rted to run he threw it at hira, at the same time ex
clairaing, " Pete, yez are a darraed Har." " I know it, thats my
trade, Pat" says Pete as he started away, and he won the drinks.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

331

BEAUTY AND THE BEAST.

332 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Some one asked Bolzer what became of Sam Plunkett, the Ar
kansas beauty, as they called hira. Bolzer stated that after they
had finished working out their joint claim in Georgetown cafion,
in the spring of '50, Sam went north, and was supposed to have
been killed by the Modoc Indians inthe sumraer of '56, as he went
on a prospecting expedition up into that country about that tirae,
and was never heard of afterwards.
"Ifthe Indians did kiU him," Bolzer continued, " they must have
done it when he was asleep sorae dark night, for they never dared
to go near eaough to kill hira in the daylight. Why, Sam told me
once that he was offered a big salary to travel with a show as a
natural curiosity, and I asked why he didn't. Well, he said -he
would, but there was another chap in his native State who was
jealous of hira, and told him if he joined that show he would kiU
hira later, 'sure. Sara said they hired 'tother chap, but they didn't
keep hira long, for the farraers all over the country raade such a
fuss, and threatened to kill hira if he dida't git out. I asked Sam
why the farraers were all dowa oa him, aad he said that in every
sectioa of the country he passed through, the milk all turned sour.
Bolzer then related an incident to show why the Indians were
afraid to get near enough to Sam to kill him.
"Upon one occasion," said Bolzer "Sara, in corapany with a
chap they called ' Sleepy Ben,' started upon a prospecting expedi
tion away up north, and Ben tells for a fact that when, in passing
around a point near the mouth of a ravine, they saw, just a short
distance beyond, four or five ladiaas who were Apparently very
badly scared at soraethiag upon the opposite side of the ravine, for
they ran for their ponies, which they raounted in a great hurry, and
were out of sight among the rocks and brush beyond in a jiffy.
Ben said they were astonished, and couldn't imagine what the In
dians were so badly scared at, but, upon coming in sight of thd
opposite side of the ravine, there upon the face of a high ledge of
rock was the shadow of Sam with his roll of blankets upon his back,
lookiag for aU the world like a huge carael walking upon its hind
legs." Bolzer was asked if he believed the yarn that was told about
Sara frightening a bear to death up in Nevada County, in the fall
of '50. Bolzer replied that Dutch Pete, who was with Sam at the
tirae, said 'twas true. Upon sorae one asking about the circum-

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

333

stances, Bolzer related that Sara and Pete had been into town and
were on their way home again with a sack of flour and other articles
upon their shoulders. Sara was in the lead, and just as they were
opposite a cluster of bushes a huge grizzly bear raet thera in the
trail, and, raising itself upon its hind legs, laid its forepaws in a
playful manner upon Sam's shoulders. Sam had a heavy load on
his back, and being somewhat astonished at the sudden appearance
of the bear he stood perfectly stiU, and looked his unwelcorae visi
tor square in the face. The bear also, by the way, seeraed to be as
much astonished as Sam was, aad Pete said that it would look very

THE power of BEAUTY. '
earnestly at Sam, first out of one eye and then turning its head it
would gaze at him for a minute with the other, and then it would
lower its head, and closing both eyes, seeraed to be thinking to
itself whether it had ever in the course of its life corae across such
a looking object before, and whether 'twas dangerous or not. Pete
said the animal seemed to think that the queer-lookiijg thing was
dangerous, and that he had " shust got dera paws into it, for he
shost rolled his eyes up and pooty sudden all at vunce he falls over
on top rait his back, und den he duras'his eye up to Sara, strikes at
hira mit his paw, und daking von long breath vas dead right avay
as von big nail, by shiminy."

334 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
" This was Pete's account of the affair," concluded Bolzer. " Well,
Sam was the ugliest man in the universe, and he seemed to be proud
of it, too. He said once that he would be remembered after he
was dead a spell longer 'than you good-lookin' chaps,' aad that
seemed to console hira for his ugliness. It was stated by a man
who crossed the plains in the sarae train with Sara, that the whole
train was at one tirae in the greatest danger of being run over and
trarapled to death by an immense drove of buffaloes, but Sam, see
ing the danger just in tirae, walked towards the drove when it was
almost upon them, and it divided, passing upon either side. His
presence of mind in showing himself to the drove at the right
time saved the lives of more than one hundred men, women and
children."

CHAPTER XXIII.

Bill Burnes Lynching the Colored Man — Dick Arnold — The
Mining Regions — The Old-timers Disperse — The Phantoms
OF THE Forty-niners — Forty Years Have Passed — The
Argonauts' Soliloquy — The Great Changes — The Flight
OF Time— The Number of Pioneers Now Living,
4' /^H, say. Pike, do you remember when Bill Burnes and his crowd
\J of border ruffians undertook to hang that colored chap,
Bartlett, over on Weaver Creek in '51 ? " asked Tennessee.
" Oh, yaas, indeed,'" answered Pike, " for you know I was right
thar and seen it all,"
"WeU," Yank continued, "when I was down there to the Bay
there was an article about that affair published in the Argonaut.
But wasn't that little Providence chap, Dick Arnold, clear grit,
though ? But, pshaw, who would want to run the risk of his life
just to save a darky, anyhow ? You remeraber that I asked hira
afterwards how he could run such a risk for a colored man, and a
stranger, too.
" ' Oh, weU,' says the little black-eyed cuss, ' if it had been a
yellow dog I would have done it all the same upon general princi
ples, jest to show that crowd that they couldn't run this country
any longer.
'"Why, you remember that 'twas this same crowd, the Bill
Burnes' gang, who undertook to make trouble when we voted upon
the adoption of the constitution at Colonel Backus' .hotel ; said they
didn't want any constitution, governor, or law and order, anyhow,
out here in California, and they gave us to understand that if we
Yanks undertook that sort of business they would clean us out.
At the meeting they tried to scare us out, but found we didn't scare
worth a cent. So you see, boys, when they started in to lynch the
darky, Bartlett, me and my pard concluded that they jest shouldn't
do anything of the kind. But, pshaw, we didn't run so much risk
335

33^1 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA,
as you think, for we kaew that kiad of a crowd. AVhy, when they
see me runaiag over on top of their heads, with my knife in between
ray teeth to cut the rope, they kaew right off that sorae of thera
deraed Yaaks were arouad and they had better take keer, aad they
did, too.' "
"But the best of it was," said Pike, "to see old Schowtoa, the
sheriff, aad the whole crowd jest go for the brush when Buraes
throwed the rope over the darkey's head, aad thea jerked him up into
the top of the oak tree. Yes, and the judge, jury, sheriff aad all
haads ran a race to see who would get into the brush first."
" Well, but where were you and Yank all this time?" asked an
other. " Well, I reckon' we made for the brush, too, aad I jest thought
there was agoia' to be some shootin', sure, for there was more than
thirty of that crowd aloag with Buraes, but whea they seea them
two little chaps comin' up the hill agin with the darkey, one on
each side of hira, with their guns in their haads, they jest wilted."
" Do you reraeraber the chap, Joe Hart, who had that rich claim ia
White Rock cafloa, up near Haagtowa," Yaak asked. " It was in
'50 that they said he had $60,000 worth of dust salted dowa at that
tirae. Well, blamed if I dida't raeet hira oa Market street, in Saa
Fraacisco, with a back-load of brooras. He was peddliag brooms,
aad told me that he could make a very good living, that is if he
wern't very particular about how good he lived, .-^nd oae day I
was ridiag in one of the street cars, aad who in thunder do you
s'pose was driving it ? Why, old Varmount, as we used to call the
Uttle chap who had' such a big claira at Forest HIU in '56. He
weat in sorae kind of business down thar, and when his money
gave out his business followed suit, and he got a job of car driving
for a living. I tell you it isn't aay use for an old miner to go down
there with his dust to go into busiaess amoag strangers. There
are lots of chaps down there who are just laying for that kind of
game. They had better keep their dust up here, aad help build up
aad iraprove the old wora-out aad deserted raining regions.
" For I tell you what it is: up here araong these old hills is just
going to be the garden spot of California. No finer cliraate in the
world, or soil that is aay better for raisiag fruit, grape viaes, or kids
either. I just reckoa that we old Forty-niners will live to see the
time when all these old hills, flats and ravines where we used to

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

337

DICK ARNOLD RESCUING BARTLETT.

338 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
mine, which we have tramped over for so many years prospecting,
will all be levelled off, fenced in, and planted with vines and fruit
trees. Yes, they will sure; for people are just now coming from the
East, and it won't be long before you will see railroads running up
into all these old deserted mining regions, just as there is soon
going to be up into old Hangtown. Just imagine the bell ringing,
and the engine whistling as it flies up through the ravines among
the hills where we mined in early days. Why, boys, suppose when
we were up there to work forty years ago, sorae of the boys had
said that the time would come, and we would live to see it, when
these hills and flats would be fenced in, covered with fruit trees and
vines, and with nice pleasant homes around in among them, and
that a railroad would be built, and a train of cars would be seen
rolling up into old Hangtown, too. Why, they would have been
called crazy, and the preachers would have been sent for to come
and hold.aa inquest over them."
As it was now getting late in the day, a few of the old miners
who had fruit ranches near by were soon compelled to leave. The
five old-timers were making preparations to start for other rtiiniag
localities. Jeff was oa his way to Arizoaa, having heard of the new
mines there. Yank was about starting for the Yucon. Jersey was
headed for the Cbsur D'Alene silver regioa, where he Was iaterested
in a galena and silver mine, from which he was expecting to realize
an iraraense fortune, whilst Tennessee and Jim had concluded to
exaraine the Kootenai country, ia British Columbia. Jeff remarked:
" Well, now, boys, we are soon to part again, each to go his own
way, but all deterrained to continue in the old business of pros
pectiag to the ead, unless we strike a pile in time to enjoy a few
years before we go, relief frbm our labor in quiet and comfort down
in the big city by the sea."
" Yes," says Yank, " and we will continue in this busiaess for
all time. And just let the present generation hand it down to their
children, and to their children's children, as well as to all future
generations -who will make their dwelling places throughout the
old miniag regions, that those phantoms that are occasioaally seen
wandering about among the ravines aad cafioas in the dead hours
of night, carrying upon their backs rolls of blankets, as well as an
old tin pan, pick and shovel, are oaly the restless spirits of a few
old miners who are, from force of habit, hunting for some spot

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

339

F
if".*?
k
...ji^.^
" -f' J. ^ s
WALLACE, IDAHO TERRITORY.
(See page, 302)
340 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
where they can get a few colors to the pan, and find the bed rock
pitching. They are the spirits of Jeff, Yank, Old Pike, Tennessee,
Jersey and Jira, the old Forty-niners."
It is now forty years since a few thousands of hardy adventurers
sailed out upon the broad ocean from the various sea ports on the
Atlantic coast, aad also about an equal number of thousands
crossed the barren plains in that eventful and long - to - be-
. remembered year of 1849, to follow upon the trail of the Star of the
Westward-bound Empire, which, tradition said, was coursiag across
. the coatiaent, aad which was supposed to have fiaally set some
where upon the Pacific Coast. And what a transfofmatioa has
takea place siace their arrival upoa the shores of Califoraia ! Here,
where we first landed, where all appeared like a vast array eacamp-
meat, with the sand hills dotted with teats, we aow fiad, in place of
those primitive and original conditions, a great city, the founda
tions of which were laid by those original tent-dwellers, and which
has ia a few short years spruag iato existence as if impelled by
some magical-hidden subterranean iaflueace ia the mouatain re
gions. And it is this magical influence, more potent than the lamp
of Aladdia, which has accomplished such woaderful traasformatioas
ia so short a space of time that we have come thousaads of miles
by sea, as well as across barrea sands and deserts, to seek, for the
widely scattered fragments of the once richly paved streets of the
"New Jerusalera."
These wonderful traasforraatioas are aot, however, coafiaed to
the few large cities of the plaias, or to those the fouadations of
which are laid by the sea, but are visible over the eatire couatry,
for even amoag the hills and raountains ranges, as well as in the
broad and rich valley bottoms, can now be seea the pleasaat homes
and resideaces of the faraier, the fruit, aad the vine grower. There
caa also be seea occasioaally the homes of those who are yet en
gaged in the raining industry. There can yet be seen, also, araong
the deep ravines, upon the level spots of the steep sides of the
caflons, and ia other localities, the ruins of the oace pleasaat homes
of the old Forty-niners; but these have, in the great majority of
cases, like the greater number of their once happy and energetic
occupaats, goae to decay. Maay of thera, however, yet exist
in form, and to all outward appearaaces, frora a distance, have an
air of usefulness aad solidity; but upoa a nearer approach it will be

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

341

PHANTOM PROSPECTORS.

342 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
fouad that the fouadation only reraains; the bark upon the old logs
has rotted and fallen off, aad the decayed logs have aseedy, anti
quated appearance. The once palatial residences of the old-timers,
which have withstood the storms and battled with the elements for
nearly forty years, are now, like many of their former occupants,
existing oaly ia form. They have fought the fight and have won,
and raaay of thera are yet in existence, roaraing upon various por
tions of the earth's surface, reserabling in their seedy and anti
quated appearance the old logs of their ancient castles among the
mountian ranges, and like these requiring but a slight push or a
gentle breeze to throw thera from their foundations into the ravine
below. Yet there is, after all, araong the old Forty-niners a great satis
faction when, frora a coramanding eminence or standing upon the
rugged cliff of some mountain peak, the Argonaut can take a view
of the surrounding country spread out before hira below, and see
the pleasaat horaes upon the flats, araong the ravines and sunny
slopes of the hillsides of the once thickly populated mining region.
The country that once was dreary and desolate, aow covered with
exteasive forests of fruits and vineyards ; aad away further back
amoag the hills, where formerly dwelt the grizzly and other wild
aaimals, can now be seen the cabias of the herders with their im
mense droves of cattle aad flocks of sheep. Ia the valleys below
he caa see fields of waving grain, and the railroad trains rushing
through thera in various directioas, filled with travelers frora all
parts of the world who have come to view this wonderful trans
formation scene. He includes, also, in the view the great cities be
yond, which have risen duriag this brief period, aad are aow filled
with a busy crowd, all engaged ia fierce warfare, eadeavoriag to see
who will get there first, aad ia which aone are anticipating that they
will get left.
All this the old-timer views frora his lofty perch upon the moun
tain sumrait, and with these thoughts running in his mind :
" Although I am not at present in a suitable conditioner circum
stances to take an active part in the busy scene, or even to mingle
with the well-dressed crowds that are promenading the streets of
the great cities (for the stylish plug hat that I sported in my early
mining days has long since been jammed and knocked out of shape
by my mining acquaintances, ray store clothes are ia tatters, and

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 343
my biled shirt and fancy necktie also have long since faded and
gone), yet there is consolation in the thought that I assisted by my
labor to lay the foundation of all this grand panorama, in motion
below me. And amid the solid rocks which forra the foundation,
and beneath the corner-stone upon which the whole fabric rests,
will be found the results of my labor, cheerfully contributed towards
the erection of this grand and noble structure."
To an old-tiraer, the wonderful changes and transformations
which have taken place within, apparently, so short a space of
tirae are hard to reaUze; aad oae who has followed the busiaess of
miaing, more particularly for many years, finds it difficult, even, to
grasp the fact that so many long years have come and goae siace
he first landed upon the shores of the country.
But why does life seem so short to the rainer, and why do the
years seem to crowd so quickly upon each other, and to pass in
such rapid succession ? That such, however, is the case, and that
we grow up araid the exciteraent of such conditioas unconscious
of the existence of tirae, all old miners can testify to. We find
that before we are aware of it our hair is tinged with gray; our
children grown up arouad us; they, la their turn are married, and
lo, and behold, we, the old-tiraers, who have remained unconscious
of the fact that time will not even wait for a Forty-niner, are to our
astonishment informed that we have attained at last to that period
of our existence when we can adopt the title of father with the
grand ia froat of it. But why does tirae pass so rapidly with those
who are engaged in mining ? Is it in the climate ? No, but in the
industry which we follow. We read ia Pope that raan never is, but
always to be, blessed, and this applies to the business of mining
with full force; for the miaer never has yet, but always is just going
to strike it. It is always just a little ahead, and so it continues to
the miner, for but a small proportion of them ever reach it. Yet
the continuation of daily, weekly and yearly anticipations, as yet
unrealized, but which are soon to be, causes time to pass unobserv
ed, aad the old Forty-niner, who, in his imagination, has been here
but a few short years, finds to his astoaishmeat, when the little ones
are climbing over him, pulling his whiskers and calling him " Grand
pa," when he comes to think of it, as old Pike would say, that he
has been here a right sraart chance.
But the old miner might ask if this is not true of all other kinds

34* THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
of business, or of human affairs in geaeral, as well as thebusiness
of mining ? No, only to a limited extent, although, 'tis true enough,
as observation and experience shows us, thatthe continual expecta
tion of the satisfaction of our desires is the fundamental base of
all human action; the one great incentive to exertion. We find,
however, that whilst a reasoaable length of tirae in which to satisfy
our desires is allowed and expected in all other kinds of business,
in mining the^ case is reversed. And it was for this reason that
thousands left their Eastern homes, upon the discovery of gold in
California, believiag it possible that gold' in large quaatities could
be scraped up frora the surface of the earth ia a very short space of
time. If a proper knowledge of gold mining had been as well un
derstood at that time as has siace been acquired by dearly-
bought experience, and that oaly about the same proportion of
persons would have succeeded in it as was possible ia aay other
business requiring the sarae space cf time for its developraent,
the emigration to this Coast would have been rauch less in
early days. The araount extracted frora the mines would, no
doubt, have been the same and- with similar effects, perhaps. At
any rate, the expectations of the early pioneers would have been
more reasonable, and disappointments in the business of mining
would have been less, since they would have corresponded with
such expectations.
In view of the fact that forty years have now elapsed since the
exciting news was wafted across the continent that gold had been
discovered upon the Pacific Coast, it would be of great interest to
know what has become of this vast array of gold seekers, the Ar
gonauts, who left their friends and horaes in th,e year '49.
The estiraate has 'been made that the number of vessels which
saUed from the. Atiantic seaports of the United States in the year
'49, including steamers bound for California, was soraething near
400. The nuraber of persons, including the emigration across the
plains in '49, therefore, who left their Eastern horaes in the year '49
to seek their fortunes upon this side of the continent, must have been
.nearly 60,000. Taking an estimate of those whoare now living,
and of those who joined the various Pioneer Associations, it would
be safe to conclude that there are living at present of that vast
multitude, at least 15,000. About 8,000 of thera are living upon the
Pacific Coast, while the greater portioa of the reraainder are scattered

IHE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

345

THE FLIGHT OF TIME,

346 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
throughout the United States from Bangor, Maine, to New Orleans
on the south, and to Colorado ia a westerly direction.
The greater portion of the Argonauts are making their homes
in the towns and cities, where very raany of thera are yet engaged in
active business; while a journey throughout the agricultural dis
tricts of the Pacific Coast will discover the fact that large numbers
are engaged in farming in all its various branches of grain, fruit
and stock raising. In some of the mining counties will be found,
also, many of the old-timers who have abandoned the business of
mining, and are now engaged in the fruit industry, and in many
cases, too, in the very same localities where they mined long years
ago. They have filled up the deep shafts, levelled off the piles of
rocks and tailings, and by means of brush dams have restored
again to their original condition the barren and stony places which
were washed out in the search for gold.
A visit to sorae of the now deserted mining camps throughout
the mining regions, will bring to light many of the old pioneers who
are yet lingering around the spot where they first located upon
their arrival, loath to break away from their first and earliest asso
ciations, and content to remain and live over again, in imagination,
the early mining days, with their pleasing incidents and associa
tions. Of the Argonauts who are at present engaged in mining the
number would be found small, not exceeding, perhaps, 500. But
they are scattered throughout the length aad breath of the Pacific
Coast, wherever there is a prospect of new mining discoveries, from
Mexico to the Arctic Ocean, and a few of them will be found in
every mining camp of any importance.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

347

" HOW DO YOU DO, WILLIAM ? "

CHAPTER XXIV.

The Return — Great Changes.
Jo. — Good morning, William, how do you do ?
William. — Very well, very well, I thank you, but you have the
advantage of me, sir.
Jo. — Why; don't you remember Jo, your old chum ?
W. — What! is this Jo ? is it possible ? so it is, so it is. When did
you arrive from California ?
Jo. — I have just arrived.
W. — Did you return by water, Jo ?
Jo, — Oh, no! I came by rail across the continent.
W. — Well, I suppose there are a great raany of the boys of '49
still living in California and intending to end their days there, are
there not ?
Jo. — Oh, yes, there are several thousand reraaining upon the
Pacific Coast, and they all seera contented with their new horaes.
W. — WeH, how many are there now living of the Forty-niners;
have you any idea, Jo ?
Jo. — Judging from the number of those who are now living
who joined the Pioneer Associations in the various States, there must
be at least about 15,000,
W. — WeU, that was a grand and pleasarit adventure, the depart
ure of so many thousands for the other side of the continent to
search for gold, wasn't it ? and I suppose you boys all enjoyed it,
too, and profited by the experience ?
Jo. — Yes, we certainly did, and I doubt if there was ever in the
history ofthe world an adventure similar in character and magnitude,
and which created such wonderful effects as the gold discovery of
California, for as far as our observation extends, the existence of
such another vast gold field is improbable, unless it may be that in
the unexplored regions of Africa rich gold fields may exist, but
even if such discoveries should be made, such are the numbers and
318

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

349

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the return
350 THE ARGONAUTS' OF CALIFORNIA. . ..."
character of the savage tribes that inhabit those regions, they would
be of little value to the civilized world.
W. — Well, I suppose you observe the great changes that have
taken place here upon this side of the continent since you left forty
years ago ?
Jo. — Yes, indeed, I do, and 'tis difficult to realize the great
changes that have takea place in so short a space of time, and which
are visible when crossing the continent frora Hangtown to Jersey,
for towns and cities have sprung iato existence, and sections of the
country are now thickly populated where but a few short years ago
were barren desert places, occupied only by roving bands of savages.
And all of these changed conditions are due to the gold discovery
in California, W, — Yes, yes, you are right, and it was the raeans also, through
the energy of you gold diggers, of building up a great and a pros
perous country upon the other side of the continent, as well as pro
ducing a condition of prosperity over the entire country. But, Jo,
I want you to tell me why it is that so few of you old pioneers suc
ceeded in your expectations of obtaining great wealth iri a country
where so much gold was dug fromthe earth, forit seems to me that
you are the ones who should have been the most successful.
Jo. — Yes, it does seem so, but if we did not succeed in holding
on to what we dug from the earth, at any rate we have the satisfac
tion of knowing that our friends here in the East got their share of
it in the course of their business transactions.
W. — Oh, well, that's very generous of you old miners, and no
doubt is a 'great satisfaction.
Jo. — Yes, and I hope that you received your share; did you not ?
W. — Oh, well, yes, yes, moderately! only moderately so .; but
thea I've no cause to complain; no cause to complain. But tell me,
Jo, why it was that you boys who dug it out of the earth didn't
keep your share, too ?
Jo. — ^That I will endeavor to do if you will explain to me why it
was that after we had dug it from the earth, and had shipped it to
you here in the East by the ton, so small a proportion of you suc
ceeded in getting a share of it ?
¦^. — Does the idea seem to strike you that our great prosperity
here is not general, and that only a small portion of us are enjoy
ing the advantages of the great gold circulation.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 351
Jo. — ^Yes, from all the evidences, with a money circulation of
nearly fifteen hundred raillions of gold that has been sent to you
here at the East, there does not appear to exist a general pros
perity, for the strikes, the great labor organizations, and the various
theories adopted by your agitators and explained frora the plat
forra are evidence of the fact that a great portion, at least, do not
share in the general prosperity. Now, why is this ?
W.- — ^Well, I must adrait that such is really the case, and that
there should exist so much poverty with such a great money circu
lation is difficult of comprehension. Can you explain the phenom
enon, Jo?
Jo. — Hardly, WiHiam, for you know that it is the business of
the rainer to dig the gold from the earth only, and for the business
men of the country, who use it, to devise the proper means for its
use and distribution.
W. — Yes, that is true enough, true enough; and that it is not
equally distributed, and that all portions of our country and per
sons do not share inthe use and possession of it, is, in my opinion,
an evidence that the conditions created by the iraproper use of it
are not well understood. Is that your opinion ?
Jo. — That may be possible. Will you explain further ?
W. — Yes. All of these dissensions that exist among us, such
as the land-reform agitators, the socialist and the labor organiza
tions, strikes, the anarchist with his borab, as well as the inclina
tion to monkey with dynamite generally, by a certain class of men,
are but the effects (indirectly, perhaps,) of the great amount of our
gold circulation.
jo.^-I see, William, that you still entertain the sarae old Puri
tanical notions of too much money, and all of our labor has been
in vain, then.
W. — Oh, no, your labor has not been in vain, Jo. Send us all
the gold from California that you possibly can, for the annual yield
frora your mines is hardly sufficient now to make up for wear and
tear, and for what is sent to foreign countries. What I mean is,
that there is too much gold in circulation to the ratio of silver, for
the general good, -" ¦
. Jo.  Then, in your opinion, if there was agreater amountof
silver in circulation to the ratio of gold it would change these un
natural conditions that now exist ?

352 .THE ARGONAUTS OF. CALIFORNIA.
,W. — Yes, I most certainly do, Jb.
Jo. — Will you explain why ?
W. — Well, observation shows us that the great bulk of the gold
from California seems to concentrate in the chief towns and
cities. Now this, of course, is to the advantage of the bankers
and capitalists generally, and is the chief reason why that class of
men advocate the single standard. .Now 'tis plain to see the effect
of this, for we all have a desire to obtain gold, and it was that reason,
and to satisfy that desire, that seat thousaads of you boys around
Cape Horn and across the barren deserts to California, was it not ?
Jo. — Well, yes, that was the case.
W. — Aad with the desire to acquire wealth in the easiest and
quickest maaner possible, aad with the least labor, now wasn't that
the idea, Jo ?
Jo. — That was our idea of it, Williara.
W. — Well since the greater portion of the gold from your mines
flows into the towns and chief cities, and to linger there, and since
all have the desire to get a share of it in the easiest and quickest
manner, and with as little exertion as possible, it is therefore evi
dent that in order to do so, it was necessary, to go into the towns and
cities after it, was it not '
Jo. — That must be the conclusion.
W. — Now this increased gold circulation had the effect of stim
ulating all the various industries ; this created a demand for labor,
raised the price of it, and brought to our shores the surplus laborers
of Europe who desired to get their share of it, but this was not all, Jo,
for the laborers of the farraing districts all over the country rushed
into the big cities also, and these are the evil effects produced. Why,
you ask? because this concentration of labor from foreign larids and
from the agricultural districts into our great cities created an over
supply of labor which is the direct cause of all these dissensions
among us. Now don't you have that idea of it, Jo?
Jo. — Well, perhaps you are right, and in your opinion the circu
lation of silver to an araount equal to gold will reraedy the evil, is
that it ?
W. — ^Yes, yes, but don't speak too loud or my associates in the
bank over there may overhear our conversation, and censure me
for holding opinions and advocating a policy that would be rather
detrimental to our business.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 353
Jo. — What! you a banker, Williara ?
W. — Oh, yes, in a small way.
Jo. — Well, then, I can return your compliment by saying that it
is very generous in you to advocate a policy for the general good
that would be detrimental to your business.
W. — Yes, yes, but I think the time is soon coming when 'twill be
necessary to adopt such a policy, for the present gold circulation
is bringing into existence such a state of affairs that a reaction raust,
frora the nature of things, take place. But I do not wish you to in
fer, Jo, that the great abundance of gold that you rainers have sent
us has been the direct cause of such unnatural conditions ; by no
means, but it is in the manner of using it. Now you know that if
you should spread upon some barren sandy spot certain fertilizing
substances, with a little water, and fail to properly prepare and culti
vate the ground, that weeds and poisonous plants will come into ex
istence upon the spot, these plants are entirely useless, perhaps, but
this fact does not prove thatthe fertiUzing substance was an injury
by any means, but only that it was improperly used, and just so it
is with gold and silver. These metals are the fertilizers for all
human industries, and the various socialist theories, labor organiza
tions, strikes, etc., are the obnoxious weeds brought into existence
by its improper use. Now, am I not right, Jo ?
Jo. — That may be the case, but, please tell me, William, why the
greater circulation of silver will change such conditions.
W. — Well, for the reasons that silver will circulate more freely
among the working classes, and also in the country among the
small villages and farmers.
Jo. — Can you give good reasons why silver would circulate more
freely, and to a much greater extent in the agricultural districts than .
gold? Wm. — Certainly, certainly I can; for the reason why gold con
centrates into the great centers of population is because it can be
used to much better advantage by the bankers, brokers aad our
larger business houses in the cities ; it is easier to handle in large
sums, requires less space for its storage, and its value being raore
uniform than silver there is therefore less risk in hoarding it up;
these are the principal reasons why a single gold standard is more to
the interest of the business community, and to us bankers in par
ticular.

354 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Jo. — Now please explain the effects which will be produced upon
the country generally, and how such changed conditions will be
created by the circulation of a greater proportion of silver, for even
granting, as you maintain, that silver will circulate more freely among
the farmers, why will this fact create a change for the better ?
W, — Well, it is plain, Jo, that the less is the gold in circulation to
the ratio of silver the less will be the facilities for acquiring it, for
since the bankers, etc., will have little desire to hoard upthe latter,
the greater will be its circulation, and for this reason wiU circulate
more freely among the working men, as well as among the farming
community. Jo. — Well, granting that it will, as you say, give to the agricul
tural districts an increased circulation of money, what good effects
are to result ?
W, — Now, here is just the point, Jo, fo' is it not plain that our
single standard gold circulation has caused very injurious effects
upon such remote portions of the country, and which proves that the
great prosperity is not general, by any means. That it has built up
large cities is very true, as well as transportation facilities, by build
ing thousands of miles of railroads, but how about the farming in
dustry of the country ? Should not that also receive its proper
share of prosperity enjoyed by the thicker settled portions of the
country ? I should think so, shouldn't you, Jo ?
Jo. — Why, yes, I should certainly think so.
W. — WeU, but how does the case stand ? Whilst a few persons
have been enabled to acquire immense wealth in our large cities,
the greater portion of our farming lands from Maine to Iowa are
heavily mortgaged, and here in the New England States an entire
new order of things has been inaugurated, for the sons and daugh
ters of the farmers have gone into the cities in order to acquire
wealth by an easier method than farming, and the farraing lands,
which were alraost entirely deserted by the younger ones, are fall
ing into the hands of foreigners, and in some portions of the coun
try at the West it is irapossible to procure labor sufficient to' harvest
the crops. Havn't you observed this in your traveling about the
country, Jo?
Jo. — Yes, I have, for only a short tirae since I visited a district
where I once lived, in the State of New York, and I found that
about aH who are now living there upon the farms are the old peo-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 355
pie. The younger ones have nearly all gone into the towns and
cities to engage in business, to learn trades and professions. I must
say that in the absence of the younger members of the couatry it
gives to it a sad aad a dreary look, aad ia sorae few cases a very
desolate appearaace, for I saw a portioa of the couatry which forty
years ago was rich farming land, but such is its condition now that
if a resident of the saady sage-brush lands of Colorado or Utah
epuld be transported aad placed upoa it, he would feel perfectly
coateated, aad would not pine for his Western home.
They tell rae also that it is almost impossible to obtain assistance
to harvest their crops, and in many cases are compeUed to send
to New York for foreign laborers. Yes, 'tis evident, Williara,
that great changes have taken place in the past forty years, at least
in this portion of the country. Whilst visiting that section of the
country I raet an old lady, a forraer school-mate, and she spoke of
the changes that had taken place in a sad tone.
" Oh," said she, "this is-not the couatry that it was ia our day,
for the youag people all leave the farras for the big cities as soon
as they get old enough."
In answer to my inquiry in relation to a few of my former com
panions she said :
"They all went into the towns aad cities; some learned to be
doctors and some to be lawyers; someone thing and some another.
Do you remeraber Sara Hobbs ? Well, he got to be head engineer
in a sausage factory and made lots of money. And then there is Al
Peck; you remember him, of course ? Well, he was up here on a
visit a few years ago dressed up in the finest rig, with his gold
watch, and diaraond pin and things. He said that he was superin
tendent of a gin-fizz mill, if you know what that is, for I ara sure
I don't. Well, Al is real kind aad teader-hearted, for he did syra
pathize with John so rauch because he had to rake hay out in the
hot sun, and then he pitied us all so rauch, too, because we were
corapelled to live way out here in the country so far frora the city,
that it was really distressing to hear him.
"Ah, yes," she continued, "but those were happy days. What
gay times we had in the winter, and how we all did enjoy, piling
into the big sleigh and going to the singing-schools aad parties
around the country, as well as to the apple and the husking bees,
too. ButaH of those pleasant times are past, Jo. I don't^believe

356 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
that you could get enough young raen and girls together now
around here in the country to start one of them old-fashioneci kiss
ing bees."
And my old school corapanion has a good raemory, too, Williara,
for she continued by asking :
" Do you remember, Jo, the husking bee that you had in your
father's big barn ? 'Twas in '48, 1 think, the year before you started
for California. I reraeraber weH, Jo, how you went the day before
and hid away in a handy place a whole bushel of red ears of corn
and got raore thari your share of the fun. How selfish that was in
you, wasn't it, Jo, to go and leave the other boys shivering out in
the cold ? Oh, weH, I suppose you have long since repented of it;
havn't you ?"
I told the old lady that I certainly had, but said I :
" Mary, although 'tis a pleasure to recall to raind such pleasing
incidents aad events of our boyhood days, yet as we advance in
years we often have cause to grieve for neglect-jd opportunities in
the pas:, and in recaUing to raind the little incident you have men
tioned, with its happy surroundings, pretty girls and a bushel of
cora, there comes over me a feeliag of sadness and of sorrow that
I dida't — "
" Dida't what, Jo ? " she asked.
"That I dida't make it two bushels instead of one," I answered.
W. — Well, it is very evident that the conditons under which we
are now existing must be changed, for society, as well as the future
welfare of our country, deraands it.
Jo. — Well, what is your opinion of the various theories advanced
by George, Bellaray and others. Would they not afford relief if
adopted ?
W. — That is possible, but a transient relief only, for they do not
reraove the absolute cause of it all; these reraedies advocated by
them are to our national, political and social organizations, what the
drug of the physician is to the human or physical organization ;
while they may afford relief, they do not effect a permanent cure,
or reraove'the cause of the disease. Now, according to our present
state and condition of affairs, whilst our coraraercial interests are of
first iraportance, and the building up of our great cities, with their
14 and 16 story buildings the chief aim and consideration, the agri
cultural interests are entirely overlooked, and rich farming districts

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 357
are almost entirely depopulated or occupied by a foreign race, I know
that to the great mass of bustling business men in our cities, these
facts seem of very trifling importance, but, Jo, what would your gold
of California be good for without the products of the soil to give it
value, for the value of gold and silver is dependent upon, and de
termined entirely by, the amount of such productions. Why, Jo, if
the wheat crop of the world should from any cause be reduced one-
half, the amount of gold in circulation being relatively greater it
would consequently be cheaper, and would require a hatful of it to
purchase a barrel of flour, and if the crops were an entire failure
you couldn't sell your gold for raore than 25 cents a bushel,
Jo, — I don't exactly understand why it is, or what possible rea
son these socialist reforiners can have for raaintaining that the
private ownership of land is the chief cause of the existence of
poverty and distress araong us, when there are raillions of acres of
unoccupied lands now open to settleraent, with labor in demand in
the farming districts, as well as good opportunities for renting, leas
ing, or for working upon shares good farming lands within a short
distance frora our large cities.
W. — Yes, yes, that is all true enough, but these agitators in say
ing that the private ownership of land is the cause of poverty have
no reference whatever, Jo, to farming lands, but only to city lots,
for their ideas do aot extead beyoad the city limits. Why, did you
ever hear of oae of these mea advisiag the uaemployed workiag-
mea to go iato the couatry, occupy the public Iaads, and Uve by
the cultivation of the soil? No, you never did.
Jo. — Well, I suppose that it would be a useless undertaking to
try to induce persons, even those who were brought up and raised
upon a farm (as no doubt the great raajority of the idle raen in your
cities.were), to leave the bustle and exciteraent of a city life and to
live in soUtude upoa a farra. ¦
W. — Yes, no doubt it would, aad could hardly be expected of
thera; but the inducemeats should be such that the risiag geaera-
tion of the farraing districts will be satisfied and content to reraain
there in the future, and this can in my opinion be accomplished by
remitting all taxes upon farming land for a certain number of
years, that is, upon such lands as are. located in the more reraote
sections of the country, and including, of course, also the adoption
of the double standard, of raoney.

358 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Jo, — Do you mean that the present raoney circulation should be
increased by an equal araount of silver ?
Wra.— Oh, no, no! I don't believe that our money circulation
should be increased one dollar, but that a certain amount of silver
should be substituted in place of the same amount of gold to be
withdrawn from circulation ; this, as I said before, would have the
effect of causing a more extended circulation of money throughout
the country, which again would have the effect of creating a wider
field for the distribution of labor. Now, am I not right, Jo ?
jo._Yes, I think you are, and the good effects that would re
sult would be only a question of time. But allow me to ask if there
do not exist other causes why the sons aad daughters of the
farmers are so ready to leave their horaes aad crowd iato the towns
and cities, besides the desire to raake raoney easier and quicker ?
W. — Oh, yes ! Yet these other causes are the effects of the
causes before mentioned, for the farmers themselves, the great
majority of thera, look upon farming as simply a business specula
tion, aad that it is really necessary to make all the money possible
in order to make it pay ; this kind of farraing raeans hard work for
all, aad drudgery for the woraea folks, and to escape frora it the
only refuge is the city; but that ain't farming, Jo.
Jo. — No, it is not. Whilst up in the country I made a visit to a
farm house where I often visited in early days, and the old lady had
much to say about the desolate appearance of the country now that
the younger ones had all left. "Well," says she " the farraers them
selves are the cause of it all, for all they thought about was what
money they could raake off the farm, and they didn't seem to realize
that there was any use at all in trying to fix up the place for a
pleasant home for the boys and girls, that would induce them to
remain with us; our boys have been gone now for raany years, and
rather than to see the girls worn out with this endless drudgery,
I advised them several years ago to go into the village and work in
the factory.
" Oh, yes," she contiaued "we have the farm here yet, what
there is left of it, but it wouldn't sell for enough now to pay off the
mortgage; do you see yonder the 50-acre lot where we used to
raise such large crops of corn; it is all covered now with weeds and
briars for ithas been farmed to death, and just see the poor crows sit
ting on the fence beyond ; they, too, seem to realize the situation,

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 359
and every little while they fly over the cornfield and wonder, I sup
pose, why the boys don't start to planting corn. I really pity them."
The old lady continued by saying " farming is not now what it
was when I was a girl; then the farmers took a pride in fixing up
and making the house and grounds attractive, and there was a
pleasure then in living upon the old homestead until we children all
got married and moved away. WeH, I am thankful that my
girls didn't marry farmers; they are not wealthy, they both married
mechanics down in the village; they have nice comfortable homes
and pretty children ; are happy, and I ara contented, and I expect
that we will soon raove down into the village, too, for there is a raan
here who wants to take the place to work upon shares for a few
years, and I guess he can have it as long as he wants it."
W. — Yes, the picture you have drawn of that section of the coun
try, Jo, will apply equally as well to other parts of the country,
for the great desire to make money by farming has been the ruin
of some of our most valuable farraing lands. WeH, I raust leave
you now, but please tell me, Jo, why you brought your miniag tools
with you ? Did you expect to strike a lead on the way across the
continent ?
Jo. — WeH, yes, I thought it possible. How is the bed rock over
there under your bank, pitching ?
W,  Yes, but we don't allow any prospecting or panning around
there ; call in and see us, Jo, but don't bring your mining tools
along, so good-day.

NAMES OF PIONEERS.

Following are the naraes pf Merabers of the Pioneer Association
of San Francisco:
A— A G Abell, W Ayer, T N Allen, J P Ames, Dr Austin, O Allison,
W Armstrong.Mrs W Armstrong, J S G Armstrong, W Aukers, F Adams,
L S Adams, J M Aguirre, J N Applegate, H B Atkins, J B Atkinson,
J F Attwell, D S Austin, E Avery, Eugene Avy, J J Ayres, B J Acker
man, J C Angell, H G Austin.
B — L W Bonestel, S A Bishop, J C Birdseye, F Billings, J Bensley,
J A Bauer, T L Barker, L L Baker, J M Buffington, W H Bovee,
E T Beans, A J Badlam, J Brickell, J Britton, A BuH, A Badlam, .
J Beckhart, W Bortwell, G H Baker, I M Baker, R S Baker, F Balhaus,
W P Barnes, A Barstow, C Baum, E F Beale, C A Brooks, A Beice
J Burnett, W L Beebee, Z Bates, T W Bowen, B A Becker, S L Beck
with, J F Bekeart, F P Belcher, J Belden, J Benson, C A Bernard,
J G Birge, C M Blake, C T Blake, I Blum, I Bluxome, J Boggs, C De
Boice, C D Bonestel, G Bonny, L A Booth, F G Borneman, J B Bourne,
A C Bradford, G B Bradford, A B Brady, T W Brennan, S Buckingham,
A D Biggs, A J Biglow, Levi Bashford, T N Brand, F A Brightman,
R E Brewster, E Briggs, W R Briggs, R Bright, G Brown, R Brown,
R H Brown, J Browning, E N Bryan, W J Bryan, E P Buckley, S N Bu
ford, G Burdell, I Burk E Burke, J W Burnham, I Burns, C N Burton,
J M Byrne, G Backus, H Bacon, L F Baker, M M Baldwin, Ira Brown,
J A Brammer, W L Bracket, IV L Boadly, W R Band, J H K Barbour,
A S Barber, M O Barber R Bascom, A J Bailey, G H Beach, J M Bed
ford, N Benedict, H Bense. J P Bering, C Barhean, L G Bingham,
P U Blunt, F Boehmer, J P Bogardus, C K Bonstel, E Bonnell, H Bou.
ton, J N Boyd, W Bradford, J S Bramley, A Brand, S Breck, M B Bul
lard, R W Briggs, T L Briggs, W Brooks, Jo Brown, J Brown, W F Buck
ley, P K Brown, C F Bull, A H Burton, W E Burton, D Bush,
J P Bush.W E Bushnell.
Q — P Caduc, W Cantelow, J Caperton, J N Carbonier, A J Cart
wright, W F Cashman, A Chaigneau, C H Chamberlain, G Champlin,
B F Channel, E Chauvin, W A Chessman, E E Chever, A S Church, A
M Church, W H Clark, A Cornell, H A Clawson, A A Coffey, T Cole,

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 361
W T Coleman, S M Collins, W H Conly, W S Cook, J R Coryell, J M
Coughlin, W H V Cronise, E Crowell, S Cunningham, W Cummings,
jr., T Cutler, R W Canfield, B Cartwright, L Cary, F Cassin, H C Cas
tello, S J Clark. S Clark, T P Clark, C D Cleaveland, E B Cooper, A R
Cotton, W Cousins, S H Covert, G M Cowie, J H Grossman, J S Cros
sett, B C Currier, W Cummings, J S Currie, W Currier, J Cushing, H
Cassanover, G Chesley, J Clement, E O Crosby, C Cole, H D Cogswell,
T Caswell, J Center, R Chenery, W T Coleman, P B Cornwall, A Camp
bell, C S Capp, H W Carpentier, J D Carr.
D — G Dornin, W Downie, J Z Davis, Peter Dean, B O Devoe, S P
Derney, H L Dodge, J W Dutton, J O Dominis, W Dunphy, C K
Daugherty, B Davidson, A E Davis. W J Davis, J B Dayton, S Deal, T
R Dean, J R Deane, F P Deering, J De Forest, C Dietrich, T Dillon, J
D Dolan, W B Dolan, P J Donahue, H Donnelly, W G Doolittle, D W
Douthitt, H C Downing, R C Downs, S Drake, J A Drinkhouse, J Du
Bois, C A C 'Duisenberg, , W S Duncan, H Dutard, W Dutton, H A
Dana, J Davis. W G Davis, J H Deering, H Degroot, D D Demerest, J
H Demerest, A P Dennison, A M Dobbie, W B H Dobson, F Doud, N
L Drew, J S Drum, J K Dunbar, F M Durney, A Dyer.
E— J O Earl, J G Eastland, W M Eady, H H Ellis, J Emerie,
W B Ewer, C J Eaton, A Eberhart, D J Edgar, A L Edwards, G H Eggers,
J S Ellis, E E Eyre, C Eastman, C Elsey, W C Ervin, C E Evans.
A M Ebbetts.
F— A T Parish, R S Farrally, G L Faulkner, C Fernald, J H Fish
F Foley, S Folger, C Ford, G W Foster, O H Frank, W Freeborn, M D
Fairchild, W Fallon, D W Fanning, R B Farman, F W Faulkner, C
Fieldstead, P J Finley, J Fleming, W E Fleming, J H Flickinger, W T
Fonda, W Ford, J R Fouratt, J N Fraser, H Fried, J G Fair, j'c Fall,
C F Fargo, W B Farrell, C N Felton, S J Field, A B Forbes, J D
Fry, E B Freeland, H Fowler, J D Fremery,
G — J Gambs, J H Gardiner, J Gardiner, SGardiner, J R Garn iss, C M
Gaskin, A C Gray, W L Geary, D Ghirardelli, J L Gibson C Girvan, J
Gordon, S J Gower, W G Graham, J R Grant, W H Grattan, J Graves,
S C Gray, G W Grayson, E Green, H E Greene, M Gaffney, J S Garcia,
G Gedge, H G Gibson. J Goodridge, H C Goodyear, G S Graham, A
Green, J Green, S M Guyton, N T Graves, CVS Gibbs, S B Gerry, G C
Gorham, G W Gibbs.
H— G Hagar, A S Hall, E Hall, G H Hallett, R M Hamilton, T
Hardy, C H Harrison, W B Harrub, D N Hastings, EOF Hastings' J
Hatch, C Hathaway, H D Hawks, J H Hegler, A Herume, DVB
Henarie, J Hendy, B E Henricksen, J B Henry, C B Henlsey, W Hesse,
E R Highton, W McP Hill, G S Hinsdale, J S Homer, G F Hooper, C

362 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Hosmer, C B Houghton, H D Hudson, S Huff, E Hull, P O Hundley,
W B Hunt, J Huntoon, E P Hutchins, G Hyde, F M Hackett, H Hale,
T Hale, B HaH, G S Hall, G D Hall, D B Hannah, R S Hardin, JAM
Harned, W P Harrington, Wm P. Harrington. D D Harris, J H Harris,
L B Harris, J C Harvey, E W Haskell, J M Haskell, C W Haskins, P
Hastings, J Healy, J F Heeseman, W C Hendricks, S Herrmann, E E
Hewitt, F A Hihn, B HiH, W H Hilton, A F Hinchman, H B Hixson,
J M Hixon, N Holland S W Holladay, G J Hobe, R Hankurst, H High-
ton, J S Hittell, H Havens, E V Hathaway, J G Halock, S C Hastings,
A K P Harmon, J D Hunt, R P Hammond, W D Hunt, Isaac Hyde,
D H Haskell, J S Hager, W I Higgins, B Haynes, D N Hawley.
J — F Jerome, F G E Janssen, A W lee, E B Jerome, J H Jewett,
C Johnson, G A Johnson, J K Johnson, W Jones, R Jordon, R Jacks>
S L James, W Jeftray, J W Jenkins, O Jones, S D Jones, J Jordan,
E B Jorgenson, C Juste,
K-— C J, King, T P Krusbury, J L Kleiser, W Klumpp, G A Knoche,
C W Kraemer, P Kraner, J Kane, J M Keeler, P J G Kenna, J Kier-
man, H Kilham, C P Kimball, T King, C A Kirkpatric, S A Knapp,
J E Knoche, H Koster, A F Krager, F H Krauth, A Kuner, P W Keyser,
H L King, W F Knox, M Kane, E Kruse, J R Kelly T J Knipe,
L— J H Lick, H C Ladd, A O Larkin, A Lask, W B Latham,
B G Lathrop, H W Lawrence, F Lawton, G Leviston, W Leviston,
J T Little, O Livermore, S M Locke, C Lohse, W J Lowry, A Ludlam,
F Lux, W C Lynde, W S Lyon, J Laffin, T T Laine, L Lamberton,
G F Lamsen, J B Larcombe, J V Lawrence, J Lawson, W G Lee, A Leon
ard, H C Leonard, J Lermen, M Levy, H M Lewis, B P Lilenthall
H B Livingston, B F Lowe, H Luchsinger, J B Luther, W T Luther,
P Lynch, J T Little, J F Lohse, C Lohse, A A Louderback, F F Low,
W M Lent, J P Leese, C F Lott, L R LuU, I W Lees.
M — C C Moore, J Moore, J H Moore, T W Moore, T Moore, A P
More, A B Moore, J S Morgan, A J MorreU, O Mowry, N B Mulville,
B D Murphy, P W Murphy, R P Mace, J H Mallett, W G Marcy, J M
Marden, E B Marsh, A Martin, W H Martin, A J Mason, N K Masten,
H Mathews, T J Mattison, P McAdams, F J McCann, J C McCeney, H
McCormick, R McGarvey, J McGuire, R H Mcllroy, J H McKane, J
T McKenzie, H B McNeil, J McPhee, G B Melius, F G Merchant, N
Merrill, R S Mesick, D E Miller, A G Mitchell, G I N MoneH, I A
Moody, LW Moore, A Morateur,W E Morford,S A Morrison, G Morrow,
J Munro, T Murphy, J C Murray, W Murray, H Mygatt, A C Mack, J
A Mack. W Macondray, J Madden, J E Magary, D Mahoney, L Mark-
ley, W Marple, E R Marsellus, D P Marshall, E C Marshall, J L Martell,
M S Martin, S B Martin, T D Mathewson, R H McDonald, J T Mc

' THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 363
DougaH, E McGary, D McKay, S McKee, J McKenty, J B McMinn, C
F Mebius, A Mecartney, W N Meeks, H J Melius, G Metcalfe, S P Mid
dleton, J W Miller, L R Mills, W A Mix, J Moffitt, D B Moody, J L
Moody, J McDonough, A B McCreary, A Mosley, J S Morgan, T W
Mulford, L B Mizner, A Massey, J McComb, H McAUister, C Main, H
N Morse, A Montgomery, R H McDonald, E E W McKinstry, Louis
McLane, N— J A Nichols, J E Nutting, H L NachtigaU, W H Nash, C G
Nickerson, T Niebour, S K Nurse, G D Nagle, J Nightingale, D Nor
cross. 0— J J O'FarreU, H J Ostrander, S Otis. M P O'Connor, J A Oliver,
I Overton, J B Overton.
p — N C Paddock, H Palmer, H C Patridge, G W Patterson, G H
Peck, J B Peck, A S Peterson, J Pforr, G Phillips, Pio Pico, J Pink-
ham, I Polhamus, Jr, E Pooley, O C Pope, G K Porter, H Porter, F H
Pratt, J W Probasco, D B Provost, J Pullman, N W Palmer, H H
Parkell, G C Parkinson, B Pasquale, R Patterson, J H Paty, F S Par
ker, H Paul, R H Paul, J S Peck, W H Peckham, J W PenneU, E S
Perkins, E R Perrin, L Perrin, H E Perrine, G J Phelan, C B Phelps,
H Philips, G Pierson, I B Pine, A Poett, J PownaU, W H Pratt, W W
Presbury, A B Preston, W E Price, S L Prindle, S Purdy, Jr„ C M Plum,
A Powell, W Patton, J Phelan, A E Phelps, T G Phelps, W A Piper.
J F Pope, O C Pratt, L Pickering, J Palache, F Pixley, J Pinkham,
B,— C M Radcliff, F Roland, S S Rowe, I. F Rowell, P R Ryan,
J M Ryder, C F Reed, E P Reed, W F Reed, W I Reed, J Regan,
B J Reid, J Revalk, E B Reynolds, W Richardson, J B Richmond,
J H Robertson, H Robinson, J A Robinson, R Bobinson, G H Rogers,
J Ross, A J Roulstone, W G Rudorff, J H Russell, W M Ryer, C T Ry
land, J H Redington, C Reis, F Reis, E M Root, M R Roberts,
A G Russ, J W Randell, W C Randolph, H Reed, E L Reese, P J Reily,
W Renney, J Ringot, A Robinson, J C Robinson, W Reed,
S — P de Saisset, L Sanborn, J A Schmidt, C Schrath, J G W
Schulte, R M Sherman, W Simmons, J C Scribner, C H Seymour, J
Sickles, C H Simpkins, W Simpson, Rt Simpson, C Smith, R E Snook,
W S Snook, J Snyder, C J Spaulding, J I Spear, J S Spinney, F Soule
Jr, R J Stevens, G W Stilwell, H Storm, C H Stribing, C D Stuart, I
Swain, F S Sunderland, G A Swasy, W F Swasy, E H Sawyer, M Scholl,
L Schorffy, J W Scott, T O Selfridge. J Selling, I N Seuter, W T Sher
man, J Singley, E C Smith, E M Smith, Elijah M Smith, H M Smith,
M Sounes, T Spear, W W Standeford, D Standeford, A M Starr, R
Stege, C Stevens, J F Stirling, E F Stone, L Storry, J Strentzel, C T
Stumcke, M Sullivan, W Summerhays, A Sutter, R S Swanston. A

364 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Selover, G A Shurtieff, L Sloss, D J Staples, J Stanford, R Simso'n, N
Searls, W J Shaw. W N Shelly, J Short, B F Sterrett, C E Stone, C R, ,
Story, C H Stoutenborough, D Standeford, A B Stout, J D Stevenson,
B Shurtieff, B V S.irgant, J P Sargent. O V Sawyer, T B Shannon.
T— J P Taylor, J F Taylor, S N Taylor, W S R Taylor, R Thompson,
R R Thompson, T A Thomsen, J K Thorndyke, H H Thrall, W J Til
ley, F Tillman, A Torrey, W J Towne, E W Travers, J B Truvido, M G
Tucker, A C Taylor, H W Taylor, J N Taylor, H F Teschemacher, G W
Thomas, D W Thompson, I D Thompson, Rt Thompson, W N Thomp-
B K Thorn, H S Tibbey, H N Tilden, W P. Toler, J H M Townsend, G
Treat, R O Tripp, J C Tucker, R M Turner, M H TurriU, W J Tustin,
T Tennent, C Taylor, L Tevis, F TiUman, J H Turney.
U— J C Udall,
Y_W K Van Allen, A W Von Schmidt, W Vandyke, T Vanburen,
W W Vanderbilt, R Vandercook, J C Vandervoot, L Van Orden,
C H Volt, J H Von Schmidt, H Voorman, W Valentine, R N Van Brunt,
J Van Dyk,
'W— W F White, A Williams, J P Wentworth, F Vassault, A Wheeler
E D Wheeler, P White, P Welch, J T Wright, A Weihe, J C L Wads
worth, J Vonbergen, C T Ward, R White, J H Widber, H F Williams,
J C Winans, J M Wood, G S Wright, B F Whittimore, C L WUson,
R Wilson, C S Wood, H Wetherbee, H O Wait, T P Wales, R R Wal
lace, H H Warburton, H C Ward, W H Ware, W Warner, A Wason,
Js W Waters, Jo W Waters, J R Welch, W B West, F E Weston,
J S Wethered, J. M White, S Wood, H H Worley.
Y— I York, W J Younger,
Ex-Members of San Francisco Pioneer Association,
A — John H Adams, WiUiam H Adams, WiUiam Adrian, George
Aikin, David W Alexander, James M AUen, Robert H AUen, Nathan
H Ambler, T Mather Ames, Aug P Anderson, John G Anderson,
William N Anderson, Victor P Andiquet, Myron Angel, Charles A.
Angelo, William C Annan, Joseph Aram, William Arrington, Joseph
Assion, Fred Atkinson, Henry Atwood, Thomas L Aubert, Franklin B.
Austin, Henry Austin.
B — Jefferson T, Babcox, Thomas W Badger, Oscar J Backus, J Snow
den Bacon, Robert P Bagley, John D Bagnall, Hiram S Baldwin, David
L Blanchard, Hypolite Blanchard, John C Bland, Henry G Blankman,
Jaraes E Blethen, I D Bluxome, Edward E Bolton, H Toler Boorem,
Samuel W Booring, Theodore Boschulse, Russel Bourne, Asa M Bowen,
Perley M Bowen, A Bradbury, C H Bradford, Isaac Branham, Thomas
Brannan, James F Breen, John Breen, Simon P Breen, James J A

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 365
Brice, Charles P Briggs, Sebra Briggs, Joseph D Bristol, Alexander
Brizard, George Brooks, J W Brooks, Stephen S Brooks, Walter Brooks,
W H J Brooks, William Brothers, Robert H Brotherton, Samuel Q
Broughton, De Witt C Brown, Fielding C Brown, H S Brown, Richard
Brown ist, Richard Brown 2d, Warren Brown, John Q A Ballou, Domi
nique Baque, Charles Barker, Samuel BarreU, John J Barry, Joseph F
Bassett, MarshaU A K Bates, Morris S Bates, Philip Bates, T G Battaile,
Horace Beach, IDC Beach, John L Beard, Amos F Beardsley, A S
Beaty, Andrew B Beauvais, John S Beener, Edwin Bell, De Witt C
Benham, John M Bennett, R H Bennett, WiUiam C Bennett, Winston
Bennett, E S Benson, Joseph A Benton, R G Berford, Alexander
Beritzhoff, William R Bernard, August Besson, Charles S Biden, Henry
C BidweU, John Bidwell, Andrew J Binney, Isaac Bird, Lewis A Birdsall
Robert Birnie, William W Black, O P Blackman, Calvin T Blake,
WiUiam H Brown, WiUie Bruns, B Bryant, George W Bryant, WiUiam
L Bryant, John C Buchanan, Vincent P Buckley, lames L Bufford, Nor
man Bugbee Albert Buhlert, D S K Buick, John C BuU, Frederick P
Burch, 'William Burgoyne, Peter H Burnett, George M Burnham,
George W Burns, Levi Burr, Cuthbert Burrell, Edward M Burrows,
James Burt, James M Burt, Fred S Butler,
C — ^Joseph G Cady, Augustus Caldwell, John Cameron, Peter Camp
bell, William Canby, William Canfield, James R Capell, William M Card,
EmUe H Cardinet, J N Cardozo, George N Cardwell, Pedro C CarOlo,
Charles Carl, Charles F Carl, Augustine D Carpenter, MUes B Carpenter,
H Carrison, Charles D Carter Jr, John Carter, J R Cassell, Isadore
Cavasso, William Chamberiain, • Charles Chapelain, H A Charles,
Albert H Clark, John A Clark, P B Clark, WiHiara Clark, William S
Clark, Henry Classen, Hugh J Clayton, George W Claxton, Lambert B
Clements, John C Coachman, Absalom Cochell, John Cochrane, Henry
W Coe, C Columbus Coffin, J Henry Coghill, James H Cogswell, Edward
Coker, Thomas W Colburn, John Q Cole, Josiah L Cole, Alonzo N
Coleman, Charles J • Collins, John A Collins, J Carman Combes,
A M Comstock, Michael Connelly, Alexander Coney, G W Conkling,
W H Conrad, Channing H Cook, Charles W Cook, J Carroll H Cook,
WUliam H Cook, Ambrose I T Cooper. Stephen Cooper, WiUiam M
Cooper, Arthur Cornwall, Arthur W Cornwall, Louis Corriveau, Benja
min Cory, James M Cory, E P Cotting, Edward D Cox, G C Cox, Solon
W Craigue, Charles H Crane, George R Crary, E W Crowell, Williara H
Crowell, R G Crozier, Hiram Cummings, Henry K Cummings, John
Currey, Lucian Curtis, Samuel T Curtis, Wilbur Curtiss, Charles D
Cushing, William J Connor,
J) — Edward Daly, John Daubenbiss, Peter Davidson, George H
Davis, Hamlet Davis, William H Davis, George W Deans, Thomas M J

366 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Dehon, Isaac E Delavan, Richard S Den, Samuel L Dewey, Alfred De
Witt, R d'Heureuse, WUhelm Dieterich, Daniel S Dikeman, P W Dillon,
David Ding, Mathew W Dixon. Nathan A Doan, Robert R Dodge, Jean
Don, John Donegan William Y Douglass, Simon J Downing, William
H Downing, Eugene B Drake, Joseph W Drew, James R Duff, John
Duff, Anthony Dukin, William A Dunbar, Robert Duncan, J Shade
Dungan, Patrick Dunn, John H DunneU, Warren P Durbin, William W
Durham, Job F Dye,
E — Thoraas Eager, Anthony Y Easterby, Frank G Easterby, James
W Eastin, WUliam H Eastman, Edward B Eaton, Henry Eaton, Edward
A Edgerton, John Ellery, S F Elliott, Charles D Elliott, T EUsworth,
Stephen R Ellsworth, Silas B Emerson, William J Ennis, Alexander C
Erkson John Erskine, jr,, Robert H Evans,
F — Jean Fagothey, Solomon R Fairchild, Nelson H Falkinberg,
Malachi Fallon, Richard J Falls, Charles H Fancher, J W Farrington,
J M Farwell, Charles Fenderickoff, Horace R Ferre, Edward Feusier,
Hercules Fidler, Albert E Field, M William Fifer, Joseph W Finley,
Joseph Fischer, William H Fish, George W Fisher, George K Fitch,
James Fitton, Ezekiel Fitzgerald, C J Flatt, Samuel Flower, George H
Fogg, Hiram Fogg, WUliam D Folajer, Edmund I Folsom, Pliny F
Forbes, Edward Ford,. Jerome B Ford, Jerome C Ford, William H Ford,
Albert Foster, William Foster, WiUiam H Fountain, Charles J Fox,
Jacob Frankfurt, Leopold Franke, William Free, Hervey R French,
William Friel, William J Frierson, Daniel Frink.
G — A K Gage, S Gamage. A J Gambill, Andrew Garr, B L C Gauv-
reau, Samuel Geddes. Joseph Genella, Amzi W Genung, Henry G Gian-
nini, Edward Giddings, Joseph Giess, Charles V Gillespie, David Gil
lespie. Anton Gintz, Robert R Givens, William H Gladwin, James R
Glassgow, James H Gleason, James T Glenn, George R Gliddon, Wil
liam E Goldsmith, M J Goodfellow, Lewis Goodwin, William M Good
year, James Gordon, James E Gordon, Charles H Gough, Levi A Gould,
John C Gouldin, John V Gowen, George T Graff, John Gray, jr., Ned
Grayson, Alfred A Green, George W Green, Talbot H Green, Clay M
Greene, C GreUet, George Gretton, B P Griffin, George W Griffin,
George I Griffing, John W GriflSth, William A Grover, Frederick C
Gummer, Lewis C Gunn. Charles W Gunnell.
JJ — Matthew J Haan, John Hagan, Andrew J Haight, Lansing
Haight, Erasmus W Haines, Henry Hale, Henry M Hale, E G Hall,
Edward M HaH, James Hall, 2d, John HaUs, Alpheus Hamblen, J Ham
ilton, Ed D Hammond, James S Handlin, WiUiam W Haney, Benjamin
T Hanford, Green Hanna, John Hanna, ist, John Hanna, 2d, William
W Hannes, George M Hanson, Charles M Harding, William Hargrave,

The ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 367
Martin K Harkness, James Harlow, Henry Harris, ist, Thomas A Har
ris, J V Harrison, Lawrence Hart, Henry Hartmann, M M Harvey, H A
Harvill, WUliam P Haskell, William F Hassell, John H Haste, Samuel
A Hastings, William F Hastings, James B Hatch, Charles W Hathaway,
Isaac J Hattabough, Rudolph R Hay, Michael Hayes, Wade Hays,
W Hazelton, Kelsey Hazen, Charles S Healy, WUliam Hendsicks, Wal
ter Herron, Alexander M Hess, James B Hess, R d' Heureuse, John B
Hewson, Daniel Higgins, Uriah Higgins, A S Hight, George V Hight,
H A HUl, J Bryant HiU, B Frank HiUiard, Edwin W Hiller, Edward W
Hitchings, Horace Hoag, JohnAHoan, WiUiam H Hoburg, H Henry
Hocker, Richard Hockman. Francis Hoen, David B Hoffman, Simon
Hoffman, Calvin H Holmes, James Holohan, C Homer, Walter Honon,
WiUiam Hood, Albert F Hoogs, Casper T Hopkins, George W Hop
kins, James A Hopkins, John M Horner, Abraham J Houghtaling,
Thomas Houseworth, Edward B How, B H Howell, Elijah P Howell,
Caspar Huber, Henry F Huber, George B Hudson, James M Hudspeth,
Laurent Huerstell, Lucien B Huff, Benjamin P Hugg, Asa Hull, David
W Hunt, Andrew Hunter, P Schuyler Hunter, Thomas Huntington, F
A Hussey, WiUiam M Hussey, Charles Hutchins, WUliam A Hutch
inson, W P Hazelton, WiUiam G Huff.
J — WUliam S Jacks, R C Jacobs, Augustus Jacoby, William T Jame
son William A January, J S Jenkins, Robert S Jenkins, Theodore F
Jerome, William C Jewett, Frank S Johnson, Joseph R Johnson, Eras
tus V Joice, Edward Jones, H P lones, Hugh S Jones, John W Jones,
Samuel H Jones, Nathaniel Jones, Robert Josephi.
K— Harold L Kampi, Frank E Kane, John Kays, James Kearney,
James Kellogg, Alfred W Kelly, C O Kelly, William A Kelly.W F Kel
sey Daniel Kendrick, George Kennedy, J Horace Kent, George Kent-
field, James R Keogh, James H Keown, Samuel F Kern, Francis D
Ketchum, Ralph L Kilburn, D W Kimball, Gardiner C Kimball, George
H Kimball, Leonidas F Kimball, William A King, George W Kinney,
Richard C Kirby, F M Kittredge, James E Kitts, Seth R Kneeland,
Frederick F Knipe, N W Knowlton, Charles C Knox, Louis G Kohler,
John C Kunze.
L — Henry W J Labatt, Joseph J Labatt, Samuel .K Labatt, W Frank
Ladd, Edraund Laffan, C W Lander, Ebenezer Lane, Thomas O Larkin,
jr., Frank M La Roche, A Larrain, James Larue, Harry J Lask, F P
Lauterwasser, Richard H Law, Albert G Lawrence, James H Lawrence,
Charles W Lawton, James Lea, Daniel Leahy, Washington J Leaman,
Jean V Lebert, Bruce B Lee, Franklin V Lee, H Leisewitz, James M
Lemon, J H Lendrum, Hiram Leonard, James B Lewis, James
McM Lewis, William J Lewis, Eugene Lies, Charles Lindley,
Curtis H Lindley, Tipton Lindsey, Francis J Lippitt, Harry A Lit-

368 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
tie, Stephen H Little, Thomas Litton, George A Lloyd, Henry S Loane,
Charles S Lohse, David Long, David Long, 2d, Richardson Long, Jo
seph M Lord, Moses J Lord, William P Loring, John S Love, H S
Loveland, L F Loveland,William E Lovett, Anthony W Lowry, Thomas
M Luther, Jonathan H Lyman, J A Lyons, jr,
M — Alexander D Macdonald, David Mallagh, David P Mallagh,
Armstrong Maltbie, Charles Maltby, Joseph Manidas, William Mans
field, Joseph Marchant, Charles K Marsellus, Charles P Marsh, Mont
gomery Martin, Stephen C Massett, Hermann Mast, James Mathewson,
Simon Mattingly, Frank T Maynard, John McAUis, Charles McAlpin,
John H McCabe, WUliam McCabe, WiUiam R McCaU, John McCrack-
an, Samuel McCuUough, David McDaniel, Freeman McGilvery, Jaines
McGlynn, Edward McGowan, WUliam H McGrew, John G McKavaher,
David McKee, James P McKenna, George R McKenzie, WiUiam Mc-
Kibbin, Orlando McKnight, John McPherson, James McVea, Alonzo
Meacham, George W, Meacham, Charles H Mead, Thomas B Meader,
Frederick M Mebius, Edwin R Medbery, jr., Theodor Meeiz, WiUiam
M Mendenhall, Felix Mercado, Isaac G Messec, Edwin MiUer, Hilliard
M Miller, John H MiUer, James L MiUer, WUliam E Miller, Jacob A
Moerenhout, Francis Mondelet, WiUiam D Mongan, Burdett H Mon
son, Louis Montgaillard, George H Montgomery, John Montgomery,
George Moody, Alexander Moore, John H Moore, John S Moore, James
H Morgan, Louis E Morgan, Perry Morrison, Samuel Morrison, J W
Morse, Gordon N Mott, Adolph C Muller, Oscar E Muller, John M
Murphy, Richard Murphy, Charles Murray, Robert Murray, Harris
Myers, N — John Nagel, William Neagle, Jeremiah Nelson, Thomas Nelson,
Elisha Nichols, John M Nichols, John Nicholson, Pierre Noisat, Mi
chael Nolan, Bernard Nordheimer, Samuel Norris, John D Noyes.
0 — John F O'Bryon, WUliam O'Farrell, John Ogilvie, Allen Oliver,
WiUiam T O'Neale, James L Ord, Pacificus Ord, WilUam R O'Reilly,
S L G Osborne, P H Owens.
P — Albert Packard, Charles A Paige, Horace J Paine, Albert Painter,
Walter M Painter, Clinton Palmer, Cyrus Palmer, Noah Palraer,
J L Pangburn, Fred J Parcells, John J Parcells, William H ParceUs,
Charles L Parent, Charles L Parent Jr, Charles F Parker, WiUiam A
Parker, William C Parker, M A Parkhurst, Samuel E Paster, William
Patterson, Almarin B Paul, A W Peabody, Joseph A Peabody, lames
Pearson, James G Pearson, Robert F Peckham, Joshua H Peirce, James
E Pelham, John C Pelton, John C Pelton Jr, Joseph Pennypacker, John
J Pensam, Charles C Peters, Charles M Peterson, Edouard Petibeau,
Bethuel Phelps, John Phillips, Joseph PhiUips, Nathaniel T Phillips,

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 369
Eugene K Phipps, Andrew J Piercy, David J Piercy, Edward M Piercy,
Joseph D Pierson, James F Pike, Rudolph K Piotrowski, Andrew J
Pitman, Frank M Pixley, William J Pleasants, Charles G G Plummer,
T S Pomeroy, David M Pool, Williara P. Pool, Horace E Pope, WiUiam
H Porter, Frederick L Post, John W PoweU, Conrad Prag, WiUiam W
Pratt, Carl Precht Jr, William P Prescott, George H Preston, John B
Price, Rodman M Price, Frank S Provost.
Q — John C Quinn.
B, — Charles M Radcliff, Reuben E Raimond, Charles H Randall,
WiUie W Randall, Benjamin P Rankin, Charles Rawson, Ludwell J
Rector, Michael Redding, Oscar F Redfield, R Augustus Redman,
John B Redmond, Joseph L Reed, WiUiam H Reed, Robert K Reid,
George L Reynolds, Robert T Reynolds, Thomas R Reynolds, William
Reynolds, Clemons Richardson, Jesse Richardson, Samuel A Richard
son, Frederick Ricketson, Harrison H Riker, Samuel Robb, Francois H
Robin, Edwin H Robinson, Lemuel Robinson, S H Robinson, William
T Robinson, Charles C Roe, E K Rogers, George H Rogers, George W
Rogers, James R Rogers, Julius K Rose, T Rosenbaum, Charles L Ross,
Edward H Rowe, Edwin A Rowe, Charles C Rueger, John Rueger,
John Rueger Jr. William N Rumwell, Horace A RusseU, Horace A
Lussell Jr, John H Russell, J H Rutenburg, Edward Ryan, John Ryan,
Rodger Ryan, William L Ryckman, William G Ryder,
- S — Pierre Sainsevain, Charles M Sainsevain, F A Sampson, A B Sam
son, John B Sandford, George Sawyer, Moses Schallenberger, G Everett
Schenck, Waldemar Schleiden, Charles P Schmidt, Christopher Schmitz
Frank W T Scholl, Simon Schrieber, C Adolph Schweeb, James W
Scott, George W Scribner, Peter Sesser, Henry W Severance, John W
Shawi Samuel Shear, William H Shear, Samuel G Sheldon, William W
Shepard, S A Sheppard, Edwin A Sherman, Thomas E Sherman, Elijah
Sherwood, George E Sherwood, Edraond D Shirland, Paul Shirley,
Henry C Short, William H Silverthorn, Charles S Simpson, Joseph
Simpson, Richard C Singer, Richard H Sinton, Manasseh Sleeper,
Thomas J L SmUey, Charles H Smith 2d, David W Smith, Enos H
Smith, George Smith, George E Smith, George M Smith, Henry C
Smith, James B Smith, James H Smith, Jeremiah Smith, Joshua Smith,
Napoleon B Smith, Rufus Smith, Samuel B Smith, Stephen S Smith,
WiUard M Smith, WiUiam B Smith, WiUiam F Smith, Wiliam G Smith
William H Smith 3d, WUliam W Smith 2d, Henry E Snedeker,
A j Snyder, Charles C Southward, Hervey, Sparks, William Sparks,
Adrian Spear, Jonas Spect, James A Sperry, James H Spotts, Charles
J Sprague, Thomas Sprague, O D Squire, Horatio N Squire Jr, Fabius
Stanly, Ira Stanley, James Staples, Frederick Steinhart, J Pratt Step-

370 THE ARGONA UIS OF CALIFORNIA.
hens, Emile K Stevenot, Charles Stevens, Frank S Stevens, George
Stevens, Thomas H Stevens, George B Stevenson, Charles A. Stewart,
Samuel Stewart, Thomas Stewart, William Stewart, Oliver P Stidger,
William C Stiles, Lafayette Stivers, Mark B Stoddard, Williani J Stod
dart, James J Stokes, William C Stokes, Charles L Stone, George Stone
man, Stephen C Story, David B Stover, Henry C Stowell, William J
Stringer, Samuel Strong, Jeremiah C Sullivan, Frank S Sutton, Owen P
Sutton, Benjamin F Swan, George F Sweeney, Samuel S Sweet, Asa W
Sweet, A C S-wift, Samuel T Szaryash, Matthew Scott.
T— W H Talmage, Francis A Taylor, Gilbert H Taylor, Levi W Tay
lor, William P Taylor, William Temple, Augustine B Tennent, Conklin
C Terry, Frank Thibault, Isaac N Thompson, Joseph P Thompson,
WUliam S Thompson, Monroe Thomson, C Melbourne Thorndyke,
Isaac N Thorne, Minord S Tresher, James W Thrift, Alexander S Tib
bey, Lyman C Tibbits, John P Tibbits, R H Tibbits, J B Timmerman,
Albert C Titcomb, Jatnes Tobin, Robert J Tobin, Alexander H Todd,
WUliam L Todd, George B Tolman, James C Tolman, George W
Toombs, Charles J Torbert, George Torrens, Manuel Torres, Manuel S
Torres, Alfred Townsend, John Trimble, Charles Trinius, John K
Trumbo, David S Turner, Henry S Turner, John Turner, WiUiam H
Turner, William M Turner, Oliver B Turrell, Charles Tuttie, Joseph
Tuttie, George W Tyler,
TJ — Eugene A Upton,
V — Thomas P Valleau, Andronico A Vallejo, Mariano G Vallejo,
Henry Vanderveer, John Van De Water, John V VanHagan, James
'VanNess, John P VanNess, William H VanNess, David T VanOrden,
Samuel VanPraag, John A VanTassell, Daniel J Vaughn, Gustave
Videau, Jean J Villeraeur, George W Vincent 2d.
W — Henry B Waddilove, William R Wadsworth, Robert Wagstaff,
E G Waite, Asa Walcott, George S Walker, Thomas Walker, James
Walsh, J Walton, WiUiam W Warner, Henry S Warren, Albert War-
then, Benjamin F Watkins, Lewis D Watkins, Edwin R Waterman,
Nicholas A Watson, William Watson, John Weaver, Alfred H Webb,
Henry Webb, George G Webster, Fred P Weinmann, Henry J WeUs,
Robert Wells, Christian Wentz, Edwin W West, Francis H West, Jo
seph R West, Thomas J West, Jesse L Wetmore, Theodore Wetzel,
Georgh Wheeler, 2d, Horace Z Wheeler, John O Wheeler, Charles E
White, Henry L White, J Campbell White, James F White, James H
White, Oliver H P White, William H H White, Henry M Whitely,
Thomas Whitely, Enoch, J Wilber, Jeremiah P Wilbur, James H Wil
cox, Silas WUcox, L J Wilder, Edward H Wilkey, Samuel H Willey,
James Williams, John F Williams, Stephen G Williams, William J Wil-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 371
liams, Henry M Willis, John E WUsen, John R WUson, StiUman L
Wilson, Vitruvius V Wilson, Peter L Wimmer, Jonas Winchester,
M L Winn, George K Winner, Gabriel Winter, James W Winter. L C
Wittenmyer, Herman Wohler, Henry J Wolgamuth, George T Wood,
John S Wood, Theodore J Wood, George A Worn, Valentine M Worth,
William Worthington, J H Wright, William Wyckoff, John W Wylie.
Y — George A Young, J W Young, WiUiam C Young,
Members of the San Joaquin Pioneer Association.
A— W D Ashley, J Adams, H Adams, K E Adams, F P Adams,
G H Ashley.
B— J Baldwin, H Barnhart, A B Bennett, H B Bishop, A C Blossom,
H G Boisselier, H B Brown, L Bassilia, J Behaps, C W Bidwell,
L M Booth, W R Barnes, C D Benjamin, S Briggs, S Blaisdell,
W M Baggs,
C— S Cady, M Caricoa, W M Carson, T J Chaloner, H A Chaplin,
A Clark, F C Condell, T Corcoran. P Clapp, H K Clifford, J H Cole
W Colmon, T A Caldwell, Ed CaUahan,
D— M J Drais, S Dunham, W Dallas, C H Diah.
E— W Ennis, P Esau, J J Evans, R Eccleston.
F— H S Farrington, Wm J Floyd, H M Planning, J W Farley.
S H Fickett, E Fiske, P Fitzgerald, J H Field. J M Fowler, W F Free
man. Q—T W Gilbert, J Ginn, A Girard, C Gfettan, J Grattan, J Greer,
CAL Gransky, C Grupe, H C GiUingham, Wm Graham, Geo Gray,
John Gross.
H— B C Harris, H Hall, I D Hamilton, J W Hammond, N Harrison,
H Harrold. T D Heiskell, E Hildreth, X M Hogan, Huntley, J Hale.
H Hamilton, C L HamUton, J B Harelson. A M Harris, H H Hewlett,
H Hodgkins, W L HoweH.
I— W C Israel.
J — P F Jahant, G A Jahant, W Johnson.
K— O P KaUenbach. P L Know, H C Kraft. I H Knowles, G M Kas
son, F M Kennedy.
L— R B Lane. L Langdon, T Lee. A Leitch, G S Ladd, B F Langford,
W O Lewis, D A Learned, T Lucas, J-^Lovejoy, W Lottman.
M— H O Mathews, J McCloskey, S Myers, J Minges, J L Mowbray,
J K Mead, C E Murray, M H Myers, F W Moss, M Milner, C R Mont
gomery, J R McDonald.

372 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
N— E E Nelson, J Nagle.
0— W L Overhiser.
P— R L Patten, J Patterson, O Perrin, J Perott, J D Peters, H M
Peck, W H Post, J Pratt, J Putnara R B Parker, E Peyton. M D Plum
mer, H M Peck, T Pool T Pixley.
R— A J J Ralph, R K Reid, C D Reynolds, A Rhodes, J Robinson,
W M Robison, B F Rogers, A RoUand, S F Rodman, B F Reynolds, R
W RusseU, W N Robinson, L Reiffel, N S Rogers.
S — R C Sargent, C Sedgwick, L Sellman, R G Sharp, J A Shepherd,
G A Shurtieff, W H Smith, E R Stockwell, J N Small, H Squires, C S
Stephens, H C Sargent,
T—T B Taylor, M S Thresher, H Tinkham, F W Todd, S V Tread-
way, A J Tibbetts, B F Thorapson, J H Tone, James Turner, T C Ty
nan, V— N Vizelich, A Vobbe,
"W—J Wallace, C F Whale, S Williams, J D Winters, A Wolf, T S
Wood, C Wagner, R E Wilhoit, Geo West, W B White, B F Wat
rous, W E Whipple,
Y— T Yost,
Members of the Virginia City Pioneer Association, Nevada.
A — C J Adams, G W Arcularius, R Argens, J K Alden, W A Abbott.
G Atkinson, D Arisen, Wm Ashley, S S Atchinson, J K Alden, C O
Appeberg, A Amrich, B D Anderson, W H Atkinson, G L Andrews,
G L Adams,
B — S Baker C M Brown. S D Baker, H Bouton. W O Broadhead, C
Baker, G Bennett. D H Brown, W A Burton, A W Burrill, John Briggs.
C L Brown, C Becker, B C Buzzman, J F Berry, J S Bowker, L L Brad
ley, H P Burnham, R F Brooks, J P Brown, J F Beach, P Beck.
C — J L Carter, W W Coryell, A R Coryell, J Cunningham, Wm Cor
nelius, J R Crane, A G Caldwell, W M Cary, G B Coakley, J H Conway.
J C Clark, J Comerton, C M Connor, G R Coleman, J B Cormack J
Cannin, N J Coleman, J L Conroy, C Cummings, F W Carr, G W Che-
dic, M Conway, J Cheneau, J Calemberti, J Claresy, S T Curtis.
D — W H Dickson, G Daley, W D Darnell, J Delevan, T J Deer, J A
Daniels, A Doten, H Donnelly, L Davis, D E Davis, W Downie, P Da-
lay, J Duffee. A F Dahlgin, L Dallip.
E— A L Edwards, T Eagan, M R Elstner, E R Elrod. C H Eastman,
W C Eaves, W H Elliot, W T Eaves, W Edwards, W T C EUiott,
F — C L Foster, G W Finney, M Frankenheimer, Anthony Fox, R A
Fagg, H Fitzsimmons, G D Fryer, C A Fletcher, T Fisher, G C Fish.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 373
G— M Goodman, J Gray, G L Gibson, H C Griswold, G Garner. J S
Goin. W D C Gibson, T W Goodwin, M C Gardner, C Goodwin, H Gar-
sey, N J GiUet, A Gilispie, T J Gray, L L Greentree, M S Gregory, R S
Gammons, T Gosse. '
^ H— R C Hardy, G H Hoit, H Horton, P C Hyman, G Haist, S F
Hoole, J Hunt, — Holdmark, G W Hepperly, M H Harrington, H C
Hubbard, D M Hyde, W B Hickok, E S Hoge, T E Howard, E B Har
ris, Pat Hanley, E W Harris, A HaU, M Holmes, J B Hearn, J W L
Hunt, J F Hall, H Harris, P Henry, P Holland, D H HaU, G W HaU,
D Hannah, J C Hare, R R Hackett, J Harrison, J J Holmes.D H Healy.
J— E Jackson, H M Jewett, J P Jones, H A Jones, L L Jones, Lyman
Jones, J R Johnson, G L Jackson, A H Jackman, Nelson Johnson, L
Jones, N Johnson,
K— L Kelly, J H Kittell, J L Kaneen, S A Kinsey, C W Kendall, J
Killum. R P M Kelley, J R Knox, 1 H Kinkead,
L — J Lambert, A Lafee, W R Lane, J Lehigh, R Leahigh, A Lawson,
J A Long, Wm Laforce, T A Longacre, H Long.
M — Wm Meserme. A D Moore, F L Miller, W J Moore, J B Martin,
G H Mallard, G W Morgan, J D McDonald, E C Morse, Alex MitcheU.
J McKenney, A Miot, E Mathews, J W McKinney, S McFarland, J C
McFarnaham, F H Moore, JAC Moore, F MorriU. S A McMeane, L
Morris, L McGown, J H Marple, C B McClellan, James Morris, John
McGee. J McKenney, M A McDouhugh.
N— D W Noe, H Neligh, E Nye, J B Nelson, J P Nesdale, W New-
son. 0— J B Overton.
P — J S Peck, A Perrin, J Patterson, J E Parker, J Putnam, E Pear
son, Seymor Pixley, I S Parke, E Palmer, T Parker, R Patterson, J Put
nam, J E Parker, R Patterson, R Parkinson.
R — J Rien, J Riddle, J Ramsdel, M Redding, J Richardson, O D
Rolf, J Rosseau, C F Redding, P Roussel, C C Robedee, M Redding,
T A Read, R Ross, R Robinson, L H Robertson, O E Relmonn,
S-^J R Stuart, W T Shepard, J W Shields, G Spring, R B Sharp
S T Swift, G S Saunders, D R Starr, J T Stocker, E M Skaggs, P Stoiie,
A A Simons, A E Sraith, G W Stone, R F Simmons, T B Storer, A A
Smith, J P Smith, J S Sanchez, J K Stuart, C Simons, C Sabin, A E
Smith, P Stoner,
T— W Thomas, S A Tomkins, W W Tinker, A J Tyrrell, R H Tay
lor, A D Treadway, T J Titus, A M Taylor, J E Thompson,
V — J Vanderwater, N R Vipont, E Vogle.

374 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
W — C Westlake, T WeUs, John West, L Wentworth, J L Webster,
C Wilson. Jonah WiUiams. L P Wardle. J E Wood, J H WUcox. B H
Welch, H Weston, H T Williams, G D Winters. The. Winters, L A
Wood. J P Wentworth, A Waitz, G M WiUiams, B C Whitman, G B
Webb, F Ward, J G Woolsey. A Williams. L Wentermantel. J S Wil
son, Y— C York.
Z— C B Zabriskie.
Members of the Sacramento Pioneer Association :
A — Wm Ackley, James Anthony, J C Austin, A P Andrews, M An
drews, H Arents, H Alvord, E F Aiken. R I Allen. W O Armstead. J N
Andrews, Peter Androit, Martin Arenz, C E Abbott,' W A Anderson.
Lyman Allen. A R Abbott. Simon Attar.
B— L L Baker, Horace Barton, H T Borrem, C T Botts, C D Boise,
R B Burton, G W Bell. D W Blackleach, W F Brown. G R Bingham.
A J Bayley. T R Brown, J C Boggs. A P Benton, W W Brown. G G
Berry. S S Baldwin, A A Bennett. S A Berry. W H Blauvelt. B N Bug
bey. Peter Burns, E G Burger. A J Binney, S F Baldwin, J H Bailey.
I N Babcock, J R Bachelder. L A Booth, Frank Bush, Gordon Backus,
C H Bradford, R S Bampton, P Bannon, B Bates Jr, Z Bates, A J Baily.
R Beck, G W BeU. J Boggs. C V Brockway, W N Brooks, R T Brown.
J E Bryan, S A Boutwell, U Bayer, P W Burnett, R Butterfield, N AH
BaU, E L Barber, J C Barr, E J BarrcJll, J T Bayley, R Bell. H Bentiey.
G B Bonnell, John Bigler, J E Birch, L E Boren, D M Boyd, M F But
ler, John Burton, A W Burns, C L Bird, E L Brown, G D Brush. N
Boice, T R Brown, H J Bidleraan, A C Binninger. S S Bidwell.
C — H N Cummings, Thos Coleman, C H Cotton, James Collins, A B
Clough, L B Comstock, E T Cole. Geo Chadwick, S S Crane,
G W Callahan, W J Cady, S S Carlisle. James Carolan. T E Coleman,
C B Cooley, J R Crandall, J W Chiles. J L Craig, Geo Chedie, Saml
Cross, H A Chase, Leander, Culver, J M Calvyn, G W Colby, T H Cook,
Dani Coffee, Benj Cahoon, J Couch, J Cowden, Edgar Culver, J Crack-
bon, S Colville, S J Cassin, I S Chiles, W L Clark, M Cassidy, H Cas-
welv', L C Chandler. L B ChurchUl, H Clark, W J Clark, H Clock. J H
Cooper, W M Corbusier. G J Cross, J D Croxall, Wm Cummings, A P
Catlain, C E Camp, W E Chamberlain^ G W Chesley, W P Coleman,
N L Drew, G Cadwalder, D E Callahan, L Callish, J W H CampbeU, W B
CampbeU, Dr J Caples, J H Carroll, S M Chapin. A Carothers. H A
Chase, E C CoUins, J W Coffroth, M D Corse, C F Cavanaugh, Chas
Chase, Wm Chesley, J G Cleal, E C Collins, Saml Conrad, Reuben,
Cook, Ed Crowell, J Q A Cunningham, J B Cooper,

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 375
D— J T Day, S Deal, W H Devalin, P E Drescher. W Dunlap
C K Daugherty. C W Dankers, A Delano, John Denn, W L Dudley,
A A Durfee, J W Dam, Geo Druke, J Z Davis, H Dalrymple, P Davis,
J P Dyer, J K Dunbar, Jerome C Davis, Presley Dunlap. J B Day
ton. J F Dye, T L Debose.
E— Capt J S Ellison, S B Elwell, J Edwards, R S Egbert. W G
English, A H Estell. W L Everett, G S Evans, J Elbridge. John
~Evens. F— V J Fourgead, Wilson Flint, J S Fowler, S B- Freeland. G H
Forrister. F F Frost. E P Figg, Dr J M Frey, W P Fuller, W C. Felch.
W C Farnsworth, G W Foster, ' Richard Fuller, F S Freeman, Peter
Frear, G D Fiske, W B Freeman, W J Frierson, R M Folger, Ferris
Foreman. L W Ferris, G J Foster, R D Ferguson.
G — W A Getts, J H Gass, Wm Gordon, J R Gaines, T M Gregory.
G R Gould, Robt Gordon, W B Grigsby, J W Gunn, A C Gordon, G
Griswold, H Greenhood, Y W Gunn, E T GUlispie, W R Grimshaw, Geo
Griggs, W Gwynn, C E Greene, A Griffith, J O Garrett, R Gourlie. A F
Gove, J Gardner, J Gates, D W Gelmicks, N D Goodell. L J Gilpin. B
Gray', H Griffiths, G W Griffiths, J Grosmecal, S Glass, V E Gager, F
Graham. H — L K Hammer, L Harris, H C Harrison. T B Harper. L Harthaus,
D H Haskell, B F Hastings, G Hetzel. J Hoagland, M Hopkins. F S
Hotchkiss, B F Howard, W H Hoyt, S L Hunt. W S Hustin, J J Hutch
inson, W A Heddenburg, C W Hoit, . A Henley, W L Herndon. C C
Hayden, C Heinrich, H T Holmes, J W Humphries. J B Hyatt, Joseph
Harris, J E Hale, M R Harkness, H B Hunt, Robt HamUton, S H
Hunt, E A Harris, Elisha HaU, T C Hull, F A Hornblower, W C Holl-
man, D Hamilton, M D Howell, Wm Harris. C W Humphries, E W
Hiller, W P Hayden, T J Hall, L B Harris, John Hatch, James Howarth.
Josiah Heacock, I N Hoag, Augs Hoffman, J A Hunt, W H Hatfield,
W G Hunt, Joseph HuH, Dr HoUister, H W Harkness, J L Howard,
John Heard, J W Haines, C P Huntington. L Z Hagan, Tames Hannon,
W P Henry, Levi Hermance, F Hofstadt, L W Hooker, Justus Hovey,
E M Horomson, J G Hyer, J C Hedenburg P K Hubbs, Isadore Haas.
L Z Hagan, D Hammond,
I— P J Isbell,
J — Wm R Johnston, W S Johnson, J C Johnson, J H Jaquea. David
Jobson, T H Jackson, E G .Jefferis, E Jacobs, R P Jacobs, J R John
ston. H F Johnston, W Jennings, J N Johnson,
K_I N Kay, D W Kleinhaus.W F Knox, J C Keenan, W F Kennedy,
J P Kleinhaus,' E B Kenyon, Hugh Kelly, Frank Kosta, Alpheus Kipp.
S K Kneeland. H C Kibbe. A Koppikus, P H Keaner, J M Kelley.

376 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
L — Dr T Logan, Thos Letson, Thos Latta, Barton Lee, D L Lisle. W
S Long, B S Locke, A C Latson, F S Lardner, J Lask, I Lohman, J Lan
sing, L M Lincoln, G Lorenz, P S Lanson, A Leonard, J T LiUiard, T
M Lindley. A Logan, WB Lawlor, J C Leddlive, W H Luther, W W
Light, John Levitt, H M Larue, C Lanf kotter, W Lanfkotter, T P Lit
tlefield, C A Litchfield, S H Letner, Herman Limbach, C B Lenton, H
B Lake, Marcus LoweU, C W Lighter, J E Lawrence. C D Lyman, F F
Low, C S Lowel, D R Linn,
M— W A McWiUiams. W McMitchell, J McClintock, P McManus,
A McDonald, R McGarvey, D O MiUs, G I N MoneU, J H MiUer, Eli
Mayo, H Myers, J E MUler, M L Merrill W L Messenger, R W Murphy,
O N Morse, S H Meek, Wm Myers, C Meserve, T Mitchell, G P Morrill,
D O Mahoney, J R Myres, J H Murphy, J B MitcheU, i A Morgan, M
Morrison, Jesse Morrill, T R Munk, H C Murray, Harry Montfort, Wm
Marra, J F Morse, E McCarty, J H McKune, A McNeil, Wm Mace. C
E Mack, R C Marsh, J P Martin, D McGowan, J S Miller, J MiUer, A C
Monson, F N Mott; Dr W S Manlove, J Q More, J W Marshall, J M
More, A Moulton, J McCleery, J McClatchy, R H McDonald, James
McGuire, Edgar Mills, Jacob Miller, Thos Milgate, T J May, G P Mel-
-fiUe, T McAlpin, J C McConnell. S McConneU, P McManus, Wm Mc
Nulty, N— R J Nickerson, A Neubar, Dr A B Nixon, G F Nourse, E Nye. C
L Newton, D H Norris, Peter Nagle, J H Nevett.
0 — Dr I E Oatman, C P O'Neil, H P Osborn, John Oschwald, Jaraes
O'Neil, Daniel Olivef. J H O'Brien. C C O'FUng, J F O'Bryon, H H
O'Callahan, J P O'Neil. L W Ogden. L P Ormsby.
P— A P Petitto, S Pearl, E R Perrin, J H ParneU, Wm Pearce, C T
H Palmer, John Peasley, John Prentice, C G Page, AVV Post, C S
Preble, G A Poor, G H Parker, G Phelan, Adolph Palin, A D Patter
son, A H Powers, G A Putnam, S Putnam, J A Patchen, R A Pearis.
J R Pettus, A Polaski, C L Price, Thos Paden, James Pollock. Lucius
Powers, G O Perry.
Q — J Quinn, James Queen, B C Quigby.
B — C Ramsey, C F Reed, James Reid, J Richards, J H Rose. D S
Ross, Wm Roush, Dr C Ruddock, T H Russell, M Ransora, S B
Robbins, Cyrus Rohrer, C H Ross, G Rowland. L Reynolds, A D Right
mire. Mark Robinson, C C Reid. G T Rich, M Richardson. Bartley
Reeves, C C Rice, Rt Reed, E W Roberts, W A Ranson, M M Reid,
G Renaud, John Requa, J P Rhodes, Sam'l Rich, A G Richardson,
John Rivetf.
S— Jn Sims, Abm Sites, A P Smith, A J Soule, J D Stephens, WR

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 377
Strong, CH Swift, J Strutz, SSchreiber, E D Shirland, W M Siddons,
J H Sullivan. A C Sweetzer, T K Stewart, T G Salsbury, C G Shipman,
James Stevenson, Myron Smith, John Stuber, J F Stump, E G Smith,
S R Smith, D Sutterfield, L T Sanderson, Silas Simons, J H Strow-
bridge, A A Sargent, E H Smith, J C Spencer, H W Schacht, J B
Schmidt, E A Sherman, J D Seelen, Thos Sunderland, Voly Spalding,
Jacob Shew. J D B StiUman, J F Suydam, J F Stone, C C Sackett,
W D Shallcross, J H Shirley, C R Shirland, E M Smith, Ralph Smith,
J B Starr, L Steudeman, Ed Stockton, Jh Shaw, Benj Sanders, A P
Soule, Nathan Stevens, John Skinker, A P Smith.
T— H Treichler, M Torry, Wm Turton, J B Taylor J A Tutt, Dr S
P Thomas, C A Tweed, S S Turner, Lansing Tooker, Wm Tool, John
Tingman, W H Thoraas, Guss Taylor.
V— G K Van Heusen, W B Van Dyke, J H Vergo, J S VanWinkle.
W— Fred Werner, E Wadsworth, David Wood, S B Woodin, J E
P Weeks, E O West, A S Whitmore, C Wolet, Wm Wallace, L G
Wright, W H Willetts. T S Wilkinson; Geo Worthington, W C Wright.
D E Wade, H B Waddilove, Louis Warner, O H P White, W B White-
sides, D G Whitney, D WiUard, Jonathan Williams, Wra Wolfsberger,
Wm G Wood, R H Woodward, B A Woodworth, John Woolaver, G
G Wright, John Winders, James Webb, G W WaUace, Geo Withing
ton, T J Willbaum, Philo West, P T WiUiamson, C Winters, W H
WaUace, A Warring, A Weber, S E Welch, Julius Wetzler, E D Wheat-
ley, Geo Wiggins, J C Williams, E F Woodward, L Wilcoxson.
Y— J E Young, Wm Yule.
Pioneers of the Counties of Marin, Sonoma, Napa and Mendo
cino :
A — W C Adams, Louis Adler, R Angarde, S Akers, J Abbott, S J
Agnew, O S Allen. J M Armstrong, J Albertson, W G Alban, T AUen.
E G Alb.m, H Appleton, N H Amesbury, D H Alderson, J H Allison.
C H AUen, W F Allen, C Alexander, C G Ames,
B— W M Boggs, J B Beam, W H Brady, H Barech A A Basignano,
E Biggs, L Bruck, E F Bale, John Brown, S Brown, W Board, J F
Boyce, J S Bracket, D Burras, I S Bradford, R Burnell, P F Barker, J
N Bailache, E N Boynton, Ai Barney, J D Beam, W P Boyce, M C
Briggs, H W Baker, J W Boggs. E Barry, S H Buford, S Bennett, H E
Boggs, E Barnett, W Baldridge, A G Boggs, J M Boggs, G W Boggs,
J O Boggs, T W Boggs, L W Boggs, jr„ J N Bennet, P G Baxter, J
Beasley, Z Briggs, R Brownlie, J E Bond, P E BaUey J Bright, T C
Brown, A B Borrell, J Bailiff, Wm Bradford, H C Boggs.

378 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
C — N Carriger, J Carillo, Wm Corey, C Carlton, J Cavanagh.H Clark,
G W Clark, S H Carriger, W W Carpenter, C C Carriger, A B Carriger,
B L Cook, T S Cooper. J R Cooper. W L Copeland. R Crane. Jaraes
Clark, Christian Brothers, O W Craig, G W Cornwell, Wm M Coleraan,
E Coleman, H K Clark, S B Carpenter, V B Cook. D Chamberlain, J
Cairns, Obed Clark, W Cassebohn. W R Coburn. D W Carriger. J L
Cook. J CogUl, Sr,. L Carson, J C Crigler, J Clyman. J Chiles. J Caster.
B Capell. J Cyrus. A J Cox, S Clark. L Chapman. N Coombs. D C
Crockett, Dr C Crouch, W R Cook. J Chauvet.
D — H Decker, M Donohue, H W Dickinson. D D Davisson. Wm
Dorman, B W Diffendurfer, E L Davis. N Dunbar. J Dickinson. A J
Dollarhide. E — J W Easter, M Engler. T Earl. D Emerson. B E Edsal, L F
Eaton. W Edington. A Y Easterly, W EUis.
F— J Fernald, R F Fowler, J M Freeman. A J W Faure, J T Fort-
son, J Fulton, J W Flavel, H Fowler, W Fowler, W A Fisher, A Farley,
S W Faudre, F Fisher.
G— J M Gregson, T C Grey, F P Green. O Greig. H L Goume. J
Gibson, Wm Greene, J F Greene, John Gallagher. W W Greening, A J
Gordon, J Griffin, J J Goodin. Dr J B Gordon, G G Gardner, Wm Gor
don, C Ctiffith, Jesse Grigsby, R A GiU, G Grigsby, P D Grigsby, A J
Galbrath, J T Grisby, E GiUen, P Gessford, M Griggson.
H— H Hingston, John Heniy. Wra Hood, T Hopper. H Hall, L N
Harraon, C Huraphries. H HiU, B HaU, Wra McP HiU, D Hudson, J
Henry, T B Hopp^, C Hopper, B Hoen. H H Hall, S H Hyman. A
Hixson, A Harasthy. L C Hubbard, H P Holmes. J W Harlan, T F Hud
son, W B Hagans, C Hazebrigg. J B Hollaway. W H HoUeday. J B
Horrcl, J Henry, Harper brothers, W Hargrave, M Hudson, J Hudson,
J Harbin, Mat Harbin, G HaUet, W A Haskin, J Haskins, W A Has
kins jr, L Higgins, F M Hackett, J H Howland, I Howell, John Howell.
D Howell, P 'HoweU, M R Hardin, C Hartson, R D Hopkins, W Houx,
A Henry, L Haskell, R A Harvey.
I — M Ingler.
J — R Jones, Benj Joy, E Justi, E K Jenner, D Jones, C Juarez, J A
Jamison, G E Jewett.
K — A Kripenstapel, F Keller, H Kreuse, A Kohle, J Knight, R Ken
nedy, R L Kilburn, T Knight, W Kilburn, I Kellogg, W W Kenedy, A
W King, Ira KUburn, Kelsey Brothers.
L — C W Lubec. N Long. R Lennox, G W Lewis, J H Lane, C H
Lamkin. J A Lossee, J Lutgens, H H Lewis. H D Ley. A J Lafevre. Ed

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 379
Latapie, B Little. J F Lamden, J B Lamar, G Linn, Dr T M Leaven
worth. H Ludolph.
M— N E Manning, R McGee, W E McConnell, J McLaughlin, W
Mock, S McDonough. W Montgomery, J H McCord, A M Mansfield,
R. G, Merritt, D H Morgan, P McChristian, G W McCain, A J Mills,
J Munday, M T, McClellan, J McCormick, L W Mayer, J W. Morris, J
R Moore jr„ A C McDonald, W J March, Mr MarshaU, 'W H Manlove,
J H Moore, J Martin, C Musgrove, Wra McDonald, J Moran, H Mygatt.
A Moumert, G McMahon, R McGarvey, W McReynolds. W R Morris.
N— John Neil, P G Norburn, S S Noble. W NeU, L A Norton, E Neb
lett, W H Nash, J M Nichols.
0 — G W Oman, F Oettl, A A Olmstead, A P Overton, H Ousley.
S Orr. J H Orr, W Ousley.
P — J A Palmer. G Pearce, W Potter, J C Peary, R J Preston, J
Powell, J A Poppe, G T PauUi, A P Petit, C Peterson, G W. Peterson,
P H Pharris, H L Pierce. D Powell. T J Poulterer. D D Philips, S Potter.
J D Patton, H G Parks. J A Pugh. T Partin. H Porterfield, H Pierce,
P Polsten, J V Porter. D Patton, Jethro PoweU, Rt Poppe, C Poppe.
Q — Wm Quinton. D Quinliven.
R— J Robeson, T Rocheford, V Robin, C Rogers, W B Reed, H Rob
inson, J M Roberts, J L Rouner, D Ripley, T W Richards, S H Rupe, J
Reynolds, A F Redemeyer, Joel Regan, G Reeve, B Robinson, J Robin
son. B L Robinson. Col Ritchie, A J Raney, S F Raney, W H Russell.
S— J SeUing, R Spence, John Smith, F Starke, D W Stroufe, N O
Stafford, E W Sax, P Sneed, C O Stab, P Sharvein, J W Sharp, Dwt
Spencer, J K Smith, S M Shinn, J Sedgley, J H Seipp, J Singley, F
Sears, j Stewart, W W StiUwagon, A Salaman, J R Snyder, C V Stuart.
J H Sturtevant, CJ Son, J T Shinn, P G Storm, C Stewart, Thos Smith.
J Stiltz, WC Smith, J J Swift, J Somers, A Stines, Dr B Shurtieff. J
Short. T — S D Towne, G Torasins, E Towne, W S Thomas, C C Toler, C
Talbot, R Tucker, J Tucker, G Tucker, W Trubody, J Trubody ,Josiah
Trubody, John Trubody, Willis Trubody, S Tucker, T H Thompson,
J B Troubado, W Topping, G W Thorapson.
U— J UdaU, F Ulhom.
¦V — F Vanhallen, P J Vasquez, A Von Omtzon, A J Vanwinkle, P
Vanberer, S Vallejo, M G VaUejo, C Vangelden,
•^—Z J Weems ,W S M Wright, J Wright, H L Weston, H M Wil
son, J A WiUiams, J Walton, A A White, D W Walker, J G Wilson, J
Wooden, W H Winter, J WUson, J WestfaU, R B Woodward, C B Wines,

38o- THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
J B Walden, J M White, P Ward, W Webb, J B Warfield, F Wilsey, A
Witt, D Wharff, L C Woodworth.
Y— D York, H York, John York,
Z— L W Znager,
The following are the naraes of Pioneers now res'iding in Placer
county, California :
James CoUins, W W Wheeler, J Peterson, J T Kincade, G Harsh, Wm
Johnson, G M Bryant, L L Bunyon, B D Dunbar, T Ackerman. H Man--
sur, B F Smith, G W Thulkel, J D Pratt, G W Applegate, C Silva, A S
Whittimore, J W Smith, J C Boggs, S Adams, W C Wallace, J H Ames.
R W Baum, J Belden, C A Bradford, A L Case, E M Buckley, G BurdeU,
J C Classen, J Coddington, C C Coleman, W H Conly, JT Coryell, J M
Donahue, P J Donahue. C M Dougherty, E A Engleberg, J Findla, F P
Forster, J B Frisbe, J L Given, C F Glein, J M Gourcy, A Goodyear, J
W Miller, T W. Moore, G A Yound, J Tuttie, G W Tyler, O B Turrell,
W H Turner J K Trumbo, A Townsend, G W Vincent, G Torrens, G
W Toombs.
The following Forty-niners are at present residing in Nevada
county, California :
J Anderson, W Ashman, A B Brady, W Bradley, J Blake, W Brady,
W Cunningham, R G McCutchan, L S Calkins, Z P Davis, S H Eddy.
W K Weare, J Lyons, T Henry, H Seymour, T L Hughes, C Justice, J
Lewis, W Taylor, L Williamson, G Wesls, J P Wentworth, J H Went
worth, J Gray, H A Lines, P Hendry, E Withington, O Smith, J B Gil
lespie, C Weisenberger, D A Rich, T Giles, J D Herning, G M Hughes.
Sn Bernard, J H HamUton, H A Searles, Wm Osborne, L Williarason.
S Hunter, Wra Higgins.
Merabers of the Pioneer Association of the City of Marysville,
California: L Ackley, C V Man, M S Cleveland, James Traynor, J H Hanson,
Thomas Dean, H H HoUister, D C Day, Daniel P Newbert, G W Nichol
son, H S Taylor, Chas Baird, A J Sluma, E W Mull, H Barrett, Geo
Merrite, O P Stidger, Lulien Chritien, E H Clements, Daniel Prescott,
C Coe PreU, W M BeU, J G Cornell, W McMurtry, John V McMurtry,
W Downie, Jas Hunter, E C Ross, George P Russell, E M Binninger.C R
Howe, W K Hudson, S M Miles, Eli Teegarden, W H HartweU, James
B Learaan, J A Murry, James Williamson, A W Cutts, John Seaward, G
N Swezy. G R Nightingill. W K McClintock. J G Dow, H S Graves, G

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 331
W Fairie, J R Totman, James T Dickey, E Mattoon, Doming Cuadra.
Joseph Clark, James Reese, A J Hewett, H F Hyde, N D Smith, S T
Brewster, T W Kent, R K Stevenson, H Eiterman, W A McLaughlin,
Henry Weil, L S SuUenger, J Smith, Tartan Smith, J M Braden, Wm
G Murphy, John C Smith, Antone Christian, Benjamin Begelow, LP
Crane, C Westenhaver, John Keller, Stephen Eaton, L R SeUon, Milton
B Gordon, T H Haims, S Biodgett, Edward Hooper, Jotham M Blan
chard, L H Babb, G S Ely, A J Cumberson, John G Briggs, H M Gaz-
lay, L F Craft, Newton Sewell, C F Scholl, S J S Rogers, S R Chandler,
A W Oakley, Francis Heyland, E H Pratt, Phil W Keyser, H J Shulee,
Henry Kerns, A J Lucas, C C Harrington, G Katzenstein, Theo Sicard.
Joseph Lask, John Gebzhaeuse. John Kupser, Thos Alpaugh, Jacob
Tomb, G P Hunt, E Hamilton, Chas H Thurston, Wm Delvine, Jackson
Arnot, B R Lippincott, P Vanclief, S A Blake, A P WiUey, Thomas
Brown, Jacob ^B Clark, James B Stafford. H H Purdue, H H Shuessler,
A J Batch'felor, Henry Heitman, A S Noyes, S C Spengler, Charles E
Swezy, Francis Hamlin, M Pienson, Charles Justis, Thos S Clyma, Wm
E Howell, G E Brittan. E Grifiith, W T Eleven.
Pioneers who joined the El Dorado County Association :
Benj F Post, J Q A Ballard, Col S Altar, L L Ramsay, Jehu Evans,
J L Perkins, A J Lowry, H C Murgotten, E P Vaughn, John R Patten,
Darwin DeGolia, A Coleman, J D McMurray, Dr Ira Glynn, R S Her
nandez, A H Reid, E N Strout, Geo G Blanchard, H S Alien, H W A
Worthen, John P Matthews, Levi Hunsberger, N D Burlingham, Reuben
Twyman, Neal Gallagher, John Angus, George W Frater, James Moon,
Nathaniel B Dryden, John Mosby Price, Paul Mitchell, N F Marrs,
John Price, Henry Day, Henry Mahler, Geo H Ingham, Phil Teuscher,
W R Galleher, John Crocker, B F Edmonds, Robert Chalmers, S F
Child, Jno G Vanderheyden, John Teuscher, C Perry Young, S A Berry,
L B McClain, Charles Barker, Richard Murphy, E S Barney, Mat Mor
gan, Wm Morgan, Thomas Coppinger, George Beattie, A C Dale,
Joshua W Lance, John Gale, Lewis Dubray, James S Hartman, A G
Stewart, A Darlington, T C Nugent, Wm Jones, D W Chichester, H
Brian, M C Metzler, James Bunyon Hume, G J Carpenter, Thomas B
Patten, WiUiam H Cooper, Smith Morill, Wm Leasly, William J Hale,
S J Ensminger, Truraati Wilcox, L C Fisk, Wm F Tripp, J P Wonder-
lich, D Elmendorf, John Cartheche, Isaac Showater, Russell Bronson,
Frank Gerbode, H B Turman, John Henry Dodd, Henry Kennedy,
Maryland S Frasier, George Hunsucker. Nathaniel Lawrence, Jonalthan.
N Lauman. Henry Myers, Ernest Mortenson, H S Hulburd, Charles M
King, J W Foster, S D Colburn, James C Bronson, S O Pierce, Geo H
H Forester, Thomas Davidson, A A Howard, A B Bates, JG Bailey,

382 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA
Samuel Spong, Levi Brown, J P White, Thoraas Anders, Gen'l Phipps>
J W Baldwin, Thomas Beckner, M Fairchild, Wm T Gibbs, John Mc
Claren, Thomas Armstrong, Wm Johnson, S B Dick, Joshua V Lanston.
Henry James, Andrew Jackson Wall, George W Rymal, Robert A
Jeffries, J W E Brown, John Jaraes, Jeremiah W Kendall, Richard Lane,
J H MUler, Jaraes K Shaver, Jesse Couch, O M Taylor, W C Beal, T
G Barton, Flemming Jones, James Creighton, Matthew Q Dennis, Bar
ney O'Rourke, James Sharp, Gilbert Hix, Isaac Yoacum, Sarauel Rob
inson, J T G Chamblin, Almerin Fisk, John Little, Thoraas H Hart, E
T Ramsey, Dr D Stewart Sraith, Wm WeatherUl, John Bishop, J C F
Koepcke, J V Dilley, Dr W E Spencer, E H Perry, Wm C Smith, S J
Ford, Wm Frey, D T HaU, Theo Eisfeldt Sr, E L Kenney, G L Vaughn,
Duncan Ferguson,' John Bunker, Jefferson Baird, Jaraes R Griffin, John
S Fowler, Samuel Kyburz, D B Luken, Wm S Gray, W B Wallace, Mo
ses A Smith, Guillaura Barrette, Geo W 'Vaugah, David, Bennett, Wm
Newland, J G O'Brien, Charles Watson, WiUiara Smith, 'Wm L Rhodes,
John M Rice, Charles W Winstandley, J D Skinner, Wra Krahner, Joe
Brinley, S T Goge, A Connell, A Aitken, John CantreU, William Chris
tian, George E Rigsby, Patrick Martin, A H Reid, Henry Larkin, N
Gilmore, James R Johnson, Charles Broad, Wm Dormody, George W
Simpers, John Hines, Samuel S Wilson, Stephen WUlets, Samuel Flem
ing, H E Cutting, Nick Wonderly. G W Hunter, John Daniel, O E
Shepherd, Geo W Harr, Geo W Ferree, Ed M Wilder, Jacob Winkleman
sr., Henry T Newhall, B F Pollard, Wra Harris, Wm R Davis, IVilber
Read, John Steiner, Augustus T Lee, James M Oxley, D M Richardson, _
A J Wilson, S E Kyburz, Geo W Parsons, Thoraas Leavey, Benj Starr,
J W S Giles, John McFadin, B F Burgiss, John Richraond, Peter WiL
son, John Gould, Wm McCormick, H O Hooper, N Osgood, R G R
Moore, Manuel Snow, Egbert L Wilson, Nicholas Mulick, B F Johns.
E Grant, A J Christie, John Maffey, Robert McBeth, J W Annable, J P
Steele, J W Rupley, H F Lear, B Currier, J Kohn, S T Gage.
Pioaeers of Alaraeda aad Contra Costa Counties :
A — Wm Atherton,
B — Mrs E Baldwin, Wra H Bartling, G Binghara, H A Benson, J L
Bromley, J J Brayman, R Bronson. J M Bulfingtoh. W H Buckley, W S
Burns, Mrs M Buckalew.
C— J CapeH, S J CoUing, A M Church.
D— N R Dabney, J De Bell. H W Driver.
E — J W Easter sr.
F — L Frink, Mrs M A Frink D D Francisco.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 383
G- MrsC Gardner, D W C GaskeU, W T Gibbs, Mrs. C A Gibbs, Z T
GUpin, Mrs, M P Geurnsey.
H— L J Hardy sr.
K— E Kelsey.
L— F G Low.
M — J S Marston, Mrs E B Marston, J Moffitt, A Moore, A B Mont-
ross, S— N SeweU, E A Sherraan, C F SchoU, G W Stewart, Col J Stewart,
Mrs I Somers.
V — J J Vanduyn.
W— W Winnie, Rev O C Wheeler.
Territorial Pioneers living upon the Pacific Coast :
A — C H Aitken, T Anderson, N S Arnold, A B Asher, M Ashbury,
W G Alban, E G Alban,
B— J H Baily, G H Baker, Dr A S Baldwin, J Ball, Thos Bell, Rt
Bell, J C BeU, Rev J A Benton, H C Bidwell, G G Blanchard, P H Blake,
Dr. J Blake, Wm K Black, J A Black, Dr A Blatchley, F A Bonnard, J
W Bone.s, E Bosqui, J W Bost, C T Botts, Dr A J Bowie, A J Bowie jr..
C M Boyd, A C Bradford, E Brown, T A Brown, Mrs E.Baldwin, Wm H
Bartling, H A Benson, J J Braman, R Bronson, W S Burns, T B Biddel.
H B Brooks, S H Brooks, A J Bryant, C H Burton, P H Burnett, D J
Burnett, J M Burnett, J C Burch, W W Burditt, S S Burt, D Bush, H
W Byington, B W Barnes, D C Bryan, C N Blake, Bart Bee. J Brun
ner, L Bartlett, Jas Bovee, Wm H BeU, H Brooks, W K Benjamin.
C— S H Carlisle, O S Carvill, E Case, G A Case, O P Callanay, W L
Cazneau, G Chambers. J I Chamblin, R Chenery, J W Cherry, S J Col
lins, CW Childs, W O Clark, W H Clary, J P Cochran, J CogiU sr., D
¦D Colton, C J Collins. J H Conway, W W Cope, G W Cope, J C Coult.
H S Crocker. M Crooks. P Crowley, J D Crowley, G Chambers, C E
Carpenter. C P Critenden, G W Colby, J S Campbell, F R Crussell, J
Cassin, D— H S Dalliber, T R Davidson, C W Davis, N S Davis, E F Denni
son, James Derham, J Derham jr., J F Derham, J A Donohue, E Don
nelly, M Dimond, M ue La Montague, D Degolia, J I Dougart, R C
Downs, C DriscoU, P Durkin, H Dutton, W H Dobbins M D, R Dins
more, N L Drew.
E~Wra Ede, B B Edraonston, K C Eldridge, J B Emmal, J W
Easter, E E Eyre.

384 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
F— D Farquharson, S C Field, S Figel, G K Fitch, J W Foard, G M
Ford, J B Forner, C W Fox, J Frontin, L Frink, Mrs A Frink, D D Fran
eisco, T S Fouschee, F P B Fouroche, W H Fountleroy, J S Friedman.
G— W E Gallatin, G Garneau, W T Garratt, J W Gashwiler, O F
Gehrick, F A Gibbs, N GUmore, W T Gibbs, Mrs M Guernsey, A J Glad
ding, J Goldman, J R Goodwin, N Gray, T Gray, Wm J Gray, J J Green,
S Greenewald, A K Grim, M Guerin, A S Gould, A M Gray, Wra D Gar
land, S Graves,
H— H Hahn, R B Hall, C Halsey, J M Harbin, H W Harkness, Wm
E Hansell, B Hollingsworth, E E Harvey, John Hays, P Hopkins, J
Hughes, L Hanscora, J Hanson, L J Hardy sr, L J Hardy jr, E Haw
thorne, C E Hazeltine, S Heydenfeldt, J H Hickox, A A Hobe. L J
Hardy, Ricker HiU, HEW Hoffman, S B Holly, H T Holmes T H
Holt, Wm Holden, W H Hooke, R C Hopkins, T Horabin, J F Hough
ton, T W Hubbard, P Huerne. J Humphreys, H L Hosmer, L B Hopkins.
I— A S Iredale, J B IredeU, J D Ijaras, J T Ish, Wm Irelan,
J — J T Jennings, T W Jerrett, H P Jones.
K— D Kanary, J W Keith, Wra F Kells, G W Kidd, A G Kinsey, J
L King, J G Klurapke, D A Kneass, L Krone, T Kyle, J Kemm, T J
' Knipe, L — S D Lamereaux, C B Land, N P Langland, M S Latham, J S
Leavitt, A Ledlie, T J Lee, B F Lee, H R Leonard, L T Lewis, Jacob
Lewis, J F Lighter, A H Lissak, I Lohman, W H Lyon, R Larrymore, M
M Lewis, J C Ledlie. L B Lyman, J H Lindsay, Wm Lincoln, J E Law
rence, Wra S Lowden, J B Lyle, W V Lyon, F G Low, J C Ledlie.
M— W L Marple, D W Martindale, B F Mauldin, Wm McAfee, W
McClintock, J H McCabe, G McDonald, J S Marston, Mrs E B Marston^
A Moore, E McGarry, W H McGrew, G O McMuUin, T McMuUin, D
McNeil, J M McPike, J Mee, D Meeker, W Meeks, S F Merritt, G A.
MiUer, Wm MitcheU, R C Montgomery, A Moon, A G Morton, N S
Morton, J B Morton, H R Morton, G H Morrison, J A Moultrie, Dr S
M Mouser, J Mugan, A Martinon, Wm H Mack, F S Morton, C McEl
roy, C Menne, D S McLellan, I M Merrill, C McLaughlin, A P Minear,
G H Messersraith.
N— S C Nathan, Wm NeUis, T Newcomb, H M NewhaU, W H Nich
ols, A R Nichols. L H Nolte.
0— J O'MaUey, W T O'Neale. C O'Neil, O C Osborn, S Ostrander J
B Owens.
P— R C Page, W L Palmer, G Palache, W Paul, S T Payne, W Pear
son, J W Pearson, S Perkins, J Pershbaker, CH Phelps, L Pickering, F

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 385
Pire, J V Plume. J S Polack, C F Priest, S Phillips, H G Pitman. S J
Pierce, G W H Parker. W W Porter, H C Patrick.
Q — L Quint, T M Quackebnsh.
R— J B Ransom, Wm Randolph, E T Raun, J W Reay, B B Reading,
W C Reed, E A Reece, C H Reynolds, G A Reynolds, W L Richardson,
I Richards, J N Risdon, C P Robinson, Tod Robinson, C J Robinson,
Rt Robinson, E J Robinson, W T Robinson, H E Robinson, G D Rob
erts, F A Rutherford, C T Ryland, E B Ryan, R F Ryan, R H Rogers.
S— J E Selleck, C H Selleck, J W Shanklin, T B Shannon, H Shart-
zer, S W Shaw. H A Shelton. C F SchoU, Alex Smith, Wm H Smith.
Williams Smith, N P Sraith, A Staples, C Stevens, J Stevenson, Dr J D
B Stevenson, W W Stoval, J Stratraan, R R Strain, R O Sturdivant, T
Sunderland, C S Swasey, W F Swasey, Dy Stevens, H Scammon, H Sea
man, C M Smith, C Scull, W H Stevens' P Somerville, E V Sutter, J G
Severance. T— G I Taggart, A S Taylor, W H Taylor. Lloyd Tevis, Dr. M R
Tewksbury, S C E Thayer. U B Thomas, G W Thomas, H D Titcomb, J
H Titcomb, J R Travers, J Travers, Geo Torrens. C R Thorne, J Tomp
kins, Dr J B Trask, T A Talbert, W J Tinnin.
V — R T Van Norden, J L Van Pragg, J Vance, L Vesaria,
"W— J Wade, J F Wade, T N Wand, C L Weller, W Weston, P J White.
HFWhitcher.F E R Whitney. J L Wilson, J S Williams, H F WiUiams.
M W WiUis, E L WiUard, Edd Willard, J Winchester, W Windsor, H
Winkle, J Winterburn, G F Worth, J Wright, WF Wyatt, C D Wallace,
R R Wallace, J W Wesson, P J Wood, Wra Weston, F L Weeks, J W
Winters, Wm Winters, J H Wilson, F E Warren, A A Williamson.
Z— C J Zabel.
FoHowing are the names of a portion of the old Forty-niners who
are now living in various parts of the Union, who do not belong to
any Pioneer Association, and numbering about 1,200.
A— L K Adams, V Anthony, D T Abbott, H Allen, H Atwood, Mr
Ashe Aughinbaugh, J G Alindu, J M Adams, H Amos, C H Allen,
W V S Annin, P Appling, H W Anderson, S T Allen, T Ashton,
A C Adams, F Anderson, W C Asher, D Akley.
B— N B Bennett, J M Brock, J Bamfield, W H Bodfish, Capt R S
Bodfish, W S Boyder, Mrs N B Berryman, J Bannister, T H Binney,
M Braumgan, Wra BeU, R Banks, J W Brown, J E Brown, J N Brown,
F Benjamin. J Brooking. E Brown, I Brownell, Capt Badger, J Burns,
W H Brown. J M Beth, F M Baker, H Bush, J W Barnes, E Burson.

386 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
J A Bartlett, E D Bartlett, H D Bartlett, C C Bartlett, John BuU,
H Blair, D F Bradford, P F Bradford, B B Bishop, B F Buttler, —
Brower, Major W Bradford, Wra Buchannan, Mary E Baley, A D Burke,
D Burris, G Beesman, F A Bee, Mrs, Batterman, R W Bancroft, W J
Brown, J Beale, A D Bayles, J T Burkett, S Ballou, Mrs Branch,
H H Burwell, S W Briggs, A N Bell, W I Bailey. E G Burger, John
Baxter, A Braunagan, J T Boley, J F Bernard. A J Biglow, J B Burr,
H C Beals, E S Bennett, R M Brock, Dr C BurreU, W M Borden,
T J Bedford, J Brown Jr, J F Bateraan, Catherine M Brown, E W Burr,
W Bosworth, J H Bailey, F Bates, G W Branch, Mrs M Branch, G H
Briggs, J Q V A Brown, E Burton, V Baker, N S Bennett.
C— C D Cleaveland, J W ChUes, C SCram, W A CampbeU, S Colling,
G F Culbertson, John Cornelius, W H Card, W Cooper, H Classen,
C W Childs, S W Carr, Myron Culver, I Cooper, Thqs Clark, J C Cas
well, J A Cunningham, A Cushing, Mrs D Chaetin, W D Carter, E S Code,
C Cushman, J Cavanaugh, J M Carter, L Cleman, J Christy, J ColUns.
R S Groom, G W Cook, C W Cook, J H Crocheron. H M Carter.
H B Chase, G W Chedie, W P Clohey, Wm L Cofiin, A W Clough,
J B Clark, S S Culverwell, S R Chayotte, W L Carpenter, F Chapellet,
J P Charaberlain, J Chew, F F Culver, R Christian, N J Christian,
D F Choate, A D Champney, J M Catron, A B Carter, G D Connor. ,
J F Cloutman, J H Cills, J M Conway, Miss E C Coumbe, F Cooper,
Chas Cambers, G M Coll, W J Clark, Mrs M Conrad, John Conrad,
Geo Conrad, Jackson Conrad, P A Chalfant, J Capell, James Cass, A L
Clend, Capt G Clinch, J M Cary, W P Callahan. .
D— H B Davis, Dixon & Wife, H E Dudley, S C Dicus, W E Dodge,
Susan Dixon, H K Dean, Mrs A M Dickinson, D H DUle, C B Darwin,
H Detels, J J Dean, G Douglass, John Dugan, W A Dashiel, C J G
Doveton, B F Dennison, J L Durkee, J B F Davis, — DuUord, J A Dou
glass, B H Dean, A L Downer, — Diggs, E A Dean, Alex Drysdale James
Donahue, E G Dietz, Mrs D B Durant, D O Dodge. C H Dewey.
J Delano, J W Dager, B Deraing, R E Doyle, J Dameron, J M DarneU,
D D Dutton, J P Duncan, J P DeGroph, Wra Dresser, A L Downer.
E — Robt Egbert, Oliver Egbert, John Egbert, Rensalaer Ellis,
T F Eyres, R K Emerson, A C Ensley. F Elery. T M Estey, Mr Eisen-
hardt. T Ellsworth, JAG Edwards, Mr Enows, J T Eckerson, M Eagan,
W Eaves, J E Eastman, Mr Edmonstone, O E Eckelraann, J R Ellison,
F— Mrs C J Furiong, G S Faulkner, A Ford, G K Fitch, P Flannegan,
E J Fowler. L B Fine, A C Fine, Mrs Louisa Fine, Dr A Fine, J R E
Fine, J H Flannigan, MrsGFritch,0 H Foster, J H B Foster, FS Free
raan, J B Farney, W K Fenton, B N Fox, I Ferguson, W B Floyd,
J C Fithian, R J Forbes, A H Ferguson, Jaraes Fulton, G H Fisher,

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 387
J W Frye, R M Field, James Field, Vincent Foster, Chas Foulke,
S Fenley, J K Field, Capt Faral, W T Fitzpatrick, C C Foley, Mrs M
Ford. D Fairchild, E H Ferris, Mr L Feliz.
G— W H Gibbs, J S Gibbs, B T GiUum, H Garcelon, A B Galbraith,
H Grissim, L Guinard, G G Gardner, A K Grimm, Mrs C Guthrie,
P Gordon, W A Gardner, T M Gregory, M Green. J R Gilbert, Mis M
Gordon, J Gardner, Asa Gage, W N Geepslill, J H Guigley, G F Gashan,
C D Gibbs, E P Givens, J H Gordon, A Griffith, L F Geisse, G Grotes-
end, J M Garovette, G F Geisse, G W Green, F G Goff, L N Gates,
Major Glinn, J Goldman, C A Granger, S W Gildersleeve, J Gard.
D Gard, Wm Gard, L Gard, J Giles, E A Gibson, J Goodale, H C Gloni-
sin, Wm GoodhaU, J Greene, Mrs W Grigg, G W Grawnis, G Goodridge,
E Gove, Thos Gihon, Wm GUbart, G A Gillespie, R Grippin.
H— J Hart, H V Herbert, WDL HaU, N B Hoyt, G W Harris, L
Harnett, J J Higgins, W G Hudson, G Harris, — HoUaday, J A Hop
kins, G M Harris, L B Howes, Josiah HaU, S Hudson, J Hudson, T S
Hamilton, D M Hansom, W P Hansom, T Hinckley, W Holder, S S
Hussey. A C Hosmer, C C Hyde, A A Hicox, Margaret M Hicox, A N
Hicox, Hamden Hicox, J W Haly, O C Hawkins, W A Hamilton, J J
Hendrickson, W W Haney, T Hinkley, J HoUingsworth, Mrs J N M
Haddock, Wm HaU, Jothan Howland, C R Hoppin, W H Huston, Mrs
E H Haley, J Heywood, J P Hoyt, N Hawk, Mrs E Hawk, W H Hawk.
Mrs B H Hoag, Mrs T Harrison, J Hilly, Sam Hicks, Chas Hicks, John
Hagan, James Hagan, Tom Hale, Ed Hearn, J Howerton, J J Ham
mond, I J Harrington, W H Hester, J B Henry, Mrs F Hutchinson,
James HaU, E W Howe, W Hendrie, W L Hopkins, G W Hebron, J T
Holmes, N W Hulse, JPB HiU, L E Harthan. A H Hoos, — Hitchell,
M Heallim, S Hudson, C S Hatch, Asa Howard, I M Haley, James
Hilly, J V Harrison, D Hamilton, Jaraes Heard, N E Hanson, J F Han
son, D A Hanson, A HaU, J B HorreU, A C Hewitt, J J Hendrickson, A A
Hyatt, J Hobart, P Hays, W Hays, A Hemme, C Hammerschmidt, Wm
Hopper, H M Hervey, P A Haven, W C Holman, S B Hooton, C A
Hough. J — H Jones, J R Jacobs, B Jacobs, D Johnson, W N Jenkins, R
Jenkinson, Thos Jenkinson, H B Janes, Jarvis Jewitt, J H Jacobs, J M
Jackson, W S Jacks. W T Jamesot E Johnson, J H Jones, W Jew
ell, jr, Jasper Jurgens. H F Johnson, R Josephi, A Jurmel, H Jones.
Wm Jones, S W Johnson.
K— J C Kemp, J E KimbaU, J A Kenny, Dr J Kunkler, D Klanbery,
S J KeUog, M L King, W A Knight, B F Kellum, D Kenyon.
N Kuell, E D Ketchum, A G Kennan, A F Karchi-(/al, B M Kelly,
A D Kelly, C Kean, COD KeUy, W L Knox, T Kingsbury, L Keyser,

388 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
C C Knight, E T Keyser, G Klayber, E R Keynon, Mrs F Kripp, H Ken
daU, G P Kellogg, G Kinney, S B Kingsbury.
L— J H LoweU, G M Lowrey, C H Lamon, W B Ludlow, A C Long-
more, G B Lusington, M M Lucas, Mrs Kate Laraar, R T Liddle, J C
Layton, J H Leonard, B Lequilous, C Latirner, H Lusk, John Lawson.
D G Laraoree, Mrs D Loyn, B Lincoln, C E Lang, W N Leet, S Longley,
Mr Lipp, W F Levens, W S Lyon, Con Lare, Rev J L Leach, Mrs Annie
Leach, R Lewis, R Lane, R H Lawrence, F C Lorins;, C F Loring,
D Locke, T Labadie, Mrs Eliza Lambert, R Latham, Mrs Latham,
C C Luttrell, Nancy LuttreU, Ed Lyon, A B Lafarge, C W Lawless,
M R Lard. :
]y[ — J Murphy, McRoberts, ^ T Mordecia, G May, Wra Mock,
H Myers, Mrs J E Morton., W J Marsh, Wm McCroney, M McLaughlin,
D C McKenney, W H Morony, D H Meyers, E F Morse, J R Megar-
regle, W L Manley, Mrs J McGreen, J McCbapin, J C Merrill, J H Mc
Casland, G £ Mulhause,T Mooney, A L Murphy, C Marsae, I S Mathews.
T G Martin, G McCroskey, J D McCoomb, T Manser, W E Miller,
P Murphey, McCauley, G Meredith, McDaniel, J McKew, Wra McNers.
Mrs S P Martin, Mcllwain, H P McCleare, B F Mead, E Moore, A J
Moulder, F M Montague, J W Myrick, E A Moore, E E Matteson,
Wm Magee, D Markham, N H Meany, M Martines, E H Marton, Mrs
E McDoweU, L B Myers, Wm McGriff, W K MUler, J MorreU,P A Maul
din, J S Morris, H Moore, C R Mayhew, Mayhew Sr, F R Meyer, J O
Mahony, D O Mahony, J F Madden, Jerorae Madden, J W McCabe,
W S Moses, H R Morton, F Murrow, Robt MiUs, Isaiah MitcheU,
G M Mory, S B Martine, Wra H McKinston. ~^
N— C Nelson, S P Nye, U S Nye, W N Nesbit, J NichoU, G F Nourse,
John Noonan, J N Noble, Capt A F Noles, John Nesbit, S N Norton,
Capt H M Norton, T Nugent.
0— T W Osborn, G W Ousley, J C Owen, J O'Brien, B S Osborn,
O Owens, P A Owens, M G Oakley, R Owen, James Olds, S R Osgood,
W Odenheimer.
.P— D W Payson, GT Purdy, J F Perry, G J Phelan, H A. Pike, Mrs
T Pendegrast, F Peterson, G A Poor, S W Prothero, G Pfeifler, J Pryon,
Jose Pina, W H Peck, T H Porter, Theop'ls Pugh, S A Potter, W M
Powers, J Q Packard, J Paine, LlewUyn Pierce, M S Prime, S A Pollard,
H M Peck, Wm Paty, A B Paul, W O Phillips, Mr Parazett. W J
Pleasants. J E Pleasants, Joseph Paine, R Parke, Capt D Poole. E S
Penfield, J T Palmer, A J Patman, G W Powell, R L Patton. F F
Pardee, E H Perry, R J Porter.
R— J W Robertson, V Ramella, F D Robinson, J Rackliffe. S A

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 389
Rackliffe, F E Ruggles, Mrs Maria Rich, A G Read, Wm Ricketts, W
H Ratenbury, Revel Robinson, J Runyon, A W Rice, F H Reynolds,
C P Reno, E Reynolds, G C Raney, J Reddick" H Rhodes, A E Raynes,
A Richter, C F Reed, H W Rice, M Redding, J C Remp, S J Richard
son, J W Rodgers, J A Rhodes, Jasper Rand, M D C Ruddock, F Rohrer.
C Rohrer, L Rogers, N S Reynolds, P Ragan, Mrs J W Reiley, C E
Raabe, Mrs E Rust, E W Richardson, C Roadhouse, W O Reynolds.
J Ritchie, A Requa, R Rhead.
S— Capt W A Shelley, Dr S S Skiff, C G Shipman, W N Steuben,
T Smith, P G Strickland, J D Snowdon, G ASnook, W Snook, B F Shep
ard, Mrs E M Sparks, E M Sparks, J Scouler, J Soraers, Alex Scraggs, M A
Sawtelle, J Stickney, Philip Stoner, Mrs NSwietzer, Isaac Swietzer, James
Swietzer, Lowery Sweitzer, Lafayette Sweitzer, Cornelius Sweitzer,
Henry Sweitzer, George Sweitzer, Caroline Sweitzer, Julia Sweitzer,
Sam Smith, G W Spring, M W Styles, R B SneUing, Otis Smith, B B
Sullivan, J A Shiercoff, J P Smith, O Streshdy, O K Stampley, S W
Sharp, F Subletts, A Schell, Mrs S R Strike, J P Schanty, P Stoner,
W C R Smith, S S Short. J Strinart, D B Sanborn, J G Sanburn, G H
Shoemaker, C E Stevens, C R Story, E Southwick, W M StiUwell, W J
Swales, G Shriver, J S Scott, S A Scott, H Smith, H H Shuffleton,
A J Speegle, Mrs A J Speegle, T K L Smith, N H Spenser, B S Soth
ern, B. Schneider, Wm Sraith, R Swain, C H Sraith, A Sherman,
— Schwatha, F Sanderson, L Sanderson, J Stuart, H H Shuffleton,
M Singleton, W SuUaway, E N Strout, Capt S M Strain. W H Stevens.
C T Seavy, R L Smurthwaite Dwight Spencer G H Sprague, Sarah
E Stampley, Mrs W I Stevens, G W Skey, R Shackelford, Dema
Strong, Geo Sturtevant, Mrs S A Somerset, Mrs M E Sabine, B F
Stoakes, G Story, T Stephenson, L Swan.
T— F Thomas, J A Towle, J B Taber, A R Tompkins, V Thompson.
G B Tebbett-s, Mrs M A Turner, J B Taylor, John Thompson, H D Tay
lor, S Talbox, N A Tyler, S W Taylor, P Teuscher, M Thorpe, T H
Thompson, J S ToUes, C Trowbridge, Mrs N Thompson, W B Taylor,
W J Tisdale, J Thomas, E Taylor, Mrs L Tucker, C Todd. R R Truitt,
J R Truit, H Truit, B K Thom, C Tiong, H M Tice, A Trafton, Mrs A
Trafton, C F Travis, P Trushee.
U— G H Urban, M UUman.
V— C Vandyke, S Visher, D Van Nordan, C Van Dotten, Van Wie,
J J Van Alen, W M Vance, A M Van Horn.
W— B M Wats, W B WUton. J A WiUis, J P White, Dani Wood, J
H Washburn, Mrs O WUliams, Orcesna WUliaras, J L Wetmore, C Wi'-
son, J F WinseU, J A WiUiams, W W White, J Whiting, Louis Wol'-"
Capt G Worth. H Wenchcomb, W F Williams. Mrs W T Woods O

390 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Woodward, T Williams, O C Wheeler, Col Wolfe, John Wolfe. Wm W
Wilkins, Capt M White. M C Winchestsr, Mas Westphal, W C Wright,
R B Wright, J WUkinson, R Weeks, D Williams.E WiUiard; E P
Wright. L D Wells. H Wagner, J WiUiams, F Williams, Wm Wheeler,
C Ward. G Worth, Mrs G Worth, Gregg Worth; H Waren sr, J H
Watson, Aug WiUiams. J Wallace, H Woodcock, J E Wood. E L
Willard, D C Webster, J O Wheeler. H Z Wheeler. H C White, J D
Whittle, F WUcox, L D Webb, E M Woodman, H Woodd, G F Worth,
J W Woodman. L Weber. F P Wehe. H S Waterman, G K Watson,
Slvys White, G E White. C WiUson, F F Whittier, Wm Wood, Col H
Winchester. Dr Jn Walker.
Y— J P Yaney. G Young. C P Young.
Z — J C Zumwalta. J Zackaty. M ZeUerbach.
Members of the New York City Pioneer Association.
^ A— E R Anthony, W C Annon. G H Andrew's, ^ T Avery,W C
Aurain.- ¦...'>.-
B— Thos Barclay. Silas Babcock, R G Berford. Jn Benjamin, R W
Benedict. Fdk Billings. J J Bloomfield. Jacob Brinckerhoff, Silas W
Brainard, B J Brewster. W M Burgoyne, L H Bunnell, Gen E FBeale,
Cof E F Burton. ...
C— M B Carpenter. F D Clark. S L Clapp, Dr G R Cotton, Wm Col-
ligan, G A Corgan, Jediah Conklin. Genl M D Corse. L W CogsweU.
H S Crandall. J P Curry. D W Clegg.
D— GEDean.
E— -J S Ellis, J C Eraerson, Jos Evans, G B EUery.
F— A C Ferris. F P Fitts. W H Folsom. Nathn Fordham, Smi
Fordham, S B French, C Fl'ower.
G— Jn Gault, G R Garniss, W M Gamble, G R Gainin. R B Gheradi.
Genl H G Gibson, A F GoodeH. 
H— Benj Hartshorn, E J Hall. W A Hoeber. G Hower, B.M Hait-
show, Capt W H Hudson, C P Huntington. Jn HuH.
I — Gen Rufus Ingalls.
J — Rt Jenkins, O B Jennings, G H Johnson.
K — Eugene Kelly, J R Keene. Lawrence Kipp. W B Kinney. Leonard
Kipp, D W Klemhaw, A M Kennady.
L — John Lairabeer. F B Lattimer, G W Learned. A B Ludlow, LucD
Loeser, Jared Lockwood, W J Logan, A O Larkin, L L Lombard.

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 391
M— S L Merchant, L R Means, D O MiUs, Nathl Miller. J J Milham,
M D Morgan, I A Moran, C J Murphy, Russl Myers, J J McCloskey.
C J McPherson, M T McMahon, H F McDermott, Mchl McCann.
A J McCall, H C Mattisell.
N — J E Nuttman,
P— W H Paulding, R J Paulison, T L Patterson. C H Pendegrast,
Dr Alex Perry, J M Pray, J H Pratt, Gen F E Pinto. G D Puften,
R M Price.
R — A H Rathbone, G E Raum, J P Robinson, Stephen Roberts,
Wm Roberts, G B Roys, W H Rogers, Thos RusseU, E T Richardson,
P C Rush, J C Richmond, J H Robertson.
S — C W Schamann, H B Schamann, J J Schoonraaker. W T Sher
man, W J Sherwood, Jas Shindlar, W F Shirley, Jn Sickels, Hy Smith.
Lucas Smith, Rt SomervUle, J E Spinney, J A Sperry, C A Sprague.
Demas Strong, C R Street, Chas Stern, J S Stevenson, I P Stephens.
J W Sutton, Gen T W Sweeney, J M Selover.
T — J A THrockraorton, S R Thorne. W N Thompson, Hy Thomp
son, Jas Thompson, L P Thursby, J D Townsend, Fdk Townsend, H L
Twiggs, W L Tyson, C H Therman, Jas Trimble.
Y_A A Vantine, Geo Van Vechter, D P Vail. D L Vanderhayden.
W— Chas Watrous, W M Watson, J E Walker. B E Watson. J H
Welch, T J WeUs, H A Weeks, Hy Wilson, M D WUber. W H WUliams,
Thos Wilson, J M Wiltsie, Rev Albert Williaras, Jn Wolfe, V S Wood
ruff, E H Winchester,
The naraes of Pioneers now residing in the city of Baltimore and
vicinity :
Lieut W H Watkins. W A Wentz, J F Hunter. G Meredith. J L
Stieff, J W Nurasen, E M AbeU, T S Stratton, J Sputer, T C Button, R
Griffith, Dr J S Martin, B Trotters, E Pierce, J Clements, T I Grot-
yan, C Markland, Ed Hyat, N H Jennings, D R I Hall, Rt Read, Dr S
H Martin, T G Morrow, James Johnson, Daniel Donnelly, D C Kone.
H Bowers, W E Stuart, Wm Hull, D French, Joseph Auer, H B Tivin-
ing, C W Pnlman, E Drey, Rd Turner, Jas Clements, H B Tivining.
John Mauldin, E A Miller, P T Dawson, James Nugent, Wm Deviere
G V Phelps, C Wick, John Ellicott, G M Tower, I Myers, A Coopers
J R Gould, W H Jenkins, W E Banks, D French, S Merritt, J H Handy.
Following are the names of Pioneers resident of Washington,
D, C:
Col Wintersmith, T E Hatch, J A Smith, J T Harbach, J C McKebben,

392 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Gen H C Gibson, S M Briggs, Capt L L Blake, J H Magruder, E B Mac-
Groty, J R Howard, T C Murr, G T Dawson, J C MiUer, W H Barstow,
J F Molere, John Prier, R Welier, H Brock, G H MiUer, Gen St Clair
Denver, T Cavanaugh, D Seeles, Judge W W Wiyllie, M D Wegand, J
H Hopkins, T J Nelson, W H Claggett, Dr T O HiU, C Noyes, G C
Gorham, WC Mclntyre, Admiral Almy, W W Belknapp, Col F B Shaf
ter, L V Reeves, W H Derapsey, J W Butler, Scott Towers, J D Darden,
T O Partridge, C H Stenyon jr, J Burroughs, W C Dodge, H KUbourne,
John Mullan,
Members of the New England Pioneer Association, Boston, Mass.
A — -lohn Adams, Edward P Adams, Chas M Abbott, D R Arnold,
Henry M Arnold, Cyrus C Atwell, Isaiah Aubens, Eugene B Atwell.
B — Fred K Ballou, Francis M Ball, Saml P Barker, George Barron,
J Prescott Blake, A J Bolton, Nicholas Bovey, Harvey, Bowen, Henry
W Bowen, Henry T Bowman, John Boyd, David S Boynton, Geo L
Bradley, Albert H Breed, Caleb T Briggs, Charles A Brown, Theodore
Brown, Ephraim Brown, Jaraes Burdick, John A Burgess, Noah P Bur
gess, Wra Cyrus Barker, Jas Henry Burnett, Geo H Buxton, Alonzo
Buxton, Fred L Beaman, Wm Henry Benton,
C — R Earl Carpenter, Samuel Carr, Morse L Capen, Chas E Chapin,
Saml A Chapin, Andrew J Chase, Wm Chatfield, Richard Chenery,
Greenville H ChUd, Albion Chipraan, Daniel A Clark, Geo C Clark,
JuUius L Clarke, Leander W Cogswell, Jonathan Cobb, Moses S Colby,
Elihu W Colcord, Eph S Colley, John Conness, Cornelius Cooledge,
Stephen A Connell, Wra F Coudrey, Geo H Cushman, Geo A Cushing,
Oliver S Cressy, Geo W Crampton, Seth R Clark.
D — Chas Augustus E Dole, Thos Franklin Dyer, Wm J Dunkham,
Jaraes M Drew, Richard Dowst, Augustus L Dole, Mary L Davis, Joseph
Delong, Walter S Dickson, Jos B Dillaway, Olney Dodge. Jonathan
Davis. E — Hosea BaUou Ellis, John H Evereth. George Emerson, Shirley A
Elsbee. F^Chas Henry Fifieid, Araos E Fillebrown, Josiah Fitz 3d, Warren
Fletcher, Geo W Forristall, Henry M Forristall. Nathaniel Fuller, Step
hen White Foster.
G — Benj S Grush, Robert D Griggs, Benj F Griggs, Chas C Green
ough, Jas Arteraas Green, Jas S Green, Cyrus Greely, Isaiah Graves,
Edward Y Graves, Araos E Graves, Jaraes A Grant, Joshua B Grant,
Geo W Goldsmith, John H Goldsmith, Chas B Goodrich, Loring W
Gleason, John Glancy, Lemuel Gilson, G D Gilraan. John W Gilchrist,

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALFIORNIA. 393
Chas F Gifford, Isaac Gardner, Albert W Gale, Edwin Gage, Saml W
Gage. H — Richard Harrington, Augustus Harrington, Josiah Hayward,
Jos E Huse, J M Huraphrey, Henry G Hubon, Joseph Morrill Hoyt,
Thos L Howland, Joseph Holmes, Geo L Hodgkins, Royal P Hodges,
Joseph Hillard, Henry R HUdreth, Alfred C HUl, Wm L Henderson,
R B Henderson, Chas B Hazeltine, Thos E Hatch, Joseph Hastings,
Fred C Hansen, Albert Hamlet, RobertC HaU, Stephen A HaU,Francis
L Hall, WHH HaU, Elias J Hale, WiUiara W Hale, R F E Hahn, Isaac
F R Hosea, GW Holly. _ '
J — Cha,s A Jordan, John Johnston, Saml W Jennings, John Jackson.
James Jackson,
K — Nathan Keith, Alonzo Kinsley, Henry W Kingsbury, Mark D
KimbaU, Chas F Kittredge, Isaac B Kirby.
L — -J H Learned, Wm P Leavitt, Philander D Leonard, Edwin Litch
field, Geo W Litchfield, Geo C Lord, Wra K Lambert, Henry L Law
rence, Daniel W Lawrence, Allen C Lawrence, Geo E Lurgarder.
]y[ — Geo Henry Mann, Saml T Manson, Benj T Martin, Jas D Mc
Avoy, Thos C MiUer, Thos E Merrill, Obed B MerrUl, Henry B Miller,
Thos S MitcheU, Abner J Moody, Andrew J Morton, F B Mower, David
A Mowry, Wm Vose Monroe, Wm McMurphy, Jas F B MarshaU, Alex
ander McLaren, Jesse MerrUl,
N — Daniel W Nason, Joseph G Nelson, John Norton, Wm Norton,
Eph Lo-well Noyes.
0 — Stephen Osgood.
P — Lowell Parker, Sarauel Parr, David G Patterson, Isaac S Pear,
Fred E Pease,Edward Pease, Lewis C Peck.WiUiara Perkins, Dr Daniel
C Perkins, Albert Perry, Wm F Perry, Capt Peter Peterson, John J
Philbrook, Charles Pickett, Wm H Pierce, Seth H Pinkhani, Wm Gard
ner Prescott, Alfred N Proctor.
ft — John Quinn.
R— William H Rand, Chas J Randall, Wm W Reed, S N Ryder, Geo
D Rice, Seth Rich, A R Richardson, Alonzo H Richardson. Thos Howe
Robinson, WiUiara RusseU.Soloraon S Rowe, Burnham Royce, MarshaU
Russell. S— Jonathan SaUsbury, Charles Saville, Henry Schrow, Henry B
Shute.Samuel Snow.Edward B Souther,Isaac Stone,Charles E Stumcke.
Chas T Sturacke, Geo H Stickney, J K Stickney, Darius N Stevens
Moses Gilbert E S Steele, Henry A Stearns. Wake B Spurr, Charles

394 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Spencer, M D Spaulding. J C Spaulding. Henry Souther. R G Smith.
T— Amasa Taylor, Newton Talbot, D D taylor, J B Thoraas, Wm H
Thoraas, J H Thorason. Geo H Tilton. Wm J Towne, Wra Henry Towne.
L O Towne. ' ; ;
U — S J Upton, Franklin Upton.
V — Lyman A Vaughn.
W— Edwin D Wadsworth, Seth D Wakefield, Henry J WeUp, Wm
M West, Saml Gutter Weston, John Captain Weston, Horam E Weston
Peter Whearty, Horace Wheeler, Augustine Whitney, David S Whit
ney, Benj Franklin Whittemore. Isaac R WUkinson. George WiUard,
George R Williaras, John N Wood. Edwin P Worster. Eben Nelson
Walton, Richard R Wyllie.
Y — Jefferson Young.
By the kindness of Mr. F. D. Clark, I give the names of the sur
vivors bf Col; Stevenson's regiment. 'This regiment sailed from the
city of New York in the fall of '46, and arrived in CaHfornia, March
6, 1847. Col. Stevenson is now eighty-eight yeairs of age ahd a resi
dent of S. F, •• "
Capt W G Marcy. A Perry (surgeon). W C Parker (asst), Rev J M
Leavenworth; E F Dunitch (musictan). E Hauff (musician, J C L Wads
worth, (clerk), W Chipman, M CahiU, R Clamp. G E Dean, J Flood, S
O Houghton, E Irwin, J McDonough, R Myers, L A Munson, J O Sul
livan, J B Parvin, M W Perry. W H Rogers, J ScoUan. J J Schoon
raaker, T R Saunders, J W Thomas. J Thorapson, L P Thursby, J A
Tait, Wra Wooley, W H Williams, H C Mattsell. T E Ketcham. F M
Osgood, A J Ward, R Wybourn, Aaron Stow. J P Ames, E R Brigham,
S A Catts, A S Cunningham. J Gallagher. A A Green, G J Graff. C
Heinrich, J Horndell, P Lynch. A J Moore, C J McPherson, J E Nutt
raan, A Ostwaldt. S W Pearsall, C H Thurston. Wra Weiss, C S White,
G D Brewerton. T R Perlee. J Aurweller, W S Green. H Kamp, A G
Russ, G Story, L C Washburn, C Zetschsky, J A Chandler, G A Corgan.
F D Clark, G C Dean, J Harron, E M Smith. John Wood. A R Abbott,
J Ruggles, A W Janes, W L Johnson. C Lipp. D MulhoUand. A Moore.
G Myers, J W Norris, J B PhiUips, W D Robinson, J Sims.G W Toombs,
P K Woodsides, J Wolfe, A Young, Capt N Taylor. E Williams, E Bul
lock, W O Baxter, C Briggs, J A Bartlett, I C Johnson. G W M Leon
ard. A Soeurvoit, J H Welch, G J Graff, Capt F J Lippitt, H S Carnes,
A E Engelberg, A Flying, J Lynch, G MUlhause, E N Milford, C SuUi
van, D Frink, J Knight. D C Remington. August Russ, C C E Russ,
W Shurts, C Schlotthoeur, P Sessor, A Whitaker, O W Willis. J Mc H

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 395
Hollingsworth, J H Adams, J Kleinshooth. A Pfister, E D Shirland.
C Schroter, T J Wells. R Wilson. Capt J B Frisbie, G N Cornwell,
W H Folsom, Wm Grow, A Gehringer, R M Goldwaite, J H Lappens,
G W Lathrop, Wm L Lampmann, S G Merrill, Joseph Reid, G Van
Vechten. P B Hewlett. J Evans, J C Emerson, C Hitt. W Luker, J A
Vincent, K F Leach, J H Merrill, J H McKay.
The following Pioneers are at present residing in the Atlantic
States, - Col A C Ferris, John H Fisher. John Gault. Gen H G Gibson USA.
A T GoodeU. R R Griffith, Joseph B Hill, Geo H Johnson, Hon Corn
elius Lydecker. Lemuel R Mears, Gilmon Meredith. Capt R W Meade
TJ S N, James J McCloskey. Robt H McKune, Richard J Paulison, Silas
H Quint, Jotm Sickles, H B Scharman, Gen T W Sweeney U S N. John
D Townsend, Henry L Twiggs, Wm M Walton, Henry WilsOn, Jas M
Wiltsie, Gen Francis Darr, Stephsni Merchant, G B Roys, Hon M D
Wilber, H L Wister, Wra Colligan, I Robinson Warren, L L Lombard.
R G Berford, Dr G Q Colton, Chas R Street. L Colt, S Baker, M. Bene
dict. T Evershed, S B Farman, T J Griffiths, W R Hopkins, W S Hard,
H Hadden, B L Horton, S T Miller, Wm Hall, A S Marvin, G A Mirick,
L Moses, T C Orean, J H Rochester, R Smith, Mr Ausburg, D B Allen,
E L Burnham, M Bannigan, J R Batchelder, Hy Brown, R Cummingis,
Capt Corastock, Alex Cuttler, G Godfrey, J French, G S Ford, Jos
Gardner, Wm Hayward, Hubd Hunt, E Hillyer, J T Jackson, E- J Jack
son, A B Light & Wife, G W McLean, Augs Nicols,- G C Penfield, C
Radcliffe, B Reinolds, J B Richardson, G A Raymond. Theo Russell,
J P Hunt, John MuUan, J Morrill, L Saunders, J T Turner. W Vinyard.
Nathl Weed, Lorenzo Wood, H Washburn, Capt Byers. J F Morris,
C S Cummings, A B Cooke, John Howard Jr.
Following is a list of a-portion of those Pioneers who crossed the
continent for California in 1849.
Corapany that left Meraphis, Tenn., March 21st.
Capt J C Bradley, W L Bradley, J D, L D & H D Berry, W Thomp
son, M B Cook, Dr Kennerly, J A Jackson, A C Gibson, W C Stone,
W C Davis, W Jennings, D Humphrey, D M Poole. J McKinney, Wm
Stephenson, Capt R S Miller, W Hubbard, T Nixon, G Applegate, R
Applegate. A A Gray. Wm Mann, E Forster, G Carpenter, S McMiller.
R Bfearley. Gapt M D Floyd, F Neely, Pat Fanning, G R Henson, Mr
Taylor, J Murphy, B H Rankin, Robt Steele, R B Foster, J Y Silvers.
B M Doxey. H B Woodward, Beri Woodward, Jn Greshan, Jn Willis,
R S Wright, R Y Kirckpatrick, Willis & R B Macon, Capt Faquharson,

396 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Rev M M MarshaU, Rev J M Small, Dr W A, J & J C RusseU, R C Mc
Elvin, H R Street, R McKinney, Jas Pearson, C A McDaniel, R E CJil-
lians, J J Greer, C N Slater, J W Horton, T D Murray, J R Boyles, B T
Commour, B T Ramsey, J McCartney, E B Reinhart, N N James, J E
Clarke, J A Zinley, Chas Mosley, A M Batie, R E Patrick, W R Arnett
J P Homan, D F Mallan, Arthur King, M S Franklin, T H White, A S
Fulton, T Moran, JDS Sullivan, Jn McKeon, M Gafney, C Sleeper, H
WUliams, Jos White, Perry White, Dr J H Holmes, M Rudolph, J H
Anthony, E Houston, Jas Littlefield, Dr C R CuUer, Dr L L Battle,
Wm Perry, Dr W W Nelson, A Q Faush F Faush, H W C Nelson,
J Prother, J A Bevid, Dr W Kitrell, R J Featherston, W Skinner,
W G Williams, B Lanier.
From Arkansas, April i6.
Tom Hughes, H Dwinal, Dr J E Pelham, W B Searey, Jn Stone.
Lloyd Magruder, J R Seary, Wm Hughes, J G Malcomb, S Waugh,
P Cheney, Eli Ward & Son, Capt S Williams.
From Iowa, April 5.
F W Brooks, Wm Moore, Lafayte Brooks, Rubn Worrell, G Worrell,
J S Mc Clure, Jer Freel, P Jackson, J S Mathis, L Fouts, L P Reed,
Moses Jordon, Mr. SideU & Wife, Pres Dunlap, M McCaslin, Eph Moore.
Jas Taylor, C H Jordan, Geo Pearson, Wrn Hendrie, Luther Mead,
Josiah Suttle, D Purcell, Jos Myers, Jn Farmer, W W Scott, Jacob
Arrick, C Suttle, Gmn Saddler, Thos Hutchinson, Arthur Sullivan.
C Denmark, Dd Russell, Alonzo Sargeant, M Blair, Rbt Anderson,
C Hughes, L Austin, J C Brant, Wm Valentine, Jthn Donald, D Red
ding, N Sargeant, J Miner, Mr Rankin, C F Mathews, Wm Chichester,
L B Austin, N W Wille & Son. Mr Bond & Fair, Z KinseU, H Blair,
Jas Cochran, S F Stevens, T Sater, Jn Burkholder, Sm Eikenburg, Hi
Fairbanks, Dd Wheatly, Jos Moffett, Chs MiUer, A W Gordon, Jas Cor-
diU, A G WaUing, Josh HoUand, N M Ives, F O 'Beckett, P Keihler,
Jer Buford, Jake Elliott, Levi Moffett, Dan Rover, Hy Moore, J S David,
Oliver Cottle, Shonn Knox, Jn Buttles, Wra Ritchey, F Daniels. Andrew
Sturgist, Jacob SefHer.
Frora Illinois, April 20th :
H E Maynard, T P Dunham, Thos Clements, Lem Wade. Jere Letts,
P A Haven, C Haven, Jas Owen, Nelson Sraith, H Hines, Gustavs
Pierson, S Young, H White, S Potter. Wm McGenness, J Larroway,
Dr D Whitmore, Sm Whitmore, Jas Connor, Andrew Sterling, T
Wheeler, W Fennesy, Col G S Fake, Dd Fake, F S FeUows, F Gritz-

IHE ARGONAUTS OF CALFIORNIA. 397
ner,_Mr Wolf, Hy Eddy & family, J Zumwalt & family of 8 children, P
BaUey & family, Pt Rowan, Hu Rowan, Jas Dunn, J S Waite wife and
5 chUdren, Harry Wade & family, Pat Bannon, Jas Gallagher, Mr Tally
A & P Mcintosh; A StiUman, L Doolittle, Dr & E Kimberly, Chs Getz-
ler, R Hamilton, J W Norris, Mr Cowles, Mr Elmer. Hy Cook. Mr
Carter, Mr WUson, Mr Lieser, Oliver Clark, Coleman & Smith,
From Indiaaa, March 26th :
Dr J Prichard, Dan T & Dd B Woods, Jn Bloomfield, H R Hannah,
Jn Frazier, Natn Gibson, Wm Young Mr Simraers. J M Williams. Isaa
Suffrius. G B Tingley. N Hayden, N W Cox, H Carr, W B Maddux.
J J Nicholas. J H Carr. A J Crawford. G Stowe. R Bsale & Aldridge.
W MiUer, Dr J A Henricks, DWG WiUoughby. E S Reynolds. W L
Woodward. M B Miller. C Johnson. W J Saavely. Wm Massin. Geo
Pierson. J Linderraan.
Corapany from St. Jo., June 15th :
J H HaU, D Guilraartin. D & W ShaU, Rev H Kroh, F Budker & W H
Nordhold. Company from Cincinnatti aad other places started June uth:
W H Smith, M Powell, J M Cobb, Hirra Davis, Dr C Duncombee. J
Biles, C Cresewello. O Green, W R Lawrence, J H Taylor, Jon Adaras.
L A Quiraby, Wra Wigton, R Fish, Dd Smith, L H Sandborn. Jas
Langson. Corapaay from Boston, April 4th :
Bkt Lord, W C Felch, S D Osborn, Jesse Winslow. D J Staples, J A
Hough, A C Sweetser. H W Dickinson, B C Evans, T H McGrath.
Company from Teaa., April 4th :
R B Alexander, W C Bradley, Wm Bradley, Wm Anthony, Tim John
son, J H Martin, Jthn White, Alex Scrivener, S Bennett, Ls Riddle, J
Nicholson, A Ellis, W Brevard, Wm Lawton, Thos Duffy, J Crenshaw,
Isaac Byrne, H Cox, J S Copeland, E & H Johnston, L M Debow, T P
Trotts, J Burgess, J H Sarver, W Akin, Dr Anthony.
Company frora St Louis, April 22d :
A Jones, D F Snyder, W P Jakson, S Jones. AHaper, E Garrison, M
J Hirk. J J Papy, J L Phillips, R S Hernandez, C W Morment. G N
Langford. H M Herbert, O Neeley. G Wornack. E J Cook. J L Tinnen.

398 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
From Ohio, May ist:
L S Thatcher, C Turner, B F Adaras, Dr S Mathews, H K Forbes. M
T Turney, H C Ely, J W Amy. Isaac Green, E E Bligh. H P Cady. M N
Fox, A B Trowbridge. Eli Manly, G W Reynolds. A D Downing. J
Hunter. Jn Coulter, J H Marple. F A McCormack. O S Hunter, C F
Colton, J Robey, Jos Booth. S Price, Alex Robertson, C H Myers. S
Myers, J Spayth, J W Coulter. A M & R J Hunter. J McCartney. N
Demerest, O S Walcutt, E Gaver. A Cornwall, J K Bau, G, Woodward,
J Uncles, J Bobo, Mat WiUiams. J Armitage. O M Shaw, Zac Beatty,
Dr J G Moore, Sm Johnson, H Shively. Wra Sofland, J Beal. Jas Al
lison. J M Clark, J W Davis. Ben Plummer. Jacob Ferguson. Jacob
Gray, Adam Conrad, J McKelvey, S M Roberts. Jn Hutchinson, J V
Davis, Absm Sunafrank, C D Bute, H L Wolverton, Aaron Patterson,
D S Snydon, J A Scott, Alfred Cook. Thos Beaham, J Kirkpatrick. Jos
Ax, Jn Boyd, Andrew Hanna, S J Dickinson, W M Blake.
Company from New York, April 15th :
Mr HiU, Mr Horton, Hirara Derby. J Hutchinson. S W Holmes. J P
Stockwell, D Bemus, R P Johnson, Jas Dixon.
Merabers of a Company from Cincinnati started April 19th :
A W McCoy, Jn EUisson, A J Leggett, D Aber, P W Vanwinkle, C
Beard, W P Jeffries, Jn Marbly, W W Knapp, N M Harris, G D Shep
pard, W B Otway, F Cassim, S T Curtis, M Ternan. R Barret, Ed
Owens, Dr J M & R Thompson, C Ailesworth. A Rogers, Ed Hurd, J
Vansant, M J Martin, J B Sargeant, C A Anderson, T SUmon, B Mc
Cormick, & Barnhart, Wm Moore, Capt J Bennett, J Powell, Wm
Milian. Jn Johnson, J B Hart, J Atkinson, W LIsgrigg, D A PoweU, D
C Morris, N Butterfield. N Clary, J W Walton, L Dewey, W Peach, P F
Shaw, Jn Tuttie, J H Boyd, P Boldman, D Van Trace, J W Gray.
Company from Harrison Co., Ohio, April 20th :
Hy Johnson, Asbury Johnson, Lewis Lester, Wm Cady. Mr Vanhorn,
Wm Phillips, Jn Conwell, C H Jones, J Muma, G W Larebee. H Lare-
bee, Thos Pickets. Geo Rice. G A Weber, G Beckley.
The following persons left Cincinnati, for California, Feb. 20th :
S G Stambaugh. W R Rankin, Jos Starabaugh. R P Effinger. J M
Myers, H B Ewing, P Kraner, L Baker, H B Denman, S McNeal, B F
Finefrock, J B Hart. O Chaney, Thos WUson, E Strode, Jas MiUer. W
F Legg, Geo Leverett, Jno McLaughlin, L McLaughlin, Capt W Fergu
son. Wm Perkins. Lieut Wm P Rice.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 399
The following persons left Quncey, 111., for California, Feb. 16th:
Col John Wood, Dr S W Rogers, T T Kendrick, Capt J C Dorman,
Wm Matlock, D M Jordan, G W Burns, G G Rogers, John Wood jr,
Dan Wood, A Nash, J H MiUer O M Sheldon, D Guttery, Chas Brown,
J Mikesell, C G Ammen, D Wood, J McClintock, Lemiel Davis.
Companies frora various States starting frora St. Jo, in April:
J R Wheeler, J R & M W Wiley, C Boorsman, J Days & Wife, Smi
Sneade, Jas Ladew, J M Brumbarry, J & C Casy, Jn H eager.
From Ohio:
S G Israel, J C Crane, Sm Barrett, J A Drake, C L Inglesbee, J R
Wright, J W Caldwell, C M Shays, C L McCarty, Rbt Thompson, Wm
MuUony, B Fitzpatrick, Wm Glover, J O Burne, S B Weller. J A Z
Jones, J G Hubbell, W J Sperry, J H Moore, Barry Jones, G W Har
rington, A W Griffin, J M Kerr, G Krausz, D Cloppenburg, J W Way, C S
Coover, E Stockton, C Hidden, G Mower, J R Johnson, J B Smart.
L H Braley, Dd Schaeffer, Isaac Stokes, A DeButts, Wm Sloan. Jas H
Haslet, H McConnelly, A J Atherton, Jos Vance, Jn Shiner, Rbt GU
more, J C Arnold, J C Wingate, A C Baldwin, Jn Millikin, Silas Pren-
ell, C H Bell, Jno Delany, W D Lawrence, L D Sunderly, S N Goman.
T & M Ogle, T Burnett, J V Vredenburg, J S Vredenburg, M Buckle,
J Howard, Jos Gill, Jos Dinney, A Malay, J W Sha-w, A Culverson.
C W Bidwell, W W Hyde, G S Case, W H Robbins, D Hubbard, F P
Ward, J Stitzell, H L Morgan, B Carpenter, L E Green, S Y Hoyt,
B John, J W Cowan, H C Rareden, W C Cook, W P Thompson, C P
Ross, Tim Baker. G Goodhue, Wm Anderson, Wra Retter, R Stewart^
C Kurtz, D Botts, Sm Loree, Jn Gepheart, Jos Howard, C Watson. Dr
Whitbridge, P Backenbaugh.
Company from Pennsylvania :
Dr J S Ormsby.. L P Ormsby, Major Wm Ormsby, J K Trumbull.
A McLain, J Moats, J Shutt. J L Detter, J McManus, Sm Stauffer.
Frora V.'isconsin :
J B Howe, L Dutton, E Gordan, E Steyjins, A H Blake, W Dodge,
E Lowry. W Spoffard, E Pearce. Siraond* Ic Kimball, H Blake, Jonath
Mavey, wife & 6 childiren.
Frora Indiana :
J N Manlove. Jn Bartlett, Jas Hammin, J Ridgeway, A Staunton. W
Woodfon. A Leeds' B Camp, wife & 8 children, Dd Anderson, wife &
2 children, A Jackson. Thos Kyle, Capt N Hayden, G B Findley, Jas

400 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
HiUman, M Sexton, W Piercy, S Bratton, A J Crawford, Geo Stone, R
Beall.J Aldridge, Saml Diffendaft'er, H E Carr. M W Cox, W B Maddox,
J J NicoUs, J H Carr, O Posey, J Murphy, Josh Wolf, Mr Buchannan,
Jas Wildridge, Chs Points, J W Malone, Wm McMath. S Scott.
Company from Tennessee :
Albert Moss, Chas Berdew. Jas Brown, T & W Hart, W Wayman &
Son, Allen Thorpe, J O'Callahan, P & F Kinney, F A Goole, D Miller.
J O Gordon, Thos Coffin, W A Boggs. B Finn & wife.
From Pennsylvania :
Wm Bancroft, W & M Nash, A DeFoe, D Evans, R Carter. J D
Thomas, G W & C Jacobs.
From Massachusetts :
Hector Campbell, WB, SS, HB&CA Campbell and 6 ladies.
Members of the Pittsburgh Enterprise Company, for California
April 13th :
M Kane jr, Chs Coleraan, C T Officer, W J Aukrim, Capt Wm Ran
kin, J M Braden, T Dunn, Jas and P Kane, J M Aitkin, J B Chamber
lain, W R Guy, A M Litraan, G A Walker, J S Willock, R Silcox, J
McCandless, W H Taylor, A L Sample, Dr Orendorf, L Crepps, J Know-
land, Jas Witty, Wra Cooper, W Blakely, B C Quigley, J A McGee, J
Dorrington, L G Berger, J S Talinslie. J Connor, J Nesmitte, A W
Guy. E C Guy, B Messersraith, J McGraw, W C Beck, Jas McCarter, P
Ward, Jn Davisson, R P Glass, A McMurray, Jas Melville, H McClory,
Ths Cuce, J R Riddle, J Leckey, W McClory, M Kane, Jas McKee, Thos
Barker, J Huyett, J McClaskey, W Mehan, S Friskie, R PhUlips, R Mc
Kee, J Aiken, J McCowan, S] Gayus, W F Marthens, Saml Ward. J Mc
Donald, C O Flynn. N Malwim, A Spear, C Lent, T Jones, H S Wynne.
J Joyce, J Anderson, F Anderson, J B Fulton, Jacob Cupps, J M and
W C Meredith, A and W J Ingrara, J S R and D W Wilson and two
sons, J C Anderson, J Hughes, R K Pierouski, A J McNulty, W P
Skelly, W Shaffer, J Ludwick, G E McCrady, J Merabin, J Hunker, W
M Murray, C Rabun, J McGregor, W Patterson, J Oliver, H Wallace.
T Maxwell, L L Whiting, A F Blythe, J Morrison, E Alsip, H Dixon, J
Moore, E Holifant, W H Call, J Morgan, B T Latshaw, R Spsncer, Wm
Cadds, J Estepp, D Blair, C C Blair, W Augenbraigh, F J Beal, A Beal,
J O Nilson, Smi Deal, J L F Johnson, T Galbraith, M MiUer, J Martin.
W G Bender, T Daft, J Dixon, Thos Daft, S H Sarler, E D Harding, I
N White, W Bishop, J A Irwin, Jn Heise, Jn Flood, J Glenn, W Minis,

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA 401
W McCheney, G Sythe, H WUson, J Fulton, J G Gallagher, W D Gra-
hi.m, J P Harbach, A Wilson, J D Robinson, J Mathews, D Darrogh,
F P Robinson, W Estepp, J Darrogh, M Boreland, J Walls, J Means, J
K Van Kirk, J Warren, M Goodfellow, J and C Templeton, J P Boyd,
J Goodwin, J Jack, B Brown, L Eckhoff. M Hayden, J P Irwin, A J
Jack, J G Woods, J Day, J B Henderson, H J Brunot, A D Patterson,
W Hughes, C G Smith, J Groves, J W Eggleston, SBF Clark, T B
Dunn, J N Sinclair, T Reynolds, J ^look, G Winebiddle, J CaldweU, J
Reynolds, A Harris, W C Reed, D Hughey, J Kearnes, J D Davis, R
Jacobs, Th Perkins, Th and Jn Thornburgh, M Fisher, H Gatzman, B
Fiffer, R B Butler, F A McMiUan, A S Goodwin, S Snyder, R G Rob
inson, W J Beatty, M Meckling, J W McCandless, W J Stewart, E Yet
ter, Jn Morgan, W Wychoff, Jas Jones, M Courtwright, G W Curtis, G
Steiner, J A Markle, J Shotts, E Taylor, J Ellcessor, J A Foster, J R
and J W Johnson, J Smith, J Latshaw jr, M Holzman, T W Rogers,
S H Squire, J Kerr, E Marquis, D Estep, F Ball, J S Steel, W M O Shel
ton, '' F C McClure, T Gregg, R Crosby, J R Dennin, R Wilson, G
Mitchell, S M Stowe, G C Taylor, F C Negley, G Semon, A Young, J
Barrashman, J Kiser, R C Gilchrist, T and R McNair, D McBride, J
Boreland, F Phipper, B Grape, J Coppersmith, R Stanley, P Sraoker,
P Bergen, J B Hartley, R Wilson, C Truesdale, H^Sheppard, C T Kirk
land, D McGiU, D Houck, O McConneU, W H Alderraan, J F Mc-
Goughey, H and P Halderman, Geo Horne, C Peters, Guy Haines.
Members of company from Grant County, Indiana :
Wm Harlan, Levi Hummer, Jn Humraer, Ed Brown, J Draper, T St
John, Jesse Swift, M Cleaveland, J St John, Ryl Webster, Peter Stout*
Thos Pratt, Dd Hite, Anthony, Inman, L McCormick, Andw Patterson,
Josh Hersey, H Hendricks, Wm Hendricks, John Dubois, C Morehead,
B Luger, J W Hurlburt, Bj Stout.
Members of a corapany from New Orleans, overland, .4pril 20th :
R L and F Ogden, J Y McDuffee, Jn Sitcher. Jas Martinelly, M J
Box, W J Patterson, J G George.
Members of a company from Wisconsin, April 20th :
J W Turner, AUen Hubbard, G J Smith and family, Thos Melee, A
Conway, Mr. Coney and Mr. Williamson, J Kight,^ D T Eldridge, T D
Warren, D W Paddock, Wra Freeraan and T L Cuttler, P E Hol
combe. The Havilah Mining Company from New Orleans, April 20th :
Dr J Conger, J W Thorapson. H G Langley. W TeUer. D Hoyt, W B

402 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Grant, H Vandeveer, J S West, W Faucett, E F Lasak, J Brinkenhoff,
A S Miller, W D Coleman, J I Lott, T Parsons, 'C H Van Wyck. C P
Tapeff, H S Cohen, G F Sniffen, F A Hoyt, G K Pattison, B L Noe, J
H Macdonald, C W Ehrenstroem, J G Billing, W Wear, E Norton, E E
MUes, Tilly Allen, F W Gorsegner, J C Garrelly, J B Randoph, G H
Andrews, G S Schenk.
Members of a company from St. Louis, April 4th, overland :
S O Coleman, J and O Stewart, T W Wannell, J J Holiday. W Paul,
F Campbell, E E Hunter, Jn Vorhess, Saml Hawkins, Sol Wood, R B
Dallara, Chs Parke, Wm Bransheed, A Hoffraan, Jas Webster, J B
Smith, H S Brolaski, M P Coleraan, Wm Vose, A S Van Pelt, Wm
Brown, E N Leeds, A Patterson, Wm Cleaver, Taylor Jones, H Jones,
Jn Jones, Jn and S Jones. F A McDonald, A Thorapson, A Moody,
Chs Pickering, A Burnett, C W Lighter, Wra Gibson, R Ludd, S N Hol
iday, G Massey, W Cruikshank, P Guisler, John Mullen, J W Alexander.
Jondh Hunter, Lewis Legg, G-ilbert Deacon, H C Lynch, Geo Matoon.
Casper Graulech. C L Smith, J S WeUs, G Yoeter, C Hoffman, B Twom-
ley, Thos Cleaver, H Cleaver, Thos Copperwaite, Wm P Stebbins. J W
Saiser, Wm and A Selser, Saral Young, Jas Clark. G O Eads,
Passengers of brig Azalia, New York, sailed April loth:
Dr J P Webster, Dr J A Reed, S Rowland. T Sanburn, E Brown, E
L Wheeler, W H Seaman, H R Perry, C H Cole, Mr Rindge, S Cobb. W
M Tolman, F W ScovUl, C Robertson, W Giffin, C S Thorp, H S Burr,
M Sweetser, J Sinclair, O G Fleming, S S Edsall, L G Jones, W Pratt,
S Aiken, J Ridenheart, A Henry, A Martin, W W Spaulding, W Davis.
Mr Hallowell. F Pickering.
Members of company from Michigan, AprH 7th:
G Kirkland, G Wethington, Horace Berby, Wm Wilson, H Belkley, A
J Mason, J B Sarzore, M Sweeney. D B Scott.D R Ashley, E FGleeson^
L A Harmond, D A Woodbury, S G Crittenden, G Chafey, F A Parked
Aaron Browne, E J Bouine, W H Brice and wife.
Members of company from Penn., overland, April 8th:
A W Brockaway, A Rudolph, J B Mitchell. T B Kennedy, S Grubb.
Wm Laury, H W Myers, G Kinzebach, J C Risber, Robt Wightman,
Lorain Robbins, A J Tingle, S D Brown, J C Kennedy, T S Hart, R S
Wingham, J C McKibben, W B Sharp, R S Mart, Dr Allen Clark, D M
WhitehUl, Walter Taylor, Eli Sraith, Jos Smith, Isaac Brecker. Geo
MiUer, J Miller, Saml Sankey, G M Wasson, Ed Montillus, Wm Freder
ick. G MUler, Jonathan Moore, Matthias Plaff, Wm Bartlett, Orvid

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 403
Washington, C Kincaid, W G Johnston, WOH Scully, W B McBride.
J L Moody, C S CockiU, Thos SmaU, Robt John, H L Bird, Mr Jenkins.
Norman Andrews, J B HUl. J G Scutter, N B Alworth, S R Smith,
Phil'n Doud, Robt Faulkner, P H Moody, J L Keefer.
Members of company frora Sumrait County, Ohio, April Sth :
S Newton, I Sumner, W A Ostrom, T B Hickcox, F A Nash, N Pal
mer, J 'W Evans, S Britton, N Wait, F W Wait, A S Cleveland, G W
Rhodes. Members of the Illinois Sucker Co., April 13th :
H Buffora. Jn Salee, Jn Post, A Stevens and family, A Ferguson, J
Godfrey, B Hutton, M Louis, Dd Booz, Wm Bowers, J G Beeler, Mr
Taylor, J Gifford, Sara Truit, Thos Lock, C Record, Wm MitcheU, G
McBride, R S Green. F H Curtis, Rollin Post, G M Boyer, J W Buffum.
J N Dow, G W Carr, S McPhaill, C Vaughn, W Boothsinger, Jn Bills,
E Pomeroy, Ellis Elwell, F Went, Jn Rislin and son, Jn Goodwin, J
Vedder, T T Rainey, Mr Vantee, Jn Brooks, M T Smith, M Bratagan,
H A Lathara. R F Greschline, W V Moody,' R W Camfield W R
Latham, D W Aidrich and family, Jn Hughes, N M Dorsey, A Starr. F
Starr, J Flannagan, E Randall, J Patrick, T Woods, T Oakes, A Curree,
H Rice, R Kirkwood, J Spruance, Peter Lottim, E Case and family, L
Post, Chs Sinclair, C A Walker, C J Palmer, K D Sellemyers, J D Powers,
Jn Douglass. J Layman, Chs Chancy, B Luken, Wm Benson, J F Burton,
Wm White, J LongweU, — GuUd, — Crogan, C Mitchell, Jn Hogus, H
Martin, Mr Anderson and family, A Gretfield, J Haltzwert, C Mizen-
dorfer. G S Hanley, J Johnson, C Johnson and brother. J Rowe, R
Whyers. Merabers of the St. Clair Mining Co., frora Illinois, April 13th :
Capt Jarrot, B C Renois, Rbt McCracken. Ths Short. H Frotier. N
Boismenue, Jas Frontier, Jn Bowles, Rbt Carnes, Louis Amel, J J Statis,
N Sexton, Everson & Delorine, — King, M Morrison, Jn Chandler, G W
Hook. Jn Christy, M De Rousse. B Delude, L Thatcher, A Robinson,
Wm Ogden, N C Corniver, A Garalin, M Lecorapte, J O Adams, Jere
Hotue, Jn Greer. N Turcott, P Perou, Jn Boismenue, L D Stewart, J H
and Jo Buttler, P De Novillo.
Company from Shelby Co., 111., April 13th :
B F Hunter & family, L Hunter & family, R & J W Madison, Wm
Bevins, Jn Scruggins, Jos Stewart, D S Wright, Dd Evey, R L Williaras,
Wra Harsraan. Jn E-vey, Jn Turr, Jn SuUus, Dr Reeves & family, Jas
Evey. Mathias Rice, Jn Perryraan, Wm H Rankin, Jos Zumalt & family

404 IHE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
ot 9 children, P Bailey & family, J S Waite & famUy, D W & S White-
more. Members cf a Corapany from Buffalo, April 13th :
Dr McBeth. Col Fay, J M Fay, Rev Mr Olds, — Hayden, G E Hays,
H O Hays, J H Blossom, Geo Wheeler.
Corapany frora Xenia, Ohio, April 14th :
P B Walker, M L Barlow, A Moody, G W Stevenson, D DeWolf, D
Loe, P Johnson, J W Taylor, G Taylor. G W Brinkley, J Connor. L
Harris, R Gibson, Wra Ford. Mr Sraith, J Farber. E L Ware, J H Purdy,
Mr Vanordel, G W Smiley.
Members of the Gerraan California Mining Co. , from New York,
April 20th :
M Carl, S Franz, A Balm, G Schiraners, K Aulich, B Aulich, G
Schneider, P Elergoff. W Buchananer, A Hill, H Steinburg, C Wisehoff.
D F Thomas, F S Scheid, F Preness, N Langs, F Brantlach, L Nuss-
barun, — Klurap, G Denz, F Schlagider, C Knouer, G Roth, L Roth, G
Scheibrook, B Scharnan, H Tupper, C Richter, F Kraraer, A Neihmert.
A Wichrowsky. F Gross, T Schmidt, F Kaller, P Hartman, Dr F Wal
lace, A Ferber, V Kopf, Berling& Son, T Asgolm, WRusche.T Schant.
D Schnaider, C Anderform, F Weber, C Huber. F Diefel, Geo Topp, F
Moore, J KeUy, T Scharman, Ahrent & Dutrich.
Merabers of Corapany from Summit Co., Ohio, April 6th :
J R Gilbert, A Kellogg, L P Buckley, R Abbey, J O Garrett, Ira Rose,
P Fisher, S Wislendorf, C Cressard, J L GUbert, Geo Ayliffe, G Carr, E
Steinbacker, J Decker, H L Long.
Members of a Company from Wayae Co., Indiana, overland,
April 6th :
WF Davis, A B Knode, W WiUiaras, Thos WUliaras, Robert Houston,
Hy Miller, A Cunningham, Adam Gates, W Starr, Peter Boothe, J N
Puntney, Jas Puntney, J Echtenock, R Cochran, Wm McAfee, Wm
Buck, Chs Trisa, J M Fritch, B Manifold, N Baldridge, A Saunders, S
McMurray, W S Porter, W K Koch, Sam Pifer, Jacob Weaver, G W
Beeler, C Rathfun, Enoch Myres, L Don Meek, A McDoweU, H A
Echelbarger, H J Shaumbrie, G & S Neese.
Merabers of Company from St Louis, overland, April 7th :
Lieut G W Paul, H Martin, Jas Sharp, Wra Zabriskie, W WeUs,
Robt Jackson. Wra Paul. Geo Lukens. J Taylor.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 405
Corapany from Palmyra, Mo., overland, April 7th :
E R Pye & Son, F D Gilbert. C D Smith, E L Nichols, C B Wheeler,
C Youngs, Jas Stewart, J S Webb, Shorty Ray, J W Harper.
Merabers of corapany from Columbus, April 2d :
J Walton, J G Caufield. Peter Decker, G Q McColm, S J Price, Al
Moores, G Walton, C Breyfogle, Dr C E Boyle, D Dreyden, E Barcus.
E E Canfield, G Chadwick, W Cain, A B Christ, C Dewitt, J S Derngan.
T Davis, L A Denig, C M Fisk, J Krumra, J C Lunn, P McComraon, H
Ranney, T Rugg, D Rugg, J P Stone, W C Styles, C D Wood, L H
Sherman, Jos Hunt'er, Jra Coultner, J H Marples, F A McCormick, O S
Hunter, C F Colton, J Robey, J W Booth, Geo Woodward, S Price,
Mthw Williams, Alex Robertson, Jn Spaythe, V R Smith, Jn Uncles,
C A Robertson, J McCartney, J K Barr, R J Hunter, C M Shaw, C H
Myers, Jacob Arraitage, Smi Myers, A M Hunter, Jona Bobo, Andsn
Cornwall J W Coulter, Nichls Demorest, O S Walcutt, E Gaver.
Merabers of a corapany from Cincinnati, overland, April 6th :
B C Currier, F C Rothstern, Wm Pollock, W G Moody, E C Crawley.
F B Clark, W Cooper, W H HubbeU, Chs Harrington, Jn Wright, J
Blackwood, Wm Garrity, Dwt Crandall Jos Armitage, F M Roots, A G
Stifiler, Jas Howison, T P White, D T Evans.
The following persons from Washington, D. C, go overland,
¦ AprH 2d:
F G Bruff, Gideon Brooks, B B Edmonson, A H Parish, Dr H Aus
tin, W H Dietz, G A Young, Jn Cameron, Wm Jewell, E D Slye, Alex
Garrett, Jas Foy, Thos WiUiams, J M Farrar, H J Queen, G Byington
J T Coumbe, W J Stoops, J YDonn, W Lewis, W N Barker, Dd Fowbe,
J M Marden, Stephen CulverweU, J Murphy, W H Lloyd, Robt Slight,
T J Griffiths, O B Queen, R J Culverwell, L A Tardella, N VermiUion,
C C McLeod, T P Kingsbjiry, C G Moxley, Jn Bates, S J Cassin, Wra
Truman, J A Ennis, W Pope, Rd Washington, J H Barker, C G Alex
ander, H C Dorsey, F P Windsor, W P HiUery, Chas Bishop, F N Ma
gruder, J V Ennis, J T Ennis, Jo Thaw, J P HiUs, T B Scott, I E Owen,
D R WaU, C Fenderick, J WardeU, A J Capron, Wm Franklin, Chs Reed,
J C Willis, B F Burche, J C Riley, M M TrepeU.
Members of corapany frorii Cincinnati, overland, April 6th:
J H Levering, W B Norman, Dd Kinsey, S T Jones, A H Coulter, J
Talbert, G W Litter, L M Rogers, J Johnson, S Whitehead, T W Kin
sey, A G Kinsey, M West, G J Guilford, H Probasco, C Mohr, E A
Stokes, C Long, J P Harley, P K Ulner. W Kerr, R W Cook, F Mo"-

4o6 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
land, Jn BeU, R L Megowan, F Hamlin, J Bird, S Withington, J Gra
hara, H Ruffner, J W Anderson, J D Benedict, A T Perry, T A Bishop,
Chs Eberle, A J Vorhees, Chris BeU, W WUson, A F Gove, J Pearson,
H Urner, A B Nixon, H Helm, J Elstner, J King, G W Fosdick, W B
Diver, N Graves, Dd Scott, Geo Martin, A Johnson,
Following are the names of the members of the various compa
nies starting from St. Jo, April 14th:
Company from Wisconsin:
Abel Minard and family, J A Short, Anson Oland. C IngersoU, Dr E
B West, M Connover, G C Cone, Jn Dolliver. R FuUer, E Lyman, Jn
HoweU. W H Elder, Leander Hill. J Fishelor. J Goodrich. Hy Root,
Wm West, G Woodward, T C Ward, Dr E R Hoyt. Jn Edwards, G Vil-
lenger and family, Dr Slyl and family, F A Ostrander, Jas Cline, Fred
Weahe, A Lewis.
From Michigan:
G S and Susan Ishara, W W Fitch. H Hass. Z W Ashley, Wm Welch,
Esq Hass, Hy Kimraer, G E and L Benton, Hy and Chs Shatlock, J S
Bradley. Wm Crawford, J S Dunn. J B Carter, P Burns, J Gardner, E
P Hill. P M Dorsey. Eph and Ed Lapham. Jn Densmore. H French. H
CrandaU. R Barber, S Hagen, E Tobin.
From Indiana:
Jn Keller and 5 chUdren, Dr L Hoover, wife and 5 children. Jn Ab
bot, wife and chUd. G Abbot, wife and 3 children, I Giichrese, wife and
3 children, Mr Schaffer.
From Ohio :
A V Kinneavo, F Eaholtz. H Jordon. Z Downer. A McIUan. A J
Hagan. S M Holland. J S Sraith, EOF Hastings, J W Evans, J Lind
say. S Schindler. N B Wean, A Anderson, Hugh Lee, Geo Grice, Dan
Willard, Geo Case. J Sawyer. D FuUman, J G Briggs, B B Briggs, K H
and P Chandler, E W Brooks, A Forbes, S I BurriU, J W Hall, H Gar
field, P Garwick, S Bethel, J A and J B Hoover, M Mahan, J A Ann-
strong, W H C Mitchell, Stvn Clingaraan, J W Wilson. W P Harring
ton, H J Richards, W C Conway, Saml Ayres, Wra Huntington, E Burr,
W Endicott, P Chambers, T Morrow, J Leach, Jas Foulds, J B Louck,
Mr Frisbee, Chs Robinson, D S Ross, Dr J F Ankeny, Dr J F Robinson.
H Winslow, Sral Wright, M Williaras, Silas Smith, Wra Poor, G K Fitz
gerald, A P Rarison, Peter Myers, G J Chapman, F Hooper, A Curfes, A
AUardt, H Fahrup, Geo and Isaac Parry.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 407
From New York State :
M W Barnett, J De Bois, O A Post, W H Albre, H S Dodge, J Mcin
tosh, W D Witmer, H H Buchannan, T Winn, G B Efner, B F Smith,
H A Curran, C Pattpn, M Mcintosh, W J WUliams, A Boomer, Dr T
SmaU, H, B D and J T Bowers, M Dyer, J Hudey, T Cain, A Button,
WGood, E McClellan, A G Eldridge, G Greatrake, Francis Burzell, Smi
McDqul, A F Bliss, A McNorton, W Harrison, Jn Robertson, B F Har-
shaw.D M Hall, J H Tilford, Jn Cowson, Jas Hill, J H Newton, A Til
ford, H S Crandall, Wm Owen, Rt Gourley. J T Clark, Johnson & Sar
geant, Jas Roach, D R Haswell. B F Post, J A Becker. Hy Steele, Dr E
Taker, N Gazaway, C S Perry and A S Brayton.
Members of a Company from Stubenville, Ohio, April 20th :
Capt G McElrath, O C Gray, Geo Hance, D L Forsinger, H Stokes,
Thos Trotter, J Morrison, J BaltzeU, O A Worthington, S R Barr, Wm
Taggart, Jn Rainey, Wm BriskeU, Dr J MarshaU, H McConnelly, Jn
Hodge, H H Maxfield-, Chs Sweney, E Callandine, Jas Keil. W C Haynes.
W C Hayes, C W Haines, D P Keller, W H Stokes, S V Treadway. S D
Dundall, G Jackson, S A Ream, C W Richards, Wm Fisher, W Solomon,
O T Norton, J Fugitt, M S Readdy, D Burgett, Jas Irwin, Jas Spencer.
J R CoUins, Geo Todd, Jas Shively, J Parrott, E Brown, D Connor, A
McDonald, B F Stokes, T G Morehead, A Morehead, Dan McGee, Jn
Matlock, Thos Loff, Jn Pacy, E Whittington.-Wm Daniells, Wra Sher
man, D Anderson, H C Scott, S D Wood, D H Rose, Dan Prose, Lewis
Childus, J H Prose.
Corapany frora Saadusky Ohio, started April 19th :
Capt W E Parish,C P Cook, J W Beatty, Jn Rarasell, J Hitching. A
Starr, D A Crowell, Ed Johnson.
Corapaay frora Peoria, 111., April 20th :
J E Carter, J Fash, W E Gunett, H H Fash, Robt Taylor, J Clegg, D
A M cConnell, Geo Scott, M Peck, A F Kercheval, J W Newton, Wra
Parks, S Runyan, A & A N Runyon, O R Runyon, Jn & Dd Mahoney,
R Rutherford.
Company from Kentucky, started April 21st:
E W Hayes, C K Snyder, W H Childers, B B Mullens, Jas Croslen, J
Fritzland, H Shelton, D W Thorpe, G Young,
Members of Green River Mining Company from Kentucky,
April 22d :
W F Summers, D B CampbeU, W H SkUes, F A Jones, S M Cros-
thwait, W EUis, G EUis, H C Gault, D Torian, J S Locke, A W Moore,

4o8 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Wm Torian, J H Paris, J Hutcher, C W Landrow, L Stern, R C Mc-
Kainey, G W Feland, A B Anderson, Jas McCowan, H Coleraan, P P
Johnson, J K Sale, J P Freeman, G M Earie, J W Cole, Capt E H Herd,
T R Darniell, Jas Shepard, C W Pointdexter, D France, M D Hare, G
W D Luck, Geo Carter, Wra Bailey, W W Gray, M SheriU, L J SheriU,
J F Davis, J H Ingrara, J Hoy, R Lavidge. L W Roberts, LL Sloss, B
F Edmonds, J R Crael, J O HiU, B Y Samuels, J St John.
Merabers of a Company from Mississippi, started April 22d :
A Upchurch, Wm Worrell, D C White, H Brown, R Runnells, A
McMillan, O R Saddler, E SofHey, C Tarmer, W C Thorapson, J T J
Cain, C W Findley, J L Findley, R M WiUiamson, E Hodges, H M
Hart, S Currell. Jn Morris, F J Malone, A M Graham, J A Wea^-er, J M
Robertson, J M Humphries, JS Lambert, H S Mitchell, W H Owens,
Company from Indiana, started April 23d :
Sam Sinex, Isaac Evans. A Vanuxen. F Fulghmer, J Stiddens, P Stid-
dens, C Maule, Jas- Tolbert, Wm Runnells, L D Parsons, Wm Thatcher.
Hy King, Sam HiU, G M Maxwell, B Cowdry. W P Henderson. Dr Z B
Gentry, R M Waters, D Fudge. T G Titloe.
Company from Tennessee, started April 20th :
Dd Rogers, Jas Davis, R Dellmarsh. Jas Walker. Thos Elred, H H
Means, Alf Means.
Company from New York, Ohio and Michigan, started April 23d:
H Webster, A Kelsey. D S Seils, S Kent, G P Webster, S T Johnson,
T J Mariett, E B Ute, P Finlock, A Coleman. B M Hance. E A Spooner.
S L Ramsdall.
From Louisville, Ky., April 3d :
Edw Bryant, Jn Kaye, R W Moore, J Swagar. R A Wingate, Geo
Rees, Jn Smith, W McFarland, H Conroy, Theo Bland, W G Stewart,
Sam Cary, F A Kaye, W P Richardson, Wallace Pope, Ed Fogart, Z D
Parker, Morris Griffin, Rbt Pope, Ed Neblett, L W Ludwig, C F Du-
laney, Ed Crawford, J J Stewart, J J Moore, O J Murray, G G Moore, A
Musselraan, L K Thoraas, E A Bryson. Jn Todd, M A Chinn, F Tilford.
S Brown, C C Morgan, M McCracken, H & J H Marshall, H D Martin,
D D Martin, W B Wakeraan, Dr Weems, J IVIcCleary. F H Shaefer.
From Memphis, Tenn., started April :
Dr W KittreU, R J Featherston, B Lamer, W Skinner, W G Williams.
The De Spto Company, viz. : J C and W L Bradley, J F Bradley, J D,
L D and H D Berry, W Thompson, Capt M B Cook, Dr Kennerly, J A
Jackson, A C Gibson, W C Stone. W C Davis, W Jennings, D Humph-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 409
rey, D M Poole, J McKinney, W Stephenson ; the Carroll Co, viz. : R S
MiUer, W Hubbard, T Nixon, G and R Applegate, A A Gray, W Mann,
E Foster, G Carpenter, S McMillen, R Bearley ; the Tippah Co, viz. : M
D Floyd, F Neely, P Fanning, G R Henson, J Murphy, B H Rankings,
Rob Steele, Rob Foster, J T SUvers, B M Doxey, H B Woodward, Jn
Gresham, Jn WiUis, R S Wright, R Y Kirkpatrick, W Macon, R B
Macon, Bj Woodward, H W C Nelson, J Prother, J A Bevid ; other
companies from Tenn : A B Faush, F Faush, Capt Farquharson, Rev M
M Marshall, Rev J M Small, Dr W A, J C and Jas RusseU, R C McEvin,
H R Street, R McKinney, Jas Pearson, C A McDaniel, R E GiUians.
Corapanies starting from St. Jo, April i6th, for California:
Corapany from Rhode Island:
P R Arnold, S J Vickory, J G WestfaU, Phil Burne.
Corapany from St. Louis:
M P O'Connor, T and A Murphy, Mathew Murphy, Jn Drura, Jas
Garvin, Thos Flinn, T S Wright, Jn Fisher, A S Currie, J A Budd, A N
Peters, Jn Atwood, Pat McLaughlin, J Sage, Redmd Sage, Jas McCann,
J C Davis, J Suydam, J C Smith, Chs Cutter, J E Galloway, J R Dewitt,
C B Suydam, Buckhold, Job Newton, Wm MUler. Wm States, W
Cooper, M Williams.
Company frora Virginia:
W K Lambdin, R B Woods, J A Agnew, J E Wade, R T Morrison,
C J Chapman, Geo Rigby, Moses Ray, Dr J R Brotherton, Geo Hobbe.
E E Hamilton, R S Hopkins, Ju Burgy, V Brown, R P Buckley, J Mc
CuUough, G D Curtis, G .Arthur, G Curry, A B Olney, Wm Dremon, B
A Goode, Chs Thompson, Jn Curiey, Jos Tuttie, Chs Hall, E Thomas,
P and E Thomas, Amos Curiey.
Frora Iowa:
J B Forge, W H Cheever, Jn Lewis, J A Beddison.
Frora Illinois :-
W D DoweU, J H Boyd, N C Cannon, Chs Cannon, P Hoffraann, Jas
Robinson, J Gordon and Son, A Carr, E Guilford, J Johnson, C Rowley,
J H Taylor, Wm Patterson, G A Sanford, A F Hagan, Wra Lawrence.
Amos Church, Dr Antees, Geo Perry, Hy White, Saml Ayres, Hy Brown,
S K Turner, Mr Pierce, D C Miller, T B Metts, Jos Garrett, J M Kozad,
T Chandler, Jas Lupton, Mr Harris, L G Farwell, G Chittam, L H Rob
inson, J L Anderson, D Hamilton, Jn Wilcox, Jh Updegraff, Jn Wiley.
J W Delhara, Mike Martin, Chas Fox, J Naylor, R H Broadus, Dr T
Luster, E Bean, Geo Boughman, Jn Hunt, G W Head, G W Ayres," Ed

4IO THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Ayre, E Step, Frank Pierson, M Yost, J Morrow, P Corraany, W B White-
sides and wife, L McGowan, B B Stephenson, U Gates, A Pettibone, R
A Drummond, Dd Wade, W Galord, S and J Gaylord, Dr J E Oatman,
Dr Asa Clark, Mr Mechara, J Middler.
Corapany from Vicksburg, May i st :
Capt Dr W B Smith, Dr S R CockrUl, G D Arrastrong, Jas Randalls,
Dr B G Harris, Dr J H MarshaU, W W Caperton, W P Stroud. H Steel,
H G Little, W P Morrison, J B Brewitt, J A Wilder, R S Cade, J
Sanders, T J Meredith. R E Brewitt, A S McCaskiU. W H Cannon, W
C H Rosser, J W Sledge, M M Potts, R D Oglesby, W S Ford, R M
Wragg, T M Yarborough, B J Hirshfield, P Hirshfield, E M Yar
borough, Jn Woodward, W M Woodward. J E Wier. J B Prewitt. J B
Elkin, T Elkin, R Stokes, A L McGaskill, W A Camron, CE Powe. W
J Hibler, R S Boughton, H Ward J H Whitington, D Flournoy, J Ar
rington, G L Prewett, H G Little, S Little, E C Brainard, W H Wat
kins, E W Petus, S Western, G M Hibbler, R B May, W B Adams, E T
Harwood, N J Barnes, Wra Greer. C J Hatch. W D Boyakin. B R Bell,
T Hunnicutt. J A NeU, W N NeU, B Moore Augs Jones, M M Allen, M
N Mayrant, Fras Ferguson, Jas Ferguson, W J & J R Oliver. R C Boyd,
C Ward, J F A Marr, W T Aycock. A J Aycock, T A Craven. WCH
Rosser, W J R Parralee, J A Fairchilds. J J Greer, C A Slater, J W
Horton, T D Murray, J R Boyles, B T Commoris. B T Ramsey. J Mc
Cartney,' E B Rienhart, N N James, J E Clarke, J A Linley, C Moseley,
A M Batie, R E Patrick. W R Arnett. J P Horaan, D F Mallum. A King.
J S Franklin. T H White, A S Fulton, T Moran, JDS SuUivan. Jn Mc
Keon, M Gafney, C Sleeper, H Williaras, Jos White, Py White, Dr J H
Holraes, M Rudolph, J H Anthony. E Houston, J Littlefield. Dr C R
Culler, Dr L L Battle, Wm Perry, Dr W W Nelson.
Company from Fort Smith, March 12th :
M M Heath, J V Wedsworth, W P Lirae, M Marshall, S F Stanley,
Jesse Owen, G Ballard, J H Sellers, A Scarborough, J W Waddle, M J
Flynn, D D Bowman, W H Hutchinson, F W Lanweister, H Harris, N
Rora, S MuUbrey, W Brokaw, T Ceroid.
Corapany frora Louisville, Ky., March 12th :
J B Hine, Dr Hine & wife, Lieut Thompson, Dr M J Baxter, J S
Prather, M Brown, S M Millen, A Rankin D C Stone, C P Bardin. J
Dunn, I D Thorapson, J S Goach, B Stout. S P Reader. M B Johnson.
Mathew Harris, R H Redd, Jacob Fox, J B Fox, F Graff, C Smiley. Hy
Byres, E Buck, S Raphael, Arm Graf, Dr B Miller, J H Miller. & 2
children, W Percival, Hy Fox, Bernd Shennell. J T Smith, W D May-
hall, B McDuffy. H Haynes.

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 4"
From. Memphis, Tenn., AprU 28th :
E WUkins, Jn WiUs, Mr. Ledgerwood, P W Kirkpatrick, E Mallory, R
S Param, J P Param, G Davis, Capt L Lagrange, Jn Gary Lamar,
W Macon, R B Macon, E WiUiamson, E Morris, H Hart, P W Fulings,
Simon Fant, Mr Mori ison, M D Floyd, R Steele, B Doxy, Mr Foster,
Jas Ballord.
The Ophir Mining Co., from Boston, April 6th :
Dana Slade, Alden Daily, Ed Whipple, E C Stone, G A Aidrich, W P
Taylor, E S Gross, J B Hill, D Buttler J S Rand, B B Neal, D A Mans
field, Sm Cushman.
From Pennsylvania :
Jas Galloway, J M Stephenson. W Sraith. G A Lyon, J P Douglass. J
M Woods. G W Yeager. R Miller, Hy Gamble, Jas WiUiamson, J W
Hastings, Alex Love, Mr Turner. E P Tucker. J W Depew, R C Wood-
wood, G B Schmidt, H Hantz, G W Rupp. G W Klinefelter, Sra Dick.
Dr H L Smyser, Hy Holtzmeyer. W C Chapraan. Alex Wentz, C Har
baugh, S A Henry, Jacob Kent, Jonthn Stover, D O Prince, T King, J
W Kuntz, J Cooper, R Lane. P Wolf, E Dye, M Hannigan.
From Georgia :
E F Park, B Breedlove. T W White. F H Sandford. S Park, E King,
F D Edwards.
From Florida :
H M Brown, T Bezeau, J C Knapp, Ths Barnard. Geo Barnard.
From Alabama :
A Deming, D W C Benshaw, J L Davenport, Rufus Calwell, A J Rich
ards, J P Cook, Milton Cook, Jno Deraing, I G House, J C Otis, S Col
well, P J Ryraer, H Cook, Wm Rhodes, F Bone, J H Chace, G S Mc
Knight, A J Spofford, G W Clark.
Frora Pittsburgh :
J D King, W T and A H Gross, G Stewart, Wm Gay. D Boudelear. C
Robins, Alex Moore, D C Ellis.
From St. Louis and New York :
J M Seward, J McFarland, Mr Hitt, S Richmond, C King, J Skinner.
H Crandall, B F Dudley, Eli Bidwell, H M MUler, J Melburn.
Members of the Mount Washington Co., from Boston, started
April 14th :
Jos Thing, E S Perkins, Wm TrumbuU, Ed Willet, TAB Norris, W
B Turner, R C Shaw, W L Jordan, T C Green, R A Lewis, F Forsaith.

412 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
C T Kaulbeck, J Huff, C Marcy, L H Richardson, S D Murdough, J
Bogan, E Hinkley, C F Winship, A Nye, D K Knowles, J A Morse, S
Southwick, J Mills, C F Toby, C Houghton, V Woo, cock, C B Lawton,
C Whittemore, J M Ross, J GuUd, C Snow, J L Carpenter, G F Sand
ford, Wra White, Nthn Watkins, Wm Wallace, H D GuUerson, R Els-
worth, S Mathews, J A Winship.
Left Boston May 15th, overland route :
J Webber, NAM Dudley, Col Darling, — Leominster, Otis Stevens,
C Pevear, R C Nichols, Dr Robinson, Wm Nichols, J K Cowan, Wm
Walker, Oliver Welch, F K S Shed, Dd HaU, J H Freeman, Chs Math
ews, N W Crossraan, S Edgerly, Jn Tollman, T W Palmer, D A Hog-
den, C Corbett, T W and H F Hyde. Luther Stone, Dd Alien, G W
Smith, Capt A Crane, A C Thurber, Jos Collins, G S Darling, J P Tyler,
G C Tyler, I S Hawkins, T F Davis, G C Pearsons, G L Coburn, Syl
vanus Paige.
From Pennsylvania:
The following persons at Independence, for California, March
2 oth :
J M Stephenson, G A Lyon, Jas Galloway, G W Yeager, J M Woods,
Wm Sraith, Robt Miller, Hy Gamble, Jn MiUer, Jas WiUiarason, J W
Hastings, Alex Love, E P Tucker, J W Depue, J F Gaslay, S C Mann.
J M Crararaer, Jn Naglee.
From Virginia :
J W Bowers. O W Harrison, J S Showers. G W Coraegys. J Bender.
From Georgia:
J Y Gardner, E Reeder, J A McCrory, DBF Rolfe, Rev A J Stephen
son, F M Davenport, A C McCrory, Robt McCrory, T W Mitchener, J L
Reeder, Robt Turk, Phil Friedlander, L Borneman, J W Mitchener, M
Clay, S Scrieber, Jesse Livingston,
From other places :
J Cormack, Harris Seymour, G L Denney, G Wilmot, W E Richey,
Yates Ashley, Mr. Alexander, wife and child, Judge Haskell, Wra Quig
ley, F McCluskey, Phil Johnsoh, Brd Crangle, L G Pelton. R H Witmer,
Hy Allen, W N Stoddard, Abra Bates. W A Lawrence, Jas French.
From Peoria, 111., April 4th:
Capt PhiUips, J S Bowers, Jas Arrastrong, Lonh Howell, Wra & C L
Armstrong, Jacob Adaras, M Angel, J Angel, B H Barnard, B J Booker,
A H Brown, B J O'Brien, Jesse O'Brien, C W Boyden, Hy Bowman,

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 413
J Crable, Wm Carman, Thos Carlyle, J R CrandaU, Jacob Culver,
Jn Collin, Ed Durst, Elisha Douglass, Flerng Dunn, Andw Drury,
S W Eastmen, J R Forsyth, M Fritcheiy, W Frury, Geo Ford, G H Far
ron, Wm Giles, Nat Giles, Nelson Giles, M & E Greenman, A Hughs,
C M Hinman, R W Haynes, Nathan HaU, S R Hicks, W H HoUand,
Paul Keim, Owen Kingsley, Isaac Lockman, Myn Lisk, H G MUler, J &
H Moffat, Jas Mitchell, Jn Monroe, T J McGrew, Warn Nash, J Nichol
son, Obadiah Oakley, Allen Philley, Wm Pearce, W E Post, Rbt Pack,
C W Reese, Jn & Jas Rankin, E Snow, Peter Shroff, Hy Stevens, Lend
Somers, Jn ShuU, Rees Stevens, Vlnte Shutts, W H Simmerman,
J Sarapson; A S Seward, Adm ShoU, Wra Sterling, Josh Thurwell, Jn
Tucker, Sm Tart, Hee Tarble, Wra Tapin, Ira Ward, Geo Wells, Jn
Winter, Stpn Winter, M & R Watson, Joseph Wood, Ben White, Jos
EUis, G F Pledge, Mr Tripp, Orrin Oakley, Geo Lawrens, W Spurk,
Jas Swan, Wm Howe, Geo Oakley, Jas Margins. Seth Sturgess, Hy
Hann, Jas Maxwell, Wm Stilwell, Abijah Hunt, Rubn Crowell, Jerorae
Stevens, Andw Johnson, Jo Hunt, W G Tryall, D M McConnell, J S
Cleaveland, Dl Barnard.
Frora Indiana:
E D Bartlett, A S HaU, G A Sherlan, Elisha Barnes, S Johnson, Wdn
Batey, Th Hoops, Scott Ashman, T Moore, C Guttery, H P Kanen-
hower, W Orr, L Burns, S E Burns, Dr H B RusseU, P Russell, S E
Welch, Erast Dennis, Jn Roop, L L Hicks, Abm Thomas, Asher Morse,
C R Jewett, C Boyles, J Beacham, S P Judson, E E Wheeler, Thos
Smith, G Doolittle, S B George, R Hamsher, Wm Thoraas, Jas Huss,
Hy A Knapp, C T Stead, Matthew Chase, J Foulkes, S P Ogden, Ellis
Russell, Wm~ Peat, J D Driver, E H Blair, Jn Stead, J Davenbaugh, J
Bauer, J Murphy, T F Shoups, E Pratt, Wm Alverson, Jas Carson, Geo
Butls, Jacob Butts, T F Mendenhal, M J PhUlips, Geo Harsh, Thos
Richardson, N B Tibbats, W V Stocking, A B Berthol, Francis Black,
Jas Doolittle, Melvle PhUlips, Jn Wade, H J Doolittle, G A Merrifield,
A M Wing, Wale Thomas, Dd Darr, T WUkinson, Jas Tryon, Dd Zook,
Thos Stockdale, J Frazier, H Winger, L H Sargent Luther Sheriam,
Lewis Coraparet, S L Cottrell, Chs Bertrand, Jn Vessey, H McNabb,
Anthy Labadie, A Coquilard, Francis Page, J Groenical, W W Stuart,
L A Booth, T M Lindley. M D Topping, W R Stewart, J Blackburn. E
Denniston. Company from Lafayette, May 13th.
J Dennett, F W Thayer, J B Congle, L M Brown, Jere Starr, Z B
Richardson, Robt Little, N Littleton, G W Patterson, Jos Gray, S Tay
lor, L P H Verden, Sm Percy, S S Thompson, G S Rose, W Hawthorn,

414 IHE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
F W Brown, A Garrett, W C Baird, G H C Stackhouse, S A Berry. Jn
Fisher, Alpheus Bull, H C Lawrence, C R Scudder, Martin Verdon, Dan
McDonald .
FoHowing is a list of vessels with the names of their passengers
that sailed from the various Atlantic Seaports for California in
1849. From New York City.
Ship Albany, January nth:
W H Rogers, J R Johnson, W S Ogden, C N Doane, J PuUman, D C
Gourlay, John EUis, G Foraes, C Tucker, P French, F L Mather, Rbt
Fast, S Lasala, W Gibson, M Hayes, A Weill, H Bissell, S S Whitlock.
J Gibson, J Brown, A Horseraann, G W Anderson, Jaraes Morris, E Sea-
raan, R S SomerviUe, H Meiggs, E W Meiggs, M S Cornell, A R Law
rence, J L Morehead. C Whitehouse, R D HaU, H S Horton, Wm Rob
bins, A Durell, Wm Heymer, E Shureraann, L B Ingersoll, C S Hutch
ins jr, T Hayes, John Hayes, J Letson, S Edwards, P McVey. J Cregan.
C PhiUips, S C Horsely, L Barnes, F Pidgeon, J J Day, E Edwards.
T Ritchardson, L H Mayoring, P T Bertine, G Breasted, J Dorlen.
E Pinard, A Balimere, F Rinnins, J Anderson, T Gilchrist, S J Hughes.
Brigg Orbit sailed January 13th:
Passengers, F Best, J N Best, J W Pennoyer, D H Plass, E Waldorph
C Pierson, A P Norton, F Reynolds, G W Garretson, P L Traver, H
Van Dyck, J G Chapman, J D Jessup, W Dorchester, — Curtis, F E
Stowe, Jesse Squire, Geo Barton, Ed Halfield, C C Massey, Jeremiah
Race, E C Coffin, I Buckman, Jr, Thos Newell, B F Harder, F Hodge-
boom, Geo Jerome, M Coventry, H L Loop, N Jacobie, J R Chapman,
C C Penfield, R M McClelland, A J Van Dyck, M Ten Eyck.
Ship Chris Colon, sailed Jan. 6th :
P B Schermerhorn, Dr. J W Ray, C H Buckraaster, J H Beekraan, E
W Spofford, W J Eraraet, Herra Le Roy, — Jones, C S Hatch, Wm
Leedoin, C J Torbett, J Ackerman, J Frothinghara, J R St Felix, M B
Thomas, T J French, J Stanton, Hy Livingston, W Crockson, C Van
Allen, Edw Herrick, H B Livingston, C H Giles, CT Emmet, L B Lent,
T B Downing, S L Haven, W P Bailey, Wm K Keene, G E St Felix, T
F Thomas, J R Garcia, J L Boggs, Dr B D Sraith.
Steamer Crescent City sailed from New York July ist :
J Connor, J H Gray, A J Mandeville, E Lewis, C E Mott, J Bartlett,
J B Sagar, J R Whherman, H Darragh, H H O'Gallaghan, N Talbot, A

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 415
L Eichel, T R Dascomb, S'& B Stinson, S H Sabin, G H Graham, A
Sandford, N N Shepard, D Schoonhaven, Wm Drake, C W Hartshorne,
S K March, F A HoweU, J P Clark, T Tilden, G & A G Rice, S EUis, C
Wilson, W Halstead, J C Davidson, B F Rand, J FoUansbee, A S Eddy.
J Andrews, S Knapp, J Noyes, H Johnson, L M Hart, A Graham, J
(^hapman, C W Churchill, F Mclntyre, L Ingraham, A S Carpenter. J P
Luther, B M Hyatt, S Chase, S Day, J F Howe, Mr Hilligers, W Schenck.
C WUey, W Shattuck, J S Hyatt, T Andrews, J Post, N H Reynolds.
Capt C M Grinnell, D L Flanegan, C Palmer, \^ T Brown, H Reed, LG
McDonald, D S Turner, D B Rosing, W KendaU, J H Fish, J W Magin
nis, W H Connolly, W S Carr, H Braes, J Hunker, Mr Noes, J Lansing,
E Doty, J G Hodge, J S Watson, J V Schenck, G H Buttock, F P Fitz,
C A Mead, E P Briggs, J Perry, E W Brown, A H McNair, Capt Nye,
F Bailey, J Dougherty, J S Maloney, G Innis, L C Hyland, W Francis,
A BiUings. J Magstaft, J Long, C K Taylor, C B Gilland, M J W Talcot,
G M Jacksoii, J H Hodges, D Johnson, A D Perry. A C McCarty. E H
Schofield. J McDaniels, B Adrian, C B Mitchell, C A Taylor, D Lind
say, E Anderson, T D Bixby. S Carey. L R Anthony, G Magstaff, P W
Bennett, L N Jones, A Schenck, H T King, C Baker, F J araes, C Moore,
J Lane, W Wine. J H Davis, W H Smith. J D C Beach. S D Deliver, J
D Cox, A Alien, p F HoUingsworth, Capt Swain, R M Floyd, W Taylor,
J S Townsend. J F Smock, W B Gardner, W H Chandler, C Lee, J G
Dana, W H Benton, E Sutton. J H Eddy, L T Talbot, B Tilley, E P
Barker, A Staples. A L Eddy, J H Spies, C Goodwin, W Barclay. E S
Morsely, R Moore, N Wing, M WaUis, G 'W Beach. M Haywood. D
Daniels, A Belcher, J AUen, A O Crougur, C E Young, J Edsal, H Edsal.
C W Rand, P Folger. E Moore. J M Farrar, S L Burritt, H J Chambers,
R Turnbull, J J Bryant, J G Brown, F M Macondray, Lieut E Beal. J
Holkins, D Wright. C E Hitchcock, H M Whitney, E Ingersoll, W Bul
lock, R D Kimball and wife, C Shaw, J Wakely, D Murray, C D Thomp
son, W H Christie, W W Dwight. D Mayner, H D Fitch, J Smith, C R
Peters, J Jackson, J Simpson. C S Gunn, C Dwight, H Mallen, F R
Starr, C W Daniels, L Brown, C Ince, J C Leach, D Knower, F W Ur-
man, J Curry, C Rich, W S Pearson, S A Pettis, G M Reid, J C Jaques,
H A Smith, M D Pratt, J Keeler, P A Roach, J H Cook, J L Cramer, D
Knapp, S Norris, J G Hooper, D Chauncey, W F Walton, W D Kesler.
Stearaer Empire City, sailed July 17th :
A McLane, Gbt Fowler, C C Greenough, Jos Townsend, J Shumway,
C A Druy. J W Kearney, J H Place, Wm Place, Dd Moore. Geo Able.
Jn McCann, Jas Moore, J A Percy, Rbt McDoweU, J F Signer, Rbt
Barnard, Rbt Edmonds, Jared Greenman, HyDuel, D T Jenks. W Wil
liams, M Parezzo. N W Palmer, Sm Wheeler, Jn McKindley, J W Rice,

41 6 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Manus Herman, J Solutz, Hy Chadwick, Jn Linsey, Jas Whitehead, Jn
Schules, G W Pinkney, J B Micow, J Haliday, G K Brooks, Jas Cushing,
J W Fannington, G W Blenthen, R M Cunstein, Moses Roach, J.C
Hasty, J B Barker, Jasn Hinman, P D Beecher, Capt Jas Bowen, E T
Lake, L D Carlneas, K O Brigham, J B Glover, J Van Allen, G J Chase,
J S-Vanderheyden, Wm Blackwood, W N Canfield, F O W Tenn, Jno
Ford, S Wesel, D B Balen. G W UnderhiU, Jn Gorden, Wm Plumpton,
E Laymen, Jn Farnsworth, W Whates, B Frazer, M Barbere. M Le
Grand, Frs Anderson, Jas Brooker, Jn Orr, Jas BeU, Wm Wade, Coy
Willisten.. Php Van Wart, J R Haff. Jno Styles, Josh Vincent, Leond
Thorn, Alex Moncrief, Wm Metcalf, N Y Horner, Php Netherton,
Darius Bartley, Thos Woolsey, G W Baldwin. R R Dyckman, J B
Glover, Ed Bartholomew, M W Bonnell, Wm Baker. Jacob Browning.
W Hartraan. A Henlin, L Sedeh, O & A Chargot, Dr Frisbee, F A
Browne, W Cary Innes, J VanDewater, Wm Vanderbilt, A Forbes, A J
Elwood, Herraan True, Mrs Barrett, E Dunham, F Dodd. W King, E
J Shoemaker. Dr O G Shark. J S Mickles, G M Smith, Dd Mallett,
J T Burns, R G Thompson. J McCombs, C F Simpson, Capt Jas
Peterson, J B Weir, W Wood, — Munson, — Hoyt, Isrl Post, C E
Young, T A Lynch, P Van Schmidt, J P Green, Augs Haussman, A
J White, M S Martin, Dd Davis. Jn Webb. C S Kassim, W F Pale-
frem, Jn Young. G S Hodskin. C F Lipraan, T H Tomes, Jack H
Take, W D Storer. W T Ryerson, Hzl SkiUings, W F Kelsey, Jos
Bluxome, J C Harris. H J Burdick. W C Young, A J Nyeum, W D Gal
braith, A F Hinchraan, J F Beck. Ed Burgess, C H Morris. R B Way.
C L Patten, J W Linsey. Geo Beadle. J B Tanner, Hy Bennett, C H
Storm. Erst Zachusen. Gabl Edmann. J Humphrey, Jas Coleman, H
D Tuttie, J H Reddington, E L Hadden, Hy Hemssin, Hy Almink.
Dl Fitzgerald. J H Cook, R D MerriU, J F Averill. J L Sullivan, Wm
KeUy. J Meny. Alex Eddy. P L Burlingame. J P Whitney. G Renand,
Chs Ressellin, R P Tucker, R O Raymond. J B Cushing.
Bark Tecumseh, sailed July ist. New York,
Mrs. J B Wingerd, Mr DiUon, J W Petty. S Lintz, F L Guerin, Wm
French, J P Hawkins, Jonathn Wilson. Wm Gassert, Dd Green, R C
Liscomb. N Piercy, C D Draper. W Thoraas, W O Draper, S W Draper,
Adon M Aidrich, Edwn Richards, G H Richards, Lewis Shepherdson,
Geo Downes, HNS Holmes, D M Wheeler, Alex Corbitt, Jn Sykes, H
W Gray, H P Hoyt, wife and four children, Chas Knapp, Stn Foster,
Chs Gotterbarm, G Schoonhoven, G Platt, Hy Jones. G W Pa-alding, G
Barnhart, L B Broad, C A Maise, Jn Jones, Robt Lynch, Chs Anger,
F A Heeder, C W Meyer, W Wood, B Bennett, Sara Bird, Herman Are-
hart. T Dorland, W B Coats, R C Darden, P H Porter, H J Coats, Jn

IHE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 417
Sykes, Dr Fish, G Spear, C S Coon, Geo Coon, J B Wingerd, Mrs
Johnson and son, H W Gray.
Stearaer Falcon, sailed 19th April.
T B King, Col J Hooker, Col R T P Allen, W H Hudson. R N Allen,
M A Dewolf, Wm Willock, O V WiUiams. Mr Brooks, J B Kenyon, E B
Kenyon, Jn Woodward, J R Swain. A Van Wyck; W Van Schaik, Geo
Doane, Ed McLean, H Taylor, R Shankland, M M Dickinson, J S Gibbs,
W A Walker, S Leland, Jn Boyer, H S Ketcham, W M Eddy, L W
Ferris, J Burns, S W Shelton, R S Putnam, J Briggs, J C Bowser, J B
Avaline, Jn McKean, A Simpson, J G and W E Simpson, Chs Doer-
mer, D Leland, W T Pratt, D P Rich, J Jackson, Hy Smith.W Green.
Steamer Unicorn, from New York, April 23d :
R L Putnam, Dr J B Grarland, J M Garland, S Chenn, O Sthreshly,
Mr Newman, Dr De la Montagne and wife. J Dobson' J Finnic. W C
Disbrow, R Glover, W A Green, N McDonald, Theron Minor, Geo Lev~
eridge, R Goodrich Reganor, G W Coffee. J Desotell, T Mahoney, J
Sheppard, T J Smith, T Jones, E Townsend, J B Brady, S Osborn, A
Andrews, W HajTvood, J Perry, A Coles, P Jones, O R Howes, E C
Jenny, C Bishop, Mr RavenhiU, G Stimpson, Mr Cox. W P Perley, L P
Spofford, W C and M Smith. E AUen.
Ship Probus, sailed June 21st:
Dr Gustavus Taylor. Wm P Hanna, J C Hanna, JAC Vamorossum,
A G Gildemeister, Ed O'Harra, H D Alden, J W Gill, E and R H Swift,
A H Pierce and wife, Andw Zeffert. Jacob Guiser, Robt Henry, Dr
Owen, R S Owen, X B Bontemps and wife, Jn Leonard, J Maraees,
Stephn Parrett, H P Parrett, J A Jennings, L Routh, Andrew Klaus.
Jn Klaus, W S O'Connor, Jn AUen. M W Quick, Sra Wilson, L M
Richie. Str. Panaraa, sailed June 20th :
J M Gleason, M Schellenberger, M Little. G Morris, Juan Bandin &
Sons, Major J A Hardie, P Frazer, G H Gould, N H Bachelder, J H
Egleston, R P Campbell, S H Branchs, B P Williams. Mr Paty and 2
chUdren. Mr and Mrs Jarvis and child, W F De Jongh, N E Givins, D
H Whipley & Son, A J Morrell, Mrs Geary. Alex Ruden, E Escobar, J
Abell, J P Dunn, J O Agnew, G H Williams, G A Dean, Anson House,
A Frost & wife, J H Ackerman, J Steinhard, S D MelviUe, J A Marcley,
E H Boardman. J T Hoffraan, L L Moss wife & 4 children, J J Black. J
M Lord, Jas Connelle. Washn Adams, Chs Leidoff, Jn Voorhees, —
Bronson. C Whitney, D P Webster, J P Conner. Isaac Stokey. Jn Mon-

4i8 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
roe, Geo Corgin, Archibald and Miss Sinclair, C G Rowe, Archibald
Roane, J Sherwood, J Sanchez, G F Thoraas. Jos Martin, A Frank, W
T Osborne, W J Goodrich.
Sch. Francisco, sailed July 3d :
G R Dudley, N Holmes, S Dean, R Dean, W Martin, W Neil, C Strat
ton, Robt ElUott, W WiUiston, C S Moody, Chs Pierson.
Ship Prince De Joinville, sailed July 9th :
H TaUman, Dr D A Edgar, H B Cossitt, J A Kyte. Rbt Watkinson. J
M Hood, E B Hood, F S Larned, M J Boehme. J A Large; Jn Bassett,
Wra Aldinger, R L Standish, E S James, E W Watt,*Rbt Sanford.
Bark Philena, sailed July nth :
E S Hubbell. J N Dawley, J W Schuyler, Mrs Schuyler, T M Mandir-
able, J Stockholm, D O Rugen, C W Sraith, J G Tower, W W Arm
strong, E Osborn, A Austin, S Rice, G Brown, D C Swain, J Court, C
H Moulton, T P Sherraan, S C & H V Herbert, N Gove, W H Collins,
S Barber, J Frost, Dr H Hosketh, J W Tobey, L Bade J Maey, W
Martin. Brig Mexican, July 12th :
J A Monroe, Jacob Crowinshield, E D Swartout. F R Wright MD, T
C Laborde, Ed Tyler, Chs Rowan, Jas Hearn, Ed Field, Rensalaer,
Schuyler, Wra Sterritt, Jas Conklin, Chs Jackson, Josh Phelan, Dan
Wyant. On Steamer Panama, express. May nth :
Capt Ryan, Fdk Collins, H S Putting, L G Austin, J A Richardson,
Geo Garner, Jas Smith, Ench Coft'ee, Wm Ransdell, C D Bonesell, J W
Noble, J Miller, J H Chapman, A Cook, L Aulden, A Vanderbeck,
Howd Tan, R B Quick, J H Jackson, J W Gowen. H Tooker. Robt
Phipps, J Scott, Nathl Donnan, W Southerland, Saral Capp, A M Berry,
Frank Moses, J F Wheeler, F Allerton, S Shoefelt, J CornweU. Rbt
Walker, Jn Thompson, Beri Johnson, T J Collins.
Ship Angelique, sailed May 19th :
Wm Hilt, R L R Dilmars, Jn Sheppard, W C Wyatt, C L Carson, Ths
Russell, B L Marshall, J W Kitchem, J O Ferrell, H H Barclay, Sral
Huston, J Whitney, J H Rogers, J Hitchcock, Conls Ackerman, Miss
Sampson, Mrs Barker, Mrs Griswold, Mrs Farnhara and 2 chUdren.
Steamer Crescent City, sailed May 24th:
E A Johnson, C W Stewart. J Hills. D Lamb. J Payne, F S Wood-
win. C Gibson. F Osgood. T W Colburn. G D Colburn, L L Colburn. G

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 419
W Ferine, J A Walker, C Foster, Lieut R Meade, A Roberts, J SeUing,
J D Lyoii, H Hartmann, J M Strobridge, J Stettnins, W O Stevenson,
J D Waugh, A P DeWitt, C W Babcock, T L HoUinstrom. W B Kirby,
J BaUey, T H Babson, R H Miller, C H Whittemore, J W Sumner, C
Spear, U Higgins, W Holbrow, J Knight, C Middlebrook.
Stearaer Falcon, sailed May 27th :
A Dupuy, B Dupuy and son, G M Burnham, F P Tracy, C E Foster,
W Jenkins, RoUin Thorn, M Castro, MCM Burkle, Annis MerriU, J D
Hart, E D Weld, Jn Hobbs, C Knowlton, J McVicar, W Johnson, D
Lamb, Geo Crook, C Wetmore, J C Wetmore, S O and H Wetmore, H
B KeUogg, H Gosi, W A Eramons, R Gurley, C WoUet, R Finniger, S
Wetgel, Dr H Henninway, Dr Richardson, J O Laughlin, J S Mead, J
P Fay, H Horton, W H Holt, Theo Thickler, G W Fowle, L G Hing
ham, W Frisbie, W H Thomes, J H Bunting, A A Rhodes, Capt Mc
Caduck, J W Jones.
Bark I^nnah Sprague, sailed May 21st:
D Evrett, Hm Daggett, A Wheeler, W Melton, S J Bookstaver, J D
Dodge, G W Dupignua, J R Wiley, Wra BothweU, J Mead, A and J A
A Post, L L Pert, Aaron Peck and wife, L Peck and wife. Miss Peck,
Mrs D F Lansing, and son and daughter, J Frink, wife and 2 chUdren.
D R Garniss, W H Smith, J R Garniss, M L Merrick, W D Foreman, A
J Cost, J G Doreman, J H AUen, Dr J Webster, R P Hoag, W L Grubb.
D Goddard, S Fair, J M Bellinger, A E Johnson, R M BeUinger, D W
Provost, Geo Travis, W D Folger, C C HaU, Paul Huzcke, J H Corneli-
son, Ralph Hulse, M E Trebout, J Coddington, M St George Twiss, W
H BeadeU, Dr Lathrop, J T Lee, Jos Numnes, A Jacqueth, Geo Bronson,
T W Hazlett, P Alebast, Jas Pettigrew, G T Titman, R H Deaving, L
M McKee, G T Tracy, S W Root, J D Rice, D Wright, Saml Rickett,
Plato WUliams, C F Clark, Geo Pews, Chs Kinezyn, Sra Hemon, Archbld
Brown, Wm Thompson, Wm Evans, J R Hale, T C Reed, G T Cory, C
A Berger, W S Brown, W Atkinson, H McSten, ^W N Caldwell, N
David, M Osgood, L Gashein, W T Simpson, Mk Robinson, G W
Brown, E Coyett, C Brooks, Sm Butts, A Easten, S Harris, W Owens,
Wm Wood, J R Dare, Dan Mavry, E E Merchant, A W Hazard, A
Brown, W. T Jones.
Passengers of Bark Griffon, March Sth :
J T Hedden, J Overton, W W Martin, H H Martin, H G Hunt, Geo
Stoutenburg, O S Halstead, F W Halstead, Theo Lewis, O G Smith, J
W Lewis, J R Donalson, Ed Belant, Morris Kennedy, Darius Bedford,
Jn Denyse, G D Hughes, H C Ward, A H Halstead, Platt Sop:r, W H
Wittiraore, Horace Vangriron, W H Guatier, Chas Cushing, J W Ne^.-

420 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
ill, Geo Bedford, Dr A P Munson, T A Vanzandt, Thos Potter, Jn
Peters, G W Scudder, J B Freeman, T F Andrews, Hy Griswold, J n
Craven, Jalh Williams, L Lyon, D C Pierson, A M Hunter, A Vande
venter, C S & W C Lufberry, J Lenare, D R Sture, W O Moore, S B
King, C S Denman, S R Smith, E Correy.
Passeagers of bark Santee, March 2 2d :
W W Candee, Jn Clark, F S Gardiner, A A Alpros, Albt Case, Rodny
Goodenough, C E Smith, J W Johnston, H O Burritt, N Hammond,
Jothn Hamor, Jn Pagin and wife, Wm Pagin, C S Rebello, G H Holt, C
Espersan, G Shervoy, A A Sharp, Master Middleton, J Coffin, Mr Has
kins, D Milligan, Col Sturt Perry, Oliver & CrandaU, Dd Plumraer, J F
Haggerford, B S Osborne, W H Walrad, B Leavenworth, H D Kirck, J
B Norton, Dan Rankin, Morse Mathews, Nelson Wilcox, W L Carpen
ter, W H Walrad, F W Lenicke, Thos Rankin.
Passengers of bark Isabel, from New Brunswick, Feb. 3d :
Capt N R Brewer, R S Sinclair, Dr A F Taylor, I E Vangfleson, J W
Van Middlesworth, J V Spader, J H Berien, P V Fisher, J Van Nuis, jr,
Dd AbdUl, J M CaywoOd, M Caywood, Jas Forman, T Letsen, T H
Pyatt, Wm Connover, J F Suydam, Albert Riley, J Kirkpatrick, Peter
Davis, G H Martin, Wm Rowland, W F Marsh, Theo SkiUraan, W V S
Annim, M Hoagland, Jas Cook, J R Hardenberg, W V VUet, R M Ed
monds, Gabriel Sillocks, JR Grant, B H Low, J C Dunhara, P Outkirk,
P Suydam, W P Castner, G D Martin, G W Rearaer, J B Dayton, W C
Kellum, Dd Swayne, J R Brewer, P D Elmendorf, C S Stout, CDS
Boyce, J H Van Deveer, Randolph Low.
Passeagers of bark Heary Harbeck, March 9th:
Cornels Schenck and wife, E Swift and wife, Dr J R Edwards, C D
Smith, Capt Jas Myrick, A P Middleton, P H Carraan, W K Cost. Ptr
Warner, T R Howard, T Ryan, Jos Ryan, Jonthn Goodhall, Jn Law
rence, J N Webster, B F Weaver, A NeUis, B Worden, C G Price, B
Street, A D White, J R Smith, Wm Hoatling, C O Barton, P H Owens,
Walter Lane, Geo Hoffraan, L Taylor, C Ford, Lewis George, Chas Ford.
GW Coffee, L Biddleman, J W Flandreau, Wm Beacroff, Wm Snyder,
S M Degroff, O Sedgwick, Mike Mae^raff, A C Maynard, J Mesick, S M
Gallup, H W McConkey, R Welch, J S Hoatling, J Salisbury, H Burton,
H P Degroff, J Larkin, H M Bean, J E Stickler, B Smith. H Worden,
J D Kennard, W H Kilborn, J McCoUom, H C Bouck. W P Kennard,
Wm Christy.
Passengers of bark Mousam, frora New York, March 8th:
Hy Waldo, Capt S J Coffin, H B Geary, J M Burroughs, Dr Onder
donk, P Onderdonk, J G Spangler, A G Newraan. G A Pease. P Rousi.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 421
A Vedder. H Lampman, W WiUiams, R A Demraick, S Skinkle. A A
Fuller, J E Babcock, H P Lees, P D Bray, H Doty, P H Van Vleck, J
Cakins, Z B Wittick, P Van Bramer, H A Esmonce, G F P Dawson, C
Gray, J W MarshaU, E Howard, B Brush, W F Worthy, P D Freleigh.
W Purdy, M Bain, C Markle, S Vasburgh, W L R Livingston, P A
Winna, L E Roberts, J G Madison, C Sraith, W D Eltning, P Holen-
beck, C V Hitchcock, E Best, J Best. G A Nash. R P Dunsbury. F C
Riesdorph, C L Blereron, C Van Duesan, C E Carpenter, G F Mitchell,
J C WiUiaras.
Passeagers of bark Noruraberg, from New York, March 8th:
David Kisner, Wltr Hyer, Ed Pillet, Sral Goodenough, G A Backus,
Chas Bloom, C D Sraith, Wm Jones, J S Monroe, Hardng Vander
pool, Andw Perinera, Robt Buchannan, Dd Demerest, Edwn Roe, W
J Watkins, Frcs Donnelly, Smi Young, W J Howard, Myers Morange.
Rd Dugan, Cornls Fulkerson, S H Denton. W H Warden, P M
Mahon, Geo Thompson, W H Benjamin, Geo Lansdown. Geo Young.
T W Denton, Jn McBeath, J F Wilkins, Angus S Noe. Wm Bason.
Rdm Backus, Dd Levitt, Jn Denton.
Passeagers of ship Samoset, sailed March 21st :
Wm Coddington, A M Schell, H E Murray, E Van Wart, B J Leg-
gatt, B J Sniffin, Dd Potts, A Reynolds, Horace Reynolds, J D Arthur,
Capt Hall & wife, J O Hildreth, Rev Mr Morehouse, T G W Lyster, S T
Keeling, Mr Babcock, Cornls Hodgkins, W H Kent, J J Gray, A Arnold,
E Ely, C J Richards. J J Hornblow. R J Dunn, D HoUister. Rbt Buck
ingham, J H Kimble', Jas Mowbray, Mr Hyberg. E Luddington, P S
Wooden, W H Brown. J Williams, Araos Pettis, Ely King, H Spence, L
King, Theo Needham, Erasts Doane, D Burns, J W Knapp, D McCaf-
fray, Mr. Wilson, Mr Milligan, C P Russ. F A Sevier, M Beauclark, W
S Stone, O H Steadman, W H Henderson,'G W Lawrence, Dd Dewitt.
D L Earle, Jas Youle, G W Porter, G Tice, Phlp Blass, Dani Stoper, E
Crary, A Blosson, D D Bonner, J Nickerson, D Brown, G Brown, L H
Crank, J C Kennady, Rt McKenzie, Dd Storm, G Sweet, Isaac Cornell,
L Dennis, A L Brown, A Eldred, G A Philip wife and 2 children, R M
Johnson, Wm Gates, J Ten Eyck, W H Chase, A D North, H Becker,
R B Wright, T Peterson, C D Pease, J A Thomas, J K Garritson, J
Demarest, W Kinney, B Beaton, R Kirk, E F Robinson, G Lambert, D
Lambert, W N Smith, A B Alverson, W P Burditch, H N Graves, A
Graves, S Bailey. J Deitze. W Gardner, Chas Rice, G Sharp, J W Brit
ton, N McLoughlin, A McLoughlin, C Moe, O Wood, A McNamee, Dr
E Conover, C Conover, E Bell, D Cooper, R R Lloyd. T Billsland, S B
Sherwood, A P Russell, Mr Buchannan, S H Brockway, E Simonson,

422 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
J C Bennett. W Stark. C S Kissam, S B Wood, D S Merrill, Jn Doug
lass, J P Brandt, C M Van Schaick, J B Wolf, J Olmstead, A Chamber
lain, E Heldreth, A Petrie, C & A S Farille. C H Randall, E Brown. J S
& J H Irins. S Leaycraft, J B Counter, J F Larabden, Wm Marshall.
Dd Passman, Wra Anderson, E M Young, Jn Kempton. Alfred Law,
Wra Muir. G W Williams. W H Ludlow. H Leggatt.
Passengers by steamer Crescent City sailed, May 15th :
Mrs Col Freraont & Child, Col G W Hughes. Mr Jacobs, S C Gray &
wife, Jos BeU & wife, H S Cushing. Rev T Seldines. H A Whitney, C H
Potter. J R Dow, J H Chittenden. M Loughnane. H I Richmond, D D
Haramond, E Taggart, A W Frick, Francis Arent, A Winantz, E M
Howison, G Ferguson. J H Dail, C WiUiaras.H N DUlion. T A Warboss.
Jas Gordon, Jos L Beemer. W H Sirapson. D J Goshine, T S Brewster.
Edgar Carap. C J Rockwell, H Hutchinson, Nichls Rector. N Wood
ward, C D Gibbs, D Diderer, T S Thompson, L M Thorapson, J C Ried-
man, E W Hopkins, R C Bosworth, F W Hopkins, Theo Mills, M Smith.
E Barry, A Sraith. J Sullivan, D T & W W Trimbly, C H Mcintosh,
D J Adaras, G Hawley, J Dillon, Jn Clark. Wm Johnson. J G Carpenter,
W H Chandler. D T Giffith. T Burns. C CoUins. Julius Smith. S W Hast
ings. E Tuttie, H S Chapraan, G Copeland. Mr Ford. J Lampier, P R V/
Prime, J Sullivan. S Wallis. S P Carmichael, O Santil. J G Dow, M M
BurtiU, T H Jefferson. D Hubbell. W Wood, Isaac Foote, P Rector,
Thos Dix, L B Rayraond. A Whitney, B P Hutchinson. Jn Harris, E G
Waite, S Chute, S A Hartness, J Pope. D Hay. A Campbell. W Case,
J H Williaras, J Haggart. T T Rice. Abra WUey. R G BurrUl. N Comer,
Mr Pendleton, J McCall, L J Studley. W H Holden, J Scott. G Hulem.
M Thompson, R R Starr, J M Richardson, W W Upham. R Quick.
W WUson. Jas Beel, Dr Payne, L Westfall. C H WestfaU. Mr Austin,
M H Lincoln, Edgar Smith, R'Walker, Wra Russ, T B Taylor, J Bart
lett, G R Barbour, J W Goster, M D Mapes, C Weber, L Proper, W S
Gibson, S T Walker, B BiUings, J Wells, H S Wolverton, J C McGovern,
F W CoUins, H S Putney, M B Clark. W LKerap, H E Tooker, J Swift,
P A Whitmore, S Jones. F Ballard, J Merrihew. E L Winslow, B W
Clark. J C Lawrence, A Cornish. H Taylor, S Davis, J T MulhoUand.
F B Hitchcock. W H Allen. A W Geer, C J Watkins, C Adaras, W Hodg
kins, N G Field. J Bass, W M Shearer, W Colburn, P Shaw. M Cran-
nils, G Geer, B Ishain, F E Westbrook, M CaUahan, T Irvine, A Hara
raond, E C Joslin, J Allen, C P Huntington, E R Sabine, L Charaber
lain, G M Murray. C Carpenter, D Parkhurst, S Dunnells, C FuUer,
S Shufelt, J Miller, J Cornell, H R Robins, S L Hays. F Allerton.
C Chapman, W Ramsdell, A Cook, W Sutherland, L Alden, C BlutseU.
F Noble, H Taylor, C Vanderburg, J R Morrell. F S Boyd, W R Sutton,

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 423
T N Wilcox, W B White, H Tidman, S Swart, R B Archer, J F Randall,
T Kinna, J Gridley jr, W H Thomas, Ira Hotchkiss, J MoUony, J Luf-
kin, S McClun, W H Shepperd, G & A Hale, C H Worden, J Hanford,
L C Drummond, M Barkalou, C W Latonville, D Mack, T Andrews.
D H^Ferguson, R Patrick, H Ashley, J E Stearns, R Jones, W Trout.
W Trout jr, B Jones, J Fizin, J W Jordan, W Barner, M Spoor, F L
Foot, H A Barnes, C W Paul, J R Lanfair, H R Blair, D W Cud, J Malby.
S Gaze, J Colby, W H Bennett & son, L Ciross, B Hunt, J Sirason.
N Coffrey, J S Beckwith, J S Hopper, S Flinn, R Rees, M D Fairchild,
W H McKinster, J Runyon, D A Runyon, A Hosmer, M Culver.
D Fairchild. M S Norton, S Thornton, E C Spooner, T A Skinner.
A E Hutchinson, J Kittredge, O Crocker, W Metcalf. J P Gruley.
C De Gram, W Berchara, W E Lewis, H Miron. A Broman. A
Mattier, L M Mattier, H C Gardner, W K Morris, Jno Galvin, J Boyle.
GHT Cole, T F Hiscox, J Bullock, D Hammond, C R Sanders. H M
Robinson, S W Preble, J A Throckraorton, S Patton, L B Gilhey. W E
Lewis. Passengers by bark Linda, sailed March 24th :
H Prendegast, A P Kennan, Jas W and J L Wight, Alex Strong, L
Cunningham, H C Alcock, H T KeUy, C B Lupton, G C Coleman, H M
Smith, Wm Sharp, Fdk Roux, B Corse, W L Courses, G P Labatut, N
Fiot, Hermn Dessoir, K G EUeau, Wm Tate, W R Sharp, J Q Moore, E
F Boyce, A Picolet, Dan Braly, H J WiUiams, J L Roof, T E Huber, C
S Cavenagh, C Dibbs, F Jones, J R Morris, W L Ryckraan, C Stagg, T
T Tompkins, Justin Gates, jr, J W Remington, Mark Bruraager. Dr
Rice, Geo Grant, Josha Reed, Wm L Dibbs, C H Christiansen.
Merabers of a raiaing corapaay frora New York, February loth,
overlaad :
Dr Jn Conger, J W Thompson, H G Langley, Woolsy Teller, Dd
Hoyt. W B Grant, Hy Vandeveer, J S West, Wm Fawcett, E F Lasak, J
Brinckerhoff, A S MiUer, W T Coleman, JJ Lott, T Parsons, C. H Van
Wyck, C B Tappen, H S Cohn, G F Sniffen, F A Hoyt, G K Pattison,
B L Noe, J H McDonald, C W Ehrenstroera, J G BiUing, Wm Wear, Ed
Norton, E E Miles, Tilly Alien, F W Gorsegner, J G Garelly, J F Ran
dolph, G H Andrews, C S Schenck.
Passengers in the Bark Rising Sua, April 2d:
Capt Hooper, J Bouton, Hy Ganahl, J Sterrett B.irr, W W Valk.
M D Flushing, E W Valk, J F Lohse, H P Osborn, C G Noble, J R
Ketchum, J T G Heath, Dan Bouton, Joel Hoyt, Sol Scott, Ed Pierce,
S Streeter, C E Bush. Andw Morrison, Chas Warner, J G Farrer, Wm
OdeU, Jn Dessar, E B Crocker, H N Rogers, C W H Sraith. G W

424 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Fisher, G G Arnold, J L Bayner, E H Perry, S M Baldwin. H A
Bush, A A Finney, F A Sampson, P Brinkerhoff, E R Coit, K Gara-
brant, W Rundle, J G Lum, W E Hughson, Rd HoUett, Bench Wat
son, Joe Glosson, J A Van Houten, Jas O'Neal, Josiah Davis, S B
Clark, N Mathie, Chas Thompson, J McKenzie, T W Lathara, F A
Thompson, A D W Sampson, C C GUI, H S Fuller. T Fuller, Jas
Keely, J P Taylor, W H Haynes, I & N Brant, W B Durant, Br Sraith,
Wm Drayton, W C Sraith, J A Lawrence, Wm Ashley, J P Schantz, M
F Barber, W C Taylor, R M French, C F Gunsi, Pat Caragan, Hy Claw
son, S T Smith, R N Loveland, R Viall, Francis White, J P Latham, C
H Morse.
Passengers of -Bark Plyraouth frora New York, March 29th:
S J Clarke, jr, B Kimberly, Elisha Smith, Jn Francis, E W Cott, W J
Watson, T J Goodhall, V D Cornish, R Wilson, B F Moulton. G Mc-
Gage, W A Kiraberly, Wra Wells, J Prior, G W HoUister, Gilbt Skin
ner, Chas Underwood, D G Berry, J H Thomas, S W Carpenter, W B
Nash, J O Cowles, G D French, Chas Baldwin, C DiUiber, Marcus Up
son, A Dean, W H Johnson, J C Smith, E B Richard, C S Waters, H C
Waters, Luke 'Watson, C E Osborn, R E Langdon, B C Jackson,
Chas & Eras Clark, Chas Tibbats. H S Graves, J C Orcutt. J B
Blakeslee, E S Ruggles, D B Curtis, G B Curtis, F W Bird, Geo Wat
son, S M Potter, A B Graves, A Valez, J B Cranchild.
Passeagers by Steamer Northerner, Feb. 2d :
Ed & Judson Platt. Fdk Hamlin, R Brown, C Talcott, Wra Barnes.
S Broadhead, G S McQuigg, Geo Snell, G W Lamb. W Bottomley, J Q
Adams, G E Chapin, Saml Stone, R B Folger, O B Jennings, J K Glen.
C E Gorham, S O Downes, GTS Curtis, J S Clarke, S Mayo jr, S T
Field, G B Upham, C A Upham, R H Davis, J B Pratt, C W Hayden,
C J Abidge, Lieut Whipple, Smi Benton, Geo Werner, S T Williams. H
Edwards, E Moneni, W H Crouise. J Clark. W A Jackson. J Nooney jr.
Major Emery, Dr Maguire & wife, P A Brinsraade, M Calkin, P H Cowen,
C S Egenbroot, T Vandervoort, C C Richmond, Jn Johnson, T H
Davis, R Trussell, D O MiUs, H R DeWitt, R J Stevens, S W HoUady,
H C Smith, B Sheldon, B W Mudge. P Kariey, P Craghan, Capt
Marecha, J W Smith, J B Gates, L Whitney, I J Landerer, S P Frost,
T O Smith, Thos Lyle, B F Hoxie, A Cleaveland, G Wcisler, J Weisler,
C C RandaU, R D Allen, J P Hotchkiss, Calvin Park, John Sharp, Wm
Danforth, S E BeU, F S Wensinger, W Evans, Geo Van, Dd VanCott,
Jn Pulver, Dan Cronin, Wm Budd, W T Pinney, G R Dune, Jas Whar-
tenby, Mr Mcllvaine, J F Boynton, Mdn Torrey, J M Savage, Gilbert
Murdock. W D Miller. B Fenner, Cornels Schermerhorn, Frcs Stratton,
Wm McLendon, H Forsyth, G H Devoe, Z Wheeler, G W Foster, H

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 425
Thompson, Jas Kinney. H Malchett, Thos Crane, W D Blanchard, J G
BeU, H D Fry, W M White, G A Hudson. D Okeson, C Borcheriing jr.
A C VoUotin, J J Ackersen, Jn Allen, J Kerfoot, J Knecht, G M Bond,
H Chelson, W B Beesow, H Lambert, F F Low, E G HaU, J M Smith.
Leander Smith, B D Burt, Jerome Keyes, N G Daniels. A Hiscox, S
Westerfield, J H Keyes, Hbd Hunt, R Atherton, N Holland, Jn Smith,
Alez Fraser, J Rankin, R Warren, J H Libby, D M R Tewksbury, J B
Porier, B S Phelps, M Thorapson, S BirdsaU, W W Peck, D C Powers,
T C Ledyard, M Cassidy, J Sargeant.
Passengers of Schooner Gea. Morgan, Feb. 22d :
E R Hanks. Capt Falkenburgh, H KeUogg, D Sage, W H Crowell.
A Dyman, G L Pease, Dr. A KeUogg. J Burr, W H Cary. Mr Tracy.
G W Hayden, E Crowell, T S Parker, J Francis, Mr Robbins, W H
Eakins, M Stannard, H Davis, I Stanley, W Cobin, S W Bishop, E L
Pond, W Rogers, S Rogers.
Passengers of Ship J G Costar from NewYork, Feb. 21st:
Wm Floyd, R R Nelson, H H Nelson, Abra Vanderpool, A A Aikin,
Wm Bush, J Talmage, Dr B B Coit, G D Sharp, Hy Wright, L A Thorn,
J Flintoff, C W Tucker, Thos Carpenter, T Hidelir, Jhn Carr, P Mc-
Kinna, W W Savage, W Kelly, G P Down, W J Kelly, Hy Drufe, G
H Estyle, Mark Corby, B Cohen, John Otten, Hy Thompson,
C Domiticus, P P Manville, P B Beebe, Jn Standish, J F Valentine, D
Ranchenburgh, I Wahn, C Kahn, Frank Snell, Dan Mott, T Brand, J
Connor, Rbt Evans, Jas Frazer, J B McAdam, H J Davis, Ed Osgood, R
WTone, S B Hart, J Gaffney, B Hart, E D Judah, Hy Robinson, Harris
Goldner, W A Booker, C F Steele, Andw JeUy, J R Hutchinson, G Rent,
J C Johnson, J V Mulvany, Abner Barton, J Whelan, Dan Jones, J
Castelli, Lyman Nutting, M R Shannon, E Gaylord, DCS Johnson, J
R Wightman, C C Tefft, Dan Marble, G WiUiams, Ed Blake, R Hughes,
N H Bates, H C Henry, T J Newland, S A Rendall, S T Harris, F Doo
little, G A Clarke, J O Wilkinson, A B Rogers, W Blake, C Rose, N
Wrix, G C Fisher, M S Thraesher, R W Lacy, J M GiUeland, Jas Myres.
J H Pendleton.
Passeagers by Bark Vernon from New York, March 2d :
Mrs John McKay & Son, J M Blackburn, Wm Bessy, G C Robinson,
A S Church, Alex McKim.
Passengers Schooner Peerless frora New York, March 3d :
E L Curtiss, H H Buchannan, C F Vantwerp, OCT Stokes, N R
Blany, Jn Chapman, P Doliber, J W Glover, Benj Wormstead, R S
Snow, A Cragin, Wm Thorner, Russel Heath, N J Shepardson, E K

426 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Baxter, L B Brooks, E T Brooks, J B Christy, Wm Hobbs, S N Nichols,
Jas Cristy, W D Ross, Levi, Parsons, L D Guesday & wife, J M Cough
lin, P B Araery, J A Breges, S H Rowan.
Passengers of Brig Isabella Reed from New York, Feb. 23d :
C T Hopkins, Geo Pfotzer, S W Newhall. Sl Harrison. Jas Hilley,
Theo Magary, Ira Markwith, Jos Solano, Jn Leary, H Ganz, W J Pol
lock, J H Woodbury, J N Meeker. S Arbuthnot. I L Van Orden, T
McCutcheon, H H Watson, J V Mount, M Whipple, J W Scott, C
Else, C H Innis, W H Warren, Dd Lewis. F C Whitehead, Chas
Ketchura. T H Fowler, S Ross, J G Beaudriean, H W Nelson, Hy Baker.
D F Lesher. H Winchester, P.A ilartel, L McGuire, W J Dunn. N Em
raons, Dr Trotter, A'Hibbard, G Scarlett, J Dennis, M McKay, F Truere,
Nathan Lansberger, Andrew Laraery, Wra Scott.
Passengers of Ship Sarah and Eliza from NewYork, Feb. 14: ,
FC Russell, J C Hackett, Wm Nible, E F Post. S W Moore. E Floyd
& Robt Jones. D Y Jones, F A Gifford, & wife, J S Hutchinson, T B At
kinson'. Wm Jenkins, J D Golding, Chas Vail, J D Blakely. Geo Talbot,
Wra Bishop. Hy Webb, Wm Travis. B T Hanford. Dr J E Morris,
A Chichester, I Hoose, L F Harris, M W Personett, Sigmond Simon,
J Bishop, H C Brown, H Y Luddington. Chas & J C Luddington, Chas
Lockwood, G W Udell, Mr Ellis, Rd Finney, Mr Hicks, T P Clonk.
Perry Miner, P Saxton.
Passengers of Brig Sarah from New York, February 14th:
— Colburn — Halton, B B Bliven. M G Pfeston,"B Egleston, L Lawyer.
— McCowan, E Miller, R R Kinney, A G L Torapkins, Mr Johnson, T S
Manley, W B Brown, P Hunt, S M Miller, G HoweU, Toner & Chase,
T A WUson and Son, Mr Chase, V Rendry, J H Gibson, T H Smith,
A G Grant, C Glassford, Capt Johnson. S Sraith Russell. O F Sexton,
J J Underhill, J W Myrick, W F Capron, J Gallup, L Bashford, C A
Young, J McKinney, A Taylor, Wra Cubit, F Springstead. S M Gilles
pie, J French, J Coles, G Blair, P Struter, C Nichols. T Brown, J A
Wright, L B Vanderburg, A Garin, L Gannett, R Johnson, A R Davis,
A Aurand, Mr Hunt.
Passengers of Schooner John A. Sutter from New York, May 6th:
Capt Eddy, J JoUs E P Phinney, J M Page, C A Andrews. Ed Wil
liams, H T Goff, J E Bowen, E O Child, J C Child, Jos Gardner, B G
Kelly, Isaac Lindsey, T K Phinney, S F RandaU, PhUip Randall. J H
Gladding, Jos Munroe, J T Adams, A H Charaplin, T F Potter, A M
Johnson, B M Simmons, A L Shaw, A Pitts. Jere Goff.
Passengers of Schooner Splendid from New York, May loth:
C C Dougherty, W S Marsh, R Norwood, J W Marsh, J Strong,

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 427
J Bennett, M Gibbs, Wm Norwood jr, Ely Peck, E Hart, D T Newton.
G H Sadenger. J Shoeniaker, J Enslow, S F Torrey, T S Kenton, J E
Marsh, H Benedict, Mr York, E and J Gridley, W B Smetzer, Silas
Storer, H Acorn, C S Chadwick,
Passengers of Schooner James L. Day from NewYork, March 3d:
J Van Pelt, J S Nash, T W Badger, Hesk Hinsdale, Lucius Lincoln,
Eneas Morgan, Rbt Keller, Cornelius Vanderbilt, West Banta, Dan
Salters, J W Carter, Jas FaUen, C W Sitan, L Berd, J S Anderson, Thos
Hazard, G W Ledyard, Hy Robinson, Wm Bailey, Wm Clark, Felix
Byrne, Dan Secor, H Lester. J H Nash. Wra Hedge.
Passengers of ship Loo Choo from New York, May 8th :
B F Whitraan, E Bacon, E Simraons, J G Bunker, F M Mason, Jn
Tothill, Wm Desendorf, A T Story, A Bell, M S Rickerson, Jas Pierson,
R V Groat, A H Titcorab, Jas Field, W T Birdsall, C H Birdsall, C H
Henkalman, Jn Perry, Mr Fish, Mr Hubbard, H Hutchinson, A Farman,
Rubn Wick, D O Martin, G Siperling, W H Lum, Rbt Deiding, E T
Hosmer, D T Blackwood, T E Jefferies, Thos Roland, R T Briggs, R
Van Wirt, Jas Stacey, A A Selover, J T Cruikshanks, C H Haines, M
Somers, T A BeU, Wra McTaraney, Thos Suraraers, R M Field, Jas
Field, Wm Wadsworth, Geo Whyler, N H Johnson, F A Caravin, A
Blooraingdale, Levi Goodrich, C Coyl, J G Spaulding, J A White, J G
Thurber, D K Chaffee, Thos Harris, Wm Pole, R Burdict, S M Higgins,
G W Chandler, Abrm Baker, J P Curtis, Jas Tompkins, G W Tompkins.
J B GUman, C R Horton, S V R HiU, E W Cary, F McMartin, J Tracy,
A Wheeler, P C Warner, T Mahon, H Cornish, E Briggs, P L Clar, Wm
House, F Knickerbocker, Horace Winchell, E F Jaque, R J Burnes,
Morgan Bates, J H Robertson, R S Robertson & Son, Geo Clayton, J F
Worth, Lewis Wells, C Stevens, Rbt Coleman, H C Green, W A Wid-
man, Wm Mitchell, J Sraith, R Patchem, A Wood, G W Swayne, J O
WiUiams, J Moore, Jn Carroll, H C Day, J M Ainslie, Jn Pfoor, Andw
Himmelmann, Jn Moran, A C Armstrong, Dr W J Radcliffe, C A John
son, A M Nash, A Ya-tes, Jas Gordon, J A Conklin, Jn Randall, S Van
Nest, Geo Archer, E R Wright, Wra Ross, B F Whitman, R G Berford,
J E Braxton, H A Bicknell, A Fallon, G Dolan, Chas Abel, Peter Tower,
C S Wood, Rbt Graham, W H Strong, G V Pope, Jn O Hern, Wm
Hagany, Dd Ely, F Mathren, M Jergot, Wm Jones, G Portlock, Capt R
Wagstaff, Ed Dessendorff, Jn McMartin .
Passengers of bark Palraetto from New York, March 8th :
Wm G Wood, T McSpedon-, W B Maxon, W H Brown, Jn Dent.
Jacob Deilh, W H Bogert, A B Hatfield, Langdon Wilson, F VLee.Wm
Mughr, Alex Bryan, W A Meed, Wra Sirapson, W M Burkhead, H L

428 K THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
King, J M Wood, Jn Callaghan, J Suyday, Ebenzr Wood, J P Bell, W M
Everett, J M Schenck, E Q Pugsley, E T Pugsley, W McClelland, Jn
McCracken, A O Day, G Feld, W Weatherby, Peter Fitzgerald, Dennis
O'Meara, G R UnderhUl, A B Brower, Jn B Wainwright, C A Rogers.
C B Germond, C M CorneU, J D Moyes, M D Pettibone, Chas Perry, Dr
L Hubbard. Passengers in brig Leveret, sailed March 26th :
J H Pratt, R H Way, Levi Merriam, B C Eastraan, R H Paddock,
R S Gladwin, T O Gladwin, Lucius Smith, I H Sraith, Sylvester Wil
liaras, Joel Stevens, W F Robbins, Wra CoveU, Van Rsln Raymond,
Lelah Lewis, J S Augur, B T Jones. J W Whitney, N D Goodell, S Lam-
butin, E D Alera, E Sherman. H H Shuraway, S C Smith, N Berton, B
Cunningham, J Greenworth, C H Shuraway, S S Warner, A B Wheeler,
J W Moody, S B Kinton, Urih Davis, J H Banta, S Gubrus, Wra Ripley,
M H Poole, Frank Poole, Cyrus Poole, P J Bigelow, I W Heard, E J
Davis, Mr Culver, L F Chubbuck, Austin Wing, Hy Wilson, Jn Hunt, L
D Lewis, Albt Grant, D D Davis, Jas M Mandeville, Wra Johnson, J L
Hamilton, J W Hewson, G M Chambers, A J Worth, D P Worth, C E
Case, Mr HubbeU, J C Dicks, Theo Clarkson.
Passengers of Stearaer Falcon from NewYork, March 8th:
R T England, P Smith, E M Perry, J G Miller, C M.Gray, Wm Slipkins,
Mrs Newcomb and children. Major McKinstree, Parker Burrill, Dr S
Fletcher, W H Sutton, Wra Sraith, Wra McMurphy, B M Folsom, G W
Plumraer, Dr Eastraan, W W Wallis, S C Childs, Chas Clark. Amos
Crockett, Thos Colson, J Ulmer, Andw Staples, Saral Blaisdell, T
T Tate, G Hall, W P Harrington, jr, Dani Crudden. Dns Mahony, E
Brooks, D K Luther, Jos Coorabs, E W McKinstree, C B Hazeltine,
Rbn Steward. R D Metcalf, Jno Fuller, E Prescott, W Rowell, G H
Davis, D L Hewlett, Jn EUis, Albt Wilson, H M Sraith, J Swartwout.
C A Boorst, W H Richardson, W E Singer, T B Overton, H C Overton.
C Bowen, Hu Mcllvaine, G Mcllvaine, Alex Q Liscomb, W H Smith.
J C C Gilsey, H G Walworth, M C Mery, J M Albright, C D Benjamin.
H Lasher, B S ChurchiU, R Bailey, Ed Greenwood, S M Judson, J K
White, Sl Emery, S W Langton, p' Milburn, J S Trook, S H Shyrock.
Jn Taylor, G F Gifford, Wra Miller, EHaight. Jas Gourley, A S Haskin.
Wesley and Dani Newcorab, Jacob Stone, J E Fuller, — Piercy, Tur
ney Gregory, J M Smith, Cramer, Taylor, Knight, Tucker, Torrance.
Clow, Eddy, Bristol, Comstock, Herraan Pease, Jas Crippin, Dan Price,
Ed Lewis, A N Vanaltine, D Benjarain, Alva HamUton.
Passengers of bark Jesurun from New York, February 27th:
A H Champlain, F A Knapp, Jas Gibbs, I A Moran, Rev Lewis Man-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 429
ning. R V Depyster, Jn Sloan, J E Morris, J Colvin, I McBride, Rbt
Lewis, Jas Hogan, Jn Kaler, C D Aikin, HI N Speight, J S Deen, Jas
Mixters, C B Durand, Jas Seimon, Alex Reiley, J H Furken, J F Bar
stow, J A Rosenfield, G F Lord, Horace Deen, A S Peterson, David
Myres, H B Perry, J L Wells, J Smith, J F Kling, Chas Wilkinson,
Loren Burke, Lafayte Stivers. C E Morris, Wra Joyce, Abram Brower,
W H Vas Siclon, Egbert Wittrie, H Voris, Stiles Judson, J T Suydam,
Egbert Carey, Francis Reid, J W Clark, W Higgins. G W Mahan, J W
Bucklin, H C Gale, Mortmor and Alonzo Jaques, Chas Case, Birdsl
Cornell, Jas Wetraore, Chas Ellison, Melancthn Palmer.
Passengers of bark Courier frora New York, March 4th:
Dr Simonson, Dr H D and E U Appleton, A H Pride, Lorin Drum
mond, Jereh Howard. Hy MiUs, E M Vincent, Mr Bowman, R A Pardee.
Chas Lohse, Wm Watson, Chas Myers, J Kreig, F Seibert, H Nocht-
ingal, E Ashman, A N Courtney, C Wagner. Adrw Bornier, J Davis, C F
Fisher, T G Brown. C Magin, M Ledringer, Thos Wrighton, Mrs
Wrighton, Mrs J tuermain. Miss Germain, G Lippe, O Robinson, C W
Ryan, Levi Jones, A S Chase, P Renantic, Mr BoUe, W A Ford, S Mit
chell, J C Clayton, D F McNeal, Geo Williams, Mrs Gentlivre, E H
Yates. J Barrs, H Gentlivre, J Gentlivre, Wra Morton, Francis Watts,
Wm Cooley, V P Hazard, P C Pinkham, Rbt Watson, H D Thorapson,
R C Wilson, Jos King, Peter Barritt, Wm Haramond. Jas Morris,
J Kromberger, W B Gardiner.
Ship Tahraawo, sailed from New York, Jan. 27th:
W H Talmage. C H Stoutenborough, L A Kline, J W H Kline, A W
Snyder, J W Brown, J G B White, Corns Lydecker, G Corsen, J Green.
Van W Walsh, H Atwood, J E Libby, Wm Hatfield, Geo Buttler, John
Briscoe, Henry Simon, J H Tuttie, J E Porter, A C True. E W True.
W L Dixon, J H Magruder, A J Duvall, N Van Valkenburgh, E Van
Valkenburgh, Thos Davis, H M Van Benschoten, J W Stout, Wm Cruser.
J S Van Dyke, D S Smith, Walter P and Webster Thorapson, S M HaU,
P McKay, S P Johnson, D A Johnson. H R Hawkins, H Holmes, J H
Atwater, Jas Maccalryn, G Snook, Wra Snook, E Deals, Thos Rose, D
Molnaur, 'VKmi G Newsen, O J Davis, Chas Fernald, D A Pray, G C
Ludington, MUler Annin, J H Budam, Wm H Aleln, D Rowley, R C
Downes, G G Tyron, M Vanderburgh, E Hawley, B F HaU, M. HaU, J
D Bishop, T Dennis, Chas Basset, H Lake, H L Downes, T Pray, E J
Lewis, E A Phelps, Wra Mitchell, jr. C Hurd, jr. D S Hunt. J M Foote.
F P McMahon and family, S F Eccles, Ben Star, A J Phelps, F Fiske.
G R Welbridge, S Elders, J Cruikshank, J Brinck, S M Malcolmson, T
L Harris, Fdk Webb, T Rafferty, J Lascombe, Wm Devoe, J A Paxton.
E L Woolsey, E G Smith, W W Armfield, E A Hebard. B F Yates, G

430 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
E Sherwood, Nat Purdy, N Lester, A Ranous. R Leslie, J A Love, P
Campbell, J Perrott, S Starking, W J Terver, A Kissam, W W Cleave
land, Rd Rankin, J C Smith, CE Weed, Jas Lester, A Christian and
wife, S L Smith J J Johnson, M L Ring, Wm Quinn. A Garnin and
wife, Rd Smith, Jas Russiter, Jas Kain, Henry Wannaker, H T Andrews,
Rusl Smith, Dan Watson, Everet Weisraan, John Anthos. P Haack, C
Smith, A Kilring, W W Trust, D Bowley, J C Faulder. Wra Staring.
Henry Fink, R Robertson, B Culver. D S Witherby. L Schoting, T An
derson, G A Curtis, C L King, F Krager, J F Stewart, J L Cassady. Thos
Connell, S H Day, EED Stevens, D Higby, Jn Winterton, Geo Hutch
inson, John Nesbit, Adara Hagg. Nicholas Hubbell, Geo HubbeU. W P
Lander, M Lefever. .
Passengers of Bark Bogota frora New York, Feb. 22d :
A M & L M Starr, L F Newraan, A J Berry, J B Lewis, H W Havens,
E F Huntington, J F Morse, M L Hines, J H Von Schmidt, G L Starr.
J H Brarahall, P Vosburg, S H Cook, G Ferriss, Wra Shears, W L Com
plin, W J Sloan, C UnderhiU, F Holcomb, A H SideU, T Holraan, Geo
Bement, H P Adams, J M Frees, S P Mulford, P Burns, W Gaston.
Abrm Ways, Jno Noyes, Jno Churchill, Edgr Phillips, Alfred Church
ill, Wm Amhurst, Dr W Baxter, R Tanner & Brother, W L Barnes,
Geo Bloodgood, B Graham.
Passeagers of Brig Abrasia from New York, Feb. 2 2d :
G W Barthemen, Jared Goodrich, Isaac Pierce, A J Norton, Winston
WeUington, E G Atkins, G W Drasser, G L Halsey, A G Dodge, E D
Tucker, John Fenton, Jas Appleton, S Appleton, G S & Jn Appleton,
A W Frick, Aifd Aidrich, H D Hall, Dr J H & H A Charles, P D
Woodruff, W R Smith, A A Durfee, Mr Purdy, H Hart, N G Porter,
Evarts Granger, G W Halsted, Walter Halsted, Isaac Kr Harens, G S
G S Marks, Mr Reynolds.
Passengers of Brig Brothers from New York, Feb. 22d :
E R Myers, D Cozzens, W J Thompson, R A Thorp, P A Hedley,
Dr John L Milledolar, T B Patton, Mr Rutger, N Van Brunk. T
Mooly jr, W C Arman, J H Hubbard, Norman Smith, W H Lyman, J
P Steele, C NaumoaUer, J Jackraays, Jas I King, E S Pigott, G L Davie.
J G KeUey, Geo Westell, M Magee, J Keepse, G Strang.
Passengers of Nautilus frora New York, Feb. 22d :
A Clark, T J Wallace, J McCammon, Stepn Clark, W T Skinner, E
F Cady, A P Wilbur, E A Cornwall, S W Hardy, T Fox, C Styles, J D
MitcheU, A C Streeter, J S Holton, S C Birdsall, A H Disabell, S C

THE ARGONA tiTS OF CALIFORNIA. 431
Peck. E S Cheney, C H Walcott, W H Courtwright, J Finnegan, W
Hosford, J Sanford, C C Walter, J Cole, R Staley, I Wallace, H Rupers-
burger, B W Samraons, E N Bennett, R Packard, J Van Boskirk, J H
Stevens, M A MarceUus, H P Holmes, N J Van Vankren, G Vibbare,
E Pacey, W M Carlow, J G Wellington, P V Lewis, A Abbatt, A W
McNaughton, C R Bromley, S S Sweet, J Castleton, C Van Loan, W C
Winne, E Gregory, S D N Bennet, L Gray, M Van Booskirk, H H Bar
ton, D E Jones, J S Lyons J L Pangburn, C Reagles, J Cooney, S T
Rosecrans, J S Gorham, W S Butler, J Noonen, E Westinghouse, E S
Barney, L Drake, S Wells. C Van Rensselaer, Mr MUls. Dr Clark. J W
Hastings. Passengers by Schooner W B Travis from New York, Feb. 13th :
J S Lake, Miss E G WUson, Hy Gridle, G W Gray, G H Nash, C
Backstet jr, J M Osborn, A W M Bevins, N H Bassaid, W T Anderson.
J CarroU, A Huyler, H Wood, G Ackley, T R & H Reeves, W H Larkin,
J K NeweU, J Harper. W H Smith, W C GUbert, J Hitchcock jr. J H
Downing, B H Howell. W S Frost, J F Nash, J Wallin, J J Boyd, U
Revels, P & A S Riker, J Miner, J H Hinckley, W E Bohm, J Everett,
A Turner, C Clements. H M Higgin, C R Davidson, G L Lincoln, A S
Taylor, G Kensett, J L Bennett, D Burkhalter, A G Soule, J M Fosse,
J A Hall, C F Caufield. W Enles, H H Clark, W L Sumner, J R Platt.
Bark Bonae Adele, sailed from New York, Feb. 2d :
Mrs M L Coe, L Fries, F Froelicher, M Beck, W Herring, Jos Dou-
court, Thos Woods, W McMahon, B Rutledge, M O Gara, D McGone-
gal, S Dudgeon, W Willis, O Toole & Son. W E Copeland, T Schinel-
lenberg, J Garejton, H A Jones, C Robadee, H A Schoville, J T
Crandall, Ozzin Laflin, G Brect, H D Harcourt, P W Roff, S Island, E
Demarest, C A Laughran, S Sanders, R J Johnson, E Flynn, Jos
Walker, F Gerraan, H Maurer, H Rogers, L Remais, Mrs Sinickson.
C McCoun, E D Ferris, Egan Griffin, R Griffin, J Chavenne, L Corson,
Saml Collins, John DaUey, Jos Waugh, H H Patton, R B Whiting,
Levi Hawley, Lewis Barnes. H Peysenecker, A* Jacobs, G EUard, J
Woodford, T McCorraack & Bro, J Reseque, G SUenze, Ed Sherlock, P
McAdam, H Boyer, A Requere, J W Cassidy, A Beck, J Van Pragg, C
H Grant, Jos Taffe, M Sanger, C F Weagener, Lewis Predeger.
Passeagers of Brig Columbia from New York, Feb. 2d :
Wra Harris, Rd Carrique, R Carrique jr, G W Pitcher, J B Stone, N
W Lee, J B Huraphries, John Randall. H B Hodges. H N Perry, G W
Perry, J A Perry, T W Lefavour, Natl Dexter, Sl Saunders, A K HiU.
Wra Rawson. Enos Joseph, Eben Hamilton, Wm Wrigley, M M Draper,

432 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Phil Brady, J W TiUinghast, Jas Ashley, Galen Pearce, Jos Round-
ville, P Lawrence, W H AUen. A N Humphries, Chas Danforth, W
A Franklin.
Passengers by Brig Mary frora New York, Feb. 21st:
Capt J K Hayes, G Gordon wife and child, J W StiUman, W C Lea
venworth, A T Baquer, M H Jolly, Dr J F Evans, G W Reid, J L Martin,
W H Thompson, Edwin Tyler, C T Blake, R S Baldwin, H C Logan,
Wra WaUace, Wm Egner, T A Monkhouse, Hi Dennis, S Jervis, D P
Jervis, Geo Soule, J D Mc Ewan, Barnett McKeige, W C Doors jr, J J
A Bruce, C J Hawkins, Geo Ameridge, Chas Steadraan, D Hunt, J H
Reilly, J W Priestly, P Meyer, A K Sauraan, E T Keyser, L M Freas,
C M King, W L Young, A F Crittenden, R M Jarden, M S Hawkins.
W A Manpay. S L Prindle, J J Allen, C P Dudley, W L Dudley. G Um-
berfield, W J Powell, A Wilcox, G B Hitchcox, C B Porter, W Young.
Jos Britton, Thos Fielding, Hy Duncan, Alfred Welch, D L Priestly.
J W Brown, H P Doolittle, W G Doolittle, Rd Gorraon, D W Harden-
burg, W F Dennison, W N^Powers, G F Perry, A N Stratton, John Dale,
G W Rogers, Pat O'Byre, H E Greene, C L Drury, Dr J C Donneghe,
C A Potter, F E Potter, Bd Fowler, Levi Gilbert, D B Schofield, C L
Taylor, J N Cardoza. H H Philips, Berds Haight, E Dudgeon, J L
Martin, C F Snyder, L Copperthwaite, Dr J V Newraan, C B Pellett,
P M Van Riper, G M Gibson, Ezra Dorr, F P Smith, H H HaU, J S
Harrison, Geo Beecher, J Doughton, G W StiUwell, J Stewart, W C
Stebbins, Wra Sherraan, Wra Bownson, Aug Fisher, Frank Bitting,
D Turnbull, Chas Deene, A W Halse, J M Sterret, Geo Adams, J Smithey,
J E Priesh, S S Wood, Dr Tocker, D Seyraour, Elisha Nichols, W H
Farnhara, C H Hayes.
Steamer Hartford from New York, Feb. 20th : ^
Rev W May, Dr J King. P T Phelps, H W Wright, J Wallace. S M
Benton. Mr Nodine, Mr Yerks, T A Birge, P Carrigan, C RandaU, J H
Gayen, Wra Potter. C F Russell. Jos Weed, H Carap, E S B Briggs, M
Carrigan, J Flinn, A B Hudson, Jaraes Huntington, A A Nicholson, M
McFarland, E Bradford, R Malony, Dr Cleaveland, E Hough, J D Skin
ner, C Jones, E Murther, Benj Dart, F Corning, Geo Pliss, J B Chap
man, Justn Hodge, Sara Kipp, Thos Andrews, W A Roberts. J B Low, J
G Wolvin, H Kraft, — Taylor, C H Morgan, Capt Corsen, Wra Dobson,
W J Holkins, Elias Snow, Wra Rogers, Tim BiUings, L Van Orden, J
Kelly, jr, J Hebrem, Mr Winters.
Passengers of schooner Mary W. from New York, Feb. 15th :
Benj Myers, J Buckelen, W H Soloman, Capt Baker, A J HoutaUing,
G F Randolph, J Davis, L Horaan, C H Wright, J B Cunningham, I J

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 433
Stout, E P Hart, T G Palmer, T McRlach, P B Thomas, N A Phelps, jr,
J S Seymour, J W Thorp, E F Randolph, J H Arnold, J M Young, C W
Smith, G E Strong, J G Briggs, J D Baker, G C Swinson, C G Hendrick,
Wm Houghton, G W Coe, Jos Cathcart,
Steamer Falcon from New York, Feb. ist:
P Hamersley, G L Jones, J Blair, M May, W H Fontleroy, J Cowell,
H Billings, Capt Keyes, T Hutchinson, Capt Sinmions and lady, D S
Ward, C J Mersch, Wra Siras, — Siverts, J Hepburn, Wm Hepburn, J
W Gerry and lady, C Valentine, — Dickerson, L M Goldsborough, G S
Van Bourt, S F Blunt, S R Knox, G A Beck, C A Gurljey, J J and G L
Cooke, R L Baker, P L Miner, B Stewart, H P Sibley, Dr Turner, J L
Smith, L Renton, J R Fitch, J Silva, A J Austen, A Laurence, J A
Smith, T F Gould, L Lislie, Mr Dale, M True, J B Biddleraan, J Cor
yell, Master Hunt, Siramons, Maurow, Morse, Johnson, Monell, Moore,
E Blair, F ShejJard, J S Williams, Williaras, Cully, Moses, A S Hobbs,
J Moses, Lent. W L Smith, Mr Lockwood, R D Hart, Mr True, W
O Chapman. F Wright, Mr Mathiot, D Elliott. E Ely, Oakley, S Lea,
Whiting, S Henry, Stair, Hadson, Rice, Clark. Block, S G WilUams,
B F Hemstead, B F Woods, C W Lowall, Bochman, AverUl, T C
Childs, Baker, Tripp, Schofield, Jackson, Mervin, Caraeron, S Drake,
North, Comstock, McKenzie, Joyce, Vreeland, Lane, J B Coggsehall,
Field, C Field, G W Wright, John Wright, Palmer, Swain,Wm Drezer,
Cook, Merkins, B Johnson, T Denny, Siraonson, Ludlam, Webb, Bur
ger, C Van Pelt, J Wood, McCoy, Whittlesey, Mildrum, Birnley, Reed,
Annan, McCune, A Webb, Delavan,'Thompson, G H Beach, Dunnel Jef
frey, N A Brown, Strong, Whitney, Pugh, Sutton, Grant, Holt, Mer
rick, Blank, Haven, O'Calaghan, Losee, Vilmer, Livingston; Hammond,
Corse, J Halleck, Peck, Morse, Baldwin, Waring, Crara, Carpenter,
Burk, Wheeler, Tindall, Jacob, Burns, Freer, Knowlton, G Jacobs.
Logan. Brig Empire from New York, Feb. 19th :
Capt Baxter, Jos Martin, M Curtes, S Lawrence, J GUraan, W H
Gould, R Hopkins, R C Hunter, J O Fowler, E E Hariow, J Briel, J T
Elyred, G M Goodrich, R Fenner, G R Welch, A Booth, D D Crumly,
B Brown, O F Ackerly, W M Mitchell, J B Stanton, J B Guitian, J W
Stanton, D Moon, J Cateman, J Logan, S Wingertz, T Hawkins, D
Glover, P Rearra, O Gibbon, W H Bulkley, A B Berry, F H Berry, GW
Pierson, M Sauer, P Stone, W B Ostrara, S Dodge, A D Sellick. C C
Harbeck, G H Berry, J G Gurnett, W Shores, W Siraonsfield, M Bom-
olet, H L Dodge, W C Harrington, D B Northrop, N H Amblers, J H
Allen, E B HiU, A Saxton. W H O'Grady, J Peterson, O P Blackman, H

434 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
O Comstock. S Wedam. A P Sherraan. M Bogardus. A N Lynde, S C
Wellington. Passengers of bark St. Mary frOm New York, Feb. 22nd :
T R Warren, E P Rogers, J W Ludlow, E M Keigs. Capt G OdeU.
J E Walker, J D Driggs, W D Burhaus. E H Ryall, W H Hoogland.
W O Stoutenborough, W S Throckraorton, J V Hartshorn. T Lam
bert. J Walton, J B West, R A Powers, S Conner. J R IngersoU, D
Lawson, J Rathbone, A C Rathbone, P R Johnson. E Lee, G W Ar
nold, T O WiUiaras, J O Eldridge, W M Higgins. Robt Watson, Dr
Painter. Bark Guilford from New York, Feb. i6th :
C Taylor, J A Scranton, E H Sraith, P Curtis, J Mount, P Backus, P
H Perry, J L Moffat, J R Curtis, N B Harris, J B Wilson, W Strange, A
Beldon, W Taylor, E Bliss, T Wilson, W Jones, John Smith, R Shaw,
John Nokes, Wra Sanford, N Crow & Son, N Pike, W H Slosson, H G
Mason, TC Kilborn, J E Miller, A BConk. =-rM Whitcomb, H Green,
J C Holraes, Mr West, S H Ward.
Passengers of Steamship Panama from New York, Feb. i8th :
Chas Oatles, E Gillender, — Knap, S W McAUister, Major Allen,
Major Binsley, Mr Smith, L Pearson, J C Morrison jr, A J Hoop, G W
Laraoreaux, TEC Cook, E M Hayes, Major Bailey, Mr Bradbury, C
EUet, C Mitchell, C D Judah, C C Green, E G Capron, J G Hyer, Josiah
Hoyt, J M Frey, J Ken Hester, Wm M Barr, Rev Mr Fitch, Lieut G A
Derby, Capt ELF Hardcastle, J B Bond, E F Davison, Lieut TUton, D
J Whitney, G C WaUer, J P Haff, H F G Blankman, W H Turney, Jas
Sirapson, Wm Stewart, C W Holdredge, J H Dye. Wra Stowell, Nat
Boice, Hy Skinner, Horace Beach, O C Pratt, Jacob Baush, E Fitz
gerald, J Cockrane, H C Dickinson. S D Merchant, N Caller —
Rogers, — Gregory, Wm McNair, J F Kimmell, — Nevitt, — Allaire.
— Johnson.
Bark Belvidere from New York, Feb. 24th :
W W Shepard. J H Stearns, D C Richardson, W S Lyon, J G KeUogg,
O D Munson, W W Tuttie, H C HaU, G H White, R Forbush jr, Frank
Horaes, Asa Strong, J B Stow, E S Sayles, S Barney, J F Cain, S D
Mills, L Mason, C H Moss, W^ A Ogden, D C Lura, S B Woodin, M B
Scott, J M Gardner, M Herring, E Jones, G H Preston, R Y Patty. G
K Godfrey, H T Graves, J W Eeles, A J Haight, Wra Jenkins, J C
Nelson, M Y Lyon, Nelson Fitch, A Markham, A W Stratton, W D
Ferrand. M L Reraingion, Volney Hewitt, J D Travis, C S Putnam. G

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA 435
F Phelps, W A Glover, E J Stearns, J P Bawger, E White, T L Barker,
T P Greves, H Fitch, John Choate, Wm Stark, C H Stewart, J W Jen
kins, N S Penson, Isaac Shepard jr, E L Finch, H D Allen, G W
FuUman, S A Paige, Thos Hunter, B D Stevens, A B Northrop, H S
Clark, J T Rundle, G L Mead, W M Eddy, P W Fisher, W Everts, G W
Richardson, S D Suits, Dan Cane, F A MUls, J Davis, N Barnes.
Passengers of ship Elizabeth Ellen frora New York, Feb. i6th:
W H Allen, Lewis Cory and wife, W F Franklin, D H Luther, J A
Osgood, J H Beach, Mr Paul, J D Cook, D H Dickinson, H J Trigler,
B D Noxon jr, Davis Divine, M H Tyrell, Robt Rogers, Joel Greely,
J F Babcock, P Collins, J G Collins, Dan Grahara wife and 3 children,
J M Whitehead, Theodore WiUiams, A J Coddington, M DeForest, J C
Price, Wm GordcTn, J Schlosser, — Caspar, — Gazy, J Zolver.V Schwartz,
M Schloss, N and M Levy, Wm Q Clark, Jno Dawson, Geo Halstead,
L M Vail, J and T Crane, T M and T D Crow, C C Batterman, C Schwa-
welder, Dan D Southard, I C Townley, S Kratzenburgh, Abram Cohen,
AW Genung, J F Thompson, J H HorsfaU, S E Earle, Job Woodruff,
Alfred Brant, S W Lawrence, R T Cook, Jn McLaughlin, Jas Farrell.
Jno Garvey, Jas McLaughlin, Jn Lambert, Aug Coffee, Chas Sibree.
J A Terry, R David, C Tooker, C J Heath, J L Hart, E Gedney, G P
Melville, Dr Brown, E Crockett, H Sibree, W A Myer, Jas Fleming,
B K Peebles, Jas Flood, A J Myer, G Burke, L R Ranke, J McMann,
J Molenaor, Thos Clay, Hy Taylor, O H P Young, Theo Burkhart, H A
Burr, W B Defreest, Dd Pierce, C Shook, Wm Pratt, Marcus Child, J H
Darrow, John Darrow, Ralph Darrow, C M Harris, R Rouse, G McCarty,
C H Ross, Wra GUbert, Geo Bailey, R H Forsyth, Geo Yohe, J W Col
lins, Rbt Collins, Edw Hyatt, L F Jones, R Z Mason, Elijh Sherwood.
Josh Sherwood, F K Krauth, Josh Knowles, A W Coles, C H Coles, F L
Chapman, J Rickleton, W H Manning, T H Luther, John Fleming, WH
Luther, Geo Norton, W D WUliaras, S D Woolworth, N S Crane, C H
Stilt, Stephen Anson, Jonthn Hall, J Collamer, J DeForest, Geo White,
N N Clark, G W Lee, C Beecher, C C Stewart, S Wilkinson, A H Gazley.
Chauncy Hathorne, A Thorapson, G Norton, J H Miller, Dd Cramer,
J M Gustin. Frans Bryan. J P Haff, I Auchraoody, G W Kinney, C S
Howell, Geo Story, J B Bates, G W Burnett, Thos Burnett, S Kopraan,
Lyle Morrow. Aaron Noble, Alex Love, F A Bee, E Haughey. — Corns,
— Aphdyke, J McDonald, J Roe, B B Carlish, Hy Sanborn, S A Scott.
L M Dorwin, J H Dorwin, Geo Barnet, J Bowman, Albt Morse, Lewis
Burr, Abra FarweU, Jonthn FarweU, E P Fletcher, E A Deans, F W
Goodall, Thos WUson, D C Hartshorne, D C Underwood, Rbt Page,
A A Suraner, Rbt Suraner, J B Price, J Pridmore, J McFariand, L R
Cotrell, D C Dunning, H Shedtman.

436 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA
Passengers of brig Samson, from New York, Feb. 9th:
Dr S R Harris, Dr M H Vandyke, A G Harris, J D Cox, — Baxter, H
Patterson, J W RandaU, C H Randall, Wra Comstock, Mr FarJess, Mr
Payran, Dr M Anderson, Mars, Depas, Chapraan, Geo Sharp, H W Kel
sey, Barnes, Benenthrall, Jas Patterson, F Tryon, S P Deney, P W
Wood, J G Patrick, G M King, J E King, Jas McNeal, W S Irvin, A G
Headrick, J W Pugh. Jonthn Pugh, E H Herrick, Wra Holt, O Mc
Knight, C Lockman, J M Tobin, D M Tobin, Robt McCarty, J Barke-
loo, Hy Sharp, M Woodraan, J G Richardson, S L Hunt, John BuUou.
J T Davis, M Brown, Rd Burnham, J P Haynes, G C Glasier, Dd Webb.
J A Westervelt, C R Fredrick, R M Hazard, C Penniston, Chas Pora
roy, J H Harailton, Jas Frost, E G Topping, E C Green, B F Lee, John
Heath, R D Herrence, R H Belden, Wm McNulty, C H Curaraings,
Wra Mcllvain, J R Welden, R E Brewster, Jas Shmith, W H Scott.
Passengers by bark S. S. Crowell, from New York, Feb 9th :
E GiU, H R Keney, J F Smith, W HasweU, B Rice, A Richardson, M
Richardson, J W Miller, J D Wood, W G Moore, J W Giddings, C L
Lathrop, S D Cook, B Gardner, L Morton, S C Stone, T Ayres. C
Bradshaw, M Boynton, C Read, A Boynton, N Sprague, E Robinson, C
Perkins, A Van Norden, J B Perkins, J P Cogswell, J M Jones, A
Dodge, G NicoU, N Chenery, H J Hodges, M Hubbard, C G Stark
weather, G B Phelps, J Prouty, C E Cushing, A Bradbury, F Baker, B
Brisbe, N Tower, W AUen, J Fish, E C Clark, P R Merrick, S Reed,
M N Hubbard, F Lyman, S Bosworth, J G McKindley, O Wright.
Bark Mara, from New York, Feb. ist :
J MiUard, OVV Dayton, S R Hodgkins, J Van Yorks, J M Platt, E
H Platt, H Passage, L A Mulford, C P Dickie, A Lockwood, J Erwin,
G Gantz, Wm Corbesier, H W Taylor, L Neghoer, Wm Jenkins, A
Preston, Wm Bates, R E Hurd.D R T GUI, A Hebbard, J C Smith, H E
WiUinston, L H Bourtel, F Griffith, Ed Nix, f Stickey, J McAUis, A W
Shultz, E Gould, W F Hotto, J W Griffith, Chas & A Pesche, A Penny,
Julius Struth, C F Ward, J & E M Platt, H HUl, C P Dickey, J K Kem-
sen, HDP AUen, S R Keen, W P Olds, C B Allston, J'F Van York,
A Miles, J W Griswold, E H Mumby, T Rogers, R B Preston, P Jen
nings, J C Goulden, M Holmes, J Trueax, W Mordey, R T Gill, J MiU
ward, S P Crane, H T Pierce, J Weyman, W F Huff, J R Clark, J B
Boylen, W H Simmons, A Hibbard, H Dosher, J W Weed, C Miller, T
Greene, T Hawkins, B H Winans, J McKenney, S W Lewis, W K
Brown, C T Tompkins, S F Woodruff, G Mead, Wra Jones, H E Ward,
F Foster, G Noonan, V B Gillett, B C Hurd, W FrieU, W Corbuson,
V Lockwood, M Burdick, D C Brown, H K Bradway, G C Tyron, J G

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 437
Thorapson, A Towney, J D Olrastead, J S McCuUey, E Bates, E Hall,
J S Van Winkle, J Turkington, R S Melville, S E Chandler, S De-
mont, F D Hawkins, W D Sittiners, W Beck, S Lent, R Brown, T
Jones, S Conklin, E Stickle, G Stickle, A Passage, L Mulford, P
Klenck, B H Hastings, E Sullivan, J H Mumbhy, N B Bradamore, E
UUman. P S Miller, J Rossiter, C Daniels, J Leighton. Wm Louder
back, J S Earie, H Austin, G H Gantz, G CarapbeU, G W Case, J M
Coggwell, R Cowper, J B Perplank, G Thayer, S Davis, H M Barnes,
F J Barnes, J Walker, R S Holden, S Morrison, R G MoUiner, H W
Taylor, T Angus, Jas Ropie, G H Morton, A C Ferris, J Patterson, J
G Fielding, J H Weyraan, S Lusk, J Messerne, M Kinny, A Beebe, J
Nivison, J Clelland, E McGregor, G Y Yates, M McFall, M Kessing, J
C Taylor, H Montford, W B Murphy, W Leach, J McDonald, Geo
Swift, J Robertson, J Irwin, G Scardfield, J V Meeker, N R Sinclair, J
Gaskill. J K Pillow, S Moody, H Felt.
Steamer Corsair from New York, Feb. 15th:
J B Clark. S L Wilson, J Taylor, W Ritterbush, G L Hill, F L Soulee,
J M & Alex White, H M Weed, W I Brown, E Hadley, Tim Cheney.
W W Burn, Moses HiU, E McAllister, H P Wilson, A McNabb, S E
Goff, J C Goff, W B Edwards, Geo McAUister, Isaac WaUace, J M Cas
weU, J S Fog, J A Gould, J McMurthy, J B Spofford, T C Clough.
— Humphrey, Mr Nichols, D E Wood, Dan Elliott, Wm Parker, A Jack
son, H Jackson, James L Stevens, C A Reed, J L Bachelder, J H Law
rence, C M Smith, D H Ward, G PenneU, H Green, August RandaU.
John Scott, Ben J Soule. Wm Curtis, C H Soule, Ambrose Curtis, G W
Soule, G L and W A Pratt, Jere Bartlett, G D Bliss, G Bliss, A and S
Osgood, S B Osgood, F G Phipps, Levi Staples, N Baker, C F McClure,
J E Blake, A S FoUey, H Carnes, Alex Badlam, B L Belknap, S Q
Shackford, R Heath, H Morse, L and J Shackford, J A Hatch, Jos
Eaton, J H Page, E B Waterraan, C C Eraery, S Jackman, T C Merrill,
J S Sharp, S M Barbour, D Moore, D Marsh, I B Gustin, D Haynes,
J Stevenson, A C Smith, S J MiUett, N Tucker, N G Smith, T Tenant,
C Rayraond, D C McGregor, J Daggett, W G Doe, E Daggett, T G
Bunse, D B Storer, J C Bunn, J Mellen, E W BrintnaU, J Mclntyre,
P Adams, E G WeUington, M A Latell, C H Simpkins, E B Jeffords,
W W Curtis, H Cunningham, C H HaU, S A Eveleth, W L Chase, Chas
Foster. Mining corapany frora Springfield left New York, January 28th :
J F Harding, Wm R Brown. B F Barker, A B Clark, Luther Grover,
Hy Arnold, J M Fowler, F E Foote, Jos Hedges jr, C Briggs, James
MitcheU, R Collins, Allen Dodge, S A Hendricks, Dan Houghton, E W
Burke, W W Trask. S L Warner, O B Clapp, H D Putnam, H D Bot-

438 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
tom, F K Robertson, G Cr.iven, A H Dodge. W P Adaras. A Stone.
A Greene, W A Dunbar. R W Whitraore, O Houghton. J D Smith,
S S Clark, E Granfield, D W Sinclair, B N Bugbee, D Sizer.
Sailed in Bark Eliza, additional:
Mr Amon and lady, Mrs Johnson, Mrs Leclare, James and F B Kel
logg, C M Philips, M B Carter. J Foster, Moses Parcel. W S Dey, John
Parker, J Agrista. W H Lefere, J S Peters. Sl Brown. J B Stroub. John
Cholet, E J RoUins, J S Rogers. G W Payne. Ed Pierson. JTS Breck.
R W Bowhill, W H Stephens. F J Phillips.
Schooner John Castner, sailed Jan. 29th :
Capt Somers. Capt Harding, F E Foot. B F Barker. J Hedges jr. J M
Fowler. Chas Briggs. L Grover, Hy Arnold. B A Baggby, D Sizer. D W
Sinclair. Dl Houghton, E W Burke, D B Clapp, H C Pitman, Dr F K
Robertson, Geo Craven, A H Dodge. Wm P Adams. At Stone, A Green.
W A Dunbar, R W Whitmore, Ira Holten. J D Smith. S S Warner. T
H Brown. Hy Stanford, J J MitcheU, Hy Wilson, T Shepard, Israel
Luce, S S Clark, R H Brown. S S Brooks, J P Newland. S L Hunz, P
McFarland, H J Kercher, Moses Searls. G P Duncan. A B Clark. F F
Hunt, Rt Lucky, J Doherty. J Cameron. M B Fondo, J S Manard, Ed
Manard, P Herron, A Terry, P Monk. N B Morris, Dr Lutteroth, N C
Nichols, J A Minel, J H Holies. M Levy. Dr Taylor, Wm Reynolds. J
O Phelps. M Chole, D S Glass, J B Pons, H Darling. E Loverich, J H
Richards, L T Coggswell. W Mason, Wra C Bennett, N Newhouse, B
Buckingham, C Brown, Jas K Baldwin, Jas McClochy, F Crocket. W S
Slocura, W M Kurtz, Ed Jeffreyes, J C Briggs. James Schofield. N C
Nichols, S Cauldwell, N Morehouse, John Smith. W A Handson.
Brig Sarah McFarland, Jan. 31st :
Capt Richardson, Capt Allen, F C Bennett, Dr J Hatch, W C Jenkens^
R M Chatterton, Geo Maguire. Geo Work. Ed Hall. G W Lee. JF
Ackley, C A Swift, D B Middleton, B F Bryan. F Stephens. J H Wood.
J C Corabes, F G Clews, J F Bush. A W Fenno, W F Prevost. P M
Swift, J S Handlin. Dan Gerard jr, W W Starr, H L Halse, J S Hawley,
Geo BaU, R S Slade, E Porter jr, C C Hall, E N Jordan, Oliver Crane,
Walter Dutton, Schenck Glass. Ths Lathan. T L BeU, C E Kells Martin
Benedict jr.
Schooner C G Scull, from New York, Jan. 31st :
J E Field. D Rice. Geo Shelman, Wm Ferguson, Wra French, Thos
Geffry, G W Hamilton, P B Kinzely, Saml Whiten, Geo Whiten, E
Beakely, A McCloud, Ben Sanders, Seth Temple, P G Gardner, AUen
Ward, D M Cole, J P Smith, Stephen Ca.d.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA 439
Schooner Col.__Faaaiag frora New York, Feb. 6th :
Wm Valentine, W H Wetsell, P L Perry, F Lynch, E Howe, M
Hunt, J Conner, A M Parsons, P H Boyce, H H Howe. A A Searle, C
Chaffee, P A Harper, D L Trim, B Caliban, A Jones. M Houghton, C
Travis. M Bartlett, M Reynolds, J C Wilkes, H C StilweU, H Ostrander,
F Hoffman, N C Travis, E Wormouth, Marco Raditch.
Bark Aan Welch from New York, February 6th:
Capt A S Rogers, R S Mesick, J Petty, Wm Eaton, Wm S Mesick.
R H Stanley, J S Gould, G W Casilew, Hy Bainbridge, Wm F Bowne,
P Dorlon, H M Clark, E C Franklin, Dr J H Burge. Wra H Rogers,
J Goldstein, R E Staunton. A McVicar, G W Jones, L P Sandford. P S
Cassilew. G W Arcularius. M Failey. J Dutcher, Morris King, Chas
Whitlock, C E Rowan. F C Ward, J F Carter, G L Hewett, J B Mar
shaU. Jas Carolan, John Totten, W J Fredenburgh. Rbt Jaraes. F S Mc
Leurold, H M Carter. A F Benedict. D Hogvis, H E Jenks. Morris
Lyon. J H Rickett. Peine Hull, J C Williaras, S R Ketcham. Thos Bene
dict, Wra Morrow, J L Morrill, Saml Smith. Jonathan Halsted. J Totten,
Saml Totten, J D RusseU. H W PeckweU, M Morris, Wm H Cooper,
E McGinnis, J Roberts, Geo Barry jr, G W Messerole. Morris Baisley,
W H Jasen.
Brig Cordelia frora NewYork, January' 30th:
J Cooke, J M Jackson, G J Farley, W P Isaacs, E Hall, S H Covert,
R Pardessus. Wm Phyfe, M Phyfe, M H Wells, F M Fenton, J L Isaacs*
A Robertson jr. C W Sy, Chas McLean, M H GUlet, E B Purdy. O H
Newton, N Seraanhoff, J Osborn, A B Sheldon, M B Carpenter, J M
Parker, J W Hendrickson, Chas Mijliken, A L Conklin. Mr Vallair.
A Higgins jr, Chas RoUa, J G Cornell, J R Mead, Hy Foos, W E Hoff.
Dan Christie, J A Ruggles, T G Voorhis, P Mc Lean, G W Whitlock.
John Baird, S C Ransora, Jphn Jackson, J W Smith, E Gerder. Hiram
Thorne, J J Brown, J Ledger, G A Sraith, John Keyser, G H Foreman.
Francis Cooke, W H Worden, E Colgrave, Benj Carter, J Mildrura,
B Olds, G H Carrick, W L Everett, T S S Lester, H H Hassey. T P
Williaras. Brig Acadian frora New York, Feb. 6th :
T B Cunningham, S P Wells. W H Mitchell, W L Haskell, A H
Barker, WHH Hebard, C Hutchins, D P Holbrook, A H Mitchell, C E
White, B Baijier, — Davis, — Adams, — Taylor, — Blake, L Rhoades.
Members of a company that left New York, Feb. 7th, for Cali
fornia, overland, commanded by Col. H. L. Webb and J. W. Au
dubon :.

440 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Watson Webb, H C Mallory, D Kearney, J H Bachman, M B Valen
tine, T B Valentine, J H Tone, J R Lambert, J B. J S & Joseph Lam
bert, W A Hutchinson, G B Whittlesey, E W Osgood, Dd Hudson, Hy
Cowden, Chas Valentine, Chas Montrose Graham, P McCusker, A J
McTown, M Doubleday, W D Mcleanaor, H Brady, J S Walkinson. A F
Lee, J K Rodgers. jr,.R Benson, jr, L L Benson, F B Winthrop, A T
Shipman, John Brady, J A Black. W H Liscomb. S H Liscomb. Hy
Stille, I Kashow, D A Stivers, W D Stivers. W J Cree, J J Bloomfield.
Emmett Powell, A S Graham, A C Grahara, L F Hinkley, N J Walsh,
Luke Demon, John Stevens, L I Emestic, J H Plumb, A M Nevin, H J
Borden, J B Clements, I H Williamson, G P Davis, Ed W Whittlesey.
R W Sherwood, T J Hall, jr, J W Sherwood, F S Coombs, John De
laney, Justin Ely, jr, W B Barclay, H Tallraan, L H Haven. L W Sloat,
G F Van Buren, J B Trask, V Ayres. G C Steel. Geo Weed, J P
Caverley, E G Webb, James Warner.
Ship Geo. Washington from New York, Feb. 6th:
Rev. Dr Verhmer. wife and 4 children, G Furniss, E Andarisee. T H
Emmet, J L Emmet. H Barnwall. L Williams. A B Van Courtland, J D
Beers, — Curry, — Reichard. — Matterson. C Adaras. — Apley. —
Briggs, — Rogerson. A J Bonnet, Mr May. R Coltart. W Coltart. J W
Stettinius, J McKenzie, J Jack, Z Curry Bell. — Thompson, — WUson.
— Ewalt, — Steere, — Timra, — Sayre, S Smith, T Smith, — Newbury.
— Spencer, Leonard W Storrs. Dr T Dimon, E H and C H Com
stock, A H Frisby. E H Purdy, L Purdy. Mr Harrington. W Pray. L
Bothan, T Cutter, jr. S Hallen. — Henshaw. — Lockwood, J Fisher.
— ¦ Ford, — Vancleet, — Merritt, — Van Zaun, — Haley, — Thomas. —
Lawrence, — Palmer. — Campbell. — Shaw, — Carvill. — Warren. —
Guy. — Baldwin. — Kniften, — Grimolin, — Sweeney. — Brennan. A J
Wright, T Tidy, D MerrUl, — Rouse, L Keiffer. G Keiffer. Poraroy, W
Eves. — Gardner, A Hallen, — Goss. D Bennett, — Mahoney, Hutch
ings, — Weaver, W H Newall, A M Dobbie, P Leddy, L Bates, F Ben
nett, F Behrman, H Hutchinson.
Brig Winthrop from New York, Feb. ist :
Wm Prescott. J H Cleaves, E E Galusha. E B Galusha, A Van Camp.
Geo Bonny, J G Treadway, P J Stanage. A McFarden. David McFarden,
J Ryers, John Nicholls, M L Mercer, Wra Mentz, Jacob Day, P Norraan,
Jas Mentz, H P Denniston, H Denniston, David Poyrtt, Jas Clark, W H
Jenkins, Henry Roberts, J Haughwoat, J J Galusha.
Steamer Crescent City, Dec 23d :
W K Smith, L R Sowers, H L Shotwell, N S Shotwell, J R Malony.
A A Porter, S H Branch, Chas Hughes, W H Nelson, T A Goin, W K

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 441
Pendleton. J Davenport, Geo Chase. Chas Radcliffe, R J Williamson. D
G Fowler. S N Fox, J Rpberts, John Maynard, Capt Jas Kearney, John
WUson, James Patten, Jas Birch, G Rowe, T N Star, J H Giles, E C
Geisse, H A Warren, Ed Batters, John Johnson. A J Tiffany, A B Cooke,
C J Fox, Oscar Backus, H W Wyman, P Brunner, R Geese ke, Jas Kane,
A C Carr, C Prague, ' D G Phipps, C Hotchkiss, D Rogers jr, Leander
Rogers, N G Rogers. C Fritze, T Rimpan, L Goodwin, W W Brooks. J
Olmstead, A Boynton. John Barker, H H Spencer, S Quinby, J Quick,
J G MaxweU, H Millor. J Gray, T B Newton, E Kirschaw, G M Yates,
C Dye, E S Penfield. A McLean, A R Myers, E E Dunbar, J W Bowen,
H T Boorman. J Lilenen, J L Fowler, J M Buntin, A L Dale, C H Hay
ford. W R Halsey, C H Hoyt. Louis Gibson. L Lillie, E Sparrow, A
Kleinon. W H Baldwin, W W Ridley. T M Maslin, Alex Maslin. A H
Barbour. E L Sullivan. W H Grattan, Dd Sidle, O W Rawson, S S Gal
lagher. J B Pine. J B Wehrman, B McNally, S B Mills. F C Gray, J F
Rogers. A W Noney. E R Hall, M Bailey, J Manning, S W Britton, A
Landon, W L Thayer, G A Thayer, D Browing, Tim Page. C Livings
ton, E Tichenon, J W Thompson, T L Blood. W D Sewell, August
Arnold. E L Morgan, J H Reed. H Bigelow, David Rogers.
Brig Eudora from New York,Jan 29th :
Washington Meeks, W S R Taylor. John Murray, John Young, Gidy
Underhill, D Regna, Richd DaUy. David Field, Josiah Payton, J H Du
Pont. Alstone Sheppard. P Donnelly, John Steedman, Henry Scott. H
O Lindskoy, John Marston. A T Dupignac. John Dickson, T Patterson.
A McDonald, E A Harris, S E Lott, Geo Bentiey, W S AUey, Wra Free
man. Samuel Murray, S J Wykoff, Fdk Lux, A O Stevens. J W Asker-
son, P Edgar, Wm Lull. Dd Westerfield, J Van Houton. A Smith, E
Hayworth, Henry Powles, W D Cammen. Abrara Buss. G B Stevens, A
Riggs, T H Johnson, Wm Burrows, John Van Houton, James Peters,
C Cavilline, J Hall.
Brig Cameo from New York, Feb. loth :
E C Cromwell, G A Parkes, Chas Wainwright, Sam Knight, J S Craig,
R H HoweU,. Jas Duboise, A H Craig, S S Stafford, M Andrews.
Ship Orpheus from New York, Jan. 26th :
W Pickett and family. J T Metcalf, N CampbeU, J A Hopkins, J A
Quiraby. S B Smith, C E Austen, C Dickinson, B DeCagigas. Z Alds-
dorper. H O Ryerson. Jno Fowler. J Riggs, B P Horton, A Levesque, F
Guigi, E Cavili & wife, F Dowd & wife, J Bryant, J A Hall, P Tice, E G
Marratt, E G Burger, J A Raymond, C Harvey, J Lorati. D C Disbrow.
N Schuyler, J F Ahrens. C ContreU, G M Sparks, H Sumner, W H
Duryea, E G VanduUen, F O Graves, H Prescott, E Hull, J Walsh,

442 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Noyes Baldwin, F H Rockett, Barth Hannan, J Hannan, W S KeUey.
W B Maffet, W H CroweU, E D Howard, Geo Clark. W Dick, G
Sampson, J P Spier. G S Spurr, J Spurr, James Keathy & Sons, J
Mazzetti, M S Marwood, E Blakesley, E Balus, G W Brown. Geo Meachar,
J R Smith, Jas Dennis, J Vandyne, E Hooper, W McDivit, W S McDivit,
J Montgoraery, L Mores Z B Furman, J Duffin. F O'Neil, Shadk Daviis,
J Mason. J Taylor, A W Hitchcock, H Murphy, R L Barapton, C H
Mansfield, A Brien, F C Parsons, J B Manser, J S French, J Jacobs, W
B Fransis, S Cole, R Lusk, J B Bogardus. D Davis. J Ferguson. P W
Dillon, W H Barnes jr, G Seikles, T Bearaan. C Wheeler, C Girvin, A
Towler, Geo Richards, D H Russell, S H Allen. Angus Dodge. Levi
Handford, D Gidley, P G Ludlow, S Everingham, W Barnum, B P
Avery. J Leahman, S G Bennet, P McManus. P F Duffy. J Burrins;.
J Brady, W S Patterson, W White, J Chilver. W Fry, G L Lander, P
Kennis. W TuUer. T Hart, W Edmunson. Munson Church. M Garvey. J
Glaughby, T H Ferris, S F Baldwin. J Parker. W Vanderwater, N
Zoble, W Merrifield, Ed Letts. B Arrastrong. W Dunham. Oliver Van
derbilt, H Daley. D Crawford, J Polheraus. G Bigley, J Winney, W
Cannon, J MUes, J Murapeton, C W Briscora. E Burr, S C Waring, R
Finley. C M Miller, W Payne, L McEwen. T Douglass, T B Taylor, W
H Shafer, E B Elsworth, A Blorvelt. A G Tucker. H A Kidder, A B
Decker, S T MaudevUle, A Van Tyne. C J Pollard, J H Ryerton, C E
Peregoy, G M Gaskins, E Adiesdorfer, G Palrayra, D Ferguson, E G
Kidder, W E CoUier, J E Bogart, W Cox, J Kershaw, J Welsh, C Brown.
W Vanderwater.
Bark Galindo from New York, April 7th:
J T Gardner, J M Purves, Angus Cross, S L Derrickson, J E Baker.
A Van Waler, Geo Knight, H Lorriraer, J Sraith, J Dobbs, R F WU
liams, M Menges, R Hamilton, B Burdge, T Kindall, D S Mapes, R S
Jenkins, J E Hooper, J A Van Tassell, A H Jayne, EUt Higgins, J Dar
ling, C R Wilder, J L Van Nortwick, A J Van Tassell, Jas Gallon, T W
Skirven, S H Haskins, Constne Morse, Thos Nelson, T Meyneris, J N
arker, B C Coleman, H W Moore, C H Knapp, A Beekraan, J D
Banker, S M Rollins, W Shepard, J Young, M Smith, T B Savage, S R
Derrick, A McDonald, C F Jayne, J Miller, P B Rogers, C HamUton, J
Arlington, Francis Pasman, Jos Sraith, M W HoUey, Jas White, Wm
Hines, M Homan, A Wood, W C Bunting, J Sackett, A Coleman, H N
Adaras, A J Putnara, E G Terry, R Donaldson, J L Coutant, J H H Mc
Clure, C W Leroy. A Stubbe, W H Force, J W Tyler, T B Johnson, S G
Dunbar, S A Snow, P S Lawson. W H Short. B F Coleman W H
Dougall.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 443
Ship Memnon, sailed April n :
Mrs J R Gordon, Miss Wilkens. P S Hunter, R E Hunter, Thos Toole,
Aaron Dean, -Wra Condon, Wra H Norris, Wltr Carpenter, T H Jack
son, J S Dimon, Wm Cowhan, Jn Elkins, A B Glovers.
Schooner Gen. Worth, sailed April 12th :
Capt Richardson, S B Smith, E M Kelly. T C Abbey, G F HUlyer, A
E Phelps, S L Amoneaux, J Duryee, Jas Atwood, H H Tappan, J M
Tappan, G H Buttress, J J Gray, T W Fields, T Jeffrey, M M Reid, J J
Coddington, Jas Pick, H Peck, H G Avery, J Requa, J Ballentine, G
Whiteford, J Stonewall, G Cook, J Moore, W Smith. C T Sanders, Jones
Hunter, W R Turner, Fife & Stout.
Bark Selma from New York, April loth :
Capt Selleir, R Kellogg, S G BoUes. E Pratt, J Hutchins, E J BoUes,
H Dean, J P Smith, C A Humason, G K Sexton, H Chaffee, H G
Brown, J L Kirkham, H Hubbard, C E MitcheU, A G Mitchell, D G
Hathaway, S Edgerton, G Kinney, N E Judd, J Grass, jr, A S Whitte
more, J C Barkels, J Safford, W B Lord, A Brown, W O Sexton, T B
Higley, J M Ford, H E Morgan, N S Turner, A M Goodwin, B B Hast
ings, M Johnson, J B Nelson, C M Cowan, A G Fitch, A C Ransora, C
C Richmond, H D Chapraan, G R Payne, E Elderkin, E H Abbott, W
Griswold, C E WeUman. S G Hall, E H Phipps, J M Johnson. H B
Gardiner, F Kelly, J Maples, S Vergeson, R R Rockwell, L Gladding, C
Marton, J Hutchins, J A Sraith, A Cuttler, H D Klande, S G Chaffee, J
Spencer. J J Heath. J J Jones, J Grayham.
Steamer Crescent City, sailed April 17th:
M Kenyon, J Gifford, A R Perry, C Buder, S Taber, A HaU, J Thomp
son, J Magill, J Satterlee, Dr C Parry, E Hurburt, J Northrop, R D Foy^
G BUlsque, A Morrison, D S Pearson, G C Potter, H Charles, Mr Gil
man, M Phelan, W Shannon, Dr A G Osborne, Dr Mekes, Dr Hark-
hurst, D C Broderick, W McKibbin. Mr Green, G Rowland, J Taite,
M L Mott, Mr WUkes, K S White, GAR Leonard, D B Crockett, De
Witt Clinton, F Fitzgerald, L Warren, J Lord, Mr and Mrs Dewitt,
Major Allen and wife, J A Jarves, B T Stark, H H Jones, H Starr, C J
Sprague, Major H Leonard, T C Clark, H C Seymor. J Benjamin, W D
Niles, Lieut Maynard, Capt BaUey, Dr C F Winslow, Mr Grid-ley, P Ty
son, Major Vinton, J B Vinton, G C Banford, E B Fitzgerald, S Delicker,
J S Hagar, A Z Lawton, E W Leonard, M G Leonard, M B Alray, Dr
J P Leonard, W C Kibbe, W H West, T Crocker, E T Velson, W Jen
nings, H K Warren, T A Sherwood, W S Sherwood, J H and R S Davis.
C Pardu, B and J SiU, R Sykes, J Andrews, A R Griffin, J G Stone.
E Fairchild. S WUliams. F Green, J Kirk. J Kenyon. H H Curtis.

444 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
J Kelly, P D Mickel, W Mickdl, E Walter P Burke, W Van Houghton,
C Brown, P Mason, J Harding, Mr. Bennett, S K Hopgeboon, J Silvina,
J Cadet, M Schamerhorn, J W McKea, C A Cook. J A Lawrence, C Car
penter, H Buck, J Horsely, J Martin, J Hempstead, H Bishop. A Hall.
M Clark, A Buck, W Trira, F Baker, J N Clements, C C Carpenter, E L
HaU, H E Blakely, C Stone jr, G P Lee, B R Fitch, H Brown, J Raf
ferty, W Brown, C Wheeler, J M Russell, E Horner, M Russell, J N
Dodge, H W Sleeper, A AtwUl, L L Heraenway, E F Cochran, J Noble.
E Wheaton, A S Wheaton, Mr Harding, Mr Barnett, Lieut Budd.
Bark Caatoa, sailed May 30th:
C Baldwin, L Litde, A G Dickinson, C Grattan, J D Peck, G K Church
W WiUiams, T Barclay. J B Deacon, B F Mead. W Hall, J P Carter,
R M MitcheU, J Seamen, C L Parent, W S Allen, J S Rowe, L H Lang
don, Peter Craig, G S Lawrence, B B Bishop, R Austin, J V Raymond,
CH Mead, J KendaU, T Hurst,E Stimson, D Lockwood, G Kear,A Fink,
G WiUiaras, H Brinckle, F V Dike, J Grattan, W H Utter, J W A Shel
don, D F Bradford, E D Prentice, J E Andrews, A A Pinckney, W C
Lee, W C Sherwood, H Haynes, T Houstworth, L Seyraour, A F Good-
dell, H Cooley, M Evans, T F Bradford, Rd Harris, R B Cooley, H A
Pintlay. Bark Phoenix from New York, April 2d:
Conel Storm, W D NUes, J H Phinney, C Dederer, Van Wyck Brink-
erhooff, W S Hughson, Adnce Storm, D R Linn, S M Richardson, Nebrn
Houston, C P Booth, W L Carpenter, Dr W R Adams, M W Weed,
Edwin Goraez, Hamlet Jalcks, Wm Broas, W C Sraith, E J Whaling,
W H Broas, S E Gruman, A P Brady. Jn Fonda, Andrew Kirkwood,
Phil Dater, S S Laphara, H D Coffin, T W Riddel.
Ship B. R. Milam, April 3d:
Mrs G Foos and family, Frank Weeks, J N Westervelt, J Minard, C
Murphy, J O Reily, S Saraed, W D Chapman, A Barnett, J L Chapman,
E Austin, C Shergold, C Merrill, J Harraan, E Foster, Mr Nixon, J
Nixon, C Wright, J J Fowler, F Fowler, J Schaff, Dr R H CoUyer and
wife, A A Perline, W T Young, Isaac Thompson, E Jones, A Courey.
A J Leary, S & A Brown, J S Bostwick, E J Bostwick, E Eccleston, R
Eccleston, A Lengzen, T C Martin, J W Morrell, GBrysen, J Brookes, A
Brysen, J W Wood, A CorneU, J Lyon, jr, A HaU, S F Seely, W H
Lawson, J McDonald, T J Johnson, S UnderhiU, J W Seymour, Ise
Brown, W O'Brian, T L Watson, G Taske, B H Meader. J Cobbett. J
F May, A R Chapman, G Pritchet, F W Fox, W G Power, J M Plimer.
C G Sloane. D B Steward. D B Wilsen, C G WUd, W T Harrington, F
L Higbee.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 445
Bark Devans, from New York, April 6th:
Tho Boon, Wm Davidson, Jas Baylies, Wm Reed, G Searl, Ben Page.
Sanfd Prouty, R S Bradshaw, C F Flemraing, S R Williams, R H Walter.
and wife, J S Anderson, J A Schuyler, Chs Whales, J B Brown, J W
Valentine, A Black, J W Richardson, B Binghara, J Yourks, J Adee,
S C Clark, T Boorman, H Prior, J Lines, C Elliott, jr, J Campbell, J H
Sinclair, Acker, Dr Bonnell, Buckingham, Cook, J H Keron, Jn Sraith.
Hirsh & White, J E Larroston, D Hoffer, W R Olden. J S Ball, C Van
Winkle, L R Bailey, Jos Durand, Caleb Lacy, C Ottenstall, F Weld; J H
Hunneman, Mr McMurray, D W Hunt, C H Terry.
Sailed Jaa. 24th, Ship Pacific :
C W WiUiams, W S Smith, B S Read, J S Dunhara, E H Miller. H D
Cook, B R W Strong, J S G Cannon, Elisha Mattoon, J L Pool. E W
Lefferts, P C Walder, N K Master, A W Gay. W G Bigelow, J Mattoon
J C Augre, L Cheney, N D Morgan, Mr Hale, H Bingham. Ezra Hop
kins, Mark Hopkins, Dr Stedman Brown, W H Sherwood, J W Bing
ham, A M Ebbetts, Gt Reynolds, Wra Dill, J Ascherraan, Frank Squire,
G Sapian, Perue Preler, S Bowen, A Clark, A N Nicholson, Dr C Cas
well, Chas Thomas, Wm B Jones, Dr H Jones, Dr Ed Hall, L M Kel
logg, A S Marvin jr, S Thorapson, Frank Chenry, Owen Spencer, G S
Powers, J Ingols jr, C N Humphey. J L Jones, J Gurasey, F P Stedman,
E C Mathewson, G W Adams, Jessie Griffin, J Pettis jr, J B Packard, D
W C Brown, J A Morgan, E C Galusha, J J Galusha, Dr R B Hull, G B
Hitchcock, Fk Powers, J B R Brown, D H Kingsbury, H Gager, B
Palmer Lang, M H Barritt, J S Fisk, H Bouton, J W AUen.S McKenny.
Geo Wiggins, Rk Matthison, F Snyder, Mr Stacy, U Van Wagner, J Van
Wagner, J Drake, R M Gallick, Wm Lockerman, Mr Ditton, Mr Hatch.
Wm Morour, W H Crane, Mr Cartwright, J S Ferris, Mr Westlake, J
Layton, A Sulger, H Emmons, W T Eraraons, Dr Beals.
Bark Hersilla, Jaa. 24th :
David Drake, R Atwell, Thos Barnes, L Oakley, E C Nottage, Sl
Baker, S W Willis, A Van Vales, H C Gardiner, B Nelson, John Sher
man, F P Kilburn, Thos Haalan, H Brastow, S Cunningham, Philo-
Isbel, Wra H Hoyt, H B Congdon, Wm L Carpenter, C F Rea, Mr
Joseph, P J Paulison, T H Carr, J Watt, Wra Larned, J A Sanger, jr, W
Byxbee, S V Carr, N L Hale, D Nyse, Tyson & Sons, Wm Lewis, E
Buckland, S P Clark, A Morgan, Wra Deforest, N Johnson, Wra Croch
eron, John Conly, Wra Thompson, A Mobray, G C Greene, Mr Saxton
and son, E B Hegeraan, G W Brower, J C King, J C Stone, S S Crafts,
A D Chassin, W J Waters, T R Cassel, F A MitcheU. John §turger.
Joseph Sawyer, Thos Wacob. C B Reynolds.

446 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Ship South Carolina sailed from New York Jan. 24th. Pas
sengers :
H A Ackerly. Mr Power, Warren Pendell, H Livingston. A Ashfield.
W Lahy, Mr Bell, C H Bowen, Wm Bellship, H P Burr. W Spaulding.
G Johnson, B Kelley, Mr Tilden, H Keesing, John Sraith. T Mullen.
M Cassady, G Dean. A Wells, W F Fountain, John Carter, C H Gants.
Mr Walls, Mr Mallony, P W Gants, Andrew Stone. A G Harris, L Bar
nard, C Sterling, J Rooney, Mr Walden, J McVean, F Wilcox, D C
Sraith, J H Doctor, E G Hayden. E KeUogg, W Bullock, S Smith, A W
Bee, Mr Konough, Wm Bowen, J P Burr, J B Morehouse, N Carpenter,
C Kelley. J Woodruff, W Rooney, E Binghara, C McVean, Mr Kilburn,
Jno Canan, Jno Johnson, Mr 'WethereU, C A Cassall, R Stroller, Dan
McGuire, Mr Coy, L Rittinger, J Hodges, Mr uanforth, G W Simmons,
Jaraes White, W E Haskins, F Brown, F Madden, G W Spencer, Mr
Cunninghara, J Penney, jr, F Speries. H Goodwin, James Smalley, N E
Allen, J Bannard, J J Haley, Mr Dodd, James Edgar, Geo Johnson.
J D Chanley, E P Read, J Scofield, John Spencer, Mr Robinson, J
H Wright, J Bearen, N Stroller, John Malcorab, W FuUard, R Buck
lin & Son, Chas Murphy. J P Haley, Mr DoUin, L H Beach, J A
Jaques, A S Fleck, Mr Messenger, Mr Fevit, J Benton, A McManey.
Mr Lockwood, Mr Southwick, H M Curtis, J Hotchman, Dr Rogers, J
Conroy, Dr Stansbury, Mr McGlynn, G Mead, J Sirapson, Geo Belden.
E Wells, M Babcock, S A Mathias, F Geunge, Capt Hall, Mr Hall, A
Sheldlan, John Smith, Mr Archer, Mr Canwick, J Y HaUeck, S Roch
ester, Mr Kirchner, JO Connor, Mr Muir, B J Van AUen, Mr Taylor, T
Sirapson, S Street, O L>oodell, T Gounge, L M Norton, M Clark, —
Smith, Mr Cronchnor, Mr Glynn, Mr Palmer, W C Dubois, G S Fleeter.
Mr Upper, O Jones, D H Hiffard, W H Carrigan, W G Shaw, A
Mead, C Taylor, L Sirapson, Thos Wardle, jr, A M WeUs, Carey &
Co, Mr Andrews, M Moran, Mr White and lady, Mr Snyder, Mr
Madden, Brig Emery, sailed Jan. 25th :
B Yates, Geo Dewell, J C Wilds, G A Hornby, Lyman Reynalds, J
Horton, J M Bagley, R W Thomas, G W Watts, J Burns, L Thorn, R
Thorn, J Wilson, V Eastbrook, H S Freer, B Drumgold, D Ferguson,
J Martin, J Jones, M Sraith, W E F Pote, Wra McDonneU, J M Sraith,
A C Montgomery, H A Blancard, H Maslin, F Kohler. Wra Graham, P
Carter, G Dodgart, E F Purdy, G P Tyson, J F Sraith, Wm N Brunt, D
Carey, T B Tompkins, D G Hudgins, Jn Allen, T Hanford, J Drum-
gold, G Andrews, A G Mead, D H DriscoU, R Smith. P Kohler, Jn Wil
son, J H Sraith, A Ketridge, A Jairaison.

The ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 447
Bark Marietta, New York, Jan. 26th :
Caleb Williaras, A B Hoyt. Wra Mansfield, C F Dodge. A Eiswold,
H Hirsch, N Schultz, Wm Bacon, B F Anderson, R M TiUotson, N B
Starkweathr, W Beatty, R Gregory, H Cosgrove, S Ratcliffe, C Nutting,
D A Edwards, T M Griffith, F V Stoutenburgh, J K Rose, E R Platt, J
M Letts, A P Andrews, T Weeks, R H Tate, L Baum, L Baum, jr, J S
Reed, John Houlett, P Leddy, S B Knapp, Wm Fell, A B Perkins.
Chas Keersing, W N Waites, J F WardeU, T Rendall, Chas Davidson, F
W Williams, W R Fowler, John AUison, J Chesebro, D Shaw, J Izzard.
E Cole. W Denzeng, C Freeraan, H Sparks, C T Bedell, W W Benet, A
Squire, G Swan, W Daniels. J Clark, J G Clark, D P Andrews, D Cun
ningham, J Spear, T W Lowrie, S E Leonard, D D McDonnell, A Major,
B J McKinnon, W R. Burns, W S Maynard, J Marshall. G V Cooper. S
W Bennett, F Cheney, H D Kingsbury, O Spfencer. R Treat, J F Fadey.
jr, Wm Farley, E Gordon, S Gordon, D H Underhill, Jn Shepard. Jn
Schmidt, Mary Paterson, Walter Titus.
Bark Mazeppa, sailed Jan. 27th :
B Pasquale, B Cortois, G Brown. W H Brown. John Sherry, Parker
Bissell, Young. Hallock, Guyen. J C Colgate, W Wilson, E P Hoyt, A J
Hoyt, Francis Moore, J M Camredy, W H Peck, PhUip Brady, Dr J R
Bruckbee, Newell Worden, Rd Evans, Francis Moore, G W Walker.
Schooner Laura, Virginia, sailed from New York, Jan 26th :
Edson Adams, J W Wilder, Pharoah Tunstal, Lorenzo Morgan, E A
Langdon, R T Lawrence, G B Crooke, John Coope, W F Burr, R C
Whitlock, Cantine Hoes, Richard Rhedd, R Muir, J M King, M HiUer,
Hiram Deson, Fdk Macaulay, M Fitzgerald, J K King, Dan HUer, J K
Dunbar, Wm Ellis, B B Colyin, Dr A A Macwithey, M ^nnelly, Fdk
Bouton. Schooner Decatur, from New York January 28th:
Capt J C Morrill, Mr Lovell, B J Grey. D W Blacknence, P R Winter,
Milo Osborne, W H Griffith, M A Toble, J Smith, Alex Hunter, John
Riritt, C C Griffith, B T Sweet, S S Hart, J Donohu, Dr A G Elliott,
A Delatour, J B McGunnigle, As Shellenburg, A J Walker, J Kendall.
W T Blank, James Coats, S Histher, J T Van TasseU, T G Rees, Mr
Sperling. Bark Eliza from New York, January 29th:
Mrs Griffin, Mrs Arthur, J E Jaraison, J C Jaraison, Jaraes Lafore,
B Wolfe, A J Sraith, B F Browne, Mr Foster, J W Adaras, Mr,
Deys, J Kettell, W F Clarke, G Brisco, E Biackraan, A Sherman,

448 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
F Dimon, W S Pierson, H P Cartwright, G G Bodine, F King, H Era-
roord, J Clark, J Dick, S B Jaques.R W BonhiU, S Roberts, M Botsford,
E B Somers, N L Jackson, J Stroll, J Hendrickson, J Beck, W Burrel.l
J Rogers, G Poun, /
Bark Strafford, Feb. 4th :
J M Freeman, F B Austin, O D Squire, C J Hulse, A Leonard, D
Oliver, T M Lewis, B Woodward. G Meredith, R P Meade, W B Meade,
J P Shannon, R Reed, J S Pittenger, R Peel, G F EUiott, R Donald
son, J Evans, S G White, W R Wheaton, T W Stafford, W D Stafford,
D J Richards, H R Ferris, E M Walton, S Walters, C A Bool, B F
Smith, J L Brown, B E Hancock, D C Child, E Savage, F J Beard, D
Babcock, W H Blawvelt, D E Carpenter, F Woodward, C W Cockran,
J W Winans, J C Winans, J W KUroy, Z G W PurneU, T M Tingle, G H
Montgoraery, G W Phillips, J Wortherspoon, H N Squire, P Carlton,
W A Spies, J M Flagg, C H Crane, J W Provost, H L Twiggs, D T
Rayraond, H B Price, A Van Velson, J G Truman, H B Waddilood, L
Hancock, C D Carter, A W Pitts, E L Welling, S F A Shounard, E
Murphy, Capt W L Coffin, W V Q Farrand, Wm Akers, S A Lyon, J S
Reynolds, T H Patterson, B Lawrence, jr, W Tillraan, C K Sutton, J S
Cook, G W Mann, H M Raynor, S K Miner, C F Yelverton, C C Flagg.
G L Reynolds, T C Spies, W B Latham, jr, H McCauley, H H Hopkins.
C Drake, H Wood, B Whitcorab, W N Brooks, R C Lessey, W F Leg
gett, Dr Levinge, Wra Russell, E T Jackson, J B Cooper, P Verplank,
M Burns, Pk Flood, D Galagan, J Spicer. R C Shumway.
Bark H. T. Bartlett, Jan. i8th :
H M Whittimore, B F Cheeseraan. E M Burrows, T G Hahraan, B F
Pond, J P I^enshaw, O W Moses, A W Fook, John Benson, C B
Loomis, G W Church, C Bloodgood, John Fay, Jere Fay, F Berkhart, C
W Holden, Henry Bates, Geo Baker, E Rice, Eugene Crowell, Kelsey
Hazen, Capt Derons, Asa Thurston, D S Dykeman, Asa Prindle, John
Sword, Edwin Kiersted, J Jones, J Gorden, H S Taylor, O L Reid, John
Smith, Bent Dickinson, G S Ramsay, Fdk Taylor, Peter Fleraing, F
Sraith, Thos Brown, J J ^Bergh, Brown & Johnson, Francis Hayne, F
Mortiraan, Josch Deschan, H P Wood, J Goodhart, F Maguire, F Al-
raeida, Jacob Berner, J N Sylvia, E Vickraeyer, A Reese, A Tacot, J
Jeannet, E Reaux, M Stevens, V Bird, Wm C Payne, Elisha Taylor, A
W Soraerby, J B Burgess, N S Anner, H Baxter,
Ship Tarolinta, January :
I Munsel, H Mussal, J W Brooks, W L MUlard, J C Butler, R Brown,
Peter McCloud, Caleb Lyon, J Winchester, J C Smith, R Goodale, P

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 449
Hunt, P E Cypriant, D .Story, J Devoe, Fredk Jerorae, A C Munson,
Edw C Sraith, N Wentworth, R H Richards, E H Traux, W Thompson,
J L Paul, Nathl Miller, Joseph HoweU, J P Austin, J H Knowle, W B
Known, E Woodruff, Saml Stevenson, A Shell, R Jenkins, G W Bryant,
D Livingston, J V D H Noyes, Chas A Burrows, J B Tyler, E Locke, R
P Livingston, Dr J C Tucker, Geo Quackenbush, Wm H Tarboss, Chas
E Chapman, R Hockman, Wra S Ford, Wm H Hyatt, Jas P Lawrence,
Wra S O'Brien, D N Ryder, Benj F Ryder, W Sharkey, S D Stevenson,
Wm Blackett, D B MUne, R W Miner," G H McCulby, Jas Killduf, H A
Fox, M B Sisson, E F Brundage, G Langdon, Dr J P Phinney, N De
Peyster, G S Gilbert, Wm Barr, J C Barr, A Stevenson, Wm B Cook, G
W Wheeler, S Nelson, F S Hawley, J W Steriing, D Stiriing, R Stiriing,
A Hubbell, R Keeler, Mr Conrad, J WiUiams, C S Ward, T Bowley, S J
Tyler, A De Witt, J Monohard, Wm Coddington, Jas Newman, G N
Mcintosh, W C Hoff, D B Ewat, R Hodgsloon, W W Short, J Short, A
F Cox, G W Cox, E Hyatt, J Hyatt, M M Barolden, G B Dodd, D B
Cook, W R Tompkins, S D Pierson, W S Paynter, J H CorneU, E B
Franklin, B S Herapstead, T Southard, Saml R McNevins, J Rapalye,
W S Cox, Chas Brooke, J H Thesp, R J Powers, W O Sraith, H S Pear
son, T W Lowery, W Thorp, Geo Morehouse, J Ladegan, A Berring, T
A Higgins, Geo H VaU, D Norcross ; 86 cabin, 38 steerage.
Passengers of ship Panama:
Capt Goodspeed, Dr Baldwin, Salvator Rosa, Mr Jennings, Louis
Greshen, H Christensen, M Mayer. Mr Lockwood, Mr Leonard Mr
Haritage, Mr Hacker, D Kittelraan, N Blakesler, L Derundone, O M
Millards, O Hochstrasse, J WiUiams, J I Gardner, Mary E Longley,
E M Fay, M McCann, S A Whitman, Capt Everson, Mrs Everson, J.Mc
Cann, J Pensan, J Heinke, Henry Riel, Mr Slocura, Morris Cook, Caleb
Beal, C W Smith, Milton Greene, Andrew Moon, H Bownell, Wra
Young, Chas Holland, Wra N Parkhurst, Louis Meyer, Jacob Bourns,
J Banta, G Michell, Alfred Tucker, Wra Dawson, J W Tucker. J Car-
berry, Mr Mann, V Bono, M Hutchinson, S Jackson, Mr Waterhouse,
H WiUiams, D Decker, Chas Williams, Ed Dawson, G H Sellick, T H
Ulthoff, Geo Bentin, Mrs N H Leavitt, L Polhemas, James Smith, Oscar
AUison, John Spiers, Wm Banta, J N Hamper, O G Ayres, S Haddock,
M Dinslow, C C Freeraan, J H Drunett, T F Booth, H F Schbeding,
John StiUweU. D S Avery, Ed Hope Raymond Denier, L B Fish, L T
Baxter, D D George, A L Bristel, E L Aesop, Alex Crouthers, L Hut
chinson, R Aylesworth, U S Hayden, Geo Pearson.
Bark Alice Tarltan, sailing frora New York, May 21st :
Rev Jas Woods, wife and 3 children, Chas H Tood, wife and child.
Judge Geo W Macrae, Wm H Davenport, Geo S Hull, Dr Chas H Bur
reU, Geo Gorham, Jas Kendall, Catherine Moore, Wms H Hayden, Ezra
Carpenter, Hy Joscelyn, GUbert Hills, Geo Wilcox, Wm S Moses, Joseph
Paige, Jn Merry, Geo Schaap, Christian Seitz, Gottleib Zeigler, Hy
Eikerkotten, Wm H Rattenberg, Capt Joa Hale, Eugene Spencer Gid
eon Tucker, Robt Stanwood, Geo H Hutchinson, Matthew H Furraan^
Wm J Hewey, Jn Benson.
Ship Flavius (84 passengers), sailed April 2d:
J A Gardner, W A Gardner, N A Gardiner, Capt Copk, Wm Glad, M
Baldwin, M Vanriper, H Glendening, J Wiley, Wm Mullen, G Lebora-

450 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
vean, G Tice, Wra Johnson, Wra Quade, Mr Hughes, Mr Henry, N B
Hoit, G Winship, Dr Shaffee, Mr Eliraondorf, Mr Walters, Jas Russell.
Jn Sherwood, Robt Beardsley, G Rheinhart, J Ferguson,
Following is the list of vessels that sailed from the State of Mas
sachusetts for California in '49 from Boston :
Ship Pharsalia frora Boston January 28th:
L L Bullock, Jas Ganley, J C Hararaond, Thos Bradley. N Went
worth, C S Dorr, W H Noyes, Henry Reed, F A Freeraan, CB Rogers,
Wra Barstow; P H Kneede, C E Iddings, W G Phelps, E R Colburn,
C P Staples, B Trefethan, jr, J C Derby, Alex McClure, C M McClure.
Geo Cox, H T Beckwith, L W Hanson, H W Flint, B F Pike, J D Mc
Kenzie, Wyman Osborne, J F Siraons, H L Bemis, Wm Buttler, W M
Reynolds, John CottreU. G H Reynolds, Moses Whitham, G W Rice, P
M FoUansby, C FoUansby, N Gerrish, L D Durgin, Jaraes Fowle, Sam
Bailey, J Moore, N W Cole, A H Bradford, G GUbert, S B Norris, E G
Fowle, W B Kennedy, Calvin Corey, J C Crown ingshield, E W Calef, M
S Messenger, O H Perry, Alonzo Ridley, B L Larkin, W Elkins M
Reed, L T Crane, T W Watts, Wm and John Martin, Jonas McGregor.
John Goodwin, M Bangs, J P Taylor, P B Wood, S and D M Locke.
C D Griggs, Albert Haralet, Roger Keeley, J A Reidell, J Plaff, C F
Loring, W G Kettell, S B Doggett, C PCrowninshield, Jaraes Littlefield.
E R Stockwell, I M Nelson, Ben Haynes, jr, T W Bailey, .E C Rogers,
A R Wallace, S W Craigue, A G Whitton, John Rickertson, E G Jefts.
J W Longe, 'W Vinal, Lyman Russell, E H Macomber, Lewis Webster,
James Duff, Francis Duff, G W and G H Orara, Joseph Putnura, A H
Pettes, Albert Williams, G B Cofiin, J L Lahr, W Calson, S B Emorson,
John Glidden, Wra Haynes, F A Stone, John Eaton, Sara Cowing, R
Brown, Abel Crane, Samuel Strong, Peter Jenks, A B Bracket, H 0
Bradley, G B Keyes, Augustus Lord, Chas Murray, M B Lucas, John
Chamberlain, R R Pierpont, Jaraes Taylor, A W Clough, Amos Sweet-
ner, Josiah French, H E Dudley, Robert Younger, John Goddard, N A
Faunce, N B Burgess, Sarauel Peterson, G 'W Waters, Wra Fowle, J
Hanson, R W Glidden, P A Craigue.
Ship Areatus from Boston, April 5th :
W H Halch, J W Wooley, W J Welton, Ben Ripley, Ed Pearce, R B
Hall, W H WUson, W H Sawyer, Enos Nickerson, D McGerry, J P
Trask, Enoch Berry, Theo S Lindsey, N H Caswell, J P Nash, Chs
CarapbeU, B Gilbert, Ez Gilbert, Jas Morgan, E J Westcott, I G Finch.
E G Wallace, G R Wilson, R McLeod, J Tarbox, Lewis Proctor, Jas C
Goodwin, T C Poor, B Stetson, T R Richardson, Andw Conlin, Jas A
Godfrey, M S Bean, Dani Plummer, C S Lyons, Jona West, C J Foss,
Smn Murray, J M HiUer, M M Blood, J McGee, E D Smith, Chs Beck
with, J R Bean, Cft Searle, S N Holbrook, H McNally, Elias Fisher, Jno
Billings, A C Gay, J H Stanley, J O Draper, Hy Day, Archie Waugh, C
B UnderhUl, G L Smith, J P Donnovan, Sl HiUgar, Hose Booth, Fkln
Hadley, W Reed, Alvin Bixby, Ths Stewart, C H Sargeant, M S Sy
monds, Natl Cheney, Paul Chesley, Sim Chace, Jas Hichman, J A Whit
ney, G L Winslow, O S Smith, Levi Bigelow, Moses Gould, Otis Putney,
J Campbell, Chs Rumsay, C H Chapraan, Joan Gardner, R F Crowell.
W H Tourtelotte, Alonzo HiU, J B Davis, E S Colley, J C Townsend,
Benj Warren, J A Fowle, L T Melloon, E W Grover, Andw Torapkins,

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 451
G A Howe, Geo Drewry, J H Bigelow, Leond Dudley, B S Smith, Hor
ace Wilson, Jas Leonard, S C Clark, Wm Hill, Smi Gibson, Wm Mur
ray, G A Hays, G W Park, TAH Jackson, J W Pratt, A S Mellin, W
ri Rand, EUis .Willis, Saml Garfield, Alf Bailey, WH Hager, Human
Hunt, Jos Hutchins, F A Wood, Geo WUlard, Chas Snow, Francis
Wright, S G Janes, J W Copeland, W Bowen, Saml Rand, Jos CroweU,
Philip Short, Nic Brown, D W Luther, B Austin, J H Kingman, J H
Hartley, R A Sayles, Wm Hyer, S S Bacon. E K Hutchins, G W Harris.
Wm Chesley, L J Phelps, Fdk Prince, W W Booke.
Bark Azim, January 28th:
S L Henderson, C E Hunter, W H Louden, G S GiUis, Thos White.
Geo Shepard, J F King. Amos Waring, A W GUles, G F Remond.
J Pettit, W H B Sanford, F R Brady, R G Cornell, Wra Dunham, B H
Talbot, P Errickson, J Rikkey, S T Ewin, G N Smith, C S Austin, J F
Law.-J Kentfield, James HoweU, T E Weed, J F Bamfield, Geo Kent-
field, D D BuUock, J H Reed, E C RusseU, Wra Birdshall, J M Gray,
T W Brennan, H Grisson, M M WitheraU, P E H Dibble, Wm Morasay,
J B Dennis, S H N Dusenbury, J McNeiU, Robt Earl, John Leach, A C
VaUoton, S W Branard, Wm Dennis, C H Shepard, T Mooney, Wm
Bishop. Brig Victory sailed .from New York, January 28th:
E Warban, W S Cantry, John Heffock, Edwin Walsh, John Lanning,
Levi Haramond, S H Cills, P W Thomas, Michael Riley, A McKenzie.
Albert Walsh, Geo Nesbit, H Graham, Fred Jenks, M V D Dubois, J A
M Hamed, Isaac Jenks, Benj Miller, 'VVra MUler.
Ship Apollo, sailed January 17th:
Geo Shaura, H Riley, C R Riley, W H Pegg, J D Prout, C Dewitt, Jas
Dean, J Slade, J Bowers, J B Garabrantz, B B Stevans, S R Chagotte,
Lyman Dutcher, B L Gunn, Alfred Davis, M H Gerke, G W Hammond,
J Mathewson, 'W A Ferguson, J A Drake, J C CaldweU, T J Stevens,
Dani Davis, John Morratt, W W Ewen, W H Bovee, John March, Chas
Foot, G H WeUs, J N Brackett, J E Carey, Mathew Campbell, John
Davitt, Isaiah Inman, J Stokes, P Rutledge, G Pavenarious, John Risler,
J E Sower, L P Watkins, C A Calhoun, J B Orraiston, W T O'Connor,
D C Betts, J P Beach, I Foster, J B Hotalling. Loomis Lamb. Wm
Stokes, F Stokes, L R Leidy, James Boucher, T Halfman, J K Murphy,
H Johnson, H Buckingham, Levi Strong, R C Moore, Dr Ashley,
A Beach, E Dorsatt, Wra Morrells, Sol Smith, Andrew Smith, R Ish-
man, Capt Coffin, Capt Bunker, Capt Rogers.
Ship Eugenia, sailed for Vera Cruz, Jan. 19th :
D G Mulford, jr, G S Wright, J T Wright, Wm F Nye, H Cronk, Wm
S Carpenter, C L. Hoag, J H Pratt, H F Smith, B W Mansfield, Jacob
Baryaht, C A Clark, Jas McGay, Rbt Evans, G Griswold, G Barstow.
Dan Burdick, J W Wadleigh, R O Tripp, W S Street, C M Pitcher, O
Parmelee, A H Hitchcock, D L Gardiner, James Van Beuren, Buder
Coles, N C Culver, Wm C S Smith, B F Voorhees, A W Gee, J P How
ard, H D Harrison, Theodore Russell, C P Wolcott, J Garnossett, H W
Alden, Israel Miller, T L Pickering, R J Forbes, Numa Lafoy, F Law-
ton, E G Field, H V Carr, W S Johnson, J M Hempstead, J Gibson, A
C Bidwell, W Hawley, S Barker, J Warren Rogers, D C Stone, G II

452 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Bowlv,C M Simmons, H Blackman, T J Harris, G W Gibbs, B W Bar
low, C E Gibbs, CVS Gibbs, J W.Henry, W E Martin, R Winant, J At
wood, Geo Rogers, Conrad Nessle, H A Ferret, R B Fordham, Affred
Lawton, W H Fairchild, F Copeland, I R Copeland, <J Cobb, I C WU
bur, Norman Crane, G W Hopkins, E T Benton, L L Blake, J Musson,
H Clock, E F Northam, H B Wheeler, J D Mandeville, A E MUler, G S
Broughton, J F Hutton, Lloyd Minturn, R F Allason, S A Meredith, C
S Cooper, E B Carrell, J Henriques, W H Gladwin, Lloyd A Rider, H
M Whitmore, Asoph Strong, S A Cheney, C MandevUle, C A Chase.
Horace Porter, C F Dunham, J H Wing, F A Boughton,- H Giddings,
A C Cable, G J Kipp, Nathan Peck, jr, A Turner, T J Agnew, W H
Johnson, J Johnson, W Van Duzen, A C Hawes, F H Sharts, A P Fryer,
B F Peabody, J L Seeley, E Eld, M Briggs, W Carpenter, J H CornweU,
O Fox.
Brig John Enders, sailed Jan. 19th :
Capt Kingsbury, W E Flavell, C R Hotalling, J S Rice, H Arents,
Wm Tyack, E M Young, W Arents, C Terhune, Bent Bates, W M Phyfe,
H Silverhorn, W D Phyfe, G C Grants, W F Skiff, R A Drake, D
W Kleinhaus, John Ebbets, J Rogers, R Cochrane, James Reid, E
Reeves, S Vallean, P R Vallean, S Sommerson, Paul Striker, R T
Edwards, G W Chedis, Levi Markley jr, H C Beecher, J Clinton, H E
Hall, E B Kingsbury, D Demorest, J C Pooler, Marcus Cox. H Bleeker,
W SuUivan, A R WiUiams, J H Tutde, M Whittaker.
A Corapany that left New York, Dec, 20th for CaHfornia, via.
Mexico :
J PI Bolton, Jn Nightingale, Cornall Bradley,. Rd Baldwin, John
Alexander, James Law, R B Morehead, Isaiah Lees, Geo Howell,
Joseph Nightingale, P J Hopper, T B Godden, D L Converse, C G Up
dike, C M Norcross, Joseph Crookes, J W Branch, John Wilsoji, Wm
Price, J B Phelps, Wm H Graves, L Marra, DeWitt Hamilton. D E
Hungerford, S T Miller, C B Hooker, J B Perazzo, A Marshal, Robert
Law, S C Grosvenor, S S Haynes.
Ship Heary Lee sailed February 17th:
D P Vail, Dr E D Hitchcock, E D Lucas, A H MaUory, L Keith, J L
Hall, T S Erwin, G S Burnhara, J R Parsons, H Cornish, H C Rich, J T
Latimer, L H Hamlin, J A Griswold, A J Lester, Fdce Bates, J B Starr,
Jas Buckley, L L Childs, O W Saunders, Lnzo Hamilton, Frdw Keith,
A A Penfield, Abt Adams, C Chrisholm, A Chrisholm, W B House.
Eben Hart Elias Bishop, E Holebrook, J T King. S F Otis, Horto
FuUer, E W Goodrich, Anson Wilcox, S E Mills, Jerme Godard, J C
Mason, P Mc Clure, C P Smith, Asher HaU, Geo Farnham, T M Filley,
T P Francis, W H Stuart, H G Judd, J B Olcott, W E BushneU, J W
Smith, B F White, Dd Knox, Hy Case, J H .Taqua, Mathew Hale, J L
Watson, S S Rice, W A Buckminster, H O Griggs, L McKinstry, J F
Ladd, H A Hawkins, G P Kellogg, J W S Peck, G C Rainey, M R Hart,
J H Hart, W B McClintock, Jn GUman, Horner Fuller, S P Sumner.
Joe Smith, B F Ely, E T Crane, E P Mather, Jas Lemay, Frank BoUes.
A S Starkweather, Hy Burnett, O W MiUs, O M Drake. Hy Prindle. J P
Hamilton, J C Hutchinson, F C Wilcox, J W RusseU, G W Dewey, S K
Marsh, J N Sweetland, S F Squires, T B EUenwood, J S Rice, R Youne,

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 453
J V BisseU, G W -Arnold, E Moody, C M Holbrook, J R Gilbert,
H Stoughton, G G Webster, G H Fisher, C F Fisher, A Colton, C K
Dougherty, Chas Hewlett, D W Osbornes, A L Otis, G C Dole, H T
Havers, Rev O F Parker, Dd Halkitt, Fdk Marsh, Seldon Maynard, L H
Bacon, Geo Cotton, W H Gardiner. W B Dickinson. W A Burke.
Bark Rolla, sailed January 17:
, I G Walters, J S WiUets, M Chichester, T F Pruden, T Guillander,
C Canfield, Thos Marshall, D A Gorham, J J Roberts, H M Weed, E R
Nichols, Wm Wetmore, J C Thorapson, W B Osborn, E G Barton, I H
Knowlton, G T Deforest, Wm Cowley, Wm WiUiaras, John 'Williams,
J T Smith, J K Beekman, James Vantine, G M Troutraan.
Schooner Olivia sailed January i6th:
J K Witherell, L R MUls, R W Vansickle. J P Rittenhause, J Pease,
Wm Fish, W E Keys, TCD Olmstead, E Boyles, W Van Sickle, E Van
Sickle, Capt Paulsen, Dr Tinker, W OttiweU, Ed Cook, C Tinker,
W Mcintosh,
Following is a list of members of the Bay State and California
Trading Co., passengers of the Brig Alamena, from Boston, arrived
in San Francisco, July '49:
Jas C Derby, F H Eastraan, G Walcott, C B Houghton, J H Tweed,
E S Dading, J Garfield, A Holraes, A G Richardson, G W Forristall, H
A Whiting, E C Fogg, Chas French, Dr K Hill, H W Lathara, W W
Moore, Capt J C Lincoln, E Eldrege, Wm C Downs, Geo Nye, C C
Lawrence, -C T Whittier, J Harrington, G Crocker, P Edwards, Jas
Storer.rH Windsor, B HiU, Geo Skinner, Capt Luce, Geo Haynes, S
Vincent, Mr Marston, J Bailey, Chas Snell.
Bark frora Boston, Feb. 22:
Saml Dunn, C F Adams, jr, W W Davis, Fes Foster, H P WiUis, C A
- Downer, Newl Adams, F E Bliss, WUson Whittier, C S Fay, T E Dorr,
Orin Dolbier, J L Chaplin, N P Rice, W H Moores, Alonzo Kinsley, Rd
WUkinson, C A Denny, T W Everett, Dr Fdk Heywood, Dr W J Hen
derson. Ship Duxbury, frora Boston, Feb gth :
Jn Dowling, S M Keith, J M White, R C Bacon, K Reiser, C Reiser,
O F Smith, Chas SkiUings, Saml Kendrick, F L Sargent, C A Upton,
Hy Way, J Critcherson, jr, WEB Andrews, C A Bernard, L Wheel
wright, W H De Coster, Rd Clements. N E Howe, A MarshaU, E D
Shed, Chas Bailey, H P C Loring, F C Loring, J P Lunt, Moses Heath,
G W PenneU, Wm Stewart, Dan McNiel, W B Hasrings, D R Kenny,
Chas Litchfield, Isaac MiUer, I Underwood, y, A S Smith, S C Moore,
J J Wentworth, Mr and Mrs Kinney, R K Matsby, J W McDonald, M
Gallagher, Wm McLeod, Wm Munroe, Thos Cooper, Jonathan Ogden,
Thos Hayes, S R Trevi'Lt, E Leavitt, jr, Jos Hudson, N Hudson, Wm
Harper, W M & C G Carr, H Elvelbecht, Fdk Reeve, Hy Glade, D M
Pierce, S Colseh, M T Moore, T H Colby, Rev B Brierly, H L Sand,
J A Merriara, A J KirabaU, L Mansfield, J M Clark, T P Bartlett, A
Morris, Dan Howard, L Crosby, O B Stanley, Col J T Bowler, J A
Clark, Sral Fenby, G W Coats, Wm Gardiner, S F Weeks, J Adams,
Jn Brierly, A A Wood, J M Moor, J S Burns, G W Rand, R B Thomas,

454 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
H S Loveland, C F Putnam, G B Nuden, Dr Burdell, Vale Nutter, Jere
York, Horace Manson, Gilraan, Vickery, Wm Vickery, Jacob Remie,
H R French, Chas Dunn, Cyrus Dunn, Geo Bolton, J N Frazer, S P
Whipple. Ship Capitol from Boston, arrived in San Francisco, July, '49 :
J Roach, Capt T Proctor, G H Bradbury, J Staples, W Barry, P
Thorp, Rt Fallon, I Titcorab, R Titcomb, J Penniman, G M Elsworth,
Chas F Rogers, H B Walker, H M Brocket, G F Tannett, Jas P Allen,
Dr G H Whitmore, J M Wallace, G W Woodbury, J Wellington, W C
Rush, S Smith, S Putraan, G M Quint, R Coraforth, Wm H Batchelder,
H -W May, L C Brooks, S N Dickinson, H Russell, Augs Hoke, G W
Jones, Jas Jackson, F Ward, E D Hobbs, H P Smith, G W Radcliff, G
A Dodge, J S Foster, G W March, T Darborn, D Q MorriU, W A Gregg,
N H Wood, J Langdell, Q A Terrill, J E Young, J Stickney, J P Thur
low, C 'W Landes, M Chase, N Thuriow, R C Colby, R Cook, J H Page,
H Moody, S Thurston, W S Hobbs, C W Cockran, W J Towne, J Ryan,
E Ryan, H Ortman, C Snyder, Lewis Goodall, T H Levering, J Cock
ran, J Ketredge, A J Chase, Wm Sims and wife, J W Sims, G Fenno, S
M Stone, S M Riggs, G M Knights, F H Price, S Whiting, T V Whit
ing, G H Stone, Wm Lewis, O W Gore, J C Whitraon, O Chatfield, J
Chard, J Schools, S Fletcher, S D Cunninghara, G Harris and wife, J
Egan. H M Graves, A C Smith, D J KimbaU, N D Johnson, F W Field,
P Maraspin, D W Smith, Thos Cain, J Cotter, J Dean. Jno Mason, B
Shins, T H Tompkins, R Revalyar, C R Baker, G Lewis, T Watson, S
D Caldwell, C R Jackson, J Tompkins, J Blaney, H Taylor, J Thomp
son, Wm Hames, James A Cove, H Logan, C F Tronure, S Fletcher, jr,
John Murray, J McDonald, W H Conant, J Stewart, L PatSi, L C
Patch, J A Chaffee, J P Chamberiain, A E Putney, C P Stephens, A E
Arnold, W T Hubbard, S Elliott, H Mygatt, E T Potter, H WiUiams, A
Wheelock, E Leland, P K Leland, G Ladd, S Flanders, J Winslow, J
Horner, F B Moon, R K Haram, C B WiUiams, C Courier, G WGerry,
J Adaras, A Perrin, S H Sanford, Wm Cutler, T Potter, Capt T Atwood'
J A Young, J Hersey, T S Wood, O E Covell, R S Wardrobe, J J Marey,
E J Hayden, S Lord, J D Chapraan, J M -Saunders, C Brewster, L K
Adams, E J Houghton, B P Stevens, E BurriU, Wra McKay, C A Dunn,
C J Zanvoldt, T French, D Buckford, G E Luzarden, G Burns,-A E
Stetson, R Ball, H Lazelle, Wm Holden, John StUl, John Cockran, D
Hines, F Knights, A Richardson, B C Palfry, J Sanborn. H W Carlton,
Wra W Haley, M D Draper, W W Hardy, S Jones, J Eraery, T E Page,
H W Gardner, F L Farnsworth, L F Haywood, F Howard, C C Hosmer,
E Frost, J E Warriner, H Buckland, B Buckley, J D Egan,G F Tamah,
H M Brackett, J N Haynes, J B Wasson, F P Swett, B F WUliams, A
Chase, R Ashcroft, L F Baker, T Milzard, jr, R Patten, L Thomas, Dr
Vanelstin, B F Whitraore, T A Morris, W W Carnes, E Roorae, J Jeffery,
D Lacke, A Edrainster, A Tuffts, J W Carnes, W R Taylor, H Hubbard,
H Walker, L A Gould, T Tibbitts, J Beckit, D T Lathrop, J MerrUl, O
Merrill, jr, R S Thomas, P Thomas, J M "Thomas, R Greenraan, 'Wra
Lyman, E CarapbeU, C Stackpole, J Pendley, D M Oakes. Thos Bray.
Members of mining company frora Boston, March 22, overlaijd.
Major J Webber, Major NAM Dudley, Col Darling, Mr Leorainster
Otis Stevens, Chas Pevear, R C Nichols, Dr Robinson. Wm Nichols;

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 455
J K Cowan, Wm Walker, Oliver Welch, F K S Shed, Dd HaU, J N
Pevear, G Hall, Jos Cracklin, W D Clark, B H Freeman.Chas Mathews,
N W Crossraan, S Edgerly, Jn Tollman, T W Palraer, D A Hogden,
Chas Corbett, T W JJyde, H F Hyde, Luthur Stone, Dd AUen, G W
Smith, Capt A Crane, A K Thurner, Jos Collins, Frank Legate, G -S
Darling, J P Tyler, G C Tyler, I S Hawkins, T F Davist G C Parsons,
G L Coburn, Sylvs Page.
Brig Canonicus from Boston, April ist;
Capt J S Martin, Chris Godfrey, — -^Wessenthall, — Judkins, Leml
Lyon, W C Perkins, F D Craft, N J Howard, A W Cariton, C H Davis
F B French, E A Kent, B Schlesinger, G H B DevoU, F A Snow, D W
Neal. H Bense, E H Tileston, Ed Prescott, E F Woodward, N KimbaU,
G L Davis, E F Emerson, C E HiU, T Marsh, J S Osgood, C W CoUins.
Ezkl Doane, J S Farrington, Jacob Amee, J G Araes, W A Gilman, Dr
Thos Barker, J H Emery, J R Larrabee, E Edwards, Wm Woodward,
E N Woodward, H W Birkhead, Ed Levine, H N Tilden, S K Harwood,
J D Wilson, C Lyon, J D Clark, Angus Eastraan, Erasto Foss, E M Jew
ett, Wm CogsweU, C M Atherton, Robt Dunlap, Alex Carson, Chancy
Gould, A C Stewart, C R Wyman, W Jones, R L Caraden.
Brig Ann from Boston, May ist:
H H Sraith, J K Gardiner, I F Ryan, S P Burnham, J C Grafton,
Lorenzo Lawton, Wra Austin, Dr Jno May, Mtloem Stuart, Edgar
Humphry, H Peeler, J W Rice Wooage, J Cheever, T C George, Enoch
Strout, Jas Nalan, Jno Donald, Ed Thornton, Reed Walsh, Jas Lowery,
E Short and H Long, W T Thompson, Thos Winthrop, Jonthn Hop
kins. Jno Goodrich, Thos Sheridan, Jno Sweeney, T W Southard, 'W
Benton, Dunbar Averill, D L Smitlt, Geo Goodridge, H Hassen, J P.
Longee, J C Taber, Wra AUison, H B Thoraas, H L Blake, F O Sraith,
F E Lufkin, Jno Smith, W H Bailey.
Ship Jacob Perkins, sailed June 2d.
E F Baker, Jno, Raynor, F G Fitch, Thos Rogers.
Brig C. J. Dow, sailed June loth.
J Towle wife and two chUdren, Mrs Eayres and child, R I Wade, I E
Eaton, Thos Austin, Hy Wort, G R Ramsey, H W Decker, Capt Bray,
J N Hovey, E D White, E Sanderson, M H Walker, Mrs Stetson.
Bark Saciaraeato, sailed Juae 19th.
A G and F S Balch, J W Palraer, Dan Martin, J V Lawrence.
Ship Heary Ware sailed from Bostoa, Oct. '49, arrived in San
Francisco March, '50 :
E A Ingalls, F B Mower, S K Newcomb, E E Hawkes, A H Burrill,
Chas Smith, M C Willet, Simon Frost, J H Kimball, H Howe, Geo
Howe, G C Hervey, J R RusseU, J B Burrage, A HartweU, Gen H San
derson, C S Robinson, J R Taylor, W H Stearns, Chas HoUand, R W
Lord. Ship Daniel Webster frora Boston, Sept. 23d :
Joseph W Payne, Edward Wardwell, Wm Cole, C H Wardwell, Wm
W Rust, jr, J P 'Fowler, wife and 2 children, John Baker, Geo Babson, R

456 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Saunders, A Sweetland, J L Ackerman, J W Ross, George Russell,
Henry Whinnery, J R Rundlott and Daniel Roby.
Ship North Bend frora Bostoa, Jaa. 17th :
W J Warren, Chas Ames, Richard Palraer, D C Stocking, Addison
Swallo-w, J Cogsgrove, MorriU Weber, Wm Kennedy, J D Bagnall, H
Garcelon, J G Butler, H Hunter, John Page, Wm Patten, Mr Ellis, I G
Pearson, John Keath, G G Brooks, A Arkerson, Wash Edwards, J Q A
Otis, H Hunter, John Williams, G Robbins, W Bemjs, A K Winslow.
Otis Hararaond, C N Sraedley, S Crane, H H Sawyer.
B ig Josephine from Boston, Jan., 22nd :
Danforth White, Dan Johnson, Wyman Streeter, A L Loring, A Bul-
lan, Donald Letebre, N D Vay, Alien Lefebre, J Sweeney, J B Cutts,
Dan Bruce, W H Shirley, James Brown, J M Bassett, Ruel Perry, J B
Brown, G W Cloutman, Jaraes Fox, Mathew Gegan, R K Vaughn, B M
Grossman, P McCuskie, John Quinch, John Crook, Dani Sanburn,
Brown Winship, T B Johnson, D T Winslow, P H Sweney, James
Sweney. List of passengers who sailed in Bark Carib, from Boston, Dec.
31, 1848, arrived ia San Francisco June 23, 1849 :
Winslow Hall, Abiel W Sheppard, Jas R Foster, Lucius B Sanborn.
Henry W Severance, Grenville H Child, Chas Lorabard, Jothara How
land, Fred P Sraith, Thomas Bates, Hirara Webb, Otis Webb.
Ship Edward Everett from Boston, arrived July, 1849:
John Alexander, E P Abbe, B R Abbe, Horatio Appleton, C N Bourne
C W Bradbury, J C Buder, A J Baily, J B Bridgraan, David Booyer, P W
Brock, G W Bonney, J A Benton, Jas Briard, Jaraes L Bates, S P
Barker, J A Baxter, T J Bryant, W H Bugbee. S W Bradford, Nath'l
Bunn, J G Bourne, C P CoUins, Abel Carter, F F Culver, P N Collins,
G H Campbell, J E Church, W S Colby, G A Curtis, A E Creecy, S A
Caldwell, J E Dix, Horace Downs, L A Davis, .John Dean, Nicolas
Delin, David Droyer, John Drew, W A Egery, F F Egelston J Eaton,
G H Fogg, G F Foison, A J Ford, H B Flagg, Wm Freeman, O A Fos
ter, E French, J M FarweU, Wm B Farwell, Lucius Flagg, Ed Fyoze,
H P Farnum, A W Gove, J E Gove, Geo jriggs, J Goodridge, Isaac
Groves, Joseph Goldmao, Jas Griswold, Levi Hubbard, Benj Van Horn,
L E Hathem, Hiram Higgins, C Holbrook, W N Hart, E Haskell, John
Heckler, A L Hutchinson, L Harrington, J W Horner, A E Hoyt, C D
Ingraham, Enoch Jacobs, W E Jenkins, W L Knox, N W Knowlton,
S S KendaU, D Kenard, Jaraes D. Kelley, L R Lull, Cyrus Long, J H
Lord, J Lombard, F W Leman, L R Mears, D S MorriU, AV H Moore,
James Macavoy, M M Nye, Jnmes Nye, Wm Noyes, Joseph Nolan, N L
Owen, A C Owen, J L Ottignon, A H Otheman, jr, Bart Otheman,
Geo PhiUips, E G Pike, J E PettingUl, A N Proctor, C B Phelps, C P
Price, J 'W Paine, S D Parker, Lewis Powers, jr, A H Powers, Jos
Pratt, A L Perkins, Ostend Poland, T W Parsons, J E Pearcy, J B
Robinson, Timothy Rix, W A Richardson, G J Read, E Robins, J F
Stors, M D Spalding, G H Sawyer E Siblev, Henry Smith, S B Storms,
S S Shaw, T S Strout, O P Shaw, T J Smith, W G Stone, L Towne,
W H Tharaes, C S Towle, L B Upham, G C WUliaras, D L WiUiaras,

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 457
Henry Woods, S D Wingate, Wm Wells, Carlos Waite, A D Waldron.
James White, E F Washburn, J C Whipple, H Weston, N H Webster.
C O Wilson, JEP Weeks, Jaraes Wilson, A S Wilson.
Ship Charlotte, from Boston, March 5th :
G H Green, Peter March, J R Connell, G W Lewis, G W Parsley, S
H Keane, S R Godfrey, Geo Danforth, G W Bowker, Mtw Wasson,
Thos Reany, G W Grant, M M Birdsall,- Dan McGowen, Jn Green, Sl
Darton, N P Roberts, Jas Ritchie, Jas Miller, Thos Corey, J S Warren,
R S Kitridge. P C Corey,. Wm Luby* N C Woodman, J H Williams, G
H Jones, H C Manson, G L Murdock, G W Janverin, Lafayte Chap
man, Harrison Sanborn, Aug I Tirrell, Wm WisweU, B C Wattles, W
H Derby, S C Lewis, A P Reid, E A Rich, E H Tarbox, Wm Bassell,
S E Collyer, Thos Stevenson, Wm Blaney, Jn Dyer, G H Sprague, S D
Blanchard, Edn Stanley, Chas Winton, W H Homer, B Darling, J P
Hobart, Dd Wasson, L B Lewis, M Skelton, Fdk Quinlow, Robt Pep
pard, N R Benedict, J L Brown, W K Erskine, Eugn 'Wright, A K
Perry, G W Woods, E M Smith, Robt Parsons, Orldo Gale, Stphn Sar
gent, Freeran Marshall, Frank 'Walker, M L Whitney, Jas Parsons, Wra
Morgan, G H Fessanden, N L Thomas, Geo Lamson, Jos HartweU, Jas
Bolton, Geo Bolton, W K Larabert, D D Veazey, S D Jones, Jeremh
Perkins, Thos Dixon, E D Hitchins, J B Benedict, G W Currier, E R
Fisk, P Parker, jr, H S Soule, Horace Bucklin, J B Sturtevant, Saral
Adams, W Reine, L E Gove, H Weyraouth, J B Sturtevant, J Locharz,
C W Jacques, A Wellington, C W Gibson, Jos Getchell, E N Bowen,
Hy Lawrence, J P H Wentworth, J B French, P R Rooney, F -S Strat
ton, Aifd Stedraan, J I FuUer, H & J B Kingsley, J W Haskell, R B
Walsh, W J Thurston, Jas Buder,.S B Poor, WeUs Sraith, N A Doane,
G K Whitehouse, Geo Tapley, Chas Perkins, E H Brown, W H Car
penter, C O'Neil, Samuel Adams, W Payne, L E Gove, H Weyraouth, G
B Sturtevant.
Bark Edward Fletcher, from Boston, March 5th :
J Turner, C F Shattuck, C H Valentine, Wra Heyden, — KimbaU, J A
CarroU, J B Nutter, Thos Hill, J H Baldwin, W H Oimsbee, B Atwill,
Jn Gault, Geo Tirrill, S H Jones, Wm Gavett, J O Standish, C R Kil-
ton, Jn Bayzan, B F Reed, Dd Dunlap, G D Fiske, H M' Smith, Z
Briggs, S B Canterbury, T W Ingalls, E F Farwell, Ansell Blesse, E A
George, G B Bradford.
Bark Eraraa Isadora, frora Boston, March 30th:
-Stephn Cusick, J P Fletcher, Lonz Giles, Wm Aikin, J H WUkinson,
Andw RUey, Dan Francis, Trumn Flower, Lewis Sage, A R Coburn,
Jos Green, Ephm Sawyer, S A HaU, Ephm Roberts, C H Hall. G F
Culbertson, H G Pitman, F E Ruggles, Adam Eliotr, Wm Pray, Fdk
Sanderson, L F Sanderson, D B Newhall, W C Stone, Josiah Watson, A
M Withey, Jas Shepherd, A E~ Nichols, G E Moore, Reuben Shaw,
I G Kittridge, Oscar Burbank, Ja- H Whiting, Jn Sturgis, F A Bright-
man, A H Stevens, Ben Flagg, H W Emery, Aaron Winslow, Sylvs Jud
kins, Philo Chamberlain, E A Dunlap, Dani Kendrick, Chris Atwood,
Jn Staples, C F 'Weeks, Jos Wilson,! Derson Wilson, Calvin Smith, Jas
Mitchell,

4S8 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Brig Taranto, from Boston, March 30 :
A Bovier, W A Legg, Dr Z S Booth, R M Waldron, C E SmaU, D H
Rice, J F Cloutman, W F Soraerby, J & H Shaw, H M Underwood, G
Kercher, J S Gould, W Hancock, B F Briggs, J Fletcher, J Gordon, F
Suraner, H C Stowell, H Shaw, G S Gould, J Gould, P Jones, C S
Flagg, T T Bartlett, H W Chafer, S Bowen, P Larkin, A Warren, G P
Rust, J Koskin, E Brown, G Lewis, F McGuire, E West, F W Robin
son, N Wartruss, S B Blanchard, C Burlingarae, W A Wilcutt, D W
Poor, L Downs, H Thoraas, S Dickerman, G Ward, W G Rider, W Mor
rison, J S WiUoughby, G 'W Saget, A J Tuck, J C BuUins, B Swazy.
M King, Z Cushraan, J C Currell. S Jaraeson, W Bumstead. C H Hill.
J H Barbour, S S Weston.
Ship Frances Ann, from Boston, April 17th:
H H Hazen, Josh Bates, Theo Harris. J K WeUington. Jn and Peter
Haskins, E S Pepper, Stephn Putnam, Mrs S Putnam and two chUdren.
Thos Snow, Lot Peach, Thos Meek, Jos L Hesley. Jn Haggerty, Wm
CoUaraore, Wra Hall, P Badger, F O Donogh.
Bark Orion, from Bostoa, arrived in San Francisco May, 1850:
Capt H C Bunker, Wm T Becket, J Malony, Wm H AUen, S Bourne,
E H Besse, G BarreU, W L Bracket, J Bixby, H L Bradley, Hrs H C
Bunker, T S Bunker, S Burgess, Dr J A Burns and wife, G Clearelang.
W Corcorran, F Coburn, J C Childs, T Darby, M Denegan, y R Den
nis, Wm Duff, G W Hersey, Wm Harvey, J Doherty, T Digman, C
Davis, J L Dimmick, C W Dimmick, S Draper, E A Eraerson, S J Eld
ridge, O Eldridge, J A Eldridge, D G Eldridge, P Farrell, A Flint. E J
Foster, E Gage, S Goodwin, A L Greely, Jas A Grant, A C Goodwin, C
Hawkes, E B Hardwick, E F Hartson, S F Hamlin, A G Haines, F H
Jenkins, E Kingsley, E Kingsley, jr, F Lavery, C Laws, B S Lawrence.
F D Lawrence, W B Mclntyre, O B Mclntyre, I Moulton, FD- Moores.
H McGuire, E W Nash, S Nye, Z H Oliver, F T Philips, J Philips, D
Perkins, J Q A Parker, F Pope, M Ralph, C H Ricard, W Richardson,
F H Robinson, E Robinson, S Robinson, jr, J H Robinson, jr, L W C
Robinson, E N Robinson, M S Sawtell, J C Shepard, C A Shepard, H
Stewart and wife, J Spence, G Spence, F Sears, B F Swift; W T
Thatcher, J A Taylor, J O Wiley, I W Ward, M D H Ward, I M
Ward, J L Webster, Mrs Wheeler.
Ship Nestor, from Boston :
Enoch P Fuller, Theodore Littlefield, Jesse Norcross, John Hayman.
jr, Thoraas D Hooper, Stephen W Richardson, Jaraes Nelson, jr, John
W Bickford,Wm Ireland, Nathl Nelson, Alexander Nelson, S S Swa
sey, Benj FuUer, Samuel FuUer, Enoch Fuller, Jacob Nay, Sarauel Nay,
John Hill, David Kelley, John BaU, Williara Russell, Edwin Jaraes, Anna
Bickford, Mary H Richardson, Mrs Nelson, Francis Hovey, John Jones.
Ship Reindeer, from Boston, Nov. 22d, 1849 :
Charles G Howard, M Talbot, M Tooraey, Lawrence Carr, M Ryan,
James Tenney, Edmund Kimball, E T Jewett, Wm N Jewett, Geo W
Stone, N Woodbury, Samuel Jackson, George M Henry, F E Abbott, O
L Whiting, H L Langsford, J W Roberts, Ira Mason, W F Downes, S
W Clark, O M Wardwell.

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 459
Ship Cordova, from Boston, Sept. 26th, 1849 '•
Wm H Brooks, John Felt, F W Randall, Benj F West, Wra J Lunt,
Sarauel P WiUiston, John R Mansfield, John Baker, James Stetson,
Joseph A WUUs, WiUiam P Haskell, Ephraim Lord, Henry A Farnum,
Thoraas G Symonds, Joseph Stephens, jr, Richard Dowst, George D
Symonds, S F Huber, Charles Gardner, James Morden, Wesley Dowst,
— Corkary, — Fairfield, Moses F Patch, Hiram P Hardy, Wra P
Haynes, Isaac M Hardy, John C Cook, Sarauel S WiUiston.
Ship Harriet Rockwell, sailed from Boston September '49, arrived
in San Francisco February, '50 :
E L Willard, L DeBonneville, E A WiUard, J McCay, A Southworth,
W B Saville, T Hastings, G B Dinsmore, N Dingley, J N Danforth, G
M Bancroft, C O Muzzy, S Hawes, W Flanders. D Saville, A Curtis, J
B Smith, C G Rozier, C O Oberge, J S Curtis, A Todd, E Todd, H Doty,
C Barnes, G York, C Tucker, Lorenzo Dow, G F Chase, W H Collins,
B Stockwell, L Goodwin, G H Greely, I S Lee, S Sherman, C Turner, B
Whittier, H Soule, Wm Stockton, S A Marshall, F Upton, C M Nehl-
don, J W Sraith, C F WiUis, W C Crispin, E G Spear, F Merrifield, P
M Baldwin, T Murray, D F Ward, L Whiting, W Folsora, H Grant, J
A HoUowell, I Barker, R Sraith, A Stockwell, J H Ginter, J P Wheel
er, R Underwood, S Kinsley, J C Pinkham, Wra Read, H Lewis, G
H Mann, C Saunders, G Nichols, B E Eaton, S P Fish, C Fessenden,
J D Bennett, J H Hastings, G Harrington, J Collins, S S Prime, H
Zottraan, D Sherman, S StockweU, Dan Parker, J W Putnam, O
Cooper, John Hall, M Walkers, G P Haven, L Richardson. A Stock
weU, B W Jenks, Jeremiah Ladd, G H Mann, E F Pope, S Herrick. O
W Tucker, C Jackson, W B Lever, G Rockwell.
Ship New Jersey from Boston May ist :
Capt Boss, J C Pelton and wife, H Bryant and wife, D and M Shep
herd, F Faxon, F uingley. Rev C A Farley, J Ross, S S Eaton, B J Beal,
M B Lucas, A Spear, A MeUow, D Taylor, A Lynn, B Boynton, W H
Hardy, R C Marsh, Jesse Morrill, Safd Towers, Ed Cardell, Jno Patch,
F C lianson, J Coffin, Rev Bien Dyer, Dr C Gibbs, R P Boss, Wra Snow,
A S Crocker, Robt Griggs, Frank Jones, J T Buntin, H M 'Wadsworth,
Asa Walcott, L H Colburn, C F Cheney, J C Heath, H C Lea, E J
Mann, H O Byram, G G TruU, Rsn Tifft, Olney Dodge, Austin Thorap
son, A G Hastings, I Spaulding, G B Lawrence, Chas Blood, S P Wood,
W H Shelden, C Griner, W H H Hall, J L Fpster, C A Stevens,C E Blood,
L Morse, J C Gleason, J B Grant, J Plyrapton, B G Folsom, Jos Meers,
G H Webster, Jackson Reed, Lewis MorrUl, R Gove, T R Bailey, G N
Scott, Albt Keith, Jas Taft, Jonah WiUiams, Jno Ayres, G N Fiske, H
Wheeler, Jos Reilly, G F Rogers, L D Smith, Mr Driver, J B Cole, Jno
McDonald, Z W Sraith, D L Swain. J B James, W E Crowell, Jona Crow
eU, Leml NeU, J A Southworth, C F Walcott, T Dyer, W W Reed, J
C Alden, T J Weeks, G P Morrill, Jas Hooten, Augs Reed, T P Mer
riU, R and W R MerrUl, J H W, L G, L F and H MerriU, N H Pike, Hy
Hooten, J H Depaux, L F Tarbett, W S Bartlett, J E Kitts, Tim Chil
lis, D L Pa^e, Josh Sargent, R W Knox, G Bickford, C J Evans, Dani
Choate, J S WUliaras, Jos Dunn, R R Woodbury, W H HUl, C Rich
ardson, J C Bemis, Jno Fiske, G W Atkinson, D P Ring, R H God
dard, Royl Boston, Jno Hogan, L Gillson, C Tappan, E B Leach. S

46o THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Buel, B A Goldsraith, J M Ginn, W F Sibley, M Rehfish, C C Par
sons, A R Richardson, C M Kemp, D H MorriU, Mr. Frost, G W
Hobby, O W Brandenberg, J Shadd, J L Fiske, J Hunnewell, P
Clowry, J A Meyer, W French, F Winn, Thos Emery, Dr T Welsh,
W H Bartlett, S Whitney, W E Johnson, C Hewitt, J Cash, W A
Melvin, Jason Richardson, D A Mowry, A Dennison, B Haley, A
Burke, W J Bryan, Alphons Benson, B F Cross, S S Green, 3 Libbey,
J Besom, J Harty, Jno Adaras, Sral Goddard, N A Gordon, G A Bai
ley, S P Gilman, T H Borden, H Fernald, C T Stumke, C T Eshandit.
Bark Maria, sailed from Boston January loth:'
J G Thayer, Aug Thayer, J W Draper, W B Gould, J S Bacon, J E
Sdokney, A Keith, F S Mahoney, Wra R Reed, M A Parkhurst, C Oli-
iver, Chas Gay, S H Marsh, S G Hand, L Dunbar, G D Wyman, Chas
Everbesk, D B Lathrop, Jas Harding, G H Davis, J A Brazer, Jno Mas
ters. Ship Forest, January loth, from Boston :
J Q Adams, G W Adaras, J W AUen, L F Baker, D Matheson, S
Crane, D PettingiU, R Furnace, H Barhdt, J Hilton, P Hall, Warren
Woodward, T A KirabaU, J McNab, Lyons & Hunt, R W Nixon, W H
Clark, J M Austin, Geo Taylor, H M Chase, J Bradbury, Wm Moulton,
B Wentworth, J Carr, Way Bacon, — McMaster, H D McNab, Andrews,
Budlong, Gove and Siramons, J F BaUey, I F Heath, Jos Langley,
W Rantcliffe, John Morrison, Abel Briggs, jr, Joshua Hunt, Levi
Sraith, G W Lake.
The following corapany started from Boston through Mexico to
Califoraia :
E A Paul, C F Reed, Jonathan Gavett, Chas Liscom, G A Baker,
C W Gleason, T H Haskins, C Austin, J L Reed, E L Kitridge, J H
Fickett, T M Gridley.
Brig Mary Wilder from Bostoa Jaauary 28th :
- D H Goff, R GiUUand, H D Adaras, E S Case, Jabez Atwood, W C
Case, J S Saunders, Henry Pierce, J H Pluraraer, S R Edwards, E H
Slocum, D D Farnham, H E Coverdale, ALP Calvin, Earle Flint, D
A Libley, Geo Pierce, Scott Laphara, J Larrabee, G W Brown, H A
Chase, W L Skinner, W A Bunker, 'Vy W Babbitt, A E Graves, jr, M S
Scott, A Scott, M G Kelly, H J Sraith, L Bunker, L Bugbee. J C Lord.
Nathan Flanders, Ben Nickols, Mr Beck.
Schooner Boston, sailed January 27th :
I W Dunhara, H J Shurdeff, Dr B Shurdeff, O W Craig, G D Hale,
jr, W H Wallace, D Hardy, W W Poole, C B Manning, Howard Clark,
Philip Fiske, H Noyes, N Collins, W Pratt, C MerriU, E H Pratt, L
Morrison, Thos Bond, Geo Fredricks, L Hathaway, Asa Higgins, J
Guille, Jas Cole, J Barry, Oriando Ware, W W Powers, B H Welsh, Ed
Bradley, C P Kiraball.
Ship Regulus from Boston, Feb. 24th :
J A Broback, A S Southworth, C C Phelps, A R Kelly, G C Ward-
well, A F Hawes, E M Sparks, Wra Fish, C H Lewis, W H Quigley,
Solmn Stoddard, J C Smith, S G Everett, MUes Sweeney. J H Bufford.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 461
C M Drew, Melvin Mathews, F P Knight, GH Hayden, Isaac Brooks, A
B Weaver, B S Wright, L R French, Luke Bicknell, J H Howard, C W
Richardson, S D Leavitt, C H Meicher, Wm Stewart, W H Kendall, A
F Bryant, Mr Gillis, D S Cobb, J H Tombs, W Stanley, A Robinson, J
G Smith, Marshl Howe, J M Andrews, Jerome Foster, Dan Lewis,
Nathn Lynde, jr, Dan Bradford, J Barrel!, C H Hayden C L Smith,
Thos Southworth, G W Slade, Wm StiUwell, L P Fiske, W A Brown, W
A Bowen, Fdk A Waldron, Stphn Patty, Dani Usher, Wm Brown, G S
HaU, J T Thurston, Edwn Lee, J W Martin, Cyrus Libbey, W F Ox-
nard, Aifd Flanders, E A Sawyer, J O Currier, G H Backrnan, Jock
AUen, Jn lohnson, J D Carleton, Chas Burlingham, J Walker, W F
EUenwood. W Murphy, J W Barri, Warm Lane, W M Parker, W B
Worthley, Ben Osgood, Thos Williaras, Ephra Brown, E L Pattergill,
H Snow, E M Clark, F Felives, Hy Tibbets, Stphn Clapp, Wra Clapp, F
B Hawes, Alphs Woodbury, T W Sargent, J Clark, Chas Langford, J L
Smith, Pat Kirwin, E F Hazelton, Chas LiUey, C A Warner, T B Brad
ford, C E Bryant, J A Cox, G E Capron, Geo Robins, H B Beals, W H
Beals, J L Howe, Lucius Hawthorn, J P Brown, Chas Allen, Lafayte
Hawes, E L Valentine, Lelnd Howe, A I Gould, Dr Moses Hill, 'W L
Fish, Jaros Jewett, J D Shafter, h. E Rogers, A C Rogers, C W Phelps,
J Moore, Joel Clemons, Zach Brainard, G W Wilson, J H Tase!
Brig Emily Farnham, sailed July 15th :
Harrington Osgood, Mrs Mary Osgood, Jas Tirarains, M B KeUey, Jn
Tucker and wife, Rufus Coffin, J R Perkins, T & G A RusseU, Mrs
Nancy RusseU, T P Swain, Alex Chase, Wra Patton, J P Sheldon, J
Jewett. Schooner Roaaoke, sailed July 17th :
W N Shelley, Hy Williams, Wm Cole, G M Josselyn, C Kirketop, P
W BeU, C I Hillburn, M R Sylvester, W H V Gallup, Isaac Leonard, Hy
Haste, Geo Bartlett, Fdk Morton, J E Sever, Rusl Bourne, W B Joselyn,
Lwnce Panton, J E Cushing, H H Barstow, Phens PettengiU.
Bark Bostoaiaa sailed July 22ad :
M P Hubbard, T B Cushing, W M EUiot, R S Hinckley.
Bark Caatoa, July 21st :
A J BurrUl, Wm Bennett, Mein JeUison, A H Bonney, D C JeUison,
S J Lord, Jas Leighton, H N Whitcorab, A P Bonney, J H Joy, A K P
and Sol Squire.
Brig Helen Fiske, sailed July 26th :
Albt Chapman, Isaac Barstow, Nathn Simonds, Wra Hutton, A W W
Levering. Brig Sea Eagle, from Boston March 5th :
Bendt Anthone, Ed Burke, B K Bancroft, J H Burnham, Wra and
J M Baldwin, Hy Bancroft, Philip Bailey, N W Bickford, E A Bailey.
A S CroweU, D G Corliss, E C Corliss, S B Corliss, S P Carpenter, W
W Draper, H H Doten, Jno Dodge, J A Eaton, L D Flanders, G H May
hew, Jno McLeish, Greely MerrUl, J H Morrison, E B Parker, Marvl
Parker Sl Robbe, G L RoUins, A L Shaw, Asa Frizel, Araos Tillebronn,
H F Farrington, Geo FuUer, E S Hooles, S S Hurd, F D Stinson, Seth

462 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Simmons, A W Salsbury, Jothan Salsbury, Jthn Taylor, Jacob Town-
send, R G Wait, Darius Wellington, H H Wheeler, G B Sraith, Nathl
Ward, Geo Cox, Thos Haskell, Caleb Hathaway, Geo HoUiday, Jos
Hicks, Elsha Harmess, H E Holland, S F Ireland, A G Johnson, G W
Johnson, S F Lurvey. J F Locke, G A Locke, Josh Littlefield, Hy Col
ston, T W Williams, Peter Ward, L E Buckman, Sl Harris, Luther
Lock, Josh Hughs, Rd Brown, C W Symons, T H WUliams.
Bark- San Francisco, from Beverly, Aug. 15th, 1849 ¦
Thoraas Reraraonds, John G Butraan, Andrew Larcora, jr, James
Brown, Washington Stott, Calvin Wallis, George Whitmarsh, Isaac W
Baker, Benj Rogers, Samuel O Gallop, Tracy P Wales, Wm O Good
ridge, Wm J Dodge, Edward A Perry, Luther Haskell, Daniel Wallis,
rhomas D Davis, Isaac WaUis, William Rowell, Charles Pickett, Liver
more Whittredge, jr, Edward Woodberry, 2d. Eraery P Luramas, Charles
H Perry, Albert Perry, Joshua Carrico, Ezra A EUingwood, Geo R
Crawford, Josiah F Bennett, Benj W Foster, W Swaney, Jacob Barker,
W A Perkins, Joseph S Wyman, Jacob Webster, Joseph Blake, jr, John
Knight, 2d, Joseph W Clark, William Foster, A Wentworth.
Brig Christiana, frora Beverly August i6th, 1849 :
David Dodge, Zebulon W Davidson, David Whar^, Alexander Allen,
Daniel J Haskell, jr. Wra Chapman, Wm H Farnham, Samuel Jelly,
Chas Woodbury, Wm Pond.
Ship Sweden, from Boston March ist, 1849 •
Capt Cotting wife and son, E P Cotting, Guy C Goss, Chas J P Wix-
well,Dr L B EUiott, A T Wilson, Mrs A T Wilson, C Carter, I H Lindsey.
I L L F Warren, L Snow, C A Poor, T G Wells, G Hagen, T E Hatch,
R Hatch, O Dickenson, D N Wright, B F Holmes, A D Dale, L Buck-
minster„Nathl Plympton, I R Plympton, J McAllister, jr, J W CarapbeU,
Nath L Revere, Wm Revere, W C Pillsbury, G A Gregory, W B Lenand,
R Knowles, A Bicknell, B Gowen, G Bailey, T Towns, J C Gurnett, J
R Kelley, Wm Ordway, R Loveday, R Loveday, jr, T L Prescott, G
Porter, C R Pike, A F Rowe, C H Strout, J H Stearns, S W Haskell,
P Wall, W W Stickney, J G Burdett, E Colson, G Nason, P R Moore,
G W Moore, E H Locke, G W Tasker, R Howard, T W Patten, L C
Packard, R C S Ballard, P Wright, J B Hadlock, B B Rand, C W Per
kins, S P Perkins, L J D Fraittas, F Williams, W Morse, Benj Tufts, F
P Leathe, E L Teele, J P Thayer, L D Lead, A Reed, B M Clynch, C
H Sraith, M J Lord, Geo C Moore, B B Norton, J M Sharpe, J W Mer
rill, J S Pearson, F Wood, W H EUiott, A Hopkins, H P Osgood, S W
Gaffan, L Langley, J MiUer, jr,S FeUows, J P Thayer, S Hay, J D Era
erson, y Cracker, R BuUard, O D Blancon, W H Ready, J Edwards,
Evan Cram, S L Burn, N B Puffer, B H Burrill, J CoUins, E B RumrUl,
L D Davenport, M P Coggswell, J H Rand, J Scott, Wm Jones, J R
Head, H R Taylor, J H Gordon, A Loker, L H Poole, C H BurreU, J
Holmes, H H Wodey. T A Twist, W S Skelton, E Litchfield, F Morse,
E B Currier, E A McIntosh, J Tolman, A W Swett, G E Baleman, J B
Moore, J R H Dorrance, J Garrett, G P Webster, J M Kelton, J S East
man, S A Nevers, L D EUis, J Carpenter, G W Parker, W M Hussey, W
J Clough, W Kerney, A Allen, T Cartwright, Geo Gragg, L L TreadweU.
J O Parker, J S Matthews, Geo K Goodwin, Francis HartweU, Benj
Bailey, Wra Tileston, J M Drew, P J Bolan, J J Downers, B Bunton,

THE. ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 463
J H Buxton, A F Benson, D C Watts, H D Freeman, H V McClure, H
Mason, O Wyman, C E_ Stratton, S P Montgomery, J R Miller, J Don
ner, J Potter, C A Arns, G H Cooper, J H Smith, R F Patten, Thos
Parker, J Q A Ballow, G W BaUow, G C RusseU, Miles Jewett, Henry
N Preston, J H K Barbour, Wm Jay, Geo Nelson, Reuben McClaslin,
Anthony DeLay, John Fletcher, John Robinson, John F Chase,Aiidrew
Miller, Gregory Bernaso, Geo Meserve, Francis McCaston, Sam Rum-
rill, John 'WUliams, Lewis L Gunder, Lady of Cunder, Andre Ayres,
Alex J Goodman, Augallan Fostard, J Gaffery, Alex DeGillman, H J
Mason, Jehn Clorise.
Following are the nanies of Pioneers who sailed from the Island
of Nantucket in '49 for California :
J W Clapp, C C Morton, A J Morton. R MitcheU, C E Mitchell, C O
Swain. D C Steward, F C Coffin, Chas Luce, Chas Cottle, W S Cath
cart, Ed Gomley, Benj Folger, Alex Coffin, W F Sherman, William
Horsfield, C S 'Wyer, N G Chase, W E Sherman, C A Swain, Thoraas
Jenkins, S M Swain, Alex Paddock, B Winslow, W H Harper, Arthur
Cooper, Dr J B King, J H Gibbs, T F Mitchell, Wm Summerhays, E W
HiUer, J H RusseU, B F Folger, 3d, J M Bunker, Geo Rice, Chas Wood,
Wm C Pease. A C Mitchell, Arthur Coffin. Edwin Pease, C H Cofhn,
Joshua Bunker, Benj Mitchell, J T Metcalf, Caleb Field, G W Wright,
J C Palmer. Albert Field, H C Worth, C W Cook, Josiah C Swan, C
F Hussey, W C DeFreese, B C Starbuck, B F Swain, C A Worth, G F
Starbuck, Mrs B C Starbuck, J B Starbuck, Saml Barney, G C Gardner,
J M Gardner, E R Huntington, Mrs S Barney, Mrs J M Gardner, W B
Gardner, P C Pinkham, Chas Fosdick, G C Mitchell, J C MitcheU, O C
Bunker, B BunneU, James M'Guire, Rev J Brown, T Pinkham, F B
Folger, C B Gardner. G C Sheffield, R Calder, C B Chadwick, C B Maey,
R H Maey, W M Barrett, Ferdinand Ewer, J Meader, T B Meader, E
W Coffin, C C Coffin, D C Baxter, T W Riddell, H P Crffin, T C Gard
ner, John EUkins, Alvin Fisher, E T Wilson, G A Lawrence, W H
Wert, C F Winslow, Timothy Crocker, H H Jones, C C Mayhew, Man
uel Simmons, D W Wood, E R Wood, Reuben Cleveland, C F Swain,
Jas M Russell, R S Easton, D C Swain, J W Maey, Laban Coffin, Frank
lin Folger, G R Folger, John Crosby, J C Brock, O C Hussey, H Rus
sell, G Folger, A J Sanbury, D Eglinton, W B Coffin, J Montgomery, D
N Drew, C H Tuck, Uriah Russell, B C Sayer, Wm G Chase, R R Cong
don, A C RusseU, G S Clark, H W Derby, A Swain, R B Joy, J S Rus
seU, G Fitch, jr, Wm H Dodge, D B Chase, BarziUia Ray, J F Maey,
Jehn W Folger, W C Bunker, G W Coleraan, B F Cofiin 3d, F B Piukham,
F W Chase 2d, G F Hammond, C W Gaveman, C H McCleave, D B Swain,
L Mackim, C M Ray;E M Folger, F A Hussey, A J FuUer, Wm H Mncy,
Wm Worth, Thos Brown, Reuben Barney, Wm R Coleman. Wm Flas
ket, H C Fisher, Wm P HUlen, B J Cofiin, J O Fisher, Fredk Hoeg, S
T Wood, Jas S Worth, P Folger 2d, J Sturgess, Dan Bigelow, C D Pink
ham, Wm Carnes, Isaac Swain, David Sprague, C R Fisher, Josiah
Gardner, David Bennett, Hiram Bailey, T G Barnard.
Pioneers who arrived in California on the Fanay, from Nantucket,
in February, '50 :
Jehn Morrisey, R B Parker, Chs Cahen, James Thompson, P C Brock,
Wyraan Bradbury, Alex Whippey, Elisha Doane, V BiddeU, Geo Worth,

464 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
J Hinckley, R S Sraith, T S Sayer, J B Coffin, R D Maxem, Alex S Joy,
C F Maey, C F Brown, H Fitzgerald, B R Burdette.
Ship Martha from Nantucket, arrived in San Francisco 1849 •
E M Hinkley, Isaac Gardner, Wm C Doraan, B R Weeks, W A Folger,
M Furbush, D I Swain, O Coleraan, Wra H Rayraond, Rt Lee, Horace
Sylvester, J E Elliott, J F Worth, Oliver James, P B Coffin, Alex Ray
mond, G W Keene, J B Morse, Thos Derrick. J P Clesby, J B Whippey,
S C Harris, A H Dennison, E G Clark, Wra Keene, J W Hallet, F Lau
rence, F C Gardner, E S Folger, P M Coffin, W L Cofl[in, R B Gardner,
G G Maey, J G Thorapson, Paul Bunker, C G Cash, J T Sylvia, H J
Turner, J W Watsoui R Gillespie, H J Starbuck, J F Coffin, A S Coffin.
Ship Manchester from Nantucket, arrived in San Francisco,
June, '50 :
Job Coleman, C Barnard, James Pitman, J Uphara, Wm Fisher, Al
fred Folger, G H Barnard, B T Morris, G W Sandford, J A Ray, C R
Manter, R I Coffin, E C James, F H Ray, D R Coleraan, Obed Worth,
J FHarrett, Elijah Pease, Geo Allen.
Ship Citizen from Nantucket, arrived in San Francisco June '50 :
O C Coffin, N F Coffin, J Barrett, F P Starbuck, Geo Worth, Ichabod
Backus, R Swain, Wm G Coffin, C H Hussey, Thos King, Geo Clark, B
W Chase, R F Maey, Arnold Chase, T W Maey, Obed Smhh, Lot
Palmer, Simeon Jenkins, John Scott, W C Folger, G K Long, John
Crowell, Gilbt Coffin, 3 Hodges, J R Quinell.
Ship Scotland from Boston, arrived in San Francisco May '50 :
B T Folger, Obed Coffin, C Barrett. S Snow, Chas Worth, Reuben
Cressey, Shubell Russell, G W Chase, Francis Worth, E A Pease. Abram
Ewer, Edraond Folger, W C Folger, A W Chase.
Ship Japan, from Nantucket, arrived in San Francisco, '49.
H Bigelow, S Bunker, A D Bunker, R C Chace, Geo Coleman, F B
Smith, S S Pinkhara, A C Backus, R S Thorapson, John Luce, O C
Luce. Edgar Lovell. J Sylvia, J Francis. E R 'Worth, Timothy Bigelow,
Ed Baldwin, Howard Sraith, T Montgoraery.
Brig J. E. Butler, from Nantucket, arrived Nov., '49.
F F Gardner, Peleg Ray, J W Bates, S Sherman, T J Remelaw, LT>
Fisher, E H Fisher, Moses Fisher, J W Fisher, G B Coffin, J C Fish,
Warren Fisher, W B Grant, D M Aetlington, J B Whittins, G G Aet-
lingten, Cornelius Homer, 'W B Swain, 'W B Bunker.
Ship Sarah Parker, from Nantucket, arrived in San Francisco
Nov., '49:
G H Cathcart, J C Coffin, N Parker, C C Maey, Alex C Pinkham,
Wra Bruce, Chas WUson, John Francis, Lewis BeU, Wm James, Jas
Clothier, G C Pinkhara, Geo Enos, H C James, C T Meader, G C
Allen, Allen Smith, Job Briggs, A P Jones, Wra O Myrick, E Coles-
worthy, J Colesworthy, Shubael Hussey, Paul Clewsby, M C Pinkham,
Augs Osborn, V J Swain, I G Smith, T H Cannon, G H Andrews, T R
Coffin, C E Haden, G W Gibbs, J Codd, R C Washburn.

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 465
Schooner Gazelle, from New Bedford, Feb. 13th:
John Merrill, E W Heywood, J C Currier, F S Howland, Daniel B
Aikens, Saral SmaU, Leander Potter, Eli WoedeU, W E Charabers, R
S Sraith, J W Bowles, Nat Howland, J H Coggeshall.
Schooner Emeline, from New Bedford, March fith:
Dan AUen, Jes Lewis, Seth Hathaway, Geo Reed, Nelson Bourne,
Chas Flagg, J H Brown, Neheraiah West, Jn Nichols, W D Jaraes, N.
R Stetson, Hy Cook, J G Baker, Capt Frank Bourne, Benj Brownell,
Dd Brownell, J R Potter, Jere Reynolds, Obed Eldridge, Geo EUis,
H N Curaraings, C E Alray, S Richards, Jos Burgess.
Bark Helen Augusta sailed May 12th :
F W Myrick, A L Adams, C C Dane, Isaac Sawyer, J H Conant, Josh
Leavitt, J B WiUiaras, D E Coleraan, W L Knowles, J P Hedge, M C*
White, T Bickerton, F B Casas, J L Crossett, W R Mellen, Prentice
Hobbs, B L White, Mr Davis, J H Jacobs, T J Anderson, C W Conant,
Joel Simpson, Alf Bailey, H K Hitchings, T F M Berry, H Learned, Jos
Palmer, Geo Damon, P H Jacobs, Wm Reith, I H Southwick, Jos
Northey, Wm Ashley, J H Bradley, J S Tappan, Jn Caldwell, Rd Fowler,
C A Bradley, G L Mansfield, D W Payson, J C Ackerraan, T H Gould, Jn
Hurley, J W Soraerby, L D French, H Collins, D M Deal, G Nason, J P
French, C C Kingsbury, Buy Quinn, W H Dunyer, M M Darae, J P
Ward, J C Sawyer, Geo Buckman, Kneeld Farnum, C W Thompson, J B
Littlefield, Thads WisweU, G W Cook, H Warden.
Bark Susan Lane sailed May ist :
J R.Buder, Jn Givens, G W Adaras, Jn Gilbert, T P Litdefield, Pat
Mathews. H J Keene, Wm Edraends, J M Davis, Ths Murphy, J A South-
worth, S E Cook.
Brig Chatham, May 14th :
E & J Isnard, G J Jeffries, J R Bradford, T P Sliaw, T Cusack, T W
Frelan, Jn Vroera, W Locke, G V Knight, Jn Prince, D F Dodge. I G
Hodge, W Coleraan, Wra Walden, J C Huffington, W R Tibbetts, Jn
Miller, J S Phillips, J Gregory, B F Graves, Andw Waddisen, E J Flinn,
J R Paddleford, A K Vanderwalker, M W Weston, W V Wallace, J H
Jourdan, A P Crowell.
Schooner J. W. Herbert, Feb. 21st :
W C Waters, Thos Brooks, B S Grush, Josh Hale, Warren Prince, E
M Chapraan, Wm Warner, D E Parker, W E Cox, Hy Danforth, Jere
Horton, D C Huntoon, M Doraraick, G Dresser, L E Taylor, G B Meri
man, Rt McCloy, Jas Hewes, jr, G W Copeland, A B NewhaU, Gidn Low,
W A Syraonds, J G Nelson, Jothn Blaney, Hy Fowler, I Kelcy, C Rob
inson, Geo Foster, J C Walton, J McGaffy, C F Boyden, Stephen
Jones. Schooner Edwin, March ist :
Wra Watson, Mr Mansfield, Mr Wentworth, Sam Frost, Jas Davis, Jn
Howard, Levi Heward, S E AUen, J S Scott, H Dunlap, Francis Sadler,
H Jameson, Dr Tibbets, Dr Adaras, Moses Brown, Wm Kidder, J M
Moore, R M Thorapson, H L Lyford, C Sanborn, J J Eastman. T D

466 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Sanger, E M Moore, D O Nelson, B G Frost. Arthr Branger, Jas Bor
den, G C Todd.
Bark Thames, March ist :
Jas T Olrastead, I H Gardner, H A Webster. W L Wilbur. A T
Bolkcora, Jn Belcher, Jas Hastings, Josiah Johnson, Chas S Jenkins,
J A MorriU, Dani Choate. I S Parker, Phineas Davis. Jas Sprague.
Jerrett Sprague, Jos Brown, jr, E B Mclntire, B S Gilraan, A D
Sraith, J W Gressman, Philip Briggs, C B Hall, W B Congdon, Albrt
Johnson, A H Winslow, Saral Eldridge, DWG Gaskill, B A Dud
ley, Jacob Marshall, S D Loud, C H HalL S H Chadboume, Alfred
Titcorab, Ichbd Titcomb.
Ship Oxnard sailed June 23d:
? J E Nutting, W R Wolcott, Geo Hutchinson, J L Nutting, H Mc
Grath, Jn Woolaver, Calvin Blood, Chas Wyraan, Ezkl Upton, W R
Bailey, Gidn Jennings, Zeph Haven, J W Crosby, Caleb Whitney, G J
Whitney, C R Bond, D A Elwell, Rev E P Bond, D D MitcheU, Hamltn
Moses, A G Bowles, E W BrintnaU, N Dodge, D G Fuller, Paul Pryor.
S Lyon, Cyrus Lyon.
Ship Vistula sailed June 26th :
Thos Scott, H G Peirce, N D Grover, Phldr Paddock, H S Carr,
J F Stewart, J M Paddock, Robt Fary, M A Sirapson, A W MarshaU.
Ship Constantine sailed June 30th:
Albt Worden, J T Walker, S S Manson, Araos Chase, jr, F H Tovier,
Otis Soul, H Winsor, A C Moore, J A HaU.
Brig Patapsco sailed July nth:
S H Dearborn, F A Rutherford, Mthw Bridge, Jn Hutchinson. Hy'
Everleth, Miss M A Coffin, Capt Moore and wife, W Lenox, CaptS
Brown and Yates.
Bark Belasco, Feb. loth:
Wm Roberts, Hy Cleaveland, E. W Bucklin, Wra Lanes, Capt Spen
cer, T W Sayce, I Nickerson, C J Richardson, C G Cooke, D A Jenks.
Wm H Johnson, J Smith, J D Young, A Reynolds, Eben Baker, Free
raan Winn, S B Mowry, J Terapleraan, Ezra Baker, O Baker. J McCor-
corraick, Natl Baxter, H Carter, L B Read, J Horton, Geo Huraes,
Davis Perry, H L Perry, Wm P Bonney, Thos Saunders, S G Pierce, H
Bowen, Saml Graham, H B Cushraan, W H Chace, Abra Sears, Wm
Hathaway, John Read, L A Maxey, O Arnold, J D Page, L P Burt.
Paul Dexter, Abra Fletcher, Nelson Chace, Jonthn Larabert, J A Rey
nolds, A A Andrews, C J RandaU, F E Fish, Jn Atkinson. Wm L Shep
ard, Aifd Messenger, Elsha Brown, H G WUliams, G W Murray, S A
Elsbree, Nathl Shepardson, W H Allen, H Austin, S N Leonard, J M
Burgess. Thos Reed, Jas McCarty, Robt Taft, G W Sayles, Lewis Fales,
Francis Kett, Wra Kelly, J C Cady, N B Jenks, L W Fisher, O Perrin,
jr., Allen Taylor, L C Wade, W A Mowry, H M Arnold, S P Capron,
Lucius Nourse, Leond Walker, W P Parsons, F E Pierce, Benj Sraith.
H A Ike, C E Skinner, W Whipple.

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 467
Ship York, April ist:
J W Cartwright, C J Hall, J H Barnes, C W Sraith, F W Whitiraore.
C H Hubbard, Alf Wheelright, N H WeUs, N H Pepper, E M Dennie,
G W Miner, W H Thayer, T R CampbeU, I B Thompson, J W Cart
wright, jr, Robt R Lear, A L Melvin, G N Cheever, Geo Drew, Enoch
Soule, E Wadsworth, Jos Trumbull, W H Barrett, F C Eiver, A O Gay,
Jn Colby, J A Spooner, Jn Cheever, Sydney Ainsworth, R H Hooper,
I Littlefield, H T Burr, Theo Bassett, Clmt SraaU, I M WiUiams, Geo
Baily, F B Clark, C A Swift.
Brig Planet, April 2d :
Hy Pratt, J H Parker, H S Bates, C K Cutting, Arteraus Thorndike,
Geo Adams, Geo Stoddard, Jas Bates, J A Cousens, Zealous Bates, Chs
Bourne, J Briggs, jr, Mani King, G S Smith, G W Stoddard, Otis Barnes,
Isaac Pratt, ART HUvern, Elijah Marble, F A Bates, Chs Curtis, Geo
Bradford, Israel Vinal, D P Eldridge, S B Barstow, G J acobs, Ezekiel
Morse, Prescott Whitcomb, Hy Hunt, J R Hall, L Stoddard.
Brig Metropolis from Beverly, Nov. 23d :
Nathl P Sheldon, Vi/^m H Cole, Wm Davis, John C Foster, Moses
Low, George Thissell, John E Porter, Israel Trask, Emerson McKenzie,
John C Bennett, Eben EUingwood, jr, John W Quiner, John Fisher,
WiUiam A Friend, William B Withaw, George Runnels, Charles H
Hodgkins, William T Trask, jr, Samuel R Noyes, John L Webber, Jona
O Holden, Charles F Pousland, Benjarain Dodge, Melvin Nesraith,
Stephen A Woodbury, Daniel A Waite, jr, Gowen Wilson, John B
Grant, — Mclntire, William F Perry, George Story, J B Burnhara, G L
Goldsmith, George C Clairbone, S R Bartlett, Niles Whittier, John R
Allen, Charles A Mayhew, George Morgan, Ephraira Morgan.
Brig Antares, Sept, 23d :
WiUiara Leach, Charles Winslow, John Stone, Josepn Duvin, David
Boynton, Joseph S Brown and Richard Caswell.
Ship Crescent from Salem, Dec. 6th :
Albert Lackey, Henry W Haskell, Thoraas J Gifford, Dean C Sy
monds, John Madison, Thoraas Dickson, jr, Charles C Burnhara, Enos
G Haynes, Ralph S Gordon, Williara Hardy, John H Newton, Jonathan
Davis, Eben Waters, Nath'l Jenkins, John D Chappel, Ed A Wheeler,
George S Nichols, John P Dickson, Joshua Pope, Getman Andrews.
Israel Herrick, Charles L Hardy, Wm Graves, Asa A Whiting, Wm H
Searles, James Gardner, Payne Morse, Benj S Boardman, Sarauel H
Larrabee, John Nichols, Warren B Colburn, Soloraon Cashman, Robert
H Pratt, Parmenas Pratt, W C Eastman, Josiah C White, Charles K
White, Hazen Sanborn, Stephen S Gilman, L D Sargent, Wm B Cross,
J A Merriam, J P Brown, G J McGregor, Sarauel V Clark, John Gibson,
Henry R Neal, H E Brickett, WUliara P Buffum, D Sprague, William
Sprague, A M Barker, Charles H Harvey, Edward A Morse, James Max
field, Abbot Sraith, Alonzo Young, Dudley Evans. Andrew J Center.
Ivens J Phillips.
Bark La Grange, Sept., 1849:
Capt J Dewing, M S Prime, D Bray, J Howe, J Butraan, H J Brown,
C A DoU, J K Vincent, B F Woodbury, J H Pitraan, W Bogardus, C T?

468 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Story, T B Hoyt, N Delap, W W Wilkins, J McCloy, E Southwick, C
C Teal, J Bardett, T B Flowers. J C Kerap, R Harrington, J J Whip
ple, A Francis, N Bovey, P Gilman. A W Merrill, H F Bogardus, H A
Tuttie, J W Cone, F Story, A Harrington, S Elliott, G Harris, A C
Kitfield, W P Leavitt, E Chapraan, J R Hawson, C E Brown, E "Wood
bury, W F Morgan, R Austin, Wra Sinclair, J H Stewart. W W Dodd,
A EUiott, D W Couch, S Keyser, A C Howell, E Fuller. Wra H Southie.
C Weeks, W H Sibbey, L Saunders, F K Ballou, O A Gordon, J H
Dakin, D A Nichols, J R Batchelder, W F Putnara, A Ware, B F Syra
onds, Wra Brown, N Osgood.
Ship Henry Astor, from Nantucket, Sept., '49.:
G F Joy, A H Coffin, O F Fosdick, J Q Chase, T Hinckley, Alex C
FuUer, Dani Bladgen, S King, E M Bartlett, J M BarteU, Jos Brown.
Reed Getchell, H Coleraan, 2d. J F Swain, A M Myrick, R P Eldridge,
B F Ray, B F Ray, jr, C H Gibbs, S Barnard, jr, W S Hight, Gideon
Worth, E A Swain, S Woodward, G F Bunker, jr, C B Myrick, H P
McCleane, C G Coggeshall, Seth Folger, G G Mitchell, A J Meader.
Stephen Luce. W S Arthur. W S Barnard, S L Coffin, Chas A Taber,
G G Nixon, W R Starbuck, A H Hinckley, Geo Winslow, W W Allen,
C L Groves. Andw Gardner, J Sturtevant, B M Richter, F H MitcheU,
Isiah Gorhara, E H Bennett, T J Cathcart, C S Bunker, C A Granger,
J A Hozier, Robt Sylvester, S D Blount, J F Chase, jr, W C Holmes, I
F Hinckley, I Thorapson, E P Coffin, Geo F Allen, N P Centland, G
W Lewis, Dd Patterson, Davis Hall, Wm Wood, Geo Backus, J F Al-
hearn, O O Folger, B L Wood, E M Hinckley, Wra Patterson. Amos
Rider, Jn Husser, Jos Nickerson, Wm J Pinkham, Geo Orpin, Rd Maey,
Isaac Gardner, R Manter, J Hussey, G H Brock, Wm McCleane, Saral
Fisher, H Cleavelance, Albt Austin, W C Doraan, J Pearce, A A
Gardner, Francis Brown, Jas Adaras, A Swain, G L Clasby, G N Rid
dell, Paul Warren.
Bark Diamond, from New Bedford, February 3 :
P Pierce, H Churchill, G Whitbeck, S D Barnes, E E.Lucas, F B
Sylvester, T L Davenport, J Lewis, J E Carnell, H Johnson, C Cleave
land, W H Gibbs, A A Thomas, J L Gray, A J Tilton. Z Tilton, J M
Weaver, T W Thurston, J A Dies, Chas Hood, J Williamson, Jos Chase.
Jabez Pierce, R H Purrington, G Presbury, J Woodworth, A Borden,
Rd Hopwood, W C Ball, Ed Kershaw, J S Carpenter, P H Chase, J R
Hood, W Cobb, J Briggs, S L James, J G Brown, G W Chase, H Rey
nolds, Thos Brown, J F DevoU, P Strobridge, P Sherman, W 'W Mason,
Terrance Coyle, M M Lucas, G F Tribon, M M Keith, J S BrowneU, R
S. Lovell, R P Raynard, G W Smith, John Carr, U H White, J R Corey,
Dr H McGee.
Ship America, from New Bedford, Mass., April 3d, 1849 '•
Wm P Haskins, C W Haskins, G W Colwell, Jereraiah Brownell,
Oliver Hart, Gustavus Delano, T A Butler, Sylvester Manchester, S P
Haskins, H T Davis, J D C Taber, Archibald Ward, G J Page, GUbert
Carter, Benj Crapo, G F Jones, A. M Farnsworth, Moses H Kelsey, John
King, C G Davis, Wra Welch, S P Litde, Andrew Allen, Job Wilcox, S
Macoraber, Elisha Doane, J B Smith, Lewis Beach, Benj Marfield, Hy
Woodruff, Barnard Sraith, H C Rogers, C F Nickerson, Chas Siraraons,

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 469
C G TUton, Nathan Johnson, Geo Bailey Philip Porter, A G Franklin,
Wm C Ford, Davis Trowbridge, Geo Sever, Chas Russell, D Lemden,
J H Ricketson, J C Negus, T B Masury, Dan Butder, G W Bearse, L
B Chase, Abner Potter, Major BrowneU, Edward Kellen, Henry Dyre.
S McKenzie. T D Kerapton, Peter Nelson, J B BurreU. J M Tilton,
Benj Johnson, Noah White, Wra Winston, J F Reed, B M BedeU,
Orville Buck, Geo Sever, jr, Wra Pettil^one, Fred Ricketson, Jacob
Smith, I N Potter, P L Thurston, Capt Snow.
Bark Russell, from New Bedford, Mass :
R Calder. R M Coffin, Geo Cofiin, 2d, Wra Hunter, W C Myrick, E S
Coffin, A C Bunker, A C Barney, A C Folger, G P Coleman, Geo Pad
dock, 2d, H C Maey, 2d, C C Hamblin, C H Swain, Wm Reynolds, Geo
Sprague, G F Whippey, C Cushraan, D A Meader, P H Folger, Wm H
Westgate, J W Eldridge, Mettiah Fisher, J Praro, A HiUraan, F Bond,
E G Cofiin. C;F Coleraan, Ed Allen, Wm P Prescott, F C Chase, C H
Gardner, Reuben Chadwick, Wra D Sylvia, Wra Bond, Wra Chadwick.
J Townsend. Jas Lawrence, F F Hussey, C S Wyer, Mrs F B Folger.
Schooner Horace, New Bedford, May 17th :
Capt RandaU, Dani Perry, R W Hathaway, J Maguire, J C Grinnell.
C H Edwards, Jos Watkins, C Crosby, Jos Fuller, S S Wordell, Eben
Benson, Sl Fellows. A B Nye, Ellis Nightingale, Eben Skiff, S B Gur
ney, Stphn Smith, Jas Cornell, Wm Thomas, J B Brown, Chas Scott.
Ship Mayflower, from New Bedford, March 24th :
G Randall, J B Meader, Alex Hathaway, Dr J H Drinker, C H Ran
dall, M McLaughlin, E C Clark, Lloyd Brooks, Geo Fletcher, Dan Sul
ivan, Thos Buchanan, G R Deane, Wm Merrihew,Josh Grinnell, Hardy
Hitch, Dr Ezra Thompson, A S Taylor, W B Hicks, Albt Seabury, Fred
Gifford, Isaac Howland, Jas Manchester, Brd Coggshall, G B Macom
ber, Jas Bassett, R C Hicks, Lewis Albert, Irsl Washburn, J H Wash
burn, L Brightman, C Allen, C Ball, E S Gifford, E F Stone, Geo
Pierce, D K Ritche, H Jenkins, J F Dexter, F B Howes, Jas Smellee, R
C Randall & Son, T B Meader, I S Chadwick, W S Church. Thomas
Stead, J P Mantor, H C Johnson, W J Pierce, Wm Lindley, S K Leach,
S Warren, J H Whaley, McPherson Barnitz, Oliver Allen, Josh Doe,
J H Rhodes, Robt Williaras, J Crosby, Jas Huse.
Brig Tremont, from New Bedford, Feb. loth :
C D Cushman, G A Simraons, C F Ruggles, Abner Pitts, Moses H
SekeU, E W Hacket, W S Pierce, I W Record, J T Sekell, G W Tucker,
H Pierce, A C Nelson, Alphs Orcott, J A SekeU, E R Armington, J T
Weaver, J H Lewis, C P Ellis, Eben Leach, J E Western, S L Pierce,
Francis Booth, Adra Briggs.
Schooner John AHyne, frora New Bedford, Mass :
Capt A BrowneU, B F Bourne, Levi W Wait, T W Swift, F F Ney, P
S Mayhew, Wra D AUen, J D Parker, H A Ricketson, Isaac Moore, C
B Haydin, Chrisn White, Nathl Gifford, Ira BuflBngton, D Brayton, jr,
Wra Bruce, J N Munro, J W Braley, I F Terry, Fdk Crapo, Sarauel
Davis, Geo Hall, D Howland, B A Baker, B C Munroe.

470 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Ship Obed MitcheH, from New Bedford, Mass., March 27th:
G S Cox, £ B Hunt, F Wells, C E Taylor, W~H Clark, GMN Cooper,
B F Pollard, J S Brayton, Rbt Hall, J J Jarvis, B F Stone, Jn Warren,
Miss C Barnard, J H Kimball, Lewis Cowell, D P Bodfish and wife, W
A Cooper, A W Cutts, H M BuUen, J F Citner, Jn Seaward, Chs Rob
bins, E Prescott, E L Lothrop, R A Gilmore, Abt Turner, J A Rigby.
Arteraas Rigly, E P Treat, W H Ramsdell, H L Francis, Dd Woodward,
Josiah Wedgwood, W H Cox, W T Cox, H M Whitney, Jas Hyde, Jas
Thompson, C H Craig, Jn Murphy, Chs Morrill, S S Wentworth, Jos
Shephard, Bj Givings, J R Richards, W Crockett. C H Russell, Arthur
Thing. Chs Rider. Rd Pendergast, Samuel Tucker, Chs Williams, G S
Matherson, ''
Brig Vesta, from Edgartown, April loth :
Ozander Mayhew Rd Norton, Eph Pool, Jared Pool, Austin Smith,
R N Smith. Hillard Mayhew, Alp Look. Dectr, Skiff, Ariel Luce. Dr G
N HaU. Jacob Gifford, Palrar Wood, A J Roulstone, Geo Buttler.
Matthew Coffin. Geo Chase. Jonthn and Frank Mayhew,
Ship Florida, sailed August ist :
Capt J S Robinson, Arza Fish, N S Howard, A G Tripp, B T Briggs.
Levi Tinkhara. H D Scott, Albt Liscorab, J N Gifford, W N Alden, K
E Pope, N S Stoddard, Rold Delano, J I Maxfield, Hy Stetson, Alf
Jenny, Eph Delano, B F Beetle, Chs Daraon, W D Swan, Lorng Dexter,
E N Fish, Ansel D Bourne, Brad Hathaway, Wra L Rodman, L T Terry,
W W Allen, Jos Williams, W H Harrison, Wash Sraith. P F Piper,
Suraner Dexter, A G Nye, A C Fish. M Lawrence, Noah Clark. Andw
CrosweU, Wra Stackpole. Hy Fitch. 'W G Robinson. Francis Stoddard.
Ship Magnolia, from New Bedford, February Sth, 1849 :
John F Pope, Mrs Pope and child, Mrs Simmons (Captain's wife),
Dr H White, Mrs White, Mrs P Hoxie, Miss A Marchant, Benjamin
Worth, Revillo Swain, J R Potter, John Hoskins, Jaraes H Crocker,
Franklin Perry, John King, W W RusseU, E Porter, C Carpenter, Geo
Payson, Charles Payson, Sarauel BarreU, F W Silbey, Wm P Hallet,
Wra Norton, Sarauel H Foster, Wm S Wilson, C S Spaulding, — Cad-
well, M Collins, Geo B Read, Sarauel H Taber, F N Billings, Henry
Baker, H WiUiaras, A Gifford, G H Sraith, B S Shove,— Stewart.
Jaraes Cook, E H Burney, M Sullivan, E H Tobey, N Roderick. Jaraes
Webb, jr, J P Henderson, Wm Bly, E S Hafford, E H Wade, Otis Man
chester, Jaraes Bates, Thoraas Whitesides, Edwin Luce, Wm Gifford, E
F Slocura, Fredk T Howland, T H Price, L G Brown, P H Brackett, J
B Price, Jesse Gifford, G A Clark, G G Gifford, H N HiUs, Jaraes An
thony, Wm C Thorapson, Bartlett Allen, Wm A Libbey, Alborne Allen,
Alxr Delano, Thomas G Bradford, A Barstow, D Barstow, H B Pierce,
E Glover, G A Munroe, Wm T Ward, Allen Hooper, J B Thoraas, Rob
ert Garr, J T Vail, Jethro Soule, Stephen Gifford, F Macomber, H
Hayward, A S Hathaway, F A Hathaway, Geo D Slade, Horace Slade,
E tJ Chase. Bradford Simmons, Jehn HoUand, C A Delano, N S Jack
son. The crew were Forty-niners who worked their passage :
B F Siraraons, captain. S I Raymond, mate, N Parlow, 2d mate, W H

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 471
Cook, Job Wilcox, D Croucher, E V Gilman, H B Keene, E Hathaway,
P Hoxey, E O Parker, N J Thompson, B Stoddard, W F Reed, A
Roundsville, A Pease, 'W Ross, F Delano.
Bark Yeoman, frora Plyraouth, Mass., March i8th :
Captain J M Clark, S Blankinship, Jn Clark, Th Brown, Geo CoUing
wood, Nat Covington, F R Robins, J E Churchill, R Sv/inturn, N G
Cushing, Hy Chase, Wra CoUingwood, W N Gifford, A O Nelson, F B
Holmes, Nathn ChurchUl, T Collins, N S Barrows, H M Hubbard, H B
Holmes, Alf Doten, Ellis Rogers, Ellis Barnes, G P Fowler, Wra Saun
ders, R B Dunhara. H M Morton, C C Bradford, S M ChurchUl, E W
Kingman, Ozin Bates, CT)unhara, J T Wadsworth, W B Barnes, T
T Rogers, Ed Morton, W J Dunham, Ags Robbins, S Everson, G A
Bradford, Jn Ward.
Brig Attilla, January 13th :
Charles H Webster, Joseph L Weston, Ellis H Morton, Williara Ran
dall, Ephrara Finney, Thomas C Smith, Rufus Holraes,
Schooner WiHiara A Tarlton, frora Newburyport, October 15th,
1849: Wra E Davis, Dr Dilwyn S Varrey, George L Cleraent, Enoch T
Collins, Major Theodore F HoweU, Edwin Locke, John S Hoyt, Charles
Batchelder, James Woodbury, 'WiUiara Gray, Joseph Poor, Rufus
Pierce, John McCarrison, Eben T Wood, Joseph Nowell.
Bark Diamond, from New Bedford, Mass., Feb. 3, '49 :
Joseph .Chase; R H Purrington, Jn Woodworth, R Harpwood, Ed
mund Kershaw, P H Chase, Walter Cobb, S S James, G W Chase.
Thos Brown, PhUip Strobridge, Jabez Pierce, Geo Presburry, Alex
Borden, W G Bell, J S Carpenter, J R Wood, Jas Briggs, J G Brown.
Hirara Reynolds, Jas F DevoU, Presby Sherman, Capt R P Reynard.
G W Smith, Jn Casin, W W Mason, Nc M Lucas, Marcus M Keith, J
S Brownell, R S Lovell, Terrence Coyle, G F Tribon, David P Pierce,
Geo Whitlock, S D Barnes, F B Silvester, Jackson Lewis, J E Cornell,
Dr Hy McGee, Wm F Gibbs, Jos J Gray, Zedoc Tilton, T W Thurston,
Chas Hood, Hiram Churchill, N H 'White, Augs E Lucas, Thos L
Davenport, Jn R Cory, Harrison ^Jackson, C G Cleaveland, Albert A
Thoraas, A J Tilton, J M Weaver,"j A Dias, Jas WiUiamson.
Ship Ward Henry, frora New Bedford, Feb. i6th :
Capt Church, E Wrightington, J P Lawrrnce, B S Kanuse, Jn Terry,
Jas Haramond, jr, J H Robiner, E S Jenney, "W C Eldridge, G F Cas-
ley, J S Taber, Geo Delano, Fdk Wilcox, G D Bisbee, P Servey, C R
Brown, Alien Sherman, H B Wood, J Sparrow, Mason Rogers, Wm
Ruggles, Jos Coe, J B Coe, E W Taylor, Lorenzo Smith, C H Grey, J
M Alden.
Schooner Pomona, from New Bedford, Feb. 3:
Holder Almy, E P Mesher, P Gifford, Wra Pennman, P Hunt, Levi
Nye, Isiah Nye, T Tobey, P B Devol, A Sawyer, J Chapraan, Freeraan
Bartlett, G Gifford, E Gifford.

472 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Bark Perseverance, frora Providence, R. I., June 15th :
Capt G Heath, Wra Perry, Gt Richraond, S A Corastock, E B Dor
rance, D S LinneU, Merritt Andrews, Rev T D and Mrs Sturtevant,
Capt L Kelley, J R Ray, J P Butts, J H Horton, Jn Noyes, Jn Martin,
Wra Moore, G Foster, D Winslow, G B Wheeden, J W Cady, W E Van-
niper, Wra Nichols, J W Spink, J B & H B Arnold, J Knight, W Stan-
fleld, A E Thurber, S O Hopkins, Sheln Knight, Ovin Mowry, James
Brown, S N Ross, Sabin Broure, Stephn Handy, G A Young, C Gibbs,
C H Lapham, Nathnl Comstock, Sral Baxter, W R Beiser, Chs Heath,
W Arnold, W M Potter, Thos HiU, RusseU Card, D J Cavalier, E L
Cavalier, Jas Wardrope, D B Westcott, D H Taft, Eph Walker, SUas
Weston. Ship South Araerica, from Providence, R I., Sept. 8th :
B F Fenner, Geo Shedd, Ezek Tallman, Wm F Haramond, GW
Webster, JHN Gardner, J H Bullock, Miron W Smith, Wm M Web
ster, BurriU Arnold, Josiah Kinnecut, YJ Blanding, Dani Angell, jr.
Hy C Peck, Edwd A Everett, Hy W Ellis, S H Chapin, Albert Cleve
land, M K Thurber, T T Easterbrook, Hy Rencher, R L Kelley, A W
Eldred, Jabez Bullock, N M Chaffee, H P Angell, Dani Tift, H W Le
mon, Jabez W Jencks, H M Claflin, Chas Harris, Thos R Wilbur, Jas
Burdick, C H Dunham, D Y Burr, P D Greene, D P Eddy, S H Davis,
A C Gardner, B D Chace, N B Fenner, J M Chambey, W P Sebury,
Jas Snow, P M Bowen. J H Bradford, E F ChUd, Rodman Sweet, L G
Nickersoii, Isaac C Battey, J H Cole, W C Barker, E R M Jipson,
Dr H Hubbard, M Waterman, Saral Potter, jr, E Sherraen, R W Dex
ter, R M Anisson, Abel- Woods, Hy Nichols, Jn Dean, G B HiU, C C
Greene, W A Remington, Cropen Taylor, A K Aidrich, — Allen, Wm
Pierson, Wra Murdock, A S Hood, — Sevin, Wra Rowe, N Y Titus, G
S Simmons, T P Marshall, W H Lawton, C W Hopkins, Joshua Clarke,
C H KeUey, E G Pierce, Y J Hasker, Ods Phillips, H C Hazard, W R
Wilbur, H Bowen, A C Titus, R Mathewson, J Gardiner, H C Chace,
L C MerrUl, Martin W Thurber, Y H AngeU, E Brown, J G Smith,
Chas Cine, W H Tripp, E Blanchard, J A Potter.
Stearaer Crescent City, from New York, company of pioneers
from Providence, R. I., crossed the Isthmus :
W H Reynolds, W H Benton, an Andrews, T G Dana, Chas Wiley.
Wm Chandler, N B Gardiner.
Schooner Rialto, from Holmes Hole, Feb. 7th, 1849 :
Wra Merry, Geo B Manchester and Zenas DUlinghara, War
ren Luce, Jireh Luce, George Luce, John Robinson, Thos Robinson
Alphonso Smith, Wm F Daggett, Benj Merry, Benj West, Abm Chase
Richard Hursell and Rev Geo Denhara.
Brig Vesta, from Edgartown, April loth :
Richard Norton, Austin Sraith, Rufus N Smith, Ephra Poole, Alfred
Look, HUUard Mayhew, Stephen D Skiff, Geo N HaU, M D, Ariel Luce.
Jacob Clifford, George Chase, George Butler, Franklin Mayhew, Andrew
Roulstone, Jonathan Mayhew. Matthew Vincent, jr, Matthew Coffin,
Thos P Wood.

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 473
Ship Walter Scott, from Edgartown, May 7th :
Daniel Crane, Jaraes McNiel, Moses McNiel, Wra H Leonard, John W
Coffin, Daniel C Pease, James M Coombs, John A Pease, Edmund
Lewis, Henry H Marchant, Hiram Jernegan, Jereraiah Robinson, Wm
H Coffin, Charles Mayhew, Theodore Fisher, Oliver M Vincent, Mayhew
A Robinson, Isaiah D Pease, jr, Samuel S Stuart, Isaac D Pease, Wm R
Norton, Charles B Norton, Matthew P Norton, Charles W Pease.
Charles A Bunting, Prince S Hart. Tristram E Butler, Edward Smith,
Henry M Norton, WUliam A Pease, Sylvester H Fisher, Ichabod Luce.
Theodore A Mayhew, Freeman Butler, jr, Charles Bunker, David Beetle,
Nathan Bassett, William Goff, James Weeks, Wm S Weeks, Joseph
Nickerson, Henry Chase, Sarauel Look.
Bark Sarah, from Edgartown, Sept. 3d :
Charles Worth, Henry H Smith, Saml W Lewis, Benj Kidder, jr,
Charles W Smith, Wm H King, Elijah Stewart, Jona H Munroe, Nich
olas Stark, Andrew B Fuller, Gamaliel Fisher, Daniel Dexter, Elihu S
Wimpenney, Frederick Pease, Tisdale S Look, Stephen Rayraond, Peter
Esau, John Modley, Supply B Norton, Samuel N Davis, Robert F Nor
ton, Charles Huxford, John W Knowlton, Seth Marchant, 2d, Daniel
Fisher, 2d, Joseph Gray, Charles Francis, Wra W Butler, Wra Pent,
Charles E Lewis, Jaraes Curtis, Jose Salas, Benj Clark, Fredk Wertner,
Wm H Maey, Edward Crocker, Thoraas T Mayhew, Wm Tilton, jr,
James N Tilton, Joseph Mayhew, jr, Clement Norton, Mayhew Look,
Hervey Weeks, Joseph B Nickerson, Ulysses P Luce, Wra P Sanford,
Thos C Smith,- Samuel E May, Joseph S Belcher.
Ship Splendid, from Edgartown, Sept. 20th :
John S Smith, Barzillai N Fisher, Thoraas M Pease, Edward Mayhew,
Samuel A Briggs, Nathan Mayhew, 2d, William Mayhew, jr, Williara
Osborn, Jarnes B Osborn, Charles Cleveland, Richard W Coffin, Thomas
G Cofiin, Charles H Bunker, Abisha S Cleveland, Benjamin Stewart,
James H Bunting, Samuel O Fisher, WiUiam Dunham, Joseph Wilbur,
Joseph Cleveland, Richard B Marchant, Daniel Keniston, Daniel Smith,
Samuel C Sraith, Charles Vincent, Williarn Simpson, Thomas T Powers.
Enoch C Cornell, Charles G Athearn, jr, John S Norton, Chs P Smith,
Joseph Sprague, Cyrus Jernegan, WUliara H Matthews, William Buck
ley, Pardon B Smith, WiUiara Cleveland, Solomon Norton, Barzillai C
Luce, lohn Crowell, Jaraes Winslow, Joseph Dexter, Alphonso D Luce,
Mayhew Norton, Benj Hillman, John Luce, George W Smith, Grafton
Luce, Elijah L Sraith, George Luce, Allen Dunhara, John L Pease, Wil
liara B Mayhew, WiUiara Jeffers, Paul Cuff, Levi Cuff, Hebron Wans
ley, jr, J W HoUister, George L Clasby, Alpheus R Baker, Josiah T Mc
Lellan, Jaraes Davis, William W Gifford. Stephen Barker. Tiraothy C
Osborn, Watson S Butler.
Schooner L. M. Yale, frora Holmes Hole, October, '49 :
Otis Sraith, WUUara Daggett, 2d, Warren Cleveland, George Cleve
land, Charles H Peakes, John B Perry, Charles E Cleveland, — Luce,
Ira F Luce, Hirara Luce, Prince Athe?rn, Granville Manter, — Skiff,
Daniel Luce, jr, Hirara Luce, jr, — Rotch, Osborn C Tilton, Joseph
Athearn, Abrahara M Gifford, Johnson Simpson.

474 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Schooner Two Brothers, from Holmes Hole, Aug. 14th :
Edward Baldwin, Wm Larabert, Elisha Dexter, Joseph H Holraes,
Edward DiUingham, Clifford Dunham, John Keene, WiUiara H Green,
Howard Smith, Geo W Rayraond, Frederick M Baldwin, Joseph B
Austin and Jaraes H Loomis.
Bark Oscar, from Mattapoisett, Oct. 6th :
John B Dornin, Ebenezer Dexter, Charles Marchant, Williara Brad
ley. By other vessels and overland :
John Look, Edraund Luce, jr, Albert Look, Thos A Luce. Charles C
Luce, — West, Thos Milton, jr, Martin Arey, Benj P Arey. Arabrose
Vincent, Thos Frisby, Cleraent Vincent. Soloraon C Swift, B W Halsey,
Wm L Mayhew, Edwd Pease, Gideon Cornell, Wm Loper, Dr J T E
Gage, Ephra P Mayhew, Daniel W Baylies, Thoraas Mayhew, jr, Wm
Daggett, 4th, Athearn Manter, jr, Cornelius Tilton, Levi Tilton, Zedock
Tilton, — Tilton, George O Tilton. Isaiah Hillman, Prince Packard,
Wra Flanders, Jared Poole, Hirara Hammett, Franklin Hammett, jr.
Henry Cleveland, Jaraes Cleveland, Silvanus Cleveland, Thomas West,
Williara Downs, Edey Luce, Baxter Downs, Thoraas J Davenport, Al
fred Norton, jr, Edward Luce, Crosby Lewis, Henry W Richardson,
George Dunhara, Sarauel Andrews, Shubael Dunhara, Wm Daggett,
John Sturgis, Williara C Downs, Edward T Sraith, Presbury L Sraith.
John Buckley, James West, jr, 'William Usher, Ebenezer Sraith. ~"
Ship Audley Clark, from Newport, Feb. 15th :
W A Coggeshell, Geo Vaughn, Isiah Crooker, Chas Cozzens, Levi
Johnson, A W Dennis, J H Deraarest, O Carpenter, Geo Crandall, J H
Spooner, G J Staigg, M Cottrell, E P Kenyon, Jos King, J E Caswell.
Benj A Sayer, S R Goff, Thos Cranston, 'W Hatch, A F Dyer, J Lake.
R P Clarke, G W Langley, Jn Tompkins, J Southwick, jr., J S Hudson,
Wra Welch, Benj Cozzens, W H Fluddef , T Bariow, J H Cox, J M
Riggs, J P Barker, J Freeborn, Wra Weiser, H C Harrington, W E Den
nis, I H Knowles, C B Clark, W H White, W T Dennis, Chas Fales, R
Graham, G H Wheaton, J M Barstow, G W Babcock, G B Slocura, J Y
McKenzie, Wra Stevens, 3d, E Charabers, M A Lewis, A T Whitford,
Zach Chaffee, C E Curaraings, Rd Barstow, F A Murphy, Sral Young, J
M K Southwick, F M Hale, GH TUley, J M Lyon, N F Wardwell, Edson
Stewart, J W Arnold, Geo Beatty, W K Lawton, Arnold Pierce, J C
Bliss, S B Friend, Benj Brown.
Bark Mallory, from Fall River, Mass., Feb. 28th :
R E Borden, Josh Case, Royal Chace, J E Messer, J H Buffing
ton, J C Trafton, W H Watson, Frank Grey, Wra R Cleaveland, Isrl
Anthony, D P Curaraings, N S Davis, A H Hood, Thos Nichols, Jerorae
Donelly, Geo Holraes, J S Cotton, B A Waite, J W Martin, A P Dyer,
F B Harris, L Nichols, C B Greelash, J C Parry, Ellery Whitely, Jas
Carapser, T D Mathewsen, MarshaU Baker, A N Dix, Thos Pollard, Jas
Harworth, Jn Wesley Nelson, Ern Cooke, J A BaUey, L M Cobb, Jas
Sherraan, G T Pierce, A Bassett, Geo Goodman, J G Bowen, Robt
Hargraves, Alfred Briggs, S B Barnaby, B T Winslow, Madison Dur
fee, J P Wilkins, N H Talman, Thos Muntoon, Dd Brayton, W L Lin- •

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 475
sey, S G Hunt, Peleg Tripp, J T King, Siraon Manchester, W C Daven
port, Geo Gray, Jos Almy, SerU Cory, Wm Brownell, Thos Grinnell W
A Church, C T Bangley, W B Wilbor, P S Brownell, I S Brownell, J
H Grinnell, G R Vinnicum. Thos Rider, F W Lucas, R T Pope, S D
Gray, C R Nichols.
FoHowing is a Hst of the vessels and their passengers that sailed
from the State of Rhode Island to California in '49 :
Bark Anne, from Bristol, R. I., February i8th :
Chas, Edward and Hy Richmond, B F Presby, C Lothrop, H W
Fales, M L Hathaway, J Smith, J B Leonard, E Peterson, F E Leonard,
C H Crossraan, J Tisdale, J F Goodman, W B Corey, J C Hamlin, C H
Hodges, G W Dean, W WUbour, E M Lachen, R H Evans, J Wash
burn, M Sullivan, Dr J B Chace, Dr S W Graves, C Gardner, J Crafts,
G W Blanchard, J H Comer, C F Robinson, H WUliaras, T Newbury, J
N Washburn. G W Noyes. A H. Keane. D Eveleth, O E French, Sim
Briggs, Geo Crane, A G Shove, Peter Hathaway. J Adams, Wra Hath
away, J Hathaway, Wm CBabbitt, N M Babbitt, Jos Gibbs, Sh Brown,
Jas Chambers, Albt Berry, J Comstock, Ed Clarke. Michi Glynn, G H
Martin, H Easterbrooks, Alien Easterbrooks.
Bark Winthrop, from Bristol, R. I., May 6th :
Capt Moore, Jas Darling, H Willard, W P Munro, J N Walton, Fran
cis West, T P Thurston, J J Ralph, B G and B L West, W H Johnson,
Isaac Gorhara, M D Bonney, B C Curaraings, S C Richmond, Dd Bul
lock, jr, Aifd Peabodie, E S Gladding, H R WarreU, At Lake, S A
Lindsey, Geo WarreU, W E Wrightington, Geo Capparel, Eli Darling-
tpn, N F PhUips, J D Wright, S A Vaughn, Jps Paine, Jos Armington,
A S Buflfington, W H Hammond, E F Mowry, J F Brown, W C Fales.
Bark Naumkeag, from Providence, R. I. :
J H Mason, A B Cranston, S B Dariing, R A Perry, G F Wesson, H
A BUlings, F O Sraith, D McMUlen, J B Bradford, J B Perry, R B Bar
ton, G- W Reynolds, Wra Reynolds, J A Gardner, G A Sayles, Rd Handy,
Jn Hale, R B Woodward, Benson & Bean, H Phinney, Chas Burrough,
SUas Alden, Pat Corr, A N Olney, Geo Burlingarae, S H Steere, H S
Tourtelott, E C Thornton, Chas Ford,
Ship Hopewell, from Warren, sailed Jaauary 26th :
E E Chase, Ezra Dodge, P M Fiske, J D Siramons, G T Bowen,
J B Pierce, J E Razee, H Carrison, Gris Vaughn, D H Wesson, N
B Horton, W J Silver, U P Andrews, W D Butts, L P Field, J B
Caider. R T Reynolds, G W Thompson, C Burbanks, T C Pierce,
J B Simmons, W H Thurbar, J Zudinder, Chas Kerr, W M CuUough,
H T TreadweU, T Warner, Wm Batcheller, D V Ross, T B Carr, T C
Robbins, E B Windsor, Warren Pierce, H McDonald, Edwin Spencer,
Sl Tompkins, W F Allen, Franklin White, jr, B D Manton, Isaac
Knowles, G A Weeden, T S AngeU, J P WiUiams, T C Peckham, C
Dawley, Wanton Briggs, L Briggs, J W Brown, Ed Smith, Stales Brown,
H Harris, G H Sraith, S B Turner, Cn Medbury, J Luther, W L
Luther, James Vinson, C M ChUd, C Sweetser, J B Holmes, E Johnson,
J T Holmes, G Kinecorn, W K Levett, C B Aidrich, A J Varney, A
Sweet, G W King, G W Waterman, A Waterman, N Pratt, jr, A G

476 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Tripp. G W Randall, Joseph Bennett, N G Reynolds, A A Rathbone,
Whit Tift, Thos Rattensley, J H White, F J Reed, Darius Pierce, C G
Hidden, F Reed, Thos Cole, Perry Lawton, Wra Sraith, J M Hatha
way, J E Eddy, Stephen Grinnell, Moses Grinnell, F B Gardner, Cor
nelius Seabury, M J Dooley, T D Palraer, E Slocura, E F Gardner, A A
Slocura. A J Corey, W H Surgens, W S Kendrick, Seth Partee, A 'W
Pratt, Rt Sraith, Beriah Mason.
Vessels from New Orleans, Baltimore, Charleston, Mobile, Nor
folk and other Southern ports :
Bark Kirkland, from Baltimore, February :
Dr Lawrence, Geo Golder, Wra Golder, P W Keyser, B H Keyser.
Wm Quinlan, R L Thomson, T B Flanigan, E P Linck, J P Reynolds.,
T Reynolds, G Henderson, Jaraes Henderson, W & J Knox, J R Mur
phy, G R Barclay, R M Dunkin, C J Hall, D P MarshaU, T A Creagh,
Wm Bissell, J B Webster, T Schaffer, J H Foster, Geo Reppart, T F
Webster, W S Byus, Dr SneU, T S Ausdn, C Kettlewell, H B Hosmer,
J A Benson, W B McClatche'iy, J Peppard, J Brickett, J F Clark, Wm
Adaras, H J Irons, S J Webb, M B McCreery, Joshua Peduck, G M
Harris, Wra Campbell, Wm Taylor, T B Simraons, S S Siraraons, A Mc
llvain, J E Chalfin, Conrad Gunter, J E Plaster, C H Gibson, J E Chinn,
J L Gregg, P R Crain, D W Paxon, T R Robey, Wra Fenton, J B
Baldwin, J Fulkinson, Hy Woodson,
Brig Jennett, March 19th :
Jas Lane, J E Perry, J Clark, J A Winnerraeller, Dr Horaer, O O
Henty, E C KeUy, Wra Harrison, G Reynal, W W Anderson, C F Kiers.
M Greer, H Peagan, H A Redfield, Ed Wertha, J M Jenkins, Josh Dobb,
Mike SuUivan, Jas Wilson, Jn Denis, W J Lyons, S P Paris, A Gololpho.
F Tancon, H Dresser, Jn Elliott, Mr Reinhart, C Redfield.
Brig Henrico, frora Charleston, S. C, May 3d :
Francis Graham, H A Higley, M Magrath, L Garland, Ptk Lambert,
E Comins, M Keran, O McDonald, Mike Kennedy, Ed Kegan, Jn
Brophy, Ths Redmond, J Maher, J Gorman, Ed Cain, J W Seeley. J
Ferguson, A H, W M & R Ferguson, P Faulkner.
Members of a Mining Company from Mobile, overland. May
8th :
Dr J Y Gardner, Elijh Reeder, J A McCrory, Dr B F Rolfe, Rev A J
Stevenson, F M Davenport, A C McCrory, Robt McCrory, T W Mitch-
iner, J L Reeder, Rbt Turk, PhUip Friedlander, Louis Borneman, J W
Mitchiner, R R Mitchiner, M Clay, Mr Morris, — Schrieber, Jesse Liv
ingston. Ship Architect, from New Orieans, Jan. 27th :
Dr King, wife and daughter, James Taylor, wife and two children, C
B CaldweU and wife, Mrs E M Roland and two children, Mrs Lacks,
Henry Joseph and wife, B F Hynson, N Silverthorn, J H Harris, T T
Topping, L D Parker, Jas Vance, A A Watson, W H Diggers, L J
Danby, J C Converse, M T Cox, C Lawrence, H S Hatch, L F Amelung,
Wra BothweU, S R Mardis, J C WUson, J Grover, C S Knight, C A Hig
gins, Saml Fulton, W E Deacon, G A Colton, Thos MiUs, A St Dirier.

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 477
Jas Dunbar. H W Wood, E Latafa, Pat O'Naill, C B Griffin, H G Haw
kins, E Peterson, V M Peyton, J Cornet, Thos Turner. John Larkin, J
J M Otis, H C Milbourne, C W Perkins, P Forshee, W WoodhuU, John
Crow, John Rowe, A J Hitchcock. E C Simmons. Robt Badon.
Steamer Alabama, sailed June 1 7th :
J D Carr, Sm Flower, Ed Byrne, O H Perry. Capt Chas Brenham, J
Chaleron, Amos Merrill, A Dupre, J Dupre, Ed Otis, R M Perry, F E
Tracy, E L Weld, J W Jenkins, T H Ashe, R R Taylor, W D Cowan.
Sm Langdon. S O Whitmore. L Richardson, J D Moore, Chas Wallett.
M Barry. J F Stitler. J D Fay. Theo WesteU. S J Higams, C E Foster,
G M Burnham. E B Stewart. J Lusk, A Criswell, R Randies, Wm Mor-
R King, R Lowrey, E B Hogan, S Jacobs. S Little, R Haight. Jas
Thorn, R C Brooks, R J Morris, C Beal, Jas Walsh, H A Lyons, J B
¦Stephens. O A WUliamson, E B Connor. J H Low, R W Smith, C K
Herrick, L Carter, J L Davis, C B Davis, L Mitchell, J Houghton, RE
Clark, J Kennedy, Robt Small, J M Harvey, P O Neil, B C Edgar, Jas
Clark, Geo Frost, C W Wood, G Rooney, G B Morse, Robt Shaw. R
S Jordan. Peter Comstock. Albert Martini, Jas Robertson. E Whalen,
Pat Reilly. Jas Smith, Thos Walker, Wm Wright. Jas KeUy. Dr V
Spaulding. Robt Toll, Thos Hughes, C D Choiscial, J B Bonnell. J 5
Meach, R Fanning.
Brig Octavia, sailed June 26th :
Jn Langnfelt, T Sinclair, G L Hamblin, M Nolan, Jn Bachet, L S Mc-
Craine, H Body, E Clark, J P Tarquin. W Darley. Paul Wilson, Luke
Garrick.'Wm Masetell, P Galamaiie, J Berry, A B Paul, D Fillie, M Mays,
wife and son, J Clark, L Stanton, G E Payne, M Lewis, Dd Walker, T
Sewell, C Perkins, Wm Ryan, Dennis Ryan, Thos Kick, D Terry, P
Ryan, Dr Edwards, Dd Lawrid, Andw O Donoho, Mr Rowland and Mrs
Rowland, W R Taylor, H Loane, H Ashbury, C Wesley, C Westfeldt,
Jos Grant, T Hughes, — Evans, T L Reynolds, Jn Walker. R Bugby,
Wm Snipper, E Burke, A Turner, Peter Keiser, Augst Broom, A Cor-
nelly, R Stag, T Klein, Phil Watts, Josiah Peabody, H Schultz, Peter
Watkins, R Kerr, S Blosman, Lte Saunders, H Stewart. Chas Stewart.
Geo Carmelin, Sylvester Blair.
Ship Alhambra, from New Orleans, April 14th :
Sral Moss, Geo Lehr, wife and child, P Johnston and wife, L Kim
ball, Mr Tillman and wife, — Carlton, — Bauman, — Skilling, Thos
Menzies, J J Anson, WeUers, Myers, Buscholdt, Breedy, Dr Toppe and
wife, A T Ladd, wife and three children, Mr Lane, -wife and two chil
dren, Mr Comstock, wife and three children, Mr Bogart, wife and two
chUdren, Robt PhiUips. T H and A Wood, J Root, Capt Scott, Dr
Allen, Dr Alvord, H Uhish. Clark & Bennett, Mr Crittenden, R H May,
John May, R Green, Jn and Ths Long, Wm Smith, J Mordecai, wife
and son, J C Roch, wife and three children, Sl Russell, Jn Ricewick,
C H Smith, Dd Thomas, J Phelps, G Phelps, Anthony Phelps, Otis
Whitcomb, Wm Stevens, Jn Hutchings, Wm Fleming, Chs Wilkinson,
W W Mason, R Redraond, D Nappert. Mr Mayhew, Jn Chase, Thos
Slade, Chs Shell, Dr Baldwin, J Davenport, Dr B Haygarth, Jn Walker.
Geo Crabbe. Chs Brittenham, Bernard & Moore, Dr Lee.

478 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Bark Florida, from New Orleans, April i6th :
A H Baker, Corier & Gillraan, R and S Cox, Mr Alverson, Dr Bran-
dis, B Vanzandt, A and S GrenneU, L'Brun, Thos Burk, J N Dennett,
Dr Houston, wife and child, R C Singer, C Shubank, B Adie. C Ed
ward. D Conroy. J Elroy, S Curamins. Capt H Bezeen, Capt Thos Ber
nard. T E Knapp, F M Kuhn, G Proctor, A A Siraons, D H Trufant. W
H Judah, O Clift, A Ratcliff, A G Briggs, Jas Johnson, B Ratcliff. B
Brotherton, R Hays, A Frisby. M Clark, D Donnelly, L Z Hayden. wife
and daughter.
Steamer Isthmus, from New Orleans, April 21st:
P F Hazard wife and child, Mrs D Watson, J H Robinson, Mayor R
S Garnett, W Valentine, Jn Crane, W P Bryant, J Montero, J P Ryn-
ders, W P Bowden, Jn Donohoe, Jn Loud, J R Lewis, S Colville, S W
Shaw. Bark Florida, from New Orleans, January i6th:
W D Grimwood, H C Everett, A DChapnay, A M Boyd, R McMillan,
M S Chaton, Rbt Parker, Wm Jones, H Sraith, Jos Johnson, Hy Acker
man, Wm Martin, J W Ferris, W F Woodcock, I Holland and brother,
J Wilier, S G Beatty, Mr McGen, Rhd Berry, Jn Demerest, Jn Galloom,
E BerraU, Geo Means, C B Wilson, J B Hutchings, W D Dickerson,
W L Barnum, W H Barnum, Jn Kelly, Hy Roberts, Thos Anthony, Wra
Ranlett, Thos Hudson, P Sharp, Ed Spring, Rbt Livingston, Hy EUman,
Oliver Jones, Jas Canick, Hy Stebbins, P Daniels, H Sanistone, J H
Burk, H Humphries, T W Hastings, J Weeks, Rd Cleaveland, Hy Kirk
patrick, Ebens Campbell, Peter Maxwell, Jas Kinesland, J Havemeyer.
H Ingraham, E O Dougherty, J J Jackson, P Vatoney, M Fagan, Jn
Crout, C Denredoffj E H Parkinson, Jas Pringle, H Poindexter, J Salva
dora, J B Toca, L Richings, Rd Metcalf, J W Titus, C C Hurd, Rbt
Blandin. Bark Madonna, June 30th:
Mrs Edwards, Mr E PhiUips, wife and 2 children, J B Bowles, wife and
child, Wra Field, O Larab, B Baldwin, A Harailton, J S Goff, J Kennedy,
C E Briggs, J Perkins, A Lisley, J Even, P Donnelly, H Hermann.
D Stickney, J A Scneidewr, J Peterson, A S Parker, J E BlackweU, Z A
Beatty, C B Hunt, S Black, J and R Black, G E Brookley, M Winn,
P Fagan, Jn Cinney, J McCormack, A Meezle, J Kelly, J Hirnse,
M Fagan, P Nelson, Bolston,. Cox. Wheeler. Frisbe. Rowland. Trotter,
Beverly and Burdsall.
Stearaer Alabama, July 19th:
T Dundas and wife. W P Cryce, Fdk Coney. G E Strawbridge, J M
Crawford, A Fontan, Jn Colbane, T E Evershed, T Hewes, J P Steedly.
B WeUman, Anthy Merck, Jos Jaraes, M Carrin, J C Bouligny, Thos
Hart, W Stevenson, J McDonald, T Wilson, R B Davis, Alex McDon
ald, G L Newton, E C Duff, W McKane, G Mason, N Brown, J Brown.
F W Bosworth, T J Wilson, J K Johnson, J B Ritter, Jn Kiger. Wm
Davis, J O Barker, J W K Frazier, W M Stafford, D T Stafford, B F
Fulton, Jn Colgan, T S Robert, W H Stevens, F H Reynolds, R S
Slaughter, Geo Harvey, H Byron, J Wood, M Wood, J Duncan. T Ever-

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 479
ett, F T Brighara, Jn Hobsons, C Allen, Chas Schlort, Wra Austin, J S
Thacker, W RinchpU, J M Johnson, Peter Dunne, A J Fallon, E Her-
camp, M Joseph, W Sraith, J H Johnson, A S Miller, H McKay, E W
Richardson, Otis Hinckley and O Hinckley jr, B E Simons, G M Bush,
Palrar PhiUips, Eben EUis, Elsha Ellis, G A Butler, Semple Duckworth,
D R Morrison, J J Kendrick, K D Porter, Chas Foster, Thos Dolan,
J L Ruan, W MUlard, R W Mannon, W T Hoyt, A Furst, S C McLellan,
S S Crafts, Jos Gorraan, J Thorapson, J C Camerons, Elijh Davis, N M
Callu, T Burts, E Pierce, Col C Araory, Jn Adams, Wm Adaras, S B
Shaw, Jn Linderraan, J W Wilson, 'wm Singleton, Geo Lee, Hugh
Burns, Pat and Dennis Mahan, E G Lewis, Wra Southard, Wm Funk,
Thos Spig, F Green, W P Mackintosh, J L Robinson, E WiUiams, C T
Smith, L Burke, Jas Hunter, Thos Cavanagh, Wm Murphy, Chas Con
nor, L C Stevens, C E Jack, H B Tucker, J H Sraith, R W Jones, W J
MUler, E B Titus, Chas Young, Pat Fagan, D O Dowd, Jno Kauffraan,
R J Bachellor, E C Macomb, Jn Abraharas, H C White. Thos Sewell.
Steamer Falcon, from New Orleans, March 20th :
W H WUloughby. P J Hickey, Jn Irwin, W Eager, J H Schlater, H
Olsen, E Hendrickson, J Jergensen, PhUip Schloss, L Reinstein, G A
¦ Coop, J M Kones, Jas Heighten, Wm Smith, A Moratear and wife. J
Jonners and wife, J Houston, T Parsell, J M Jones, MHL Schooley. J
L Buckley, Jas Corsner, M Whittinger, J W Fish, Ben Youiig, S M Hen-
sill, Ben Lockhart, E B Youngr Ed Moore; Jn Hunley, J Lockaday, F
Wilhelm, W J Berry, Wra Herth, P C Hunt, W O WUson, J A Hearn.
Aix W McClure, L G Petton, R H Witraer, C Rooney, Dr Wra M Guin,
J Hill, Isih Norwood, Dd Dickinson, W Blocker. J Dickinson, O W
Hinker, Dr L Sober, D L Hinson, Zack Dixon, Dr L C Sin ith, J M
Pearsall,^J E Lyon, 'W K Jones, M Abegy, Gustus Bates, W \Y Pearce,
E Pearsall. Dr J H Mayo, Rt Dickson,- J M Hill, J M Kerril, J W Gra
ham, D E GiUett. A Monti, A Carlin, G Gorton, C W Hart, S W Lewis,
J Sullivan, J Robert, I P Yaricy, A B Gray, C J Whitney, F Eraory, G
F Hooper, G C Gardner, Wra Robbins, Mr Ingrahara, Wsly Walker, D
McCanaline, J CoUias, J Bethel, L Studiraan, H Kohn, G H Eggers.
Schooner Crescent City, from New Orleans, February 28th:
C W Stanton, Alex Cooper, S Sunderland, F P Sunderland, Chas
Lunas, H C CarapbeU, G W Wylie, Capt Tyler, J C Parks, W G Brown,
S S Larrain, Mr Wright and faraily, H J Smith, Jn Shaw, R Jack, W
Soraerville, Dd Walker, J Lewis, J C Chisraan, Lewis & DiUiman, M
Dunbar, M M Smith, J Dart, G M Bolls, F Folks, J W and J L Folks,
J J B Scott, S S Griffin, F Anthony,W Phinney, H Dawson, F Dawson,
W Carnehen, R Jett, C Chase, M Turner, H McNeal, Alex Boyd, J Y
Davis, LF French, Peter Deady, D J Burree, R B Wilson, H C Malone.
Jn Fisher, P C Butler, S N Houstan, M Henley, Joel Lightraan, J H
Fane, E English.
Steamer Maria Burt, from New Orleans, February 28th :
H C Staraborough, E P Gillett, C B Parkraan, B R Davidson, L
Bax, V Delivas, C Mennothy, Albert Sears, Long, Lyons, Ewing, Mc
Laughlin, H Denraan, H Brent, C L Dittoe, S W Phelps, J S May-
drura, E M Meeks, N Ingraham, T Henderson, W Roog. O D Bottom,
G W Baldwin. J A Southmaid, Dr Baldwin, N Post, — Mitchell, J S

48o THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Howell, L Strode, J M Dougherty, E M Baldwin, N L Fisher, A Bel
cher, J W Kirkpatrick, P M Neely, H Seaton, Sam Hobbs, J M Watson,
W Gilraan, J M Martin, J Duramigue, T L Mount, J Mattingley, W
McKnight, G W Faggett, J Sirapson, W Thompson, H O Neal, P
McGarity, Thos Parkman, Geo Banks, W Haskins, C Bernard, Saml
EUiott, J Masterton, P O Conner, H Smith, Dr W Samuels, Geo
Mix, Thos Atkinson, W Garrison, S Thoraas, J Moore, J T Gillett.
Steamer Palmetto, from New Orleans, March 9th:
W Madox, J Dana, R Evans, G W B Evans, L Ledenharaer. H Terry,
S B Johnson, O H Carpenter, C Speaker, S S Caraeron, M M Cameron,
W A Hallah, A T Parker, B F Hutchinson, J C Macauley, E Bruner,
H Crittenden, J Teats, A S Walrasley, D Kenser, J W Lott, W H Lott,
W Whitehead, F D Bullock, J Owens, J Earl, E B Jackson, A J Gregory,
J W Seale, S Watson, J Livingston, T Brazol, J Watson, J Lacroze, S B
Fauntleroy, T J HaUiday, J McDowell, J Perkins, J G Leonard, M Mc
Miller, C R Steward, G S Garrett, A C Garrett, C Nevill, G Stanwood,
J Harvey, T Smith, H Wilson, J Gleason, M Stockwell, T Jones, Major
Buckraan, J W Arrastrong, J A Garrett, D Elting, J Baily, T Watson.
Schooner Friendship, from New Orleans, May 9th:
T Guard, F Arnold wife and 2 children, J Arnold and wife, A HamU
ton, D F Sayres, S Rarasey, Dr Harris and wife, J Siwell, T MacKay,
H Valley and wife, M Cartier and wife, P Youngraan and wife, J Mc
Dougall, J Ryan, W Henwood, V Pohl.
Schooner St. Mary, May loth:
Dr T H Logan, Dr Shiel and wife, C Fiesca, E T Wilkins, B T Davis,
J Boiling, R E BoUing, R H Pegrara, E E Markraan, T C-Sraith, E D
Foundray, J S Carrington, W R Cox. H C Durald. J R VaUeau. C End-
field. T Widnan.
Brig Mayor Estand, from New Orleans, May. 12th:
Dr Billings, B F Hastings, Dr J D Wydbwn, P W Weeks, J M Wat
son, D Baldwin, H Critcher, M Henderson, D C Cleaveland, F Cutlett.
F Lynch, P Yeager, Wra Barnes, C CarapbeU, J H White, C Wilson,
P Jarvis, H King, Ben Ray, J L Chaplain, Josh Lipraan, P H Hooff,
W H Sraall, J Read, Thos Vater, P CoUins, W W Light, Abm Moses,
Jn Moses, T L Varney, Jos Fagan, J L Fagan, J B Marten, J H MaUett,
H Seaton, N Ingraham, J Donnegan, A Belcher, J W Dougherty, T L
Mount, E W Baldwin, W R Pope, L Mattingly, J Creesler, J W Tag-
gard, W McKnight, J W Kirkpatrick, W F GaUraan, P Nelly, L and K
Krause, Mr Bodley, Mr Mason, K F Holt, T F Welby, J S Holt, W P
Keans, W J Nelson, J H Harbarraa, L Lindiver, Wra Nelson, F Girable,
D McCarthy, B F Develle, J R Brown, G W DeveUe, D CampbeU, J Mc
Gookey, D Metcalf and sons, F Carter, Joseph Spencer, C Heird, J Mit
chell, C Frazee, J F Gillett, E P GiUett, C B Parkraan, B K Davidson,
G Brinley, J F Castle, C L Sraith, —Brown, Lehraan and Fitshugh,
L Lyon, H Schrougle, H Sears, L B Long, E CarU, S HiUraan, T P Sage,
Jas McFee, N L Fisher, Thos Gibson, Hy CrandaU, —Applegate, —Tib-
bat, V O Stroder, G W Baldwin, J A Southraaid, M Caraerden, M Ryan,
H G Moberg, J C Parks, J Post, F Hoe, G Sherwood.

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 481
Steamei: Globe, from New Orleans, Feb. 17:
Brent, Pearce, GUI, H Sraith, Hawkins, Pierce, Lawrence, Harding,
Johnson, Boots, Fisher, Heath, Haines, Merritt, Jaries, McGilvary, Dr
Scott, Evans, 'White, Darge, Swan, Marthis, Bowers, Brown, Driggs,
Clapp, Donaldson, Clough, Babcock, Chew, Hopkins, Soule, Eddings,
J F Stover, West, Baldwin, J P Gates, Martin, Adaras, Paulding, Thom
son, Swain, Kendall.
Brig Jenette, from New Orleans, Feb. 17th:
~ J O Connell, Dd Gilbert, Jaraes Lane, Jn Perry, Jn Clark, J A Wine-
hiiller, O V Beaty, Daton Haraer, E C Kelly, Wm Harrison, G Reynal,
W W Anderson, C F Klein, Alonzo Green.H U Redfield, H Fagare, Jn
Foster, Ed Bertha, J W Jenkins, Jos Dobb, Mike Sullivan, Jas 'Wilson,
Jn Dean, W J Lyons, S P Paris, An Galolpho, H V Dresser, F Taneau,
Jn EUiott, R C Redfield.
Steamer Isthmus, from New Orleans, February 19th :
H H Booker, Wra Nunnally, Robt Davidson, J L Freanor, P A Morse.
J H Baird, S B Sheldon. N D Latiraer, Sol Coulter, Ed Jones, I P Coles,
C Higginbothara, J S Connally, Geo Brown, JST Cochran, W H
Wheeler. L M Wheeler. H G Wheeler, Dr M Davenport, E Lott, H F
Jourdan, Jn T Webster, F G Bartlett, Lewis Kign, J E Bertha, Jas Nor
ris, E L Davis, W F Herre, J T Wheeler, Ed MaunseU, Ed Millspaugh,
J C Carroll, Robt HaU, Jn Taylor, Josph Dorian, Aug Wright, Chrisn
Weber, Wm Goin, C H Sanborne, Wm McKinsey, W G Litde, C S
Hayden. Brig Perfect, from New Orleans, February 23d :
Arny, Otey, Hurst, Collins, Powers, Wirlun, Beetomen, A D Rogers,
R W Murphy, M Bird, M Staling, John Gwiney, M Nolan, S A Hicks,
F J Spain, H S Puckett, S L Richardson, H Maynadier, Wm Richards.
J M O Reed, H G Foster, W B Sloane, J D Crosby, T Brackett, E Hig
ley, W G Nolan, A Conn, M Fleraing, J H MiUraore, T P Park, Thos
Bowling, R Bowling, T Merton, B F Davis, O W Van Tayl, J Kelly, H
Stidger, T J McQueen, M Jones, J Callihan, J C Druramond, J Rivard,
John Reed.
Steamer Galveston, from New Orleans, February 2d :
J V Paine, Wm M Burgoyne, A W Alexander and wife, Ls Dickson,
H G Brown, J H Kidd, Chas Chinn, Dr S W Rogers, Rev S Lindsley.
S L Jacobs. A Hess, L Lizard, J 'Wood. O M Sheldon, Dr Gindrat, S
Paul, J Davidson, Clock, Bibb, Boyd, Skates, Gerard, Cowles, Lewis,
Cabot, Yarborough, Dr R BeUe, Dr W A Shaw, J Irwin, J L Badger,
Jas Walker, J Fitzgerald, R Scranton, M T Bryan, Wra Dewey, Dani
Ritchie, M Sraith, Robt Blacon, J Cook, J TrufeU, H Fredricks, J S
Greenfield, P H Bartlett. T J Young, J Thompson, D Disborough,
Knapp, J McClintock, Aaron Nash, G L Rogers, G W Burrus, W H
Mattock, Jas Anthony, Wra Craine, W A Piper, j M Julian, J Murphy,
J Q Piper, W P Henry, J W Blackburn, M L Memper, Hirara Weston,
Hy Weston, A Chabot, W Anderson, Clemon Reves, Jos Green, F Ren-
agle, Chas PhiUips, T Gosling, L G Lyon, J Gantz, Jos Taylor, J Blood,
E W Fish, C Sraith, J W Hararaond, T E Gray, J McGehee, T Cad-
waUader, Thos PhiUips, S Fleisbecker, Wra H9rnbeck, I MiUer,

482 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
J Benson, C Ackerraan, M Scharb, H Bodenheira, A Wise,W G Peters,
S H Cady, E A Faber, G H Peabody, D McLaren, D J Lemraon, J
Ward, E Williaras, R C Webb. Dan Davis, M Rostrop, E Beard. C E
Moss, Jon Dunning, J T Simraons, R G Rieber, T Jackson. G Scott, J
Thorapson, R J Manning, Eugne Spalding, Ed Lewellyn, Chas Koln-
gay, J J Aynes, J Stutsraan, T W Gibson, J C Lander, Alex Todd, W C
Bussy, Gt Stephens, Jos Parker, J S Fullerton, J H MiUer, Wra Gantry,
J M Gerrish, Jno Rich, Robt O'Brien, B M Jordan, J Cook, J Moreland,
S Staught, G L Leese. W W Rose, D C Wood, J Wood, jr, J J Maxwell.
C Brown, Dd Woods, C G Amraon, J J Kendrick. J G Donna, J A Tal
bot, Wra Wilson, J A Madisgrove, Pat Hale, Albright Lum, Bennett &
Curtis,, A Pare, Mr Benedict, J D Burn, G W Clarke, H Fullerton, Thos
McFarlane. Steamer McKim, from New Orleans, Feb. 13th:
Mr Hennings and wife, Mr Soloraon, Mr Tineberg, T PurneU, H P
Watkins. J R Painter, F Baker, J Swarthout, Dr D Goodale, J Gardner,
C P Fargo, J P Painter, Mr Murphy, J B Wadsworth, H V Keep.
J Vandyke, B Ganer, Mr Tillman. G Beard, T S H Roberts, E K
Valient, D Kearney, G Turner, Wra Gillespie, H Clark, J M Sesbros.
Mr Rathbon, J S Larne, W T L Heramedieu, C M Fought, S Jones.
J Alston, F Schiffer. A Fisher, J Ryan, G Gilliaras, A MitcheU, H Bow
den, Francis Daney, J C Wood and son, A Elkin, P P Powell, E B Os
borne, A Gugal, H S RusseU, W Gish, J C Robb, Wra Wiggins, G O
Shipway, Hy Steele, J A Dunn, E U Gaudy, W H Comper, Dd Austin.
H Herring, Wilberhara and Barclay, J A Menicher, J H Tanner.
Brig Acadian, from Boston, Feb. 4th:
Wra H MitcheU, A H Barker, Chas Hutchins, A J Mitchell, Ben
Barker, E Blake, H R Taylor, J Rhoades, L Brown jr, W H Hebard.
C E White, D P Holbrook, A D Adams, W B Carlyle, S P WeUs, T B
Cunninghara. Holyoke company, from Northampton, Feb. 3d
Rd Chenery, M Hubbard, H I Hodges, C G Starkweather, John
Prouty, Fdk Lyraan, O C Wright, W S Allen, E C Clark, Barton Bisbee,
Nat Tower, S N Bosworth, E C Cushing. F B Phelps, J G McKindley,
P A Merrick. M N Hubbard, John Fish, D S Reed. Francis Baker.
Andrew Bradbury.
Following is a list of the vessels and their passengers that sailed
from the State of Connecticut to California in 1849:
Schooner Mary Taylor, from New London, Jan. 10, 1849:
J D Hobron Capt. R Sweet. L Beckwith, J M Latimer, Chas Squire.
R E Selden, O Webber.
Schooner Velasco, January 24th:
E B Morgan, D Davis, M R Packer, J D Avery, O H Morgan, C G
Newbury, R S Ghapman, A Chapman, N M DaboU, J Butty. Levi Chap
man, Lyraan Chapraan, G E Larab, C Morgan, R Carey, .A H Grant, T
Wilson, Wra Bray, E D Wightraan, J S Lester, R Stoddard, Wm Chap
raan, S A Stoddard, S R Parlin, Henry Deane, F S Hotchkiss, N Smith,

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 483
D L PhiUips, Wm PhiUips, J A Stoddard, Wm H Webb, M Curtis, G
H Fish, B W Morgan, D A Fox, F R Sraith, J M L Cheesebro, G Hunt
ley, N Chipraan.
Schooner Oddfellow, January 29th, 1849 :
D Stoddard, jr, S Perkins, E M Rodgers, Sol Perkins, E Arthur, O
Stoddard, L A Brown, A A WiUiaras, A B Stoddard, Wra H Stoddard,
R Arthur, F A White, J A Allen, C S Beebe, J MiUer, F J McFariane.
F D Keeney, A A Keeney, C G Rogers, O Swain, J W P Huntington,
G F Charaplin, E English.
Ship Mentor, January 30th, 1849 ¦
J M Howard, G W Brown, B B Blydenburg, A B Welch, J Brownlee,
F A Jerrome, C H Davison, G W Toby, A B Lamb, E C Sraith, G H
Hobron, J Wait, S H Prickett, G Payne, J G Ford, P Spencer, A
Pember, H Mason, H Fagan, C Chapman, A D Locke, H Sterry, D B
Hemsted, jr, J Lanpheer, J Harris, G H Bouton, J M Brown, T Payne,
G C Vaughn, H Burnett, J B Peck, G C Burnhara, J C Callbreath, G
Tillotson, C TiUotson, J A Lathrop, J Taylor, L F Mussey, R S Sraith,
F B Latimer, W E Woodiuft, A T Case, J C Daniels, J R MiUer, E H
Allen, J T Boyce, G N Andrew, J Schofield, C Darrow, M H Sraith, E
A Atwood, G H Rogers, G R Andrews, J Burbeck. W S Belden, O
Schoffield, M Sraith, J Sweet, A StiUraan, S White, A C Mosher,
T White, H White, J H Gordon, J Prentice, J Calvert, S AUender, F
Potter. Schooner Alfred, March 7th, 1849 :
J L Harris, J B Latimer, E Avery, E E Comstock, M Warren, S M
Cady, Wra J Cady, Wra H Pray, G W Spaulding, G Brand, R Payne, E
Stone, J Graves, H Young. D Turner, I F Bailey, Wm C Allyn, G S
Dorrance, G C AUyn, A Buck, J C Buck, E E Matteson, A Harvey, J B
Burnet, J Turner, Wra W Mathewson, E Aidrich, C Peck.
Schooner Willimantic, March 13th, 1849 '¦
R J Rogers, C Chapraan, R B Smith, J Jerrorae, M Corastock, H
Young, G-R Miner, G R Congdon, R Griswold, H Griswold, Wra May
nard, C Migell, I Hyde, Wra H Charaberiain, E Darling, R B Whitte
raore, G H Charaberlain, Wra A Abbott, M A Seagraves.
Bark Flora, June 30th, 1849 :
Wm M Baxter, Jas H Rogers, Wm States, F D Brandigee, M Lewis,
G W Collins, W C Hubbard, R Smith, N S Mallory, W S Douglass, H
Crocker, W Jones, D Comings, R Green, A Hazard, A DeSilva, C H
Patterson, G Polsora, J WUbur, R Baxter, J P Hampstead, E Hemsted,
R A Morgan, C Culver, J Ward and Wife, G A Rogers, E E Farnham,
G L BosweU, G Gorhara, J Culver, G Kerkner, J Forsyth, G Whittemore,
L Peck, C D Lyraan, G Beach, A Pelisse, J Tinker, J Douglass, H Dart.
G Bishop, H R Stoddard, G Douglass and wife.
Bark Palladium, August 4th, 1849 :
A McLean, C Watrous, D H Potter, A Newby, Alex McLean, J D
Mercer, S Darrow, G C Chisane, H H Pember, W H Champlin, W E
Almy, D H Ayers, S V Binghara, G H Lester, E Mosier, H M Nickols,
E Tinker.

484 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Bark Curtis, Aug 17th, 1849 :
L S Pearson, R C Crocker, G L WiUiaras, H Lyraan, W G BoUes, O
A Middleton, D C Miner, C Mainiere, J H Staley, C S Binghara, G
Case, G Monroe, John Lynch, O Ingraham, E L Rose, D Parinton, G
L Spicer, J L Burrows, John DiUoby.
Schooner Andes, Aug. i8th, 1849:
L G Keeney, T McKinstry, L Valentine. D Star, S H Eaton, W G
Nugera, M Joseph, Gibson, Jones.
Schooner Julius Pringle, Aug. 27th, 1849 :
S E Buchanan, W Potter, D Tinker, J H Chapraan, E Holmes, A
Robinson, J Jeffrey, H Gordon, D Jeffrey, H H CorneU, J Reeves, A
W Mason, C C Culver, E Root, A G Tryon, C Church, E C Chapman,
A T Tryon.
Bark Columbus, Oct. 24th, 1849 :
J Chester, E Frink, J D Brockway, J F Durfee, E B Chipraan, J Pi-
raer, G Hundey, A R FuUer, H G Mason, J T Van Slyke, W Rogers, G
H Henfield, W H Bush, D Crocker, J H Davis, H T Bush, P Bent, S F
Randall, H Pendleton, H C Hazem.
Ship Alexander, Oct. 30th, 1849:
T Long, Mrs Long, A John, M Jose, M WiUiaras, F J Minson, B Shaw,
F CorneU, D E Dodge, jr, B F Austin, C Merrills, W La Piere, J Dart,
J BaU, J L Dennis, W Fisher, W Amadou, W G Bush, J Bush, J Scott, ,
G Perrine, A Cole, E Perrine, J WiUiaras, H A Darrow, R S Miller, G
T Sraith. Schooner Mount Vernon, Oct. 31st, 1849 :
J M Buddington, A B Baldwin, W H Kenyon, H C Harris, P Harris.
J Webb, W Lax, C A Harris, J A Corastock, O G Rogers, P Wallace,
M Elliot, J Comstock.
Schooner Orleans, Nov. 2d, 1849:
M Tinker, S Stroud, L Fuller, F Tracy, C Ballcom, W Rogers, jr,
T Rogers, E Church, J E Charaplin.
Schooner Edward L. Frost, Nov. 7th, 1849 •
E D Rogers, H P Baker, A BoUes, I I Church, C Waterraan, C Bur
rows, S S Burrows, D Bubson, B G Rogers, J B Miner, A A Lester.
Schooner Sarah Lavinia, Nov. 24th, 1849 ¦
J H Butler, J N Davis, J H Butler, jr, I Ewen, R P Baker, W H HiU,
M S, Baker, J C Larab, C Shaler, G Beebe.
Schooner Boston, Nov. 24th, 1849 ¦
J Nash, G H Hall, G M Nash, J C Nash, W R Keables, J T O'Brien,
W B Bowen, D B WiUiaras, jr.
Ship Chas. Carroll, Dec. 6th, 1849 :
F Sraith, C B Chapel, W Lyon, C Chipman, S G Beebe, W Gardner,
M Jackson, H Freeraan, S Hicks, A Morris, B Holraes, J Rose, J H

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 485
Higgins, P Norton, M Igo, J Sweet, C H Beebe, C Coit, E Baker, J A
Spicer, E R Ewen, A W Moore, A G Beebe, E Beebe.
Schooner Empire, from Mystic, February ist :
Capt Inghara, W Wilbur, C C Sisson, Wm Eldridge, J A Edgcorab, E
R Burrows, N T Sawyer, 'Wm Palmer, Geo Simras, E Ingham, R Doug
lass, O F Redfield, C T F Palraer, E Baker, David Webster.
Schooner Sea Witch, from Mystic, February 1 st :
Capt H B Lesis, W L Lewis, W Reed, B Burrows, J Lathara, B F
Chapman, W H Dennison, S Appleby.
Ship Trescott, from Mystic, January 30th :
H D Chesebro, H N and A Arasbury. H Clift, Horace Ingrahara,
John Barber, D B Patrick, Jas Mallory, Dr R Williams, Hirara Apple-
man, N N Appleman, W H Dennison, C O Brewster, S Chadwick, Wra
Church, C H Stanton, G D Forsyth, C H Davis, Sidney Smith, J Pen
dleton, N H Wheeler, M Burch, Jn Stevens, P M Randall, A M Hewitt,
T C PhUips, S P Brown, Wra Hewitt, T C PhiUps, S P Brown. Wm
Hewitt, T N Wood, Wra Faulkner, Geo Warren, J L Devotion, G W
Carpenter, R G Coit, J Prentice, H Talcott, H Hopkins, W A Nor
throp, H W Whittaker, G A Marble, A D Hooker, W W Wilkinson, O
Suerman, Mr Manning, Dr A D Hazard, S B Low, J S Woodmanson,
Shav,r & Vanburen, A Avery, Thos Gates.
Schooner G N Montague, from New Haven, January 27th :
G H Montague, R N Montague, J B Hutchins, Jas Barnett, P T
Miller, Elihu, Gorhara, Randolph Barnes, H D Monson, G Graham,
G S Ely, Ransom Dibble, F M Montague, H M Beecher, Jas Brady,
Warren Ives, Dan Curry, W S Porter, C F Baldwin, J T Benedict,
Rt Smith, S S Woodruff, Wra Clark, Fdk Cook, S E Barnes, A F
Barnes, J S C Jones, W J Clark, Aaron Higby, S W Parraelee, A E
Carape, N F Griswold, J E Belden, C C Coe, A N Jackson, J B
Jackson, T C Hubbard, Julius Bassett, Wra M Wallace, W Hura
phries, jr, L E Johnson, Moses Jaraes, J N Buel, Eugene Durand, An
son Platt, Edgar French, Wheeler Bassett, E F Baldwin, S I Parrae
lee, G W Smith, C H Daniels, E H Rogers, D W Norton, Rossiter
Robbins, J B Fitch.
Bark J Walls, from New Haven, June 26th :
Capt Sanford, N M WaUis, Dan Drew, C Carter, C H Taylor, J Alex
ander, Shererd Weldraan, Hugh McNeU. Ed Booth, W A Noyes, Abi
Robinson, Php Hennessey, J WUUams, W L Farley, Jas Andrews, A
H Glover, Wra Libbey, E Cherrington, Geo Wilson, J H Lounder, J H
Mack, A H Cook, G H Foote, Wash Tutde, W J Smith, H W Bying
ton, Dr E Edraonson, Rev M E WUling, J F Barnes, Stephen BidweU,
Jn Cunningham, Wra Dunn, W M B Gorhara, M S GUlette, Hy
Leonard, R W Monson, Geo Pratt, S L Potter, L R Stevenson, G Smith.
H C Smith, M P Thomas, L Wheeler, S F Hicks, A T Bunnell, G A
Colton. T F Casde, C W Foster, N E Hawley, Hiram Jerome, W L
KUbourne, Levi Langdon, Wra Morgan, C A Moses, J, H Root, W M
Warren, S P Burdict, J F Beach, J L Clark, S H Clark, Theo Green,
I R Rigby, Nathn Mansfield, E W Netdeton, S. D Steel, H K Stowe,
Sral Tibbats, I N Gilbert, Ambro Hall, R M Kirkham, J W Narraraore,

486 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
A X Welton, S B Blakeslee, G L Goldsraith, Lewis Cleraraons, Lym
Smith, R C Bronson, Hy Betts, T B Davis, T Jones, A W Dorraan, S
D Hills, Giles StiUraan, Norraan Mills, Chs Stone, Z Mallory, Jas Smith.
Geo Jacobs, Wm Sraith, N W Wallis, S P Gararaons, Dani Drew, E H
Hunting, H D.Platt, Thos Bishop, Gdfy Blutoe. H E Johnson. H J
Wallace, Thos Abraras, N M Hicks, I H Merriam, H W StiUman, A B
Candee. Bark J Merrihew, from Searsport, June 23d:
J W Boynton, Wm Savage, F A Rogers. Josh Palmer. J T Webb &
Son. G A Hamblin, Francis Garland, "W 'W Hersey, A C Weeks. W M
Libbey. Wm FarweU, A J Egery, W H Ratcliff, J F Parker, Cyrus True.
I C Fowler, Jn Whitehouse, Hy Work, Paul Brown, Jas Worthy, Capt
S Rider, C C Stubbs. Geo Walker. Capt G Pierce. I H Dwight. Dd
Whitehouse, Wra Clarke.
Bark Suliote, from Belfast, Me., Jan. 30th:
L S Straw, Chas and Elisha Webb, John and P L Webb. G C C Fitts,
Jo Hanson, Wm Short, S S Short, A E Raynes. R B Crara, Jos Day, jr.
S O Pierce, Prince Thoraas, E W Bartlett, Wra B Carr, John Pratt, R
S Hall, S T Peck, John Pollard, A Kirkpatrick. S PattengiU, A R De-
crow, Jos Leavitt, Ben Griffin, Thos Farrow, C B MerrUl, 'W L Torry.
F Patterson, Wra Griffin, J F Hall, Benj Bradford. G and J Dudley. Jos
Sherraan. A J Hubbord, G T Crabtree, J P Dyer. F H FoUansbee. Jos
Cusac, Andrew Bean, A G Brown, B H Brown, A W BurriU, W H
Weeks, L Grannell, A H Johnson, Thos, Dinsmore, A Garable.
Ship Eudorus, from Frankfort, Me., Feb. 15th:
D L Dickey, J S Martin, Capt L Blanchard, G A Warren, J J Burn
ham, Jas Swett, T Boynton. E S Buxton, A Alrord, S R Taylor, C T
Holland, M B Dunbar, W B Stacy, A Godfrey, R Wiggin, W H Bridges,
J F Hutchinson, Jas MuUay, Dd Gibson, R Nowell, Wm Soule, G F
Bixby, John Gordon, H H Gray, C V Moor. N Buder. G Martin. G W
and W H Dunbar.
Members of a Mining Company, from Manchester, N. H., who
sailed in February:
J B Clarke, S S Wilson, J Taylor. Wm Ritterbush, F S Soule, J N
White, Alex White, H M Weed, W j Brown, E B WiUiams, Eben Had
ley, Wra Mace, W W Brown, Moses HUl, Ed McAllister, H P WUson.
A McNab, S E Gault, J C Gault, G McAllister, I WaUace, J N Caswell,
J S Fogg, J A Gould, J McMurphy, J B Sofford, Dan Elliott, Wra
Parker. Andrew Jackson, H Jackson, Jo L Stephens, J S Batchelder.
Mr Clough, C A Reed. J H Lawrence, C M Sraith, D H Rand, Dd
Marsh, I B Gustin, Dan Haines, John Stevenson.
Bark Warwick, sailed April 21st:
J R Saunders, S R McClintock, A J Ocletree, I B Levan, R J C Jahn.
O FXivingston, T Carmichael, Geo Huey, J J Beris. Ruben Larch. M
M Dernere, W T Crosby, J R Abbott. W C Miller. J and J W Cowan.
Josiah Tomlin, Jos Croud, J S Sparry. Thos Coates, Geo Calden, N P
Holland, Jon Brannan. S A St John, Ed Bartling, R Bond.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 487
Ship Europe, sailed July 3d:
C L Bache, JHE Stockton, Josiah Morris, R T Stockton, J T Harris.
Jas Devine and wife, Mr Sterling, wife and daughter and two children,
Jn Vallier, E G Doyle and wife, H Tilghman, C D Sirapson, GET
St Garser, C C Paine, C W Field, Aaron Schroyer, J B lUick, O Cran-
harron, J B Murphy, Jn Devine, J N Hageny, Rbt Morrow, R E Taylor,
E J Price, Jos Smith, J D Christraan, Albert Dowd, A F Platt, C D
Simpson, WiUiam Helverson, J G Marvin, Chas Yard, B E HoUand and
wife, Jn McNamara, H Sailor, J A Rogers, W W Haverraan, Ferd
Bohle, J H Murphy, Lewis Huber, P Logan, E L Christraan. H Mc
Cowan, D C Atkins, J Clarapit.
Ship Levant, from Philadelphia, Feb. 26:
E D Kennedy, Dr J D Steinburger, Geo Slesman, M B Espy, Dr. C.
Feltt, Dr J Irmly, wife and two children, E D Roberts, C J Gilbert, Dd
McDaniel, J W Glanding, Jos Hampson, Nthn Nellings, H M Reigart.
jr, O E Dillen, A J Bell, F M Durny, A N Bailey, J Grabestine, Jas
Porter, H Beates, Ed Cummings, Wm Hagy, Dd Gibb, E Bartling, Ed
Huston, Theo Lindenrauth, J Lawshe, K Glatz, Albt Houston, J Clera
ents, J Conroy, Rbt Stroud, Ed Cross, Isaac Potter, J R Yeager, Jesse
Boyer, D Epplesheimer, G R Snyder, A R Swayne, M R Wilkinson, C
C Knight, Elijah Cheeseraan, J Longhead, S W Payne, J H Shultz, G
Parrote, Alex Ste-wart, W L Whitecar, C N Thornbury, J D Kelly, J Q
Adams, Sara Price, Jas Wandell, A F Durny, J Robb, D Louderback,
wife and six children, F M Green, Ira Bradshaw, J L Patton, W Walls,
J H Malony, J Jones,
A company composed ofthe following persons left Newark, N. J.
for California, overland, March ist:
J S Darcy, Thos Young, J R Crockett, L B Baldwin, S H Meeker, J
A Pennington, W D Kinney, Benj Casterline, Moss Canfield, A J Gray,
C Gray, W T Lewis, Thos Fowler, Jas Lewis, jr. Job Denman, Alex J
Cartwright, T W Seeley, Isaac Overton, Jos H Martin, G W Martin, C
Hicks, C B Gillespie, Geo Sayres, Angus Baldwin,,Jno Richards, Ash
field Jobes, Wra Eraery, H I Johnson, J B Overton, B F Woolsey, J T
Doty, Caleb Boughton, Wm Eraery, jr, Robt Bond, John Hunt, Abrara
Joralemon. Schooner Newton, from Philadelphia, March rst:
Thos Diehl jr, S M Dane, A M Zane, Rbt Robinson, Rbt Hare, Dr J
Lukens, Conrad Myer, A Hallman, MoseS Albright, Lewis Hiough,
Nichls Davis, A D Marshall, Dan Wineland, Capt D Mc DoweU, Rbt
Scott, P M Foley, H B Dick, E A Rigg, J R West, T B Taylor, Uriah
Green, E A Grosch, W J Martin, S Seifort, W T Abbott, Hy Keiper, Rbt
Farrelly, Reubn Axe, J L Hahs, S H Klapp W H Zerbe, N H Whiteraan,
H Stetter, J Flock, P Rapp, C B Taylor, H B Grosch.
Bark Algoma, from Philadelphia, March ist:
T S Barnstead, W Baker, H Hickraan, J S Smith, B L Berry, G Peter
son, J C Currin, Jno Addis, Ignatius Potts, J D BosweU, John Middle-
ton, F M Mahew, Hy Read, F L Jones, Jas Lemon, S Hammond, F W
G Johnson, Wra Brunner, W J Goods, S C Stevenson, Rodlh Leraon,

488 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Geo Barbie, J P Ward, J E Hall, L B Coffin, Josiah Lockhart, Thos
Bingham, Araos Lentz, R Leyson, J Leyson, \Vra Protherd, Jn McLean,
S McLean, Geo Keise, Douglas McLean, J P Jones, Chas L White, W G
Sterling, T D Kelly, H C Burbank, B R Lippincott, C E Fattier, P H
Snyder, W E LyndaU, F A Rarasay, Rbt Nichols, Francis Pitraan, Thos
Jones, Rt Hughes, Ed Roberts, Jn Roberts, Wra Lewis, Owen Jones
J Evans, Jas Duncan.
Ship Mason, frora Philadelphia, Feb. 2 2d:
Sara Nichols, J B Mc Minn, Capt Bell, P McGee, Dr J A Martin, R C
Johnston, W R Roberts, A Rosenbaura, Jas Harper jr, C J McElwie,
C Miller, C F Sheetz, D Buist, F G Appleton, H R Johnston, J Fitz-
water, Ben Yard, J P Hutchinson, Jas Eddie, J Hoffraan, J McCann, C P
Linton, Wra Bunn, Jos MiUer, Jno Hanna, F A Shourds, J R Eadie, W R
Findlay, E M Woodward, J Appleton, J Rosenbaura, A Jackson Mc
Caraher, J Lindsay, J B Jenkins, Levi Guss, C S Capp, J J Hoff, Sl Bird,
J C Taylor, A Taylor, J F Bishop, J Barkenbock, Geo Bosweil, T T
Brown, J Eagan and wife, — Bourke, P Hinkle, Jas Ingrahara, G H
Sweeney, A R Duncan, C Sheals, Jas Dorff, J Haines, Jno Dewitt, Dan
Kinniff, J S Connelly, Jas Mullin, C A Sraith, J Arentrone, J Smith,
E J McGitugan, Theo Watson, Lieut Jno McDowell, Jas Gibson, S Stoy-
den, L McGUl, J Mason, J F Conrad, J NiUits, A M Ruths, J McKentry,
T O'Brien, Thos Barton, J Cassiday, L J F Jager, Dan Mellon, T J Cal
laway, Rbt Murray, W Somerndike, D Brick, Thos Billings, Lord House-
raan, P Ledger, J Backenbock, J P Stratton, Wra Quinn, Dd Ackerraan,
J H Floyd, J M Reese, J Reed, A C McReynolds, A O Sraith, J R Gros-
senmeyer, W Swirer, J W Gallagher, A M Radmore, J R Mathews,
S Shrirar, Hugh McKain, Jos Turner, Ben Carpenter.
Brig Osceola, from Philadelphia, Jan. i6th:
Dr Geo Guier, WMS HiU, H W GiUingham, W H Bunn, Dr Cassady,
Wm Bassett, Wra Freed, C D Bennett, Major Slaughter, A Macarty,
J A Lessig, P Langton, G W Hart, Capt Solinsky, A Powell, Dr W H
Graham, J E Wainright, G H Weaver, J P Kleinhaus, W 'Wack, J P
Dougherty, T B Butcher, W Butcher, S K Harraan, Col G H Russell,
Samuel Christ, H B Good, J Cowden, J A Banks, S C Uphara, A S Kel
ley, C S KeUey, J W Folwell, T J Folwell, J McClelland, D L Munns,
E Boshra,H Pryor,DrH Schoenfeld, H Courvoisier, FDekut, W Arnold,
J FaUs, J A McCoy, J Kellum, W Beenkin, F MiUer, J Hiramell, J Moore,
Gen J Kepheldt, Col G Dreka, F Kline, " H Limberg, J Hertsraan,
H Brady, J Hewdegn, J Keyberger, T S Rorgor, W Fetter, G WUson,
H Hyde, H K Curaraings, R M Patterson, C Whelding, C Beenkin.
Ship Grey Eagle, from Philadelphia, Jan i8th:
Wm BurUng, G B Thomas, J Riddles, G G White, J M Thomas, A E
Davis, T H Bowen, H Prinot, W T Kershaw, M D Eyre, E B Shippen,
J B Smith, Thos 'VVright, Fdk Bradley, Wra Carara jr, Jaraes Srailey,
S J Torbert, Dr B Carman, T M Carraan, Ed Mallory, C A Gildingham,
Chas Justice, F M CaldweU, G B Bonnell, J C Dobleraan, T Dubosque,
T R Kern, Dr Parsons, C M McHenry, J H Hartman, Jaraes Neal jr,
Wra T Kershaw. M D Eyre, H A Dubosque, T Dubosque jr, T H
Thompson, W N Thorapson, C Livingston, E Halstead.

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 489
Ship S G Owens, from Philadelphia, October, '49 :
Capt Barclay, S E Platt, C Newall, J F Gould, RJF Scott, J White,
T M White, W C Kelley, E Webster, S C Hayden, H N White, G S
Lawrence, Aaron Burr, H GUmore, W Johnson, L A Tilden, D A
Caulk, J S Lindsey, J E Shaw, J Dungan, S Strawbridge, W Johnson,
C Riddle, J O Charter, F Dillon, J Widdifield, N N Gable, C B
Babbitt, J T Higher, J Snowden, G W Millward, J M Moreland, S
B Osborn, C Cochran, J Tyson, 'W H Atkins, T Shinn, R Cochran,
S C Abbott, R H Porter, J Warraack, G H Peters, Dr M F Groves,
J Redfield. R Bernard, P Martin, L Kemttz, J Buel, J Eganstine, S
McNaraes, D Towsee, M Mentor, B S Greene, E Collins, T W John
son, T Yardly, S C Lewis, J Souder, J McKinney. J Ayres, J Taylor,
C P Puttergeld, J Jacobs, C W Brock. T Rogers, S Rogers, J W
Hornbloer, J T Denmark, J W Gibbs, J M Rhodes, E W Demas, J
Raymond, G A MUlnor, J Bateson, F Sparks, T Y Morris, S T Ray
mond, T J Wood, H Wood, N Hillyer, J R Lynch, T Brown, A C
Brown, J W Cook, F W Cook, P K Hubbs, Mrs P K Hubbs, M Hubbs
and C H Hubbs, Miss V Hubbs, T Lowerly, W Ashworth, J Miner, H
Coons, C Flint, C A Fitzgerald, N Seely, S Benson, H Handy, H North.
J McDonough. H D Coggswell, W W Brock, A C Hallowell, J Foster,
T J Bayless, W A WiUiaras, G W Hall, Wra Mason, H Freeraan, Mr
Storer and wife, J Zarahlen, J Leigendorf, J Jackson, G Anderson, C
McAUister, S N Richards, Ave Sumner, F McKissick, P S Warren, C
R Cain, W Tomlinson, J ParneU, C W Hotchkiss, J A Smith, Wm Far
rington, D S Barclay, Wm McGregor, S Wilson, J Blake, Pomroy &
Reed, W Mcintosh, Stinson & Dixey, J Martin, T W Cook, J Foster,
T Hoyt. W Kennedy, R S Thomas. Mrs R S Thomas, Wm Marple, C
Marple, E B Burkhead, W W Haney, W Taylor, T May, Miss M Harris,
C Remick, F Gnoordike, S Clifton, Mr Cheeney, S S Townsend, H P
Townsend, Mr Freeman, Mr Cummings, C Perrin, Pike & PoUock, J
Lynch, W A WiUiams, Reed & Brown, W Seeler, F W Cook, A H
Cook, Mrs Zarahlen.
Stearaer Col. Stanton, from New Orleans, April i8th :
Jas Pearsoti, W A Baker, Dr R Gale, Mrs Field, Mrs Blancher, J C
Bridge, J Bolenhager, F Soicer, J D Kloppenburg, N L Claffin, B C
Hunt, — Butterworth, E H Taylor, W J Shields, J H Hancock, J W
Caruthers, J W Fisher, Jn Hudson, E Golding, J O Brown, Wra Brown,
F C Hatch, N Brooks, Wm Shipley, L Shattuck, Gbt Rednett, R A
Clark,- J A Mauzey, R P Johnston, M Spaulding, J M Curtiss, Nathan
Hale, Jewt Hale, R Carkey, W Caulfield, Jona Frisbey, D Jenkins, J
G Austin, S B Austin, W W Crawford, J Gordon, J S Morrison, C
Richardson, Wm Davis, A Haas, Jacob Matossi and wife, J T Hughes,
W L Monson, W Hendricks, Dr Slesser, Mr Field, G W Harrison, J A
Kinney, R J White, C Somerville, W Ferguson and family, D Calhoun.
Steamer Robert Morris, from New Orleans, April 2d :
Ths Armittage, Dr Alford, Jas Wright, H Hubbard, D Worman, A
Skarzinsk, W F MaUory, C Boudray, J OUiod, F M Hoffman, J S Marsh,
W D Howard, Dr Bowden, Mr Holt.
Steamer Thames, from Mobile, April 5th :
B McAlpin, R T Saunders, C R Bostwick. O Bostwick, E D Byrne, W

490 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
S Cook, J R Cooke, D Crawley, R T Thorn and family, E H Clements,
P Gamble, W H Dougherty. J D Skinner, F Canning, E Mather, J
Hodge, J Irwin, T Gassner, G Patrin, C Moniche.
Bark Montgomery, from New Orleans, March 24th :
John Curry and wife. Miss Curry, E Gerard, F Teramp, L H Brooks,
G Gahax, Mr Booth, J H Leining, F Burns, H Cook, H Dethmer, A
Webber, J L Gay, J E Knoeche, G Holmes and son, J Stone, A Meggitt,
J J Powers, M Schaffer, J T Edgar, P Ademson, C F McMurray.
Members of a corapany from New Orleans, overland, March 22d :
J Jones, D F Srayer, W P Jackson, S Jones, A Harper, E Garrison.
M J Hirk, J J Papy, J L PhiUips, R S Hernandez, C W Morraent, G N
Langford, H M Herbert, O Neely, G Woraack E J Cook, J L Tinnen.
Ship Tyrone, from New Orleans^ March 27th :
J K Kelly, Dr W A KeUy, Dr E D Hararaond, D E Salsbury, Robt
Beck, J M Duncan, Harisn Levy, E J Smith, Wm Scott, J M C Marrow,
Abm 'Vanderling, L Franciscus, J F Hays, J G Smittes, H M CarapbeU,
H T Kyle, J C Frankeburger, J C Elraes, J M Kellogg, Don Boone, J
Smith, E Cuthbert, J Hazard, M H Stopp, E J McDonald, J L Mc
Cain. Brig Perfect, from New Orleans, March 28th :
W B Teake, F W Hart, Watson Bland,wife and three children, John
Bland and two sons, Gallett, Rich, Berry, Lindly, Huraphry, McKen
zie, Rugan, Du Berthrand, Kennedy, B Knox, GiUis, Hersey. Watson.
Cunninghara, Gordon, Warner, Moore. Byrd. Bates, French, Waldron.
Meally, Lawrence, H Allen, W Allen, Cregan, Anderson, Coyle, Mc
Donald, Hanagan, HartweU, Mr Piffie and wife.
Steamer Cherokee, from Savannah, March:
H W Mercer, Rbt Gove, Wm Messer, B Baker, S W Taft, B I Hatha
way, W Habershara, S Porter, W B Hodgson, J R Wray. E H Carhart,
H R Conklin, A B Sands, S Hicks, H Hutchings, Wm M TUden, D B
Moore, N and Miss Aillreaux, Mrs aud Miss Hogan, F W Serrell. D R
Wadley. Ship Thos Bennett, from Charleston, March 24th:
Mr and Mrs Insti, Mr and Mrs Brandes, C M Bentham, Dr D H Gail-
lard, W A Robertson, D W Schraidt, C F Mattheessen, 'W and J Ryan,
E 'W Wightman, Jas Rugley, C Murhard, H Englehart, S Schultz,
M Martin, H Hadelen, J D Cordes, G H Offerraan, G Heeseraan,
T Siemenson, R Walton, B F Tutt, W McNuse, HiU Bunch, Levi Taylor,
Geo Gordon, Jos P McKinnie, Wra Allen, E A Brack, W HoUiman,
S Barnes, H Cruger, R Lowden, .Tno Falk, J Werner, F Lutz, E H Tres
cott, W Kleipten, C Dingle, R C Rice, W P Webb, C Grenver, H W
Ferrell, S W Jones, C V Rivers, G S Hariow, M Townsend, C S Mc
Keown, N W Heywood, J H Curriere, J H Behrings, J C Street. J R
Davis. H C Riley, P D Dervant, H FuUer, Mr and Mrs Bughauser.
Brig Arabian, from Baltimore, May i6th:
Mr Watkins, C F HaU, Jas Shuter, D J H HUl, Andw CampbeU,

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 491
C Foulke, W M Peterson, T M Trail, J B Stall, Thos White and wife,
Wra Lincoln and wife. Miss Laura and Miss Susannah Lincoln W R
Strother, S P Johns, B J Gray, P V Riote, I D Courtant, F M Gardner
O G Saraocia, Albt Brush. R W Verplank, S H Brown, H P Marston!
L C Middleton, J P Hooker, C C Chambers, Joth Bowraan.
Ship Andalusia, from Baltimore:
Dr Buckner, Rev Wm Taylor and wife. Miss Vir Kimberlin, Mrs A I
Reed, Mr Gold and wife, Ed Pierce, Thos King, E T Effinger, T E Hardy,
Cornls Harbaugh, R C 'Woodward, Sral Dick, S A Henry, Jthn Stover,
Hy Holtzmeyer, Hy Hants, G W Rupp, W C Chapman, Alex Watts,
H L Snyder, G W Klinefelter, D O Prince, G B Schmidt, J E Wagner,
J B Henry, P Haldoman, B F Wright, Morris Boehme, Wra Price, Geo
Gibson, B C Stone, F H Hyer, Alex Passano, J T Fuger, Alf 'Wood,
Jas Mann, Wra Canby, F "T Maynard L Harbour, Jos Bosweil, Geo
Neilson, Jas Short, Dd Price jr, Hy Sirapson, E H Thorp, Alex Brown,
J H Denson, Chas Ricketts, C Warner, J A Merrill, Calvin Kirk, S H
Smith, Jas Frazier, Jas McKinley, G J Jones, S M Drinker, Geo Shook,
Ed Looby, C P Gillinghara, E P W Wilson, Geo Toner, S B Marge, W W
McCay, Jacob Kent, J B Garvey, R P Bayley, Jcphs Grounne, L J Roth-
rick, E Conway, Dan Bailey, Jos Green, J H Daley, Jos Buchanan, T B
Price, B Rozzell, T V Smith and two sons, Jas Gallagher, W B Tarr.
W J Northerman, Danfd MUler, J S Albright, Jn Binks, Wm Bussey,
J M Wiatt, E L Wiatt, Ivory Perkins, G Thorapson, F Craig, W F
Sibert, D S Hubbard, P L Boulton, Jn Owens, Andw "Trust, M Murray,
J L Edwards, J L Finley.
Ship Jane Parker, from Baltimore, Jan. '49:
J A Browne, W E Sterratt, Bj Orrick, David F Beveridge, Geo W
Reaney, James C Wilson, WiUiam HaU, Jas R Sraith, B Bayles, Dr Wm
A Pierce, W M Carson, Geo H Gillinghara, Jno B Wagner, Washington
Shield, Madison Morris, Paul Pieda, W G and G S I Rogers, Joshua
Carson, Yarnell Balderston, Jno Hogg, Wra O Johnson, C C Jamison,
T S Collins, R R Griffith, Edward Miller, Wm McConkey, R C Maitland,
Ed W Hall, Wra Cook, Robt Baden, Julius McCeney, Jno G Johannes,
George W Jones, James A Meyers, Dr Jas S Martin, David Harris, Jno
Lucas, Wm A Wentz, Wra H Sturap, Isaac Withers, Jno W Burke,
I Atler, Ed Hall, Wm Johnson, S Guiton, George Gough, Saral Stump,
Wm H Dalriraple, .Geo Yellott, Geo W Jenkins, Mr Case, E B Piper,
J A Compton, Richd Piper, Chas and Elias Wood, Jno and Thoraas
Grason, A Dorsey, Lawrence Wriglit, Jno Maulding, I D Webster, Ed I
BarreU, R G Wicks, P Chapin, Jno Murry, John W Hanson, Rbt HBen-
nett, Jas Maitland, J C Maupin, C Schultz, J W Hanson, R H Bennett,
Jas Maitland, J C Mauphin, Robert Piper, C Shultz.
Schooner Sovereign, frora Baltiraore, Jan. i8th:
W T Preston, Abrahara Dyer, Dr Wm Deal, G H Bowly, L C Massett.
Lewis Franklin C Tippett, B A Bryson, J E Yocum, "Wm B KeUey.
R Kelley, J MitcheU, W A HamUton, James Johnson, Joseph Colgan,
Wra Hubbard, Joseph Ranson, Dr L Tyson, Wm Trump, D E Ghrist,
A Shrine, S Nusz, John Shirley, J S Love. F Cooper, T S Cooper J L
Cooper, John Elder, I D Crabbe, J H Gardiner, S T Bowers, J H Henry.

492 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
A Howard, H M Evans, D Hull, Wra P Morris, J T Shidle, M F Grove,
L S White, David Downing,
Bark Jno Potter, from Baltimore, Feb. 5th:
Jaraes Haslett, Thos W Burgess, Jno M MacKey, Jas M Woollen,
Lawrence M Maines, Thos P Cornway, Chas D Ronceray, Thoraas MUes,
Jas Daiger, Chas Reay, David Reay, Henry Brown.
St. Andrew, from Baltimore, March 12th:
R Meacham, lady and daughter, Mrs Eliza Shanks, Robt H Hall,
H R Bowie, I H and Hamilton Bowie, GranviUe S Oldfield, W Richard
son, D McDonneld, C G Ringrose, Saml P WUson, Mr Phelps, Mrs Ann
Gruber, Jas H Browne, H A Surawalt, Jno F Spence, M C Beach, C P
Stevenson, M Stillenger, R C Chanceauline, Dennis O'Connor, Mr
Sweener. Ship Greyhound, Baltimore, January 9th :
H T Austin, B G Latimer, Grabiel Winter, Wm F Prettyraan, I C
Baugher, Alexander Steck, R N Riddle, Chas I Pratt, Jos Leon, C
Wintz, Wm L Bromley, E W Crane, Jas Harvey, jr, Jos 'I'horaas, W W
and Land P Hogg, James Price, Richard Marriott, George Townsend,
Jno P Jones, Dr J W Palmer, John Sullivan, A Duportial, Wra F Stein,
G H Hewitt, Alex Smith, H C Nesbit, Wra A McWiUiams, M Duiini-
van, Louis Buctas, Jno G Arrastrong, Noah Caughy, W T Landstreet,
Benj F HiUiard, Jas B George, Jno "W Ryder, Wra E Shuter, Jno Scott,
Jno Creamer.
Ship Xylon, from Baltimore, February 3d :
Jos I Sargent, Jno Spooner, Walker Phillips, Jno R Dale, I W Hub
bard, Jno "W Gaskin, Chas Pratt, Mr Leweston, O I Crorawell, H Segle-
house, A Sargent, Jno Hinds, Jno Foster, Louis Klokgether, G Rapine,
B Randall, Jno Speights, Col I Miller, Jos Hartly, Daniel Moony, Louis
Guirrand, I R Vansant, Dr S MiUs, Dr I W Brower, Jno Leeds, Henry S
-Pierse, Jas Price, Jno McKeen, W C Shipley, Saral Sullivan, I M Webb,
Geo W Morgan, I O Sunderland, F E Sunderland, Jno F Weaver, P D
Howell, B Daugherty, R Laughlin, Henry Dixon, Benj PhUlips. Wra
Anderson, I S Seraour, Edin Bell, Wra I Martin, Dr R Haynes, Jno
Gunn, Chas Dietz, A W Shipley, Victor Goudlier, Jas Taylor, Jno F
Hunter, Andrew Kreager, G B Cole, Jno L Woods, I C Cooper, Wra
Read, Fred Hanbert, C Dorner, I Watson, Jas R Thompson, i A Greg
ory, Jas T Scarborough, Ed M HaU, I O DonneU, R Gardner, Wm
Schraidt, Michael Lynch, Chas E Hinds, G Spear, A I Hubbard, Jno
McAlister, Geo Jenkins, Richd Gladstone, Geo W Mclntyle, S L Det-
weler, Geo Schonoramell.
Schooner Viola, from Norfolk, March nth :
H P Woods, H F Loudon, C Herrington, Jas Paul, Horatio, Paul,
Owen Paul, Mr Mitchell, Chas Murphy, Dr C A Watkins, Dr W Cor-
raick. Bark J G Colley, from Hampton Roads, March i ith :
J R Langley, H W Williarason, O E Edwards, R Scott, J V McLean.
G G Capron, W J Bunkley, J C Malbon. C C Bromley. W Kirby, T H

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 493
Wilson, C Phillips, Joel Thomas, F W Jett, M R Muzzy, Wm Cariine,
Wm Holden, G B Jones, Robt Sinclair, J S Kellum, Dr B F Winfield,
Dr W E Cousins, Hy Cousins, T G Battaile, Dr C E WorreU, Wm
Dowdy, D C Lindsay, J H Kindsay, J M M Sraith.
Ship Glenmore, from Richmond, April 2d :
Col J D Manford, Seth, Sheppard, R W Crenshaw, F R Sill, E C
Moore, G Whitfield, G B Claiborne, C J Eaton, J B Robinson, Dr J C
Guy, J W Reins, W Duval, Dr J W Claiborne, A P Hodges, Dr J L
Clark, A W Talfrero, R S Jones, W H Smith, Holbt Anderson, F C
Andrew, W A Adee, S M BaUey, J P Duval, Jn HaU, P A HoxaU, Jn
Hitchcock, Chs Howell, R D Jenkins, Jn Minge, W P Marston, Jno
Nuttall, J L Poindexter, C L Scott, J C Smith, W F Vaughn, W H
Werth, S W Venable, V C Cooke, G R Bouch, T G Peachy, T C Gil
liam, J F Greene, Rd Drumraond, Lucian Fletcher Jn Larapkin, T
Meaux, W H Crank, A N Douglass, C E Jones, Jn Carrington, J D
Macklin, Ed Beazley, J C Field, E H Jones, T S Tabb, C E Yeat-
man, M K Crenshaw, J B Scott, G H Branhara, J W Chiles, J H
Shelton, C E Williaras, Even Eliason, B F Reynolds, B B Walker, J A
Peterson, S B Harris, J M Harris, J B Jackson, A L Land, W F Par
ker, F W Parker, J R Peters, Wra Urquhart, J F Bowyer, Rhd Chris
tian. Pioneers from Nantucket, continued :
Mrs E C Austin, C A Burgerr, H W Folger, T H Ferney, Mrs Thos
Russell, John Tucker, Mrs John Tucker, C S Cathcart, H L Allen, C C
Simmons, Francis Morris, Jos Mills Cook, Chas Allen, Jethro Hussey,
F M Gardner, S B Fisher, W F Worth, Mrs F M Gardner, S G Swain,
J E Weeks, G W Cook, E C Austin, Fdk. Ray, J B Gibbs, Francis Swain,
Elisha Mowry, Rd Gardner, C H Maey, Thos Russell, T P Swain, Jas G
Coffin, F Banett, F W Chase, Henry Gardner, H C Maey, David Har
per, L B Green, John House, Jonah Swain, Thos Hussey, Jas Cathcart,
J G Chase, J G Gardner, C G Clark, Wm Blessing, F W Myrick, G D
Coffin, R S Laurence, Wm Ray, Thos Holmes, F Danby, R Maey, Dani
Vincent, G A Russell, A S Chase, — Frances, Jas Folger, R R Brock, J
W Rand, W C Clark, Jos Chase, C M Rand, Geo O Harris, E B Chase.
Schooner Creole, from Baltimore, April 24th:
Geo Weasche, Ai Barney, R C Maund, Dr Jas Short, O D BaU, Dr. F.
Maund, Wm F Mercer, Hy Powles, Capt W F Sadtler, D E Miller, Wm
Canby, W H Weasche, T B De Pue, Eph Engle, Wm Job, J P Waits,
G W Feelmeyer, E T F Ziraraerman, G H Ward, Jn Doub, Jn Sanders,
Dd Clinghraan, D T Bruner, H H Baechtel, S S Bsechtel, Fred MiUer, F
J Hoover, Jas Murry, J A Freaner, A J Vaugh, Wra Houck, J S
Grahara. Ship Louis Philippe, saUed July nth:
Ed Bryant, wife, two daughters and son, Rbt Grahara and wife, Mrs
Shaw, W B Pyfer, Ed AbeU, Jos Myers, Geo Goddard, Geo Hoffman, D
M Devitt, R H Thomas, Dr Wallace, Jas Brown, Capt E Pinnix, L
Rudolphos, Laban Coffin. Mr CarroU, Ed McLeUand, Ed Dorr. J O
Battee and wife.

494 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Bark E H Chapin, sailed July 21st:
J S Bennett, W T Lancaster, C N Steele, W C Handy, J S Mitchell.
J A Siraras. Isaac Rauc, Jn McDonald, Jn Thorapson, G Thompson,
Thos Hope, Geo Sraith, J H Ruddach, W H Perdue, Wm McCann. O
G Holmes, Wra Haramond, Dr Wm McQuinn, J W Perdue, Jn Boyd.
C Huraphries. Ship Von Humboldt, from Panama, August, 1849:
Jaraes Anthony, Rev — Ashby. — Atkins, Levi Bashford. Sarauel
Badger, A A Bennett, James H Alvord, J H Brarahall, Jaraes W Black
burn, (Tea Pot) Brown, Thoraas Brown, Peter Burns, Captain John
Clar, — Canby, Dr R E Cole, D Clock, Leroy Charaberlain, Joel Colby.
Lewis Cross, William Crane. — Crearaer, Joseph Dagier, Isaac E Davis.
J P Dougherty, Count Esdulinka Dwarkowsky, Benjarain Flint, George
Gan, WiUiara A Gett, S Garratt, — Goodale, W H Gaston (Black BiU),
Samuel Gage, Thomas Goldsmith, Thoraas Ganel, Jaraes E Gordon,
Mrs Julia Gordon, James Gordon, Joseph Green, Dr Jaraes Hall, W P
Henry, Hon Henry Havens, B A Henriksen, F Holcorab, D W Hunt,
C P Huntington, Henry Ikleheiraer, Newton Ingrara, James Irvine, J
J M Julian, A M Kennedy, — Knight, W L Kirby, Jonathan Kittredge,
John B Lewis, Dr W W Light, Joel F Lightner, Rev — Lindsley, Siraeon
Mattingly, George Murray, Edgar Marvin, Dr J F Morse, E F McKenny,
C P Nichols, Col A B Perkins, S M Pratt,- Alex Praro, R E Rairaond, S
W Shaw, Egbert Sabin, Williara Shear, H H Sraith, John Sraith, Madi
son Spaulding, A M Starr, J G Seeley, Lewis Starr, J W Thompson,
Richard B Turner, W S R Taylor, L B Vandenburgh, Henry Weston,
Hiram Weston, John W Whitney, Captain Worth, Dr A S Wright, J A
Wright, Dr G Woodward.
Ship Sylph, from Panama, 1849:
W W Brand, Wra H SmaU, C C Emory, E R Waterman, J W Foster.
S Eraory, J Cushing, Ed Wilder, H A Whiting, Roraulus Norwood, Rich
ard Murphy, Irving Lawton, Orlando Lawton, A D Hatch, A Hutchin
son, S F Torrey, B W Hathaway, Dwight R Perry, Ed Pollard, J S
Richardson, F P Shaw, J W Craraer, Seneca Daniels, W Hodgkins,
T Gregory, Wm Burling, J M Taylor, P Tinker, W Torrence, Kingsbury
Root, S Van Pragg, T W Reed, Wm H Durhara, L B Gilky, Capt Os
good, P S Peters, G W Ray, T J Howland, F A Gusher, Jo Crackbon,
R H Maey, A M Swift, J E Eddy, Ed Sanderson, V Hathaway, T S Kin
ton, B Stetson, Alfred Clifford, H H Jones, C B Maey, S Kent, E C
Skinner, J E Fuller, J H MuUigan, Yates Harold, E S Youraans, J Til-
fair, Wm Turner, Dani Stewart, R Stafford, G Purdy, F M Gardner, J S
Howard. S W Langton, C B Walker, GHT Cole, T S Hascox, E K
Hathaway, J B Luther, Jason White, Geo Steere, Chas Butler, D D
Haramond, Js Merihew jr, Ed Hathaway, B W Hathaway, C H Porter,
Stephn Potter, T B Robinson, T A Skinner, Dr N Nininger, M Moorse.
A G Grant, E Greenwood, John Conness, R P Lee jr, J E Hazellton,
A B Haskins, L W Haskins, D Newcomb, Geo Eddy, D M Holding,
Thos Hussey, T R Anthony, J Stone, H D Pierce, Dr "Wesley Newcomb,
Mrs W Newcorab, son and daughter, A M Corastock, John traraer.
C Bristol, T A Sherwood, L Southard, Wra Kenyon, G R Parburt, Hy
Putney, J D Linde, J E Taggard, G S Marks, J H Browne, G S Oldfield.
Haskins Bowie, Wm C Beach, J F Spence, J Lockaby, L Pherazie, L S

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA. 495
Woodville, D Pinson, J B TherrUl, J M HUl, James HiU, C Frozee, B C
Hunt, L Clements, J M Smith, E L Winslow, E W Clark, C C D Glass
ford, H C Gardiner, W H Allen, S Davis, John S Thomas, L Wyman,
S H Paine, John Pardee, C R Saunders, David Fairchild, M D Fair-
child, Geo Bachelder, H BickneU, W Bicknell, J A Blake, J H Sheriey,
H R Bowie. Miss Ann Gruber, Hamilton Bowie, B F Hastings, RP
Wilson, Major J S Houston, Thos Pareil. M Abagge, Col Thomas, Thos
Howard, Thos Bodley, J A Read, J P "WaddeU, Joshua Lipman, J Mc
Vea, J L Chapline, B Ray, Peter Jarvis, Henry King, James Miller, O P
Cheney, Wm Akenhead, T H Scriber, L L Dickson, J Dickinson, D Dic-
inson, J Norwood. O W Flinker, J A Moody, W H Heath, B H Cran
mer, N F Ferguson, N P Price, E D Young, B Young, S B Kinton,
Alpha Frisby, Moses Clark, J E Evans, J H White.
Ship Leonore, from Boston, Feb. 3rd :
H M Greene, Jesse Sawyer, Chas. Pluraraer, E B Morse, J M Ban
croft, P H Pierce, G W Jaraeson, E R Fiske, Jabez Hatch, S H Whit
marsh, Rufus Brackett, C F Hussey, G W Tyler, Dr Lorabard. jr, H
Hilton, M L Capen, S Newell, Geo Eraerson, Royal Oliver, J A LeCain.
O Keenan, J A Clark, Hesk Roberts, Galen Poole, Joshua Mott, G A
Putnara, Jas Mclntyre, M LeBosquet, C W Sraith, S B Witherell, Chas
Main, F ChUds, Thos Pike, G W Josselyn, J N Gale. J P Crockett, W
Lewis, T Whitraarsh, F E Archibald, J C Morse, J B Stickney, H R
Chandler, Christn Rymes, C B Kingraan, Asa Wilson, jr, G W Kent, W
F Barker, R E Strall, D L Libbey, A A Dyar, W R Cady, J W Patter
son, T R Tripp. A W Randall, E W Barber, G M Davis, A S Leavitt, J
L Harvey, Wra Robbins, Josh Atwood, H C Mayers, A P Chenery, Josh
MuUoy, D N Pond, R Howes, S Bigelow, J P Jones, E D WUcomb, C B
Trumbull, G W Sawyer, G W Tow, H H Flagg, S A Porter, J M GUI-
man, Wm Jackson, T S Leonard, H H Hyde, S S Mann, Robt Bunting,
Aug Caldwell, T S Jones, L M Slack, B B Billings, H S Waterman, JD
D Gunnison, C C Perry, Chas Morrison, G H Sraith, W F Jones, Amos
Weed, E W Morse, Atkins Dpar, N T Cudar, W B Tyler, J Carter, J O
Frost, Dan Hinckley, Chas Chandler, D N Fairbanks, J J Siraraons.
Bark Rochelle, from Boston, Feb. 3rd :
Dr GranvUle, G Hayden, G F Beck, H B Evans, J S Loveland, G F
Brown, G F WiUiaras, J Ferguson, H M Wood, J B Reed, R Ward, Jn
Lynch, D E Hasselbone, Chas A Greeley, Jn Allen, T Ryan, S Putnara,
Jonas Thaxter, L A Stone, D P Bates, I S Mathews, I B Taft, C E Taft,
Jas B and Jas Caril, E G Berais, D Y Bailey, D Burett, Luke Doe, J M
Abbott, N G Dyer, D W Currier, A M Knox, R Heneage, E Quigley,
Jas Carroll, C E Carrier, B L MorrUl, B Burnhara, Wra ChurchiU.
Josiah Byrara, Dd Gurney, J T Prett, J P Pellew, G W Briggs, M G
Williams. Ship Drummond, from Boston, Feb. ist :
F E Baldwin, E A KendaU, J R Carr, L Cleaves, J A Whitmarsh.
Humpy Jameson, H W Colver, Amasa Bryant, Ed Faxon, Jn Gregory.
jr, J W Gay. Thos Emery, A Sigourney, L F Rowell, Hiram Cummmgs.
Hy Soule, P L Bliss, S W Grush, W H Tupper, Jn Holraan, S N Fuller,
M Bruwer, H M Adams, Enoch Burnett, jr, H E Gates, Jas Gibbens, G
A Hall R C M Boynson, F Z Boynson, J B White, A O Lindsay, C T

496 THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Mallett, E B Kellogg, Hy Hancock, G C Cargall, H Curaraings, J C
Trescott, G W CoJby, Albert Cook, F S Frost, A Merriara, Jn Hancock,
D C Sraith, J Lindsay, S A Stirapson, R G French, G J Lindsay,
Ship Corsair, from Boston, Jan 31st:
J B Clark, S L Wilson, Jn Taylor, Wm Ritterbush, G L Hill, F L
Soule, J M White, Alex White, H W Weed, W I Brown, Eben Had
ley, Tim Cheney, W W Burn, Moses Hill, E McAUister, H P Wilson, E
McKnabb, S E Goff, J C Goff, W B Edwards, G McAllister, I Wallace.
J M Caswell, J S Fogg, J A Gould, J McMurtry, J B Spofford, T C
Clough, Huraphrey Nichols, D E Wood, Dan EUiott, Wm Parker.
Andrew Jackson, H Jackson, J H Lawrence, C M Smith, D H Ward.
Geo PenneU, Hy Green, jr, Aug Randall, Jn Scott, Benj Soule, Wra
Curtis, C H & G W Soule, A Curtis, G L Pratt, W A Pratt, Jere Bart
lett, G D & G Bliss, A Osgood, S B Osgood, F G Phipps, Levi Staples,
Nat Baker, C F McClure, J E Blake, A S FoUey, Hy Carnes, Alex
Badlara, B L Belknap, S Q Shackford, Robt Heath, 3 & J Stackford,
H Morse, J A Hatch, Jos Eaton, J H Page, E B Waterraan, C C Eraery,
S Jackraan, T C Merrill, J S Sharp. S M Barbour, Dd Moore, Dd Marsh,
I B Gustin, Dan Haynes, J Stevenson, A C Sraith, S J Millett, Nathan
Tucker, N G Sraith, Thos Tenant, C Rayraond, D C McGregor, J Dag
gett, Gray Doe, E Daggett, T G Dunn, D B Storer, J C Bunn, Jn Mel
len, E W BrintnaU, Jas Mclntire, PhU Adams, EG WeUington, M A
Latteil, C H Simpkins, E B Jefferds, W W Curtis, H Cunningham, C H
Hall, S A Eveleth, W L Chase, Chas Foster.
From Newburyport, Jan. 23d:
C M Brown, Wra Bartlett, R Rand, C B Stover, Hy Sweetson, J K
Titcorab, A F Jacques, C W Brown, P Atherton, J H Musso, Araos
Goodwin, J B Brown, Thos Goreraiz, F Marsh, G Sawyer, Benj Pratt,
A J Sweetser, Wra Sraith, J F Daraon, B O Sanborn, A A Newall, A
G Plurastead, Jn Hovey, J W Folsora, F D Rhodes, S P Nye, C G
Boardraan, E J Christian, Wra Willey, Mich Tenney, Wra Tenny, C H
Waters, G Waters, W M Gupton, W K Hudson, G Page, A Foster, Hy
GuUifer, Rufus KendaU, G F KimbaU, J T FoUansbee, Chas WardeU, G
F Fanning, J L Brown.
Brig Randolph, from Boston, Feb. 6th:
A Watkins, T L McGuire, G F Kent, C C Hayden, G W Wallace, Wm
Bishop, A P Chapraan, Wm Cantelow, J B Dillaway, L P Murden, C
E Dodd, C A Dickerson, T H Roberts. I McClennan, W K Blanchard,
J V SuUivan, D B Kelsey, J G Bradbury, E B Styles, C Stearns, D P
Wise, Wra Slater, Wm H Taber, M D Pluraraer, R P Wyraan, A P Den
nison, R L Leach, D Hazleton, H Eastman, T Stearns, F Stebbins,
Jthn Whitmore, John Whitraore,
Ship Othello, from Charleston, S. C, Jan. 31st :
Mr. GaUoway and chUd, Mr. and Mrs, Sheppard and child, D B Cora
stock, R E Hendrix, Jos Dencke, W MicheU, Jn Nichols, G A Gilkie, M
McNolta, J S Robinson, J D Bristol, J B MiUiken, E S Johnson, W M
Jacobs, J Duncan, Dr T D Cleaveland, W G Eason, M C Woodruff, J J
Sprague, D Briggs, P Strong, W Bardett, B H Weed, S P Barr, W C
Towers, E Hoke, M Leony, J Leony, J H Witter, R H Crittenden,
A D MarshaU, J M Maxwell, Dr Fryer, W A Knight, J W Knight, G H

¦THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 497
Sraith, WF Smith L Heineraan, J W Rice, A D Ayer, J E Musser, R
N RusseU, J F Robmson.
^ Bark Walter, from Providence, R. I., March, 1849 :
J G Joyce and wife, J Manton, jr, H CorneU, J H Nichols, G B Dean,
C G Cole, E L Fenner, J H Everett, T G Hathaway, Wm Newcomb!
Geo Bowers, Dd Bowers, Dan Bucklin, W G Davis, V P Westcott, I B
Belknap, A Waterraan, N RandaU, J Winsor, E Tew, Rd Olney, W A
Bateraan, Asa Bennett, Judson White, C Capwell, H H Tiffany, W Tif
fany, G A Smith, W A Gardiner, C D Dyer, W H Allen, J F Arnold,
Job Phillips, J W Vincent,- B T WUcox, J M Fanning, D P Knowles, J
S Hazard, Gorton Spencer, Walter Mulford, Dd Rowland, S S Whiting,
J C Green, T A Pierce, Geo Eddy, J H and J P Ward, G W T Allen, J
T Fales, B Tucker, D L Larkham, C H Potter, H N Randall, G W Tay
lor, Wm Charaplin, L R Capwell, J Liddle, S Tinkhara, Sara Leonard,
Geo Smith, C H Burdick, M Cole, J E Martin, J N Saper, E Bardee, P
Brown, I G WiUiston, J C Davis, S H Oxx, T Sherman, J N Dodge, O
Sears, W T Seymour, B D Thayer, Wra Blanchard.
Bark Rhodes, from Providence, Nov. 1849 :
S Burrows, S A Pearspns, B C Tuckerraan, W H Peck, Alex Sraith, A
J Gladding, H J CrandaU, G Rounds, Jas Brownell, J L Peck, T G An
drews, J E CrandaU, T D Gladding, J B Randall, F Perry, Jhn Boyd,
Saml Back, R Haskins, P H Williams, C WiUiams, C C Rhodes, J
Leahy, J Sutcliffe, C Arnold, J Quick, M Freeborn, T S Clark, J Him-
mall, J H Chadwick, D Lindsay, M Frederic, W M Farnura, H Luther,
J M Riley, Stanton C Gage, Wm Stone, E Harris, J H Smith, J
Whipple, E Whipple, H C Peck, C Sprague, C Stone, T Capwell, H
Carpenter, Jas Chase, J A WUliams.
Ship Nahumkeag, from Providence, R.L, March 6th :
J H Mason, A B Cranston, S B Dariing, R A Perry, G F Wesson, H
A BiUings, F O Sraith, D McMiUen, J B Bradford, J B Perry, R B Bar
ton, G 'W and Wra Reynolds, J A Gardner, G A Sayles, R Handy, Jn
Hale, R B Woodward, B Bean, H Phinney, Chas Burrough, Silas Alden,
Patt Corr, A N Olney, Geo Buriingarae, S H Steere, H S TourteUot, E
C Thornton,' Chas Ford.
Bark Floyd, from Providence, R. I., March 6th :
F Mayberry, Jn Borden, J L Cogswell, H C Snow, J M Pierce, Wm
Borden, Hra Weeks, Geo Teal, C La Du, W D Aidrich, G G Gardner, F,
White, W H May, S G Gerald, Wm Taylor, J M AngeU, S A Lewis, H
Pullen, J P Grins, T Smith, T Jackson, N KeUey, I Brown, J H Holmes,
O C Hawkins, H Olney, F H Young, J H Knight, C S Walcott, J L
Sraith, G E Willard, Jas Burns, O Perrin, Jas Slocum, J Mclntire, S
Blanchard, S H Vinson, H N Cooper, J M Walker, J Walker, G B Haw
kins, A Paine, Amasa WiUis, Caleb Reraington, E C Luther, P C White,
E B WUliams, W B West, E Wilkinson, J A Hanson, G H Gardiner, J
L Munro, W M Cleary, G G Cook, S A Knight, G Gray, O Sraith, J Al-
ridge. Bark Orb, from Boston, February :
q n,inr C F Adams, WW Davis, F Poster, H P WUlis, C A Downes,
N Adams, F E Bliss, W Whittier, C S Fay, T E Dorr, O Dolbier, J L

498 THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Chaplin, N P Rice, W H Mpore, Alonzo Kinsley, R WUkinson, C A
Denny, T W Everett, Dr F Heywood, Dr W J Henderson.
Ship Taranta, frora Boston, April ist :
A Bovier, Wm A Legg, Dr Z S Booth, R M Waldron, C E Small, D
H Rice, J F Cloutman, W F Soraerby, Jand H Shaw, H M Underwood,
G Kercher. J S Gould, W Hancock. B F Griggs, J Fletcher, J Gordon,
F Sumner, H C StoweU, H Shaw, G S Gould, J Gould, P Jones, C S
Flagg. T T Bartlett. H W Chafer, S Bowen, P Larkin, A Warren. G P
Rust, J Koskin, E Brown, G Lewis, F McGuire, E West, F W Robinson,
N Watrues, S B Blanchard, C Buriingarae, W A Wilcutt, D W Poor, L
Downs, H Thoraas, S Dickerman, G Ward, W G Rider, W Morrison, J
S WiUoughby, G W Sager. A J Tuck, J C BuUins, B Swazey, M King,
Z Cushman, J C Currell. S Jameson. W Bumstead, C H Hill7 J H Bar
bour, S S Weston.
^ jBark Rio, from Piovidence, October, 1849 :
C C Baker, A A Gardner, H Richardson, C H Green, J Frason, P A
White, J Nickerson, J Baker, S Crowell, H Crocker, C H Williams, Bt
Pettis, Wra Munroe, J F Sweet, D Baxter, B Knight, H J Holden, Dr
H V Bicknell, J Warner, G W Briggs, J Fones, B Cornell, G J Jackson,
J Andrews, A J Johnson, G W Bates, G Gorton, L W Bennett, J Titus;
C W Bailey, A G Tennant, J D Vaughn, J T Briggs, A N Taylor, H A
Bailey, E B Briggs, P Nocake, O M Knight, S Underwood, T Holden,
S Nichols, J W King, J H Briggs, V G Gardner, S W Reid, D S Bel
lows, L Whipple, B W Andrews, B G Johnson, E C BeUows, V Spen
cer, J W Cole, W Dow, W Rupp, S J Eddy, G W Browning, E H
Browning, J Baker, T Lake, A A "Whipple, A J Spencer, W Vaughn,
A D Dedrich, Andrew Wood.
Bark Oscar, from Mattapoisett, Mass., 1849 :
S K Eaton, N H Barstow, Henry Barstow, S Purrington, F W Rus
sell, A G White, Geo Barrows, G Barrows, jr, M G House, Geo Briggs.
J K Dexter, I N Barrows, Benj Winslow, "Watson Clark, I B Simmons,
Chas Lincoln, TC Landers, T C Hararaond, E H Cushing, John Bearee,
N C Sturtevant, W T Bowles, W P Dexter, Albert Dexter, Alex Dexter,
Caleb Dexter, Albert Austin, C F Mendall, Wm Hoar, Dr J T Little-
bridge, J B Doraing, Nat Sears, J C Spaw, A C Bennett, Ebed Dexter.
2d, C H Church, T RandaU, Jere RandaU. J RandaU, jr. C A RounsvUle,
W P Zediewill, Peleg Gifford, Howard Nichols, T S Delano, A H Case,
Jireh Case, S H Burgess, Chas Merchant, Chas Makepeace, E S Briggs,
J D Pratt, Jos Coneia, G W Pratt, E F RandaU, Seth Wilber, J B Ran
som, jr, D B Nye, E C Hatch, I R Alden, Calvin Crowell, C Hathaway,
G T Ryder, D H PiUsbury, C H Boker, P Gibbs, P Daggett, Geo Has
kins, Erastus Page, Wra Bradley, Steven Turner. W H Brightraan, J
W Dexter,

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA.

499

Ship Vesta, from Edgartown, April 14th :
Mr Mayhew, Capt R Mantor, A Smith, E Poole, jr, M Poole, R N
Smith, H Mayhew, Dr G N Hall, S D Skiff. Matthew Coffin, M Vincent,
A J Rowlstone. Jacob Clifford, T P Wood, Geo Chase, Alfred Looki
Frank Mayhew, G M Brittles, Arial Luce, I D Rose, Jas Wilson.
Ship Walter Scott, from Edgartown, May 7th :
Henry Pease, J R Norton, W W Huxford, Moses Adams, Dan Crane,
J McNeil, M McNeU, W H Leonard, J W Coffin, C W Pease, D C Pease,
J M Coombs, J A Pease, E Lewis, H H Marchant, H Jernegan, Jere
Robinson, W H Coffin. Chas Mayhew. T Fisher. O M Vincent, M A
Robinson, I D Pease, S S Stewart, I D Pease, jr, 'W R Norton, C B arid
M P Norton, C W Pease, C A Bunting, P S Hart, T E Buder, Ed Smith.
H M Nortpn, W A Pease, S H Fisher, I N Luce, T A Mayhew, F But
ler. C Bunker, D Butts, N S Bassett, H Chase, Wra Gcff, Jas and W S
'Weeks, J Nickerspn, Sam Lppk, G Folger.
Ship Abby P. Chase, from New Bedford, November, '49 :
S D Damons, Alex Wilcox. M Long, E D Howland, M S Palraer, W
Fives, J McKenney, A Fales, A B Tripp, W H Chase, R W White, T S
Dow, R Ashley, G WBuckline, P Nye, M Buckley, T Gifford, Orin Ma
comber. T Macoraber. H H Crapo, J H Gifford. W S RounseveU. A T
Leach, S Pease, L L Ashley, G B Draper. S C Jones, W Lawrence, H
Reeds, J A Clinton, C Manchester, A A Reed, J Adaras, A Goodrich.
W M Bly. W Reed. W T Bly, O T Hipson. E C Fish. T Croach.
Brig Triumph, from Boston, November, '49 :
J C Staples. J C Phelps. J M Phillips, C Moulton. Benj and J E
Walker. Capt Loring. A W Cudworth. Jno Hathaway. D F Cummings.
D Hoxey, W D Nichols. D L Cummings. L Hathaway. N H Chase. W
and D Edson. »
Brig Delaware, from Fall River, November, '49 :
H F Staples, Abner Manchester, S BrowneU, B F Wilber. G R Walker.
P Wrighdngton. J P Gifford, B S Burt, A S Presbrey, J W Jones, W Sul-
laway, W H Thoraas, A Daryman, W G Crandell, T C Duxbury. G
Thornton. G L Lee, I C Stickney, J R Reed, T Lee, H Bissett, J Paull,
C H Paull, D Baker, L Fuller, L Hathaway, L Jones, J B GiUett, W B
Evans, A W Stiles, W Buddington, J Woodraancy. G A and O L Bas-
ett, Hy Pitts. Jas Moore, F Leonard, O A Hinkley, L Fobes, B Marvel.
B B Manchester. P G Shaw. J Shaw. G W Brown, J Irish, J H Bariow.
C Irish, Jas Lawton.
Ship Splendid, from Edgartown, September 17th :
G A Baylies, J S Smith, B N Fisher, T M Pease. E N and W Mayhe^^
S A Briggs, W Osborne, J B Osborne, C Cleaveland, "W Buckley, P B
Smith, Fcieavelend, R W Coffin, T G Coffin CH Bunker, AS Cleave
land, B Stewart, J H Bunting, S O Fisher, W Dunhan^ Jos WUbur R
B Marchant, J Cleaveland, D Kenjston, Dan Smith, S C Smith, C Vin
cent, W Sirapson. TT Powers, S Pease CGAthern J S Norton, C P

B Mayhew, W Jeffers, Paul

500

THE ARGONA UTS OF CALIFORNIA.

O Keene, G L Clasby, A R Baker, J W Davis, J T McLellan, T C Os
borne, W S Butler.
Bark Sarah, from Edgartown, September,'49.
J Morse, J H Snow, J Dillingham, C Worth, H H Sraith, L W Lewis,
B Kidder, C W Smith, W H King, E Stuart, J H Munroe, N Starks, A
I FuUer, G Fisher, D Dexter, E T Wirabering, F R Pease, T S Look. S
Raymond, P Esau, J Mosley, S B Norton, S Davis, R -F Norton, C Hux
ford. J "W Knowlton, Wra Pent, S Marchant, Dan Fisher, J Gray, C
Francis, W W Buder, C E Lewis, B Clark, J Sales, F K Wertner, 'W H
Maey, E Crocker, T Y Mayhew, Wra Tilton, J N Tilton, Jos Mayhew.
C Norton, M Look, H Weeks, J B Nickerson, U P Luce. W P Sanford,
T C Sraith, S E May, E Greenoch, J S Betcher.
Schooner Chesapeake, September, '49 :
J Marble, S Borden, W B Dean, C Alny, W Healy, J H Warren, M
Nichols, H Healy, W M Heskeith, F B Wrightington, T H Dix, C
Hatch, I T Brownell, Ben Mott, B P Brownell, R P Woodman, H A
Skinner, J Conner,°S Spink, D Sullivan, G S Bennett, S H Anthony, J
W Irving, ASC Lawton, C Warren, B P Marple, J Brownell, G T Law-
ton, T Hallet.
Ship Friendship, from Fairhaven, Aug. '49:
Capt Stott, J H Stackpole, E Folger, Mrs Stott, Dr S Sawyer, W L
B J erney, S Andrews, I W Taber, F Bates, C E Hussey, J A Macomber,
J Sherraan, L Mardn, R T Bisbee, S T Nye, W L Davis, G F Allen, W
T Ashley, H Morrison, C T Mitchell, E I Barrett, F P Taber, J P Davis,
A Wagoner, E T Nye, A Roberts, A Andrews.
Ship Mary Mitchell, from Fall River, Aug. '49:
Mrs Barnard and child, Mr King, Mr Dean, D A Brayton, O A Gager,
Jos Leland, J H Bradeen, Jere Bennett, F H Munroe, C H Briggs, A C
Carpenter, J S Place, I G Thrasher, S H Johnson, P French, E A Har
low, C F Wrightington, Ed Bennett, G Winslow, C B Fowler, G A
Burt, A Backus, S G Hathaway, B D Webster, A Powell & wife, D
Carey & wife. C King, C Nowell, E French, A B Borden, J Barnard,
L Anthony. Brig Juno, from New Bedford, Aug. '49 :
E T Cook, T J Lucas, J B Wrightington, T D Williams, P Brown, J
Barker, Phil Groves, Zeno KeUey, A P Jenney, S Jenney, L Dexter, B
E Bourne, M C King, S Hezar,' O H Parker, H Groves, R Godfrey,
J H Crittenden, J Jones, W H Curaraings, J A Barker, W Cole, M
Alger. Ship Fanny, from Holmes Hole, Aug :
Capt Russell, B C Sayer, W G Chase, R R Congdon, J Morrisey. R
C Parker, C Capen, J Thompson, P C Brock, W Bradbury, A Whippey,
G F Worth, E Do'ane, J Hinckley, T S Sayer, J B Coffin, A S Joy. B D
Maxhara, C F Maey, C F Brown, H Fitzgerald, V Riddell. R L Smith.
B R Burdett. A C RusseU, G S Clark, H W Derby, A Swain, J S Rus
sell, R B Joy, G Fitch, G Meader, W H Dodge, B Ray, D B Chase, J
F Maey, J W Folger, W C Bunker, G W Coleman, B F Coffin, F W-
Chase, F B Pinkhara, G F Hararaond, B F Pease, E P Rayraond, W C
Congdon.

THE ARGONAUTS OF CALIFORNIA. 501
Ship Olive Branch, from New Bedford, Aug. '49:
G J Place, H P Shearman, S R Dana, E Babcock, S P Pope, C
C Reed, W A Gardner, Jas Gifford, C C Case, J Humphey, J D
Parker, G C Noyes, H Long, A N Netting, G Howgate, J C Carter.
C Tallman, C Hoyer.
Brig Robert, from Fall River, Oct. '49 :
T D Chaloner, J F Pratt, W A Burt, E H Winchester, N Whalen, Rt
Porter, J H Hathaway, O Hathaway, Emery Reed, B F Clark, Alf Smith,
H R Borden, G CoUins, A Tisdale, G G Chaloner, T J Eddy, D A
Arnold, L A Crain, A G Darol, C Sanford, W Cook, Abm Manchester,
Eras Hathaway, J Manchester, Jabez Manchester, J Fish, H M Jackson,
B M Harably, G W Paine, S R Bragg, L Pickens, E L Pratt, E Nichols,
E Harris, J "T Few, J Hathaway, B Grinnell, P D Sherman, S C Danforth,
G Collins.Ship Gold Hunter, from Fall River, '49:
G L Sherraan, T Langley, D Mclnnes, J Beaton, T Ashbrook, R C
Whitney, W G Rogers, R G Sanford, C Broon. F H Brow. T Coleraan.
J Johnson, R Chatburn, Sam Brown.
Bark Otraato, from New Bedford, Aug. '49:
Capt Wra Howland, W F Hussey, J Case, J Corrie. T R Richetson.
J Perkins, J Alien, A Greene, H T Leonard, O M Brownell, E L Foster,
G Chadwick. M Fisher, C H Perry, "W A Pawn. P Y Flynn, H An
thony, A Besworth, W E Manchester, Hale Luther, D HoUey, J Sharpe.
Geo WUliams, E B Howland, E Southworth, G DeroU. C P Curaraings.
Dan Stowell, R G Luce, N Tripp, E Nye.
Ship Citizen, from New Bedford, Aug. '46:
E Howland, A S Clark, S Vance, G H Dunbar, F Robeson, L Hunt,
Jos Nye, S PoUay, W Spooner, Enoch Bearse, J Mellis, F W Hatch,
D Chase, J Lewis, F Mesher, B FuUer, L Drinkwater, E B Wood, E H
Allen, H Allen, L Tripp, C Parker, E H Auld, D B Pierce. T Kirby, L
Hathaway. A B GaskeU. I Flood.

All additional names of Forty-niners that can be obtained, will
be added in future editions of this work.