C k3 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. i*i 9333 33333 33 3 3333 333 3333 33 1 3 CITIES OP LANCASTER, Conestoga Wagon. LEBANON AND MOUNT JOY. Historical and Descriptive' Review— Industries, Institutions, Manufacturing and Business Advantages. Industries of Pennsylvania, Historical and Descriptive Review. 4®- THIS PAMPHLET IS OOMPLETJ;, and is a portion of a large Illustrated Volume of about-2000 pages, of *\'jat value and importance to F3rmers,\Merdhants, Travelers, Emigrant?,.' and all residing in or interested in the ¦, 5wth and prosperity "of Pennsylvania" and it's various Industrial an'd Professional pursuits. ¦*'?Wflttr*.' f«*W&VK*<»**W*..' PHILADELPHIA: RICHARD EDWARDS! EDITOR AND PUBLISHER. 1880. .M, 1879, by M. Edwards, in the Office of the Librarian oj Congress, at Washington. ^| sasisaiiasasaHEffasESESEsasHsasssasasESEsasasasasasasss?"' LANCASTER CARD RACK. JSscholl JIurseries, 641 HARRISBURG AVENUE, L1NCASTCR, PA. G. W. SCHROYER, PROPRIETOR, x'x.osaTST'. Cut Rowers, Bedding Plants and Floral Beams a Specialty. See page 114. . The Laijdis Soacl? Works, MT. JOY, PA., Builders of Phaetons, Light Eeekaways and Buggies, both Crush Top and Plain, ^XI> ALL KINDS OF ,BOJLX> AND DBJVING CAM I: I AG US. See page 157. A. B. LANDIS, Act. WOLGEMUTH &. GEYER, MANUFACTURERS OF Agricultural Implements, SEPARATORS, HORSE-POWERS, CORN SELLERS, &C, ftC.j JfOrA'X J')Y, PA. See page !3S. i Market Street, bet. Orange and King Streets, LANCASTER, PA., JJaNI.-I-'ACTUREIIS OF ALL KfNDSOi- FAMILY CAEBIAGES, BUGGIES, AC. Speoial attention given to Bepaiiiug. See page 152. BLACK'S MOTEL* Opp. P. R. R. Depot, Columbia. Ph.. J. P. BALT, Proprietor. STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS. Every Convenience a^d Aocomniodations See page 162. for Travellers FRANK J, STEINHAUSER, Ml! DEALER IN 307 North Queen St., Lancaster, Pa, Tuning and.' Repairing a Specialty. See page 142. '«& >T* asTortla. Q-aeeaa. St., r.ear Depot, LANCASTER, PA. H. H- POWER Proprietor. Fcnneriy of " Dill House," Frederick, and late of '* Arc tic House," Cape May. MODERN IMPROVEMENTS. BILLIARD HALL IN CONNECTION. See pige 145. PHILIP DOERSOM, MANUFACTURER o- Carnages, Buggies, Spar Bigies, Phaetons. MARKET WAGONS, &c. EGIIPSE A SPECIALTY. Sole Right for Southern Pennsylvania. W E. King St., Half Square East of Court House, see page 126 LANCASTER, PA. WIBMTEB & KICK8ECKEB, ¦^FURNITURE AND- CHAIRS,** WAREROOIVTS, 102 East King Street, Corner of Duke, See page 124. LANCASTER. P3ENNA. LAWRENCE KHAPFS EMPIRE STEAM S. E. Cor. 7th and Chestnut Streets, LOUIS E. LEVY. J,AGBR|\EER AND 4>L~ [y-IEWSRlES, Office— 143 East King Street, Seepage125. LANCASTER, PA. LAHCASTER '.J W£/0Z£/? & MOSSER, Props., Xsla.oa.ae' B-L-J.15.l23.e-, "3d. Fto^i " 4 West King Street, See page 130. LANCASTER, PA. D. H. KTJIP, Biaiiis, Patterns ai Cains, N. (Im-vy St., N^'tli of James St., IABGASTEB, FiL COMESTOGA 3vi #: ^ ,See page 142. ESTABLISHED 1785. OLD WINE STORE, -,. Kc. 29 East Kim St., Lancaster, Pa, See page 133. H. E. SLAYMAKER, Agt. , 134-14:0 Locu See page 113. ,v:-' ¦ ¦ h. «; Fashionable/ .£ Fd wnp'if-#r S -*^l j INQU ¦ ¦ ¦ . LANCASTER CARD RACK. D. LEADING FIRMS. J. FEED'K SENEB. H. M. SENEB. G. SENER & SONS, Lumber & Coal Dealers, LANCASTER, PA. Yard, N. W. Cor. Prince & Walnut streets. W. Z. SENER. See Page 123. HL ML SHBEIJfER, Jeweler, NO. 30 NORTH QUEEN ST., Lancaster, Pa. See Page 121. J. L. FREY. J. L. WEIDLER. FREY & WEIDLER, DEALERS AND PACKERS IN LEAF TOBACCO, No. 213 West King Street, LANCASTER, PA. ' See Page 120. H. L. STEHMAN & CO., WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN Fine Segars & Chewing Tobaccos, Also, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in FOREIGN & DOMESTIC LEAF TOBACCO. Factor* & Storerooms 1-252 & 254 N. Queen St. LANCASTER, PENNA. H. L. STEHMAN. See Page 118. S. 0. FRANTZ. A. H. PEACOCK, Lancaster; Pa. R. C. THOMAS, Philadelphia, Pa. CONESTOGA FURNACE, Lancaster, Pa. MATILDA FURNACE, Mount Union, Pa. PEACOCK & THOMAS, Manufacturers of Pig Iron. See Page 121. RUSSEL & SHULMYER, Family, Limeburning & Steam Purposes. Prices as tow as elsewhere and Quality guaranteed. Office : 22 East King Street. Yard : 618 North Prince St. See Page 122. ALEX. McKILLIPS, ORGAN MANUFACTURER AND AGENT FOR CHICKEEING & SON'S PIANOS, No. 320 N. Qneen St., Lancaster, Pa. See Page 123 FREDERICK VOLLMER, MANUFACTURER AND Dealer in Furniture, PICTURE-FRAMES, LOOKING-GLASSES, WINDOW CORNICE, &c. No. 309 North Queen Street, (Opposite Northern Market.) > See Page 115. DANA GRAHAM, MANUFACTURER OF ALL KINDS OF Dressing, Redding, Fine, Ladies' & Gents' Solid Siamese Pocket, AND ALL KINDS OF FANCY TUCK COMBS. JEWELRY AND FANCY GOODS. LANCASTER, PA. See Page 122. LEWIS HAliY, Extensive Marble f orks Monuments, Tombstones & Tablets. See Page 110 LANCASTER CARD RACK. d. LEADING FIRMS. A. BITNER, Gen'l Manager. C. S. MOSELEY, Superintendent. LANCASTER WATCH CO., (limited.) ^ MANUFACTURERS OF Fine Gilt & Nickel Wattes ALL WATCHES FULLY ADJUSTED AND WARRANTED. See Page 116. G. W. DODGE. B. G. DODGE. G. W. DODGE & SON, Cork Manufacturers, LANCASTER, PA. Chicago Office, No. 10 State Street. See Page 119. A. B. SHEAFFER, DISTILLER OP Pir© -Bye Whiskey, PROPRIETOR OF THE KREITER WHISKEY, Distilled in 1868. DISTILLERT-LITITZ, LANCASTER CO., PA. Store, 148 Queen Street, LANCASTER, PA. See Page US. HAGER & BROTHER, DEALERS IN Dry Goods and Clothing, Carpets, Wall Paper, Queensware, NO. 25 WEST KING ST. Lancaster, Pa. See Page 120. E. J. ERISMAN, The Shirt Maker, DEALER IN Flags, Banners, Society Paraphernalia, etc. ALSO GENTS' COLLARS, CUFFS, NECKTIES, &c. 56 North Queen St., Lancaster , Pa. See Page 123. Established 1760. GEO. M. STEINMAN & CO., Wholesale and Retail HARDWARE, House-Furnishing Goods, STOVES, PAINTS. CLASS, &c. 26 & 28 W. King: St., Lancaster, Pa. Geo. M. Steinman. Geo. M. Fkanklin. | Chas. F. Rengiee. See Page 120. ¦ Geokoe Steinman. j JER. ROHRER, WHOLESALE DEALER IN PROPRIETOR OF Rohrer's Wild Cherry Tonic. LANCASTER, PA. Set Page 11 . EDW. J. ZAHM, , JEWELER ZAHM'S CORNER, Lancaster. FINE REPAIRING A SPECIALTY. See Page 121. PHARES W. FRY, Dealer in Wall Paper, Window Shades and Fine Mirrors, No. 57 NORTH QUEEN STREET, Lancaster, Pa. . See Page US. WESTHAEFFER'S BOOK STOKE No. 63 North Queen Street. AT THE OLD STAND, COR. OF QUEEN & ORANGE STS. SIGN OF THE BIG RED BOOK. See Page US. 33 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW-INDUSTRIES, INSTITUTIONS, MANUFACTURING, &c, &c. The first white settlement in Pennsylvania was made by a colony of Swedes, who settled at and near Chester, then called TJplandt, in 1643. They remained under the Swedish governors of the Delaware colonists until 1655, when the Dutch governor of New Amsterdam took the Swedish forts and assumed the government. In 1664 the settlements on the Delaware passed, with New Amster dam, under the control of the English. In 1681 the king, Charles II, granted to William Penn, in compensation for services rendered by his father, a tract of land between the parallels of 40° and 42° north latitude, extending from the Delaware river five degrees westward. In 1682 the proprietor, accompanied by about two thousand colonists — English and Welsh Quakers — came over and founded Philadelphia. A controversy in reference to boundaries immediately arose between Penn and Lord Baltimore, the proprietor of Maryland. A deed agreeing upon the present southern boundary was finally exe cuted by their heirs in 1732, but it was not until the year 1767 that it was surveyed and its position definitely marked. At every fifth mile large stone posts were set, bearing upon one side the arms of the Penns, on the other those of the Baltimore family. The line they marked is " Mason and Dixon's Line," since made famous in American political controversy. The colonists under Penn's leadership were English and Welsh Friends, and the wise and humane policy adopted by them, in their dealings with the Indians, secured them and their descend ants from that constant succession of Indian hostilities from which the other colonies suffered. A German immigration, begun about 1750, peopling the counties adjacent to Philadelphia, was the first large accession to the original Swedish and Quaker colony. Next was a considerable immi gration of Scotch and Irish, which diffused itself extensively over the State. From the day that Pennsylvania renounced her allegiance to the crown of Great Britain, and dissolved and overthrew the proprietary government, her march has been steady and uninterrupted in the course of political, social, commercial and mechanical prosperity. In population she exceeds the Netherlands, Switzerland, Denmark, Scotland, Portugal, Greece, Chili, Morocco, Colombia, the Argentine Confederation, Peru, Venezuela, Bolivia and Paraguay, and, in dignity of character, as a people, she knows no superior. Since 1776 great cities that were unknown have grown up within her borders, and thousands now dwell where at that time was a wilderness frequented by wild ani mals. Allegheny City, Erie, Harrisburg, Lancaster, Norristown, Pittsburgh, Reading, Scranton| Wilkesbarre, Williamsport and York were then, some of them, mere straggling settlements, and niost of them did not exist. Pennsylvania was one of the thirteen original States of the Union, and, with regard to popula tion and wealth, second to New York only. The State extends from 39° 43/ to 42° 15' north latitude, and from 74° 40' to 80° 40' west longitude. It is bounded on the north by New York and Lake Erie, on the west by Ohio and West Virginia, on the south by West Virginia, Maryland and Delaware, and on the east by New York and New Jersey. It has the shape of a rectangle, which is 303 miles long from east to west, and 176 miles wide from north to south, and includes an area of 46,000 square miles, or 29,440,000 acres. Its boundaries are straight lines, with the exception of the eastern, which is formed by the Delaware river, and the western extremity of the northern, which is formed by Lake Erie. 34 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. SURFACE. Pennsylvania is naturally divided into three parts : a southeastern district of plains and scat tered hills ; a mountain belt of symmetrical and parallel ranges ; and a western table land of a roll ing surface, deeply furrowed by valleys of erosion. 1. The southeastern district is bounded on the northwest by the Blue or Kittatinny mountains, and on the east by the Delaware river, and corresponds to the "middle country" of Virginia. Along the banks of the Delaware, below Trenton, N. J., there extends a narrow plain of low land, rarely exceeding a few miles in width or a few feet in height above the sea level, and in which is situated the larger portion of the city of Philadelphia. From this plain the ground rises, gently in some parts, boldly and with hilly slopes in others, and gradually ascends to a thousand feet at the base of the Kittatinnies. The surface of the district is undulating or rolling, and along the borders of the water-courses often presents scenery of great boldness and picturesque beauty; for example, on the well-known Wissahickon, near Philadelphia, on the Brandywine, the Schuylkill, and elsewhere. The country lying along the Kittatinny mountains, known as the Cumberland valley, is a part of the "great valley" which extends through the entire length of the Appalachian system, from Canada to Alabama. But the mountain ranges that elsewhere cut off the great valley from the open country on the seaboard, sink in Pennsylvania beneath the plain for a distance of 60 miles, so that the Cum berland valley is but partially bounded by the South mountain of Adams, Franklin and Cumberland counties (the continuation of the Virginian Blue Ridge), the Forest hills in Berks and Lebanon coun ties, and the South mountain of Berks and Bucks counties (the continuation of the highland belt of New Jersey). The detached ridges which traverse the countrjr to the south of the Cumberland val ley are the Welsh hills, between Lancaster, Berks and Chester counties, the Conewago hills of York and Dauphin counties, and the Copper-mine ridge in Chester county, while isolated mountains of trap rock, like the Haycock in Berks county and the Round Top in York, add another feature to the scenery. 2. The mountain belt extends through the State in a width of about 50 miles, between the Kit tatinny mountains on the one side and the Alleghany mountains on the other. The latter range includes the culminating ground of the State, and has a mean elevation of 2000 feet, and summits of 2500 feet above the sea level. Its northern extremity rises from the table land of Wayne county (which enters this State from New York, where it forms the base of the Catekill mountains), runs for 40 miles straight south, 63° west (here known by the local name of Great North mountain), and then setting north for 10 miles, and giving issue to the waters of Muncy creek, it takes a new depart ure south, 85° west, to the ravines of Loyalsock creek and Lycoming creek. From this point the range makes a straight line south, 62° west, to the gorge at Lock Haven, where the West Branch of the Susquehanna river breaks througn it; and thence to Maryland, it forms a nearly unbroken wall of rock, 1000 feet above its eastern base, trending south, 50° west, from Black creek to Altoona, and thence south, 29° west. Between this great wall (the precipitous eastern slope of the Alleghany mountains) and the Kittatinny mountains there is a large number of ridges with uniform slopes, being in many cases unvaried by ravine or gully for many miles. The crests are for the most part sharp, and for long distances preserve the same height, being only here and there interrupted by notches, some of which descend to the valley levels, and give passages to the streams of the country. In many instances two parallel ridges unite at their extremities, and inclose a deep, narrow, oval valley, resembling a long, sharply-pointed canoe or skiff. This mountain belt is intersected near the middle by the valley of the Susquehanna river, which is very irregular in width, now contracted by the jutting mountains on each side, now widening to 20 and 30 miles by valleys running up between these mountains. To the east of the Susquehanna valley lies the anthracite region, which includes the Pottsville and Mine Hill basin, between the Sharp mountains and the plateau-like Broad mountain; the Sham- okin and Mahanoy basin, between the Lime mountain and the Mahanoy and Little mountains; the Beaver Meadow mountain basin, extending to Bucks mountain in the north, and intersected by numerous short ranges; and, lastly, the Wilkesbarre and Scranton basin, also known as the Wyoming valley, which is bordered on the southeast by the range of the Wyoming and Moosic mountains,1 and on the northwest by that of the Knob mountain, Shawney range, Capon's range and the Lackawanna mountains, and which is, perhaps, the most perfect of the canoe-shaped valleys of the State. The East Branch of the Susquehanna river enters it near the middle of its northern rim, flows through a INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 35 IEON AND STEEL MANUFACTUBE. '36 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. large portion of it in a southwesterly direction, and leaves it through a gap in the Wyoming mountains. Between the last-named range, the Delaware river, the upper course of the Lehigh river, and the Kittatinny mountains, there extends the Pocono, or Poco wilderness, which consists of the " Shades of Death," a region of swamps and laurel thickets, the haunt of the panther, the bear, and other wild animals, and extensive beach-timbered plateaus, 2000 feet above the sea. It chiefly includes Pike and Monroe counties. That part of the mountain belt which lies west of the Susquehanna valley may be termed the Juniata country. The traveler who crosses it from the Blue to the Alleghany mountains has to pass everywhere over narrow mountain ranges and through broad and fertile valleys. Leaving out the unimportant ones, they may be enumerated as follows. The first long chain that succeeds the Blue is that of the Tuscarora mountains, and west of it lies the Tuscarora valley, 50 miles long and curving from the Susquehanna river to Fulton county. Then follows the composite range of the Shade and Black Log mountains, beyond which is the long valley, commencing at Middle- burg, in Snyder county, and running to Lewistown, where it becomes the Juniata valley proper. At Newton-Hamilton it becomes the great Aughwick valley, and enters Maryland at Werefords- burg. For a hundred miles it preserves a width of about eight miles. Kishacoquillas valley, back of Lewistown, is inclosed between Jack's mountain and Stone mountain at its southern end, and the Seven mountains at its northern end: It is about 53 miles long, and nowhere exceeds four miles in width. The Stone valley is shut off from all connection with the Susquehanna country by the circus of the Seven mountains, and bounded by Stone mountain in the-«ast, and Tussey's mountain in the west. Huntingdon stands in the center, and Warrior's ridge occupies the middle of its floor. From the end of Terrace mountain, rising 1200 feet above the Juniata river, the tourist may overlook the scene and enjoy one ot the grandest landscape views in the State. Broad Top mountain, in Huntingdon and Bedford counties, reduces its width (elsewhere 12 or 16 miles) to four miles. West of Tussey's mountain and Nittany mountain lies the Nittany valley, which is bounded on the west by the Bald Eagle range, and on the northeast by the Bnffalo mountain, and has a length within the State of 110 miles, but varies in width from four to 20 miles. It is everywhere fertile and well settled, and abounds in deposits of hematite iron ore. The Bald Eagle valley is the last of the series, and faces, for 160 miles, the wall of the Alleghany mountains from Muncy, on the North Branch of the Susquehanna, to the Maryland State line. For 100 miles it is bounded on the 'southeast by the Bald Eagle mountains. For 35 miles the Susquehanna flows through it; the next 40 miles are traversed by Bald Eagle creek, and then the drainage is reversed into the Juniata for 41 miles. Near the head waters of the Frankstown Branch the valley widens and forms a hatchet-shaped cove, in which are the fields, furnaces and iron mines of Hollidaysburg and Frankstown. The next 20 miles are occupied by the head waters of the Raystown Branch, and here opens the Bedford valley to the east. 3. The western table land occupies one-half the area of the State, and extends from the crest of the Alleghany mountains toward New York, Lake Erie and Ohio. It includes the Mehoopany mountain in Sullivan county, which extends beyond the Susquehanna at Tunkhannock, the Towanda mountain in Bradford county, and the Blossburgh mountain and the Crooked Creek mountain, both in Tioga county. This northeastern part of the table land is the region of white- pine forests and the Susquehanna lumber trade. The southeastern part is intersected by Negro mountain, Laurel ridge and Chestnut ridge. The last two ranges inclose the Ligonier valley, and, where they are intersected by the Youghiogheny river, present scenery both grand and beau tiful. RIVERS. The principal rivers of Pennsylvania empty either into the Atlantic ocean through Delaware and Chesapeake bays, or into the Ohio. The water-shed between these two drainage systems follows the southern extremity of the Alleghany mountains, turns northwest in Somerset county, and then intersects the western table land in Clarion, Elk, McKean and Potter counties. The Ohio river is formed at Pittsburgh by the confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers. The former receives Conewango, Oil and French creeks, from the northwest, and Tionesta creek, Clarion river, Red Bank creek, Mahoning creek, Crooked creek and Conemaugh river from the INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 37 38 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. east. Into the Monongahela river empty the Youghiogheny and several small creeks in Greene and Washington counties. The Susquehanna river drains nearly one-half of the area of the State. It is formed by the East and West branches, which unite above Sunbury in Northumberland county. From this point the stream flows south to the mouth of the Juniata river, and, turning southeast, passes by Harris- burg and Columbia, and empties into the northern extremity of Chesapeake bay, at Port Deposit, Maryland. The principal tributary of the Susquehanna is the Juniata river, which is formed by the confluence, below Huntingdon, of the Frankstown and Raystown branches, follows an easterly course across the mountain belt, and empties above Petersburg. The Delaware river rises on the western declivities of the Catskill mountains, New York, m two branches — the Main or Coquago branch, and the East or Popacton branch — which unite near Han cock, Delaware county, N. Y. Thence the river flows southeast, separating New York from Penn sylvania to Port Jervis, where it turns southwest and flows along the northern base of the- Shawan- gunk mountains of New Jersey. At the Delaware Water Gap it traverses the celebrated notch between the Shawangunk and Blue mountains, which rise nearly 1200 feet above its banks, and thence follows a southerly course to the South mountain, a few miles below Easton. Here it turns again southeast as far as Trenton, N. J., where it falls over a rocky ledge and meets tide-water, 132 miles from the sea. Flowing once more in a southwesterly direction, it passes by Philadelphia, and gradually expands into Delaware bay, between the States of Delaware and New Jersey. It is navigable to Philadelphia for the largest vessels, and for smaller boats to Trenton. The area drained by the Delaware is estimated at 11,250 square miles. The principal tributaries are Lackawaxen creek, the Lehigh river, Schuylkill river, and Brandywine river. . CLIMATE. The climate of Pennsylvania varies considerably with the elevation above the sea, and, while the lower portions of the State have very hot summers, with the thermometer rising to 100°, the higher portions have pleasant summers, but long and severe winters. The mean annual tempera ture is over 52° in the southeastern counties, and decreases to 48° and 44° in the central and northern counties respectively. The amount of rain and snow which falls varies from 36 to 40 inches. In the southeast corner it is nearly 48 inches. VEGETATION. The vegetation of Pennsylvania is rich and varied. Extensive forests cover much- of the mountain belt and the western table land, consisting of pines and coniferous trees in the north- central parts of the State, and of deciduous trees in the rest of the State. Climbing plants, such as the wild grape, the trumpet flower, etc., are quite abundant, and greatly add to the attractive beauty of the forests. The undergrowth consists largely of flowering shrubs, as the " laurel," a species of rhododendron, the azalea, and many others. POPULATION. The population of Pennsylvania in 1790 was 434,373; in 1800, 602,365; in 1810, 810,091; in 1820, 1,047,507; in 1830. 1,348,233; in 1840, 1,724,033; in 1850, 2,311,786; in 1860, 2,906,215; and in 1870, 3,521,951. Of these there were 3,456,609 white, 65,294 colored, 34 Indians, 13 Chinese, and 1 Japanese. MINERALS AND MINING. Although Pennsylvania has no deposits of precious metals, its iron and coal treasures alone render it one of the richest mining States of the Union. The anthracite coal fields, in the mountain belt between the Susquehanna and Delaware rivers, have already been mentioned. The bituminous coal is nearly all produced in five counties— Greene, Fayette, Washington, Monroe and Alleghany; and the semi-bituminous coal, which is largely used for manufacturing purposes, is produced in the counties of Tioga, Bradford, Center, Cambria and Huntingdon. The coal product of the State, in 187Q, was computed to have been 7,675,841 tons of bituminous coal of all kinds, and 15,849,899 tons of anthracite coal, making a grand total of 23,525,740 tons. Petroleum was known to exist in Pennsylvania at a very early day, but it had no commercial importance until 1859. Since then the oil regipns on Oil creek and on the Shenango river have yielded immense quantities of this useful substance, not only for home consumption, but also for export into foreign countries. In 1859 the petroleum product amounted to 82,009 barrels ; in 1864 to 2,116,109 barrels; and in 1870 to 5,659,000 barrels, of which 3,279,951 barrels were exported. INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 39 Pennsylvania is the first "iron" State in the Union, and produces more of this metal and articles manufactured from it than all the other States and I territories together. The mines are scattered through- 1 out the mountain belt, the southeastern district, and, I to a more limited extent, through the western table | land. Salt springs occur chiefly in the valleys of the I Monongahela, Kiskiminetas and Beaver rivers, which! yield about 1,700,000 bushels annually. Limestone, [ marble, slate, and superior building stones are very I abundant. Marble is found chiefly in Chester andl Montgomery counties; the slate of York and Lehigh I counties is of superior quality ; zinc mines are worked I near Bethlehem and in Huntingdon county; graphite I is obtained in Bucks county, and nickel from the I "Gap Nickel Mines," in Lancaster county, the only I ones in the United States. Chromium occurs in great quantities in Chester and Lancaster counties, and salt-peter deposits have been discovered in the central parts of the State. According to the census report, the mining products of the State, in 1870, had a value of $76,208,390, of which $38,436,745 were for anthracite coal, $13,921,069 for bituminous coal, $18,045,967 for petroleum, $3,944,146 for iron, $618,229 for slate, $873,879 for stone, $235,555 for zinc, $101,000 for marble, $24,000 for nickel, and $7,800 for copper. AGRICULTURE. Pennsylvania has a very large amount of the best farming soil in the country, and is pre eminently an agricultural State. The richest lands are in. the picturesque valleys intervening between the numerous mountain ranges of the interior and in the southeast portion of the State, embracing the counties of Delaware, Bucks, Montgomery, Chester, Lancaster, Lebanon, Berks and Lehigh. The northern tier of counties, lying on the table land north and northwest of the Alleghany mountains, is less productive, and as yet but thinly settled. In 1870 there were 174,041 farms in Pennsylvania, of which 61,268 contained from 50 to 100 acres; 48,151 from 20 to 50 acres; 38,273 from 100 to 500 acres; 15,905 from 10 to 20 acres ; 152 over 500 acres; and the remainder, 10,292, under 10 acres. The farms included 11,515,965 acres of improved land (or 39.12 per cent of the area of the State), 5,740,864 acres of woodland, and 737,371 of unimproved land. The cash value of farms amounted to $1,043,481,582, and of farming imple ments, $35,658,196. The estimated value of all farm productions, including additions to stock, etc., was $183,946,027; of orchard products, $4,208,094; of market gardens, $1,810,016; and of forest products, $2,670,370. The farm productions were : spring wheat, 322,328 bushels; winter wheat, 19,350,639 bushels; rye, 3,577,641 bushels; Indian corn, 34,702,006 bushels; oats, 36,478,585 bushels; barley, 529,562 bushels; buckwheat, 2,532,173 bushels; Irish potatoes, 12,889,367 bushels ; sweet potatoes, 131,572 bushels; tobacco, 3,467,539 pounds; wool, 6,561,722 pounds; butter, 60,834,644 pounds; cheese, 1,145,209 pounds; flax, 815,906 pounds; maple sugar, 1,545,917 pounds; sorghum molasses, 213,373 gallons; hay, 2,848,219 tons. The live stock had a value of $115,647,075, and comprised 460,339 horses, 18,009 mules and asses, 706,437 milch cows, 30,048 working oxen, 608,066 other cattle, 1,794,301 she%), and 867,548 swine. MANUFACTURES. No State in the Union has greater facilities for manufacturing than Pennsylvania, in its abun dance of water power, coal and iron. According to the census of 1870, there were 37,200 manufac turing establishments (the largest number of any State in the Union), against 22,363 in 1860, using 6230 steam engines, of 221,936 horse power, and 7603 water wheels, of 141,982 horse power. There weire employed 319,487 hands, of whom 256,543 were males above 16 years of age, 43,712 above 15 years' of age, and 19,232 youths. The capital invested in manufacturing was $406,821,845 ; the wages paid amounted to $127,976,594; the materials consumed had a value of $421,197,673; and the goods 40 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. COAL-MINING AND COKE-BURNING. INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 41 and commodities produced a value of $711,894,344 (being second only to that of the State of New York). The following were the products of industry exceeding $1,000,000 in value: Jewelry $ 1,664,431 Tanned leather 19,828,323 Curried leather 5,429,833 Morocco 3,225,041 Lime 2,058,675 Distilled liquors 4,618,228 Malt liquors 7,056,400 Picture and mirrorframes 1,140,973 Planed lumber...: 6,323,605 Sawedlumber 23,930,985 Machinery 13,102,370 Steam engines and boilers 8,922,401 Malt 1,721,205 Marble and stone work 4,843,302 Packed and cured meat 6,810,692 Refined sugar 26,731,016 Animal oil 1,065,089 Linseed oil 1,043,534 Lead and zinc paint 3,776,360 Paper (writing, printing and wrapping) 4,626,946 Patent medicines and compounds 6,344,796 Printed cotton and woolen goods 6,113,584 Printing and publishing 13,482,449 Saddlery and harness : 3,051,771 Sash, doors and blinds 5,911,671 Saws 1,235,184 Ship-building, repairing and ship materials 3,083,244 Silk goods 1,632,900 Soap and candles 3,149,481 Bessemer steel -. 1,405,000 Cast and forged steel and steel springs 1,984,663 Stone and earthen ware 1,650,747 Tin, copper and sheet-iron ware 5,311,810 Tobacco and cigars 6,234,493 Umbrellas and canes 2,049,793 Turned and carved wood 1,105,470 Woolen goods 27,361,897 Worsted goods 7,883,638 Agricultural implements. $ 3,652,295 Blaeksmithine 5,398,589 Bleaching and dyeing 7,285,114 Book-binding 3,588,623 Boots and shoes 16,864,310 Brass-founding and finishing. 2,030,055 Bread and bakery products 5,597,291 Brick 6,071,209 Carpentering and building 27,336,490 Carpets 10,218,621 Carriages and wagons 6,682,302 Passenger and freight cars 9,288,041 Men's clothing. 21,850,319 Women's clothing 1,158,237 Rectified coal oil 15,251,223 Confectionery 2,491,332 Cooperage 3,209,470 Cordage and twine 1,701,511 Cotton goods 16,626,101 Drugs and chemicals 8,451,991 Fertilizers 1,625,200 Flour and meal 49,476,245 Furniture 7,491,032 Gas 4,113,374 Gas and lamp fixtures 1,171,783 Glassware 7,407,135 Hardware 1,537,687 Hats and caps 2,813,766 Heating apparatus 1,197,066 Hosiery 5,306,738 Iron blooms 4,881,431 Forged and rolled iron 57,976,471 Bolts, nuts and rivets 3,112,307 Nails and spikes v 6,783,699 Wrought-iron pipe 4,582,394 Pig iron 32,636,410 Iron castings 15,089,415 Stoves and hollow ware 3,668,880 COMMERCE, RAILROADS, ETC. Although Pennsylvania is not a seaboard State, its great maritime port, Philadelphia, gives it easy access to and from the ocean and good facilities for foreign commerce. In extent, of exporta tion and importation, Philadelphia is the sixth port of entry in the Union. The only other ports of entry of the State are Pittsburgh and Erie. The commercial fleet of the State comprises about 5000 vessels of all kinds, with an aggregate of nearly 700,000 tons. Of these, Philadelphia has more than 4000 vessels, Pittsburgh over 500 vessels, and Erie about 150 vessels. During the fiscal year ended December, 1879, the total value of imports from foreign countries at Philadelphia was $27,224,549; and of exports of domestic commodities to foreign countries, $50,685,838; of which $7,830,635 was carried in American, and $42,855,203 in foreign vessels — the commerce of the port aggregating, in round number, $78,000,000. • Of far more importance than the foreign commerce is the domestic commerce of the State, owing to the vast amount of its home productions (coal, iron, agricultural products and manufac tures). The natural highways of commerce are limited, and consist in the navigable waters of Lake Erie and the Delaware river, which only touch the borders" of the State. The means of communi cation comprise very complete systems of railways and canals. The principal lines of the former are — the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Erie Railroad, the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad, the Philadelphia and Erie Railroad, the Alleghany Valley Railroad, the Cumberland Valley Railroad, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Rail road, the Lehigh Valley Railroad, the Northern Central Railroad, the Oil Creek and Alleghany River Railroad, the Pennsylvania and New York Railroad, the Philadelphia and Reacting Railroad, tht. Pittsburgh, Washington and Baltimore Railroad, and the Philadelphia and West Chester Railroad. The canal system of Pennsylvania is very complete, and comprises 12 distinct lines, with a total length of 920 miles, of which 507 are within the limits of the State. The Schuylkill Canal is 108 miles long; the Pennsylvania Canal (360 miles long) has 169 locks, 536 bridges, and 68 aqueducts; of the Delaware and Hudson Canal (108 miles long), but 25 miles are in Pennsylvania; and the Erie and Pittsburgh Canal intersects the northwestern tier of counties. WEALTH, TAXATION AND DEBT. The taxable property of Pennsylvania was assessed in 1870 at $1,313,236,024, of which $1,071,680,934 were for real estate, and $241,555,108 for personal property. The true value of real 42 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. and personal property was estimated at $3,803,340,112, against $1,416,501,818 in 1860. The public debt of the State was, on November 30, 1871, $29,779,820. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 1872, $2,476,326 were paid by the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, leaving a debt of $27,303,494. From this sum should be deducted $9,300,000, being assets in the sinking fund, and $1,482,455, being cash balance in the treasury. This would make the amount of debt unprovided for, $16,521,039. The total debts of the counties in 1870 amounted to $49,173,850, and those of cities and towns to $8,741,649. The receipts of the State Treasury during the fiscal year ended November 30, 1872, were $8,625,446, of which $7,148,637 were ordinary receipts, the remainder being the cash balance on hand from the preceding year. The disbursements were $7,142,990, of which $2,960,631 were ordinary expenses, $2,476,326 were loans, etc., redeemed, and the balance, $1,706,032, was applied to the payment of interest on loans. The balance of cash remaining in the treasury on November 30, 1872, was $1,482,455. EDUCATION, PRESS, ETC. The first permanent school fund was created in 1831, and therewith the first foundation was laid for the public-school system. In that year the State had but 93 school districts, with 451 schools. In 1838 there were 840 districts, with 5269 schools. In 1857 the law for the establishment of 12 normal schools was passed. In 1871 the State was divided into 2023 school districts, in which there were 15,700 public schools, inclusive of 5634 graded schools. The population of school age (from six to 21 years) numbered, in 1870, 975,753, of whom 834,614 were enrolled. The number of teachers was 18,021, viz.. 7720 male, and 10,301 female. The total school property was estimated at $16,889,624, and the total expenditures for school purposes amounted to $8,580,918 (for the year ended June 8, 1871). Pennsylvania has five normal schools, which are located at Millersville, Edin- boro, Mansfield, Kutztown and Bloomsburgh. The receipts of the normal schools were $161,303, and the expenditures $149,819. The number of private schools was 346, and of academies and high schools, 161. • The pupils of these two classes of institutions numbered 19,394, and the number of teachers giving instruction therein, 720. Of the 30 universities and colleges in the State, the following are the most prominent: the Uni- ¦ versity of Pennsylvania, founded in 1755, and located at Philadelphia; Dickinson College (Method ist), at Carlisle; Washington and Jefferson College, at Washington; the Moravian College, at Beth lehem ; Alleghany College, at Meadville ; the Western University, at Pittsburgh ; La Fayette College (Presbyterian), at Easton ; Lehigh University, at South Bethlehem ; Pennsylvania College, at Gettys burg; Haverford College (Quaker), at West Haverford; the Augustinian College of Villa Nova (Roman Catholic), in Delaware county; Lewisburg University, at Lewisburg; St. Vincent's College (Roman Catholic), in Westmoreland county; Muhlenburgh College (Lutheran), at Allentown; and Franklin and Marshall College, at Lancaster. According to the census of 1870, the six universities of Pennsylvania had 127 teachers, of whom 17 were females, and 1391 male and 170 female students. There were six medical, two dental, 11 theological, one agricultural and eight commercial schools in the State. The earliest newspaper of Pennsylvania was the "American Weekly Mercury," which was issued in 1719 by William Brady. In 1776 there were published nine papers; in 1810, 71; in 1850, 310; in 1860, 367; and in 1870, 540. PENAL AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. Pennsylvania has two State Penitentiaries, one at Allegheny City and the other at Philadelphia. In both the convicts are subjected to solitary confinement. The three State Lunatic Hospitals are located at Harrisburg, at Dixmont, near Pittsburgh, and at Danville, in Montour county. Among the many charitable institutions supported by private endowment, the Pennsylvania Hospital, with its insane department, and the Girard College for Orphans, both at Philadelphia, are the most con spicuous. The Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason was founded at Philadelphia in 1813 by the Society of Friends, and the Woodbrook Insane Hospital in 1859, at Media. The Deaf and Dumb Asylum in Philadelphia was opened for the reception of patrons in 1825. The "Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind" is also located in Philadel phia, and was founded by an incorporated society. In 1853 the Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble-minded Children was organized at Germantown, but has since been removed to a farm near Media, in Delaware county. In no State is there made more liberal provision than in Pennsylvania for the orphan children CO o P THE GIRARD-AVENUE BRIDGE, 1000 FEET LONG AND 100 FEET WIDE, IN FAIRMOUNT PARK, PHILADELPHIA. 44 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. of soldiers who fell during the civil war. In 1872 there were 39 orphan schools in the State, and the number of children therein was 3720, while to November 1st, 1872, there had been expended for this purpose the sum of $3,467,543. STATE HOUSE AT HARRISBURG. — GOVERNMENT. The territory embraced within the present limits of Pennsylvania was granted by Charles II to William Penn, and was settled by English and Welsh Quakers, under his direction, in 1681. The State Constitution was adopted in 1776, and has since been amended in 1838, 1850, 1857 and 1871. In December, 1873, a new Constitution, to take effect January 1st, 1874, except in certain specified instances, was submitted to the people and ratified by nearly 150,000 majority. Under its provisions the executive department consists of a Governor, elected for four years; a Lieutenant-Governor, elected for the same time; a Secretary of the Commonwealth, an Attorney-General, and a Superin tendent of Public Instruction, the first two nominated by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate during pleasure, the latter for a term of four years ; a Secretary of Internal Affairs, elected for four years; an Auditor-General, elected for three years; and a State Treasurer, elected for two years. The legislative power is vested in a General Assembly, consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives. Senators are elected for a term of four years, and Representatives for two years. The number of Senators is 50. The members of the House of Representatives are apportioned among the counties on a ratio obtained by dividing the population of the State by 200. Any male citizen, 21 years of age, who shall have been a citizen of the United States for one month, who shall have resided in the State one year (or six months, if a former elector therein), and in his election district two months, is entitled to vote. The judicial power of the State is vested in a Supreme Court, composed of seven judges, elected for a term of 21 years; in Courts of Common Pleas, which shall have one judge for every district of 40,000 inhabitants, and who is to be elected for 10 years ; in Courts of Oyer and Terminer, General Jail Delivery, Quarter Sessions, and Orphans' Courts, which are to be presided over by the judge of the Common Pleas Court in the same district. Pennsylvania is divided into 67 counties, the population in 1870 and 1860 being as follows : Comities. 1870. 1860. Adams 30,315 28,006 Allegheny 262,373 178,731 Armstrong ... 43,382 35,797 Beaver 36,150 29,140 Bedford 29,635 26,736 Berks 106,701 93,818 Blair- 38,051 27,829 Bradford 53,204 48,734 Bucks 64,337 63,578 Butler 36,510 35,594 Cambria 36,569 29,155 Cameron 4,273 Carbon 28,144 Center 34,404 Chester 77,806 Clarion 26,960 Clearfield 25,740 21,033 27,000 74,578 24,988 18,759 Counties. 1870, Clinton 23,211 Columbia 28,766 Crawford 63,794 Cumberland .. 43,912 Dauphin 60,736 Delaware 39,403 Elk 8,488 Erie 65,972 Fayette 43,284 Forest 4,010 Franklin 45,365 Fulton 9,360 Greene 25,887 Huntingdon .. 31,295 Indiana 36,139 Jefferson 21,656 Juniata 17,390 Total population in 1860. 17,723 25,065 48,75540,09846,75630,597 5,915 49,432 42,126 9,131 24,343 28,100 33,68718,270 16,986 1870, i Counties. 1870. 1860. Lancaster 121,340 116,314 Lawrence 27,298 22,999 Lackawanna Lebanon 34,096 31,831 Lehigh 56,798 43,753 Luzerne 160.737 90,244 Lycoming 47,628 37^399 McKean 8,825 8,859 Mercer 49,979 36,856 Mifllin 17,508 16,340 Monroe 18,362 16,758 Montgomery.. 81,212 70,500 Montour 15,344 13,053 Northampton 61,433 47,904 Northumb'l'd 41,449 28,922 Perry 25,447 22,793 Philadelphia ..657,277 565,529 502,311; in 1860, 2,906,115. Counties. 1870. Pike 8,436 Potter 11,265 Schuylkill 113,477 Snyder 15,607 Somerset 28,228 Sullivan 6,191 Susquehanna.. 37,524 Tioga 35,100 Union...» 15,566 Venango 47,935 Warren 23,897 Washington... 48,483 Wayne 33,188 Westmoreland 58,720 Wyoming 14,585 York 76,134 1860. 7,155 11,47089,51015,035 26,778 5,637 36,26731,044 14,145 25,043 19,190 46,80532,239 53,736 12,54068,200 PRINCIPAL CITIES OP PENNSYLVANIA AND POPULATION. 1876. Allentown 16,000 Archbald 3,000 Ashland 6,500 Auburn 8,000 Altoona 18,000 Allegheny City 75,000 Bethlehem 12,000 Bloomsburg 4,500 Bellefonte 4,700 BriBtol 6,000 Butler 2,600 Bryn Mawr 1,000 Bedford 2,400 Beaver 2,100 Beaver Falls 4,500 Brookville 2,500 Cham bersburg .. 7, 000 Carlisle 7,000 Carbondale 10,000 Catasauqua 6,000 Chester 16,000 Clarion 1,100 1876. Clearfield 2,000 Coudersport 1,000 Corry 8,000 Columbia 9,000 Coatesville 2,035 Conshohocken .. 4,500 Conemaugh 3,000 Danville 11,000 Doylestown 2,000 Downingtown .. 1,077 Easton 16,000 Erie 28,000 Emporium 1,000 Ebensburg 1,600 Franklin 6,000 Greensburg 5,000 Greenville 5,000 Gettysburg 4,000 Honesdale 6,000 Hazelton 6,000 Huntingdon 5,000 Harrisburg 35,000 1876. Hanover 4,000 Hollidaysburg .. 6,000 Indiana 1,700 Johnstown 10,000 Kane 1,000 Kittanning 2,000 Lock Haven 5,000 Lancaster 30,000 Lebanon 8,000 Lewistown 3,000 Laporte 800 Lewisburg 4,300 Montrose 2,500 Milford 850 Mercer 3,000 Miffiintown 950 McConnellsburg 675 Meadville 10,000 Mechanicsburg. 3,500 Media 1,000 Middletown 3,500 McKeesport 7,000 1876. Minersville 5,000 Milton 5,000 Mauch Chunk.. 7,000 Mahanoy City.. 8,000 Norristown 14,000 New Bloomfield 800 Northumberland 1,788 New Castle 12,000 Oil City 2,276 Pittsburgh 138,000 Pittston 15,000 Phosnixville 7,000 Pottsville 20,000 Pottstown 5,500 Philadelphia ...900,000 Ridgway 800 Reading 40,000 Rochester 4,000 Sharon 6,000 Scranton 45,000 Shamokin 7,000 Southport 800 1876. Somerset 1,200 Selinsgrove 1,600 Sunbury 7,000 Stroudsburg 2,500 St. Clair 5,200 Shenandoah 9,000 Tamaqua 5,960 Tunkhaunock .. 1,500 Towanda 6,000 Titusville 9,000 Tyrone 2,300 Wilkesbarre 25,000 Williamsport... 20,000 Washington 5,500 Tionesta 670 Uniontown 3,000 West Chester ... 6,500 Warren 4,600 Wellsboro' 1,800 Waynesburg ... 1,380 Watsontown ... 1,181 York 16,500 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 45 The total population of Pennsylvania, in 1870, was 3,502,311, which probably increased to 4,000,000 in 1876. This population is mainly native-born, being descended from early colonists, embracing Swedes, Dutch, English, German, Welsh, Scotch and Irish. In the populous cities and in the mining counties there is a considerable foreign population, mostly German, English, Welsh, Irish and Scotch. Of the aborigines of the country, all that now remains is a small part of the Complanter tribe, in Warren county. ELEMENTS OF WEALTH. Within the borders of Pennsylvania there are elements of wealth and material for productive industry, in quantities and of a character not to be found in any part of the United States, in her coal fields, anthracite and bituminous, her ever-flowing fountains of petroleum, her agricultural resources, her forests, her quarries of marble and of limestone, and mines of iron. How much better to possess these elements of wealth, that stimulate energy,' skill and honest industry, than mountains of gold or caves of precious gems, that tend to debauch and demoralize, and make the rich a creature of silken luxury and the poor the abject slaves of these vicious masters. The productive industry of this State, down to 1870, in agriculture, was $183,946,027 ; in mining, $76*208,390; in manufactures, $711,894,344; and in fisheries, $38,114. There were 11,516,965 acres of productive land, and of woodland, 5,740,864 acres, making, in all, 17,994,200 acres of land. The cash value of the farms was $1,043,481,582 ; the value of implements of machinery, $35,658,096 ; her live stock was valued at $115,647,075 ; the whole value of her farm productions amounted to $183,946,027. The coal trade of Pennsylvania commenced in 1820, with a total production and sale of 365 tons. In 1873 the State produced 22,828,118 tons of anthracite, and 6,085,222 tons of bitumi nous coal. About the year 1858 the Penn Rock-Oil Company was organized on a farm near Titus- ville. It produced about eight barrels a day. From that time, down to 1870, there have been pro duced 32,512,226 barrels of this oil, of which 15,751,246 barrels were exported to all parts of the world. Now compare this condition of our State with its resources 100 years ago, when Dr. Franklin said there were about 160,000 white inhabitants, and when, according to the highest statement given at the time it assumed sovereign power, its whole population was not over 300,000. But the public schools are Pennsylvania's great triumph. By the original frame of government and the great law enacted in the first year of the province under the authority of William Penn, it was provided that schools should be established for the education of the young, and the motto selected for those schools, by William Penn himself, was, "Good instruction is better than riches." From that time down to 1749, under this policy, a few public schools of considerable merit were opened by the Quakers and by the Moravians in Philadelphia and in Bucks county. In 1749 the germ of the University of Pennsylvania began in the form of an academy, and from it there arose three departments, the academical, the collegiate, and the medical. The fame of that medical school is one of the glories of the whole nation. In it such men as Shippen, Rush, Wistar, Physic and Hare taught, and since then the great Jefferson Medical College has arisen, and others of repute. From the first Pennsylvania enjoyed a great system of public improvement. The first stone turnpike in the Union was made here, and so the first canal, over 100 miles in length. The stone turnpike from Lancaster to Philadelphia, 62 miles in length, was commenced in 1792, and finished in 1794, at a cost of $465,000, by a private company ; and, as late as 1832, 220 turnpike companies had been authorized by law, and most of them constructed turnpike to the extent of 3000 miles. In 1843 a continuous line of stone turnpike extended from Trenton, on the Delaware, to the boundary of Ohio, 340 miles in length, with numerous bridges costing more than the celebrated road of Napo leon over the Simplon. From time to time, from the year 1791 to the year 1840, did the State per fect and construct, by itself and incorporated companies, a multitude of canals, the length of which was 1280 miles, and to that date the total length of railroads was 795 miles, 118 of which belonged to the Commonwealth. In 1847 the great Pennsylvania Railroad was begun, and in six and one-half years completed, in the building of which some of the most bold and astounding feats of constructing engineering were accomplished. The Philadelphia and Erie Railroad was begun in 1852, and finished in 1864. In 1857, from motives of public policy, the Commonwealth sold its public works, and they are now possessed and used by private corporations. There are 19 canals in the State of Pennsylvania, and 139 railroads in active operation. 46 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. THE DISCOVERY OF COAL. In 1790, in the Schuylkill region, on the Broad mountain, Nicho Allen, a Iranter, camped out for the night under a ledge of rocks and kindled a fire on the fragments of black stone. He lay down to sleep, and, in the night, awoke and found the rocks aflame. He made his discovery known, and, five years later, the blacksmiths of Schuylkill county were using this coal in their forges. As a remarkable coincidence, Philip Ginter, a poor hunter, in 1791, on the Bear mountains, nine miles west of Mauch Chunk, made a like discovery. From that hour the destinies of Pennsylvania were changed, and, from an agricultural people, they were destined to become a mining andxmanufacturing Commonwealth, making the whole United States tributary to them. But Pennsylvania's coal and iron, like her men, were to conquer wherever they went. From the time that the British troops abandoned Philadelphia, no foe, foreign or domestic, has gained a foothold in Pennsylvania, and they never will. POLITICAL HISTORY. In 1682 William Penn presented the great law for the government of this province, containing 61 chapters, that had been carefully prepared by him. His wisdom and forethought were great. No wonder Mr. Duponceau, in his celebrated address before the Philosophical Society, ranks him with Solon and Lycurgus. The reason, liberality and prudent forecast of William Penn are marvelous. No paper exists excelling it in a high, philosophical appreciation of the rights and duties of citizenship. But when, in 1776, the representatives of the people of the United States assembled in general Congress and declared the colonies to be free and independent States, the people' of this province forthwith abolished the proprietary government and established the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. [In compiling the statistics for this pamphlet, much has been taken from the United States census of 1870, and, as no statistics have since been taken, we have used the same. In the large volume, of which this is a portion, fuller and more complete statistics will be given, compiled from the next census.! INTERIOR VTBW Or INDEPENDENCE HALL, PHILADELPHIA, the Chair which was used by John Hancock, President of the Continental Congress ; alto the Table upon which tlie Declaration of Independence was signed; and the old Liberty Bell. 47 WHOLESALE STORE PRICES IN DOLLARS OF BEST REFINED ROLLED BAR IRON IN PHILADELPHIA, FROM 1844 TO 1879. PER TON OF 2,240 POUNDS. i & uasaa a au ¦s ou 03 d a l-s "a 0, 3 bo 3 o u a flj R g > < $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1844 90 00 90 00 90 00 90 00 90 00 82 60 82 50 82 50 82 50 82 50 82 60 82 60 86 62 1S45 82 50 87 50 92 50 100 00 100 00 100 00 95 00 92 60 92 50 92 60 96 00 95 00 93 75 1 1846 95 00 95 00 90 00 92 60 92 60 92 50 96 00 92 50 90 00 90 00 90 00 85 00 91 68 ' 1847 85 00 85 00 85 00 85 00 85 00 90 00 90 00 85 00 87 60 86 00 85 00 86 00 86 04 l 1848 85 00 85 00 85 00 85 00 85 00 80 00 80 00 80 00 76 00 75 00 67 60 70 00 79 33 1848 70 00 70 00 70 00 70 00 70 00 70 00 65 00 65 00 66 00 65 00 66 00 66 00 67 60 1850 65 00 65 00 65 00 62 50 60 00 67 50 57 60 57 60 57 60 56 00 66 00 56 00 59 64 ' 1851 65 00 55 00 55 00 55 00 55 00 65 00 55 00 65 00 64 00 64 00 64 00 64 00 54 66 ¦ 1852 54 00 54 00 62 50 62 50 62 50 62 60 52 60 55 00 60 00 70 00 70 00 SO 00 68 79 90 00 90 00 90 00 B7 50 85 00 80 00 80 00 77 50 77 60 80 00 80 00 86 00 83 60 1 1864 90 00 90 00 90 00 90 00 90 00 92 60 95 00 95 00 95 00 92 50 90 00 90 00 91 33 82 50 80 00 75 00 72 50 70 00 70 00 70 00 72 50 72 60 75 00 77 60 77 f0 74 58 j 1856 75 00 77 60 77 50 77 60 75 00 72 50 70 00 70 00 72 60 72 60 72 60 72 50 73 75 1857 72 50 72 50 72 50 72 60 72 50 72 5') 70 00 70 00 70 00 70 00 70 00 67 60 71 04 1858 66 00 65 00 65 00 62 60 62 60 65 00 62 60 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 62 29 1859 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 1860 60 00 67 50 67 50 67 50 67 60 67 60 67 50 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 68 75 1861 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 62 50 62 60 62 60 62 60 60 83 1862 62 50 62 50 62 50 62 60 65 00 65 00 70 00 72 50 76 00 77 50 82 60 87 60 70 42 1863 87 60 90 CO 90 00 90 00 90 00 87 50 87 50 87 50 87 50 90 00 95 00 110 00 91 04 1864 115 00 125 00 130 00 140 00 150 00 160 00 165 00 170 00 160 00 150 00 147 60 146 00 146 46 1865 142 50 135 00 130 00 110 00 100 00 92 50 90 00 85 00 92 50 96 00 100 00 105 00 106 38 1866 105 00 100 00 97 50 95 00 92 50 95 00 105 00 100 00 100 00 97 60 95 00 95 00 93 13 95 00 92 50 92 50 90 00 87 60 87 60 85 00 82 60 82 60 82 60 82 60 86 00 87 08 1868 85 00 85 00 85 00 87 60 87 50 87 50 85 00 85 00 85 00 85 00 85 00 85 00 85 63 82 60 82 50 82 50 82 60 82 50 82 60 82 50 82 60 80 00 80 00 80 00 80 00 81 66 1870 80 00 77 60 77 50 77 50 75 00 77 50 80 00 85 00 82 00 80 00 77 60 77 60 78 96 72 50 75 00 75 00 77 60 75 00 77 50 77 60 80 00 82 60 82 60 82 60 85 00 78 54 73 92 78 40 87 36 94 08 96 32 98 66 103 04 106 28 107 62 118 72 107 62 100 80 97 63 96 32 94 08 96 32 94 08 94 08 91 84 85 12 82 88 80 64 76 16 73 92 71 68 86 43 73 92 73 92 71 68 71 68 67 20 67 20 62 72 67 20 67 20 67 20 62 72 62 72 67 95 62 72 60 43 62 72 62 72 62 72 62 72 62 72 60 48 60 48 60 48 66 00 56 00 60 85 66 00 52 64 52 64 52 64 52 64 52 64 62 64 62 64 50 40 50 40 50 40 49 28 52 08 48 72 47 60 47 04 44 80 44 81) 44 80 44 80 44 80 44 80 44 80 44 80 44 80 45 56 44 80 44 80 44 80 44 80 44 SO 1 44 80 44 80 44 80 44 80 42 66 42 66 42 66 44 24 1879 40 32 42 56 44 80 44 80 1 1 1 The highest price in any month in i he above table w as reached in August, 1864, $170 ; the lowest price in any month was in January, 1879, $40.32. The highest average p rice reached in any year was in he present era of low prices, the 1864, $146.46 ; the lowest average price in any year was in 1878, $44. $52.50 in March to July, 1852 ; and the loi 24. Previous to ' lowest point touched was rest average react ed in any year was $54.66 in 1851 PRODUCTION OF ANTHRAC !ITE COAL. EXPORTS OF COAL. The following figures of the productk n of anthracite Shipments of coal to foreign ending June 30, 1878 : ports, for the fiscal year coal are taken from a table prepared for the Coal Trade r. t • Anthra- mtumi- Journal by John H. Jones. The aggregat thracite marketed according to this sta e amount of an- ement foots up AustrBrazil 202 1,850 533 over 307,000,000 tons : Central American Stat Chili 11 1.093 94 510 Year. Tons. Year. Tons. 3,659 365073 1850 1851 3,358,799 4,448,916 Danish West I 1,497 764 11,360 (20 951 '08 393947 134 316083 7345 0 271749536758117141597102S79 773 112 598550 )13 0509 1852 1853 1854 1856 1857 4,893,471 , , . , 5,195,1516,202,3346,608,567 6,927,550 . . 6,644,941 6.839.360 French West Indies and French Guiana 240 a Islands 30 615 1 6,453 214,982 22 1,222 257 713 16 3,144 297 62,613 32 17,431 581 1824. 11, French Possessions, al] 30,395 268,378 17 98 1,471 454 ¦1.359 1825 34, and Pr Edward Isla Quebec, Ontar west Territo British Colum ad io, Manitoba and North- 185S 186C18611865 186? 7 ,808,255,513,123 ,954,264 ,869,497,566,006 ,177,475 ,652,391 ,703,882,988,725,801,465,866, J80 182,191 ,699,721 8 1831 176, uras 7 British East Ir 1834 376, 1864 186518661867 1868 18691870 1871 ia lu 1835 560, 9 Hawaiian Isla Hayti 842 1837.. 869, 12 13 Italy 2,360 706 1838 738, 1839 818, . 16 Dutch East In 101 1,878 15 1842 1,108,' 187! .„ 19,669,778 Azore, Madeira and Cape Verde Islands 1873 18741875 18761877 21 ,227,952 145,121 712,472 501,011 828,178 San Domingo.. Cuba 434 17,983 43 3,373 630 1844 1,630, 20 ; 19 Porto 18 1847. 2,882,1 20 1849 3,242,5 m 340,661 319,477 48 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. PRICES IN DOLLARS OF AMERICAN IRON RAILS IN PHILADELPHIA, FROM 1847 TO 1879. Per Toh of 2,240 lbs. Compiled by The American Iron and Steel Association, from the sales boohs of several prominent Philadelphia Iron Merchants. 187018711872 18731874187518761877 18781879 From 1847 to 1866 from Philadelphia prices current, except for years 1850 and 1851, for which estimates were fur nished by Mr. S. J. Reeves. From 1866 to 1879 from Bulletin of The American Iron and Steel Association, averaged from weekly quotations. B©~ Prices averaged for years to nearest eighth. * For latter part of 1857 prices were probably only nominal. f Uncertain. J Lowest month, $32V-October, 1877. |f ffighlst'yearflllfclSM'. § Highest month, $153%-Sept. 1864. J8®" The annual premium on gold is calculated from daily quotations of gold sales in the Bankers* Magazine. PRICES IN DOLLARS OF AMERICAN BESSEMER STEEL RAILS, AT WORKS, FROM 1868 TO 1879. Per Ton Off 2,240 lbs. MW ¦g Ha s 18681869. 18701871 1872.187318741875187618771878 1879 155145 110 95 a* 6749 4141 fa 110 96 104 120*& 65 49 174135 1083/106 ss115 71 62 49 $ 165 130V 106 103110 120 79 6247V «8 $ 162V- 128109V 104 113m% 96^69 60 $ 150 130110 il| 6959 ti $ 148130V 102g 118120 75%6653 M% 42 49 THE INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. A Brief Review of the Various Counties of the State, Showing Their Resources and Peculiar Business Advantages, Alphabetically Arranged. ADAMS COUNTY. This county was formed January 23, 1800, and was originally part of York county. It has an area of 350,000 acres. It contains immense quantities of limestone, which is the source of wealth to the inhabitants thereof. The stone is made into lime, and the farmers use it as a fertilizer. Old, worn-out lands, that were not worth the tax assessed upon them, were rendered very productive through the agency of the lime. This county produces large numbers of horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, poultry, wheat, corn, rye, oats, timothy* and clover seed, hay, apples, peaches, grapes, strawberries, butter, and eggs. Iron ore also abounds, which is a source of revenue to the residents. Copper, in its native state, and as a carbonate, is found between a central part to the western boundary of the county. It does not appear that the earlier settlers were ever troubled by Indian raids, but, in more modern times, it was the scene of a tremendous conflict between the United States and Confederate forces, which event goes down to posterity as the " Battle of Gettysburg." ALLEGHENY COUNTY. This great county, containing 482,560 acres, was formed September 24, 1788, from parts of Wash ington and Westmoreland counties. Bituminous coal abounds within its borders to an inexhaustible extent. One hundred millions of bushels of this coal are annually exported from its mines. In Pittsburgh, from four to five million dollars' worth of glass is manufactured every year. In iron and steel, this city is the great market of the country. The other important staple production is petroleum, the revenue from which amounts to many millions of dollars per annum. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. This county, containing 400,000 acres, was formed March 12, 1800, and was taken from Alle gheny, Westmoreland and Lycoming counties. Bituminous coal is found in all parts of it, the veins being about four feet in thickness. Cannel coal also abounds, the vein being nine feet thick. In the northern part of the county, there are large quantities of iron ore, limestone, salt, salt-water, roofing- slate, petroleum, and indications of lead. It is also a fine grain-growing county — one of the best in western Pennsylvania. BEAVER COUNTY. This county, containing 298,240 acres, was formed March 12, 1800, and was originally a part of Allegheny and Washington counties. The mineral productions consist of extensive beds of bitumi nous coal, limestone, cannel coal, and fossil remains of fish and mollusks, and large shales, of which there are great quantities. Iron ore is also found in different parts of the county. The industries are numerous, among which we notice planing mills, paper mills, saw-mills, sash, shingle and door factories, brick works, carriage and glass works, casket works, and steamboat building. Linseed oil, scythes, agricultural implements, woolen yarn, pig iron, hollow ware, stoves, carpets, and flour, are largely manufactured in this county. There are many valleys of rich bottom land well suited to sheep husbandry, and the cultivation of all kinds of grain, which grow abundantly. The natural irrigation is very liberal. BEDFORD COUNTY. The original county of Bedford, formed March 9, 1771, of a part of Cumberland county, was very large, and its early history is made horrible by the many massacres of the settlers by the Indians. The county now is greatly reduced in size, but it contains some of the most charming landscapes, which have been the theme of the poet, the painter and photographer. The industries consist of large steam tanneries and grist-mills, iron furnaces, woolen goods, factories, planing mills, etc. The valleys are generally underlaid with very rich brown and red hematite iron ore. Trenton, or $Kver strata of limestone, and every other geological formation of limestone can be found in this county. The medicinal springs of this locality are world-renowned. 50 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. BERKS COUNTY. \ This county, containing 593,280 acres, was formed March 11, 1752, and was taken from parts of Philadelphia, Chester and Lancaster counties. Topographically speaking, it is very much diversi fied, its hills containing enormous mineral wealth. The streams of water furnish immense power lor mills, furnaces, forges, and other manufactories. Much of the land is very fertile in the production of wheat and other cereals. The whole rural population are the most persevering people on the face of the earth engaged in agricultural pursuits. The manufactures consist of blooms, forged and rolled iron, bolts, nuts, spikes, nails, wrought tubes, pig iron, castings of all kinds, machinery, agricultural implements, furniture, engines, boilers, locomotives, passenger and freight cars, rails, canal boats, boots, shoes, bricks, carriages, wagons, clothing, cotton and woolen goods, wool hats, caps, flour-mill products, tanned and curried leather, malt liquors, sash, doors, cigars, and blinds. School-houses and churches are erected in all settled localities in the county. There are 425_ schools. The crystal cave at Virginsville, discovered about 10 years ago, is an object of immense attractions. BLAIR COUNTY. This county was formed February 26, 1846, and was taken from parts of Huntingdon and Bed ford counties. Its general surface is mountainous. The principal mineral production is iron ore. Several thousand tons of iron per week are produced as material for many rolling mills and nail fac tories. There are three or four valleys in this county which are remarkable for their exquisite natural beauty. "Arch Spring and Cave," in Sinking Spring valley, is one of the most attractive places to be seen anywhere in or out of the State. The spring never fails, and it furnishes sufficient power to drive a large flour-mill. Altoona is located in this county. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company s works at this place occupy 122 acres, and the improvements there are still extending. All over this county there are located schools, churches, grist-mills, furnaces, planing mills, foundries, and machine shops. It may be said this county is remarkable for its many beautiful, ever-flowing and powerful springs of crystal waters. All the mountains are rich in minerals, and the valleys are well watered and exceedingly fertile. There are no better farms in the world than those in Morrison's Cove and Sinking Spring valley. A large iron trade is one of the immense industries of this county. BRADFORD COUNTY. This county was formed February 21, 1810, and was taken from a part of Luzerne and Lycoming counties. Previous to March 24, 1812, this county was called Ontario, but its name was changed to Bradford on that date. It contains 751,360 acres. A great portion of this section is remarkable for its many streams of water, denominated creeks or runs, which have numerous branches, all finally emptying into the beautiful Susquehanna. The surface of the county is rough, with mountainous spurs, through which the Susquehanna forces its way, as though impatient to make a new course for itself, dash ing impetuously amid towering cliffs and verdure-clad hills, in all the wild luxuriousness of primeval Nature — grand and inspiring as a spectacle and a power, causing a foreign tourist to say of the scene, "Beautiful as the gateway of Paradise." There are high table lands in all this section, excel lent for grazing purposes and the production of good summer cereals. Agriculture is the principal employment of the residents. The rearing of horses, cattle, sheep, and the production of butter, are special features. Some of the finest cattle herds in the United States can be seen here. Oats, corn and buckwheat are the chief grains. Good crops of wheat are raised on the river and creek flats. Some attention has been given to the production of barley, millet and hops. Enormous quantities of potatoes are raised here, and thousands of bushels or barrels are annually sent to market. The prin cipal mineral productions are coal and flagging. Superior iron ore is mined in the western part of the county. The blue-tinted marble, which can endure a vast amount of wear and exposure, has of late become an important industry. The whole county was once covered with heavy forests — pine, hemlock, beech, maple, walnut, black ash, birch, and oak. These primeval trees have disappeared from a large portion of the county, there being scarcely a stump of them left to mark the localities of their native growth. A summary of the industries of Bradford may be thus briefly recapitulated : immense productions of the best butter in the country, hay, bark, lumber, coal, and iron. The county is famous for its mineral springs and its chief town, Towanda — a thriving settlement on the right bank of the Susquehanna river. BUCKS COUNTY. This is one of the original counties established by William Penn in the year 1682. It contains 384,000 acres. It was the abode of tories and desperate thieves during a part of the American Revo lution, the patriots being few in number, comparatively speaking. There are three geological belts, or strata extending across the county, the minerals being gneiss, mica, hornblende, and slate. The river land is very fertile.^ The greater part of the county is red shale, with sandstone and conglom erates. The upper soil is excellent for the growing of grass and cereals. Limestone and hematite iron ore crop out in some sections. The northern part is composed of primary rocks and sandstone. Lead is found in this county, and the mines are being successfully worked. There are also plumbago deposits. A stove was fabricated out of the iron ore found here in the year 1727, and cannon balls of Bucks county iron were cast during the Revolution. The resources of the county are mostly agricul tural. The soil along the margins of the Delaware and tributary streams is very fertile, producing very large crops of cereals, but of late years much attention has been paid to stock-raising and the dairy. Immense quantities of butter and milk, and clover and timothy hay, find a ready sale in Philadelphia. INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 51 BUTLER COUNTY. This county was formed March 12, 1800, and, originally, was a part of Al legheny county. It contains 502,400 acres. The mineral wealth of Butler county places it foremost among the counties of the State. The entire sur face seems to be underlaid with inex haustible beds of white, blue, black and yellow clay, suitable for bricks and other manufactures. There is an abundance of limestone, some of it fossilized, and the best kind of sandstone, bituminous and cannel coal, in large quantities, and a great abundance of iron ore. For the production of petroleum, it is the great-. est coal-oil region in the world, produc ing more than 10,000 barrels of oil per day for several years. Volumes of gas from the internal heat of the earth issue forth in large quantities — more in one hour than the . combined gas works in Philadelphia can produce in 24 hours. The soil is good for farming and grazing purposes, and the surface is beautifully diversified with hills and valleys, and streams of water. In time, Butler will become the great manufacturing center of the United States. The timber con sists of white and black oak, chestnut, cherry, and sugar maple. The farmers are thrifty and enterprising, and partic ularly so are the Germans, who push agriculture to the highest state of per fection. Immense quantities of coal, as , well as coal oil, are exported, and can nel coal is now shipped in considerable quantities to the lake cities. In point of production, Butler county is one of the most important in the State. CAMBRIA COUNTY. This county was formed March 25, 1804. It was originally a part of Hunt ingdon, Somerset and Bedford counties, and named in honor of the. Welsh peo ple, Cambria being the ancient name of Wales. It contains 428,800 acres. The soil is better adapted to grazing purpo ses than grain-growing; still, a large part of the northern section produces most excellent wheat. Oats are abun dant, but corn scarce. Were it not for the length and severity of the winters, it would be one of the finest stock-grow ing counties in the State. The entire county is based on coal. There is a succession of drifts reaching more than 25 miles in extent, from which the best bituminous coal is shipped in enormous quantities. Iron ore abounds plenti fully, but it is only utilized near Johns town, to supply the works of the Cam bria Iron Company. The greatest steel and iron-manufacturing company in the world is located at Johnstown. Its busi ness, per annum, amounts to $10,000,000, the number of men, women and boys employed there aggregating 5000. These 52 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. works cover 60 acres, the rolling mill alone occupying seven acres. The daily production amounts to 300 tons of steel and iron rails. The Cambria Iron Company has 11 locomotives in use for transport ing coal, ore, pig iron, etc. There are extensive tanneries in Johnstown and vicinity. Ihe business in lumber is very heavy. Vast quantities of hard and soft wood, such as ash, maple, cucumber, cherry, poplar and hemlock, are manufactured for the market, East and West. Oak Shooks are made here and shipped to the island of Cuba. The lumber business is enormous. Large quantities of butter are made in the county. In the western part there is a peninsula.upon a part of which is an immense rock, which must have been split in two by some grand convulsion of Nature. There is hardly room in the chasm for a wagon to pass. The walls of this rock are perpendicular, and, it brought together, would fit each other. The bottom of the crevice is as cool as an ice-house, even on the hottest summer noonday, the snow remaining there until June. CAMERON COUNTY. This county was formed March 29, 1860, and named in honor of Pennsylvania's veteran states man, Simon Cameron. It originally formed a part of Clinton, Elk, McKean and Potter counties. It contains an area of 256,000 acres, and is located among the spurs on the eastern slope of the Alle gheny mountains. Nearly the whole county is well drained by the Sinnemahoning river, which emp ties into the west branch of the Susquehanna. There are five veins of bituminous coal in the county, all of them workable. The soil is adapted to abundantly produce all the grasses and cereals. The timber consists of white pine, white oak, hemlock, elm, butternut, cherry, sugar maple, and several varieties of oak and pine. The manufacturing of leather and lumber are the principal productions. The waters abound with many kinds of fish, and the forests are alive with deer, black bear, wild tur key, and other game. Large tanneries, using hemlock bark, are established in this county, and coal is occasionally taken from its bed and forwarded to market. The pioneers who settled in this section, history says, thought there was more value in a barrel of whisky than in a cow, and many of their descendants think so still. Flax was much cultivated among the earlier settlers, and some attention was paid to raising sheep. CARBON COUNTY. This county was formed March 13, 1843, of parts of Northampton and Monroe counties. It con tains 256,000 acres, very mountainous and extremely wild. It is watered by important and pictur esque streams. The chief productions are lumber and coal, one-third of the county being adapted to agriculture. Iron, slate and mineral paint are abundant. There are numerous puddling furnaces, heating furnaces and rolling mills, which produce bar iron, scrolls, band iron, pigs, etc. Great quan tities of lumber are shipped from the northerly section of the county. There are several glens and cascades, and the celebrated "switch-back" railroad, in this county, which attract thousands of vis itors in the summer season. This county contains the highest bridge in the United States ; it spans the Nesquehoning valley, one of the most beautiful chasms of Nature in Pennsylvania. The resi dents of the county are mostly miners of coal and iron. It is a magnificent section of the State for tourists, photographers and pleasure-seekers generally. CENTER COUNTY. This county was formed February 13, 1800, of parts of Mifflin, Northumberland, Lycoming and Huntingdon counties. The early period of its history is marked with Indian massacres and the hero ism of the settlers. It was in this county, among the Blue mountains, where the celebrated Indian chief, "Bald Eagle," had his "nest," but no trace of the village can be found. The industries may be summed up as follows : furnaces for the production of iron were built as far back as the year 1792; now, there are many industrial establishments, such as forges, slitting and rolling mills, extensive screw factories, and nail factories ; the general productions may be classified as pig metal and blooms, to nearly 20,000 tons annually. Among the architectural improvements is tie Pennsylvania State College an important educational institution. The grounds occupy 400 acres. CHESTER COUNTY. This was one of the three original counties formed by William Penn in the year 1682. Other counties were formed from portions of it, so that the present Chester contains an area of 486,400 acres, embracing every variety of soil and surface. Red shale, sandstone, gneiss rock, limestone, and marble of all shades— blue, black, and nearly pure white. The Girard College, in Philadelphia, is built of this marble. It is composed of silex and nearly pure carbonate of Time, and, although hard to work, yet it is valuable for monumental purposes. There are also, in this county, mica, slate, beds of serpentine, hornblende and pure feldspar. There is also a mineral in the southwestern part of the county, known as "chrome," which is exported to Europe ; it is very valuable. Lead, copper, graphite or plumbago, "kaolin, ' "corundum,'* pure glass sand, and iron ore, are found in different sections of the county. The iron works at Phoenixville .and Coatesville are the most exten sive, the former being considered the largest in the United States.' ' Iron bridge-building is a specialty of the establishment. The following works indicate the principal industries of the county: sewing machines, cotton and woolen mills, flouring mills, American wood-paper mill, stoves and hollow-ware foundries, fulling mills, spoke and wheel factories, and boiler-plate iron works. The valley of Chester is about three miles wide, dotted with splendid farms, the farmers paying considerable attention to the raising of beef cattle and sheep. INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 53 CLARION COUNTY. This county was formed March 17, 1839, of parts of Lycoming and Northumberland counties. It contains 384,000 acres, the surface being very much diversified. The uplands are rolling and hilly, and, along the streams, the surface is broken, and in many places precipitous. Much of the ground is adapted to grazing purposes, and, as a general thing, it is susceptible of a high state of cultivation. The mountains contain inexhaustible mines of iron ore, and there are immense beds of fire-clay and plenty of coal of excellent quality. There are, in some places, three veins of coal. The northern part of the county is covered with pine forests. The most important industry is petroleum. The county is well watered. Much attention is paid to popular education, and there is a ponsiderable number of private academies and other institutes of learning. The iron industries seem to be almost abandoned, the great attraction being petroleum. Pine tar was once an industry in this county, but its manufacture has greatly fallen off The public spirit of the people is manifested in various ways in the construction of handsome buildings, water works, churches and seminaries. CLEARFIELD COUNTY. This county was formed March 26, 1804, from parts of Lycoming and Northumberland counties, and, for space, is one of the largest in the State, containing an area of 921,600 acres. Its position is central in Pennsylvania. There are no continuous mountain ranges, but there is a succession of ridges and hills, with table lands near the head of streams of water. The west branch of the Susque hanna runs through the county. Among the minerals are limestone of excellent fertilizing qualities, bituminous coal, fire-clay and iron ore. The forests contain immense pines, with, here and there, oak, maple, beech, birch and poplar. The principal industries are manufacturing white-pine lumber, fire-brick and railroad ties, but, as the forests disappear before the hardy woodman's axe, agriculture increases, and in this industry there is mudh greater activity than was ever known in this naturally wild, though beautiful and valuable county. CLINTON COUNTY. This county was formed June 21, 1839, from parts of Lycoming and Center counties. It is rather irregular in shape, located near the center of the State, and contains 640,000 acres. Its surface is diversified with mountains, hills and-valleys, al] of which, at one time, were covered with dense for ests, mostly of pine and oak, with considerable walnut, chestnut, hickory, maple, ash and hemlock. Several of the valleys are exceedingly fertile. The west branch of the Susquehanna flows through the county to the extent of 50 miles, and, at the lower end, breaks through the Allegheny mountains. The industries may be summed up as follows: lumber to the extent of 100,000*000 of feet per year, logs and square timber about the same amount, laths, pickets, shingles, fire-brick, stoneware, lime, wheat, oats, corn, buckwheat, hay and iron. It is not claimed that Clinton is an agricultural county. The mineral resources are immense, consisting of iron ore, fire-clay, potters' clay, sand for glass, limestone, b; / minous seams 30 feet thick, sandstone, and varieties of marble. The early settlers in this territory were occasionally subjected to raids made by the Indians, during which many heroic acts were performed by the men and women of that time. COLUMBIA COUNTY. This county was formed March 22, 1813, and was originally a part of Northumberland county. It contains about 300,000 acres, and is located partly in the Appalachian-mountain belt. A heavy bed of limestone runs through the county. There is an abundance of iron ore and anthracite coal. The industries are indicated by such establishments as iron companies, car and machine shops, grist mills, planing mills, tanneries, foundries, paper mills, rolling mills, forges, smith shops, lime-kilns, etc. This section of the State was subjected to raids by blood-thirsty Indians in 'former days ; some of their acts of cruelty are too horrible for detail. The residents of the county have greatly advanced in civilization, as the State Normal School and public? schools generally, churches, "meeting-houses," Odd Fellows and Masonic halls furnish attractive monumental evidence of this interesting fact. CRAWFORD COUNTY. This county was formed March 12, 1800, from a part of Allegheny county. It contains 623,360 acres. The surface is heavily rolling, looking like immense mounds from eight to ten^miles apart. For corn, oats, wheat and grazing, the soil is not surpassed anywhere. Immense springs of crystal waters abound, and grateful shades for flocks of sheep and herds of beef cattle are on every hill-side. Dense forests of primeval grandeur cover many sections, and thus give shelter to wild deer. Exten sive-flour and lumber mills are on the Venango river, which courses its way through the county diag onally from the northwest. Oil creek is in the east, and empties into the Allegheny about six miles above the mouth of the Venango. The largest lake in Pennsylvania is in this county. It is five miles long and two wide, and is known as the Conneaut lake, near which is a bed of marl. Red and yellow sandstone abound in some parts, which hardens when exposed to the atmosphere. When first taken out it is very easily worked. Iron ore and bituminous coal abound in the southern section. The valley of Oil creek, in this county, where petroleum was discovered centuries ago, led to the drilling of the earth in that locality in the year 1859, and oil came forth in gushing quantities. The industries may be briefly summed up as follows: the manufacture of iron, wood, wool, oil, raising of horses and horned cattle, the best in the country, and the making of cheese, of which 10,000,000 of INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. pounds are produced annually. In the late civil war this county furnished nine regiments, one of them cavalry, among them being the famous "Bucktails." These Americans were very hardy, descending from German and Scotch-Irish stock. CUMBERLAND COUNTY. This county was formed January 27, 1750, and was origi nally a part of Lancaster county. It contains 348,160 acres, of which 256,000 and upward are under cultivation. As a general thing, the surface is level : it is an immense valley between the Blue mountains on the north, and South mountain on the south. The minerals are very hard white sandstone, red sand stone, limestone, brown and grey sandstone, iron ore and pipe ore. The county has a plentiful sup ply of water, which gives motive power to many mills erected on the banks of the different streams. Iron factories, furna ces and forges are in many places. Timber of several vari eties grows in the mountainous or hilly sections, from which sup plies of fuel are obtained for the iron works and for domestic use. The first settlers in this county were terribly harassed by the Indians. Everything was stolen from them, and hundreds of men, women and children were re duced to beggary and starvation, while others were butchered with out mercy. The farms are highly improved and very extensive and flourishing. DAUPHIN COUNTY. This county was formed March 4, 1785, from a part of Lancaster county. It contains 341,120 acres. This county is composed of rapid streams of water, extensive forests, immense mountains and fertile vales. The capital of the State is located in this county. There are also several Presbyterian churches, erected more than half a century before the county was formed. In one of them are the original wooden pegs upon which the worshippers in those provincial days used to hang their rifles upon. The principal mineral productions of the county are limestone,_ slate, varied shales, !•, Tin , some particularly red, free-burn- ing bituminous coal, boulders, gravel, etc. The industrial establishments are large, some of them being immense. I hey consist of car and machine shops, nail works, foundries, cotton mills, machine INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 55 works, steel works, and, in fact, all departments of manufactures. The farms are large and very pro ductive of all kinds of cereals and grass, and the towns throughout the county are in a very flourishing condition. DELAWARE COUNTY. This county was formed September 26, 1789, and was originally a part of Chester county. It contains 113,289 acres. The surface is somewhat undulating, the northwestern part being rather hilly. The mineral productions are granite, gneiss, feldspar, and serpentine stone. The industries are exceedingly extensive, consisting of immense ship-yards, paper mills, woolen and cotton mills, saw-mills, flour mills, foundries, machine shops, etc. The farms are well cultivated, producing oats, barley, corn, wheat, rye, hay, cows, oxen, horses, sheep, swine, butter, eggs, poultry, and orchard fruits. The whole area of the county is well watered by numerous streams which empty into the river Delaware. On a part of the river front of the county, the Lazaretto, or quarantine station, is located. Numerous churches, schools, academies, seminaries and halls are erected in different locali ties throughout the territory. ELK COUNTY. This county was formed April 18, 1843, of parts of Jefferson, Clearfield and McKean counties. It was once inhabited by large droves of the noble elk, now exterminated. The name of the county is derived from this animal. The vast resources of this territory are principally lumber and coal. There are seven veins of bituminous coal, each 28 feet thick, two veins of cannel coal, three feet each in thickness, and two beds of lime, partly fossilized. Iron ore, whi ch yields- 30 to 40 per cent, of pure metal, abounds in the hills. Heavily-timbered wildernesses cover a large portion of the county. Tanning and lumber are the principal active industries. In the vicinity of St. Mary's, coal of good qual ity is mined and shipped to market. The community system, combining a union of labor and capital, was tried in this county on the Fourier and other plans, but they all proved to be disastrous failures. ERIE COUNTY. This county was formed March 12, 1800, and was formerly a part of Allegheny county. In early times it was the scene of a desperate Indian war between the Eries and Iroquois. The former brought on the war, and the latter were the victors. The Eries fought until the entire tribe was annihilated. Years after this, the whole territory was overrun with wolves and other wild beasts ; so much so, that traveling was very dangerous in the first half of the eighteenth century. The trade of Erie in iron ore, anthracite and bituminous coal, lumber and petroleum, is immense, and the various kinds of manufactures show an extraordinary increase. Large quantities of Mackinaw trout, black bass and white fish are exported from Erie to many localities. There is a heavy trade, something on the barter principle. Lake Superior iron ore, and lumber from Canada and Michigan, are brought to Erie in immense quantities, and the vessels are freighted back with coal and coal oil. Grain ele vators, dry docks, large ship-yards, 25 churches, and two fine parks and fountains, are among the improvements of this great lake city. There are quite a number of dairy farms, which produce large quantities of cheese, in some of the townships, in different sections of the county. FAYETTE COUNTY. This county was formed September 26, 1783, from a part of Westmoreland county, and was named in honor of General La Fayette, the friend of Washington. The county is rich in mineral and agricultural resources, is remarkable for several fine springs of water, and a notable cave. The mineral formations seem to come together in veins. There are stratas of glass sand, cannel coal, fine iron ore, sandstone, limestone, and bituminous coal. They seem to lap each other, and are from 150 to 200 feet above the surface of the river. FOREST COUNTY. This county was formed April 11, 1848, of a part of Jefferson county; on October 31, 1866, a part of Venango county was also added. It contains 284,800 acres, many streams of water, and precipit ous hills, some of them 800 feet high. The valleys are very deep. A large portion of the land is worthless, but the flats and tops of the hills are good for agriculture. Three-fourths of the county remain uncultivated. Buhr-stones for mills, bituminous and cannel coal, a great abundance of iron ore, potters' clay and petroleum, are in this county. It is the center of the oil basin, and oil was dis covered here in the year 1769. The Indians used it for toothache and rheumatism. There are sev eral towns in the county, but few manufactures. FRANKLIN COUNTY. This county was formed September 9, 1784, from a part of Cumberland county. It contains 469,730 acres, and is located in the Cumberland valley. In former times there were numerous Indian depredations of an appalling character. In more modern times it was invaded by the Confederate army, who burnt the city of Chambersburg and did other damage to personal property. The agricul tural, mineral and manufacturing resources are very extensive. Hard white sandstone, red and grey sandstone and limestone abound everywhere. The whole county is well supplied with water, there being many streams, but none very large, and they furnish the motive power for many mills and manufactories. Iron ore plentifully abounds. The farms are large and highly cultivated. Flour mills by the hundreds, and straw, board and agricultural-implement manufactories, contribute to the industries of this naturally handsome and greatly improved county. 56 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. FULTON COUNTY. This county was formed April 19, 1850, from a part of Bedford county. It contains 268,800 acres, and is hilly and mountainous. Numerous streams of water flow through the county, and the mountains and hills are yet covered with primeval forests. Agriculture is the principal industry of the population, and the next in magnitude is the making of leather. Several of the tanneries are immense. There are also iron foundries, machine shops, gristrmills, lumber mills, and woolen mills, in different parts of the county. Iron ore of all varieties and bituminous coal abound everywhere, but, practically, they remain undeveloped for want of facilities for transportation. A portion of the broad-top coal basin is in this county, but it is not worked. GREENE COUNTY. This county was formed February 9, 1796, and was originally a part of Washington county. It contains 384,000 acres. The Monongahela river runs through it, which affords safe navigation. There are other streams of water, and the vallej's through which they run are exceedingly fertile — none more so — -while every variety of heavy timber waves its luxuriant foliage on the hills. Wheat, rye, corn and grass are produced in great abundance. Bituminous coal is found everywhere, there is a vast amount of iron ore, and a number of "salt licks," fire-clay, etc. The early history of this section of Pennsylvania is marked with horrible atrocities by the Indians. HUNTINGDON COUNTY. This county was formed September 20, 1787, of a part of Bedford county. It is located in the center of the mountain region, and its surface is therefore more or less broken. The entire area is drained by the Juniata river. Coal and iron mines are extensively worked in many localities. The industries may be summed up as follows : planing mills, woolen manufactories, forges, furnaces, rolling mills, car, foundries, and industrial works, water and steam gristmills, saw-mills, water and steam sand-crushers, tanneries, shoe, carriage, broom, chair and furniture manufactories. There are a large number of towns and villages, some of them containing very imposing buildings, in which halls dedicated to Odd Fellowship are conspicuous. INDIANA COUNTY. This county was formed March 30, 1803, of parts of Westmoreland and Lycoming counties. It contains 596,600 acres, and is well watered hy many streams. The timber in the east part of the county is white pine, hemlock and spruce pine. In the western part, it is white oak, black oak, red oak, chestnut oak, hickory, poplar, locust, chestnut, cucumber, cherry, walnut and sugar maple. These trees must be the growth of the present century and a half, as, in the earlier days, Indiana county was clear of timber and brush, and clothed with high grass. The mineral resources are iron ore, limestone, salt, bituminous coal, slate, blue sandstone (very hard), and sandstone varie gated with blue and red. Numerous salt wells have been constructed, from which salt is manufac tured in large quantities. There are several large towns, with fine, wide streets, and magnificent buildings. " JEFFERSON COUNTY. This county was formed March 26, 1804, from a part of Lycoming county. It contains 412,800 acres. The surface about the creeks and smaller streams is rugged, the hills being high and pre cipitous. The table lands are gently undulating. There is not a mountain in the county. Farming and stock-raising are active industries. In some localities the soil is barren, but in other places it is very fertile, where rich .crops of wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, corn, potatoes and hay reward the thrifty husbandman. Bituminous coal forms the base of every hill, and sandstone is abundant. Salt water can be obtained at a depth of 600 to 800 feet below the surface. Limestone of excellent quality is found in several localities, and iron ore has recently been discovered in different parts of the county. Many large saw-mills, planing mills, foundries, chair factories, woolen mills, etc., indicate the manu facturing industries of the people. JUNIATA COUNTY. This county was formed March 2, 1831, of a part of Mifflin county. Its area contains 230,400 acres, of which one-half are cleared. Belts of rock" formations range across the county in the same direction as the mountains. In these belts, or ridges, are found limestone, red shales, sandstones and green slate. There are a number of grist and saw-mills, woolen factories and wind-mill establish ments in the county, which afford employment to a large number of people. The early settlers in this section of Pennsylvania were often raided upon by the aborigines, and the most shocking depre dations and murders were committed. LACKAWANNA COUNTY. In the spring of 1879 the northern portion was taken from Luzerne and erected into a county by an act of the Legislature, and called "Lackawanna," from the river of that name which flows through it. It is the youngest and one of the most thriving counties in the State, has an area of about 200 000 acres, and contains many beautiful hills and valleys. Immense anthracite coal fields abound and large quantities of this article are mined and shipped to New York. The prominent industries are the manufacture of iron, Bessemer steel rails, and the mining of coal. A multitude of machine shons foundries and manufacturing establishments of various kinds furnish employment to a great number INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 57 of the inhabitants. The trade in lumber and shingles is very extensive, and farming and cattle- raising are largely carried on Scranton— which rapidly grew in wealth and population, and became one ot the important cities of Pennsylvania— is located in this county. The inhabitants of Lacka wanna county are among the most enterprising and thrifty in the State. LANCASTER COUNTY. KOq oSa18 count3rrw.as forl?ed May 10, 1729, and was originally a part of Chester county. 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See page 106. J. J. HARPEL, Manufacturer of and Dealer in FARMING IMPLEMENTS AND MILL MACHINERY, Serenth Street, IiEBAHTON, PA. ?? All kinds of Repairing done, at short notice. ' See page 105. 17. 8, Mutual Aid Society of Pennsylvania, One of the Solid Institutions of the State. Home Office, cor. Ninth and Bail Road Sts., ILEDBAJVOrf. ' Harrisburg Office, cor. Kelker St. and Ridge Ar. GEO. A. MARK. Secretary. D. S. EARLY, General Agent. figg°See page, 105. DETROIT FREE PRESS Combines to a surprising extent, in its well-filled pages, the grace, learning, wit, humor, versatility and gen ius of the American people. Specimen copies sent free. Address, The Detroit Free Press, Detroit, Mich. EAGLE MARBLE WORKS. Jer. E. Dauglierty, 110 Worth Ninth Street, LEBANON, PA. See page 103. LEBANON Stove Foundry and Hollow Ware Works, S. L. E. & J. LIGHT & CO., PROPRIETORS, Cor. of Guiford and Eighth Sts. BSg~ See page 104. Reinoehl & Meily, IlIMBER, CO At, PtABriHTG, SAW MIIXS, SASH AIVD TUBJf- EVG FACTORY, Eighth & Ninth Sts. & Union Canal, LEBANON, PA. JS@" See page 103. J. G. DITMAN & CO., WHOLESALE DEALERS IS PAPER, Nos. 30, 33 and 34 South Sixth St., PHILADELPHIA, PA. Paper of Every Description Made to Order, LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE. AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY OF POPULAR LITERATURE* SCIENCE. Yearly Subscription, $4,. For Sale by all Book and News Dealers. **•*». A Specimen Number will be mailed; postage paid, to any address, on receipt of 20 cents. J. B. LippilflCOtt t&iCo., Puhlithers, PHIIiAPELipHIA. 102 LEBANON. ITS HISTORY AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES, ETC "Lebanon, a town of marked enterprise and thrift, the Capital of Lebanon county, is beautifully situated on the Lebanon Valley branch of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, 25$ miles from Harrisburg, and 28£ miles from Reading. The early settlers of this part of Pennsylvania were mostly Germans, but many Scotch and Irish settled in the immediate vicinity. As early as 1724, and" even previous, we have authentic testimony that many people settled where Lebanon now stands. In 1740 a church was built in this neighborhood by the Moravians, and also by the Mennonites. In 1750 a town was laid out by George Steitz, in whose honor it was called Steitztown, and from that time it continued steadily to grow, and contained in 1772 about, 200 houses. , iDuring the Revolutionary War many of its inhabitants served in the armies and fought at the battles of Trenton and Germantown. In 1813 its name was changed to Lebanon, at the time Leb anon cpunty was formed, Feb. 16th of that year, and Lebanon became the county seat, and had made such advances that, in 1821, it was incorporated as a borough. Its growth in population, wealth and commercial importance has been rapid and steady, and ranks in proportion to its popu lation among the first manufacturing towns, not only of the State of Pennsylvania, but of the whole country. Like all other towns, cities and manufacturing centers, Lebanon has felt the effects of the great depression, financial distress and general stagnation of all enterprise and improvement ; but of late years, and more especially in the past few months, it has experienced an activity it has not known before for years. Its business men are shrewd, cautious, and far-seeing, and the inhabit ants thrifty and -enterprising, and its industries based upon too broad a basis to be shaken by the first breath of adversity. The early settlement of the town was originally made south of the Quittapahilla creek, which at one time was larger and continually full of water, a marked differ ence from its present appearance. Mills were erected along the creek, and the town gradually grew towards its banks. About 1827, the Union Canal was constructed, which passed within about a half a mile from the original town, and a town began to be built on its line, called North Lebanon. They both prospered ; the old one became the center of trade, while the new one turned its attention, to manufactures. Iii 1856-7, the Lebanon Valley Railroad was completed, itjs line dividing the two towns, and adding materially to their growth and prosperity. In 1869 the two towns were consoli dated and many improvements made. Trade and manufactures took a fresh impetus, new streets were opened, and building lots laid out and buildings erected, and the population rapidly increased until it now numbers 9000. The town is regularly laid out, with excellent streets ahd'sidewalks. Its school facilities are unsurpassed, and the church edifices numerous and of the finest style of ar chitecture. It is supplied with pure spring water, brought from a distance of several miles, and is lighted with gas. There are four banks and eight newspapers, two daily and six weekly. .There are a number of handsome residences thrpughout the town, and many large buildings on the principal business streets. The Court House is a substantial brick edifice, erected in 1816 and enlarged in 1853 ; the whole of the interior was remodeled three years ago, at a cost of $15,000. The cupola contains a clock and is surmounted by a statue of Justice eight feet in height, The Opera House is a well-arranged building, built of brick. The building of the United Brethren Mu tual Aid Society, of Pennsylvania, is the largest in the borough, 60 feet by 61 feet in dimensions,' three stories in height, with a cupola. It is built of brick, with ornamental sandstone dressings, and is a model of beauty both as regards workmanship and architectural design. The Soldiers' Monument, in the northern part of the borough, was erected by the ladies to the memory of the brave sons of Lebanon county who fell in defence of the Union. It is of white marble, about 30 feet in height, and consists of a platform and base| on which rests a fluted Cor inthian column surmounted with a large ball. Lebanon is situated in the fertile valley of the same name, in the center of one of the richest agricultural regions of the State, in close proximity to the great coal fields, and but five miles from the immense "iron hills" of Cornwall. In its immediate vicinity limestone is found in abundanqe* and brown stone, valuable for building purposes, is also obtained in large quantities. A superior quality of clay for making bricks is also found, and a large trade is soon destined to be carried on in this line of Manufacture. Its railroad facilities are all that could be desired, the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad giving it communication with the sea coast, and the Pennsylvania and the Northern, Central roads affording it outlets to the North, the great West and the South. The chief production is iron; the furnaces and rolling mills are of the largest size, and the output of pigrmetal, annually, is immense. Large quantities of machinery, agricultural im plements, sash, doors and blinds, and furniture, are also manufactured for other markets, and her industries are steadily growing and becoming more important every year. CITY OF LEBANON. 103 THE HOME MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION, OF PENN9 A; HOME OFFICE, cor. Eighth and Willow Sts., Lebanon, Pa. The Association was organized on the 16th of August, 1876, and was incorporated on tlie 23d of September follow ing, under a supplement to the act of April 4th, 1873, authorizing the establishment of an Insurance Department, which supplement was approved May 1, 1876. From the first, it has received an increasing flow of patronage on account of 'its fair and equitable dealings with its members, and now, though but a few years in existence, its membership has reached almost astonishing proportions. Over 2700 members are now entered upon the roll-books of the Association, representing or covering an insurance of over four million dollars. This healthy increase, during the comparatively brief period in which this Association has been in existence, must give its officers every reason to feel highly gratified. and encouraged by what has already been accomplished, and at the brilliant prospects for the future, which must cer tainly loilow a continuance ot their present management. The officers of the Association are at present as follows: Hon. J. G.'Heiluaan, President ; A. S. Light, Esq. .Vice-President; J. H. Miller, Esq., Secretary; E. M. Woomer, Esq., Treasurer; and W. M. Guilford, M. D., Medical Director ; — gentlemen well known in this community, who havo been connected with the, enterprise from its inception, and have labored sedulously to establish it upon its present satisfactory footing, and . are entitled to no small commendation for the admirable manner in which they have performed their allotted duties. As citizens, as well as business men, they are held in high esteem; this is evidenced by the fact that a number of them have been honored with the responsibility of important public trusts. The Hon. J. G. Heihnan, the worthy Presi dent, served his constituents acceptably in the General Assembly of the State for two terms, and in the State Senate for a period of five years. A. S. Light, Esq., the efficient Vice-President, has served as Clerk to the County Commis sioners for the past 12 years, as a member of the School Board for six years, us a Justice of the Peace for five years, besides having a good war record, won by service in the 127th Kegiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. J. H. Miller, Esq., the capable Secretary, was a member of the State House of Representatives for two years, and a member of the School Board for the same length of time. He also served two terms in the Town Council. As an insurance man, he has had an experience of over 20 years, and lias made it the subject of especial study. He has been the Secretary of the Washington Fire Insurance Company since 3860, the date of its organization, and has served, in an official capacity, all the, leading Insurance Companies of the country. E. M. Woomer, Esq., the Treasurer, filled the position oi Clerk to the Orphans' Court for a term of three years, and served his country in the time of her dire necessity, and has es tablished his right to her deepest gratitude by leaving upon the battle iield of the " Wilderness" one of his limbs, as a mark of bis devotion to the flag he went forth to defend. He is a gentleman of fine personal address and pleasing manners. Dr. Guilford, the proficient Medical Director, is at present Medical Examiner for the United States Pension Bureau, a position for which, from his character and acquirements, he is eminently fitted. Such being a brief outline history of the growth and progress of the Home Mutual Life Association, it is hardly necessary to add that its influence upon the thrift of the community has been and is promotive of the general well- being in no small degree, and it is not going too far to assert that, in achieving material prosperity, it has also estab lished a high standard of commercial honor, in the adherence to which it has secured the respect and esteem of all with whom it has effected relations, thus increasing every year its sphere of usefulness, as well as augmenting itB resources. EAGLE MARBLE WORKS,-^, E. Daugherty, 110 North 9th St., Lebanon, Pa. A's a manufacturer of Monuments and Tombstones, besides being a contractor for the execution of all kinds of cemetery work, Mr. Daugherty has an experience of over 30 years, and has acquired a reputation for promptness, relia bility and artistic work, which reflects the highest credit upon his establishment. The enterprise was started by Mr. Daugherty in 1852 upon small capital, but, by industry, energy and close application to business — always aiming to promote the best interests of those having dealings with him — the business has steadily increased until it has become the most prominent establishment of its kind in the Lebanon valley. Located at No. 110 North Ninth street, the works occupy a space of 33x200 feet, the building in which the finer work is carried on being a two-story frame, 16x28 feet. A stock of from. $3000 to $6000 is always kept on hand, and the business annually conducted will reach a like sum. Three experienced artisans are employed at these works continuously, and an extra force is added as the demands of the trade'require. The trade is not only largely local, but extends to other counties, and contracts are made with parties at a distance for large works coming within the lineof Mr. Daugherty's legitimate business. There is scarcely a cemetery in Lebanon county which does not contain handsome evidences of the skill and superior workmanship of this establish ment. As a business man, the proprietor is looked upon as being a practical, representative man, such as are of great benefit to any community ; and, as a citizen, he is held in the highest respect, enjoying the confidence of his fellow men in an eminent degree. He was elected Assistant Burgess in 1857, and, upon the resignation of the Chief Burgess, Jacob Weidel, Esq., now deceased, six months later, Mr. Daugherty was chosen to fill the unexpired term. He haB also filled acceptably the position of school director for three terms, during which time he was the treasurer of that bodv. During the political campaign of 1867 he was chosen chairman of the Hepublican county committee— a position which he filled with credit to himself and with honor to those whose confidence in his integrity placed him there. A native of Lebanon county, born at Schaefferstown, Mr. Daugherty has resided in the town since 1852, and has always been identified with its welfare, taking an active part in the government of its municipal affairs. REINOEHL & MEILY,— Lumber, Coal, Planing, Saw-MillsSash,& Turning Factory; Eighth and Ninth Sts. and Union Canal. Established as early as 1826 by Mr. George Eeinoehl, who successfully conducted the business until about 1840, when it passed into the hands of Messrs. George Eeinoehl & Son, who were succeeded by Mark & Eeinoehl, who were in turn followed by the present firm in 1855. About 1868 "the immense Planing and Saw-Mills were erected. The grounds occupied by the firm cover six acres and are two squares in length, having an L shape, and are covered with buildings and sheds. The main building is 70x45 feet, and three stories in height, and used as the Placing Mill and Sash , Factorv. Adjoining this, on the north, is the engine, boiler and " shaving house," thoroughly fire-proof. In front of the engine house is a huge cvlindrical iron tank, for the steaming of the various kinds ot woods used in the factory. Everything about the premises is under the immediate supervision of the firm, there being no less than 12 departments. The establishment is furnished in every department with the most approved machinery, driven by an engine of 60-horse power, and furnishes constant employment to about 30 skilled workmen. In the Coal and Lumber yards 15 additional hands are employed. They are also largely engaged in getting out Mouldings and materials for Stair-Building, fancy Wood Wort generally, and Carvings. The figure of Justice on the Court House in this borough was carved by this firm. Mr. Adolphus Eeinoehl is a native of Lebanon, and one of her most liberal and public-spirited citizens. He was elected Chief Burgess of North Lebanon borough, and held the office until the time of the consolidation of the boroughs in 1869. In that year he was again elected, and had the honor of being the first Chief Burgess of the consolidated bor ough of Lebanon. From 1870 to 1873 he held the position of Prothonotary of Lebanon county, and has, at various times, been a school director and president of the School Board. Mr. Charles H. Meily is also a native of Lebanon, and has always fostered and promoted, in every possible way, the interests of his native place. He is a member of the di rectors of the School Board and treasurer of that body. 104 INDUSTRIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. LEBANON STOVE FOUNDRY and Hollow-Ware Works; S. L. E. and J. LIGHT & CO., Proprietors, cor. of Guilford and Eighth Sts. This enterprise was originally started by Thomas & Mutch, in 1847, who were succeeded, two years later, by Fos ter & Mutch, who, in turn, were succeeded, in 1868, by Eosenberg & Light. These gentlemen continued the busi ness until 1875, when it passed into the hands of Messrs. E. and J. Light, who, in July, 1879, were succeeded by the present firm. The products of the establishment comprise a variety of popular Stoves and Hollow-Ware generally, besides a general Foundry business. Five buildings are occupied in carrying on the operations of the firm, and these comprise the five departments into which the work is divided. They are the pattern shop, casting house, mounting room, warehouse, and office. In these various departments, 19 hands are employed, besides the firm, who exercise a general supervision over the affairs of the concern. A six-horse-power horizontal engine, supplied from two 12- horse-power boilers, furnishes the motive power to the machinery. The capital employed is about $30,000, and the annual business of the firm will reach a figure of at least $40,000. The trade of the firm lies principally in the State of Pennsylvania, although orders are shipped to distant points, from time to time„as the superiority of their manu factures becomes known. The firm consists of Samuel L. Light, Ezekiel Light and Job Light, who are all natives of Lebanon, and have grown up with its best interests, identified, coequally, with their own. Tlie two latter gentlemen are ministers of tlie Gospel, and having been engaged in that occupation for the last 20 years, may not be said to sustain an active re lation tothe business, though copartners of the Works. They are connected with the denomination known as the United Brethren in Christ, one of the strongest, if not the strongest sect in the Lebanon valley. Mr. Ezekiel Light was connected with the army, during the war, as chaplain. In 1872 the Works were entirely destroyed by fire, but with that undaunted perseverance so characteristic of American "enterprise, -they were rebuilt the following year upon a larger scale than before. Of the personal reputation of the firm there need little be said. Their relations to the business world are of such a nature as must inspire the utmost confidence in their integrity, an'd as to their business qualifications, their present flourishing condition bears the most undoubted evidence. As to the amount of business which is at present transacted, it is proper to state that the figures above named do not indicate the expansion it is rapidly acquiring since the connection with the firm of S. L. Light, Esq., who is unquestionably a gentleman of re markable business tact. It is therefore likely that it will, in a few years, reach from $100,000 to $150,000 per annum. His motto in the business, judging from the past, is expansion on a safe basis, and we have not the least doubt that, located in a place possessing great natural advantages for iron industries, the Lebanon Stove and Hollow-Ware Works will, in the near future, rank foremost in the State. LEBANON BUTTON WORKS,-£. Light & Co., Proprietors, Manufacturers of Horn Buttons, Combs, Chains, Buckles, Jewelry and Trimmings. Originated in 1878 by Mr. B. K. Dorwart, it was started upon small capital and with limited facilities, hut by im proving the machinery used, and thus cheapening the product, it has grown into proportions which mark it as a well- established enterprise. In January of the present year, Mr. Dorwart associated with him Mr. E. Light, as a financial partner, and added a number of new machines of"his own invention and manufacture. The factory is a two-story irame building, 30x30 feet, and the work is divided into six departments. Fourteen hands are employed, the average product being about 40 gross of buttons per day. The trade lies principally in the Eastern cities, among large whole sale and jobbing notion houses. Mr. Light is a minister, having charge of the congregation of the U. B. Church at Hummelstown, but financially connected with a number of prominent business enterprises. Mr. Dorwart, the active partner, is a thoroughly practi cal mechanic, who understands every detail of the business in which he is engaged, having learned it thoroughly by practical experience in the Eastern States. He came to this place in 1875, where he has since resided, and where he originated the enterprise with which he is now connected. Constant additions are being made to the facilities, and, as soon as the appropriate machinery can be made, the manufacture will be extended to anything in which horn can be used. A. HERSHBERGER & BO'S -Manufacturers of Furniture of all descriptions, 617 Cumberland St. The enterprise now conducted by .Messrs. A. Hershberger & Son, whose warerooms are located at No. 617 Cumber land street, and whose factory is in the immediate rear, fronting on Spring alley, was started in 1844 by the senior member of the present firm upon about $60 capital, and the workshop was in a kitchen. By economy, personal energy and enterprise he has reared an establishment which ranks second to none in importance, in its line, throughout the Lebanon valley, and it is a subject of congratulation to the originator and successful conductor of this flourishing busi ness, which now has a capital of from $10,000 to $11,000. , The first building, which fronts on Cumberland street, is a three-story brick, 24x76 feet in dimensions, and is used as a general ware and sales department. It is fully stocked with a fine assortment of Parlor, Dining-Eoom and Kitchen Furniture, all of the newest styles and best finish. The Factory, which is located in the rear, is a frame building, 20x84 feet, and three stories in height. The third building is a store-house, where the raw materials used are stored for the purpose of being thoroughlv seasoned, and is a frame . building 24x28 feet. For the speedy and safe delivery of Furniture purchased, they have recently added two splendid Furniture wagons, by which they make prompt delivery to any part of the surrounding country, and warranted in sound condition. The firm consists of Mr. Abram Hershberger and his. son, Stephen Hershberger, both of whom are natives of Leb anon county— the former born in 1828, and the latter in 1852. They are both working mechanics, -who take every pos sible interest in their business, which is largely local, but extends all over this and portions of other States. Person ally, they are courteous gentlemen, and their fellow citizens may feel proud at having two such representative men in their midst. JOHN FOX,- Lumber Dealer, cor. Seventh and Guilford Sts. The Lumber trade takes special rank among the leading pursuits of Lebanon, there being several firms largely en gaged m this trade, supplying the surrounding countrv. Prominent among those so engaged is Mr. John Fox, who oc cupies about three acres of ground at the corner of Seventh and Guilford streets, extending to the "Union Canal, most ot which is under cover, who at all times carries a full and complete stock of well-seasoned Lumber of all kinds. He has /or many years been closely identified with the Lumber trade in this section, having originally established his business in 1868. In 1879, Mr. Fox, in company with Mr. Edward C. Euston, founded the firm of Fox & Euston, manu facturers of Doors, Sash, Blinds, etc., and erected a substantial brick mill, 40x80 feet in dimensions and two stories in height, oh the lot fronting on Seventh street, near the corner of Guilford, fitted up in the best manner with all the latestimprovcmenta and appliances in wood-working machinery, which is driven by a 20-horse-power engine, and fur nishing employment to a large force ot workmen. They manufacture Floor Boarding, Wainscoting, Blinds, Sash and Doors of all kinds, Mouldings, etc. and make a specialty of Stair-Building and Hand Bailings, and deal in kiln-dried Lumber. Tlieir trade compares favorably with that of any similar establishment in this vicinitv, both as regards quality of material, workmanship or prices. " „ , ,M.r:.John F°x has .t^n a resident of Lebanon since 1868, and has achieved an enviable position among the success ful business men for his enterprise and practical business ability. Mr. Edward C. Euston is a native of this place an energetic and. reliable business man, practically conversant with all the details of their rapidly growing business. - Messrs. Fox & Luston also give estimates for large or small contracts. ' CITY OP LEBANON. 105 THE U. B. MUTUAL AID SOCIETY, OF PENNSYLVANIA; HOME OFFICE, cor. Ninth St. and Philadelphia and Reading Railroad. There is, perhaps, no institution in all the beautiful Lebanon valley more widelv and favorably known than that which forms the subject of this sketch. It was organized in 1869 by a few prominent ministers and lay members of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, prominent- among whom was Bishop J. J. Glossbrenn'er, the object being to secure to those who could not afford to take out policies in the old companies, ail the benefits ot such at actual cost. Although its founders were identified with the Church above mentioned, anc notwithstanding the fact that the Society takes its name from that body, it never was, in any wa/? connected with it, and is in no wise responsible for its conduct. Neither is it an exclusive institution, for it bears in its membership the followers of nearly every denominational l«dv of Christians in the country. Th: organization was chartered by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, March 11,1869, under the name of (1The Un.^ed Brethren Mutual Aid Society, of Pennsylvania," and became perpetual, with certain rights and privileges speci fied in the charter. The attempt being new, and the mode of operations, in some respects, radically different from any ?lan or system promulgated by the life-insurance world, it was to be expected that obstacles would be encountered. 'he undertaking was one of no ordinary magnitude, but with faith in their theory, and that indomitable energy and perseverance which has characterized all great attainments, they accomplished their aims and have given to the world asystem of mutual aid which, for cheapness, equity, security and popularity, all combined, has no equal. The first cer tificate of membership was issued to the Rev. George Wagoner, ot Johnstown, Pa., on the 2lst day of May, 1870, and . the first death loss occurred on the 15th day of September of the same year. This loss was promptly paid in full by the Society, and from that date the membership increased with a rapidity simply astonishing. From its infancy it lias stood upon its own merits, and its honest management, its efficient manner of affording aid to those suddenly bereaved, its cheapness and fairness, as compared with old-line companies, have so recommended it to the people that it is already operating in 30 States of the Union, and even has members in districts as remote as Africa and Japan. When the So ciety had been in successful operation a few years, it was deemed necessary, in order to accommodate the large business constantly accumulating, to secure a place where the records and accounts could be safely kept and the business of the Society systematically carried on. For this purpose it was determined to erect a "Home Office," and, in accordance therewith, a magnificent building was erected, into which the offices were removed March 30, 1874. The building is lo cated on the corner of Ninth street, at its intersection with the Philadelphia and Reading railroad, in the center of the city. The building itself is a handsome three-story brick structure, fronting on Ninth street 61 feet and ex tending 60 feet along the railroad, and is admirably arranged. The general business room, on the first floor, contains. the office of the Secretary and also that of the Treasurer. It is 26 feet by 57 feet deep, and so arranged as to connect with a fire-proof vault, 13x11 feet, while back of the vault is a suitable committee room, 16x20 feet. A room on the second floor, above the centre hall, is used as the office of the General Agent, and the one adjoining in front is the Act uary's office. The officers of the Society at present are as follows: J. B. Stehman, Esq., President; Gideon Light, Esq., Vice- President; J. B. Rauch, Treasurer ; Geo. A. Mark, Secretary ; D. S. Early, General Agent ; I. L. Kephart, A. M., Act uary ; S. B. Light, M. D., Medical Examiner, and John Benson, Esq., Solicitor. Among these will be observed names that are synonymous with integrity, and closely associated with all that* contributes to the general welfare of the com munity. As an evidence of the appreciation in which they are held by their fellow citizens, it may not be out of place tochronicle the fact that most of them have held prominent political positions. Mr. Rauch, the Treasurer, was for merly Register for the county of Lebanon ; Mr. Light, the Vice-President, filled the office of County Treasurer ; Mr. H. H. Kreider, one of the directors, now holds the position of Prothonotary of the Courts of Lebanon county ; and Mr. Kinports, also a director, has occupied a seat on the Judicial bench ; Mr. Early, the General Agent, was, without solicitation, placed before the public as the candidate of the National party, in 1878, for Congressional honors. During the ten years passed, the business of the Society has increased as follows : Its divisions have increased from 0 to 4 ; its ' classes from 0 to 19 ; its membership from 0 to 13,252 ; its amount of risks carried from 0 to $2^,070,000 ; has paid in death losses the enormous sum of $1,648,191; and accumulated a guarantee fund of $175,000. Does not the result of these ten years a-fford a very satisfactory assurance that the Society's system is sound and practicable ? Of the force em ployed to conduct the immense business of the Society, ten clerks and one messenger are located at the main or home office, while the outside business is conducted by a Manager and 100 district agents, who, in turn, employ the services of over 2500 securing agents. A paper called "The Journal," devoted to the interests of the Society, is issued monthly and distributed throughout the offices of the. various district agencies, having a circulation of over 14,000 copies. As one of the institutions indissolubly connected with every interest which aids in the progress of reform, the t". B. Mu tual Aid Society, of Pennsylvania, is justly entitled to the place it has attained and the consideration with which it is universally regarded. LEBANON BOILER WORKS,-Henry Pott & Bro., Proprietors. These Works were founded in October, 1873. The premises occupied by the firm are on the Lebanon branch of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, at the corner of Thirteenth street, covering more than one-half an acre, with conven iently arranged buildings, t lie principal being the boiler shop, 65x85 feet. The machinery is the most completo and perfect.; consisting of all the latest improvements to be found in any similar establishment in this section. A perfect system is everywhere visible throughout the Works, each and every department being under the immediate supervision of the firm. Thirty -five hands are constantly employed, with a weekly pay-roll of over 8400, and the productions, consisting of Boilers, Smoke Stacks, Tanks, Oil Stills, Coal Chutes, Steam Pumps and Steam Fittings, Pipes for Blast Furnaces and Steam Engines, are all of the best material and most thorough workmanship. Messrs. Pott & Bro. are conscientious and energetic business men, who have attained their present eminence in the business in which they are engaged by their own efforts. They are natives of the city of Reading, but have been residents of Lebanon for six years, where they are highly respected as honorable and reliable business men, first-class, §ractical mechanics, and public-spirited citizens. They are also largely engaged in the manufacture of the Centennial team Generator, which combines many advantages over others, and. make a specialty of building Steam Engines, from two to 100-horse power. Messrs. Pott & Bro. are also engaged in the Anthracite Coal business, supplying the best qualities only from the Schuylkill region, carefully prepared for family use. The establishment of the Lebanon Boiler Works has been of great advantage to the borough of Lebanon, and ranks aa one of the most prominent of themany indus trial enterprises of that thrifty community. J. J. HARPYli— Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, Seventh St., near Willow. These Works, now occupied by Mr. J. J. Harpel, are among the oldest in the borough of Lebanon, and have always enjoyed a high character for the excellence of the work turned out. They were originally established, 20 years ago, by H. A. Major & Bro., when, after a number of changes, about two years ago, Mr.. J. J. Harpel became sole proprietor. The grounds cover about one-half an acre, on which are erected three buildings of various sizes, the principal one of which is 40x80 feet in dimensions, with a wing, and is supplied throughout with all the necessary machinery and appli ances of the latest improvements. A 12-horse engine furnishes the motive power, and an ample force of skilled me chanics are employed in the different departments. Almost all kinds of Agricultural Implements are made, consisting principally of Threshing Machines, Separators and Cleaners, Corn Planters, Horse Rakes, etc. . . ¦ - Mr. J. J Harpel, the proprietor of these Works, is a native of Philadelphia, but has been for 12 years a resident of Lebanon, and has always been closely identified with its industrial development and prosperity'. He is a first-class me chanic, in the full acceptation of the term, and a prompt and reliable business man. He is a member of the School Board, and has always directed his influence to the support of those measures which seemed best calculated to advance the system of public-school education in the county. 106 INDUSTRIES OP PENNSYLVANIA. EAGLE STEAM PLANING MILL -Gassert & Cilley, Proprietors, Contractors, Builders, and Manufacturers of Sash, Doors, Blinds, &c, cor. Sixth and Willow Sts. A large and growing business is carried on in Lebanon in this special line of manufacture, one of the leading estab lishments being that of Messrs. Gassert & Cilley, whose mills, located at the corner of Sixth and Willow streets, have achieved a prominence second to no other in this section of the State. They occupy one acre of ground, on which they have erected a large and substantial building, 60x70 feet, and two stories in height, replete with all the latest devices and machinery for wood-working purposes, requiring a 20-horse-power engine, and giving employment to a large force of workmen. These gentlemen began business about three years ago, and their mills have been in constant operation since that time. While many others were "shut down" during the panic, the "busy hum" of industry was constantly heard from the Eagle Mill, which is at once an evidence of the superior character of their productions, and showing sound judgment and ability in conducting their business. Besides the manufacture of Doors, Blinds, Sash, Shutters, Stairs, etc., they make a specialty of every description of Wood-Turning and Scroll-Sawing, and give special attention to getting out work of all kinds in walnut, ash, chestnut, pine and other woods, for the inside finish and ornamenta tion of dwellings, public buildings, churches, etc., and contract for buildings of every description. The members of the firm, Mr. George Gassert and Mr. John H. Cilley, are thorough mechanics, fully conversant with their business in every detail. They are natives of Lebanon, occupying a high position among the business com munity, Mr. George Gassert having been elected in 1872 to represent his fellow townsmen in the councils of the bor ough. He is at present a member of the Board of Health of Lebanon and a director of the Universal Fire Insurance Company, of Philadelphia. The Eagle Mills occupy a prominent position among the industrial establishments of Lebanon, and nave, in no small degree, been the means of extending the fame of that borough as a manufacturing center. Lebanon Impervious Building and Paving-Stone Company. "The Impervious Building and Paving Stone Company," whose works are located near the North Lebanon Fur naces, is the only one of its kind in the world. The material used is the " slag " or waste from blast furnaces, which heretofore was not considered capable of utilization, and was regarded as- an annoying encumberance by furnace owners. In the process of manufacture, the " slag," as it runs from the furnaces, is caught in iron vessels built upon trucks, and by means of a tramway conducted to the machine, which is simply an iron frame-work, about five feet high and 20 feet long, over which pass the moulds into which the slag is poured. The moulds are fastened to an endless chain, which keeps revolving, emptying t'beir contents at a certain point and returning underneath the frame to be re filled. The tiles or blocks, after being dropped from the moulds, are subjected to a cooling process, which, like the ma chine, is the invention of Mr. Charles Diebold, the superintendent of the works. This machine is the only one in use in the country. Mr. Diebold is also the inventor of a process of making a sand from furnace slag which can be used to advantage as ballast on railroads. The building blocks are made by a similar process, the only difference being the size and shape of the moulds. The substance of which they are made being a non-conductor, an even temperature is maintained in buildings constructed of this material. This enterprise was started in 1870. The officers are Dr. J. H. Mease, President ; Charles Diebold, Superintendent ; John S. Kreider, Secretary, and Cyrus Lantz, Treasurer. The capital invested is about $10,000, and the building oc cupied is a frame structure, 40x70 feet. There are, in many portions of the country, handsome specimens of the Pav ing Tile manufactured by this Company, and the demand for the goods is steadily increasing. Mr. Diebold, the in ventor, is a machinist by trade, born in Wurttemberg, Germany, and came to this country in 1857. He is a. thoroughly practical man, and understands his business in its every detail. _ , MILLER ORGAN COMPANY —Manufacturers of Cabinet Organs, Cor. Eighth ana Maple Sts. In our reviews of the industries of Lebanon it is our pleasure to make particular mention of the Miller Organ Com pany, which was started in 1871 by Mr. A. B. Miller in a one-story building, 12x14 feet, upon small capital, and depend ing tor success mainly upon excellence in quality of materials and workmanship, the enterprise grew steadilv, and a large factory was built, in order to accommodate the increased patronage. The work is divided into five departments : the first is devoted to getting out the wood in the rough ; the second to making the cases ; the third to building the actions; the fourth to varnishing and finishing; and the fifth to tuning. In these various departments a number of skilled artisans are employed, each one a specialist in his peculiar line of duty ; and the whole establishment is replete with the best and latest improved machinery which human ingenuity and skill have devised. The machinery is driven by a 20-horse-power engine. All the materials used in the manufacture of these Organs are of the best which the mar kets of the world afford. The capital at present employed is about $20,000, and the amount of business transacted will reach at least a sum equal to the capital represented. The present firm consists of Messrs. A. B. Miller and A. H. Miller, both natives of Lebanon county— the former having been born in North Lebanon township in 1848, and the latter in North Annville township in 1845. The senior member superintends the mechanical construction of the Organs ; and the junior member, who is a practical tuner of long experience, superintends the tuning department. Both these gentlemen are remarkable for the energy and push which has characterized the conduct of the enterprise which bears their name, and display in an extraordinary degree a peculiar adaptation for the business in which they are engaged. HENRY H. BRANDT-taw/ Dealer, Eighth St., near the Railroad Depot. This gentleman occupies one of the most eligible locations for conducting the Coal business in the borough of Lebanon, being directly in the rear of the railroad depot and nearly in the center of the town. He began the business as a dealer in Coal about four years ago, and enjoys the patronage of many of the leading families. Carrying always afull stock of the best Coal from the popular Schuylkill, Burkside, Mahanoy, Lorberry and Shamokin districts, and makes a specialty of preparing it for family purposes. It is always thoroughly screened and free from dust and slate, and de livered in the borough limits free of charge. He attends to the preparation of the Coal himself, and always uses his best endeavors to give satisfaction to his customers. Mr. Henry H. Brandt is a native of Lebanon, where he has always resided. He is a thorough-going, conscientious young man, upright and honorable in all his dealings, attending closely to his business, and has won the respect of the entire community by his gentlemanly deportment and reliable business transactions. MARBLE WOUKS-Henry I. Daugherty, Chestnut St., near Eighth. The Marble Works of this gentleman, on Chestnut street, near Eighth, are the most complete of any in Lebanon. He began business on his own account in the spring of 1878, which has been steadilv increasing and keeping him and several assistants constantly employed. He makes a specialty of Monuments, Headstones, etc., and imports Scotch Granite Monuments and Headstones, and gets out Marble work for building and other purposes, and has achieved a reputation throughout this and adjoining countiesior the superior excellence of his work, beautv of design and artistic finish* Mr. Henry I. Daugherty was born in Schaefferstown, in this county, and early learned the trade of a marble cut ter. He is a young, energetic and reliable business man, fully qualified in every manner to successfully conduct this special branch of business, which he does to the entire satisfaction of the large number of patrons of the establishment. . LEBANON. CITY OF LEBANON. 107 J. L. LEMBERGER, Ph. G -Druggist, 8 North Ninth St. The well-known and popular Pharmacy located at No. 8 North Ninth street, of J. L. Lemberger, Ph. G., was Oritfi*- nally started in 1856 by Messrs. U-uilford & Lemberger, who were succeeded ,by the present proprietor in 1858. The capital upon which the original enterprise was started was comparatively small, but, under his skillful management, steadily increased. His stock is large, comprising a complete assortment of Drugs, Medicines, Chemicals, Toilet Articles, Patent Medicines, Perfumery, etc., enabling him to supply readily, and at fair prices, anything for which there is a public demand. The business is divided into three departments— jobbing, retail and prescription. The trade, which is extensive, is confined to the borough and surrounding country, special attention being paid to the preparation of Physicians' Prescriptions. Dr. L. is a native of Lebanon county, but has since 1845 been a resident of the borough, excepting an interval of about eight years, during which time he resided in Philadelphia, engaged in the study of his profession. He graduated at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1854, but did not receive his degree of Ph. G. from that institution until two years later, he not being of the required age (21 years) at the time of his graduation. He is at present Vice-Presi dent of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Treasurer of the State Pharmaceutical Association, President of the Zeta-Phi-Alpha Society of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Secretary of the Municipal Board of Health, and a member of the School Board. As a contributor to the advancement of the science of Pharmacy, this gentleman enjoys an enviable reputation, and a number of specialties of his manufacture have acquired an extensive celebrity. Among these are "Lemberger's Oil Paste Blacking." now manufactured by Messrs. Weikel & Smith, of Philadelphia, and "Lemberger's American Cathartic Lozenges." He is a skillful and accomplished Druggist, and an agreeable gentleman, endowed with fine business and executive ability. A. B. HAUCK— Manufr of Patented Articles and Specialties for Household Purposes, Cor. Sixth and Willow Sts. In the manufacture of Specialties and Patented Articles which are indispensable in households, there is, perhaps, no other establishment in this part of Pennsylvania that equals that of Mr. A. B. Hauck for character, extent and va riety of its productions. He manufactures* Slaw Cutters, Wash Boards, Hat Racks, Knife Trays, Towel Rollers, etc., making a specialty of Andrew's Dried Beef and Bologna Cutters, and S. Hauck' a Patented Centennial and Light ning Vegetable Cutters, and is also largely engaged in the manufacture of Cigar Boxes. The Andrews Dried Beef and Bologna Cutters supply a want long felt by hotels, boarding-houses, groceries and families, and have achieved a reputa tion throughout the country as the most simple in contrivance and most perfect machine ever introduced — the Hauck celebrated Centennial and the Lightning Vegetable Cutters, answering all the purposes for which they are designed and meeting with the decided approval of all that have used them for their superiority over others, by the ease and facility with which they are handled, and simplicity and durability of construction. An immense number of these various articles are manufactured yearly and shipped to New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, from whence they find their way all over the country, giving employment to a large force of workmen to supply the continual growing demand. The manufactory is 40x50 feet in dimensions, with a wing 20x30 feet, complete with all kinds of wood-working ma chinery, driven by a 20-horse-power engine. A native of Lebanon, Mr. Hauck has always resided here. He is well known as taking a leading rank among the prominent business men of the borough, and is a director of the Valley Mutual Fire Insurance Co. The great variety of articles manufactured by him affords an ample scope for the display of his mechanical ingenuity in the superintend ence of their construction. VAN-DE-SANDE & CAPJ? -Manufrs Refined & Double-Refined Merchant Iron, Horse Shoe and Guide Iron. This enterprise was started in 1872 by the present proprietors, who have succeeded in establishing their business on a firm foundation. The product of the works consists of Refined and Double-Refined Merchant Iron, Horse Shoe and Guide Iron of all sizes, has a reputation in the market which secures a ready sale, a fact which accounts for the steady running of the works throughout the late panic. Tlie capacity of the works is about 100 tons per week, but the firm are at all times ready to meet all demands made upon them. The grounds occupy about two acres, and contain large Puddle and Rolling Mills, besides the out-buildings. The motive power for the machinery, which is of the most im proved pattern, is furnished by three engines, ranging from 40 to 250-horse power. In the various departments from 3S to 40 hands are in constant employment, at a monthly expense of $1500. Besides the machinery for manufacturing iron, they have in addition appropriate machinery for turning the rolls used and making the general repairs in the works. The trade is principally in this State. The firm consists of Messrs. Wm. Van-de-Sande and Jacob Capp, both practical business men, who attend person ally to every detail of their business with ability and energy. Mr. Van-de-Sande is of Belgian extraction, but has been a resident of this country since early youth, and has been a resident of Lebanon since 1864. Mr. Capp is a prac tical mechanic, and devotes his personal energies to a general superintendence of the workings of the mill. In every way the firm is worthy of the success it has attained, and their enterprise is soon destined to rank among the leading manufactories of the country. JAMES J. NEWHARDr»fe, Jewelry and Silverware, 22 North Ninth St. At the handsome and attractive Jewelry establishment of Mr. James J. Newhard, located at No. 22 North Ninth street, may be found displayed, with elegant taste, a full and varied assortment of Jewelry of all descriptions, an as sortment which in extent is superior to that found in many places claiming more pretensions than flourishing and busy Lebanon. Besides this large array of Jewelry, may be found a splendid stock of fine Gold and Silver Watches, Clocks, Solid and Plated Table Ware, Spectacles, etc., all of which cm be supplied to purchasers at city prices. The establishment was started by the present, proprietor in 1868, upon small capital, but by energy, fair dealing and close attention, the business increased steadily, until it now ranks first of its kind in the town. ~ • ... Mr. Newhard is a native of Allentown, Lehigh county, but has resided in Lebanon since 1858. During his resi dence here, he has acquired a reputation as a citizen which reflects honor upon him personally, and, as aitousiness man, he is looked upon as being thoroughly practical and decidedly energetic. He is at present a member of the Repub lican State Central Committee, a position to which he was choseu by his fellow Republicans on account of his well-known ability to aid in conducting a successful canvass, and his unimpeachable reputation. He is a practical Watchmaker and Jeweler, fully acquainted with every branch of the business, a gentleman of pleasing manners and fine address, making friends easily, and possessing the esteem of all who know him. FIRST NATIONAL "BK^TS.- Cumberland St. Originally organized and incorporated 22d of Mav, 1856, under the State laws of Pennsylvania, it became a National Bank January 18th, 1864, under the National Bank act, with a capital of $50,000, and from that time has pursued a career of unbroken prosperity, and has always exerted an active influence upon the financial condition of this community. The President, Mr. Horace Brock, is prominently connected with the extensive iron interests of this borough; and the Cashier, Mr. J. W. Mesh, is also a director of the Lebanon Dime Savings Bank. Of the Directors, we find the names of Hon. Simon Cameron, of Harrisburg, George Smuller and James Young, Esqrs., of Middletown, and George Gleini, Esq., of Lebanon. A general banking business is conducted in loans, discounts and deposits, collections made and ex changes effected, and its extensive business demonstrates the confidence with which it is regarded by the public at large. i 108 INTJUSTBDES OP PENNSYLVANIA. EAGLE HOTEL,-(/. F. Siegrist Proprietor, Ninth and Cumberland Sts., Lebanon. This old and well-known Hotel is the resort of all lovers of good cheer. It is a large and commodious brick building three stories in height, having a frontage on Cumberland street of 120 feet, by 66 feet on Ninth street, having ample ac commodations for 125 guests. The house contains 50 chambers, all handsomely and comfortably furnished. The up stair rooms are under the immediate supervision of Mrs. Siegrist, the estimable wife of the genial proprietor, and it is heedless to sav that the beds and rooms, for cleanliness and neatness, are unsurpassed by any in the State. About 20 hands are employed in the house, and all understand their business perfectly. Their weekly pay-roll foots up about $45 to $50. The present proprietor, son of the former host, is a native of Lebanon, where he is well known. He is young, energetic, courteous and obliging, and has made the Eagle the best and only first-class Hotel m the borough. The table is well and bountif ullv supplied with not only the necessaries, but also the luxuries, and the weary and hun gry traveler may be sure of always meeting with a hearty welcome, a good meal, and comfortable bed at the Eagle at very moderate rates : special rates and inducements to commercial men, who will find elegant sample rooms at their disposal. Give Mr. Siegrist a trial, and you will never stop at any other house when sojourning at Lebanon. It is most centrally located, and all points can be readily reached from its doors. Attached to the Hotel is a bar, supplied with the choicest liquors and cigars. ___ C. PENROSE SHERK,— General Foundry Business; WHOLESALE AND RETAIL COAL DEALER, Seventh St., near Willow. Prominent among those industries which add to the general welfare of this busy community is the establishment of Mr. C. Penrose Sherk. It was established about the year 1850 by Major & Bro., and, after a number of changes, in 1870 it passed into the hands of Seidel & Sherk, who, in 1872, were succeeded by Sherk, Seidel & Raber, who continued the business until 1S79, when the present proprietor assumed the control of its affairs. The grounds cover an area of about one and a quarter acres, and are occupied by two buildings : the first is the Foundry, in which is conducted the principal operations ; here all maimer of Castings are made, a specialty being Bells for churches, schools, factories and farm purposes, and also Castings for agricultural implements, farm mills, cellar grates, plow castings, troughs and mill gearing. The power for the works is furnished by a 12-horse engine, supplied from a 80-horse power boiler. The other building is the warehouse, and is used for storing finished stock. The trade is not confined to any particular locality, but extends throughout Pennsylvania, Maryland, Iowa, Illinois, and other States. In connection with the Foundry business is a wholesale and retail Coal yard, which is also doing a flourishing business. Mr. Sherk is a native of Lebanon county — born in Bethel township, but has resided in the borough nearly all his life. He is one of those who, by their enterprise, add to the general thrift and prosperity of the place. A« T. COPENHA VER,— Manufacturer of Reed Organs, Jonestown, Lebanon Co. For the last 10 years the above gentleman has been engaged in selling, and for three years manufacturing Organs of a superior quality, both for church and parlor use. Mr. Copenhaver has the proud satisfaction of knowing that he has sold more Organs in Lebanon county than any other man, be he agent or manufacturer. He is a young man, and is very quick to perceive any improvements that can be made, and is constantly adding something new, either in the outside casing, or new designs in ornamentation. .He prefers selling a large number of Organs at a small profit, rather than a few at exorbitant rates, as some weil-knowu makers do, by sending out price lists just double their selling price, and, of course, the honest farmer is gulled by the oily-tongued salesman, when he makes a large discount and is told not to say anything to his neighbors about how' cheap he bought his instrument, etc., and after a very-short time he finds that his brother-in-law, a short distance away, has bought a finer-toned and better-made instrument from Mr. Copen haver, at about one-half the price he paid, and discovers, when too late, that men betray. Mr. Copenhaver has, we think, reached the acme of excellence and the ne plus ultra of Organ manufacture, and to quote his own words, "Whilst I. pay," says he, " due attention to outward appearances, I ever bear in mind that the tone is the all-important requi site. If this, the life, the soul of the organ, be deficient, the instrument is of little worth, however fair the exterior. I'do not beautify the case at the expense of the tone, nor send out Organs whose notes are as ' sounding brass ' or a 1 tinkling cymbal.' " ' The touch is quick and responsive, and his instruments are well adapted to all classes of music, sacred or secular, grave or gay. He sells at a very small profit, preferring a "nimble sixpence" to the "slow shilling." ¦ Those wishing to purchase will save money by addressing Mr. Copenhaver, Jonestown, Lebanon county, Pennsylvania. Lebanon Valley Daily Times — Morning Daily; C. M. Bowman, Ed. and Prop'r. This is one of the most popular newspapers in the county, and the only morning daily in Lebanon borough. It was established by C. M. Bowman February 14, 1876, contains 24 columns, and exhibits marked ability and enterprise in every department. It is sprightly, briglit and newsy. Politically it is Republican, and its items are principally confined to local, matters, yet it does not neglect the important affairs that are taking place in every quarter of the globe, the latest news by telegraph being one of the important features. As an advertising medium, it is the best in the valley, as it reaches all classes of the community. Connected with the office is a Job Printing department, in which all kinds of work is executed with neatness and promptness. Lebanon Valley Standard: A weekly newspaper, also established by Mr. C. M. Bowman, containing 36 columns, and has gained public appro bation on account of its excellent selection of news and choice reading matter. It is wide-awake, spirited and popular, and a great favorite among readers and advertisers, who liberally patronize it. In politics it is Republican. Lebanon Courier — Weekly. Is the oldest Lebanon paper published fn the English language, was established in 1836, and came under the man agement of Mr. T. T. North in 1844, who associated with him, in 1856, Mr. Job Reinoehl. It contains 36 columns, and is Republican in politics. Lebanon Daily News — Afternoon Daily. Was founded September 8, 1872, by Smith & Bro., and in 1874 came under the control of Messrs. Reinhard & Sharp. Lebanon Advertiser — 1/ Is the only Democratic newspaper in Lebanon county, and was established 29 years ago by Mr. William M Breslin who still conducts it. ' Der Pennsylvanier — Weekly. j A German weekly of many years' standing, and a great favorite with that class of the community. Lebanon Review— Weekly, was founded m 1876 by otto Eictmoiz. Wahrer Demokrat — Weekly. 4 German newspaper, is the oldest in Lebanon county, and was founded in 1814. — . - LEBANON, CITY OF LANCASTER. "vazm HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW-INDUSTRIES, , INSTITUTIONS, MANUFACTURING, Ac, &c. The capital of Lancaster County is situated on the Conestoga River, GO miles due west from Philadelphia, and 34 miles southeast from Harrisburg. Originally settled in 1718, it was known as Hickory Town for many years. Lancaster County was organized in 1729. In the following year the seat of justice was removed from Conestoga, and Hicktfry Town was laid out as a town and re-chris tened Lancaster. In 1742 it was chartered as a borough, and in 1818 was erected into a city. It was at the borough1 of Lancaster that the citizens of Lancaster and neighboring counties met in con vention July 4, 1776. These citizens were " the officers and privates of fifty-three battalions of the associations of the colony of Pennsylvania," and their object to " choose two brigadier generals to command the battalions and forces of Pennsylvania." Subsequently large barracks were built for the accommodation of the Hessian prisoners captured at Trenton and elsewhere. Congress convened here for several days in July, 1777. During the period from 1799 to 1812 it was the capital of the State, and from 1750 to 1825 it was the largest and most prosperous inland town in the State. The exceedingly rich, well-cultivated and thickly-populated agricultural region surrounding Lan caster renders it one of the most interesting and important places in the State, and an active mercantile as well as manufacturing centre. The city is regularly laid out, lighted by gas, and supplied with water pumped from the Conestoga ; the streets cross each other at right angles, the two principal ones — King and Queen — intersecting in a large public square called G=ntre Square. This is now adorned by the Lancaster County Soldiers' Monument, a beautiful cenotaph of New Hampshire granite to the; memory of the men of the county who fell during the civil war. Its total height is 60 feet. Its cost' was 123,000, and it was consecrated on the 4th of July, 1874. (Vide page 56 for illustration.) The city is substantially constructed, in great part, of brick, a large proportion of the buildings erected within the last few years being spacious and handsome. Prominent among the public buildings are the court-house, an impressive structure in the Grecian style, 160 by 70 feet in dimensions, and two stories high, surmounted by a dome; the boys' and girls' high school; Franklin and Marshall Col lege established in 1853 by the consolidation'of Franklin High School with Marshall College, removed from Mercersburg; Fulton Hall, a commodious and elegant building — on the site of the old jail where the Conestoga Indians were murdered in 17C3 by the Paxton boys — devoted to concerts, the drama public assemblages, &c. ; the County prison, built of red sandstone in the castellated manner, conducted on the solitary labor-plan ; and Saint Joseph's Hospital, a handsome institution owned by the . Catholics. The educational system is excellent, the public schools, inclusive of the high school, being graded. Franklin and Marshall College, which provides a preparatory as well as collegiate course, is under the management of the German Reformed Church, and has a Theological Seminary with a, separate endowment of $80,000. The city has five libraries exclusive of those attached to the college and seminary above-mentioned, with 20,000 volumes ; the Mechanics', the Athenaeum, the Law Library Association, the Lancaster, and the Young Men's Christian Association, with an aggregate collection of about 20,000 volumes. "It has also several scientific societies, conspicuous among which is the Lin- nsean Society of Natural History, founded through the instrumentality of Professor S. S. Rathvon- The city has twenty-six churches of the Lutheran, Methodist, Roman Catholic, German Reformed, Episcopalian, Baptist, Presbyterian, Moravian, Mennonite and Jewish orders ; three daily and seven weekly newspapers, together with seven monthly periodicals. A competent authority pronounces the 110 CITY OP LANCASTER. bar " one of the ablest in the State." The city is divided into nine wards, the administration of mu nicipal affairs being vested in a mayor, a select council composed of one member from each ward, and a common council of three from each ward. In connection with other improvements, the water-works are noticeable, and an effort is being made to meet the demand for a still greater supply. Water is raised by machinery from the Conestoga River into two large reservoirs, at the eastern extremity of Orange and King Streets, with a, capacity of 7,000,000 gallons, and is conveyed thence through under ground mains and pipes to all parts of the city. From its settlement to the prensent time, Lancaster has always been one of the most active and important commercial places in the State. The centre of an unusually fertile country bristling with farmers of substance and wealth, whose wheat crops especially are always at a premium, the mercan tile interests of the city are constantly at the flood. Its tobacco trade alone is enormous, new facilities for which have been quite recently provided in the shape of large warehouses. Its many extensive and well-stocked stores are a marked and attractive feature, while its ten banks and numerous hotels are excellently well managed. Prominent among its industries are six cotton mills that give employ ment to upwards of 2,000 operatives; a watch-factory with 50 employes; several breweries, tanneries and potteries ; a rolling mill and stereotype foundry ; manufactures of locomotives, engines and boilers, of iron castings, bolts, agricultural implements, carriages, copper-ware, furniture, cabinet-organs, combs, paper, hats, leather, rifles, edge-tools, files, screws, soap, chains, axles, locks, &c. Immense quantities of coal and lumber annually find their way here, and form a heavy and prosperous item of business. Woodward Cemetery — one of six — is a beautiful and picturesque spot in the south part of the city in a bend of the Conestoga. Three railroads enter the city — the Pennsylvania Central, the Reading Branch of the Reading and Columbia, and a narrow guage road from Quarryville. The population is now upwards of 30,000, and the property valuation in 1873 was nearly $5,000,000. We herewith give our readers and the business community brief sketches of the prominent mer cantile and manufacturing enterprises of the City of Lancaster. These will be found interesting as an indication of its commercial growth in the last quarter of a century, and may also serve to showd the completeness of the market at this pint for the supply of everything demanded by its citizens and the inhabitants of the surrounding country. LEWIS HALDY- Marble, Brown Stone & Granite Yard, N. Queen St., adjoining Flinn & Breneman's Store. The leading establishment handling and working marble in Lancaster, is that of Mr. Lewis Huldy, whose office and yard is located on N. Queen Street, adjoining Flinri & Breneman's Store. He con structs store-fronts, houses, and all kinds of buildings of marble, brown stone, Ohio and sand stone, and does stone work of every description, plain and ornamental, for houses ; also tiling and cemetery work, and keeps a large and varied assortment of monuments, tombstones, tablets, etc. This estab lishment is the most extensive and complete in the city, and has a wide reputation for the excellence of the many elegant specimens of handiwork turned out. The business was inaugurated in 1849, and has been increasing year by year. The yard contains an area of 10,000 square feet, and a large and commodious building for indoor work in carving and stone-cutting. An extensive stock of brown stone, blue and white marble, granite, and other choice varieties, are always on hand. The yard pre sents a busy scene, as Mr. Haldy always has large contracts for a variety of work. To indicate his standing, and the high character of his mechanical skill, we may mention that he numbers among his patrons the most substantial and wealthy merchants, bankers and business men of Lancaster. The motto, of Mr. Huldy is — best workmanship, material and setting — and his present thriving prosperity is the best evidence of his success. EUREKA BARK MILL CO.-Mfrs. of Bark Mills and Corn &Cob Mills, No. 333 East Fulton Street. The achievements of American inventive genius are already recognized in every section of the civil ized globe, and since the primitive styles adopted by our forefathers for grinding bark, many improve ments have been introduced, but none more worthy the consideration of tanners than the Eureka Bark Mill, invented and patented by Mr. Frederick Stamm, of Lancaster, a gentleman who has had many years experience in the tanning business and is thoroughly conversant with all its requirements. Letters patent on the improvements made by him were granted in 1871, and, shortly afterwards, he, in connection with Mr. John Best, of the well-known Best Engine and Boilek Works, com menced the manufacture of these mills, and since that time the demand has steadity increased until/ they are now turning out several hundred per annum, which meet with a ready sale in all sections of the Union. Among the advantages claimed.for the Eureka Bark Mills are rapid and uniform grinding on wet and dry bark, greatest amount of work with a given power and without repairs, simplicity of construction, and absolute impossibility of displacement of parts. These in connection with accuracy of movement and perfection of work performed, render the Eureka the most satisfactory mill ever used by ja"ne£?- ^nis Drm a's0 manufacture a power pressure leather roller which is highly commended, and the Eureka Corn and Cob Mill, for preparing corn in the ear for burrs. Illustrated descriptive catalogues of the machinery manufactured by this firm will be forwarded to any interested party upon application. These mills are already in use in all sections of the United States, and their popularity is steadily increasing. Mr. Frederick Stamm is a native of Lancaster, and was born in 1832. He has always resided m the county, and, previous to engaging in his present line of business, was in terested in the tannery business and in the manufacture of doors, sash and blinds. CITY OF LANCASTER. Ill R. K. SCHNADER- Manufacturer of Cigars, Nos. 10 and 12 E. Chestnut St. Among the prominent houses in Lancaster that are engaged in the manufacture of cigars, that of Mr. R. K. Schnader, located at Nos. 10 and 12 E. Chestnut Street, deserves especial mention. This house was established in 1868, and the manufacture embraces both high grade Havanas and Connec ticut Cigars, as well as those of a common grade. The cigars manufactured here are sold throughout the United States. Mr. Schnader employs some thirty or more hands, and manufactures an average of 50,009 cigars per w;eek. He has also a large warehouse on Grant Street, between W. King and Orange Streets, wliere the reswearing and various manipulations of the leaf tobacco is carried on, previous to its being raanufa3tured into his tine grade cigars. One of the chief elements of his success consists in his judgment in buying leaf, his long experience enabling him to forma correct judgment at a glance. Houses of the high standing and prosperity which this representative one has achieved are of incal culable benefit tQ Lancaster, as they give employment to many persons, and add' largely to the pros perity of the city. GORRECHT, REILLV & KEULER-Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Coal, Harrisburg Avenue, near Mulberry Street. This firm was established in 1878, and are well and favoiably known to the citizens of this county. The yard, located in the north-western part of the city, con tains a large stock of well screened Red and White ash coal lor family use, ample shedding is provided and every care is taken to furnish only first-class article of full weight. Their shipping facilities are unsurpassed, the track of the Pennsylvania and the Reading Railroads passes through their yard, giving the firm a decided advantage in the loading and unloading of cars. All sizes of Anthracite and Bituminous coal are dealt in, the sales reaching about 10,000 tons per annum. They furnish the Lancaster Gas Co. with their supplies of coal, and deliver considerable to the cotton mill, besides having a large family trade. For accommodation of those living in the centre of the city, an office is centrally located at 20} Chestnut Street, in charge of Mr. M. B. Kauffman, the book-keeper, where orders can be left, and which is connected with the yard by telephone. _ Mr. 1 . Gorrecht was born in Lancaster county, is forty-four years of age, and has a life-long experience in this business. Mr. James B. Rcilly was born in New York state, and has resided in Lancaster for manv years; he is twenty-three years of age, and is an active and enterprising business man. Mr. W. A. Keller, who is twenty-one years of age, is a native of Lancaster, and although a young man has had a practical business experience. The firm occupy a prominent position, and have won the esteem of all with whom they have had dealings by their fair and honorable business course. ^^ FREDERICK ENGLE-W- of Pure Mineral Waters, 142 S. Queen St. This business was originated a number of years ago by Mr. John Casper, and was taken hold of by Mr. Engle, April 1st, 1879. Since entering his hands, by paying strict attention to business, and bottling only the very best of everything in his line, he has secured a large share of the custom through the city and county. He has every facility for transacting his busmess with rapidity and dispatch, including machines for bottling and for washing bottles. He is a native of Lancaster city and when the rebellion broke out, enlisting in the 10th P. V., for three months, and afterwards re-enl.sting in the 79th regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, which was connected with the Army of the Cumberland, and was honorably discharged with the rank of Sergeant. SHER SMITR-Cigars and Tobacco, No. 141 North Queen St. One of the most enterprising cigar and tobacco establishments in Lancaster, is that of Sher bnntri, whose business was established in July 1st. 1879. The manufacture consists of hne grade Havana and Connecticut cigars. The eminent success of Mr. Smith is due in a great measure to the ability displayed by him, and to the excellence of his judgment in buying leaf, his long experience enabling him to form a correct judgment at a glance. He employs four hands and disposes in his store the principal part of the cigars manufactured by him. He also keeps a full line ot everything that can be used by smokers, and everything of the best quality. Mr. Smith is well known in Lancaster, and his business is now an established success. . PENN IRON CO., IMbSITED— Manufacturers of Bar Iron, Bolts, Nuts, dc. **«¦"•" ***wm ¦ww., — j Plum Street and Penna R. R. One of the most extensive establishments engaged in the great iron interests for which this section of the Keystone State has become noted, is the works operated by the Penn Iron Company (limited) which were erected for, and originally occupied by the Lancaster Locomotive Works. They subse quently passed into the hands of a corporation known as the Lancaster Manufacturing Company, and were operated as Rolling Mills, and were afterwards occupied for a period of about three months, by Mr. W. H. Roberts. On the 1st of September, 1879, the present company assumed the management of the works, and after extensive alterations and improvements, commenced the manufacture of Merchant Bar Iron, Railway supplies, Bolts, Nuts, Car Forgings, &c. The premises occupied by this company cover an area of about eleven acres, upon which are erected six large and commodious brick buildings, and numerous smaller structures used for storage, and a variety of other purposes. The main buildings are fitted up and used for. the following purposes : puddling mil , rolling mill, machine shop, blacksmith shop, bolt and nut department, and cooper shop. Each of these structures is thoroughly equipped with the latest and most approved machinery, and appliances for successfully and expeditiously conducting the business in all its various departments. The motive power for the machinery is furnished by five steam engines, aggregating about five hundred horse power and fourteen boilers. The bolt and spike machinery is of the latest improved style, and the three train of rolls are respectively, sixteen inch, nine inch and eight inches. The average valuation of stock and material carried by this company is about $70,000, and the annual business will aggregate from half a million^ to, eight hundred thousand dollars. When running full force from 265 to 300 men are ilMlllllililil !§§ll§NPil||§||ill employed, many of whom are skilled artisans, and the weekly pay roll amounts to from $2,.>00 to $3000 A side track of the Pennsylvania Rail Road Co., runs directly into the grounds, thus facilitating the receipt of fuel and material, as well as the shipment of their products to all • sections of the country. Their trade at present is derived principally from Philadelphia, New York, .Balti more, Wilmington, Delaware, and the Lehigh Valley, and the capacity of the works is about 15,000 tons per annum. Mr. A. J. Steinman, the president of the company, is a native of Lancaster, and a prominent member of the bar. He is also one- of the editors and proprietors of the Lancaster Intelhr qeneer, and as a public-s-iirited citizen, and enterprising business man, has done much towards the development and improvement of his native city. Mr. W. G. Mendenhall, Secretary and Treasurer, is a native of Wilmington, Del., and has been prominently identified with the iron interests in that city for sixteen years previous to his removal to this city, in Sept. 1879, to engage in the enterprise which now occupies his attention. Mr. Wm. B. Middleton, the general superintendent of the>orks, is a native of Philadelphia, and has been engaged in the present line of business for the past fourteen years, and has resided in Lancaster since Sept. 1879. Familiar with the constitution, manufacture and capabilities of iron, in all its forms, from the crude ore to the finished plate, and with the peculiarities of the machinery required in its transformation, her is eminently qualified for the responsible position for which he has been selected, and the company are to be congratulated upon securing his valuable services in the capacity of general superintendent. 112 CITY OE LANCASTER. 113 COHO & WTLEY.-Coald Lumber, No. 330 Water St., Branch Office, 3 N. Duke St. Among the leading firms in Lancaster, engaged in " Lumber and Coal," worthy of special men tion, is that of Coho & Wiley,, whose yards are located in the northwestern section of the city, on the line of the Reading and Pennsylvania Railroads. Sidings from botli Roads run through the yards, and ample shedding is provided for the protection of coal. Upwards of $15,000 worth of stock is kept on hand, and the firm transact a large business, in city and county. They deal in all kinds of build ing lumber, yellow and white pine, and oak, hickory, ash, walnut and maple, planed and sawed ; fencing, flooring, pickets, etc. The coal, which constitutes a special branch, is of the best quality, care fully screened, and kept under cover, and full weight is always given. An office, centrally located at No. 3 Duke Street, and connected by telephone with the main office, thus insuring quick delivery of all orders. The present firm was organized September, 1879. Mr. Coho was born in Pottsville, Dec. 3d, 1830, where he first commenced business in 1865. He then engaged in the flour and feed business, and afterwards removed to Manheim, Lancaster County, 1867, then to Lancaster City, 1871, and engaged in the lumber nnd coal trade, as a member of the firm of Coho & Martin, until 1874, when the firm dissolved, and Mr. Coho conducted it himself until 1879, when the present firm was formed. At the outbreak of the rebellion he enlisted in 129th Pennsylvania Volunteers as 1st Lieutenant. He re-enlisted as 1st Lieutenant, and was promoted to captaincy of the 21st Pennsylvania Cavalry. Was also a clerk in the Pottsville post-office for some time. Mr. Thomas C. Wiley was born in Lancaster in 1857, is a young and energetic business man. Mr. Dawson Micheal is the book-keeper of the firm. -M. S. Cadwell, Propr., 134 to 140 Locust St. CONESTOGA CORK WORKS. As adding still further evidence to that already adduced in other por tions of this volume relative to the extent and variety of the industrial and manufacturing interests of the city of Lancaster, it may be stated that the Conestoga Cork Works, lo cated at Nos. 134 to 140 Locust Street, are, with one single' exception, .the most extensive works of the kind in the United States. The fact that an establishment in an interior city can successfully compete with similar ones on the Seaboard, in an article, which must be shipped in its raw state by rail from eastern ports, manu factured and redistributed through all sections of the Union, and even to foreign lands, speaks volumes in praise of the enterprise and execu tive ability manifested by one of Lan caster's most important industrial establishments. The works were founded in this city, upon a comparatively moderate scale, by Mr. Jay Cadwell in 1860. After his decease, wliich occurred in 1874, the management passed into the hands of the present proprietor, and the business has steadily increased, until the house ranks second in size and extent in the United States, and the quality of its products for uniformity and excellence, take the precedence over all competitors. The building occupied by these works covers an area of 65 by 110 feet, and four entire floors are devoted to the business, and equipped with the finest and most perfect machinery in use for this special purpose. The machinery and products of these works were awarded the first premium at the Centennial Exhibtion in Philadelphia in 1876. The '' fine exhibit of manufactured corks arranged in grades and classified, showing great variety and excellent work manship," elicited the special commendation of the judges. Mr. Joel S. Eaby is general superintendent of the works, which are subdivided into two departments, cutting and assorting, each under the immediate supervi-ion of competent foremen. The process of manufacturing is an interesting one, and from sixty to seventy hands are regularly employed at an expense of from $275 to $325 per week. The material is all imported, and every particle of waste is utilized. Some is manufactured into kindling , wood, some into cork shavings for mattresses, while a portion is ground and used for packing grapes and fruit, and also for the manufacture of Linoleum for carpets. The products of these works are shipped to all portions of the United States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts, and to Spain, France, Germany and other European countries, and to Egypt. The motive power for the machinery employed, is furnished by one ten-horse power engine, and one twenty-horse power boiler. Mr. Eaby, the accomplished superintendent of the works, is a gentleman of experience and ability, thoroughly conversant with all the details of the business. Mr. Amos D. Ailes has charge of the book-keeping and office department, while Mrs. M. S. Cadwell manages the financial affairs and general business with marked executive ability and success. As an institution adding largely to the fame of the city as a manufacturing centre, the Conestoga Cork Works is justly entitled to prominent consideration in this review of the mercantile and manufacturing resources of Lancaster County..: 114 CITY OF LANCASTER. ESCHOLL NURSERIES-G. W. Schroyer, Proprietor, 641 Harrisburgh Avenue, Near Franklin and Marshall College. To the florist the citizens of Lancaster and vicinity are indebted in a great measure for the development of their taste in floriculture, and probably to no one, more so than Mr. G. W. Schroyer, who has been engaged in this business for the past seventeen years, and is well known as one of the most accomplished and successful florists in the county. His conservatory,which embraces some twelve to fifteen thousand feet of glass, comprises finely arranged greenhouses devoted to the propagating and growing of Roses, Heliotropes, and miscellaneous plants and flowers for bedding and other purposes. He is competent, and at all times prepared to fill all orders for Boquets, Baskets, Pyramids, Festoons, Decora tions, Crosses, Anchors, Wreaths and Funeral Designs, of any kind. In roses, the stock is exceptionally fine) and embraces an almost endless variety. Geraniums, of which he has a very fine collection, many of which are direct importation, and in the cultivation of which he is eminently successful. Be side dealing in cut-~flowers and bedding-plants, Mr. Schroyer pays particular attention to the propaga tion of vegetable plants, such as tomatoes, cabbage and kindred plants. He was the first to cul tivate this variety of plants in pots, and his success in this direction was so apparent, that it is almost universally adopted by nurserymen. He also giyes much attention to raising of fruit, and the Bartlett Pears produced by him are considered " Par Excellent." The Greenhouses are constructed on scientific principles, with all the approved appliances for heating and ventilation perfect. A num ber of skilled florists and gardeners are employed, and an extensive business conducted in the city and county, and also in sending cut flowers, etc., to other cities. So well are his efforts appreciated, that he was called upon to furnish all floral designs for Gov. Hoyt's inauguration. He is ably assisted \ by ins son, Henry A. Schroyer, who attends to the cut flower department. Mr. G.W. Schroyer was born in Union county, in 1818, and established his present lucrative business in 1863, of which he is thcrouehlv proficient in every detail. C. A. LOCHER-0n^ and Chemical Store, No. 9 East King St. One of the most thoroughly reliable drug and prescription stores in the city of Lancaster is that of VocnY fi ' W chwas e?tablished nearly half a century ago by James Smith, who was succeeded in 1869 by the present proprietor. The store is 14x40 feet in dimensions, and stocked with pure drugs, chemicals, _perfumery,_ toilet articles, proprietary medicines, etc. He makes a specialty of compound- ing physicians prescriptions and family recipes in the most careful and accurate manner, and is pro-' prietor of Lecher's Renowned Cough Syrup, an invaluable family remedy, highly endorsed by the medical fraternity, and of Locher's celebrated Horse and Cattle Powders. Mr? Locher was born in in fn F^heTnT/;^ ' ^ ™mAei !n Lancast<* since .1855, and was a student of chemistry T ancasfer cZ \Tw R™£ Tlf P G ""T^ t?^3- Fr0m 1857 t0 18C7 he ™8 a d«t ™ *e Lancaster County Bank . The German, French and English languages are spoken at his establish ment. Kudy s Pile Suppository is a sovereign remedy for PILES (Bleeding, Itching, Blind Inward etc.), whether of recent or long standing. It gives -instant relief, and effects a radical and permTnent cure. >o surgical operation required. Try it and relieve your sufferings. Send for circular Only 50 cents a box. Sent by mail on receipt of price. ww««u. wuiy CITY OF LANCASTER. 115 PHARES W. THY— Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Wall Paper and Window Shades, No. 67 North Queen Street. One of the most extensive dealers in Wall Papers and Window Shades in Lancaster is Mr. Phares W. Fry, located at No. 57 North Queen Street, and no one, whether in the trade or not, will regret visiting his place, either as a purchaser or to see his facilities for supplying orders large or small. He began the Wall Paper and Window Shade business in 1872 at No. 63 North Queen Street, and moved to his present location in January, 1880. He is a native of the county, and has lived in Lan caster since 1865. When the war broke out, Mr. Fry responded to the call for troops, and enlisted for three months. When his term of service expired, he re-enlisted in the 195th Pennsylvania Volunteers, which were connected with the Army of the Potomac. In his stock he has all the latest styles in patterns, &c, and has a number of competent and skilled paper-hangers employed, so that he can guarantee satisfaction. In selecting\goods for his stock, he is particularly successful, possessing that accurate judgment which it is requisite for every buyer for a large house to possess, and recognizing that more is dependent upon skillful buying in building up a successful business, than in the selling, as "goods well bought will sell themselves." Mr. Fry is a thoroughly practical man, and all orders are executed under his personal supervision. A B. SOEATFEEL-Distiller of Pure Rye Whiskey, 148 N. Queen St. One of the important industries of Lancaster County is the distillation of pure Whiskies, and Mr. A. B. Sheaffer, Proprietor of the Wholesale Liquor Store at No. 148 North Queen Street, and of the celebrated Litiz Distillery, formerly conducted by Mr. D. D. Burkholder, has been engaged in this branch of business for a number of years at different locations. He opened his present establishment on North Queen Street, in May, 1879. He carries at this place a stock valued at $3,500 to $5,000, con sisting of a full line of imported Wines, Brandies, Gins and Liquors, and the leading brands of Pure Old Whiskies, making a specialty of the celebrated Kreiter Whiskey, distilled in 1868. The distillery at Litiz has a capacity of about one thousand barrels per annum, and the stock now carried there and in bond, amounts to between two and three hundred barrels.* His annual sales will aggregate from $30,000 to $40,000. His trade extends throughout Lancaster, Chester, Berks and adjoining counties, with occasional shipments to the States of Delaware and Maryland. Mr. Sheaffer is a native of Berks County, and was born in 1836. He has resided in Lancaster for the past three years, and been actively engaged in mercantile pursuits. Integrity and strict business principles have characterized all the transactions of this house. J. A. WESTHAEFFER.— Successor to J. M. Westhaeffer, Books, Stationery, &c. No. 63 North Queen Street. The elegant book and stationery store of Mr. J. A. Westhaeffer, is justly entitled to rank among the first houses in this line of business in Lancaster. Nothing is produced in the line of stationery, foreign or domestic, plain Or fancy, that cannot be obtained here, and that, too, at the most reasonable prices. This business was organized by Mr. J. M. Westhaeffer, father of the present proprietor, in April, 1856. Mr. J. A. Westhaeffer was brought up to the business under the practical supervision of his father, and having devoted nearly all of his life to the business, is thoroughly familiar with its details in every branch. His thorough knowledge of the book business, and uniform courtesy in dealing with his patrons and others, has made his house one of the most popular in the city. His catalogue of books embraces works treating on nearly every subject in literature. In addition to the complete stock of books, he also has a general stock, comprising a full and complete line of staple and fancy stationery, photograph and autograph albums, gold pens, pocket-books, cigar cases, card cases, diaries, &c, while hi3 trade in tlie principal periodicals of the day is very large. His business in every branch is very extensive, with a daily perceptible increase, and compares well with that of the largest stationers in the city. His sales-room is one of the neatest in the city, and is a favorite resort of the book-buyers of the place. FRED. VOLLMER'S— House Furniture Ware-rooms, No. 309 N. Queen St. The furniture business, in one particular, is entirely different from any other within the scope of artisan skill, and that is, that the buyer has to depend almost entirely on the representation of the, seller, and it is to reliable workmanship and fair dealing that this house^owes its suc cess and reputation. The building is three stories in height, and has a front of about 25 feet, with a handsome plate glass show window, and some of the best furniture to be found in Lancaster is displayed in the ware-rooms. The first floor of the building is used as a sales-room, office and ware-room, and this floor and the upper stories are filled with various styles of furniture, consisting of parlor suits, walnut and cottage suits, chairs, tables, sofas, picture frames, &c. The warehouse is very convenient throughout, and has been perfectly adapted to all wants. by improvements, which experience in the business has suggested as necessary. A great part of his trade is custom, or ordered work, which is always produced in the highest style of the art, and has rendered the name of "Vollmer" as familiar as household words. Mr. Vollmer employs only competent hands, all of whom are under his immediate supervision. He is a native of Lancaster Co., and has resided in Lancaster City since 1866. 116 CITY OF LANCASTER. H. BAUMGARDNER & CO.-Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Coal. Offices : 345 North Prince street, and 7 North Queen street. The name of Baumgardner has been closely connected with the coal interests of Lancaster since 1840. Their yard is at No. 345 N. Prince street, where one of their local offices is located ; the other office being in the "Examiner" building, No. 7 N. Queen street. These offices are connected by telephone, as well as the shipping point of the, firm at the Reading Railroad depot. In addition to dealing in coal largely at wholesale and retail in Lancaster city and county, they are extensive miners and shippers of coal from the Shamokin valley, and are also interested in the Enterprise and Franklin mines. This coal they ship in large quantities to the Eastern states, having offices to better control their trade in this direction at No. 311 Walnut street, Philadelphia, and in the Trinity Building, New York city. Mr. Thomas Baumgardner was the first shipper of anthracite coal to Boston from Shamokin, shipping it by canal and river to Delaware city, and from thence by vessel. As an instance of the enterprising character of this firm, it is only necessary to state that they in connection with five prominent citizens of the place built the gas works which supply the city of Lancaster with light at their own expense some two or three years ago, and are now the largest owners of the stock of the company. They have laid some eighteen miles of pipes, and the gas, wliich is generated from water and naphtha, is exceedingly clear and brilliant, and much cheaper than coal gas. The members of the firm are Henry and Thomas Baumgai dner, brothers, and John H. Baumgardner, the son of Thomas. They are natives of Lancaster, and evince much pride and spirit in the prosperity of their native city. They are held in high estimation by their fellow-citizens, and both Mr. Henry Baumgardner and Mr. John H. Baumgardner have held positions of trust in the Councils of the city. Mr. Thomas Baumgardner, preferring to devote him. self exclusively to the conduct of the business, has always declined holding office of any character. COLUMBUS PIKE AND COLLEGE AVENUE. W. KING. LAt?!CASTERiWATCH COMPANY, (Limited.) „.,„• ,1 clalmed: and with a justifiable pride, " that it is in her Lancaster Watch that Pennsyl vania puts the crown to her varied manufactures," and the residents of this ancient and interesting fi,/;™ -6VeiT r6f °n Foigratulation upon the energy and enterprise displayed in the erection, of n ?™H™3 k-r !"V ™w°' wh«* aPPears at the head of this sketch, and of the undaunted deter- £X «£n1fi«rl * ¦ K W b.y those who in the face of discouraging circumstances, have substan- hnnLef w I fift I'-n"? V nlU.m8te snccess> and Hnder whose judicious management about one S^! t ? CUT"^ artisans find remunerative employment, and aid in spreading ™s iternZ 1- r^f va- the C.ity from which emanates the best watch made on American soil andftr^^rTfirTm™ lta,",eePt«>n abo«t seven years ago, was originally known as the Adams PenmvhLil cock and Thomas are also proprietors of the Matilda Furnaces, in Mifflin County. EDWARD J. ZAHM.- Jeweler, " Zahm' s' Corner," N. Queen St.,& Centre Square. In 1854, Messrs. H. L. and E. J. Zahm commenced business at this location, which they carried on with gratifying success until 1870, when Mr. E. J. Zahm became sole proprietor. The first floor, which is 18 by 30 feet in dimensions, is fitted up in an elegant and tasteful manner, and is stocked with a varied and beautiful assortment of fine American and imported watches, clocks, jewelry, spectacles, etc. He also occupies two rooms in the upper portion of the building, one for the storage and display of clocks, and one as the manufactory and repairing department, where a number of experienced watch' repairers and manufacturing jewelers are employed. He manufactures fine jewelry of all kinds from his own designs, and also every description of society pins, badges and sets to order in the most elegant style. Mr. Zahm is a native of Lancaster county, and was born in 1831, and is the inventor and patentee of the screw regulator for watches, having manufactured the first regulator of this kind ever used in a watch. He was elected to the city council, but after serving for six months in that capacity resigned, preferring to devote his undivided attention to the business in which he is engaged. 122 CITY OF LANCASTER. RUSSEL & SH.JJLM'YB'R-Wholesale & Retail Dealers in Coal. Yard, North Prince Street, North of Fredciick Street. The business of this establishment was commenced about 1867, by Bitner & Hostetter, and alter passing through several changes, was taken hold of by Messrs. Russel & Shulmyer, in the latter part of 1879 The facilities of the yard are unequalled for loading and unloading coal, being supplied with shutes of the latest improved pattern, which screen the coal while loading m the wagons. Ample Bheddin"- is also erected, and stables to accommodate from eight to ten horses, four teams being kept employed in delivering the prepared family coal; eight hands being employed. A large stock is always carried, enabling the firm to fill all orders without delay. They transact a wholesale and re tail business, and sell in large quantities. to dealers throughout Lancaster county, amounting to some 8000 tons per annum. The yard is located on N. Prince street, North of Frederick street, and their generaloniccs, which are connected by telephone, at 22 East King street, with a branch at No. 618 N. Prince street. The senior member of the firm, Mr. A. W. Russel, was born in 1814, at Russel ville, Chester county. He is a self-made man, and when but a youth he worked on a farm ; coming to Lancaster county, he served an apprenticeship in Col. Mayor's hardware store, and in li39, com menced active business for himself in the same business. Thus for upward of forty years he has been actively engaged in business. Many of the extensive building improvements in Lancaster owe their origin to his enterprising spirit. He has erected upward of one hundred houses, factories, ware houses, &c. Mr. Geo. Shulmyer is a native of Germany, and has been in active business for years. D« B. 6c D. H. BARTHOLOMEW.— Manufacturers and Dealers in Lumber, No. 640 South Piivce Sheet- The senior member of the present firm has for many years been identified with this branch of trade, and in 1870 the firm as it now exists was formed, and the business considerably increased. The premises occupied on South Prince Street cover an area of about one acre, upon wliich is erected one frame building, 24 X 60 feet in dimensions, for manufacturing purposes, and a number of smaller buildings, sheds, &c, for storage of seasoned lumber. The main building is thoroughly equipped with all the requisite appliances for the manufacture of Cedar or Poplar Cigar Box Boards, Walnut and Poplar Tabic Tops, Ash Boards, Planks or Scantling of any dimension, Looking Glass or Picture Frame Backs, Walnut, Cedar, White Holly, Mahogany, Mulberry, Cherry, Apple or other woods for brackets, and every description of Hard Wood for Carpenters, Stair Builders, Wheelwrights, Wagon- makers, Undertakers or other uses. The valuation of stock carried ranges from $5,000 to $10,000, and an annual business is transacted of about $15,000. A twenty-horse power engine and boiler furnish the power, and a large force of workmen are employed. Mr. D. 15. Bartholomew is a native of Lan caster County, born in 1817, and has resided in the city for about forty years. He has represented his ward in the City Council for two terms, and has always taken an active interest in the growth and material prosperity of the city. He has made numerous valuable inventions and improvements in wood-working machinery, including circular and reciprocating saws, which are now in general use in^ all parts of the Union. His patent Improved Re-sawing Machine is acknowledged to be one of the most useful and profitable machines of its kind in use, which have been introduced in many of the leading establishments east and west, where they have given the most perfect satisfaction. Mr. D. H. Bartholomew is also a native of the County, and was born at Strasburgh in 1848. He has resided in the city for about twenty-six years, and been actively engaged in business. Both members of the firm are thorough, practical machinists, and have done much towards the prosperity of Lancaster City. DANA GRAHAM.— Manufacturer of Combs, No. 9 James St. The only establishment in the State devoted to the manufacture of the various styles of Horp Combs outside of Philadelphia is located in this city. For more than half a century this branch of industry has existed in Lancaster, having been originally founded in 1824 by, Peter P. Voorhis, who conducted the business until his decease in 1839, when it passed into the hands of Shaffher & Ham- bright. In 1848 Mr. Hambright retired, and Mr. Shaffher conducted the business alone until 1850, when Mr. Graham became associated with him under the firm name and style of Shaffher & Graham. After the death of Mr. Shaffher in 1870, Mr. Graham became proprietor, and has since conducted the business with marked ability and success. The premises occupied by him at No. 29 James Street have erected upon them one' two-story brick building 42 x 62 feet in dimensions, and another 28 x 52, with numerous sheds and other buildings for the storage of material. The works are supplied with ingenious machinery, especially adapted for the business in all its departments in the most expe ditious manner. A ten-horse power engine and fifteen-horse power boiler furnish the motive power for the machinery, and a force of forty men, women and boys is at present employed at a weekly expense of about $250. Mr. Graham has at this time a stock of finished goods on hand valued at about $2,000; but at times it has reached as high as$12,000. His sales, which are confined to the leading wholesale houses of New York. Philadelphia and Baltimore amount to not less than $36,000 _ per annum. The material employed at these works is of the better grades of horn, which are obtained from South America, Texas, and a few from this State. Only the best portions of the horn are used for combs, the tips being shipped to Philadelphia, where they are used for making buttons, mouth pieces for pipes, and other small articles. Mr. Dana Graham is a native of Massachusetts, and was born at Leominster in 1821. He came to this city in 1850, since which time he has been actively interested in the same business in which he is now engaged. During the years 1858 and 1859 he served in the City Council, and was also alderman for five years. His son, Mr. John S. Graham, was born in Lancaster in 1857, and occupies the position of general superintendent of the works. CITY OF LANCASTER. 123 G. SENER 6c SOTStS— Lumber and Coal, Yard and office, N. E. Cor. Prince & Walnut Sts. One of the oldest, largest, and most reliable establishments in Lancaster county, engaged in the lumber and coal trade, is that of G. Sener & Sons. This house was founded in 1«32, by Messrs. Jacob and Frederick Sener, who conducted the business until 1848, when they were succeeded by Mr. G. Sener, a brother of the original proprietors, and his three sons who now constitute the firm, were ad mitted to an interest in the business, at subsequent dates, as follows : Mr. J. Fred. Sener, in 1854 ; Mr- Henry M. Sener, in 1857 ; and Mr. W. Z. Sener, in 1863. The premises cover an area of about five acres, on wliich are erected three dwelling-houses, 'and a number of buildings for the storage of manu factured and seasoned lumber. Their stock comprises every kind of White Pine, Oak, and Hemlock Boards, Plank and Building Material, Shingles, Lath Joists, Scantling-Doors, Sash-Blinds, &c. They alio carry a large quantity of Lykens Valley, Pine Grove, Baltimore Company and other coals, for manufacturing establishments, private residences and other purposes, of all sizes, which they furnish in quantities to suit. In addition to the immense stock of lumber at their yards, this firm have at their mill, in Centre county, about one million feet of manufactured lumber, and are putting in this winter about four million feet. The present members of the firm are all natives, and life-long resi dents of Lancaster. Mr. J. F. Sener was born in 1833 ; Mr. H. M. Sener, in 1835 ; and Mr. W. Z. Sener, in 1841. They were brought up to the business in which they are now .engaged, and wliich tinder their able and judicious management, has already increased, until it now closely approximates $100,000 per annum. For a period of nearly half a century, this house, under its various changes of adminis tration, has maintained a leading position among the mercantile establishments of Lancaster, and its transactions have ever been characterized by sterling integrity and strict business principles. E. J. ERISMAN- The Shirt Maker, No. 56 N. Queen St., Opposite Inquirer Building. . The stock at this establishment is kept at the very highest standard, and comprises a very full assortment of novelties iii neck ties, fine shirts, collars, cuffs, spring-top kid gloves, silk mufflers, and handkerchiefs, umbrellas, underwear, and hosiery. For the manufacture of fine dress shirts Mr. Eris- man is famed throughout the city and county. He" also deals in regalia, flags and banners of all de scriptions, and outfits for lodges and societies. Everything in his stock is always of the latest and most fashionable styles. The sales-room is commodious, with a large plate glass show window, and the stock is the largest in Lancaster. Mr. Erisman is a native of Lancaster, and has been established in business for eighteen years, and has been a member of the School Board of the city for the last twelve years^-a position which he ably fills, and is also a prominent member of the several beneficial societies. He is District Dsputy Grand Master of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of Lancaster county, having been annually re-elected to that position for the past seven years. LANCASTER ORGAN MANUFACTORY.-/?/^. McKillip, Proprietor, No. 320 North Queen Street. The refinement and cultivation of any civilized people is evident by their progress in musical culture, and the methods employed to gratify such taste. The Lancaster Favorite Organ, built by Mr. McKillip of No. 320 North Queen Street, has become the chief favorite of both amateurs and professionals in many sections of the country. The principal cause of this high regard, is in the perfection to which they have been brought. Every organ is guaranteed for five years, and any derangement in that time, if the organ has had proper- care, -will be repaired without extra charge. He has been engaged in the manufacture of organs since 1873„and has made many new and valuable improvements, and his Lancaster Organ is now pronounced by competent musicians and judges to be decidedly the best organ in the market. One of the chief improvements made by Mr. McKillip consists in the consolidation of several parts, thereby dispensing with much useless and cum brous machinery, and making his organs much stronger and more durable. A bellows of his own im provement is attached to these organs, which is the easiest working and best yet introduced. He gives his personal attention and supervision to their construction, especially the scientific branches and voicing. The Lancaster organs are built with the knee-stop, which is the only perfect swell in existence, and the whole organ is constructed in as simple a manner as possible, so as'to overcome all liability to getting out of order. ' Organs of any desired number of stops, with every modern improvement, are made to order at short notice, and as these organs are made by hand work, a much better instrument is produced than if thrown together by piece workmen in a machine shop. The improved pedal bass organs, with the pedal arranged to slide in the organ when not in use, and adding greatly to its appear ance, is in great demand. Other improvements consist in the octave coupler which nearly doubles the power of the instrument; and in a tremolo stop, of Mr. McKillip's design, which is very fine in its effects; and also an improvement in the resonance of the cases. He is also the agent for the Chickering and Sons pianos, and conducts a general music store. The trade extends to different parts of the State of Pennsylvania and the West. Mr. McKillip was born in Juniata county, Pa., in 1851, and has been a. resident of Lancaster since 1871. He is a thorough mechanic, and a self-made man. 124 CITY OF LANCASTER. WIDMYER 6c HICKSUCKEH-Upholsterers, and Manufacturers of Furniture and Chairs, 102 Bast King Street. The name of Widmyer has been prominently identified with the furniture business in the city of Lancaster for more than thirty years^ the house now conducted by the firm name of Widmyer & Ricksecker, having been established nearly a third of a century ago by the father of the present senior member of the firm, who succeeded" to thehusiness in 1871. They oecupy at the corner of East King and Duke Streets, spacious and conveniently arranged warerooms and manufactory, where they carry a full line of fine furniture for parlor, dining-room or chamber, making a leading specialty of fine work of their own manufacture. On the first floor is an office and show-room. 15x130 feet in size, and the second and third floors are also devoted to the display of their elegant stock. These rooms are each 22x100 feet in dimensions, and stocked with an attractive display of the finer grades of furniture. The firm also give their personal attention to undertaking in all its branches. In the manufacturing department, a force of ten or twelve hands is employed at a weekly expense varying from $65 to $100. The extent, capacity, and amount of business transacted by this establishment will compare favorably with any similar one in the county, and their trade, which is derived from all sections of the county, will amount to $2o,000 or $30,000 per annum. Mr. J. H. Widmyer, the senior member of the firm, is a native and life-long resident of Lancaster, and was born in 1847. He has been for many years engaged in this branch of business, and is thoroughly conversant with all its details arid the require ments of the trade. Mr. James F. Ricksecker was born at Litiz, Lancaster Co., in 1836, and has resided in the city since 1853. During the war he served as a private in the 1st Penna. Vols., a three months' regiment, and was commissioned 1st Lieut, in the 122d Regt., and was subsequently promoted to a captaincy. He participated in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. At the expira tion of his second term of service, he entered the 195th Regt. of Volunteers, as Captain of Co. B., which command was assigned to duty in the Shenandoah Valley, The 195th was recruited as a three months' regiment, but at the expiration of tlieir term of service they re-enlisted for another year. Capt. Ricksecker participated in all the campaigns of the various organizations with which he was connected, and was honorably discharged at the close of the war, with a record of which he may well feel proud. In 1869, he was elected city Treasurer, and filled that honorable and responsible position for three terms, being re-elected by a flattering majority in 1870 and 1871. CHARLES A. HEINITSH -Druggist, 16 East King St. ~~" For nearly a century the family name of-Heinitsh has been prominently identified with the Drug trade of Lancaster county. The well known family drug and prescription store, conducted by Mr. Charles A. Heinitsh, was originally established near its present location in 1782, by Mr. Carl Heinrich Heinitsh, grandfather of the present proprietor, who carried on the business until his decease in 1803, when in accordance with the provisions of his will, Mr. August Heinitsh assumed the management of the business in the interest of the heirs until they should become of age. August and John Frederick Heinitsh formed a partnership which continued for a short time, when in 1819 or 1820, Mr. J. F. Heinitsh became sole proprietor, and continued to manage the business in his own name until 1841, when he associated with himself his son, Mr. Charles A. ITeinitsh, the present proprietor of the establishment. The new firm removed to the stand which is now occupied, and the partnership remained in force until 1 849, when the senior'partner retired, and the present proprietor assured the entire management. Mr. John F. Heinitsh died in 1858. The premises now occupied by Mr. Charles A. Heinitsh consist of the first floor and basement, each 25 by 1 20 feet in dimensions, at No. 10 East King Street, with a two story warehouse in the rear, where may be found a general line of drugs, medicines, chemicals, pharmaceutical preparations, proprietary, medicines and druggists' sundries generally, valued at between $8,000 and $10,000. Particular attention is paid to the accurate com pounding of physicians' prescriptions and family receipts, and filling orders for country dealers and physicians by the large or small quantity. The trade of this house, which is large, extends throughout Lancaster and adjacent counties. Mr. Charles A. Heinitsh is a native of Lancaster, and was born in 1822. The early years of his life were spent at home, and at the Litiz Academy, In 1835 he entered the preparatory department of Pennsylvania College, where he remained for two years, when he was compelled to relinquish his studies on account of impaired health. He then entered the store of his father, where he remained as clerk until admitted to the firm as stated above. He has devoted much attention to the investigation of scientific subjects, and has contributed many valuable papers to the Journal of Pharmacy and other publications. Among the first to see the advantages of a State Phar maceutical Association, he entered heartily into the work of perfecting its organization, and its subse quent prosperity is largely due to his efforts. He was the first president of the association, and was re-elected at the last meeting held at Pittsburgh in 1879. Ho was for many years an active and efficient member of the school board, and has also been a director of the Farmers'. Bank. LEVI K. LANDIS-&?wra/ Machinist, No. 409 East King St. Mr. Landis has been engaged in his present line of business for about ten years, and formerly with Mr. R. Bleckenderfer, on Chestnut Street. His establishment is equipped with all the tools and ap pliances, and a steam engine and boiler furnishes the motive power. He makes a specialty of the manufacture of Hoover's Patent Diamond Mill-stone Dressing Machine, which is now sold in all sec tions of the Union. He has also constructed a miniature locomotive engine and tender, which is one~ of the most perfect and complete specimens of mechanical ingenuity ever produced in the State. Mr. Landis is a native of Lancaster county, and was born in 1838. He is a thorough practical mechanician, with a natural taste for the business in which he is engaged. CITY OF LANCASTER. 125 LAWRENCE KNAPP'S Empire Steam Breweries. Office-143 East King St. Engaged in this important branch of industry, Mr. Lawrence Knapp, the enterprising proprietor of the Empire Steam Lager Beer and Ale Breweries, has from a comparatively small beginning) become the leading and most influential brewer in this section of the State. The premises occupied by him on East King street, have a frontage of 64 feet 8 inches, and a depth of 252 feet, with an L extension in the rear of 96 feet, on which are erected a fine dwelling-house, and spacious saloon, fronting on East King street; a two-story brick building 32 by 32 feet in size, used as an Ale brewery, and a finely finished two-story brick structure 32 by 76 feet in dimensions, the first floor of which, is used for meetings of building associations, German musical societies and other organizations. The entire second floor is known as Mannerchoir Hall, and is, constructed with a special view to its adaptability for musical performances. He also owns an extensive Beer Brewery on Locust street, 40 by 120 feet in dimensions, with engine and boiler house adjoining, and also a dwelling-house on the premises. The brewery is fitted up with all the machinery, mills, pumps and apparatus required, steam elevators, &c, with a ten-horse power engine and fifteen horse power boiler. The annual products of this brewery at the present time are about four thousand barrels, but have reached as high as seven thousand barrels. Mr. Knapp also owns a fine farm a short distance from the city, of about forty acres, which is estimated worth fully $25,000. A portion of this is devoted to pic-nic grounds, and is a favorite resort for pleasure parties, target companies and shooting matches. Pie is alt-o oVner of the Mechanic's Hotel, corner Chestnut and Plum street, and con-iderable real estate in the city. The beer produced by Mr. Knapp is sold especially, throughout the counties of Lancaster, Mifflin, Chester, Perry, York, Schuylkill, Blair, Huntingdon, Bedford, &c, and his annual fales range from $40,000 to $50,000, and have reached as high as $100,000 worth in a single year. Mr. Knapp was torn at Baden, Germany, in 1827, and came to the United States in 1848. He learned the business of brewer in the old country with Mr. V. Blatz, now proprietor of one of the largest breweries in the world, at Chicago. He worked for two years at the Copper mines in Essex County, New Jersey, after which he worked in a-brewery in Philadelphia three years, arid in 1853 he removed to this city, and established a business which gives him a prominent position, as one of the most successful repre sentative, self-made men of the day. WM. D. SPRECHER & SON, Dealers in Agricultural Implements, Field and Garden Seeds, &e.. No. 31 Fast King Street This well known establishment was founded by the present senior member of the firm in 1859, upon a very moderate scale, and was conducted by him until 1876, when his son, Mr. F. L. Sprecher, was admitted to an interest in the business. The premises occupied consist of the spacious warehouse at No. 31 East King, with a frontage of 30 feet and a depth of 246 feet, extending back to Grant street, which are three stories high oa East King Street, while the Grant Street elevation is five stories with basement extending under the whole "building. They also occupy a three story ware-house, 26x70 feet1 in dimensions, on Grant Street, for the storage of Phosphates, Oils, Agricultural^ Implements, du plicate stock, and heavy articles. The stock carried in their sales department comprises a most exten sive and comprehensive variety of Agricultural implements of every description that can by any pos sibility be required on the farm or garden, and more than four hundred varieties of seeds, which they furnish in quantities to suit, from half an ounce to several car loads. Messrs. Sprecher & Son however transact a very extensive wholesale trade in Clover and Timothy seed, buying largely in the West and shipping to New York, Philadelphia, and many of the Eastern cities. Mr. Sprecher, senior, has been extensively engaged in this branch of business for the past thirty-two years, and is one of the leading dealers in the United States. The stock carried by this house varies according to the exigencies of the trade, from $28,000 to $65,000, not including the Clover and Timothy seed-, and their annual sales from the store, exclusive of their wholesale seed trade, will amount to between $50,000 and $75,000. In addition to the local city and county trade these gentlemen ship large numbers of implements to Mis souri Kansas, and the far West. Mr. W. D. Sprecher is a native of Lancaster County, and was born at New Holland, Earl Township, in 1830. With limited opportunities, in early life, for procuring more than a rudimentary education he came to Lancaster at the age of twelve years, and has since resided in the city. He commenced business for himself in the hardware line previous to engaging in the present business, and has, during an active life, characterized by the strictest integrity and close application, become one of the successful representative merchants of the day, and is at present a member of 'the City Council. His son and partner, Mr. F. L; Sprecher, is a native of Lancaster, arid was born in 1855. D. S. BURSK— Dealers in Groceries, Fruits, Confections,, etc., No: 17 E. King St. This well-known house was founded in 1854 by Mr. John D. Skiles, who was succeeded by the pre sent proprietor, in 1864. Mr. Bursk occupies two floors and the basement, each 22x80 feet in dimen sions, with a carefully selected stock of choice family Groceries, Fruits, Confections, Canned Goods, Teas, Coffees, etc., averaging in value about $6,000. His trade is derived from the city and adjacent towns, and his annual sales reach about $30,000. Mr. Bursk is a native of Lancaster County, and has resided in the city for twenty years. During the war he was a member of the 122d Regiment Penn sylvania Volunteers, and served a3 Commissary Sergeant. He again entered the service as 2d Lieu tenant of Company F. 50th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, recruited for 100 days. He is also prominently identified with the Y. M. C. A. of this city, and was the first president of that organiza tion. 126 CITY OF LANCASTER. PHILIP DOERSOMHfT/r. of Carriages, Buggies, <&c, No. 128 East King St. This establishment was founded in 1865, by Steigermalt and Doersom, who conducted the business until 1871, when Mr. Doersom became sole proprietor. The manufactory at No. 128 East King Street, is a! two story building, 30 x 90 feet in dimensions, equipped with all the requisite appliances for suc^ cessfully conducting the extensive business, and turning out a fine class of work. The establishment is subdivided into Wood-working, Blacksmith ing, Trimming and Painting departments, and an aver age force of twenty-five skilled hands are employed. In the repository on the second floor of the spacious building No. 125 East King Street, which is 30 x 100 feet dimensions, a fine assortment of first class Carriages, Buggies, Spar Buggies, Phaetons, Wagons, etc., of the best workmanship and elegant finish, may always be seen. He has the exclusive right for manufacturing the celebrated Eclipse Buggy, in the southern part of Pennsylvania. The capacity of the works is. about one hundred carriages per annum, which meet with a ready sale in the immediate vicinity of Lancaster, although in former years he has shipped carriages to Colorado, Texas, Mississippi and other sections of the West. He also makes a specialty of general repairing of every description of carriage work, and transacts an annual business of between $18,000 and $20,000. Mr. Doersom is a native of Adams county, and was born in 1831. He resided in Gettysburgh for a number of years previous to removing to Lancaster, of which latter city the has been a resident since 1865. During the battle of Gettysburgh he did valuable service for the Union army in the capacity of guide, his thorough knowledge of the country in the vicinity of the battle ground rendering the information furnished by him of great value to the commanding officer. He is a public-spirited citizen, and his establishment an honor and a credit to the city of Lancaster. W. F. DUNCAN— Ladies' Dress Trimmings and Fancy Goods Store, 28 E. King St. It would be impossible to attempt an enumeratiqn of the various articles comprised in the elegant stock of Mr. Duncan's attractive establishment. The ladies will here find a great variety of dress trimmings, hosiery, underwear, kid gloves, ribbons, lace's, buttons, Berlin zephyrs, Germantown woo), and a thousand.and one articles for ornament and use. This house was originally founded in 1852 by Mr. John Rough, and passed into the hands of the present proprietor!. in 1S62. He occupies, as sales-room, one/floor 14x80 feet in dimension, which is fitted up in an elegant and attractive manner. He is assisted by the members of his family, and transacts a flourishing and satisfactory trade, extend ing throughout the city and country. He is a native of Lancaster, and was born in 1834. He learned the trade of printer, and was engaged in that business for about four years. He was afterwards in the book trade, and during the war he was Captain of Company K, 122d Regiment Pennsylvania Volun teers, from August, 1862, to May, 1863, and participated in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. He has always made Lancaster his home, and is highly respected, both as a citizen- and as a merchant. DAVID BA.m--Wholesale and Retail Dry Goods, &c, No. 14 East King St. ¦'¦>'¦ Among the prominent houses of Lancaster, that of David Bair, Wholesale and Retail dealer in Dry Goods, Carpetings, Queensware, &c, at No. 14 East King street, is well known. This house was established in 1844, by Mr. David Bair, anuncleof thepresent proprietor. The firm became D: Bair & Co., in 1865, and as at present, in Feb., 1880. Mr. Bair carries an average stock of about $30j000 in value, consisting of a general assortment of foreign and domestic Dry Goods, Carpetings, Woolens, Queensware, &c, and his annual sales will reach fully $100,000. The trade extends throughout Lancaster and adjoining counties, and country merchants will always find a full and complete line of merchandise, which will compare favorably with that of any metropolitan house; and with the facili ties enjoyed by Mr. Bair, he is enabled to duplicate styles and prices of New York or Philadelphia houses, thus effecting a great saving in freight and time. The premises occupied comprise three, entire floors and basement, each 21x100 feet in dimensions, and a number of efficient and competent salesmen and assistants are always on hand to attend to the wants of customers, either at wholesale or retail. Mr. David Bair is a native of Lancaster county, and was born in 1832. He has resided in the city since 1849, and has been prominently identified with the mercantile interests and prosperity of the city. During the war he served as a private, in the 1st Penna. Vols., and afterwards as captain, in the 50th Regiment, a sixty days organization. He was elected Jury Commissioner for Lancaster county, in 1872, and . represented his ward in the city Council for- two successive terms, during the years 1864 and 1865. GIVLER, BOWERS 6c HURST-Dry Goods, Notions, Carpets, Oil Cloths, &c. No. !i5 East King Street. This house was founded by John D. Skiles in 1867, who was succeeded in March, 1877, by the present firm. The premises occupied consist of three entire floors and basement, each 27 by 125 feet in dimensions, and devoted to the sale of dry goods, dress goods, shawls, cloaks, ladies' underwear, carpets, oil cloths.and notions, and to the merchant tailoring, which constitutes an important feature of this house. Eight salesmen and assistants are employed, and an experienced cutter has charge of the merchant tailoring department. The stock carried is from $40,000 to $50,000, and the annual sales extending throughout the city and county range from $75,000 to $100,000. Mr. J. S. Givler is a native of Lancaster County, and was born in 1838. He was a member of the 149th Pennsylvania Volunteers, and participated in the battle of Gettysburgh. Mr. W. B. Bowers was born in Lancaster County in 1829, and_ since 1863 he has resided in the city. Mr. H. N. Hurst is a native of the county, and was horn in 1848. He has been a resident of Lancaster since 1864. BRIMMER 6c "BELT*— Millinery & Ladies' Furnishing Goods, No. 6 E. King St. In Lancaster there are no houses devoted to the Millinery trade that offers more attractions than that conducted by Messrs. Brimmer & Bell. The business was established sixteen years ago by Mrs. Brimmer, and successfully carried on by her until three years since, when Mrs. Bell was admitted, and the firm became as at present. Tlie store is elegantly fitted up,, and stocked with everything that pertains to a first-class Millinery and Ladies' Furnishing Goods, Underwear, Hosiery, Corsets, Gloves, Fancy Laces, Notions, Zephyr Goods, etc. The members of the firm are accomplished ladies, genial, courteous, and possessing great artistic taste arid ability. A. D. ROHRER 6c BROTHER-fasf End Gardens, The City of Lancaster is remarkably well supplied with florists, and probably in this respect no city in the Stite can boast of finer green and hot-houses than those owned by A. D. Rohrer & Brother. Some six years ago the brothers selected one of the most eligible spots for this purpose, overlooking the teeming Valley of the Conestoga^ on a gentle slope, in full view of the genial southern sun, the soil rich, mellow, and perfectly drained; and here they broke ground and prepared it for the purpose in which they have been so successful. As each year rolled round new improvements have been made, additional Green-houses erected, and experimenting and testing, until they have to-day one of the most impor tant, as well as the largest, industry of this character in the county, and which will compare favora bly with any in the State. The farm contains twelve acres of the finest land here. They have erec ted nearly a score of green-houses, devoted to the culture of bedding and for forcing flowering plants in almost endless varieties. The display of Roses of all kinds, in what is termed the " Rose-house," is simply grand. This house is 120x20 feet in size, and contains these queens of flowers, which for beauty and fragrance are almost incomparable. There is also a house 60x20 feet, used for raising large bedding plants, and four houses 100x11, for forcing smaller bedding plants, and seven houses — known as the combination house — each of which are 60x9 feet in size. These are built on the most improved plans ; here the plants are grown in the ground as nature intended. The heated air is circu lated around and through the beds, making the soil of equal temperature, as that of tlie air inside, and at night much warmer. The propagation house, 70x30, is perfect in construction, and in this, as in the other houses, the heating and'ventilation are done on scientific principles. Every improved appliance is brought into requisition. Three large boilers are used, one the improved wilherhead, and two of the John Dick pattern, and four large furnaces, one of which is held in reserve for any, emergency, such as extreme cold, or stormy weather. The remainder of the farm is set apart for the the cultivation of berries and small fruit, with the exception of the space between the Green-houses, which is used for some 250 pieces of cold frames. The Rohrer Brothers make, a specialty of cut flowers. Their stock of hardy garden plants is exceptionally large, arid they are prepared to furnish these plants of any kind or quantity. In addition to flowers, they raise early garden vegetables and celery in large quantities, and give particular attention to the propagation of tobacco plants, cabbage and tomato plants. They employ from seven to fourteen hands. Their trade is principally in the city and county, but make some shipment to other sections. They likewise do a considerable business in fancy grasses, which are made in agreat variety of unique and attractive designs. Both brothers were born in Lancaster County, A. D. Rohrer in 1839, and Henry D. Rohrer in 1848. They are practical ly scientific and enthusiastic floriculturists, thoroughly in love with their calling, and highly es teemed by all. ' 127 128 CITY OF LANCASTER. S. CLAY HOLLER— Wholesale Liquor Dealer, No. 33 Penn Square- Careful investigation irito the business as conducted in the city of Lancaster develops the fact that the establishment of Mr. S. Clay Miller, at No. 33 Penn Square, is justly entitled to consideration as a thoroughly reliable and first-class house, where standard and unadulterated wines and liquors may be procured for family use or medicinal purposes. This house was originally established in 1868 by Kreiter, Miller & Co., on E. King Street, Mr. Miller succeeding to the business in 1878. The pre mises, occupied at the present time at No. 33 Penn Square, are 25x125 feet in dimensions, where may be found a choice assortment of the finer grades of imported wines, brandies, gins and liquors, as well as the most popular brands of pure old Rye and Bourbon Whiskeys of undoubted excellence and purity. The average valuation of his stock is from $3,500 to $5,000, and his annual sales will reach fully $40,000. His trade is derived from the city and neighboring towns in Lancaster and adjacent counties. Mr. Miller is a native of Lancaster, and was born in 1844. He enlisted as a private in the 70th Regt., Pa.. Volunteers, during the war of the rebellion, and served three years and three months participating in all the marches, campaigns and engagements in which that command took part. He was highly commended for gallantry by his superior officers, and at the expiration of his term of ser vice, held the honorable position of sergeant and color-bearer of his regiment. He participated in numerous engagements, and was wounded four times, once at Pocoalco, S. C-, once in front of Peters- burgh, Va., in 1863, once at Deep Bottom, Va., and once during an engagement on the north side of the James River, in 1864. Sergeant Miller received a medal of honor from his commanding general, bearing the inscription on one side, "Presented to S. C. Miller for gallant and meritorious conduct on tlie field, by Quincy A. Gilmore," Major-General commanding, and on the reverse a representation of Fort Sumter, and the date, Aug. 23d, 1863." After the war lie traveled for two years in the South as an employee of the Adams Express Company, returning to his native city to engage in the busi ness, which under his judicious and careful management has grown to its present proportions. GEORGE W. STJLL.— Pure Drugs and Medicines, No. 15 W. King St. Every one in Lancaster is familiar with the popular drug store of Mr. Geo. W. Hull, who has had some twenty-three years of practical experience in compounding physicians' prescriptions and .family receipts, having commenced the study and practice of his profession in 1857, under one of the ablest druggists in the city of Lancaster. In 1872, he purchased the old and well-known established drag store of Dr. Thomas EHmaker, and which has been in existence a number of years. The store is handsomely fitted up, and presents an elegant appearance, and is -divided into sales and prescrip tion departments. Mr. Hull carries a full stock of pure drugs, chemicals, medicines, perfumery, roots, proprietary medicines, and the usual et cetera of a first-class metropolitan pharmacy ; and his fami liarity with articles used ensures to customers the most accurate proportions and the purest ingredients. Mr. Hull is a native and life-long resident of Lancaster county, was born in 1838, and is one of the most thoroughly experienced and competent druggists in the city. ISAAC DILLER.— Hardware, House Furnishing Goods, Stoves, &c, No. 7 East King Street. This house was founded in 1790 by Christian Mayer. His son, George L. Ma^yer, subsequently became proprietor, and conducted it until 1837, when he died, and his son, Henry Mayer, carried it on until 1840, when he was succeeded by Howett & Kreider, and they in 1844 by Kreider; Diller & Kline, who were succeeded by Sprecher & Rohrer, who were followed by Diller & Groff until 1877, and they by the present proprietor. The premises consist of three floors and basement, each 28x135 feet in dimensions, at No. 7 E. King Street, -and a two-story warehouse on Christian Street 28x42 feet in size, used as a store-house for oils, agricultural implements and duplicate stock. The King Street store is devoted to the sale of general hardware, house-furnishing goods, stoves, tin and hollow-ware, etc., and for the manufacture of tin, sheet-iron and copper utensils. The average valuation of the stock is about $40,000, and the annual sales reach from $75,000 to $100,000. Eleven salesmen and assistants are employed in the various departments at a weekly expense of about $150. Mr. Isaac Diller is a native and life-long resident of Lancaster, and was born in 1823 ; and has been prominently identified with the business interests of , the city. He is an active member and vestry man of St. John's Episcopal Church. His brother, Mr. George J. Diller, who is connected with the house, was born in Lancaster in 1814, and is the oldest citizen of Lancaster engaged in this branch of trade. He is also a prominent member and the treasurer and receiver of St. John's Episcopal Church. E, M. SCHAEFFER 6c SON. -Trunks, Valises, Satchels, &c, Cor of „,. . „,. ,, . , . , Orange & Christian Sts. Ihis is one otthe oldest established business houses of Lancaster, having been established consi derably over half a century ago, by the father of Mr. E. M. Schaeffer, the senior partner of the present firm, who, at that time, was the leading manufacturer in the city. Mr. E. M. Schaeffer has been engaged in the harness and trunk business about forty years. From the year 1847, he was connected with his father in business, in manufacturing harness, at the N. E. corner of the Square, for a number of years, and after Ins father's death, continued the business until August, 1878, when he took his son, Mr. Chas. L. Schaeffer, into partnership. They manufacture harness to order, but confine themselves principally to dealing in fine Sole-leather Trunks, Ladies' Saratoga and Dressing Trunks Ladies' Satchels and Valises. Mr. E. Schaeffer, the father of tlie present head of tlie firm, was Associate Judge of Lancaster county for nine years, and was noted for his sterling qualities. CITY OF LANCASTER. 129 A. RHOADS— Watches, Silverware and Clocks, No. 20 East King St. Lancaster possesses numerous establishments devoted to the sale of fine jewelry in its various ele gant forms, prominent among which is that of Augustus Rhoads, who began business in 1867 on the same street and but a short distance from the elegant establishment which he now occupies. His sales room, which is 17 X 65 feet in dimensions, contains a most attractive stock of fine fashionable goods and choice articles pertaining to this branch of trade, including fine imported and American Watches silver and plated ware of the latest styles and designs and every variety of jewelry for use or ornament! The average valuation of his stock is about $18,000, but during certain seasons it reaches a much larger amount. He transacts both a wholesale and retail trade, extending throughout the city and county, his annual sales averaging about $25,000. Mr. Rhoads is a native of this city and was born in 1844. He resided here until he was about eight years of age, when he removed with his parents to Maryland. He returned to Lancaster in 1864, and has since resided here, and been actively engaged in the same, line of business which now occupies his attention, and with all the details of which he is thoroughly conversant. Honorable dealing and liberality in business, prompt execution of orders with goods that are always as represented, have given to this house a high standing in the community. JULIUS LOEB.— Wholesale Notions, Gloves, Hosiery, &c. No. 6 1-2 East King St. Among the prominent wholesale houses of Lancaster, . that of Julius Loeb is well-known. .Originally established on North Queen street in 1866, by the present proprietor, who removed to the spacious and commodious quarters now occupied by him, in 1877, where the second and fourth floors, each 25 by 80 feet dimensions, are required for the transaction of the business which has grown to its present proportions. His main sales-room, on the second floor, is finely lighted, conveniently arranged and stocked with a desirable and attractive assortment of notions, gloves, hosiery, fancy goods and small wares generally, such as are usually found in a first-class metropolitan establishment of this description. The stock carried is about $15,000, while the annual sales will reach fully $35,000. His trade is principally derived from Lancaster County, and a, travelling salesman with thoroughly stocked wagon is constantly on the road. Mr. Loeb is a native of Prussia, and was born at Rhine Province in 1839. He came to the United States in 1866 and settled in Lancaster, where he has since been actively engaged in mercantile pursuits, and has earned the confidence and good will of the community. A. N. BRENEMAN, Jv.-Mnf. of Fine Boots & Gaiters, 56 West King street This business was first established in 1827, by Mr. A. N. Breneman, father of the present proprie tor, who succeeded him some seven years ago. He employs twelve to fourteen hands, and makes a specialty of good, substantial work of the better quality, manufacturing only for his retail trade ladies', men's and children's wear. The factory is fitted up with all the necessary appliances, and every atten tion is given to produce a superior grade of boots and shoes. Mr. Breneman was born in Lancaster city, in 1852, and learned his trade under his father, and has a large city and near by trade. C. A. REECE-Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, No. 26 E. King St. One of the most attractive and best stocked retail establishments in Lancaster is that known as the '' Parlor Shoe Store," which was established in 1869 by the present proprietor on W. King Street, and removed to his present quarters in March, 1879, where he occupies one floor 15 by 65 feet in dimensions, stocked with a fine line of the better grades of boots, shoes and rubbers for men's, ladies' and children's wear, of between $10,000 and $12,000, making a specialty of fine goods. He also manufactures fine custom work to order, and his trade aggregates from $15,000 to $20,000 per annum. Mr. Reece was born in the northern part of Prussia in 1845, and came to the United States in 1859, and to Lancaster ten years later. When but fifteen years of age he enlisted in the 41st New York Regiment, and served until 1863. In 1864 re-enlisted in the 8th New Jersey Volunteers, and was promoted to Fir.st Lieutenant, and continued in the army until the close of the war. M. HABERBUSH'-Sflt/fc Harness, Trunks, etc., No. 30 Penn Square. This gentleman commenced business at the Southwest corner of King street and Centre Square in 1860, on a comparatively moderate scale, but from its first inception, his business has steadily increased, and in 1865 he removed to his present commodious quarters, where he occupies the first and third floors with basement, each 23 by 65 feet in dimensions, in which he carries a full stock of fine and common, harness of his own manufacture, saddles, collars and horse clothing of every description, trunks, travelling bags, shawl straps, liat boxes, &c. The third floor is devoted to manufacturing purposes, where he employs twelve skilled workmen at a weekly pay of about ninetv dollars. The stock is valued from $8,000 to $10,000, and his annual sales range from $20,000 to $25,000, his trade extending throughout Lancaster and adjacent counties. Mr. Haberbush was born at Alsace (then a province of France), in 1834. He came to this country in 1848, and directly to Lancaster. D. S. BARE— Sewing Machine Agent, No. 25 Centre Square. The Sewing Machine agency of Mr. D. S. Bare was established by him on North Queen Street, in , 1870. For the past eight years he has been located on the Square, and removed to his present location in 1876. He is the exclusive agent in the city for the Domestic Light-running Sewing Machine, and the Domestic paper patterns. He also carries a line of Singer machines, and a full stock of needles, supplies, etc., and makes a specialty of repairing machines of every description. The average stock is about $1200 and his annual sales $5000, throughout Lancaster county. . 130 CITY OF LANCASTER. LANCASTER COMMERCIAL COLLEGE-Weidler & Mosser, Pro*t., No. i West King Street. The city of Lancaster is to be congratulated upon the fact that a college has been recently established in her midst, with a faculty of experienced and competent professors and teachers, for the purpose of giving an eminently thorough and practical course of instruction, embracing Penmanship, Rapid, Business Calculations, Commercial Correspondence, Book-Keeping, Purchase and Sale of Goods, Banking, Discount and Commission Business in all departments and all the branches of study requi site for a thorough business education. The present college, which is located at No. 4 West King St., was established April 1st, 1880, the proprietors having purchased the entire interest and good-will of the former college on East King St. They have secured eligible and admirably arranged rooms in Rhoads' new building, which have been fitted up in the most convenient and modern style, and pos sess every facility for conducting the school in all its departments. Ladies are admitted to the col lege upon the same terms as gentlemen, and enjoy the same privileges, and students who complete the full course of study and pass the required examination, will receive diplomas which will be of great benefit to them in securing situations in any section of the country, as a guarantee of their fitness and capacity. Prof H. C. Weidler, the principal, is a native of Lancaster County, and a graduate of Prof. Eastman's World Renowned Business College, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Prof. W. D. Mosser is a gradu ate of one of the leading Colleges in the United States, and a native of Northampton County. Both gentlemen served with credit and distinction in the Union Army during the war of the Rebellion, and are thoroughly competent to conduct a Commercial College, and giye instruction in all the branches necessary for a thorough Theoretical or Practical mercantile education. Both day and even ing sessions are held, and visitors and friends of education will always receive a polite and cordial welcome. » F. RUTH 6c CO.- Grocer, 23 West King street. This firm deal only in staple and fancy groceries, and carry a stock of upwards of $4000, and do a business of some $15,000 per annum. The house was established by Mr. F. Ruth, in 1870, with a small capital, and removed to the present location in 1875. In 1878, Mr. Joseph G. Weiler was ad mitted to partnership, and since the firm has been known as F. Ruth & Co. They enjoy a large and increasing city and country trade, and have established a reputation for fair and honest dealings with all their patrons. The members of the firm are natives of Lancaster. Mr. Ruth was born the 3d of May, 1835, and served during the late war in the 20th Pennsylvania Cavalry with distinction. Mr. Weiler was born in 1837. WALTER A. HEINITSH-Furniture Manuferd Upholsterer 15 1-2 E. King St. Among the leading houses engaged in this branch of industry in the city of Lancaster is that of Mr. Walter A. Heinitsh, who established it in April, 1879. The main sales-room is on the second floor, and is 20x140 feet in dimensions. He also occupies two other rooms 20x60 feet in size on the floors. above, and the third floor of the adjoining building, where he carries a full and complete line of fine furniture of every description, for parlor, drawing-room, chamber, dining-room or kitchen, manufac tured expressly for his own trade, from the best material and in the most thorough and reliable man ner, a large portion being made on the premises or by parties outside expressly for this house. He also makes a specialty of the manufacture of picture frames of all kinds. Mr. Heinitsh is a native of Lancaster, and was born in 1856. He is a thorough practical cabinet-maker and upholsterer. ALFRED A. HURLEY. -Apothecary, No. 24 West King St. This well-known Druggist and Pharmaceutist has had many years experience in compounding Physicians' Prescriptions and Family Recipes. Having commenced the study and practice of his pro fession in 1863, with Mr. C. A. Heinitsh, in whose establishment he remained until 1869, when he pur chased the old established Drug Store of which he is now Proprietor, and which under various administrations has been in existence for the past forty years. The premises occupied by him are 20x40 feet in dimensions, which is stocked with a full line of pure Drugs, Chemicals, Medicines, Per fumery, Soaps, Toilet Articles, Proprietary Medicines, etc.. Mr. Hubley is a native and life long resident of Lancaster, and was born in 1846. He is a member of the Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Association, and one of the most thoroughly experienced and competent Druggists in the City. CHAS. BRIMMER-Crayon Portraits, Signs, 4. West King St. The Crayon Portraits made by Mr. Chas. Brimmer, are the creation of a genius ; the likeness is excel lent, the lines well drawn, the postures grand and the shading perfect. Born in Lancaster county, in 1853, Mr. Brimmer first learned the trade of sign painting, and in 1872 established himself in business as an artist in crayon, and has achieved an enviable reputation. As a painter of artistic signs he has no superior, and he guarantees in every instance to give entire satisfaction. CHARLES KNAPP-Zteff/er in Fine Family Groceries, Nos. 145 & 147 N. Queen St. This house was established in 1870. The building is 32x45 feet, in which is a line of choice family groceries, coffees, teas, spices, glass and queensware, etc. He was born in Germany, and came to Lancaster twenty-five years ago. He is an energetic and reliable business man. CITY OF LANCASTER. 131 H. C. HEM.JJTH.-Mfr. of Demuth 's Celebrated Snuff & Cigars, 114 E. King St. Among the time-honored institutions of Lancaster is the old and well-known Snuff and Cigar Manufactory, now conducted by Mr. H. C. Demuth. Founded as early as 1770 by the grandfather ,of the present proprietor, Christopher Demuth, Esq., the business has been transmitted from geperation to generation, through a period covering more than a century, and the reputation enjoyed by its honored founder, in ante-revolutionary days, has been maintained by his successors to the present time. After a successful career of nearly fifty years, the original proprietor retired from active business life in 1816, and his son, Mr. Jacob Demuth, assumed the management of the business, which he con ducted until 1842. His son, Emanuel Demuth, succeeded him, and was in turn succeeded by Law rence Demuth, who carried it on until 1854, when it came into possession of another brother, Mr. E. E. Demuth, where it remained until_ 1864, when it was taken possession of by the present pro prietor, under whose able and judicious management it' has since been conducted. The salesroom is 22X30 feet in dimensions, where a full line of Snuff, Cigars, Chewing, Smoking and Fine Cut To baccos, etc., valued at about $25,000, is always carried. The manufactory, located in the rear, is a three story structure 22x100 feet in size, devoted to the, manufacture of Cigars and the celebrated Demuth Lancaster Snuff, which is the leading specialty for which this establishment is noted throughout the West. All the Cigars manufactured here are hand-made, and of the better grades. One four-horse power caloric engine and improved snuff mills are the principal machinery in use, and ten hands are now employed. A flourishing jobbing, as well as retail trade is conducted. His popular brands of Snuff and Cigars meeting with a ready sale throughout Pennsylvania and the Western States, his an nual, sales averaging about $50,000. Mr. H. C. Demuth is a native and life-long resident of Lancaster, and was born in 1830. He was elected to the City Council in 1869, and re-elected for each successive term until 1878, when he resigned his position in that body to take his seat in the State Legislature, of which he is at present an honored member. In all the walks of public and private life, Mr. Demuth has gained for himself the confidence and esteem of the community in which he resides, and of all with whom he has had business transactions. HIGH 6c MARTpX-China Hall, No. 15 East King St. One of the most attractive and elegant establishments in Lancaster, is the China Hall of Messrs. High and Martin, at No. 15 East King Street. This house was originally founded in 1871, by Mr. Isaac Stirk, on North Queen Street. In 1875, he removed to No. 8 East King Street, nearly opposite the present stand, where he remained until the spring of 1879, when he was succeeded by the present enterprising firm. They carried on the business successfully at the last named location, until April 1st, 1880, when they removed to the elegant and commodious quarters, 17 x 140 feet in demensions, which are fitted up in, a style which will compare favorably with metropolitan establishments of a similar char acter, and which are stocked with a choice and complete line of China, Glass and Queensware, Lamps, Plated and Britannic ware, Decorated ware, Dinner, Tea and Toilet sets, and a great variety of useful and ornamental articles pertaining to the Ceramic art. They carry an average stock of about $15,000, and their trade extends throughout Lancaster and adjoining counties. The co-partners are S. S. High, and J. C. Martin, both natives of Lancaster county, the former having been born in 1839, and a resident of this city for*the past eight years. Mr. Martin was born in 1855, and has resided in Lancaster since 1873. They are young men of experience and ability, and under their judicious management the business has been of a progtessive nature. A. K. HOTTMEIER-Furniture, No. 26 £ King St. One of the largest and most thoroughly equipped furniture-houses in Lancaster county is that of Mr. A. K. Hoffmeier, which he founded twenty years ago. A full and complete assortment of fine parlor and drawing-room furniture, upholstered in the highest style of modern art, chamber sets in new and elegant designs, dining-room, kitchen and office furniture, pianos and organs from the most , popular manufacturers of America, pictures and picture frames, brackets, wall pockets, book-cases, hat- racks, and in fact all articles legitimately pertaining to this branch of business is always on hand. A large proportion of the stock is manufactured by him, either on the premises or at his factory, and is of the best grade and quality. He is the inventor and patentee of an improved upholstering edge, and has recently invented a combination dining and extension table, sink, cupboard, etc., in which four useful, articles are combined in one in such a. manner as to form a most convenient and desirable article for every family. Mr. Hoffmeier is a native of Lancaster county, a thorough practi cal mechanician, and his establishment is one of the most extensive and complete in this section of the State. s CHAS. H. BARR.— Bookseller, Stationer and News Dealer, No. 35 Centre Square. The enterprising proprietor of this popular Book Store, was born in the City of Lancaster, in 1848. At the age of nine years he commenced business for himself as a newsboy, and since that time has been steadily adding to his means, and increasing the scope of his business transactions. In 1873, he took possession of his present stand, where he has a full and complete line of standard works, embracing History, Biography and Literary, Prose, Poetry and Fiction, together with all the leading Magazines and Periodical Literature of the day, fine Stationery, etc. He has exclusive control of the Dailies and Weeklies of New York and Philadelphia. During his long connection with this busi ness in Lancaster, Mr. Barr has succeeded in building up a flourishing and lucrative trade. 132 CITY OF LANCASTER. STEVENS HOUSE-/I60 Hiestand, Proprietor, King, Prince & Water Sts. The reputation of a city depends in a large measure upon the character of its hotels. In this re spect more is to be gained or lost in business transactions than many suppose, for the very good and conclusive reason that the traveling public of the present day insist upon, better accommodations than were deemed necessary a few years ago and the frequency of their visits and length of their stay in a city depends largely upon the hotel accommodations there afforded. Recognizing the fact a number of public-spirited citizens of Lancaster, a few vears since, erected the imposing and beautiful structure on West King, Prince and Water streets, now known as the Stevens House, a name conferred- in honor of one of Lancaster's most noted and distinguished citizens and Statesmen, Hon. Thaddeus Stevens. This is probably the finest hotel structure in the State, outside of Philadelphia, and one of the most attractively arranged houses in the United States, having wide and commodious halls, spacious and elegantly furnished parlors and dining halls, lofty and well lighted sleeping apartments and suits, baths, and closets on each floor, and thoroughly heated throughout with steam, lighted with gas, and furnished with electric bells. The staircases are wide and easy of ascent, and in the plan of the house provisions were made for an elevator which will shortly be placed in -position. On the first floor is the office, reading and writing room, private office, water closets, lavatories, baggage and cloak room, billiard parlor and saloon. On the second floor an elegant and attractive . parior, and dining room with a capacity for seating more than one hundred guests at one time. The sleeping apartments one hundred and twenty in number, are commodious and well lighted, heated andventilated, and furnished in the most approved and elegant modern style, and the cuisine, which is under the immediate super vision of an accomplished steward and competent assistants, is equal to that of any first-class hotel in the Union. Mr. Abe Hiestand, the genial and popular proprietor, is a native of Lancaster county, and a gentleman eminently qualified to preside over such a model establishment as the Stevens House is unanimously acknowledged to be. He was for several years proprietor of the Cooper House, and is deservedly popular with the traveling public. DR. C. A. GREENE-Omnipathic Physician, No. 236 N. Queen St. Dr. C. A. Greene has for more than thirty years devoted his attention to the study of the various diseases which flesh is heir to, and has discarded the practice of prescribing drugs and medicines to be taken internally, and from the wide field of Materia Medica, he has selected about fifty of nature's remedies, by the use of which, applied externally, he claims to be able to cure any disease which is curable To the new practice he has given the appropriate title of Omnipathy, becoming very pop ular in the cities where he has practised, and wonderful cures have been effected. He is a native of Batavia, N. Y., born in 1824, and graduated in 1848, at the Berkshire Medical College, Pittsfield, Mass., and commenced the practice of medicine at Providence, R. I. Afterwards he removed to Boston, thence to Philadelphia, then to this city, and has received the most flattering endorsements from the press and public. CITY OF LANCASTER. 133 REIGART'S OLD WINE STORE-//, E. Slay maker Agt. No. 29 E. King St. Among the time-honored institutions of old Lancaster there are none more deserving of recogni tion and favorable consideration, both by reason ot its antiquity, its recognized high standing in the community, and the prominent positions held by its honored founder and subsequent proprietors dur ing the past century than the establishment known as " Reigart's Old Wine Store," now conducted by H. E. Slaymaker, grandson of the original proprietor, Adam Reigart, Esq., by whom the house was founded as early as 1785. He was one of the most active, prominent and influential citizens of his time, and for more than half a century his name was prominently identified with the growth and prosperity of the city. He lived to a good old age, and died May 1st, 1844, when Mr. George H. Whittaker assumed, the management of the business, which he continued with much success until De cember, 1849, (after having been in Mr. Reigart's employ for forty years previous), at which time he was succeeded by Mr H. E. Slaymaker, who carried it on for two years. In 1851 the house passed into the hands of Mr. S. H. Slaymaker, a grandson of the original proprietor, and in 1854 the pro prietorship became vested in Mr. Adam Reigart, nephew of the founder, and bearing his honored name. In August, 1857, Mr. H. E. Slaymaker again became proprietor. For a period of nearly one hundred years this house has been continuously in the hands of some member of ihe family, by which it was originated, and under all the changes of administration it has steadfastly maintained the high reputation acquired by its founder in the past century. The premises, as occupied, consist of the first floor and basement of the spacious warehouse, No. 29 East King St., each 19x105 feet in dimensions, where a stock varying in value from $23,000 to $30,000 is carried, and an annual business transacted of from $25,000 to $40,000. Here may be found one of the finest stocks of pure old wines, and bran dies of their own importation, including old Madeira wines, vintages of 1793, 1800, 1814 ; old Red Seal Madeira wines, imported 1817, bottled 1822; old Green Seal Madeira wines, imported 1818, bot tled 1823; old Red Seal Madeira wines, imported 1823, bottled 1827 ; old Red Seal Madeira wines, imported 1832, bottled 1844; old Garvey Sherries ; old Oporto Port wines ; very superior old Cognac Brandies, vintages of 1820, 1840, 1844, 1850', 1858, and the most popular brands of pure whiskies, English and Scotch Ales, Brown Stout, Mineral Waters, etc. The leading specialty for which this house has been for many years noted, is their special importation of pure old brandies, which have received the most enthusiastic. Commendations of the medical fraternity as a medicine of great potency for the cure of various diseases. Since 1858 they have bottled more than 45,000 bottles of this cele brated old brandy, and since January, 1871, more than 26,000 bottles of whiskey. They recently sold, to parties in New York, wines imported by the founder of the house, in 1817, at prices as high as $100, and they have also shipped cases of their old wine, to Philadelphia, at prices reaching $240 per doz. The trade of this house extends all over this and adjoining States, their goods meeting with a ready sale on their own merits. H. E. Slaymaker, the present proprietor, was born at Margaretta Furnace, York County, Pennsylvania, in 1828, and has resided in Lancaster since 1841. He has been a member of the School Board for a period of about fifteen years, and one of the Jury Commissioners for a term of three years. In 1862 he served as Captain of Company B 10th Regiment Pennsylvania Militia until after the victory of the battle of Antietam, and has for twenty-four years occupied the honorable position as President of the Union Fire Company, a larger period than that filled by any other gentleman since its organization, with the exception of his respected grandfather. In all the walks of public, private, or mercantile life Capt. Slaymaker has won for himself the esteem and con sideration of the community. COOPER HOUSE.-C. D. Tripple, Proprietor, 35 & 37 West King street. The "Cooper House" has long been the favorite resort of the traveling public, and occupies a lead ing position among the many first-class Hotels for which Pennsylvania has become so famous. It was first established in the year 1812 by Wm. Cooper, under whose management it became a leading house of entertainment for travelers. Mr. Cooper was succeeded by his son Fred in I860. After some few changes the hotel property was leased by the present proprietor, C. D. Tripple, the 1st of December. 1879, under whose skilful management it has lost none of its former reputation, and nothing is left undone by him to make it what it always has been, a leading resort for travelers. The Hotel is situated on the main thoroughfare, and its sign has become familiar to all those who frequent the hospitable city of Lancaster. There is ample accommodation for upward of a hundred guests, and a large Sample Room for the use of commercial travelers. The cuisine is under capable and efficient management, and ihe dormitories large and Well ventilated. Every attention is paid to the care and comfort of the guests by the genial proprietor. Mr. Charles D. Tripple was born in this city in 1842, and served with distinction in the First Pennsylvania Reserves, and is well and favorably known to the traveling community. JAMES A. NIMLO'W.-Segar Manufi, No. 16 Centre Square. This gentleman has, for ten years, carried on the business of manufacturing segars, and in 1879, opened a. retail department. He employs several hands, and manufactures hand-made, as well as mould segars, transacting a wholesale and retail trade in the city and county. The annual sales amount to about #5000, $500 of which accrues from the wholesale department. The special brands manufactured by him are recognized as standards by retailers and consumers. Mr. Nimlow is a native of Lancaster county, and was born in 1843. At the outbreak of the rebellion he enlisted in Sept., 1861, in the 79th Penn. Vols , and served honorably for three years and two months, under Sherman, and in Hancock's veterans for one year ; was wounded at the battle of Chaplin Hill. 134 CITY OF LANCASTER. E F. BOWMAN.— Watch Manufacturer and Jobber in Watches, Clocks, Tools. ( The establishment of Mr. E. F Bowman, located at No. 106 East King street, has hitherto enjoyed an enviable' reputation for the extent and variety of the large and well-selected stock of imported and American watches of the most reliable manufacture ; Clocks, Watchmakers' tools and materials, Gold, Silver, Rolled- Plate and Fire Gilt Chains, &c. As a jobber in these articles pertaining to the jewelry line he has built up a lucrative and extensive trade in various sections of the State. Mr. Bowman, who is a thorough, practical watchmaker, and a mechanician of more than ordinary ability, com menced business in March, 1877, at his present location, and during the year 1879, determined to eno-ao-e in the manufacture of watches. He has procured some; of the finest machinery , known at the present day, and has begun the manufacture of fine watches of a quality pronounced by expert jewelers and manufacturers in the leading cities of the Union, superior to any yet produced in America. It is claimed that the watches manufactured by Mr. Bowman are in all respects fully equal to the celebrated makes of Jurgenson or Frodsham, and as they can be furnished at considerably less prices, there seems to he no valid reason why the Bowman watch will not eventually drive from the market the high-priced watches of foreign manufacturers, and add still brighter lustre to the achievements of American skill and enterprise. Parties in New York and Philadelphia, who have examined this watch, unhesitatingly pronounce it superior to any yet produced in America, and have given substantial evidence of the sincerity of their assertion by ordering a number in advance, and assuring him of a ready sale for all he can produce, provided -^555ES~S the same standard of excellence is maintained. One of the ^ ~ix' principal features of this watch is an improvement in the stem %_ winding attachment and the application of a new principle for *^i i >|.-- moving the hands. He manufactures at present but one grade 0^iJ:Hg; . - in which special attention is devoted to the fine finish and per ,^^,#e£aiB|X^ feet adjustment of all parts, rendering a regulator unnecessary. * vik^ki -U1U adjUlllMI'.' ((Mill I U'K, Will average $20,000 per annum, and has reached as high as $30,000. A travelling salesman represents the interests of this house, in this section of the state. He does an extensive business in bottling £?? °" whiskies, and m his stock may be found some of the choicest grades to be obtained in the btate. Mr. Horting is a native of Lancaster Co., was born in 1840. He has resided in the city since 183S. At the last election he was chosen prison inspector, arid entered upon the duties of that office in January of the present year. Mr. Samuel A. Groaff, who is now connected with this well-known house, is a native of Lancaster County; and a young man of fine attainments and business qualifica tions, lie has been engaged in the Hotel business, in this city, for a number of years and at present occupies the responsible position of Treasurer of Lancaster County. His election to this office evidences the respect and esteem in which he is held by his fellow-citizens throughout the -county. i-' li Houseal has been connected with this house for a period of about three years, previous to which, he was associated with Major Rohrer, in the same line, for about five years. He is a native of Lancaster County, and was born in 1847. CITY HOTEL-//. H. Power, Proprietor, North Queen St., Near Depot This hotel is on North Queen street, near the Railroad Depot, and ranks among the successful business enterprises of Lancaster. The building is a four-story structure, with a very attractive exte rior, and affords accommodations for over one hundred guests. The parlors and chambers'are ele gantly furnished and well ventilated, the whole house being kept in admirable order. ¦ The accommo dations for families are excellent, and there are always a number of permanent boarders in the hotel. The bill of fare is unsurpassed, and embraces everything in season. The rooms are well-lighted with gas, and furnished with water. A large and handsome billiard hall is connected with' the hotel, and every department of the house is fitted up with the latest modem improvements. A stable is at tached with accommodations for fifty horses, which is at the disposal of country patrons. The sample department is always supplied with American and choicest foreign importations of wines and liquors. The proprietor, Mr. II. H. Power, has had a long experience in the hotel business, and for a number of years was connected with the Dill House, at Frederick, Md., later with the Arctic House, Cape May. He is too well versed in a management of this nature to forget the necessaries attending a hotel, and is progressive and fully up to the times. He has raised himself by his own exertions, and it is through his executive ability and excellent management that the Hotel, has become so popular. H. GTJNDAK.ER— Dealer in Millinery, Trimmings, Hosiery, Gloves, Notions, etc., etc. 142 and 144 North Queen Street. Prominent among the enterprising business men of Lancaster is Mr. H. Gundaker,' whose store is one of the, most imposing in Lancaster, and whose sales-room is stocked with the product from the mills and factories of this and foreign countries, first established in 1865. He removed to his present loca tion five years ago. A stock of upwards of $10,030 is carried, and an annual business of upwards of $25, 000 is done. A specialty is made of Millinery Goods, Ribbons, and Laces, of which he has one of the largest stocks in Lancaster. Mr. Gundaker is the inventor of an embroidery holder, a simple and useful device, which has proven a great boom to those who take delight in embroidering. He was born in Lancaster, in 1838. H. B. COCHR AN-Druggist, 137 and 39 North Queen St. This business was started by Dr. J. A. Miller, about the year 1860, and from 1870, with the exception of a short interval in 1873-4, has been continuously under the management of Mr. H. B. Cochran, who has one of the finest and best fitted up drug stores in Lancaster. The building is three stories in height, with two large plate glass show-windows, and complete in all its appointments. The sale and prescription room is 40 by 22 feet, and the stock large and well selected, and embraces every thing desirable in the drug line. Specialties are made of fancy goods and fine toilet articles. Family and physician's prescriptions are carefully compounded under his own supervision. He is a young man, and admirably qualified for the business in which he is engaged, energetic ' and enterprising. WMTh. TISHER-Manuf'r of Horse Collars, No. 221 N. Queen St. ~ The manufacture of horse collars in Lancaster is carried on principally by Mr. Wm. H. Fisher, and he enjoys a large and lucrative trade through the city and county. The goods are all hand made; and consist of the hack, carriage, dray and common collars. Mr. Fisher occupies a prominent position in the business, and the reputation of his collars is well known in many sections. 146 CITY OF LANCASTEE. BLACK HORSE & CORN EXCHANGE HOTEL- Slough & Bro., Proprietors, Nos. 44 and 46 N. Queen St This is one of the best hotels in Lancaster, and is built in the most substantial manner, and, fur nishes accommodations for about one hundred guests. The building is so constructed, that during tlie heated season every room has a thorough ventilation, which is conducive to comfort by day and rest by night. The dining hall is on the first floor, and is so arranged as to present the great desidera tum of warmth in winter and coolness in summer, and the sample department is a perfect specimen or good taste and order. The accommodations for families are excellent, and the rooms are furnished with every modern convenience. The location of the hotel is in the most eligible part of the city, and only a minute's walk from the depots, and closely adjacent to the markets. The proprietors, Mr. John B. and Mr. B. F. Slough, are natives of the county, and well and favorably known. A commodi ous stable is attached for the use of those who drive to town. SHULTZ BROS. -Practical Hatters; Hats, Caps, and Furs, 31 and 33 North Queen Street. The hat and cap trade is an interest scarcely second to any in mercantile pursuits. Lancaster has several stores in this line of trade, the oldest and most conspicuous of which is that of Messrs- Shultz Bros., 31 and 33 N. Q leen Street. This house has been a prominent one in the hat business for over half a century, having been established by David Shultz, father of the present proprietors, in 1829. The firm is now composed of Mr. Henry A. Shultz and Mr. Win. H. Shultz, who have had control of the business since 1856. The stock on hand is kept up to the very highest standard, com prising a very full assortment of men's soft and stiff felt hats, and the latest fashionable styles of silk hats, and also cloth and felt hats and caps, and turbans for children's wear. Messrs. Shultz Bros, also, in season, deal largely in furs and buffalo robes, and keep a large and desirable stock on hand. In their manufacturing department they employ about ten skilled hatters, and the goods turned out are unsurpassed for quality and style. They make a specialty of silk hats, and are prepared to supply the trade with the latest styles in all descriptions of head wear. The building occupied by the Messrs. Shultz Bros. is. a three-story pressed brick structure, and supplied with every modern convenience. The sales-room on the first floor, 30x100 feet, extends the whole length of the building„and is complete in all its details; light, convenient, and with fine plate-glass show-windows. The aim of Messrs. Shultz Bros, is to supply everything in the' hat, cap, and fur line, and they attend personally to every detail of the business, as they are practical hatters, and thoroughly understand the business in every particular. The excellence of the extra quality goods manufactured by them has been kept up to the standard established by their father, and no establishment in Philadelphia or New York offers better inducements to careful buyers, and the polite and affable bearing of the proprietors has secured the deserved confidence of all who deal with them ANDW. G. TREY-Lancaster City Pharmacy, S. E. Cor. N. Queen & Orange Sts. One of the most enterprising druggists in Lancaster is Mr. Andrew G. Frey. His handsome store-room is fitted up with every appliance for the convenient conduct of his business, and is stocked with a fine selection of toilet and fancy articles, in addition to the medicines and various preparations. Besides the usual stock of drugs, medicines, &c, Mr. Frey's own medicinal preparations have gained such a hold on public favor that they require a large share of his attention. The principal one of these preparations is Frey's Universal Pile Suppository, the reputation of which is well established. He also manufactures Elixirs, Medicated Wines, Beef Wine and Iron, Flavoring Extracts, &c, all of which are of the purest quality. His prescription business is also large, and he is particularly quali fied for carefully arid accurately compounding them, as he is a graduate of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. JOSEPH SANSOIH-Brush Manufacturer, 243 N. Queen St. Mr. Sansom's father established this business in 1812, on the spot where it is now located, and the business has continued prosperously for a period of sixty-eight years. Mr. Sansom's skill and pro ficiency in the manufacture is attested by the substantial "increase wliich is continually taking place in the business, as his manufacture of brushes is recognized as possessing excellence in no manner inferior to any manufactured. He was a member of select council from 1869 to 187 and is at present a prom inent and able member of the school board, to which he has been recently re elected for three years. A. F. BONINE.-77/7 and Sheet-Iron Worker, No. 340 N. Queen St. • This gentleman gives special and prompt attention to country and dairy work, in the manufacture of milk-cans for railroad use, milk-pans, strainers, &c, tin-roofing and spouting. Everything in his stock, which comprises every variety of tin-ware, is manufactured on the premises, and is of the best in workmanship and quality. He is a practical man, and thoroughly familiar with every detail of his business. AMOS RTNGVTALT-Saddle and Harness Maker, No. 221 N. Queen St. One of the prominent harness establishments in Lancaster is that of Mr. Amos Ringwalt, who is extensively engaged in the manufacture of saddles, harness, collars, &c, all of which are made of the best materials and thorough workmanship, a specialty being made of first-class ordered work. He also deals in all varieties of trunks, bags, buffalo robes, lap blankets, whips, etc. CITY OF LANCASTEP.. 147 LANCASTER COACH VT ORES- Norbeck & Miley, Cor. Duke & Vine Sts. xt 11 the construction of fine carriages, such are manufactured in Lancaster, by the firm of JNorbeck & Miley, not merely mechanical ability of execution, but mathematical exactness of design, is essential to thorough and reliable workmanship, and it may be safely asserted, that the work turned out here will compare favorably with that produced at anv similar establishment in the state. The business was established more than thirty years ago by S. B. Cox & Co., subsequently passing into the hands of McKeon, Miley & Co., and in February, 1877, the firm name and style became as at present. The premises occupied cover an area of 85 x 95 feet, upon which are erected commodious and con veniently arranged buildings, for conducting tlieir business in all its departments: trimming, paint, wood-working, blacksmithing, finishing and sales-rooms. They manufacture every description of Side Bar Buggies, such as the Brewster, Whitney, White Chapel and Dexter patent spring, also Foster Germantown and Caffrey Jump seats, Sleighs of all descriptions, &c, making a leading specialty of light wagons and buggies. They employ an average force of about thirty hands, with a weekly pay-roll approximating two hundred dollars, and turn out from one hundred and fifty to two hundred wagons and carriages per annum, and carry at their repository a fine line of finished work of the most reliable workmanship. The demand for their wagons is principally local, extending throughout the county, and their annual sales will reach about $28,000. An important improvement introduced by this house, shifting and jump-9eats, for reversing the seat so as to adapt the vehicle for two or four passengers at will, is highly appreciated by all who have given them a trial. Mr. J. H. Norbeck is a native of Gettysburgh, Pa., and was born in 1834. He is a practical coach painter, and fully conversant with the business in which he is engaged. During the war he entered the service as a musician in the 1st Pennsylvania volunteers, a three months organization, returning to Lancaster at the expiration of his term of service. In 1874, he represented the fourth ward in the city Council, to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. Mr. J. Miley was born in Washington Borough, Lan caster County, in 1834, and has resided in this city since 1854. He is a practical carriage maker of many years experience, and gives his personal supervision to all work turned out at this establishment. SAMUEL B. COX-Builder of Fine Carriages, No. 341 Church St. Comparing the state of Carriage-building in various towns, cities and countries, it will be found that in the art of constructing light carriages, combining lightness with strength and durability, no builder in the Keystone State has been more successful than Samuel B. Cox, who for more than thirty years has been prominently identified with this branch of business in the city of Lancaster. He commenced business at the corner of Duke and Vine Street, and removed to his present commodious works in 1874. The grounds occupied by him cover an area of 80 x 230 feet, upon which there is a three story brick structure especially arranged for carrying on the business in all its departments. The business is sub-. divided into five different departments, viz., Wood-working, Blacksmithing, Painting, Trimming and Sales-rooms, each of which are conducted by skilled and experienced workmen, aggregating thirty-five in number, with a weekly payroll averaging $175. Fine carriages of every description, including top and no-top buggies, end spring and side bar buggies, two and three spring phaetons, jump seat and side bar carriages, Roekaways and Market Wagons unexcelled in design, construction and finhh, are turned out. He is also inventor and patentee of an improved shifting rail for buggy seat, with po'.id back, on which letters patent were issued by the U. S. Government in 1879. The leading specialty of this house is in light buggies, and carts for fancy driving, of new and original designs, combining comfort, elegance, durability and cheapness. He also has constantly on hand a large line of second-hand work, which he offers at great bargains, and devotes especial attention to repairing. These works are the most extensive in the county, and the trade extends throughout this and adjacent counties. He has also an extensive trade in the western portion of the State, and throughout Ohio, as well as in Philadel phia. Mr. S. B. Cox is a native, and life-long resident of Lancaster, and' was born in 1825. He is a thorough practical mechanic and carriage maker, who has devoted many years to the develqpment of the business in which he is engaged. During the war Mr. Cox had a contract with government for one hundred wagons, which he filled at short notice, and to the entire satisfaction of the department. He occupied the responsible position of Treasurer of the county Poor Board in 1875, 1876 and 1877, and at the present time represents the Third ward in the city Council. Mr. Samuel B. Cox, Jr., his son, was born in Lancaster, in 1861. He occupies the position of book-keeper, and is a young man of fine business attainments. * R. J. HOUSTON. -Wholesale Notions, &c, Nos. 24 & 25 Centre Square. Established in September, 1870, by the present proprietor, the resources and trade of this enter prising house have more than kept pace with the general prosperity of the city. The premises occu pied consist of two floors, each 23 by 67 feet in dimensions, where may be found a full and complete line of Foreign and Am3riean articles, pertaining to this branch of trade, valued at about $15,000. This trade, which extends throughout Lancaster and adjoining counties, amounting from $35,000 to $50,000 per annum, is exclusively wholesale. Mr. Houston is a native of Ireland, and was born in 1833,but came to this country with his parents during the same year, and has resided for the past twelve years in this city. From 1857 to 1860, he held the position of Inspector of Prisons, for Lancaster county, and was one of the assistant assessors of Internal Revenue, from 1867 to 1869. In both public and private life Mr. Houston has always enjoyed an enviable reputation. 148 CITY OF LANCASTER. WM. BLICKENDERFER— Farmers' Northern Market Grocery, Nos. 314 and 316 North Queen Street This establishment is one of the leading houses in Lancaster, deyoted exclusively to groceries, provisions, canned goods, teas, glassware, queensware, domestic and tropical fruits of all kinds, and preserved fruits and jellies, and is popular with all classes of citizens. This business was commenced by Mr. Blickenderfer in 1865, just after returning home from the war, and a large trade has been es tablished in the city and vicinity. The store is commodious, and the, location is one of the best in Lancaster. He is a shrewd buyer, watches the markets closely, and buys his stock of goods just at the right time. Perhaps no other house in Lancaster County, dealing in the same line, can show a more varied and extensive assortment of pure, fresh and clean goods. He owns the large building which he occupies, and which is 30x245 feet in dimensions, extending from North Queen to Market Street. A prominent feature of the store is a highly polished steam engine, used f jr grinding coffees, spices, &c, and in the summer to pump water from a spring in the rear of the store to a handsome fountain on the front pavement. Mr. Blickenderfer was among the first to respond to the call for troops during the late rebellion, and enlisted April 19th, 1861, in the 29th Penna. Volunteers, remaining in active ser vice for four years and ten months, until the close of the war, July 22d, 1865, and receiving several wounds at various times, one of which, in the neck, was very serious. He was with General Sherman during the march to the sea, and at the time was Acting Adjutant of the 79th Regiment, previously occupying the position of First Lieutenant in his company. WM. JjOEB— Millinery, Fancy Goods and Notions, Nos. 26 & 28 N. Queen St. This well-known house located in the most eligible part of the city, is one of the prominent features of Lancaster. The business embraces millinery, fancy SflSjjI goods, notions, ladies' coats, &c. Hand-made wor sted goods are also manufactured very extensively, and sold throughout Pennsylvania, Ohio and the West, ^jgr '¦'¦ A branch office is located at 241 Market Street, ¦ Philadelphia. The establishment is 30x90 feet, and J is at all times stored with a full line of fashionable goods in each department. Mr. Loeb is a young man of strict business qualifications and sterling IU integrity. He also has opened a branch store at No 831 Hamilton Street, Allentown, Pa. The store in B Allentown is about the same as the one in Lancaster. DAISZ 6c J.ORENZ.- Wholesale and Retail Grocers, 41 South Queen St. This house was established in 1800, by Mr! Chris topher Daisz, father of Mr. Frank Daisz, and father- in-law of Mr. John Lorenz, the latter two gentlemen now conducting the business, and who for the last four years have maintained with ability and credit the high reputation which the house achieved while con ducted by Mr. Daisz, senior. The establishment is well arranged and commodious, and the stock is larn-e and valuable, and the, volume of trade compares favor ably with that of houses in larger cities, and is in con stant process of enlargement. This extensive trade is largely due to the ability of the house to compete in price with the most favored, and to the complete assortment of goods always kept in stock. Both Mr. Daisz and Mr. Lorenz are natives of Lancaster and Mr. Lorenz was engaged as conductor on the Pennsylvania R. R. for 13 years previous to his engaging in this business. The firm are eminently practical, thorough -going business men, and are thoroughly familiar with every branch of the business in which they are engaged. CITY OF LANCASTER. 149 J. P. STORMFELTZ-^/r. of Sash, Doors, &c, Turning & Scroll Sawing, Neatly executed, Nos. 222 and 22i N. Water Street Among the extensive sash and planing mills in Lancaster are those established by Mr. Stormfeltz in 1872, which is a large two-story building, replete with the newest and most improved machinery, and as furnished with all the tools and appliances, driven by an engine of thirty horse-power. Skilled mechanics only are employed, and the productions consist of doors, sash, blinds, mouldings, packing boxes for tobacco, &c. Scroll sawing and wood turning is also carried on, and he keeps a full stock of carpenters' and builders' materials. In the manufacture of these articles he is able to compete with any similar establishment in the State. He was born in Lancaster County in 1829. That he is ap preciated is shown by the fact of his having been elected to the City Councils for five years, a position which he filled satisfactorily to his fellow-citizens. F. O. STURGIS-/%7ff/«,§- Mill, Lancaster, Pa. _ One of the most complete establishments of this kind in Lancaster is that of Mr F. O. Sturgis, which is a large three-slory building, 110 X 148 feet, and is supplied with the labor-saving machinery of the newest construction, driven by a twenty horse-power engine. Sash, doors, blinds, door and window-frames, mouldings packing boxes, tobacco cases. &c, are turned out in great quantities, and particular attention given to scroll sawing and wood-turning ; and a fiill stock of stair balusters and everything that is needed in building or general, decoration in wood-work is always on hand. Mr. Sturgis was born at Litiz, Lancaster Co., and is about forty-six years of age. During the war he was connected with the 195th Pennsylvania Volunteers. He came to Lancaster in 1870, and engaged in the planing mill and manufacturing business. WM. L. GILL -Artistic Photographer, No. 19 E. King St. Mr. Gill commenced business in this City in 1857, on West King Street, removing to his present commodious and conveniently arranged apartments in 1859. The building now occupied by him having been formerly the residence of the late Ex-President Buchanan. He occupies as Reception and Operating Rooms the entire third and fourth floors, each 30x50 feet in dimensions, making a specialty of fine work in all departments of the business. His collection of out door views of Natural Scenery and City Structures is very large. Many of the local views in this work were engraved from photographs executed by him. He is also the inventor and patentee of a Movable Cell for Plate Holders, which is now generally used by photographers throughout the country, and also the inventor and manufacturer of Gill's Chromo lntensifier for increasing the printing strength, and its sale consti tutes an important feature of his business. Mr. Gill is a native of Lancaster, born in 1827. Previous to engaging in his present, line of business he occupied the position of Treasurer of the Conestoga Steam Mills. His great-grandfather, Jacob Decker, Esq., in Revolutionary times was the manufac turer of a superior rifle which was used in the American Army. LEDERMAN BROTHERS— Selected Leaf Tobacco, Lemon St. and Arch Alley. Among the large houses engaged in packing tobacco in Lancaster is that of Messrs. Lederman Brothers, which was established about 1872. None but the best selected leaf is purchased and sold by this firm, their business amounting to about 3,000 cases per annum, and employing some 50 hands in the conduct of the business. They employ no patented methods of sweating their tobacco, but use the old method, which is far superior. Their business, is as large as that of any other house in this line, and their trade is principally located in New York City, in which place they began business in 1860. The members of the firm are David, Joseph and Julius Lederman. They have connected with them, as foreman of their packing business, Mr. Levi L. Engle, whose practical experience in selecting and haridling tobacco during 28 consecutive crops has rendered him eminently fitted for the responsible and trustworthy position. CHARLES H. AB/LER.-Hats, Caps and Furs, 39 W. King St. Among the popular merchants of Lancaster is Mr. Charles H. Amer, the well-known hat and cap manufacturer and dealer in furs. He was born in Philadelphia in 1833. After his removal to this city in-1848, he learned the trade with his father, and in 1873 opened his present place of business, in Which he has been successful, enjoying a large trade throughout the city and county. ADAM OHLENDER- Tobacco, Cigars, Pipes, &c. , No. 29 West King street. This is one of the important Tobacco and Cigar establishments in Lancaster, and was started in the year 1869 by the present proprietor, who manufactures quite extensively and employs seven hands. He sells at both wholesale and retail, supplying" many of the smaller dealers in Lancaster and adjoining counties. He also does a fine retail trade, his store being nicely fitted up for this pur pose, and contains a choice stock of Tobacco, Cigars, Pipes, Snuff, &c. Mr. Adam Ohlender was born in Baden, Germany, in 1824, and came to this country in 1847. He is quite popular in Lancaster, and has held the position of School Director for several years. 150 CITY OF LANCASTER. J. R. ROYER.-Wholesale & Retail Confection ery, and Fancy Cake Bakery. 50 & 52 W. King Street. One of the largest and most complete establishments in the State, outside of Philadelphia, engaged in the manufacture and sale of Fine Confectionery, Fruits, Ice Cream and Fancy Cakes, is that of Mr. J. "R. Royer, who _ commenced business in 1866, removing to his present location in 1872, where he occupies the entire four-story structure, 35x245 feet dimensions, as manufactory, salesroom and ice-cream parlors. He also gives special attention to filling orders from dealers, families, hotels, wedding parties, banquets, etc., with the choicest and. most elegant styles of articles pertaining to this line, transacting both a wholesale and retail business, with a trade extending throughout the city and county. Previous to the war Mr. Royer conducted a hotel, and was postmaster at Petersburgli, in this county, and was afterwards Second Lieutenant in the 157th Regt., Penn. Vols. He was subsequently promoted to First Lieutenant in the 191st Regt. P. V.,.and was captured by Mosby's Guerrillas, near Fair fax Court House, in 1864, and taken to Libby Prison, then to Danville, and from there to Macon, Ga., and thence to Charleston, S. C, and was there during the yellow fever. He was exchanged in 1865. As soon as exchanged, Lieut. Royer rejoined Ills regiment, and served up to the close of the war. H. BEdHTOLD.- Real Estate, Ins. Agent and Agent U. B. A. Society, 52 N. Queen. The U. B. Mutual Aid Society of Pennsylvania, of Lebanon, is probably the most popular in this part of the country, conducted on the mutual plan. It was chartered by the Legislature of Penna., on the 11th of March, 1869, and immediately after commencing operations, secured applica tions for membership, to an amount sufficient to enable it to comply with the requirements of the charter. The statement of the Company in each year speaks for itself, and indicates judicious man agement, strict economy, consideration for the insured, and care in the selection of risks, and that the Society is in a prosperous condition. All death losses are paid promptly on application, if there have been no violation of the terms of the policy. The securing and receiving agent of the Society in Lancaster, is Mr. Henry Bechtold, who can usually be found at his Gent's Furnishing, hat and cap, and general notion store, at No. 52 North Queen street. He has been connected with the society for a number of years, and is thoroughly familiar with its operations. The officers of the company are J. B. Stehman; President ; Mr. Geo. A. Mark, Secretary ; Mr. John B. Raub, Treasurer, and Mr. D. S. Early, General Agent. GEO. MARTIN 6c CO.— Rope and Twine Manufacturers. It is an old joke, " Did you ever see a rope walk ? " In Lancaster there is one established a hun dred years ago by Geo. Martin, Sr., whom all citizens will remember as an old veteran of the war of 1812. At his decease, his son, George Martin, took possession, and has since carried it on. The "walk" is seventy yards long, in which rope of all sizes, twines, bed-cords and fishing-lines are made from the best selected hemp or cotton, and spun in an even manner ; a specialty being made of halters. The productions find ready sale in all parts of Lancaster county. Mr. Martin's two sons, Geo. A. and David, who have recently been admitted into the firm, served with much distinction in the late war— the latter in the 122d Reg't Penna. Reserves, and George A. in the 47th Penna. Reg't. Mr. George Martin was born in Lancaster county in 1811. He is a profound and eloquent exhorter in the "Salem Church of God," an enthusiastic and ardent worker in the Sunday-school cause, and a conscientious business man. J. HOOVER-Mfr. of Buggies, Phaetons, Market Wagons, &c, No. 239 West Grant St. The works of Joseph Hoover were established in 1840, and are well and favorably known to the citizens of this county. The building consists of a two story brick and two story frame, divided into the several departments, wood-working, body and smith shop, painting, trimming and finishing departments and warerooms. Particular attention is paid to the selection of material, and every care is displayed in the construction of Buggies, Phaetons, Rockaways, Market Wagons, etc. All work is guaranteed, and the lowest price, conformable to good workmanship, only charged. Repairing receives special attention at his hands, and a stock of coachmaker's and carriage material is always on hand. Born in Lancaster in 1813, he for a number of years, from 1831 to 1840, conducted business in Rohersfown before establishing the business in this city. He is a thorough master of his trade, and understands it in every detail. CITY OF LANCASTER. 151 M. F. STEIGERWALT 6c SON. -Flour, Grain & Coal, No. 234 N. Water St. This house was established in 1878, and occupies a prominent position, arid has a large and grow ing trade. The tracks of the Penna. R. R. run through the vard, thus giving them ample facility for receiving and shipping freights. The premises cover an area of 245x86 feet, on which is a two-story brick building, used for storage purposes. The remainder, with ample shedding, i3 used as a coal yard. They handle only the finest brands of flour, making a specialty of Western, and make a spe cialty of coal of the best quality, carefully screened for family use. Mr. M. F. Steigerwalt is a native of Lancaster. _ In 1855 he was extensively engaged in the coal and ice business, and has also been a prominent builder and contractor, and erected a large number of houses in this city, and was for ten years engaged in the manufacture of coaches, and was a member of council from the fifth ward. His son, E. C. Steigerwalt, was born in 1831, and is an active, courteous business man. A. WETTER 6c CO.-Mfr. Helvetia American Leather for Belting & Leather Belting. The new process of tanning, as known to the firm of A. Wetter & Co., bids fair to revolutionize this important branch of business. Hides by tlieir process can be perfectly tanned in thirty-six hours, and instead of deteriorating enhances the quality of them. For belting and lacing, their leather cer tainly has no superior, and those who are using belts made from leather tanned by their process, claim that they are not liable to stretch, are more durable, and require less power to run them. It is known as the Helvetia American process of tanning, and the firm hold letter patents for the United States, and make an exclusive business of preparing leather for belting and lacing. Their works are located at 520 Poplar St., and consist of two buildings, the larger one being three stories, built of brick, 100 by 50 feet in size. On the first floor of the main building is the beam house, with four large re volving tubs. On the second floor there are also two large revolving tubs, and the firm are about constructing others. On this floor is also the office, and on the third floor is the belt manufactory. All the machinery is of latest improvement, and much of it peculiar to this establishment, driven by a 20 horse-power engine. Twelve hands are constantly employed, and one hundred and fifty hides are pro duced per week. The works are running full time, and such is the demand for their production, that the firm have been compelled to enlarge their works from time to time. Established in 1878, they at that time had a capacity only of twenty-five hides per week. Much of their leather finds a market in Philadelphia, while the demand at home is large. The belting finds ready sale in every section of the United States. Mr. A. Wetter is a native of Germany, and a thorough, practical tanner, and he came to thjs country some twelve years ago. Mr. J. L. Potts, who is a native of Berks County, was for twenty- five years in active business at Coatesville, Penna., manufacturing iron. One year ago he removed to Lancaster to engage in his present calling. EZRA F. LANDIS.— Manufacturer of the Improved Eclipse Fan Blowers, Fan Exhausters, Tire Benders and Scandinavian Padlocks, &c, N. Cherry street north of James street.- Among the numerous and prosperous industrial establishments at Lancaster, is the establishment of Ezra F. Landis, manufacturer of the celebrated Eclipse Fan Blowers for every variety of black smith work, &c, and the Eclipse Fan Exhausters for ventilating mines; Tire Benders, Scandanavian Padlocks; give estimates on engines and boilers from 1J to 100 horse-power, and fine machinery generally. He also manufactures the Landis' Patent Clothes Drier, which has met with unqualified success everywhere. This establishment is located at No. 532 N. Lime street, and extends through to N. Cherry street north of James street, and was established about the year 1874 by the present pro prietor, the main building being about 33x90 feet in dimensions. The Eclipse Fan Blowers are made with either gear or belt, as may be desired, and also with either crank or lever motion. They are of the best material, turn in either direction with a strong, steady blast, and can be set to any smith or forge, and adjusted in any desired position, and are not liable to get out of order. They effect a great saving of time, labor and fuel, and have supplanted the old-fashioned bellows in every direction. To show thbir appreciation it is only necessary to state that Mr. Landis has received testimonials from all quarters of the globe as to their usefulness, while they have taken premiums at the State Fair and other exhibitions where shown. He also manufactures an improved Tuyere Iron, which he furnishes with the blower. One of his chief specialties is the Eclipse Exhaust Fan, for exhausting all the foiil air and smoke from mines, saving time and money to the proprietors, and health to the miners and operators. This fan can be set up anywhere and put to work in a few minutes, and will start a circu lation of air immediately under any circumstances, Mr. Landis also has hundreds of testimonials as to the unequalled merits" of these exhaust fans.. In 1877, Mr. Landis added the manufacture of Scan dinavian or Jail Padlocks to his other productions, and has met with rapid success in the demand which has arisen for those of his manufacture. These locks are made with drilled pipe-keys and shouldered shackles, rendering them water-proof and secure, as the cap cannot be driven off. They are also burglar-proof, as they cannot be picked, each combination being separate and distinct from every other one, and are the best finished and mqst superior jail-locks in the market. At this estab lishment over one thousand of the Eclipse Fan Blowers are manufactured annually, and the trade in these and other articles extends over nearly every quarter of the globe, and he has frequent orders from England, Australia, Mexico and every section of the United States. He is u thoroughly prac tical man, and his long experience in manufacturing his specialties has rendered him remarkably successful in all his undertakings. He is a native of Lancaster county, and has achieved a high reputation. 152 CITY OF LANCASTER. EDGERLEY 6c CO.— Carriage Manufacturers, Market, between Orange & King Sts.. One of the prominent carriage manufacturing establishments in this city is that of Messrs. Edger- ley & Co , located on Market street, between Orange and King streets. This firm do an extensive business, and their building and factory are on a very large scale. They have been actively engaged here for a period of twelve years, and their first-class light work has made their nam* famous both far and near. The factory, office and repository on Market street is a three and a half story brick structure about 60 feet front, and extending back a distance of 92 feet, and is supplied with all the latest improved machinery, and conveniently arranged and well supplied with light and air. In the rear portion of the building the smith shop and forges are situated, the balance of the first floor being used as a repository and ware room and for the office. On the second floor is a large room used for storage; the rear part over the smith shop being used for the wood shop. On the third floor are situated the painting, varnishing, trimming and drying rooms, while the spacious loft, extending over the whole building, is filled with wheels, spokes and Wood slock of all kinds, becoming thoroughly seasoned before being used. A convenient hatchway is located in the centre of the building by means of, which the carriages and stock are raised and lowered to the different floors. This firm buy their lumber in large quantities from the manufacturer, and are particular in its selection and careful to have it thoroughly seasoned before using, and also purchase their axles, springs' and hardware by the quantities. The most seemingly unimportant part of every carriage is critically examined before being adjusted to its place. The number of employees usually ranges from 30 to 40, and the firm do a business amounting to some $50,000 or $60,000 per year. Their business is confined principally to manufacturing buggies, phaetons and light carriages of every description, but all manufacture any sized coaches or carriages to order. Their work is not surpassed by that of any makers in the city, and is not only strong and durable, combined with lightness and weight, but is also made with an eye to beauty and symmetry. Probably there is no better equipped carriage manufactory in ihe State than that of Messrs. Edgerley & Co. The members of the fii-tn are Mr. Edward Edgerley and Mr. John Schaum, both of whom are natives of the city. Mr. Edgerley was captain of Co. K 79th P. V. during the war, and at the present time holds the position of Register of Wills for Lancaster county. .Both gentlemen are pregressive and enterprising, also practical mechanics, having mastered every detail of the business, and are well and favorably known throughout the country. LEVAN 6c SONS-Merchant Millers, Office: 227 N. Prince St. The largest and most thoroughly equipped Flouring Mill in this county, and one which for capa city and superiority of the products will compare favorably with any one in the state, is situated on Conestoga Creek, about one mile south of the city limits, owned and operated by the firm of Levan and Sons. This'business was inaugurated by the present proprietors at the same location in 1870, but the mills have recently been remodeled and enlarged, and important improvements introduced. The main structure is 40 by 155 feet, and four stories in height, equipped with seven run of stones, the motive power for which is supplied by water wheels of the most approved construction. Five hands are employed, and the capacity of the mills is 125 Barrels of flour per day, which find a ready sale in the home market and in Philadelphia. The average annual trade is about $100,000. The principal office and warerooms at No. 227 North Prince Street, are in charge of Mr. S. L. Levan. Mr. George Levan, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Berks county, and was horn in 1817. He has resided in Lancaster county since 1829, and in the city since 1868. Mr. S. L. Levan was born in this county in 1844, and has been a resident of the city since 1863. Mr. Landis Levan is also a native of Lancaster county. CITY OF LANCASTER. 153 JOHN BEST- Steam Engine & Boiler Works, No. 333 East Fulton St. _ While the city of Lancaster has acquired a national reputation as.a manufacturing city, it is doubt ful whether any single individual has contributed more to that end than Mr. John Best, proprietor of the Steam Engine and Boiler Works at No. 333 East Fulton Street. He laid the foundation of this establishment in 1856, beginning with a capital not exceeding $20 in money, but with an indomitable energy and determination to succeed in producing articles pertaining to his chosen line which would compare favorably with those manufactured in any portion of the United States. When he began business his shop rent cost him five cents per day. At the present time the premises occupied by him cover an area of one acre, and consist of numerous buildings erected expressly for the convenience of his now extensive business, fitted up and thoroughly equipped with the most approved machinery and appliances. The Machine Shop is a brick structure, 50x110 feet in dimensions, the second floor of which is used for the storage of patterns. The foundry building, which is two stories in height, is 50x 68 feet in size, and the Boiler Shop 60x100. These buildings are all of brick, and built in the most substantial manner. The warehouse is a two story frame structure, 30x68 feet in dimension, and in ad dition to the buildings above enumerated are several smaller ones, used for the storage of stock and mate rial and for other purposes connected with the business. One twenty horse power engine and boiler drive the machinery, and a force of about eighty men, many of whom are skilled artisans, is regularly employed, at a weekly expense averaging $600. These works, as regards extent, capacity and general equipment will compare favorably with any in the state, and are far ahead of any similar ones in this section. Mr. Best received the highest award at the Centennial Exhibition in 1876, and his boilers and engines are now in successful operation in all the states and territories, as well as in the British posses sions. Mr. Best is a native of Lancaster, and was born in 1822. He resided in this county until he was twenty one years of age, after which he travelled for about fourteen years, visiting many portions of the United States, and gaining a fund of valuable and useful information, which has been of great ser vice to him in his subsequent career. In 1854 he returned to Lancaster and in 1857 established the business in which he has since been so successful. He has made a number of'improvements in ma chinery and appliances pertaining to his line of business, but has taken out no patents. He is a public- spirited and enterprising citizen, and served one term in the City Council. He devotes his entiie at tention and energies to the development of his business, and is also interested in the manufacture of the Eureka Bark and Corri and Cob Mills. JOHN TALCE-Merchant Tailor & Clothier, No. 41 West King street. This gentleman was horn in Lancaster in 1824,' and having learned the business of Merchant Tailoring, he removed in 1840 to Williamstown, this County, where he was employed for a number of years as cutter, and in 1875 he returned to this City and began his present business. He is a thorough, practical Tailor and scientific Cutter, and enjoys the patronage of a large and influential class of customers. HENRY GANSE-Pottery, 526 West King St. This business was established upward of thirty-seven years ago, by Henry Ganse, Sr., who served honorably in' council for a number of years, On his demise, the business came into possession of his son, Henry Ganse, the present proprietor. He makes exclusively earthen ware for dairies, family and gardener's use. These articles find a ready market in Lancaster county, and are much sought after by the farmers. He turns out from $2000 to $2,500 .worth per annum, and gives employment to three hands. Born in Lancaster in 1842, Mr. Ganse learned his trade under the careful tuition of his father. He is an obliging gentleman and esteemed citizen. 154 MOUNT JOY. FRANK "SILLTTTEIT -Dealer in Oysters, Fish, Vegetables, &c, Stand, N. E. EagleJCenlre Square, Lancaster. The business carried on by this popular dealer was established by him in 1875, across the street from where he is now located. In 1877 he removed to his present spacious and commodious quarters under the Northern Market House. Since commencing business he- has been successful, and his ability and energy soon increased and extended his operations so that at the present time his estab lishment takes a front rank among those devoted to dealing in Oysters, Fish, Vegetables, &c, in Lan caster and the surrounding country, and enjoys the confidence of all who deal -with him. B. FRANK SAYLOR'S-Gallery of Photography, 45 W. King St., Lancaster. This Photographic Gallery was first opened to the public in 1863, by Mr. Chas. W. Eberman, who was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1866. It is among the oldest as well as largest and most popular gallery in the city of Lancaster. The parlor is handsomely and tastely furnished with every convenience for patrons, and the operating rooms are fitted up with scenery and the requisite paraphernalia. Every improved invention is brought in use, and every description of work is here performed. Mr. Saylor received a medal from the State Agricultural Society for superior work. Every attention is given to solar printing, agricultural subjects, machinery, buildings, views, etc. He was born in Montgomery County, in 1838, and commenced the study of his art in 1858 ; in 1860 he opened a gallery at 914 Chestnut St., Philadelphia ; afterward engaged by O. H. Willard, as "Poser," at 1206 Chestnut St., and was for a short time at F. S. Keelar, No. 5 S. Eighth St., known as " the Bee Hive," afterward removing to Lancaster, where he has been since engaged in the Photographic Art. FRANKLIN HOUSYe-George Schlott, Proprietor ,1/os. 120 & 122 N. Queen St. This is one of the popular hotels of the city. The building is a three-story brick structure, with a very attractive exterior, and affords accommodations for over one hundred guests. The house is well furnished throughout, and complete in all its appointments. The chambers are large and well ventilated. The bill of fare is excellent, and one of the/eatures of the house. The sample department is supplied with the choicest of foreign and domestic liquors, &o. A fine stable is connected with the hotel, for the accommgdation of country patrons, with stalls for seventy-five horses. The location of the Franklin House is in the centre of the city, and convenient to the depots and markets. Mr. Schlott is energetic, and it is through his excellent management that the Franklin House has become bo pop ular with the traveling public and the best class of citizens in the City of Lancaster. CITY OF MOUNT JOY. The original settlement of this now active and enterprising town was made as far back as the year 1812. It was projected and laid out by Jacob Rohrer, town lots being distributed by lottery, as was the custom in those days in the planting of new towns, as well as in the inauguration of other enterprises. The immediate vicinity of the town is historically memorable and interesting by reason of the fact that it is the spot where some two thousand Federal troops, under command of General Anthony Wayne, were encamped from December, 1777, till the following May. Many of these troops being utterty destitute of blankets, shirts, stockings and shoes, beside other necessaries, were subjected to intense hardships. Situated eighty miles from Philadelphia, twenty-five miles from Harrisburg, and about twelve miles from Lancaster, the present town is an active, prosperous point of business with very considerable mercantile interests, and quite a number of manufacturing enterprises that add very materially to its commercial importance. Among the latter may be mentioned three exten sive factories for the production of agricultural machinery and implements, the manufacture of plows constituting a heavy feature, and the making of carriages and wagons another. The town has a popu lation of 5000 or 6000 inhabitants; five or six churches of representative denominations, two National banks, two newspapers, Cedar Hill Seminary and among other schools, one for, the orphan children of soldiers who perished in the civil war. The country around it is rich in agricultural resources, and thickly settled by a well-to-do, intelligent community of farmers who contribute largely to the material welfare of the town. EXCHANGE HOTEL-J. Wharvell, Proprietor, Mount Joy. This well-known hotel, at Mount Joy, is one of the popular resorts of the place. Mr. Wharvell took possession in April, 1879, and is already widely and favorably known. The " Exchange" is situ ated within a few minutes walk of the railroad depot, and is a large and commodious structure, contain ing twenty-one rooms, well ventilated and lighted, and is exceedingly well adapted to summer' board ing, as many as seventy-five guests frequently enjoying the hospitality of the establishment during the summer season. Well-appointed stables are attached to the hotel for the use of patrons and those who may desire to keep their own teams. The first floor contains the large general parlor, office and dining- room. The sleeping apartments are always'breezy and cool, even in the hottest weather. Mr. Whar vell was born in England, in 1851, and came to America in 1863, and thoroughly understands how to keep a hotel. MOUNT JOY. 155 D. H. ENGEL-Furniture and Undertaker, West Main street, Mount Joy, Pa. The leading establishment of Mount Joy, engaged in the Furniture and Undertaking business, is that of Mr. D. H. Engel, located at 39 West Main street, in the most eligible part of the town. Mr. Engel manufactures and deals in all kinds of Furniture, Cane and Painted Stairs, Spring Beds, Looking Glasses, Picture Frames, &c. In fact he does everything in 'the cabinet-making line and also undertaking, and keeps a splendid hearse for the latter purpose. The business was first started in 1850, by Martin Slickler, and was purchased by the present proprietor in 1874. He now employs twelve hands and manufactures the finest style of furniture, great regard being paid to strength and durability. The walnut chamber sets are handsome specimens, and the library and bed-room suits claim special admiration. The sales-room is a fine large one 24x70 feet, and the factory in the rear is 25x48 feet. It is the largest establishment of the kind in Mount Joy, and most of the: fine residences and homes in this vicinity are furnished from it. The stock, is valued at nearly $10,000. Mr. Engel, the proprietor, is a native of Lancaster county, and was born in 1852. He is an active young business man, and is familiar with the furniture trade in all its details. THE INDUSTRIES OF PITTSBURGH. PUBLISHED BY RICHARD EDWARDS, PHILA. This work is a section of a larger one entitled *' Industries cf Pennsylvania. " and has received the endorsement of his excellency, Gov. H. M. Hoyt, and a recommendation of the Chamber of Commerce of Pittsburgh. It contains a history of our city from its earliest period until now, interspersed with illustrations, maps, statistical tables, and other matters, which render it valuable as » text book to which reference may be easily made and much valuable information gained. It is undoubtedly a work which will find its way into libraries, counting houses, banks, literary societies, and even in private houses, where ofttimes its usefulness lo the student will be made apparent. The particular portion devoted to the Chamber of Commerce, with the tabulated statements follow ing, are worthy to be preserved and frequently studied. The Notes on the Geology of Pittsburgh, by Prof. B. C. Jilson, M- D. Ph. D., is, from a scientific point of view, probably the best contribution to the work, adding infinitely to its value. The coal and coke statistics are very complete ; the iron, steel and glass interests, most fully entered into, whilst the others (matters of statement) add ma terially to its usefulness as a hand-book of industry. Added to this historical and statistical survey, the work touches upon the history and specialty of 800 firms, in every department of trade, whose identity with Pittsburgh interests, entitle them to a place in the industrial enrollment of this city. From these we quote a few descriptions, which will convey to the reader a fair sample of the manner in which the compiler has handled his Subjects -.—Pittsburgh Telegraph, August 21st 1879. ' 156 MOUNT JOY. WOLGEMUTH 6c GEYER-Mfrs. of Agricultural Implements, Mount Joy, Lancaster Co., Pa. The celebrated Separator, made by this firm, is one of the finest machines invented and manu factured, and the improvements added from time to time have made it almost perfect, and its work is of the highest order. The Thresher part is furnished with a pptent dust exhauster, which draws all the dust near the mouth of the machine into the machine, instead of blowing i( out into the face of the feeder, as other machines do. This establishment was founded many years ago by John Snyder, who began in a small way as a manufacturer of Edge Tools. The present proprietors have controlled the business since 1872. The buildings comprise a stone and brick machine shop and foundry 50 by 100 feet, two stories in height ; a paint-shop 80 by 30 feet ; a store-house for patterns, 16 by 15 feet ; and one 16 by 20 feet, used for the same purpose ; there is also an additional foundry 25 by 40 feet, and a smith-shop 16 by 25 feet. Messrs. Wolgemuth & Geyer also manufacture many of the latest improved agricultural implements, such as corn-shellers, horse-powers, corn-planters, &c, and give employment to some twenty hands. They also make Tire-Benders and castings of every description, such as watering troughs, hog troughs, furnaces, barrel and other kettles, cellar grates, mill gearing, shafting1 and pul- lies, and deal in portable engines, as well as steam boilers of any style or size. Stationary engines from 8 horse to any required power, and for any purpose, are manufactured by them, and are of their own design. Their Separator was awarded the first premium by the Dauphin and Cumberland County Agricultural Societies in 1879, and they have many testimonials as to its value from parties at home and abroad, some having been sold as far West as Dakota. The Peerless portable steam engine, built by them, was also awarded the first premium at the Pennsylvania State Fair of 1879, and the Semi-Por table by the Dauphin and Cumberland County Associations in the same year. They manufacture to order and for the trade, and ship their productions to almost.every part of the South and West, besides having a large trade in Lancaster County. They issue circulars free to farmers, giving descriptions and showing the superior advantages of their Separators and agricultural implements. Mr. A. B. Wolgemuth was born in Lancaster County, in 1847, and succeeded his father in 1878. Mr. Geyer is a native of Mount Joy, born ill 1848. MOUNT JOY STEAM FLOURING MILLS-./. M. Brandt, Proprietor. There are several very extensive flouring mills in this county, one of the most prominent of wliich is the Mount Joy Steam Flouring Mill, of which Mr. J. M. Brandt is proprietor. This Mill has be come justly celebrated for the fine brands of flour which are manufactured here, the two finest brands being designated as "The Star of Lancaster," and '' The Mount Joy Steam Flouring Mill." Mr Brandt has been established in the flour and grain business since 1878, and he now does a business of $100,000 per annum. The flour'is sold mostly to Philadelphia, although the trade extends elsewhere. The Mount Joy_ Flouring Mills are of the greatest utility to the surrounding country, while they contribute very materially to the prosperity of Mount Joy by the large amount of money drawn hither by their extensive operations. The buildings comprise "a large four story stone building, 40 by 50 feet, fitted with the best and latest improved machinery, and nine hands are employed. Mr. Brandt was born in Lancaster county, in 1846, and learned the trade of a miller practically in Lancaster, and was a mem ber of the Mount Joy Borough Council in 1876. D. ROOT, SON 6c CO.- Manufacturers of Agricultural Implements, Mount Joy. , One of the thriving establishments in Mount Joy is that of Messrs. D. Root, Son and Co., engaged in the. manufacture of agricultural implements. The business was inaugurated in a small way by D. Root, some thirty-two years ago, and is now one of the most complete establishments, in the county. In 1868, Mr. B, M. Root, his son, was admitted into partnership. In 1877, the firm being reorganized with Mr. B. M. Root, Mr. A. F. Root and Mr. A. B. Root, as partners, who now conduct the busiriess. The buildings comprise a two-storied frame and stone building, together with machine shops and foundry, all of which are fitted up with the latest improved machinery necessary for conducting the business on a large scale. Some of their specialties are the Two-horse Wheel Cultivator, and the "Root" one-horse Expanding Cultivator. For these Cultivators they received a Prize Medal and Diploma from the U. S. Centennial Commission. Their Corn Planter and also their Adjustable Marker and Scraper combined, are both implements which no live farmer can afford to be without. Another specialty of this firm is the " Root" Corn Sheller, which is made either with single or double spout, and the latter also with a Separator. Every description of Plows, including Wrought Iron Bar Share Plows, with Wood Beams and Handles, Cast Iron Plows with Wood Beams and Handles, Sod Plows, Boad and Railroad Plows, Shovel Plows, etc., are manufactured here, and the castings for all kinds are kept on hand, as well as jointers and Steel Sod Cutters for the Wrought Iron Plows. All of the Shares used on these Plows are made with Refined Steel Wings, which wear longer and clean better than Iron, and can be laid by any blacksmith. In addition to the above, they also manufacture Harrows and Clipper Expanding Cultivators, German and Cast Steel Shovel Plow Blades, Cultivator Points, and furnish any kind of agricultural Steels to order and of any desired shape. About forty hands are employed in the works, and the annual business amounts to $50,000. At the Agricultural Fair of the Pennsylvania State Agricultural Society in 1879, they received awards for the best Horse Plows and Double Shovel Plows. Mr. D. Root was born in 1794, and died in 1877, at the advanced age of eighty-three, having lived a life of active usefulness. His sons, Messrs. B. M A. F and his nephew A. B. Root, were born in 1840, 1844 and 1853 respectively, and are keeping up'the hi°h repu tation for their manufactures which was established by the father. or MOUNT JOY. 157 RED LION HOTEL -Jno. B. Shelly, Proprietor, 88 & 90 East Main St. This hotel is a noted resort for boarders and travelers, being provided with ample accommodations, and has been favorably known as a hostelry for nearly one hundred years. Mr. Jno. B. Shelly has conducted it since 1864. The building is in the old style of architecture, and is built of frame and two stories in height, and is 50x170 feet in size, and contains on the first floor the office, parlor and dining-room, together with a well-stocked sample department. The house contains about eighteen chambers, which are large and well ventilated. The cuisine is most excellent, and nothing is left un done which will contribute in the smallest degree to the comfort of the guests. Mr. Shelly was born in Lancaster county, in 1827, and from 1861, until taking possession of the '¦ Red Lion," in 1864, was engaged in the business in Lebanon. He is a prominent citizen in the borough, and was a member of the Mount Joy Borough Council for a period of three years, a position which he ably filled. THE LANDIS COACH :.WORE.S^l~L^dis7Aj'tMounTjoy, Pa. One of the best coach manufacturing establishments in the country is that known as The Landis Coach Works at Mount Jov, which were established in 1824, at East Hampfield, by Christopher Landis, father of Mr. A. B.'Landis. In 1857 they were removed to Mount Joy, and now occupy a commodious brick and stone building 80 x 80 feet in size, and two stories in height with an addi tional building in the rear, which is occupied as a smith shop and engine room. The first floor of the main building is used as a repository, where are displayed phaetons, light rockaways, and also light buggies, both crush-top and plain, all of which are gotten up in the most elaborate manner, and upholstered in the best style. The second floor is devoted to the wood-shop, painting, trimming and finishing rooms. A number of skilled mechanics are employed in all departments, and the building is supplied with the latest improved machinery. The building is heated by steam, and lighted with gas, and steam power has been introduced in doing a large "portion of the work Every kind of car riage is made to order, and his large local trade consumes one-half of his manufacture, the other half being sold south' and south-west, in which sections " The Landis Coach Works" are well known For twenty years past Mr. Landis has made a specialty of manufacturing hearses of every style and grade, which, it is'safe to say, are not surpassed by any made in the country. Some ot these are built for hilly countries, and have a concealed brake, which locks both wheels with the pressure of one foot He was awarded a silver medaj and the first and second premiums at. the Lancaster County Agricul tural 1871 received three bronze medals from the Pennsylvania State Agricultural Society. three years of age, and began business in 1843, succeeding his father. CITY OF COLUMBIA. Situated on the east bank of the Susquehanna River, twenty-nine miles from Harrisburg, and ten from Lancaster, the city of Columbia is one of the most charmingly located places in Lancaster County, and in itself one of the most beautiful and interesting of all the towns in this attractive sec tion. It was first settled in the Autumn of the year 1726, by a knot of influential Quakers, Robert Barber, John Wright and Samuel Blunston, of Chester, with their families, taking up 1000 acres of land. - Many of the lineal descendants of these settlers are now living here. The town grew rapidly from the start, presently numbered among its citizens some of the most active and substantial business men in the State, and, for many years prior to the era of canals and railways, was confessedly one of the most thriving inland towns of Pennsylvania. The quantity of lumber annually handled at this point was simply enormous, and it is still the principal point in this section whence lumber is rafted down the Susquehanna, while other important industries have sprung up to sustain and add to its commercial distinction. Its railroad facilities are peculiarly advantageous. On the Columbia branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad, at its junction with the York branch, the city is eighty:one miles west of Philadelphia, is the southwestern terminus of the Reading and Columbia R. R., and the northern terminus of the Columbia and Port Deposit R. R. The Susquehanna River, which is a mile wide at this point, is spanned by a handsome and substantial railroad bridge, connecting Columbia with Wrightsville. The city has now a population of about 8000, with thirteen churches representing all the principal denominations, twenty public schools, two National and three State banks, three weekly newspapers and all the appointments and improvements naturally demanded by a prosperous and progressive people. Its advantages for manufacturing purposes are being made available in the operation of two rolling mills, two iron furnaces, a brewery, manufactories for steam engines, railroad iron, bar iron and machinery, slate mantels, flour, lumber, sash, doors, blinds, &c. The surround ing country is remarkable for the varied and beautiful scenery which characterizes it as well as for the fertility and productiveness of its soil. The citizens of Columbia are thrifty, generous, intelligent and hospitable. EDWARD N. SMITH— Lumber Dealer, Office & Yard, on Wharf near Union. One of the most complete establishments dealing in lumber and provided with a first-class plan ing-mill, in Columbia, is that of Mr. Edward N. Smith. The mill is a large two-story building, 35 by 48 feet, substantially built of brick, and was erected in 1879, and is supplied with all of the latest improved labor-saving machinery, driven by a 20-horse power engine. The first floor is used for planing and heavy work, and the second for manufacturing packing boxes and tobacco cases, which are made a specialty of. The yard is 300 by 200 feet in dimensions, and a large stock is kept con stantly on hand, comprising White Pine and Hemlock lumber, Shingles, Lath, Pickets, Yellow, White Pine and Hemlock Flooring, Siding, &c. All kinds of bill stuff is gotten out to order as well as mouldings of every variety. Fifteen hands are employed, and the wholesale trade, which is rapidly increasing, extends all over the Eastern States; 2,000,000 feet of lumber and a large amount of' build ers' materials being shipped annually. He also has a large local trade in Columbia and vicinity, and is able to compete with any similar establishment in Pennsylvania. The business was established by him in 1876. He is a native of Schuylkill County, and although quite a young man, has been elected to serve in the Borough Council of Columbia, and is now a member of that body. He has an able assistant in the business, in the person of his book-keeper and salesman, Mr. J. Koch. EZRA SMEDLEY-Manufacturer of the Pratt & Smedley Horse Rake, &c, &c. In reference to the manufacture of Horse Rakes and other Agricultural Implements, as well as Light Buggies, Carriages and Coaches, the manufactory of Ezra Smedley ranks among the most im portant of Lancaster Co. He manufactures the " Pratt & Smedley Hqrse , Rake," the best rake in use among farmers, containing twenty teeth in each rake, and to which the improvements added from time to time have made it almost perfect. His business establishment was founded a number of years ago. Mr. Smedley has been connected wilh it since 1856, and has had sole possession since 1876. The buildings comprise four different structures, including a machine shop, built of brick, 60x80 feet in size, and three stories in height; a building 30x50 feet in size where the teeth for the rakes are shaped and fitted, and the tires placed upon the wheels; and a building containing ,the office, store room for carriages, sleighs and light farm wagons; and another used for painting, trimming and finishing, and also having large rooms in the second and third floors for storage purposes. The whole occupying a lot with a frontage of 120 feet, extending back to a distance of 300 feet. Improved agri cultural implements of many kinds including the " Smedley Improved Self-Discharging Rake," Plows, Harrows, Hay Cutters, &c, together] with light two-seated Wagons with the celebrated Whitney Springs, Buggies with and without tops, Dog and Milk Wagons, &c, are manufactured to order arid for the trade, and ships implements to every part of the country. He issues circulars free to farmers, giving descriptions, and showing the superior advantages of his rakes and other implements. Every thing manufactured by Mr. Smedley is guaranteed, and is made of the best material and by competent workmen. He is a practical man himself, and thoroughly understands his business. While running on full time some 80 or 90 hands are employed, and a 20-horse power engine is used to drive the machinery. He is a native of Chester county, having been born in Williamstown township, where he still resides, although engaged in business in Columbia. CITY OF COLUMBIA. 159 JACOB ROTHSCHILD-/7«0 Boots and Shoes for Ladies and Gentlemen, Among those dealing in boots and shoes, both machine and hand-made, in Columbia, Jacob Rothschild is most prominent. He began business March 1st, 1880, and keeps a full stock, embracing almost every variety of ladies', gents' and children's boots and shoes, which, for style, beauty and durability, cannot be surpassed. The store is well arranged and conveniently fitted up for the display of goods, and every article sold is warranted to be exactly as represented. Mr. Kothschild is a native of Germany, and came to the United States in 1869, locating in Columbia shortly after his arrival. PERROTTET 6c HOYT-Columbia Foundry & Machine Works, Bridge and Commerce Streets. In reviewing the manufacturing establishments, of Columbia, that of Messrs. Perrottet & Hoyt, known as the Columbia Foundry and Machine Works, in the particular branch of trade with which it is identified, is one of the most important, both on account of the magnitude of its business, and the amplitude of its facilities, and the quality of its products. The foundry was first established in 1833, and was long known as the "Old Columbia Foundry," the present proprietors taking possession in 1871. They were compelled to remove their works in the following year to make room for improve ments by the Penna. R. R. Co., and built entire new shops on a much enlarged scale, and greatly in creased the facilities, as well as the means and appliances for the extensive manufacture and building of Gas Works, Apparatus, Blast Furnace, Rolling-Mill and Ore Bank Work, Steam Engines, Castings, both Iron and Brass, and general machinery. They also manufacture machinery for making Sugar, which, with the Gas Works Apparatus and furnace and rolling-mill work, are their chief specialties. They occupy two large buildings, one of which, 60 by 40 feet in size to two arid a half stories high, is used for the manufacture of maehinery, with a pattern shop and blacksmith shop in the rear, and the other, 75 by 33 feet, is used as the foundry. They also have a large pattern store-room, and occupy an acre of ground with their buildings and yard room. The machine shop is furnished with machi nery of the best devices, and is driven by a 25-horse power engine. The foundry is thoroughly fitted for the heaviest as well as the smallest work, having cranes and conveniences for turning out casting, weighing over four tons, and withthree brass furnaces attached, capable of turning out castings of 500 lbs. weight. From 35 to 40 operatives, most of whom are expert mechanics, are employed by the firm, whose trade reaches all parts of the United States and to the West Indies. They have built Gas Works Apparatus forNevada, and still later works of the largest size for Baltimore, and jdo a large business in supplying sugar machinery to Cuba. Both members of the firm, Mr. James Perrottet and Mr. Wm. J. Hoyt were long connected with Messrs. Merrick & Sons' Southwark Foundry of Philadelphia, before locating in Columbia. Both gentlemen are practically familiar with the business, Mr. Perrot tet having served his apprenticeship with the above firm, and was afterwards sent by them to Louisi ana and Cuba to erect and superintend the working of their machinery and sugar boiling apparatus on sugar plantations, where he remained some 15 years, earning the highest reputation as a first-class mechanic and engineer. Mr. Hoyt, who is a mechanical engineer, also engaged as a journeyman ma chinist with the same firm in 1850, but his abilities soon procured advancement to most responsible positions, and he continued with the firm until they sold their works. The mechanical departments are under the superintendence of Mr. Perrottet, Mr. Hoyt assuming all duties appertaining to the office, furnishing estimates, correspondence, &c. The operations of the house conducted by these gen tlemen demonstrate in. 'their success the wisdom of the policy by wliich it is guided, and have secured the esteem and confidence of the trade and the general public. 160 CITY OF COLUMBIA. H. S. HERSHEY-Manufacturer of Segar Boxes, Factory on Market St. The manufacture of segar boxes is extensively carried on at this establishment. The factory is a large three-story brick building 24 x 100 feet, and is supplied with the latest improved machinery, which is run by steam power. This lumber is purchased in the log, and cut to the proper thickness by the parties who furnish it. the sawing and ripping being done at his own factory. The cedar used is bought in New York, and the poplar in West Virginia. About ten hands are employed, and the trade extends throughout Lancaster and Chester Counties. Mr. Hershey is a native of Lancaster County, and has been located in Columbia since 1846, and was engaged in carriage manufacturing before entering into the making of segar boxes. He was elected to the Borough Councils on three occasions, and is popular in the community. T.C.SNYHER-Candy Manufacturer, N.W. Cor. Third and Walnut Streets. This is the oldest house in Columbia engaged in the wholesale and retail_ confectionery and ice cream business, and is the only one whose candies are manufactured. The business was started by the father-in-law of Mr. Snyder, half a century ago, Mr. Snyder taking possession about sixteen years ago. Three years ago he built the fine structure which he now occupies, which is 24 X 76 feet. In the rear of the store is a large saloon, furnished in elegant style, and for the accommodation of customers. The candies are made of the purest and best materials, and no adulterations are indulged in. Ice cream is made a specialty, and is delivered free of charge to families, piq-nics, festivals and fairs, by the gallon or churn., from 300 to 500 quarts being made pei day. Mr. Snyder is a native of Philadel phia, and has been in business in Columbia since 1864. J. W. STAUTTER-Dealer in Wines and Liquors, 11 N. Front St. ' The name of J. W. Stauffer has been connected with the wine and liquor interests of Columbia since 1877, and he is so well known that an introduction to the establishment is scarcely necessary, The be«t of everything in this line is always on hand. He knows the wants of his customers, and makes it liis special business to conform thereto. His store is well arranged, and contains a^large and valuable stock of the choicest selected wines and liquors, which are unapproachable in quality, and he enjoys-a splendid local trade in Columbia and vicinity. He is a native of Lancaster County,. and was born in 1836. During the war'he was connected with the First Pennsylvania Artillery, and participated in many hard-fought battles, and was also engaged yin business at Williamsport before coming to Columbia. i ' JOHN FENDRICH-7b6t7CC0, Snuff and Cigar Manuf.r cor. Front and Locust Sts. This immense business was established in 1855 by Messrs. Fendrich Brothers, as a branch of their Baltimore house, which was originated in 1847. The firm at that time consisted of Joseph, Charles, Francis, Herman and John Fendrich. In 1864 the younger brother, John Fendrich, bought out the Columbia branch, and has since conducted it. The buildings consist of a large leaf-packing house, a segar manufactory, and a warehouse. From 300 to 1500 cases of the finest leaf-tobacco is packed annually. In the warehouse from 15 to 20 hands are employed during the packing season, and from 45 to 50 hands are constantly empioyed in the manufactory. Mr. Fendrich deals in Havana, Seed and Pennsylvania Leaf, all of the best grades, which he ships to all parts of the United States. He handles upwards of three to five million pounds of tobacco, and transacts as heavy a business in this line as any house in Pennsylvania. His popular brands of segars are the "Gem" and "Big Gun," besides the "Royal Seal," "Arkansas Traveller," and a hundred others. Mr. Fen drich was horn in Baltimore in 1834, and came to Columbia in 1855. He is a Director in the First National Bank of Columbia, and is one of the largest holders of real estate in Columbia. McBRIDE 6c MAULFAIR-Columbia Flour and Feed Mills. This is an extensive and prominent industry, carried on by Messrs. McBride and Maulfair in the Columbia New Process Mills, stauding on the site of the old Shawnee Mill, which was established in provincial times. The mill was remodeled by Messrs. McBride & Hand in 1879, Dr. Hand retiring in the early part of 1880, and Mr. Maulfair taking his place in the firm. The mill is a large four-story brick structure, 42 X 50 feet in size, and has a capacity of some 100 barrels of flour per day, besides grinding large quantities of feed of all kinds. It is located on the bank of the Susquehanna, and is supplied with a large Turbine wheel for water-power, and also with a forty-five horse-power steam engine in addition, and has four run of burrs. The near proximity of the mill to the tracks of the Pennsylvania and Reading railroads, and to the waters of the Susquehanna, give th« firm trans portation facilities that are unsurpassed. Dr. McBride is a native of Bridgeton, New Jersey, where he was born in 1842. He studied medicine and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1865; and was an Assistant Surgeon in the U. S. Army during the war, being stationed at the prison hospital, at Newport News. Mr. Maulfair was born in Lebanon County in 1832, and is a practical miller, having begun the business at an early age some twenty-five years ago. CITY OF COLUMBIA. 161 M. F. STEVENSON— Groceries and Provisions, N. E. Cor. Third and Walnut Sts. The stock at this establishment is very complete, and embraces fancy groceries, canned goods, teas, provisions, and every kind of fruits in season. This business was commenced here about April 15th, 1879, and a large trade has been established in the city and vicinity. The store is commodious, and the location excellent ; and probably no other house can show a better assortment of pure, fresh and clean goods. Mr. Stevenson is a native of Duncannon, Perry Co., and has been in Columbia since 1873. JOHN B. BACHMAN-Lumber Merchant-BACHMAN 6c FORRY, Proprs. of Susquehanna Planing Mill, On Wkarj \ Front Street below Locust. 'mBm&i As a representative house, and one of the largest and most progressive in the lumber business in Columbia, that of Mr. John B Bachman is most prominent. Mr. Bachman commenced business in 1851. In the Spring of 1880 he associated with him Mr. John D. Forry, under the firm name of Bachman & Forry, in that part of the business carried on in the Planing Mill, retaining a sole inte rest in the lumber business. This planing mill is one of the best constructed and arranged in this section, and is thoroughly equipped and complete in all its appointments. The lumber yard contains fully three acres in area, and is finely located, the facilities for shipment, by river and canal, to the extensive wharves of the property, being a decided advantage over railroad .transportation, he yard is kept well stocked with seasoned lumber of all kinds, embracing white, Carolina and Georgia pine, hemlock1 joists, boards and scantling, white pine and cypress shingles, flooring, roofing and plastering lath,' pickets, weather-boarding, &c, a=h, cherry, poplar and walnut lumber. _! here is also a building devoted to the manufacture of tobacco cases, and three or four other buildings and shedding for the storing of lumber. At the Planing Mill large quantities of Sash, Doors, Blinds, Shutters, Window and Door Frames, Casing, Brackets, Moulding, &c, are turned out The trade in both departments extends in every directi6n. The business is thoroughly systematized, Mr. Bachman attending to the lumber-yard, and Mr. Forry to the manufacturing department. Both gentlemen are natives of Lancaster Co. Mr. Bachman for a number of years served in the Borough Councils. CHARLES GROVE— Wholesale Dealer in Wines and Liquors, ,"^"',™"""*J"" *-"¦"' w " ¦** 119 Wa-lnvt and 102 Commerce Streets. Mr Charles Grove has been engaged in dealing in Old Rye Whiskies, -both at wholesale and retail, together with foreign and domestic Wines and Liquors, since 1861. He was born in Berks County, and came to Columbia in 1835. He is also a large and extensive manufacturer jind dealer .in cigars, which he manufactures for the trade, and sells in large quantities to Philadelphia, as well as through Lancaster and adjoining counties. All brands of pure rye whisky, from one to ten years old, are klpt constantly on hand, and warranted as pure and equal in quality to any in the county. Mr. Grove owns the building which he occupies, which has a frontage on Walnut Street of 28 feet, and extends back on Commerce Street to a depth of 190 feet. He is an excellent man of business. 162 CITY OF COLUMBIA. BLACK'S HOTEL-Columbia, Pa., J. P. Batt, Proprietor. - It is an incontrovertible fact that in no country on the face of the globe are the accommodations for travellers equal to those of the United States. Americans returning from foreign travels all tell the same tale of the inferiority of the hotels, restaurants and cafe3 to be found in aU European coun tries. The go-ahead energetic nature of our people keeps thousands of them "on the wing?' continur ally, in search of business or pleasure, thus producing a constantly increasing demand for first-class accommodations not felt by anv other nation. Among the first-class hotels in Lancaster County, that of Mr. J. P. Batt, known as "Black's Hotel," and located opposite the P. R. R. Depot in Columbia, deserves more than a passing notice. The building is a four-story brick structure, with a very attractive exterior, and affords accommodation for over one hundred guests. The.parlors.are elegantly furnished on the first floor and easy of aecess. The entrance for ladies to the reception parlor is on Front Street. The sleeping apartments are well ventilated, and the whole house kept in admirable order. The dining-room is on the first floor, and the inner man. can be refreshed without taking many weary steps. The accommodations for families are excellent. The location of the hotel is very con venient. The same department is a perfect specimen of good taste, order and adaptation of means to ends. The bill of fare is excellent, and the epicurean features of the house are among its princi pal attractions. The proprietor, Mr. J. P. Batt. is too well versed in a management of this nature to forget the necessaries attending a hotel, and his career bids fair to be a prosperous and profitable one. He is progressive and fully up to the times, and it is through his executive ability and excel lent management that "Black's Hotel" has become so popular with the citizens of Columbia and the travelling public. JNO. SHENBERGER & SON-Dealers in W7% Furniture & Carpets, No. 254 Locust Street The buildings occupied by Messrs. Shenberger & Son are two in number; the main building built of brick is three stories in height and 17 by 96 feet in size. All of this is used for the display of furniture, while the building in the rear, a two story structure, and about the same size as the main building, is used as the manufactory. The various styles of furniture shown here are very neat, and the finish is of supe rior quality, great regard being paid to strength and dura bility. The walnut chamber sets are handsome specimens, and the library and bedroom suits claim special admiration. The utmost care is taken to, have every article perfect, and every piece of furniture turned out at the establishment is well and carefully made. They employ a number of competent arti sans, and everything is of the most approved workmanship, to secure which neither pains nor expense are spared. Under taking is another branch of the business which is made a specialty by them, and they have every facility for giving satisfaction in this department. They also do an extensive business in carpets, of which they keep a well selected stock of Brussels, Tapestry, Ingrain, &c, on hand at all times. Their trade extends throughout Lancaster and York Counties. Mr. John Shenberger is a native of the latter county, while his son and partner, Mr. W. H. Shenberger, was born in Columbia. They are both practical men in the business, and familiar with every detail of it. They are held in high estimation in the community where they reside, and Mr. Jno.. Shenberger was Chief Burgess of Columbia at one time for a period of one year. This is one of the oldest houses in Columbia, having been established thirty years ago. G* 5' REDSECKER'S-Z/wrj/, Sated Exchange Stables, No. 138 Walnut Street. Mr. Redsecker is the successor of Mr. Hershey, who was engaged in the business one year and a half before Mr. Redsecker took possession of the business in 1876. The stables are extensive and have accommodations for 2o horses, The turn-outs from these stables are among the finest seen on the thoroughfares of Columbia; the horses being well kept, gentle and excellent driving animals. Com petent and reliable drivers are sent with teams when requested. Mr. Redsecker owns a number of fine buggies phaetons, and other light and heavy carriages for one or two horses, which are made by the best makers, and comfortable and easy to ride in. The stablis are adjacent to Black's Hotel and the Pranklin House, and receive a large share of custom from the patrons of those houses. Mr Red secker is a native of Lancaster County, having been born at Marietta. He was engaged in the livery business at Marietta before coming to Columbia, and thoroughly understands it in its minutest particulars. CITY OF COLUMBIA. 163 J. L. PINKERTON-5oofe, Shoes and Notions, 228 Locust St., opp. Col. Nat'! Bank. _ In Columbia, the finest assortment of Boots and Shoes, and a full line of the latest novelties in notions of every description can be found at the establishment of Mr. J. L. Pinkerton, opposite the Columbia National Bank. He inaugurated this business in 1869, and has occupied his present loca tion since 1876. The stock of boots and shoes for ladies, gentlemen and children are unexcelled ; and no more complete or varied assortment of notions Can be found in the County, the store-room being stocked to repletion with these varied goods. Mr. Pinkerton served during the war with the "emer gency" men, and also in the 195th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers in the Army of the Potomac. He is a native of Chester County, and came to Columbia in 1863, and now holds the office of Notary Public, by appointment from the Governor of the State. FRANKLIN HOUSE ,/. A. Slade, Proprietor, 141 and 143 Locust St. One of the principal hotels in Columbia is the Franklin House, which has been a hotel for over forty years, and conducted by Mr. Slade since March 1st, 1875. It is located on the principal street in the borough, and convenient to the railroad depots, and is a noted desirable resort for travellers, and for citizens during the sumtuet months, being provided with ample accommodations. The build ing is as large as any, and strictly first-class in all of its appointments. The table is supplied with all the delicacies of the season, and cantains accommodations for over fifty guests. Ample stable accommodations are provided for customers from the country, and elegant turn-outs are furnished for summer-boarders and guests at low rates. The chief clerk, Mr. John Barr, is genial and obliging. Mr. Slade is a native of Baltimore, and is fifty-one ^tears of age, and formerly kept the Marietta Railroad House before coming to Columbia. He is well known throughout the County. JOHN WESTERMAN-/Vo/>. Wagner's Hotel, cor. Third and Locust Sts. Wagner's Hotel, of which Mr. John Westerman is proprietor, has been a well-known hostelry for over a hundred years. He took possession on August 4th, 1879. Its location is in the centre of the town, directly opposite to the Opera House, and near the railroad depots, and is a large three- story building containing twenty rooms, and accomrriodations for forty or fifty guests. There is also a fine yard and good stabling. The parlors are located on the second floor, and the whole building is furnished in elegant and comfortable style throughout, and contains every convenience that experience can suggest. The table is always provided with seasonable delicacies, and the house has become pro verbial for its sumptuous fare. The sample department contains wines and liquors from the choicest stocks, and is a model in every respect. Mr. Westerman was born in Lancaster county. COLUMBIA NURSERY-5. H. Purple, Columbia, _ Lancaster Co., Pa. ~ One of the most successful nurserymen in Eastern Pennsylvania is Mr. S. H. Purple of Columbia. He has been engaged in business since 1860, at which time he bought out the nurtery of Samuel W. Mifflin. The nursery is situated north of the borough, and contains some thirty-six acres. Here he has five green houses, averaging 20 x 50 feet each, the whole being under abput 7,500 square feet of glass. , He also has cold frames for keeping some varieties of flowers through the winter and for raising vegetable plants, and which are under about the same amount of glass. His sales'hbuse is located on Third Street, north of Chestnut, and is 40 x 90 feet in size, and kept filled with 'a choice selection of the finest roses and flowers and ornamental plants. His office and handsome residence adjoin it. He also has a brick-yard adjoining the nursery, and also a dairy, where he keeps some twenty cows, and employs from 15" to 50 hands, according to the season of the year. Mr. Purple is a native of New York State, and'came to Columbia at the time he began business here. During the war, and at the time of the raid into Pennsylvania, he raised a cavalry company and bore a large share of the expense. W. F. MAULICK-£/'vler, Bowers & Hurs:, Dry Goods, Lancaster..-..: 126 Goodman, J. G., Segar Manufacturer, Lancaster 135 Gornecht, Reilly 4 Keller, Coal, Lancaster Ill Graham, Dana, Manufacturer Combr, Lancaster 122 Greene, C. A., D,r.. Omnipathic Physician, Lancaster..l32 Grove, Charles, Wines and Liquors, Columbia 161 Gundaker, H., Notions, 4c, Lancaster 145 Haberbush, M.. Harness Manufacturer, Lancaster... .,129 Hager & Bro., Dry Goods, Lancaster 120 Haldy, Lewis, Marble Yard, Lancaster 110 Heinitsh, Chas. A., Druggist, Lancaster 124 Heinitsh, Walter A.. Furniture, Lancaster l:-(0 Heistand Abe, Proprietor Stevens House, Laneaster.,132 Heitshu, Dan. H., Druggist, Lancaster , 141 Hensel, Geo. O., Florist, Lancaster 134 Herr, L. B., Pianos, Lancaster 142 Hershey, H. S., Segar Box Manufacturer, Columbia... 160 High & Martin, China, &c, Lancaster 131 Hoffmeier, A. K„ Furniture, Lancaster 131 Hoover, J., Carriage Builder, Lancaster v 150 Hoover, John J., Carriage Builder, Lancaster 137 Horting, John, Wines and Liquors, Lancaster 145 Houston, R. J. Wholesale Notions, Lancaster 147 Hnbley, Alfred A., Druggist, Lancaster 130 Hull, Geo. W.. Druggist, Lancaster .' 128. Knapp, Charles, Grocer, Lancaster 130 Knapp, Lawrence, Brewer, Lancaster 125 Kulp, D. H„ Castings, 4c, Lancaster 142 Laucaster Coach Works, Norbeck & Miley, Lane 147 Lancaster Commercial College 130 Lancaster Organ Manufactory, Alex. McKillip, Propr..l23 Lancaster Planing MiJIs/Urban & Burger, Proprs 136 Lancaster Union Agricultural Works, Lancaster 138 Lancaster Watch .Co., Lancaster H| Landis Coach Works, (The) Mt. Joy 157 Landis, Ezra F., Eclipse Fan Blowers, Lancaster 151 Landis, Levi K., Machinist, Lancaster .'.124 Lebzelter, Philip, Eagle Spoke Works, Lancaster 141 Lederman Bros,, Leaf Tobaccos, Lancaster 149 Levan & Sons, Merchant Millers, Lancaster 152 Locher, C. A., Druggist, Lancaster 114 Loeb, Julius, Wholesale Notions, Lancaster 129 Loeb, Wm., Fancy Good's, Lancaster 148 McBride & Maulfair, Flour Mills, Columbia....: 160 McKillip, Alex., Lancaster Organ Factory, Lane 123 Manby, Wm. H., Music, Lancaster .'. 121 Martin, Geo. & Co., RopeManufacturer, Lancaster 160 Maulick, W. F., Pharmacy, Columbia 163 Mercer, J. Q, Doors and, Sash, Lancaster 141 Mettfelt, Frank, Produce, 'Lancaster 154 Miley, Amos, Harness Maker, Lancaster.. ¦ 143 Milter, L., Mrs., Soap Manufacturer, Lancaster 139 Miller, S. Clay, Liquors, Lancaster 128 Mt. Joy Steam Flouring Mills, Mt. Joy 156 Myers 4 Rathvon, Tailors, Lancaster 138 Nimlow, Jas. A', Segar Manufacturer, Lancaster 133 Noot, Philip C, Agent Reading M. A. A., Lancaster. ...143 Norbeck & Miley, Coach Works, Lancaster.... 147 Ohlender, Adam, Segars, Lancaster 149 Peacock & Thomas, Conestoga Furnace, Lancaster. ...121 Penn Iron Co., Lancaster 112 Perrottet & Hoyt, Machine Works, Columbia. : 159 Pinkerton, J. L., Boots and Shoes, Columbia 163. Power, H. H., Proprietor City Hotel, Lancaster 145 Purple, S. H., Nursery, Columbia .-.163 Rathvon & Fisher, Tailors, Lancaster 141 Reading Mutual Aid Association of Pa., Lancaster 143 Red Lion Hotel, John B. Shelly, Proprietor, Mt. Joy.,157 Redsecker, G. 8., Livery, Columbia 162 Reece, C. A., Boots and Shoes, Lancaster 129 Ringwalt, Amos, Harness Maker, Lancaster 146 .Rhoads, A.. Jeweler. Lancaster 129 Rhoads, H. Z. 4 Bro., Jeweler, Lancaster 137 Rohrer, A. D 4 Bros , Florists, Lancaster 127 Rohrer. Jer, Wines and Liquors, Lancaster...: 110 Root, D. 4 Son, Manfrs. Agrl. Implements, Mt. Joy.... 150 Rotharmel, Jacob, Brush Manufacturer, Lancaster. ...143 Rothschild, Jacob, Boot and Shoe Maker, Columbia...l59. Rote. & Sons, Undertakers, Lancaster 144 Royer, J. R , Confectioner, Lancaster 150 Rudy, Philip, Harness Maker, Lancaster 113 Russel & Shulmyer, Coal, Lancaster 122 Ruth, F. 4 Co., Grocers, Lancaster 130 Sansom, Joseph, Brush Manufacturer, Lancaster 146 Saylor, B. Frank, Photographer, Lancaster 154 Schaeffer, E. M. 4 Son, Trunks, Lancaster 128 Schlott, Geo., Proprietor Franklin House,, Lancaster..l.54 Schnader, R. K., Segar Manufacturer, Lancaster Ill Schroyer, G. W. Escholl Nurseries, Lancaster 114 Sener, G. 4 Sons, Lumber and Coal, Lancaster 123 Shank, H. B , Shirt Manufacturer, Lancaster 140 Shaub 4 Burns, Boots and Shoes, Lancaster 143 Sheaffer, A. B , Distiller, Lancaster... :. 115 Sheetz, E. M., Snow Flake Candy, Lancaster 141 Shenberger. John & Son, Furniture, Columbia... .162 Shreiner, B. Z , Music Lancaster 140 Shreiner, H. M.. Jeweler, Lancaster 121 Shultz Bros., Hats and Caps, Lancaster 146 Slaymaker, H. E., Wines, Lancaster 133 Smaling, J. K., Tailor, Lancaster 131 Smedley, Ezra, Manufr. Horse Rakes. Columbia 158 Smith, Edward N., Lumber, Columbia 158 Smith, Sher., Segars, Lancaster n2 Snyder, F. C, Candy Manufacturer, Columbia 160 Sprecher, Wm. D. 4 Son, Agrl. Implements, Lane 125 Stauffer, J. W., Wines and Liquors, Columbia 160 Stehman, H. L., Segar Manufacturer, Lancaster 118 Steigerwalt, M. F. 4 Son, Flour and Grain, Lane; 151 Steinhauser, F. J., Pianos, 4c, Lancaster 14-' Steinman, Geo. M. 4 Co., Hardware, Lancaster 120 Stevens House, Abe Hiestand, Proprietor, Lane 132 Stevenson, M. F„ Grocer, Columbia 161 Stormfeltz, J. P., Sash, Doors, 4c, Lancaster 149 Sturgis, F. O , Planing Mill, Lancaster '149 Tripple, CD., Proprietor Cooper House, Lancaster....l33 Vollmer, Fredk., Furniture, Lancaster 115 Wagner's Hotel, John Westerman, Propr., Columbia..l63 Weidler 4 Ma*ser, Lancaster Com. College. Lane 130 Westerman, John, Propr. Wagner's Hotel, Colurnbia..l63 Westhaeffer, J. A., Bookseller, Lancaster.. . 115 Wetter, A. 4 Co., Helvetia American Leather, Lane."l51 Widmyer 4 Ricksecker, Upholsterers. Lancaster 124 Wolgemuth 4 Geyer, Mfis. Agrl. lmplmts.,Mt. Joy:..15« Yergey. H. F., Jeweler, Columbia..... .... 163 Zahm, Edward J., Jeweler, Lancaster 121 ft - 4.W., is'i'ER CARD RACK. f.||O0SB, '" SS; ;''A HIESTAND,, JProprletor, . '•¦ • Tjonotirm Central. jfcpy .ARMS A. LOCHEE, /sale and Jftetail pruggist, ' V'!"' ¦'¦'.'¦' ^*y?S^ MANUFACTURER OP >/» '/CHER'S renowned cough syrup, . ''-Mm CELEBRATED HORSE and CATTLE POWDERS, No. 9 East King Street, LAHCA8TSB, PA. See page 114. BACHMAN & FORRY, MANUFACTURERS OF Sash, Doors, Blinds, Shutters, Casing, Mouldfugs, Window ami Door Frames, &<\ SUSQUEHANNA PLANING MILL, COLUMBIA, ±>A., See page 161. E BAUMGAEDNEE &, CO., COAL of EVERY DESOEIPTIOK. /OFFICES:— 345 7\~>»yth Prince St.. AMI' 7 North Queen St., LANCASTER, PA. See page 116. BARTHOLOMEW'S SAW aid PLMII ILL, No. 640 South -Prince St., IiAMTCASTEB, PA. See paga !"-?.. DAISZ~&LORENZ, B. FRANK BAYLOR'S No. 45 W. King St., Lancaster, Pa. *S» 2S. B.— Copying and Enlarging from other Pictures a Specialty. See page 154. B. IF, &0"W2>e£j&JX.r. MANUFACTURER OF THE E. F. BOWH AH WATCH, .JOBBtR IN latches, Clocto, 'Chains, Tools, Materials, &c:, 106 EAST KING STSEET, LANCASTER, PA. See page 134. KLAGK jfORSE JjOTEL, SLOUGH 4 BRO., Proprietors, t 1 '» 41 SOUTH Qt'EBX STREET, Lancaster, Pa. .: pirje 148. J. 18.. EOTEE'S wholesale and we'Aii.. Confer iosery, Fancy Cake Bakery AND ICE CREAM PA HI OH, ¦BQ'& 82 W. King St., Lancaster,, Pa. Sea page 150. WM. H. 3$ANBY, :PIAHDS>QBGAHS» : MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, No. 26 Centre Square, LANCASTER, PA. Me pai. ;Mdllificru(, Baiict)