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GREENSBORO 1808-1904

FACTS, FIGURES, TRADITIONS
AND REMINISCENCES

^

COLLATED BY
JAS. W. ALBRIGHT

GREENSBORO, N. C.
JOS. J. STONE & COMPANY
1904

CUb,

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Preface

IN PRESENTING this book to the public the collator does
not aspire to the title of historian. He was born iu the village
of Greensboro, August 16, 1835, in the small frame house, No.
105-7 East Market street, which at that time was one of the
principal hotels of the place. His greatest ambition is to place
before the city of Greensboro such "facts, figures, traditions,
and reminiscences" as will form a nucleus for her future historian.
He has seen the village grow to a town — the town to a city of no
small proportions. Yet those who know the Greensboro of today
would little think that from the freight depot to the old market house
was covered most of the year with water; and that the writer had
shot snipe and ducks where now is the center of trade; or could realize
that there was water enough in front of Mr. B. E. Sergeant's resi
dence, on East Washington street, for the small boys to bathe in.
He has seen the stage-coach give place to the Pullman cars; the
hog-drover, who came from Tennessee, with his hundreds of hogs
on foot, supplanted by the pork-packers of the west; he has heard
the "curfew" warn the small boy and the slave to hurry home when
the town clock struck nine; the old two-wheeled gig and sulky dis
carded for the automobile and electric ear; the old wooden land
marks torn down and replaced by modern hotels, stores, and resi
dences; the Mount Heela cotton mill give way to the mammoth White
Oak mills; the one saw mill give place to numerous saw mills and
other plants for the manufacture of wooden wares.
Yes; there is change everywhere! And one sees more in a day
now than he did in a year in the Greensboro of the forties. But the
old village was the happy play-ground for some twentyfive boys of
that time; and though Father Time, with his circling blade, has
obliterated all traces of their boyhood haunts, the memory of those
days is still fresh in the heart of the writer.
Most of these boys have long since passed to the great beyond.
Some died peaceful deaths; many fell upon the bloody fields of battle;
some went to distant States to make their homes, and seek their for
tunes — but "That heart, mcthinks.
Were of strange mould, which kept no cherished print
Of earlier, happier times, when life was fresh,
And love and innocence made holiday;
Or that owned
No transient sadness when a dream, a glimpse
Of fancy touched past joys." JAMES W. ALBEIGHT.
August 16, 1904.

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Greensboro, 1808— 1904

CHAPTER I
WHY AND WHEN GREENSBORO WAS MADE THE
COUNTY SEAT
The county of Guilford, named in honor of Lord North, Earl of
Guilford, was formed in 1770, from parts of Orange and Eowan coun
ties. The village of Martinsville, named in honor of Governor Josiah
Martin, was the county seat, and here was fought, March 15, 1781, the
battle of Guilford Court-house; in which the British troops, under Lord
Cornwallis, received at the hands of General Nathaniel Greene, the
blow under which it staggered until it surrendered at Yorktown, Va.
Greensboro was named in honor of General Greene.
Martinsville was not in the center of the county, and an act of the
legislature was obtained in 1808, giving the county authority to move
to a more central point. The men named in this act on the twelfth
of March, 1808, received a deed, as follows:
"This indenture made the twelfth day of March, in the year 1808,
between Ralph Gorrell, of tne first part, and Charles Bruce, Hugh
Forbis, Jacob Clapp, Wm. Armfield, David Caldwell, Geo. Swain,
and Nathan Mendenhall, of the county and State aforesaid, of the other
part, commissioners appointed by act of assembly, for the purchasing
of a suitable tract of land at or contiguous to the center of Guilford
county, for erecting a town, court-house, prison, and stocks, and such
other public uses as they may deem necessary thereon; witnesseth,
that the said Ralph Gorrell, for and in consideration of $98, to him in
hand paid, do sell and convey a tract of land, containing forty-two
acres more or leas ' ', etc.
This tract was laid out as the future Greensboro — as per plot on
page six.
The surveyor, Nathan Mendenhall, made the following footnote:
' ' The main streets are four poles wide — the others three — except South
street, which is two; the lots are nine poles square; four on south side
of town which are nine poles east and west and eight poles north and
south." John Hamilton was clerk of county court.

6

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904

The southern boundary was about where Caldcleugh's store stands;
the northern Dr. W. A. Lash's store; the western Ashe street; the
eastern W. S. Moore's residence.
[The only lot still in the family of purchaser, is that on corner of
West Market and Ashe streets, purchased by Thomas Caldwell, and
now owned by his granddaughters, Misses Bettie and Pattie Cald
well.] N.

Wares
Lovitt S5.01

Levin
Kirkman S6 50

Jonathan Ozment ^.48

Levi
Hoii.ston 5^5 50

I^evin
Kirkman ?6 50

Jesse Cook .58.25

I.evi
Tucker 8;l0.02

Isaac
Weath- erly
?22 80

Jes'ieCook
S10.05

Gray
Booth ?7.85

Robert Rvan M0.77

Nathan I.esler

Nathan
Menden hall
9-7.68

Nathan
:\Ienden- hall
>5 50

John
Macy K.5U

David
Caldwell 5-3 00

Nathan
Menden hall
S20.0J

I,;aac
Armfield S2100

w."©a

Thos.
Caldwell f28.00

Jos.
Hoskins S52.00

Richard Curtis J1S.50

D.
Caldwell S2U 00

Lsaac
Weath- erly
S60.00

Dan'l
.Swain S57.25

William Keshan
51.51 00

Samuel
Sullivan 576.03

Thos.
Kevin
5189.00

Levi
Houston 552.60

D'llon -57.0 J

I,evi
Houston 520 60

I.evi
Tucker 51 53.110

Jno.
Meadow 5J.SJ.00

C. H.

Daniel
Gillesp'e 51H6 00

.Sam
Sul'ivan 5102.G0

Robert
I.indsay 532.60

David
Mebatie 516 35

Levin
Kirkman S18.04

Robert
Donnell •^47.50

Joseph Lovitt ^44. 00

Vincent Riis^ium HO.26^^

Jno.
Howell 518.50

Jas.
Parsons Sf22.5J

Richard Lain
515.01

William
\rmfield »7.2.5

s.
PLOT OF GREENSBORO, i8o8
The tract of land was divided into forty-four lots and sold at pub
lic outcry, prices ranging from $151.00 to $7.25 — making a total of
$1433.11. This amount was sufficient to enable the commissioners to
comply with the order oi removal, viz.: that the location was to be
geographically in the center of the county, and the net proceeds from
sales to be sufficient to pay all costs of removal from Martinsville of
the court-house, jail, stocks, and whipping post, and rebuild the same.

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 7
The logi court-house was placed upon East Market street about where
the east end of the postoflfice building now stands, and the jail where
the Record office is on West Market street. The stocks, pillories and
whipping-post, were a combination — all in one — and were standing on
the site of the city hall, when the writer was a boy, and he witnessed
these several punishments inflicted upon evil-doers. Between the whip
ping post and the street (where the engine-house now stands) Jacob
Hubbard had a beef stall — the only one in the town. It was octagon
shape, about ten feet m diameter. And thus history repeats itself —
after sixty years the present citizens of Greensboro find their fine
market house on this same spot.
And this reminds the writer that Tuesday of August county court
was a general holiday, and both white and black, by hundreds gathered
on what is now Gaston street, from Ashe to Davie, to have a good time.
Watermelons, cider, ginger-cakes, pies, etc., formed the dainty menu;
while the fiddle and banjo supplied the music. There was but one
town constable, and he seldom had an arrest to make.
In 1808 the court records were removed to Greensboro. The first
court held in Greensboro was on May 18, 1809. The esquires present
at first term of court held in Greensboro, May 19, 1809, were John
Starrett, Johnathan Parker, Joseph Gullett, Geo. Swain, John McAdoo,
and Ephraim Burrow. The first permanent court-house built was two
stories, built of brick, and stood at the intersection of Elm and Market
streets. It was not only in the way of the growing town, but too
small for county purposes, only having four rooms down stairs and a
small court room on second fioor — hence at the August meeting of the
county court in 1856 it was decided to remove the court-house to the
corner of North Elm and West Gaston streets. This lot was pur
chased from Gen. Jno. M. Logan; but was objected to because the
corner on which the present court-house now stands was covered by
frame buildings, occupied by Soiomon Hopkins as a hotel — which was
the hotel of that day. This lot was then purchaseu, and Isaac Thaeker,
J. W. Fields, C. P. Mendenhall, Jed. H. Lindsay, and Peter Adams were
appointed to attend to the details. The contract for the new court
house was let September 10, to McKnight, Houston, and Collier for
$17,383. This building was destroyed by fire in 1872 — as was the Southern
hotel, Porter's drug store. Farmer's Bank building, and a row of
small frame law offices on the west and north of the court-house —
burning everything on that corner down to Garrett 's store — now Odd
Fellows' hall. Work was at once commenced for its rebuilding and
the same style of architecture was observed, in the main, with some
minor changes in the interior. Mr. Lyndon Swain, architect, superin
tended the rebuilding. The cost of rebuilding was $21,000, and Jed.
H. Lindsay had charge of the same by order of the court.

CHAPTER n
GREENSBORO AS A PLACE OF RESIDENCE OR
BUSINESS

Greensboro had a population in 1890 of three thousand three hun
dred and seventeen — in 1900 of ten thousand and thirty-five — as shown
by the United States census report. These figures do not embrace the
outlying territory, along the Southern Railway — north and south —
where most of the manufacturing plants are located — extending a
distance of three miles in each direction. The estimated population
of these suburbs can safely be put at five thousand — which would
give Greensboro a total population of over fifteen thousand.
Greensboro is eight hundred and forty-three feet above sea level,
and the climate is genial and healthful. During the coldest Winters
ice seldom forms more than one and one-half inches on the ponds, and
ninety-two degrees is its greatest heat register — which is unusually
rare — and a sultry day is almost unknown.
A gentleman who has traveled extensively and who has recently
visited Greensboro says: "A climate never approaching the severity
of the North in Winter, and particularly delightful in Summer — a
healthfulness unquestioned, and freedom from virulence of malarial
diseases, enables Greensboro to offer no mean attractions to the deli
cate invalid or pleasure-seeking tourist. It is a charming abiding
place. Within two or five hours' ride of the matchless scenery of the
Piedmont and Blue Ridge country, and the chalybeate, sulphur, and
alum springs which make that section celebrated; while but little
farther, in point of distance and time, from the pleasure of Carolina
Beach and Wrightsville Sound. The northern traveler may select here
as his point of vantage, to seek 'green fields and pastures new' in a
day 's jaunt or a week 's journey in any direction. ' '
The editorial excursion from New York, New Jersey, and Pennsyl
vania, which visited Greensboro in 1872, called the town "The City
of Flowers"; its schools have caused it to be called the "Athens of
the South"; but H. J. Elam, of the Record, in 1889, called it "The
Gate City", which latter seems to be generally adopted a,s most appro
priate. Either would not be far wrong, however — for the flowers are
in eviaence everywhere — so are the schools — and the railroads reach
out in every direction.

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 9
The taxable property in 1899 was $3,000,000; the assessed value for
1904 is over $5,000,000 — the tax levy amounting to $(55,000 — ^with a
rate of $1.30 (for all purposes) on the $100 valuation.
Greensboro is situated iu the center of North Carolina — east and
west — in the midst of the worla's finest bright tobacco belt; in the
center of the largest and most prosperous cotton mill sections in the
South; in the heart of the furniture manufacturing district in the
South; surrounded by a fine grain region, and on the border of the
cotton fields; in the center of the finest fruit-growing section in the
entire South. Within a radius of sixty miles there are six hundred
thousand people; eighty-three cotton mills, with over $10,000,000 capi
tal, twenty-eight thousand looms, and seven hundred thousand spindles;
nity-four furniture and chair factories; twelve hosiery mills; one car
pet factory; one finishing mul; one blast furnace; quite a number of
all kinds of lumber manufacturing plants, tobacco factories, and other
industries — including three fine foundries, and a terra-cotta plant.
In brief — Greensboro has: Railroad facilities equal to those of any
town of like population in the United States. Seven lines extend
form the city in as many difEerent directions — giving unrivaled freight
and passenger and mail service. Forty-two passenger and dozens of
freight trains leave Greensboro every day. The city is on the main
trunk line of the great Southern Railway, and is one of that system's
most important points. Forty-two separate and distinct diversified
manufacturing plants, embracing cotton, tobacco, shoes, pants and
overalls, carpets, shirts, furniture, bobbins, shuttles, cornice work,
wagons and carriages, exhaust and blow pipes, dust fans and dust
collectors, sash, doors and blinds, mantels and tables, brooms, saw
mills, cane mills, plows, castings, stoves, candy, ice, etc. The products
of these concerns flnd a ready market all over this country and in for
eign lands. Eighteen wholesale houses, supplying a large territory with
dry goods, notions, shoes, drugs, groceries, hardware, miii supplies, etc.
'j-wo hundred and forty-three retail stores. Five separate banking
houses, with assets of $2,500,550. The home offices of two life insur
ance and three, fire insurance companies. Five separate colleges and
six graded schools, with an aggregate yearly attendance of three thou
sand two hundred students. Twenty-six church edifices. Two com
panies furnishing electricity for light and power, one company furnish
ing gas for light and power, sewerage, a well-equipped fire department,
and a new and up-to-date electric street railway. Telephone exchanges.
The most modern theater between Washington and Atlanta. A city
hall and market house — which cost $35,000. A government building
for the accommodation of the postoflfice and United States courts, the
resident United States district judge and other court oflSlcers. Six
first-class hotels give Greensboro the best hotel accommodations of
any city of its size in the South. One of the handsomest and most

10

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904

conveniently arranged railway passenger depots between Washington
and Atlanta. Two daily newspapers, one secular weekly, two religious
weeklies, one magazine.

o cei f»WH&OCO I
HW «Ht/)

The city owns its water works, and in 1903 erected a steel tank,
with a capacity of two hundred thousand gallons, which is two hun-

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 11
dred feet high. The water supply is drawn from two streams — North
and South Buffalo — which flow on north and south sides of the city —
but the south creek is tapped near its source — about three miles from
the city, and pumped into a tank and by gravitation reaches the main
stream, and water basin at pump house.
The south stream is intended as an auxiliary or emergency supply,
and has a pumping capacity and flow of one million gallons per day.
Two improved one-and-a-quarter-million-gallons capacity pumps have
been installed at the main water works, and are run by electricity, also
a one-hundred-horse-power boiler to run a steam pump in case of emer
gency. A duplicate main was put in in 1903 between the pumping
station and tank in city — so as to guard against accidents in case of
fire. The water works, it is claimed, will be largely in excess of self-
sustaining. The fine surrounding farming country, and many other natural
advantages, have during its entire existence as a town, made Greens
boro one of the most important traamg points in the State, and since
the completion of the several railroads which center here, it has
received a new impetus.
It was fortunate for Greensboro that when the State's great rail
road — from Charlotte to Goldsboro — was before the legislature that
Honorable Calvin Graves, of Caswell, was in the speaker's chair and
gave the casting vote that caused this road to make its big curve
through Orange, Alamance, and Guilford — instead of running some
forty miles south of Greensboro. This gave Greensboro her start as a
railroad town, and the names of John A. Gilmer, D. F. Caldwell, Cal-vin
Johnson, Peter Adams, Nathan Hunt, Edwin W. Ogburn, and Jas. W.
Doak (who were in the legislature in 1846-48), should always have a
green place in our memory. The next road — the link between Greens
boro and Danville — ^was a "military necessity", and built by the Con
federate States government in 1863-64. To this we owe all the others —
the Salem Branch, built in 1875, the Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley,
built in 1884 to Fayetteville, and to Mount Airy in 1888 — with all their
several branches — placing us on the main line between Washington
and Atlanta — and giving us the very best facilities for reaching all
points in this great nation. At one time all these roads were owned
by separate companies, but today all are under the superb manage
ment of the Southern Railway.
It would be unfair to posterity not to give Julius A. Gray, Dr. D. W.
C. Benbow, Dr. W. A. Lash, and their associates, who made the C. F. &
Y. V. railway from Wilmington to Mt. Airy a reality, the credit of
building this important line. To these public-spirited gentlemen this
road proved other than a financial success; but what it added to
Greensboro's material growth time alone can tell.

12 GREENSBORO— 1808-1904
The Southern today is operating daily between Greensboro and
Washington, D. C, seven passenger and mail trains each way; between
Greensboro and Charlotte,, the same number; between Raleigh and
Greensboro four each way; between Winston-Salem and Greensboro
three each way; two each way between Wilmington and Mt. Airy —
passing through Greensboro; one each way between Ramseur, in
Randolph county, and Greensboro, and one each way between Greens
boro and Madison, in Rockingham county — making sixteen arrivals
and sixteen departures of mail and passenger trains daily. The
freight traffic is so heavy through the city, that a double track has
become necessary between Washington and Atlanta, and is now near-
ing completion.
During the last decade, according to the United States census, the
population of the city has increased two hundred and two per cent. — a
record equalled by few cities in the United States, and by none in
North Carolina.
With all the foregoing enumerated advantages the city has a very
small bonded debt, viz.: Improvement bonds $100,000; State Normal
and Industrial College, $30,000; South Greensboro Graded School,
$9,000; Colored Agricultural and Mechanical College, $11,000; City
Hall, $35,000; Sewer, $65,000; Improvement bonds, $,d,000; Water
Works, $100,000; Electric Light, $25,000; making a total of $450,000 —
with a tax rate of $1.30 on $100 valuation.

CHAPTER III

A WORD ABOUT THE COUNTY OF GUILFORD

The county of Guilford is nearly square — being twenty-six miles
from east to west and twenty-four from north to south. It is divided
into eighteen townships of equal size, sixteen of which are penetrated
by one or more railroads. The Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley railroad,
running from Wilmington to Mt. Airy, runs through the county from
south-east to north-west, and goes through eight townships; the North
Carolina from Goldsboro to Charlotte — running nearly east to west
passes through seven townships; the Southern comes in from Danville
on the north and runs through three townships; and Northwestern
North Carolina (or Salem) starts at Greensboro, going west through
three townships. All these roads centering at the county seat — Greens
boro — ^which is geographically in the center. The city is in two town
ships. Elm street the dividing line — all east of this street being in
Gilmer and all west in Morehead. This division was once the result
of a singular and perplexing condition. A vote was had in 1876 in
both townships on the question of license or prohibition, and Gilmer
township voted for prohibition and Morehead for license — when the
saloons in Gilmer had to move across the street or retire from busi
ness. It is needless to say that in this instance prohibition was a
failure.

The county has a population of 44,000.

The rate of taxation in Guilford is 79 cents on $100 valuation for
State and county.

The amount of taxable property of a county is a good index of its
growth. W. U. Steiner, register of deeds for 1882, reported $4,341,000;
in 1902 A. G. Kirkman, register of deeds, reported $11,244,000, and in
1903, $12,956,000.
It is a fine agricultural and fruit-growing county. Gold in paying
quantities has been successfully mined at ten or twelve places in the
southern half of the county. Fine iron ore is found in large quantities
in two places — both less than ten miles from Greensboro.

14

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904

The following have filled the office of sheriff of Guilford county:
Joseph Hoskins, by appointment of governor, in 1789. The following
by election since 1850: Jas. W. Doak, Walter A. Winoourne, C. A.
Boone, B. M. Stafford, J. M. Cunningham, J. Henry Gumer, O. C.

m^^^

COUNTY COURT HOUSE

Wheeler, Joseph A. Hoskins, John W. Cook, J. F. .Jordan — some for
several terms.

A special tax for working the roads has been collected for more
than fifteen years (Morehead township leading) ; and in 1903 the

GREENSBORO- 1808-1904 15
county voted to issue $300,000 in bonds for macadamizing all its roads.
A road commission was appointed with Hon. Jno. L. King as chair
man, and all the latest improved machinery purchased, and work is
being rapidly pushed.

BRIEF MENTION
In 1853 Levi Scott was elected Superior Court Clerk.

Joseph S. Eagsdale was born in Greensboro in 1840, and died in 1903.

The old log court-house was placed on the corner where the United'
States postoflfice building now stands.

Col. J. M. Brittain purchased the Gott Hotel in 1857, and opened a
hotel. This was afterwards the Southern.

John M. Brower, of Mt. Airy, was born in Greensboro, and three
times represented the Fifth District in Congress.

Greensboro's first vote on prohibition was held July 19, 1904, with
the following result: For prohibition, 738; against, 315 — majority
against saloons, 423.

In 1857 the total vote of Greensboro was three hundred and eighty-
two, and at this election Lyndon Swain was elected County Court
Clerk, and W. D. Trotter Superior Court Clerk.

S. H. Howard came to Greensboro August 26, 1864, and took charge
of the telegraph office, and is still at his post. He is a native of
Bedford county, Va., and was army telegrapher most of the war.

At the meeting at Halifax, November 12, 1776, which formed the
Constitution, the delegates from Guilford county were David Cald
well, Joseph Hines, Ralph Gorrell, Chas. Bruce, and Isham Browder.

General John M. Logan, father of Dr. John E. Logan, was for many
years a leading merchant in Greensboro, and also clerk of the county
court for a long time, which office he held at the time of his death in
1853.

16 GREENSBORO— 1808-1904
The city tax levy in 1857 was: White poll 75 cents, colored poll 75
cents, street hands $1.50, hog running at large $1.00, dog over one to
a family $1.00, liquor license $20, merchants' purchase tax 8 cents on
$100, real estate on $100 value, 8 cents.

In 1857 corn was so scarce that the county authorities had to import
it to prevent suffering, and it was sold at $1.30 per bushel in small
quantities to only those in need of it for food. So dire was the dis
tress that the railroads hauled it at half rates.

Soon after the war the dried blackberry trade was an immense
industry — the firm of Odell & Company, shipping annually for several
years at least thirty to forty carloads — much of the fruit finding
markets in foreign lands. J. W. Scott & Company were the next
largest shippers.

The four squares immediately around the old court-house were for
many years the only places of trade. James Sloan was the first to go
down South Elm — and he built nearly opposite Odell 's store. -J. W.
Scott was the next to move — he built a large frame building where
the Hendrix store building now stands.

The sumac trade was, also, a source of much money to the gatherers.
The leaves were used in tanning. W. H. McCormick was the leader in
this new industry and lost much money by the old Tate factory burn
ing down in 1884. The company rebuilt a frame house on the same site,
which was also destroyed by fire, a few years later.

In 1883 the old Caldwell corner was torn down and work was
begun on the United States building for postoflfice and court room,
ofiices, etc. This building was greatly enlarged in 19u4, by adding to
the east side and making the building three full stories. It is now
one of the best government buildings in the State. Cost $150,000.

The first Federal court was held in Greensboro in October, 1872,
.Judge R. P. Dick, presiding. He held office until January 12, 1898,
when he resigned. Judge Dick died September 12, 1898. .John W.
Payne was clerk, from the opening of court until his death, .January
16, 1892. Samuel F. Trogden succeeded him by appointment, Februarj
3, 1892, and is still in office.

Lyndon Swain, who edited the Patriot for fifteen years, had much
to do with establishing the reputation of Guilford county for its con-

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 11
servatism and broad-minded liberality — towards all men of every
nationality and race. He was one of nature's noblemen. He lived
with an inherent love for all mankind — and with ill will towards none
— and died beloved by all who knew him.

In 1855, C. C. Cole began the publication of The Guardian, a liter
ary and temperance paper, which was succeeded in 1856 by the Times,
published by Ogborn, Cole, & Albright. This was an eight-page
literary paper. It ceased publication with the war of 1861. Colonel
C. C. Cole, one of its editors, and one of the best men the writer ever
knew, was killed in the battle of the Wilderness.

Honorable Robert M. Sloan cairle to Greensboro from Lexington, Va.,
in 1827, and married Miss Sarah Paisley, daughter of Reverend Father
Paisley. ' ' Uncle Bob ' ', as everyone knew him, was revered and
beloved by all whose pleasure it was to know him. He was mavor of
the city in 1870- '73. To him the writer is greatly indebted for
many of the facts set forth in this book. He is now in his ninety-
fourth year.

The connecting link of railways between Danville and Greensboro,
which had become a military necessity — the Federals having control
of the line between Petersburg and Weldon — was completed in May,
1864; and no one can imagine the congested condition of the freight
service, who was not in Greensboro during that May. Weldon was
filled with all kinds of army supplies, intended for Petersburg and
Richmond, which had to be reshipped by way of Raleigh and Greens
boro.

Greensboro had three banking houses before the war between tho
States — all doing a safe and prosperous business — but with tho sur
render, went down with the furling of the "Conquered Banner!"
except the Bank of Cape Fear which was in charge of Jesse H. Ijiud-
say, as cashier. The Farmers' Bank — a branch of the parent bank
at Elizabeth City — had aa its cashier W. A. Caldwell, who after v,/ind-
ing up the affairs of the bank removed to Tennessee. The Greensboro
Mutual Insurance and Trust Company, with Dr. D. P. Weir, as treas
urer, was a local institution, and had much of its scrijit printed in
Greensboro, during the war, by Sterling, Campbell, & Albright. D. P.
Weir died January 29, 1865.

GREAT SNOW OF 1875
The Times of January 22, 1857, says: "On leaving our office
Saturday night last we unexpectedly encountered snow about an inch

18

GREENSBORO- 18O8-1904

deep. It continued snowing during the night and on into the next
night. During Sunday the wind blew in a perfect storm, so much
so it was almost impossible to step out doors. On Monday morning
it had drifted six feet in some of the streets. ^ * The cuts on
the railroad are level with the ground. * * ^ As we go to press
three engines attached together are passing by, forcing their way

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through the drifts. The conductor told us that the snow often was
as high as the smoke-stack, and that the three engines only made about
two hundred yards on Monday. ' '
My recollection is that it took the train from Sunday until Thurs
day to get from Jamestown to Greensboro (ten miles), and but for
Dr. S. G. Coflin, of Jamestown, father of W. E. Coffin, of Greensboro
the passengers would nave suffered for food and fuel.

CHAPTER IV
GREENSBORO'S SCHOOL HISTORY
To the early and continued interest in schools of a high grade,
Greensboro owes much of ner present prosperity, as far back as 1767,
David Caldwell had an academy near the public road leading from
Greensboro to Guilford College, about three miles from town. This
school was continued until about 1800, without interruption except a
short period during the Revolutionary war. His school was the first
one which was chartered in Guilford county — the uate being 1798,
and was the most noted school in the South during this period — many
aistinguished men having received their education under Dr. Cald
well. The following schools were chartered by the legislature — some of
which no record is now obtainable — Greensboro Academy, 1816;
ijrreensboro Female Academy; Greensboro Academy and Manual Labor
School, 1833; the Caldwell Institute, 1836; Greensboro Female College,
1838; Greensboro High School, 1846. The Greensboro Female Academy
was under the trustees of the Male Academy.
About 1820, Rev. W. D. Paisley organized a school for boys. He
was succeeded by Rev. Silas C. Lindsley about 1828.
In 1833 Orange Presbytery resolved to build a classical school for
males. It was named for Dr. David Caldwell and known as the Cald
well Institute, and stood about one hundred yards south of the railroad
crossing on South Elm street. Rev. Alex. Wilson was principal, with
Rev. Silas C. Lindsley, and Rev. John A. Gretter, as assistant teachers.
The Presbytery removed this scnool to Hillsboro in 1845, and the
Greensboro High School was its successor, in the same bu..j.ding. The
trustees were John M. Morehead, John M. Dick, and John A. Gilmer.
Rev. Eli W. Caruthers was its first principal, with Rev. John A. Gret-
tor. Rev. Silas C. Lindsley, and Dr. Joseph A. McLean as associates.
In 1856 a male school was conducted in the same building by Jas. D.
Campbell. In 1857 Prof. Chas. W. Holbrook opened a male school in the build
ing, but moved to Hopkins hotel because it was too near the railroad.
In 1857 the Greensboro Classical school was opened in a new brick
building on Edgeworth street, where Judge Schenok's resiaence now
stands. ' Jas. D. Campbell was its first principal, but taking a place
in Edgeworth Female Seminary, he was succeeded by Professor C. W.
Holbrook.

20 GREENSBORO— 1808-1904
Rev. W. D. Paisley, the organizer of the First Presbyterian church
in Greensboro, taught a girl's school prior to 1830. The building stood
on Gaston street. This was the predecessor of Edgeworth Female
Seminary. After Mr. Paisley quit teaching he was succeeded in this
school by Miss Judith Mendenhall, Miss Anna D. Salmon, and Miss
Humphries; and about 1836 Miss Mary Ann Hoye and Miss Austin,
who became the wife of R. G. Lindsay.
In 1840 John M. Morehead, who had just been elected Governor of
the State, erected a four-story brick building on West Market street,
on the south side, where Edgeworth street crosses it, and established
Edgeworth Female Seminary. Miss Anna Hoye was its first princi
pal, and it had a fine patronage. Among its teachers were Misses
Emily Hubbard, and Eliza Rose, and Misses Nash and KoUock. Rev.
John A. Gretter, and Professors Breite and Brandt, the two last named
teachers of music. In 1844 Miss Hoye died, and Dr. and Mrs. D. P.
AVeir took charge of the scnool. They were succeeded the following
year by Rev. Gilbert Morgan and wife.
In 1850 Professor Richard Sterling took the school and ran it success
fully until 1862, when the war closed nearly every school in the
Southern States. In 1868 Rev. J. M. M. Caldwell, grandson of Dr.
David Caldwell, leased the property and continued the school until
1871, when he removed to Rome, Ga., and Edgeworth Seminary —
which was dear to the hearts of many noble Southern women closed
its doors as a school.
When a boy a two-story brick building stood on the corner of
Sycamore and Ashe streets, and tradition says it was there as early
as 1820 and that "Father" Paisley taught a male school there — and
that it was known as Caldwell Institute — and was the predecessor of
the more pretentious Institute of same name mentioned above.
In 1820 Thomas Caldwell donated ground on Gaston street, about
where Willie J. Smith's house stands, and a small brick house was
built and a female school opened and successfully operated until Gov
ernor Jno. M. Morehead, in 1845, built Edgeworth to succeed it. It is
thought that Misses Eliza Rose and Emily Hubbard taught this school
— as they were part of the first faculty of Edgeworth.
Sometime in the early forties a school for girls was taught by the
Misses Dorsey, on South Elm street, about opposite the store of E. M.
Andrews. It was near the first Methodist church ever built in the
town; and chiefly patronized by the Methodists, and believed to be
the predecessor of Greensboro Female College.

Rev. Calvin H. Wiley, of Guilford, was the first Superintendent of
Public Instruction in North Carolina, elected in 1840.

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 21
The North Carolina State Normal and Industrial College
The history of how this great institution became a reality and why
it was located in Greensboro, is briefly told by its efficient President,
Dr. Charles D. Melver, to whom more than any one else is due the sen
timent which gave it birth, and whose untiring energy has made it
what it IS today — ^the most successful college for women in the South.
In his report to the board of directors November 30, 1898, he says:
"By act of the General Assembly of 1891, the North Carolina State
Normal and Industrial College was established. Its charter name was
'The Normal and Industrial School'; but the General Assembly of
1897 changed it to 'The State Normal and Industrial College'.
"In 1886, the Teachers' Assembly, then in session at Black Moun
tain, passed unanimous resolutions asking for the establishment of a
Normal College, and appointed a committee to memorialize the General
Assembly on the subject. Each succeeding Teachers' Assembly, up
to 1891, passed similar resolutions and appointed similar committees
to present the matter to the legislature. In his biennial report to the
General Assembly Honorable S. M. Finger, State Superintendent of
Public Instruction, repeatedly urged the importance of establishing
such an institution. But it was not until the session of 1889 that the
question really came before the General Assembly for serious consid
eration. At that session the bill presented by the committee from the
Teachers' Assembly passed the Senate by a large majority, and failed
in the House by only a few votes.
"The Teachers' Assembly committee consisted of Charles D. McIver,
chairman; E. G. Harrell, E. P. Moses, E. A. Alderman, George T. Win
ston, D. Matt Thompson, and Mrs. J. A. McDonald.
"By the time the next General Assembly had met in January, 1891,
the late Governor Fowle had, in his annual message, urged the estab
lishment of the institution. In the meantime the King 's Daughters had
petitioned the legislature to establish an Industrial School for girls.
[Note by collator — This petition was written by Miss Bettie Carter,
then a teacher in the Greensboro Female College, and adopted at the
annual session of the King's Daughters held in Greensboro in 1890.
The same year the annual session of the Woman's Christian Temper
ance Union of the State endorsed this petition and joined therji in
presenting it to the legislature.]
"The North Carolina Farmers' Aniance, in 1890, at its annual
meeting in Asheville, passed resolutions asking the State to aid in the
higher education of girls and women. Honorable J. L. M. Curry, agent
of the Peabody Fund, appeared before the General Assembly and made
an earnest and powerful plea for a Normal College, and through him,
the Peabody Fund gives substantial aid to the institution. The act
establisliing the institution required that it should be located at some

THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 23
suitable place where the citizens thereof will furnish the necessary
buildings or money sufficient to erect them. The board of directors
decided to accept Greensboro 's offer, which was $30,000 in money
voted by the city, and a beautiful ten-acre site, located in the corpor
ate limits of the city, and donated by Messrs. R. S. Pullen, R. T. Gray,
and others. Since the original donation the directors have purchased
about one hundred and sixteen acres of land, adjoining the original
site. ' '
The General Assembly in 1891, appropriated $10,000 annually, which
in 1895, was increased to $2o,000, and in 1903 to $40,000. Tuition is
free to those who signify their intention to teach.
The growth of the college has been phenomenal under President
McIver 's management, and although onlj' in its twelfth year has
matriculated about two thousand five hundred. The average attend
ance for the past twelve years has been about four_ hundred and
twenty-five, and would be greater but for want of dormitory room.
About one thousand nine hundred graduates are engaged in teaching,
having charge of at least one hundred thousand children.
The manner in which Greensboro secured this golden prize is worthy
of mention. The board of directors asked for at least $25,000 and
ten acres of land. Before reaching Greensboro a neighboring town
was visited by the board and this amount pledged by its leading
citizens. Greensboro in public mass-meeting at once offered the
choice of four ten-acre lots and $27,500; another town said it would
do as well. The board of directors favored Greensboro and said if she
would say $30,000 it meant a location. The citizens said so promptly.
Then some of the board suggested that this was only a promise, and
when put to a vote to issue bonds might fail. The meeting then
adjourned until night, anu when called to order a written obligation
was read from men able to make good the $30,000 in case the bond
issue was not carried by a vote, and thus the contract was sealed.
When the vote took place legally not a single vote was polled against
the bond issue.
This was Greensboro 's second bonded debt, and the wisdom of the
action is today universally admitted — it being considered the best
investment that could have been maue — as the college brings annually
into the city more money than was donated — besides adding to its
population thousands who have settled around the college for the pur
pose of educating their children.
Jn addition to the main building there have been added: A large
dormitory building (destroyed by flre January 21, 1904, and is being
replaced by a better building); the students' building, a very hand
some structure nearly completed and largely with money contributed
by the students and their friends; the Curry building for practice and
observation school; an infirmary building; a wooden dormitory struc-

24 GREENSBORO— 1808-1904
ture; two rented dormitory buildings, barn and dairy buildings —
making total value in land, buildings, and fixtures not less than
$300,000. The fire occurred at 3.45 a. m., yet over three hundred young women
marched out unharmed — though all losing more or less in money or
clothing. Their wonderful escape and presence of mind was a tribute
to their good sense and efficient training.
The regular exercises of the college were resumed after four weeks'
vacation, and four hundred students were present at first roll-call.
On April 18, 1904, a contract was closed with W. C. Bain for rebuild
ing the dormitory, which will be enlarged and improved. It will be
two stories high, four hundred and ninety-two feet long, one hundred
and twelve feet wide, with dining room sixty by two hundred feet.
In February, 1904, Mr. Andrew Carnegie made the college a dona
tion of library building,

Greensboro Female College
In September, 1843, the corner-stone of Greensboro Female College
building was laid. In the summer of 1845, the building made of brick
and containing thirty-six rooms was completed. On February 1, 1846,
Eev. S. Lea was elected president. This was the first regularly char
tered female college in North Carolina, and the second south of the
Potomac. Act ratified December 28, 1838. In 1856 a wing on the west
end was erected to afford room for the rapidly increasing patronage.
Still there was a demand for more room, and in 1859 a wing on the
east side was erected. On the nineteenth of August, 1863, in the
midst of its brilliant success it was destroyed by fire. August 27,
1873, ten years and seventeen days after the destruction of the old
building, the college was re-opened. The new building was very large
and commodious and well suited for school purposes, and offered
superior advantages for the mental and moral training of young ladies.
The object of those having charge of the school is to so govern and
instruct those committed to their care, as to prepare them, not only
for society, but for the stern realities of a responsible existence.
The first President, Rev. Solomon Lea, resigned in 1847, and was
scuceedeu by Rev. A. M. Shipp, D. D. In 1850, Rev. Chas. F. Deems,
D. D. LL. D., was elected president. In 1854, Eev. T. M. Jones, D. D.,
was elected president, which position he ably filled until his death in
1890. During this long time these able divines were in charge of the col
lege, it was the property of the North Carolina Conference Methodist
Episcopal church. South.

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904

25

The conference having incurred a heavy debt in its rebuilding, the
property was sold, and in 1882, passed into the hands or a joint stock
company, with Julian S. Carr, as president; J. A. Odell, secretary and
treasurer; R. T. Gray, attorney.
Dr. B. F. Dixon succeeded Eev. T. M. Jones as president, and
resigned in 1893. His successor was Rev. Frank L. Reid, D. D., who
died September 24, 1894. His successor Professor Dred Peacock, very
acceptably filled the responsible position, and under whose manage
ment the school continued to grow in usefulness and patronage. Dr.
Peacock was succeeded by Mrs. Lucy H. Robinson in 1902, and in 19U3
the stockholders, tiring of the responsibility of the college, advertised

GREENSBORO FEMALE COLLEGE
(Destroyed by Fire, February 18, 1904)

the property for sale at the end of the Spring session. This action
was a surprise and a shock to the people of Greensboro, and the Meth
odists of the State. The alumna3 took the matter in hand, and by
heroic effort saved the school, and re-opened its doors at regular time
in the Fall — with Mrs. Robinson, as president, and who was the first
lady president of a college in the South.
At the annual session of the North Carolina Conference and West
ern North Carolina Conference, held in the Fall of 1903, the college
was tendered to them jointly to be the female college of the whole
State. This proposition was accepted and trustees from each confer
ence appointed to act with trustees from the alumnae, under whose
supervision it was to be conducted. Thus, after many years of

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PROPOSED NEW BUILDING, GREENSBORO FEMALE COLLEGE, NOW IN COURSE OF ERECTION

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 27
doubt and uncertainty, the property once more came into the hands
of the Methodists of the State as was originally designed when first
incorporated. It was then in good, safe hands, with no fear of being lost to the
Methodist church — and with Mrs. Robinson as its president — a glorious
and prosperous future awaits it.
Greensboro stood nobly by the alumnae in their efforts — as did the
membership of the whole church in both conferences.
-curing the life of the college it has turned out about seven hundred
and thirty graduates and its roll of students has run way up into the
thousands. No other institution in the State has wielded a wider or
more potent influence for good than has this great college.
February IS, 1904, this building was again destroyed by fire — loss
estimated at $60,000 — with insurance for $35,000. This was used to
pay off the mortgage, and active efforts were again put forth to once
more open its doors to the young women of the State, and save the
school to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, of North Carolina.
The school expects to open October 1, 1904.

Greensboro Graded Schools
In Superintendent Mebane's report, for the years 1896- '98, he says:
"Here was established the first system of public schools in the State
supported by a special tax. ' ' But this important step in the direc
tion of public education requires a more extended notice.
The writer was for seven years one of the aldermen of Greensboro
and had the pleasure of drafting the charter by which the town was
called a "city". The late Judge Gilmer was a member of the board
and R. M. Sloan, mayor. Judge Gilmer said ' ' city ' ' was rather prema
ture; but "Uncle" Bob said, "it sounded nice, and could do no harm".
The writer remarked that he expected to live to see the town built
from Buffalo to Buffalo. So it was ordered that the amended charter
be sent to the legislature. It was ratified March 28, 1870, and con
tained this clause:
"Section 74. That the corporate limits of the city shall constitute
a school district, and that all taxes levied upon the citizens by the
State for school purposes, shall be expended in conformity with the
regulations of the State, in establishing graded schools within the
city, and should the amount thus realized not be sufficient to keep
the schools open eight months in the year, in that event the commis
sioners shall appropriate a sufficient amount of money from any funds
on hand belonging to the city to supply the deficiency.''
The late Alex. McIver, who was then Superintendent of Public
Instruction, went betore the legislature and urged the adoption of this

28

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904

clause, and said no town in the State should be chartered that did not
make a special provision for maintaining public schools. He comple
mented Greensboro for its action, and said it was the first town in the
State to do so. He was afterwards the second superintendent of
Greensboro's graded schools.

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The charter was ratified at the May election, and the city took
control of the free school building on the present site of Lindsay
graded school. It was a small brick building of one room; but the
city contracted with Symoure Steele, then a member of the board of
aldermen, and C. N. McAdoo, to enlarge the building — making five

GREENSBORO- 1808-1904 29
school-rooms and a chapel. It was two stories high. In this building,
in the Fall of the same year, was opened the first graded school in
the State; Jesse R. Wharton was principal, and Misses Sallie Brent,
Priscilla Macon, and Annie Litchford, teachers. The enrollment was
nearly two hundred — with eight grades.
[Professor Wharton died March 5, 1904, aged seventy.]
So popular was this school that many of the best citizens of the
city sent their children to it. It soon became apparent that a specific
amount was necessary to keep the school from being embarrassed,
hence in 1875, several amendments to the charter were asked for and
granted by the legislature. Among them the following:
' ' Section 2. The commissioners may increase the rate of taxation
prescribed in sections 45 and 55, one hundred per cent.; provided, that
the additional taxes collected from property by authority of this sec
tion, shall be applied for school purposes only." Ratified March 8,
1875. The writer, who was the author of the graded school clause, went to
Raleigh to urge its adoption. Colonel James T. Morehead was Senator
at this session and made a gallant fight for the amendment, which
met with some opposition because it was proposed to double the tax on
property, and give the colored children their pro-rata of the money.
Colonel Morehead quieted the opposition by amending section 5, which
empowered this increased tax, to be submitted to a separate ballot
at the next election for mayor and commissioners. When this election
was held in the following May, only eight votes were polled against it.
This year the Percy street graded school for colored children was
opened. It seats three hundred and fifty-six.
In 1886, when the city began to maKe decided growth. Judge David
Schenck was elected a member of the board of aldermen, and made
chairman of the school committee. His wise foresight and generous
impulses, which endeared him to the city and State, prompted him to
desire better school buildings. The first fruits of his work in this
direction was the handsome brick buixaing of Lindsay street graded
school, which was completed in 1887, and equipped with modern school
furniture. Seating capacity, five hundred and eighty-three.
In May, 1891, the corporate limits were extended — making the city
two miles square. In September of the same year a school for each
race was opened south of the Southern Railway — this gave Greensboro
four graded schools — two for each race.
The growth of the schools continued from year to year, and large
additions were made to Lindsay street school. In 1899 the Catholic
church building adjoining was purchased for a higher grade.
In 1893 so urgent were the demands for more school room than was
afforded by Belleview, on McColloch street, a bond issue of $9,000 was
made for building the Asheboro street graded school, of which Superin-

30

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904

tendent of Public Instruction Mebane said in his report for 1897- '98
"It is one of the handsomest and best equipped public school build
ings in the State". And he adds: "It is a significant fact that
Greensboro has not only provided splendid • buildings for her own
schools; but she has put $41,000 in buildings for the Normal and
Industrial College for white girls, and Mechanical CoUege for the
colored race. * * * Probably no other town in the State or in the
South has a larger percentage of its school population enrolled in the
public school." Seating capacity of this scnool, three hundred and
sixty-one.

ASHEBORO STREET GRADED SCHOOL

A school was opened in the Curry building of State Normal in 1902.
The Warnersville Grammar school was built in 1S92, and has a seat
ing capacity of one hundred and forty-four.
In order to meet the demands of the children in the western part
of the city in 1900, the Curry building of the State Normal was ten
dered the city. It has a seating capacity of three hundred and fifty-
three, with an enrollment of three hundred and thirty-four for the
session of 1904. The city will soon erect a handsome building on
Spring street to be known as the high-school building.
The following have been superintendents in the order named; Jesse
E. Wharton, Alex. McIver, N. C. English, Eobert Foard, C. P. Frazier,
J. L. Tomlinson, G. A. Grimsley, Edgar D. Broadhurst, and Wiley H.
Smith.

GREENSBOEO— 1808-1904 31
Mr. E. P. Wharton gives annually $50 for prizes to the children
whose work in any year shows the greatest improvement in any grade.
Mr. Howard Gardner gives annually $10 as prize for best written
essay by a member of the graduating class of the High School.
Mr. C. H. Ireland and Mr. C. M. Vanstory each give $10 for the best
year's work in music.

Bennett College

Bennett College was opened in the city of Greensboro, N. C, in
1873, by the Freedman's Aid and Southern Education Society of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. It is one of the forty-six institutions
founded and more or less sustained by that church in the South,
attended by over fourteen thousand students annually. It offers a
good Christian education to all worthy persons, regardless of sex or
sects. About 1876 it became housed in the magnificent four-story
brick building. It then became a boarding school and began to be
known abroad. In 1889 it was chartered as a College under the laws
of North Carolina.
In connection with Bennett College is a fine four-story building,
known as Carolina Hall. The chapel will seat five hundred people,
and there are twenty-eight dormitory rooms, for young men. This
building was built principally by the preachers and laymen of the
North Carolina Conference.
The Kent Home, on the same grounds, is one of the many which
the Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal
Church supports in the South for the purpose of training colored
girls for home-makers.

Agricultural and Mechanical College for the Colored Race
This college was established by an act of the General Assembly,
ratified March 9, 1891. The leading object of the institution is
declared by said act to be instruction in practical agriculture, the
mechanic arts, and such branches of learning as relate thereto. The
citizens of Greensboro donated twenty-five acres of land and $8,000,
to be used in construction of buildings. In 1893 this was supple
mented by an appropriation of $10,000 by the General Assembly.
The main building, one of the finest school edifices in North Carolina,
was completed in 1893, and the school opened in the Fall of that year.
A large dormitory, which cost $6,000, a complete laundry and a green-

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house have been added. In the Summer of 1895 the Mechanical Build
ing, a large two-story brick structure, eighty-eight by one hundred and
nineteen feet, was erected at a cost of about $9,000. This building
by the expenditure of about $7,000, has been supplied with probably
the finest and most modern equipments of any school in the State.
No provision being made by act of incorporation, allowing any city
to aid in the construction of the building, and not wishing to wait
two years for an amended charter, the trustees appealed to the citi
zens, and a joint note for $8,000 was executed by the following gen
tlemen and placed in the bank — subject to draft as work progressed:
Dr. D. W. C. Benbow, J. W. Scott, D. F. Caldwell, M. G. Newell, J. H.
Cook, W. R. Brooks, C. P. Vanstory, R. M. Eees, W. M. Houston, Tyre
Glenn, Judge J. A. Gilmer, J. L. King, S. S. Brown, J. R. Mendenhall,
Honorable Jas. D. Glenn, Colonel J. M. Winstead, J. M. Hendrix, E. P.
Wharton, A. G. Kirkman, Aaron Mendenhall, Judge E. M. Douglas, E.
E. King, J. H. Phipps, J. F. Jordan, Neil Ellington, J. A. Odell, Dr.
W. P. Beall, J. J. Nelson, C. E. Holton, W. G. Armfield, and H. H. Cart-
land. The building was nearly completed when the vote was held on issuing
the bonds, and only one man voted against the donation.
This institution will compare favorably with any similar institu
tion for colored people in the South.

Read This I

A record no State in the Union can excel — as an evidence of
Greensboro's liberality and unanimity in favor of public schools:
In 1872, Greensboro opened her system of graded schools for both
races, giving the colored children their pro-rata of the school fund.
In 1875 a vote was held to ratify an amendment increasing the tax
on real estate 25 cents (which was only 25 cents on the $100 for all
purposes), which was to be used for maintaining the graded schools.
Against this only eight voted no.
In 1889 the city voted to donate $30,000 to secure the State Normal
and Industrial College — and not a single vote was against it.
In 1891 — only one vote was polled against donating $8,000 to the
State Agricultural and Mechanical College for the colored race.

CHAPTER V
THE MEN WHO STARTED THE TOWN
Dr. Chapman, Greensboro's first physician, is said to have
built the first residence, which stood on the corner of West Market
and Ashe streets.
The first business house was built on the corner of West Market
and Greene streets, and was only torn down in 1902, by Jno. L. King
to make room for the handsome brick building now on that corner.
About 1818 "Father" Paisley moved to Greensboro from Orange
county to serve as teacher and preaqher. He took up his residence
in Geo. Albright's hotel, which was in the frame building now on
East Market street, opposite the postoflfice. He preached and taught in
the male academy, corner of Sycamore and Ashe streets.
The first organization of a town government for Greensboro of
which there is a record, was made April 29, 1829. This was under an
act of the legislature of 1828 amendatory of an act passed in 1824,
"for the better regulation of the town of Greensboro iu Guilford
county ' '-
The commissioners then elected were William Adams, John M. Dick,
Jacob Hubbard, Christopher Moring, and Eobert Moderwell. William
Adams was elected chairman, T. Early Strange, secretary; and John
M. Logan, tax collector and public officer.
Mr. Eobert Lindsay moved in from Martinsville and built a store
on the northeast corner of Market and Elm streets. Colonel Gillespie,
a revolutionary soldier, owned the southeast corner of Elm and Market
streets, afterwards known as the Caldwell corner, and now used for
the postoffice building. John Scott owned a store on the south-west
corner of the same streets; and the north-west corner was owned by
Simeon and Abram Guren, merchants. The court house in the center
of the square completed the business part of the town. A bold, gush
ing spring on ground where the Odd Fellows' building now stands
furnished water tor the inhabitants.
June 10, 1829, T. Early Strange and John M. Logan were ordered
to assess each man's real estate and take the census. The census
showed a population within the corporation of three hundred and
sixty-nine. The following tax list was made upon this census: "There are one
hundred and twenty-four taxable polls at 50c. each, $62.00; amount
real estate, $53,495, 10c. $100, $53.50; five stores at $7 each, $35.00;
three retail liquor shops at $2.50 each, $7.50; one stallion owned

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 35
and standing in the place, $2.00; making in the hands of the police
officer for collection the sum of $160.00 to defray expenses of
keeping up streets and pumps, agreeable to the order of the commis
sioners." The largest real estate owner at that time was Henry Humphreys,
who was put down at $12,000. The largest slave owner was Eobert
Carson, who had fifteen. The people in Greensboro at that time who
had real estate assessed at $1,000 and upwards were Christopher Mor
ing, $2,300; William Adams, $2,000; Jacob Hubbard, $4,200; John M.
Dick, $2,500; John M. Logan, $2,000; Jed. H. Lindsay, $3,500; David
Scott, $1,200; Eobert Moderwell, $2,000; David Caldwell, $1,500;
Jesse McQuiston, $1,000; John Hoskins, $2,500; Andrew Lindsay,
$1,000; Levi Houston, $1,000; Henry Humphreys, $12,000, and Benj.
Overman, $1,500.
March 15, 1830, William Adams, chairman of the board, was allowed
$20 for taking care of town pumps one year, and John M. Logan was
allowed $15 for one year's service as public officer.
At this meeting patrol regulations were adopted. Citizens over
twenty-one and under forty-five were organized into companies of five.
They patrolled at night, and had authority to give not more than
fifteen lashes to slaves caught out at night, or in kitchens where they
did not belong. All free negroes caught out after ten o'clock at night
were taken before the magistrates. The patrol also arrested "any
and all disorderly or suspicious persons found on the streets or in
nigger kitchens after ten o 'clock at night ' '- Service on the patrol
one year cancelled a poll tax.
At the same meeting taxes were laid as follows: Poll, 50c.; 10c. on
the $100 of real estate; merchant's license $7; retailer of spirituous
liquors, $2.50; stallion, $2.
Repairing streets was let to the lowest bidder, who was required
to give bond and approved security.
February, 1831, the board summoned before it James T. Morehead,
Robert Mitchell, Jesse H. Lindsay, and Robert Baylye for refusing to
do patrol duty. Lindsay and Baylye were twice fined for this viola
tion. An attempt to enforce the regulations stirred up some fight,
and in 1832 a new board was elected, composed of Henry Humphreys,
David Scott, George Albright, Jesse H. Lindsay, and James T. More-
head. This board ordered Mr. Morehead to draw up a new Code of
Regulations for the town. They adopted a more elaborate system of
taxation and made many innovations. Citizens were required to give
in their taxable property and polls under oath. Poll tax was fixed at
50c. and real estate at 6c. on the $100. Slaves over twelve years cost
the owners 25c. poll tax. Merchants were taxed 50c. on every $1,000
invested in business. Liquor license was raised to $4. The system
of working the streets was adopted. John A. Gilmer, Walter Win-

36 GREENSBORO— 1808-1904
bourn, and others were frequently hauled up and fined. The fines were
never collected.
At one meeting while George Albright was acting chairman his
license was reduced from $4 to $2; Jesse H. Lindsay and David Scott
were the other members of the board present. At the same meeting
it was ordered that $1 be paid Wm. R. D. Lindsay for money which he
had advanced for the town two years before, to Allen Cook for
mending the town pump.
February, 1833, brought another upheaval in town politics and a
new board went in. They ordained that every householder should pro
cure two ladders for each house; one to reach the eaves, and the
other to reach from the eaves to the comb. A penalty of $5 was fixed
for failing to do this. It was also ordered that the treasurer forth
with have ten fire hooks made; he was also ordered to advertise and
let to the lowest bidder, the winding up, setting, and oiling of the
town clock.
At a meeting in March, 1833, John M. Logan and Wm. R. D. Lind
say were ordered to go that evening and see that ladders were pro
vided for houses according to law. The police officer was ordered to
summon William Kerr, chairman of the board, Drs. Scott and Donnell,
Walter Winbourn and others on the charge of keeping wood in the
streets. Tavern keepers were taxed $3; hogs running at large, 10c,
each; dogs, 50c. each. The head of a family was allowed one dog
free. In December, 1835, James T. Morehead and George Albright
were appointed a committee to contract for repairing the town clock.
In 1837 the General Assembly passed an act to incorporate the town
of Greensboro. Under this law the corporate limits were extended
and made one mile square. No person was eligible to office who had
not for six months preceding his election been the owner in fee of
one lot of land in the town; and resided there the same length of
time. Six months' residence was required for voters. Section 5 of the
act limited the taxation to 50c. on the poll; 6c. on the $100 of real
estate; 6c. on $100 merchants' purchases, and it was provided "that
the tax of no one individual on his real estate shall exceed the sum
of $5 for any one year". This was repealed in 1844.
In 1837 is found the first assignment of citizens to work the streets.
The town was marked off into four divisions for this work. In thia
assignment are the following names which will be of interest:
First Division — James Sloan, overseer; Wm. E. D. Lindsay, Joseph
Houston, Andrew Weatherly, Harris Kirkman, Peter Adams, R. Gar
rett, Washington Alley, Lewis Bass, W. Westbrook, Thomas Rice,
James T. Morehead, Jesse Causey, Enoch Morgan, Wm. Garrett and
John Brown.
Second Division — Sidney Porter, overseer; John M. Morehead Mrs.
A. M. Mebane's Ned, D. A. Woodson, John A. Mebane's hands; Wm.

GREENSBOEO— 1808-1904 37
Weatherly, Henry H. Eyder, Wm. Paisley's hands; Daniel Moore, Wm.
H. Gumming, Thomas Caldwell, Franklin Caldwell, Newton Caldwell,
Dr. Caldwell, Calvin Caldwell, Thomas Caldwell, Jr., John A. Gilmer,
Dr. Jarnett, Captain E. Willis, Jesse Stephens, Jos. A. MoLain, Eobert
Sloan, Eobert G. Lindsay and his boy, Frank.
Third Division — Henry Humphreys, overseer; James McIver, John
Hancock, W. A. Winbourn, Caldwell A. Gillespie, Thomas Tate, N. B.
Houston, Mrs. S. Mendenhall 's hands, G. G. Townsend, John Caruthers,
James Bryant, Jesse H. Lindsay, John M. Dick, and Jed. H. Lindsay.
Fourth Division — Reuben Dick, overseer; Wm. Wood, Joab Hiatt,
David Scott, Calvin McAdoo, George Albright, Zadock Rolin, colored,
Wm. Spencer, Chas. Eberhard, John Bubanks, Charles Evans, Benj.
E. Woollen, Granville Alley, W. W. Woodburn, Eobert Wiley, Milton
Ross, Wm. Moring, Dr. Adams, Joseph Sears, Peter Rich, John Denny,
Jos. Sullivan, Isaac Edly, Jesse Needham, Levi Donnell, Jesse Gil-
braith, Thomas Buchanan, Zeb Pritchett, John Carroll, Judge Dick's
boy Solomon, John Denny, George Trotter, and James Starrett.
In March, 1839, John A. Mebane, chairman, made a contract in be
half of the town with Jeremiah and Jesse L. Lumbly to act as watch
men for the year. They were to keep watch over the streets and
property from ten o 'clock at night until break of day, and from mid
night until day proclaim through the four main streets the time of
night and the condition of the town: Calling aloud, "one o'clock,
all's well," etc. For this they were to receive $1.50 a week, payable
every Saturday night.
At the April meeting, 1839, John A. Gilmer, chairman of the board
pro tem., was reported by Officer Townsend for keeping wood and a
wagon on the street. This entry was made: "John A. Gilmer being
present, it was ordered and decreed that he pay a fine of $1."
At the June meeting, 1839, real estate tax was fixed at 4 cents on
the $100; also a fine of $50 for playing cards inside the corporation.
It was also ordered that Jesse H. Lindsay send North for twenty
pairs of fire buckets for the town.
October 18, 1839, it was ordered ' ' that the main streets, north, south,
east, and west shall be planted with elm strees during the coming
Spring, at regular distances from each other and at regular distances
from the houses."
January 30, 1840, Dr. John A. Mebane, Jesse H. Lindsay, and James
Sloan were authorized to contract with some person to set the trees.
A colored man named Gill set out the trees. He was paid $34 for the
work. [These trees were the fine elms which stood on Market and Elm
streets — so recently cut down.]
In February, 1841, Jas. Sloan and Jesse H. Lindsay, were appointed
a committee "to contract for resetting such trees as have died since

38 GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904
planted". In June, 1841, Jas. Sloan was appointed superintendent of
streets till February court, 1842.
In February, 1843, action was taken to do something towards drain
ing the meadow and marsh running from Mrs. Moring 's in a north
easterly course through the town across Hillsboro road.
[This was a ditch which was cut to drain the swamp back of the
present McAdoo House, and crossed East Market at Forbis street, and
is known as Muddy branch.]
An epidemic of fever and sickness aroused the people. Honorable J.
M. Dick, Dr. Lindsay, Jos. A. McLean, and Peter Adams were appointed
to investigate anci report if the trouble could be remedied by proper
ditching. On their recommendation ditching was done under super
vision of Dr. Jos. A. McLean and James McIver.
The foregoing details include the names of the heads of families
and the familiar figures controlling the movements of the town of
Greensboro from its founding to the year 1855, when the legislature
again changed the organic law.
We may well be proud of everything in connection with the early
history of Greensboro. Look at the names and consider the sturdy
pioneers of our prosperity. From the list may be gathered names of
men who were distinguished in the life of the State and the nation.
Distinguished in Church and State, in civil and military life.
Before 1850 the following public-houses — called inns — ^were in
Greensboro :
George Albright, where he had a hotel for forty years, was the old
frame building now standing on East Market street, third building
from the corner.
Genoa Townsend, whose wife was Eev. Eli Caruther's sister, occu
pied the old frame building — next to John Dick's laundry, on West
Market street.
Gott & Bland ran a hotel where the Trogden building now stands.
Solomon Hopkins' hotel was on the site of the county court-house.
Christopher Moring had a hotel on the corner of East Market and
Davie streets, where G. W. Denny's store stands.
In 1856, George Albright was elected intendent; commissioners,
Michael Brown, Chas. G. Yates, James M. Garrett. "Votes polled
ninety-one. The North Carolina Eailroad was then running, and Jacob B. Balsley
was agent, and gave the following as receipts for the first nineteen
days: Tickets, $579.99; freight, $129.92.
The leading men in business then were: E. W. Ogburn, book store;
A. P. Eckel, jeweler; W. S. Gilmer, general merchandise; W. C. Por
ter, druggist; Eankin & McLean, general merchandise; R. G. Lind
say, hardware; J. W. Hewlett & Son, dentists; James M. Hughes,
tailor; T. M. Woodburn, confectioner; Andrew Weatherly, dry goods;

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 39
C. G. Yates, tinner; Peter Thurston, furniture. Many descendants of
these men are now living in Greensboro.
In 1857 the election resulted: C. G. Yates, mayor; James F. Jollee,
Chas. E. Shober, James M. Garrett, M. S. Sherwood, commissioners.
Tax on poll 75 cents; real estate, 8 cents; liqnnr license, $20. For
three years there had been no open saloon — this year there vfi-re three,
on East Market street.
On January 8, 1857, a seiate bill to incorporate the Greensboro and
Danville railroad was defeated by a vote of fourteen to thirty-two.
1861 — Mayor A. P. Eckel; commissioners, Lyndon Swain, Jas. M.
Garrett, A. Whittington, Jed. H. Lindsay, M. Brown.
1862 — A. P. Eckel, mayor; with practically, if not entirely the
same aldermen.
1863 — A. P. Eckel, mayor; same or practically the same aldermen.
1864 — Richard Sterling, mayor; aldermen not known.
1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, and probably 1869 — Colonel Wm. L. Scott was
military mayor by appointment of General Canby. No more com
plaint was made of his administration than of any others preceding,
notwithstanding the troublous times, just following the war.
1870 — Mayor, R. M. Sloan; commissioners, Jas. W. Albright, Julius
A. Gray, Jno. A. Gilmer, A. J. Brockmann. This board asked the
legislature for a new charter. It was drawn by J. A. Gilmer and
Jas. W. Albright — the latter suggesting the name "City"- [See
Graded Schools, chapter IV, also acts of General Assembly 1869- '70.]
1871 — Mayor, R. M. Sloan; aldermen, Julius A. Gray, W. B. Bogart,
Jas. W. Albright, Wm. Collins.
1872 — Mayor, R. M. Sloan; aldermen, Jas. W. Albright, J. B.
Balsley, W. B. Bogart, Wm. CoUins.
1873 — Mayor, E. M. Sloan; aldermen, Jas. W. Albright, John A. Gil
mer, Julius A. Gray, B. E. Sergeant.
This board extended Elm street .by removing the Gilmer residence
in North Elm, and Caldwell Institute in South Elm.
1874 — Mayor, Cyrus P. Mendenhall; aldermen, Seymore Steele, John
W. Payne, Jas. W. Albright, D. W. C. Benbow, B. E. Sergeant, W. D.
McAdoo. 1875 — Mayor, C. P. MendenhaU; aldermen, Jas. W. Albright, Sey
more Steele, Jno. W. Payne, D. W. C. Benbow, W. D. McAdoo, B. E.

This board built the market house, corner Sycamore and Davie
streets. [This building was burned Sunday morning, May 27, 1888,
and all the records of the city destroyed.]
The Lindsay street building for white children, was now completed,
and the brick building erected on Percy street for colored children —
and graded schools for both races were opened.

40

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

1876 — Mayor, C. P. Mendenhall; aldermen, Julius A. Gray, Jas. W.
Albright, J. W. Payne, Junius I. Scales, D. W. C. Benbow, Thomas
McMahon. Jas. W. Albright was clerk to the Sloan and Mendenhall boards.
1877— Mayor, S. C. Dodson; aldermen, L. M. Scott, A. P. Eckel, W.
K. Eldridge, C. G. Yates, Willis Sikes, J. C. Cunningham.
1883 — Mayor, E. R. King; commissioners, W. E. Bevill, W. B.
Bogart, H. H. Tate, W. T. Sergeant, L. M. Scott, Geo. W. Alley.
1884— Mayor, R. R. King; aldermen, W. E. Bevill, W. B. Bogart, H.
H. Tate, W. T. Sergeant, L. M. Scott, G. W. Alley.

CITY HALL AND OPERA HOUSE

1885 — Mayor, E. R. King; commissioners, L. M. Scott, J. K. Hall, C.
P. Vanstory, G. W. Alley, W. B. Bogart, R. S. Dalton.
1887 — Mayor, J. A. Barringer.
1888 — Mayor, J. A. Barringer; commissioners, J. A. Odell, J. W.
Scott, L. M. Hawkins, S. C. Dodson, J. J. Nelson, W. E. Coffin, Neil
Ellington, W. E. Bevill, J. D. White, David Schenck, P. D. Price, W.
H. Turner.
Water works were put in during this board.
1889 — Mayor, Jas. W. Forbis; commissioners, D. Schenck, J. F. Jor
dan, J. L. King, J. W. Scott, J. D. White, S. C. Dodson, P. D. Price,
J. A. Odell, Geo. S. Sergeant, Neil Ellington, W. E. Bevill, J. J.
Nelson.

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 41
1890 — Mayor, J. W. Forbis; commissioners, J. F. Jordan, J. L. King,
W. M. Houston, J. W. Scott, S. C. Dodson, D. E. Thomas, P. D. Price,
G. S. Sergeant, C. P. Vanstory, Neil Ellington, H. L. Scott, J. W. Fry.
1891 — Mayor, J. W. Forbis; commissioners, J. L. King, Wm. Houston,
J. W. Scott, S. C. Dodson, G. S. Sergeant, W. E. Murray, Neil Elling
ton, H. L. Scott. Wm. Love, J. D. Glenn, J. R. Mendenhall, R. A. Foard.
1892 — Mayor, J. R. Mendenhall; commissioners, W. G. Balsley, J.
E. Wharton, C. E. Holton, Neil Ellington, Wm. Love, G. T. Glascock.
1893 — Mayor, J. A. Harrington; commissioners, C. N. Vanstory, H.
W. Cobb, B. H. Merrimon, J. W. Griffith, P. D. Price, J. W. Landreth,
Neil Ellington, J. E. Boyd, J. D. Glenn, E. W. Brooks, J. H. Phipps,
J. S. Hunter.
1894 — Mayor, Jas. E. Boyd; commissioners, B. H. Merrimon, W. G.
Balsley, H. W. Cobb, J. M. Walker, J. W. Landreth, J. N. Wilson, Neil
Ellington, J. P. Harkness, Wm. Love, E. W. Brooks, J. S. Huntar, J.
H. Phipps.
1895 — Mayor, J. J. Nelson; commissioners, B. H. Merrimon, J. H.
Dillard, Jr., J. M. Walker, H. W. Cobb, P. D. Price, H. J. Elam, Neil
EUington, W. G. Balsley, E. G. Hiatt, E. W. Brooks, J. S. Hunter, J.
H. Phipps.
1896 — Mayor, J. J. Nelson; commissioners, B. H. Merrimon, J. H.
DDlard, Jr., H. W. Cobb, J. M. Walker, P. D. Price, H. J. Elam, Neil
Ellington, W. J. Blackburn, J. D. Glenn, E. G. Hiatt, J. S. Hunter,
J. H. Phipps.
1897 — Mayor, J. J. Nelson; commissioners, H. J. Elam, Neil Elling
ton, B. H. Merrimon, T. M. Pickard, W. L. Frazier, T. J. Shaw, W. T.
Sergeants, G. H. McKinney, J. D. Glenn, E. G. Hiatt, J. H. Phipps,
J. J. Thornton.
1898 — Mayor, J. J. Nelson; aldermen, B. H. Merrimon, T. M. Pick
ard, W. L. Frazier, W. L. Bogart, H. J. Elam, W. T. Sergeant, Neil
Ellington, G. H. McKinney, Ed. E. Bain, John Lewis, J. W. Merritt,
W. D. Mendenhall.
1899 — Mayor, Z. V. Taylor; aldermen, B. H. Merrimon, C. G. Wright,
P. D. Price, M. L. Shields, W. T. Sergeant, H. J. Elam, Neil Elling
ton, J. M. Walker, E. M. Phillips, M. Vuncanon, J. S. Hunter, J. W.
Merritt. 1900 — Mayor, Z. V. Taylor; aldermen, B. H. Merrimon, Thos. D.
Sherwood, J. W. Scott, G. W. Denny, H. J. Elam, W. T. Sergeant,
Neil Ellington, James Y. Joyner, Wm. Love, E. M. Phillips, J. S.
Hunter, S. H. Boyd.
1903 — W. H. Osborn, mayor; aldermen, B. H. Merrimon, S. H. Boyd,
C. P. Vanstory, E. J. Stafford, O. C. Wysong, J. S. Hunter.
Captain Neil Ellington has been city treasurer since 1887; E. M.
Eees, tax collector since 1877; John S. Michaux, clerk since 1895.

CHAPTER VI

POLITICAL
Members of Convention of 1776 — tlie first Convention after the
Declaration of Independence was held on the twelfth of November,
1776, at Halifax, N. C, to perfect a civil form of government. In
this convention were the following delegates from Guilford county:
David Caldwell, Joseph Hinds, Ealph Gorrell, Charles Bruce, Isham
Browder. Members of Convention of 1835. — To perfect a better form of State
government, a convention met in Raleigh, June 4, 1835, and Guilford
was represented by John M. Morehead and Jonathan Parker.
Members of Convention of 1861. — From 1835 to 1861 the prosperity
of the State was steady and increasing; but the other Southern States
having withdrawn from the Federal union, the legislature then in ses
sion, on January 30, 1861, passed an act submitting to the people the
question whether they would meet in convention to consider their
federal relations, and the proposition was voted down. President
Lincoln then issued a proclamation calling upon all the States for
their quota of seventy-five thousand troops for the coercion of the
seceding States. Governor Ellis issued a proclamation convening the
legislature in extra session. May 1, 1861. This body promptly passed
a bill calling a convention to meet in Raleigh on the twentieth day
of that month. The convention met on that day, and passed the
ordinance of secession. The members from Guilford were Ralph Gor
rell, John A. Gilmer, Sr., and Eobert P. Dick — all elected as union
men. North Carolina, while really opposed to a dissolution of the union,
followed her sister States, and proved her loyalty to the Southern
cause oy furnishing to the Southern army over one hundred and
twenty thousand of her sons, exceeding a ratio of one man to every six
of her entire population.
Guilford, true to her record in the "days of seventy-six", put into
the field a number of volunteer companies. [See appendix.]
In 1865- '66 another convention was held under the reconstruction
policy of President Andrew Johnson. This convention met October
2, 1865. In this convention Guilford was represented by D. F. Cald
well, R. P. Dick, and Jonathan Harris.

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 43
The constitution adopted by this convention wa.s rejected by the
people, and under authority vested in him by the Eeconstruction acts
of Congress, General E. R. S. Canby, military commander of the dis
trict, issued an order for an election to be held for delegates to a
convention which should meet in Raleigh, January 14, 1868. In this
convention Guilford was represented by Geo. W. Welker and A. W.
Tourgee. On September 6, 1875, another State convention was held in Raleigh,
and Guilford was represented by A. W. Tourgee and A. S. Holton.
Members of Congress from Greensboro: — James T. Morehead, 1851-
'53; John A. Gilmer, Sr., 1857- '61; Thomas Settle, Jr., 1894^(in 1892
while a citizen of Eockingham county.)
Members of Confederate Congress from Greensboro: — John M. More-
head, 1861- '62; Eobert P. McLean, 1862- '63; John A. Gilmer, Sr.,
1864- '65.
Governors:- — Elected by General Assembly, Alexander Martin,
1782- '89; elected by the people, John M. Morehead, 1840; died
August 27, 1866; Alfred M. Scales was elected from Eockingham
county in 1887; died in Greensboro, February 9, 1892.
Speakers of Senate from Guilford: — Alexander Martin, 1780, '81,
'85, 1805; David F. Caldwell, 1830,- '31; James T. Morehead, 1872.
Justices of Supreme Court from Greensboro: — Eobert P. Dick,
1868- '72; John H. Dillard, 1878- '81. (Judge Dillard served through
the war of 1861- '65); Eobert M. Douglas, 1897 and now in office;
Thos. Settle in 1870, before becoming a citizen of Greensboro.
Judges United States Courts — Western District of North Carolina:
Eobert P. Dick, 1872- '98; Jas. E. Boyd, 1900, and now in office.
Thos. Settle, while a citizen of Greensboro, was District Judge for
the Northern District of Florida. He died December 1, 1888.
Judges Superior Court from Greensboro: John M. Dick, elected
1835; John A. Gilmer, Jr., elected 1897; Wm. P. Bynum, Jr., filled
unexpired term of S. B. Adams; Thos. J. Shaw, elected 1899.
The following held the office of Judge before becoming citizens of
Greensboro: David Schenck, John Gray Bynum, Spencer B. Adams.
Mr. Adams is now holding a Federal judgeship in Indian Territory.
The following have been postmasters of Greensboro since 1841: Dr.
I. J. M. Lindsay, 1841; Wilson S. Hill, 1845. (He was councillor of
State under Governor Bragg); Wm. Gott, 1850; L. M. Scott, 1851- '53
B. G. Graham, 1853-'62; J. E. Thom, 1862-'65; J. D. White, 1865- '85
Geo. H. Gregory, 1886; J. D. White, 1889-93; James W. Forbis, 1893-98
Tyre Glenn, 1898-1904.
The city hall was built in 1890, at a cost of $30,000.

44

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

Table of the Members of House and Senate
So many were from Greensboro, the complete list is published.

Year

SENATE

HOUSE

1777 1778
1779 1780
1781 17821783178417851786178717881789
17901791 1792
179317941795 1796 I
17971798
17991800 1801 1802
1803180418051806
1807 18081809
18101811 1812181318141815
181618171818 18191820
18211822182318241825

Ealph Gorrell 
Ealph Gorrell 
Alexander Martin.
Alexander Martin
Alexander Martin.
Alexander Martin.
Charles Bruce 
James Galloway. . .
Alexander Martin.
v.iUiam Gowdy. . .
Alexander Martin.
Alexander Martin.
William Gowdy. . .
Daniel Gillespie . . .
Daniel Gillespie. . .
Daniel Gillespie . . .
Daniel Gillespie . . .
Daniel Gillespie . . .
Daniel Gillespie . . .
Ealph Gorrell 
Hance McCain....
Hance McCain. . . .
Hance Hamilton. .
Hance Hamilton. .
Samuel Lindsay. .
George Bruce ....
Samuel Lindsay. .
Samuel Lindsay. .
Hance McCain. . .
Hance McCain. . .
Jonathan Parker.
Jonathan Parker.
Jonathan Parker.
Samuel Lindsay. .
Jonathan Parker.

Parker .
Parker .
Parker .
Parker.

JonathanJonathanJonathan Jonathan
John Caldwell ....
John Caldwell ....
John Caldwell . . . .
John M. Dick ....
John W. Caldwell
Jonathan Parker. .
Jonathan Parker.
Jonathan Parker .
Jonathan Parker.
Jonathan Parker.

John Collier, Robert Lindsay.
James Hunter, Eobert Lindsay.
James Hunter, Daniel Gillespie.
James Hunter, William Gowdy.
William Gowdy, James Hunter.
William Gowdy, James Hunter.
James Galloway, John Leak.
John Hamilton, John Leak.
John Hamilton, Barzellai Gardner.
John Hamilton, B. Gardner.
B. Gardner, William Gowdy.
John Hamilton, William Gowdy.
John Hamilton, Daniel Gillespie.
Hance Hamilton, Eobert Hannah.
Eobert Hannah, B. Gardner.
Robert Hannah, B. Gardner.
R. Hannah, B. Gardner.
B. Gardner, Eobert Hannah.
Hance Hamilton, Hance McCain.
B. Gardner, Hance Hamilton.
Hance Hamilton, Samuel Lindsay.
Samuel Lindsay, George Bruce.
Samuel Lindsay, George Bruce.
Samuel Lindsay, Jonathan Parker.
George Bruce, Jonathan Parker.
Zaza Brashier, Jonathan Parker.
John Moore, Jonathan Parker.
Jonathan Parker, Zaza Brashier.
Z. Brashier, Richard Mendenhall.
Z. Brashier, Richard Mendenhall.
Robert Hannah, John Howell.
Robert Hannah, John Howell.
Robert Hannah, John Howell.
Robert Hannah, William Armfield.
Robert Hannah, John Howell.
John Howell, Robert Lindsay.
Obed Macey, James Gibson.
James Gibson, James McNairy.
John Howell, James McNairy.
James McNairy, William Ryan.
William Ryan, Eobert Donnell.
James McNairy, William Eyan.
E. Donnell, William Dickey.
John Eankin, David Worth.
John Gordon, William Adams.
Samuel Hunter, David Worth.
Samuel Hunter, David Worth.
William Unthank, James Neally.
P. L. Simpson, William Unthank.

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

45

Year

SENATE

HOUSE

1826 1827
1828 182918301831183218331834 18351836 18381840 1842
1844
18461848
1850 1852

Jonathan Parker . .
Jonathan Parker . .
Jonathan Parker . . .
John M. Dick 
John M. Dick 
John M. Dick 
Jonathan Parker..
Geo. C. Mendenhall
Jonathan Parker. .
Jas. T. Morehead. .
Jas. T. Morehead. .
Jas. T. Morehead.
Jas. T. Morehead .
Jas. T. Morehead .
Jesse H. Lindsay. .
John A. Gilmer . . . .
John A. Gilmer ....

John A. Gilmer. .
John A. Gilmer.

1854 1 John A. Gilmer.

18561858
1860
1862 1864
1866
186818701872
1874
1876 1879
* 1883

Ealph Gorrell 
Ealph Gorrell 

John M. Morehead.
Peter Adams 
R. P. Dick 
Peter Adams 

E. Shoflfner 
J. W. Walker 
John A. Gilmer. . . .
W. A. Smith 
James T. Morehead.
Wm. J. Murray. . . .
J. T. Morehead . . . .
A. S. Holton 

Junius I. Scales 
D. L. Caldwell 
Jas. T. Morehead. .

F. L. Simpson, John M. Morehead.
F. L. Simpson, John M. Morehead.
F. L. Simpson, Geo. C. Mendenhall.
Geo. C. Mendenhall, F. L. Simpson.
Allen Peebles, Geo. C. Mendenhall.
Amos Weaver, Allen Peebles.
Allen Peebles, David Thomas.
David Thomas, Allen Peebles.
Ralph Gorrell, Jesse H. Lindsay.
Jesse H. Lindsay, Ealph Gorrell.
Jesse H. Lindsay, Peter Adams, F. L.
Simpson.
Jesse H. Lindsay, William Doak, David
Thomas.
George C. Mendenhall, William Doak, Jas.
Brannock.
Geo. C. Mendenhall, William Doak, Joel
McLean.
William Doak, Joel McLean, John A.
Smith.
Nathan Hunt, E. W. Ogburn, Peter Adams.
David F. Caldwell, Calvin Johnson, Jas.
W. Doak.
David F. Caldwell, Calvin Henderson
Wiley, Peter Adams.
C. Johnston, David F. Caldwell, C. H.
Wiley.
David F. CaldweU, Ealph Gorrell, C. John
ston.
D. F. Caldwell, L. M. Scott, E. W. Ogburn.
John M. Morehead, D. F. Caldwell, A.
Clapp.
C. P. Mendenhall, C. E. Shober, J. L.
Gorrell.
M. S. Sherwood, E. W. Glenn, E. W. Smith.
D. F. Caldwell, A. Clapp, A. S. Holton.
J. T. Morehead, Jr., J. S. Houston, W. E.
Smith.
Stephen G. Horney, David Hodgin.
Jonathan Harris, S. C. Eankin.
Joseph Gilmer, William Wiley.
Nereus Mendenhall, J. N. Staples.

J. A. McLean, Cyrus J. Wheeler.
J. L. King, J. W. Forbis.

*Alamance and Guilford voted together.

46

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

Year

SENATE

HOUSE

1884

Jno. L. King 

Jno. A. Barringer, J. A. Turner.

1887

J. S. Murro.w 

John A. Pritchett, B. H. Chilcutt.

1889

A. S. Holton 

J. R. Woods, 0. H. Starbuck.

1890

Jno. L. King 

Wm. Wiley, R. K. Denny.

1892

Jno. L. King 

Martin H. Holt, J. Henry Gilmer.

1894

0. H. Starbuck 

Branch C. Chilcutt, Jas. M. Sutton.

1896

A. M. Scales 

J. T. Bunch, B. G. Chilcutt.

1898

Jno. N. Wiison 

J. C. Kennett, J. C. Bunch.

1900

Jas. D. Glenn 

T. E. Whittaker, W. Robertson.

1902

Jas. D. Glenn 

T. E. Whittaker, W. Robertson.

The Greensboro bar will compare favorably with that of any town
in the State, for the learning of her judiciary and the brilliancy and
eloquence of her advocates. Among those who practiced law in
Greensboro, but who have "passed over the river", were: John M.
Morehead, John M. Dick, Geo. C. Mendenhall, Ralph Gorrell, James
T. Morehead, J. R. McLean, W. L. Scott, Chas. E. Shober, Thos. C.
Albright, R. F. Armfield, Robert P. Dick, Junius I. Scales, John H.
DiUard, A. M. Scales, David F. Caldwell, John A. Gilmer, John A.
Gilmer, Jr., David Schenck, Thos. Euffin, and Thos. Settle.
The following are the members of the bar now living in Greensboro,
some of whom served in the Confederate army, and in the councils of
the city, county, and State, with credit to themselves and honor to
the positions they filled: Honorable Levi M. Scott, Colonel Jas. T.
Morehead, Honorable John A. Barringer, Honorable A. M. Scales,
Honorable E. E. King, Wilson S. Hill, Judge Eobert M. Douglas,
Honorable Z. V. Taylor, A. L. Brooks, Geo. S. Bradshaw, O. S. Newlin,
General Robert Dick Douglas, Judge James E. Boyd, Edwin D. Steele,
Judge John Gray Bynum, Wm. P. Eagan, Judge Thomas J. Shaw,
Major Chas, M. Stedman, Honorable John N. Wilson, Honorable John
N. Staples, Judge E. C. Strudwick, E. C. Justice, W. S. Thompson,
A. B. Kimball, C. G. Wright, F. P. Hobgood, A. W. Cook, T. M. Hoyle,
T. J. Murphy, M. L. Euro, C. W. Clapp, G. S. Ferguson, Michael
Schenck, E. D. KuykendaU, J. S. Kuykendall, A. L. Palmer, W. H.
Mitchell.

CHAPTER VII
GREENSBORO'S CHURCHES

The First Presbyterian Church
The First Presbyterian Church was organized October 3, 1824,
with twelve members — eight white — six ladies and two gentle-

SMITH MEMORIAL BUILDING

men, and four negro slaves. In 1832 the first house of worship
was erected of orick. In 1833 the Sabbath school was first
organized. In 1846 the second church building of brick was
erected. In 1892 the present builuing was completed. Eev. Wm.
D. Paisley first served the church as stated supply, preaching twice
a month. Rev. John A. Gretter was the first pastor and served the
church from 1843 until his death in 1853. Rev. Martin McQueen filled
the pulpit as supply till Rev. J. Jones Smythe was called in 1855, who
served as pastor until 1859. Rev. J. Henry Smith, D. D., was pastor
from April 20, 1859, tiU his death, November 22, 1897. From Decem
ber 1, 1893, Rev. Egbert W. Smith, D. D., was co-pastor till his
father's death, and from that date has been the pastor.

48

GREENSBOEO— 1808-1904

December 6, 1903, the Smith Memorial Building was formally opened,
with appropriate services. Eev. G. B. Stickler, of Union Theological
Seminary, Eichmond, Va., was the leading speaker. Dr. Henry Lewis

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t-HHCOHCQMH
Smith, President of Davidson College, addressed the Sunday-school at
night. Other speeches were made by Honorable A. M. Scales, Colonel
Jas. T. Morehead, and Dr. Chas. D. Melver. This building was erected
at a cost of $23,000, and adjoins the First church; and Rev. A. I. Phil-
GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 49
Ups, D. D., general superintendent of Sabbath school-work, in a letter
expressing his regret at not being able to be present, says: "In all
our church there is no Sunday-school building so comprehensive in
conception, so perfectly adapted in details, so beautiful in construc
tion, so inspiring as an example of faith in action. Further I do not
believe that there is in the United States so perfect a Sunday-school
building. ' ' This is a fine tribute to Dr. E. W. Smith, who conceived the
idea of the building and plan, and supervised its every detail in con
struction. This building is a memorial to Eev. J. Henry Smith, D. D., who
served the church so faithfully and acceptably for thirty-eight years.
The Ladies' Aid Society have placed in the church a tablet to his
memory. The plate is a handsomely shaped and finished piece of
extra dark Vermont marble, five feet by three feet four inches in size.
On this is placed a highly polished tablet of imported Italian marble —
three feet, six inches, by two feet, eight inches, in size — which bears
the following inscription: "In Loving Eemembrance
of
Our Pastor,
Eev. J. Henry Smith, D. D.
1859-1897.

"Thirty-eight years, down history's tide.
In the life of this church, fondly, side by side,
Pastor and people floated gently on.
Loving and loved in days that are gone,
The billows of time have borne him away
From the star-lit dawn to the golden day."

Westminster Presbyterian Church
Westminster Presbyterian Church was organized in 1887, by a
colony from the First Presbyterian church. Its first pastor was Eev.
E. W. Smith, succeeded by Eevs. J. H. Lacey, S. O. Hall, C. E. Hodgin.

West Market M. E. Church, South
The corner-stone of the present church was laid October 18, 1893;
but Guilford circuit was formed in 1783. Yet Greensboro does not
appear in the regular appointments until 1834, when Eev. Samuel S.
Bryant was preacher in charge.

50

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

In 1830, Rev. Peter Doub was in charge of Guilford circuit, steps
were taken to build a church. A lot was secured on what is now
South Elm street, about opposite the Odell Hardware store. August
14, 1830, the corner-stone was laid by Greensboro Lodge of Masons,
and the building was completed the next year.
It was a plain two-story brick house — about thirty by fifty feet — •
perhaps not so large, with gallery all around, which was chiefly for
the use of the colored people.

WEST MARKET STREET M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH

In 1850- '51, a new church was built on West Market street, upon
land given by the trustees of Greensboro Female College (which had
already much patronage, although in its infancy) in order to get the
church near the school. This church building underwent many changes
and enlargements, but the congregation continued to grow until a new
church was absolutely necessary.
Early in the spring of 1892 it was decided, at the second quarterly
meeting, which met April 17, to build the present church, and the fol
lowing building committee was appointed: J. A. Odell, C. H. Ireland,

GREENSBOEO— 1808-1904

51

C. H. Dorsett, O. F. Pearce, G. W. Whitsett, B. H. Merrimon, S. L.
Alderman, T. M. Pickard, Samuel Brown, H. W. Cobb, H. M. Alford,
G. W. Alley, W. G. Balsley, H. L. Scott, W. H. HiU, J. M. Winstead,
C. M. Hackett.

CENTENARY M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH
Ground was broken June 26, and the first brick laid July 5. Eev. S.
H. Hilliard was the pastor in 1890 and 1894. Its pulpit has been filled
by the most distinguished divines in the denomination. Since 1837

52 GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904
the following have been assigned to this charge; and are named in the
order of service: James Purvis, Thos. S. Campbell, Wm. Closs, Addi
son Lee, Ira T. Wyche, Benjamin M. Williams, S. S. Bryant, Joel W.
Tucker, Peter Doub, Samuel M. Frost, A. S. Andrews, Jas. P. Simpson,
James Jamison, S. D. Bumpass, N. H. D. Wilson, W. H. Bobbitt, Numa
F. Eeid, L. S. Burkhead, L. L. Hendren, H. T. Hudson, Wm. Bar
ringer, A. W. Mangum, Jesse A. Cunningham, S. D. Adams, D. E.
Bruton, J. E. Mann, L. W. Crawford, S. H. Hilliard, J. H. Weaver, J.
C. Rowe, S. B. Turrentine.

Centenary M. E. Church, South
Centenary M. E. Church, South is on Arlington street. In 1884,
during the pastorate of Rev. L. W. Crawford at West Market, he saw
the need of a church in South Greensboro, and negotiated for the site
of Centenary church; but no action was taken save trimming the trees
and clearing off the ground, until 1887, when he was joined by Rev.
Jesse A. Cunniijgham and Wm. Love — each paying an equal share of
the purchase money. About forty members of West Market, who lived
south of the railroad, took transfers and at once organized and went
to work building a church. The three purchasers made a deed of gift —
naming the church Centenary. In 1902 the church membership had
outgrown the building and a lot was purchased on the corner of
Arlington and Asheboro streets, and a modern, up-to-date, and com
modious church will soon be built. The first regular pastor was G. F.
Smith, in 1887, and he has been followed by E. L. Stamey, Solomon
Pool, W. M. Bagby, J. E. Gay, T. E. Wagg, Ira Erwin.

Proximity M. E. Church, South
Proximity M. E. Church, South, was established in 1898, through
the efforts of Revs. L. W. Crawford and G. J. Eowe, and built upon a
site donated by Mr. Csesar Cone and his wife. The following have
filled the pulpit since its organization: G. J. Eowe, V. L. Marsh, J. A.
Bowles.

Spring Garden M. E. Church, South
Spring Garden Chapel M. E. Church South, was built in 1899, as a
part of the charge of West Market church. The site is a donation

GREENSBOEO— 1808-1904 53
from Eev. L. W. and Mrs. Crawford, who also aided liberally in the
construction of the building. Rev. L. W. Crawford has continuously
filled the pulpit. It was designated as a charge by admission into the
annual conference in 1902. An enlarged church was built the same
year.

The First Baptist Church
The First Baptist Church was organized in Greensboro in 1850
by Elder Elias Dodson, a missionary. In 1851 he purchased the small
church owned by the Methodists. It stood on South Elm street in front
of the Odell & Company's store. In 1872 Elder Dodson sold the church
to Beulah Association. For several years there was no regular pastor.
Orin Churchill filled the pulpit most of the time. The first pastor was
Elder Amos Weaver, who was succeeded by Elder Jackson in 1857. In
1859 Eev. John Mitchell came to Greensboro and on March 13, 1858
organized Greensboro Baptist church. From 1865 to 1867 Eev. Patrick
Fountain acted as supply; from 1867 to 1870 Eev. F. H. Jones and Dr.
Harrell supplied. In 1871 Rev. J. B. Richardson was chiefly instru
mental in raising funds for a new church. He served as pastor during
1873- '74. Eevs. S. F. Conrad, W. E. Gwaltney, Elders Trezevant Har
rison, and E. F. Baldwin filled the pulpit, until 1884, when Eev. J. M.
Bachelor served as supply. In July, 1885, the church was burned, while
Mr. Gwaltney was pastor. In 1887 the site of the present church
was purchased and a church built, known as Washingnon street.
In 1890 Eev. W. B. Wingate was its pastor. And then the following:
Eevs. C. A. G. Thomas, Livingston Johnston, W. Carey Newton. In
1902 the name was changed to The First Baptist church. In 1903
Dr. Henry W. Battle became its pastor.

Walnut Street Baptist Church
Walnut Street Baptist Church was built at Proximity cotton mills,
in 1902. Pastor, J. H. Eich.

St. Barnabas' (Episcopal)
On Wednesday afternoon, May 31, 1871, the Bishop of the Diocese,
the Rt. Rev. Thomas Atkinson, D. D., LL. D., laid the corner-stone of
St. Barnabas' Church.
Previous to this a small congregation had been organized under the
care of the Rev. J. R. Joyner, and worshipped in the county court
house.

54

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904

Bishop Atkinson in his annual address to the Convention, 1872,
writes as follows:
"May 26, at Greensboro, I consecrated the church of St. Barnabas
and administered the Lord's Supper, the Rev. Mr. Huske preaching
the sermon and Messrs. Oertel and Joyner taking part in the services. ' '

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH

The church was built after the designs of the Rev. Mr. Oertel, and
its erection was due largely to the consecrated efforts of Mary Cain,
wife of the late Judge Thos. Ruffin, and to the late Dr. Jas. P. Foulkes.
Mr. Joyner was followed in the rectorship by the venerable and
saintly Dr. Wheat.
The succeeding rectors were the Rev. Wm. Preston Bynum, the Eev.
Eobert Dean Sutton, the Eev. Alfred Houghton Stubbs, the Eev.

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 55
Edwin H. Green, the Rev. Jacob Jabez Lanier, the Rev. Horace Weeks
Jones, April, 1896, who was succeeded by Rev. H. Baldwin Dean, D.
D., the present rector.
St. Barnabas' church removed from the original location, corner
Greene and Gaston streets, to the new location, corner Price and North
Elm streets. May — July, 1900.
St. Barnabas' Rectory, 411 North Elm street, was built in 1897, and
occupied in August of that year.

St. Cuthbert's Chapel
St. Cuthbert's Chapel was built in 1896, and is under the same rec
tory.

St. Andrew's (Episcopal)
The mission was started in South Greensboro about 1891, and was
first under the charge of the Eev. Finner S. Stickney. The church
was built in the- Spring of 1893, and in June of that year the mission
became an independent parish, with Rev. F. S. Stickney as rector.
He resigned to go to Charlotte in September, 1893, and Rev. J. D.
Miller was in charge of the parish from October, 1893, until September
30, 1900. The church" is on the corner of Arlington and Lee streets.

St. Mary's Memorial Chapel
St. Mary's Memorial Chapel is a part of St. Andrew's parish. It
was built in 1898 by Judge W. P. Bynum, of Charlotte, N. C, and
donated to the parish for the use of the Episcopalians in attendance
at the State Normal College. Both church and chapel were consecrated
in May, 1900, by Bishop Cheshire.

Grace M. P. Church
It was decided at the Conference held in Henderson that a church
was needed in Greensboro, and Eev. J. E. Ball was appointed a mis
sionary to undertake the work. The result was a neat and attractive
building, begun in the spring of 1891, and completed in 1892.
The first pastor was Eev. T'. L. Ohrum, of Maryland. The formal
opening was held in September, 1892; by Eev. S. J. Ogburn, soon after
which Eev. Mr. Ohrum died. In June of 1893 Eev. J. S. Williams
became the pastor and filled the pulpit for three and a half years.

56

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904

GRACE M. P. CHURCH
During 1897 Rev. J. F. McCulloch, editor of "Our Church Record "-
served as pastor. At the beginning of 1898, Rev. T. M. Johnson took
the pastorate, and is still in the work to the delight of his people and
the great good of the church.
The church is on East Lee street, near Arlington.

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 57
St. Agnes' Catholic Church
St. Agnes' Catholic Church was flrst built on Forbis street in 1876,
but being too small, was sold to the city and is now Lindsay street
high school. For a number of years this church had no resident pas
tor, but was supplied by a priest from another place. In 1890 Eev.
Chas. Mohr, O. S. B., became resident pastor, he was succeeded by Eev.
Francis Meyer, O. S. B., who in turn was succeeded by Eev. Joseph
Muller, O. S. B.
The new church (St. Benedict's), corner of North Elm and Schenck
streets, was built in 1900, when the former church was sold to the city.
Eev. Anthony Meyer, O. S. B., was its first pastor, and he was
succeeded in 1902 by Rev. Vincent Taylor, O. S. B., the present pastor.

Friends' Church

Friends' Church was built in 1901, on Bast Lee street, near South
Elm. The flrst pastor was Rev. Jas. R. Jones. He was succeeded by
Eevs. Joseph Potts, Joseph Peele, J. Edgar Williams.

Christian Church

Christian Church was built in 1903 on the corner of Walker avenue
and Eugene streets. Pastor, L. L. Johnson.

First Reformed Church
First Eeformed Church was built in 1902 on the corner of West Lee
and Spring streets. Pastor, Shuford Peeler.

Nowhere in the South is the colored race more noted for its thrift,
intelligence and Christianity.
The following are the names of the different churches of the colored
people in Greensboro : St. Matthew 's M. E. Church, St. Joseph 's A. M.
B. Church, Trinity A. M. E. Zion, St. James' Presbyterian, Congre
gational, Providence Baptist, Shiloh Baptist, and Mt. Sinai Baptist-
Some of the church buildigs are handsome structures.

CHAPTER VIII
BANKS, HOTELS, AND THE PRESS

Greensboro National Bank
The Greensboro National, with its predecessors, is the oldest bank
in Greensboro, tracing its succession through almost half a century, to
the old Bank of Cape Fear. Its immediate predecessor, the National
Bank of Greensboro, was organized, as such, in January, 1876, succeed
ing the Bank of Greensboro, which was the successor iu Greensboro of
the old Bank of Cape Pear. Its first Board of Directors was Jesse
H. Lindsay, Julius A. Gray, W. J. Armfield, Lyndon Swaim, Jed H.
Lindsay, W. S. Hill, and J. M. Odell, and, having successfully lived
out the score of years allotted by law to National Banks, was suc
ceeded by the Greensboro National, the last in the line of succession.
No single banking institution in Greensboro has played so conspic
uous a part in its industrial development. Jesse H. Lindsay, its first
President, as a National Bank, by his wealth, his elevated public
spirit, his breadth and liberality of view, gave to the development of
Greensboro an impetus that is still felt; while its second President,
Julius A. Gray, built the Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley Eailroad,
giving a short and quick route to tide water, and making Greensboro
iu fact the Gate City of the State. Its last President, Neil Ellington,
was connected with the old Bank of Greensboro as bookkeeper, then
cashier of the National Bank of Greensboro, until, in 1891, he became
its President; then President of the re-organized Greensboro National
Bank in 1896, and is at its head today. He has been a leading spirit
in promoting Greensboro's phenomenal growth within the last twenty
years, and has been prominently identified with many of the larger
enterprises of which Greensboro boasts today. Since his connection
with the Greensboro National and its predecessors, he has seen the
community transformed into a thriving and prosperous city of twenty
thousand souls, from a straggling railway village.
In popular confidence, the Greensboro National is as strong as
Gibraltar, with ample resources to meet the increasing needs of its
growing community; and its financial strength years ago placed it in
the front rank of the larger banking institutions of the State.
Its officers are: Neil Ellington, president; W. S. Hill, vice-president;
A. H. Alderman, cashier; Frank C. Boyles, teller. The directors are:
W. E. Bevill, W. J. Armfield, C. M. Vanstory, A. G. Kirkman, W. S.
Hill, L. McCulloch, J. M. Odell, E. M. Rees, W. H. Ragan, R. E. King,
Neil Ellington.

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

59

Greensboro Loan and Trust Company
No institution within its borders shows the rapid and healthy
growth of Greensboro to a greater extent than does the Greensboro
Loan and Trust Company.

GREENSBORO LOAN AND TRUST COMPANY BUILDING
Five years ago it existed only on paper; today its home is one of
the most imposing buildings in the city, and its total assets amount

60 GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904
to more than eight hundred thousand dollars. After only a little more
than four and a half years of life it ranks both in assets and individual
deposits fifth among all the state banking institutions in North
Carolina. About the beginning of the year 1899, Captain J. W. Fry, formerly
General Manager of the Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley Railroad, and
several gentlemen associated with him, foreseeing the growth of the
city, began the organization of a trust company which would combine
with the business of a commercial bank the fiduciary duties and
powers of the great companies of the larger cities. They accordingly
obtained from the legislature of 1899 a special charter, associated
with themselves many of the leading business men of Greensboro and
the surrounding towns, and on October 2, 1899, opened the doors of the
Greensboro Loan and Trust Company, with J. W. Fry as president,
J. S. Cox as vic^-president, and W. E. Allen as secretary and treas
urer, together with a board of representative directors.
From the first its business was eminently successful and on July
24, 1901, it moved into its permanent home, a handsome three-story
brick and stone building on South Elm street, which had been designed
and built especially for its needs, containing a large fire and burglar-
proof vault and safe deposit boxes, a burglar-proof screw-door, safe
and convenient and roomy banking room, and offices finished in hard
wood. On April 1, 1902, it absorbed the business of the People's Savings
Bank, which was the pioneer savings bank of the city and had been
in successful operation since 1887, making J. Ad. Hodgin, the treasurer
of the Savings Bank, the manager of its Savings Department, and
adding several of the Savings Bank's most prominent officers to its
Board of Directors.
The original officers are still with the company and manage its
affairs to the entire satisfaction of its stockholders and patrons. Its
business is at present divided into four departments; the Banking
Department which does a general commercial banking business; the
Savings Department, which receives and pays four per cent, interest
upon savings accounts; the Insurance Department, which writes fire
and other forms of insurance policies and official, judicial, and fidelity
bonds for standard companies; and the Trust Department, which acts
as receiver, trustee, assignee, executor, administrator, guardian, and
fiscal agent for corporations, firms, individuals, and estates.
D. C. Waddell has charge of the insurance department.
In the words of one of its officers, "it aims to combine liberality
with conservatism, and both with fidelity to duty and attention to
business ' '. City National Bank
The City National Bank — (formerly the Piedmont Bank, which was
organized about 1889) was re-organized under the National Banking
act of 1899. The first president was General A. M. Scales, who died in

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 61
1892. He was succeeded by J. M. Winston, who died in 1894. J. M.
Walker was then elected president and conducted the affairs of the
bank until January 1, 1904, when continued ill-health forced him to
resign. The present officers are W. S. Thompson, president; J. Van
Lindley, vice-president; Lee H. Battle, cashier. The directors are J.
C. Bishop, W. C. Bain, C. H. Dorsett, J. A. Davidson, Wm. Cummings,
E. J. Stafford, J. A. Hoskins, J. Allen Holt, W. S. Thompson, and J.
Van Lindley. Capital stock $100,000, with surplus and undivided
profits aggregating $20,000.00. Their handsome six-story building
opposite the Guilford, will be ready for occupancy by November 1,
1904.

Southern Loan and Trust Company
The Southern Loan and Trust Company was organized in 1890.
It was re-organized in 1890, and began business with a capital of
$25,000.00. From 1890 to 1893 the business conducted was confined
to the collection of rents and the buying and selling of real estate and
the selling of real estate on commission. In 1895, the officers of the
Southern Loan and Trust Company organized and assumed the
management of the Southern Stock-Mutual Insurance Company,
Greensboro's flrst fire insurance company, and from time to time dur
ing the next eight years in response to the demands of the business
have organized and managed with conspicuous success four other
fire insurance companies, namely the Underwriters of Greensboro, the
Insurance Department of the Southern Loan and Trust Company, the
Home Insurance Company of Greensboro, and The Southern Under
writers, which constitute the successful group of the Greensboro Fire
Insurance Companies.
In 1897 the business of the company was extended by adding the
Loan and Trust department.
The Banking Department began business in January, 1900, with
deposits of $40,000.00.
On July 1, 1903, the capital stock was increased to $200,000.00 and
the Life Department of the Southern Loan and Trust Company was
organized and began business.
In the Spring of 1903, the business men of South Greensboro united
in a request to the Southern Loan and Trust Company to establish
a branch bank in that section of the city. This request was met by
the erection of a suitable branch banking house in South Greensboro,
and the Bank of South Greensboro, branch of the Southern Loan and
Trust Company, opened for business October 12, 1903.
The following are the officers of the several departments: E. P.
Wharton, president and manager loan and trust department; A. W.
McAlister, vice-president, and manager insurance department; R. G.
Vaughn, treasurer, and manager banking department; David White,

62

GREENSBOEO— 1808-1904

secretary and manager real estate department. Directors: A. M.
Scales, E. P. Wharton, J. M. Hendrix, R. G. Vaughn, A. W. McAlister,
Z. V. Taylor, E. E. Bain, H. T. Ham, and David White.
In 1904 the banking and loan and trust business was separated
from that of the insurance department.

SOUTHERN LOAN AND TRUST COMPANY BUILDING
Greensboro 's five banks are all officered by liberal-minded, judicious,
discreet business men — all identified with the city's interests — and
amply able to furnish all the banking facilities needed by the various
business enterprises centered in and around the city.

GEEENSBOEO- 1808-1904

63

GREENSBORO'S HOTELS
The hotels of Greensboro add much to the attractive and business-
Ijringing features of the city, and would reflect credit upon a much
larger place. They are commodious, modern, and well equipped. We
mention below the more prominent of them.

HOTEL GUILFORD

HOTEL GUILFORD

The Guilford, the most modern and best-equipped hotel in North
Carolina. COBB & FEY, Proprietors.

LOBBY— HOTEL GUILFORD

64

GEEENSBOEO— 180 8-1904

Hotel Benbow
(Jharles D. Benbow, proprietor, on South Elm street, was opened to
guests in May 1902 — when completed — and not only is the building
new, but everything is new and strictly up-to-date. It is conceded by
the traveling public that nowhere south of New York can be found a
better fitted-up or arranged hotel, or one where the comfort of the
guests is more carefully considered. The main building is of five
floors, covering an area of sixty-six by one hundred and flfty feet,
with an annex attached three-stories high, fronting two hundred and
three feet on Elm street, with a depth of eighty feet. There are

HOTEL BENBOW
one hundred and thirty-two sleeping rooms, affording convenience
for over twelve hundred guests. The house was built under the per
sonal supervision of Mr. Chas. D. Benbow, who was resident man
ager at Pinehurst, this State, for James W. Tufts, of Boston for several
years; during which period Mr. Benbow supervised the construction of
flve of Mr. Tufts' hotels. No man better understands the details of
successfully conducting a hotel than Mr. Benbow. The hotel is finished
throughout in handsome hardwoods and the floors are of polished oak.
The rooms are all spacious, and airy, with no "inside" rooms. Every
apartment is fitted with a telephone, and there are eighty-four private
baths and toilets in the hotel. Every room is built en suite. The bed
steads are iron; the mattresses sanitary; which with scientific plumb-

GEEENSBOEO- 1808-1904

65

ing, heating, and ventilation, all combine to make the house healthful
and comfortable in both Winter and Summer. There is a roof promen
ade with an area of thirteen thousand square feet. There are drawing
rooms, parlors, reading and writing rooms, private reading rooms, etc.;
also a spacious office, provided with all modern conveniences. The
dining room seats two hundred, and no better fare is obtained at any
hotel. Mr. Benbow 's stay at Pinehurst revealed the fact that many of
the visitors would be glad of a good house at which a stop could be
made between the North and Florida, and he had this iu view when
he constructed The Benbow. Mr. Benbow 's father, the late Dr. D. W.

*' « i i 1 1 : If

4 "^ % ^ hv-^

1 1 1

THE BENBOW ARCADE
C. Benbow, built the first up-to-date hotel in this city, which occupied
the site of Hotel Guilford, and conducted it for twenty-one years,
eleven years of which time Mr. C. D. Benbow was manager.

The Benbow Arcade
The Arcade, a five-story building, just opposite the Benbow, and used
as part of the same, is nearing completion, and has over one hundred
rooms for guests, besides the stores on first floor. Mr. C. D. Benbow
is the owner.

66 GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904
Hotel Clegg
The location of the Hotel Clegg is one of the most desirable in the
city, the house being immediately opposite the railroad depot, which,
practically, is near the center of the business section. The Hotel Clegg
was established in 1891, and its business has expanded with the devel
opment and growth of the city. The hotel is run both upon the
American and European plan, the rates being $2.00 and $2.50 per day,
and $1.00 up per day respectively. Connected with the hotel is a cafe
which is never closed, also a lunch counter, which are reached from
the railroad station simply by crossing the street. The Hotel Clegg now
contains seventy-two sleeping rooms, twenty-six of them having been
recently added. All modern conveniences are here available for the
comfort of guests, and the bill of fare set before them leaves absolutely
nothing to be desired. Being close at hand to the railroad, there is no
baggage express to pay and trains can be caught at the shortest
notice. Mr. W. F. Clegg is both the proprietor of the hotel and owns
the property. He is thoroughly experienced in the hotel business, with
which he has been connected for seventeen years. He is also engaged
in other enterprises here. As the W. F. Clegg Commission and
Brokerage Company he transacts a wholesale fruit and produce busi
ness, handling bananas, oranges, lemons, and all kinas of fruits and
produce, doing both a city and country trade. He also manufactures
cigars and deals in tobaccos, under the style of W. F. Clegg.

Hotel Huffine

Hotel Huffine — Gresham & Company, proprietors, adjoins the South
ern Eailway depot. Greensboro has better hotel accommodations than
any other city of its size anywhere. Among its attractive and well-
conducted hotels must be mentioned the Hotel Huffine, which has since
October 1, 1901, been under the proprietorship of Messrs Gresham &
Company of which firm Mr. Sanders was a member. The hotel is very
conveniently located, adjoining the depot, travelers being enabled to
step from cars immediately into the hotel without even crossing the
street. The Huffine has forty-five sleeping rooms and can accommodate
one hundred guests or more. Sample rooms are provided for the use of
commercial travelers, with all conveniences. The rates are $2 per day
on the American plan, or from 50c. upwards on the European plan.
Attached to the hotel is a first-class restaurant where meals can be
obtained at any hour of the day or night, either at fixed prices or a la
cartfi. There is also a buffet which is practically in the station, where
light lunches are obtainable on the shortest notice. This hotel has been
run by Mr. Gresham for four years, and continues to increase its
patronage.

GREENSBOEO- 1808-1904

67

THE PRESS OF GREENSBORO
The following is condensed from a scrap book of the late Lyndon
Swaim, who was for more than fifteen years editor of the Greensboro
Patriot; and to his daughters the writer is indebted for this extract:
The Greensboro Patriot was started in 1824 or 1825, by Dr. L. G.
Watson and a Mr. Potter — who only continued it a short while. It
passed into the hands of T. Early Strange, who sold the office to Wm.
Swaim in 1827. Mr. Swaim died in 1835, and the paper was continued
by A. E. Hanner, who took as a partner, C. N. B. Evans, who after
wards was associated with John D. Clancey. In 1839, Lyndon Swaim

HOTEL CLEGG
and M. S. Sherwood became owners, and continued the Patriot until
1854, when Mr. Swaim retired. In 1857, James A. Long became a part
ner of Mr. Sherwood. In 1861, Mr. Long withdrew. In 1863, A. W.
Ingold and John C. Clendenin bought the plant. In 1867, D. F. Cald
well took control of the paper. In 1868, Jas. W. Albright and his
brother, Eobert H. Albright, became the owners. In 1870, Jas. W.
Albright sold his interest to his brother. From that date to the
present it has changed hands frequently, as follows: P. F. Duffy
with Jas. W. Albright, then with E. H. Albright, and afterwards with
Eugene Morehead. Mr. Duffy was succeeded by E. T. Fulghum; after
whom came John B. Hussey, Z. F. Whitehead, and Mr. Myrover. In
1890, the Patriot became the property of Bethel, Scales & Cobb. In
1891, Jesse E. Wharton purchased the plant. In 1893, W. M. Barber
& Company became proprietors, and under their management the

68 GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904
Patriot has fully maintained its honorable record of the past, and
broadened its field of usefulness. It is still the property of this com
pany, with W. M. Barber as editor.

On November 17, 1890, J. M. Eeece and H. J. Elam began the pub
lication of the Daily Eecord. It was originally a five-column paper.
On March 30, 1891, it was increased to six columns, and its size has
been increased at various times to its present size — six columns, eight
pages. It is a lively, up-to-date publication, and is generously sup
ported by the public. Mr. Elam sold his interest to Mr. Eeece, who
is making a paper worthy of the large patronage it now receives.

The Telegram was established July, 1897, as an evening paper, by
a joint stock company. For some time E. M. Phillips was editor and
business manager. It is now published as a morning paper, ably
edited by R. W. Haywood.

Rev. J. L. Michaux started the Methodist Protestant, the organ
of that church in North Carolina, and for many years ran it ably and
successfully. Our Church Eecord, now published by Eev. J. F. McCul
loch, is a continuation of this publication.

The North Carolina Christian Advocate, a consolidation of the
State church papers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was
moved to Greensboro in 1893. It was first edited by Eev. F. L. Eeid,
and W. L. Grissom, later by Eevs. P. L. Groome and H. M. Blair, and
then by Rev. L. W. Crawford and T. N. Ivey. It is the official organ
of the Western North Carolina Conference, and is now edited by
Rev. H. M. Blair.

In 1903, Colonel Al Fairbrother, removed his semi-monthly. Every
thing, from Danville, Virginia, to Greensboro. It is an excellent
journal, and adds much to the city's reputation as the literary center
of the State. The editor of this magazine has a national as well as
a State reputation.

Papers that no longer live, but had a hold upon the public in their
day: In 1854, James W. Albright, then a lad learning his trade in the
Patriot office, published for six months a weekly called The Squib.

Mr. C. C. Cole was born in Stokes county, N. C, February 12 1834-
came to Greensboro in 1848, and made his home with his uncle, Dr. J. L.

GREENSBORO- 1808-1904 69
Cole. He graduated from Trinity College with flrst distinction, July,
1854, at the age of twenty. Scarce a month had elapsed after gradua
tion before he was editing a temperance newspaper in Greensboro,
which he called ' ' The Guardian ' '. One year later he associated with
him in the newspaper business the writer, and the paper assumed the
name of "The Times", and was run as a literary paper until 1861.
Such writers as Wm. Gilmore . Simms, John Eston Cook, and Mrs.
Sigourney were regular contributors. In May, 1861, he raised a com
pany for the war and was elected captain. He was soon promoted to
major of the Twenty-second Regiment, and upon the death of Colonel
Gray in 1863, was made colonel, and fought in every battle in which
his regiment was engaged, until he gave up his life. May 3, 1863, upon
the bloody fleld of Chancellorsville, the day after General "Stone
wall" Jackson received his mortal wound. He was a Christian gen
tleman in the truest sense of the word — ^brave and courageous to a
fault — ^yet as gentle and loving as a woman. ' ' None knew him but
to love him, or named him but to praise."

CHAPTER IX
A FEW ITEMS OF SPECIAL INTEREST

Whig Campaign of 1840
The first of any special interest was the memorable Whig campaign
of 1840 — "the days of Harrison, Tyler, and Tippecanoe!" The writer
well remembers the log-cabin on wheels, which was built in Virginia,
and traveled as far as Salisbury before the campaign ended. Quite
a number of distinguished men attended the march of the old log
cabin. It was covered with coon-skins and had a barrel of cider on
behind where a place was built like on a stage-coach for carrying
trunks. Inside was a band — several kettle-drums and fifes, and a huge
bass-drum. Following the log-cabin was a canoe, also on wheels, and
several persons, dressed and painted as Indians. Honorable John M.
Morehead was the whig candidate for governor, and the old whig
county of Guilford was wild over the prospect of his election. He was
elected.

Breaking Ground for North Carolina Railroad
A big celebration, with a barbecue, at the ceremony of breaking
ground on the North Carolina railroad, took place July 11, 1851. The
first shovel of dirt was thrown by Honorable Calvin Graves, of Caswell
county, whose vote as speaker of the House of Representatives, gave
Greensboro this great railroad. The dirt was taken from the middle
of South Elm street, about in front of the present fine depot build
ing. The barbecue was in a fine grove where the depot now stands
and embraced all the ground between the railroad tract and Buchanan
street. Thousands of people were present.

The Railroad Completed
Prom the Greensboro Times, published by Ogburn, Cole, & Albright,
dated January 31, 1856, we copy:
"Yes! the North Carolina railroad is completed, and trains are run
ning from end to end, uniting east to west with an iron band that

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904

71

cannot be broken. On the twenty-ninth of January, 1856, the last
rail was laid, and the two approaching squads shook hands with joy
and greeting — ^the road was completed. We are glad that our repre
sentative. Honorable D. F. Caldwell, who labored so faithfully to
secure the charter, and then the stock, had the pleasure of driving the
last spike, and delivering an address of congratulation to the working
squads, and those who had assembled to witness the closing labor.
The companies met some five miles west of Greensboro, and after
considerable congratulations and cheering the two trains ran down

SOUTHERN RAILWAY PASSENGER DEPOT

to town with all hands on board — and such holloeing, singing, and
cheering by the negroes — commingled with the bellowing of the two
engines was, perhaps, never heard before by our citizens."
This was one of the happiest days in the life of "Uncle Frank"
Caldwell — for no man worked more zealously than he for this great
railroad. We copy from the Times of the same date:
"The company was chartered January 27, 1849, with a capital of
$3,000,000 — the State agreeing to subscribe $2,000,000 when $1,000,000
of the capital stock should be subscribed for and one-half the amount
paid into the hands of the treasurer of the company. The first condi
tion, requiring a million dollars' subscription to the capital stock.

72 GREENSBORO— 1808-1904
was complied with in 1850, and on the eleventh day of July of that
yeari the company was duly organized. * * * Colonel Walter
Gwynn, chief engineer says: 'It is worthy of note that the whole
simount was subscribed by individuals, without aid of corporations —
the largest subscription thus made to any public improvement in the
southern country. * * * In July, 1851, the gradation and masonry
was let, and on the eleventh, the ceremony of 'breaking ground'
was performed in Greensboro, by Honorable Calvin Graves, whose
casting vote, as speaker of the Senate, secured the charter of the
company. * * * The earth which was removed was deposited
in a copper box to be sealed up with the charter of the company;
the names of the original subscribers to the stock, the newspapers
and coins of the day, with a scroll containing an address to be read
at the one hundredth anniversary of the celebration of 'breaking
ground.' "
From the above it will be seen that the road was completed just
seven years and two days from the granting of the charter. Colonel
Gwynn says ' ' the subscription of one million dollars by individuals,
chiefiy farmers, who worked out a half million upon their own
resources, is an achievement unprecedented in the annals of the pub
lic works of this or any other country * * * and vindicates the
energy, enterprise, and industry of the citizens of the State "-
We have often heard "Uncle Frank" Caldwell say that many of the
small stockholders paid their subscriptions by grading with hand
carts and wheelbarrows.

Political Mass Meeting at Guilford Battleground
From the Times of August 7, 1856 : ' ' The greatest political rally
and the ablest speaking we ever heard was last Friday and Saturday
on the old Guilford Battleground. * * * At sunrise on Friday
the deep-mouthed cannon roared forth over these ever memorable hills
and dales in a national salute, well worthy of the cause and the
occasion. * * * On that very spot, was fought one of the hardest
confiicts of the battle, which has not inaptly been called the turning
point in the Revolution. » * * Governor John M. Morehead acted
as president, and addressed the meeting, as did Governor Wm. A.
Graham, and Honorable N. H. Boyden, who spoke as old-line whigs,
but in full sympathy with the American ticket, with Filmore and Don-
nelson as candidates for president and vice-president. Messrs. Davis,
K. Rayner, Nash, Young, and Brevard spoke as Americans. * » »
The meeting adjourned Saturday evening with the greatest enthusiasm,
some of the oldest men present shedding tears profusely, with nine

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 73
cheers for Filmore and Donnelson, and Honorable John A. Gilmer,
(who was the candidate for governor), the audience, supposed to be five
thousand, dispersed for home."
[The young men who fired that cannon — the same one now at the
Battleground and believed to have been used in the Battle of Guil
ford Court-house, were John L. Hendrix and Jas. W. Albright, both
living at this time.]

Annual Re-Union of Non-Residents
The Greensboro Industrial and Immigration Association and Young
Men's Business Association, jointly conceived the idea of having an
annual reunion of non-resident native North Carolinians, to be held
in Greensboro. Governor Aycock endorsed the movement, and so did
the State legislature. The first gathering took place October 12, 1903,
which is "North Carolina Day". Hundreds came, and twenty-three
states were represented, and many of the foremost men of the nation
were present. The program was as follows: Sunday, October 11: Ser
mons by Eev. A. C. Dixon, D. D., of Boston (a native of Cleveland
county); Eev. C. W. Byrd, D. D., of Atlanta (Harnett county), and
Eev. Walter W. Moore, D. D., of Eichmond, Va. (a native of Mecklen
burg). Monday: Exercises were held in City Hall, Honorable M. W.
Ransom presiding. Address of welcome was by Governor Chas. B.
Aycock. Responses to address of welcome were made by representa
tives from North Carolina Societies in New York City, Philadelphia,
Baltimore, Eichmond, Washington City, Atlanta, and elsewhere. At
night many receptions were held. Tuesday: The exercises were held
at Guilford Battleground, where addresses were delivered. The first
speaker was Judge Fitzgerald, of the Supreme Court of Nevada, who
is a brother of Bishop Fitzgerald, and a native of Eockingham county;
then speeches were made by the following gentlemen in the order
named: Mr. Barlett, of Indiana; (Guilford); Honorable Joseph M.
Dixon of Montana (Alamance) ; Dr. Paul Barringer, of the University
of Virginia; Honorable Murat Halstead, of Cincinnati; Rev. Dr. Dixon,
of Boston; Honorable Walter H. Page, editor of World's Work; Judge
J. C. Pritehard, of Washington; President Edwin A. Alderman, of
Tulane University, New Orleans— all proud that they were born in
North Carolina, or descendants of some one who was. Tuesday night
a general reception was held in the Smith Memorial Building of
the First Presbyterian church. This was a notable gathering of the
ladies and gentlemen of the city, who turned out in large numbers to
do honor to the men of North. Carolina who reflected credit upon their
native land m distant states — among whom were judges, congress
men, lawyers, preachers, farmers, and bankers — all joyous to meet

74 GREENSBORO- 1808-1904
once more their relatives and the friends of their school days. So suc
cessful was this flrst reunion, that it is now a chartered association,
and will hold annual meetings October 12.

The Annual Meeting United Confederate Veterans
The State annual reunion of the United Confederate Veterans,
General Julian S. Carr, commandant, met with Guilford Camp, Captain
J. W. Scott, commandant, in Greensboro, August 20, 1902. General
Jas. M. Ray, of Asheville, commandant of the Tar Heel Brigade, who
never misses either general or state reunions, says: "The Greensboro
reunion was the best conducted, and the attendance the largest ever
held in the State. That the city did itself proud by its lavish and
generous attention to the 'old vets', and that all in attendance will
never cease to speak well of their treatment — everything being done
that could be to make their stay pleasant." The tents were pitched
in the shaded lawn of the Eckel place, corner of Washington and
Davie street (now built up witn fine stores and residences). The
number in attendance was estimated at one thousand two hundred
who were fed under the direction of Dr. W. A. Lash, commissary
of Guilford Camp.

The First Benbow — City of Flowers."
In May, 1871, when the first Benbow House was opened to the
public; was a notable event and had much to do with bringing the
infant city to the attention of the outside world. Honorable David
Bennett Hill, of Elmira, New York, and about thirty other editors
from New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, came to Greensboro,
under the leadership of that veteran railroad man, Major N. H.
Hotchkiss, Traveling Agent of the Chesapeake and Ohio, and Rich
mond and York Eiver railroads, by invitation of Mayor E. M. Sloan
in behalf of the city. The Benbow House was headquarters, and
from the kind words these distinguished editors said about Greensboro
and her citizens, when they returned home, may be dated her start
to success — as the coming city of the State. These editors called the
town, "The City oi Flowers "-
Of this notable meeting we will quote from Major Hotchkiss' book
"The Pine and the Palm", published soon after the return of the
editors to their homes:
"At Reidsville we were met by a committee of reception from
Greensboro, consisting of his honor. Mayor. R. M. Sloan, and Messrs.

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

75

Jas. W. Albright, J. B. Balsley, Wm. Collins, and W. B. Boggart, of
the city council, together with a large number of private citizens. On
arriving at the depot we found a large crowd of people to receive and
welcome us. After an introduction by the Mayor, P. F. Duffy, editor
of the Greensboro Patriot, addressed his northern brethren in a neat

OpqmH
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76 GREENSBORO— 1808-1904
welcome speech, to which our vice-president, S. H. Parker, and Honor
able J. H. Selkirk responded in the happiest manner. A general shak
ing of hands took place, when a parade was formed, and headed by a
band brought from Eichmond by the city, we marched arm in arm
with the citizens of Greensboro to the Benbow House, a new and
commodious hotel, not yet quite completed. Ex-Governor Zebulon B.
Vance was among the invited guests at the hotel, and we were all
duly presented to him in turn. * * * The Benbow House is a
manifestation of new life for the old town. When fully completed
it will compare favorably with the best hotel edifices in any of our
minor cities, in point of size, beauty of architecture, convenience,
and finish. Its cost will be in the neighborhood of $40,000. Evi
dently Dr. Benbow believes his town has a wider future before it,
else he would not invest so much in a way, that at present, can scarcely
pay. But he is one of the most enterprising men the town has, and
deserves great credit for his pluck and push. So fine a house as he
has erected must do much toward general improvement. * * * At
3.30 p. m., we sat down to the "municipal dinner", at the Benbow,
Mayor Sloan presiding. To the sentiment 'Our Guests: we greet
you! ' Mr. A. A. Hopkins, of Eochester, N. Y., responded, and Gov
ernor Vance replied. * * * Addresses were also made by Honor
able D. B. Hill, of the excursion party, and Judge E. P. Dick, of
Greensboro. * * * After dinner we strolled over the city. Within
five miles is the scene of Greene's Eevolutionary battle of Guilford
Court-house — ^within twelve miles is that of General Johnson's sur
render to- General Sherman. * * * There are many beautiful
residences — Mr. A. P. Eckel's attracted our attention the longest for
its beautiful flowers and shubbery. "

CHAPTER X
GREENSBORO AND THE CONFEDERACY

Governor Vance in Greensboro
In April, 1865, soon after General Lee's surrender. Governor Vance
left Ealeigh and established his headquarters in Greensboro, occupy
ing the office of Mr. Levi M. Scott, for several days. Mr. Scott,
Honorable John A. Gilmer, Mr. Jesse H. Lindsay were present when
he wrote the following proclamation:
' ' State of North Carolina, Executive Department,
"Greensboro, April 28, 1865.
"By the Governor of North Carolina — a Proclamation:
"Whereas, by the recent surrender of the principal armies of the
Confederate States, further resistance to the forces of the United
States has become vain, and would result in a useless waste of blood;
and whereas, all the natural disorders attendant upon the disband
ing of large armies are upon us, and the country is filled with numerous
bands of citizens and soldiers disposed to do violence to persons and
property: "Now, therefore, I, Zebulon B. Vance, Governor of the State of
North Carolina, m the sincere hope of averting some of the many evils
which threaten us, do issue this, my proclamation, commanding all
such persons to abstain from any and all acts of lawlessness, to avoid
assembling together in crowds in all towns and cities, or doing any
thing whatever calculated to cause excitement; and earnestly appeal
ing to all good citizens who are now at home to remain there, and to
all soldiers of this State to retire quietly to their homes, and exert
themselves in preserving order. Should it become necessary for the
protection of citizens, I also appeal to the good and true soldiers of
North Carolina, whether they have been surrendered and paroled or
otherwise, to unite themselves together in sufficient numbers in the
various counties of the State, under the superintendence of the civil
magistrates thereof, to arrest or slay any bodies of lawless and unau
thorized men who may be committing depredations upon the persons
or property of peaceable citizens, assuring them that it will be no viola
tion of their parole to do so. And I would assure my fellow-citizens
generally, that, under God, I will do all that may be in my power to

78 GREENSBORO- 1808-1904
settle the government of the State, to restore the civil authority in
her borders and to further the great ends of peace, domestic tran
quility, and the general welfare of the people. Without their aid I am
powerless to do anything. Z. B. VANCE.
By the Governor: A. M. McPHEETERS, Private Secretary."
This was printed and widely circulated.
The author is indebted to Mr. Levi M. Scott for this and many
other items in this book.

Greensboro During the War Between the States
Greensboro and Guilford county were both overwhelmingly against
secession, and while preparing for the worst, still hoped that in some
way a clash of arms could be averted. But when South Carolina and
Virginia seceded, and Governor Ellis called the voluntary military
companies in the State to his aid, the Guilford Grays promptly
responded. Still Judge E. P. Dick, Honorable John A. Gilmer, and
others had hope — so strong was their love for the "Stars and Stripes "-
On Friday night, April 18, 1861, the Grays met in the court-house
ready to take their leave for Goldsboro. Talks were made by Judge
Dick, Mr. Gilmer, and Eiohard Sterling. Mr. Sterling emphasized the
sentiment that a strong military was the best way to preserve peace.
Mr. Gilmer and Judge Dick endorsed the sentiment of Mr. Sterling,
and urged the ' ' boys ' ' to respond promptly to the call of Governor
Ellis, and said substantially: "Go! defend your State! Carry with
you the "Stars and Stripes", and fight under that banner! Repell
any armed force that puts foot upon North Carolina soil — whether it
comes from South Carolina, Virginia, or Yankeedom! " And amid
cheers, and with three days' rations, the Grays took the cars for
Goldsboro — expecting to return harmless after a short term of service
¦ — so sanguine was the feeling that there would be no war.
Lieutenant John A. Pritchett, Mebane Lamb and Jas. W. Albright
— the only married men in the company save Captain John Sloan, were
allowed to remain at home, if they would lend their uniforms to some
young men who were not members.
Mebane Lamb took work in a gun factory in Greensboro, J. A.
Pritchett went into the Home Guards, and Jas. W. Albright served
three years in the Army of Northern Virginia.
From that day until the few wh<J survived of the hundreds of
Guilford's brave sons reached their homes after the surrender of their
great leaders — Generals Lee and Johnson — Greensboro was the scene

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 79
of much military activity — patriotism and suffering on the part of the
men; devotion and sacrifice on the part of the women.
The first draft to fill the rapidly depleting ranks of the Confederate
army was made in Greensboro in February, 1862. This was a sad day.
It was sad enough to those left behind, when their loved ones volun
tarily bade them good-bye and left for the war in 1861; but now to
see them forced to go, it was hard, indeed, for scarcely a week had
passed for six months without bringing news of the death of some
dear husband, son, or brother. In May, 1862, the conscript act was
passed by the Confederate Congress. The rigid enforcement of this
law stripped the South of all the able-bodied men, and left the women,
with their children and negroes to cultivate the fields and do all the
hard work upon the farms and around the house. Now the poor suf
fered greatly, and in the main with little complaining — finding time
to knit socks, weave jeans, and make clothes for loved ones in the
army. Scarce a soldier visited old Guilford during the war, on a
furlough, who did not return with a well-filled box of provisions and
clothing for himself and brother comrades. It would be unjust to the
thousands of slaves in Guilford not to say that they stood by their
old owners and their families — toiling faithfully, and manifesting
great affection for those at home and weeping with them when the
news came of the death or wounding of one of the family. Some
followed their owners through the whole war — cooking and doing
chores as they would have done at home.

Confederate School Books
In 1861 Eichard Sterling and Jas. D. Campbell, who had prepared
a series of school books, from a primer and spelling book to first,
second, third, and fourth readers, formed a copartnership with Jas. W.
Albright — who had to suspend The Times for want of mail facilities,
putting his printing office into a company known as Sterling, Camp
bell & Albright, book publishers and printers.
In February, 1862, the firm purchased an Adams book press in
Columbia, S. C, and an improved Rammage hand press in New
Orleans. No engine could be had to run the Adams press, and a horse
power made by A. P. Boren, near Pomona, for running cane-mills and
threshing-machines, was purchased and placed in position in the rear
of the printing office, which was in the brick building 218 West Mar
ket street. A horse was purchased — C. F. Thomas, now one of Greens
boro's leading job printers, was a lad and acted as motorman. Thus
equipped, with Joseph H. Fetzer, Wm. H. Curtis, and D. i-f. Sherwood
as printers, the work of issuing books began. The books were called

80 GREENSBORO- 1808-1904
"Our Own Primer", "Our Own Speller", and "Our Own" first,
second, third, and fourth readers — copyrighted by Sterling and Camp
bell. The firm continued to do business until the house was closed
by order of the Federal troops in possession of the town after John
son's surrender, April 26, 1865. [The readers had a defence of
slavery.] There was no limit to the sale, as few other school books
were printed in those troublesome days — and there were many thou
sands of each book printed. The firm also printed "Our Verbal
Primer'' (like in use now — teaching children to read before learning
the alphabet), but the writer does not remember who was the author.
It was not a favorite with the old-time school teachers. Also a Pri
mary Grammar, by Charles W. Smythe, A. M.; an arithmetic by Prof.
S. Lander; a Latin Grammar, by Wm. Bingham, of Bingham Military
School were printed. The greatest trouble the firm had was to get
paper — white rags not being on the market save for hospitals. Much
of the paper was made at the Salem and Wake Forest Mills, and
mostly from raw cotton, damaged chiefly by water or fire in its
owner's effort to keep it out of harm's way. The firm sent J. J.
Ayers, a Frenchman who was a teacher in Edgeworth Female Semi
nary, to Liverpool, England, where he had the books stereotyped and
succeeding in getting them back on the Advance on its first return
trip from the Bermudas.
The firm also printed much script for the counties in this State and
Virginia, and all the script for "The Greensboro Mutual Life Insur
ance and Trust Company', of which D. P. Weir was treasurer.

At the Close of the War Between the States
In April, 1865, before Johnson's army surrendered, the paroled
soldiers from Lee 's army — knowing further fighting was useless — ¦
and knowing the town was filled with quartermaster 's and commissary
stores — could not await the distribution, which was soon to take place.
Major James R. Cole, a Greensboro boy, now of Dallas, Texas, in a
book of reminiscences, published in 1897, thus describes this event:
"Our town was in a miserable condition. The great houses of quar
termaster stores were thrown open and the contents, worth millions
of dollars, were distributed. The avarice of men, the insubordination
of reckless soldiers who had lost everything, the fear that all these
valuable goods of which they stood so much in need might fall into
the hands of the advancing enemy, all wrought upon the soldiers to
such an extent that riot and plunder and storming of houses were
following rapidly upon each other. They stormed the Confederate
quartermaster stores of Major Chisman, and pillaged the whole

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 81
of one great building. * * * Soon a detachment of the Forty-
Eighth North Carolina Regiment was seen coming down the street
at a double-quick, led by a captain. Rushing into the midst of the
multitude, the captain commanded them to disperse; the reply from
the leader of the mob was a pistol shot. The officer returned the fire,
and hurled him from his horse a dead man, at the same time ordered
his men to fire. For a few minutes the crack of musketry was rapid
and deadly, both sides fighting, but soon the desperate mob fled.
* * * Four of the mob were slain in this melee. * * Major
James Sloan begged Governor Vance to relieve him of his position
as Chief Quartermaster of the State because of his old age, and the
governor appointed me in his stead. Feeling greatly the sudden
responsibility of having $2,000,000 worth of goods to be distributed
under such dangerous circumstances, I called for an officer who knew
how to obey orders. Major Brantly, a fine looking soldier from
Mississippi reported to me, and I addressed him: 'Will you obey
orders to the letter?' 'I will.' 'Take three hundred men on whom
you can rely, and post them around the warehouse of the quartermas
ter stores and allow no one to enter without my permission.' » * *
' ' Soon came the old women from far and near, who had been charg
ing over guards, relying upon their sex to protect them from bullets,
but the bayonets of Brantly glittered in their front. Turning fiercely
upon me they screamed: 'We want some of them goods!' 'You
can't have them.' 'Why don't you distribute them?' 'We are
distributing them to the soldiers.' 'We want some of them.'
'You can't get them.' Turning to the guard, I said: 'If any
person attempts to break your line, shoot him on the spot!' That
settled them, and there were no more houses stormed and all the
goods were distributed to the Confederate soldiers before Sherman's
arrival. * * *
"President Davis, of the Confederate States had taken up his
quarters in a car on the railroad track, where he slept and held his
councils of war, and State. * * * During the negotiations between
Generals Johnson and Sherman to arrange the preliminaries and terms
of surrender. President Davis ordered General Dibbrell's division of
Wheeler's cavalry to march with him as an escort. Late in the after
noon of a cloudy day in the latter part of April, the President of the
Confederacy, Jefferson Davis; the secretary of war, John C. Breckin
ridge; the secretary of State, Judah P. Benjamin; the secretary of the
treasurer, Mr. Trenholm; the postmaster-general, John H. Regan, and
other officials of the government, slowly left the town — Mr. Davis
and General Breckenridge on horseback, the others in ambulances, the
railroad being torn up by Stoneman. ' '

Mrs. Letitia Walker, daughter of Governor John M. Morehead, in a
paper read before the Greensboro Chapter of the Daughters of the

82 GREENSBOEO— 1808-1904
Confederacy, has this to say of the entrance into Greensboro of Sher
man's army:
' ' President and Mrs. Davis remained over one night in Greensboro
in their car, declining the invitation of my father, for fear the Federal
troops should burn the house that sheltered him for one night. Men-
ninger and his wife remained over several days with us for a rest,
bringing with them Vice-President Alexander Stevens, so pale and
careworn, but the price was on his head, and we tearfully bade him
God speed. Never can I forget the farewell scene when the brave
and grand .loseph E. Johnson called to say farewell, with tears run
ning down his brown cheeks. Not a word was spoken, but silent
prayers went up for his preservation. » * * But one fine morning,
amid the sound of bugles and trumpets and bands of music, the
Federals entered Greensboro, fully thirty thousand strong, to occupy
the town for some time. General Cox was in command. He, Burn-
side, Schofield, and Kilpatrick, with their staffs, sent word to the
mayor that they would occupy the largest house in town that night,
and until their headquarters were established. They came to Bland-
wood, which already sheltered three families and several sick soldiers.
My father received them courteously and received them as guests —
an act which General Cox appreciated, and after placing his tent in
the rear of Judge Dick's house, he rode up every afternoon to consult
with the Honorable John A. Gilmer and my father on the conditions
of the country. He was a most courteous and elegant man, and in
many ways displayed his sympathy with us. * * * Very soon a
note was received announcing the arrival of Mrs. Cox and the hope
that Mrs. Gilmer and Mrs. Walker would do him the honor to call
upon his wife. * * * She received us in Mrs. Dick's parlor, sim
ple in manner, dignified, bordering on stiffness — in contrast with the
genial manners of her husband. * * * a grand review oi all the
troops was to be held on the next Saturday, and a pavilion was built
in the center of town — upper seats to be occupied by the Federal
ladies. By nine o 'clock a four-horse ambulance with outriders was
sent with a note from General Cox again 'begging the honor of Mrs.
Gilmer's and Mrs. Walker's company, with Mrs. Cox to witness the
review.' Mrs. Gilmer flatly told her husband that she refused to
add one more spectator to the pageant, for it was an enemy's bullet
that had maimed her only son for life. Violent, decisive words and
very ugly ones, too, were spoken by the other lady; but a peremptory
order was given, and with bitter tears, accompanied by one of our
soldiers, she went to the pavilion, to be received so graciously by
Mrs. Cox."

[Extract from my Three Years' War Diary.]
Greensboro, Thursday, April 20, 1865. — Having ridden from Appo
mattox, after a day's rest, I reported to General Beauregard, who was

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 83
in command of the Confederate forces in Greensboro. I gave an
account of my services at Petersburg, on the retreat, and how I got
to Greensboro. . He asked me where I was Sunday of the surrender of
General Lee. I replied that I left Appomattox at midnight Saturday
with orders to go to Lynchburg for ammunition — that I was acting
ordinance officer for the Twelfth Virginia Battalion of Light Artillery.
The General replied: "Well, sir, you were included in the surrender
of the Army of Northern Virginia, and you must take no part in the
military transactions of our forces here or elsewhere, and if we
evacuate Greensboro remain here until legally paroled." I inferred
from his language that General Johnson would be compelled to sur
render and that the war was virtually over.
When Sherman's army marched into town the printing office and
book store of Sterling, Campbell & Albright was closed by military
orders, and no Southern school books — ^which were published by this
firm — ^were allowed to be sold — because the readers defended slavery.
I went to see the commandant of the post, a Major Worth (whom I
afterwards learned was from New York, and a nephew of John M.
Worth, of Eandolph county) ; and asked him to let me open the print
ing office and try to get work, as I was a practical printer and a
member of the flrm, and for three years in the Confederate service,
and awaiting my parole here having made good my escape from
Appomattox — not knowing I was included in the surrender until I
reached Greensboro and was so informed by General Beauregard.
Major Worth seemed interested in my story or me, and told me to
call next day. I did so, and he said I could open the job office, but
not the book store; and he added: "I will give you the job of print
ing the paroles for Johnson's army." I replied, "all right, but I
have no paper fit to print on" He said, "I will send you the copy
and paper at once and want you to hurry up the work"- I replied
that I would, took the key to the office — hunted up my brother, E. H.
Albright, who was paroled at Appomattox. We went to work with
a will, and the way we turned out paroles was marvelous — considering
we had nothing better than a Eammage hand-press. But we kept
ahead of the officers after delivering the first thousand. I never asked
Major Worth what he would pay — indeed he might refuse to pay
anything — so myself and Bob felt happy when he handed us $125 in
greenbacks and asked if that would pay us for the work. I replied —
^'Yes, Major '>'; and felt rich.

CHAPTER XI
GREENSBORO AND HER MERCHANTS
In her early days all the business of Greensboro was conducted
chiefiy on the four squares immediately around the old court-house.
Thos. Caldwell & Sons (D. F., E. N., and W. A.) were on the corner
where the postoffice building stands; Henry Humphries, on the corner
of South Elm and West Market streets; Robt. Moderwell, on the site
of the Hotel Guilford; The Lindsays, Eobert, Harper, and Jesse, on
corner of North Elm and East Market streets; Scott & McAdoo, on
corner of Gaston and North Elm streets; the Sloans, Robert, James,
and John, where Sykes' drug store stands; Eankin & McLean on the
corner of Davie and East Market streets. If there were any other
stores of note in the forties they have escaped my memory.
Today we have many firms that do more business in one day than
all these combined did in a year.

Odell Hardware Company
Among wholesale enterprises of this city the most casual observer
must accord to the establishment of the Odell Hardware Company a
foremost position. The origin of the business dates back to the year
1872, when Mr. J. A. Odell instituted a wholesale and retail dry
goods and notions business. Later on a hardware department was
added, with Mr. C. H. Ireland as manager. In 1884 the business was
incorporated under its present title, and the dry goods department
was discontinued, and the entire energies of the concern devoted to the
hardware and kindred lines. From the occupation of a small two-
story building, and the transaction of little more than a local trade,
this house now occupies most commodious quarters and transacts the
largest business of the kind, not only in this State, but throughout the
entire southern section of the country. The premises occupied in this
city consist of a three-story and full basement double building, cover
ing an area of forty-eight by one hundred and thirty-seven feet, with
a four-story warehouse in the rear, of the dimensions of sixty by one
hundred and twenty feet. The company have lately built a handsome
office building adjoining their original store, of which they entered
into occupation March 1, 1902. This is seventeen and a half by one
hundred and forty feet in dimensions and three stories high. The

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

85

entire ground floor is handsomely and conveniently arranged for office
purposes, the basement and upper floors being used for storage. The
immense stock handled by the house comprises hardware of every con
ceivable kind, mill supplies, agricultural tools and implements, man
tels, grates, tiles„etc.' ' Speaking first of the l^rdware department, one
may say that in alLthe multitudinous forms that the term includes, the
extent, variety, and quality of the stock leaves no place unfilled. In
addition to a general line, specialties are made of shelf hardware, pipe
and pipe fittings, cutlery and guns, tinware and woodenware, farm

Uii*ftgv-E'aa^^BMft3a->..j,a, ,L^

ODELL HARDWARE COMPANY BUILDINGS
tools, paints, oils, etc. Supplies are received, of course in carload
lots, direct from manufacturers and first-hands generally, and the
house obtains all its goods under the very best conditions, enabling
them to be offered to the trade at lowest prices. The company make
specialties of certain lines of goods. They handle the " U. M. C. " and
"Winchester" shell ammunition. They are also agents for the South
Bend Chilled Plows and the Eoss Ensilage Cutters. The company make
a specialty of mantels, grates, and tiles. A particular department is
devoted to this line.
The officers are J. A. Odell, president; C. H. Ireland, treasurer and
general manager; J. Norman Wills, secretary.

July 5, 1903, Jas. R. and R. S. McClamrock came from Winston to
Greensboro and began business as journeymen plasterers and placing
grates and mantels. Now their business extends all over the South,

86 GREENSBORO— 1808-1904
and they not only sell mantels, tiles, and grates, but take orders to
place them in your house. A visit to 324 South Elm street will well
repay you — for more artistic work and a larger variety to select from
can be found nowhere in this State. You can get anything you want
and beautify your home — expending much or little, as your purse
dictates. The aim of this house is the production of strictly high-grade goods
at a reasonable price, and this accounts for their rapidly increasing
patronage. The best evidence of the growth of a city is the accession of well
established business houses. A few years ago Mr. E. M. Andrews, the
largest furniture dealer in the State, opened a branch store in Greens
boro. He had faith in the city, and has made it his headquarters.
He now conducts branch stores in Charlotte and Wilmington, N. C,
Rock Hill, S. C, and Augusta, Ga.
The Raleigh News and Observer says: "When people hear the
name of E. M. Andrews, it tells them of a business that is a success,
and of a progressive business man, whose name stands for reliability.
Formerly, he was of Charlotte, but now he is located at Greensboro,
where he has headquarters for the distribution over a great territory
of the standard lines of pianos and organs. Throughout the length
and breadth of North Carolina he is known, and his business keeps
growing. ' '
The North Carolina Christian Advocate endorses the above, and
adds: "There are thousands of North and South Carolina homes
furnished with the best to be had in furniture purchased from Mr.
Andrews. He has been in the furniture business for a number of years,
and since moving from Charlotte to Greensboro, he has organized and
is now controlling the largest furniture establishment in the State."
Mr. Andrews will be found on South Elm street, near Odell Hard
ware Company, and if you are in need of anything to go into your
house call and see his complete line of organs, pianos, furniture,
stoves, household furnishings, etc. His stock is immense and com
plete, and it would be difficult to want anything to make home com
fortable or attractive that he cannot furnish — either at wholesale
or retail.
Few business men have been more successful, and it is gratifying
to state that his business has greatly increased since he became a
citizen of Greensboro.
Much of the side-walk paving is being done by Mr. Sam. Brown,
who contracts for all kinds of brick or cement paving.
Few people remain in Greensboro very long until they inquire for a
liveryman. To such Tatum & Taylor, 115 Depot street, are commended.

, GREENSBOEO— 1808-1904 87
The Asheboro Street Pharmacy is nearly opposite the graded school
and has a good class of patrons. Mr. Eobert Hill is in charge and is
one of the proprietors.
At the candy manufactory at Hotel Guilford, by S. Chouris, will be
found a full line of best, freshest, and purest candies of his own
make. He occupies the room formerly used as a caf§.
In all progressive towns a man who is an expert in placing boilers,
and erecting machinery and smoke-stacks, is a man much sought after.
Mr. O. D. Boycott, who has had fourteen years' experience, is that
man. The Greensboro Steam Laundry, 111-113 West Market street, was
established April, 1891, by the proprietor, John M. Dick, who conducts
a very thorough and up-to-date establishment, with all the modern
appliances. Mr. C. P. Vanstory was for many years the leading liveryman in the
city; but for two years has run a sales stable — handling only the best
grade of horses and mules. He began business in 1872 at his present
quarters on Davie street.
Few cities of the size of Greensboro can boast of a better book or
art store than that of Wharton Brothers, 206 South Elm street. The
firm began business in 1895, with a store twenty-five by one hundred
feet, with picture frame factory in the rear. The stock of books
embraces current literature, school books, church hymnals, etc.
Bernau & Ellington, opticians and jewelers, 204 South Elm street,
commenced business in Greensboro in 1901, and stand at the head of the
business in their line. The firm is inspector of watches for the
Southern railway, which is sufficient evidence of its skill in this
branch. Mr. Bernau has had twenty-one years' active experience in
the jewelry business. He came to this city from Abbevixle, S. C.
Plumbers and gas fitters are never found outside a growing town,
hence the firm of J. E. Rich & Son, whose headquarters are Asheville,
established a branch in this city in 1900. The son, J. L. Rich, who
looks after the business here has not been idle. He has satisfactorily
filled the following contracts: Heating plant at North Carolina State
Normal College, county jail, plumbing at City Hall, and many private
residences. J. Ed. Albright, plumber, came to the city as foreman of the
plumbing establishment of Odell Hardware Company. In 1901 he
added to his plumbing, heating, gas fitting, manufacturer of awnings,
etc. He has done some very fine work. We only mention a few: the
plumbing in the new office building of the Cone Export Company,

88 GREENSBORO— 1808-1904
also the heating in the fine residences of Mr. C. M. Vanstory and Dr.
Dred Peacock.
The Greensboro Real Estate Exchange, officered by J. R. Hughes and
A. L. Rankin, with office in Benbow House, is doing an extensive
business selling city property and farm land adjacent to the city.
They are both "natives and to the manor born", and can tell a
prospective purchaser just what he wants and either sell it to him or
buy it for him if it is not on their catalogue. These gentlemen went
into the real estate business in 1900.
J. W. Scott & Company are the largest wholesale dealers in dry
goods and notions in the State. The firm started in business in 1871,
in a small way, but have grown to an incorporated company with
$60,000 capital. They are in their own building, a handsome structure
on West Washington street. At first they handled both dry goods
and groceries; but disposed of the grocery stock in 1903. The officers
are J. W. Scott, president and treasurer; W. C. McLean, secretary. T.
D. Sherwood, one of the directors, is general buyer.
The Scott-Sparger Company is a wholesale grocery concern, and is
enjoying a large and growing business. The company was organized
in April, 1903, and succeeded to the well-established grocery business
of J. W. Scott & Company, also that of the A. B. Messick Company.
Mr. J. H. Sparger, formerly senior member of Sparger Brothers,
tobacco manufacturers, of Mt. Airy, is the president; J. W. Scott, vice-
president; R. E. Steele, former manager of A. F. Messick Grocery
Company, sales manager. They have a large new building on South
Davie street, with their own side track, affording excellent facilities.
W. C. Bain, contractor, has been in Greensboro twelve years, and
during that time has built more houses than any other contractor.
He came from Durham. We will only mention a few of the houses
he has built in this city. City Hall, Methodist Protestant Publishing
house building, the Sunday-school annex of the First Presbyterian
church, and the dormitory of the North Carolina State Normal College,
which was destroyed by fire in 1904. Also has the contract for City
National Bank's new building opposite Hotel Guilford. He is always
in demand.
J. M. Hendrix & Company, of South Elm street, who carry a general
line of dry goods, notions, shoes, etc., have been in business in
Greensboro for many years. He is a Greensboro man and his father,
John L. Hendrix, was in business in the city in 1856. Few firms
have a deeper hold upon a good line of patrons than J. M. Hendrix &
Company. They know how to get and hold trade.
The motto of this firm is, "Once a customer, always a friend",
hence their trade is not limited to the city and county, but extends to
the near-by cities.

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 89
The Leak-Halladay Company is the successor of J. N. Leak, who
three years ago established the business of handling exclusively car
pets, rugs, mattings, tapestry, linoleums, floor cloths, window shades,
etc. The specialty of the house is fltting carpets to residences, hotels,
offices, etc. The stock is always complete, but special orders will be
taken and ordered direct from the manufacturers.
This company will be found at 221 South Elm street, and a more
beautiful display of carpets, rugs, curtains, wall paper, etc., was never
seen in Greensboro. You will have no difficulty in obtaining just
what you need, and at a reasonable price.
There is no house in Greensboro where the ladies can rely more
safely upon getting the latest effects in fine dry goods, notions,
lace curtains, etc., than at the store of S. L. Gilmer & Company, 234
South Elm street. This house has been in business long enough to
know just what the ladies need and will have; and their buyer is an
expert of unsurpassed taste and good judgment. It is a firm which
has, by fair dealings, established itself in the confidence of the public.
The proprietors and clerks are courteous and painstaking, and take
great pleasure in displaying goods and giving prices, which can always
he relied upon as cheap for the quality of the article exhibited.
In 1896 Mathews, Chisholm, & Stroud established a clothing house at
300 South Elm street. In 1898 the firm name was Rankin, Chisholm,
Stroud & Rees; but in 1900 it assumed the name of Chisholm, Stroud,
Crawford & Eees. The store is at 300 South Elm street, in the center
of business, and the firm does its share of the trade of the city, with a
fine trade within radius of fifty miles. Mr. J. W. Crawford is buyer
and manager; Mr. W. R. Eees is in charge of the financial and official
departments. They also do a jobbing business with outside merchants.
All they ask of any one in need of any goods in their line is a call;
for they feel sure an examination means a purchase, and a permanent
customer and good friend in the future.
The up-to-date enterprise presided over by E. M. Caldcleugh &
Brother was instituted by the senior partner over twenty years ago.
It is pleasing to note the rapid growth of this firm. A small frame
building on the corner of Sycamore and South Elm streets was where
it fijst began to build up the enormous trade it now enjoys. Now
they own their own building, thirty-two by two hundred feet, with a
warehouse in the rear, twenty-five by seventy-five feet — both well
filled with china, glass, and crockery ware, lamps, etc. The flrm does
both a wholesale and retail business.
It is always a pleasure to these gentlemen to show any one through
their well-arranged and carefully-selected stock of goods.

90 GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904
The Vanstory Clothing Company went into business in 1900, but
C. M. Vanstory and Wm. G. Balsley were in copartnership nearly
twelve years before this date. The flrm does an extensive business in
clothing, hats, men's furnishings, etc., at wholesale or retail. Cus
tom tailoring is also a specialty. C. M. Vanstory is president,
W. G. Balsley, vice-president, G. A. Eankin, treasurer. If they can't
suit in ready-made goods they will take your order and have a suit
made for you.
Every one of the flrm — as well a many of the clerks — have grown
up in the business and with Gre jsboro, and know just what the
local trade needs. They have an ei tensive business acquaintance with
all the counties surrounding old Guilford.

Greensboro Nurseries
While growing nursery stock has long been a leading feature in
Guilford county, some of the first and best nurseries in the State were
established here many years before the war of 1861- '65. S. W. West-
brook and his son, C. W. Westbroow, who was succeeded by J. M. Ward
& Sons, conducted the business for at .least fifteen years. In 1884
the present proprietor, John A. Young, purchased Mr. Ward's interest.
He acquired the sole ownership in 1886; since which time the opera
tions have steadily increased, until now his nursery covers an area
of four hundred and eighty-seven acres — two hundred and fifty under
cultivation. On this farm are about two hundred thousand apple,
one hundred and fifty thousand peach, and fifty thousand pear trees,
besides cherry, apricot, and plum trees, strawberry plants, etc. He
sells almost exclusively by agents, who travel throughout the most of
the southern States. Mr. Young believed that hogs would be an
advantage to his fruit trees, by eating the faulty fruit, and he began
the raising of fine hogs. He has also added a herd of thoroughbred
Jersey cattle. Mr. Young is also president of the Cleveland Orchard
and Nursery Company, of Ward Gap, Patrick county, Va.

The j. Van Lindley Nursery Company
The J. Van Lindley Nursery Company dates its inception to 1866,
when Mr. Lindley began the nursery business with his father, Joshua
Lindley, who was the first man in the State to establish the growing
of nursery stock for general sale, and leading authority upon all mat
ters pertaining to the growing of fruits or cultivation of fruit trees.

GREENSBOEO— 1808-1904 91
Mr. J. Van Lindley has been identified with the industry from
childhood, and with him it has been a "labor of love", as well as a
business. His experience, of course, is beyond criticism, and as evi
dence of the appreciation in which his knowledge is held we may state
that he is president of the Horticultural Society of North Carolina.
The possessions of the company cover altogether about one thousand
acres, three hundred and fifty of which are under cultivation. There
are eight greenhouses, making in all twenty thousand square feet under
glass, used in growing plants for cut flowers. The remainder is for
the cultivation of nursery stock. The house makes a specialty of
flowers in all designs, for weddings, funerals, and social functions
generally, also for decorative purposes, etc. Particular attention is
given to the production of roses and carnations, the first including the
famous American Beauty, which are here grown to perfection. Flow
ers are shipped to any point within a five-hundred-mile radius and are
carefully packed so as to ensure their reaching their destination fresh
and in the best condition. With regard to the nursery department
some idea of the extent of the enterprise may be realized from the
following figures: The company have now on their land in cultivation
four hundred thousand peach trees, three hundred thousand apple
trees, fifty thousand pear trees, fifty thousand plum trees, one hun
dred thousand grape vines, besides some two hundred thousand other
assorted trees, vines, plants, etc. The specialty of this house, and the
cornerstone upon which its reputation is firmly established, is the flll
ing of all orders true to name, and furnishing such trees and plants
that bear fruit exactly as represented, also the collection of such
varieties of the different fruit and other trees as are suited to the
various sections in which they transact business. Different fruits
need different climates and soils, and there are some unscrupulous
houses who sell trees indiscriminately without regard to these condi
tions. But it is safe to say that all who may order of this house can
absolutely depend upon everything being as represented, and this fact
— well known — has been the cause of the high reputation and appre
ciation which the concern enjoys. The stock here available includes
apple, peach, plum, and mulberry trees, grape vines, small fruit plants,
nut-bearing trees, including Japanese walnuts, chestnuts, and pecans;
shade trees, maples, poplars, willows, evergreens, flowering shrubs,
and ornamental plants generally. Specialties are made of peach trees,
different varieties ripening from June to October, winter apples,
Japanese plums — ^which have come largely into popularity within
recent years — and nut trees. The company are constantly testing new
varieties, and making experiments with foreign products with some
of which they have met with gratifying success. The company pub
lish an illustrated catalogue and price lists, also pamphlets and other
printed matter, which they will at once forward upon application, as

92 GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904
well as answers to inquiries and all required information. The trade
of the company extends throughout the entire South and they also
make shipments to the Northern sections. They have about seventy-
five travelers, calling on farmers and others, and they employ about
sixty men on the estate. The gentlemen conducting the business are:
J. Van Lindley, president; Paul C. Lindley, vice-president; and G. S.
Boren, secretary and treasurer.

PHYSICIANS AND DENTISTS
The physicians who once lived in Greensboro, but long since dead,
were: Dr. I. J. M. Lindsay, A. 8. Porter, Cummings Mebane, J. L. Cole,
H. M. Alford, A. H. Staples. The following are now practicing in the
city: J. E. Logan, J. G. Broadnax, E. K. Gregory, W. P. Beall, Miss
Joy Harris, Ed. Harrison, C. L. Scott, Chas. Eobinson, J. T. J. Battle,
E. E. Michaux, John Thames, A. L. Ledbetter, E. L. Stamey, W. J.
Richardson, A. E. Brooks, B. W. Best, J. P. Turner, W. J. Meadows,
Thad L. Troy, J. B. Matthews, A. L. Fortune, A. E. Wilson, W. B.
Murphy, J. W. Long, J. E. Grimsley, J. E. Dellinger, W. H. Hughes.

Dentists of old, now dead: J. W. Hewlett, D. P. Gregg, A. H.
Robinson. N ow practicing: J. S. Betts, G. W. Whitsett, L. M.
Humphrey, J. W. Griffith, A. J. Burton, J. E. Wyche, J. H. Wheeler.

CHAPTER XII
GREENSBORO'S MANUFACTURING INTERESTS
In 1830, Henry Humphries, had a five-story cotton factory on Greene
street, nearly opposite the present standpipe. He did an extensive
business and sold his goods in Virginia, Tennessee, South Carolina,
and upper Georgia. Money was scarce in those days and he issued
his own script — ^which was as good in all those States as gold. The

¦'_ t ? I 1 f

MOUNT HECLA STEAM COTTON MILLS
This picture is enlarged from one on a one-dollar bill, reading as follows : North
Carolina—The proprietor of the Mount Heela Steam Cotton Mills promises to pay the
bearer on demand one dollar in current money. Henry Humphreys, proprietor.
Greensborough, June, 1837.
bills were lithographed and printed by E. Morris, of Philadelphia, and
are very fine specimens of art. The bills were of the denomination of
121/2, 25, and 50c., $1, $3, and $5.
The output was bunch cotton and sheeting.
Sometime during the early fifties, Thomas E. Tate, a son-in-law of
Mr. Humphries, who was then the owner, moved the machinery to
Mountain Island, on the Catawba river, because of the scarcity of
wood and want of railroad facilities to bring coal.
As early as 1840 a chair and furniture factory was in an old frame
building on West Market street, where now stands the Banner

94

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

Tobacco warehouse. The goods were brought from Petersburg and
Fayetteville in wagons, in the knock-down state. A Mr. Danforth was
in charge, and the chairs were all wood — called Windsor. A child 's

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GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 95
arm chair and a large rocker are now in the possession of the writer —
and very serviceable — and have been in use ever since 1840. This
building remained a furniture shop until in the sixties when it was
condemned by the city and torn down. Harrison Kirkman, Joseph
Sears, Wm. Amos, and Eobert Denny, in the order named, ran the
shop. Fine veneered bureaus, bedsteads, etc., were made. John A.
Pritchett was in the furniture business in the fifties, but, I think, on
the lot where he now resides.
The bedsteads were about seven feet high, making room for a
trundle-bed underneath, and curtains above all round the occupants.
They were kept in place with ropes, and the spring-cleaning of our
grandmothers was a huge job — no one who has never seen this can
appreciate it from anything written.
Eeuben Dick, in the forties manufactured cigars, snuff, and plug
tobacco on the lot where F. Detmering lives.
Harrison Warren about the same time manufactured wool and fur
hats and ran a dye establishment, at his home, which was about
where W. C. McLean lives.
Miss Nancy Clark bleached, dyed, and shaped the sky-scraper leg
horn bonnets for the women.
Eose & Overman had a carriage factory opposite Hotel Guilford in
the forties, and turned out many fine vehicles, and kept the old stage
coaches in repair.
Jed. H. Lindsay had a saw-mill about where the Southern railway
crosses Lindsay street, about the same time.
Governor J. M. Morehead also had a tin shop where Colonel J. N.
Staples' residence stands. The work was done by his slaves.
Dr. I. J. M. Mebane, also had a, tin shop on the lot now owned
by W. A. Bevill on West Market street. His slave, Wash, was the
leader of a colored band, and he made all the instruments, which were
tin or copper.
Tinware and the repairing of copper stills were profitable industries
before 1857 when the railroad reached the town.
With the exception of blacksmith's shops and shoe shops and tailor
shops the above comprised Greensboro's industrial enterprises.
What has the last fifty years brought to Greensboro in this line?
We will mention a few of the most important — in the order of their
coming as far as possible:

96 GREENSBORO- 1808-1904

Greensboro Furniture Company
Established 1890. Joint stock company. Manufacturers of all kinds
of furniture.

Greensboro Sash and Blind Factory — The Oldest in the City
Established 1881. J. R. Mendenhall and J. W. McNairy, proprie
tors. All kinds of wood materials for contract builders.

Spoke and Handle Factory
Established 1892. Branch Merrimon, proprietor. Makes spokes
and handles for foreign trade.
W. H. Snow was the first man in the State, if not the South, who
manufactured spokes and handles, and his factory was in Greensboro
in the seventies. He removed to High Point, and was one of the
chief factors in its wonderful growth as a manufacturing town.

Hunter Manufacturing and Commission Company
Hunter Manufacturing and Commission Company was organized
January 10, 1897. E. G. Vaughn, cashier City National Bank, is
president; J. S. Hunter, secretary and treasurer. The company man
ufacturers • Old North State Overalls ' ', and does a general wholesale
commission business.

The Sergeant Manufacturing Company
The Sergeant Manufacturing Company is the successor of the
Pioneer Foundry which was in operation before the war of the
sixties. They made plows, castings, and did general machinery
work, and were the first in the city. The firm name was Yarborough
& Tarpley. Sergeant & McCauley succeeded this firm in 1869, and
enlarged the plant and began the manufacture of cooking and heat
ing stoves, the first in the State. The present plant of the house com
prises a two-story machine shop, forty-eight by one hundred and thirty-
two feet, a foundry, forty by one hundred and twenty feet, and a cast
ing house, twenty-four by thirty-six feet. The machinery and appli
ances of the latest improved character are operated by a thirty-five
horse power boiler and two engines; about twenty-five skilled mechanics
and others being employed. A part of the plant was destroyed by

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 97
flre January 1, 1890, but there was practically but a week's delay in
carrying on the business and since then, the equipment of the works
has been practically renewed. The company's operations include
general foundry work, machinery repairing, jobbing, etc. The house,
however, makes specialties iu certain lines. The principal of these is
an improved saw mill, with a patent variable feed. This mill is admit
ted to be the best in use, and its sales extend over many States.
Another specialty is the Sergeant patent link sash weights; the patent
of Mr. G. S. Sergeant in 1894, and now generally adopted by builders.
The members of the company are: Mr. B. E. Sergeant and Sons,
George S. and Wm. T., the father is president and Mr. Geo. S. Sergeant,
secretary, treasurer, and manager, and inventor of the improved
appliance made by the company; also president of the City Board of
Education. Mr. Will. T. Sergeant is in charge of the city water and
light department.
The senior member of the firm came from Deleware before the war,
and had charge of company shops while the place was simply a repair
foundry and machine shops for the North Carolina Eailroad Com
pany. He has on the yard of the foundry in Greensboro an old boiler
which was used as a locomotive on the Ealeigh and Gaston Eailroad.

The E. A. Brown Tobacco Company manufactures chewing and
smoking tobacco.
The Van Deventer Carpet Company manufactures carpets and rugs.
A. J. Branson, president.
The Acme Mill Works do general mill work and machine repairing.
L. M. Clymer, proprietor.
The American Manufacturing Company manufactures overalls, etc.
J. Norman Wills, president.
The Southern Bobbin Company manufactures bobbins and mill spe
cialties. S. H. Boyd, president.
The Brooks Manufacturing Company handles lumber and all kinds of
building material made from wood. C. G. Wright is president.
North State Bobbin Company makes a specialty of cotton mill sup
plies. W. Chas. Scott is president, and W. E. Eankin, treasurer.
The Cape Fear Manufacturing Company deals in building materials
of all kinds. J. F. Hodgin, president; John A. Hodgin, treasurer.
The Sherwood Bobbin and Manufacturing Company manufacture
bobbins, spools, and mill supplies. M. S. Sherwood, general manager.
vii

98 GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904
The Greensboro Furniture Manufacturing Company manufactures
all kinds of furniture. J. W. Fry is president, and J. C. Murchison,
treasurer. The Gate City Furniture Company makes chamber suits and house
furnishings of all kinds made of oak and other wood. C. E. Holton is
president. The Pitts & Monroe Company deals in lumber, sash, blinds, mould
ings, etc. J. E. Pitts and O. W. Monroe are both practical men in
their line.
The Carolina Spoke & Binding Company manufactures spokes, han
dles, mill supplies, etc. J. Elwood Cox, president; J. H. Whitt, secre
tary and treasurer.
The Hardwood Manufacturing Company handles a general line of
building material — sash, doors, blinds, etc. Neil Ellington, president;
Charles H. Fisher, treasurer.
Guilford Lumber Manufacturing Company makes sash, doors, and
blinds, and handles all kinds of building material. C. A. Eeynolds is
president, and W. D. Mendenhall, secretary.
The Coulter & Lowry Company are successors to the Southern Fin
ishing Company, instituted in 1892. The company takes the crude
cloth from the factories and puts it into merchantable shape. John C.
Lowry is president.
For thirty years Mr. G. T. Glascock has been in the foundry busi
ness in Greensboro, beginning in 1873 the manufacture of stoves and
grates, and hollow- ware; also wood sawing and splitting machinery.
The firm is now Glascock & Sons — T. A. and L. L. Glascock becoming
members in 1894- '97. Their shop is at 212 Lewis street.
The Pomona Terra-Cotta Company, near the city, commenced busi
ness in 1885 with a two-horse-power boiler and engine. The business
has steadily grown until now the output of the several factories is
about nine hundred carloads of manufactured goods annually, and
about one hundred men are given employment. They manufacture all
kinds of terra-cotta piping for drains, well-tubing, fire-brick and salt-
glazed sewer pipe, etc. It is hard to estimate the value of such a
plant to a growing city like Greensboro. Its officers are J. Van Lind
ley, president; Dr. J. E. Logan, vice-president; W. C. Boren, secretary
and treasurer.

On the northern suburbs are a finishing mill, a carpet mill. Prox
imity and Eevolution (two large cotton mills). The mammoth White
Oak Cotton Mills now in course of construction are located just north

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 99
of the Revolution Mills and have been in the hands of the builders for
a year or two. The main factory building, weaving room, half of
which is two stories, covers three and seven-eighths acres of ground.
The one room is nine hundred and four by one hundred and eighty feet,
the largest factory room in the South. In this building there is one
hundred and sixty-two thousand seven hundred and twenty square feet
of floor space. The spinning mill is also an imposing structure. It is
six hundred and forty-three by one hundred and eighty-five feet, two
stories. This building by itself would seem an immense one but it is
small in comparison to the weaving room running parallel within a
few feet. The picker room is three hundred and twelve by seventy-
eight feet. The dye house three hundred and twelve by one hundred
and fifty feet. Boiler room, seventy-six by sixty-eight feet. The
White Oak Mills when completed will employ two thousand flve
hundred hands and the consumption each day will be one hundred
and thirty-five bales of cotton. For the supply of cotton there
will be fourteen fire-proof warehouses, fifty by one hundred feet.
There are now two hundred carpenters and masons working on
the mill and the tenement houses. In all there will be six hundred
houses for the operatives. Two hundred six-room houses, three hundred
and fifty four-room and fifty three-room houses have been built.
These three mills, Eevolution, Proximity, and White Oak, will be in
the center of a population of ten thousand people, all supported by the
mills. To the Messrs. Moses and Ceasar Cone the city of Greensboro is
chiefly indebted for all these mills, save the finishing mill, which was
in operation when the Messrs. Cone became interested in Greensboro.
On the north of the city is also located the Empire Steel and Iron
furnace, which has been operated for several years, obtaining its
ore chiefly from Ore Hill, in Chatham, and a mine some six miles east
of Greensboro.

CHAPTER XIII
SOME PROMINENT INDUSTRIES

Greensboro Electric Company
Greensboro has both gas and electric plants, operated by the Greens
boro Electric Company, which furnishes the city with light. This
company furnishes power for manufacturing enterprises, elevators, etc.
On June 11, 1902, this company commenced running electric cars, of a
very superior quality, and their service is very satisfactory to the
public. The line starts at the power-house on East Market street,
runs out West Market street by Greensboro Female College and the
North Carolina State Normal and Industrial College to Lindley Park,
two and a half miles west of the city. The cars also run from cor
porate limits of South Greensboro, via Southern railway's station,
through the center of city, and through the manufacturing town of
Proximity on the northern suburbs, as far as White Oak Cotton Mills —
a distance of three miles from the city. No city of its size is better
equipped with electric car service.
The officers are John Karr, of Hackettstown, N. J., president; Z. V.
Taylor, ex-mayor of Greensboro, secretary; M. O. Barr, of New York,
treasurer.

Security Life and Annuity Company
There is no better evidence of growth and progress in Greensboro
than the rapid strides it is making in the insurance fleld. Its busi
ness men see and seize the opportunities that lie about them. The
greatest of all opportunities in the South today is iu the fleld of life
insurance. The organization and development of life insurance com
panies in the State, and in the South, will do more toward the general
development of this section than anything else.
Greensboro is sure to be the insurance center of the South. There
are four successful Fire Companies. The life insurance business
was inaugurated by the organization of the Security Life and
Annuity Compan'y in 1901. This Company has been remarkably suc
cessful. It is an old-line, legal reserve Company, and has a guaranty

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 101
capital of $100,000.00 deposited with the Insurance Commissioner of
North Carolina. It has already, during its existence of only two
years and a half, over two and a half millions of insurance in force.
It has the patronage of many of the most prominent and successful
business and professional men in the State. It operates in North
Carolina and South Carolina, and will enter other States as rapidly as
it seems wise.
The officers are J. Van Lindley, President; P. H. Hanes, Vice-Presi
dent; Lee H. Battle, Treasurer; Geo. A. Grimsley, Secretary and
Manager of Agents; E. E. Forster, Actuary; Dr. J. T. J. Battle, Medi
cal Director; Dr. E. E. Michaux, Assistant Medical Director; and
King and Kimball, Legal Counsel. The trustees are J. Van Lindley,
P. H. Hanes, William A. Blair, Lee H. Battle, W. S. Thomson, B.
Colwell, Jr., J. W. Scott, Alexander Hanes, and Geo. A. Grimsley.
These men are men of character and of well-known business ability.
and the success of the Company under such management was assured
from the beginning.

Tobacco Industry

Greensboro is now quite a market for the sale of leaf tobacco, the
manufacture of cigars, and plug tobacco; but its beginning dates back
to about 1845, and its growth since that time was slow, with many
drawbacks. The flrst man to make cigars, snuff, and plug tobacco was Eeuben
Dick, and his factory was where F. Detmering now lives near the
First Presbyterian church.
In 1859 Colonel B. P. Jones came to Greensboro, from Yanceyville,
and began the manufacture of plug tobacco — ^buying his tobacco from
the few farmers who were raising the weed — there being no ware
house in the city. The Guilford men he bought from were Colonel D.
G. Neeley and Thomas Buchanan. Colonel Jones manufactured about
two hundred and flfty thousand pounds of tobacco in 1860, being the
flrst man to ship tobacco from Greensboro. In 1861 Colonel Jones
had quite a large amount of tobacco on hand — over ten thousand
pounds — which the Confederate government took for the army — spay
ing him in bonds. This stopped the work in that line, as no tobacco
could be grown — food stuffs demanding all the attention of the few
farmers left at home.
In 1874 Colonel Jones opened up again and sold and manufactured
tobacco in the old Caldwell Institute, afterwards in a brick building,
where the Gate City Laundry now stands. The first men who sold
tobacco in his warehouse were Colonel D. G. Neeley, Thos. Buchanan,
and Thomas Donnell.

102 GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904
In 1876 Eugene Morehead built a large warehouse on Ashe street,
about opposite Buchanan street. This was not a success and was
discontinued. In 1882 W. E. Bevill built the Farmers' Warehouse, and rapidly
developed the tobacco trade, and it has been kept open ever since.
In 1883, Jas. W. Albright and David Scott opened the Star ware
house in the old Patriot office, which stood where the store of Eankin
Brothers stands on South Elm street. The Houston Brothers bought
this property and anxious to encourage the tobacco trade, built a
nice warehouse on the rear of the lot on Davie street — which was
continued for several years until destroyed by fire.
In 1885 the Banner warehouse, on West Market street, was built by
J. Henry Gilmer & Company, and has been successfully run ever since
by different parties.
The Planters' warehouse is on the corner of East Washington and
Davie streets, built by Mr. Hagan.

The American Cigar Factory is doing an immense business.

H. W. Cobb, J. L. King, J. H. Whitt, J. L. Jordan, Jno. Barker, Bray
Brothers, and W. E. Bevill were the leaders in the tobacco industry.

Telephone Exchange
The first telephone exchange in the city was put in by C. N. McAdoo,
and very successfully operated until 1904, when Mr. McAdoo sold the
plant to the Bell Telephone Company, which has greatly enlarged and
improved the service, which is now equal to any in the South. The
Bell Company had previously established a long distance 'phone.
The company is now erecting a fine three-story office building on
corner of West Market and South Greene streets.

CHAPTER XIV
ORGANIZATIONS, PARKS, AND MISCELLANY
Greensboro's social organizations are numerous — embracing among
their members many of the best men and women in the State. These
organizations and clubs are doing much good — keeping the people of
the entire city in touch with each other, and enabling the strangers
within her gates to find congenial friends and associates; and to these
organizations much of the city's reputation for sociability is due, and
the ¦ ' at-home ' ' feeling, so generally commented upon by visitors and
new citizens.
Among these organizations are: The United Confederate Veterans;
United Daughters of the Confederacy; Daughters of the American
Eevolution; The Women's Christian Temperance Union; Baptist
Young People's Union; the Epworth League; Church Missionary
Societies of the several churches; Medical Society; Dental Associa
tion; Greensboro Gun Club; Young Women's Christian Association;
the Spinster Girls; the Eeviewers' Club; Friday Afternoon Book Club;
Wednesday Afternoon Book Club; The Saus Souci Club; Edgeworth
Book Club; Kensington Club; Gun Club; Greensboro Art Club.
The State Council of North Carolina Daughters of Liberty was
organized in Greensboro, April 7, 1904. This new association had at
date of organization thirteen councils with a membership of seven
hundred in the State. The Daughters of Liberty are lady Juniors, or
rather work under the auspices of the Junior Order United American
Mechanics. The city has its share of secret benevolent orders — among them the
following: Masonic; Odd Fellows; Junior Order United American
Mechanics; Knights of Pythias; Benevolent and Protective Order of
Elks; Typographical Union; Iron Moulders' Union; Carpenters' Union;
Brick-masons ' Union.

Greensboro Industrial and Immigration Association
This association was organized in 1895 by a number of the most
progressive business men of the city, in order to obtain organized effort
in the promotion of industrial enterprises then in operation, and to
lay before the world the great advantages possessed by Greensboro
and the country immediately surrounding it. The vast amount of

104 GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904
good that has been done by this organization could not be told in this
sketch book. Its untiring and systematic efforts in enlarging old enter
prises and developing new ones, have marked an epoch in the history
of the city. The city appropriates annually $500 to aid in its work.
If interested in Greensboro or desiring any information about it, or
seeking a good place for a business enterprise of almost any branch
of industry, or a home for your family, where the best of church,
school, and social advantages can be had — in a healthful town, write
to the secretary of this association.
The present executive officers are: C. G. Wright, president; G. A.
Grimsley, secretary.
The Business Men's Association is also doing much good. Its presi
dent is P. D. Gold, Jr. Write him if interested.

The Audubon Society
The young ladies of the State Normal and Industrial College, of
Greensboro, were the flrst to organize an Audubon Society in North
Carolina. This was in 1902, and it struck a chord in the hearts of the
people of the State, and today it is a chartered State organization
and doing much good in the way of protecting the game birds. T.
Gilbert Pearson is State Secretary, and John S. Cunningham, presi
dent; elected at the second annual meeting held in Greensboro, in
March, 1904.

Lindley Park

Lindley Park — at the southwestern terminus of the electric railway,
two and one-half miles from the city, comprises a beautiful tract of
twenty-six acres of land, well shaded in native trees; also flne springs
of water, a large artiflcial lake for boating, a neat casino and dance
pavilion — all lighted with incandescent electric lamps. Tnis is an ideal
place for health or pleasure seekers, and adjoins the far-famed nur
series and greenhouses of J. Van Lindley, whose reputation as a nur
seryman and florist is generally known by the lovers of fruits and
flowers. He donated the land for this park, and the electric company
did wisely in thus perpetuating his generosity by naming the park
after him.

Cone Athletic Park
Cone Athletic Park is not the least, by far, of the attractions of
Greensboro. It is on Summit Avenue and embraces several acres of

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 105
land, well arranged and adapted for games of baseball, foot ball, and
other fleld sports. Many noted games have been played here by local,
as well as teams from this and other States.

Fisher Park
Fisher Park embraces nineteen acres of well-wooded land on the
northern suburbs of the city. It was a gift to the city by B. J. Fisher
in 1891, and when improved will be a beautiful resort.

Fires
In 1849 Greensboro had its flrst flre of any moment, which came
nearly destroying the business part of the city. J. B. Lossing, who
was going from the battlegrounds of Alamance to Guilford Court
house, in his "Pictorial Field-Book of the Eevolution", reached
Greensboro, January 2, 1849, and remarks:
"Very few villages in the interior of the State appeared more like
a northern town than Greensboro. The houses are generally good and
the stores give evidence of active trade. Within an hour after my
arrival, the town was thrown into commotion by the bursting out of
flames from a large frame dwelling a short distance from the court
house. There being no fire engine in the city the flames spread rapidly,
and at one time menaced the safety of the whole town. A keg of
powder was used without effect to demolish a tailor shop, standing
in the way of the conflagration towards a large tavern. The flames
passed on until confronted by one of those broad chimneys on the
outside of the house, so universally prevalent in the Soutn, when it was
subdued, after four buildings were destroyed. I never saw a popula
tion more thoroughly frightened; and when I returned to my lodgings,
far away from the flre, every bed was packed ready for flight."
These four houses alluded to were owned by George Albright and
occupied the ground between the old frame building now standing
(which Mr. Lossing called a large hotel) and the Bevill building on
East Market street. Andrew Weatherly also lost a small house which
stood where the Bevill building now is. The flne trees on the south
side of the street saved the whole of the square — containing the Peter
Adams, C. N. McAdoo, and Caldwell corner — all wood.
Soon after this flre the town bought General Greene, the hand-brake
or pumping engine, and put in four cisterns — one at each of the four
pumps which stood in the middle of Elm and Market streets, about
one hundred feet from the old court-house.

106

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

In 18o3, March 16, the Yates building (now vacant lot), corner
Greene and West Market streets was burned. A frame building on
the same corner was burned several years previous.

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August, 1863, Greensboro Female College was burned, when fuUy
two hundred girls were attending school there. It was burned again
February 18, 1904.

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 107
June, 1872, the county court-house was burned, as was W. C. Por
ter's drug store (where flre started), Southern hotel. Farmers' bank
building, next to the drug store, two rows of frame law offices, one west
and the others north of the court-house.
In the same year Edgeworth Female Seminary, at that time used
as a residence by Julius A. Gray, was destroyed by flre.
In 1875, Sloan's store and Baptist church on South Elm street, about
opposite Odell & Company's building.
In 1900, Sergeant's foundry was burned.
In 1897 Benbow 's store, corner South Elm and Sycamore streets.
In 1888, May 27, the old market house and city hall was burned.
City records all destroyed.
In 1899, June 17, the Benbow House (now Guilford) was partially
destroyed. In 1904, January 13, W. E. Bevill 's building on the corner of
Gaston and North Elm streets.
1904 — Katz building — opposite Hotel Guilford, was partially
destroyed. In 1904, January 21, the dormitory of the North Carolina State
Normal and Industrial College was burned.
In 1904, February 18, Greensboro Female College was burned the
second time.

Fire Protection

Now Greensboro is as well equipped to flght flre successfully as any
town in the State. The flrst volunteer flre company was organized in
1849, and used a hand-brake or pumping engine, named General
Greene. In 1884 the chemical engine was purchased. In 1885 the La
France steamer was purchased. The Hook and Ladder Company was
organized in 1890; Eagle Hose Company in 1891; Southside Hose Com
pany in 1894; West End Hose Company in 1897; Excelsior Hose Com
pany composed of colored men was organized about 1892. In 1896
the Gamewell Fire Alarm system was installed. In 1904 the second
La France steamer. No. 3, was purchased. It will throw two one-
and-one-eighth-inch streams, while the flrst steamer throws only one
one-inch stream.

Free Public Library
In 1901 a canvass of Greensboro was made for funds to establish a
Free City Library. Mr. G. A. Grimsley, chairman of the State Library
Association, was the leader of the movement, and the subscription was

108 GREENSBOEO— 1808-1904
started with a gift of $500 from Mr. E. P. Wharton. The result of a
remarkably general and cheerful subscription of citizens was $3,000.
The city aldermen then appointed, under the Scales Library Act,
a board of six directors to organize and control the library: Dr. L.
W. Crawford, chairman; Mr. Howard Gardner, secretary and treasurer;
Mr. G. A. Grimsley, Mr. E. E. Bain, Mr. E. P. Wharton, and Mr. J. N.
Longest. The aldermen also donated three rooms on the third floor
of the city hall for the library 's use, together with lights and heat.
With the $3,000 subscription these directors purchased furniture,
periodicals, and books, paying for the catalogueing of the latter under
the Dewey Decimal Classiflcation system.
In a mass meeting on February 4, 1902, the library was formally
presented to the city by the subscribers and on February 5, opened
to the public with one thousand four hundred and ninety catalogued
books, two hundred and flfty public documents (not catalogued),
thirty-two periodicals, and three daily papers.
At the close of two years' work the library had two thousand one
hundred and fifty-three catalogued books, three hundred and seventy-
five public documents, forty monthly and weekly periodicals, and six
daily papers. Its reference work had shown a steady and gratifying
increase from the beginning, and its circulation had averaged two
thousand volumes per month. During this time many valuable dona
tions had been received from interested friends and the city, since
March, 1902, has made an annual appropriation of $1,200 for the
library's support.
On the thirty-first of December, 1903, the city decided to accept
the generous offer of a $30,000 Free Public Library from Mr. Andrew
Carnegie. This magnificent structure will be erected as soon as
the library directors shall have secured a suitable location, and the
appropriation from the city will be increased to $3,000 per year. It
has been located corner West Gaston and North Ashe streets.

Central Carolina Fair
This fair which was organized chiefiy by the citizens of Greensboro
and Guilford county, held its first fair in October, 1899, and annually
ever since, comprises thirty-two acres of land. On these grounds is
one of the finest race tracks in the South and the races attract many
of the owners of fine stock every year. The track is of regulation
shape, half mile. The grand stand will seat three thousand people,
who have a fine view of the horses from start to flnish. Two large,
well-arranged buildings are used for displays of art, agricultural
machinery, and farm products, with stock sheds, pens, etc. The com
pany is a chartered one, and the officers are elected annually. The oflS-
cers for 1904 are: President, Dr. J. T. J. Battle; secretary, John W.
Cook; Treasurer, Neil Ellington.

GEEENSBOEO- 1808-1904 109
Greensboro Hospitals
The flrst effort to give Greensboro a hospital was made in 1890,
when the King's Daughters erected an eight-room building on Greene
street, fltted up six wards, employed a skilful nurse and for several
years kept its doors open to the needy, as well as pay patients. The
incorporators of this association were: Misses Bettie Caldwell, Pattie
Caldwell, Clara Albright, Addie Donnell, Daisy Caldwell, Nannie
Caldwell, Myra Alderman, Eusie Wilson, Lina Newlin, Mary Newlin —
all of this city. This building cost $2,500; much of the money was made
by the young ladies, and the remainder contributed by the citizens
of the town. The building will be sold, and the rents since closing
will be donated to equip a ward in the magnificent hospital being
erected on Summit Avenue by the Sisters of Charity.
Greensboro Hospital, on South Greene street, was opened June,
1902, by Drs. J. T. J. Battle, E. E. Michaux, Chas. Eoberson, W. J.
Meadows, A. F. Fortune, and J. P. Turner. These gentlemen are
among the. leading practitioners of the city and their success has been
very great.
These hospitals did much towards relieving the wants of the sick
and wounded; but something better, larger, and more in keeping with
the rapid growth of the city was needed, and in 1903 the Sisters of
Charity secured a lot on Summit Avenue, six hundred and thirty-two
feet front; three hundred feet deep; five hundred feet rear, and are
building a modern hospital with ample accommodations for sixty-four
patients. It will open the first of 1905. The work of this society
embraces the whole country, and not less than forty-eight hospitals
are now in operation in the United States.
This hospital is named St. Leo 's Hospital, and the corner stone was
laid June 15, 1904.

The Keeley Institute
The Keeley Institute, which was established in Greensboro in 1891
by Judge W. H. Eller, has become an institution of more than local
reputation. Hundreds of people, from every walk of life, are living
testimonials of the wonderful discovery of Leslie Keeley, M. D., LL.
D., which revolutionized the public mind, and now the victim of alco
hol is no longer regarded as a criminal, but as a patient whose cure can
readily be accomplished by proper treatment. The buildings of this
institution are located within five minutes' walk of the railroad depot
and postoffice; and in a large grove of native oaks (the former home
of Governor Morehead), giving the place a restful appearance, which is

110 GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904
conducive and suggestful of that quite and repose which persons
afflicted with nerve exhaustion and physical weakness so much need.
The manager of the Greensboro Institute is C. D. Cunningham.

Greensboro as a Convention Town
In 1857 the American party (or Whig) held its State convention
in Greensboro, and placed in nomination Honorable John A. Gilmer,
for governor, but he was defeated by Thomas Bragg, democrat. This
convention was held in a new tobacco warehouse which stood on Ashe
street about where Buchanan street enters it.
In 1900 the Eepublican party met in the city, and placed in nomina
tion a State ticket with Spencer B. Adams for governor; he was
defeated by Chas. B. Aycock, democrat.
In 1902 the largest and most enthusiastic democratic State conven
tion ever held in the State assembled in the city and nominated for
Chief Justice, Walter Clark, and for Associate Justices, Henry G. Con
nor and P. D. Walker; J. Y. Joyner, for Superintendent of Public
Instruction. The republicans nominated T. G. Hill for Chief Justice;
and D. A. Long for Superintendent of Public Instruction.
In 1904 the republican State convention met in Greensboro, on May
18, and nominated C. J. Harris, of Dillsboro, for Governor, and a full
State ticket.
In 1904, June 23, the Democratic convention met in Greensboro,
and nominated a full State ticket with Eobert B. Glenn, of Winston,
for Governor, and Francis D. Winston for Lieutenant-governor.
The State Sunday-school convention met in the city April 27, 1904,
in its twenty-first annual session. N. H. Broughton, of Raleigh, presid
ing in the absence oj. President E. N. Simms.

General Andrew Jackson
Without wishing to enter into the controversy as to the birth-place
of General Andrew Jackson, the writer merely wishes to say, the
Minute Docket of the Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions for Guilford
county (now in the clerk's office in Greensboro), for the years 1781- '88
page 234 — this entry was made: "Andrew Jackson produced a license
from the judges of the Superior Court of Law and Equity to practice
law and was admitted as an attorney of this court, November 21
1787."

CHAPTER XV
GUILFORD BATTLEGROUND
In 1857, October 29, a "Greene Monument Association" was organ
ized with Governor John M. Morehead as president, and Honorable
John M. Dick, Eev. Eli W. Caruthers, and others as vice-presi
dents. The object of this association was to build a monument in the
city to perpetuate the memory of General Nathaniel Greene; but the
civil war soon came on and Governor Morehead died, and no more
was heard of this project.
But, fortunately for the city, the State, the nation — and all future
generations. Judge David Schenck became a citizen of Greensboro,
and to him chiefly belongs the credit of all that has been done towards
beautifying the scene of the ' ' battle of Guilford Court-house. ' ' This
noble, patriotic idea of his was formulated into a tangible act of
incorporation by the legislature. May 6, 1887, in which the following
were named as incorporators: J. W. Scott, Thos. B. Keogh, Julius
A. Gray, D. W. C. Benbow, and David Schenck, under the name of
' ' Guilford Battleground Company. ' ' This company was organized
May 6, 1887, when David Schenck was elected president; J. W. Scott,
treasurer, and T. B. Keogh, secretary.
On this sacred ground, March 15, 1781, General Nathaniel Greene,
commanding the American forces, met the British under command of
Lord Cornwallis. The British held the field one night, but on the next
morning took up the line of march for Wilmington, with General
Greene in pursuit. General Washington was interested enough in
this battlefleld to visit it June 2, 1791.
About one hundred acres of land were purchased, and the work of
beautifying the grounds began. Besides the marking of the lines of
the opposing forces of Lord Cornwallis and General Greene, a num
ber of monuments have been placed upon this ground sacred to the
lovers of liberty.

A plain shaft bears this inscription: "Three Continental soldiers
rest here."
The remains of Captain James Tate, were removed from New
Garden, where he fell, and a granite shaft erected.
A flve-foot shaft bears this inscription: "Lieutenant-Colonel 'Hall'
Dixon of Caswell county, North Carolina, who died from wounds July
17, 1782."

112

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

Near this is a marble slab with this inscription: "Major John
Davis, one of the well-tried patriots of the Eevolution, who died
October 12, 1804."

To Captain Arthur Forbes, of Guilford county, who was wounded
in this battle and died, this slab was erected by McGilliard & Huske,
quarrymen of Kernersville, N. C.

The remains of Brigadier-General Jethro Sumner, were removed from
Warren county, and a slab ' ' to the memory of General Jethro Sumner,
one of the heroes of '76", was placed over the remains.

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

113

A diamond-shaped block of granite has this inscription: "Gillies,
Light Horse Harry Lee's bugler boy. Erected by the literary society
of Oak Eidge Institute."
One old Continental six-pounder cannon stands in front of a neat
brick building, thirty by thirty, known as ' ' Schenck Museum ' ', in
which are many relics of the great struggle for liberty.

THE SCHENCK MONUMENT
The Schenck monument, which was unveiled .July 4, 1904, has the
following inscription: DAVID SCHENCK
The projector of this battlefield 's reclamation, and organizer and
first president of the Guilford Battle Ground
Company, 1835—1902.
The tomb of Nathaniel Macon is a huge block of undressed granite,
four by six feet, and his name is carved upon it, with these words:
"Nathaniel Macon willed that his memorial should consist only of
rude stones — here they lie. ' '

114

GREENSBORO- 1808-1904

A monument twenty-five feet high, with a life-size statute in bronze,
bears this inscription: "William Hooper and John Penn, delegates
from North Carolina to the Continental congress in 1776. They signed
the Declaration of Independence. Hewes' grave, the other signer
from North Carolina is unknown. The remains of the two named were
re-interred here in 1894.

(^AITlE (rTROUND ©AJ5,,

The Holt monument, erected by Governor Thomas M. Holt, in 1893,
reads: "In memory of the North Carolina troops from Wilkes and
Surry counties, under Major Joseph Winston, Jesse Franklin, and
Eichard Talliaferro, who were fighting the Hessians and Tarleton's
cavalry near this spot after the Continentals had retreated from the
field of battle, March 15, 1781."
The Maryland Historical Society contributed a monument of rough
granite, which was placed in position October 12, 1892, under the
supervision of President David Schenck. On this stone, on brass
tablets, is the Coat of Arms of Maryland, and on the other side this
inscription: "Maryland's tribute to her heroic dead. Erected by
members of the Maryland Historical Society, in memory of the sol
diers of the Maryland line, 178i-1892. Non Amnis Moriar."

GEEENSBOEO- 1808-1904 115
"Battle Monument", chiefly through the instrumentality of Gov
ernor A. M. Scales, is a pyramidal arch, built of square blocks of gran
ite, capped with a cannon ball, bearing the inscription; "Guilford
Battleground, Thursday, March 15, 1781."
On the ground is a museum with many interesting relics, a beautiful
artificial lake, a large pavilion, and a keeper's lodge. It is a lovely
spot of ground and is a fashionable resort in the summer for Greens
boro, being only five miles distant, on the railroad to Mt. Airy. On
the fourth of each July, appropriate services are held here.
A block of polished marble, donated by the National Marble Com
pany of Murphy, N. C, has the following: The battle of King's
Mountain, fought October 7, 1780, was the turning point in the
Eevolution. General Charles McDowell, Colonels Isaac Shelby,
John Sevier, James Williams (South Carolina), Benjamin Cleveland,
Majors Joseph Winston, Hambrite, Wm. Christly.
In 1900 a monument was erected on the battleground by Colonel
James T. Morehead, Joseph M. Morehead, and Captain R. T. Gray. To
Captain James Morehead, who was a great-uncle of Colonel J. T. and
J. M. Morehead, and a great-great-uncle of Captain Gray. It bears on
a bronze tablet this inscription: "To Captain James Morehead, of
the Tenth Regiment North Carolina Continental Line, battle of Stono,
June 20, 1779. Elizabethtown, July, 1781. Born 1750. Died 1885. ' '
A monument to Mrs. Veren Happuck Turner, mother of Elizabeth,
the wife of Joseph Morehead, of North Carolina, grandmother of James
and John Morehead, young soldiers under General Greene. She rode
on horseback from her home in Maryland to nurse a wounded son. A
life-size figure of a woman in bronze is mounted on a ten-foot shaft.
This tribute was erected uy J. T. and J. M. Morehead, of Greensboro,
and is believed to be the only monument to a woman on a battlefield.
The most conspicuous shaft is thirty feet high and was erected by
Governor T. M. Holt, with this inscription: "The battle of Alamance
was fought in Orange county, sixteen miles south-east of Greensboro,
May 16, 1771. Twelve regulars were condemned to be hung at Hills
boro, June 19, 1771. James Pugh, Robert Maitar, Benjamin Merrill
and Captain Matiar were hanged." This shaft has a heroic bronze
figure of a Continental soldier, with musket. A tablet has James Pugh
with a rope around his neck and his feet upon a barrel.

The ' ' Battle of the Regulators " as it is generally called, was fought
May 16, 1771, in Alamance County, sixteen miles south-east of Greens
boro. It was the first organized military resistance to British tyranny.
On July 4, 1879, a shaft of granite was unveiled on the site of this
battle. Daniel Albright Long, who was one of the leading citizens in
procuring the erection of the monument, made the opening speech.

116

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

Governor D. G. Fowle, Colonel T. M. Holt, Honorable D. F. Caldwell,
and others delivered addresses. The monument is twenty feet high,
and is inscribed as follows : North side — ' ' Here was fought the battle

THE COLONIAL MONUMENT

of Alamance, May 16, 1771, between the British and the Eegulators";
east side— "1880"; south side— "First Battle of the Eevolution";
west side — Crossed cannons, under which is the word "Liberty".

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 117
A very large number of ladies and gentlemen were present, among
them the writer; and an old fashioned Fourth of July celebration and
basket picnic was held.

Since the death of Judge Schenck, on August 26, 1902, Major
Joseph M. Morehead, has been president of the association, and
worthily kept the Battleground before the public and done much
to make it what it is today. By resolution of the board of directors
this beautiful park, which is the only site of a battle of the Eevolu
tionary war now preserved — was tendered to the national govern
ment free of cost, and a bill has been introduced in the House of
Eepresentatives by Congressman W. W. Kitchin, of the Fifth District,
authorizing its acceptance. And Senator Aldrich, of Ehode Island, has
introduced a bill to erect a memorial shaft to General Greene. Con
gress has made an appropriation of $10,000 for the erection of monu
ments to Generals Wm. Lee Davidson and Francis Nash, and chiefiy
through the efforts of Major Morehead they will be erected on the
Battleground.

APPENDIX

OAK RIDGE INSTITUTE
This noted seat of learning can attribute its inception to such men
as Dr. John Saunders, Jesse and Thomas Benbow, James B. Clark,
Samuel Donnell, and Allen Lowrey, who in 1852 decided that here was
a good place for a school; and under the tutorship of Rev. D. R. Burton,
Professors John M. Davis and Thos. S. Whittington it was successfully
operated until the call to arms was made in 1861, when every student
volunteered to follow the Southern cross. In 1866 the first building
was burned; but Chas. Case, W. 0. Donnell, Thos. Graham, John F.
Holt, J. N. Nelson, John King, Swift Brown, and others rebuilt the
school-house. In 1875 it passed into the hands of Professors J. A. and
M. H. Holt, the present owners, who purchased it in the early eighties.
The old building was only twenty-four by sixty-four, two stories
high, but as the patronage demanded it has been added to by modern
and up-to-date buildings, such as Saunders Hall, Oakhurst Hall, and
Holt Hall, built in 1892. It is one of the handsomest school buildings
in the State, and all the furnishings are first-class and modern. For
twenty-eight years Oak Eidge Institute has been the leading training
school for the boys of Virginia and the two Carolinas, and thousands
of young men have gone out from this school and now occupy promi
nent positions as bankers, merchants, manufacturers, preachers, and
State and county officials.
In 1891 Oak Eidge Institute was incorporated, and capitalized with
a stock of $51,600.
Two hundred and eighty-five boys and young men were enrolled last
year, but three hundred can find ample accommodation. Over five
thousand have received instruction under the present management.
Oak Eidge Institute is in northern Guilford county; fifteen miles
from Greensboro; over one thousand feet above sea level; only forty
minutes from railroads on each side of it; twelve passenger trains
daily; telephone connection with Kernersville; and only a few minutes
by rail from Greensboro and Winston-Salem. It enjoys a salubrious
climate, happily situated between the North and the South and
between the mountains and the sea.
The Messrs. Holt are Guilford men, and at one time were residents
of Greensboro, and the continually increasing patronage of the school

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904

119

is due to their indomitable energy, high Christian character, and
acknowledged ability to make of her sons just such men as North
Carolina must have if she sustains her present high rank among the
States of our great and expanding Union. The address of the Institute
is Oak Eidge, N. C.

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VOLUNTARY MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS, AND TROOPS
IN CONFEDERATE STATES ARMY
The Guilford Guards was the first military organization in Greens
boro, and existed from about 1840 to 1855. Robert G. Lindsay, who

120 GREENSBORO— 1808-1904
was a West-Pointer, was its first captain, and he was succeeded by
John Sloan, youngest brother of R. M. Sloan ("Uncle Bob").
It is impossible to get a correct history of this fine old company — but
its handsome blue uniform — trimmed with yellow; its gorgeous hats,
made of leather, and about the size and shape of a fire-bucket — will
ever remain fresh in the memory of the children of Greensboro who
lived there during the days from 1840 to 1855. The tall and graceful
forms of such men as ' ' Uncle Bob ' ' Sloan, David Kersey, Samuel R.
Shelton (now of Covington, Tenn.), and T. M. Woodburn, being the
tallest; while John A. Pritchett, Wm. Swain, with some thirty others,
made the company, which was the peer of any in its day.
This company was succeeded by the Guilford Grays, which was
Company B, Twenty-seventh Regiment North Carolina troops, with
John Sloan as captain; Wm. Adams, first lieutenant; James T. More-
head, second lieutenant; John A. Gilmer, third lieutenant; John E.
Logan, M. D., surgeon. This company left Greensboro April 18, 1861,
and served through the four years' war between the States.
The Guilford Grays re-organized under the conscript act, and
Captain John Sloan having been elected colonel of the Twenty-
Seventh Regiment, Wm. Adams was elected captain. He was killed at
Sharpsburg, September 17, 1862, and John A. Sloan was elected
captain, who remained in command until the surrender at Appomattox,
April 9, 1865. From its organization until the surrender, the muster
roll of the Grays showed one hundred and eighty names. The follow
ing were present and answered roll-call at Appomattox: Captain John
A. Sloan, Lieutenant Eufus B. Gibson; Sergeants Thos. J. Rhodes and
Joel J. Thom, and privates Peter M. Brown, Lewis N. Iseley, James
M. Hardin, Walter Greene, E. T. Thorpe, Geo. W. Lemons, Silas C.
Dodson, and Samuel M. Lipscomb.
In 1881, the Grays were re-organized, with Neil Ellington as captain.
He was succeeded by Percy Gray.
The Gate City Guards was the next military organization in Greens
boro, with R. M. Albright as captain. Upon his promotion to major
of the Third Regiment of State Guards, H. S. Hobgood was elected
captain. Captain E. Percy Gray raised a company for the Spanish-American
war, with E. L. Gilmer and John S. Cator as lieutenants. The company
was mustered out November 12, 1898. Lieutenant Gilmer is still in the
United States Army.
Captain David Gilmer, colored, raised a company for the war with
Spain, and is now doing duty in the Philippines; but his company was
mustered out February 4, 1899.

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 121
TROOPS IN CONFEDERATE ARMY FROM GUILFORD
COUNTY, AS GIVEN IN THE STATE
ROSTER, BY MOORE

This is published by request, and it is a matter of regret that it is
so incomplete, (k) stands for killed; (d) for died during service.
Second Regiment; Company E — J. Henry Morehead (d), captain;
promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel Forty-fifth Eegiment; Henry C. Gor
rell (d), captain; Joseph M. Morehead, first lieutenant; Jas. T. Scales,
John M. Hobson, second lieutenants; non-commissioned officers — John
E. McLean (d), Jas. M. McLean (k), W. D. Smith, L. W. Harrington,
E. A. J. Heath (d), E. F. Eyan (k), Ed. Taylor (d); privates— Jas.
Adams, E. Banyes, J. Banyes (k), Wm. Bell, T. E. Benson (d), J. T.
Booth, J. J. Cain, M. Coffey, D. P. Coble (d), M. Cody, C. L. Copeland,
(d), W. A. Core, J. Dillon, J. Derothy, J. Duncan, A. Ellington (k),
J. H. Fitts (d), H. Fitts, T. F. Fitzgerald (d), W. Fitzgerald (k), S.
Foster, J. Foulkes, E. W. Fowler, H. Garrett, Ealph Gorrell, W. Gray,
L. Hackett, W. Harris (d), Asa Houlett (d), E. Hudson, J. Holbrook,
E. Huffman (d), H. Jackson, (d), H. M. Jones (d), Thos King, Alf
King, J. C. Kirkman, J. W. Lee, S. M. Lewis (d), J. Lloyd, N. May,
J. Marlow, O. May, A. H. Murray (d), R. Newell, W. Pegram, J. W.
Pegram, J. L. Pitchford, L. Pegram (d), D. Parrish, A. Peoples, D. W.
Phipps, (d), A. Pugh (d), P. Eeynolds, H. Eobertson (k), Wm. Scott,
W. E. Sheppard (d), A. Silvey (d), M. G. Smith (k), M. M. Smith (k),
J. E. Somers (k), A. Southard, D. Southard (d), E. Southard, N. Stan
ley, G. C. Steel, W. A. Thompson (d), D. Turner, A. Taylor (k), J. H.
Tatum, Thos. Taylor (d), Eobt. Thomas, B. Walls, David Whitt, M.
Wood, H. A. Work, C. Whittington, N. White.

122 GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904
Nineteenth Cavalry; Company F — B. F. Cole, captain; P. A. Tatum,
captain; N. C. Tucker, first lieutenant; J. A. Hooker, second lieutenant;
non-commissioned officers — J. A. Stradler, E. C. Ozment, C. P. Van
story, J. Allen, E. W. Donnell, W. S. Lee, T. P. Dillon, A. S. Lee, J. W.
Lambeth, W. D. Edwards, A. T. Allen, W. Ayers, M. Aysoott, Jesse
Aydlett, W. E. Ball, T. F. Buchanan, G. W. Briggs, J .D. Climer, Y. S.
Correll, P. I. Crowell, J. W. Durham, Alf. Edwards, M. Farrington,
E. Frazier, J. Fields, O. Gallimore, W. F. Godsey, P. Gordon, J. R.
Green, J. F. Griffin, W. F. Holden, A. G. Hedgecock, D. W. Jones, G. A.
Jones, E. Jacobs, J. W. Jeffreys, A. W. Kirkman, D. M. Michaux, H.
Maden, G. McClintoch, D. F. McKinney, G. McKinney, J. Massey, J.
Newell, J. S. Ozment, D. G. Pegram, J. W. Rich, G. W. Rich, A.
Rayales, E. M. Scott, J. Scott, M. A. Short, E. W. Sanders, J. A.
Sapp, E. H. Sapp, A. G. Sapp, J. W. Tucker, C. A. Tucker, A. P. Terry,
E. C. Townsend, John Vanstory, A. Walker, O. A. G. Wood, C. W.
White, J. B. White, N. G. Westbrook, G. D. Weatherly, W. H. Wat-
lington, E. C. Young. [No casualties given.]
Twenty-first Eegiment; Company M — Wm. L. Scott, captain; pro
moted to lieutenant-colonel; W. S. Eankin, captain; promoted to
major; John E. Gilmer, first lieutenant; promoted to captain; Wilson
S. Hill, John S. Dick, first lieutenants; John Doggett, Andrew Sumners,
J. A. Cobb, S. P. Steward, second lieutenants; non-commissioned offi
cers— H. M. Clapp (d), L. W. Schenck, S. F. Steward, I. W. Garrett
(d), O. E. Coble, E. A. Wilson (d); privates — H. Alexander, E. H.
Alexander (d), J. P. Boon, L. H. Boon, H. G. Boon, W. P. Blackwell,
J. H. Brittain, M. H. Black, M. Brothers (d), E. C. Buchanan (d),
J. Blakely, Geo. Clapp, W. W. Cole, (d), J. H. Cobb (d), R. R. Cobb
(d), F. A. Cobb, J. A. Cobb, G. W. B. Coble (d), G. Coble (d), E. S.
Coble, J. L. Cummings (k), P. R. Clapp (d), E. P. Clapp (d), J. C.
Clapp, H. C. Clapp, Frank Dick, E. W. Dobson (k), J. R. Devault
(k), W. A. Elliott, J. A. Fryar, W. A. Forbis, C. H. Fields, J. M.
Gant, T. J. Gant, M. Gerringer, J. S. Gerringer, W. Hockett, P. Har
vey, J. W. Hart (d), W. R. Huffines (d), J. A. Hubbard, H. Ingle, R.
W. Ingle, J. Isley, S. Iseley, E. Kallum, D. M. Linous, J. M. Lambeth
(d), C. L. Lambeth, J. C. Layton (d), A. Lewey (d), J. A. Montgomery,
M. B. May (d), J. Marshall (d), A. McPhersou, J. M. McLean, J. N.
Nelson, J. N. O 'Bryan, J. T. O 'Bryan, W. B. Parker, J. E. Pritchett,
W. H. Eankin, D. W. Eeynolds (d), W. W. Sykes (d), W. E. Summers,
(d), H. Summers, J. Summers, W. H. Stewart, E. M. Sockwell, D.
Sockwell, J. A. Smith (d), J. Shoe, S. Soots, J. S. Shepherd, E. A.
Stratford, J. S. Simpson (d), D. T. Simpson, W. E. Tickle, L. E.
Tickle, E. H. Thomas, M. Wilson, (d), D. Waynick (d), W. Walls,
D. Wagner, Jr., E. H. Wiley (k), F. M. Watson, J. M. Wilson, C. H.
Wooten, J. M. Wyrick, J. M. Wright.

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 123-
Second Regiment; Company E — Columbus C. Cole (killed at Wil
derness), captain; promoted to colonel; Chas. E. Harper (k), Joseph
A. Hooper, M. M. Wolfe, E. W. Cole, each were captain; Chas. D. Har
per, A. J. Busick, first lieutenants; W. H. Faucett, J. M. Hanner, John
N. Nelson (d), O. C. Wheeler, second lieutenants; non-commissioned
officers — A. P. Charles, J. H. Marker, Shelly Hampton, P. W. Pratt,
N. S. MeClintock; privates — L. T. Albertson (d), L. W. Albertson, L.
Apple, J. M. Anderson, L. Arther (k), A. Archer (k), S. G. Andrew,
J. Andrew, J. Arther (d), H. Archer, J. Aired, W. H. Beaver, D. W.
Busick, C. Buchanan, W. S. Briggs, S. M. Brown, J. E. Bell, S. J.
Burton, T. Bowen, S. Y. Baker (k), J. H. Bishop, W. H. Bosham, S.
Bell, P. Bodenhamer (d), P. Brown, P. Bennett, A. D. Bragly, E.
Crutchfield (d), J. H. Copeland, E. H. Croach, D. M. Clapp (d), H.
Cook (k), J. E. Clark, C. C. Clark, J. C. Clark, T. Chrismon, A. G.
Chipman (d), J. Dodd (k), W. H. Dean, Thos. Bads, B. Elliott, E. H.
Enoch, A. Frazier, G. L. Frazier, J. E. Frazier, M. Farrington, W. A.
Glenn, A. J. Goulding, J. R. Gerringer (k), W. M. Grissom, A. A.
Gordon, J. A. Gordenhamer, H. C. Graham, W. Glenn, E. Gwyer, A.
Gordon (d), Lewis Huffines, (d), T. Hancock (d), B. Horney (d), E.
J. Hunt, E. Hill, T. J. Hooper, M. A. Holt, F. M. Hooper (k), R. Hol
brook, H. Holbrook, G. W. Holt, W. B. Hall, Wm. Irvin, M. Jordan,
I. W. Jackson, I. R. Jackson, H. Jones, P. Jones (k), J. W. Jackson,
J. E. Jackson, J. E. Jester, N. S. Kellum, F. Kellum (k), J. F. Kellum,
L. Loftin, J. Leonard, H. Long (d), R. Loftin (k), H. Little, J. Loftin,
J. F. Lauglin, G. Lauglin, R. Long, W. R. Mendenhall (d), E. Meredith,
J. Morgan (d), A. P. Maxwell (k), N. Martin (k), Jas. Martin (d),
Jno. May (d), W. Michael, C. McQuan (d), E. McGhee (d), Jas. May
(d), J. A. May, W. C. May, Jesse May, C. Michael, M. D. Madaris, E.
Neal, W. G. Oliver, W. S. Oliver, W. C. Orrell, J. Oakley, I. Pegram, C.
Parrish (d), A. Parrish, H. W. H. Poe (d), R. Parrish (d), J. F.
Pegram, D. Powers, H. Poe, F. G. Ingram, J. T. Powers, C. C. Perkins,
J. Pegre, P. W. Pratt, S. H. Pegram (d), J. L. Powers, J. G. Quacken-
bush, Wm. Quait, J. Quackenbush, J. P. Quackenbush, W. H. Rayls, E.
Riley (k), B. Roberts, A. A. Ross, M. A. Eich, D. Eussell, J. P. Slack,
F. E. Shaw, J. Stanley, J. B. Sleagall, W. B. Stack, J. W. Stack, A. F.
Sapp (d), P. Smothers, G. Smothers, J. Suits (d), J. Sikes (d), S.
Strunks, H. Shoe, T. J. Scott, N. Troliver, J. Vincent (d), W. F.
Whittington, W. Whittington, G. W. Wolf, T. Wolf, J. Wood, H. Wade,
H. Willoughby (d), S. Ward (d), A. L. Wade, J. H. Wilborne, E.
Whitaker, W. Willoughby, M. W. Wyrick, H. Williams, H. Wrightin-
berry (d), A. E. Wilson, O. C. Wheeler, J. Welch, J. W. Wiley (k),
J. W. Yates (d), W. Young (d), I. Young.
Twenty-seventh Regiment — John Sloan, J. A. Gilmer, colonels;
Andrew D. Lindsay, orderly sergeant.

124 GREENSBORO— 1808-1904
Company B (Guilford Grays) — John Sloan, captain; promoted to
lieutenant-colonel; Wm. Adams, captain from first lieutenant; John
A. Gilmer, to captain from second lieutenant, afterwards lieutenant-
colonel; John A. Sloan, captain. Originally the lieutenants stood:
Wm. Adams, first lieutenant; Eufus Gibson, Jas. T. Morehead, Sr.,
John A. Gilmer, second lieutenants; non-commissioned officers — W. P.
Wilspn, J. A. Sloan, Geo. W. Hewlett, S. B. Jordan, Thos. J. Sloan,
Benj. G. Graham, S. C. Dodson, Ed. B. Crowson; privates — A. Ayers,
J. Ayers, W. Archer, W. D. Bryan, B. M. Brown, B. D. Brown, Henry
Boone, R. G. Boling, B. Burnsides, W. Burnsides, H. Eeitzell, H. M.
Boone, J. H. Causey, C. M. Crowson, E. S. Cobb, A. F. Coble, H. Coble,
A. Cheely, W. C. Clapp, S. W. Clapp, J. D. Collins, F. G. Chilcutt, H.
Crider, J. Coltrain, R. D. Coltrain, J. Cannady, D. L. Clark, Paul
Crutchfield, Chas. A. Campbell, W. D. Cook, Robt. Donnell, W. D.
Dennis, Jas. Dennis, P. D. Dick, S. C. Dodson, J. S. Edwards, D. H.
Edwards, J. M. Edwards, H. R. Forbis, H. L. Forbis, Quint Foust, W.
Green, F. A. Gibson, W. Green, M. Gruber, J. H. Grant, S. B. Gray,
T. B. Gibson, H. C. Gorrell, E. B. Higgins, S. H. Hiatt, G. D. Hines,
L. G. Hunt, E. T. Hampton, W. F. Hunter, S. A. Hunter, J. M. Hardin,
W. Hopkins, H. A. Hall, J. S. Hall, A. Hood, W. D. Hanner, W. A.
Horney, W. J. Hunter, F. A. Hanner, S. S. Hiatt, J. N. Hardin, J. I.
Hackett, R. Heath, L. N. Isley, D. M. Iseley, R. B. Jones, A. W.
Klutts, H. G. Kellogg, P. N. Kirkman, W. N. Kirkman, R. H. Lindsay,
E. B. Lindsay, A. D. Lindsay, J. H. Lindsay, S. M. Lipscomb, I. F.
Lowe, G. W. Lemons, J. M. Lemons, L. S. Lineberry, T. E. Lloyd, J.
T. Sockwell, John H. McKnight, W. D. McAdoo, John W. McNairy,
J. W. McDowell, R. B. McLean, W. H. McLean, Jas. E. McLean, S. F.
McLean, W. H. McFarland, J. M. Marsh, L. May, W. May, J. F. Mc-
Cuistain, D. McConnell, J. M. Marsh, W. A. McBride, John W. Nelson,
A. Orrell, W. F. Owen, J. A. Orrell, H. S. Puryear, W. A. Paisley,
Samuel R. Pounce, L. L. Prather, W. B. Poe, C. E. Porter, James
Pearce, J. N. Reid, J. Tom Rhodes, Henry Eeightsell, E. W. Straford,
C. Stratford, N. M. Sumner, Jesse S. Scott, W. C. Story, Andy L. Stan
ley, E. S. Smith, S. L Smith, B. W. Smith, E. L. Smith John H. Smith,
Wm. Seals, P. Shepherd, B. F. Shuler, H. Suits, Geo. J. Sloan, Ed. G.
Sterling, J. A. Siler, E. T. Sharp, Will U. Steiner, E. S. Smith, A. L.
Stanley, Jas. u. Thomas, Daniel Turner, E. B. Tate, Joel J. Thom,
W. W. Underwood, Eobert D. Weatherly, E. B. Woods, John E. Whar
ton, E. B. Worrell, Samuel P. Weir, Chas. W. Westbrook, T. M. Wood-
burn, J. L. Wilson, J. E. Winburn,. J. W. Williams, Samuel E. Wiley,
Stephen D. Winburn, Geo. H. Woollen, Samuel Young.
The following are the names of the Grays who were killed: Wm.
Adams, at Sharpsburg; W. D. Archer, Fredericksburg; Chas. A. Camp
bell, in skirmish in Virginia; Alfred F. Coble, Sharpsburg; Henry

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 125
Crider, Bristow Station; John Coltrain, Eeam's Station; Jas. M.
Edwards, Sharpsburg; Henry C. Gorrell, Eichmond; Sam. E. B. Gray,
Petersburg; W. L. I. Hunt, Cold Harbor; S. A. Hunter, Newbern; N.
W. Kirkman, Petersburg; Ed. B. Lindsay, L. S. Lineberry, Wilder
ness; John H. McKnight, Bristow; Samuel F. McLean, Wilderness;
Daniel W. McConnell, Petersburg; E. L. Smith, Sharpsburg; John T.
Lockwell, Bristow; Samuel P. Weir, Fredericksburg; Samuel S. Young,
Sharpsburg. Forty-fifth Eegiment — John Henry Morehead was lieutenant-colonel;
died at Martinsburg, Virginia, ,Iune 25, 1863; Jesse Harper Lindsay,
adjutant. Company B — Chas. B. Shober, captain; and promoted to lieutenant-
colonel second battalion; Samuel C. Eankin was made captain; James
M. Wharton, first lieutenant; C. W. Woolen, H. C. Willis, E. E. Saun
ders, second lieutenants; non-commissioned officers — Geo. A. Klutts,
Jas. E. Oats, Eankin S. Tickle, James C. Bunch, John H. Eankin, W.
H. Harrell, A. C. Lash; privates — Andrew Apple, James Apple, Wm.
Adams, Wm. Bridges, Jesse W. Benson, Daniel Bowman, Wm. Bow
man, Euffin Brown, Alfred Brown, Alex. Brown (k). Wash. Britton
(k), John Coble, W. M. Corwin, Cyrus C. Coffin, Simeon Casper, (d),
Daniel M. Coble, Daniel M. Clapp, Jas. Please, A. L. Chesley, Daniel
Cobb, Aaron Davis, W. D. Davis (d), Thos. L. Durham, Robert H.
Downe, Jno. W. Dunsay, H. A. Dillon, Andrew Deaton, N. R. Frazier,
B. M. Fogleman, M. Fulp, Jas. Y. Fulp, Jas. M. Fowler, Wm. A. Far
mer, Wm. Guest, David Gryson, J. A. Ganny, Wm. Harrell, Ed Harrell,
G. Harris, C. Hasket, B. Hayworth, N. Hunt, B. Irvin, T. W. Jennings,
Jas. Jones, J. H. Killam, W. H. Killam (d), Chas. Klutts (d), A. J.
King, W. W. Kirkman, S. Kersey, B. Kennedy, J. Kennedy, B. Kirk
man, B. W. Kirkman, N. Love, W. A. Lewis (d), C. A. Lewis, J. J.
Landingham (k), H. Lovett, J. W. Lovett, C. W. Leonard, G. B. Little,
Jas. M. Lamb, W. J. Lowrey (k), A. P. Long, W. P. McLean, Ed Mor
gan, M. A. May, F. M. McKinney, J_. P. Moore, W. C. Mann, H. M.
Mann, J. C. Mendenhall, L. McGee, W. L. Miller, A. Milloway, Jno.
Melvin, T. Oliver, C. Ozment, Jas. Phipps, G. A. Phipps, L. A. Phipps,
W. Parrish, W. A. Pegram, F. Parker, C. Peebles, E. Parton, N. H.
Parker, J. M. Parker, J. Eobertson (d), W. C. Eoper, W. H. Eoss, J. F.
Eoss (d), O. Eicks (d), J. Eiley, John H. Eankin, W. E. Eeynolds,
J. H. Satterfield, H. Sikes (d), P. Smith, J. M. Smith, G. R. Smith, T.
B. Scott, J. H. Smith (d), T. M. Stevens, A. W. Shields, W. P. Stanley
(k), D. Steel, L. M. Wayneck, H. M. Wrenn, M. Wyrick, H. Wilson,
H. Wood,. O. Wheeler, A. C. Ward, W. A. Wheeler, J. D. Ward, E.
Wood, C. G. Wright, Wm. Wheeler, J. W. York. (All the killed were
at Gettysburg— 1863.)

126 GREENSBORO- 1808-1904
Forty-fifth Regiment; Company C — Jas. T. Morehead, captain; after
ward promoted to lieutenant-colonel of Fifty-third Eegiment; Peter P.
Scales (d), captain; E. L. Morehead, J. Henry Scales, first lieutenants;
E. C. Donnell, second lieutenant; promoted to captain; non-commis
sioned officers — T. C. Davis, E. C. Causey (d), J. A. Case, Wm. Massey
(k), David Morgan (k), J. C. Fields (k), J. C. Eeid, S. Kirkman, S.
D. Knight; privates — A. Aired (d), P. Aired (d), J. Aired, J. C.
Armfield, A. Andrews, Wm. Andrews, W. C. Boon, W. L. Bishop, B.
Bishop, L. M. Barham, H. Brown, J. G. Brown, A. M. Bradshaw, Jeff
Bradshaw, D. W. Bri3edlove (d), Geo. Canady, E. N. Causey, A.
Causey, Doc Clapps (k), Jno. Cowans (k), N. B. Calhoun, W. Garden,
Doc Edwards, P. Edwards, E. M. Elliott, Wm. Farmer (d), D. Garrett,
L. Griffin, C. Hanner, John Harden, Joseph Hardin, A. Holden (d),
T. Howerton, H. Howerton (d), L. Harris (d), J. Harris, W. Holt, H.
Haislip, J. Hemphill, I. Harvey, M. Ingold, H. James, W. Jones, J.
Jones, W. A. Jeffries, J. Jackson, N. A. Jeffries, W. B. Kirkman (k),
B. C. Kirkman, A. Killaman, S. Kine, J. B. Lee (d), F. M. Lee (d),
C. Lemon (d), P. H. Lewis (k), J. Letheo, C. Layton, J. Long, W. E.
May, 0. D. Martin, J. L. McLean, L. McMichael, J. Malcom, Cal Mor
gan, E. B. Merret, Wm. Mooney, W. McIver, J. Marcelis, A. North, J.
Ozment (d), W. Ozment, A. Ozment, H. Parsons, W. Pearman, D.
Pearman, T. J. Poe, H. Pritehard, J. H. Price (d), A. Quate, E. Quate,
W. S. Eiley, Wm. Read, H. Reid, W. ^. Eeid, I. Eumley, D. Eeiley, T.
Eieley, A. Eobinson, L. L. Reid (d), J. H. Scales, S. A. Sutton, J.
Simpson, J. D. Simpson, J. Shotwill, F. Snoffner, C. Smith, J. A.
Smith (d), J. Shelton, S. S. Steele, S. Steele, Jr., Peter Steele, J.
Story (d), Peter Summers, J. L. Scott, D. Shore, G. Stover, P. Thomas,
S. Taylor (d), T. Vincent (d), W. White, J. R. Wright, W. C. White
(d), Jno Witty, J. Whitley, J. Willet, J. M. Wilson, L. Woolen, J.
Woollen, J. Wren, P. A. Wren, A. B. Wray, J. A. Woollen.
Forty-sixth Regiment; Company F, was from Eandolph, with A. C.
McAllister, captain; and Samuel P. Weir, of Guilford, who was killed
at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862, as first lieutenant.
Fifth-third Eegiment — James T. Morehead, colonel; from Forty-
fifth Eegiment.
Fifty-third Eegiment; Company A — A. P. McDaniel, captain; J. M.
Sutton, first lieutenant; afterward captain; P. W. Halrick, S. E. Belk,
W. E. Murray, first lieutenants; W. L. Fleming, second lieutenant;
non-commissioned officers — J. T. Woolen, Eobt. Wilson, J. W. Scott,
J. L. Clapp, J. A. Tate, A. Ingle, E. A. Fleming, B. Presley, J. A.
Ingold; privates — J. T. Andrews, Wm. Adams, J. Apple, M. W. Apple,
B. Baldwin, J. Black, J. Boon, D. Barber, E. Cobb, W. G. Cobb, M.
Cook, W: P. Cook, A. Cook, J. Cook, D. C. Clapp, J. A. Cobb, T. S.

GEEENSBOEO— 1808-1904 127
Cummings, J. 0. Clark, J. B. Davis, J. V. Devault, J. Fleming, Geo.
Freeman, J. B. Forbis, E. Fitch (d), E. Forbis (d), T. Smith (d),
J. Greeson, G. W. Gerringer, P. E. Heath (d), W. E. Huffines, H. Huf-
flnes, S. Huffines, J. Huffines, D. Huffines, W. C. Hubbard, M. Ingle,
A. Ingle, N. Isley, B. Iseley, J. Iseley, J. M. Job, A. Kirk, G. B.
Kernodle, J. Lewis, J. Sockwell (d), A. May (d), S. May, W. L. May,
J. May, D. May (d), F. Mullen, L. T. Montgomery, J. W. Montgomery,
W. D. McAdoo, T. G. McLean, W. E. Murray, I. A. Neese, P. C. Neese,
J. Neese, D. Overman, W. M. Phillippi, W. A. Phillippi (k), J. P.
Phillippi (d), H. G. Eoyal, W. F. Eeese, D. Shepherd, G. Shepherd (d),
L. Shepherd (d), J. E. Sheppard, N. Sheppard, C. Sheppard, John
Shepperd, W. E. Shepperd, Joel Shepperd, L. Shepperd, G. Shepperd,
J. Stuart, P. L. Sutton, E. Sutton, J. M. Sutton, H. E. Swing, Sol
Smith, N. Smith, Alex. Somers, P. E. Somers, J. Stephens, H. Stanley
(d), L. G. Thompson, W. Tickle, G. S. Tickle (k), J. Troxler, G. Trox-
ler, G. S. Troxler, Wm. Troxler, I. A. Woodward, M. S. Whittington,
T. D. Whittington, E. Wilson, H. B. Wooten, P. Waynick, Eli York.
Fifth-third Eegiment; Company D — David Scott, Jr., captain; M.
L. Efland, flrst lieutenant; Peter Doub, second lieutenant. (This
company was made up from Cumberland, Stokes, and Forsyth; captain
Scott living in Fayetteville at that time, and only the names of Guil
ford men are given.) Non-commissioned officers — W. H. White, 0.
P. Hobbs, G. W. Griffiths; privates — G. Alexander, W. Watson, Jas.
Johnson, J. Mitchell, Cal Ozment, Nath. Ozm-ent, Q. Powell, S. Brooks,
J. M. Smith.
Fifty-fourth Eegiment; Company F — E. L. Hooper, captain; Joseph
S. Eagsdale, first lieutenant; Chas. W. Ogborn, Wm. H. Young, first
lieutenants; non-commissioned officers — J. J. Garrett, Wm. Walker, B.
W. Johnson, Samuel Stack, J. A. Andrews, W. H. H. Fields, L. L.
Worthington, J. L. Johnson; privates — ^Pink Apple, D. A. Apple, Peter
Apple, Jno. Brown, E. W. Brown, J. Brinsfield, A. Boyd, W. Bridges,
G. F. Christman, B. Clark, Jas. Cumings, L. Clark, E. E. Dickens (d),
E. P. Daly, S. Flack, W. Harris, Jas. Hughes, J. E. Hopkins, J. H.
Ham, L. Holbrook, P. Hoyle, E. Knott, T. Kemer, T. Newell, A.
Pegram, I. Peaden, J. L. Parrish, H. Parrish, Sr., H. Parrish, Jr., T.
Parrish, Sam B. Reese, A. G. Short (d), R. R. Shepherd, H. Shepperd,
J. C. Self, A. Sutton, J. W. Thomas, M. Thomas, J. H. Tharp, A. N.
Troxler. Sixty-third Eegiment Cavalry; J. Turner Morehead, adjutant. Com
pany I — Nat Eankin, captain; Sam Hanner, first lieutenants; Jas. Horn,
D. E. Sockwell, second lieutenants; non-commissioned officers — B. C.
Nelson, D. B. Coltrain, H. S. Cobb, Jeff Green; privates — W. G. Ander
son, G. W. Barbee, E. L. Bell, B. A. Brown, T. E. Caimes, J. Cooper,

128 GEEENSBOEO- 1808-1904
S. F. Coe, W. E. Grimmer, E. A. Clare, Wm. Coble, E. C. Dick, A. C.
Denny, Jos. Denny, T. D. Denny, S. W. Donnell, B. W. Forbes, J. C.
Faucett, B. W. Gerringer, G. W. Gannon, J. G. Gannon, W. M. Gannon,
S. G. Garner, J. W. Gerringer, J. G. Gray, W. D. Hamer, J. W. Hamer,
D. B. Hardin, T. F. Hendrix, W. J. Hines, B. D. Hines, H. H. Holland,
D. M. Hubbard, 0. S. Hanner, J. S. Haywood, N .F. Heath, W. F.
Highfill, N. V. Hines (k), W. E. Kellum, J. H. King, M. Kirkman, D.
W. Kirkman, Ed Lambert, B. T. Lambert, J. B. Minor, T. S. McNeeley,
W. D. Maxwell, V. C. McAdoo, J. E. Paisley, J. W. Pugh, E. F.
Pritchett, S. D. Phipps, Sam Phipps, M. Eumley, J. Eumley, W. N.
Sikes, S. E. Stewart, A. W. Scott, D. C. Scott, D. W. Stratford, E. M.
Sikes, F. M. Scott, W. H. Shaw, S. E. Stewart, A. B. Tate, G. E.
Troxler, J. E. Troxler, W. P. Tyer, J. G. Wilson, J. W. Wilson, W. P.
Wharton, J. W. Wiley, W. A. Woodburn.
Sixty -third Eegiment; Company K — J. E. Wharton, captain; E. B.
Lindsay, first lieutenant; W. T. Conner, W. D. Wharton, B. F. Sim
mons, second lieutenants; non-commissioned officers — J. E. Wilkinson,
J. T. Pierce, E. Cameron, J. S. Alcorn, A. G. Jones; privates — A.
Brewer, E. C. Brown, W. D. Brown, H. Burton, B. F. Cagle, J. M.
Cagle, J. Cagle, A. Cook, A. G. Crates, J. Crabtree, K. Y. Crabtree,
E. S. Dean, L. H. Dalton, Jas. Davis, G. M. Frazier, C. Fry, E. L.
Fogleman, Jno. Fogleman, W. D. Glenn, E. Harris, S. H. Hampton,
P. Hunt, W. M. Johnston (k), S. Lassiter, J. E. Morrison, A. Millo
way, N. E. Miller, D. W. Moser, B. Milliken, R. Martin, H. H. Parrish,
A. J. Pierce, T. J. Poole, W. Rodgers, P. D. Smith, G. W. Summers,
W. Stanley, B. Williams, S. York, W. F. York, E. L. York.
Seventy-second Regiment, Junior Reserves; Company K — J. W.
Pitts, captain; J. N. Crouch, first lieutenant; T. A. Parsons, Geo. M.
Glass, second lieutenants; non-commissioned officers — David S. Eeid,
W. W. King, W. E. Forbis, A. L. Sullivan, H. Tatum, A. Stephens, J.
F. Eoberson, J. C. Pickens, W. T. Doggett; privates — Jno. Andrews,
Obed Baynes, J. M. Brewer, C. E. Bevill, J. J. Busick, W. E. Bowman,
J. Black, J. J. Brittain, P. L. Coble, Lee Cummings, J. L. Cox, J. W.
Coe, Jesse Dillon, J. W. Efiin, Anderson Fogleman, Franklin Fogle
man, W. E. Forbis, A. M. Fogleman, Wm. Fields, Sol Fuller, W. E.
Fulp, W. E. Gerringer, J. A. J. Green, Water Harris, Wm. Harris,
Floyd Highfield, Henry Hutson, Franklin Jacks, N. Knight, Wm.
Kirkman, John Loman, Geo. Ledford, J. Maynard, J. M. May, Jas.
Mclntire, D. Moore, Jas. Montgomery, M. J. Millis, M. L. Parker, T.
J. Parks, A. R. Pegram, Jno. Pickens, R. Ritchsell, D. Riley, D. L. Reid,
F. Robertson, Harrison Steel, Sanders Summers, Sandford Summers,
J. L. Smith, J. M. Scott, David Scott, A. L. Sullivan, Ad Stephens,
Frank Stanley, Isaac Stanley, Alex. Shepard, J. E. Schoolfield, F. B.
Taylor, N. E. Warwick, Eobt. Whitt, W. H. Weatherly.

GEEENSBOEO- 1808-1904 129
Seventy-fourth Eegiment, Senior Eeserves — Chas. E. Shober, colonel;
E. W. Hancock, lieutenant-colonel; J. E. McLean, major. (The roll of
Company A is not given.)
Seventy-fourth Eegiment; Company B — Jacob Boon, captain; Geo.
Kirkman, flrst lieutenant; F. M. Woodburn, Jno. Soots, second lieuten
ants; privates — S. Amick, G. Alexander, W. Aiken, J. W. Aiken, H.
Bundy, G. M. Bishop, W. Boon, W. Burton, T. C. Carpenter, J. Causey,
G. Coble, Joshua Clapp, Sam Clark, J. J. Causey, Daniel Clapp, D. C.
Clapp, J. Couch, J. H. Dick, D. Deans, C. Dix, H. Elliott, S. Franklin,
O. Friddle, W. Fogleman, J. Fulford, A. Garrett, E. Gullett, M. Ger
ringer, J. Glass, J. Gribble, C. Hemphill, L. M. Hackett, J. Hamer, L.
Holt, G. Holt, E. Hayworth, S. Job, P. F. Kirkman, J. E. Kernodle,
¦J. Kersey, Wm. Low, L. Lineberry, J. Lloyd, S. W. McKnight, John
McColloch, J. D. McColloch, D. McMasters, J. May, J. McAdoo, G.
Morris, E. McBride, Job Neese, M. Ozment, W. Paisley, J. M. Ross,
L. S. Reece, W. Soots, C. Saferight, W. Shaw, H. Shepherd, R. Smith,
C. P. Smith, A. Smith, L. W. Shaw, L. Shepperd, W. Sikes, J. Summers,
M. Stanley, J. Silmon, H. Soots, E. Smathers, E. Trotter, I. Turner,
S. G. Thompson, Geo. Walker, B. Whittington, P. E. Wagoner, B. F.
Wiley, G. Yates. (This company was raised mostly in Guilford, but
no county is given.)
Seventy-fourth Eegiment; Company C — W. B. Johnson, captain; W.
E. Pearson, flrst lieutenant; Jno. Blaylock, Fred Smith, second lieuten
ants; privates — A. Allen, S. G. Bevill, Jesse Brown, J. Baynes, L
Bason, E. Bowman, M. Brown, J. M. Boling, M. Culbertson, S. Camp
bell, W. A. Caldwell, K. N. Caldwell, A. Cain, H. Davis, W. Flynn
L. Farrington, M. Farrington, S. J. Huffines, G. M. Haith, H. High
fleld, J. F. Holt, W. O. Harper, J. Harris, T. F. Hoskins, J. C. Horney,
T. Haley, L. Jones, J. M. Jones, P. H. Jean, D. Lloyd, W. H. Lane,
J. Lloyd, Jno. Ledford, C. Mansfield, J. Meadows, H. P. Moore, W,
Mitchell, J. Nelson, W. Newton, E. J. Nichols, W. H. Newton, A. E,
Owens, N. Ozment, B. H. Oats, M. Ozment, B. Smith, B. Starbuck
J. Smith, U. Stanley, H. Smith, M. S. Sechrist, L. Pinkleton, B. Par,
rish, P. Permar, J. W. Quate, J. Eobertson, T. Eayle, W. J. Robert
son, J. Sullivan, G. M. Thuman, J. Thomas, J. Trueblood, J. B. Temples,
H. Vanbokelin, S. Webb, S. Whitt, H. Watlington, J. Whitt, W.
Wheeler, H. Walker, L. Wood, Jas. Webb, J. Walton, H. K. Weathers-
poon. (This company was raised mostly in Guilford, but no county
is given.)
Eleventh Battalion Cavalry; Company D — T. Rhodes Duval, captain;
S; S. Lindsay, first lieutenant; S. C. Thornton, second lieutenant; non
commissioned officers — H. Clinard, C. J. Watkins, W. H. Morgan, A.
L. Gamble, A. S. Charles, W. G. Tate, J. O. A. Ohadwick, J. J. Shaffer,

130 GREENSBORO- 1808-1904
R. R. Hutchison; privates — E. H. Amos, S. S. Barker, A. Brinkley,
S. S. Brinkley, M. Buriss, G. N. Brands, Thos. Brown, W. R. Goley,
J. B. Coley, J. Carfield, J. Campbell, I. Coleman, T. W. Childress, G.
Dall, N. J. Faucett, R. A. Gambell, J. P. Griffin, J. H. Griffin, J. M.
Hector. T. Harrell, J. Hopkins, J. Hoyle, N. E. Hunt, W. H. Hauser,
J. Hauser, ,T. L. Hauser, J. B. IdoU, R. Jones, A. Long, D. Lingafelt,
J. R. Martin, J. Newsom, J. W. Poosy, S. F. Pugh, M. Proctor, H. B.
Peters, J. J. Peterson, J. K. Robeson, D. Robeson, J. M. Raper, S.
Shoffner, T. Stafford, J. L. Starnes, J. Y. Smith, N. J. Stewart.
Calvin Whittington was on the steamer North Carolina.
Confederate States Navy at Wilmington — Richard Bishop, Wm.
Bundy, J. Clapp, Isaiah Dillon, Jesse Dillard, M. M. Gardner, J. S.
Meadows, John Peeden, Henry Peedon, John Swing, Calvin Stanley.
Fifth Battalion Artillery — On Company A, L. S. Webb, captain, from
Anson, the following tnames appear — -Jas. W. Albright; detailed
(ordinance sergeant Twelfth Virginia Battalion Artillery); Jesse E.
Wharton, detailed quartermaster-sergeant Twelfth Virginia Battalion
Artillery; J. E. Dwiggins, Edward Hobbs (d), J. W. Warren (d), Jas.
A. Wyatt, L. C. Winchester, Jno. E. Warren, Elam Moore, A. Hender
son. Daniel E. Albright was captain of the Home Guards, of Guilford.
Eobert H. Albright was cornetist in the Forty-ninth Regimental
band. Ed. Dick was engineer on the ironclad built at Wilmington in
1863- '64, which was grounded in New Inlet, May 7, 1864.
Captain Geo. H. Gregory, was in the Bethel regiment, afterwards
quartermaster of the Twelfth Virginia Battalion Light Artillery.

CONFEDERATE LOSSES
General J. B. Fry has tabulated the following Confederate losses
from the muster rolls in the Bureau of Confederate Archives at Wash
ington City:
North Carolina — Killed in the war, 14,522; died of wounds, 5,551;
total loss from all causes, 40,275. South Carolina — Killed in the war,
9,187; died of wounds, 3,735; total loss from all causes, 17,682. Georgia
— Killed in the war, 5,553; died of wounds, 1,719; total loss from all
causes, 10,974. Mississippi — Killed in the war, 5,807; died of wounds,
2,651; total loss from all causes, 15,265. Virginia — Killed in the war
5,328; died of wounds, 2,519; total loss from all causes, 14,794. North
Carolina's loss was nearly as many as Georgia and Mississippi and
Virginia combined.

GEEENSBOEO- 1808-1904 131

ILLUSTRATIONS Page
Postoffice Building — from photograph by E. G. White  4
Plot of Greensboro  6
Elm Street — South from Market  10
County Court House  14
Greensboro 's Geographical Location  18
North Carolina State Normal and Industrial College  22
Greensboro Female College (old building)  25
Greensboro Female College (new building)  26
Lindsay Street Graded School  28
Asheboro Street Graded School  30
Agricultural and Mechanical College (Colored)  32
City Hall and Opera House  40
Smith Memorial Building  47
First Presbyterian Church  48
West Market Street Church  50
Centenary Methodist Church  &i
First Baptist Church  54
Grace Methodist Protestant Church  56
Greensboro Loan and Trust Company Building  59
Southern Loan and Trust Company Building  62
Hotel Guilford  63
Lobby of Hotel Guilford  63
Hotel Benbow  64
Benbow Arcade  65
Hotel Clegg  67
Passenger Depot, Southern Eailway  71
Hotel Guilford  75
Odell Hardware Company Buildings  85
Mt. Heela Steam Cotton Mills  93
West Market Street — from photograph by E. G. White  94
Elm Street — South from Washington  106
Battleground Monuments, etc  112
Schenck Monument  113
Maryland Monument — Battleground Oak  114
Colonial Monument  116
Oak Eidge Institute  119
Confederate Battle Flag  121

132 GEEENSBOEO- 1808-1904
CONTENTS Page
PEEFACE  3
CHAPTEE I.
Why and When Greensboro was Made the County Seat. . 5
CHAPTER II.
Greensboro as a Place of Residence and Business  8
CHAPTEE III.
A Word About the County of Guilford  13
Brief Mention of Men, etc  15
Great Snow Storm of 1857  17
CHAPTEE IV.
Greensboro 's School History  19
North Carolina State Normal and Industrial College  21
Greensboro Female College  24
Greensboro Graded Schools  27
Bennett College (Colored); Agricultural and Mechanical
College (Colored)  oj.
Educational Eecord  83
CHAPTEE V.
The Men Who Started the Town  34
The Leading Men in Business in 1856  38
The Mayors and Aldermen from 1857 to 1904  39
CHAPTEE VI.
Political — Governors, Congressmen, Judges  42
Members of Senate and House from 1777 to 1903  44
Members of Bar — Dead and Living  46
CHAPTEE VII.
Churches — ^First Presbyterian Church  4Y
Westminster Presbyterian Church; West Market Street
M. B. Church, South  49
Centenary M. B. Church, South; Proximity M. E. Church,
South; Spring Garden M. E. Church, South  52
First Baptist Church; Walnut Street Baptist Church; St.
Barnabas ' Episcopal  53
St. Cuthbert's Chapel; St. Andrew's Episcopal; St.
Mary's Memorial Chapel; Grace M. P. Church  55
St. Agnes' Catholic Church; Friends' Church; Christian
Church; First Eeformed Church  57

GREENSBORO— 1808-1904 133
CHAPTER VIII.
Banks, Hotels, and Press — Greensboro National Bank. ... 58
Greensboro Loan and Trust Company  59
City National Bank  60
Southern Loan and Trust Company  61
Greensboro 's Hotels — ^Hotel Guilford  63
Hotel Benbow  64
The Benbow Arcade  65
Hotel Clegg; Hotel Huffine  66
The Press of Greensboro  67
CHAPTEE IX.
Items of Special Interest — Whig Campaign of 1840;
Breaking Ground for North Carolina Railroad; Rail
road Completed  70
Political Mass Meeting at Guilford Battleground  72
Annual Re-union of Non-Residents  73
The Annual Meeting of United Confederate Veterans;
The First Benbow—' ' City of Flowers "  74
CHAPTER X.
Greensboro and the Confederacy — Governor Vance in
Greensboro; Governor Vance's Proclamation  77
Greensboro During the War  78
Confederate School Books  79
Greensboro at Close of War  80
Federals Enter Greensboro  81
Extract From War Diary  82
CHAPTER XI.
Greensboro and Her Merchants — Odell Hardware Co  84
Nurserymen — J. A. Young; J. Van Lindley  90
Physicians and Dentists  92
CHAPTEE xn.
Manufacturing Interests  93
Greensboro Furniture Company; Greensboro Sash and
Blind Factory; Spoke and Handle Factory; Hunter
Manufacturing and Commission Company; Sergeant
Manufacturing Company  96
Finishing Mills; Carpet Mills; Proximity, Eevolution,
and White Oak Mills  98
CHAPTEE XIII.
Some Prominent Industries — Electric Plant; Security Life
and Annuity Company  100
Tobacco Notes  101
Telephone Exchange  102

134 GREENSBORO— 1808-1904
CHAPTER XIV.
Organizations, Parks, etc. — Greensboro Industrial and Im
migration Association  103
Audubon Society; Lindley Park; Cone Athletic Park. . . . 104
Fisher Park; Fires  105
Fire Protection; Public Library  107
Central Carolina Fair  108
Hospitals; Keeley Institute  109
Convention City; Andrew Jackson  110
CHAPTER XV.
Guilford Battleground  Ill
Battle of Alamance  115
APPENDIX. Oak Ridge Institute  118
Military Organizations  119
Roster of Confederate Troops from Guilford  121
Confederate Losses During War  130

Date Due
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