YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Gift of Robert Whesser Esq. This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation with Yale University Library, 2008. You may not reproduce this digitized copy of the book for any purpose other than for scholarship, research, educational, or, in limited quantity, personal use. You may not distribute or provide access to this digitized copy (or modified or partial versions of it) for commercial purposes. HIS IlOlfAI^iqjEINBSS tike late DUKE OElTOMl. m^ff^m/m^-^m ffummy-TC^^m^iyjoe. -^rtrt^rt<«^ THE NAVAL CHRONOLOGY; OR, AN HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF NAVAL AND -MARITIME EVENTS,' INCLUDING AUTHENTIC ACCOUNTS OF THE MOST REMARKABLE ENGAGEMENTS, IK WHICH THE Has ever, been so eminently distinguished. ALSO NARRATIVES OF THE MOST DREADFUL OF ALL CALAMITIES A FIRE AT SEA. FROM THE TIME OF The Romans, to the Treaty of Peace of Amiens, WITH A COPIOUS APPENDIX. IN FIVE VOLUMES. A NEW EDITION REVISED AND CORRECTED. VOL III. By ISAAC SCHOMBERG, Esq. v \ *¦ CAPTAIN IN THE ROYAL NAVY. LO ND ON: PRINTED FOR T. EGERTON, AT THE MILITARY LIBRARY, WHITEHALL; BICKERSTAFF, 210, STRAND; AND RICHARDSON, ROYAL EXCHANGE ; By C. Rowortk, Hudson's Court, Strand. APPENDIX. PART I, CHAPTER I. STATE OF THE ROYAL NAVY OF GREAT BRITAIN, WITH A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THAT OF OTHER POWERS. A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF SHIPS OF WAR LAUNCHED BROKEN UP, OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF, SINCE THE YEAR 1756, AND IN WHOSE ADMINISTRATION. ' CHAPTER II. 1 A LIST OF FLEETS, LINES OF BATTLE AND SQUADRONS — WITH THE NAMES OF1 OFFICERS AND NUMBER OF MEN WHO HAVE SEEN KILLED OR WOUNDED IN ACTION. SUMMA OP NAVAL * MARITIME EVENTS. VOL. III. ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦! ¦.- - .,...¦ I l , .— . IP , I. EUROPE. AT AND NEAR HOME. Supplies granted for the fea fervice. A.D. -r-s »797 Jf OR the maintaining 120,000V /. jr. d. men,- including 20,000 marines > 6,240,000 o 0 and fea ordnance - - J ' Ordinary and half-pay to fea and "I , marine officers - - J 53>573 7 Building and repairs of fhips, andl _68 I00' 0 other extra work - - i Towards defraying the expences, i and preventing tfie encreafe of V 5,000,000 o o the debt of the navy - J To defray the expence to be in-' curred by encreafe to the pay of the feamen and marines, and by the propofed iffue of full allowance of provifions - ? 472,000 b o Total fupplies for fra fervice - £13,133,673 1 7 Totalfupplies granted for the year £44,783,262 3 si Vol. III. B '-Flag' 1 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Flag Officers employed. 1797 ' Officers. Rank. Ships. Guru. Portfmouth, Sir P. Parker, Bt. Ad. of the White, R. William 84 Plymouth, Sir Richard King, Bt. Admiral of the 1 Cambridge 8+ DoWns, J. Peyton, Efq. Admiral ofthe Blue, Overyffel 64 Nore, C. Buckner, Efq. Vice Ad. ofthe White, Sandwich 90 S. Lutwidge, Efq. Vice Ad. ofthe White, Zealand 64 Ireland, R. Kingfmill, Efq. Vice Ad. of the Red, no particular fhip Channel, Lord Bridport, Ad. of the White, R.George no Sir A. Gardner,Bt. V. Ad. of the White, R. Sovereign no J. Colpoys, Efq. Vice Ad. of the Blue, London 98 Lord Keith, Vice Ad. of the Blue, Q^ Charlotte no Sir Roger Curtis, Bt. Rear Ad. of tbeRed, Prince 98 ' Lord H. Seymour, Rear Ad. ofthe White, Sans Pareil 84 North Sea, A. Duncan, Efq. Admiral of the Blue, Venerable 74 R. Onflow, Efq. Vice Ad. of the Red, Naffau 64 Mediterranean, Sir ].' Jervis, K. B. Admiral of the Blue, Viftory I IB C: Thompfon, Efq. Vice Ad. ofthe Blue, Britannia 1 10 Hon. W. Waldgrave, Vice Ad. ofthe Blue, Barfleur 98 W. Parker, Efq. Rear Ad. of the Red> Prince George 98 Sir J. Orde, Bt. Rear Ad. of the White, Princefs Royal 98 Horayo Nelfon, Efq. Commodore, Captain 74 North America, - G. Vandeput, Efq. V. Ad. ofthe White, St. Albans 6+ Newfoundland, Hon. W. Waldgrave, V> Ad. of the Blue, Romney 50 Leeward NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. Leeward ftlands. H. Hervey, Efq. Rear Ad. ofthe Red, P. of Wales 98 A.D. »797 Jamaica, SirH. Parker, Knt. Vice Ad. ofthe Red, Queen R. R. Bligh, Efq. Rear Ad. ofthe Red, Brunfwick J. T. Duckworth, Efq. Commodore, Leviathan Cape of Good Hope, T. Pringle, Efq. Rear Ad. of the Red, Sir Hugh C. Chriftian, K. B. Rear? Admiral of the White 9874 74 Tremendous 74 44 > Virginie Eaft- Indies, P. Rainier, Efq. Rear Ad. ofthe White, Suffolk 74 Botany Bay, John Hunter, Efq. Commodore, Reliance 20 z On the 20th of February, his Majefty was pleafed to or der the following promotion of flag officers, viz. Alexander Greene, Efq. .George Keppel, Efq. Samuel Reeve, Efq. Andrew Mitchell, Efq. Charles Chamberlayrie, Efq. Peter Rainier, Efq. Sir Hugh C. Chriftian, K. B. William Trufcot, Efq. Lord Hugh Seymour } Rear-Ads. of the White to be Rear- Admirals of the Red. |- Rear-Admirals ofthe Blue J» to be Rear- Admirals of i the White. Captains, William Swiney Charles Edmund Nugent William Fooks Charles Powell Hamilton Edmund Dod Horatio Nelfon Thoma* Lenox Frederick Sir George Home, Bart. Sir Charles Cotton, Bart. } Rear- Ads. of the Blue. B a Sir 4 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Sir John Ord commanded at Plymouth in the abfe'nce of '797 Sir Richard King; after which he hoifted his flag on board the Princefs Royal, and failed for the Mediterranean. " Rear- Admiral Bazeley commanded in the Downs, during the abferice of Admiral Peyton. . Vice-Admiral Onflow fhifted his flag from the Naflau to the Monarch." Admiral Sir John Jervis from the Victory to the Ville de Paris. i Vice-Admiral Charles Thompfon from the Britannia to the Prince George. Rear- Admiral William Parker from tbe Prince George to the Blenheim, and upon the return to England of Vice- Admiral Thompfon, back again to the Prince George. Vice-Admiral Waldgrave returned to England on board the Flora, and in the month of April was appointed Com mander in Chief and Governor of Newfoundland. \ , , Rear-Admiral Nelfon fhifted his flag from the Captain to theThefeus. After being badly wounded atTeneriffe, and his health otherwife much impaired, he returned to Eng land, on board the Seahorfe. Vice-Admiral Vandeput fhifted his flag from the St. Al- bans.to the Refolution. v OCduRRENCES AT , AND NEAR HOME. On the 3d of January, Admiral Lord Bridport failed with the channel fleet, on a cruize to the wertward ; at the fame time, Rear-Admiral William Parker failed with a fquadron to join Admiral Sir John Jervis, ofFLifbon*. On the fame day, Vice-Admiral Sir George Keith EI- phinftone arrived at Spithead, in the Monarch, from the Cape of Good Hope, but laft from Ireland. On the 13th, the Indefatigable of 44 guns, commanded - by Sir Edward Pellew, and the Amazon of 32 guns, Cap tain Robert Carthew Reynolds, about 50 leagues S. W. of Ufhant, at half paft noon, difcovered a large fhip in the N. W, quarter, fleering under an eafy fail, towards the coaft of France. At this time the wind blew hard at wefly with thick hazy weather. Chace was inftantly given. At four P. M. the Indefatigable had gained fufficiently'upon the chace, for Sir Edward Pellew to diftinguifli very clearly, * Appendix, Chap H. No, 338. . • that NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 5 that fhe had two tier of guns with her lower deck ports (hut, A.D. and that fhe had no poop. - ' « 797 Ata quarter before fix he brought the enemy to clofe ac tion, which continued to be well fupported on both fides near an hour, when the Indefatigable unavoidably fhot a-head; at this moment the Amazon appeared aflern, and gallantly fupplied her place ; but the eagernefs of Captain Reynolds to fecond his friend, had brought him up under a prefs of fail; when, after a well fupported and clofe fire for a little time, he alfo unavoidably fhot a-head. The enemy made an ineffectual attempt to board the Indefatigable; and kept up a conftant arid heavy fire of mufketry till the end of the action, frequently engaging both fides of the fhip at the fame time. As foon as Sir Edward Pellew had replaced fome of the/ difabled rigging, and brought his fhip under a proper fail, and the Amazon having reduced hers, they commenced a fecond attack, placing themfelves, after fome raking broad- fides, upon each quarter often within piftol fhot, This attack lafted without intermiflion for five hours; when the Indefatigable was obliged to fheer off to fecure her mafts. About twenty minutes paft four in the morning, the moon opening rather brighter rthan before, fhewed to" Lieutenant Bell, who was Watchfully looking out on the forecaftle, a glimpfe of the land ; which he had fcarcely re ported to Sir Edward Pellew, before the breakers were feen. At this time the Indefatigable was clofe under the enemy's ftarbAard bow,' and the Amazon as hear her on the lar board; not an inftant could be loft-^every life depended upon the prompt execution of orders; nothing could equal the activity of her brave crew, who, with incredible ala crity, hauled the tacks on board and made fail to the fouth- ward. Before day-light they again faw breakers upon the lee bow, and wore to the northward. Not knowing ex actly on what part of the coaft they were embayed, the .lin gering approach of day-light was moft anxioufly looked for ; and foon after it opened; the land was feen very clofe a-head;1 the fhip was again wore in twenty fathoms water, and ftcrod to the ibuthu>ard. A few minutes after the Inde fatigable difcovered and paffed within a mile of the enemy ' who had fo bravely defended himfelf; the fhip was laying on her broadfide, and a tremendous furf beating over her. B 3 The 6 ' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. The miferable fate of her brave crew was perhaps the more x797 fincerely lamented by thofe of the Indefatigable, from the apprehenfion of their fuffering a fimilar misfortune, having at that time four feet water in the hold, a great fea, and the wind dead on the ftlore. Sir Edward Pellew was now able to afcertain his fitua tion to be that of Hodierne bay, and that their fate depended upon the poflible chance of weathering the Penmark rocks, which, by the uncommon exertions of her fatigued and exhaufted crew, in making all the fail they could fet, was happily accomplifhed at eleven o'clock:, pacing about a mile to windward of them. The fate ofthe Amazon was not fo fortunate ; when the Indefatigable had hauled her wind to the fouthward, fhe had- hauled hers to the northward : -Captain Reynolds, notwith standing every effort, found his malts, yards, rigging, and fails fo miferably cut andfhattered, with three feet water in his hold, that it was impoffible to work off the fliore ; in this condition, a little after five.in the morning the Amazon ftruck the ground ; and almoft at the fame moment the ene- " my fliared afimilar fate. The crew (excepting fix, who ftole away the cutter and were drowned) was faved by making rafts ;. and upon their landing they were made pri foners. In this gallant ajSion, which commenced at a quarter before fix P.M. and lafted (excepting at fhort intervals,} until half paft four A. M: the fea was fo high, that the people in both fhips were up to their middles in water on the main deck. Some of the guns on board the Indefati gable broke their breechings four times over; others drew the ring bolts from the fides ; and many, from getting wet, were repeatedly drawn immediately after loading. The lofs fuftained was only 19 wounded on board the Indefatigable; among the number Mr. Thompfon, the firft lieutenant. . The Amazon had three men killed, and fifteen badly wounded. '/' The enemy's fhip proved to be Les Droits des Hommes, of 74 guns, commanded by Captain ci-devant Baron Le Crofs, manned with 1600 men, feamen and foldiers, 170 of whom penfhed, exclufive of thofe killed in the aftion On the 22d of February two French frigates, a corvette and a lugger, anchored in Fifhguard Bay, on the coaft of Wales, NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 7 A.D. Wales, where they landed 1200 troops, without cannon, 179 7 and again failed.* On the appearance the next day ofthe Britifh forces, confifting of a part of the North Devon militia, and other provincial troopsj which had been col lected, under the command of Lord Cawdor ; the French general fent an officer with propojals to furrerider themfelves prifoners of war; which being accepted, they laid down their arms. ; On the 3d of March Admiral Lord Bridport failed from St. Helens with, the channel fleet on a cruize off Breft. f On the 5th Captain George Duff, in the Glenmore frigate, arrived in Yarmouth Roads, with an account of the Dutch fleet having returned into the Texel. On the 9th Sir Harry Burrard Neale, in the St. Fio renzo of 40 guns ; and Captain John Cook^ in La Nymph of .36, having been fent by Lord Bridport to reconnoitre the enemy's fleet in Breft, on their way to rejoin the admiral, difcovered two French frigates ftanding in for the land. The wind being at this time off fhore, and the French fleet in fight from their tops in Breft Road, it was neceflary to make as decided and prompt an attack as poflible ; for thTs purpofe both frigates bore down on the headrnoft and Iargeft of the French fhips, which they attacked fo warmly, that after a fhort refiftance fhe ftruck. By this time the finaller ¦ frigate came up, and being inftantly attacked in the fame manner, foon alfo furrendered. Thefe fhips proved to be La Refiftance, of 48 guns, 18 pounders on her main deck, commanded by M. Montagne, and manned with 345 men, ten of whom were killed ; the firft lieutenant and eight wounded. The other La Confiance, commanded by M. Defauney, - , of 24 nine pounders and 189 men, of whom eight were killed and fix wounded. Thefe fhips were taken into the fervice ; the name of La Refiftance was changed to the Fifhguard, in confe- quence of thefe being two ol the French fquadron which * French Frigates. -Stopt. Gum. La Vengeance La Kefiftance- - 44 - -44 La Conftance - 24 Le Vauteur - H t App. Chap. II. Wo. 339. B4 landed 8 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. landed the troops in the bay of that name on the coaft of J 797 Wales. Neither the St. Fiorenzo or Nymphe had any men killed or wounded. On the 3d of April Rear Admiral Sir Roger Curtis failed from St. Helens with a detachment of the Channel fleet, to cruize in the Soundings.* ' On the 15th of April a fpirit of mutiny and difcontent univerfally pervaded the fleet at Spithead, which created a considerable, degree of alarm throughout the kingdom, and threatened to fubvert that difcipline in the naval fervice by which our fleets were fo well regulated, and confequently fo often led to victory. In order to give a -clear idea of this unfortunate event, it will be neceffary to detail circumstantially the whole trans action. In the month of February-petitions were fent from all the line of battle fhips at Portfmouth to Lord Howe; but being all written by, one perfon, and couched in the fame .language, it was prefumed they were only the productions of forrie faftious or mad brained individuals, who were too contemptible for notice; the petitions were therefore thrown afide, and obtained no anfwers. The neglect of the. peti tion of the feamen on their return to port from the laft, cruize, produced a general correfpondence by letters from fhip to fhip throughout the whole fleet; and at length it. was unanimoufly agreed by the refpective crews, that no fhip fhould lift an anchor till a -redrefs ofgrievances was obtained. In this ftate matters remained till the 15th of April, when Lord Bridport ordered the fignal for the fleet to prepare for fea; but inftead of weighing anchor, the' feamen of the Queen Charlbtte ran up the fhrouds and gave three- cheers, as the fignal for difaffedion, which was anfwered i"n' like manner by every (hip in the fleet. The captains and offi cers, aftonifhed at this fudden and violent aft ofdifobedi- ence, ufed every means in ttfeir power to perfuade the men to retujn to their duty ; butall their exertions were "ineffec tual. The next day two delegates were appointed from each fhip to reprefent the whole fleet • and the admiral's ' cabin in the Queen Charlotte was fixed upon as the place for their deliberations. On the 1 7th every man in the fleet * App. Chap. II. No. 340. was NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. § was fworn to fupport the caufe in which he had embarked. A-D- Their next procedure was' the reeving ropes, in terrorem, J797 at the fore-yard arm, arid turning all the officers out of the fleet who had behaved in any manner to offend them. On the 18th a committee of the board of admiralty ar rived at Portfmouth,* who made fevjeral proportions to re duce them to obedience, but ineffectually. On the 21ft Admirals Gardner, Colpoys, and Pole, went on board the Queen Charlotte, in order to confer with the Delegates ; who affured the admirals that no arrangement would becon- 'fidered as final until it fhould be functioned by the king and parliament, and guaranteed by a proclamation for a ge neral pardon. This fo difappointed and irritated Admiral Gardner, that he feized one of theiAlegates by the collar, and fwore he would have them all hsmged, with every fifth man throughout the fleet. The crew was fo exafperated at this excellent officer, that it was with difficulty he, efcaped from that fhip with his life. The Delegates from the Royal George returned to their fhip, and informed the crew of what had happened, who, after fome confultation, refolved on fum- monifig all the delegates on board their fhip, which was doneby hoifting the red or bloody flag, which ftruck terror through the fleet, (as the fignal was not generally underftood) and par ticularly to the officers, who trembled for theconfequences, fearing that fomething dreadfully hoftile was intended. It was at this moment that the much valued and refpected Lord Bridport's flaa; was ftruck, with a refolution never to, difplay it again. The fleet next proceeded to load all their , guns; ordered a watch to be kept the fame as at fea : and put every thing in a ftate of defence, keeping every officer to his refpective fhip. On the 22d the men were fomewhat pacified, and caufed two letters to be written ; one to the lords of the admiralty, ftating the caufe of thejr conduct on the preceding days ; and the other to Lord Bridport, in which they ftiled nun their father and fijiend, and avowed no intentional offence, to him. This had fo great an effect, that on the 23d the admiral . went on board the Royal George, re-hoifted his flag; and, after a fhort but manly and energetic addrefs to the crew, in which he told them the painful bufinefs of the laft week * Earl. Spencer, Lord Arden, Rear Admiral Young, William Marfden, Eiq. Deputy Secretary. , would 10 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.t). would be the means of hurrying him fhortly to his grave, he J797 informed them that he had brought with him a redrefs of- all their grievances, and his Majefty's1 pardon for the offenders. After fome deliberations thefe offers were accepted, , and every man returned with cheerfulnefs to his duty. The following is an 'authentic copy of the feveral papers which paffed on this very1 extraordinary eccajion. To the Right Honourable and the Honourable Knights,, Citizens, and Burgeffes, in Parliament affembled. The humble Petition of the Seamen and Marines on board' his Majefty's Fleet on behalf of themfelves ; Humbly Sheweth, That your petitiorlpS, relying on the candour and juftice of your honourable houfe, make bold to lay their griev ances before you, hoping, that when you refleft on them, you will pleafe to give redrefs, asfar as your wifdom fhall deem neceffary. We beg leave to remind your auguft affembly, that the act of parliament paffed in the reign of King Charles the Second, wherein the wages of all feamen ferving -on board his Majefty's" fleet was fettled, paffed at a time when the.ne- ceffaries of life, and flops of every denomination, were at leaft- 30 percent, cheaper than at the prefent time, which enabled feamen and marines to provide better for their fa milies than we can now do with one half advance. We therefore requeft your -honourable houfe will be fo kind as to revive the act before mentioned, and make fuch amends therein as will enable your petitioners and their families to live in the fame comfortable manner as feamen and marines did at that time. Your petitioners with all humility laid their grievances before the Hon. Earl Howe, and flattered ourfelves with the hopes that his lordfhip would have been an advocate for us, as we have been repeatedly under his command, and made the Britifh flag ride triumphantly over that of our enemies : but, to our great furprize, we find ourfelves unproteded by bim, who has feen fo many inftances of our intrepidity in carrying the Britifh flag, into every part of the feas* with victory and fuccefs. We profefs ourfelves as loyal to our Sovereign, and zea lous in the defence of our country as the army or militia can be j and efteem ourfelves. equajly entitled to his Ma jefty's mm) JTAYAL CHRONOLOGY. 11 jefty's munificence ; therefore with jealoufy we behold their A.D. pay augmented, and the out-penfions of Chelfea College ' 797 increafed to thirteen pounds per annum, while we remain negle&ed, and theout-penfioners of Greenwich have only feven pounds per annum. We, your petitioners, therefore humbly implore that you will take thefe matters into confideration ; and with your accuftomed goodhefs and liberality, comply with the prayer of this petition, and your petitioners, as in duty hound, will ever pray, &c. 5Ve, the Delegates ofthe Fleet, hereunto fign our names for the fhip's companies : Royal George, Valentine Joyce, John Morris. Queen Charlotte, Patrick Glynn, John Uddlefen. Royal Sovereign, Joleph Green, John Richardfon. London, Alexander Harding, William Ruby. Glory Patrick Diigen, John Bethell. Duke Michael Adams, William Anderfon. Mars, Thomas Allen, John Blithe. Marlborough, John Vaffia, William Senater. Ramillies, Charles Berry, George Clear. Robuft, David Wilfon, John Scrivener. L'Impetueux, John Witna, William Porter. Pefence, .George Galaway, James Baurick. Terrible, Mark Turner, George Salked. Le Pompee, William Potts, James Melvim Minotaur, Dennis Lawley, George Crofland. Defiance} John Saunders, John Hufband. Copy of the Petition to the Admiralty. To the Right Honourable the Lords Commiffioners of the Admiralty: We, the Seamen of his Majefty's navy, take the liberty pfaddreffing»your Lordfhips in an humble petition, fhew- ing the many hardfhips and oppreffions we have laboured imder for many years, and which we hope your Lordfhips will redrefs as foon as poffible. We flatter ourfelves that your. Lordfhips, together with the nation in general, will acknowledge our worth and good * fervices, both in the American war and the prefent; for which fervice your Lordfhip's petitioners do unanimoufly agree in opinion, that their worth to the nation, and labor nous induftry in defence of their country, deferve fome better 12 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. fitter encouragement than that we meet with at prefent, or ,*797 from any we have experienced. We your petitioners, do notboaft of our goodfenqces for any other purpofe, than that of putting you and the nation in mind of the refpe^t due to us ; nor do we ever intend to deviate from our former character ; fo far from any thing of that kind, or that an Ertglifhman or men fhould turn their coats ; we likewife agree in opinion, that we fhould fuffer double the hardfhips we have hitherto experienced, before we would fuffer the crown of England to be in the leaft impofed upon by that of any. other power jn the world; we therefore beg leaVe to inform your Lordfhips of the grievances which we at prefent labour under. We your humble petitioners relying, that 'your Lord fhips will take into early confideration the grievances of which we complain ; and do not in the leaft doubt but your ¦ Lordfhips will comply with our defires, which are every way reafonabje. The firft grievance which we have to complain of is, that our -wages are too Isw^^fiS ought to be raifed, that we might be better able to fupport our wives and families in a manner comfortable, and whom we are in duty bound to fupport as far as our wages will allow, whichj we truft, will be looked into by your Lordfhips and the honourable Houfe of Commons in parliament affembled. We your petitioners beg that your Lorejfliips will take into confideration the grievances of Which we complain, ' and now lay before you. Firft, that our provifions be raifed to the weight of fix teen ounces to the pound, and of a better, quality ; and that our meafures may be the fame as thofe ufed" in the commer cial trade of this country. Secondly, that yonr petitioners requeft your honours will pleafe to obferve, there fhould be no flour ferved while we are in harbour, or any port whatever under the com mand ofthe Britifh. flag; and alfo that there be granted a fufficient quantity of vegetables of fuch kind as may bb the moft plentiful in the ports to which we go, which we grievoufly complain and lieunder the want of. " Thirdly, that your Lordfhips will be pleafed ferioufly to i look into the ftate of the fick on board his Majefty's fhips that they be better attended to, and that they may have the ufe of fuch neceffanes as are allowed for them in time of their NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 13 their ficknefs; and that thefe neceffaries be not on anyac- A.D. count embezzled. 1797 Fourthly, that your Lordfhips will be fo kind as to look into this affair, which is no ways unreafonable; and that we may be looked upon as. a number of men ftanding in defence of our country ; a'nd that we may in fome wife have granted an opportunity to tafte the fweets of liberty on fhore when in any harbour ; and when we have completed the duty of our fhips, after our return from fea ; and that no man may incroach upon his liberty, there fhall be a boun dary limited, and thofe trefpaffing any further, without a written order from the command ing officer, fhall be punifh- ed according to the rules of the navy; which is a natural requeft, and congenial to the heart of man, and certainly to us, that you make the boaft of being the guardians of the land, , Fifthly, that if any man is wounded inaction, his pay be continued until he is cured and difcharged ; and if any fhip has any real grievances to complain of, we hope your Lordfhips will readily redrefs them) as far as in your power, to prevent any difturbances. It is alfo unanimoufly agreed by the fleet, that from this day no grievance fhall be received, in order to convince the nation at large, that we know when to ceafe to afk, as well as when to begin ; and that we afk nothing but what is moderate,, and may be granted, without detriment to the nation, or injury to the fervice. Given on board the Queen Charlotte, by the Delegates ofthe Fleet, this 18th day of April, 1797. (The fignatures the fame as to the preceding petition.) The Lords of the Admiralty, who were a' Portfmouth,, fent to Lord Bridport the following anfwer to the petition of the feamen. By the.Commiffioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral of Great Britain and Ireland, Sec. Having taken into confideration the petitions tranfmitted to us by your Lordfhip from the crews of his Majefty's fhips under your command; and having the ftrongeft defire ., to attend to all complaints of the feamen of his Majefty's navy, and to grant them every juft and reafonable redrefs;' and having confidered the difference of die price ofthe ne- . ceflaries 41 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. ceffaries of life at this, and at the period when the pay of *797 feamen was eftablifhed, we do hereby require and. direct your Lordfhip to take the fpeedieft method of communicat ing to the fleet, That we have refolved to recommend it to his Majefty to propofe to parliament to increafe the wages of feamen in his Majefty's navy in the following pro- portions, viz. To add four fhillings per month to the wages of petty officers and able feamen. Three fhillings per month to the wages of ordinary fea men ; and two fhillings per month to the wages of landmen. That we have refolved that feamen wounded in action fhall be continued in pay until their wounds are healed; or, until being declared unferviceable, they fhall receive a penfion, or be received into the Royal Hofpital at Green wich ; and that having a perfect confidence in the zeal, loyalty, and courage of all the feamen in the fleet, fo gene rally expreffed in their petition ; and in their earner! defire of ferving their country with that fpirit which always fp eminently diftinguifhed Britifh feamen; we have come tp this refolution the more readily, that the feamen may have as early as poffible an opportunity of fhewing their good difpofitions, by returning to their duty ; as it may be ne- ceffary that the fleet fhould fpeedify be put to fea, to meet the enemy of the country. Given under our hands at Portfmouth, thei8th day of April, 179J. Spencer. To the Right Honourable Lord Bridport, K./ B. Admiral of the White, Commander in Chief of a Squadron of his Majefty's Ships employed in the Channel Service. Arden, W. Younq. The Seamen's Reply. We received your Lordthip's anfwer to our petition s and in order to convince your Lordfhips, and the nation in general, of our moderation, beg leave to offer the following remarks to your confideratiofis, viz.— That there never has exifled but two orders of men in the navy, able and ordi nary NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 15 nary; therefore the diftinction between ordinary and land- A.D. men is totally new ; we therefore humbly propofe to your » 795 Lordfhips, that the old regulations be adhered to, that the wages of able feamen be raifed to one fhilling per day, and that of petty officers and ordinary in the ufnal proportion : and as further proof of our moderation, and that we are actuated by a true fpirit of benevolence towards our bre thren the marines, who are not noticed in your-Lordfhip's anfwer, we humbly propofe that their pay be augmented, while ferving on board, in the fame proportion as ordinary i feamen. This we hope and truft will be a convincing proof to your Lordfhips that we arejior actuated by a fpirit of contradiction, but that weearneftly wifh to put a fpeedy end to the prefent affair. We beg leave to ftate to your Lordfhips, that the penlions from Greenwich Hofpital we earneflly wifh to be raifed to ten pounds per annum; and, in order to maintain which, we hurnbly propofe to your Lordfhips, that every feaman employed in the merchants' fervice, inftead of fixpence per month, which he now pays, fhall hereafter pay one fhilling per month, which we truft will raife a fund fully adequate to the purpofe; /and as this in time ol peace muft be^paid by your petitioners, we truft it will give a convincing proof of our difintereftednefs and moderation. We would alfo recommend that this re gulation be extended to the feamen in the fervice of the Eaft-India Company, as we know by experience that there are few fai lors employed by them but what have been in the royal navy ; and we have feen them wiih our own eyes, after ficknefsor other accident has difabled them, without any hope of relief or fupport, but from their former fervices in the navy. As to provifions, that they be augmented to fixteen ounces to the pound of bread and meat; cheefe, butter, and liquors in proportion,- and of a better quality, and a fufficieht quantity' of vegetables; and that no flour be ferved with f'reih beef. And we further beg leave to inform your Lordfhips, that it is unanimoufly agreed, that until the grievances before ftated are redreffed, and an act of indemnity paffed, we are determined riot to lift an an chor, and the grievances of particular fhips muft be re dreffed. Given under 'our hands, the Delegates of the Fleet, on board the Queen Charlotte at Spithead, April 19, 1797. (Signed as before.) The iQ NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. The. next day the following letter from the Admiralty, x797 was fent to Lord Bridport, notifying their compliance with, the demands of the feamen * with their final anfwer, and a copy of the Royal Proclamation. .By the Commiflioners for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral of Great Britain, Ireknd, &c. Having taken into our confideration a paper, containing feveral reprefentations from the feamen of his Majefty's fhips at Spithead, refpecting the advance of their wages,' and being .delirous of granting them every requeft that can with any degree of reafon be complied with,' we have re folved to recommend it to his Majefty, that an addition of five fhillings and fix-pertce per month be made to the wages of petty officers and feamen belonging to his Ma jefty's navy, which will make the wages of able feamen one fhilling per day,- clear of all deductions ; and an addi tion of fdur fhillings and fix-pence per month to the wages of ordinary feamen ; and an addition of three fhillings and fix-pence per month to the wages of landmen : and that „ • none pf the ^allowance made to the marines when on fhore ' fhall be flopped, on their being embarked on board any of his Majefty's fhips. — We have alfo refolved, that all fea men, marines, and others, ferving in his. Majefty's fhips, fhall have the full allowance of provifions,' without any de ductions for leakage or waft? ; and that until proper fteps- can be taken for carrying this into effect, fhort allowance money fhall be paid to the men in lieu of the deduction heretofore made ; and that all men wounded in adlion fhall receive their MI 'pay until their wounds fhall be healed; or, until, being declared incurable, they fhall re ceive a penfion from the cheft at Chatham, or fhall be ad mitted into the Royal Hofpital at Greenwich. And your Lordfhip is hereby required and direaed to communicate this our determination to the Captain of each of bis Ma-' jefty's fhips under your orders, direding him to make it known to- the fhip's company under his command, and to inform them, that fhould they be infenfiblc to the very li beral offers now made to them,' and perfift in their prefent difobedience, they muft no longer expect to enjoy thofe benefits to which, by their former good conduct, they were entitled : and that in fuch cafe, all the men now on . board the fleet at Spithead, fhall be incapable of receiving any NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. \J any fmart money or penfions from the chert of Chatham, A.D. or of being admitted at any time into the Royal Hofpital at x 797 Greenwich ; and that they muft be, anfwerable for the dreadful confequences which will neceffarily attend their continuing to tranfgrefs the rules of the fervice, in open violation. of the laws of their country. On the- other hand, he is to inform them, that we pro mife the moft perfect forgivenefs of all that has paffed on this occafion to every fhip's company,- who, within one hour after the communication to them of th€ above-men tioned refolutions, fhall return to their duty in every parti cular, and (hall ceafe to hold- further intercourfe with any men who continue in a ftate of difobedience and mutiny. Given under our hand's at Portfmouth, the 20th of April, 1797. Spencer, ¦ Arden, W. Young. By" command of their Lordfhips, W. Marsden, To the Right Honourable Lord Bridport, Admiral of the White, &c. To the Right Honourable the Lords Commiffioners of the Admiralty. We, the feamen and marines in and belonging to his Majefty's fleet now lying at Spithead, having received with the utmoft fatisfaction, and with hearts full of gratitude* the bountiful augmentation of pay and provifions which your Lordfhips have been pleafed to fignify (hall take place in future in his Majefty's royal navy by your order, which has been read to us this morning by the command of Ad miral Lord Bridport. Your Lordfhips having thus taken the prayer of our fe veral petitions .into your ferious confideration, you have given fatisfaction to every loyal and well-ditbofed feaman , and Marine belonging to his Majefty's fleets ; and from the afturance which your Lordfhips have given us refpecting fuch other grievances as we thought right to lay before you, we are thoroughly convinced fhoukl any real grievance or other caufes -of complaint arife in future, and the fame be. laid before your Lordfhips in a regular manner, we are per- Vol. III. C fectly 18 Naval chronology. A.D. fectly fatisfied that your Lordfhips will pay every attention *797 to a number rjf brave men, who ever have, -and ever will be true and faithful to their King and country. But we beg leave to remind your Lordfhips, that if is a firm refolution, that until the flour in port be removed, the vegetables ahd penfions augmented, the grievances of pri- , vate fhips be redreffed, an act paffed, and his, Majefty's moft gracious pardon for the fleet now lying at Spithead beT granted, that the fleet will not lift an anchor ; and this is the total and final anfwer. The following is a copy of, the Royal Proclamation'. By the KING. A Proclamation ' For pardoning fuch feamen and marines of the fquadron of His Majefty's fleet ftationed at Spithead, as have been guilty of any act of mutiny or difobedience of orders, or any breach or neglect of duty; and who, fhall upon noti fication of fuch proclamation on board, their refpective fhips, return to their regular and ordinary difcharge of their duty. George R. Upon report of the Lords Commifljonefs of the Admi- • ralty ofthe proceedings of the feamen and marines, of the • fquadron of our fleet ftationed at Spithead, and ofthe mea-' ¦fures taken by the faid Lords Comrniffioners' in confe- quence thereof; and in orderto manifeft our defire to give due encouragement to all thofe who fhall return to the re- ' /gular and ordinary difcharge of their duty, according to. the , rules and practice of the navy; we have thought fit, by the advice of our Privy Council, to iflue this our royal proclamation, and do hereby promife our moft gracious pardon, to all feamen and marines ferving on. board the faid fquadron, who fhall upon notification hereof on board their refpedive fhips, return to the regular and ordinary dis charge of their duty; and we do hereby decjare, that all, fuch feamen and marines fo returning to their duty, fhall be difcharged and releafed from all profecutions, imprjfotv- menfs, and .penalties, incurred by reafon of any act of . mutiny NAVAL chronology. ' lp mutiny. or difobedience of orders, or any breach or neglect A.D. of duty, pfevioufly committed by them, or any of them, r797 Given at our; Court at Windfor, the 22d day of April 1797, and the 37th year of our reign, God favethe King. : It was now generally thought that all difputes were, finally fettled, arid the fleet dropped down to St. Helens ; but on the 7th of May, when Lord Bridport ,made the fignal to weigh and put to fea, every fhip in the fleet 'refufedtd obey: The feamen alledged as a reafon for this fecond act of difobedience, the filence which Government obferved on the fubject of their complaints, which led them to fufpect that the prorhifed redrefs of grievances was intended to be withheld; this idea was more forcibly impreffed on, their minds by the diftribution of a number of feditious hand bills among th.?, fhips ; the feamen therefore refolved to hold a convention of delegates on board the London at Spithead; for this, purpofe they proceeded in their boats alongfide that fhip. Vice Admiral Colpoys refolved to oppofe* if poffi- ble, their coming on board, and cautioned them againft acting as they had, formerly done. He told them they had afked a great deal, and obtained much, and he would not fuffer them to proceed to demand more; that they ought to be contented ; and if they offered to meet in convention, he would order the marines to fire on them. The deleT gates, however, perfifted ; the admiral ordered the marines to leveltheir pieces at the delegates ; in this fituation' the adrniralagain admoniihed them* but to no purpofe ;. a flight feuffle enfued; one of the. delegates (all of whom were armed) fired at Lieutenant Sims, of the marines, and wounded;- him.. . The marines were then ordered to fire by the firft lieutenant of the fhip; they obeyed, and five fea men were: killed, two of whom were delegates. The wkole crew of the London now declared open' hoftility to the officers, and marines; they turned the guns in the , fore part .of the fhip towards the ftern, and .threatened to blow all aft into the water unlefs they furrendered : to this imperious menace, they were obliged feluftanily lo fubmit. In confequence of the orders which the firft lieutenant had given to fire, the feamen were proceeding to hang him ; but Admiral Colpoys interfered,, and told them that that ,C 2 officer 20 j NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, A.D officer, had acted on inftrudtions which he Admiral Colpoys^ *797 had received from the Admiralty. Thefe inftrudtions the feamen demanded,' and obtained. They then confined5 Admiral Colpoys, Captain Griffiths, and the officers, to their cabins, and made the marines prifoners. On the i itfo the crew fof the London expreffed a wifh that Admiral Colpoys and Captain .Griffiths fhould go on fhore, which they accordingly did, accompanied by the Rev. Mr. Cole, 1 the chaplain. The crews of feveral other fhips behaved in a moft riotous manner; many captains aftd officers, front- their ftrict adherence to difcipline, were turned on fhore; amongft thefe, were Captain Hal loWay, of the Duke;1 Captain Alexander Hood, of the Mars; Captain Thomast Wells, of the Defence; Captain George Campbell, of the Terrible; Captain Nichols, of the Marlborough; Captain John Cooke, of La Nymphe ; Captajn William Bligh, of the Latona; with feveral others: they alfo obliged Vice Admiral Sir Alan Gardner, and three of the lieutenants, to quit the Royal Sovereign. Soon after the fea men of the Royal Sovereign , and fome other fhips, requeft ed the vice admiral and their officers to return and refume their commands, which Admiral Gardner declined until they agreed to receive alfo the three lieutenants which had1 been put on fhore with him. The fleet remained in this mutinous ftate until the 14th, when Lord Howe arrived at Portfmouth with plenary 'powers, to enquire into and fettle the matters indifpute; he alfo brought with him an act e»f parliament which had1 been paffed on the 9th,' in compliance withthe wifhes of the feamen; and a proclamation of pardon for all Who fhoijldi immediately return to their duty. On the 15th the Delegates from the Teveral fhips landed', and proceeded to the governor's houfe at Portfmouth; and after having partaken of fome refreshments, marched in proceffion to the Sally Port, where they embarked on boar* the men of wars barges, accompanied by Lord and Lady Howe, fome officers, and perfons of diftinaion. - Having vifited the fhips at St. Helens,, they proceeded to Spit head, where the crews of the fhips under Sir Rogej , Curtis, Who had juft arrived from a cruize, were happily reconciled. ' . " ¦ ^ * At feven in the evening Lord Howe landed, and the de legates NA.VAL CHRONOLOGY. 21 legates carried him on their fhoulders to the governor's A.D. houfe. Affairs being thus adjufted to the fatisfa&ion ofthe I79*' failors, the flag of difaffedtion was ftruck, and the fleet put to fea the next day ta encounter the enemy.* The conceffions of Parliament and its acquiefcence to > the demands of the feamen, it was to be hoped would have reftored general tranquility throughout the navy; but.^w,- towards the end of May, a mutiny ftill more alarming than v^ the preceding, broke out on board the fhips at the Nore pnd in the North Sea fleet, under a pretence of redrefs of other grievances, befides what related to pay and provi- fione. The mutineers, in imitation of what had been done at Portfmouth, chofe two delegates from every fhip, of whom a man pf the name of Richard Parker was appointed Prefi dent; befides thefe, there was, in each fhip, a committee confiding of twelve men, who determined, not only all affairs relative to the interna) management of the fhip, but decided upon the merits of the respective delegates. On the 2oth of May, they fent the following ftatement of their demands to Admiral Buckner, to be by him tranfmitted to the Admiralty ; to which they peremptorily demanded com pliance, as the only terms upon which they would return to obedience, viz. Art. ift. That every indulgence granted to the fleet at Portfmouth, be granted to His Majefty's fubjedts ferving in the fleet at the Nore, and places adjacent. 2d. That every man, upon a (hip's coming into har bour, fhall have lirjerty (a certairj number at a time, fo as not to injure the fhip's duty] to go and fee their friends and families ; a convenient time to be allowed to each man. 3d; That all fhips, before they go to fea, fhall be paid all arrears of wages down to fix months, according to the old rules. '• , 4th. That no officer that has been turned out of any of His Majefty's -fhips, fhajl be employed in the fame lhip. again, without confent of the (hip's company. 5th. That when any of H's Majefty's (hips fhall be paid, that may have been, fome time in Gommiftiort, if ^hcre are any preffed men on board, that may not be in f Appendix, Chap. II. No, 341. , C3 the 22 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. the regular courfe of payment, they fhall receive tw*j *797 months advance to furnifh them with neceffaries. 6th. That an indemnification be made any man who. run, and may now be in His Majefty's naval fervice, arid they, fhall not be liable to be taken up as ae ferters. 7th. That a more equal diftributiori be made of prize money to the crews of His Majefty's fhips and veffels of war. 8th. That the Articles of War, as now enforced, re quire various alterations, feveral of which ought to be ex* ¦ punged therefrom ; and if more moderate ones were held, forth to the feamen in general, it would be -the means of taking off th^t terror and prejudice againft His Majefty's fervice, on that account too frequently imbibed by fea men, from entering voluntarily into the fervice. The committee of delegates of the whole fleet, affembled, in, council, on board, His Majefty's fhip Sandwich, have iinanimoufly agreed, that they will not deliver, up their charge until, the appearance of fome ofthe Lords Com- miffioners of the Admiralty toratify the fame. Given on board His Majefty's fhip Sandwich, by the delegates of the fleet, 20th May 1797. ' ¦ To thefe demands, on the-22d of May, the Commif- fioners of the Admiralty replied, refufing the principal part of them,, and promifed forgivenefs to them, if they fhould. yet return to their duty. After Admiral Buckner had de livered this reply to the, delegates of the fleet,, they were allowed only ten minutes to confider and return an anfwer; , in place of doing which, they took' to their boats, went into the harbour, and brought our all the gun-boats there, to the Great Nore; after, they had paffed the garrifon of Sheernefs, the gurf. boats all fired at the fort,' not, as they faid, with an intention of doing any .damage, but to fhew their defiance oi the fort. The determination of the dele gates, in confluence of the above anfwer from the Adfni- ' ialty waf' ;' },*} n,0,hinS coi)ld be titled till three of the " Board of Admiralty came down to Sheernefs " ' -°v ,heA^3d? t,hyD"tineers « ^e Nore ftruck the flag or Vice-Admiral Buckner on board the Sandwich, an3 ho.fted the red flag, trie fymbol of mutiny in its, ftead. , Tney compelled all the fhips which lay near Sheernefs- to" drop NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 23 drop down to^ the, Great Nore in order to concentrate1 the A.D. fcene of their operations; amongft. whieh was the St. I797; Fiorenzoi .which had been fitted up to carry the Princefs of Wirtemberg to Germany.* On the 24th t,he feamen received another letter, repeat ing the offer of pardon, to which a peremptory refufal was fent, figned by Richard Parker, their prefident. At thertommencement of fhe mutiny the Delegates came every day to Sheernefs, where they held conferences,, and paraded the ftreets and garrifon. . Parker, who was confi- dered as the rebel admiral of the fleet, marched at the head of thefe proceftioHS, which were accompanied with mufic and flags, and had a triumphal appearance calculated to make new converts to their illicit proceedings. The dele gates and committee-men Went on fhore and returned on board as they pleafed., This indulgence was foon put an end to, by the arrival' of Lord Keith and Sir Charles Grey, who had been fent down to fuperintend 'the naval and mili tary proceedings in that quarter. , On the 27th fourteen of the -delegates went up the river Thames, to perfuada the crews of his Majefty's fhips lying , in Long Reach to drop down to the Nore ; they were(nred at by the fort below Tilbury ; and having landed at Gravef end, were taken into cuftody by the loyal inhabitants of that tovVn ; but on fome pretence foon after recovered their liberty ; when they prevailed on the crew ofthe Lancafter to join them in the mutiny. Matters had now rifen to fuch an alarming height, that a deputation of the lords of the Admiraltyt thought proper to go down to Sheernefs. . On the 291,11 their Lordfhips "held a board at Commfffioner Hartwell's houfe; the dele gates were fent for, and every conciliatory meafure tried to , induce the feamen ro return to their duty ; a declaration was read on board of all the mutinous fhips ; but this, and all the expoftulations of their Lordfhips, proved ineffectual ; 1 * This fhip, whofe crew we're not to be feduced from their duty by the mutineers, was ordered to anchor clofe under the fte,rn of the Sand wich. A few days after, touch to the honour of-her jraJlant com mander, Sir Harry Burrard Neale, the officer^, and loyal crew, fhe cffe&cd her efcape, and proceeded to Harwich. f'Earl Spencer, Lord Arden, William Young, Efq, William Marfden, Efq. Deputy Secretary. " ' ' C 4 and 24 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. and finding, that inftead of being; .inclined to fubmiffion, 1/97 the mutineers grew more infolent and difobedient, their ¦ Lordfhips returned to town, firft fignifying to the feamen 'thatthey were to expect, no conceffions whatever further than, what had already been made by the legiflature,' the benefit of which they might yet enjoy on returning to their ,, duty.- - ' ¦• The feamen now began to perceive their defperate fitua tion,, and proceeded to take meafures which indicated a de- fign either to fecure their prefent fituation, or to feek fafety by flight ; fome of the moft violent among them fuggefterf the idea of carrying the fhips -to the enemy ; but the majority re volted at fo treacherous a proceeding, though even adopted to fave their lives, alledgrng, that a redrefs of grievances was their primary, and fhould be their ultimate object. With a view of extorting compliance with their demands, they ordered the Standard, Brilliant, Infpedtor, and Swan, to get under weigh and moor acrofs the Thames, in order to prevent a free paffage up and down the river to the L00' don trade. The fhips of neutral nations, colliers, and a few fmall craft, were fuffered to pafs, having firft received a paffport, ' figned by Richard Parker, as prefident ofthe delegates. In order to concentrate their force, all the fhips which lay near Sheernefs dropped down to the Great Nore. Tha line of battle fhips were drawn up in aline, at about half a mile diftant from each other, and moored with their broad- fides a-breaft. In the fpace between the line of battle , fhips, the merchantmen and other veffels which -had been detained, were moored. As al! communication was flopped with the fhore, the mutineers fupplied themfelves with "water and provifions from thefe veffels; a party alfo landed on the Ifle of Grain, and carried off a number of ftleep and other provifions; giving in return bills drawn ,by the delegates on the Admiralty. ' ' . .1 The delegates ordered the fhips of war to be fuppliel with ftures out of the Grampus ftore-rhip, which had been? equipped with na^al and ordi?ance ftores for the fleet in the' Weft- Indies. Notwithstanding the enormity of their of fence agamft the laws of difcipline and the articles of war, the deportment of the feamen to their officers, with- fome exceptions,' was refpettful.* On * The furgeon of the Montague *» tarred and feathered, then rowed through,. NAVAL CHRON.OLOGY. 25 On the 26th of May AdmirarDnncanput to fea with his A.D. fquadron excepting the Moniagueand Naffau, whofe crews '797 refufed to get under weigh, under pretence of being in the courfe of payment. This fad example was followed on the 29th and 31ft by the reft of the fquadron, leaving with the admiral only the Venerable and Adamant. Symptoms of mutiny at one time began to appear on board the Venera ble; the plot was however fortunately difcovered before it came to maturity... Upon which the admiral ordered the hands to be turned up, and addreffed them as follows: — " My lads, I am not in the fmalleft degree apprehenfive of " any violent meafure you may have in contemplation ; "and though I affure you I would much rather acquire " your love than incur your fear, I will, with my own ".hand, put to death the firft man who fhall prefume to "ndifplay the flighteft fymptom of rebellious conduct." Turning round immediately to one ofthe mutineers, '' Do " you, Sir," faid he, " want to take the command of this " fhip out of my hands?" "Yes, Sir," replied the fel low, with the greateft affurance. The admiral immedi ately raifed his arm with an intent to plunge his fword into the mutineer's breaft ; the blow being prevented by the chaplain and fecretary, -who fei^ed the admiral's arm, he did not attempt to>make a fecond; but with fome agitation called to the (hips' company ; " Let thofe who will ftand " by me and my officers pafs over, immediately to the " flarboard fide of the fhip, that we may fee who are our " friends, and who are our opponents." In aninftarit the whole crew, excepting fix, who had been the promoters of this difturbance, ran over. Thefe -were immediately fe-. cured in irons; but fome time afterwards expreflirig them felves truly penitent for what they had done, the admiral was induced to liberate them. On the 4th of June, being his Majefty's birth-day, the whole, fleet, evinced its loyal difpo'fition by firing a royal fa- Iut£, and difplaying the colours ufual upon fuch occafions ; the red flag was. however kept flying at the main-top-rnaft head of the Sandwich . through the fleet, with fome other officers who were obnoxious to the mutineers, andafterwards fent,on more. Twomidfhipmenof the Ar dent were ducked, and 'four of the beft feamen on board the Brilliant feverely flogged, for fpeaking difrefpe&fully ofthe delegates. On 25 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. *797 On the 6th in the morning the mutineers were joined by, the Ardent, Agamemnon, Leopard, Iris,, and Ranger floop, having deferted the fleet" under Admiral Duncan in Yar mouth- Roads. , Their whole force confifted of the following fhips of war. ' * ' Ships. ,' , Sandwich M°ntague ' Agamemnon Ardent JnflexibleMonmouth ' Director Naffau ' i Repulfe , BelliqueuxStandard Lion Leopard lfisTerpfichore Iris Brilliant / Veftal Proferpirtq. Champion PlyadesInfpector Swan" ¦ ' ".» Comet (F. S.) Grampus (S. S.) . Serapis ,(S. S.) Guns. 90 '74 64 64 n 64 64 64 64 64 64 SO;50 32 32 28 28 ' 282016 16 l6 14 20 20 Commanders^ •> {Vice Admiral Buckner Capt. J, R. Moffe , -, J. Knight R. D. Faricourt ¦ — - R.R. Burges. Sol. Ferris. '., Earl Northefk , William Bligh Edw. O'Brien . James Alms J. Ingjis J Ellifon — C.Cobb W. Hargood , R.Watfon , 1 R. Bowen T. Surridge — — H.Blackwood., — C. White ' . Ad. Mackenzie C. Lock W. Stop — — C. Came H. Duncan. Upon1 the return ofthe Lords ofthe Admiralty to town, a cabinet council was immediately held, when it "was deter-5 mined to employ the moft vigorous meafures to reduce the rebels. A proclamation was iffued for the fuppreffiori of the mutinous and treafonable proceedings of the crews of •certain of his Majefty's fhips at the Nore ; at the fame time offering his Majefty s pardon to all fuch as fhould immedi ately retprn to.their duty, ' On-' NAVAL .CHRONOLOGY; 27 On the 6th of June two bills were brought in, paffed A.D. through both houfes of parliament, and received the roval ' 797 affent : one " for better prevention and punifhment of at- " tempts to feduce perfonsfervriig in his Majefty's forces "by fea or land, from their duty and allegiance, or to en- *« tice them to mutiny or difobedience." The .other, " for the more effectually reftraining inter- " 'courfe with the crews of certain' of his Majefty's fhips " now in a ftate of mutiny and rebellion, and for the more " effedtuarfuppreffion of fuch mutiny and rebellion." The moft active meafures were 'at the fame time taken to compel the rebellious crews to fubmit ; the fhores on both fides were lined "with batteries ; the forts at- Tilbury, Sheernefs, and Gravefend, wjre furnifhed with furnaces for red hot fhot. . The buoys at the Nore and along the coaft were removed. The Neptune, of 98 guns,' commanded by Sir Erafmus. Gower as commodore, manned with vo lunteers, raifed by fubfcription of the merchants, of London; wifh, the Lancafter, of 64, whofe crew had re- , turned to their duty, accompanied by the Agincourt, and feveral gun boats, were ordered to drop down the river, ' and proceed to attack the. rebels. The firmnefs of the mutineers began at length to be a -little fhaken,- and they were determined to try once more to effect a reconciliation with government through the medium ofthe Earl of Northefk. For this purpofe on the 6th of June, the two delegates pf the Monmouth were rowed on board that fhip, and informed his lordfhip- that it was the , pleafure of the committee that he fhould immediately ac company them on board the flag fhip, as they had propo- fals to make leading to an accommodation ; his lordfhip complied, attended by one officer': he found the convention .in the ftate cabin, confiding of fixty delegates, with Parker fitting at their head. Before they entered upon bufinefs, the prefident demand ed ofthe perfon who accompanied Lord Northefk, '* who " he was?" the anfwer was \* an officer of the Monmouth, " who accompanied the captain asfecretary." — " Who " knows him ? "Say, delegates of the Monmouth what *' kind of man is he ?" The two delegates ftated, he was a Worthy good1 man ; on which it was unanimoufly voted he might attend the conference. Parker then faid to Lord Northefk, " That the committee, with one voice, had *' come to a declaration ofthe terms on which alone, with- «' out 28 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY1,, A.D. " out theTmalleft alteration, they^would give up the fhips ; i,797 " and that they had fent for him as one who was known to. " be the feamen's friend, to be charged with them to the " king, from whom he muft pledge his honour to return1 " on board with a clear and pofitive anfwer within fifty- " four hours." Parker then read the letter, which is faid to contain feme compliments to his Majefty's virtues, and mafiy fevere ftrictures on the demerits of his minifters. His lordfhip in formed the delegates, that " he certainly would bear the, *' letter as deli red ; but he could not, from the unreafbn-, " ablenefs of the demands, flatter ' them with any expedta- *' tion of fuccefs." They perfifted that the whole muft be corpplied with, or they would immediately put the fleet to fea. Parker then delivered the following paper to Lord Northefk to ratify his credentials ; he was rowed on board the Duke of Yorjr. Margate packet with three cheers from the Sandwich. " Sandwich, June 6, I P.M. " To Captain Lord Northesk. " You are hereby authorized ^nd ordered to wait upon, " the King, wherever he may be, with the refolutions of " the committee of delegates: and are directed to return '* back, with an anfwer within fifty- four hours from the " date hereof.^ " R, Parker, Prefident/' Lord Northefk; proceeded to London with this difpatch; and after flopping a fbort time at the Admiralty, he attend ed Earl Spencer to the King. The demands of tjie feamen were rejefted as exorbitant and unreasonable. Captain Knight, whom they had permitted to go on fhore upon the ' promife fo return, carried down the refufal ofthe Lords'pf the Admiralty. All hopes of accommodation being now at an end, rnea-' fures were taken by Lord Keith and Sir Charles Grey to attack the fleet -from the works at Sheernefs, with gun boats, &c; but fortunately on, the 9th of June fymptoms of difunion appeared amongft the mutineers, which ren- ' dered the application of force unneceffkry. On that day the Repulfe and Leopard, made their efcape, the latter up "' . the Thames -K but the Repulfe, unfortunately ran a-ground, awj. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. - 2C> and in that helplefs fituation was purfued and fired upon in' A.D. a moft brutal manner by the Monmouth ; happily no lives '797 were loft ; Lieutenant Delanoe loft his leg, and a feaman was wounded.* At night the Ardent effected her efcape, and in paffing the Monmouth fired ateher, and killed or wounded feveral ofthe crew. Confufion and'difeord now pervaded the tain under hiin, with about thirty more of the delegates, into the hands of the foldiers ; thefe were landed amidft the biffes of the furrounding multitude, arid committed to the black hole in the garrifoh of Sheernefs. On the firft ap pearance ofthe fotdiers, one of the delegate's, Wallace, of the Standard, fhot himfelf dead, and was. afterwards- buried in -the highway-. - i On the 22d of June the trial of Richard' Parker com menced on board the Neptune, of. 98 guns, 'off Green- hithe. The Court was compofed of the following mem bers, viz. ¦ ,y. .', - * Prefident, Vice Admiral Sir Thomas Pafley, Bart., 7 Captains, Sir Erafmus Gower, Knt. Henry Edwin Stanhope, John Markham, John Williamfoti, , John Wells, ' Sir Thomas Williams, Knt. Edward Riou, ¦ - Richard King, ' Richard Lane I',, , William PierrepontJ < Edward Ramage. , . - .,,.,, The charge was read by Mr. BenfTeld, Judge Advocate '; it acctifed the prifoner of ' various acts "of mutiny committed on board his Majefty's fleet at the Nore ; of difobedience of orders; and of contempt of the authority of his officers. Captain Mofs,- of the Sandwich, attended as profecutor on the part of the crown. Vice Admiral Buckner was the , firft witnefs called ; arid depofed that he fa'W the prifoher Parker parade, about the town of Sheernefs aboftt'the 20th of May, with an ^ffemblage of people with a red flag dif- played ;, at that time he went on board the Sandwich to an nounce to the feamen of that fhip, and others, his Majefty's proclamation of pardon, providedthey returned immediately to their duty, on the fame terms as thofe granted to their, brethren at Spithead. On his going on board he faw no mark of refpect whatever fhewn him ; the officers were without their fide arms, and were deprived of all command. Finding ah his endeavours to bring the, crew to .their, duty fruitlefs, he returned on fhore.. On the' 23d, his flag on , board the Sandwich was ftruck without his orders. On the ; ' 1 ' evening" NAVAL CKBONOLOGY. 3l evening of that day, as he was examining the complaints A.D. alledged againft two marines, who had been brought in by' » 797 a party of the military, the prifoner, and a man named Davies, with three or four others, came abruptly into the Comrriiffioners' houfe at Sheernefs, and demanded " Why " thofe men (the marines) were in cuftody ?" informing the admiral at the fame time that " his flag was -ftruck: .". that he had no longer any authority; and that the power ?* was in their hands!" They then (Parker, being their fpokefman) took the men away, as they faid, " to, try "¦ them for being on -fhore :". .Parker adding, on the admi ral's remonftrating with him on the outrageous naturcof his cotidufry that " he was not to be intimidated." About the 4th of June the admiral received a letter from the prifoner -Parker, in which he (tiled himfelf " Prefident.of the Com- -'' mit:ee of Delegates ;" ftat ing, that " the adminiftration " had acted improperly in flopping the provifions tor the -" men; and that the foolifh proclamation was calculated to " inflame the minds of honeft men." Captain Surridge, .of the Iris ; and Captain Manley Dixon, of L'Efpion, the .latter of whom accompanied 'Admiral Buckner Qh board the Sandwich, confirmed the admiral's teftimony. Lieutenant Juftice, of the Sandwich, proved a general mutiny ; and that his orders, (he then being commanding officer) had been difobeyed ; that at the commencement of ;the mutiny he received an official paper, fent by Adrhiral .Buckner," refpecting the vote of the Houfe of Commons granting, the firm of 372,0001. to anfwer the expences in curred -by a compliance with the requisitions Of the feamen at -Portfmouth ; that he read it to the crew, who received the intelligence with three cheers, rt The next material, evidence: which affected the, prifoner was given by Captain Wood, ofthe Hound floop. When that fhip arrivedvat the Nore on the 2d of June, Parker came 6n board and told him, that " he (the prifoner) had •" the honour of reprefenting the whole fleet;" he advifed him " not to' be fo violent to fome of the delegates as he " had beep." He told Captain Wood, " that he did not ~ " like the fhip's company ; that he knew they were attach- ¦ " ed to him, ; for which reafon he fhould put the fhip in a " fafe birth, where fhe could not make her efcapert . ' Parker 31 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. -A.D. Parker gave orders accordingly to the pilot « toxarry the J297 " fhip as clofe to the Sandwich as poffible." In obeying thefe orders, the pilot having difpleafed^he prifoner in fome of the proceedings, he faid to ham in a threatening language, " You have committed one miftake,, •' take care you do not commit another ; if you do, I will ** make a beef freak of you at the yard arm." Before the prifoner left the Hound, he harangued the fhips' company, and afked if the/ had any complaints againft their officers'; that thofe they difliked fhould be turned on fhore. Some othfer evidences were. called, which proved in the cleareft , manner his having given directions to the Monmouth iand Director to fire upon-the Repulfe when fhe got under weigh to efcape. On the fourth day of his trial Parker was put upon his defence, which was as follows : - " As I have been at fea from my youth, as is well known to this Court, I hope it will not be expected that I fhould drefs up my defence in the language a lawyer would have done, if I could have employed one; Nothing fupporfs me but the confcioufnefs that what I did wag in compliance with orders, for the purpofe of -rendering it lefs difaftrons than it would otherwife have been, had I not entered into the mutiny. Every thing I did was folely for the purpofe of conciliation. I was on fhore when Admiral Buckner came on board ; and told the admiral afterwards I was forry he had not been received with the ufual marks of re- fpect, and the fhips fhould cheer him if he wifhed it. The admiral had ftated that a buftle was made to man the fide; this buftle was made at the rifk of my life. An opinion had been propagated on board the different fhips, that Ad miral Buckner was not competent to fettle the difcontents fubfifting in the fleet; and the Inflexible had declared, that if any refpedt was fhewn ' to the admiral, they would corne alongfide Of the Sandwich and fink her. Notwithftanding ' all that had been faid refpecting the Sandwich, it was not there the mutiny began ; it originated in the Inflexible; and there it was always the moft-violent. Admiral Buck- ner's flag was hauled down without my knowledge ; it was' ftruck when he was going on fhore with the propofitions of , the Committee. " Wtth regard to the marines who were taken from the admiral's houfe, ¦ the admiral permitted me to examine them, and, upon my putting feme queftions, the admiral obferveo, ; NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 33 obferved, " Now, Parker, you are coming to the point." AD- The marines were then delivered to the delegates, and it 1797 was defired "that they fhould be confined when they went on board. When he faw Admiral Buckner, after his flag was ftruck, the Admiral faid, "Parker, my flag, is ftruck; " confider my feelings." He anfwered, '¦ I have feel- *' ings, Admiral Buckner, and I do confider your's ; I am " forry to fee it, but it is not in my power to prevent it." Cjtptain Surridge of the Iris, fays, he recollects my be ing athore the laft time, and faw the delegates of the North Sea fleet give me the additional articles ; this evidence fays, he never faw any difrefpedt in me. I went to Captain Wood, in order to befriend him ; though he was fent out of the fhip, I never knew it till he depofed it, and he did not produce the men who told him that I ordered it. Parker then recapitulated1 much of the evidence without any comment. To account for his being on board the Diredtor, he faid, he went to order the .band to play the tune, God fave the King, Rule Britannia, and Britons Strike Home. When he was told the Diredtor was pre paring to fire, he went directly on board to prevent it; and having firft in vain addreffed the crew, he afked if fhe ' would flip her cable, to fee how far they would go, and- was glad to find them refufe ; but they being determined to fire, he was obliged to' yield to the (form, and pretend to join in an att his heart abominated. He then animadverted on a few points of Barry's evi dence, who had depofed to his having given orders and even fired fome of the Monmouth's guns at the Repulfe ; declaring he (Barry) muft have miftaken him for fome other perfon. Perceiving that the Monmouth was 'very active in firing on the Repulfe, he went on board to endea vour to appeafe the crew. It would have beeti an idle Quixotic adventure, to attempt at that time of the tide, to follow the Leopard. He fhould prove that the Director and Monmouth both fired on the Repulfe before he went on board. Before the Sandwich was delivered up to her officers, a fignal was made for the delegates to affemble on board the Montague, and their proceedings then were ex tremely violent, and he did not go. I have (faid he) only a few words fo add, not to remind Vol. III. D the 34 JNAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. the Court that where mercy can have place it ought to be" • r797 fhe'wh, being convinced from the candid manner in which they have acted, that juftice will be done ; but to requefl, that they would be pleafed to ferutinize the evidence of Barry with the utmoft rigour. I have faid this for the purpofe of clearing, my character, which is dearer to me than a thoufand lives ; and however my conduct has been reprefented in the public prints, I truft my innocence will appear. My country allows me juftice, and juftice I am fure I fhall have from this honourable Court. Having finiftied his defence, which he read from a pa per, he was allowed by the Court to withdraw a little. Lord Northefk, Captain of the Monmouth, and Cap- tain Knight of the Montague, were then called, to prove that at the time they were ort board the Sandwich, not / only Parker but all the delegates, man ifefted the greateft figns of loyalty. Several other witneffes were called, whom he examined with great ability; but was unable to. dis prove the charges brought againft him, particularly that of ordering the men on board the Director and Monmouth to hre into the Repulfe. The prifoner having no more witneffes to call, the Court was cleared ; and in about two hours afterwards it was again opened, and the following fentence was pronounced. " That the whole ofthe charges are fully proved ; that the ," crime is as unprecedented as wicked ; as ruinous to the " navy, as to the peace and profperity of the country : the ' *' Court doth therefore adjudge him to death ; and he is " ordered to fuffer death accordingly, at fuch time and " place as the Lords Gommifiioners 'of the Admiralty, or ' " any three of them fhall appoint." ^ The fentence being paffed; Parker1 with a degree of for titude and undifmayed compofure, which excited the afto- nifhrnent and admiration of every one prefent, addrefied the Court as follows : — " I have heard your fentence— I fhall fubmit to it with- " out a ftruggle-i-I feel thus, hecaufe I am fenfible ofthe " reaitudeof my intentions.— Whatever offences may have " been committed, I hope my life will be the only facri- " fice— I truft it will be thought a fufficient atonement. «' Pardon, I befeech you, the other men— I know they " will return with alacrity to their duty." On the 29th of June, Parker was executed on boa/d the Sandwich ; NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 35 Sandwich; he died- very penitent and with great cdmpo- A.D. fure ; he folemnly denied having the leaft connection or *797 Correfpondence with any difaffedted perfons on fhore, and declared, that it was chiefly owing to him, that the fhips . had not been carried into an enemy's port. When taken on the quarter-deck, the Chaplain in formed him, he had felected two pfalms appropriate to his fituation; to which Parker affenting, faid, "And with *' your permiffion, Sir, I will add a third," and named the 51ft — " Have mercy upon me, O God, after thy great. " goodnefs ; according to the multitude of thy mercies, do " away my offences," &c. Prayers being ended, he rofe up and afked Captain Mofs, «' If he might be indulged *' with a glafs of white wine?" which being granted, he took it, and lifting up his eyes, exclaimed — " I drink firft " to the falvation of my foul I — and next to the forgivenefs ,'" of all my enemies!"— Addreffing himfelf to Captain Mofs, he fa"id, " he hoped he would fhake hands with him;" which Captain Mofs did ; "he then defired that " he might be remembered to his companions on board " the Neptune ; with his> laft dying entreaty to them, to " prepare for their deftiny, and refrain from unbecoming " levity !" Being then led to the fcaffold on the forecaftle, he afked Captain Mofs, " whether he might be allowed *' tofpeak?" and immediately apprehending his intention might be mifconceived, he added, *' I am not goirig, Sir, " to addrefs the fhip's company — I wifh only to declare, " that, I acknowledge the juftice of the fentence under " which I fuffer, and I hope my death may be deemed a " fufficient atonement, and fave the lives of others." — He requefted " a minute to recollect himfelf," — and knelt down alone about that fpace of time; then fifing up faid, " I am ready," — and firmly walked up to the extremity of the fcaffold— dropped his handkerchief, and the gun being inftantly fired, he was run up to the yard-arm. The court-martial continued fitting and trying the other mutineers, more than a month ; during which time a-great number received fentence of death ; feveral were ordered to be flogged from fhip to fhip ; and others confined in the Marfhalfea for a certain time. Many of the, ringleaders were executed ; a confiderable number remained under fentence, confined on board the prifon fhip in the River Thames; but on the fignal victory .obtained by Admiral D 2 Duncan 36 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Duncan over the Dutch fleet, his Maj efty fent a general '797 pardon to thefe unhappy men. On the 7th of June, a numerous and refpedtabje meet-' ing. Of the merchants, fhip-owners, infurers, and others concerned in commerce and navigation, was held at the5 Royal Exchange, and came to the following refolutions. " That the diforderly and mutinous proceedings of part of the fleet at the Nore, derogatory to the long eftablifhed difcipline, and glory of the Britifh navy; fubverfive ofthe deareft interells of thefe- kingdoms, and directly tending to encourage,* and to aid the.hoftile defigns of our foreign enemies, are beheld by this meeting, with, extreme con cern, indignation, and abhorrence. " That in this great commercial nation, an union of merchants, fhip-owners, and others interefted in naviga tion, muft have a powerful influence in counteracting a mutinous difpofition at any time prevalent amon» a part of our feamen, and that it is the determination of the under- figrted to adopt, and to encourage whatever meafures may tend at this important crifis, to the reftoration ofgood or der and difcipline in every part of the Britifh navy." " That no feaman 'fhall be henceforward employed in the fervice of the underfigned, who cannot produce a certi ficate from his former commander of commanders in the navy, of his orderly and obedient conduct, or (in cafe of his having had any fhare in the prefent difturbances in the fleet) of his having returned to his duty; and of his fub- miffion being accepted, as required by the Act of Parlia ment now paffed." " That a requeft'be made to the Lords Commiflioners of the Admiralty, that the Captains in the royal navy be fur- nifhed with proper forms of certificates to facilitate the iffuing thereof, and to prevent impofition. ' « That it be recommended to all merchants and fhip- owners to direct and require, that their feveral matters, and other officers, be aiding and affifting, wherever re quired, in his Majefty's fervice ; and that they excite and encourage all feamen to follow their example." , " That it be expedient to raife a fund", by voluntary fubfcription, to be difpofed of at the difcretion of a commit tee to be chofen from this meeting, for the purpofe of de tecting and bringing, to public1 juftice fuch lurking traitors as may have excited and fomented the prefent mutiny at the Norej NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 37 Nore ; and of affording additional encouragement to fuch A.D. well-difpofed perfons as may, by early and vigorous exer- *797 tions, contribute to its fuppreffion." " That the thanks of this meeting be tranfmitted to the captains, officers, and crews of the St. Fiorenzo and Clyde, for their fpirited conduct in carrying their fhips through the mutinous fleet. — Alfo to the captains, officers, and crews ofthe Serapisand Difcovery, who have, highly to their honor, and at great peril, detached themfelves from the fleet at the Nore,, and carried their fhips into the Medway." " That the thanks of this meeting be publicly made known to. all the officers and feamen who are ftaunch in their adherence to the caufe of their king and country, and , have difplayed a marked contempt of the traiterous and wicked practices made ufe of tofwerve them from their duty and allegiance." 4 A committee of the moft resectable merchants, &c. was accordingly chofen, and a moft liberal fubfcription entered into ; in a fhort time it amounted to upwards of 5000I. The Bank of England and Eaft India Cornpany, fubfcribed 500I. each. One hundred guineas reward was offered for apprehending any perfon or perfons who had excited and fomented , the mutiny at the Nore ; and as an encourage ment to thofe who fhould enter voluntarily on board the fhips of war and gun-boats, which were fitting out in the river for the fuppreffion of the mutiny — to every petty officer two guineas, and every feaman one guinea. ' AbouC the middle of June, a fquadron was fent from Spithead, under the command of Sir Roger Curtis, to join Admiral Duncan in the North Seas.* .On the 15th of June, LaPompeeof 80 guns, Captain Vafhon, one of Lord Bridport's fleet, returned to Spit head, in cpnfequence of- a moft dangerous confpiracy, which was happily difcovered before ready for execution. On the 20th, a court-martial aflembled on board the Royal William at Spithead, to try fix of the principal mutineers of the Pompee — confifting-of the following members, vizv * Appendix, Chap. II. No. ftp. D 3 Prefident, 38 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Prefident, 1797 % The Hon. Thomas Pakenham. Peter Aplin. Robert Montagu. Jonathan Faulkner. Francis. Pickmore. Thomas Peytort. J. Sidney Yorke, Hon. A. R. Legge. Scory Barker. R. Gambier Middleton. Ph. Wilkirifon. Piercy Frafer. Hon. Charles Herbert. The trial lafted till the 23d, when the charges having been proved in the cleareft manner againft four of them, they werfe fentenced to fuffer death ; one to be imprifpned twelve months, and the other acquitted^ On the 28th, two of the mutineers were executed on board the Pompee,1 and the two others received his Majefty's pardon. The fevere punifhments (even death) which were daily inflicted on feveral of the mutineers, did not altogether de ter the crews of many ofthe fhips of war*, from manifeff- ing at times, a confiderable degree of difobedience and mu tiny. Courts-martial were fitting almoft the whole fum mer to try thefe deluded and difaffedted men, many of whom were condemned and fuffered deathj while others were fe- verely flogged. On the 27th of July, the fquadron under Sir John Bor- lafe Warrent, being on a cruize off Ufhant, at day-light . in the morning difcovered 14 fail of veffels, efcorted by a * Ships whofe men were the moft riotous. Royal Sovereign — 2 men condemned to death. Saturn — 11 men condemned to death. Mars— i man condemned to death— 1 confined in folitary cells. Marlborough. Bedford— 1 man condemned to death. Ardent — 1 man condemned to death— 1 flogged. Grampus-3 men condemned to death-z confined in folitary cells. Ueaulieu— 8 men condemned to death — , flogged ' Phcenix- i man condemned to death— 1 floglld-U confined in foli tary cells,. , Calypfo— 6 men condemned to death. ' f Squadron under Sir John B. Warren. Pomone - ' 44 Sir John B. Warren, K. B. Artois - 4o Sir Edmund Nagle, Knt. Anion - 44 Ph. C. Durham.' S?1** \ '6 J.C.White. Dolly (cutter) 10 1 . frigate, NAVAL CHRONOLOUY. . 30 frigate, corvette, arid an armed brig, flanding into Ho- A.D. dierne Bay. Upon feeing the Britifh fquadron, the enemy '797 pufhed in for the land ; the corvette and armed brig efcaped round the Penmarks ; but the frigate not being able to get out of the bay, cut away her marts, and ran alhore. Cap tain Whits, in the Sylph, with great gallantry ftooortn and anchored with a fpring on his cable within piftol fhot of the frigate,, and hy a well directed and inceffant fire, pre vented her crew from ufing any means to fave the fhip or ftores. The next day the frigate, which proved to be La Caliope, of 36guris and 259 men, was entirely deftroyed. Eight of the convoy were taken, and two burnt. Thefe veffels were' chiefly laden with naval ftores, provifions, and clothing. The Sylph had fix men wounded in her attack on the French frigate. *> On the 31ft of July the Artois, of 40 guns, commanded by Sir Edmund Nagle, when reconnoitering the harbour of Rochelle, run upon a fand bank and was totally loft ; the crew was faved by the Sylph. On the nth of Auguft the fquadron* under Sir John Warren attacked feveral fmall armed veffels, which had taken fhelter with their convoy under the guns of the fort at the entrance of the river Sable D'Olonne, one or two of which he funk, and did confiderable damage to' the fort. On the 27th the fquadron chaced and captured five fail of an enemy's convoy off the Garonne, and drove on fhore Le Petit Diable cutter, which was' their convoy ; fhe mounted > 18 guns, and was manned with 100 men, fome of whom perifhed in their attempts to get on fhore* On the 20th Captain Thomas Wolley, in the Arethufa, of 38 guns, on his paffage from the Weft-Indies, fell in with, and after an action of half an hour, captured La Gaiete French corvette of 20 guns, and 186 men, com manded by M. Guiene Enfeigne de Vaiffeau. A French , armed brig, L'Efpoir of 14 guns, was in company with La Gaiete, but kept to windward during the action ; ,when feeing the fate of her companion, fhe made off. The Ships. Gum. Commanders. lilted and wounded on the Wth * Pomone - 44 Sir J. B.- Warren, 1 * 3 Jafon - 38 "Charles Stirling. Triton - 31 John Gore. Sylph - i(, J. C. White. - z , - 4 D 4 enemy 40 NAVAL CJHRONOLOGY. A.D. enemy had two men killed, and eight wounded. The j 797 Arethufa one feaman killed, and three wounded. On the 31ft, the Penguin brig of 16 guns, Captain Pul ling, being on a cruize bffthe cpaft of Ireland, fell in with, and after a fhort action, and a great deal of judicious ma noeuvring on his part, captured L'Qifeau French privateer of 18 guns, and 119 men; and recaptured her prize, the Exprefs, of Dartmouth, formerly a French privateer of 12 guns. The enemy had one man killed and five wounded'.. On the of September a court-martial affembled on board the Cambridge in Hamoaze, to enquire into the caufe and circumftances ofthe lofs of his Majefty's fhip Amazon; and to try Captain Robert Carthew Reynolds^ \ the officers and company ofthe faid fhip, for their conduct upon that occafion. " When it appeared, that his Majefty's fhip Amazon was loft after a well difputed action with a French fhip of 74 guns, Les Droites des Hommes, in Audierne bay ; the Amazon having fuffered materially in her mails 'and rig ging, and being far iri fhore at the clofe of the engagement. Apd the Court is of opinion, that too much praife cannot be awarded to the captain, officers and crew, ofthe Ama zon ; by which, in conjunction with the Indefatigable, a fhip of the enemy's line was deftroyed : and the Court do confider the lofs of the Amazon to be the refult of a noble purftiit of an enemy on her own coaft ; and, with refpedt to it, do confeqtiently acquit Captain Reynolds, his officers and crew, with every fentiment of its higheft approbation. And Captain Reynolds, his officers and crew, are hereby moft honourably and fully acquitted accordingly." Admiral Duncan had blocked up the Texel during the whole fummer, where the Dutch had. a con fiderable fleet ready for fea, under the command of Admiral de Winter. Early in October the Britifh fleet being in want of fome neceffary repairs, put into Yarmouth Roads; in the mean time Admiral Duncan left a fmall fquadron df obfervation off the Texel, under the command of Captain Trqllope.* * Squadron under Captain Trol lope.. Stops. Guns. Commanders. Ruflel - 74 Captain Henry Trollope- ¦ 4hs ,. * 5°' WiUiam Mitchel Beauheu - 40 Francis Fayerman Circe , . 2 g , P.Halket Mart'n - is Hon. C.Paget. The NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. ' 41 The Dutch availed themfelves of this favourable opportn- A.D- nity to put to fea ; which was intimated to Admiral Duncan « 797 on the morning of the 9th of October, by a fignal from a veffel at the. back of Yarmouth Sands. The whole of the Britifh fleet immediately got under weigh with the greateft alacrity, and were out of fight in the afternoon. At nine in the morning of the 1 ith the admiral got fight of Captain Trollope's fquadron! with fignals flying for an enemy to leeward. Admiral Duncan immediately bore up, and , made the fignal for a general chace, and in lefs than an hour came within fight of the enemy, forming in a line on the larboard tack to receive him.* As Admiral Duncan approached near, he made the fig nal for the fleet to fhorten fail and form in clofe order. ' Soon after he faw the land between Camperdown and Eg mont, about nine miles to leeward of the enemy-; and finding there was no time to be loft in making the attack, at half paft eleven he made the fignal to bear up, break the enemy's line, and engage them to leeward, each fhip her opponent ; and by thefe means he got between them and the land, whither they were faft approaching. Admiral Duncan's fignals were obeyed with great promptitude. Vice Admiral Onflow, in the Monarch, bore down in a moft gallant manner on the enemy's rear, and was follow ed by his whole divifion. About half paft twelve he broke through the enemy's line, paffed under the Dutch vice- admiral's ftern, and engaged him to leeward. Admiral Duncan intending to engage the Dutch commander in chief,. was prevented by the States General of 76 guns, bearing a blue flag at the mizen, fhooting clofe up with him ; the admiral therefore run under his ftern, engaged him clofe, and foon forced him to quit the line. The Venerable then fellalongfide ofthe Dutch admiral, who was for fome time well fupported, and kept up a very heavy fire: At one o'clock the action was pretty general, except by two or three van fhips of the enemy's line, which got off without the fmalleft apparent injury, and entered the Texel the follow ing day. The action continued with unabating fury for near two hours and a half, when all the malts of the Dutch admiral's fhip went by the board ; fhe was, however, de fended for fome time after in a moft gallant manner; at * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 343, Britifh "and Dutch Fleets. length 42 NAVAL CHJRONOLOGY. A.D. length finding all further refiftance vain, ftruck her colours s797 to the' Venerable. Admiral de Winter himfelf being, it is faid, the only man left on the quarter deck who was not ei ther killed or wounded. About the fame time the Dutch vice admiral appeared difmafted, and furrendered to Vice Admiral" Onflow. ' Several others of the Dutch had likewife ftruck; but the admiral finding himfelf in only nine fathoms water, and but five miles from the land, had his attention fo much occu pied in getting the heads ofthe crippled fhips off fhore, that lie was notable to diftinguilh the number which' were cap tured; and the wind blowing conftantly on tbe land, the Britifh (hips were unavoidably difperfed. Some of the vef- fels which had ftruck, took advantage of the night to efcape; and two or three of them were feen going into the Texef the following morning. ,' > . < The fhips, however, which were fecured, were feven fail of the line, two of 56 guns, and two large frigates; the Delft, of 5,6 guns, foundered ; "one of the frigates was alfo loft, the other was driven on the coaft of Holland, and retaken, A more bloody conflict than this is not recorded in the , naval hiftory of Britain fince .the famous Dutch wars. The lofs fuftained in killed and wounded-on bqard nine fhips only of Admiral Duncan's fleet, was upwards pf 700. The only officer of note killed was CaPtain Burgefs, ol the Ardent, who led his fhip into action in the moft gallant ' manner, ancffell moft nobfy fupporting his brave admiral, one of whofe feconds he was.* The carnage onboard of the Dutch 'fhips muft have been dreadful, if we are to judge from the deftruction made on board the two which bore the' admirals flags, each having not lefs than 250 killed and wounded. The Dutch vice-admiral Reintjies was feverely wound- *d, of which he died foon after his arrival in England, The wind continuing to blow ftrong, and- in general on the enemy's coaft, it was with fome difficulty that Admifitl Duncan could keep off the land, and get over to the Britifh coaft ; many of his own fhips, particularly the Venerable hhSSh**?"!? fii' 3S a" °?Cer' Was hiEh'y e / . Capt. Whitfhed. * Sir Charles Knowles. Capt. Sutton. Capt. Dacres. Capt. Irwin. , Capt. Towry. ' Captain Douglas, bearing the flags taken from the Dutch, off the Cape of Good Hope, "on the 1 6th of Auguft, I796V. ;,'.-' ' Admiral Lord Duncan, bearing the flags taken from the " Dutch, off Camperdown, on the. coaft of Holland, : • the nth of October, 1797. :-] Capt. Sir H. Trollope. Vice A'd- Onflow. Capt: W. O'B. Drury. Sir G. W. Fairfax. Capt. J. Wefts: Capt.W. Effington. , Capt. Mitchell. . Capt. E. O'Brien, Capt. W. Bligh. Capt. Ge°- Gregory. Capt. Walker. Capt. W. Hotham. On. the 21ft, Captain Robert Barlow, in the Phcebe pf 36 guns, being, on a cruize to the weftward, difcovered one ' of the enemy's frigates, to which he immediately gave chace; but the difference ' in point of failing between the two fhips being ihconfiderable, the chace damaged the mail, , fails, and rigging of the Phoebe very much with her ftern chace guns ; and at the moment when Captain Barlow was nearly in a fituation to commence, the, attack,; the enemy put iii flays ; at this time tfie Phoebe being under a crowd of fail and the night extremely dark, prevented Captain. Barlow from difcOvering the enemy's difpofition for- tack- \ ipg, a few, minutes neceffarily elapfed before he-could tack to follow her, and' in paffing, the frigates exchanged broad- ¦ fides. At ten o'clock at night, he got fairly alongftde of ' the enetny, when after a finart aaion, which lafted three quarters of an hour, fhe ftruck, and proved to be: La, Nereide;,; NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 51 Nereide, commanded by Captain Canon, of 36 guns and A.D. 330 men, 20 of whom were killed, and' 5 5 Wounded. The *797 Phcebe had 3 men, killed, and 10 wounded. . , The.Nerefde was added to the navy. On the 29th, the Phaeton and Ahfon, commanded by Captains Stopford and Durham, being on a cruize in the Bay, fell in with and captured, after exchanging a few fhot, La Daphne French frigate of 30 guns and 276 men, formerly in his M.ajefty's fervice ; fhe had on board feveral paffengers, and two civil commiffioners charged with dif- patches from the French government to the ifland of Gua- daloupe. MEDITERRANEAN AND COAST OF PORTUGAL. The fleet under the command of Admiral Sir John Jervis^ was reduced to a fquadron of only ten fail of the line, exclufive of frigates,. &c. ;* with thefe the Admiral cruized off the coaft of Spain, in hopes of falling in with the Spanifh fleet, which was daily expeaed from the Medi terranean. On the 6th of February, . the Admiral was , joined by Rear- Admiral William Parker, from England, with five fail of the line. Although this was fome accef- fion of ftrength, it was by no means equal in number ito the fleet he had to encounter. vSir John Jervis relied on the fuperior difcipline, and gallantry of the officers and, men in the fleet he commanded, to counterbalance the difparity in point of force. On the nth at night, Commodore Nel- fon, in La Minerve frigate, fell in with and waschaced by the Spanifh fleet off the mouth ofthe Straits ;t he fortu nately effeaed his efcape, and joined Sir John Jervis on the , 1 3th ; on which day he fhifted his broad pendant to the Captain of ,74 guns. Captain Foote of the 'Niger, alfo kept company with the Spanifh fleet, for feveral days pre- - vious to the ,13th. On that night they approached fo near to the Britifh fleet, that their fignal guns were diftinaiy heard. The Admiral, therefore, made, the fignal for the fleet to prepare for battle; and at day-break on the 14th, they were formed' in the moft compact order of failing, in * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 345'. Fleet under Sir J. Jervis. , t Commodore Nelfon was on his return from Porto Ferrajo, having on board SirGilbertPlliot, late Viceroyof Corfica, Lieutenant-Colo nel Drinkwater, and others of his fuite.. ' ' ¦ - E 2 two 52 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. two lines. The morning was dark and hazy; at half paft 1 797 fix the Culloden made the fignal for five fail in the South- Weft.quarter; at eight o'clock the fquadron was ordered to form in clofe order,' and in a few minutes after, the fignal/ Was repeated to prepare for, battle. At forty minutes paft ten, La Bonne Citoyenne made the fignal that the fhips feen were of the line, twenty-five in number, and in about half an hour after, theenemy's 'fleet' was vifible to all the fquadron. The. fliips firft difcovered by the Culloden, were at this period feparated from their main body, which was bearing- down in fome confufion to join the feparated fhips. It ap peared to have been Sir John Jervis's intention at the firft, to cut off thefe five fhips from the enemy's fleet, before. the main body couki arrive to their affiftance ; with this view, the fall failing fhips were ordered to chace, but obferving the near pofition ofthe main body, the Admiral afterwards formed the fleet into a. line of battle a-head as moft con venient.* At about 20 minutes paft eleven, the Admiral commu nicated his intention to pafs through the enemy's line, and ' immediately after, the fignal was made to engage ; in aboUt, ten minutes the Culloden, commanded by Captain, Trow bridge, began to fire at the enemy's headmoft fhips to windward,; a"s the fquadron advanced, the aaion became more general ; and it was foon apparent, that the Admiral ¦ had accompli fhed his defign of paffing through the enemy's line. The regular and animated fire of the Britifh fqua dron was but feebly returned by the enemy's fhips to wind ward, which were alfo completely prevented from joining their companions to leeward, and obliged to haul their wind on the larboard tack. ' Thus, a part of the Spanifh fleet was effectually cut off from the main body, and they were reduced to the neceffity of alfo forming on the lar board tack, feemirigly with the intention of paffing through, or to the leeWard of the Britifh line; but they met with fuch a warm reception from the centre of the Britifh, that they were obliged to tack and did not appear again.in the aaion' till the clofe ofthe day. Admiral Jervis having thus fortunately obtained his firft objea, now direaed his whole :* Appendix, Chap. II. No. 346. Britifh and Spanifh lines of. battle. r- attintion NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 53 attention to the main body of the enemy's fleet to wind,- A.D. ward, which was' reduced at this time, by the feparation of ' 797 the fhips to leeward,, to eighteen fail of the line. A little after 12 o'clock, the fignal was made for the Britifh fleet to tack in fucceffion, and foon after the fignal for again paf fing the-enemy's line ; while the Spanifh Admiral's defign appeared to be, to join the fhips to leeward, by wearing round the rear of the Britifh line. The intentionof the enemy, was, however, foon per ceived by Commodore Nelfon, whofe, ftation in the rear , afforded him an opportunity of obfervmg this manoeuvre. In order to fruftrate the defign, he had no fooner paffed the Spanifh rear, than he wore and flood on the other, tack towards the enemy. In executing this bold and decifive manoeuvre, the Commodore found himfelf alongfide of the Spanifh Admiral, in the Santiffima Trinidad, of 136 guns. Notwithftanding this immenfe difparity, "the gallant officer did not fh'rink from the conteft,, though the Spa niard was ably fupported by her two feconds, a-head and , a-ftern, each of which Was a three-decker. While he fuf- tained, however, this unequal conflia, his friends were eagerly preffing to his affiftance; the enemy's attention. was, therefore, foon direa.ed to the Culloden, Captain Trowbridge, and the Blenheim, Captain Frederick ; the able, fupport afforded to Commodore Nelfon by thefe vef- . fels, and the faft approach of "Rear- Admiral Parker, with the Prince George, Orion, Irrefiftible, and Diadem, de termined the Spanifh Admiral to relinquifh his defign of rejoining his fhips to leeward, and to make the .fignal. foe his main body to haul their wind and make fail on the lar board tack. The advantage was now evidently, on the fide of the Bri tifh ; and while the advanced divifion warmly preffed the center and rear of the enemy, the Admiral meditated with his divifion a co-operation, which muft effeaually compel fome of them to furrender. In the confufion of their retreat,, feveral of the Spanifh fhip's had doubled on each other. It was, therefore, Admiral Jervis's plan to reach the weathermoft of thofe fhips, then to bear up and rake them all in fucceffion, with the feven fhips compofing his divifion. The cafual pofition.of the rear fhips in his own divifion, however, prevented his executing this defign. He therefore ordered the Excellent, Captain Collingwood, to E 3 bear 54 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A. D. bear up, while he paffed to leeward of the rear-moft fhips of- 1797 the enemy. Captain Collingwood, in obedience to the Admiral's orders, paffed the two rear-moft fhips of the ene my, and gave one of them, the St. Ifidore, fo effeauafa broadfide, that having been much injured before, fhe-was obliged to fubmit. , . ' The Excellent then paffed on to the relief of Commo- ( dore I*J elfon in the Captain, who was clofely engaged with a Spanifh three-decker, bearing the flag of an Admiral;, but before Captain Collirtgwood could arrive, the Spa niard's mizen-maft fell overboard, and fhe got, entangled .with, her fecond, the St. Nicholas, a fhip of 84 guns. In , this ftate, the Commodore refolved on a bold and deci five meafure; and determined, ^whatever might be the event,, to attempt his opponent fword in hand; the boarders were direaed to be ready, and orders given to lay his fhip on board the enemy. " Fortune favours the brave 1 nor on this occafion was fhe unmindful of her favourite. Ralph Willet ]\^iller, the ,'Cpmmodore's Captain, fo judicioufly directed the courfe of his fhip, that he laid her aboard the ftarbbard quarter of the . . Spanifh 84; her fpritfail yard paffing over the enemy's poop, and hooking in her mizen fhrowds : when the word to board being given, the officer's and feamen, deftined for this perilous duty, headed by Lieutenant Berry,* together , with the detachment of the 69th regiment, commanded by Lieutenant Pearfon,+ then doing duty as marines on board . the Captain, paffed with rapidity on board the enemy's, fhip; and in a fhort time the St. Nicholas was in poflef- fion of her intrepid affailants. The Commodore's ardour would not permit him to remain an inaaive fpeaatqr of , this fcene. He was aware the attempt was hazardous, and he thought his prefence might animate his brave compa nions, and contribute to the fuccefs of this bold enterprize ; he, therefore, as if by magic impulfe, accompanied the party in this attack; paffing from the fore chains of his own fhip, into the enemy's quarter gallery, and thence, through the cabin to the quarter-deck ; where he arrived * Now Sir Edward Berry ; Lord Nelfon's Captain in the Van- ' guard, in the battle of the-Nilei ' , • f This gallant, officer died in the year 1800, on his return from the .Bay of Honduras. • -,, , ;, > - in'" NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 5,5 in time to receive the' fword* of the dying commander, who A.D.- had been mortally wounded by the boarders." 1 797 "' He had not been long employed in taking the necef fary meafures to fecure his hard-earned conqueft, when he found himfelf engaged in a more arduous talk. The ftern of the three-decker, his former opponent, was placed di- reaiy a midfhips of the weather-beam of the prize San Ni cholas; and from her, poop and galleries, the enemy forely annoyed with mufketrythe Britifh, who had boarded the (San Nicholas. . The Commodore was hot. long refolving on the condua to be adopted upon this momentous occa fion : the two alternatives that prefented themfelves to his unfhaken mind, were to quit the prize, or inftantly board the three-decker. Confident in the bravery of his feamen, he determined on the latter. Direaing, therefore, an ad ditional number of men to be fent from the Captain on board. the San Nicholas, the undaunted Commodore, whom no danger ever appalled, headed himfelf the affailants in this new attack, exclaiming, Weftminfter Abbey ! or glorious viaory !" " Succefs in a few minutes, with little lofs, crowned- the enterprize. Such, indeed, was the panic occafioned by his preceding condua, that the Britifh no fooner ap- , peared on the quarter-deck of their new opponent,^ than, the commandant advanced, and afking for the Britifh com manding officer, dropped on one ksee, and prefented his fword ; apologizing at the fame time, for the Spanifh Ad miral's not appearing, as he was dahgeroufly wounded. For a moment,, Commodore Nelfon could fcarcely perfuade himfelf of this fecond inftance of good fortune : he, there fore, ordered the Spanifh commandant,. Who had the rank of Brigadier, to affemble the officers on the quarter-deck, and direa'means, to be taken inftantly for communicating to the crew, the furrender of the fhip. AH the officers im-, mediately appeared ; and the Commodore had the furrender ofthe San' Jofef duly confirmed, by each of them delivering his fword. l't * This fword the Commpdore afterwards prefented to the city of Norwich. f Nav. Chro. Bio, Mem, of Lord Nelfon, Vol, 3d. E 4 Immediately 56 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A. p. Immediately upon Commodore Nelfon's return on board 2?97 the Captain, he made the fignal for boats to affift indifen- tangling her from the prizes ; and as fhe was rendered in capable of further fervice until refitted, he hoifted his pen-, dant for the moment on board La Minerve frigate ; and in the evening fhifted it to. the Irrefiftible, "where it remained until the Captain was ready to receive it again. - In the mean time Admiral Jervis, ordered the Viaory, to be placed on the lee quarter ofthe rearmoft fhip of the ene my the Salvador del Mundo; and threw in fo effeaual a . difcharge, that the Spanifh commander feeing the Barfleur bearing down to fecond the Viaory, thought proper to - ftrike. The van ofthe Britifh fhips continued to prefs hard oh . the Santiffima Trinidad,*" and the others which compofed , the rear of the flying fleet. The career of viaory was however flopped by circumftances not in the power ofthe Englifh admiral to controul. Tbe fhips, which iri the morning' had been feparated from the main body of the Spanifh fleet, and therefore unengaged in the conteft, hav ing at, length formed a junaion with their van, bore down - and fhewed a difpofition/'to renew the aaion. Thefe cir cumftances, _' therefore, with the latenefs of the hour, and the neceffity of fecuring the. prizes, determined Sir John Jervis tb bring to. A little after four in the afternoon the- fignal was made to this effea, and a ftrongjine was formed •. for the proteaion of the prizes and difabled fhips. As the enemy's fhips approached, they opened a fire on the cover ing fhips;. but though fuperior in number,, and frefh for action, they contented themfelves with a "few irregular ' b'roadfides, and left the conquerors to fail off triumphantly with their prizes. The lofs fuftained by the Britifh on this glorious and ever , memorable engagement, amounted in killed and wounded, to 300 men ; that ofthe Spaniards in the fhips which were captured to 693 ; thofe which efcaped muft have alfo fuffered confiderably. . The day after ffie aaion, whilft the Britifh fhips were , * It was affirmed that this (hip had {truck ; fhe was however fe dreadfully mattered, that it was with the utmoft difficulty the Spani ards towed her into Cadiz. ' clofe.' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 57 clofe Under Cape St. Vincent much difperfed, refitting and A.D. getting the prizes in a condition to carry fail, twenty-two '797 fail of the Spanifh fleet hove in fight and bore down in a regulartine of battle, as if determined to engage the Britifh, and endeavour to refcue their unfortunate companions ; they however thought it moft fafe to haul off, and a few days afterwards retired into Cadiz. On the 1 6th of January Sir John Jervis was forced to put into Lagos Bayi tor fecure the prizes, and repair the damages the fquad'on had fuftairfed. A few days after it - experienced the tail of a gale of wind ; which, if it had blown home, might have proved fatal to many of thofe brave men ; as from the badnefs of the ground, feveral of the fhips, if not the whole fquadron, -wquld have been forced ¦ afhore. On the 23d the fquadron failed from Lagos Bay, and arrived on the 28th with the prizes at Lifbon. Captain Robert Calder, firft captain to the admiral, was fent home with the news -of this important viaory ; and for which he was created a baronet. The thanks of both houfes of parliament were voted to the admirals, captains, officers and crews of the fqua dron. His Majefty" was gracioufly pleafed-to create Sir John Jervis a peer of Great Britain, by the titles of Baron Jervis of Meaford, and Earl of St. Vincent. A penfion of 3000!. a year was alfo bellowed on him by the unanimous vote of parliament. Vice Admirals Thompfon, and Rear Admiral William Parker were created baronets. • Vice Adrniral the Hon. William Waldgrave returned ta England, and was appointed governor and commander in chief at Newfoundland. And Comrqodore Horatio Nelfon received the infigniaof the Bath ; and the freedom of the^City of London prefented to him on his return to England, in a gold box valued 100 guineas. The admirals and captains were alfo prefented with gold medals emblematic of the viaory, to be worn with their uniform.* * It was faid that Don Cofdova was difmiffed the fervice ; and fede ral other principal officers jn the Spanifh fleet publicly difgraced. In 58 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY* A. D. In the month of April Sir Horatio Nelfon hoifted his flag: i?97 as rear admiral of the blue, and was detached by Earl St. Vincent to bring away thegarrifon at Porto Ferrajo. On the 13th of April Lieutenant Pengelly, in the Viper cutter of 14 guns arid 60 men, on his return from Algiers^ to Gibraltar, fell in with, and after a finart aaion captured the Piteous Virgin Mary Spanifh privateer of 10 guns, 8 fwlvels, and 42 - men, one of whom was killed,- and fevetl wounded. The Viper had hone killed' or wounded. „ On the 26th Captain George Martin, » in the Irrefiflible, - in company with the Emerald frigate, attacked two Spanifh frigates which had anchored in Canil Bay, near Trafalgar^ and obliged them to furrender; they proved' to he the, '' Elonar and Nimfa, of 26. guns, and 320 men each. " The former, after fhe had ftruck, cut her cable, and ran afhore'j ¦ Captain Martin, hqweVer, got her off, but fo materially damaged, that fhe could not be kept afloat, and Was confe- quSntly deftroyed; Thefe frigates were from the Havan nah, bound to Cadiz. It was fuppofed they had 18 men killed, and 30 wounded. The Jrrefiftible had one man killed, and one wounded. On the 28th of May Captain Benjamin Hallowell, in the Lively, of 32 guns ; and La Minerve, of 3,8, Captain George Cockburne, (landing into the bay of Santa Cruz, ; in the ifland of Teneriffe, ' difcoyefed an armed brig at an chor in the road, which on their nearer approach hoifted French, colours. The two commanders having agreed in opinion that fhe could be taken out, Captain Hallowell for this purpofe ordered the boats of the twp frigates under. theo command of Lieutenant Hardy, of La Minerve, he being the fenior.officeij to proceed the next day on this defperate . enterprize. At about half paft two in the afternoon, Mr^ . Hardy made a moft refolute attack, in which he was gal- '. lantly fupported by the officers in the. other boat's ; and in defiance of a fmart fire of mufketry from tbe brig, boarded and carried her almoft immediately. This gavertn alarm to the town, from whence a heavy fire of artillery and mufSJf quetry was opened ; and alfo from a large fhip- lying in the road, which- continued without intermiffion' for near an hour ; by which time they had fucceeded in towing, the brig , out of reach of the Batteries, to which,' for want of wind, • they were for fome time much expofed. * ' She proved to be La Mutine French corvette of 12 fix pounders, ''. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY." §9 goundecs, two thirty-fix pound • carronades, and manned A.D. With 130 men, commanded by Citizen Xavier Paumier, »79J capitaine de frigate, who was on fhore at the time fhe Was cut out. Earl St. Vincent rewarded Lieutenant Hardy for his gallantry with the command of La Murine,- which appoint- ment'was afterwards confirmed by the admiralty.* The following are the other officers who were employed on this fervice, and greatly diftinguifhed themfelves. Lively, Lieutenants Bland, Hopkins, and Bufhby, and Lieutenant Bulkely, of the marines ; Le Minerve, Lieutenants Gage and Mafing. Four men were wounded in the Lively's „ boats ; and Lieutenant Hardy, With fen men in La Mi- nerve's. The damages which the fleet had fuftained in the late en gagement having heen repaired,' Earl St. Vincent failed from Lifbon, and proceeded, off Cadiz, where he anchored the fleet in fuch a fituation as to completely blockade the port. ,, ' In the night of the 3d of July Rear Admiral Sir Horatio ' Nelfon, who commanded the advanced fquadron, proceeded With the Thumber bomb, covered by the armed launches and barges of the fleet, to boiribard the town of Cadiz'. The Thunder was placed with great judgement within 2500 yards of the garrifon, and began to throw fhells with great precifion, under the direaions of Lieutenant Bdyne, of the artillery ; but unfortunately the .large . mortar was foon found to have been fo materially injured from its * former fefvices, that the rear admiral was obliged to order her to retire under the prbteaion of the Goliath, Terpfi- chore, and Fox. The Spaniards difpatched a great num ber of mortar gun-boats, and large armed launches, to at tempt to cut off and carry the Thunder ; but Rear Admiral Nelfon attacked them with fuch determined bravery, that they fled in the greateft -difordpr and confternation, under the walls of the garrifon. The commandant of this flotilla, Don Miguel Tyrafon, laid his boat alongfide the barge in Which was the admiral; when after a fevere conflia, the Spaniard was obliged to furrender with the lofs of 18 out of 26 men, killed, himfelf and all the' reft wounded. * This gallanfc officer was afterwards promoted to poft rank, ' and ferved as captain under Lord Nelfon's flag. '•- ' The 60 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A-D' The following is a Lift of the Killed and Wounded in the l7<^7 ' attack of the •'Spanifh Gun Boats. - Thefeus, 5 wounded. Irrefiftiblc, 1 wounded, Seahorfe, 1 wounded. Ville de Paris, 5 wounded. Prince George, -I killed, 5 wounded. Diadem, 1 wounded. Barfleur, 1 wounded. Egmont, 1 wounded. Total, 1 killed, 20 wounded. Officers. Wounded. Seahorfe, Captain Freemantle, who- accompanied Rear Admiral Nelfon.in his barge, (lightly, Ville de Paris, Lieutenant William Selby, ditto. Diadem, Lieutenant W. J. Rowe, ditto. Prince George, Lieutenant Gregory Grant, ditto; Mr. M. R. Tooley, midfhipman. Barfleur, Mn Hugh Pearfon,. matter's mate. Thefeu?, John Sykes, admiral's coxfwain, feverely,. de fending the perfon of the admiral. On the night ofthe 5th Rear Admiral Nelfon ordered a fecbnd bombardment of Cadiz, under the dire£iion of Cap tain Bowep, of the Terpfichore; Captain Miller, ofthe Thefeus ; and Captain Waller, of the Emerald. The Thunder, Strombolo, and Terror bombs, were moft judi- cioufly placed by Mr. Jackfon, mafter of the Ville de Paris, and threw fhells with confiderable effea into the town and among the fhipping. The next morning ten fail of the line, two of them bearing the flags of Admirals Mazaredo and Gravina, warped with, great precipitation out of range* ofthe fhells. , This fervice was effeaed with inconfiderable lofs to the Britifh; three feamen were killed j, five officers, and 1 1 feamen and marines' wounded. , Officers Wounded. Viaory, Lieutenant Collins ; much bruifed. Thefeus, John Oldfield, Captain of Marines. ;&* John Collier, midfhipman. Audacious, Stephenfon, midfhipman. Sea-horfe, John Hornfey, acting lieutenant. ,; On tbe night of the 8th Rear Admiral Nelfon meditated,! another operation under his own direaion; but the wind '' bW NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 6l blew fo ftrong down the bay, he could not get the bomb- A.D. ' veffels up to the point of attack in time. 1 797 Admiral Earl St. Vincent, from a variety of intelligence which he had received, was led to believe the town of Santa Cruz, in the ifland of Teneriffe, was an affailable objea. On the 15th of July he therefore difpatched Rear Admiral Nelfon with a fquadron of fhips of war, to make an attack upon that place.* On the 25th, at half paft five o'clock in the evening, the fquadron anchored a few miles to the northward of Santa Cruz. The rear admiral finding it impoffible for the fhips to approach fiifficiently near the town to cannonade it with , any effba, ordered a body of 1 000 feamen and marines to be landed from the different fhips, under the command of Cap tains Troubridge, Hood, Thompfon, Miller, and Waller. At eleven o'clock the' men were all in tfie boats, and rowed towards the fhore in fix divifions. The Captains Free- mantle and Bowen accompanied the rear admiral to regulate the attack. At half paft one in the morning the boats had , ' approached the Mole head within half gun fhot undifco- ' vered; when the alarm bells rang, and a tremendous fire was opened from one end of the town to the other. The Fox -cutter, in which Was on board about 180 men, re- , ceived a fhot under water on her approaching the town, and inftantly funk ; Lieutenant Gibfon, her commander, and 96 men perifhed. The fame melancholy fate befel the boat in which was Captain Bowen and his firft lieutenant, who were laved; but the firft of thefe' brave officers was killed fhortly after while fpiking the guns at the Mole. The night, being extremely dark, the boats were unable to keep together; the Rear Admiral, Captains Thompfon and Free- • mantle, with four or five boats, landed at the Mole, which they (termed arid carried, although defended by 400 or 500 men, and fix 24 pounders, which they fpiked. But fuch a heavy fire of mufketry and gtape fhot was kept up from the • citadel and houfes at the Mole-head, that/ it was impoffible for them to advance; and the-whole party was almoft to a man either killed or wounded ; among the latter were the rear- admiral, who loft his right arm ; and Captains Thompfon and Freemantle flightly. In the mean while Captains Troubridge, Hood, Miller, * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 347. / 6i > ' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY; ¦ A.D. arid Waller, landed with rhany of the boats a little tothS f,797 fouthward of the Citadel, paffing through a violent furf, ' t .which ftove, the boats, and wet all the ammunition. Not- withftanding thefe difficulties* they puftied over the' line . Wall, -and took poffeffion of the town. Their force con- fifted of 80 marines, j as many pikeimen, and 18b fmall; , , armed feamen. Having formed in . the great fquare of the toWn, Captain Trowbridge determined to ftorm the cita- " del; but on his approach, he found it was too ftrongto render fuch an 'attempt praaicable. Some prifoners who were taken, informed , him that there were 30OO Spaniard in arms; and too French with five field pieces, affenibli§ at the entrance of the town. Seeing the impoffibility of getting any affiftance from the fhips, at feven o'clock Cap tain Trowbridge difpatched Captain Hood with a meffag| to the governor; to fay, that if he fhould be allowed freejjf and without the leaft moleftation to embark his people at- the Mole-head, in fuch of the fhips boats as were not ftove; 1 and that the governor fhould provide others to carry off the remainder, the fquadron now before the town would not mo- %, left it. The governor told Captain Hood, that he thought in their fituation they ought to furrender prifoners of war; to which he replie'd, that Captain Trowbridge directed' hiaji to fay, that if the terms he had offered were not accepted in five minutes, he would fet the* town on fire, and attack the . • Spaniards at the point of the bayonet. The condua , of the governor upon this occafion refkas the,higheft honour on his charaaer. To prevent fo dreadful a conflagration, , and to fpare the lives of many brave men, he inftantly accepted ¦the terms propofed. Captain, Trowbridge accordingly marched to the Mole-head, where boats were providedibjr) • - the Spaniards to\ carry the people off to the fhips. It)| (aid alfo that the • governor* Don Juan' Antoine Gutterry, ; with the generofity worthy of a great man, furnifhed the retreating invaders with a ratio of bifcult and wine; and direaed thofe of the Britifh who were wounded to be re ceived into the hofpital: at the fame time intimated to Rear Admiral Nelfon tha,t he was at liberty to fend on fhore and purchafe whatever refrefhmerits the fquadron were, in need of, whilft it remained off the ifland.* .,. * A fimilar aft of Spanifh generofity and benevolence occucffcdP _ the crew of the Lord Clive privateer which was blown up at the attack of NovaColonia.'in'the river de la Plata, in the year 1763. See .Vo}. I. page- 3 7 6. •"¦ ' The NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 63 The lofs theBritifh fuftained on this unfortunate expedi- A.D. tlon was_ rather confiderable ; befides Captain Richard 1 797 Bowen, of the Terpfichore, by whofe death the fervice loft an officer of infinite merit ; many other excellent and valuable officers were to be regretted. The whole amount ed to 44 killed, 97 drowned, 105 wounded, and 5 mif- ¦ fi-ng.* .Early in July a moft daring mutiny broke out on board the St. George, which was happily quelled' by the fpirit and aaivity of Captain Peard, her commander, and his firft' lieutenant, whofe meritorious conduct on the occafion fets a noble example to the officers of the Britifh navy. The circumftance Was as follows -—Three men, who had been fentenced to fuffer death for mutinous behaviour in fome other fhip, were' fent on board the St. George to be -executed. The drew, on the arrival of the prifoners, drew up a remonftrance in their favour, and begged of Captain , Peard to intercede in their behalf with the commander in chief. The captain replied, that he fhould lay their prayer before Lord St. Vincent, and, in purfuance of his promife, he Voft no time in fubmittidg the remonftrance to him. The admiral's anfwer was, that he confidered, the fentence , of the mutineers as founded upon folid juftice and imperious neceffity : and confequently he could not think of retraaing the fanaion which he had given to the judgment of ' the court-martial, by whom they had been conviaed. Upon this determination being made known to the people of the St. George, the ftrongeft fympt'oms of difaffeaion were manifefted by them. Their conduct was not unpbferved by Captain Peard, whp took the precaution to watch their proceedings with the utmoft ftrianefs : one of the feamen > who was well acquainted with their defigns, informed Captain Peard that they had entered into a. refolution of 1 feizing the fhip, depofi'rig the officers, and liberating their condemned companions. The evening previous to the day appointed for carrying into effea the fentence of the court- s martial, was the rime fixed upon-' to put their plan into force. Captain Peard feeing the crew affemble in the wafte, immediately approached, and addreffed them to the follow- * ing effea : — " I am perfectly aware of your intentions, andfhall oppofe them at the rifk of my life. Yon have de- , . . rt * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 347. >-.•,, ' termined 64 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. „ 'A•D• termined to opppfe the authority, of your officers; lam 1 797 refolved to do my duty, and to enforce drift obedience to my orders., I am fenfible that you are for the moft part, the , viaims of delulion : I know the ringleaders,, and do not hefitate my intentions of bringing them to juftice. - I com mand yon to difper'fe, and to return to your duty." Finding this addrefs did not produce the defired effect,. Captain Peard, accompanied by his firft lieutenant, rufhed in amid the crowd, refolutely feized two of the people, whom he knew to be the promoters' of the conspiracy, dragged them out by main force, and put them in irons, without experiencing any oppofition from the jcrew. The, refolution and determined courage difplayed by>. Captain , Peard on this occafion, had fuch an effea upoh'ihe reft of the men, that order was immediately reftored, and they returned peaceably to their duty. The 'next morning the •three mutineers were hanged at the yard-arm, conformable^ to their fentence. On the 7th and 8th of July the two mu tineers of the St. George were tried by a court-martial; con demned to fuffer death, andexecuted on the morning of the 9th. ' The following order was given out by Earl St.- Vincent the night previous to the execution. General Order. " Every fhip in the fleet is to fend two boats, with an officer in each, and two marines or foldiers .properly armed in each boat, on board his Majefty's fhip the St. George, at half paft feven to morrow morning, to- attend a punifhment. The fentence is to be carried into execution by the crew of the St. George alqne; and.no part of the boat's crews of other fhips, as is ufualvon fimilar occafions, are to affift in this painful fervice ; in order to mark the high fenfe the commander in chief entertains of the loyalty, fidelity, and fubordination ofthe reft ofthe fleet, which he will not fail to make known to the Lords r Cqmmiffidhers of the Admiralty, and' requeft their Lord fhips to lay it before the King: This, memorandum is to be read to the fhip's companies." Mr. Hatley, firft lieutenant of the St. George, was pro- moted to the rank of a commander, as a reward for hisfpi- rited condua. ' ¦ NORTjt NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 65 NORTH ' Nothing of any importance occurred on this ftation. Vice-Admiral Vandeput gave every neceffary proteaion to the trade againft the French privateers. ., In November, La' Tribune of 44 guns and 280 men, commanded by Captain Scory Barker, which had been fent out with the Quebec. and Newfoundland convoys, was loft off Halifax harbour. The following is an account of the melancholy fate of that unfortunate fhip : v Some days previous to their making the land, near Hali fax, they loft fight |of the convoy in bad weather. About eight o'clock in the morning1 on that day the harbour of Halifax was difcoVered, the wind at this time from the E.S.E. they approached it faft, when Captain Barker pro - pofed to the mafter to lay the fhip to till they could obtain a pilot. The mafter replied, '* that he had beat a 44 gun fhip into the harbour, that, he had been frequently there, nor was there any occafion for a pilot, as the wind.' was fa vourable." 1 Confiding in thefe affurances, Captain Barker went below, and was for a. time employed in arranging fome papers he wilhed to take on fhore with him ; tlie mafter iu the mean time taking upon him the pilotage of ,the fhip, and placing great dependence on the judgement of a negro man, by the name of John Corey, who had for merly belonged to Halifax. About twelve o'clock the fhip had approached fo near the Thrum Cap fhoals, that the mafter became alarmed, and fent for Mr. Galvin, the maf- ter's mate, who was fick below. On his coming, upon deck, he heard the men in the chains fing out tl by the mark five!" the black man forward at the fame time call ing out " fleady." Galvin got on one of the carronades to obferve the fituation of the fhip; the mailer, in much agitation, ran up to the wheel and took it from the man who was fleering, with an intent to wear the fhip ; but be fore this could -be effeaed,or Galvin was .able to give an opinion, fhe, ftruck. Captain Barker inftantly came- on deck, and reproached the mafter with having loft the fhip. Seeing Galvin alfo on deck, he adclreffed him, and faid', that knowing, he had formerly failed out of this harbour he was much furprized he ' could ftand by and fee the mr-fter run * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 348. F the A.D. '797 6fj NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. the fhip afhore. Galvin, informed the captain he had not 1 797 been on deck long enough to give an opiniom " Signals of diftrefs 'were immediately made, which Were anfwered by the military pofts, and -fhips in . ' the harbour. Boat's were inftantly difpatched from every quarter to her relief. The military boats, and one from-the dock-yard, with Mt. Rackum, boatfwain of the ordinary, reached the fhip ; but the other boats, though making the greateft exertions, were not able, the wind being fo much againft them, to get on board. The fhip was immediately lightened by throwing all her guns overboard, excepting one retained for fignals, with every other heavy ftores, fo that about half paft eight o'clock in the evening .the fhip began to heave, and about nine fhe fwung off from the fhore. She had loft her rudder, and it was now difcovered that fhe had feven feet water in the hold. The chain pumps were inftantly manned, and worked with fuch effect, that they feemed to' gain on the leaks, and, by the advice of Mr. Rackum, the captain ordered to let go the beft bower an chor. This was done, but it did not bring her up. Capt. Barker then ordered the cable to be cut, and the jibb and fore topmaft ftay-failwere hoifted to fleer by. Alhhis - time 'the violent gale which had come on from the S.E. kept increafing,' and driving, them to the weftern fhore. In a fhort time the fmall bower anchor was let go ; at which time they found themfelves in about thirteen fathoms water : the mizen-maft was then cut away. It was now about ten o'clock ; and, the water gaining faft_ upon them, little hope remained of faving the fhip or , their lives. At, this critical period Lieutenant Campbell quitted the fhip. Lieutenant North was taken into the , boat out of one of the ports. Lieutenant James of the Royal Nova Scotia regiment, not being to ba.found, was fq unfortunate as to remain, and to the great diftrefs of his worthy parents and friends, fhared the general fate. . From the period when Lieutenant Campbell quitted the fhip, all hopes of fafety had variifhed ; the fhip was finking faft, the ftorm was increafing with redoubled violence, and the rocky ' fhore to which they were approaching refounding with the tremendous noife Of the billows which rolled towards it, prefented nothing to thofe who might furvive the calamity, but the expeaation of a more painful death," from being dafhed againft thofe ftupendous precipices which, even in the 1 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 67 thecalmeft day it is impoflible to.afcend. Dunlap, one of A.D. the furvivors, declared, that about half paft ten, as nearly as x797 he could conjefture, one of the men who had been below, came to him on the forecaftle, and told him it was all over. - In a few minutes after the fhip tOok a lurch, as a boat will when nearly filled with water and going down ; immedi ately on which Dunlap began to afcend the fore fhrouds, and,, at the fame moment carting his eyes towards the quarter-deck, faw Captain Barker Handing by the gang way ,[ and looking into the water, and direaiy after heard him call for the1 jolly-boat. At the fame time he faw the lieutenant of marines running towards the tafferel, he fup- pofed to look for the jolly-boat, as fhe had been preutoufly let down with the men in her; but inftantly the fhip took a fecond lurch, and funk to the bottom; after which, nei ther the captain nor any other officer were feen. - The fcene, fufficiently diftreffing before, became now peculiarly awful; more than 240 men, befides women and children, were floating on the waves,, making their laft effort to,preferve their exiftence. Dunlap, whom we have before mentioned, gained the foretop. Mr.- Galvin, the matter's mate, after incredible difficulty,.got into the main- fop. ¦ He was below when the fhip funk, direaing the men at the chain-ptimp, but was wafhed up the hatchway, thrown into the wafte, and from thence into the Water, and , his feet as he plunged ftruck a rock; on-afcending he fwatn to gain the rhain, fhrouds, when* he was- fuddenly feized hold of by three men ; he now thought he was loft ; to dif-„ engage himfelf from them, he made a dive into the wafer, which induced them to quit their hold ; on rifing again he fwarii to the fhrouds, and arriving at the main-top, feated himfelf on an arm-cheft which was lafhed to the matt. From the obfervations Of Mt. Galvin from the main-top, , and Dunlap in the fore-top, it appears that near 100 per fons were for a confidierable time hanging to the fhrouds, the tops, and other -parts of the wreck ; but from the ex treme length of the night, and the feverity of the fform, na ture became exhaiifteoV and they kept at all periods of the night dropping off, and difappearing. The cries and groans of the unhappy fufferers, from the bruifes many of them had received, and as their hopes 'of deliverance began to fail them, were continued through the night; though as morning appeared, from the few that then furvived, they F 2 became 08 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D- became feeble indeed: the whole number faved from "the 1797, wreck amounted to eight perfons, and feveral of them fo exhaufted as to be indifferent whether they were, taken off or not. Mr. Galvin mentions, that at about twelve o'clock the maip-thaft gave way ; at that time he fnppofes there were, on the main-top, and on the fhrouds, upwards pf, 40 perfons. By the fall cf the maft the whole were again plunged into the water, and of that-number only nine, ;be-. fides himfelf, regained the top. The top refted on the main yard, and the whole remained fall to the fhip by fome ofthe rigging. Of ten perfons who regained, the 'main top,' four only were alive When the morning appeared: ten were at that time alive on the fore-top, but three of them had got fo exhaufted, and had -become fo unable to help themfelves, that before' any relief came they were finally wafhed away ; three others peri fhed, and thus- four only were finally left alive in the fore-top. The place where thefhip went down, Was barely about three times her length, to the fouthward of the'entrance info Herring Cove. The people came down in the rtight to the point oppofite to which the fhip funk, and kept large fires, and were, fo near as to converfe with the people on the wreck. , ¦ The firft exertion that was made for their relief was by a boy thirteen years old, from Herring Cove, who ventured off in a ftnall fkiff by himfelf, about eleven o'clock the next day,: and this truly deferving young lad, with great ex ertions, and atextrerrie rifk to himfelf, boldly approached the Wreck, and backed in his little boat fo near to the; fore-top, as to take off two of the- men, for' the boat could not with, fatety hold any1 more ; and here a trait of generous magna- «: nimity occurred which deferves to be noticed. Dunlap. and Muhroe, had, throughout this difaftr.ous, night, provi dentially preferved their ftrength and fpirits beyond their un fortunate, companions, , and had endeavoured to cheer and encourage them as they found their fpirits finking; they were now both enabled to have ftepped into th,e boat,. and., thus to terminate their own fufferings, but their other two. companions though alive, were unable to help themfelves; they lay, exhaufted on the^tbp, wifhed not to be difturbed, , and feemed defirons to perifh as they lay. Thefe generous fellows hefitated not a moment to remain themfelves on the wreck, and to (ave,: though! againft their will, their unfor-,' ttinate companions ; they lifted them up, ajid by the greateft exertions NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. Qg exertions got them into the little fkiff, and the manly boy A.D. rowed them triumphantly to. the cove, and inftantly had' '797 them conveyed to a comfortable habitation. After foaming, by his example,' older perfons who had larger boats, he put off again in his fkiff, but with all his efforts he could not then approach the'wreck;1 his example, however, was foon followed by thofe in the Tribune's jolly boat, and by fome of the boats Of the cove; with their joint exertions the eight men were preferved', who, with four that efcaped in- the jolly boat, made the whole number of furvivors of this fine ihip's company. An inftahce occurred, which, though it may appear un natural, after the diftreffing fcene we have related, is fo de- ftriptive of that cool ihoughtleffnefs of danger which fo often diftinguiffi.es our Britifh tars, that it Would be inex- cufable to omit it. Daniel Murrroe, one of the furvivors, had, as well as Dunlap, got into the fore-top. Suddenly he' difappeared ; and it was concluded he hadbeen wafhedaway with many others ; when, after an abfence from the top of two hours, he raifed his head through the lubber's hole to the furprife of Dunlap, who enquired where he had been; ,he faid he had been cruizing for a better birth : after fwirq- ming about the wreck for a considerable time, he had re turned to fhe fore fhrouds, and crawling in on the cat- jharpiris, had aaually been fleeplng there more than an hour, and appeared to be, greatly refrefhtid. > A lift of the commijjioned and warrant officers who perificd on board La Tribune. Names. Rank. Scory Barker, , - - Captain.- Thomas Farrel, - ¦ - i ft Lieutenant. Thomas Clarke, - - ad Ditto. Thdtrias Shairp, - - 3d Ditto. James Clubb, ' - - Mafter. James Gregg, - - Lieutenant of Marines. Mer. Jones, ... Surgeon. George Stanford, - Purfe'r. John Franklin, ' - - Boatfwain. ¦¦ • ¦ ' ' r , William Thomas, - Gunner. James Jurd, - - Carpenter. \ ¦ F 1 ' New- 70 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. -,.,'.. 1797 , NEWFOUNDLAND*. The fqnadron on this ftation was commanded by the), Hon. Vice-Admiral Waldgrave, whofe judicious arrange ment of his cruizers proreaed the trade and fifhery againft, any annoyance from the enemy's privateers. LEEWARD ISLANDSf. Rear-Admiral Henry Hervey, in conjun&jon with Lieu tenant-General Sir Ralph Abercromby, determined on the reduaion of Trinidad. For this, purpofe on the 12th of February the troops deftined for the expedition were em barked on board the fhips of war and tranfports, and failed from Fort Royal bay, Martinique, On the 14th the fqua dron arrived at the ifland of Cariacou, one of the Grena dines, where they were joined by the reft of the fhips of war and tranfports which had been ordered to rendezvous at that place. The next day the fleet proceeded to its.def- tination ; on the 16th it came within fight of Trinidad and flood fowaraVthe Gutah of Peria. At half paft three in ' the afternoon the Spanifh fquadron was discovered* at an chor in Shagararhus bay, confifting of four fail of the line and one frigate, under the flag of a rear-admiral %. As the day was far advanced before the fleet approached the bay, and the enemy appeared' in force in Gafparaux ifland; the admiral ordered the Arethufa. Thorn, and- Zebra to pro ceed a little further up. the gulph, and anchor with all the tranfports,' while the Alarm, Favorite, and Viaorieufe were directed to continue under fail during fhe night to prevent any veffels failing from Port Efpagne. Juft before dark the admiral anchored with the fhips of the line, in order of bat tle, oppofite the. enemy's fquadron, Within random fhot 6^ their fhips and batteries. At two o'clock in the morning. of the 17th the Spanifh fquadron was difcovered to be/on fire, and al! of .them were confumed excepting one, which, at day light, was brought out by the boats of the fleet with out receiving any darnage. General Abercromby immediately landed with a large body of troops ; the fuperintendance of this fervice was en- w Appendix, Chap. II. No. 349. - + Appendix, Chap. II. No. 3co." % Appendix, Chap. II. No. 351. trufted' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, 71 trufted to Captain Woolley, of the Arethufa, covered by the A. D. Favorite floop, and took poffeffion of the town without '797 oppofitipn. On: the next day the governor defired to capi tulate for the whole ifland ; the articles were agreed to, and in the evening the Spanifh troops laid down their afms, and the whole colony fubmitted to his Britannic Majefty. _ The fuccefs which had attended the Britifh arms at Tri-. nidad, induced Rear Admiral Harvey and General Aber cromby to attempt the reduaiori alfo of Porto Rico ; and having made every neceffary arrangement for the fecurity of Trinidad, they proceeded with the greater part of the fleet and army to this ifland. On the 17th of April they made the ifland of Porto Rico, and came to anchor at Congr'ejos Point.* The next morning the troops were difembarked in a fmall bay on the north fide of the ifland, meeting with little oppofition from about 100 of the enemy, who foon retired. On approaching the town, however, it was found too, ftrongly fortified, and too aaively defended by gun boats and other craft, to admit of any hope of fuccefs. After bombarding the town for fome days, and endeavour ing -to deftroy a large magazine which was fituated near' it, but without any vifible effea, on the 30th the General gave up the enterprize, re-embarked his troops, and retired with the lofs of about 200 men. On the 15th of Auguft the Alexandrian fchooner, of fix guns and 20 men, a tender to the Prince of Wajes, com manded by Lieutenant William Wood'Senhoufe, being on a cruize off Martinique, fell in with, and after a fmart aaion captured La Cocq French privateer of fix guns and .34 men, two of whom were killed, and five wounded. On the fame evening the Alexandrian attacked another fchooner of greater force, in a running fight, which efcaped .from the darknefs of the night. On, the 4th of* 'October Lieutenant Senhoufe, on his paf- fage to Barbadoes from Demarary, where he had been to deliyer difpatches to the governor, fell in with a French fchooner. privateer, which he engaged for fifty minutes, when fhe ftruck, and proved to be L'Erpiaaris, of eight guns and 74 men, four of Whom were killed, and twelve Severely wounded. The Alexandrian had one man killed and four wounded. * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 35Z. F4 ' The. '72 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. : D- The following account of the dreadful cataflrophe of the fliip I?97 Thomas, pf Liverpool, is copied- fpom a Barbadoes Paper oj the itfh of Oilober. " On Tuefday afternoon laft drifted on fhore on the north eaft part of this ifland, a boat with two men and a ' b6y,. ' ' ¦*• " Of all human fufferings, few, if any, can exceed what- thefe miferable ill-fated mortals, experienced ; nor can dari-! a;ers equal what they encountered, at the recital of which our blood freezes; arid our feelings' cannot hut be deeply1 diftreffed at the relation of fuch a fcene of human mifery. ." Thefe are part of the crew belonging to the fhi,p- Thotpas, M'Quay, of Liverpool, on his middle voyage , from the cOaft of Africa to this ifland. From that coaft- b'eing infefted with French privateers^ Captain M'Quay had taught his male flaves the ufe of arms, in order that they fhould aid him to repel the attacks of the enemy, fhould any be made, as he had frequent fkirmifhes with them the laft' voyage. But inftead of becoming auxiliaries in his defence,!' they took advantage of his inftruaions, ard feizing his am- , munition cheft, on the 22d of September, early in the morning, about 203 of them appeared on deck, accoutred, and fired on the crew, fome of whom fell) others, in dif-. may, jumped overboard, who were alfo fired at; whilft- others cut away the boat lafhed to her ftern, and took re fuge inher by efcaping through the cabin windows, leaving* the captain and the reft of the crew endeavouring' to quell the infurgents, by difcharging fuch arms as are ufually kspt; in the cabin; but upon the captain's obferving that fome were in the boat and about to de'ferf the fhip, he remon-. ftrated fo warmly as to induce them to return; but they - perceiving that they were overpowered, and feeing no pof- fibility of efcaping the danger that awaited them, again*; fecured the boat, and quitted the fhip ; of thefe were twelve. " Having fled from the fury of lavage ferocity, they now became a prey to the winds and waves, to' hunger and' third; and after having fuffered the horrors of thefe for fome days, they; providentially took a fmall turtle, whilft floating afle'ep on the furface of the water, which they de voured; and again being driven to,- diftrefs- for want of, food, they foaked their fhoes, and two hairy caps which- 'were among them, in the water, which being rendered foft, each partook of them.' But day after day having paffed, and ' the 1JAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 73 the cravings of hunger preffing hard upon them, they fell A.D. Upon the horrible, dreadful expedient of eating each other ; '797 and to prevent any contention about who mould become the food for others, they cafl lots, when he on whom the lot fell with manly fortitude refigned his life, with the per flation of his' body becoming the means of exiftence to Mis companions in diftrefs, but folicited that he might be bled to death, (thefurgeon being with them, and having his cafe of inftruments in his pocket when he left the fhip.) " No fooner had the fatal inftrument touched the .vein, than the operator applied his parched lips, and.drank of the blood that flowed ; whilft the reft anxioufly watched his departing breath, that they might fatisfy the hunger that gnawed them. Thofe that glutted themfelves with human flefh and human gore, and whofe ftomachs retained the un natural food, foon perifhed with 'raging infanity, from pu- trefaaion, as we conceive, fuperfeding digeftion. Thus the dreary profpea became the more fo to the furvivors, from feeing their- fellow companions expire before them^ from the very caufe that ravenous hunger impelled them to - imagine would give them exiftence. Thofe that remained attribute the prefervation of their lives to having rejeaed following 'the example of their fellow fufferers. Indeed, they aflert having, refufed rifking their lives to the' chance of aftraw; but the majqrity having determined it, they could not refufe. " On Tuefday morning the loth inftant,, (being the '38th day,) the lonely travellers defcried the fhore ; but having no helm to guide the boat, defpair took poffeffion of their almoft exhaufted fpirits ; and, being hopelefg, re figned themfelves to death. That Providence, however, without whofe knowledge a fparrow \d'oes not fall to the ground, and whofe gracious interpofition in favour of the two has been apparent, became their helm and guide, and direfted them to the fhore- ; which, when having approach ed, worn out nature could fcarcely permit them to leave the - boat and embrace the earth fo fervently wifhed for; the boy having fallen into the furf, and unable to make an ef fort, was drowned. " The two men exerting their little Strength, crawled on their bellies to the mouth of Joes river, where they Slacked their thirfti and beina; difcovercd by a Mr. Maf- ' < coll, 74 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. •A-D- coll, hehofpitably gave them that affiftance' which" huraafc- *797 nity dictates, and fuch extreme diftrefs required. European Mag. 1797. JAMAICA.* The cruizers on this Station^ under the command/ of Vice Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, were extremely aaiye, vigilant, and fuccefsful ; by which a great number of the enemy's privateers, and merchant veffels were taken and deftroyed, and. the Britifh trade proteaed. On the 3d of March Captain Mends, in the Diligence. fioop of 16 guns, being on a cruize off the Pah of Ma- tanzas, fell in with La Nativetas, a Spanifh Ship of 50Q tons, mounting 16 guns, and 50 men, which She captured after an aaion of three quarters of an hour. On the 22d of the fame month Captain Pigot, in the Herfnione of 32 guns, being off the ' weft end of- Porto . Rico, difcovered feveral fmall veffels at anchor in fhore; upon which he flood in and anchored within half a mile of ithem, abreaft of a batteoy, which he foon filenced; the boats of the Ship were inftantly difpatched, under thedirec- tionsof Lieutenants Reid and Douglas, who brought all the- veffels out excepting two, which were funk. The follow ing day Captain Pigot fent Lieutenant Reid to difmantle the' battery, and deftroy the remaining veffels in number, fif teen, which could not be brought off; which he completely effected without lofs. * On the night of the 6th of April, Gaptain Ricketts dif- patched the boats of the Magicienne and Regulus into the harbour of Cape Roxo,< where they captured, funk, and burnt thirteen fail of fquare rigged Veffels and fchooners, the Whole which were in the port, and deftroyed two batte ries of two guns each, fix and four pounders, at the entrance , and head of the harbour, without the lofs of a man. On the 15th Captain Ogilvy, in the Thunderer of 74' guns, in company with the Valiant, Captain Crawly,1' drove on fhore about four miles to windward of Jean Ra- bel, the French frigate L'Hermione, of 44 guns; the crew efcaped to the fhore, after having fet fire to the fri gate, and in a Short time She blew up. On the night of the 21, ft, Captain Pigot, in the Rer- • Appendix, Chap. II. No. 353; 1 mione NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 75 mione, with the Mermaid, Quebec, and Penelope cutter, A, D. being off Jean Rabel, determined to attempfwiththe boats t?97 qf the Ships, to furprize and bring, off the veffels which were in that port. The enterprize was projeaed with much judgment, and executed with fuch gallantry by the officers and men employed, that it met with complete fuccefs, bringing off nine veffels, moft of which were Americans, that had been taken by French privateers, in defiance of a heavy fire pf cannon and mufketry from the enemy's bat teries^ without a man being hurt.. On the 23d, Captain Ricketts, in [the Magicienne, in cpmpany with the Regulus and Fortune fchooner, upon doubling Cape Tiberoon, difcovered a prfvateer "floop and four fchooners at anchor in Carcaffe Bay, which con vinced him that the polls of Irois were attacked. Ast no time was to be loft in endeavouring to counteraa the views of the enemy, Captain Ricketts flood in, anchored, and commenced a heavy cannonade with fuch fuccefs, that in a . Short time the enemy abandoned the. fort and fled into the mountains, leaving in the poffeffion ofthe viaors.tbeir field pieces, ammunition, provifions, and veffels laden with ne- ceflaries for carrying on the fiege. This attack was at-, tended with the lofs of four men killed ; a mailer's mate and ten wounded. On the 1 7th of September a very gallant aaion was fought offCape'Nicolas, by Lieutenant Thomas Whiter* in the Pelican brig of 18 guns, and a French brig priva teer ; when, after much manoeuvring and bravery difplayed on both fides for four hotfrs, the enemy's veffel blew up abaft, and' in five minutes after went down by the head. Sixty of the crew were faved by the boats of the Pelican, from whpm they learnt that She was La Trompeufe, mount ing 12 fix pounders, and 78 men. Oh the night of the 22d of September a moft daring and unexampled mutiny, broke out on board the Hermione fri gate, commanded by Captain Hugh Pigot, when cruizing off. the weft end of Porto Rico. The mutineers having fe cured thofe of the Ship's company who were not in the fecret of their diabolical plot, murdered the .captain and officers * One of the Lieutenants of the Queen, put in to aft in the abfence of Captain Gafccjigne lick on fhore, ¦ in 7:6 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. I A.D. in , a moft cruel and favage manner, dragging them from J797 their beds, cutting and hacking' them with tomahawks and other weapons, and thrufting many overboard whilft yet alive; It appeared on a court-rhartial hejd on fome' of the wretches, who were afterwards condemned and executed'; that Captain Pigot hearing a noife upon deck, immediately ran out of the cabin, when being badly and repeatedly wounded, he- was at length obliged to return. He' had reached his cabin, and was fitting on a couch faint with the lofs of blood, when four of thefe defperadoes entered wirh-bayonets fixed. • One by the name of Crawley* headed them. Captain Pigot, weak as he was, held out his dirk and kept them off. They feemed for a moment appalled at.the fight of their commander, - when Crawley exclaimed,1 ''What,, four againft one, and yet afraid? Here goes then," and buried his bayonet in the body of Captain Pigot. The other, wretchesfollbwed- his example, who, with their- bayonets, thruft him through the port.; and, ¦ (hocking to relate, he was heard to fpeak as he went aftern. Trie mu tineers carried the Ship into La Guira; andy notwithrt ftandjng the remonftrances of Rear Admiral Harvey* who reprafented to the Spanifh governor the dreadful effects that might afife from encouraging fuch' a proceeding, he fitted out the Hermione, and fent her to cruize againft the Bri tifh. She was however afterwards retaken, as will be feen- hereafter. A Lift of the Officers murdered by the mutineers of ' ih'£ f Hermione. ' , . , Hugh Pigot, Captain. SprigS i Douglas,. > Lieutenants, Fanlhaw, J Percey, - Purfer Dr. Sanfom. Maiming, Captain's clerk, ... , ¦ Smith, - Midfhipman. Marter, - Boatfwain, Lieutenant of Marines. On the 27th of December Captain William Henry Ricketts, in the.Magicienne, in company with, the Regulus * He has fince been executed, with feveral others. and NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 77 and Diligence brig took from under the -protection of the A.D. forts in. Guadilla bay, in the ifland of Porto Rico, after a J797 cannonade of one hour and a half, Le Brutus privateer of 9 guns, a fhip, three brigs, and a fchooner. ' In performing this fervice five men were wounded on board the Magicienne : and one belonging to the Diligence. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE AND EAST INDIES*. "Rear-Admiral Pringle employed his Ships chiefly off the Mauritius and adjacent illancls, keeping a itria look out on the enemy's cruizers, and afforded every neceffary protec tion to the trade. Nothing of any importance occurred until the month of Oaober, when the baneful fpirit of mutiny and difaffeaion which had fo much Shaken the difcipline of the Navy in Europe broke out on board the fleet at the C^pe. It firft made its appearance on board the Tremendous, the crew of which fhip rbfe upon the officers, and having confined them, threatened to bring Captain Stephens to a court-martial, compofed of members chofep from among the delegates ; for in this inftance they followed the fteps of their muti nous brethren. The charges which they exhibited againfL him were tor cruelty and mifconduct on board the fhip as commander. The mutineers having been brought to a fenfe of their improper condua, and granted a pardon, returned to their dwty ?nd obedience; but Captain Stephens, confidering the attack made upon him unfounded and highly prejudicial to his honour and charaaer as an officer, demanded of the commander in chief a court-martial, to iaquire into his condua on the charges exhibited againft him by the fhip's company of the Tremendous. ' It was accordingly granted and held on board the Sceptre in Table Bay. In the courfe of the evidence againft him, one df the witneffes appeared 'drunk, and prevaricated in his teftimony fo much, that the Prefident ordered the court to be cleared. After fome de liberation, it was agreed that this man's evidence fhould be deferred till the next day, and that no notice lhould be then taken of his improper con \u&i The next morning he was brought up to continue his evidence, when the Prefident gave him a fevere reprimand for coming before the court drunk the preceding day, but excufed him from any punilhtnent. On this another failpr, ,- ,^. * Appendix); Chap. II. No, v"4 and No. 355. ¦ ' !. ¦by 78 NAVAL -dHRONOLOGY. A.D. by the name of Jackfon, who had been a ringleader in the *797 mutiny, called out in court, affuming to. himfelf at the fame time a great deal of confequence, " Why Jack I don't think you were drunk, were you ? I fee no reafon why you Should be reprimanded." , This infolent and contemptuous behaviour to the court was for the prefent paffed over as Jackfon was fo be the next called as evidence againft Captain Stephens*, Having finifhed his examination, the court ordered him to be taken into^cuftody, and that he fhould be imprifoned one month, for which purpofe a boat was ordered to carry him on fhore. The whole evidence having been heard as well as the de fence made by Captain Stephens, and nothing in the fmalleft degree appearing to criminate him, but that he had acted like a Steady and good officer, he was honourably acquitted. The court-martial had not long been diffolved before Symptoms of mutiny began again to make their appearance on board the. Sceptre and fome other fhips, which foon broke out into the moft violent aas Of difbbedience, and fubverfion of all difcipline. A council was immediately held on Shore, wherein it was wifely determined by Lord Macartney, the governor, Admiral Pringle, arid General Dundas, to ufe force and the moft decifive mea fores for queljing it, and bringing the ringleaders to punifhment. All the batteries were inftantly manned, and upwards of ioo pieces of cahnon were loaded and pointed at the Tre mendous, the admiral's Ship; on board of which the mutiny was at the greateft height'; tbe furnaces were heated, and Ted-hot balls prepared to fire upon her as fhe lay at anchor off the Amfterdam battery, if the mutineers fhould refufe to deliver up the delegates, with the ringleaders, and not return to obedience. ' A proclamation was iffued at feven o'clock in the morn ing, and only two hours allowed for the mutineers to deli berate whether they would accept the terms offered. Ten minutes before the expiration of the time granted, the mu tineers finding that it was pofitively determined to fink the Tremendous, in cafe cf refufal, hoifted on board of that fhip the flag of fubmiffion, which was immediately followed'by all the others. The delegates were given up, many of whom were executed, others feverely flogged, and good order and difcipline once more reltored on board the fleet. Captaifl1^' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 7@ 1 Captain Edward Pakenham being on a cruize in the A.D. Straits of Bonda, in the Refiftance, fent lieutenant Oakes 1797 to feize a veffel lying at fome diftance ; which he accom- plifhed, and imprudently allowed the Malays or Boorgeefe to remain at large about the veffel with their arms ; the boatfwain who was with Lieutenant Oakes, reprefented to him the propriety of difarmjng them ; but unfortunately not fufpeaing any treachery, he would not acquiefce. In the evening, a report was made to him that the head Boorgeefe had put to death one of the feamen. Attributing . this to accident, or fome improper condua on the part of the failor ; he went to enquire perfonally into the affair; but had no fooner approached the' head Boorgeefe, than the fellow creefed him alfo,. and befell dead at his feet. The boatfwain who was by, put the fellow's leg off with his hanger ; but before he dropped, he ftruck the boatfwain near the fhoulder, and wounded him defperately.- The Englifh incenfed at the unmerited death of their com mander, and the probable lofs of the boatfain, cut to pie ces' every Boorgeefe that had not time to jump over board, and effea their fafety by fwimming. Account 'of the Mutiny on board the Lady Shore Conv:S~ . flip, bound to 'New South Wales. •' On the i ft of Auguft, -1797, about 4 o'clock A.M. the Frepch emigrants, and a number of deferters (fent on board the Lady Shore] bound to New Holland, affifted by the feamen, revolted and took poffeffion. of the Ship, guns, fmall arms, and the arm cheft. Mr. Lambert, chief-mate, whofe watch was upon deck, having obfervegl them for fome time loading their mufkets at the main „ hatch-way, without alarming the captain or officers com manding -the troops, imprudently went into the cabin, loaded his piftols, and difcharging one of them, fhot a Frenchman named De la Hay; the mutineers immediately Shot' Mr. Lambert dead on the fpot. - As Captain Wilfon, hearing a noife, was coming oilt of his cabin, he was tftabbed in the -right fide of his neck and in his left breaft, which made him to fall down the companion ladder, into the great cabin, which was our apartment. By this time the revolters had the entire poffeffion of the fhip, ftationing fentries at every hatch- way, with their arms loaded, point ing' 80 - NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. irig two guns down the main hatch-way, loaded with 1 797 grape' fhot and broken bottles ; alfo two guns on the fore- caftle. pointed aft, loaded in the fame' manner ; laying on gratings at every hatchway, to flop any one from coming upon deck. " About 8 o'clock, A.M. the chiefs and feveral others came down below into the great cabin, and demanded our_ fire-arms, which were, given them; at the fame time Ad jutant Minchjn gave orders to the ferjeants to deliver up what arms and what ammunition they had amongft them, and delired them not to make any refiftance. Adjutant M. gave his word and honour that no .refiftance Should be made on his part, or any of his people againft them.' Ser jeant Hughes informed Adjutant M. he had about 28 Stand of arms, and about 34 or 40 .rounds of ball cartridges, which Adjutant M. ordered him to deliver up. " They informed up, that in a few days they meant to give us the long-boat and fend us away, which they performed' on the 15th day, at 8 o'clock, P.M.; diftance about 100 leagues off the land, at the entrance 6f the river De la 1 Plata, in the latitude of Cape St. Mary, fending in the long boat, 29 perfons, men, women, and Children, the youngeft child not five weeks old. After meeting with very tefopeftuous weathrtr and heavy feasi)t in 48 hours, we ar rived at a Portuguefe fettiement, called Port Sairit Pedros, Rio Grande; where we were received by the governor and inhabitants in a very, humane manner. On our firft arrival at ' , Port Saint Pedros, Adjutant Minchin of his ownaccord, alfowed James George Semple Lifle, who was a convict on board, to make out a report to the governor,, that he, the faid Semple was a major in the Dutch cavalry, and Adjutant M. fanaioned him in it. Some few days after, the officer at whofe houfe I was quartered, afked me the . reafon why the faid major had not his uniform, belt, breaft plate, fafh, &c. as well as Adjutant Minchin and myfelf? I not wifhing to deceive the officer, informed htm he never had any, and that he was nothing but a convia, and was , fent out for feven years tranfportation. " The governor was informed what I had reported, and acquainted Semple with it, who went to Minchin's quar ters, and afked his advice what be fhould do in the bufi nefs? Minchin advifed him to feek and run me through, and there would be nothing more faid about fiis charaaer. • Minchin. « ' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 81 Minchin being very intimate with Semple, went next A.D. morning, in company with him, to the governor's, carry-r 1797 ing a parcel of papers belonging to him, one of them faid to be a Dutch commiffion in the cavalry, and what I had reported wa3 an infamous lie; and he, the faid Minchin, hoped the governor would chaftife me; Minchin took Sem- ple's advice in every thing, and always kept him com pany. On- the 2 3d of September, 1797, we were embarked on board fmall months, receiving no fubfiftence either from the governor or commodore. On board the fhip with myfelf was Lieu tenant Drummond ; omotir coming out of the Bay of All. Saints, We" unfortunately carried away our rudder, and Vol. IV. ' G were 82 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. were obliged to return to refit; when on applying to the go- 1 797 vernor for a paffage in the fecond convoy, he kindly ordered lis on board the frigate Charlotte, the commodore of the convoy, where, we cannot fay with truth, we were treated like gentlemen. On our going into the Tagus we got a-ground on the bar of Lifbon ; but in twenty-four hours we happily got off, by the affiftance ofthe Almighty, and not by the good management of the Portuguefe. Witnefs my hand this lft of September, 1798, William Prater, Enfign N. S. W, Corps of Foot.* ' 1798 Supplies granted by parliament. For the maintenance of 120,000 ^| /. s. d. ¦ men, including 20,000 marines > 6,680,000 o 0 and ordnance for fea ordnance J Wear and tear of fhips in which they "I , " r ? 4,200,000 O 0 are to ferve, - J T'' * ' . Expence of the transport fervice, andT for maintenance of prifoners of war V 1,200,000 o 6 in health - - J Ordinary, including half-pay to feat ,0 „ 0 and marine officers - ) 689>858 19 7 Building, and repairs pf fhips, and [ , other extra work - - ) 639>S30 O: o ¦ •j£ x3>449>388 19 7 Total - - £ 35,628,798 4 10 flag Officers employed. Officers. Rank. Ships. . Gun;f', Portfmouth, ' Sir P. Parker, Bt. Ad. of the White, R. William 84 Plymouth, Sir Richard King, Bt. Admiral of the 7 ^ t .,, „ Blue, - _ j Cambridge 84 * In *e month, of December, 17,9, Jean Revet, who murdered the captain Of the Lady Jane Shore, was tried at the Old Bailey, fully tpnyitfed of the offence, fenteneed to be hanged, and e^ecutedr Downs, NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 83 Downs, A.Dg J. Peyton, Efq. Admiral ofthe Blue, Overyffel 64 i , ' . Nore, S. Lutwidge, Efq. Vice Ad. ofthe Blue, Zealand 64 Cork, R. Kingfmill; Efq. Vice Ad. of the Red, no particular Ship. Channel Fleet, Lord Bridport, Ad. of the White, > R.George no Sir A. Gardner, Bt. V. Ad. of the White, R. Sovereign 110 %hie7h°mpf™' Bt' Vke-Ad' Pf thC } Formid*ble 98 Sir Roger Curtis, Bt. Rear Ad. of the Red, Prince 98 Lord H. Seymour, Rear Ad. of the White, Sans Pareil 80 North Sea, , Lord Duncan, Admiral of the Blue, Kent ., > < 74 Sir R. Onflow, Bt. Vice Ad. ofthe Red, Monarch 74 -^ Fitting for Foreign Service, Sir J. Colpoys, K. B. Vice Ad. of the \ Northumber- ¦ Blue, - - j land - 74 i Mediterranean, Earl- St. Vincent. Admiral of the Blue, Ville de Paris no Lord Keith, Vice Ad. of the Blue, Foudroyant 80 Sir W. Parker, Bt. Rear Ad. of the Red, Prince George 98 Sir J. Orde, Bt. Rear Ad. of the White, Princefs Royal 98 Sir H. Nelfon, K. B. Rear Ad ofthe Blue, Vanguard ' 74 . T. Lenox Frederick,, Efq. Rear Ad. of 1 Blenheitn g0 the Blue Jrt North America, G. Vandeput, Efq. V. Ad. ofthe White, Refolution 74 ¦ Newf°undland, Flon. W. Waldgrave, V. Ad. of the Blue, Agincourt 64 Leeward Hands. H. Hervey, Efq. Rear Ad. of the Red,, P. of Wales 98 G 2 Jamaica, 84 NAVAL -CHRONOLOGY. A:D. Jamaica, 1 W8 -SiffLParker, Knt. Vice Ad.of the Red, Queen _ _._ 981 R. R. Bligh, Efq. Rear Ad. of the Red, Brunfwick 74V Cape of Good Hope >. ¦ '¦»/» T. Pringle, Efq. Rear Ad. ofthe Red, ' Tremendous. 74' Sir Hugh C. Chriftian, K. B.Rear? yi • ia - . .Admiral ofthe White ; -_ 3 , '& , ' . " Eaft- Indies, P. Rainier, Efq. Rear Ad. of the White, Suffolk 74 J Blankett, Efq., Commodore. Leopard 50 v Vice Admiral Sir Charles Thompfon fhifted his flag, to the Queen Charlotte; Vice Admiral Vandeput to the Afia; Rear Admiral Pringle returned to England; and Sir, H. C. Chriftian hoifted hisflag on board the Tremendous. Rear Admiral Frederick returned, to, England and ftruck his flag. • rt T Rear Admiral Charles Maurice Pole firft, captain to the. Channel fleet. In November the orders for fitting the Northumberland were countermanded. . In the fame month Lord ,K,eh>h hpift* ed .his flag on board the Foudroyant, and failed for trie Me diterranean.' On the 9th of April Rear Admiral- Sir Horatio Nelfon .failed in the Vanguard from St. Helens^ haying under his efcort the convoy for Lifbon and the Mediterranean. Rear Admiral Sir' Roger Curtis, on his return from off Lifbon, joined the fleet under Earl St. Vincent. Rear Admiral Sir John Orde returned to England. On the 26'th of May a bill was, paffed for the more Sheen dily and efFe&ually manning ofthe navy. The purport of this bill was to fufpend all protections for one month in the coal trade; and five months" in other cafes. „ . In the month of January it was agreed between; Greafc Britain and France} that the prifoners of each Should, be maintained at the cofts of their refpedlive countries; each fendjng an agent to Superintend the furnifhihg them with provifions, the markets to he. opened to the agents refiding therein. The prifoners in both were likewife to be con fined in two or three places of general rendezvous, inftead ol being fcattered over ¦ the country. The agent appointed by Great Britain was Captain James Cotes, of the navy, with NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 85 Vith a Salary of a 1000I per annum; on the part of France A.D. 'M-Niou. ^S8 . The French prifoners were confined at the following places in Great Britain. ¦' At Portfmouth, - 10,576 Edinburgh, 736. Plymouth, - 8,398 Chatham, - 1,298 Norman CroSs,' 4,027 Stapleton, - 4ji2r Liverpool, - 4,009 Total, 30,265 Officers (Prifoners) on Parole. At Tiverton, — 114 Litchfield, - 66 Bifhops Waltham, - 60 Peebles, - - 60 300 The Britifh prifoners in France at this time amounted to about 280O. On the 13th of September a cartel for the exchange of prifoners was agreed to between Great Britain and France on the following terms, viz. ift. An exchange of prifoners of war fhall immediately take place between the two countries, man for man, and rank for rank ; and the French government Shall begin, by fending over to England, ina French cartel veffel, a number Of Britifh prifoners, with the proportion of five officers to one hundred men; upon the arrival of whom in England, the Britifh government fhall caufe an equal number ofthe fame ranks of French prifoners to be fentr in an Englifh cartel veflel, to, France. The Britifh government fhall then caufe to be fent to France, in an Englifh cartel veffel, a number of French, prifoners, with the fame proportion of officers as above mentioned, for whom the French govern ment Shall return, by a French cartel veffel,. the fame number and raijks of Britifh prifoners. The exchange fhall be continued according to the fame alternate plan, until one or other of the' two governments Shall think proper to put a ftop thereto; .and, in that cafe, the party fo discontinuing is to return, without delay, whatever number of prifoners may appear to be againft it on the balances of the exchanges that may to that time have taken place in confequence of this ?artel. G 3 2dly. 86 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. \ A.D. 2dly. In order to prevent any difficulties, that might other- 1 798 wife arife from the diverfity of ranks of officers in thefervice of the two countries, it is hereby agreed, that the table hereunto annexed, or corresponding ranks in the Englifh and French fervices, Shall uniformly be attended to by both parties; and that officers on either fide, of ranks of which there Shall be no corresponding officer or, officers in poffeffion of the other power, Shall be exchanged for their equivalent, according to the Scale of value in men fpecified in the faid table. 3d. All the, prifoners on Bbth fides to be exchanged by this cartel, fhall be felefted according to their ranks, by. the refpecfive agents of the countries to which they belong, refiding at Paris or in London, without any interference whatever on the part of the government in whofe poffeffion they may be. , 4th. It being ftipulated that the Britifh prifoners Shall be fent to England in. French veffels, and the French pri foners conveyed to France in Britifh veffels, it is hereby - . agreed that the whole expence attending fuch veffels Shall be defrayed by the refpecf ive countries by which they may be employed; and that the prifoners during their paffage Shall be fWnifhed with the following daily allowances, viz. Britijh Prifoners. Bread, - lib. Beef, - - lib. Beer 2 quarts, or wine 1 quart. . French Prifoners " Bread, - _ - rm. Beef, - . lib. Beer 2 quarts. A table of which allowances is to be affixed to the malt of.each cartel veffel. 5th.-. All prifoners on both fides, not being officers, who, from wounds, age, or infirmities, are rendered inca pable of further fervice ; and alfo all boys under twelve years of age. Shall be forthwith returned to their refpeflive • countries, without regard to their numbers or equality of exchange; but the feteaion of perfons of the defcriptions mentioned in this article, is to he left entirely to the agents/ arid furgeOns of the government of the country in whichrt they are'detained. , . 6th NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 87 6th. All furgeons, furgeons-matts, purfers,- (or aids-, A.D. commiffaries) purfers Stewards, (or commis aux vivres) 1798 Secretaries, chaplains, and fchoolmafters (being the clafles comprehended under the denomination of non-combattants, and alfo paffengers pot of the fea or land fervice, in what ever fhip taken), fhall not be confidered as prifoners ; but Shall be immediately fet at liberty,- to return to their re- fpeclive countries, without being placed to the account of exchange. ¦ ' 7th. All officers .bearing authentic commiffiqns-.in the land fervice, and thofe belonging to the fea fervice, of the following ranks, viz./ Admirals. ¦Vice Admirals-. ' Rear Admiral?. Commodores. Captains. > Lieutenants. 1 Enfigns. Mafters. Mates, (or Pilots.) 'Midfhipmen, (or Affiftants.) and alfo mafters, and mates, or fecond captains of mer chant veffels .exceeding the burthen of 80 tons, together with the captain, and in the proportion of three other offi cers' to each hundred men, of privateers of 14 carriage guns and •upwards, fhall either .be permitted to return to their respective countries, on parole not to ferve until regu larly exchanged; or fhall have the ufual indulgence of parole gnSnted to them in the country in which they are detained.' And, it is agreed, that whatever officers may by virtue; of this article. return to their refpeclive countries, Shall be fuffered to depart from their prefent places of con finement, to Dover, or'Garvelines, as foon as conveniently may be after the Signing of the prefent cartel ; and alfo, that. all officers, .refiding on parole in their own countries Shall Signify to the agent of the country to which they are prifoners their .refpeff ive places of refidence, which they are on no account to change, without firft intimating their intention to the faid agent ; and they are, moreover, at the at the expiration of every two months, to tranfmit to the faid agent, a certificate of the. particular places where they ¦ ~ G 4 may 88 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. may fefide, Signed by the magiftrates, or municipal officers J79% of fuch places. 8th. The fettlement ofthe balance now existing on the account of fuch exchanges of prifoners of war of both Coun tries, to have taken place from the commencement of hos tilities, to the day of the date hereof, fhall t>e deferred^ until the termination of the prefent war ; but it is clearly un- derftood, that all officers on both fides, who have been releafed, and permitted to, return to their refpetfive coun tries on parole, fince the commencement of the war, and who have not hitherto been regularly exchanged, are" not to ferve in any capacity ; either civil or military, until they fhall have been duly exchanged, for prifoners of equal ranks, according to their original engagements. ' - Done at the Tranfport Office, London, the 13th of September, 1798; ' Rupert George, Ambrose Serle, John Schank, John Marsh. ' Table of the correfponding Ranks in the Englifh and French Service, with their value in Men. RANKS IN THE NAVY. Kalue in French. Engliffi. men.' Vice-admiral, com-T *\ rrianding in chief, I Admiral commanding I , having the temporary f in chief. f 0 J Captain of a frigate. Mafters and comman ders, or captains hot poft, having rank as major.amongftwhomare included captains of fire fhips, who are mafters and com manders. the line j tinSiori. } Enfign. of a fhip of the j. line. ~] Lieutenant when all") the French fhall be J exchanged, and in L default of Englifh 1 lieutenants midfhip- ] j men. J Midfhipman, mafter of a merchant veffel, and captain of a pri vateer. Midfhipman, mafter of a merchant veffel, and captain of a pri vateer. Lieutenant of a mer-1 chant veffel, or priva- (. Mates, and all teer, and all petty I officers. officers. .-;'•' I §e^men, volunteers, and } Seamen, volunteers, and } others befog con- f others, . being con- C fidered as common i fidered as common C feamen. J feamen. ''^f% IS Lieutenant of a fhip of \ Lieutenant without dif- \ >- RANKS gO NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. fSi ' RANKS IN THE LAND SERVICE. ; • ¦ Value in French. Englifi. mm% General of " divifion "| Captain -general, of"T '^ commanding in chief./, field-marfhal. j ' General of divifion. General. 4° General of brigade Lieutenant general. , 30 Inferior to the preceding Major-general. 20 Superior to thetollowing Chief of brigade. Brigadier-general. 15 V Chief of battalion or> ColoneL \ 8 fquadron. J J Captain. Captain. ,6 Lieutenant. Lieutenant. 4 Sans Lieutenant. Enfign. 3 Non-commiffionedoffi-l Non-commiffioned offiO cers down to the rank V cers down to the rank V 2, of corporal inclufiye. } of corporal inclofive. J Soldiers. • Soldiers. '* . ' Rupert George, Ambrose Serle, • John Schank, John Marsh, ¦ Niou. A lift of the French prifoners in Great Britain with the, number of prifoners. confined in each prifon at the time above articles were agreed to. See page 85. Britifh prifoners in France, about 4000. A decree having been publifhed by the French Directory, declaring that all perfons, natives of or originally belong- .. ing fo neutral countries, or countries in alliance with France, who may form a part of the crews of any of the king s fhips of war, or any Britifh veffels, fhall be cOnfidered and treated as pirates. In confequence of which his Majefty^ on the 20th of November, directed it to be Signified to tt>f commiflary for the French prifoners in Great Britain, triat NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. gi if this decree fhall, in any inftance,- be carried into effect, AD- againft any fuch perfons taken in any veffels the property x79* of his Majefty, or of his Majefty's Subjects, and navigated under 'the Britifh flag, it is his Majefty's determination to exercife the moft vigorous retaliation againft the fubjedts of the French Republic, whom the chance of war has now placed, or may hereafter place at the king's difpofal. In the fpring a corps of Sea Fencibles was raifed on a plan propofed to the admiralty by Captain (now Sir Home Riggs) Popham, to be compofed of the fifhermen, and fea men employed in coafters, and other men employed on the water in the different harbours, rivers, and creeks' along the coaft. Thefe men were to be trained to the ufe of the pike, and exercifed at great guns if any where in the diftricL A poft captain and a certain number of commanders, ac- ' cording to the extent of the diftricl were appointed to command them. The pay and allowance to the poft cap tain was one pound ten fhillings perday, and five fhillings for a clerk, Stationary, and travelling ; the commanders twenty fhillings per day and an allowance of one fhilling and nine- pence more for contingencies. The men are granted pro tections from the captains of the diftrict and at each mufter or exercife receive one fhilling each. The following are the counties on the coaft of which the fea fertcibles are raifed, with a tolerable accurate ftatement of the numbers in each, viz. A Lift m NAVAL CHRONOLOGY.- A.D 1798" "<3 Is •5 0 c? . u oe -S* ON ** t~- S - .« ~ij ¦ g-s •S'§' *! ^ \ S . ^l'« g ~ s.s r. 1-, cu o ij <« *-,<; 1—, .E ' -2 c* a> Ert u> u Cu o so 18 » rt . 1^ 2 "5 -p s rt a o E O .a .BP" .?-J Eo £ IB Eo U-t U* Pn r-*»"\ r>A-i r-^—i. 00 C3 I"3 O o i .X ID ca ra aa — 2 »=> S^, hu o X: v^-v-O >— v-O >—i-^ •5I u cq &o o Ert V) c5' so co E rt a en rt ao H >^. 1- w rt as s .s ¦a s JJ'-u e J3u hJ' w ^ ^ Oa NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 93 ti- *5 &CJ 8 IE o c u JS — c « .£' C & o . -a *D CD ¦J- -c o eo o > ¦5 «? ra c _- ¦ ' _3> -a 1— • -a CM Ul3 J3 c o u 3 Cq « -a - W a. rt £ & i>, T3 M (4 5- CI •£ . ^ & ti -0 ¦< w Captain 04 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Captain .Cromwell was appointed to command on the x798 coaft of Suffex, from Emfworth to Beechy Head, vice George Berkeley promoted to'his-.flag, 1800; andw 1801, William O'B. Drury, vice Cromwell promoted; J. Ayl- mer from Beachy Head to Deal, vice H. R. Popham; Hon. , William Shields, vice Aylmer. - N ' In 180O, Edward O'Brien to command on the coaft of , , Eflex, vice Eliab Harvey, appointed Captain of the Tri umph. In 1801, Ifaac Schomberg, vice O'Brien removed to Hampfhire, vice Arthur Philip promoted to his flag. . In 1800, Henry Edwin Stanhope, vice Edward Buller appointed to command the Edgar. In 1801, James Keener, vice Stanhope promoted to his flag. In 1801, Hon. Chatfes Carpenter, vice Edward Ed-; wards promoted to his flag. s In iSoa, Richard Boger, vice ArthurKempe promoted t ; to his flag. Total Number of Men raifed on each Coaft. Suffex - - 814 Hampshire - - 379 Ifle of Wight. .- - 579 Devonfhre . - 1268 Dorfetfhire Kent ESfex Suffolk Cornwall Yorkshire 7343«9 1205, 1142 "43 OCCURRENCES AT AND -NEAR HOME.* - Oh the 1 ft of January, the court-martial which had been fitting on board the Circe frigate, in the river Med way from the 4rh of December laft, to try Captain Job - WilJ.amfon late of his Majefty's (hip Agincourt, upon charges exhibited againft him by CaptainLT homas Hopper of the marmes, for his condua in the adion of the nthof October laft; the court having heard the evidence on the , - - part NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. g5 part of the profecution, and the defence, together with all A.D. the evidence the prifoner chofe to bring forward ; and after *798 having weighed the whole maturely and deliberately, are of opinion, that the charges of cowardice and difaffeaion. have n'Dt been proved againft the faid Captain Williamfon. Tiiat the other charges have been proved in part, there fore the court pronounces the following fentence. "That the faid Captain John Williamfon he put at the bottom ofthe lift of poft captains, and be rendered in* incapable of eyer ferving on board any of his Majefty's Ships," , < " Signed, John Manley, Robert Parr, John Smith, Thomas Bertie, William Heywood, Sol. Ferris, Douglas, ' , Peard, H. Inman, J. LawfoRd." On the 5th, Captain Robert Carthew Reynolds, in La -Pomone, being on a cruife off Ufhant, at n o'clock at night, came up with a large fhip, which being deceived in the Strength of -La Pomone, had the temerity to ex change feveral broadfides with her, before fhe furrendered. • Captain Reynolds had fcarcely taken poffeffion of the prize and fhifted the prifoners ; when it was found that fhe had received fo much damage, as to make it neceffary for him to take his people on board again, and in a few minutes She funk. She proved to be La Cheri, mounting 26 guns,, &nd manned with. 230 men, of whom 12 were .killed, her commander Monf. Chaftin, and 21 iwounded, who with two others died the following day. La Pomone had one man killed and four wounded; her mails and rigging fo much difabled, that Captain Reynolds was under the ne- cefflry of returning to Falmouth to refit. On the 8th, Charles Crawley and Jofeph Robinfon, two feamen^ belonging to the Van Trump, were executed at Spithead, for mutiny on board that fhip, when on her paflage frorri the Cape of Good Hope, . \ On qQ NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. K.nf On the nth, the Ceriterusrtf 32 guns, Captain James 1798 Drew, anchored in Cawfand Bay from Cork, the wind then blowipg ftrong from the S. W. with a heavy fea. In the afternoon, the gale having abated; Captain Drew being anxious to deliver- his difpatches to the port admiral;, left the fhip, in his boat, accompanied by Captain James- King Pulling, late of the Penguin Sloop on the Irifli Sta'-' tion, who came paffenger in the Cerberus to join the' Hin- ' dbftan, fitting out in Hamoze, which fhip he was appointed1 to command as a poft captain. Mr. James Drew, afting lieutenant, Mr. Poore and Mr. Daily, midfhipmen, were alfo in the boat ; as they were paffing the bridge, a rocky ¦ Shoal paffage between St. Nicholas ifland and Mount Edge- ; combe,. the fwell of the, fea being much increafed by a' Strong ebb' tide ; it broke into the boat with fuch violence, that fheinflantly foundered ; and out of thirteen, only two feamen were faved ; thefe men not being able to fwirn, had Secured each an oar, by which means they were for?. tunately driven to the rocks at Mount Edgecombe. " On the fame day, the Racoon floop of War, Qaptain Robert Lloyd, captured, after a fhort running Sight, Le Policrate, French privateer of 16 guns," and 72 men; in which Mr. Kennedy,, the mafter, was killed, and four men wounded. - , Oh the 23d, Captain Graham Moore, in the Mel am pus of 36 guns, being on a cruize to the weftward, fell in with, and after a fhort, but clofe aftion, captured La Volage, French corvette, fitted out by the merchants of Nants, mounting 20 nine pounders, 2 eighteen pounders, 195 men, commanded by M. Defagenaux, captain' of a frigate, fhe had four, men killed and eight wounded. ' The Melampus' two mortally wounded, and three more dangeroufly. On the 25th, Vice . Admiral Sir* Charles Thompfon. failed from St. Helen's on a cruize to the weftward, with if detachment of the Channel fleet.* ©,n the i^th of February, a fquadron of frigates failed on a. cruize, under the command of t,he Honourable Cap- tain Robert Stopford.t - . ' , * Appendix, Chap. II. Nq. 357. . 'n,_ -S/"'?u Guris.r Commanders. f Phaeton., - 38 Hon. R. Stbpf6rd. t^i^V " 38 Cha- Rowley- La Nymph;, - . s6 p. Frafer. Mermaid, ... 32 James Newman. sy'Ph» - - 16 J.C.White. O NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 07 On the 25th Lieutenant Charles Webb, in the Co- A.D. bourg cutter, about 16 leagues from Corunna, after a l79% chace of nine hours, in a hard gale of wind from the N. W.^ and a fmart running aaion of two hours, clofe along- fide ofthe enemy, captured La Reverche, F,rench privateer lugger, of 16 guns, and 62 men. 1 n the engagement the > enemy made two attempts to board the Cobourg, in both of which he was repulfed. Soon after, his main and mizen mad being Shot away, he called for quarter, and Surrendered, with the lofs of feven men-killed, and eight wounded. The lugger had received fo much damage that fhe funk; the Cobourg had two men wounded. On the 8rh of March the fquadron cruizing off L'Ifle Dieu, under the command of Sir John Borlafe Warren, intercepted a convoy of the enemy's, a part of which was captured, laden with naval ftores and provifions from Roch- fort, bound to Breft. On the 14th Sir John Warren anchored the fquadron near Bafque Road, and difp^tched the boats in purfuit of fome veffels which were in the Per- tius D Antioche; they brought out five Ships and four chaffe marees* laden with provi'"on,.. Qn the 22d the fquadron chafed a iarge French frigate, which at twelve at night Cap tain Stopford, in the Phaeton, brought to aaion; but the enemy running into fhoaL water, he' was obliged to haul off. She endeavoured to effea' her efcape into the river Garonne; in doing of which fhe Struck upon the Olive Rocks, ^ear the Cordovan Light-houfe, having previoufly thrown all ner guns <6ver>oard. ., On the 24th Captain Payne failed with a fquadron from St. Helens, torelieve Sir J. B. Warren*. After encoun tering much bad weather, in which feveral of the Ships fe- . parated, and capturing a few fmall privateers, Captain Payne returned on the 16th of April to Spithead. In fhe fame month, Sir Richard John Strachan in the Diamond, with the Hydra, Capt. Sir Francis Laforey, at- * Stops. Guns. 'Commanders. L'lmpetueux 76 Capt. J. W. Payne Canada • 7-4 St. Fiorenzo 40. Sir H. B.Neale Anton 44 P. C. (Durham , 'Phaeton 38 _ Hon. R. Stopford Lafrymphe , 36' P. Frater' Merrrjaid 32- John Newman Sylph (brig) 16 J. C.White Cygnet (cutter) 14 Lt. D.JlamUoe Vol. III. ', H tacked Q8' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. tacked' a confiderable fleet of the enemy's gun-boats -off" 1798 Havre, attempting to effea their paffage .along Shore to 1 Breft, one of which he funk, after a brifk fire, and-forced the remainder to take proteaion under the batteries-, at the entrance of Havre. Sir Richard flood fo cjofe in, that the Diamond was run aground, but fortunately got off, without having fuftained any material damage. On the 4th of April the Pallas frigate, commanded, by the- Hon. Capt. Henry Curzon, parted her cables ina'heavy gale of wind in Plymouth Sound, and drove on Shore be tween Mount Batten'and the Withy Hedge; the gale blew with fuch. violence, attended with a tremendous fea, that no poSfible affiftance could be afforded her; and it was for a confiderable time doubtful whether any of the crew could be faved. But the fhip fortunately fwung round, and heeled .over to the Shore, ty which means her people were fh el-. tered from the breakers, and were enabled to reach the land on the ebb tide, excepting one man who was killed by the falling of the maSts. The Ship and a great part of the flores were entirely loft. On the 9th of April Sir Roger Curtis failed with a fqua dron from Cawfand Bay, to cruize off the coaft of Ireland; and on the 12th, Admiral Lord Bridport failed from St. He lens, to cruize off Breft*. ** On the 2 1 ft Captain Alexander Hood in the Mars, was direaed^by Signal from Lord Bridport, to chace a flrapge fail feen in fhore, which, on his approach, he obferved toba an enemy's fhip ofthe line, and that fhe was endeavouring to efcape through the paffage Du Raz; but the tide proving contrary, and the wind eafterly, obliged her to anchor at' ' the mouth of the paffage: this afforded Captain Hood an opportunity of attacking her, which he performed in a moft ' noble and gallant manner, laying the Mars fo clofe along-, • fide' the enemy, as to unhinge feveral ofthe lower deck '. ports. In this fituation a moft bloody conflia commenced, ' and continued an hour and an half, when She furrendered. Towards, the clofe of the battle Captain Hood received a v wound in the thigh, which proved mortal ; he ¦Jived to re ceive the joyful news of the enemy's fubmiflion, and ex- • .pired covered with immortal glory. She proved to be L'Hercule of 74 guns, and 700 men, the firft time of her being at fea, from L'Orient, to join the " * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 358! and 359. Breft NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 90 Breft fleet. The carnage on board the enemy's fhip. muft A..D- have been dreadful, upwards of 400 men were killed and * 79$ wounded; her hull on the larboard fide was Shockingly burnt and torn to pieces. The lofs fuflained by the Mars amounted to 17 killed, 5 died of -their wouhdS, 60 wounded, and 8 miffing, in all 90. Among: the flain, befides Captain Hood, were Captain Jofeph White of the marines, and Mr. James Blythe, mid shipman : wounded, George Argles, third lieut. though badly wounded, never- quitted the deck ; . G eorge Arnold Ford, fifth lieutenant, and Mr. -Thomas Southey, mid fhipman*. On the 5th of May, Captain Sir Sidney Smith, who had ' been a long time confined a clofe prifoner in the Temple at Paris, effeaed his efcape in an open boat from Havre de Grace, he was picked up by the Argo frigate, Captain, J. Bowen, and landed at Portfmouth. M. Bergfiret; ' cap tain of the Virginie French frigate, who had been cap tured by Sir Edward Pellew, was permitted by the Britifh government, fome time previous to Sir Sidney;s efcape, to go to France, and endeavour to negotiate an exchange be tween himfelf and that officer; but being unable to fucceed, he returned to England. The'objea of M. Bergeret's rnif- Sion being now atttained, he received a letter from the Se cretary of State, Signifying that his Majefty was-gracioufly, pleafed, confidering the trouble to which he had been put, and as a mark of the 1 fatisfaaion his condua had afforded, ' ' reftored to him his liberty, and permitted him to return to his country, without any reftriaion whatever. * The Blip's company of the Mars erefted a monument in the church -yard at Stoke, near Plymouth, in memory of two of their com rades, who died at the hofpital, of 'their wounds, with the following jnfcription : ,'" This monument " To thememoryofJa'mesHinde, iged 30, and John Fitter, aged r 22, feamen, who died of, the wounds they received in the glorious ac tion between the Mars 74, and L'Herciile 74, French man of war, 21ft April,' 1798, in defence of their king and country, is ereftcd at the fqle expence of the fhip's company, as a tribute of regard for the!* deceafed companions in arms." ' H 2 The . 100 ' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. *" A;rj; The following • fingular and inter effing Account of the 1 ' ^ ' Efcape of Sir Sidney Smith, is given in a late Publication, entitled Secret Anecdotes of the i%th of Fruclidor, (Sept. ¦ .4>J797-. When I was taken at fea, (faid the gallant commodore,) I was accompanied by my Secretary, and M. Tr , a French gentleman who had emigrated from his country; and who, it had been agreed, was to pafs for my fervant, in the hope of Saving his life by that difguife; nor were our expeaations fruftrated ; for John, as I called him, was lucky enough to efcape all fufpicion. On my arrival in France, 1 was treated at firft with un exampled rigour, and was told I ought to be tried under, a military commiffion, and fhot as a fpy. The government, however, gave orders -for my removal to Paris, where I was fertt to the Abbaye, and, together with my two comr panions in misfortune, was kept a clofe prifoner: mean-, while the means of efcape were the conftant objea on wbkh we employed our minds. The window of our prifon was towards the ftreet, and from this circumftance we derived a hope fooner or- later to effea our objea. We already. contrived to carry a tacit and regular correspondence by means of Signs with fome women "who could fee us If you were under fentence of death, I would permit you to go out on your parole, becaufe - II 4 I Should 104 /NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. I Should be certain of your return. Many very honeffi *798 prifoners, and I myfelf among the reft, would not return in the like cafe; but an officer, and especially an officer of diftinaion, holds his honour dearer than his life : I know it to be a fadl, commodore, and therefore I Should be the lefs > uneafy if you defired the gates to be always open." My keeper was right while I enjoyed my liberty : I en deavoured to lofe fight of thp idea of my efcape : and I fhould have been averfe toemployi for that objea, means that had occurred to my imagination during my hours of liberty. One day I received a letter containing matter of great importance, which I had foe ftrongeft defire immedi ately to read ; but as the contents related to my intended deliverance, I afked leave to return to my room and break off the truce. The keeper, however, refuted, faying, with a laugh, that he wanted to take fome fleep; accordingly he lay down, and I poftponed the perufal of my letter to the evening. . ; Meanwhile no opportunity of flight offered'; but on the contrary the Direaory. Ordered me to be treated with rigour. The keeper punaually obeyed all the orders he received j and he, who the preceding 'evening had granted me the greateft liberty, now doubled my guard, in order to exer cife a more perfea vigilance. Among the prifoners, was a man condemned for certain political offences, to ten years confinement ; and whom all the other prifoners fufpea'ed of acting' in the deteftable ca pacity of a fpy on his companions. Their fufpicions indeed: appeared to have fome foiCidation, and I felt the greateft; anxiety on account of -ay f< iend John. I was however for tunate enough foon after co obtain his liberty ; an exchange " ' of prifoners being about to take place, I applied to have my fervant included in the cartel ; and though this requeft .might eafily have beerl r'efufed, fortunately no difficulty arofe, and. it was granted Wheri .the day of his departure arrived, py kind and affeaionate friend could fearcely be prevailed1 • upon to leave me," till at length he yielded to my moft eaf- neft entreaties. We parted with tears in our' eyes, which to me were the tears of pleafure-, ' becaufe my friend was leaving a fituation of the greateft danger. The amiable jockey 'was regretted by every one; our turnkeys drank a good journey to him; nor could the, girt, he had courted help weeping for his. departure; while her, mother NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 105 mother, who thought John a very good youth, hoped the, A.D. fhould one day- call' him her fon-fn-law. I was foon in- 1798 formed of his arrival in London, and this circumftante ren dered my own captivity lefs painful. I fhould have been . happy alfo to have exchanged my fecretary ; but as he had no other dangers to encounter than thofe which were com mon to us both, he always rejected the idea, confidering it as a violation of that friendship of which he has given me fo many proofs. -On the 4th ot September (18th FruftidorJ the rigour of my confinement was ftili itirther increafed. The keeper, wh-jfe name vas Lafme, was difplaced, 1 was again kept dole prifoner, and, together with my liberty, -loft ![)¦: h< pes of a peace which I had thought approaching ant; which this event muft contribute to poffpone. , At ,hic time a propofal was made to me- for my efcape, which I adopted as my laft refourtej The plan was to have forged orders drawn up for my remqval to another prifon, and then to carry me off. A French' gentleman, M. de Phelipeaux*, a man of equal intrepidity arid gene rofity, offered to execute this enterprize. The order then- being accurately imitated, and, by means of' a, bribe, the real (tamp of the minifter's Signature procured, nothing re mained but to find men bold enough to put the plan in ex ecution. Phelipeaux and C. L. Otfeau would have eagerly undertaken it, but both being known, and even notorious , at the temple, it was abfolutelv neceffary to employ others. . .' Meffrs. B and L thereSoie„ both men of tried courage accepted the offer with pleaturt- and alacrity. With this order then they came to the Temple, Mr. B in the drefs of an adjutant, and Mr. L as an officer. The keeper having perufed the order "and atten- ' lively examined the nliniftcr's fignature, went into another room, leaving my two deliverers for fome time in the cruelleft- uncertainty and fufpence; at length, he returned, accompanied by the regifter (or greffier) of the prifon, and ordered me to be called. • When the regifter informed me' of the orders of the Directory I pretended to be very much concerned at ir, but the adjutant affured ine in the moft ferious manner; " that the government were very far from intending to.aggravate rny misfortunes, and that 1 fhould be * Afterwards accompanied Sir S.Smith to Egypt, and died at the fege of Acre. 1 ve]7 106 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A-D. vaqr, comfortable at the place whither he was ordered tri *?$8 condua me. I expreffed my gratitude to all the fervants , employed about the prifon ; and, as you may imagine, was not very long i'n packing up my clothes. At my return, the regifter obferved that at leaft fix men •from the guard* muft accompany me; and the adjutant, •without being in the leaft confounded, acquiefced in the juftice of the remark, and gave orders for them to be called out. , But on reffeaion, and remembering as it were the laws of chivalry and of honour, he addreffed me, faying, "Commodore, you are an officer, I am an officer alfo; . your parole will be enough. Give me that and I have no need of an efcort." " Sir," replied I, " if that is fuffici-- ent, I fwear on the faith of an officer to accompany you i wherever you choofe to condua me." Every one applauded this noble' aaion, while I confefs I hadmyfelf great diffi culty to avoid fmiling. The keeper now afked fqir a dis charge, and the regifter gave the book to Mr. B -, who boldly figned it with a proper flourifh, L. Oger, Adjutant- General. Meanwhile I employed the attention ofthe ; turnkeys, and loaded them with favours to prevent "them from having time to reffea, nor indeed did they feem to have any other thought than their own advantage. The regifter and keeper accompanied us as far as the Second • court, and at length the laft gate was opened, and" we left them after a long interchange of ceremony and pojite- ne/s. We inftantly entered art hackney coach, and the adjutant £ ordered the coachman to drive to the fuburb of St. Germain. But the ftupid fellow had not gone a hundred paces before he broke his wheel ..againft a poft, and, hurt an unfortunate paffenger. - This unlucky accident brought a crowd, about us, who were very angry at the injury the poor fellow had fuftairied ;' we quitted the coach, took our portmanteaus in our hands, and went off in an inftant. Though the. peo ple obferved us much, they did not fay a word to us only abufing trie coachman. And when our driver. demanded his fare, Mr. , through an inadvertency that mighty have caufed us to be arretted, gave him a double louis d'or, '.> Having feparated when we quitted the carriage, I arrived" , at the appointed rendezvous with oply my fecretary and M. de Phelipeaux, who had joined us near the prifon, and though- I was very defirous of waiting for my two friends to thank , and NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. J07 and take my leave of them, M. de Phelipeaux obferved A.D- there was "not a moment to be loft. I therefore poftponed 1798 till another opportunity my expreffion of gratitude to'my deliverers, and we immediately fet off for Rouen, where Mr. R*** had made every preparation for our reception. At Rouen we were obliged to flay feveral days, and as our pafspotts were perfeaiy regular, we did not take much care to conceal ourfelves, but in the evening we walked about the town or took the air on the banks of the Seine. Atlength; every thing being ready for us to crofs the chan nel, we quitted Rouen and without encountering any further dangers, I arrived, in London, together with my Secretary and my friend Mr.' Phelipeaux, who could not prevail oh himfelf to leave us. On the 6th, Lieutenant Charles Papps Price who com manded at the iflands of St. Marcou*, having obferved the enemy's gun and. flat boats, in the road of La Hogue, ma king preparations to come out, concluded that an attack was meditated againft him. To prevent being furprized he difpatched a guard-boat off La Hogue to watch their motions, and give the earlieft intelligence of their approach. At twelve o'clock at night the guard-boat made, the fignal that the enemy was advancing. The- weather was calm and fo extremely dark that the people on the batteries could diftinaiy hear them giving orders, although it was impof- ¦fible to fee their veffels. At day light Lieutenant Price obferved them drawn up in a line oppofite the fouth-wefl face of the weftern redoubt, from whence he immediately opened a heavy and well direaed fire from fevonteen pieces of Cannon ; which was as warmly returned by the enemy's gun-brigs, their flat boats rowing up with great refolution, full of troops, under the cover of their fire. When they had approached to within mufket fhot_of the fhore, they were Saluted by, fuch' a furious voftey of round, grape, and cafe'.fhot, that they retreated in the greateft confufion, and with dreadful Slaughter ; fix or feven of the boats were funk with moft of thofe on board; one-was found on fhore bot tom upperrhoft, and by a paper found on board her, the crew appeared to have confifted of 144 men. The re- * Thefe iflands were taken poffeffion of by Sir Sidney Smith in the year 1795, f°r tne purpofe of obtaining information from France and affifting.the Royalifts. They are about four miles from the coaft of •Normandy. mainder, 108 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. ; A.D. mainder, 43, retired in the utmbft diforder back to La 1798 Hogue; at the commencement of the aaion their force amounted to 52, and it was fuppofed at leaft 6ooo,or ypoo men were embarked on board this flotilla. The Adamant, Eurydice, and Orefles. were within 6' rt1 miles of the iflands; but being becalmed, and the tide againft them, they could not render any afllftance. The only, lofs fuflained, was 1 man killed ahrJ, 3 wounded. • For this gallant defence, Lieutenant Price was pro- 'mbted to the rank of mafter and commander. Government having received intelligence, that, the ene- * my had colkaed a great number of gun boats, and tranf- port fchtiyts at Flufhing, which were intended to be fen't , to Dunkirk and Oftend, by the Brugefs canal; formed a plan for the deftruaion of the bafi-n' gates and Sluices. For' this purpofe? a fquadron chiefly compofed of fmall veffels of war and gun boats, was ordered to affemble at Margate, and there to take on board a body of about 2000 troops * under the orders of Major General Coote.* On the 14th of May, the fquadron which was commanded j by Captain Home Riggs Popham, proceeded to the place of its destination, which.it did not reach until one o'clock- on -, the .morning of the iotb, when it anchored off Oftend,,; foon afterwards the wind fhifted to the weft, and threatened to blow fo much, that, the General and, Captain Popham were deliberating whether it would not be better to go, to, , fea, and wait a more favourable opportunity, to put in execution foe objea of the expedition ; juft at'this moment a veffel was brought to Captain Popham which had been cut out from under the light-houfe battery by the Vigilant; the report which the people, taken on board, gave, of the force in Oftend, Newport, and Brugefs ; made General Coote propofe to land • immediately, and accomplifh the ' deftruaion of the canals, even if the furf, which broke with much vfolence on the Shore,' fhould make his re- , treat doubtful. Captain Popham "acceded to the general's Spirited proportion, and inftantly ordered the troop's -to be landed, without waiting for the regular order ' of debark ation. Many >of 'them were on Shore before they were dif- t * Appendix, Chap. II. No. j6o. ! , covered. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 100 covered ; and it was not tijl a quarter paft four, that the A.D. enemy's -batteries opened on the fhips, which was returned 1798 in a moft fpirited manner by Captain Mortlock, ofthe Wol- yereene, Lieutenant Edmonds of the Afp, and Lieutenant Norman ofthe Biter. The Hecla, and Tartarus bombs threw their Shells with much precifion, that the town was on fire feveral times, and the Ships in the bafin much damaged. As a feint to cover the operations of bringing up the ma terials, and of destroying the fluices, a fummons was fent to the commandant of Oftend to furrender the town and its dependencies to his Majefty's forces; to which he re turned the following anfwer. " Mufcar, Commandant of Offend, to the Commander in Chief of the Troops of- his Britannic Majefty" Liberty. Ecjuality. " Garrifon of Oftend, jpth threat, 6th year of the Republic." " General, 1 " The, council of war was fitting when 1 received the honour of your letter ; we have unanimoufly refolved not to furrender this place, until we Shall have been buried under its ruins." (« Signed,) " MuSCAR* " Commandant ofthe Garrifon." The troops ordered to land, were all on Shore by 5 o'clock, with the neceffary implements for destroying the fluices, covered by the gun'boats,. The' fire from the bat teries had much damaged. the veffels oppofed to them; Gap- tain Popham therefore called them off, and , direaed the Dart, Harpy, and Kite, to take their Stations ; but it being low water, they could not get near enough to have much effea. At half paft ninej the Minerva tranfpprt, which had parted company, joined ; but the Surf ran too high to make it fafe or practicable for the troops fhe had on board • toland. At 20 minutes paft ten, a great ' explofion was feen, which indicated the deftruafon ofthe fluices ;, and foon after tha troops were obferved to be affembled on the fand hills near the fhore ; at thi's time the fea was fo rough, thai 110 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY.' A.D. that it. Was impoffible to re-embark a fingle man. In this *7°8 fituation the troop's lay on their arms the whole night, » At day-break, on the 20th, General Coote had the morti fication to find that the enemy had colfeaed-in confide rable force, and Surrounded his little army ; he however, maintained .his poft with great gallantry for above two hours, when being Severely wounded, and feeing no pro- fpea of extricating himfelf from his fituation, with the lofs of feveral valuable officers, and many of his beft men ; he felt himfelf under the neceffity of capitulating. General Coote, in his difpatches, fpeaks highly of the indefatigable .exertions and good condua of Captains Winthrop, Brady, and M'Kellar, and Lieutenant Bradly of the navy, who Superintended the landing of the troops, and aflifted in gett ing up the artiljery, arid other materials; and for fome time commanded a detaehment of feamen on ¦ Shore/ The lofs Sustained in this expedition, amounted to two midfhip-, men, and 11 feamen killed: 3 wounded doing duty ort Shore ,- On board .the Wolvereene, 1 Seaman killed, 10 wounded. 23d Regiment, 1 killed, 5 wounded'. On ' board the Afp, 1 feaman killed, Lieutenant Edmonds Wounded. In the army, about 60 were killed and wounded ; among, the firft was Lieutenant Colonel Hely, ofthe nth regi ment. Wounded, Major General Coote, Colonel Camp bell, 3d Guards (fince dead), Major Donkin, Captain Walker, Royal Artillery (fince dead), Captain Duff 3d ' Guards. . The number taken prifoners, exclufive of Captain M'Kellar, and fome feamen belonging to ' the navy, amounted to 58 officers, 77 non-commiffioned officers, and 999 rank and file. On the 1 ft of May, Captain Sir Francis Laforey, in the Hydra, .in company with the Vefuvius bomb, and Trial - cutter, being on a cruize off Havre de, Grace,, gave.chaqe.- to a French frigate, a corvette, and cutter. The former endeavoured to effea her efcape into. Havre; but being hard preffed by the _Hydra, and after engaging her for three quarters of an hour ranafhore, arid was deftroyed. ' the following morning by the boats of the Hydra, under coyer of the Trial ;" fhe proved to be La Confiante of 36 guns, and by a role d'equipage found on board, ' manned with 300 men, feveral of whom were found killed upon her . ' decks ; NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. Ill decks, the reft of the crew eftaped on Shore. The cor- A.D. vette La Vefuive, of 20 guns, efcaped; but the cutter was l19s driven on fhore arid deftroyed. This Service was efffeaed without any lofs onboard. the-Britifh fhips. On the 19th of June, Captain Sir "Thomas Williams being on a cruize with a fquadron of frigates, off the en trance of St. George's Channel* ; received information that , , the king's- troops intended to commence their attack on the rebels at Wexford, on the 20th or 21ft; and conceiving that the appearance of his Majefty's fhips would greatly facilitate the operations of the army, as well as cut off the retreat of the. rebels by fea; inftantly proceeded off that place. On his arrival there; he difpatched five cutters, and the fhips launches armed, under ' the command of Lieute nant Carpenter, to -block up the entrance of the harbour in which the rebels had colkaed 40 or 50 armed veffels and others, in order to Secure a retreat if hard preffed. On the 2 1 ft, the fquadron was joined by the Chapman, armed Ship, and Weazle floop; thefe Ships being of an eafier draft of water, Sir Thomas Williams direaed their commanders to anchor clofe in, fo as to cover the cutters and launches. At the fame ,time he ordered Captain Kejen, of the Chap man, to land and endeavour to p'offefs" himfelf of the fort at the entrance of the harbour, which frequently fired ort the veffels ; this fervice he performed with great prompt- nefs and alacrity; carried the fort, and put the rebels, in number 200, to flight, leaving behind them the colours flying, and three fix pounders. The launches immediately proceed ed up the. harbour, and on their arrival off the town, foundP that the king's troops had entirely defeated the rebel?, taken two of their generals, Hay and Roche, prifoners, and were in full poffeffion ofthe town. The fquadron deftroyed about IOO large boats and veffels along the Coaft, which the re bels had preServed for their efcape. ¦' At 7 o'clock in the morning, of the 29th of June, Captain Charles Stirling, "in the Jafon, with the Pique, Captain David Milne, and the Mermaid, Captain James Newman, being on a cruize off the Saintes ; difcovered, Stops. * Endym'ion Guns. Commanders. 44 ' Capt. Sir Tho. Williams. Phoenix 3« L. W. Half-lead. Glenmore 36 Geo. Duff. Melampus / - 36 Gra. Moore. Greyhound ' - 32 James Young.' and 112 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. and gave chace to a large French frigate; it was not till J798 n at, night, that La Pique brought her to clofe" aaion, which continued in a brifk running fight, until a o'clock on the mornihg of the 30th, when unfortunately the main rop-maft of La Pique wa,s fhot away, and fhe dropt a-flern; at this jnftant the Jafon came up, paffed between the two Ships, and recommenced the. aaion with great vigour • Soon after both fhips ran aground warmly engaged,' that of the enemy completely difmafted. The Jafon hav ing only taking the ground forward ; upon the rife ofthe tide, unavoidably fwuhg round with her ,ftern clofe to the enemy's broadfide, and became expofed to a raking fire, which did her confiderable damage: Captain Stirling, how ever got fome of the aftermoft guns to play upon her with ' fuch effea, that in a few minutes She Struck. In the mean time Captain Milne eager to renew the combat, and not '' hearing himfelf hailed from the Jafon, fan a- ground with1 fuch violence, that La Pique bilged, and it was found neceffary to deftroy her ; upon which Captain Stirling direaed- her officers and crew to take poffeffion of the prize, ¦> which with much difficulty, and by great perfeverance and adtivity, .they accomplifhed and got a-float, She proved to be La Seine, commanded by Capitaine Brejot, from the ifle of France, bound to L'Orient, mounting, 42 guns, ,18 and 9 pounders,' manned with 6 ro men, including fol diers, 170 of whom were killed, and 100 wounded. Cap tain Newman in fhe Mermaid, although not able to arrive up in time to'partake in the action, bad the fatisfaaion by his feamanlike condua to be instrumental in preferving the Jafon from beiqg wrecked. At day-light, the Phaeton, ' St. Fiorenzo, and Triton, hove in fight, and run down to the afliftance of the difabled Ships. The Slain on board the JaSon amounted to 7, among the number was Mr. Robotier, 2d Lieutenant. Wounded 12; among thefe was Captain Stirling early in , in the aaion ; his place was ab'ly maintained by Mr. Charles Ingles, the ift Lieutenant. La Pique had 1 man killed, and 6 wounded, and I miffing. La Seine' was taken info the fervice, and Captain Milne appointed to command her. ' ' , On the 1 2th of July, two feamen were executed at Spit; head belonging to the Adamant, for mutiny on board that Ship. On NAVAL CHKONOLOGY. ] 13 On the 14th, two more men were alfo executed for having A. D. endeavoured to feize his Majefty's gun veffel Haughty, and "798 deliver her up to the enemy; arid on the 21ft another was executed for mutiny on board the Pluto. Oo the 14th Commodore Blanket in the Leopard, with the Daedalus, Captain H. L. Ball, and the Oreftes brig, Captain Haggit, Sailed for the Cape of Good Hope. The night of the 3d of Auguft beirig extremely had, at tended with heavy rain, and vivid lightning, Captain Sir Charles Hamilton judged it a proper opportunity to attack , a French. brig corvette, and feveral veffels under her protec tion and that of the fott, in the port of Garigton, near the( Ifle Bafs ; he accordingly at ten o'clock difpatched the boats of the Melpomerie.and Childers floops, under the command of Lieutenant .Shdrtland, covered by the latter veffel, to make the- attempt.' At three o'clock in the morning on the 4th, -the boats boarded and carried the brig, but not with out much refiftance. The forts at the inlet, being by'this, time alarmed, and the wind blowing frefh in, they were obliged to relinquish any attempt on the merchant veffels. The intricaGy of the paffage made it doubtful whether they would be able to carry off the corvette : however, after much perfeverance and gallantry, working to windward for two hours, under a heavy fire from the batteries, they fortu nately fucceeded, with the lofs, of only one man killed, two midftiipmen and three feamen wounded, and one miffing. The corvette proved to be L'Aventurier, commanded' by- M. Raffy/of 1 2 guns and 79 men, 16 of whom, were badly wounded. On the 12th the Hazard floop of war, Captain Butter field, being on a cruize to the* weftward of Cape Clear, fell in with, and after a brifk aaion,, which lafted one hour and forty rhiriutes, captured Le Neptune French fhip, ar- mee en flute, pierced for 20 guns, but had only 10 mount ed, '53 feamen, and 270 foldiers from the Ifle of France, bound to Breft; fhe had between 20 and 30 men killed and wounded ; the Hazard had 6 wounded. On the 14th Lieutenant Lionel Hill, commanding the Jofeph cutter, was tried by a court martial on board the Gladiator at Portfmouth Harbour, on charges exhibited againft him by Captain Butt, for difrefpea and difobe- dience of orders, in not appearing in his uniform when on Shore in a fea-port. The charges being proved, Lieute- Vol. III. 1 nant 114 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY* A.D. nant Hill was fentenced by the Court to be difmiffed from !798 the command of the Jofeph, and to be placed at the bot tom of the lieutenant's lift. „ , >¦ On the 22d of Auguft three French frigates appeared off the N. W. coaft of Ireland, and having landed a body of about 850 troops, under the command, of General .Hum bert, at Killala, flood to fea. The French General being joined by fome Irifh rebels, marched to Caftlebar, where on the 27th he attacked the Britifh forces 'under General Lake, and compelled them to retreat with the lofs of fix pieces of cannon, and fome prifoners. On the 31ft Gene-, ' " ral Humbert iffued a proclamation appointing a governor , to the province of Connaught, and inviting the Irifh rebels to join the French Standard : from Caftlebar he proceeded; towards Tuam; but by this time the Marquis Cornwallis - had colfeaed a confiderable body of troops, advanced upon the French army, and on the 8th obliged the French ge neral to furrender at discretion. ' > On the 18th of September nineteen men belonging1 to the Defence, were .fentenced" by a court martial, hehS on board the Gladiator, at Portfmouth, to fuffer death for mu- " tiny (fix of whofn were recommended to mercy), and fix others to be flogged and imprifoned. On the nth of Oaober, the Jafon frigate of 38 guns, - Captain Charles Stirling, being in purfuitof a French con voy between Breft and Cape Ray, ftruck upon a rock' with fuch force, as to baffle every exertion of her officers and men in their endeavours to get her off; She in confequence foon filled : the crew got on fhore, and furrendered themfelves prifoners of war, excepting fix, whom Captain Stirling/ permitted to take the cutter, by which means they effefled / / their efcape, and arrived fafe at Plymouth on tfie 15th, bringing the unwelcome news of the lofs of the Ship. , ' ' On the 9th of Oaober, eleven men belonging to the Gloirjr, were tried by a court martial at Plymouth, for 'mti-' tiny,' and the following fentence pronounced upon them; eight to fuffer death, two to receive 100 lathes each, to be tnniaed of all their pay, and twelve months folitary con finement \ and one to receive 200 lathes, mulcted of His pay, and twelve months fol itary.v confinement. Commodore Sir John Borlafe Warren being on a cruize rffTory Ifland, in quefl of the French fquadron, which, he had certain intelligence, h^d failed from JBrefl with a ¦ ¦ large NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 115 large body of troops on board for the purpofe of making a A.D, defcent on the coaft oflreland, was joined on the i oth of ' 79^ Oaober by the Arrielia frigate, from whofe commander he learnt that he had parted from the Ethaliqn, Anfon and Sylph, which had continued with great attention to wauh the motions of the encjny's fquadron fince its departure from Breft, on the 17th ult. On the following morning the commodore was joined by the above fhips, and at noon theenerny was di (covered, confiding of one fhip of the line, eight frigates, a fchooner, and a brig*. Sir John Warren immediately made the fignal for a general chace, which was continued all day and the following night, in extreme unfettled and boifterous weather, during which the Anfon loft her mizen mafl. At five o'clock on the morning of the 12th, the enemy was feen'a little diftance to windward, the line of battle fhip with her main top-maftgone. Theene rny, notwithftanding, bore down, and formed their line in clofe order on the, flarboard tack. From the length of the , chace, and in unfavourable weather, the Britiih fquadron becaime much fpread, - and it was feven o'clock before' Sir- John Warren had his fhips fufficientlycolleaed,*when he made the fignal for the Robuft to lead, and the. reft to form in fucceffion. At 20 minutes paft feven, Captain Tbornborough commenced the aaion, and was fo ably fup ported byCaptairi-De Courcy, in the Magnahimej that at eleven, the Hoche, after a moft gallant defence, 'Struck, upon which the frigates made fail, and were clofely pur- fued for five hours, in a fmart running fight, when after an obflinate refiftance, three of them Surrendered: thefe were La Bellone, La Coquille of 40 each, and L'Ambuf- cade of 36 guhs. Captain Moore in the Melampus, parted company in the chace ; ,and at midnight, on the 13th, came up with La Refolue of 40 guns, and 500 feamen and fol diers ; Which ftruck after a conteft of twenty-five mi nutes. L'Immortalite of 44 guns was in company, but made off fo foon as She faw the fate of her confort, without having rendered her any affiflance. The loSs Sustained by theenerny on the 12th and 13th, amounted to*68 killed, and 11 8 wounded; that of the Bri tifh 3 killed, and 35 woundedt. * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 361. f Appendix, Chap. II. Noj 361. I 2 After Il6 .NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. After the aaion, the Robufl and Magnanime continued 1 798 with the prizes, the reft of the fquadron having feparated in thechace. The difabled ftate of thefe Ships,; in addition to theJevere weather which they encountered, created a con siderable degree of alarm for their fafety. The Robufl and ' LaHoche put into Lough S.willy, where they refitted, and from thence failed to Plymouth; while the Magnanime, with L'Ambufcade and La Coquille, were obliged to pro ceed round the north of Ireland ; and after flopping at "Bel- ' Safl to repair their damages, alfo reached Plymouth. On the morning of the ,15th tfie Mermaid, La Revolu- tionnaire, and the Kangaroo brig, commanded by Captains Newman, Twyfden, and Brace, on their way to join the Caefar off Black Cod Bay, fell in with, and chaced two of the enemy's frigates, which in the evening hailed each other, and then- fleered different courfes : this unavoidably feparated the Mermaid and Revolutionaire, the Kangaroo following the firft. The weather during the night being thick and fqually, they loft fight of the chace ; the next morning, fhe was .again feen. and purfued. At three in the afternoon the Kangaroo came up with,' and .engaged the enemy in a moft gallant manner ; but an unlucky Shot from the eneiny'-s ftern-cbafers, carrying away her fore-top-mafl, rendered Captain Brace incapable of purfuit. Captain Newman continued the chace, keeping fight of her during - the night; at -day-light it appeared evident that the enemy meant to give him battle ; and from her being full of troops, that it was her intention to board the Mermaid ; especially as he Suffered her to approach clofe alongfide without annoy- ' ance. At a quarter before feven o'clock the a&ion com menced, both Ships fleering before the wind ; it was maintained with great-gallantry on both fides till about half paft nine, when the Mermaid's mizen-maft and main-top- maft being Shot away, the wreck of which rendered feveral ofthe aftermoft guns ufelefs ; and having alfo received fome ' dangerous Shot in the hull, which occafioned the Ship to make a great deal of water ; the remaining mafts tottering^ with moft of the Standing and funning rigging cut to pieces, . Captain Newman found himfelf under the neceffity to relin- ^ quifh the Combat, and fuffer his antagonift to makeoff, who appeared equally difabled with himfelf; the flaughter muft have been very confiderable, as they were perceived throw-, '/ ing NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. H7 ing overboard a great number of killed. , The Mermaid had a.d. only three killed, and thirteen wounded. '~9& At day-light in the morning ofthe l8th, Captain Dur ham, in the Anfon, with the Kangaroo in company, disco vered the fame enemy's frigate to leeward, with the lofs of her fore and main-top-mafts ; the Anfon was without her mizen maft and main yard, with her bowfpritand fore-yard much wounded by Shot in the aaion on the 13th. Bothi Ships thus crippled, Captain Durham bore down and; brought her to clofe aaion, which was bravely, difpufed for. an hour and a quarter, when foe3enemy Surrendered, and proved to be La Loire, commanded by Jofeph Andrien Segone, pierced for 50 guns, mounting 46, with. 664 men,; including troops, 48 of whom were killed, and 75 wound ed. The Anfon had two killed ; Lieutenant Abell, of the marines, three midfhipmen, and ten men wounded. La Loire bad on board cloathing complete for 3000 men,, 1020 mufkets, -200 fabres,, 360' pouches, 25 cafes of muSket ball cartridges, one brafs field piece, with a great quantity of ammunition and intrenching tools. - Onthe2oth, Captain Thomas Byarn Martin, being on a cruize in the Fifhguard, of 40 guns, fell in with a large French frigate,, and, after an hour's running fight, brought, fier to clofe aaion, which lafted for 25 minutes, when the Fifhguard became perfeaiy ungovernable, the whole of her running rigging being entirely cut to pieces. The enemy taking advantage of her crippled fituation; endeavoured to make off; but by the aaive exertions of Captain Martin, his officers and men, in replacing the damages, he was foon enabled to clofe with her again, and renewed the battle with great fpirit and refolution, which terminated in an hour and fifty minutes, by his antagonift hauling down her colours. She proved to beL'Immortalite, a new frigate, mounting 42 'guns, twenty-four pounders on the main- deck, and nine pounders, with forty-two pound carronades on the quarter-deck and forecaftle, commanded, by M. Le Grand, who, with General Menage, fecond in command of the troops, was killed in the aaion. She was one ofthe fquadron that compofed the "expedition to Ireland, and had on board 589 men, including troops.' The' lofs She Sustain ed in the engagement amounted to ten officers, and 44 men killed; wounded 61. I3 , The 118 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. The Fifhguard had ten men killed; Lieutenant Gerrafd, *798 ofthe marines, and 25 wounded^ 13 of whom very badly. On the 23d, Captain' Richard King, in the Sirius of 36 guns, 'having been ordered to reconnoitre the enemy's force in the TexeT, at eight o'clock on the fojlowing morning _ difcovered two Dutch frigates at fome diftance to wind-1 ward, to which he inftantly, gave chace.' Captain King finding that the Sirius had greatly the advantage in point of failing, flood on until he could fetch the weathermoft fri gate, in order to prevent their junaion. At nine o'clofk' Captairi Kjng accomplifhe'drfeis wifhes, being within mufket- Shot, the enemy brought to, fired a gun to leeward, and hauled down her colours. Her confort kept Standing on with all fail, fet; and although nearly Out of fight by the time the prifohers were exchanged, the Sirius got within mufket-Sfib't of her at five o'clock in the evening, and com menced a running fight, Which continued about half an hour, when fhe Struck; having eight men killed, and four teen wounded; her malts, fails, rigging, -and hull much damaged. Thefe Ships proved to be the Waakzaamheid; Captain Neirrop, (fenior captain) mounting 26 guns, 24 nine-pqunders on, the main deck, two fix'-pouriders on the fore-caftle, 100 Dutch feamen, and 122 French troops, . alfo 2000 fland of arms : the other the Furie, Captain Piety, of 36 guns, 26 twelve-pdunders on the main deck, and ten fix-pounders on her quarter-deck and forecaftle, 150 Dutch feamen, and 165 French troops, alfo 4000. Stand of arms; both Ships had befides a quantity of ordnance ftores' on board. The Sirius had only one man wounded. In the month of November, the Margaret armed tender, commanded by Lieutenant. John Pollexfen, with difpatcbes from Vice Admiral Kingfmiil to Captajn Home of the Caefar, was wrecked on the weftern coaft of Ireland, and the crew perifhed. • .. -i On the 2d of Oaober the Hon. Captain Capel, of La Mutine, arrived in England with difpatches from Sir Horatio Nelfon, giving an account of the ever memorable- vi£tory obtained over the French fleet at the mouth of the Nile. Nothing could equal the univerfal joy which this glorious news diffufed over the whple kingdom, which was demonstrated by public rejoicings and illuminations for feve ral days. A fubfcription for the relief ofthe widows and children of the brave men who fell nobly fighting in the de fence NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. fence of their king and country, was opened .at Lloyd's Coffee-houfe onjhe fame day the news arrived, and nool. immediately were fubfcribed. On the 6th his Maje% created Sir Horatio Nelfon a peer of Great Britain, by the title of Baron Nelfon ofthe Nile, and of Burnham Thorpe, in the county of Norfolk. The "thanks of both houfes of parliament were voted to the gallant admiral, the captains, officers, feamen, and marines, for the refolute and intrepid condua which they difplayed on this occafion. The captains were ordered to be prefented with gold medals emblematical of the viaory ; Captain Hardy, of La Mutine, (the only floop iu com pany,) was promoted to the rank of poft captain into the Vanguard, in the room of Captain Berry, fent with the admiral's difpatches. to Earl St. Vincent; and the firft lieu tenants qf the line of battle fhips-, (the Culloden excepted*) to be mafters and commanders. The, parliament of Great Britain voted a penfion of 2000I. per annum to Lord Nelfon for his life, and the two next heirs. The parliament of Ireland voted him a penfion of ioool. per annum; the Eaft-India Company prefented him with ioxoool. ; the City of London a fword valued at 200 guineas; alfo a fword to each of the captains who were in the engagement; with the freedom of the City in a gold box of 100 guineas to Captain Berry; and. the Turkey Company a piece of plate of great value. The captains of the fleet under Lord Nelfon, ordered an elegant fword to be made and prefented to his Lordfhip, the hilt of which is to reprefent a crocodile, with the names of the Ships, and their commanders engraven on it. The fword of the French admiral, M. Blanquet, which was Surrendered to Sir Horatio Nelfon, was entrufled to the Hon. Captain Capel, to prefent to the City of London from that gallant commander, with the following letter : :* This fhip having; to the great mortification, of her gallant com mander, run aground in {landing too clofe tp the fhore, was not in the aclion, by which means, according to the etiquette of the fer vice, her firft lieutenant was not included in the promotion. 1 4 1 Vanguard, 120 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. - « Vanguard, Mouth of 'the Nik, '.•:, 1798 Auguft 8, 1798,. " My Lord, " Having the honour of being a freeman of the City of " London, I take the liberty, of fending to your Lordflfip " the fword ofthe commanding French admiral, (M- Blah- « quet,) who furvived after the battle of the ift-offthe " Nile; and requeft that the City of London will honour. " me,, with the acceptance of it, as a remembrance that « Britannia Still rules the waves ;' which that fhe may,, ever " do, is the fervent prayer of your Lordfhip's . , " Moft obedient Servant,. K " Horatio Nelson," / On the 16th of Oaober the Committee appointed to ; confider the beft manner of difpofing of 'the fword prefented to the Court by Admiral Lord Nplfori, reported the follow ing refolution, which was agreed to unanimoufly ; " That the fword delivered up to our gallant hero, Lord Nelfon,' by the French admiral, M. Blanquet, be put up in the moft con- fpicuous place in the Common Council Chamber, with the following ihfeription engraved on a marble tablet." . " The fword of Monf.' Blanquet, the commanding French admiral, iii the glorious engagement off the Nile, on the ift of Auguft, 1798, prefented to the Court, by the Right Hon. Rear Admiral Lord Nelfon. "- On the 20th of November the King was gracioufly pleafed to give and grant to Lord Nelfon, in confideration ofthe great zeal, courage and perfeverance manifefted by'him on divers occafions, and particularly of his able and gallant condua in the glorious and deciftve viaory obtained over- the French fleet near the mouth of the Nile ofthe ift of Auguft laft, his royal licence and_authority, that he and his , iffue may bear the following honourable augmentationsMo his armorial'enfigns, viz. A chief undulated argent, thereon waves ofthe fea, from which a palm tree iffuant, between a_ difabled Ship in the dexter, and a ruinous battery on the finifler, all proper ; andforhiscreft, on a naval crown, or, the chelengk, orplume.of triumph,prefented to him by the Grand . Seignior, as a mark of his high e-fleem, and of thefenSe ofthe gallant tondua of the faid Horatio Baron Nelfon, in the faid glorious and decifive viaory, with the motto, " Pa/mam qui " meruit ferat" and to his Supporters,, being a failor in the dexter, NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. J2i dexter, and a lion in the finifler, the honourable augmenta-- A.D; tions following, viz. — In the hand of the jailor a palm >798 branch, and another in the paw of the lion, -both proper, with the addition of a tri-coloured flag and ftaff in the mouth of the latter ; which augmentations to the fopporters to be borne by the faid Horatio Baron Nelfon, and to. thofe to whom the faid digtiity Shall 'deScend in virtue of his Ma-> jetty's letters patentof creation. . ' i' On the 7th of December, the Coloffus, ; of 74 guns, commanded by Captain George Murray, on her return home with a • convoy from Lifbon, meeting' with contrary winds and Slormy weather at the mouth ofthe Channel, put into Scilly Road ; on the fame evening the wind increafed to a heavy gale, in which She parted her cables^ and drifted on a ledge of rocks, called Southern Wells; the Ship was totally loft ; but the crew, excepting one man, was faved by the aaive exertions of the iflanderSj who went «Srtn open boats to her relief, at imminent rifk. She had- on board feveral paffengers, among whom were Captains John Peyton and Draper, ofthe'navy; alfo the remains ofahe late Admiral Lord Shuldham, who died at Lifbon. ¦ On the 14th La Coquille, one of the French frigates taken by Sir John Warren's fquadron lying in Hamoaze, teok fire and blew up, by which melancholy accident three .young gentlemen, midfhipmen, feven feamen, and three women perifhed; about 20 were faved by the boats of the lhips in Hamoaze. On the fame day the Ambufcade, Captain Henry Jen kins, being on a cruize in the bay, fell in with, and after a Severe engagement, was captured by La Bayonnaife French privateer, of 32 guns, and 300 men. Captain Jenkins was wounded early in the aaion by a mufket ball through the groin, which 'carried away the top of the thighbone. The .matter was wounded Severely, but, kept his flation on deck until another ball killed him. Lieutenant Sinclair, of the marines, endeavouring to fupport him, received a, ball in his fhoulder, it being the fecond wound he had received in the aaion, he was forced to go below : the firft lieutenant, Mayne, was killed. A gunburft on the main deck, threw the people into confufion, and in fpite of every effort of Mr. Briggs, the fecond lieutenant, they could not be made to Stand to their quarters. At this- period the Bayonnaife being to windward, ran her bbwfpric through the nfizen Shrouds 12.2 IfAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A-Q. %gud.S of the-, Ambufcade, and grappled her. A French iZ9? ppjojiel and aboqt 5P. foldiers ; then boarded from the bow- fprit; the quarter-deck being cleared* they took poSJeSIjon gf the,. Ship, driving alf'hefow. In this, conflia foe colonel and eleven men were -killed. , The Bayonnaifis maftS and bpwfprit foon after went by the board. The lofs fuftained byr the Ambufcade> was , JO killed, and 36 wounded, "in? eluding Captain Jenkins, and Lieutehanfi. Sinclair, of the marines. The enemy carried their prize, into Rochfojt,* The Minifler of the-.Marioe, in the ufuai Style of .French gafconade,, feprefemted La Bayonnaife to have mounted only -jip guns, eight-pounders; the Ambufcadg 26, eighteen pounders on the main- deck, 8 eight pounders on, the; quar ter-deck and forecaflle-; -and fix howitzers or earronajesj The. Executive Direaory decreed, 1. . Conformable to the law ofthe ift.of Oaober, 1.793, 2tl year of the Republic, there Shall, be paid, to the Staff and grew of the Bayonnaife, 350ft franks for each gun- and howitzer of the frigate Ambufcade ; and this fem fhall,be distributed without; delay, among the captors,' agreeableto the laws. . ' ' ,,.,. , ,„ , ,-¦.' j, , ,.,, 2. Citizen Edmoh Recher, Lieutenant de Vaiffeau, is appointed Captain de Vaifl'eau of the Republic. -\. 3. The Minjfter of the Marine; fhall inform foe Exeeuj. tive Direaory ofthe names, of all foe pflkers, fub-offieer$-, foldiers, noviciates and boys, killedin the, aaion;, and fhall point out Succours proper to be -given to their families, The names of the wounded, and thofe who diftinguifhed themfelves in the aaion, fhall alfo be communicated te the Direaory; and the Minister Shall propofe, the rewards. or promotions which he thinks due to each. (Signed;), Revelliere Lepeaux, Prefident'. La Garde, Secretary. - On the 17 th of December the following fentence was pronounced by the court-martial affembted and held on , board his Majefty's Ship America, at Sheernefsrto enquire into the condua of Captain Thompfon, commander, of his Majefty's late fhip the Leander, and fuch of the officers and Ship's company as were on board her at the time fhe Surren dered to the Genereux, a French Ship of 74 guns. The Court having heard the evidence brought forwards fupport * See Captain -Jenkins' Court-martial, A.D. 1799. - ef NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 123 of Captain Thompfon's narrative of the capture of the faid ,r» Ship; and having maturely' and deliberately considered the '* whole, is of opinion*. . .¦¦ i , " That the gallant an«J, almoft unprecedented defence of • Captain Thorhpfqn, of the Leander, againft fo Superior a force as that of Le Genereux, is deferving of every praife his Country* or this Court" can give ; and that his condua, with that of his officers and men under his com mand, refleas riot only the higheft honour on hirnfelf and , them, but on their country at large ; and the Court. does therefore moft honourable acquit Captain Thompfon, his officers a.nd fhip's company ; and he and they are -hereby moft honpurably.acquitted accordingly." l m • (Signed) George Tripp^ Prefident., Captains. Thomas Parr,- John Dilkes, William Mitchell, GeOtge Br'ifac, William Taylor, Richard King, John Bazely, Charles White, George Dundas, Richard Dacres, Samuel Sutton. " William Finch, Judge Advocate." The Prefident, after the fentence was read, addreffed Captain Thompfon as follows : " Captain Thompfon— -I feel the moft lively pleafure in returning to you the fword with which you have fo bravely maintained the honour of your king and country ; the more fo, as lam convinced, that when you are again called upon to draw it in their defence, you will add frefh laurels to the wreath which you have already fo nobly won." The Thanks of the Court were alfo given to Captain Sir Edward Berry,* who was prefent on this occafion, for the gallant and aaive zeal he manifested, by giving his afuftance on board the Leander, in the aaion with Le Genereux. .* Knighted on the rith of December, for his gallant fervices at the battle of the Nile ; and the City of London p»efented him with the Freedom in a gold, box. Soon after Captain Thompfon had the honour ot knighthood conferred on him. Coast J24 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D; 1798 COAST OF PORTUGAL AND MEDITERRANEAN*'. Admiral, Earl St. Vincent ftill continued to blockade the port of Cadiz,' and from the activity and vigilance of his cfuifceri, vaft, numbers' of the enemy's privateers were taken, and the trade to the coaft - of Portugal effectually pro- teaed.^ ''.'." , On the 8th of January Capain C. H. Pierrepoint, in the King Fifoer brig, being about 50 leagues to the weftward of the Buri'ings, fell in, with, and, after a fmart action, cap tured' La Betfey, a French Ship' privateer, pierced' for 20 guns, hut mounting only 16 fix-rpounders and '118 men, one of whom was killed, tlie firft and fecond captain and fix feamen wounded.- The 'King Fifher had only one .man wounded. ¦ Ori the 3d pf February. Captain H. Downraan, in the Speedy brig, being off Vigo, difplayed great gallantry and good condua in a fevere aflion with a French brig priva teer, which.after having crippled the Speedy, made Sail and efcaped from her fuperierity in failing. The Speedy had five killed, amorig the. number Lieutenant Dutton and Mr. Johnftone the boatfwain, ; and five badly wounded. _ Cap tain Downraan, at the commencement of the combat, had a prize in company which the privateer took, and was af- ^ terwards recaptured by the Speedy ; the Frenchmen on board informed him that his- antagonist was La Papilion, pierced for 18 guns, mounting 14, twelve and ten pounders, manned with1 160 men. '. On the' 29th of April SirHoratio, Nelfon joined Earl St. Vincent off Cadiz, arid' on the following day was de-' tached into the Mediterranean with a fmall Squadron* con* fitting of three fail of the line,- two frigates, and a (loop of , wart. At, two o'clock in the morning on the 22d of May, 'the fquadron encountered a violent gale of' wind in the Gulf of Lyons, in which the Vanguard loft her fore-matt and topmafts .; the frigates having parted company, the, line of battle fhips bore upfor Sardinia, the Alexander taking in tow the Vanguard ; it was with much difficulty they reached the road of St. Pierre on the 24-th. By the adive * Appendix, Chap. II. No". 304. t Appendix, Chap. H, No. 363. exertions. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. ] 25 exertions of Captain Berry the Vanguard was equipped A.D. with a jury fore-mail and topmafts, and on the 28th the 1798 fquadron put to fea, and reached the rendezvous on the 4th of June, the following day it was joined by Captain Hardy in La Mutine, who brought the acceptable intelli gence that Captain Trowbridge had been detached from the fleet with ten fail of the line and a fifty gun fhip to reinforce the Squadron*. A junflion was happily effeaed at funfet on the 8th. $ir Horatio Nelfon immediately went in quefl of the enemy's fleet, which he had certain intelli gence had failed from Toulon on the 22d of May, with the wind at N.W. which naturally led him to conclude that their courfe was up the Mediterranean; La Mutine was immediately difpatched to Cjvita Vecchia and along the Roman coaft to gain intelligence, whilft the admiral, with the fleet, fleered towards Corfica,, which ifland they made on the 12th; and paffing between the iflands was the fol-. lowing day rejoined off the Roman coaft by La Mutine, without Captain Hardy Vbeing able to gain any intelligence of the enemy.- The admiral was now determined to pro ceed off Naples. On the 16th, being in fight of Mount Vefuvius, -Captain Trowbridge was fent, in La Murine, to obtain what information he could from Sir William Ha milton. He returned with a report only that the French' fleet were gone towards Malta. The admiral loft no time " in pufhing, by the fhorteft cut, for that ifland, and on the 2oth paffed through the Faro di-Meffina with a fair wind. A boat, fent off by the Britifh conful, informed the admi ral that Malta had a&ually furrendered to the French. A plan was immediately formed to attack their fleet at Qozz, where it was reported they were at anchor,. At day-light on the 22dof June, La Mutine fpoke a Genoefe brig from Malta, which gave intelligence that the French had failed' from thence on the 18th, with a Srefh gale at N.W. The admiral inftantly bore up and fleered to the S E. with alL poffible fail. From this time to the 29th the fleet had only fpoken with three veffels, two of which had come from Alexandria, and the other from foe Archipelago, without having feen any-thihg of the enemy's fleet. On the fame day they faw, the Pharos Tower of Alexandria; and^n ap proaching the land with a prefsof fail, faw diftinaiy both the » Appendix, Chap. II, No. 364. harbours, 12(5 ' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. AD. harbours, in neither of which, to the admiral's great difap- i798 'pointment, was a French fhip to be feen. He now fhaped his courfe for the coaft of Caramenea, which was difcover- ed on the. 4th of July ; and Steered along the fouth fide of Candia, under a prefs of fail, with a contrary wind both night and .day, until the i-8th, when they made the ifland of Sicily, and entered the port of Syracufe. Althoughrhany ofthe fhips were in great want of water from'not having had a fupply fince the 6th of May, the fleet was completed and ready for fea in five- days. On the 25th of July they , again failed without having been able, whilft at Syracufe, to obtain any certain intelligence, of the deftihation of tlie enemy. Sir Horatio Nelfon being, ftill prepoffeffed that a defcent on Egyfit was their objea, fleered for the Morea, where it occurred to him that fome authentic information rriight be obtained'. On the 25th, the fleet being off the Gulph of Caron, Captain Trowbridge was difpatehed, in the Culloden to get intelligence ; in about three hours that aaive officer returned, having learned from the Turklfh governor that the French fleet had been feen fleering to the S.E. from Candia about four weeks before, Upon this information the adrniral was refolved once more' to .vifit ¦ Alexandria, and accordingly fleered for that place: On the ift'of Auguft, at noon, they Were in fight ofthe Pharos of Alexandria, and obferved the harbotirs to be full of Shipping. Soon after the Zealous, Captain Hood, diSco- vered the enemy's fhip's of war at anchor in Aboukir bay, in line of battle, which he inftantly communicated by Signal, with their numbeV. The admiral dire&ly hauled his wind, and was followed by the, whole fleet with the greateft alacrity. The figpal was alfo made to prepare for battle, and that it was the admiral's intention to attack the enemy's, van and centre as they lay at anchor, according to a plan which he had fome time before communicated to the captains of his fquadron. The admiral's idea in this, difpofition of his force was ', firft, to fecure the viaory, and then to make the moft of it, as circumftances might per mit. A bower cable of each fhip was immediately got out abaft, and bent forward. The fleet carryirtg fail and Standing in in cloSe line of battle for that of the enemy's, which appeared to be moored in, a Strong and compaft line of battle, clofe m with the fhore, their line defcribjng an obtufe angle in its form, flanked by numerous'gun-boats,v four NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 127 four frigates, and, a battery of guns and mortars on an ifland A.D. in their van*. The petition of the enemy prefented the 1798 moft formidable obftacles: but the admiral viewed thefe with the eye of a feaman determined on attack, and it in ftantly ftruck his eager and penetrating mind, that where there was room for an enemy's fhip to fwing, there was room for one of onr's to anchor. No further fignal was neceffary than thofe which had already been made. The a£tion commenced at fun-fet, which was at 31 minutes ,paft fix, with an ardour and vigour which it is impoflible tode- fcribe. The Goliah and Zealous had the honour to lead , ' infide, and. to receive the firft fire from the van fhips of the enemy, as well as from their batteries and gun-boats, with ' which their van was ftrengthened. Thefe two fhips, with the Orion, Audacious, and Thefeus, took their Stations. inltde the enemy's line, and were immediately in clofe aaion. They were unavoidably expofed to the whole broadfjdes of the French line, until they could take their refpeaive flat ion s ; the enemy received, therri with, great firmhefs and deliberation, no colours were hoifted on either fide, -nor -a gun fired, till the Britifh van Ships were within half gun foot. The Vanguard anchored the firft on the outride Of the enemy, and was oppofed within half piftol fhot, to Le' Spartiate, on whom fhe opened a moft tremendous fire, covering the approach of thofe in the rear, which were following in a clofe line. The Minotaur, Defence, Bel- lerophon, Majeftic, Swiftfure, and Alexander came up in fucceffion, and paffing within hail of the Vanguard, took their refpeaive Stations, oppofed to the enemy's line. As the fhips anchored by the ftern, the line became inverted from van to rear. Captain Thompfon of the Leander of 59 guns, with a ' degree of judgment highly honourable to his profeffional charaaer, advanced towards the enemy's line on the out- fide, and moft judicfoufiy dropped his anchor athwart hawfe of Le Franklin, raking her with gveat fuccefs ; the foot from the Leander's broadfide, which paffed that fhip all Striking L'Orieqt, the flag-fhip of the French com mander in chief. • Appendix, Chap. II. No. 365. At 128 -NAVAL- CHRONOLOGY. A D At about 7 o'clock, total darknefs came on ; but the iju$ whole hemifphere, was. at intervals, illuminated by the fire of the hoftile fleets. The Britifh fhips had at this time hoifted". theic diftinguifhing lights by a fignal from the ad- miral. ,-,-,- . The battle now raged with unremitting fury. In lefs. '¦ than twelve minutes Le Guerrier, the van ihip of the ene my, was difmafted ; and in ten, minutes after,' the Con- ¦: querant and Le Spartiate the fecond and third fhips^fhared the fame fate.. At half paft "8, L'Aquilon and Le Souve- — rain Peuple, the fourth and fifth fhips in the .enemy's line"' were taken poffeffion of by the Britifh. At the fame time, Captain Berry fent Lieutenant Galway, of the Vanguard, vvvv with a party of marines to take poffeffion of Le Spartiate, that officer returned by the boat the Trench captain's fword, which Captain Berry delivered to the admiral, who was then below, in confequence , of the fevere ' wound which he had received in the head during the heat of the aaion. , Viaory now appeared to declare itfelfin favour of the Britifh, for although L'Orient, L'Heureiix, and Tonnant Were not taken jpoffeffion1 of, they, were considered as com pletely in their power. At ten minutes after nine, a fire was obferved on board . L'Orient, the French admiral's Ship, which feemed to proceed from the after part of the cabin, and increafed with fuch rapidity, that the whole after-part'of the fhip was foon involved. in flimes. This circumftance Captain Berry immediately communicated to the admiral, who •.'.'.' though 'Suffering Severely from his wound, came upon deck; where the firft confideration that ftruck his mind; was con- ,- cern for the danger of fo many lives ; to fave as many as poffible of whom, he ordered Captain Berry to make every p.raaicable exertion. * A boat, the only one that could fwim, was inftantly difpatched from the Vanguard, and other Ships, which were in a condition to do So, fol-. lowed the example; by which means the lives of above fe- .. venty Frenchmen were faved. " " The cannonading was ftill partially kept up to leeward - ofthe centre till about io o'clock, when L'Orient blew up with a moft tremendous explofion. An awful paufe, and death-like filence for about three minutes enfued,, when the wreck, of the mafls, yards, &c. which had been carried the NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. -129 to a vaft height, fell down into the water, and on board A. D. the furrounding fhips. A port-fire from L'Orient, fell 1798 into the- main royal of the Alexander, the fire occasi oned, by which, was however extinguifhed in about two minutes, hy the aaive exertions of captain Ball. The Bellerophon, whofe mafls and cables had been en tirely fhot away, could not retain her fituatipn abreaft of L'Orient, and drifted out of the line to the lee fide of the bay, a .little before the Ship' blew up; by which fortunate , circumftance fhe perhaps efcaped heing demolifoed. After this dreadful fcene, the firing recommenced, with the fhips to leeward of the center till twenty minutes paft ten, when there was a total ceffation of firing for about ten minutes ; after which it was revived till about three in the morning, when it again ceafed. The victory, having been fecured in the van, fuch of the Britifh fhips as were in a condition to move, went down to attack the frefh fhips of the enemy. At five minutes paft five in the morning, the two rear Ships of the enemy, Le Guillaume Tell and Le Genereux, were the only French fhips of the'line that had their colours flying. ' , _ , . At fifty-four minutes paft five, L'Artemife French fri gate, fired a broadfide and ftruck her colours; but fuch 'was the unwarrantable and infamous condua of the French captain, that after having thus furrendered, he fet fire tp his Ship, and with part of the crew, made his efcape on fhore. , Another of the French frigates, La Serieufe appeared lb have been funk from the fire of fome of the Britifh, line; but as her poop remained above water, her men were faved upon it, and were taken off by the boats of the fleet. At ii o'clock, Lie Genereux, and Guillaume Tell, with the two frigates, La Juftice and La Diane, cut their ca bles and flood out to fea, purfoed by the Zealous, CaPtain Hood ; but as there was no other' fhip in condition to fup port her, fhe was recalled; and thefe fhips, effeaed their efcape. The whole day of the 2d, was employed in Securing the Ships that had ftruck, excepting the Tonnant and Timoleon, as they were both difmafted, and confequently .could not efcape ; they were left for the laft to be taken poffeffion of. The enemy availed himfelf of this 'opportunity, and on Vol. JII. K the 130 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. the rnorning.of the 3d, fet fire to La Timoleon, and tbe J/98 cable; of Le Tonnant being cut, fhe drifted on fhore; but by the aaive exertions of Captain' Miller ofthe Thefeus, She was Soon got off again, and added to the Britifh line. .From the over anxiety and zeal of Captain Trowbridgfe to get into aaion, theCuIloden in (tanding.in for the van of the enemy's line, unfortunately grounded upon the tail of a -fhoal, running off from the ifland, on which were the mor tar and gun batteries ofthe enemy ; and notwithstanding- all _ the efforts of that able officer, and his fhip's company, fhe could not be got off, until the morning of the 2d ; when it was found (he had foffered confiderable damage; that her rudder was beaten off, and She could fcarcely be kept a-float with; all pumps going. In four days, however,' by the perfevering and indefatigable exertions of Captain Trow bridge, a new rudder was made, and fhipped ; and the Culloden was again in a ftate for aaual fervice, though ftill very leaky. Sir Horatio Nelfon next bent his attention to thofe of the enemy who were wounded, by eftablifhing a truce with the commandant of Aboukir ; that of the officers and men of every defcriptiofi,' it was abfolutely irrefiftible. » " Could any thing flfom my pen add tp the, charaaers of the captains, I would write it with pleafure ; b,ut that is impoffible. " I have to regret the lofs of Capitain Weftcott, of the , Majeftic', who was killed early in the aaion ; but the fhip was continued to be fo well fought by her firft lieutenant, Mr. Cuthbert, that I have given him an order to command her till your lordfhip's pleafure is known. " The fhips' of the enemy, all but their two rear fhips, are nearly difmafted; and thofe two, with two frigates, h am forry to fay, made their efcape ; nor was it, I affure you, in'my power to prevent' them. Captain Hood moft handfomely endeavoured to do it; but I had no fhip, in a condition to fupport the Zealous, and I was to obliged to call her in. ', " The fupport and affiftance I have received from Cap tain Berry, cannot be fufficiently expreffed. I Was wounded in the head, and obliged to be carried off the deck; but the fervice fuffered no lofs by that event. Captain Berry was folly equal to the important fervice then going', oh, and to him I muft beg leave tortefer you for every ,infornta- tion relative to this viclqry. He will .prefent you with the flag of the fecond in command; that of the commander in chief being, burnt in L'Orient." ?• Herewith NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. "" 133 - " Herewith I tranfmit you lifts of the killed and A.D. wounded, and the lines of battle of ourfelves and foe '798 French i* " I have the honour to be,jtec. ' " Horatio IpL^i.'? " To Admiral Earl St. Vincent, " P1' Commander in Chief, tsfc. off Cadiz." " The Admiral foon after fent the Hon. Captain CapeU of.Le Mutirle floOp of war, with a copy of his difpatchif^ to the commander in chief> with orders to land at Naples, ahd proceed from thence to England. Hte alfo difpatched Lieutenant Duval, of the Zealous, over land, with aletter to the governor of Bbmbay; of which the' following is a copy. ,' , i . ,; ,\ .,, " Vanguard, Mouth ofthe Nile, i ,i -,;,, gth' Auguft, 1798." " Although I hope that the confuls, who are, or ought to be, refident in Egypt, have fent you an exprefs of the Situation of affairs here: yet, as I know Mr. Baldwin has fome .months left Alexandria, it is poffible you may not be regularly informed ; I fhall therefore relate to you briefly, that a French army of 40,000 men in 300 tranf ports, with 13 fail of the line, 11 frigates, bomb veffels, gun-boats, &c. &c. arrived at Alexandria on the *J(l pi July; on the 7th, they left it for Cairo, where they arrived on the 22d. During their, march they had fome aaions with the Mamelukes, which- the, French call viaories. As I have Bonaparte's difpatches now before me, which I took yefterday, I fpeak pofitively ; he fays, " I am now going to fend off to take Suez and Damietta :" he does not fpeak favourably of either country or people; but there , is fuch bombaft in his letters, that it is difficult to get at the truth ; but you may be fure he is only mafter of what his army covers. From all the "enquiries which I have been able to make, I cannot learn, that any French veffels are at Suez, to carry any part of his army to India. Bombay (if 'they can: get there) I know is the firft objeft; but I truft the Almighty God, in Egypt, will' overthrow thefe * Appendix, Chap. II. No, 365. K 3 peft 134 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.tf. jSefl of the human race. It has been in my power to 1798 prevent 12,000 men from leaving Genoa, arid alfo to take ,11 Sail, of the line and two frigates; two fad of the luae^nd two frigates have efcapcd me. This glorious battl^ wasSfought at the mouth of the Nile, at anchor; it begall at/fun -fet, and was not finifhed at three the next morning ; it has been Severe, but God favoured our en deavours with a great viftdry. I am now at anchor be1 teen Alexandria and Rofetta, tOprevent their communi- tion by. water, and nothing under a regiment can pafs by land. But I fhould have informed you, thai the French hayje 4000 men polled at Rofetta, to keep, open the .mpufo of the Nile. Alexandria, both town and fhipping, are fo diftreffed for provifions, that they can only get them frojB the Nile by water ; therefore I cannot guef§* the , good which may attend my holding our prefent petition: for Bonaparte writes his diftrefs for ftores, artillery, and things for their hofpital, &c. Alt ufeful communication is at an end between Alexandria and Cairo : you may be .fure I fhall remain here as long as poffible. Bonaparte had never yet to contend with an Englifh Officer; and I fhall endea vour to make him refpe.a us." " This is all I have to communicate; I am confident every precaution will be taken to prevent in future any veffels going to Suez, which may be able to carry troops to India. If-my letter is not fo correa as might be ex^ peaed, I truft your excufe, when I tell you my brain is fo fhaken with the wound in my head, that I am fenfible I am not fo clear as I could be wifhed ; but whilft a ray; of jeafon remaips, my heart and hand fhall ever be exerted/for the benefit of our kingand country.'' " I have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) " Horatio Nelson." This Important Viaory was no'fooner made known at Conftantinople,' than the Gran'd Signor direaed a fuperb diamond aigrette (called a Chelengk, or plume of triumph) , taken from one 0/ the imperial turbans, with a petice of fable fur of the firft quality, to be fent to Sir Horatio Nel fon. He direaed alfo a purfe of 2000 fequins to be distributed among the 'Britifh feamen wounded at the battle of the Nile. v The NAVAL, CHKONOLOGY. 135 The Grand Signoris mother fent the admiral a rofe fet A.D. with diamonds, of great value. 1798 The Ifland of Zante prefented him with a , gold-headed fword and cane, as an acknowledgement, that had it not been for the battle* of the Nile, they could nqtadiave been liberated from French cruelty. ^|PP% Amongft the letters from the French, which were inter cepted by the fleet, under Sir Horatio Nelfon, was found the following' one from Rear Admiral Ganteaume, to Ge-gs , neral Briiix, Minister of the Marine, and of the Colonies., giving an account of the aaion ou the ift of Auguft. " [ " Citizen Minifter, Alexandria, Auguft 23^. " Obliged to give you an account of the moft fatalof difafters, it is with piercing and heartfelt Sorrow that I ac quit myfelf of this melancholy part of my di*ty. " EJeven fail of the firie taken, .burnt, and loft for France, our beft officers killed of wounded, the coafts of Our new colony laid open tp foe invafion of. the, enemy; fuch are the dreadful refults of an engagement which took place on the night of the ift inftant, between our fleet and that of the Englifh, under the command of Admiral Nel fon. " From the experience which you have had, Citizen Mi nister, in our ports during the courfe of this war, it will, doubtlefs, be eafy for you. to judge, whether the crews of a fleet, fo haftily fitted out as ours, could be reafonably ex- peaed to be well comppfed ; and whether we could hope to find amongfl men colfeaed at random, as it were, almoft at the very inftant of our departure, able mariners, and fk.il— ful and experienced canoneers. The favourable feafon, however, the care and attention of the officers, and, per haps a certain portion of .good luck, feconde.d the progrefs pf .the fleet foeffeaually, that, together with its convoy, it reached the coaft of Egypt without any accident whatever. '• The admiral has moft affuredly informed you, that on our arrival at Alexandria, we learned that an Englifh fqua dron of I4~fail had been there three days before us. It would have been the moft prudent Step, perhaps, to have quitted the coaft the moment the defcerit had been effected ; but fo,e admiral, who waited for the orders of the comman der in chief (whofe army naturally derived a great degree of corffidence fjrom the pretence of the Squadron) did not think K4 himfelf s3& NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. himfelf juflified in quitting the coaft; but took, onthecon- I798 trary, a Strong ppfition. in the anchoring ground of Be- quires. " This road, 'by its proximity to Rofetta, enabled him fo receive 9fl|bjQard the neceffary fupplies for the fleet,, and to replace,' tjpugh with infinite riSk and pains, Some part of the wafer-mat was daily confumed on board. It was there fore, unfortunately determined to moor the fleet in one line, in an open fituation, and which could not be proteaed front thefhore. #^rtf< Fatal intelligence received from time to time, by neu tral veffels, announced the return of the enemy' s* fquadron. It had been feen off the Ifle of Candia, fleering to the weft ward. The condua1 of this'.fleet, which though Superior' to ours, had not waited for us before Alexandria, but made fail to the weft, while We were effeairig our debarkation, which it might eafily have thwarted or prevented, unhap- . pily confirmed us irt the opinion that it had no orders"to at- tack Us, and produced a boundlefs and fatal Security.' " On the 2ifl of July, however, two of the enemy's! frigates reconnoitered us, and on the 31ft, about two.in the afternoon, the whole fleet hove in fight. It was compdfed' of 14 fail of the line and two brigs. The wind was north-- erly and rather frefh. They bore down with a prefs of fail on our fleet, and clearly announced a defign to attack us. " The meafures which the admiral took on this-occahon, the refolution to engage at anchor, and the refults of this horrible affair, are detailed in the, abftraa, which I J have fubjoined to the prefent letter ; in that I have delineated every circumstance as it appeared to me on this too grievous and too dreadful night. i'l " L'Orient took fire ; it washy an accident. which I can not yet comprehend, that I efcaped from the midft ofthe •flames, and was taken into^a yawl that was lying under the Ship's counter. Not being able to reach the Veffel of Ge neral Villeneuye, I made for this place, from whence I have now the mortification of tranfmitting you thefe melan choly details. ' ; "The Franklin, the Spartiate, the Tonnanr; the Peu- ple Souverain, and the Conquest, are taken. ' They got their topmafts up, and failed* with the enemy's 'fquadron. which quitted the coaft on the 18th of Auguft, leaving here a fmall divifion of four -Ships' of "the line and two frigates. • "The NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 137 K The Mercure, the Heureux, and the Guerrierhave A.D. been burnt by the enemy.- The two firft run aground dur- 1793 ing the a'aion, and were bulged when they took poffeffion of them. " The Timoleon, incapable of making her efcape, was run on Shore by Captain Trulet, who fet her on fire, after putting all the crew either into his own boats, or into thofe which were fent him from the reft of the^ fleet. " The two. frigates, the Artemife and the Serieufe were deftroyed in fpite of the enemy's endeavours to prefetve them ; the firft was burnt, and the other funk. " The folerelicks, then of this unfortunate armament was comprifed in the divifion of frigates,- corvettes, and flutes, which are now at Alexandria; and in that of General Ville- neuve, who, by a bold manoeuvre, made his efcape from theenerny., You will fee -by myabftraa*, that this latter division is compofed of two Ships of the line, and two fri gates, the Guillaume Tell, the Genereux, the Diane, and the Juftice. "¦ Placed by my rank at the head of that part of our un fortunate remnant which remains herer, Admiral Nelfon propofed to me to receive the wounded and other prifo ners. In concert with General Kleber, commandant of the toWii,T have acquiefced in hiss proposition; and 3100 priSo- - ners, of" whom about 800 are wounded, have been put on Shore fince the 6th of Auguft. " By means of this corefpondence we have colfeaed fome information refpeaing our perfonal loffes. My pen trem bles in my hand, while in conformity to my duty, I attempt to particularize our misfortunes. " The Admiral, the Chiefs of Divifion, Cafa Bianca, The- venard, Du Petits Thenars, are killed, and fix other fu- perior officers whofe names are fubjoinedj, dangeroufly wounded. I have not yet been able to procure an exaaiift of the privates killed and wounded, on account of Admiral • Nelfon's refuting to fend me the commiffaries of theop- tured veffels,- with their roles d'equipage. 1 " Since the*aaion, the enemy are mafters of the whole coaft, and interrupt all our communications ; the other day * The end of this letter. f See Official Document j Appendix Chap. II. No. 366. J Thefe names 'do not appear; they .were probably omitted in the hurry pt making up the difpatches. Note pf the tranflatbr. _ they 138 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. they captured the Fortune, a corvette, which the admiral had l79% -fent to cruize off Damietta. The Englifh fquadron, as I had the honour of mentioning to you above, failed, it is faid, for Sicily, on the 18th inftant. The divifion which is fta tioned here confifts of four Seventy-fours, and two fri gates. , - . " On account of the extraordinary care which foe Eng lish always take to conceal their lofs of men, we have been able to procure no information on the fubjea that can be relied on. We are affured, however, that Admiral Nek fon is dangeroufly wounded in the head, and that two cap tains are killed; we are alfo told that two of their Ships, the Majeflic and the Bellerophbn, had each 150 men kil led and wounded. " In the fituation in which we are, blocked up by a very fuperior force, I am Still ignorant, Citizen Minifter, what meafures we Shall purSue with the feeble maritime refources that yet remain to us in this port ; but if I muft need Speak the truth, fuch as it really appears to me, I then fay, that, after fo dreadful a difafjter, I conceive nothing but a peace can confolidate the establishment of our new colony. May our Governors procure us a folid and honorable one. " I am, with refpea, " GANTEAUME." Alexandria, Auguft -$th. " Ahftratl ofthe Engagement which took Place on the Night " ef the firft of Auguft, betiueen the French Fleet, and " that of Great Britain^ under the Command of Rear « Admiral^Nelfon." " At two in the afternoon the Heureux threw out a fig nal of twelve fail in the W. N. W. Our men on the look out difcovered them at the fame time, and counted fuccef- ', fiyely as many as 16. We were not long in recognizing thefe veffels to be an Englifh fquadron, compofed of 14 fail ofthe line, and 2 brigs. " The enemy -fleered for our anchoring ground, with a prefsoffail, having a brig founding ahead. The wind St , N. and rather freSh. " The two brigs, the Alcefle and the Railleur, were immediately ordered to make all fail to windward to prevent the enemy's light veffel from continuing her foundings. < v " The NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 139 c* The fignals for flowing the hammocks, and making A-D- ready for fight, for announcing the refolution for engaging x79^ at anch ;r, and for recalling the meh on board their refpec- tive Ships, were all made at threei " The long boats. .employed in watering were alfo re called ; a boat was haflrily difpatched from the Arterrrife to the Shoals of Rofetta, to acquaint the tranfports there with the appearance of an enemy; and finally, the frigates and cor vettes were ordered to fend as many of their men as pofli- ble on board the Ships of the line. *' The enemy's fquadron continued to advance with a prefs of fail ; after Standing off to a confiderable diftance to avoid the bieakers on the ifland* it hauled1 its wind, Short ened Sail, and clearly manifefted a defign to attack us. ' " At three quarters after fiye, the battery on the little ifland threw fome bombs, which fell into the van of, the enemy's line- At fix the admiral threw out the fignal for commencing the engagement; and, Shortly after, the two headmofl Ships began firing. . \ " Several of fhe enemy's veffels having Suddenly Short- ened Sail, had turned the head of our line, and letting go their anchors, with a cable aftern, had ranged alongfide, betWeen us and ' the land", while others had moored them felves within piftol Shot of us on the other fide. By this manoeuvre, all our veffels, as far down as the Tonnant, found themfelves completely enveloped, and placed between two fires. *¦' It appeared to us, that in executing this manoeuvre, two of their veffels had run aground ; one of them, how ever^ was. immediately . got off. " The attack, and the defence were extremely briSk: the whole of our van was attacked on both fides, and Sometimes raked. In this diforder, and involved as we were in conti nual clouds of finoke, it was extremely difficult to diftin- guifh the different movements of the line. • " At the beginning of the aaion, the "admiral, all the fuperior officers, the firft; commifTary, and about twenty pilots and mafters of tranfports, were on the poop of the fhip, employed in ferving the mufketry. All the foldiers and Sailors were ordered to the guns on the main and lower decks: the twelve pounders were not half manned, v- " After the aflion had laded about an hour, the admiral Was wounded in the body and in the head ; he then came down j40 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY".' A.D. down from the poop, and a Short time after was killed on J 79s the quarter-deck. '¦ '¦ , , « Obliged to defend ourfelves on both fides, we gave tip the twelve pounders; but the. twenty-four and thirty-fix's kept up their fire with ail poffible ardour. The Franklin and the Tonnant appeared, to- be in as critical a fituatioh as ourfelves. - , - .¦„'', , a ¦ , « The Englifh having utterly deftroyed. our van; Suffered their Ships to drift forward, Still ranging' alongoour line, and taking their different Stations, atjoundais t while-we (M...S. illegible) van cut off, were frequently obliged to veer away our cable, or our hawfer, to enable i us to prefent our hroadfide to the enemy. « One of their Ships, however, which lay clofe to ut; on the Starboard fide totally dtfmafted, ceafed herv fire, and cut her cable to get out of the reach of Our guns.; bit obliged to defend ourfelves againft two others whq were furioufly thundering upon irs on the larboard quarter, and on the Starboard bow, we were again compelledJto heave iu fome of our cable. ¦ •' , ' ' .*•"'' « The thirty-fix and • twenty-four pounders were ftill Siring brifkly, when an explofion took place on the after , part of the quarter-deck. We already' had a boat on fire, but we had cut it away, and fo avoided the danger. We had alfo thrown a hammock, arid fome other things which were in .flames, overboard;, but this third' time the fire fpread fo rapidly and inflantaneoufly amongft the fragments of every kind, with which the poop was incumbered, that all was foon in flames. The fire pumps had been dafhed to pieces by the enemy's balls; andthe.tubS and buckets ren dered ufelefs. ,! 1 " An order was given to ceafe firing, that all hands • might be at liberty to bring water ; but fuch was the ardour of -the moment,' that in the tumult the. guns of the lower deck Still continued their fire. Althbugh the officershad called all the people .up from below, the flames had in a very Short time, made a moft alarming progrefs; and we had but few means in our power of checking!them. " Our main and rhizen'-mafts fell overboard,. and we foon faw there was no ' Saving the Ship, the. fire having al ready gained the poop, and even the quarterrdeck. " The captafo. and Second captain had been wounded fome time before; General Ganteaume took upon himfelf therefore NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. j^j, therefore the command, and ordered the Scuttles to be A.Dj opened, and every body to quit the Ship. 1 798 " The fire broke out about a quarter before ten ; and at half after ten the Ship blew up, although we had taken the precaution to open all the water courSes. Some of the crew fa-ved themfelves on the wreck ; the reft perifhed. " The aaion continued all the night with the Ships in the rear ; and at break of day wedifcovered that the Guerrrer, the Conquerant, the Spartiate, the Aquilon, the Peuple Sou-veraine, and the Franklin, had hauled down their co lours, and were in poffeffion of the enemy. The Timo- leon, with all her mafls gone, was dropped a-ftern of the .fleet, her colours ftill flying. Tfte Heureux and the Mer- cure, which had now run a-ground, were attacked, and obliged to Strike in the morning. The Artemife was fet on fire at eight o'clock, and the Serieufe funk. ' " The Guillaume Tell, the Genereux, the Timoleon, the Diana, arid the Juftice, with their colours ftill flying, were engaged with fome Englifh veffels during a part of the morning; but this divifion, , with the exception of the Ti moleon, fet their fails about 1 1 o'clock, and flood off to fea. " The Timoleon run on fhore ; and we have fince heard that the captain, after landitig all his men, fet her on fire the next morning, to prevent her falling into the hands' of the enemy.* ' " Such are the refults of this horrible affair; and we .have detailed them' as they prefented themfelves to our me mory, not having been able to preferve a paper or note of any kind. . " Rear Admiral Ganteaume." Thus it will appear from the documents referred to in the Appendix, as well as other Statements given of the enemy's force, that this armament, when it failed from Toulon, was compofed of the following number of men, viz. .riLand forces - -42,000 . Sea dittd 10,810 Ships at Alexandria, &c. 4,948 + Flotilla on the Nile - 1,500 Tranfports Total, 3.017 62,275 - * 350 of thefe poor wretches were murdered by the Arabs. + As no return had been made of the number of men'on board the, flotilla, we rate them at too men on board of each veflel. On 142 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. On the lUth of Auguft Rear Admiral, Nelfon having re- »798 fitted the Ships o^his fleet and the prizes, in the beft man ner the ftores which he had would permit, failed from the bay of Aboukir, leaving Captain Samuel Hood, with four fail of the line and two frigates,* to block' up the port of Alexandria, and alfo to intercept any fupplies which might be'fent,to the French army. On the 22d of September Sir Horatio Nelfon arrived at, Naples in the Vanguard, accompanied by the Thalia! frigate : here he found the Culloden, Alexander, and Bonne Ci- toyenne, which had arrived four days- before him. The King of Naples inftantly went off in his barge, and ho noured the admiral with a vifit on board the Vanguard, where he continued until She anchored. When Sir Horatio Nelfon landed, he was received amidft the repeated fhouts of a rejoicing people, who looked up to him as their deli- verer.i The French prizes were entrufted to the caTe of Sir James Saumarez, with a detachment of the" fleet ; they Slopped atthe port of Augufta, in Sicily, to get water and refrefhments ; from thence proceeded off Malta ; and, in conjunaidn with the Portuguefe fquadron, under the com mand ofthe Marquis Nizza, fummoned the French to fur render and evacuate that ifland, which was peremptorily refufed by M. Vaubois, foe commander in chief of the Valetta: Sir James Saumarez therefore failed for Gibral tar, and left the Portuguefe to block up the ports on that ifland. It is now neceffary to relate fuch events as occurred pre vious to the battle of the Nile, and from thence to proceed chronologically on. < On the 14th of May Captain Middleton, in the Flora, gave chace to a French brig corvette, which took Shelter in a fmall harbour on the ifland of Corigo. There not being a Sufficient depth of water for the Flora to follow her, Cap tain Middleton difpatched his boats armed, under the direc tions of Lieutenants Ruffel and Hepenftall, to cut her out} which Service they effeded in a moft gallant manner, bring- 1 * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 367. - t £h1-Kins of- Nap,es created Lord Nelfon Duke of Brbnti, and ceded to him. a territory annexed to it, worth 3000I. per annum : at the loTotoduca? witha,fword richly fit with brilliants, value ing; •' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 143 ing her off in triumph, notwithstanding a heavy fire from A.D. two batteries at the entrance of the harbour, with the lofs 1798 of one man killed and eight wounded. She proved to be Le Mondovi, of 16 guns, and 68 men, one of whom was killed, eight wounded, and four drowned. On the 1 2th of June a court-martial Was afTembled and held on board his Majefty's Ship Prince, before Cadiz, to .try Lord Henry Powlett, captain ofthe Thalia, on a charge exhibited againft him by Lieutenant Robert Forbes of the faid fhip, for behaving in an infamous, Scandalous, and_ od- preflive manner, by Striking him publicly on the quarter deck, when In the execution of his office, thereby corn- mi tring a breach ofthe 33d article of war. The Court was, compofed of the following members, viz. s / ' Prefident, Sir Roger Curtis, Bart. Rear Admiral of the Red. Sir William Parker, Bart. Sir John Orde, Bart. Rear Ad. of the Red. Rear Ad. of the White T. Lenox Frederic, Efq. Sir Robert Calder, Knt. Rear Ad. of the Blue. Capt. of the Fleet. Captains, Cuthbert Collingwood, Peter Aplin, Henry Savage, John Knight, John Child Purvis, • George Murray, John Markham, William O'B. Drury; The Court having heard the evidence for the profecu- tion, as well as that of the prifoner, together with what he had to advance in his defence, pronounced foe following fentence, which was read by the' Judge Advocate. " That the Court was of opinion, that the charge had " been proved againft the prifoner, Lord Henry Powlett, " and did therefore adjudge him to be difmiffed from his " Majefty?s fervice ; but in confideration ofthe whole cir-' " cumftances of the cafe, the Court did humbly prefutne to cf recommend him as a proper objea for his Majefty's moft " gracious confideration.* " Signed by the Court." * Lord Henry Powlett, foon after his return to England, was re- ftored to his rank, and appointed to the command of the Defence, of 74 guns, on the vacancy of Captain John Peyton,, who, on account of indifpofition, returned home in the Coloffus. ' On 144 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. AtV. On the 16th of June Captain Henry Digby, in theAu- I?9^ rora, being off Curmes, difcovered a Spanifh brigantine and fchooner at anchor in the. harbour, which herieftroyed, by fending the fhip's boats in armed, under the command of Lieutenant Lloyd. On the 19th Captain Digby chafed and drove on fhore a corvette and twp brigs in the harbour ' of Cedeira. On the 22d he gave chafe to a Ship off Cape .Ma'chichi^ao, fcudding with 3 N.W. wind between him and the land, which he foo'n perceived to be an enemy's cruizer. On obferving the Aurora to be in purfoit of her, fhe hauled more in for the 1 land, and at half paft three in the afternoon anchored under a fort and ' hoifted French colours.^ At four the Aurora arrived within half gun'-fhot, of the enemy, and difcharged three or four broadfides into vher with fuch effea that her mafls fell over the fide, and her cibles (riding with three ahead) being Shot away, She drove on fhore upon the rocks, the Sea making a breach over her. The wind, having increafed to a hard gale, right on the Shore, Captain Digby was obliged to haul out and Stand to fea, leaving the enemy to his' fate. Two days ' after Captain Digby learned, by the crew of a Spanifh fifh ing boat, that She had gone to pieces, and many of her people had been killed and wounded from the fire of the Aurora. f On the 27th of June the Seahorfe frigate, commanded by Captain Edward James Foote, being about 12 leagues from the' ifland of Pantelaria, in queft of the fquadron under the command of Rear- Admiral Nelfon, fell in with and after a chafe of twelve hours, and a clofe aaion of eight minutes, captured La Senfible, French frigate, commanded -by M. Bourde, Capitaine de Vaiffeau,' mounting .36 guns and 300 men, eighteen of whom were killed, the firft and fecond captains with 35 men wounded. She was on her paffage from Malta to Toulon with an account of the capture of that, ifland ; and had on board the General bi Divifion M. Baraguey D'Hilliers. The Seahorfe had two men killed, Mr. Wilmot the firft lieutenant, and 15 men . wounded. ,1 1 On the 15th of July Captain Manly Dixon, in the Lion of 64 guns, about twenty-nine leagues from Cartbagena, difcovered, at nine o'clbck in the morning, four Spanifh. ; 1 frigates,,. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 143 frigates*, which' he brought to clofe aaion at a quarter paft A.D. eleven and continued with great brifknefs till ten minutes '79^ paft one in the afternoon, when three of them made fail, and left -the fourth to her fate, which had loft her fore-top- maft previous to the engagement. She proved to be the Dorothea of 42 guns and 370 men, commanded by Don Manuel Gerraro. Captain Dixon could get but an im- perfeft account of the numbers killed and wounded, but from the report of the prifoners, about 20 were killed and 32 wounded. The Lion had only two wounded ; but was 1b much cut up in her mails,, fails, and rigging, that foe was rendered incapable of purfuing the other frigates, which made off clofe by the wind to the N.W. At five o'clock in the evening of the 7th of Auguft Capt. Loftus Otway Bland, in L'Efpoir Hoop of war, being about 5 leagues frorri Malaga, with a part of the Oran cowvOy un der his charge, difcovered a large fhip fleering as if with the intention of cutting off the convoy. To prevent which Captain Bland haded out from them, and made fail to meet her. A little before feven he perceived her to be a mart" of war, and that fhe had hove to, to receive him. % Havingarrived within mutkef Shot on the enemy's weather quarter, Captain Bland^oilted his colours, but the Stranger without displaying his, hailed .in an imperious manner, and in good Englifh ordered him to goto leeward and ftrike, or he would fink him,\at the fame time firing a fhot into L' Efpoir, followed inftantly by his whole broadfide. A fevere aaion enfoed, and continued with much refolution on both fides till ten o'clock, when the enemy called for quarter, and faid he was a Genoefe. Captain Bland, repeated to him that he was' a Britifh man of war, and ordered him to lower all his fails and come on board ; to which he paid no atten tion, but kept fhooting up as if to gain' a fituation to rake L'Efpoir : thinking "his force too great to be trifled with, ,Capt«Bland direaed a broadfide to be' poured into him, which 'he returned ; but upon L'Efpoir, Shooting a-head and tack ing, to give him the other, he' again. cried out, begging not Stops. Guns. Men. ; Commanders. , x D„„ S D°n Felix O'Neil, commodore. * Pomona 4z -3 5°, | gon Francis Villamil, captain. Dorothea 42 370 Don Manuel Gerraro. Caffilda -42 , 3 50 ,, Don Deam. Ferrari, Prc-ferpine 42 350 Dan Qua). BiaL Vol. III. L to 146 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. to fire any more, that he was badly wounded, and would » 798 obey his orders immediately. Upon his lowering his fails alf firing ceafed ; and when taken poffeffion of, was foilhd to be the Liguria, Don Franc, de Orfo commander, a Dutch frigate fold to fhe Genoefe, mounting 17 eighteen- pounders, 4 twelve- pounders, iO fix-pounders, 12 Jong wall pieces, and 4 fwivels/ with 120 men on board, of all nations, feven of whom were killed, the firft captain and thirteertjtnen wounded. Mr. Soulfby the mafter of L'Efpoir, a promifing and aai've young man, was killed, and fix men wounded. On the 18th of Auguft Captain Thompfon, in the Le- ander, having on board Captain Berry, charged with Rear-, Admiral Nelfon's difpatches to the commander in chief, being about five or -fix miles off the weft end of Goza, near the ifland, of Candia, at daybreak in the morning, 1 difcovered' a large fail, in the S. E. Handing towards him With a fine" breeze. The Leander being at this time be calmed, Captain Thompfon foon made out the Stranger to be a fhip of the line. The Leander being* above eighty men Short of complement, and a number onboard who were wounded on the ift of Auguft, Captain Thompfon did not confider himfelf juftified in Seeking an aaion with a fhip fo much his foperior in point of fize ; he therefore took every means in his power fo avoid it, but foon found that the Leander's inferiority in failing made the attempt inevitable; he therefore fleered a courfe, with all fail fet, which he judged would receive his adverfary to the beft ad- - vantage. At eight o'clock the ftrange Ship, being to wind ward, had approached within random fhot of the Leander; with Neapolitan colours hoifted, which he then changedto French ; Captain Thompfon was not to be deceived; having, plainly made him out to be fuch fome time before. At nine, being within half gun-fhot of foe Leander's wea ther quarter, Captain Thompfon hauled up fufficiently to bring the broadfide to bear, and immediately commencfid'a vigorous cannonade on him, which he inftantly returned.. The fhips continued nearing each other until half paft ten, keeping up a conftant and heavy fire. At: this time the enemy availed himfelf of the difabled condition of the Le ander to lay her on board on the larboard bow ; but a moft ' Spirited and well direfted fire from the fmall party of ma rines on the poop and quarter-deck* Supported by a fu- ¦•' \ - ' , ¦ ¦ * ' ' riotis NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 147 rious cannonade, prevented the enemy from taking ad van- A.D. tage of his fituation, and he was-repulfed with much '79^ Slaughter. A light breeze giving the fhips way, enabled CaptainThompfon to difentangle himfelf from theenerny; and foon afterwards he had the fatisfaaion to luffunder his ftern, and paffing him within ten yards, deliberately dis charged every guri into him. . The aaion was now continued without intermiffion, within piftol fhot, until half paft three in the afternoon, When the enemy with a light breezy (for it had hitherto been almoft calm with a perfea fmooth fea) paffed* the Leander's bpws and brought himfelf on her Starboard fide, where the guns had been nearly all difabled from the wreck of the fpars which had fallen on that fide. This pro ducing a ceffation of fire on her part, the enemy hailed to know if he had furrendered. The Leander was now]to- '.. tally ungovernable, being a complete wreck, not having a thing Standing, 'but the fhattered remains of the fore and ¦^nain mafts, and the bowfprit, her hull cut to pieces, the decks full of killed and wounded, and perceiving theenerny, who had only loft his mizen topmaft, approaching to place himfelf athwart her (tern, Captain Thompfon in \this de- fencefefs fituation, without the moft diftant hope of fuccefs, and himfelf badly wounded, afked Captain 'Berry, if he thought he could do more ? who coinciding with him that further refiftance was vaih and impraaicable, direQed an anfwer to be given in the affirmative, and the enemy foon after took poffeffion of his Maje^y's m'P- Her antagonist proved to be Le Genereux of 74 guns, v commanded by M. Lejoille, chef de divifion, who had efcaped from the aftion of the ift of Auguft,. having on board 900 men, 100 of whom were killed, and 188 wound ed in the above conteft with the Leander, whofe lofs was alfo confiderable, having three midfoipmen, twenty-four feamen, the ferjeant and feven marines killed. Wounded, Captain Thompfon, Lieutenants Taylor and Swiney; Mr. Lee the mafter, the boatfwain, a matter's mate, a midfhip man, forty-one feamen, arid nine marines. Total, 35 killed, and 5,8 wounded. No fooner did CaptainThompfon and his officers arrive on board La Genereux, than they were plundered of every article belonging to them, Save the clothes on their backs. They expostulated in vain with the French captain on this L 2 harfh 143 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. harfli treatment, and when they reminded him of tlie fin> '798 ation of the French officers made prifoners by Admiral Nelfon, in comparifon with thofe now taken in the Lean der, he coolly replied, " J'en fuisfache, mais le fait eft, que les francois font bons au pillage." Captain Berry expreffed a wifh to have a pair of piftols ' returned to him, of which he had been plundered. They were produced by the main who Stole them, and immediately fecured by the French captain himfelf, who told. Captain. Berry that 'he would give him 'a pair of French piftols to protect him on his journey home, but this promife he never .performed. Captain Thompfon and his gallant crew experienced various other aas of cruelty from thefe friends to liberty1 and equality, which would have difgraced a Barbary corfair, or the moft defperate pirate., They even carried, their in humanity to fuch an extreme, that at the Very moment' the Surgeon oS the Leander was performing the chirUrgieal operations, they robbed him of his instruments,. and the wound, which Captain Thompfon had received was nearly '¦ proving fatal by their forcibly withholding the attendance of his forgeori*. ' v The favage treatment of thefe brave men was" even extend ed after their arrival at Corfu, into which place they carried the Leander, as will be, evinced by the following letter.^d- dreffed to the Lords of the Admiralty, from Mr. Stanley, ¦ the Britifh con Sui at Trieftet.. \ /¦ " Triefte, od December, I 7 g8. "My Lords, J 6 '- n " Thirty feamen of the Leander, which was taken and carried into .Corfu,' arrived here from that ifland the.20th: . ultimo ;• thefe. poor men were forced away in three fmall inconvenient veffels, ten in each, fome of them badly wounded, and in a very weak ftate, being obliged to lie on the decks, expofed. to the inclemency of the feafon, feven- tetn days. On Friday ten more arrived from the fame ^l;?,nj?aptuin/-Thompfo,n''s return to Eneland hewas honourably, r^fir a Y I-6 fentence. of a court-martial, Mie honour of knighthood . conferred on turn, and -given a penfion of 300I. per ann. flat Tnh/^Caf dcr ZaJ l?.ken at Corfu> the following year, by the Ruf- ' Sto'S£2,M^fB,^w of RuiGa °ideJ L » l reftorcd place. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 14g pjace. The firft thirty, having finifhed their quarantine of A.D. thirteen .days, came out this morning muqh recovered from J 79® the attention to their health and food. The laft ten have fuffered more than the others, being twenty-three days on their paffage', and fo fhort of provifions, that, had not fome paffengers taken compaflion on them, they muft have perifh- ed. 1 am forry to obferve the French behaved very -badly to them in the fliortnefs of provifions: I hope, by proper care, to. rettore thefe valuable meritorious men to their country and families. I have the honour to be, &c. Edward Stanley, Britifh Conful at Triefte." , " Right Hon. Lords Commiifioners of the Admiralty." The following is a letter full of abfurdities and French bombaft, written by the captain of Le Genereux on his ar- • rival at Corfu. «'. Corfu, September 8, 1798. " I. have the pleafure to announce to you my arrival at Corfu. I have been here for fome days paft, having brought in the Englifh fhip Leander of 74 guns, which 1 met near the ifles of Goza and Candia, about a league from the Shore. This fhip hid been fent to' carry difpatches from Bequiers Road,* where the Englifh had attacked us on the ift of Auguft. We were at' anchor, but in a pofition cer tainly not very fecure for our fquadron ; of this bad fitua tion they took advantage, and having placed us between two fires, a moft dreadful flaughter took place, the fhips _not being at a greater diftance than piftol Shot and at anr ¦ chor. From the circumftance of the wind, with relation to the Englifh fhjps, we fhould have been Superior in the conteft, if L'Orient, our admiral's fhip, had hot blown up in the air, which threw us all into diforder; as, to avoid) the flames that had already reached Le Tonnant, every veffel was obliged to Shift its ftation. Having, however, placed my fhip in a fituation favourable to the direaion of its cannon, I fought her'until three in the. morning of the following day to that in which, at ten in the evening, L'Orient. blew up. By a lingular accident I miffed having a broadfide at * Is meant Aboukir. L 3 Captain a 150 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A. D. Captain Darby, who failed with us in the laft war from the *798 Cape of Good Hope to Cadiz. His Ship, the Bellerophon of 74 guns, failed paft me about half paft ten in the even ing, having loft her main-maft and mizen-maft. I fired three of our foots at her, which carried away the mail fhe was hoifting, and ftruck away one of the lanthorns of the , poop. , 1 , " I immediately ordered one of my officers to go in • purfuit of, and to bring on board of my ffliip the captain of this fhip; but in half an hour afterwards, when I was about to fend my boat on board her, the fire from 'feveral Englifh Ships being direaed againft me, compelled me rather to think of anfwering their guns than of faking poffeffion of the other fhip, and the flow manner in which the, officer whom I had difpatched, proceeded to execute my orders, was the caufe of my failing to take poffeffion of this other fliip. " As to the Leander, I was obliged to fight with her for nearly four" hours and three quarters. She carries 74 guns, 24. and 30 pounders on her lower deck, and 1 2 poun ders on her upper. I Should have made myfelf mafter of her in lefs than an hour, had we been at clofe .fighting : during the engagement we boarded her, and I fhould have fucceeded in making prize of her by' boarding if I had a more aaive crew. (Signed) Lejoille, Jun." On the 22d of Auguft Captain George Hope, in the Alcmene frigate, captured, off Alexandria, Le Legere French gun-boat, charged with difpatches for Bonaparte, which were thrown overboard, but riot unperceived hy, John Taylor and James Harding, feamen belonging to the Alcmene, who, at the rifk of their lives, (the Ship then go ing between five and fix knots) dafhed overboard and faved the whole of them*. On the 25th, at one o'clock in the morning, Captain , Thomas Foley difpatched the boats of the Goliah, under the command of Lieutenant Debufk, to attack a French armed ketch which was moored under .the guns ofthe caftle of Aboukir; which fervice he effeaed by gallantly * Thefe brave fellows were rewarded *by the City of London with a penfion of 20I. per annum each. . boarding NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 151 boarding her, and after an obstinate refiftance of 15 mi- A>D< nutes brought' her off. She proved to be La Torride, l^9$ mounting three long 18-pounders; four. Swivels, and well appointed in fmall arms, with a crew of 70 men, 3 of whom were killed i M. Martin Bedar, lieutenant de vaiffeau, her commander, with 10 of his men, were badly wounded. In the attack, Lieutenant Debufk and one man were wounded. On the 2d of September the Seahorfe arid Emerald being off Alexandria, gave chace to a French gun-boat, which run on Shore, and anchored near an Arab town. The Ships immediately difpatched their boats to bring her off; upon their approach the Frenchman opened his fire on them, cut his cable, and ran aShore among the breakers. The crew landed, and were inftantly attacked by the Arabs, who put to death thofe that refitted, and Stripped the reft of their clothes. Her commander, and a few of the men made their efcape naked to the beach, where the Ships' boats had by this time arrived, and begged on their knees to be taken on board. Notwithstanding the furf run extremely high, many Cf the men, with that humanity, which has often charaaer- ized Britlfh.feamen, fwam to the Shore with lines and fmall •'• calks, by which means they reScued the lives of thofe peo ple from the fury of the Arabs. A young gentleman, mid shipman of the Emerald, particularly distinguished himfelf, Who, at the hazard of his own life, brought off M. Gor- bonne, the commander of the gun-boat, which proved to be L'Anemene, of 4 guns, and 62 men, from Toulon and, Malta, having' on board General Carmin and M. Naleth, ftid-de-camp to General Bonaparte. Thefe officers were among the number killed by the Arabs. ' On the £oth Captain George Hope, in the Alcmene cut out of the road of Damietta, eight veffels laden with wine and other necefiaries for the French army. On the 9th, of November, the expedition* which was de stined for the reduction of the Ifland of Minorca, under the command ofGeneraltheHon. Charles Stuart, and Commo dore Duckworth, appeared off that ifland, and immediately landed a body of troops at Addaya Creek near FourneUa, without opposition Srom the enemy, who evacuated the fort, firft blowing up their magazines and Spiking the guns. Th? * Appendix,- Chap. II. No. 368. L 4 troops 152 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. troops proceeded on their march to Mercadal, which they 1798 entered without refiftance, the enemy having retired to Ciudariella, and from thence to Mahon, while the Squadrons was aaively employed in blocking up the different bays and ¦ creeks to prevent Supplies heing thrown into the ifland from; Majorca. On the 9th a detachment of 300 men, under the command of the Hon. Colonel Paget, arrived at Ma hon, and compelled 'Fort Charles to furrender; by which fie was enabled to remove the boom obftruaing the entrance ofthe harbour, and give free paffage to the Aurora arid Cor morant to enter, they having been ordered on that fervice x by Commodore Duckworth. On the evening of the 1 2th, four large Ships were obferved flanding over from the Ifland of Majorca, which information the general communicated to Commodore Duckworth, who inftantly put |to fea with part of his fquadron*, and went in queft of them. At day break the next morning, five fail were feen Handing for Ciudadella ; the figrial wis made for a general chace, Which the enemy, obferving, immediately hauled their wind for Majorca. The piiffuit was continued until eleven at night, with little wind, when the commodore had arrived- within three miles of the frernmoft frigate* but fearful left he Should be drawn too far from the Ifland of Minorca, he direaed Captain Markham to purfue the enemy, and returned him felf off Ciudadella", to co-operate with the army, if necef fary. On his arrival off that place, he learnt from General Stuart that the whole ifland had Surrendered on terms of ca pitulation, to his Majefty's arms on the 15th. On the farrie „ morning the commodore Was joined by the Argo, Captain Bowen, in the chace, on the 13th, having recaptured tfie Peterel floop of war, which had been taken on the Stops. Guns. Commanders. * Leviathan - 74 5 ^mmodore Duckworth , ¦ , ' I Captain H. Digby Centaur 74 J. Markham Argo - 44 J . Bowen : .. Calcutta (A.) 16 R. Plowden r UlyfTes JTSzd Prefsland' ' Coromandel ( 3 2f> Lt. R. Simmonds Spanijh Frigates. Stops. Guns'. Flora 40 Cafilda , 40 Pomona 40 ' Proferpine 40 12th. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. J53 1 2th by the above' fquadron of Spanifh frigates. Captain A.D. Bowen learnt from, the officers and crew" of the Peterel, i7'<)8 that they had been treated by the Spaniards with great harfh- hefs, by plundering them of their clothes, and other aas of cruelty: one ofthe feamen who refilled the Spaniards from robbing him of forty guineas, was murdered and. thrown overboard. Captain Markham rejoined the fquadron without being fo fortunate as, to come up with the enemy's frigates. A detachment of" 150 feamen was landed to affift, and co operate with the army, under thedireaion of Captain Bowen, but other effential fervice making it neceffary for him to re turn to his fhip, the command of the feamen devolved on Mr. William Buchannan, fecond lieutenant ofthe Leviathan, to whom General' Stuart addreffed the following very hand fome letter, as a proof of the fenfe he entertained of the de- ferving condua which he and his party manifested on this fervice. " Before Ciudadella', Nov. 18, 1.798. "Sir, '£ Lhave the honour to return you, and the gentlemen , employed on Shore, under your command, my Sincere thanks for your aaivity, Zealand afliftance in forwarding the light artillery of the army; neither can too 'much praife be given to the feamen for their friendly and chearful exer tions under very hard labour; exertions which were accom panied with a propriety of behaviour which I greatly attri bute to your management," and which will ever merit my acknowledgements, and affords me the fatisfaaion of affur- ing-you, that I am, with Sincere regard, " Your's, &c. "CHARLES STUART.3' *c Lieutenant Buchannan." The^ other captains, officers, feamen and marines who were employed- either- on fhore, or in covering, the landing ofthe troops, and military ftores, are mentioned by the ge neral and commodore, as having manifefted the greateft' zeal' and, aaivity. The conqueft of Minorca, was effeaed without the lofs of a fingle man : the Spanifh troops com- pofing the different'garrifons on the ifland; confifted of between 3000, and 4000, including the governor, and other officers on the Staff. A great quantity of ord nance 154 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. -A-D. nance and military, flores were taken in the forts. In the x798 arfenal at Mahon were found abundance of naval ftores; the. kefel and Stern-frame of a man of war brig on the flocks^ , vrith her timbers, part of her -ftores, and rigging, &c. Fourteen gun boats hauled up, with all their rigging com plete; thirteen other large boats, from 36 to 20 feet keel, with their rigging in good order, and fit for fervice. Two large merchant Ships, a jcebeck* and four tartans, were . taken in the harbour. On the 28rh of Oaober the ifland of Goza, near to Malta, Surrendered on terms of capitulation to Captain Alexander John Ball, of his Majefty's fhip Alexander, to whom Lord- Nelfon had entrufted the blockade of Malta, with three fail of the line, a frigate, and fire Ship. The French Republican army haying invaded the Nea politan territory, and marching 'rapidly to Naples, .in which capital the inhabitants had Shewn evident figns of infurrec- tion, his, Sicilian Majefty, for his own Safety, as .well as that of his family, embarked on the 21ft of December on board the1 Vanguard, and failed to Palermo, in Sicily, The weather was fo extremely tempeftuous, that the Van* guard narrowly eScaped Shipwreck. Prince Albert, th? youngeft Son of their Sicilian Majefties, died on the paffage through exceffive ficknefs and fatigue. Previous to the French taking poffeffion of Naples, a moft gallant aaion was fought oflrthat port by the Herald} a letter of marque belonging to Jerfey, of about 80 tonsi mounting ten guns of different calibres, (three, four, and fix pounders,) manned with 28 men; She was attacked by three French privateers at once, one of which mounted five eighteen pounders ; the two others eight four pounders each. Pickftock, commander of the Herald, after a Short, but animated addrefs to his fhip's company, began a moft furious engagement; it lafted upwards of three hours, when the Frenchmen Sheered off, much Shattered,, with ttve lofs of 30 men kilted and wounded. ' During the night of the fame day, a felucca, with 2? men, Suddenly appeared alongfide of the Jerfeyman, deter^ mined to board him ; but a well-direaed broadfide from the Herald fent them all tp the bottom. On Pickftock's arrival at Naples, he received thehigheft marks of attention and refpeft from all ranks,; for his Spirited behavieur* NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 155 behaviour. Prince Augullus (of England) honoured him A. p. twice with an inyitation to breakfaft, and prefented him »798 with a hanger of confiderable value, marked with the initials of his Royal Highnefs's name A. F. Mr. Veers, a gen. tleman of his Suite, prefented Pickftock with a pair of piftols; he was alfo received by Sir William Hamilton, the BritiSh Envoy, with great attention. The Englifh mer chants prefented the crew 6f the Herald (none of whom were either killed or wounded) with 200 dollars, as a re- ' ward for their gallantry. Four of his Majefty's Ships were loft this year in the Mediterranean. The Hamadryad, of 36 guns, Captain Thomas Elphinfton, in the bay of Algiers; the Lively^ of 32 guns, Captain J. N. Morris^ at Rota Point, near Cadiz ; the Aigle, of 38 guns, Captain Charles Tyler, on the •coaft of Barbary; and the Kingsfifher, of 16 guns, Captain C. H. Pierrepont, on the bar oLLifbon. All the crews were faved. NORTH AMERICA AND NEWFOUNDLAND.* The fquadrons on thefe ftations were aaively employed ' by the commanders in chief in the proteaion of the trade : nothing* of any importance occurred. A few of the enemy's fmall privateers were taken. The Rover Sloop of war, Captain George Irwin, in the month of , was loft in a gale of wind in the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; but the crew were faved. On the 25th of May, the De Braak, of 14 guns, Cap tain James Drew, working into the Delaware river, upfef in a heavy Squall of wind, by which melancholy accident the captain and 34 of the crew perifhed. On the 21ft of June, the Princefs Royal packet, with the mail on board for New York, commanded by Capt. L Skinner, fell in with a French privateer brig, which fhe engaged with great gallantry for' two hours, .when it being calm, the privateer got out her Sweeps and made off. The Princefs Royal had only fix guns mounted, and forty- nine people on board, including paffengers and, boys, the firft of whom plied the Small arms with much effea. It appeared afterwards from fome American and Britifh pri- * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 309. ' . * • foners / 156 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. > , A- D- foners who were on board the privateer during the aaion, *798 that She was 'called L'Avanture, of Bourdeaux, mounting , 14 long four pounders, and two twelve pounders, with 85' men on board, of whom two were killed, and four wound-, - ed. The privateer was fo rriuch difabled in her hull, mads* ' and rigging, that foe was obliged to return to Bourdeaux., "In conquence of Captain Loring, in the Carnatic, having Slopped and Searched an American veffel of war off the Havannah for Britifh tailors, the Prefjdent of the -United States ordered the following circular letter to be iffued. Sir, , , " It is the pofitive comtriand of the Prefident, that in no cc pretence whatever, you permit the public veffel of war " under your command to be detained or fearched, nor any " of the officers or men belonging to her tp be taken " from her by the fhips or veffels ,of any foreign nation* fo " long as you are in a capacity to repel fuch outrage.on the " honour of the American flag. If force fhould be exerted " to compel your fubmiffion, you are to refifl that force to " the utmoft of your power ; and when overpowered by > " foperior force, you are toflrikeyour flag, and thus yield " your veffel as well as your men, but never your men ¦ " without your veffel. " You will remember, however, that your demeanour " be refpeaful and friendly to the veffels and people of all' " nations in amity with the United States ; and that you " avoid as carefully the commiffion of, as the fubmiffion to '* infult or injury. " I have the honour to be your obedient fervant, " Benjamin Stoddart. u Given at the Navy Department, Dec. 29, 1798." *' To the Commanders of " Armed Veflilf in "the Service of the " United States. And the Prefident of the United States on the #h of January, i8bo, after communicating to the Congrefs an account of the naval tranfaaions off the Havannah, thus clofes his meffage :— « It is but juftice to fay, that this is the firft inftance of misbehaviour of any of the Britifh officers towards our veffels of war that has come to my knowledge. According to all the reprefentations I have Seen, NA*-»AL CHRONOLOGY. 157 feen, the flag ofthe United States, and the officers and A.D. men, have been treated by the civil and military authority 2798 of the Britifo nation in Nova Scotia, the Weft-India " iflands, and on the ocean, with uniform civility, polite- nefs, and friendship. I have, no doubt but that this firft inftance of mifcondua will be readily correaed." LEEWARD ISLANDS.* On the 3d of January, the George armed floop of fix guns and 40 men,- commanded by Lieutenant M. Mackay, on her paffage from Demerara to Martinico, was attacked and captured, after a moft gallant refiftance, by two Spa nifh privateers ; the one a cutter of 12 guns, and 109 men; and the other a fchooner of fix guns, and 68 men. The George had eight men killed, and 16 Wounded; arrjong the latter Lieutenant Mackay. The enemy had 32 killed, and feveral wounded. On'the 13th, an unfortunate circumftance occurred at Englifh Harbour, Antigua, in confequence of Lieutenant Charles Peterfon,, of the Perdr.ix, having difobeyed the or ders of Lord Camelford, aaing captain of the Favorite Sloop of, war, and then commanding officer in TngliSh' Harbour, in the abfence of Captain Fahir, whq.'was at St. Kitts on leave. The alarm guns having been fired, Lord" Camelford «fent an order to Lieutenant Peterfon to hold the Perdrix's Ship's company in teadinefs'to, aa, and to keep a vigilant look EAST INDIES. f Notwithftanding foe aaivity and vigilance with which the Ships of war,|under Rear Admiral Rainier, cruized, the - two'Eafl-India Ihips,. the Raymond, Captain Smedley,, and the Woodcot, Captain Hannay, were captured in Tellecherry roads on the 20th of April, by La Precieufe, French Frigate of 40 guns. - The late much lamented Captain Edward Cooke, who commanded Le Sybille, ftationed for the profeaion of the trade in the China feas', in company with the Fox, Captain Pulteney Malcolm, were particularly aaive, as will be feen by the following narrative, taken' from a letter of aivofficcr then on board La Sybille. " On the 4th of January, we left Macoa, apparently convoying the Europe and country trade; but defignedly in the armies. of Spain, and captain-general of the Province of Y.uca- ton. The Campeachy fleet was 'commanded by Captain Borea Npgea. I BRITISH FORCE. Merlin, r6 guns, Captain J. R. Mofs. Two f loops, one iS pounder, and 25 men each. x One floop, one fhort 9 pounder, a'nd 2 5 men. Two'fchooners, fix 4 pounders, and 25 men each. ,. Seven gun-flats,' one 0 pounder, and 16 men each. , -The land forces under Lieutenant -colonel Barrow, confifted of the 63d and 2d Weft-India regiment, a detachment pf the royal artillery,' befides Daymen, fettlers, and negroes, ' " , • Appendix, Chap. II. No. 372. , « -. I f Appendix, Chap. II. -No. 373. on NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. l63 on a cruize, to reconnoitre the Spanifh force in the Phi- A.D. lipines, and, if poffible, cut out from under the batteries 179% of Manilla, the Rey Canlos, of 866 tons, belonging to the jSpanifh company, and the Marquefetta, an Amoy trader, reported to have on board 500,000 dollars; to attack all their armed dependencies, and annoy them as much as poffible as we paffed through the Archipelago. ¦" On the nth of January, we made Lucania, run along the fhore, and on the 12th captured a coafter; took out of her only the cadi, 4000 dollars, then liberated the veffel and people, defiring they would proceed on their voyage, and apprehend no further moleStation. Next day we Saw, and could have taken, feveral veffels of the, fame defcription, and, it is doubtlefs, equally valuable; but, prudence which feems to guide all our operations, would admit no hazard to the grand objea for a trivial conside ration ; hence this part of the cruize is not fo brilliant in number of prizes, nor fo lucrative as fome people would have made it ; but I think it highly honourable and praife- worthy, particularly as Captain Cooke feemed to feel much the diftrefs tliat might accrue to individuals, to whom the cafh and veffels were configned ; although they were fubjeas, and under the banner of our enemies ; his lenity is only equalled by good manoeuvres ; and I refpe& him for bis feelings, as much as his bravery. «' On the 13th in the evening, we entered the bay of Manilla, paffing their Signal-houfe, "or corrigidore, as French frigates; and anchored as neceffity made expedient: Next day Stood towards Manilla town; and by well Con ceived, and well condufted manoeuvres, captured the fol lowing veffels belonging to his Catholic Majefty, without Hurting a fingle man on either fide. ^ A gun- boat, No. 31,' carrying one 32 pounder, 4 fwit. vels, 30 oars, 52 officers and men. A gun-boat, No. 33, carrying one 24 pounder, 4 Swi vels', 28 oars, 50 officers and men.: A gup-boat, No» 34, carrying one 24 pounder, 4 fwi- vels, 30 oars, 50 officers and men. A guard-boat, rowing 12 oars, with 15 officers and men. A, felucca, rowing 20 oars, with 23 officers and men. Admiral Don Martin Alaba's harge, rowing ,20 oars, withi 23 officers and men. * M 2 ' A 6°- 264 naval Chronology. i A.D. ,A government felucca, rowing 18 oars, with 21 officers. *7Q*> and men. In all— 7 boats, about 232 men, 3 great guns, 12 fwi- vels, 27 mufkets, 32 cutlaffes, iS half pikes; 13 piftols, 153 round foot, 137 grape foot, and 100 fhells. «« This was performed iti broad day-light, between ir and 3 o'clock, in view of all the people of Manilla and Cavita, and. managed with admirable addrefs. Tfie, guard boat came firft, with the 2d captain of their frigate, Maria de Cabega. The fecond boat was Adrniral Alaba's barge, with the governor's . nephew. The third boat, a felucca, with one of Alaba's aid-de-camps, bringing compliments of Congratulation on our arrival; and information that all we could wifh, or want, would be ready for us ; and. that boats were, getting ready, with anchors and cables, to affift us into their ports. Thefe officers were fq completely de- 1 ceh/ed, and entertained for an hour and a half, thatthey ;had no. fiifpicions they were on board an Englifh fhip, and therefore , opened their hearts freely on every Subject;. While this was tranfaaing in the cabin, the boats crews were handed into -the fhip, and our failors changed clothes -with their boatmen, and then rowed up in their boats, in company with our own, and boarded and carried all their gun-boats that were out ofthe river. The people inrthe gun-boats finding it impoffible to refift the impetuofity cf our boarders, Surrendered immediately. This being per ceived, and thought rather unaccountable .on fhore;; the fourth boat was difpatched with tfie captain of the port, for a categorical anfwer, why the boats were detained^ and to fay, that if they were not immediately fent on /there', they fhould conceive us to be enemies. This officer afijd his crew were handed into the fhip, and then they wereajl entertained with dinner, and their boats crews with frefh China beef and grog ; in this manner we paffed an inter val of vexatious calm, that left no alternative, but' this* amufement. After' this, we had an unfuccefsfol breeze, that facilitated difcovery, and prevented all^further. attempts in the bay. From thefe officers we. ascertained the' Key Carlos was in the Cavita^ and moft likely a-ground there, , and that the Marquefetta had relanded her money again, in confequence of a fofpicious fhip appearing off the, iflands fome days ago (fuppofed to be the. Refiftance)..- Hepce the. moft lucrative part ai this eqterprize was fruftr»ted, but NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. l65 but the other was completely accomplished, that is, correft A. D. information of their naval force ; viz. Europa, 74 guns; '79-8 San Pedro, of 74 guns : Montaneger, of 74 guns ; Maria de Cabega, of 36 guns ; and Lucia, of 36 guns, all under equipment at the Arfenal ; but at that time nearly ready • with a number of guii-boats, all new and coppered, and apparently very well appointed for the. intended purpofe. " Had the wind been propitious^ that we could have kept incog, a little longer. I am induced to believe we Could have burnt not only their fhips of war, but the Arfe- hal, on the night of the 14th of January; in fhort, it is impoftible to fay what might not have been done, if we could have effected a noaurnal approach. By 4 o'clock in the afternoon we were difcovered to be enemies, fo as to Caufe general alarm round the bay. It was then time to be off, and to execute plans laid fortheY to the fouthwardj and, if poffible, precede information that we were among the iflands. The kind uSage to the prifoners while on board, and giving them the guard-boat, barge and feluccas to return on fhore in, without even obliging their officers to give their paroles, muft afford them, and the natives in particular, an high idea of Britifh generofity, and at the fame time pofitive contradiaion to the doarine of their priefts and alcaldies, who have taught them to believe the Englifh to be a very barbarous enemy. '* At this feafon of the year, in~ the fopppfed Security the Spaniards thought themfelves from the. moon foons, a "very few more fuch fhips and men, would" have taken the place with eafe. *' On the 15th of January, we left the bay, in com pany' with the three prize gun-boats, one of which was un fortunately loft on the night of the 19th, in a hard fquall ; it" is fuppofed foe filled and foundered — there were in her. Lieutenant Rutherford of the Fox, and Mr. Nicholfon midfhipman, from the fame Ship, and eleven feamen. From hence we coafted Mindora, Penay, Negros, and Majirtdanas, withoHt meeting any thing worthy attention, until the 23d, wheriwe arrived Off Samboangbn; when we were determined to attack the Spaniards, and anchored accordingly off their fort at a quarter- paft one. o'clock, and found them vigilantly upon their guard, ready fo repel all. our efforts; as foon as the fhips and gun -boats were placed, a Smart cannonading was kept up oh them, which M 3 they l66 NAT A* CHRONOLOGY. AD. they returned in a well dire&ed fire upon us. At three *79% o'clock, finding our Shot had done their fortifications very little hurt; the landing party was ordered into the boats, to attempt carrying the place by Storm and efcalade; on approaching the Shore, the enemy were perceived in filch numbers, and fo well armed to conteft the landing, and others in ambufh, ready to annoy and Cut off the retreat, that it was judged imprudent to hazard the attempt; the boats were therefore recalled, the cables cut, and the en- • terprize given up as impraaicable with our little force. In foe two hours we engaged the fort, Mr. Standings, , matter of the Sybille, was killed, and one marine; and another wounded ; on board the Fox there were four killed, one midfhipman, and 16 feamen and marines wounded." " 7*he Ships continued at anchor within three miles of this place, repairing the damages they had received until the 26th, when Captain Cooke proceeded to- China, to be ' ready to convoy the India Ships, firft flopping at Pollock harbour to complete his water ; here he unfortunately loft twelve of his men, who were attacked by the armed Klano's from arhbufh, among the mangroves, two were killed, and ¦ the reft were carried off.. Every effort to recover them was made without, fuccefs ; Captain Cooke ordered their deferted village to be burnt, arid on the 9th of February, failed for China, where he arrived on the 3d of March." - , On the 5th of April, the Princefs Amelia, Captain Ramfden, caught fire by fome accident off Enore, and was . entirely confomed, notwithftanding every exertion was ufed by the crew to extinguifli it. The number of fouls on board, including paffengers, amounted to 189, out of whom periftied, Mr. Millet, 5th mate, arid 39 others, Att account of the lofs of the Crocodile Snou\ in the, Gulph . of Manor, and the miraculous Efcape of her Crew, ' On the 29th, of May, foe failed from Trincomale, bound to Madras; on the ift of June, juft as they opened tjie Gulph of Manar, it came on to blow hard from the fouthward, with a tremendous crofs fea, which obliged them to-put before the wforl under an eafy fail, until day light, when the leaks gained on the pumps. The crew . and paffengers continued to bail and pump "till half paft feven; but without effea, it was then determined to aban don NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. l6/ ifon the .veffel, for, which purpofe the long-boat that was A.D. towing a-ftern, was hauled up, and 36 ofthe crew jumped l79% into her ; at this inftant a fea ftruck the veffel, and threw her on her beam-ends, by which unfortunate accident they were unable to procure any provisions, » In this Situation they continued for four days and a half, without a morfel to eat, when they fortunately reached Montapilly, Mr. Coutts and four children, three native , women and a child, from Cochin ; with Mrs. Walters and two children, from Point de Galle, were drowned i? the Snow. On the 24th of July, the Refiftance of 44 guns, com manded, by Captain Edward Pakenham, was by fome un known accident, blown up in the (traits of Banca; that va luable and excellent officer, with the whole of the crew (excepting four feamen), perifhed. Thomas Scott, one of the Seamen fayed from the Re-* fiftance, upon his arrival at Malacca, on the £th qf De cember, 1798, related on examination, foe following ac count of the lofs ofthe above unfortunate fhip, to the beft of his recolleftion ; together with his own and comrades Sufferings apd diftreffes to thp time of their releafe. •' That he formerly belonged tcahe Chefterfield Sou.th-fea whaler, from which fie remained at Timor Befar for three years, in the Dutch fervice, Jill the capture of that place, when he entered on board the Refiftance. *' That fhe met with a heavy gale of wfod^in the month of December, 1707, which continued for four days un abated ; and in which foe proved fq leaky, that her chain pumps were kept confiantly at vrork night and day; at length, in order jq lighten her, they were obliged to throw a number of her upper deck guns overboard. She then bore away for the Philippines, intending, as he believes, afterwards to fail for Ma'ac9ar Being in want of wood, water, and provisions, Captain Pakenham tried the expedi ent of hoifting Spanifh colours, as he cruized along Shore, till he, came tp art anchor nearly within reach ofthe guns of Antego. The deputy-governor of this town, and the captain of a Spanifh brig then lying at anchor: in the bay, accordingly came off to them; but difcovering their miftake, when too late, upon endeavouring to efcape,, were foon brought back and put,on board' by a boat frofn the Refiftance. Upon their affurances that they would do their M 4 utmoft 168 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. <$ KT>. utmoft to^have the wants of Captain Pakenham amply' 1 7'9^ fopplied, he generoufly foffered thern to return the fdm'e evening to the fhore. No part, ' however, of thefe fair prOfnifes being fulfilled, nor the likelihood of it, at five o'clock the next evening, Captain Pakenham fent his third lieutenant, ^Mr. Cuthbert, in the cutter, and an armed party, to cut out the Spanifh brig; in which attempt they fucceeded, though fired upon fmartly by the guns of the fort, within range of which fhe had anchored. Scott remem bers this'event to have happened onChrsftmas day. «' T^e Refiftance and her prize failed from thence, im mediately after, for Balambangan, at which place they ar rived in a few days. Having wooded and watered there, and procured a partial fupplyof rice as well as live ftock; the Ship continuing leaky, with blowing weather, Captain Pakenham and the prize fet fail from this place for the Ce lebes, and arrived in about eighteen days at Lirnby, near Munadbo, on that ifland. The fame evening that he an-' chored here he difpatched the brig to Amboy na, to fignify his diftrefs for fupplies ; in cohfequence of which the Bom bay frigate was fent off from thence, on the arrival of the ' brig, to his relief. After Slaying a week or more at Lim by, and having with fome, difficulty colfeaed what he ' could prdvide^for the remaining part of the voyage to Am- boyna, he weighed anchor and failed for that place, falling in with the Bo'mbay frigate and the .fupplies fent him on board her in feven days after off the ifland of Booroo. " Having arrived at Amboyna, and remained there about two months repairing and refitting, the Refiftance failed to Booroo, where refrelhments and Stock, as well as wood and water, were more abundantly and conveniently to be .procured than at the 'former place. From Booroo fhe. de parted for" Banda about' a fortnight after, but fpringing a leak off Amboyna, was obliged to put back again to the former ifland. ¦ . , " Early in July the failed from thence again, and run ning clofe along the fhore of Java, took a Dutchbrig off the town of Senfoi, which, being in ballaft and of .little vialue, was releafed the fame night. The Refiftance next Steered her courfe for the Straits of Banca, which having made inabout five days, foe there Sell in with a fleet of about fourteen pirate prows at anchor under the land of Banca, each capable of Containing fifty or fixty men. In'order to board NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. \Qn board and examine one of the largeft of thefe, Captmn Pa- A.D. kenham manned three of his boats ; hut the Malays, in the l798 prow, for fome time refufed permiffio'n to Lieutenants Cuthbert and Mackay to come on board of them. As thefe officers, however, perfifted in accomplishing their orders, the Malays at length Suffered it without oppofnion, but it was found impoffible to effea their purpofe of Searching them for Dutch property and papers ; for fuch was the ferment among the Malays on board, that to avoid the confequences, with which they were threatened for in filling on this examination, they were obliged to infure their fafety by a hafty retreat over the fide and return to their own fhip. Captain Pakenham refented this condua by the difcharge of fome of his twelve pounders, which foon difperfed the pirates, and fent them into fhoal water uncler the land. " Having weighed anchor about nine o'clock the next morning, and cut out a Malay Sloop that had been captured by the pirates on her way from Batavia, and was left at her anchors when they deferted her the preceding nightj Captain Pakenham proceeded with her on his voyage down the Straits. As the Sloop was prefumed to be Dutch pro perty, the papers belonging to which her Malay captain was fofpeaed of having deftroyed, and if condemned would have been of fome value, being laden with cloth, fait, and other merchandize, fhe was detained till the evening after the fecond day -from her re-capture, when if was intended that her commander ((till on board the Refiftance) fhould be re stored to his veffel, and herfelf releafed. With a view to this, the Refiftance came to an anchor in the Straits of Banca, at an early hour in the evening on the 23d of July, as the floop had at that time fallen fo much aftern as to be entirely out of fight ; and the latter joined about one o'clock the next morning, and dropped anchor under the ftern ofthe "" Refiftance. • " The officer of the depk, Lieutenant Cuthbert, hailed > the floop in order to put her com'mander on board; but not being heard, reconciled the Mala'y captain to this fhort further detention, bv the affurance that he fhould depart for his veffel with the morning's dawn : a dawn, alas ! neither was to See; For Scott, the narrator, Sleeping on the ku> board fide of the quarter-deck, (as it was fo fine a night that he did^not wifh to retire to his birth below) was fod- denly J70 ' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. denly awakened by a fierce blaze, that feized his clothe* 1798 and hair, fucceeded in an inftant by a tremendous explofion, from the foock of which, he conje&uresy he became utterly " fenfelefs for five minutes or more. '« He computes this dreadful accident to have taken place about four o'clock in the morning, (24th -of July,, 1798*) from the day appearing about an hour after he was blown up ; but how it did or could happen, circumftanced as the lhip then was, he profeffes himfelf totally unable to offer an opinion, or hazard a conjeaure. " When he recovered a little, he found himfelf half fuf- jfocated with water, floating and 'Struggling, with twelve Others in the fame fituation, the, fmall remainder of the fine Ship's company to which they had juft belonged./ He made Shift, with thefe, to reach the netting of the fhip on the Starboard fide, Which juft remained above the water. ' " At the dawn of the day the people belonging to the Sloop, then, not out of hail aftern, who muft ealily have difcovered the condition of the wreck, and heard the re peated Shouts ofthe wretched beings who were clinging to it, callous. to every impulfe of humanity, after the dif charge of a fingle mufket, having weighed anchor, Stood ,' over, without regarding their fituation, to the ifland of Borea. The weather continuing mild and the water fmooth, they fet to work about eleven o'clock in the fore, noon, to make a raft of fuch pieces of timber, as they were able to pick up around them : they were fortuaately enabled to accomplish this by means of the main-yard, which, lying alongfide the wreck, furnifhed therp with ropes fufficient for lathings, it alfo gave them cloth for fail, which they, fixed to the mall of the jolly-hoaL. and, they completed their tafk by making a platform uppnVitof fuel* planks as they, could find. " Frorn the foock and feve're Scorching that one and all of the furvivors had experienced, they were unable to acT complifh their work before ope o'clock P.M. in faft, four or five only of the number were left in any cu-cumftance to bear a part in it, the united, labpur of whom! was very infufficient to feCure, as it ought; the' raft they had thuj contrived. The folicitude they muft have felt in .their, di$ trefsful condition, to reach the Shore before night, wasconr fitjerably augmented by the circuniftarice that ,the piece of , the wreck by which foey clung would only bear the weight of NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. lj\ of two of the moft mattered amongft them, (James Sulli- A.D. van and Robert .Pulloynp, feamen,) and whom the comJ *79^ paffion of their comrades had agreed accordingly, to give the preference to, by mounting them upon it ; a Single pumpkin being, at the fame time, the amount of all the fuftenance the whole party had to depend on. " Having committed themfelves to this raft, they made fail for the neareft fhore, which was the low land of Suma tra, diftant about three leagues, and fix leagues to the fouth- ward of the Dutch fettlement of Palanfoang. About feven o'clock it came on to blow frefh, and the fea ran high, with a Strong current then Setting againft them. They were yet a confiderable diftance from the land, when the lath ings of their raft began to give way, and itfelf to part. Not only every plank of the platform was prefently wafhed off; but, to complete the nrifery of their fituation, their malt and fail were carried away. But refource, not de- fpair, is the charaaer of a Britifh feaman. Seeing an an chor ftock, which had been lately a part of the raft, and which promifed more fecurify to thofe who might be able to reach it, floating a confiderable way frpm them, T> Scott, being the flouted of the party, refolved to fwim after it, and encouraging Qnarter-mafter Alexander M'Carthy, John Nutton, and'Jofeph Scott, feamen, to follow his example, they all four brought it in fafety. " It was, at this time, one o'clock A.M. and clear moon light, eight poor fouls ftill remained by the raft, (Pulleyne being dead) who feeing this part of their number, from whofe exertions alone a ray of hope appeared, thus confult their own fafety by the only poffible chance for it, bewailed their feparation bitterly. "The adventurers on the anchor-Stock loft fight in an other hour of the forlorn companions of their diftrefs, and never heard or faw them more. , " By means of two fparsT lafhed acrofs to keep the flock from rolling, they continued to be borne in fafety upon it till about nine o'clock next rnorning, when the current, changing again, fetrthem fad towards the land; tinder the lee of which, though they had been driven out further to fea than they were whert they left the .wreck they fortunately arrived, with the help of a paddle, about nine o'clock the fame night (25th). Some furf running along the Shore, they found it a matter of no lefs difficulty, in , . ¦ ' , rt their 1 X7%' , NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. AiD. their .exhaufted and weakly ftate, after again betaking them, '79$ Selves' to fwimming, to reach the beach. " Having thus providentally efFe&ed their eScape from ' the dangers of the deep, others no lefs formidable flared • - 'them in the face upon this defart coaft ; or a coaft, if not defert, preffed only by the footfteps of men Scarce lefs favage than the wild beafts that roam its adjoining thickets.. Tne firft care of the feameri, after their fatigues and fufferings, was to gather leaves and dry gfafs, with which foey made themfelves a bed, whereon to repofe. On this they Slept found till morning, when, awakened by the call of thrift, they went to look for water, which they found at hand; but no manner of refrefhment could they difcover befides, . rot even a Angle fhell-fifo. «' In this deplorable condition, and almoft- naked, (a •Single jacket and a couple of Shirts being their whole ftock of clothes) they remained ftarving tilt about four o'clock the fame afternoon, (26th) being a terrri of three whole nights and two days, from the time of their being blown up j when Straggling along the fhore, and almoft in utter defpair of all human fuccour, one of the party difcovered a- Malay prow, lying in a bight, hardly a quarter of a mile from them. ljjpon this they confulfed'what was beft to be done; and it was refolved that T. Scott, being able to talk the Dutch and Malay tongues fluently, fhould approach it fingly, while the reft kept out of fight. And well it was for them that fuch was the plan and precaution they obferved ; for, had they all advanced together, unarmed and defencelefs as they were, it is' almoft a moral certainty that not a life would have been Spared. On a nearer approach he prefently difcovered four more pirate prows with the firft, fome of the people , belonging to which were at work on the fhore,. repairing a boat. - On perceiving Scott, their head man immediately made towards him with an uplifted axe in his hand ; upon a loud Shout by whom, a erowd followed, equally determin ed to put him to death. But falling upon his knees, and fupplicating for mercy in their own tongue, the chief reT lented, and forbade any of his people to do their prifoner harm. They afked him eameftly what countryman he was? From whence ne came? and what he wanted among them? He replied, he was an unfortunate Eng- lifhmanj one of a fmall remainder that Survived the accident which had lately befallen his Ship. They repeated the queftion» . SNAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 1^3 queftion, " whether he was aaualiy an Englifhman," and A.D. charged him, if a man of the Dutch nation belonged to the '79s number faved, .that he Should difcover him to them at his peril. Being anfwered in the negative, the chief, (or rajah as they Styled him) enquired particularly whether their cap tain furvived? In which cafe he would undertake himfelf to convey them all fafe to Malacca ; but his people, as well as the Malay chief himfelf, vowed that if the party that ac cident had thus put into their hands had been, Dutch, no confideration fhoiild have induced them to (hew quarter to a Single man, " Some of the pirates were now direaed to where the feamen were, who prefently returned with them, trembling under the moft alarming apprehenfions that they fhould be maffacred as they conceived Scott had already been; for they had feen the latter Surrounded by an angry and threat ening crowd, themfelves being then undifeovered. *' On their arrival all four were made to fit down till they fully Satisfied their curiofity, by afking a thoufand queftibns relating to the fhip, and their prifoners. The next ftep the pirates took; ;was to divide the captives, each of "the Rajahs takihg two into his own boat; the quar ter-matter and Hutton into one, the two Scotts into the Other. , ¦" It was now paft fix o'clock, P.M. when the al-moft; famifhed feamen *at laft hart the wants cf nature relieved by a plentiful meal of fifh and rice, which was ferved to them in each ofthe boats. v " The time allowed for this -refreshment being expired, the five prows- immediately put'off forlthe RefiftanCe's wreck ; but after a vain fearch for two whole days, they returned without being able to pick up any part of the Ship or of' her contents. -Some feamens chefts, containing a few dollarsa'nd articles of little value, however, and a few of the bodies, continued to be wafhed afhore from time to time fome days after. " While thefe five prows, which formed a part of a fleet of eighteen Or twenty,; that were djftributed along tbe land, remained cruizing, Separately up and down, the Straits on the look oat for trading craft from China, Java, &c. (which might be about three weeks), the Malays continued to be have fo well towards their prifoners As toieave them no great £aufe to complain. Soon 174 'NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. * A.D. Soon ufter the prows arrived at the ifland of Lingafy *7°8 where the Englifhmen were feparated, and Thomas.Scott, the only one left in the poffeffion bf the Malays 5 the Sul tan of that, ifland having generoufly ranfomed and fet at liv berfy the others, who had been fortunately carried to the capital of that ifland. Some time, after Scott was releafed from his captivity, in cohfequence- of a letter from Major Taylor, commanding at Malacca, requesting the foltati's • attention and relief to any of the crew of his Majefty's 'Ship which might be found in thofe parts; and he arrived at Malacca on the 5th of December. A Lift of the Officers, Ship's Company, i&c. belonging te, er on board his Majefty's Ship Refiftance, when Jhe blew tip, as well as Scott can recolleh. , , Captain Edward Pakenham; Mr. — — , ditto. Mr. Houghton, ift lieut. Three mafter's-mates. Mr. Giithbert, 2d lieut. Mr. Brown, mafter at arm?. \ Mr. Macky, 3d lieut. Mr. Evans, cockfwain. _''„; Mr. Powis, furgeon. Mr. , furgeoris-rnate< ..Mr-.'Huft, mafter. Sergeant Stevens, marines. Mr. Rofenhag'en, It. marines Five qiiar.ter-maflers. Mr. Mercer, purfer. Four boatfwain's mates. Mr. Pike, boatfwain. About 39, marines and 250 '•' Mr. Dawfon, gunner. feamen. Mr. — ; , carperiter. Three Englifh women, mar- Mr.Hafgood, mafter 's-mate: ried on board. Mr. Walfo, midfhipman. One Malay woman of Am- Mr. Derham, ditto. , boyna. Mr. Courtney ditto. Fourteen Spanifh prifoners, ', Mr, Wolfe, midfhipman. - taken in the prize. Mr. -, ditto. A light-houfe has been ereaed at Madras, by the Ex change Committe. The light is nineteen feet above" the level of the fea, at' h'igh water; and can be feen above twenty miles at fea. The Southern part, of the Pulicat Shoals bears from the light-houfe N.E. | E;- about twelve miles. To keep clear of the fooal the light Should always , bear to the weftward of S.W. i' W. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. \*j i On the ift of Auguft, the honorable Eaft India Com- A.D. pany gave rank to the officers of their marine in India, f79* who, on important occafibn?, efpecially during\war, are affociated with , the military, amd often co-operate with them. The commodore to rank with a colonel in the army. Captains of, the larger veffels of 28 guns and upwards, to rank with lieutenant-colonels in the army. Firft lieutenants to rank with captains in the army. Second lieutenants, with lieutenants in the army. The fuperintendant of the marine, in confideration of the importance 'of his office, is to be next to the members in council. The maftet; attendant next to the fuperintendant, and fit above the commodore. On the 1 8th Oaober the Company's cruizer, the Drake, Captain Bond, failed from Bombay, with prefents' from the merchants to the, King of Baba, for his hofpjtality and hu mane attention to the. crew ofthe Neptune, which had been eaft away on the coaft of Madagafcar. The Drake arrived at that ifland towards the end of the month, at which time the King of Baba, was a few days journey diftant. A mef- fenger was difpatched with the information, and an officer fent in the cutter, up the river, to tried him. On the 7th ^November the" king came down, and received the prefents in the midft of his nobles, with all the pageantry of a court. It was a long 'time before he could be made to understand the objea of the expedition: nor could he then conceal his furprize, that the Company fhould have thought it necef fary to fend him a remuneration for exercifing vqhat he con ceived to be the common duties of hofpitality,, More than once he enquired of Captain, Bond, " Whether among the *' number of thofe who had Shared his proteaion, he had a ** relation or friend." Upon receiving an anfwer in the - negative, he unaffeaedly replied, " Then wherefore have " you come thus far, and taken fo, much trouble." At length he was made fenfible that tbe Englifh owned themfelves in debted to his hofpitality, and in the, prefents, which had been delivered, had acknowledged, the obligation: Two cuf- toms appeared Angular and truly laughable at the court of this king : the one of making the thi'one ofthe knees of two women, who each bending one knee upon the earth -to fupport thjmfelves, projea the other as a feat foijfehis ¦ v- MajeWy. 176 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY'. A.D. majefty. The other is the rnbde in which the king mounted *?9* anddefeended the fides of the-fhip, when he embtrked for cu riofity on board the Drake, which was always uponthe back of one of his lords in waiting. A moft liberal fiibfcription was made at Calcutta, for the benefit of the widows, and children of the feamen and marines, who fell in the battle at Aboukir Bay, on.the ift of Auguft: it amounted to 56,700 ruppees. I?99 Supplies granted for the fea fervice, ' > 120,000 feamen, and 20,000 marines 1 „ oo* „„_ rt : > 2,000,000 1.0 0 wages - ..- J Viauals' - - 2,964,000 0 0 Wear and tear, &c. - 4,680,000 0 - 0 Ordinary . J> - - 399,000 0 0 Ordnance, including half pay - 729,063 6 7 Building and repairs, and extra work, 693,750 0 0 Tranfport fervice, and prifoners of "i _ ¦ ,- • .1. 1.. r ? 1,311,200. o 0 war, in health, - J '-1 ' - Total for fea fervice, - 13,654,013 6 7 Total fupplies for the year, - 44,7^2,923 3 4-i Flag Officers employed.,. Officers. - Rank. Ships. '- Gum. Portfmouth, Sir P. Parker, Bf. Ad. of the White, R. William 8f • ^^^Milbank,Efq.Ad.Vthe1ditto Mo\ Ocleber, Sir R. Rickerton, Bart. Rear T . , ,. /w;„ Ad. of the Blue, - j no Particular fhip Plymouth, Sir RichardJCirig, , Bt. Admiral bf the 7 ^ t - , o, , .Blue,, - . j Cambridge »4 April, Sir T. Paifley, Bart. Vice Ad."l ,. t 1 ofthe Red, - )dl«0 Down!> , ,, NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 177 Downs, A£* '799 ), Peyton, Efq. Admiral of the Blue, Overyffel 64 ^"ihe^R^T1^6' -Ef<1' Vi-C A<1" °f }no Particular ftiP Nore, S.Lutwidge, Efq: Vice Ad. ofthe Red, Zealand 64 April, A. Mitchel, Efq. Vice Ad. of the\ j. Blue, - - J Auguft, A. Gneme, Efq. Vice Ad. of\ ,. ' the White. - - /aitto Cork, R. Kingfmill, Efq. Admiral of trie Blue, no particular Ship v Channel Fleet, Lord Bridport, Admiral of the White, Royal George 1 10 Sir A. Gardner, Bt. Admiral ofthe Blue, R. Sovereign 110 Sir C Thompfon, Bt. Vice Ad. of the \ ^ ^^ Blue, - J ^- Lord H. Seymour, Vice Ad. of the Blue, Sans Pareil ; 84 *Sir C. Cotton, Bart. Rear Ad. of *e\prjnce g" Red, - / *C. Collingwood, Rear Ad. of the jTriumph ^ 0^.lt£^d}^Rear}T-^ * *Hon. G. C. Berkeley, Rear Ad. oft Mars the Blue, - J ¦ ,vr 0^ra.JoS;o,Bt-K'B'}^»» » North Sea, Lord Duncan, Ad. ofthe White, Kent 74 Sir R. Onflow, Bt. Admiral ofthe Blue, Monarch 74 A. Dickfon, Efq. Vice Ad. of the Red, Monmouth 64 A. Mitchell, Efq* Vice Ad. of the Blue„Ifis 50 Lifbon and Mediterranean, Earl of St. Vincent, Ad< of the White, Ville de Paris 110 Lord Keith, Vice Ad. of the Red, Fpudfoyant 80 * Marked thu6 advanced to the rank of flagofficers in February. Vol. III. N ., Sir 178 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A,D. Sir R. Curtis, Bt. Vice Ad. ofthe White, Prince, 98 '799 Sir W. Parker, Bt. Vice Ad. of-thelprince George 68 White, - - / , & ' Lord Nelfon, Rear Ad. of the Red, Vanguard 74 T. L. Frederick, Efq. Rear Ad: of the "I Princefs Royal q8 " Red, - J 3 *J. T. Duckworth, Efq. Rear Ad. ofl Leviathan 74 the WThite, - J ' North America, G. Vandeput, E'fq. Ad. of the Blue, Afia 64 Newfoundland, Hon. W. Waldgrave, Vice Ad. of the "1 A . 6 / Red, -. '.f , J: * ¦ Leeward Iflands. H. Harvey, Efq. Vice Ad. of , the Vp< of Wakg- - White, - J Lord H. Seymour, Vice Ad. of the Blue, -Tamer 38, _ Jamaica, Sir H. Parker, Bart. Ad. of the Blue, Queen,, 98 R. Rodney Bligh,Efq. Vice Ad. ofthe W^j-;^ -, White. - - _ jjM-uiuwiut w Cape of Good Hope, - , G. Lofack, Efq. Senior Captain . Jupiter 50 SirR. Curtis, Bt. Vice Ad. of the White, Lancafter 64 Eaft- Indies,' . P. Rainier,wEfq. Vice Ad. ofthe Blue, Suffolk 74 *J. Blankett, Efq. Rear Ad. ofthe White, Leopard 50 Admiral Milbank, fucceeded Sir Peter Parker, who was advanced to the rank of admiral of the flee£, on the death of Earl Howe. _Sir Richard Bickerton was appointed in Oaober additional port admiral, and had his flag in Portf mouth harbour on board of no particular fhip. _' Upon the death of Sir Charles Thompfon,t Rear Admi- * Promoted to Sag officers m February. .+ The Freedom of the City of London had been voted'iji a gold'box to this gallant officer, .who, dying before it could.be prefented, the. City therefore prefented it to his widow, as a memento of the high eftimation in which the Citizens of London held the. lervices ot her deceafcd hufband. ral NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. ljg ral Whtffhed hoifted his flag on board the Queen Charlotte, AiD. and foon after failed to join the Lifbon fleet. In May he '799 returned home in the Barfleur ; and in Auguft had his flag on board the Temeraire in the Channel fleet. Lord Hugh Seymour was appointed to the command of the fleet atthe Leeward Iflands, and failed in the Tamer frigate; upon Vice Admiral Harvey's return to England in the Concorde, . he hoifted his flag on board the Prince of Wales. ...,~ Sir Riehard Onflow having1 retired from the North Sea fleet, Vice Admiral' Dickfon hoifted his, flag on board the Monarch. « Sir Roger Curtis returned to England early in the year, , and was afterwards appointed to the command at the Cape of Good Hope, vacant by the death of Sir Hugh Clobery Chriftian, K. B. Lord Keith removed" his flag from the Foudroyant to the, Barfleur, and from thence to the Queen Charlotte, and returned to England in September ; he again failed for the Mediterranean in November. Earl St. Vincent returned home in the Argo^ and ftruck his flag j as did Sir William Parker, and Rear Admiral Frederick. Lord NelSon hoifted his flag on board the Foudryant from , the Vanguard. Vice Admiral Bligh returned home from the Weft-In dies, and ftruck his flag. Sir John Borlafe Warren firft hoifted his flag on board the Temeraire, and then to the Renown. On the 14th of February his Majefty was gracioufly pleafed to order the following promotion of flag officers. Sir Chaloner Ogle, Knt. Vifcount Hood, Sir Richard Hughes, Bart. John Elliot, Efq. Lord Hotham, > Jofeph Peyton, Efq be Ad ^ f ^ John Carter Allen, Efq. r Wh;tp . Sir Charles Middleton, Bart. Sir Richard King, Bart. Philip Affleck, Efq. Earl of St. Vincent, K. B. - Vifcount Duncan. N 2 Richard Admirals of the Blue to be Adn White. 180 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. 1799 Richard Braithwaithe, Efq. Philips Cofoy, ESq. Samuel Cornifh, Efq. John Brifoane, Efq. Charles' Wolfeley, Efq. Samuel Cranflon Goodall, Efq. H. R. H. Duke of Clarence, Sir Richard Onflow, Bart. Robert Kingsmill, Efq. Sir George Bowyer, Bart. Sir Hyde Parker, Knt. Benjamin Caldwell, Efq. Hon. William Cornwallis. Vice Admirals of the y Red to be Admirals ofthe Blue. William, Allen, Efq. John Macbride, Efq. George Vandeput, Efq. Charles Buckner, Efq. John Gell, Efq." . William Dickfon, Efq. Sir Alan Gardner, Bart. Vice Admirals of the White to be Admi rals of the Blue. - Robert Linzee,' Efq. Sir James Wallace, Knt. William Pere Williams, Efq. Sir James Pafley, Bart. John Symons, , Efq. Sir Thomas Rich, Bart. Sir Charles Thompfon, Bart. James Cumming, Efq. Sir John Colpoys, K. B. Skeffington Lutwidge, Efq. Archibald Dickfon, Efq. George Montagu, Efq. * Thomas Dumarefq, Efq. Lord Keith, K.B. James Pigot, Efq. Hon. William Waldgrave. Vice Admirals of the Blue to be Vice Ad mirals of the Red. Thomas NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. Thomas Mackenzie, Efq, Thomas Pringle, Efq. Sir Roger Curtis, Bt,. Henry Harvey, Efq. Robert Mann, Efq. Sir William Parker, Bart. Ch. H. Everitt Calmady, Efq. John Bourmafter, Efq. Sir George Young, Knt. John Henry, Efq. Richard Rodney Bligh, Efq. Alexander Graeme, Efq. George Keppel, Efq. Samuel Reeve, Efq. Robert BiggSj Efq. Francis Parry, Efq. Ifaac Prefcott, Efq. John Bazeley, Efq. Ghriftopher Mafon, Efq. ¦< Thomas Spry^ Efq. Sir John Orde, Bt.' William Young, Efq. , James Gambier, Efq. Andrew Mitchell, Efq. Charles Chamberlayne, Efq. Peter Rainier, Efq. Lord Hugh Seymour. John Stanhope, Efq. Christopher Parker, Efq. Phillip Patton, Efq. Charles Maurice Pole, Efq. , John Browne, Efq. John Leigh Douglas, Efq. William Swiney, Efq. Charles Edmund Nugent j Efq. Charles -Powell Hamilton, Efq. Edmund Dod, Efq. Lord Nelfon, K.B. Thomas Lenox Frederick, Efq. Sir George Home, Bart. Sir Charles Cotton, Bart. N3 181 A.D. »799 Rear Admirals of the >- Red to be Vice Ad mirals ofthe White. , Rear Admirals of the" V White jo be Vice Admirals of the Blue. Rear Admirals, of the Blue to be Rear Ad mirals of the. Red. Captain?, 182 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. 1799 Captains. Matthew Squire, Roddam Home, John Thomas. } To be Rear Admirals of the Red, James Brinej John Pakenham, J SirErafmus Gower, Knt. John Halloway, John Blankett, George Wilfon, Sir Charles Knowles, ,Bart. Hon. Thomas Pakenham, Robert Deane, Cuthbert Collingwood, James Hawkins Whitfhed, Arthur Kempe, Smith D. Child, . Lord Charles Fitzgerald, Thomas Taylor, John Thomas Duckworth. John Knowles, John Willet Payne, Sir Robert Calder, Bart. James Richard Dacres, - ~ v l Hon. George Berkeley, Thomas Weft, James Douglas, Peter Aplin, ; Henry Savage, Bartholomew Samuel Rowley, Sir Richard Bickerton, Bart. George Bowen, Robert Montagu, John Ferguffon, Edward Edwards, ' Sir John Borlafe Warren, Bt. and K.B. To be Rear Admirals of the White. To be Rear Admirals of th? Blue. OCCURRENCES', NAVAL CHftffNOLOGY. 183 OCCURRENCES AT AND NEAR HOME* A ft' 1799 On the 3d of January, the Woolverine of 12 guns, and 70 men, commanded by Captain Mortlock, failed from the Downs ; being the next day off Bologne, foe difcovered two French luggers, one mounting 16 guns, the other 14, with 140 men each ; the weather being thick and foggy, fhe was' clofe to them before they faw one' another. Captain Mortlock knew if they fofpeaed the Woolverine to be a fhip of war, tbey would make off; He therefore put her head towards them and hoifted Danifh colours. The luggers immediately bore down, and came, within hail. Being hailed by them, Captain Mortlock anfwererl he was from Plymouth, for Copenhagen ; referving his fire till they fhould come a-brealt of him. One of the luggers Was dofe upon the flarboard quarter, and had her bow- fprit between the mizen chains and the fide of the Wool verine. Captain Mortlock inftantly hoifted Englifh co lours, and the aaion commenced with mufquetry; having lafhed thebowfprit of the lugger himfelf, to one of the iron -ftafoehions, or mizen chains ; in order to prevent her efcape. The- other lugger meanwhile foot a-head, and- got on the larboard bow of the Woolverine, tunning on board , of her. In this pofition foe was boarded by the enemy three times, from both the veffels; but every French man engaged in thefe attempts, was killed. At onetime the crew of the lugger On the larboard bow, made fo de- , fperate an attack, that it required the affiftahce of almoft every man in fhe4 Woolverine to repulfe them. At the fame time an equally daring effort was made by the lugger - on the quarter, arid many Frenchmen were aaually-on board the Woolverine, but were killed by the intrepid gal lantry of Captain Mort'ock and his brave crew. One. Frenchman in particular, .was obferved to-cheer his met^ and force ttiem to come on by beating them with the flat ' of his fword. This man got on the round-houfe of the Woolverine and gave three cheers to encourage the. reft fo follow him. He was foppofed to be the captain of the lugger. Captain Mortlock ran up to difpute . with . him the poffeffion of his poft. The Frenchman prefented a^piftol to Captain Mortlock 's face, which fortunately miffed * "39 * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 374, Fleet employed at horne ; and No. 1, Guardibips, &c. "' , ; N 4 fire. 184 naval chronology; A-D- fire. He again cocked his piftol, but Captain Mortlock; *799 plunged his half pike into his body before he could fire, and he feU overboard. The Frenchrrien now threw fome leather bags which were filled with combuftibles from the lugger into the windows of the Woolverine's cabin, which immediately fet her on fire. The whole crew were obliged to leave the enemy for the. purpofe of extinguifhing the flames; bf which circumftance they availed thdmfelves to - diferitangle their veffels, and made off with all fail fet. In this conflidr. the Wodlverine had two men killed and eight wounded j among the latter, her brave commander, who received fo defperate a wound from a fhot that was fired from the enemy, while they were going off, that , he died at Portfmouth on the ioth. Captain Mortlock received two or three flight wounds previous to the laft fatal one. The following is the account which the owners of the above luggers reamed La Ruffe et Le Furet, gave to the minister of marine on their arrival at Boulogne. ^ Boulogne, January $th, 1795,'* " An event has juft occurred here, which reminds us of the intrepid exploits of the ancient Buccaqeers, a,tjd, to" which too much publicity cannot be given. " On the 13th of this month (Jan. 2). the luggers Le Ryffe, Captain Pierre Audibert, and Le Furet^ Captain, Dennis Fourmentin, (one of the four brothers who have fo often fignalized themfelves fince the commencement of the war,) went out of this road in very foggy weather ;.in about'an hour after, they obferved a.veffel with three mails and about 600 tons, which, from the make and rigging they foppofed to be a Letter of Marque. Notwithstand ing the great foperiority of the enemy, the attack was no fooner propofed, than it was refolved upon. Cries of vive la Repubhque! refounded on board both luggers at the fame moment when the order was given to prepare for aftion. ." The two luggers made fail towards the enemy, Le * t U-T^efi-na Up, withher> and "P?n her being hailed, She hoifted Danifh colours'; but captain Fourmentin was not long m difcovenng that the pretended Dane was an En- ' ghfh corvette. She received him With a broadfide from her NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. J85 her 1 8 pounders, filled With grape fhot, and a brifk fire of A-D. rrwfquetry. ¦ , x799 " Captain Fourmentin had no refource left but boards ing} grapplings were inftantly thrown on bpard the En glifh veffel, and a defperate battle enfoed for about 20 minutes. Meanwile Captain Audibert came up and grap pled the ftern of the enemy, at the very moment when le Furet difabled, and.havfogi twenty men killed and wounded, was obliged to give way. They then engaged on both fides with great? fury, and a terrible fire took place, which lafted for about an hour. The French were quite expofed in a weak veffel, and were obliged to fire almoft: , perpendicular upwards, The Englifh on the contrary, poured their grape fhot down upon the lugger, and were fhejr teredby high tipper works. The fire of th&French, however, obliged them to leave the quarter deck, and to rendezvous pn the forecaftle. It was, then that believing himfelf about to be tafeen, the Englifh captain ordered the Danifh colflurs to be pulled down, and the Englifh to be hoifted. " Captain Audibert took this opportunity to attempt boarding. Three of his crew got upon the poop and fuf- tained the fire of 40 or .50 marines from the forecaftle. The enemy was about to furrender, when a cry of fire was fet pp ; tjje wadding and combuftibles Shot through the cabin windows had aaualiy Set fire to it. "¦ Captain Audibert then thought it prudent to abandon his obje£l, left his own veifel fhould be blown up with his enemy. - He cut the lathings on the helm, hoifted his Sails, and returned to port without any attempt on the part of the Englifh to oppofe him.'' " This action which covers the two captains and their crews with glory, has coft the lives of a number of repub licans. The, brave Fourmentin Survived this , glorious aaion only ten hours ; he had five men killed and fifteen wounded, five of the latter mortally, Captain Audibert has loft his 'firft and ( fecond lieutenants, both officers of tried courage ; another, officer, two feamen, and five others are mortally wounded. According to the reports ofthe crews of both luggers ; the Englifh lofs muft- have been confide- > ra.ble." On the 6th of January, the fhip Lancafter, of Lancafler, Captain Wilfon, was attacked off the Start, by a large French Privateer, mounting 20 guns ; which after a fmart conteft 180 NAVAL CHRONOLdGY. A.D. conte'Sl of two hours, She obliged to Sheer off; the Lanoafe r799 put in to Cork much fluttered, with^he lofs of one man killed and four wounded; On the 7th of January, the Apollo of 38 guns, Gap- tain Halkett, was loft on the coaft of Holland in chace of a Dutch ftiip ; the captain and crew were- faved* by a Pruf-* fian fhip which went down to their affiftance. 'On the 15th, Captain "Halkett was tried by a court-martial- on board' the Monmouth, for the lofs of the above fhip ; and nothing' appearing to criminate him in the leaft, he was acquitted. The pilot, through whoSe negfea the fhip was }oft, was broke. - - ' n On the '8th of January, a court-martial was held, oh board his Majefty's fhip Andromeda, in the-river MedwaJT, on Robert K.' Percy, commander ofthe Louifa gun-veflMj on a charge of defrauding fome feamen of their bounty money. The charge being fully proved, tbe court adjudged him to two years imprisonment in the Marfbalfea, to be muiaed of his pay, arid rendered incapable of employment in his Majefty's fervice. On the 16th, Sir Alan Gardner arrived at Spithead; with the fquadron under his command, from a Cruize off Breft. On the 17th of January, Sir Charles Thomfon failed on a cruize from Spithead. with eight fail of the line.* On the 19th, Captain George Murray was acquitted' by the fentence of a court-maitial, for the lofs of his^ Majefty's Ship tfie Coloffus, on the 7th of December laft, on the Scilly iflands. 1 In the fame month/ Lieutenant Jones, -pf the, Senfibte frigate, was fentenced by a court-martial -^t Portfmouth, to be difmiffed his Majefty's fervice, rendered incapable of ferving agairf as an officer, and muiaed, of all his prize , money! The charges exhibited againft him were, that he _took 50 men over the bar at Lifbon, and did not return "them fofoon as directed ; for leaving the convoy. and going into Falmouthj, with a fair wind up the'Channel, inftead of proceeding to Spithead or the Downs, and for embez zling part of the cargo. , On the 31ft of January, Lieutenant Moringcourt was tried by a conrt-foartial, held on board the Gladiator in * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 375V Portfmouth NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 18? Portfmouth, harbour, and fentenced to be reprimanded ; the A.Di charge of inattention while cruizing on the coaft of France, 1 799 by which the Arethufa got on Shore, being proved. '¦ ¦. On the ift of February, the Proferpine frigate, com manded by Captain James Wallis, having orTboard foe, Hon. Mr. Grenville and Suite, on his way. to Berlin, was unfortunately loft in the river Elbe. The following is the official account given by Captain Wallis to Vice Admiral Dickfon. " Newark Tfland, Feb. t8, 1799. " Sir, * u It is with infinite concern I am to inform you ofthe lofs of his Majefty's fhip Proferpine, late under my com mand, in the river Elbei on Friday morning the ift inftant, having failed from Yarmouth the preceding Monday at noon, in compliance with the order you were pleafed to give me. Npthing material happened from that - time until Wednefday morning following ; when being clofe in with the Heligoland, I made a fignahfor a pilot, which I very foon got on board: it being a fiqe day, with the wind at N. N. E. we proceeded for the Red Buoy, where we an chored for the night : here we found that the buoys had been taken up ; and a confultation in the prefence of Mr. Gren ville, took place with the Heligoland pilot', and the two belonging to the Ship, who profeffeda thorough knowledge ofthe river as to the praaicability of getting up the river without the buoys : they all agreed there was not the frriall- eft danger or fear of our getting to Cuxhaven, if I would only proceed on between half ebb and half flood; that in that cafe they would fee the Sands, and that they knew their marks perfeaiy well. In the morning we got under weigh, having a very fine day, with a fmall breeze at N. N.E. and proceeded up the river ; the Prince of Wales packet, who kept company with us from Yarmouth, ftanding on N a-head of us. In the afternoon about >, four o'clock, being • within four miles of Cuxhaven, it began .to fnow, and it came on very thick, which obliged us to anchor ; at this time we faw but little ice in the river. At nine P. M. the wind Shifted to E. by S. and blew the moft dreadful fnow ftorm that can be' imagined, and which brought down fuch v torrents of heavy ice on us with the ebb, that, With all hands on deck, it was with the greateft difficulty, and ufing every " 188 NAYAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. every precaution to prevent the cables being cut, that we *799 preferved our Station till the morning. At eight o'clock the flood tide having nearly carried the ice up, which left an opening a-head, and feeing the river all blocked up above us, with the packet a-fhore, and no poffibility of either, landing Mr. Grenville, or proceeding higher up, there was no time to be loft in making our retreat out ofthe Elbe. I accordingly got under weigh,, and Stood out to endeavour to make a landing on fome part ofthe coaft of. Jutland, which Mr. Grenville infonried me, from the im portance of the fervice we were On, was abfolutely necef fary, if poffible, to effea; but unfortunately, after the pi lots had informed me that we were clear of all the fands, the Ship ftruck at half paft nine, on nearly the extremity of the; , fand, Stretching out from this ifland : it blowing 3 very heavy gale of wind, She went on with great force, though, we had no fail fet but the fore top-mail Slay fail ; there were but ten feet water under the fore part of her keel. ,„I imme diately hoifted out the boats, with the intention of carrying out an anchor, but being high water, the ice returned on us fo foon, that it was found impraaicabfe : the boats were hoifted in again, and all hands turned to Shore the Ship, anil heeling her towards the bank ; the firft run of the tide brought down fuch heavy ice on us, which immediately; car ried away our Shores, tore all the copper from the flarboard quarter, cut the rudder, in two, the lower part of which lay on the ice under the counter* notwithstanding which I did not give( up the hope of getting the fhip off the next high water; her guns and flores were thrown, overboard, * in order to lighten her for that purpofe, all of which were, borne by the ice, ;which will give you fome idea of the thicknefs of it. At io o'clock on Friday night; it being high water, the heavy gale at S- E. kept out the tide to that de gree, that we had three feet water lefs than when we got on, which put an end to all our hopes ; for on the return of the ebb, and during the whole of it, it is impoflible to defcribe to you the dreadful ftate we were in, expeaing every mo ment to be torn to pieces by the ice, the extreme cold wea ther, the darknefs. of the night, and the heavy fnow Storm, altogether making one of the moft diftreffing and deplorable Situations that a Set of unfortunate people were ever placed in. On Saturday morning the gale increafed to an uncom mon degree; the ice was up to the cabin windows; the Stern NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. l8g Stern poft broke in two, and the fhip otherwife much da- A.D.' inaged. It was propofed by Mr. Grenville, the gentlemen '799 and officers, to try to get over the ice to this^ place, which was the only means left to Save the lives of the Ships' com pany; and that flaying on board any longer was ufelefs, and might be attended with, the moft dreadful corifequences. Although the propofal feemed to me'a very dangerous one, and little likelihood of its fuccefs, from the,thicknefs of the weather, the extreme cold, our total ignorance ofthe way, and many other reafons ; yet as it was the general with, and, the Ship inevitably loft, I agreed to quit her. At half paft one o'clock, it being the laft quarter's ebb, the fhip's com pany, commenced their march on the ice in fubdivifions, attended by their refpeaive officei's, in fuch good order as will ever refka the higheft honour on them. At three o'clock P.M. having feen every petfori out of the Ship, I followed, accompanied by Lieutenant Ridley, of marines; and at half paft fixo'clock'P. M. after a journey of fix-miles, in the fevereft weather that ever was feen, over, high flakes of ice, and fometimes up to our middles in fnow and water, We arrived at this place, where -I had the Satisfaction of finding Mr. Grenville, and every perfon in fafety, except the perfons narned in the. margin,* who, were frozen to . death on their paffage hither : a few others, had their legs and fingers frozen ; but I am happy to inform you that they are in a fair way of doing well. To all bountiful Provi dence do I attribute this miraculous efcape; nor can we ever Sufficiently praife the Almighty for his care and deli verance of fo many of us. From the time of our arrival here,, until the Tuefday night following, the ftorm lafted without the leaft intermiffion. On Wednefday morning the ' 6th, the Scarcity of provifions, and the weather being more moderate, made it neceffary to fend part of the fhip's company to Cuxhaven, fome ofthe inhabitants having undertaken to go as guides, Mr. Grenville's great anxiety and zeal to get on, urged the profecation of thi'splari'as foon as poffible ; therefore at eight o'clock the tide foiling, Lieutenant John Wright, my "firft lieutenant, and one half of the officers and men, with Mr. Grenville, Mr. Wynne, Mr. Fifher, (fecretary of the embafly,) the three meffengers, (Meffrs. * Thefe were feven feamen, abpy, four marines, one woman and her child. Shwa, 1Q0 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. AD. Shaw, Detry, -and Mafon,) with Servants, guides^ fav ^799" fet off, and providentially arrived at Cuxhaven,- after a paf- .fage'as dangerous and difficultto encounter with as thatthey experienced on their journey from the Ship' here. The remainder of my Ship's company I kept, in hopes of Caving the Strip's Stores, Should there be any,poffibility of doing fo. On Friday the 8th, Mr. Anthony, the mafter,, volunteered with a party of men to go on board the fhip, to'endeavour %o bring on fhore fome bread, which artiele we were much in want off, as well as to afcertain exaaiy her fituation, they effeaed with great difficulty foeir purpofe^' and on their return, Mr. Anthony made the following report, viz. that the Ship had Seven feet and a half water in her, laying. off on her beam ends; that She appeared to be broken. afunder, the quarterrdeck Separated from the gangway fix feet, and apparently only kept together by the vaft .quan tity of ice about her. From this account it was agreed to have no more communication with her ; but on Sunday morning the 1 Oth, on enquiry, I found that the clearnefsof foe day had induced Mr. Anthony to fet off again for the' Ship ; and that Mr. Kent, the furgeon ; Mr. William John- fon Bowes, midfhipman; Mr. William Tait, boatfwain; and two feamen had accompanied him : they got on board; and unfortunately negkaed, until too late- in the tide, to return, which left them no alternative but that of remaining on board till the next day. About ten o'clock at night thfe wind came on at S. S.E. and blew a moft violent Storm} the tide, though at the neap, rofe to an uncommon height,* the ice got in motion, the velocity of which fwept foe deck' to deftruaion, for in the morning not a veftige of her was, to be feen, and with it I am miferably afraid wentthe above unfortunate officers and men ; and if fo, their lofs will be a great one to the fervice, as in their different departments they were a great acquifition to it ; the onlyhope I have is,; that that Providence which has fo bountifully affiHed usin our recent dangers and difficulties, may be extended towards them, fo as to preferve their lives, by means ofthe boats or- otherwife ; but I am forry to fay, that my hopes are not founded on the moft diftant degree of human probability. , This melancholy accident happening fo unexpeaedly, ad ded to my other misfortunes, , has given fo fevere a foock to my health and fpirits, as toprevent mc hitherto undertakr iog NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 1Q1 ing the journey to Cuxhaven, where the Surviving Ship's A.D. company now are. 1799 " I have the honour to be, &c. &c. J. Wallis." Cuxhaven, Feb. 23, 1799. ¦ " P. S, It is with great pleafure I inform you, that on my arrival at Cuxhaven with the remainder of my Ship's company from Newark Ifjand, I found that Mr. Anthony, the mafter, with the Surgeon and boatfwain. had arrived here the preceding night. The account Mr< Anthony gives, (the packet being in momentary expectation of fail ing) will not afford me an opportunity of faying more, than that the ice, which had adhered to the fhip, and -Surrounded her in fuch a heavy body, after foe had floated in the man ner I have before defcribed on the lith inftant, Supported her without quitting her, it freezing very hard for fome days, till at length the wreck was eaft on Shore on the ifland of Bal trum, from which providentially they all made their efcape; and I fhall beg leave to refer you to Lieutenant Wright, the bearer of this, who is very able to give you any further information, whom I fhall follow to England as foon as I have made, the neceffary arrangements here, which I hope will be by next ThurSday. « J^WALLrS." " To Vice Admiral Dickfon, &c." On the 2d of February, the Nautilus floop of war, Captain Henry Gunter, was loft off Sheetori Cliff, South 'Side of Filey Bay; the crew Saved. ¦ On the 5th of February the fnow Hope, Captain Anyon, of Liverpool, deftinedon a voyage from Riga to London, laden with hemp^and iron, failed from Hull,, with the wind at.N. W. ; her crew confuting of mafter, mate? four fea men, and three boys. She proceeded fouthward till three o'clock the next morning, when foe wind came on to blow' a hard gale from S. E. which increafed to fuch a degree, that they were obliged to lay to under a reefed forefail, the wind and fea raging with fuch violence, that notwithstand ing every exertion,-" the Ship was driven to the northward, labouring 'and Straining very much., The gale continuing its force, with heavy fnow 'and total darknefs, they, could. not make the Humber, or perceive any objea, until they " "' were 192 NAVAL CHltdtfOLOGY. A. D. were met by a brig cutter* whom Captain Anyon hailed, *799 and requefted the affiftance of a pilot ;, no anfwer, however, attended ¦ the application, as the cutter foon after parted company, and the Hope ftill continued to drive to the northward at the mercy of the wind and waves. About midnight, on Friday the ill of Feb. fhe unfortunately ftruck upon the grpund, the fea running1 at the time fo tremen dously high, < as to make an entire paffage over her; at the' Same time the cabin boy was wafhed from the deck. The captain and crew finding > every exertion in vain, Were re luctantly obliged to abandon their quarters, and attend to. the. Strong calls of felf prefer vation; foe captain at the fame time declaring aloud, " that he would not quit the veffel while a chance of hope remained. The mate was of opi nion that they were not far from land, and fignified his in-' tention to endeavour to make ir, notwithftanding the fnqw was defcending in clouds, and the darknefs prevented htm even from feeing the length ofthe fhip. The captain, and Carl Ehric, a Pruffian feaman, delivered their watches: * and money to the mate, who jumped into the boat which ftill remained upon deck ; but a heavy fea at the moment breaking over her, fwept away ,the boat, and he preferved himfelf by catching the main Slay : the next tremendous wave, alas ! proved too Strong for refiftance, and over whelmed him never more to be feen. The reft ofthe crew now fought Shelter in the rigging, one man in the fore top, . and the reft in the main top. ¦ " The Pruffian before mentioned feeling pity for a boy by the name of *S waine, about twelve years of age, had taken him inhis arms, and afcended the main-top, in defiance of the heavy fea which continued to break over them. The, captain, in defpair, alfo afcended the rigging, and placed' himfelf upon" the main yard, from whence he was heard to, t bemoan their fad fate, and the confequent diftrefs of his wife and children. In this ftate they ¦ remained for a confiderable time ; but from the extreme feverity of the night, and'their benumbed and expofed fituation, the captain was foon feen to drop down, foppofed to be wholly or nearly dead frqm|the ,. cold; and two other men were alfo'wafhed Out of the main top. The veffel had now driven nearer to the fhore; and another heavy fea foon after breaking over her, carried away the main-maft, with the Pruffian, another feaman, and Swaine, the boy, upon it. The Pruffian again laid hold of the NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 1Q3 the boy, who earneflly exhorted him, by crying, " Oh, A.D. Charles, hold mefaft!" But finding it indifpenfable, for '799 his own preferyation, was obliged to quit his hold, and the poor boy Was drowned. The main-maft being ftill entangled with the ropes of theforemaft, the Pruffian remained in his perilous fituation for a confiderable time, till the matt drifted nearer the fore- maft, and enabled him with difficulty to lay hold of the fore- top-fail- yard, from whence he got to the fore-top-maft head, where he found the man before-mentioned' ftill alive. By this time the veffel was drifted clofe to Drinlington high land, on the Hpldernefs coaft, about eight miles to the north of Spurn Point. The Pruffian perceiving the cliff, and fup- pofing it attainable from the top-gallant-maft head, pre pared to afcend ft, and was folicited by a Ship mate to lend him affiftance, in order to attend it alfo, but which he de clared was not if) his power, exhorting him to follow, being the only means left for preServation ; to which, he replied, that being frozen Stiff with, cold, he was not able to Stir a fingle joint. This poor fellow being never more feen, muft have Shared thefate of the reft of the crew. The Pruffian, watching a favourable opportunity, dropped upon the fide of the cliff, which, from being fo hard frozen, was- exceed ingly frippery, and rendered it difficult to prevent himfelf from falling into the breakers. This, however, he was enabled at length happily to effea, and got fafe to the top of the cliff at three o'clock in the morning, where he wan dered about till break of day, the only furvivor of the un- : fortunate crew. He reached Hully where he related this melancholy account of the lofs of the veffel. On the 2d of February, Mr. Charles Sturt, member for Bridport, with great refolution, perfeverance, and huma nity, Saved the crew of a veffel, which ran on fhore near Poole in a heavy gale of wind, by going off in his boat at the rifk of his own life. The Humane Society, as a rer ward for Mr. Shirt's intrepid condua, prefented him with a medal, oh which .is inscribed — Ca'rlo Sturt, Armigerot S..B. ob vita* ex fiu&ibus eraptas 1799. On the iith of February the Weazle floop of war, the Hon. Capt. H. Grey, was wrecked in Barnftaple Bay in a heavy gale of wind ; the whole crew perifhed. In February Captain Nicholas Tomlinfon, late com mander of the Suffifante Sloop of war, was ftruck offthe Voi. Ill, ' O lift, 1Q4 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. lift of captains, on a complaint made againft him to the '799 lords ofthe admiralty, by Capt. P. Frafer, of La Nymphe, for having in his poffeffion the private fignals when on board the Hawke letter of marque, in chace of a Spanifh veffel, arid making himfelf known by them to La, Nymph, when She joined in the chace. Caj>tain^ Tomlinfon cruized with ¦great fuccefs when captain of La Suffifante, and was confi- -dered a very vigilant and active officer. Captain Tomlin fon prefented a memorial to his Majefty through -the lords ofthe admiralty, praying to be reinstated in his rank, which was rejeaed. in April 1801, he Served as a volunteer with Admiral Sir Hyde Parker at the attack of Copenha gen, where, he fo much diftinguifhed himfelf, and was fo highly Spoken of by the admiral, that, on a fecond memo rial being prefented to the King, he was gracioufly pleated • to reftore him the rank of poft captain from the 22d of Sep tember 1 80 1. On the 20th' of February the Cambrian frigate, the Hon. Captain Legge, encountered a heavy gale of wind in the Channel, attended with thunder and lightning. A fire ball fell uponthe forecaftle, which killed two men,. and wounded 17 others, two of whom were ftruck blind, and -another raving mad. On the 1 8th of March the Telegraph armed brig of 16 guns, commanded by Lieutenant J. A. Worth, being off the Ifle of Bas, fell in with, and captured, after a fmart -aaion which continued three hours and a half, LTiiron- delle French brig corvette of 16 guns, and 89 men, five of whom were killed, and 14 wounded. The Telegraph had. only five men wounded. Oil foe 26th of March Captain Wallis, his officers,and Ship's company, were tried by a court-martial, held on 'board his Majefty's Ship Ganges, in Yarmouth Roads, for the lofs of the Proferpine. The following extraa from the public' difpatch ofthe Right Hon. Mr. Grenville*. to Lord Grenville, one of his Majefty's principal Secretaries of State, dated Berlin, February 19, 1799, was tranfmitted . by the Lords Commiffioners of the Admiralty to Vice Ad miral Dickfon at Yarmouth, with directions for its being read on Captain Wallis's court-martial. - '« The unfortunate lofs of his Majefty's frigate the Pro ferpine, on board of which I embarked at Yarmouth, is a circumflance which I cannot mention without feeling how much NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 1Q5 ¦much it is due from me to. the captain of that Ship, to ftate A,P- the importunity with which, out of zeal Sor his Majefty's J799 fervice, I preffed upon him to perfevere in attempting a paffage, which the feverity of the feafon, and the danger of the navigation, without any buoys to trace it, would natu rally have prevented him. from' rifking fo far, if I had not moft -earneftly fol icited him, at all hazards, 'to purfue the voyage as long as it was poffible that the Ship could advance. When the frigate had unfortunately ftruck, that we were enahled to efcape with our lives, we chiefly owe to the Sleadinefs and aaivity of Captain Wallis; -and to the un common degree of order and difcipline which that officer had eftablifhed ii> his fhip's company, and maintained under much danger and little hope. By his affiftance, I was ena bled to fave the greater part of my papers, and all the letters - entrufted tq me by their Majefties and the Royal' Farrfily." After this' paper, (which reffeaed fo rniich merit on Captain Wallis,) and the fentence were read, which fet forth that the condua of the captain, officers, and fhip's company, was in every degree highly meritorious,. and all honourably acquitted. The Preiident, made the following Speech to the crew by order of the court. " Seamen of the Proferpine ! Your condua has been ¦ fuch as to merit the thanks of this Court, with that of your country ; and, I truft, that the example fhewn by you of good order and obedience to command in times of difficulty and danger, will be held forth, as worthy of imitation to all the feamen of his Majefty's fleet." Captain Wallis, his. officers, and Ship's company, as a fenfoof their gratitude for thekindnefs, humanity, and at tention which they had received from M. Lorenti Wittke-, (after they landed on the Ifland of Newark,, at the time of their diftrefs, after having been Shipwrecked on the Scaron Land, at the mouth of the Elbe, and marched fix miles over the ice in the moft inclement weather, almoft. exhauft ed with hunger, cold, and fatigue) prefented that gentle man with a piece of plate- in the Shape of a coffee urn, with ¦the following inscription : " This piece of plate is prefented to Lorenti Wittke, of the Ifland of Newark, as a grateful teftimony of his kindnefs and humanity towards the Right Hon. Mr. Grenville and fuite, Captain Wallis, his officers, and fhip's company, after their providential efcape on fhore from the wreck of Oz his 1Q6 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. N A. D. his Britannic Majefty's late fhip Proferpine, over'a field of x799 ice more than fix miles diftance, on foe ift of February, I799-V On the gth of April the St. Fiorenfco of 40 guns, com manded by Sir Harry-Burrard.Neale; and the Amelia of the fame force, commanded by the Hon. Capt. Herbert, being off Belleifle, faw fome Ships at anchor i'n the Great Road, which on their nearer approach were discovered to be three French frigates, and a large failing gun veffpl, with their top- fail yards ready hoifted to come out.* A heavy and fudden fquall of wind unfortunately carried away the Ame.- lia's main top-maft, and fore and mizen top-gallant mafls. The enemy, encouraged by this accident, immediately got under weigh, and made fail towards the Britifh frigates. Sir Harry Neale, with great rirmnefs and refolution, not- withftanding the difafter which had, befallen the Amelia, , made the fignal to prepare for battle, and manifefted a readinefs to meet the enemy ; when he had run ' a little to leeward, he Shortened Sail, that the Amelia, whofe crew had by this time with great exertions and aaivity cleared the wreck, might cloSe and keep under command With her Sore and mizen top-fails. The enemy foon clofed with the Britifh frigates, and a brifk aaion enfued. As the enemy kept edging down on the iflands of Houat and Hedic, it obliged the Britifh commanders to bear down .three times to clofe with them, by which they became alfo expofed to the fire of the batteries on thefe iflands. After engaging an hour and 55 minutes, the enemy's frigates wore and Stood in towards the Loire, two of them in a Shattered condition. , The loSs fuftained on board the St. Tiorenzo was one feaman killed, and 18 wounded. The Amelia, Mr. Bayley, midshipman, and one feaman killed; 17 wounded. On the 23d of April the queftion was decided between the Captains Lumley and Sutton, which of them was entitled to the prize money made by his Majefty's Ship Ifis, during the arreft of Captain Sutton. Mr. Hartley, on the part of Captain Lumley, entered _ T Jp^r ' Cam. Men. * LaVehgeance - 48 - 400 -LaCorneille . ^ . , ,20 La Semillante - 44. . 32,0 Cutter-Gun Veffel -' Vz 3 very , naval chronology;. 197 very much at. length into the circumftances of this cafe ; A. D. he Slated that Captain Sutton commanded the Ifis, which :799 Ship formed part of the fquadron which failed in the year 1781, under the command of Commodore Johnftone. He then proceeded to detail the circumftances which took place in the aaion fought in Port Praya Bay, between the Englifh and French Squadrons. Immediately after that aaion, Commodore Johnftone put Captain Sutton under an arreft, and appointed Captain Lumley to the command < ofthe Ifis in his room. Captain Sutton, upon his return to England, brought an aaion for damages .againft Commo dore Johhftori, and obtained a verdia for 5000I. Anew trial was obtained by the Defendant, and upon that occa sion the plaintiff obtained a verdia for 6000I. The quef tion was then brought into the Houfe of Lords by writ of error, and the whole proceedings were reverfed. Mr. Hartley then arguedwhh great ability that Captain Lumley was entitled to the prize money arifing from the captures made by the Ifis while he had the command of her, and While Captain Sutton was fufpended. Mr. Wood argued very ably on the other fide. Lord Kenyon faid, that if the queftion in this cafe was, which of them came under the defcription of foe aa of parr liament, modelled on the king's proclamation, as captain of the Ifis, durjng the time that the captures were made By that Ship of war ? And upon that queftion his Lordfhip was clearly of opinion, that the preference was due to Cap tain Sutton, who was to all intents and purpofes entitled to his pay, and all the emoluments that were incident to the ' Station of a captain during the time of his arreft, and until he Should be difplaced either by the admiralty, or by fentence of a court-martial, he was as much entitled to all thefe ad vantages, notwithstanding this arreft, as if he had been confined to his cabin from a wound in battle. By the way, his Lordfhip obferved, Captain Sutton^ he was bound to fay, had been harfoly, Severely, and very improperly ar retted. He would not fay any thing of the reveyfal of the verdia for 6000I. in Captain Sutton's favour : he dared to fay, that what was determined by Lord Mansfield, and the 1 Chief Juftice of the Common Pleas, was according to the rules of law, but it certainly was a cafe of abundant hardfhip. With regard to Captain Lumley, he was moft undoubtedly a meritorious officer, but he had not the Same claim to be O 3 confidered lQ3 , _ N-AVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. considered captain of the Ship, for he came on board by or- 1 799 der of the Commodore, to have the pay of a captain, and, viaual in the Ship. In fhort, while Captain Sutton was captain ofthe Ship, as moft affu redly he was, and muft be, until difolaced either by the Admiralty, or the fentence of a court-martial, nobody elfe could be captain of that Ship. As well might it be faid, that Lord Pigdtwas not governor of Madras, in confequence of the moft fhameful treatment he met with there, as to fay that Captain Sutton was not captain' of the Ifis while he was thus under arreft. His Lordfhip expatiated confiderably on this cafe,- and con cluded with faying, that he was moft clearly of opinion that judgment ought to be given for Captain Sutton; to which fos other Judges affented, and judgement was given accordingly. On' the 26th of April a French fleet of fhips of war, confriling of twenty-five fail ofthe line, eight frigates, and two corvettes, commanded by Admiral Brulx, having on board a large body of troops, took the- advantage of Lord Bridport having been forced offhs Station, to flip out of Breft under cover of a thick fog. On the day following the Britifh admiral returned his Station with fixteen fail of the line, when to his great mortification, he perceived that the French fleet had efcaped his vigilance. , The admiral judging/that the enemy might have Shaped his courfe for the coaft of Ireland, inftantly proceeded off Cape Clear; at the fame tirne difpatched frigates in every direaion in queft of him. The news of the Breft fleet being out reached Plymduth on the 30th. Not a moment was loft in making the greateft exertions to fend reinforce ments to Lord Bridport, and alfo to the fquadrons on the coafts of Holland and Spain.* In the. courfe of a fortnight the Britifh" fleets in every quarter were fufficiently Strengthened to refill that ofthe enemy, wherever they might chance to meet them. In fpite of all thefe precautions, the' French- admiral puihed for the Mediterranean, and fucceeded in paffing the Straits unmolefted ; but was difappointed in his hopes .of be ing able to join the fleet of Spain either at Ferrol or Cadiz. From the firft of thefe places fix fail of Spanifh fhipsof the line had failed, having on board 3000 troops ; but being * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 376. ,' ' ' "" -' . clofely NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. , K$ cfofely watched by the BritiSh cruizfers, five were obliged to A.'D. take Shelter under the ifle of Aix. The other returned to '7.99 Ferrol. On the nth of May Lieutenant Searle, in the Courier armed brig, fell' in' with off the Texel, a French brig privateer of 16 guns, which he engaged an hour and forty minutes, when the enemy availed himfelf of a thick fog to make fail, arid efcaged. The Courier was much crip pled in her Sails, rigging, &c. with,five men wounded. On the 14th of Maya court-martial was held on board the Gladiator at Portfmouth, to try the Right Honourable Lord Auguftus Fitzroy, Captain of his Majefty's fhip the' Sphynx, for difobedience of orders and mifconduft, in not bringing home, under his convoy, the Eaft-India- men and other trade belonging to the Eaft-India Com pany lying at St. Helena.- The court was compofed of the following members, viz. ' Prefident, Sir Roger Curtis, Bart. Vice Admiral ofthe White. Captains, Francis Pickmore, Sir Thomas Williams, Knt. Hon. A. K. Legge, Richard King, Thomas Larcom, ' Thomas Rogers, Thomas Weftern, Temple Hardy, William Lukin, Robert Lawrie, Hon. Charles Paget. After having heard read Commodore Lofack's orders, and a long correspondence between his Lordfhip, Governor Brooke, and the Captains of the feveral Indiamen, the Court, after a moft animated defence from his Lordfhip, fat in deliberation threefoburs, and ordered that he fhould be difmi fled from the command of his prefent Ship. On the 3d of. June Captain Thomas Weftern, of his Majefty's Ship Tamer, was prefented by the representa tives of the merchants of Barbadoes, with a piece of plate valued at 150 guineas, in acknowledgement of his great aaivity and unremitted attention to the proteaion of the trade ofthe ifland when he was upon that Station. On the nth of June, judgment was paffed in the Ad miralty-court, Doctors Commons, on the Swedifh mer chantmen taken fome months fince by Captain Lawford, 04v ' ,and 200 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. and carried into the Downs; that all the veffels with their '799 feveral cargoes Should be condemned, (being laden with naval and military ftores, bound to France) ; but that the private adventures of the mafters fhould be reftored. The prizes are calculated to be worth 600,000! . See Sir Wil liam Scott's judgment and opinion on this queftion, page 264. On the 13-th of June, Admiral Lord Bridport arrived ¦from his cruize in queft of the French 'fleet ; having de tached Admiral Sir Al,an Gardner, with 16 fail ofthe line, to reinforce the fquadron off Cadiz, and in the Mediter ranean under Earl St. Vincent. Rear Admiral George Berkeley was left to cruize off Breft with a fquadron of obfervation.* •In the night of the 27th of June, the boats of the fmall fquadron cruizing under the orders of Captain Winthorp, in the Circe, offttie coaft of Holland, very gallantly cut out ' from the Wadde, twelve merchantmen, fome with valuable cargoes, without a man being either killed or wounded; notwithstanding they were much annoyed by the fire from the enemy '¦s batteries and gun-boats.+ On the 10th of. July, the boats of the fame fquadron, with equal refolu- ' tion and bravery, cut out three more valuable veffels from ' the Wadde, and burnt another laden with ordinance ftores. On the 27th of June, Admiral Lord Bridport ftruck his flag, and Rear Admiral Pole hoifted his on board the Royal George ; on the Same afternoon he put to fea from Caw- fand Bay, in company with the Sulphur, Explofion, and Volcano bombs. On the irt-of July, Admiral Pole joined Rear Admiral Berkeley off tfie Ifle of Rhe ; J and the next day proceeded to the attack of the five Spanifh fhips of the ' line, which had taken fhelter under the 'protection of -the batteries on the ifle of Aix, and a floating mortar battery which was moored in the paffage between a Shoal arid the ifle of Oleron. The fquadron, having anchored at U Appendix, Chap. II. No. 376. Stops, t Circe, JaloufePylades, L'EfpiegJe I yfiphon'e Courier Nancy Guns'. 28 14 '4 14 14 3g Commanders. Capt. R. 'Winthorp. Teriiplei Mackenzie. Boorder. ¦ cutters. >w!Wr Chap.- II, No.' 377. o'clock NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 201 o'clock in Bafque Road; the bomb (ketches took their A. p. Stations under cover ofthe frigates, commanded by Captain '799 Keats, and opened their fire upon the Spanifh fhips, which was continued with great brifknefs for three hours, but with no effea, the Spanifh fquadron being at too great a dif tance. The batteries from the ifle of Aix, during this time, kept up an inceffant cannonade. The wind dying away, , and the enemy having brought forward feveral gun-boats; the Admiral called off the fhips engaged, got under weigh ¦and flood to fea. Soon after Rear Admiral Berkeley re turned to Plymouth with three fail of the line and bomb- ketches, whilft Admiral Pole remained off Rochfort to -' prevent the Spaniards efcaping. On the 3d of July, the night being extremely 'dark and' foggy, about half paft nine, the Ship Benjamin and Eliza beth, one ofthe Weft-India fleet, being about 4 leagues ,. from Dungenefs, was hailed by a lugger, who running Under her lee quarter, afked her if fhe wanted a pilot, On being anfwered No, a fellow on board the lugger, who fpoke good Englifh, defired them to back their main-top- fail and furrender, and at the Same inftant firing a volley of mufquetry, boarded her on the quarter. The captain and mate of foe Benjamin, and two Englifh feamen (the reft pf her crew amounting to eight, being foreigners) fired the only gun they had on that fide into the lugger ; but the Frenchmen had effeaed their boarding. Captain White, his mate, and' two feamen, continued, however, with all the gallantry that charaaerifes Britifh failors, to defend their veffel, and had aaualiy beaten the Frenchmen from their deck, and the mate was bravely lathing the lugger's fore-matt to the Benjamin's quarter when they were boarded pn the beam by a fecond lugger, the crew of which came on their backs, while they were yet engaged with the lugger on, their quarter, and' ihhu manly, although they had poffeffion of the fhip; cut and foot all rhey met. The cap- fain who was wounded feverely, was by two of the villains, thrown from the fhip over-board; but picked up by the Tugger; 'be mate was cut with a fabre in Several places, and a piftol put to his mouth (though unarmed) and fired off, the ball went through his tongue and lodged under his Shoulder. One of the feamen had alfo a piftol put to his cheek and fired ; the ball went through his mouth and was extrafted from under his arm. Fortunately the Racoon Sloop 202 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. floop of war Stretching out from the land to profea the '799 rear ofthe convoy, heard the firing, and got fight ofthe Ship which She recaptured in about ten minutes after the luggers had hauled off. Shortjy afterwards it clearing a little, Captain Lloyd got fight of the two luggers, one of which was within mufket fhot : The Racoon immediately opened her broadfide upon her, and on the Smoke's clearing, away, not a vettigeof the -lugger appealed upon the water; confequently the veffel and her whole, crew went to the bottom. The other lugger, though at a much greater diftance, was ftill plainly to be feen ; but the fog again coming on, the Ra coon ioft fight of her. *¦' On the i oth of July, the fhip; Planter, of Liverpool, qf 18 guns and 43 men, on her paffage from America, after ' a very gallant "aftion, which lafted two hours and a half, beat off a large French privateer, mounting' 22 guns and full of men". The Planter had 4 killed and 8 wounded. The intrepid condua of two ladies,, Mrs. Macdowall and Mifs Mary Harley, who were paffengers on board this fhip during the aaion, deferves the greateft praife. They were ; remarkable, not only for'their folicitude and tendernefs for the wounded, but alfo for their contempt of perfohal danger during the battle ; Serving the feamen with ammu nition, and encouraging them by their prefence to fight bravely. July 13th, Vice Admiral Sir.Alan Gardner arrived with part ofthe fquadron and French prizes, from Lifbon.* On the 15th of July, Captain Boorder of L'Efpiegle .' floop of war, fent the following letter to the Dutch cap tain at Delfzil, in confequence of his having detained fohie Englifh boats. His Britannic Majefty' s floop L'Efpiegle, -July 15, 1799, in the Weftern Ernes. " Sir, In confequence of the two Dutch gun-boats break ing the neutrality of this river, on the ift inft. in firing at three Englifh boats, and detaining another with five men, , which was fent as a flag of truce, and which by the laws of nations, ought inftantly to have been returned; I thought . proper to aa in the manner we did on Friday laft ; and will - * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 378, / / . have NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 203 have you and all the world to know that Englifo feamen A.D. are not to be trifled with. 1 799 " I remain, Sir, " Your humble fervant, James Boorder." " P. S. I fhall expea that the officer and four men be delivered up to Admiral Lord Vifcount Duncan, now blockading the Texel." On the 22d of July, an experiment was made on board of his Majefty's fhip Vengeance, at Portfmouth, to prove the utility of a machine invented by Mr. Peacock, for the purifying of water by filtration. The following certificate was granted by the captains ordered to attend the experi ment. < •* We, the underfigned, do hereby certify, that in obe dience to an order from Sir Peter Parker, Bt, Admiral of the 'White,»,commander in chief, &c. &c. That we have this day been on board his Majefty's fhip Vengeance, and caufed the neceffary, experiments to be made to afcertain the utility of a machine for purifying water by filtration. " And we give it as our mature opinion, that the ma chine for the filtration of water, fully and completely per forms all that the maker promifes in his defcriptive pam phlet ofit ; and that in one inftance we found its excellence to have exceeded his report ; for we faw the filtration per formed at the rate of a gallon in two minutes, or 720 gal lons in. 24 hours. ¦*' And we beg leave to recommend it, as a moft ufeful machine, and to exprefs our wifh for its common ufe in the navy, particularly in long voyages. v " Given under our hands, on board the " Vengeance, Spithead, July 22, 1799. " T. M. Ruffel, Capt. of the Vengeance. " Edw. Bowater, Magnificent, " Tho. Larcom, Lancaster. On the nth of Auguft, CaPta'n Mackenzie, ofthe Pylades, and Captain Boorder, of the, Efpiegle floops of ,war, with the Courier cutter, Lieutenant Searle, were ordered by Captain Sofoeron of the Latona frigate, who commanded a fmall fquadron on the coaft of Holland, to attack fome enemy's veffels which were between the ifland of Schiermonikoog and the main land of Holland ; which fervice 204 NAVAL CHRONOLpGY. A.D. fervice they performed with much Skill and bravery ; bring. ¦*799 ing off the Crafh (formerly a gun-brig in his vMajefly> fervice) ; the Dutch officer who commanded her, made a moft gallant refiftance; fhe mounted 12 carronades, 32 twenty:four and eighteen, pounders, with 60 men. The Pylades had one man killed arid two wounded, On the following day, Captain Mackenzie .having manned the Crafh, and appointed Lieutenant Slade of the Latona to command her, proceeded to the attack of the enemy's re maining force, which had taken Shelter under the pro- teaion of a battery, and armed fchooner, from under the guns of which he had previoufly cut out a large Schute ; this veffel he named the Undaunted, fitted her -with two twelve pound carronades, and gave the command of her to Lieutenant Humphries of the Juno. The depth of water. not being Sufficient for the floops of war to get within Shot of the enemy's battery and veffels ; Captain Mackenzie direaed the fmall craft, confifting of the Crafh, Un daunted, the Latona 's and Pylades' launches, each with a twelve pound carronade, together with the other boats of this little fquadron,, to proceed to the attack. The enemy at firft kept up a brifk fire; but it was returned So warmly, and with fuch effea, that they Soon abandoned tbe batte-., ries, and the crew of the fchooner got on fhore, firft fel ting her on fire. In the meantime Lieutenant Cowen of the Pylades laqded, Spiked the guns on the battery, and brought off two brafs pieces. The fchooner was deftroyed, a row-boat and twelve Schutes taken. This fervice was performed without a man being either killed or wounded. ; It was fuppofed the lofs of the enemy muft have been con siderable. Captain Mackenzie was advanced to the rank of poft captain for his gallantry and able condua. _ On the 17th of Auguft, Vice Admiral Lord Keith ar rived in Torbay with the fleet from the Me ' On the 6th of September, an ordnance tranfporr, laden , with NAVAL CHROXOLOGY. 207 with Stores, and of conftderable value, was taken in the A.D. Channel off Folkftohe, by a French privateer ; which put 1799 on board feven Frenchmen, and took out the captain arid crew, excepting two feamen, who in the night rofe upon the Frenchmen, threw two over-board who made refif tance ; and having fecured ihe.other five, brought the fhip into Dover harbour. On the 26th, Vice Admiral Sir Roger Curtis, failed in the Lancafter of 64 guns, for the Cape of Good Hope, taking under his convoy feveral Eaft-India, and fiore fhips. , On the 1 6th of Oaober, Captain James Young, in the Ethalion, being on a cruize in the bay, difcovered at three o'clock in the afrernodn three large fait; to which he gave chace, continuing "to keep fight of them all night. At day-light he plainly perceived that the Ships were the Naiad and Alcmene, in chace of two Spanifh frigates, and the Triton at fome diftance a-ftern alfo in chace ; at nine, being within random fhot of thefternmoft, Captain Young fired a few guns in paffing,: which made her alter her courfe, ftill Standing on, as by fignal direaed from Captain Pierrepoint of the Naiad to the headmoft ; which, at half paft eriven, finding the Ethalion coming fall up with her, fndclenly bore up a-thwart her, at the diftance of not more than half rhufquet foot, in hopes by this manoeuvre to throw the Ethalion into confufion; Captain Young was, however, fo well prepared, that he counteraaed the inten- tion'of the Spaniard, and by two well direaed broadfides, and a running fight of an hour, he (truck, and proved to be the Theti.% of 36 guns and 250 men, commande'd by Don Juan de Mendoza, from Vera Cruz,. bound to any port in Spain fhe could fetch, with 1,411,256 dollars, and a quantity of cocoa on board. The Thetis had one man killed and nine wounded. The Ethalion none. Captain Pierrepoint with the other frigates, ftill continued, to pnrfoe the other Spaniard, which from thecircumflanceof having fleered in different courfes was foon out of fight of the • Ethalion and her prize. On the morning of the 18th, the enemy, by her faft failing, having rounded Cape Finifterre, her commander flood fo very clofe to the rocks of Monte Lora, that the Triton, which was the leading fhip in the chace, ftruck upon the faid rocks, going at the rate of feven knots. By the exertions of Captain Gore,' fhe was, . however, - 208 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY; A.D. hdwever, foqn got off, and commenced an animated fire ort *799 the enemy, in which he was ably fupported by Captain Digby, who with great judgment placed his Ship in that direaion, as to cut off her entrance to Port de Vidre, At eight A. M. the three frigates had clofed with the enemy amidft the rocks of, Comthafurto, at the entrance of Murosj when fhe ftruck, and proved to be the Santa Brigida pf 36 guns and 300 men, commanded by Don Antonio Pil- lon, failed from Vera Cruz, in company with the Thetis pn the 2ift of Auguft. She was of immenfe value, having on board 1,400,000 dollars, befides other articles of mer chandize of equal efjimation* The Ships had got into ihoal water and foul ground ; but a fortunate breeze off the land enabled them to put the fhips heads to fea ; and they began to .Shift the prifoners ; when a Spanifh Squadron, confifting of four large fhips, one with a broad pendant, came out of Vigo ; as if with an intention1 to refeue the prizes. Captain Pierrepoint ufed every exertion to get the prifoners fecured ; and the fhips in readineSs to receive them ; but the Spaniards perceiving his determination, bore up and ran into Vigo. The Triton had one man wounded^ but the fhip was confiderably damaged, and made much water in confe-- qnence of the blow fhe received on the rocks. . - The Alcmene, one killed and nine wounded, The Santa Brigida, two killed and eight wounded. The' Thetis being a new frigate, was added to the navy. On the 2 1 ft, the Ethalion arrived with her prize at Ply mouth, as did the next day Captain Pierpoint, with his fortunate companions. On the a8th and 29th, the treafure taken in the Thetis and Santa Brigida, wa3 conveyed in Sixty-three artillery waggons to the dungeons of the citadel at Plymorith, and there depofited. ' , , The proceffion took place from the dock-yard gate at tep A.M. in the following order : "A trumpeter ofthe Surrey dragoons, founding ay« charge. I ? E a .f my health, conveyed in your obliging letter of yefterday. " The Pr°te<3:ion of the trade and commerce, of the country, I have ever confideted a; principal objea of my public duty, and felt fully recompenfed when any efforts in the NAVAL" CHRONOLOGY. 219 the difcharge of it were attended with fuccefs ; for on the A.D. profperity df our commercial navigation, the Summit which J 799 Great Britain has reached can only be maintained. " I avail myfelf of this occafion to acknowledge the ad vantage I have derived from your inftruaive correfpond- ence ; and I have the honour to be, with great regard and efteem, • \ " Sir, your moft obedient humble fervant, Rochetts, Nov. 7, 1799. '; (Signed) St. Vincent." ** To John Turnbull, Efq. Chairman of the Merchants • trading to the foutherp parts of Europe." ' . On the 16th of November, L'Efpion frigate armie en flute, having on board a detachment of Ruffian troops oh her return from the Helder, ftruck on the Goodwin Sands, and was loft. The troops and crew were faved by the Deal and Ramfgate boats. On the 20th of November Vice Admiral Lord Keith failed in the Queen Charlotte from Plymouth, to take com mand of the fleet in the Mediterranean. On the morning of the 23d the Marquis of Granby, of Sunderland, S. Urwin, mafter, was captured in crofting the Kentifh Knock, by aTrench lugger privateer. The mafter and two men were put into the Frenchman's boat, 'in order to be conveyed on board the privateer which was giving chace to another veffel, and by carrying a prefs of fail, in a Short time left the boat nearly five miles a-ftern : 'this circum stance induced Mr. Urwin to conceive it praaicable to re take his own veffel, and wreftlng a Sword out of the hands of the officer in the boat, he compelled the French Sailors to row him back to the Marquis of Granby. He gallantly boarded her fword in hand, and foon cleared the deck of the Frenchmen, who precipitately plunged into the fea, and were picked up by their countrymen in the boat. Mr. Urwin proceeded on bis voyage; but what became, of the French Sailors and the boat Was not known. The Coni- mittee-of the" Navigation Policy Company, in which the veffel was infured, as a reward for Mr. Ur win's bravery and merit, prefented him with a piece of plate with a fuie- able inscription. On the 21ft of November, Lieutenant T. Searle, in the Courier cutter, being on a cruize off Loweftoffe, fell in P4 with 2l6 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. AD. with, and after a fmart aaion of fifty minutes, captured Le J799 Guerrier French cutter privateer of 14 guns, and 44 men, four of whom were killed, and fix wounded. , The Cou rier had her mafter killed, andtwo men wounded. On the 25th Captain Rqfe, late of L'Efpion, was tried by a court-martial on board the Overyflel in foe Downs, for the lofs of the above Ship ort' the Goodwin SahdsT;j The pilot was Sentenced to be impriSoned for fix months and a ; day, and rendered incapable of taking charge of any of his Majefty's Ships, for the time to" come, and the mafter fuf. pended. Captain Rofe, his officers and crew, were ho- , nburably acquitted. The commiffioners , of the navy ordered thirty-three of the moft deServing ofthe Shipwrights, which Should be re- f commended to the board from the dock-yards, to be re warded with the privilege of a fervant each. On the 3d of December the Racoori floop of war, Cap tain R. Lloyd, captured, after a running fight, L'Intrepide French, lugger privateer of 16 guns and 60 men, 13 of whom were killed and wounded. The Racoon was much Shattered in her fails and rigging ; Captain Lloyd and one ' , man (lightly wounded. On the 4th of December the Revenge privateer fchoo ner, commanded by Mr. Robert Hofier, was attacked in Vigo Bay by four Spanifh privateers, two fehooners, a brig, and a lugger, mounting from four to fourteen guns. The wind being foutherly, the Revenge kept up a running fight till fhe got clear of the iflands to the northward, which lafted about fifteen minutes; when one of the fehooners' having loft her main-malt, gave up the chace, and the' other three immediately hauled their wind. The ReVengfe > 'having Suffered much in her rigging and fails, it was not in Mr. Hofier's power to chace to windward; he therefore made fail to the N. W. At two P. M. a fchooner was feen to the weftward,, to which he gave chace ; at three he got alongfide of her, and obferving She had Spanish colours hoifted, Mr. Hofier defired her to Strike, which was an fwered by a broadfide; a.brifk aaion enfuedy and conti nued about an hour, when the enemy blew up. The crip pled ftate of the Revenge made it Some time before a boat could be got out, when they picked up eight of the crew, who informed Mr. Hofier, that She was the Brilliant, of / eight NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 217 eight guns and 63 men, failed that morning from Ponte- A-D- vedra on a cruize off Oporto. 1 799 On the 4th of December a court-martial affembled on board his Majefty's Ship Gladiator, in PortSmouth harbour to try Lieutenants John M'Kenzie, of the Prothee, and John Lowe, of the San Damafo prifon Ships, in confe quence of a representation made by Mr. Daniel Rofs, late mafter of the Portland prifon fhip, in a letter dated the 3d inftant, of certain irregularities on board the prifon Ships in Porchefter Lake, which were examined into by' Captains John Child Purvis, Francis Pickmore, and J. Mullock, who reported, that they had made particular enquiry into the circumftances Set forth in Mr'.R°fs's faid letter, and were Informed, that with refpe£l to fpirits and other arti cles fold in the Prothee, fmall quantities of the former had, at times, been brought for the French officers; that ftrorig beer was brought on board in cafks, four and fix at a time, of eighteen gallons, and. permitted to -be fold by Frenchmen, and people of the fhip, to the prifoners ; that '• they had in general paid Lieutenant M'Kenzie for the faid beer at one Shilling per gallon, he paying the brewers for the whole ; and the perfons who fold it to the prifoners in the Prothee charging four-pence .per quart; but that they <¦ were not able to find out whether Lieutenant McKenzie had any benefit arifing therefrom.-. ...,.-... That, in their enquiry^ on board the San Damafo, they were informed that beer had been brought on board that fhip in eighteen gallon.' cafks, three or four at a time, and had been fold to the prifoners by Serjeant Burke's wife, ofthe marines, and by Lieutenant Lowe's direaion, at five-pence per quart; that the prifoners complained of paying too much for it, and the lieutenant direaed it to be fold at four- ' . pence per quart; that there was on board a Shop for felling .vegetables, &c to the prifoners ; and that Lieutenant Lowe had prevented a competition, becaufe it would fpoil the profit of it'; and that feveral of the perfons examined were of opinion that the Lieutenant received benefit from the fale of the articles above-mentioned. The Court was compofed of the following members : Prefident, Rear Admiral Sir Charles Cotton, Bart. Rear Ad. Sir R. Bickerton, Bt. Captain T. Totry, Captain 218 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Captain T. Wells, f Captain J. C. Purvis, J 799 „. '— J. Sutton, C.Stirling, • D. Fancourt, F. Pickmore, 4 ¦ ¦ T. Foley, , — . R. C. Reynolds, .. .1 ¦ C. Boyles, Edward Riou. , . M. Greetham, Efq. Judge Advocate. ' . * Having examined the evidence on the part of the profer cution, as well as id defence of Lieutenant M'Kenzie and Xowe;' The Court vyas of opinion, that the charge had not been proved againft Lieutenant M'Kenzie,* but' appeared to be malicious and ill-founded, and did adjudge him to be ac- ' quitted. , That the charge had been in part proved againft Lieute nant Lowe, and adjudged him only to be Severely repri manded, and admonifhed not to Suffer beer or other articles to be Sold on board, by, or for the benefit of a,hy of the officers. On the 6th,Lieutenant John Horroden, of his Majefty's fhip Amazon, was tried by a court-martial for drunken- nefs ; the charge being in part proved, he was adjudged to * be difmiffed from his Ship, and to> be deprived ten years flf his rank as a lieutenant. The ConSular Government in France having refuted to, provide any longer provifions for their prifoners in England, the following is an exaa report of the number delivered by the French Commiffary to the Tranfport Board, on the 2ift of December. Plymouth - 7,477 Portfmouth , - 10,128 Liverpool - 2,298 Stapkton - \ 693 Chatham - ^754 Yarmouth - 50 Edinburgh - 208 Norman Crofs - 3>°38 Total 25,646 The NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 21§ The number of Britifh prifoners at this time in France AB- amounted to about , - 1470 *799 Ruffians taken in Holland viaualled at "I « ,, the expence of Great Britain, J 9° Total 2,360 The French government having alfo refufed to clothe ttieir prifoners in this country, conformable, to, the general ufage in fuch cafes, a long correspondence was entered into between the two nations oh the fubjea, pending of which feveral of thefe poor wretches Suffered extreme diftrefs, and indeed many fell viaims to the unfeeling and inhumane treatment of their own government, whofe battles they had fought, and in the proteaion of which they were thrown into their prefent miferable fituation. Finding at length that foe frequent communications made by his Majefty's commands to the French government had no effea; and considering them no longer fimply as French prifoners, with a reference to the ufages of war between civilized nations, but as deftitute fellow creatures aban doned by that government, "and as fuch had no hope left but froth, the^compaffion of this country, his Majefty was there fore, out of his great goodnefs, gracioufly pleated to djrea that warm clothing proper for the feafon Should be provided for all the French prifoners detained in Great Britain, as the only means of alleviating their diftrefs, and putting a flop . to the ficknefs and mortality which was too prevalent among them. This order was dated the lit of January, 1801, On the night of the 24th of December his Majefty's frigate the Ethalion, of 38 guns, was wrecked on the coaft of France; Captain John Clarke Searle, her commander, gave the following narrative other lofs : " At four P. M. Point Le Cleure bore S. E. by E. three or four leagues ; Standing off and on, off St. Matthews, with an intention of beating to windward in the morning, to reconnoitre the pofition of the enemy's fleet, a fervice I was, particularly anxious to performr as I knew no opportunity had occurred for that purpofe fince the 18th of December, when the Fifhguard, Ethalion, and Sylph, were all driven off the coaft by -a hard gale of windj and I knew the Fifh guard could not have regained her Station at that time. At eight 220 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. eight o'clock I gave-the. ufual neceffary direaions and pre- ?799 cautions to theofficer ofthe watch, and to the pilot, fortep- - fog the Ship in a' proper fituation during the' nigH%» aftd to inform me if any change of wind or weather took'plSce; and whenever the pilot wifoed the fhip to be put on the op pofite tack ; and .at the end of each watch to acquaint me (as. was the cuftom every night,) with the fituationof the Ship, with refpea to the distance from the land, St. Mat thew's light then (at eight" P. M.) bare E.by'N.' about three leagues ; the fhip then Standing to the Southward, under her trebled reefed top fails, fore-top rriaft (lay fail, and niizen (lay fail, with the wind S. E. and lyirig up S. S.W. going a knot and a half.' At half paft ten She was, by defire ofthe pilot, again wore. At twelve th? light bore N.E. by E. three or four leagues ; at which time Lieutenant Jauncey told me there was not much wind, and I direaed a reef to be let oyt of the top fails, and the jibb to be loofed,' to be in readinefs to make fail ..'at a moment's warning, which order was complied with. At half paft one, A. M. the light bearing E. N. E. between five and feven miles, Lieutenant Qtiillim, foe officer of the watch, acquainted me it was the defire of the pilot, tq wear again, and fiand tq the Southward till four o'clock, as there was but little wind;, but at ten minutes paft three, al though the fhip had not gone more than two> miles from the time Of her being wore, and the light was then in fighti and bearing N.E. by E. (the night very dark) the rocks were difcovered clofe a-head ;: and in attempting to wear clear ofthem, the fhip ftruck, when' I ordered the hands to be turned up, and got the' pumps to work, and the boats' < out i fent the mafter to found ; Started the water, threw the guns overboard, and ufed every exertion poffible to get the fhijp off. At four foe Struck very hard, and knocked away the ftern-poft'; made fignals of diftrefs to the Sylph.' At fix fhe fell over on the flarboard fide, and bulged. At day-light faw the Darfee, Sylph, and Nimrod cutter; made the fignal for boats to aflift: finding foe had bulged in feveral places, and parted on the flarboard fide amidships, ,and feeing the impoffibility of faving any of the Stores, fent away the/ idlers, and firft divifion of feamen' in our own boats to the Danae, Sylph, and Nimrod. At nine Lord Proby came alongfide, and alfo another boat from the Danae, followed by one from the Sylph. The' water was now NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 221 now over the lee gun-wale, and the greater'part of the Stern A. D. totally under water; and it wasat this time difficult and "799 dangerous for boats to approach the fhip, owing to the very great forf amongft the rocks. At eleven o'clock, having got all the people out of the fhip, the, firft lieutenant, by my direaions, fet fire to her rerriains; and Mr. Balling- hall, the matter's mate, cut away her lower mafts ; which being.done, and after I had feen all the commiffioned offi cers and mafter into the remaining boat, I was then under the painful neceffity of abandoning her.- The angqifh of my feelings during the whole of this unfortunate affair, but particularly at the moment when I was obliged to abandon the fhip, thofe who have experienced a fimilar misfortune^ will readjly judge of. I wifh it was in my power on any ¦ other ofccafion to defcribe the very great merit of -all the offi cers and fhip's company ; fore I am, their exertions, their promptness in executing my orders, and the Steady perfe- verance they Shewed, was never on any Other occafion ex ceeded : for in no fimilar inftance was there ever lefs confo- ffon. I now think it neceffary to obferve, that the ihort- nefs of the days at this feafon of the year makes it utterly impoffible for any Ship to reconnoitre the enemy's fleet 'in Breft, unlefs foe keeps off St. Matthew's 'during the night: and I need not obferve how difficult it is to afcertain the precife diftance of a light; and the uncertainty of keeping a ihipin a fafe pofition, without the affiftance of fome head land, or mark for a crofs bearing; which in this inftance was prevented, from the extreme darknefs ofthe night; for although the bearing of the light is always a fufficient -guide with refpea to the Parquet and Black Rocks; yet it is of no ufe to avoid the dangers -of the Sainfes when crui zing within them; and' neither myfelf, the mafter, or pilot, thought it poffible that the light. could be feen at all at the diftance of eighteen miles, vvhich the fhip was from it when fhe ftruck, although it was then fo diftfoa that we ' did not believe it could have been' more than ten or eleven miles diftant, and this opinion will be corroborated by the teftimony of all the ojficers. It is alfo material to pbferve, that the mafter of the Nimrod, who has been fome time employed in the fame fervice off Breft, was likewife on that , night fo deceived by the appearance of the light, that he. drove amongft the rocks at a little diftance from us, but got pf without receiving any material damage.. I flatter myfelf the 222; /. naval chronology. A. D. the above flatement will receive the teftimony and concur* 1799. rence of thofe officers who have been employed off Breft; and' that it will, afford the moft fatisfaaory proof, that my wifh to keep off St. Matthews proceeded from a zealous defire, to fulfil the purport of my orders." On the 26th Lieutenant Pbngelly, in the Viper cutter of 14 guns, and 48 men, being on a cruize, in the Channel, after a running fight of two hours, and clofe aaion of three quarters of an hour, captured Le Furet French privateer of 14 guns, and 64 meni four of whom were killed ; the firft and fecond captains, with fix men womjded. The Viper had only one man wounded. * The Trinity Houfe at Newcaftle has ordered two lead ing beacons to be ereaed.on the fouth fide of the harbour. A longitudinal inftrtrment has been invented by Mr. Ed. ward Hewling, a farmer in Glouceflerfoire ; it is an im provement on Hadley's, or any other quadrant, fextarit, or x;ompafs, being adapted to any ; it is Simple and eafy to be underftood. It gives the number of degrees and minutes to any hours and minutes of time required upon every lati tude from any meridian, by infpe&ion ; Saving the trouble of Calculation by logarithms,. fines, and tangerlts, reckon ing fixty geographical miles to a degree ; and the miles and hundredth parts of miles fet off at the extent of the instru ment, proving at the fame time whether the day's work by x log is accurate. This gentleman has alfo invented fome other ufeful instruments. EXPEDITION TO HOLLAND. Early in the fummer, an expedition ,was' planned by government; the objea of which remained for fome t time a profound fecret. Large bodies of troops were collefled,. and ordered to rendezvous at Southampton, under, the coirirriand of General Sir Ralph Abercrombie ; this army was afterwards considerably augmented, .and ordered to affemble at Yarmouth, Ramfgate, and" Margate, the whole amounting to about 27,000 men, was commanded by his Royal Highriefs the Duke of York. A large fleet of fhips-of war of every defcription, under the command. of AdmiralLord Duncan, with.a numerous fleet of trarif- , , ports, were affembled at thoSe ports for the purpofe of em barking the troops. An embargo was alfo laid on all fliip- ping throughout the .kingdom. Such NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. . 2$3 Such formidable preparations made in this quarter, foon A.D. .difcovered that Holland was the place of deftination of this *799 powerful armament. A treaty was entered into between Great Britain and Ruffia, wherein it was ftipulated, that the . Emperor of Ruflia was to furnifh 17,593 men for.the expedition to Hol land ; and in order to facilitate this important cnterprize, the Emperor was alfo to furnifh fix fhips, .five frigates, and tWo tranfports ; which being armed en flute, were to receive as many troops as they fhall be able to contain, the remainder of the corps were to be " For this objeft, arid under the fame aufpices, his Majefty doubts not that the ancient valour and energy of the Dutch nation will be now exerted with the fame fpi rit and fuccefs. The hand of Providence has already Shewn itfelf in the deliverance of a great part of Europe, from thofe miferies in which the arms and principles of the French republicanifm have for a time been permitted to involve it. The force which his Majefty has confided to Lieut. Gen. Abercromby, and thofe which his Majefty's allies have deftined to the fame object, are abundantly Suf ficient for the protection of thofe who Shall Stand forth in the caufe of their country. It is principally by, the efforts of the Dutch nation, that thefe Sovereigns wifh the deli verance of the republic to be accomplifhed. In the fteps that are to lead to this falutary end, his Majefty earneftly recommends to all the inhabitants of provinces, union and concord. Forgivenefs of the paft, and a determined refo lution NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 227 l.ution to protect againft every tumultuous and vindictive A. D. excefs, the lives and properties of their fellow citizens, '799 even thofe whofe errors of mifconduct have contributed to the calamities, of their country ; but whorn the irrefiftable conviction of experience Shall now unite in this great caufe. On thefe principles, and in this fpirit, the Britifh' army will conduct itfelf among a people whom Englifhmen have long been accuftomed to regard as their friends and allies; but if from henceforth there fhall be found any Dutchmen, who by their adherence , to the oppreffors of their country, at the moment, when by the bleffing of God, its deliverance is at hand, fhall fhew themfelves unworthy of the bleffings of tranquility, of lawful government, and of religious and civil liberty ; thofe and thofe alone, his Majefty's troops will confider and treat as decided and irre- concileable enemies, .not only to his Majefty, and his allies ; but to the profperity of their own country, and to. the general interefts and fafety of Europe. (Signed) " Ralph Abercromby, " Lieutenant general." (Counterfigned) " Frederick Maitland, " Secretary to the Commander in Chief." .Tranffation ofthe Prince of Orange's Proclamation. ".We, William, by theGraceof God, Prince of Orange and Naffau, Hereditary Stadtholder, &c. &c. &cs. to all thofe to whom thefe prefents fhall come greeting. Should be rejected. In future, there-. fore, thofe who bring thefe proclamations, will be confi- dered not as the bearers of a flag of truce, but as prifoners of war.'' Contrary winds and bad weather prevented the fleet from gaining the coaft until the 26th, on which day it an,. chored along the coaft from the mouth of the Texel as far as Gallanfs-Gze. On the following' morning at .three' o'clock the troops were all in the boats, and landed under cover of a warm and well-directed fire from the-gun brigs, Sloops of war" and bomb veffels. The enemy made but little oppofition to the landing ; but foon after a fevere con flict enfoed, which terminated in a complete route of the enemy, who retired to his former pofuion at Keeten. This , gave the Britifh the entire poffeffion of the whole neck of land between Kirk Down, and the roadlaadingto Alkmaar. General Daendels finding himfelf cut off from the Helder,, Q_4 fent 232 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. fent orders for the commander to evacuate the fortrefs -and *799 join him. The next morning this important poft, with feven fhips of war lying in the Nieuve;Diep» and fhe naval magazine, were taken poffeffion of by the Britifh.^ The lofs fuftained by the Britifh in this attack amounted to one lieutenant-colonel, one fubaltem;' three ferjeants, 51 rank and file> killed; one lieutenant-general, ope colonel, one lieutenant colonel, one major, nine captains, Six fubalterns, 28 ferjeants, one drummer, 334 rank and file wounded ; 36 rank and file miffing, The falling ofthe Helder opened the Texel to the fleet; Admiral Mitchell therefore, loft no time in making the ne-' ceffary difpofitions for attacking that of the enemy, which was lying at anchor in a line at the Red Buoy, near the Vlieter ; for this purpofe he got under fail, and flood up in the line of battle a-head ;t the Ratvifon, Ruffian, and America, Britifh fhips of the line, with the Latona frigate took the ground ; which obliged the admiral to clofe his line. As the fleet was ftanding in, the admiral difpatched. Captain Rennie, of the Victor, with the following, fum- nions to Admiral Storey, "viz. " Ifis, under fail in line of Battle, Auguft op, 1799." " I defire you will inftantly hoift the flag of his Serene Highnefs the Prince of Orange ; if you do, you will im mediately be cohftdered as friends of the King of Great • Britain, my moft gracious Sovereign ; otherwise take the *-A lift of men of war, &c. taken poffeffion of in the Nieuve Diep. Stops.. Guns. , rt . - Broederchep (guardfliip) - 64 Vofwagting - - 64 ' Heldin - , . 3i Heftor '¦;•¦'-¦ • . 44 Dalk , . ' - - 4 Minerva " - 24 And about 2 7 Indiaman and Tranfports. f Appendix, Chapt II. No. 380. confequence. 2TAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 233 confequence. Painful it will be to me for the lofs of blood A. D. it may occafion ; but the guilt will be on your own head. 1799 " I have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) " Andrew Mitchell, " Vice Admiral and Commander in Chief of his Majefty's Ships employed on the pre fent expedition." *' To Rear Admiral Storey, or the Commander in Chief' ofthe Dutch Squadron." Captain Rennie,* on his way, picked up a flag of truce with two Dutch Captains, coming from their admiral to Admiral Mitchell, whom he carried on board the Ifis; after a few minute? converfation, at their earneft requeft, the admiral anchored in a line, a fhort diftance from the Dutch fquadron 5 and fent the Dutch captains back to their ad miral, with, pofitive orders not tq alter the po fit ion of the Ships, nor do any thing whatfoever to them, and in one hour to fubmit, or take the confequences. In fefs than that time they returned with a verbal meffage that they Sub mitted according to the fummons. Admiral Storey fent the following written reafons for his fubmiffion : " On board the Wafliington, anchored under the Vlieter, Auguft 30, .1799. " Admiral, " Neither your fuperiority, nor the threat that the Spill- , ing of human blood fhould be laid to my account, could prevent my fhewing you to the laft moment what I could dp for my Sovereign,' whom I acknowledge to be no other than the" Batavian people, and its reprefentatives, when your Prince's and the Orange flags have obtained their end. The traitors whom I commanded refufed to fight ; and no thing reinains to me and my brave officers, but vairi rage and the dreadful reflection of our prefent fituation ; I therefore deliver over to you the fleet which I commanded. From this moment it is your obligation to provide for the fafety of my officers, and the few brave men who are on * In. 1 801 commanded the Invincible of 74 guns, and perime.4 when that fhip was loft. board 234 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. board the Batavian fhips, as I declare myfelf and my officers *799 prifoners of war, and I remain to beconfidered as fuch." "I am, with rfcfpecl, '« S. Storey. , " To Admiral Mitchell, command-. ing his Britannic Majefty's Squadron in the Texel.' Poffeffion was immediately taken of the. Dutch fleet, and a Britifh officer fent on board of each, in order to maintain peace and order among the crew. Admiral Mitchell iffued the following manifesto : « Ifis, Auguft 30, 1799. " The underfigned Vice Admiral, in the Service of his Majefty the King of Great Britain, charged with the exe cution of the naval part of the expedition to reftore the Stadtholder and the old and; lawful conftitution ' of the Seven United Provinces, guaranteed by his Majefty, having agreed, that in confequence of the fummons to Rear Ad miral Storey, the fhips, after hoifting the ancient colours, will be considered a$ in thd fervice of the allies of the Bri tifh Crown, and under' the orders of his/Serene Highnefs fhe Hereditary Stadtholder, Captain and Admiral General ofthe Seven United Provinces, has thought it proper to give an account of this agreement to the brave crews ofthe different fhips, and to fummon them by the fame to behave . in a peaceable and orderly manner, fo that no complaint may be reprefented by the officer, the underfigned will fend on board each of the fhips to keep proper order, until the intention of his Majefty, and his Serene Highnefs the Prince of Orange, as Admiral General, fhall be known, for the further deftination of thefe fhips, on account of which difpatches will be immediately fent off. And to make them aware, that in cafe their conduct Should not be fo as may be expected from the known loyalty and attach-,1 ment ofthe Dutch navy fo the illuftrious Houfe of Orange > on this occafion, any e'xceffes or irregularity will be pu- nifhed with the feverity which the diforders may have been committed merit. *' (Signed) Andrew Mitchell." At NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 235 At the fame time Captain Wimthprpe, of the Circe, A.D. took poffeffion of thirteen fhips of war, three Indiamen, J7°9 and a Sheer hulk, in the New Diep; together with the naval arfenal, containing ninety-five pieces of ordnance.* It is pofitively faid that the crews of the Dutch fhips of war manifested Signs of difaffedtion and infubordination the evening preceding the day the Britifh fleet entered the Texel ; and upon admiral Storey making the fignal to prepare for ' battle, it broke out into an open revolt and difobedience to the orders of their officers, whom they feized, took poffeffion of the magazines,- unloaded the guns, and threw the balls and cartridges into the fea. This is folly confirmed in Admi ral Storey's letter to the Minifter of Marine of the Batavian Republic. The Dutch fhips of war a few days after were fent to England under the efcOrt of fix fail of Britifh fhips ofthe line and two Ruffians.t , Admiral Mitchell having no further occafion for the re venue cutters, difmiffed them with the following handfome acknowledgement of the fervices they rendered the expe- . dition. " His Majefty's Ship Ifis, in the Mars Diep, September 4,x 1799. " Sir, " As the fervice ofthe revenue cutters is now over, it ' would be highly improper for me to delay their return ; I fhall, however, keep two to be advice boats. «' I cannot permit them to leave me, without acquaint ing you -of the good conduct of all the cutters ; their con- ftarit activity in obeying every order ; and the unremitting zeal they have at all times (hewn, merits my warmeft thanks j and I. can only fay, without them and the other boats, we never could have gone on as we have fo fortu nately done. " I do therefore in, the moft earned manner recommend * them to your notice. This will be delivered to you by Captain Newlan'd, whom they have chofen to have the honour to prefent you with this. He is a moft zealous ofii- * Appendjx, Chap. II. No. 381. f Appendix, Chap. II. No. 3 S». cer, 236 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D- cer, and will give you every information relative to the na- J799 ture ofthe fervice they have been employed in. " I have the honour to be, V Your moft faithful humble fervant, " A. Mitchell." ff Right Hon. H. Dundas." In the mean time the army under General Abercromby, confifting of about 16,00.0 men, had moved forward, and taken poft behind the %ype, a low and interfered ground, about eight miles in extent, at the entrance of the penin- fula, and defended by a dyke, behind which they intrenched themfelves, defending it with a numerous artillery ; the: advanced pofts of their right extended from Petten to Eenig- enhurg ; thofe. of the center a little behind, and parallel to the Great Dyke, were at St, Martin's, Volkoog, and Schagen ; thofe of their left at Havingtmyren and Zydewind. Jn this pofition the French and Batavian armies, which Were compofed of about, 25,000 men, commanded by the Generals Vandamme, Dutnonceau, and Daendels, at day-. break on the morning of the 1 oth of September attacked the Britifh, and after a moft fevere conflict, were reputed and driven back to their former pofition, with the lofs of nearly 1000 men ; that on the fide of the Britifh amounted to 37 rank and file killed; one major-general, one lieute nant-colonel, one major, four captains, 5 fubalterns,' two ferjeants, 135 rank and file wounded; 1 ferjeant, 18 rank and file miffing. On the 12th the Captains Portlock and Bolton, in the Arrow and Wolverene flopps of war, attacked, and after a gallant action captured eight fail of Dutch armed veffels, which were lying in the narrow channel between Flag Ifland and Harlingen* The Arrow had one man killed;. * British Force. Arrow, 28, 38 pound carronades. Wolverene, 14, two of which were long 24 pounders, 1 80 men. Dutch Force. Draak, 24. guns, fix 50 pound brafs howitzers, two 32 pounders, fixteen 18 pounders, long guns. Being too bad to briSgoff, burnt. trier, 14 guns, long 12 pounders. Two fehooners, four long eight pounders each. Fourfchoots, two long eight pounders each. Number of men 380. Captain- NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. '237 Captain Forflock and eight wounded. The lofs of the A.D. enemy could not be exactly afcertained. i?99 On the 13th of September his Royal Highnefs the Duke of York landed at the Helder from on board fhe Amethyft frigate; at the fame time a large body of Ruffian'troops under General Hermann were difembarked. On the 15th an affair of pofts took place between. the two armies. The combined army of Britons and Ruffians being now rein forced to about 35,000 men, headed by the Duke of York ; on the 19th at day break attacked with great fury the whole of the enemy's line, which continued with great violence until the clofe of day, when the Britifh were obliged to fail back to their entrenchments at the Zype. The French and Batavian army alfo retired to the fame pofts it occupied be fore the battle. The lofs the Britifh army fuftained, was one lieutenant- colonel, two. captains, two fobalterns, one ftaff, two fer jeants, 121 rank and tile killed; Seven lieutenant-colonels, Six majors, 15 captains, 15 fobalterns, '20 ferjeants, two drummers, 364 rank and file wounded; 22 ferjeants, 5 drummers, 479 rnifling. ' The Ruffian general Hermann was taken prifoner, with about 1500 officers and men killed and wounded. Lieutenant Rowad, of the royal navy, was wounded ; four feamen killed, and feven wounded. The Duke of York, in his public difpatches, expreffeS himfelf highly indebted to Sir Home Popham, and Captain Godfrey, of the navy, for their Spirited conduct in the ma nagement of three gun boats on the canal of Alkmaar. On the 21ft Admiral Mitchell Shifted his flag into the Babet, and proceeded with many of the fmall armed veffels and bombs into the Zuyder Zee; on his appearance the towns of Enkhuyfen and Mendenblick Submitted, and hoifted the. Orange flag; as did thoSe of Steveren and Lemmer, to Captains Bolton and Boorder, of the Wolve rene and Efpiegfe. On the 28th of September the Blanche frigate, employed to convoy a divifion of the troops from the Helder, got on Shore on the Middle on the Sculp Gut,, and was totally loft. A boat belonging to the Dodrecht, fent to her affiftance, was overfet ; the gunner and fix men were drowned. On the 6th ot -October Captain Patrick Campbell, of the Dart floop of war, having under his command four armed 238 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. armed veffels, attacked and brought off four of the enemy's. x799 gunboats, each mounting four guns, and manned with 20 or 30 men, which were lying near the Pampus, without , " the lofs of a man. On the 8th Captain Winthorpe, in the Circe, finding he could not get up to a floop of war and fchooner of the enemy's which were lying clofe under the batteries of Delfzel, difpatched the boats of the fhip to board and bring them out, under the command of Lieutenants Maughan ' and Pawle, who executed this fervice in a moft gallant manner without the lofs of a fingle man, notwifhftanding the enemy's guns were loaded, primed, antf-matches lighted. The fhip (the LynxJ mounted 12 guns and 75 men; the fchoonerj (the Perfeus) four guns and 40 men. On the 9th of October, La Lutine, of 32 guns, Cap4 tain Launcelot Skinner, failed from Yarmouth t Roads with feveral paffengers, and an immenfe quantity of trea- fure, for the Texel ; in the courfe of the day it came on to , bloW a heavy gale of wind, and continued the whole of the night, during which the fhip drove on the outer bank of the Fly Ifland paffage, and was loft. The dafknefs of the night, and violence of the gale, precluded all poffibility of giving- her the' leaft affiftance. At day-light not a veftige of the veffel was to be feen; fhe had gone to pieces, and every foul exceptingtwO perifhed, one'of whom died foon after of the fatigue he had encountered. The money fhe had on board is faid to have amounted to 140,0001.* , On foe nth Captain James Boorder, ofthe Efpiegle, who was left for. the defence of the town of Lemmer.at five o'clock in the morning was attacked by a party ofthe enemy, who attempted fo Storm the north battery; they were Soon bravely attacked by the feamen with their pikes, furrounded them, ahd the whole amounting to one officer and 30 men, laid down their arms. Captain Boord'et had, no fooner fecured his prifoners, than he was attacked by the remainder of the enemy's force, amounting to 670 men ; \ his own did not exceed 157 failors and marines; after a fevere conteft, which lafted four hours and a half, the ene my gave way, and fled in all directions. The marines were immediately ordered, to purfoe them ; but the enemy it? * Two feamen bf the Lutine were picked up by a bye-boat, floating on oars, one of whom died toon after his arrival atYarmouth. their NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 23Q their retreat having broken down a bridge, prevented their A-D. colours and two field pieces from falling into the hands of 1799 the victors. In this conflict' 25 ofthe enemy were killed, and 29 wounded. On the fide of the Englifh not a man was hurt. On the 2d' of October, at fix o'clock in the morning, the Duke of York made a general attack upon the whole of the French and Batavian lines ; the conflict was long and bloody, continuing till the fame hour in the evening, when General Brune was obliged to retire, leaving the combined army mafters of the field of battle. Tlie next day it entered Alkmaar, and fent forward the advanced pofts parallel to the French and Dutch army towards Haarlem. , * The lofs the Britifh fuftained amounted to one major, five captains, five fobalterns, n ferjeants, 215 rank and file, 44 horfes killed ; two colonels, two lieutenant-colo nels, three majors, 22 captains, 39 fobalterns, one ftaff, 46; ferjeants, feven drummers, 980 rank and file, 78 horfes wounded; one captain, four fobalterns, feven fer jeants, three drummers, 178 rank and file, three horfes miffing. Ruffians, 170 killed or taken prisoners, 423 wounded, '50 horfes killed. On the 6th the Duke of York again attacked the whole front of the enemy's line, carried Ackerfloat, ajid had advanced as far as Kaftricum, when the battle became general; the French and Batavian army being considerably reinforced, fuddenly changed the fortune of war, and kept the combined army in check ; the action was long and bloody— it continued till night, when the French and Batavian army returned to its pofition at Be- verwick. In this battle the Britifh loft two lieutenant-co lonels, two fobalterns, three ferjeants, one. drummer, 85. rank and file, nine horfes killed ; one colonel, one lieute nant-colonel, three majors; feven captains, 23 fobalterns, one ftaff, 23 ferjeants, 673 rank and file, ,13 horfes wounded; two lieutenant-colonels, one major, five cap-- tains, n fobalterns, 13 Serjeants, two drummers, 576 rank and file miffing. Ruffians, 382 killed or taken pri foners; 735 wounded. The Duke of York finding the great inconvenience and difficulty which muft attend his remaining at the poft which he at prefent occupied, affembled a council of war, whofe unanimous opinion it was, that the army could no longer maintain , $4Q nayAl chronology. Ad: maintain its prefent pofition ; that it fhould fall back to the x799 Zype, 'and wait the further orders of his Majefty. The army accordingly fell back; the Duke of York took up his* head quarters at Schagenbtirg, and entered,int6 a negociation with General Brune for the fufpenfion of arms, and the unmolefted evacuation of Holland by the combined armies. General Knox, on the part of the Britifhj and ,Roftollon, chief of the Staff, general of brigade of the French and Batavian army were commiflioned to negociate this treaty. ? Articles propofed by General Brune in an Explanatory Note. " i ft. The Batavian fleet which was furrendered to Admiral Mitchell by Admiral Storey, Shall he reftored tq the Batavian Republic, with its ftores and crews. In caSe the Duke of York Shall not be vefted with Sufficient powers to comply with this article, his Royal Highnefs fhall engage to obtain from his court an equivalent compenfation. "2. Fifteen thoufand prifoners of war, French and Bativians, detained in England, Shall be unconditionally releaSed, and fent home. " 3. The batteries and forts of the Helder Shall be re ftored in the condition in which they were found at the pe riod of the invafion of the Englifh and Ruffian army. " 4. The army under foe command of the Duke of York, fhall, within forty-eight hours, evacuate the pofi tion of the Zuyp. ¦.„; '•„ " 5. The troops competing the. Englifh and Ruffian army Shall be embarked fucceffively, and as Speedily as poffible. All the Britifh Shipping Shall quit the Texel, and all the Englifh and Rulfian troops be withdrawn Srotn the teas, coafts, and iflands of the Bataviari Republic be fore the 20th of November next ; and Shall not damage the great Sources of navigation, or occafion any inundation in the country. " All Ships of war, or other veffels, having on board rer inforcements for the combined Englifh and Ruffian army, Shall be put to fea as foon as poffible, without landing the fame. "7. To guarantee the execution ofuhefe articles, hoftages Shall be given by the Duke bf York, to be feleded amongft the officers of rank in his army. ' His NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 241 His Royal Highnefs the Duke of York having made fuch A.D. objections as he judged neceffary to feveral ofthe above ar- J799 * tides, efpecially to the ift and 4th, which were entirely relinquished by the French general; and in the 2d, that 8000 prifoners fhould be releafed; adding,' that Admiral De Winter fhould be eonfidered as exchanged ; and the time \ fixed for the final evacuation ofthe country fhould be the 30th of November; this convention was agreed to, and Signed by General Knox, and General of Brigade Roftol- lar, on the 20th of October. The retreat of the Britifh and Ruffian army was follow ed by foe evacuation of the Zuyder Zee bv , Vice Admiral Mitchell and his flotilla, and from the iflands and port ofthe Lemmer. Before the admiral left Enkhuyfen, he fent the following ( letter to the Regency and inhabitants. x " Previous to my quitting this place, I wifh to exprefs my feelings, to convince you, that it is entirely owing to .the fmallnefs of my forces that I do not remain to make a needlefs defence againft- fuperior numbers ; convinced of your agreeing with me in this point, I have thought proper, after the tidings received from Hoorn and Mendenblick, ra ther to evacuate the town, than expofe it to the vengeance ~'. given, under the fevereft threats, not to undertake any. thing for the defence of the fhip. From fome of the other fhips I alfo heard, at different times, the cries of mutiny. At that moment the Captains Van de Capelle, and De Yong, had approached the Englifh fleet, which had eaft anchor at fome, diftance. On their return, the two cap-, tains Brought me a letter from the Englifh admiral :* tell ing fne at the fame, that with great difficulty, they had obtained an hour, for me to confider about an anfwer, and that two Englifh officers +' had come with them to carry it. Previous to this, 1 had ordered all the commanding officers of our fleet on board of my Ship, to confult upon our fituation, and what we were to do. I was convinced that not a fingle foot would be fired from the Wafhington ; Captain Kolf that the fame, was the cafe in- the Utrecht; Captains Van Braham and De Yong flated that their crews - refuted to fight ; all the other captains complained more or lefs; excepting Captain Van Senden, who faid that his crew were at the prefent moment, in the beft order ; but that he could not expect any th'ing from them., if the ad miral's fhip made no defence. The Batavia,- the fhip Which he commanded, was next the admiral's. Under thefe circumftances, and convinced that we could, at the utmofl; '• See Admiral Mitchel's letters to Admiral Storey. f , i, ¦' only NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. . 247 6nly fife a few Shot upon the enemy, who was our Superior; A.D. ift point of number, it was foon determined what refolu- '799 tion we Should take. We agreed unanimoufly to Strike the BataViari flag,, and to declare mySelf dnd all the officers prifoners of war, without going into detail upon foe affu- rances of friendfhip made to us on hbifting any other flag. I then fent an anfwer to the Englifh admiral.* The two Englffh officers who had arrived along with Captains Van de Capelle and de Yong, remained on board the Wafhingr ton from that moment to this day. In the evening, at their defire, the ci-devant' prince's flag was hoifted : to day they demanded that we fhould falute their fleet, by firing fome guns ; but this I refuted, declaring that we could not be confidered otherwife than prifoners of war, and therefore could not be obliged to any fervice. — What will become'of us, with this extraordinary manner. of carrying on the war, and oftaking Ships, I cannot conceive : we muft wait the the refult of this, as well as of the whole bufinefs. Mean while you can have no idea of the difagreeable fituation of myfelf and my officers. , " The fpirit of mutiny on board the fleet is not yet quelled. This morning, among other circumftances, we were informed, that the crew of the Ambufcade frigate had proceeded to the moft, unexampled exceffes, and were not afoamed to commit the barbarous action of throwing, a man over-board, who was known to be an advocate of the caufe of liberty, and that the officers were not able to do any thing for the fafety of this unfortunate man. Once more judge from all this, how little I. could expect to be able m do with this traiterous and inhuman Set; judge - what muft be my prefent fituation ; I Shall endeavour to give you ftill more circumftantial accounts. " Health and refpect, (9igned) «' S. Storey, Rear Admiral." The wretched and humiliating ftate to which the French' marine had ; fallen, raufed the ambitious fpirit of Buona parte, the chief conful, to adopt meafures for its improve ment ; which'he hoped from the encouragement held .out* might be productive of an emulation amongft the officets* and men, tO'ejcert themfelves in the exercife of the gilns * See Admiral Storey's anfwer. , ¦ R 4 and 248 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY* A. D. and manoeuvres of foe fleet ; by which, they might' once x799 rnrire make an effort-to cope with. the fleet of their too pow erful enemy. - For this purpofe many new regulations were eftabiifhedj, and in July the following Slate paper was publifhed;. "• _ The Conjuls, to the Minifter of Marine. " The confers cannot perceive without' concern, citizen ministers, that- Several veffels ofthe Breft fleet have been difarmed ; and that at a moment in which more than- ever it was .effential to complete the organization of our , fleet; we. have fuffered ourfelves to be difcouraged by the firft difficulties which have prefented themfelves. " It is'at a moment, in which the continental war ab sorbs the principal refources of the nation, and the principal attention of government, that the minifters of the marine, the admirals, and the administrators ought to redouble their courage, and to furtnount every obftacfe. " Caufe an enquiry to be made into the conduct of thofe administrators, or officers who have ordered the disarm ing of the four veffels which have quitted the road,' and gone into the harbour, and of thofe who would have autho rized the difmiffal of the failors. Such operations could jiot be legal without the fpecial order of government.. " Take meafures at the fame time, that failors may be - raifed on all our coafts; and that alfo our fhips may be equipped and Stored with every , thing neceffary for their'' navigation. The French people wifh for a marine. It eagerly withes foe it.' It will make all the neceffary facri- fices, that its wifh may be gratified. " Keep a ftridt, but juft eye upon all our officers, and upon the different branches of the administration. It is time that dilapidations Should be put an end to; TJilmifs 'thofe perfons who have long been too clearly pointed out by public opinion, as participating in fraudulent tranfactiqns. Since the law cannot reach them;, let us deprive. them at leaft of the power of doing injury. In the courfe of Fruc tidor, if circumftances permit it, the firft eonful will go to vifit the fleet^t Breft. " Rewards -Shall be adjudged to the Ship Which Shall be the beft conducted^ and the crew pf which Shall be beft dis ciplined. » « Order NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. ; 249 <{ Order the commander of the fquadron at Breft, A.D. as well as all the other commanders and captains of Ships, J799 to remain constantly on .board, to fleep in, their veffels, and to exerciSe their crews with encreaSed. activity. Efta- blifh prizes for the young feamen who Shall moft distin guish themfelves by their exertions,; and for the gunners who Shall fire moft correctly. , Let not a day pafs without their exercifing themfelves at firing at marks, on the coaft and in the open fea,. (Signed) '« Buonaparte, « Firft Conful. « H. B. Maret, " Secretary of State." Inconfequence of this Slate paper, the minifter of the marine iffued the following; orders to the fleet. Ofthe Exercife of Mufquetry. ift. " The exercife of mufquetry fhall take place three times each decade, on board all the veffels of the republic, , both by the foldiers and the Sailors. 2d. " All thofe who are fufficiently inftructed in the ex ercife of arms, Shall be allowed to fire at a target. This Shall be always done bo board; and if the pofition of the veffel will < not permit it, the officer commanding in the road Shall point out another veffel for that purpofe. ¦¦ 3d. " A double ration Shall be given to ajl thofe who fhall hit the mark." The Exercife of Cannon. ' ' ' ' ift. " The exercife fhall be divided Ipto the great and fmall exercife; 2d. " The fmall exercife Shall take place fix times every decade,- on board of each veffel; it Shall be performed by the whole crew upon four guns of every calibre. 3d, " The grand exercife Shall take pl^ce three times every decade. It fhall b'e general, and every man Shall occupy his poft, as if in action. , 4th.. 2SO nAval Chronology. A.D. 4th. « Befides the great and fmall exercife,' they Shalt x'799 exercife firing under fail* in fquadrons and divifibns. 5th. " A ftrong corvette Shall be ordered to manoeuvre in the road, fo that they may fire at greater or lefs dis tances, ' 6th. « This exercife is to take place, every day in the' morning and evening. The commander in the roads will point out the veffels which are to furnifh detachments pro portionable to the number of their crews. 7th. " Once every decade during the Summer, and 1 once a: month during the winter; there fhall be in the ' corvette of inftrUction, an extraordinary exercife. " 8th. " Every veffel in the road fhall fend on board the cor vette, the number of men fufficient to manoeuvre a cannon. 9th. " When the exercife is over, two prizes fhall be given to the two who Shall fire beft. loth. " The firft prize is to, be ten francs, and the. fecond five. They are to be decreed by a chief officer, ap pointed by the commanding officer of the road. nth. " The veffel to whom the beft cannoneer Shall belong, Shall be decorated with flags the whole day." Maneuvering Exercife. ift. " There Shall be performed in every veffel, every day, the manoeuvres neceffary in time of action. 2d. " The commander of the road Shall direct the ma noeuvres which are to be made. '3d. " Ttfe commanding officer Shall, by fignal, point out the veffel which Shall manoeuvre beft, which veffel fhall have the fignal flag flying all day at the maft-head. 4th. " The captain of the veffel Shall caufe to be given to the twenty men who performed the beft, a double ration. 5th. " The commander qf that road Shall, the enSuing -'¦- ...-.!.' t'» The commiffion has not turned its attention to the Sala-; ries which ought to be allowed to the prefident, the otheP members, and the Secretary of this board. That object, if was of opinion, would better form pare of the plan or'orga*' nization for the admiralty. Article ift. There Shall be established a board of admiralty in France. , 2d. This board Shall be compofed of a prefident, fijf members, and a feeretary, to be appointed by the executive government, ' 3d. The prefident Shall .directly communicate with the executive authority, receive its orders, and lay them before, foe board. - ...-, -.,.',. . ., 4th. Every queftion before the board Shall be deter mined by a majority of votes : the prefident Shall have three votes, except in the,' cafes Specified in the 6th and 7th ar ticles, in which he fhall have no more than, one. 5th. ' The powers vetted in the board fhall be the fame as thofe at prefent exercifed by the minister of marine and! colonies. * 1 6th. The board Shall be the only tribunal of appeal. , All Sentences paffed by naval and military courts-martial, and all other courts instituted, or to be instituted for trying offences Committed in the ports and naval arfenals, in. the bay and aboard all Ships of war. .. 7th- ^ Shall determine fo the laft refort all caufesi rda-' tive to naval prizes. ' 8th. The executive authority Shall appoint a commiffary and two lawyers?, to- affift the HJoard in the cafes fpecified in the' 6th and 7th articles. \ 9th; NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, '255 ^th, According to the decifion of the board of admi- A.D. Talty, and except in the cafes Slated in the following article, J799 two members Shall fign, and the Secretary. Shall countersign. the inftrudtions, orders, and difpatches relative to all the military, the judicial, feientific, administrative, economical, oy medical operations, in -the fervice of the marine or colo nies; brevets and commiffions of every kind; plans, ac counts, and warrants, of the general and fohordinate trea- , furers., loth* When efpecially authorized by the executive au thority, the prefident foall fingly fign, the instructions give^ to the commanding or inferior officers of the fleets, fqua- drons, or Single Ships of war, to the military or civil agents of the executive authority in the colonies ; and commissions. for the temporary exercife of any rank or office. , ,1 ith. The board of admiralty Shall organize the officers of the , central administration .of the marine and .cofonies j and appoint the.principal and inferior officers in that depart ment. 1 2th. The board of admiralty foall aqnually caufe alL the ports, and foe different branches of fervice in each port, td be infpedted by delegates chofen out of the boar4 itfelf. 13th. It may caufe every thing connected with its powers in foe colonies to be infpedted by temporary dele gates not belonging to the board. 14th. The members ofthe board may be appointed hy the executive authority to the command of fleets ; in this cafe their functions, as members of the board of admiralty, Shall be fufpended ; but they Shall reSume them on their return. 15th. The number of the members ofthe board of ad miralty affembled atfoe feat of government, can never be lefs than five. 1 6th. The general and particular officers, and all offi cers commanding fleets, Squadrons, divifions, or veffels of the Republic, fhall render a direct account of their naviga tion to the admiralty on their return, or on their going into any port, and on all occafrons during their cruize ; When the inforrpations which they may have procured at fei Shall be of Such importance as to require to be tranfmitted. 17th. All the captains of privateers, and merchant Ships, Shall tranfmit the like accounts to the admiralty on their 256 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A- D. their return to the Republic during their flay in foreign *799 ports, ^and on every opportunity during their voyage, if circumftances require them to difpatch information. 18th. All the directors" of the cuftoms Shall likcr /wife render an account without delay of the riaval ftores and commodities which may arrive in their diftricts from foreign countries, and make the fame known ta the proprietors or confignees of the faid Stores and merr chandize. 19th. All fetters, difpatches, and accounts, formerly addreffed to the minister of marine and foe colonies, Shall be addreffed to the board of admiralty, with the ex ception of diredting by this fecond fuperfcripfion to the prefident alone, communications refpecting the marine and colonies, invalids, and prices^ bargains, and con tracts of every kind; negotiations, and demands for mo ney, with the modes of application, andwarrants of pay ment, grants of leave of abfence, letters of marquey and generally every "thing connected with commerce, fisheries, naval difcipline, the execution of the laws, and the im provement of naval inftitutions. Thefe Signatures are indifpenfible to give effect tq the orders or difpatches, which, according to the 10th article, cannot be opened but by their prefident. (Signed) Bruix, Paris, 6th Frimaire, Thevenard,. . %th year. Leger, Haran, ' D UM AVOIR LePPELLY. Sane, ' T. F. Gauzin, Gaittheaume, Froc. Laboulaye. Several very interesting caufes Were tried this year in the Court of Admiralty, which may be considered ufeful for the information of fea officers, efpecially the judgement of Sir William Scott on the right offearching neutral convoys by belligerent powers.- '- ' .. In January it was decided that Ships captured, although commissioned and armed, having a cargo on board, the captors are not entitled to head money.* * See Admiralty Reports, Vol. I, 157. Caufi' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. ' 25/ A.D , Caufe of a Capture made b) t the Crews oj "King's Ships, 1799 ftationed at the. Ifland of Marcou. The Rebeckah, Thomfon mafter. This was a queftion of intereft on the capture of a veffel made from the ifland of St. Marcou, whether it fhould be condemned as a Droit of Admiralty or to the captor. For the Admiralty, the Adv. of the Admiralty and Laurence. — The circurriftances of the capture are I That this veffel, in putting into St. Marcou for fafety, was fired at from the fort, and immediately.ftruck her colours : That She continued to ride there a whole day before. poffeffion was taken ; that it was at laft taken by a boat's crew com ing off from the fort. Thefe fadts, it is prefumed, are fofficient to eftablifh the claim of the-admiralty, as the law gives the benefit of alj captures made in roadfteads, creeks, or havens, and on anchorage ground, to the lord high admiral, as his pe- culium. The cafe of the * Trautmanfdbrff, in which the Lords , decided againft the claims of the admiralty, differs mate rially from the preSent, as that capture was made in the open fea, off the bold fhore of St. Helena ; it was, befides, doubtful, in. what manner poffeffion was firft taken; whe ther by a boat from the Powerful, or by the act, of firing a fhot from, the fort. In this cafe it is not difputed that the furrender was" made to the fort long before any boat went off to take poffeffion. In a'cafe of a capture made by the Garrifon of Gibraltar, the Noftra Signora del Carmen.t it was condemned as a Droit of Admiralty. In this cafe it is an additional circumftance in favour of the claim of the admiralty, that the ifland of St. Marcou is certified to be peculiarly' under the direction of the admiralty ; on thefe grounds, it is Submitted, the prize is to be condemned as a Droit of Admiralty. For the Captors, the King's Adv. and Arnold — In this cafe there had been a miftake in praying condemnation to * Lords, Aug. ift. 1795. + The Noftra Sienora del Carmen, Eregnante, mafter, "laden with wine and oil, feizedin the harbour of Gibraltar, by order bf Colonel Roger Elliot, lieutenant governor; "fhip and cargo condemned to the lord high admiral as perquifites of admiralty, — Adm. June 45, 1708. , Vol. III. S the 258 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. i A.D. the crown; but it has been rectified, and the individriat *799 captors are now the parties before the court. Againft either, the admiralty can have no claim. The capture was made by naval officers, in their naval character ; and therefore, ' primafacie, it is acquired to the king, and through him to the actual captors. The proof therefore muft lie with the admiralty to take this cafe out of the general rule. But thq afferted facts are not eftablifhed by the .evidence. It is by no means proved that the veffel was at anchor at the time of capture, as it is rather intimated by the expreffions of. the witneffes, that She .Struck her colours before fhe came to an anchor. If there was, however, proof of that fact, it by no means follows that' this capture would be fo be confidered as a -Droit of Admiralty : 'there is no pretence to fay that the place of capture was a port or haven : it is merely a Streight runninghetween the ifland and the French coaft; is rather an anchorage-ground off the ifland of St. Marcou, than a port or haven within its limits. By the decifion of the Trautmanfdorffit is clearly fettled, that an intention to come in is not fufficient ; there muft be an actual coming in to fupport the claim of the admiralty. No fuch thing is proved in this cafe ; and, therefore, the condemnation muft pafs in favour pf the actual captors." Judgment. " Sir W. Scott*- .The general queftion arifes, upon the capture of a veffel at the ifle of M?rcou, effected with con« fiderable exertions of gallantry and perfeverance by the crews of the Sand-Fly and Badger, ftationed in and near that little ifland ; „and it is a queftion of intereft between ¦ the lord high admiral, or, as in modern times it' is more ufoally expreffed, the king in his office of admiralty, re-' prefenting that great officer, and the naval captors Handing uponthe general claim of prize, under the proclamation^ and the prize acts of parliament. " The rights of the lord high admiral are, of great an tiquity and Splendour j and are entitled to great attention and refpecl ; and certainly to full, as much in this court as in any other place where they can poflibly come under consideration. At the fame time it is not 'to be under stood that an extenfion of thefe rights beyqnd their abfolute / limits is to be favoured by construction ; they are parts and parcels of the ancient rights of the crown commu nicated by former grants to that, great officer, under a < . ' • very NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 25(> Very different State and adminiftration of his office from, A. D. that which now exifts in practice. } 799 ' *' All grants of the crown are to be ilrictly conftrued againft the grantee, contrary to the ufual policy of the law in the consideration of grants; and 'upon this juft ground, that the prerogatives and rights and emoluments of the crown being conferred upon it for great purpofes, and for foe public ufe, it fhall not be intended that Such prerogatives, rights, and emoluments, are dimihifhed by any, grant, beyond what fuch grant by neceffary and un avoidable construction fhall take away. It is not improper for me toadd, that the particular circumftances of the pre fent cafe, which imply great merit of active exertion orj the part of the captors, would certainly riot difpofe the t Court to lofe fight of this general rule in considering this queftion of intereft. " The grant to the lord high admiral (evidenced as it is by the orders in council of $$65,* and by the fubfifting practice,) !* The following is a correal copy of thofe oilers : At a qayncil held at \y"qrcefter-houfe, the 4,th of March, l&v$-5> Present. *f he King's moft Excellent Majefty, His RoyaTHighnefs the Duke of York> His Highnefs Prince Rupert, Lord Chancellor, : Duke of Albemarle, Earl of Lauderdale, ¦ Lord Fitzharding, Lord Arlington, Lord Berkeley, Lord Afhley, Mr. Secretary Morrice, ,' ' Sir William Coventry. "VVhereas through the long uitermiffion of any war at fea, by his M*-; jelly's authority, feveral doubts have arifen concerning certain rigfettsv of^he lord high admiral in time if hoftility, the determination wheraof - appearing very neceffary For the direction, as well of his Majefty!? vfficers as of thofe of foe lord high admiral ; upon full hearing an*t debate "of the particulars hereafter mentioned, the king's eqtincily learned in the common law, and likevyife the judge of the high, court - of admiralty, and thofe of his Majefty's and, hir Royal Highnefsi&e lord high admiral's t;o\wfel>' in the laid high court of admiralty, bejnjj $refJ3Jt. his Majefty, prefent in counfel, >vgs |leafed to declare. Ml. That all fhips and goods belonging to enemies, coming intct toy part, creek, or road, of this his Majefty's kingdom of England Sir qf Ireland, by ft'refs ef weather, or either accident, i?r by mif- t»ks of port, «¦' by ignorance, not knowing »f the war, 4« ,Wong to '".'*'" S„'i '"' ~ "t]|e 26*0 ' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A. D. practice,) gives him the benefit of all captures by whornfb- i799 ever made, whether comtnillioned or noncommiffionea per fons, under certain circumftances of fituation and locality— that is, " of att flips and goods coming into ports, creeks, or roads a/ England or Ireland, mlefs they come in voluntarily 'Upon revolt, or are driven in by the king's cfuifers." Wage hath conftrued this to include fhips and goods already come into ports, Creeks, or roads, and tljefe not only of England and Ireland, but of 'all. the' dominions thereunto belonging. Buti can by no means agree to the pofition that has been laid down, 'that wherever a Ship can find anchorage-ground, there is a road or roadftead within the meaning of tin's grant.' For if that were fo, the lord high admiral would be entitled to all captures made within a moderate diftance of moft parts' of the coafts of England and Ireland,, and the foreign dominions belonging , to them ; which,^affuredly is not the cafe; for who would fay, that if a fhip at an chor in the Channel of Dover is feized by a commiffioned croifer, the admiral is entitled ? Every anchorage ground is 'not a roadftead — a roadftead is a known general Station for Ships, ft alio, tufiffima nautis, notorioufly ufed as Such, and diftingrrifhed by the name, and not every fpot where an anchor will find bottom and fix itfelf. 'The very expref- fion of" coming into a road'.' fhews, that by road is meant* fomething much beyond mere anchorage-ground on an open coaft. When it was laid down in the Trautmanf- dorff, that it was not necefifary that the (hip fhould be actually entered, and that it was enough if fhe was in ipfis faucibus of the port,- creek, or road, it is evident that the words, ports, creeks, or roads, have a fignification inti- ' ' the lord high admiral ; but fuch as fhalT voluntarily come in, either men of war or merchantmen, upon revolt from the enemy, and fuch as fhall be driven in, and_forced into port by the king's.men df war, arid alfo fuch fhips as fhall be feized in any of- the posts, creeks, or load's, of this kingdom, or of Ireland, before any declaration of war pr reprifals by hisMajefty, do belong unto his Majefty. . ' 2d. That enemies' fhips and goods cafually met at fea, and feized' by any veifel not commimonated, do belong to the lord high admiral. 3d. That falvage belongs to,, the lord high" admiral Tor all" fhips refiued. 4th. That all fhips forfaken by the company belonging to them arc the lord high admiral's, unlefs a fliip Commiffionated' have given die eccafion to fuch dereliction, and the fliip fo left be feifced by iuch fhip purfuing, or by fome other (hip commiffionated, then in the lame company, and jn purfuit of the enemy; and the like is'to be undsrr ftooa at any goods thrown out of any fhip puriucd, mating NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 2@l *nating certain known receptables of Ships, more or lefs A.D. protected by points and headlands, and marked out by li- . ' 799 mits, and reforted to as places of fafety, „ " Hbw far St. Marcou has a road that will at all fatisfy this defcription, may be questioned. •' The witneffes talk of a road, it is true ; but it fhould feem that thefe fmall and barren rocks enclofe no portion of the fea that can be ftridtly fo confidered. It is a pretty open flreight running between them and the coaft of France, where foips may ride as they may do in other open parts of the French coaft. It might likeyyife admit of a queftion, hpw fSr fuch a mere naval ftation, without inhabitants, and with- . ( out government, either civil or military, as in truth it is, and merely occupied; for the temporary convenience of thefe gun-veffels and their crews,, is fo far a recqgnifed poffeffion of the crown of England as to come within the intention of the grant, which, according to the letter and my apprehenfion of its meaning, cannot travel beyond the ports, creeks, and roads of England and Ireland, and the dominions thereunto belonging. "" paying thefe queftions, however, out of the cafe, the firft queftion that will occur applies to the time of the cap ture, whether" that is to be dated from the actual taking poffeffion, ot the previous Striking of the colours ; and I think that' the Striking of the colours is to be deemed the teal dcditio. If the French had focceeded in their attempt to defeat that furrend.er, then the actual final taking of poffeffion muft have heen alone confidered. But-as that attempt failed, I am of opinion that the adt of formal fubmiffion having never been effectively difcontinued, muft; be deemed the confummation of the 'capture; and if'fo, the next .queftion will be, where the veffel was at the time that this adt took place?, And this is proved to have been, '.* when (he was about to go into the road to anchor there ;" $or Such is the expreffion of the witners upon the third ln- , terrogatory,* which points more immediately to the place of capture, although on tfie 29th, which is pointed - only to foe general courfe of the veffel upon her voyage, be faysj f> §h'e put into the road there." The fecond wit-~ nefs defcribes her merely " as paffing by the ifle of Marcou 3t the time," and the third f^ys, in the language of the £rft, that " fhe was about to go into the road t,o anchor tihere,'' £ learly, by all their defcriptions, She had not S3 ' • entered iBi NAVAL CHROjTQLOGf* A.D. entered She road, and fhe Was under fail at the timi* fljft *799 Struck hfer colours. In point of locality, then, the, date of fhe admiralty is not founded, for fhe was not in ipfisfw* cibus; She was about to enter, but was not actual K enter* ing, arid that is the point at Which the admiralty -right com* niences. 1 «' The claim, therefore, of the admiralty muft be fupJ ported, if at all, upon the other ground, vit. that this was a capture made from the land, and by a land force, and therefore not a maritime capture, by perfons commiffioned to take for their own benefit— and I think it is proved that the Striking of the cdlours was compelled by a firing' from the Shore, and that a, boat was fent from thence to take poffeffion. Now upon this fubjedt I entirely accede' to what haS been laid down, that a capture at fea made by a, force upon the land (which is a cafe certainly poffible, though not frequent) is confidered generally as a non-com-' miSfioned capture, and enures to the benefit of the lord high admiral. Thus, if a fhip of the enemy was com. , jpellcd to Strike by a firing from the caftle of Dover, or other garrifoned fortrefs upon the land, that fhip would be a droit of admiralty, and the garrifon muft be cbrftent to take a reward from the bounty of the admiralty, and hot a prize-intereft under the kittg!s proclamation. All title to fea-prize muft be derived from commiffions. under the admiralty, which is the great fountain of maritime authd- rity; and a military force upon theland is not irivefled .With any commiffion fo derived, impreffing upon thefh a maritime .character,' and authorising them to take upon that element for their own benefit. I likqwife think,' cafes| may occur, in which naval perfons, having a real authority to take upon the fea for their own advantage, might yfcf entitle the admiralty, and not theirifelves, by a capture made upon the fea by the ufe Of a force ftatitihed iipOrf the land. Suppofe the crew, or part of the cfeW, of a man of war were landed, and defcried a Ship of the enemy at fea, and that they took poffeffion of any battery of , fort upon the Shore, fuch as may be met with in rriariy parts of the, coaft, and by means of flich battery or fort 'com pelled Such a Ship to Strike; I have no doubt that foch a • capture, though made by perfons having naval cbmrriif- ' fiohs,'y_et being made by means of a force upon the land, Which they employed accidentally, and without any right. under NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 263 under their commiffion, would, be a droit of admiralty, A.D. and nothing more; and therefore I do not think it quite x799 enough to fay that the perfons here were naval commif fioned perfons, and consequently entitled to the benefit of all property taken upon the fea, But I think that the pe culiar nature and quality of the place Where the capture was effected, is to be added to the confideration. What is St. Marcou ? It is filled a garrifon and a fort by one or two witneffes, but inaccurately ; for it is certified by the commander in chief, that there is no garrifon nor any mi litary eftablifhment whatever; it is a mere naval flation, ufed for the temporary accommodation ofthe crews of thefe Ships of war. There is not a perfon upon'it who is not borne upon the fhip's books, and who is not a part of their crews ; they have, the fhip's pay; -the fhip's victuals; and the fhip's officers to command them ; the blockhoufes which they have constructed' are mounted with their own Ship-guns, with the addition of a few Spare guns otherwife procured. The whole force, fuch as it is, upon this little \ fpot, is entirely fubfervient to thefe veffels, and for their ufe, and ' for no other purpofe, as the certificates declare; Such a place, fo feledted and fo employed, is hardly to be confidered as any thing elfe than as a part or appendage of the naval force ; it is a fort of Stationary tender, rather ' attached to and dependent upon thefe veffels, than having the veffels attached to and dependent upon it. This pecu liar character of the place diftinguifoes it, moft effentially from the cafe of a- land fortrefs poffeffed by a military garrifon. The capture then was effected by naval com miffioned perfons, ufing'a force immediately fubfecl to their ufe ; and from its peculiar, circumftances fuffici- ently naval in itfelf to* be diitinguifoed from an ordinary land force, Subject to military perfons. It is a maritime capture, effected regularly by a maritime force, and in a Spot where the right of the admiralty had not yet com menced upon the thing itfelf at the time of the furrender. And upon thefe grounds I fhall pronounce for the claim of 'prize, under the king's proclamation and the prize acts." S 4 'Sir 0&4: Naval chronology. a.e>. 1799 # , v- ¦ &V WjLtlAM Scott's Judgment, on the Right tofearch neutral Veffels ; decided in the Caufe of Captain Lawford, ' ¦ Commander of a Squadron of his Maj city's Ships,- j of ' detaining and bringing into the Downs, a Swedifh Fri,. gate, and her Convoy, in January, 1798; laden with, I'-itch, Tar, Hemp, Deals and Iron. '~ " THIS fhip was taken in the Britifh channel, in com-? pany with feveral other Swedifh veffels^ failing under con voy of a Swediffi frigate, having cargoes of naval ftores, and other produce of Swederi on board, by a Britifh fqua dron, under the command of Commodore Lawford. " The facts attending the capture did npt fufficiently apr pear to the court upon the original evidence- it therefore directed further information to he fopplied, and by both parties, " The additional information riow brought in confifts of feveraratteftations made on the part of the captors, and of a copy ofthe inftrudtions under which the Swedifh frigate failed, transmitted to the king's proctor from the office of the Britifh Secretary of ftate fox the foreign department, On the part of the Swedes, fome attestations and certifi cates have been introduced^ but all of them applying' fo. collateral matter, none relating immediately to the facts o£ the capture, Qn this^evidence the court has to determine this moft important queftion ; for its importance is very -1 fenfibly felt by the court. I have, therefore, taken feme ,v": time to weigh the matter maturely; I Should regret much, if that delay has produced any private inconvenience ; but I am not cpnfeious (attending to the numerous other weighty caufes, that daily prefs upon the attention of the court,} that I have interpofed more time in fqrri*ing my judgment than was fairly due to the importance of the gueftiori, and -to the magnitude. of the interests involved fo it. < ; " , - " In forming that judgment, I truft that it has no» efeaped my anxious recolfeaion for one moment, what it is that the duty of my Station calls for from me;— namely, to confider myfelf as ftationed -here, not to deliver occa sional and Shifting opinions to Serve prefent purpofes, of particular NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 265 particular national intereft, but to adminifter with indiffe- A.D. rence that juftice which the law of nations hold out, with- J799 out diftindtion to independent ftates; fome happening to be neutral, fome to be belligerent. The feat of judicial au thority is, indeed, locally here, iff the belligerent country, according to the known law and practice of nations ; but the*)aw itfelf has no locality. It is the duty of the perfon who fits here to 'determine this queftion, exactly as he would determine the fame queftion if fitting at Stockholm ; to'affert no pretenfions on the part of Great Britain, which he would not allow to Sweden in the fame circumftances, and to impofe no duties on Sweden, as a- neutral country, which h? would not "admit. to belong to Great-Biitam, in the fame character. If, therefore, "I miftake the law in this matter, I miftake that which I confider, and which I mean fhould be confidered, as the univerfal law upon the queftion; a queftion regarding one of the mod important rights of belligerent nations relatively to neutrals. '? The only fpecial considerations which 1 foall notice in favour of Great Britain (and which I am entirely defi rous of allowing to Sweden in the fame or fimilar circum stances) is, that the nature of the prefent war, does give this country the rights of war, relatively to neutral ftates, in as large a mea fure as they have been regularly and legally exercifed, at any period of modern apd civir iized times, Whether I eftfoiate the nature of the war juftly, I leave to the judgment of Europe, when I declare that I confider this as a war in which neutral ftates them felves have an intereft much more direct and fubftantial than they have in the ordinary, limited, and private . when England and other Slates Were engaged iq the Con* *79,9 federacy againft Louis XIV. by a lawyer upon the continent, Groningius, who was defirous of Supporting the claims of neutral commerce, in a treatife which he was > . then projecting. Puffendorff concludes his anfwer to him in thefe words : " / am not fiefpri&ed that the northern powers Jhoxld con* f ult. the general intetefts of till Europe, without regard totht " gompldints of feme' greedy merchants, who care not how tbi^s go, provided they can but fatisfy their thirft of gain. Thofe princes wifely judge that it would not become them to take pre* eipitate rrteafures whilft other nations are combining their whole force to reduce within bounds an infolent and exorbitant power wkich threatens Europe with flavery, and the- pro* teftant religion with deftruclion. This being the intereft of the northern crowns themfelves, it is neither Juft nor necef fary that, for the prefent advantage, they fhould interrupt fa falutary a deft«ny efpecially as they are at no expence in the affair, and run no hazard." In the opinion, then* of this wife and virtuous Swede, the nature and purpofe of a war was not entirely to • be omitted in the confidera tion of the warrantable exercife of its rights, relatively to neutral flates.—His Words are memorable: — I do not over-rate their importance, when I pronounce them to b^ . Well entitled to the attention of his country. " M might likewife be improper for me to pafs entirely without noticej as another preliminary obfervation, (though without meaning to lay any particular SlreSs upon it,) that the tranfadtion in qufeftion took place in the Britifh channel* elofe upon the Britifh coaft, a Station over which tbe crown of England has, from pretty remote antiquity, al ways afferted- Something, of .that Special jurisdiction which the Sovereigns of other countries have claimed and exer- cifed over certain parts, of the feas adjoining to thei? coaft. " In eonfidering the cafe, I think it will be advifbable for me, firft to State, the facts as they appear in the evi dence; Secondly,, to lay down th& principles of law which apply generally fo fuch a ftate'of facts ; thirdly, to examine whether any fpecial circumftances attended the tranfadtion ( in any part of it, which ought* in any manner, ot degree, to affect the application of thefe principles. •'The NAY.AL CHRONOLOGY. $6/ 4i The facts of the capture are to be learnt only from A.D. the captors; for, as I have obferved, the claimants have J 799 been entirely filent about them, and that fuence gives the Stronged confirmation to the truth of the accounts delivered by the captors. " The atteftation of Captain Lawford ' introduces and verifies his- log-book, in which it is ftated, that after the meeting of the fleets, he fent an officer on board the fri gate to enquire about the cargoes and deftination of the merchantmen, and was anfwered, " that they were Swedes, bound to different ports in tha. Mediterranean, laden With * hemp, iron, pitch, and tar." Upon doubts which Captain Lawford entertained refpecting the conduct he (honld hold in a fituation of fome delicacy, he difpatched immediately a meffenger to the admiralty, keeping the convoy in his view; and having received orders from the admiralty, by the return of his meffenger, to detain thefe merchant (hips, and carry them into the neareft Englifh port, he fent Sir Charley Lindfay, and Captain Raper to com municate them in the civileft terms to the Swedifh com modore,; who Shewed his instructions to repel force by force, if any attempt was made to board the convoy, and \ declared that he Should deSend them to the lafh The crew of the Swedifh frigate were immediately at quarters, matches lighted, and' every preparation made for an obfti- nate refiftance; and the Signal was made on board the Britifh Squadron to prepare for battle. In the night, pof feffion was taken of, moft ofthe veffels; the Swedifh frigate making many movements* which were narrowly Watched by fhe Romney, keeping clofe tinder his lee, .lower rieck guns run out, and every man at his quarters. In the morning the Swedifh frigate hoifted out an armed boat, and fent on board one of the veffels which had beeri taken poffeffion pf, and tbok oiit by force the Britifh, officer who had been left on board, and carried him on board the Fri— gate» where he was detained. The Swedifh commander fent an officer of his pwn on board Captain Lawford to complain that he had taken, advantage of the night to get poffeffion of his convoy, Which wasunobferved by him, or he Should affurfedly have defended thetn to' the laft. Updn further conference arid reprefentation of fhe im1 practicability of refiftance to Such a foperior Sorce, he at length agreed to go into "Margate Roads, and returned the BntiSh 208"' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Britifh officer who had been taken out and detained on *799 board the frigate. After the arrival in Margate Roads, he lamented that he had not exchanged broadfides ; faid that fie -did not confider his convoy as detained, ahd Should re* Sift any further attempt to take poffeffion of them. I " Captain Raper ftates, that on going on board jhe Swedifh frigate, he found all the men at their quarters,- and thefhip clear for action ; that the commodore Shewed his orders and expreffed his firm determination to carry them into execution. Captain Lawford fent a boat with an officer on board feveral of the convoy, to defire they would follow into Margate Roads ; their anfwerwas, they wpuld obey no one but their own commodore. " Lieutenant M'Dougal defcribes in like ferips foe me. racing appearance and. motions of the Swedifhrtfj^ate.^— He was Sent to take poffeffion of veffels which would not bring-to without firing at them. On his going on board' one of them, the mafter declared that he had orders' from his commodore not to give up the poffeffion of her to any perfon whatever, and repeatedly drove away by force the Britifh mariner, who, by his order, took poffeffion of thq helm, • • ' " Mr. Cockraft is another'wifnefs. to the fame effect, and Mr. Candifh,. the officer who was taken by force out of the Swedifh merchantman.' Expreflions of Strong re-, proachagainft the proceedings of the Englifh, were addreff. ed to him, and the commodore protefted, that if he had not, been furprifed, he would have defended his convoy to the laft, <« What then _ do thefe atteftations (uncontradiaed at, testations) prove? To my apprehenfion they prove moft clearly thefe SadtsT-That a large number of veffels, con- riefted all together with each cither, and with a frigate ' which convoyed them, being bound to different ports in A< the Mediterranean, fome declared to be enemy's ports and Others not, with cargoes confifting, amongft other things, of naval ftores, were met with, clofe' upon the, Britifh coaft, by his Britannic Majefty's cruifers ; that a continued refiftance was given by the frigate to the adt of boarding any of thefe yeflels by the Britifh cruiSers, and that extreme violence was threatened in order to prevent it ; and that the violence was prevented from proceeding to extremities, only by the Superior #ritiSh force which ayerawed it; that the NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 2()Cr "act being effected in the night, by the prudence of the A.D. Britifh commander, the purpofe of hoftile refiftance, fo i?99 far from being difavowed, was maintained to the laft, and complaint' made that it had been eluded by a Stratagem of the night — that a Sorcible recapture of one veffel took place, and a forcible capture and. detention of onefiritifh officer who was on board her, and who, as I under'ftartd the evi dence, was not releafed till the fuperionty of the Britifh force had awed this Swedifh frigate into fomething bf a flipu- lated fubmiffion. "So far go the general facts.' — But all this, it is faid, might be ignorance or perverfenefs ofthe Swedifh officer of the frigate— the folly or the fault of the individual alohe. This fuggeftion is contradicted' by Mr. Raper's log-book, which proves that the merchantmen refufed to admit the Britifh officers on board; and declared that they would obey nobody but their own commodore ; a fa£t to which Mr. M'Dougal likewife bears tefti mony. It is contra dicted ftill more forcibly by the two fets of inftrudtions, thofe belonging to the frigatex, and thofe belonging to the merchant Veffels. The latter have been brought info court , by themfelves, and of the authenticity of the former, there 'is no reafonable doubt; for they are tranfmitted to me upon the faith of one of the great public offices of the Britifh - ¦government, and no perfon difavows. them, and indeed no body can difavow them, becaufe they were produced by the Swedifh captain, who made no fecret whatever1 of their con tents. Something of a complaint has been indulged, that the orders from the Britifh admiralty have not been produced ; a lingular complaint, considering that they were never called for by the claimants, and they were not ordered by the court ; becaufe if the act ofthe captors was illegal, the orders of the admiralty would not juflify it; and the want of orders would not vitiate, if the adt was legal: No myftery, however, was made about thefe ; forNthe communication of orders and inftrudtions was mutual and unreferved. It is faid that the inftrudtions to the frigate are intended only againft cruizers of Tripoli, and an •affidavit has been brought in, to fhew that that government had begun hostilities againft- the Swedes. The language, however, of thefe inftrudtions is as univerfal as language poftibly can be ; it is pointed againft the «' fleets of any" nation whatever." It is,- howe ver, faid, tha* this was merely to avoid giving offence to the Tripbline government. But is the Tripoline govern ment ' £70 iTAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. merit the only government whofe delicacy is to he con* *799' Suited in fuch matters? Are terms to be ufed alarming tp every other ftate, merely, to fave appearances with a go vernment which, they alledge in the affidavit referred to, had already engaged in unjuft. hostility againft them ? There is, however, no neceffity for me to notice this foggeftion very particularly, and for this plain reafon, that it is merely a foggeftion neither proved nor attempted to be proved fo any manner whatever ; and. the res gifta completely proves the fact to be. otherwife, becaufe it is clear that if it had been fo, the commande.r of the frigate. muft have had moft! explicit inftruaions to that effea. They could never haj# put fuch general inftruaions on board, meaning that they Should ' be limited in their application to one particular State, without accompanying them with an explanation, either verbal' or written, which it was impoffible for him to nrifunderftand. Such explanation was the mafter-key which they muft have provided for his private ufe : whereas nothing can be more certain than that he had been left without any fucn reftri.aive inftruaions ; he therefore aas, as any other man would do, upon the natural , ' fenfe and meaning of tf}e only inftruaions he had re ceived. On this part of the cafe, therefore, the qyeftiqa is, ^What is it that thefe general inftrudtions purport r " The terms of the inftrudtions are thefe— they are in capable of being mifunderftood : " In cafe the commander fhould meet with any fhips of war of other nations, one or more.of any fleet whatever, then the commander is to treat, :them with all poffible friendship, and not to give any qcco- ,Sion of enmity ; but if you meet with a foreign armed veffel, which fhould be -defirous of having further affurance, that your frigate belongs to the king of Sweden, then the commander is by the Swedifh, flag, and Salute, to make known that it is So; or if they jvould make any fearck amongft the merchant veffels lender your convoy, which ought to be endeavoured to be prevented as much as poffible, thefi the commander is, in cafe fuch thing fiouid beinfifted upon,, and that renymftrances could hot be amicably made, and that .notwithftwd'tr.g your amicable compartment, -the merchant flips fiouid neverthelefs be violently attacked, then violenct maft be oppofed againft violence." Removing mere civility of expreffmn, what is,the real import of thefe inftrufiionsj? Neither more nor lefs ;han this, according to my appte- henfiflfct Naval chronology. %$\ henfion ; — " If you meet with the cruizers of the bellige- A. i>. rent ftates, and they expreSs an intention of vifiting and « 79 J fearching the merchant fhips, you are to talk them out of their purpofe if you can; and if you can't, you are to fight them out of it." That is the plain Englifh, and I pre- fume, the plain Swedifh of the matter. '* Were thefe inftruaions confined to the frigate, or Were they accepted and aaed upon by the merchantmen? That they were aaed upon is already fhewn in the affidar vits which I have Stated; that they were deliberately ac cepted, ' appears from their own inftruftions, which exactly tally with them. Thefe inftruaions declare in exprefs terms, " that all merchant fhips, during the time they are under convoy of his Majefty's Ships, are earneftly forbidden to fuffer the boats of any foreign nation to board them for the fake of vifitation or fean;hitfg±Jb\it in cafe fuch boats fhew an intention of coming along-fide, -the merchant fhips are to Sheer from them." It appears from the atteftation that foe obedience of thefe merchantmen outran the letter of their inftruaions. " Whatever then was done upon, this occafion was not done by the unadvifed ralhnefs of one individual; but ihat they could not, nor ought to truft fo much to particular captains at fea ; that it would be an introduction and encouragement to difaffected perfons to affift the enemy, and urged efpecially that in no former trea ties any fuch articles were found, and that their highand mighty lords, had no reafon to defire now any fuch novelty. I laid that the practice' on this fide in regard of fearch'ing and vifiting fhips, without difference was a new, thing, and that the inhabitants of the united Netherlands, feeling the trouble and inconveriiency of it, had reafon to infift that it ¦* Thurhe, IVolJefy, Jones. \ may. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 277 Lord Clarendon* But- the article I refer to is not of A.V, thofe he reprehends; and it is obfervable that Sir Robert '799 Wifeman, then the King's advocate general, who reported upon the articles in 1673, and expreffes.a difapprobation of fome of them as harfh and novel, does not mark this article with any obfervation of cenfure. I am therefore warranted rtn faying, that it was the rule,1 and the undif- puted rule, of the Britifh admiralty. I will not fay that ' that rule may not have been broken in upon in fome in stances by confiderations of comity, or of policy, by which it may be fit that the administration of this fpecies of law Should be tempered in the hands of thofe tribunals which have a right to entertain and apply them ; for no man, can deny that a ftate may recede from its extreme rights, and that ift Supreme councils are authorifed to determine in what cafes may be fit to do fo, the particular captor ha,ving in no cafe any other right and title than what the date itfelf would' poffefs under the fame fa&s of capture. But I Stand with confidence upon. all fair principles of reafon,— . upon" thq diflina authority of Vattel— upon the institutes of other great maritime countries, as well as thofe of our «iay be rectified by a good regulation.' Vol.6, p'.'zii. See alfo for the former conference, vol. 5. p, 663. " It appears that fo many objections had arifen on the treaty pro. ' pofed on the part of Holland ; that it was found neceffary to form an ' entirely new projet.— Vol. 0. p.523, 55S., " In a fubfequent letter from, tlie Hague, 30th Nov. 1657, it ap- pears that the treaty broke off on this difference : ' Le Sieur Nieuport n'eft pas encore ici arrive, mais il efcrit .auffi d'avoir prins fon conge. II eft foVt crbyable qu'il ne fera guefe content d'avoir faille a achever le traitee de la marine; neanmojns, je m'imagine que la Hollande a • prefent ne feroit, pas fort marry de rie l'avoir pas acheve, pour ne ft pas ofter la liberte de vifiter. des memes en cette guerre contre Por tugal,' Tkurloe's St. Papers, Vol. 6. p. 622. " On the fubject of fearch generally, without any expreffed refe rence to convoy, there is this letter from Cromwell, to Geperal Mon tagu: ' The fecretary hath communicated to tis your letter ofthe aSth, by which you acquaint him with the directions you have given for the Searching of a Flufhing and other Dutch fhips, which (as you are informed,) have bullion and other goods aboard them belonging ro^_ the Spaniard, the declared enemy of this ftate. There is no queftion. ' to be made but what you have directed therein is agreeable both to the laws of nations and the particular treaties which are between this corrj- monwealth and the United Provinces, and therefore we defire you t6 continue the faid direction,', and,to require the captains'to be careful in ' .doing their duty therein. • ' ' 1 Hampton Court, 30th Auguft, 1657,' _, * " Lord Clarendon's Life, p. 242. T 3 own 278 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. own country— when- 1 venture to lay it down,- that by th$ 1799 law of nations, as now underftoo.d; a deliberate and con tinued refiftance to fearch, on the part of a neutral veffel to a lawful cruifer, is followed hy the legal confequence of confifcation. 3. " The third propofed enquiry was, whether any fpecial circumftances preceded, accompanied, or followed the tranfaaion, which ought in any manner or degree to affea the application of the general principles? s " The firft ground of exemption Stated -on the part of the claimants is the treaty with Sweden, 1661, article 12, and it was infilled by Dr. Lawrence, that although fhe, belligerent country is aufoorifed by the treaty to exercife rights of enquiry in the firft inftance, yet that thefe rights were not exercifedln the manner therein prefcribed. It is an obviousj anfwer to that obfervation, that this treaty never had in its- contemplation the extraordinary cafe of an armed veffel fent" in company with merchantmen for the . y^r^,riurpofe of beating off all enquiry and fearch. On tlfa?coritrary,;it fuppo/es an enquiry for certain papers, and if they ate not exhibited, or ' there is any other juft and , Strong caufe of fufpicion,' then the lhip is to undergo fearch.* The treaty, therefore, recognifes the. rights of * " It is faid by Secretary Thurloe, in his conference with the Dutch embaffador, December 1656, ' that the point of paffes was very , confiderable to the ftate, .and that the -fame was never agreed to in any treaty with any nation, but lately to Sweden.' Th. St. P. vol. 5. p. 683. " A reference to the certificate of foreignmagiftrates, with a pri mary but inconclufive credit afcribed to them, appears to have been eftablifhed in Denmark, by Frederick II. in 1583, as a cuftom-houfe regulation refpecting the cuftoms and Sund duties payable by foreign merchants — fpeaking of abufes, ' we, not finding any longer to fufrer the fame, do therefore will, that henceforrh every man which itfes his trade of merchandife and navigation through our cuftom towns and ftreams do caufe a certain and juft brief of all the laden merchandifes and goods to be comprehended in the certificates which he is to-take ,' under the feal of his raagiftrate, and deliver the fame to our cuftomers, with this warning, that if any man arrive there without fuch true and juft certificate, and any hindrance a'nd inconvenience do happen unto him in that refpect, the fhip being fearched, that then he, impute the fame unto himfelf, and not unto us or ours ; and if upon caufe and fuf picion, the fhips fhbuld -be fearched, notwithftanding that a particular certificate had been delivered ; and that in them more merchants' goods fhould be found than were comprehended in the certificates which were brought in, then not only thofe goods, but the whole fhip and goods, as being forfeited, fhall be confiscated and ieize'd upon.' Promulged, 1583. Rym. Feed, vol, xvi. -p. 3.47, 352. enquiry NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 2JQ enquiry and fearch, and the violation of -thofe rights is not A.D.. lefs. a violation ofthe treaty than it is ofthe general law of '799 nations. It is faid that the demand ought firft to have been made upon the frigate : I know of no other rule but that of mere courtefy which requires this; for this extraordinary cafe of an armed fhip travelling along with merchant Ships is not a cafus foederis that is at. all fo provided for in the treaty; however, if it is a rufe, it was complied with in the prefent inftance, and the anfwer returned was, that, ." they were Swedifh Ships bound to various ports in the Mediter ranean, laden with iron, hemp, pitch, and tar." The queftion than comes, what rights accrued upon foe receipt of this anfwer ? I fay, firft, that a right accrued of fending on board each particular Ship for their feveral papers ; for each particular Ship, without doubt, had its own papers: the frigate could not have them; and the captors had a right to fend on board them to demand thofe papers, as' Well under the treaty as under the general law. A fecond right that accrued upon the receiving of this anfwer was, a right of detaining fuch veffels as were carrying cargoes fo compofed, either wholly or in part, to any ports of the ene mies of this country ; for' that tar, pitch, and hemp, going to the enemy's ufe, are liable to be feized as contraband in their own nature, cannot, I conceive, be doubted under the modern law of nations; though formerly, when the hosti lities of Europe were lets naval than they have fince' be come, they were of a disputable nature, and perhaps conti-? nued fo at the time of making that treaty, or at leaft at the time of making that treaty which is the bafis of it, I mean the. treaty in which Whitlock was employed in the year 1656 : for I conceive that Valin expreffes the truth of this i matter, when he fays, p. 68, . ' De droit ees chofes,' ¦ (fpeaking of naval ftores,) 'font de contrabande aujourd'hui et depuis le commencement de ce fiecle, ce qui n'etoit pas - autrefois nean'moins;' and Vattel, the beft recent writer upon tHefe matters, explicitly admits amongft pofitive con traband, ' les bois et tout ce qui' fert a la conftruaion et a I'armament de vaiSfeaux de guerre.' Upon this principle was founded the modern explanatory article of the Danifn. treaty, entered into in 1780, on the part of Great Britain, by a nobfe lord,* then, Secretary of ftate, whofe attention * The late Earl of Mansfield. T 4 lia^ 280 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A-D-, had been peculiarly turned to fubjeas of this nature. I am l799 therefore of opinion, that although it might be fhewn that foe nature of thefe commodities had been fubjea to fome controyerfy in the time of Whitlock, when the fundamental treaty, was conftruaed, and that therefore a difcreet filence Was obferved refpeaing them in the compofition of that treaty and of the later tre'aty derived from it, yet that the - exposition which the latter judgement and praaice of Eu rope has given upon this fubjea would in fome degree affe& and apply what the treaties had been content to leave on that indefinite and difputable footing on* which the notions then more generally prevailing in Europe had placed it. Certain it is^thatin the year, 1750 the Lords of Appeal in this country declared pitch and tar, the produce of Sweden, and pn board a Swedifh Ship bound to a French port> to be contraband, and. fubjea to confifcation, in the memorable cafe of the Med Godd's Hjelpe: In the more modern under standing of this rnatter, goods of this nature being the pro duce of Sweden, and the aaual property of Swedes, and conveyed by their own navigation, have been deemed, in Britifh Courts of Admiralty, upon a principle of indulgence to the native produas and brdinary commerce' of that coun try, fubjea only to the milder rights of pre-pccupancy and pre-emption; or to the rights of preventing the goods from being carried to the enemy, and of applying them to your own- ufe, making a juft pecuniary compenfation for them. ¦ But to thefe rights, being bound to an enemy's port, they •are clearly fubjea, and may be detained without any viola- . tion of. national or individual juftice. Thirdly; another right accrued, that of bringing/in for amore deliberate in quiry thap could poffibly be conduaed at Sea upon Such a number of veffels, even thofe which profeffed to catry car goes with a neutral deftination. Was there or was these not the juft and gravefufpicion, which the treaty refers to, , excited by foe circumftances pffuch a number of veffels with fuch cargoes intended to fail all along the extended coafts of the feyeral public enemies of this kingdom, under the proteaion of an armed frigate affociated with them for the very purpofe of beating off by force all - particular in quiry ? But fuppofing even that there was not, is this the manner in which the dbfervance ofthe treaty or of the law of nations is to be enforced? Certainly not by the treaty it- fejf ; for the fomedy for infraaion is provided in compenfa-j tion. - NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 281 tions to be levied, and punifhments to bein.liaed upon dp- fyP' linqu.ents by their own refpeaive fovereigns. Article 12. I|©9 How ftands it by the general law ? . I don't fay that cafes may not occur in which a fliip may be authorifed, by the na tural rights of felf-prefervation to defend itfelf againft ex treme violence threatened by a cruizer grofsly abufing his 'commiffion; but where the utmoft injury threatened is the. . being carried in for inquiry into the neareft port, fubjea to a full refponfibility in cofts and damages if this is done vexa- tioufly and without juft caufe ; a merchant veffel' has not a right to fay for itfelf, (and an armed veffel has not a right to fay for it,) ' I will fubmit to no fuch inquiry, but I will take the law into1 my own hands by force.' What is to be the iSTue, if each neutral veffel has a right to judge for itfelf in the firft inftance whether it is rightly detained, and to aa upon that judgment to the extent of ufing force? — ¦ Surely nothing but battle and bloodfhed, as often as there is any thing like an equality of force or an equality of fpi rit. For how often will the cafe occur in which a neutral veffel will judge itfelf to be rightly detained ? How far the peace of the world will be benefited by taking the' matter from off its prefent footing and putting it upon this,' is for the advocates of fuch a meafure to explain. I take the, ' rule of law to be, that the veffel fhall fubmit to the inquiry propofed, looking with confidence to thofe tribunals whofe nobleft office (and I hope not the leaft acceptable to them) is to relieve,, by compenfation, inconveniences of this kind, where they have happened through accident or errof ; and to redrefs, by compenfation and punifhment, injuries that have been committed by defign. " The fecond fpecial ground taken on the part ofthe claimants was, that the intention was never carried into aa. And I agree with Dr. Laurence, that if the intention was voluntarily and clearly' abandoned, an intention fo abani- doned, or even a flight hesitation about it, would not con stitute a violation of right 'But how ftands the fea in the prefent cafe? The intention gives way, fo far as it does give way, only to a Superior force. It is for thofe who give fuch inftruaions to recolfea:, that the averment of an abandonment of intention cannot poffibly be fet up, becaufe the inftruaions are delivered to perfons who are bound to pbey them, and who have 11b authority to vary. The? in dention' is neceflarily unchangeable; and being fo, I do not fee 282 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. fee the perfon who could fairly contradia me, if I was tOj *?99 afiett that the delivery and acceptance of fuch inftruaions, and the. Sailing under them, .were Sufficient to complete the aa oS hoflility. However that might be2 the prefent fa& is, that the commander fails with inftruaions to prevent inquiry and fea'rch by force, which inftruaions he is bound to obey, and which he ,is prevented from aaing upon tq their utmoft extent only by an irrefiflible force. Under ' fuch circumftances how does the prefumption of abandon- ment arife? If it does, mark the confequences : if he meets with a Superior force, he abandons his hoftile purpofe; if • he meets with an inferior force, he carries it into complete effea. How much is this Short of the ordinary ftate of aaual hoflility ? What is hoftility ? It is viotence where you canvufe violence with fuccefs ; — and where you cannot, it is fubmiffion and Striking your colours. Nothing can be more clear, upon the perufal of thefe attestations, than that this gentleman abandoned his purpofe merely as a fubdued perfon in an unequal conteft. The refiftance is carried on as far as it can be; and when it can maintain itfelf no longer, fugit indignata. " 3. It is faid that the papers were not immediately taken poffeffion pf, nor proceedings inflitutedtili long after the arrival in port. Thefe are unqueftionably irregula rities; but I agree with the King's Advocate in maintain ing, that they are not fuch irregularities as will deftroy the captor's right of proceeding, for the claimant had his re medy in the way of a monition. ' • How thefe delays were occafioned, whether in confequence of pending negotiations, (as has been repeatedly afferted in the courfe of the argu ment) I am not judicially informed. If fuch negotiations ever exifted, I may have reafon perfonally to lament that they have proved ineffeaual. But the. legal confequence of that inefficiency undoubtedly is, that the queftion of law remains the fame as if no fuch negotiation had ever been thought, of. . , • " 4. It is lafrly faid, that they have proceeded only againft the merchant veffels, and not againft the frigate, the principal wrong-doer. On what grounds this was done— whether on that fort of comity and refpea which is not unu- fually Shewn to the immediate property of great and auguft Sovereigns, or how otherwife, I am again not judicially informed ; but it can be no legal bar to tbe right of a plain tiff' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. '283 tiff to proceed,- that he has for fome reafon or other declined A.D. to proceed againft knottier party againft Whom he had an '"79'J equal or poffibly- a fuperior title. And as to the particular cafe of one veffel which had obtained her releafe and a re delivery of her papers, the aa of the captors may perhaps furnifh a reafonable ground of diftinaion with refpe£t to her own fpecial cafe ; but its effea, be it what it may, is con fined to herfelf, and can be extended no farther. " I am of opinion, therefore, that fpecial circumftances do not exift which can take the cafe out of the rule which is generally applicable to fuch a ftate of faas ; and I have al ready Slated that rule to be the confiscation of all the pro perty forcibly withheld from inquiry and fearch. It may be Sitting,, (for any thing that I know) that other corrfidera- tions Should be interpofed to foften the feverity of the rule, if the rule can be juftly taxed with feverity; but I have neither the knowledge of any fuch considerations, nor au thority to apply them. If any negotiation? have pledged (as has been intimated) the honour and good faith of the country, I can only fay that it has been much the habit of this country to redeem pledges of fo facred a nature. But my bufinefs is merely to decide whether, in a Court of the Law of Nations, a pretenfion can be legally maintained which has for its purpofe neither more nor lefs than to ex tinguish the right of maritime capture in war ; and to do this, how ? by the direa ufe of hoftile force on the part of a neutral State. It is high time that the legal. merit of fuch a pretenfion. Should be dffpofed of one way or other — it has heen for fome few years paft preparing in Europe — it is ex tremely fit that it Should be brought to the teft of 2. judicial decifiofi : for a worfe ftate of things cannot exift, than that pfan undetermined conflict between the antient law of na tions, as understood and praaifed for centuries by civilized nations, and a modern projea of innovation utterly inconfift- ent with it; and in my, apprehenfion, not more inconfiftent with it, than with the amity of neighbouring States, and the perfonal fafety of their refpeaive fubjeas. " The only rcmainining queftiori which I have to con fider is, the matter of expences ; and this I think myfelf bound-to difpofe of with as much tendernefs as I can hfe in favour of individuals. It is to be obferved, that the quef tion itfelf was of an importance and delicacy fomewhat be yond' the powers of decifion beloriging to fuch perfons— the 284 NAYAL CHRONOLOGY, , A.D. the authority of their country 'has been in fome .degree fur-. '799 prifed in this matter — the captors have been extremely tardy in proceeding to adjudication. Attending to all thefe con siderations, I think the claimants are clearly entitled to have their expences charged upon the value of the property up to the time of foe order for further proof. From that time, the property might have been withdrawn upon bail, and it Is no anfwer to the Court to fay that this gentleman or another gentleman did not think it advifeable to commit their pri vate fortunes in the extent ofthe fecurity required. It is the bufinefs of foreigri owners who have brought their fhips and cargoes into fuch fkuations of difficulty, to find the 1 means of relieving them when the opportunity can be ufed. I go fofficient length's in allowing expences for the further time in which orders could have been obtained from Sweden, and I fix this at the diftance of two months from the order - of further proof: and, condemning the Ship and cargo, I direa all private adventures to be reftored'. " This is the fubftance of what I have to pronounce judi cially on this cafe, after weighing with the moft anxious care the feveral faas and the learned arguments which have been applied to them. I deliver it to my country — and to foreign countries — with little diffidence in the reaitude of the judgment itfelf: I have ftill more fatisfaaion in feeling an entire confidence in the reaitude of the considerations under which it has been formed.'' Sir William Scott's decifion in the Caufe between the* Fleet and Army,' whether the latter had a right tofhdre for the Dutch Ships of War taken in Saldanha Bay, Au guft 17, 1796. < " I HAVE now heard the evidence in this cafe, and an , elaborate argument for the army with. much attention; and it may perhaps be convenient for me in this ftage to exprefs the impreffion which the whole, of what I have heard has • made upon my mind, for the purpofe of faving time; as the , great preffiure of bufinefs qn the Court makes it extremely defirable, that we Should employ as little time as poffible on unneceffary difcuflions. I Shall ftill, however, be ready to hear the co'unfel for the fleet, and alfo the reply on the other fide, if the gentlemen Shall think itneceSTary; but at pre fent I muft fay, that no observations that I have heard, nor, any confiderations which I haye been able to give the mat- / ' ' ter> NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 285 tef, have in any degree Shaken the firft impreffiori of my1 A. D. mind on this bufinefs* «799 ", The queftion is, Whether fuch a cafe has been made out, on the part of the army? as will fopport their claim to be confidered as joint captors ? In the firft place,' it is not pretended that it is a cafe which comes within the, provifions ofthe Aa of Parliament which direas the army to fhare, in fome cafes, in conjunction with the fleet ; there are, it is well known, feveral defcriptions of fuch cafes, which I need not now advert to, as it is not pretended, that this cafe comes under any one of them. In the next place, it is not argued,' that this is a cafe of concerted operations : that the army and navy -might have fimilar views is not contested, but whatever was done, was done Separately, and without concert or communication. Thirdly, it cannot be denied, that it lies upon the army to make out a caSe of joint cap ture, and to Shew a co-operation on their part, affifting to produce the Surrender ; for the furrender was made to the fleet alone; poffeffion was taken by the fleet, the army could not take it; therefore the onus probandi lies on them, ¦ toprove that there was an aaual co-operation on theif part ; for it is,- I think, eftablifhed by decided authority, and par ticularly in the Jate cafe of jaggernaickporam, before the Lords of Appeal, that much more is neceffary than a mere being in fight^ to entitle an army to Share jointly with the navy, in the capture of an enemy's fleet. The mere pre tence, or being in fight of different parties of naval force, is, with few exceptions, fufficient to entitle them to be joint captors; becaufe they are always conceived to have that privity of purpofe which may conftitute a community of in terests ; but between land and fea forces, aairig independ- . cntly of each other, and for different purpofes, there can be no fuch privity prefumed ; and therefore to eftablifh a claim Of joint capture between them, there muft be a contribu tion of aaual affiftance,, and'the mere prefence, or being in fight, will not.be fufficient. Fourthly, 1 am Strongly in clined to hold, foat when these is no pre-concert, it muft: be, not a flight Service, nor an affiftance merely rendering -the capture more eafy or convenient, but fome very mate- i rial Service,^ that will be deerned neceffary to entitle an ar my to the benefit of joint, capture; where there is pre-con cert, it is not of fo much confequence that the Service Should be material, becauSe then each party performs the fervice 286 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. fervice that is previoufly affigned to him, and whether thar *799 is important or, not, it is not fo material; the part is per formed, and that is all that was expeaed: but where there is no fuch privity of defign, and where one ofthe par ties is of force eqQal to the work, and does .-not afk affift ance, it is not the interpofing of a flight aid, infignificant perhaps, and not neceffary, that wjll entitle another party to foare. Suppofe an engagement at fea, in which a part ofthe enemy's crews being difpofed to fly to Shore fhould'be prevented from landing by an armed force, and fhould therefore be induced ta furrender with the main fleet; or foppofe this body of armed men on fhore. fhould have pre vented the fleet from obtaining fupplies, two or three days previous to the aaion, thefe would be yery remote fervices, and fuch as would not induce me to pronounce for a joint capture: the fervices which I fhould require, muft be fuch as were direaiy or materially influencing- the capture, fri that the capture could not have been made without fuch affiftance, or at leaft, not certainly, and without • great hazard. It is further expeaed that the evidence by which fuch a claim is fupported fhould be clear and confiftent, be- caufc it lies on thofe fetoing up an intereft of joint capture to makeout their cafe; the.prefumption is on the fide ofthe aaual captor : their evidence therefore muft be fatisfaaory, for if not, or if it is left at all doubtful, it is the duty of the Court to adhere to the intereflrtof the aaual captor. v " Thefe being the principles, let us fee what are the fafts of the prefent cafe, and the amount of the claim grounded upon them. As to pre-concert, that has ,been totally aban doned on the part of the army. That the army did every thing that could be done cannot be made a queftion; on this point I need fay no more than that it was a Britifh' army; as far as fpirit, and courage, and patriotic,. and ¦ gallant exertions of every kind could entitle them to be con fidered as joint captors, their claims would be readily allowed; but this is not the view of the fubjea which the- Court is at liberty to take : the queftion is only, Whether in the fituation in which they were, they did, or could do any thing which can entitle them, under fhe knowmrules of this Court, to be legally confidered as joint captors? It Seems there was a very general expeaatjon at the'Cape.of Good Hope that a Dutch force would foon arrive in thofe Seas,, but as all pre-concert is given up, I do not hold it to be NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 287 be incumbent on me to ftate every meafure that was taken- A.D. by foe naval and military commanders feparately, to reach T799 thofe parts where it was expeaed the Dutch fleet would firft make its appearance ; the only faa alledged on the part - of the army before the arrival of the main body on the 16th, is> that Captain M'.Nabb was ftationed with a. fmall body of not more than forty men near Saldanah Bay;, it is impof- fible that fuch a force could do more than-aa as a party of obfervation; againft the Dutch fleet, confifting of 2500 men, they could effea no other purpofe ; and 1 need only advert to the fmallnefs of their number to fhew, that it was impoffible that they could even prevent the crews from fup- plying themfelves. with water and other provifions from the Shore. " It appears in the evidence of one of the Dutch wit neffes, ' That on his arrival' on the anchorage ground,, he did not perceive any troops polled on the heights, and that it was 'not till noon of the 16th of Auguft," that they were hindered in their watering parties.' With refpea to other Supplies it is faid, that, in one inftance, twenty-five head of cattle being brought down to the Shore by the country peo ple, the' Dutch butchers who had come on Shore to take them off, were Obliged by the appearance of fome<. of thefe troops to leave their work, and goon board: this is the only inftance in which they appear to have met with any in terruption, and on this point what Admiral Lucas fays is decifive; he fays, ' That he was riot prevented by any of our pofts from watering or communicating with the coun try.' " General Craig's own letter is alfo Strong evidence to the fame effea; where he fays, ' The Dutch fleet were nea.r Schappen Ifland watering and fetting their rigging as \ if they meant to flay fome time;' and- with regard to the ¦ force of the troops in the fame letter he fays, ' Kfog> with the light infantry, is pretty clofe to them, but the reft of the troops cannot reach it thefe four days at leaft : I think, if you can anchor below them, it may be a bloodlefs, buMiot lefs glorious aaion:' From thefe reprefentations 1 think it is pretty clear, that there was nothing to interrupt their ¦quiet anchorage in the bay, nor to cut off their communi cation with the country, except in one or two trifling ififtances ; therefore "I cannot aGcede to what has been ad vanced, that material fervice had been performed before the i6xh 288 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. 16th ef Auguft ; prior to that day nothing was done hy trite '799 party, which did, in the moft remote degree, contribute to effedt the capture. Indeed if they had dorfe this fervice in a much more effeaual manner than they had an opportunity of doing, if they had every day prevented, the Dutch from watering, as they did in one inftance drive them from their fupplies of cattle, or if they had be&i able to prevent them from communicating with the- people of the country, I' Should have found it very difficult to fay that fuch fervices as thefe could entitle them to claim as joint captors.. Sup- pofe an enemy's fleet to be in the Downs, and that they fhould be prevented from landing by the garrifon of Dover Cattle ; if they were aftewards compelled to furrender to - our fleet, I Should not hold the garrifon to be in any way en titled to be admitted as joint captors. If that be fo, the whole matter is reduced to the 16th of Auguft, and if the fervices of that day will not be fufficient to fuftain their claims, the preparatory fervices which have been.relied on will, I think, not help them : then ,what was done" on that day ? The preponderance of the evidence feems1 to be with the army in refpea tothetime of their appearance; it is, I think, proved that they were in fight of the, Dutch fquadron fome few hours before our fleet arrived. But what was don.e ? The watering parties withdrew, and nothing more; they retired unmolefted, and the troops had no means of annoyr ing them ; mention is made of a cannonading which took place againft a Dutch frigate that was ftationed nearer to / the Shore for the purpofe of watering : but the nature of this attack feems very doubtful ; fome witneffes fay it did confiderable damage, others Say very little; Some fay the army could have destroyed her," others Say " not without throwing Shells." I own it appears to me very improbable, that it fhould have been in the power of the army to take or difable her, before it would have been fully in her power to Sheer off; however that is not material, as it is admittedthe firing ceafed, leaving the frigate in the poffeffion of the Dutch, and without haying fuftained any material injury. No offenfive operations took place between the army and the Dutch fleet; it is faid indeed in the-evidence of Mr. Fer- gufon, « That as foon as the advanced corps became vifible to the Bellona, She cannonaded them, and that one of the fhot ftruck fome Stands of arms belonging to the corps, and, damaged them; that the corps on gaining the heights re turned NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 289 turned the fire with four light field-pieces, and having A.D. brought up aft howitzer, feveral fhells were thrown at the '79$ veffel ; that having another howitzer ready to be got up, it would, have been in the power of the faid corps to have en tirely deftroyed the frigate, and that, by marching down to the beach, they might have reached every other Ship of the Dutch, fquadron." But I cannot butlook on that as a very doubtful faa, for other witneffes fay, " They could not have .reached them ; as, at any rate, without quitting the Bay, they might have taken another Station at Such a dif tance as to have been in perfea fafety from the army :" I cannot therefore help thinking, that it muft have been a Very unfounded perfuafion that this witneSs has expreffed, of the power which the land forces could have had of annoying the Dutch fleet, and I do not think it is fupported by the gene ral effea of evidence. The whole amount then of the co operation ofthe army on the 16th js, that a watering party of the enemy was compelled to withdraw, and that a few Shots were exchanged between the advanced corps and a Dutch frigate ; this, with the addition of one or two other circumftances which I foall prefen.tly advert to, makes the Whole amount of the fervices which are pretended to have been rendered by the army on the 16th of Auguft. In a few hours the Englifh fleet made its appearance ; and what was then the fituation of the Dutch fleet relative to the two forces Separately ? With refpea- to the army, the army could not take them, nor even annoy them. Relatively to the fleet alone, no one can doubt for a moment but that, 'v from the firft appearance oS the Englifh fleet, the Dutch fquadron was an objea of certain capture or certain de ftruaion ; the utmoft of the argument on that fide is, that the Dutch might have deftroyed their veffels ; there was no hope of efcape, much lefs was there any chance ef-making effeaual refiftance ; an engagement was hopelefs in regard to the foperiority of the Englifh fleet, and in other re/pea's the crews -of the Dutch veffels fhe wed no difpofition to fight, being, in every Ship, more or lefs in a State of mu tiny, as we learn from Admiral Lucas himfelf. " But it is faid, they might have chofen the deftruaion of their Ships, and that the prefence of the army prevented them from reforting to .this expedient, and therefore that they are to be confidered as joint captors. It has been al- . lowed that no fuch cafe of joint capture as the prefent ever Vol. III. U occurred 2Q0 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A. D. occurred'before ; that alone is an unfavorable circumftance, ,/'.99 becaufe the Court would not be difpofed to carry this doc trine farther than it has already gone, unlefs forne, clear principle could be Shewn to warrant the extension. . The principle of terror to fupport this claim muft be, of terror operating not mediately and with remote effea, but direaiy and immediately influencing the capture- I will not fay. that a cafe might not, under poffible circumftances, arife, in which troops on Shore might be allowed to Share in a cap- , ture made in the firft inftance by a fleet. I will put this' cafe : Suppbfe a fleet Should come into a hoftile bay with a defign of capturing an hoftile fleet lying there, and a fleet of tranfports, fhould alSo accidentally arrive with Soldiers on board ; fuppoSe thefe foldiers made good their landing, and gained poffeffion of the hoftile Shore, and by that means Should prevent the enemy from running on fhore, and from landing, and thereby influenced them to furrender; I will not fay that troops in fuch a fituation might not entitle them felves to Share, although foe furrender had been made aau aliy to the fleet. But fuppofe the troops to land on a coaft not hoftile, but on their own coaft, I do not apprehend that the poffeflion of fuch a fhore would draw the fame confe- quences after it: for what difference would it make whe ther there was troops on fhore or not ? The enemy miift know, that in a day or two the landing on a Shore to them hoftile, muft be followed by Sure and certain captivity, whether there was a party of military or not: what, addi-e condemned as a droit of Admiralty. " On the 8th of March 1785, the Lords of Appeal, pronounced fcr the intereft of the King, in his office of admiral ; and that fuch propor- , tibn ofthe prize as would have belonged to the Spitfire, if commiffioned, was liable to cqnfifcation as ,a droit and'perquifite of Admiralty, and condemned the prize ' as taken by the private fhip of war the Provi dence, and the non -commiffioned lhip the Spitfire; and directed the fame to be fhared in proportion accordingly Prefent, Lord Camden, Lord 6raAtlv, • Sir Jofep'h Yorke, Sir Lloyd Kenyon, Mafter of the Rolls. ", A cirenmftance not unworthy of notice in this cafe, though not sffe&ine the judgment* was, that it was ftated on the part of the Spit fire, ' that on the commencement of hoftilities againft the Dutch, the ' owners ofthe Spitfire fitted her out as a private fhip of war, fent her on a cruize againft his Majefty's enemies, and applied for letters of marque; that the Commillioners of the- Admiralty granted a warrant to the Judge ofthe Admiralty to iffue letters of marque and general re- prifal againft the Dutch, to Teffier the mafter ofthe Spitfire; on the 29th of December 1780 ; but by reafon ofthe then great flood of bufi nefs in the Admiralty Court, the letters of marque could not be obtained under feal, till the firft day of January 1781, and that this capture was made on the 3 ift Dec . ' " This was ftated among other points, in the prxjertim of appeal: but the claim ofthe non -commiffioned captor was not allowed. — From. which it appears, that the endeavours ofthe party to obtain his com miffion, 30.2 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. fuffer m the laft war, and the Le Franc,*' have ; beejd l799 , relied upon. I fee no ground on which the analogy can be fupported : the cafes cited were of a different nature ; in both million, aided even by the warrant of the Lords of the Admiraltyibr its paffing, will not be fufficient to veft any intereft. on intermediate captures, till the commiffion is'aftu'ally iflueci. - . *<" The Le Franc, Cafpe mafter. " This was a French Eaft-India fliip taken by feveral veffels, c'orh- pofingpartof a Britifh Eaft-India fleet, 24th June 1793. " Ofthe fhips in queftion, the Glatton, Captain Drummond, had not taken out a letter of marque ; the others were commiffioned as private fhips of war. " On the part of the Glatfon an appearance was given, praying a decifion on the interefts on the queftion of law. The fa'tts being ad mitted .on all fides, ' that fhe was not a commiffioned fhip, and that fhe was materially inftrumental to the capture,' the Proctor of the Ad miralty appeared for the King in his office of'Admiralty, praying that fuch proportion ofthe prize in queftion as would have been condemned to the Glatton, if fhe had been a commiffioned fliip, might be pfoT nounced liable to confifcation to the King in his office of Admiralty, as . a droitahd perquifite' of Admiralty. ' ' " The fentence of -the High Court of Admiralty condemned the prize, as taken by fix private fhips of war, and the Glatton, but con-'. demhed the. Glatton Vfhare as adroit and perquifite of Admiralty, " The fafts,- as to the fituation and, merits of the Glatton, are thus reprefenwd in the words of the cerf ificate of tile commanders of the fix private fhips of war, prefented to the Lords of the Admiralty, annexed to the memorial on fhe part of the Glatton, praying to be rewarded. " We, .the fubfcribed commanders-of the fix duly commiffioned pri vate fhips bf wvar, which with the non -commiffioned fhip Glatton, Charles Drummond commander, captured the French prize Le Franc, do hereby certify,, that at day-light on the 24th of June 1793, the Glatton was from 10 to 15 miles to windwardof our fhips, and atthe. fame time the prize was upon the Glatton' s weather quarter, diftant- about three miles fleering to the northward ; Captain Drummond thsre- upon (fuppofing her to be an enemy) kept trie wind until he found the Glatton could weather her, and then wore, and chafed the, prize until ffie was brought to by the Ceres and fome of the other fhips : And we do, further certify, that had the Glatton not- been to windward,_ it would have been impoffible for the other fhips to have come up with the prize, as when fhe 'had difcovered the fhips to leeward, fhe might have kept to windward and got off, had -fhe not been prevented by Sie Glatton. Witnefs our hands, the 25th pf March 1795.* " In the feme cafe a claim was given for" the Barwcl, and feveral other fhips of this fleet, ftating, ' that they failed as an affociated and confederated fleet", for mutual defenpe, by particular difeftion bf fhe Eaft-India Company; that they- were altogether on the evening of the 13d of June 1793; that during the night' fome of the fhips had fepa rated j that qn the morning ofthe 24th about fix o'clock, the Barwel , perceived one of the faid fhips to the ea'ftward; that the commodore made fignal to fhe Barwel to chafe ; that after chafing three hours, fhe came completely in fight of the faid fhips that had feparated, and when fhe came up with them, &c. fhe found they had taken the prize in , queftion.' ," The claim on the part of thefe Ships' was rejected," NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 303 hoth of them the non-commiffioned Ships chafed animt A.D. capiendix and contributed materially, in the cafe of the Le 1799 Franc, direaiy and immediately, to the aa of capture. In the prefent cafe, thefe Ships approached, it is true, the coaft of the Cape of Good Hope, but with no animus capiendi, ' with no hoftile purpofe entertained by themfelves ; for they were totally ignorant of the objeas of the expedition. It is, moreover, obvious to remark, that all cafes of joint chafing at fea differ fo 'materially from the cafes of conjuna operations at land, that they are with great danger of inac curacy applied to illuflrate each other. In joint chafing at fea, there is the overt aa of purfuing, by which the defign and aaual purpofe of the party may be afcertained ; and much intimidation may be produced: but in cafes of con juna operations at land, it is not the mere intruflon even of a commiffioned Ship, that would entitle parties to Share. The words of the aa of parliament direct, « That in all conjuna expeditions of the navy and army, againft any for- trefs upon the land, direaed by inftruaions from his Ma- , • jefty, the flag, and general officers, and commanders, and other officers, feamen, marines, and foldiers, Shall have fuch proportionable intereft and property, as his Majefty, under his fign manual, Shall think fit to order and direa.' The intereft of the prize is given to the fleet and army, and it would not be the mere voluntary interpofition of a privateer that would entitle her to fhare. It would be a very inconvenient doarine, that private Ships of war, by •watching an opportunity, and intruding themfelves into an expedition, which the public authority had in no degree committed to them, Should be at liberty to Say, ' we will co-operate;' and thatthey fhould be permitted to derive an intereft from fuch a fpontaneous aa, to the difadvantage of thofe to whom the fervice was originally entrufled. Expe ditions of this kind, defigned by the immediate authority of the ftate, belong exclufively to its own inftruments, whom . it has fefeaed for the purpofe ; and it might be attended with very grave obflruaions to the public fervice of the country, if private individuals could intrude themfelves into fuch un dertakings, uninvited and under colour of their letter of marque. I think, therefore, -that the cafes of chafing at fea, and of conjuna operations at Jand, Stand on different, principles ; and that there is little analogy, which can make them clearly applicable to each other. It is next faid, that they 304 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. they. were direaed to hoifl pendants; and that it was the J?99 opinion of a very high military* officer, in. a former cafe, that the permiffion to wear the pendant did' give the cha raaer of a king's Ship: but the decifion, in the very cafe in which that opinion was offered, (in the capture of Ne- gapatam), held, that a Ship, which in that cafe had worn a pendant, was not to be confidered in a military charaaer, but as a tranfport; the mere circumftance therefore, that thefe fhips, which were large Ships, and had before carried pendants, and hadi taken them down only out of refpea to the king's Ships, and were defired to hoifl them again, I cannot hold to be a fufficient proof, that they were by that aa taken and adopted into the military charaaer ; I can attribute no fuch effea to a mere aa of civility and conde- fcenfion. v - " In the next place, it is argued, that thefe fhip$ were aaualiy employed in military fervice, although there is no fuch averment in the plea. . It comes out iri evidence only, (by which I muft obferve the other party is deprived ofthe •opportunity of counterpleading) >, that their boats were em ployed in carrying provifions, and military ftores on Shore : , that was a fervice certainly, but not a fervice beyond the common extent of tranfport duty. They landed them,, pro- tably at the fame time with the troops for whofe ufe they were intended; and if not at the fame time, ftill it is no more than what they were bound to' do with the ftores and provifions they carried. " It is likewife faid, that they received military orders; and if that faa was Sufficiently proved, it might be material ; but it is obfervabfe, that not a fingle order is pleaded in the allegation, except in, refpea to' the Bombay Caftle : that veffel, it appears, was fent under military orders to create a diverfion ; and I think I do not give too much to that fhip, when I fay, that this circumftance was fufficient to cloath her with a military charaaer, being engaged in a military employment and expofed to danger: but it is argued, that .becaufe orders were given to man this Ship by detachments from the reft, thr.t it will make the whole Sleet entitled- to be , i ¦ ¦ _ * " The Advocate ofthe Admiralty had faid, during the caufe, that jn the cafe qfNegapatam, he had waited on Lord Ho6d. and had re ceived his Lordfhip's authority toftateit, as his opinion, « That'the permiffion of the admiral of the fleet to merchant veffels to wear pen dants, was confidered as an aft, adopting them into the King's fervice,- fOthat.occafion;'* a ° confidered NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 305 confidered as aaing likewife in a military capacity. Taking A. D. it upon the argument, that this was done by orders direaiy l799 from Lord Keith, I cannot think it would have that effea ; for in they firft place, can it be denied, that a commander-in chief might exercife a power of impreffing a number of their crews, without giving to thofe Ships any thing of a military charaaer ? It is within the power of commander's on mari time expeditions, toprefs perfons of that defcription toaffift in any particular fervice, in fuch a cafe of public emer gency. But no fuch orders are pleaded, nor by any means proved to have been given: the communication was carried on between Lord Keith and one particular perfon, Captain Rees, in the fame manner as it would have been done, if they had been mere tranfport-veffels ; and the only order mentioned was, that the crew of the Bombay Caftle (hould be increafed. " The next military orders that are relied on, are thofe for a draft of twenty men from each Ship, for the purpofe of , drawing the artillery, &c. and I think the' fame obfervation would apply to thefe alfo ; for I have nohefitation in faying, that in a remote expedition like this, the commanders of his Majefty's forces have a right to call into their fervice, for fuch purpofe, the affiftance of Britifh mariners; and I hope, > and truft, the time will never come, when Britifh mariners will think that they are called beyond the line of their duty, when they receive an order to that effea. The faa is, that it was done rather by invitation, as a better, mode of doing it, and the words of Captain-Rees's depofition defcribe it, as an addrefs for volunteers, rather than as an exercife of authbrity and command. Thefe are the whole military fervices, with the exception of thofe indefinite fervices, on - which much argument has been beftowed ; I mean thofe referred to in Lord Keith's letter; in which Lord Keith - acknowledges that thefe tranfports had' contributed to the furrender. In the firft place, a letter of that kind, written in the moment of viaory, Should not be too ftriaiy inter preted as conveying any opinion of the writer, , on the mi nute parts of the tranfaaion : taking it, however, to be as argued, that it does Shew his Sentiments at that moment on the matter ; it is by no means conclufive upon the queftion. It might be erroneous in faa ; much lefs can it be confidered as conclufive in point of law — Lord Keith is not the only party: on the fa^Sj it is not conclufive againft others ; Vol. III. ' X -and 306 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A-f>- and on the law, it is not conclufive againft himfelf;' for \f 1799 he' fhould be found to be miftaken, as to the legal. effea of Such fervices, who would fay that he would be concluded by this admiffion. However, looking at the letter carefully, I do not fee that Lord Keith might not have written juft in the fame manner to a fleet of tranfports doing their duty with alacrity and zeal, as a general' expreffion of thanks for the performances of thofe fervices, in' which they had been re- foeaively employed. " Upon the whole of thefe faas, I feel myfelf obliged to pronounce, that it has not been fhewn that thefe Ships Sec out in an original military charaaer ; or that- any military charaaer has been Subsequently impreffed upon them by the nature and courfe of their employment; and therefore, how ever meritorious their fervices may have been, and however- entitled they may be to the gratitude of their country, it Will not entitle them to Share in this valuable capture." MEDITERRANEAN.* On the 6th of February, the Argo, of 44 guns, com manded by Captain James Bowen, being on a cruife off the coaft of Catalonia, in company with the Leviathan, dif covered two large Spanifh frigates at anchor "near a forti- , fied tower on the South point of the Bahia d'Alcude; who immediately upon perceiving the Britifh Ships cut their cables, and made fail to the fNf. N.E. ; chace was inftantly . given, under all the canvas the Ships could bear; it blowing . at this time a Strong gale, the Leviathan unfortunately car ried away her' main-top-fail yard, by which accident She dropped fo much a-ftern as to be foon out of fight of. the Argo.^ The Spaniards at the clofe of trie-day feparated s ' Captain Bowen, however, by judicious management and Skilful manoeuvres, kept fight of one ofthe frigates, which at midnight he got alongfide of; the Leviathan at the fame timt\ coming up, She furrenderel after the firft broadfide* and proved to be the .Santa Therefa, commanded by Don Pablo Perez, mounting 42 guns, and manned with' 280 feamen and marines, befides 25.0 foldiers. The frigate which made her efcape, was the Proferpine of the fame force. * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 384. / On NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 507 . On the 16th of February Captain John Markham, in the AD. Centaur, with the Leviathan, Argo, and Cormorant, at- '799 tacked the town of Combrelles; the Spaniards being driven from the batteries, the boats of the fquadron were Sent in under the command of Lieutenant Groffet, who dismounted the guns, burnt five fettees, and took three others, with. two tartans laden with wine. On the 22d of February, L'Efpoir floop of war, Captain James Sanders, being off the town of Morbello, came up with two Spanifh armed xebecs, one of which, after a Sharp conteft of an hour and fifty minutes, was carried by boarding. She proved to be the Africa, of 14 long four pounders, and 4 brafs four pound fwivels, 75 feamen, and 38 foldiers, commanded by Jofepho Subjado, who, with two officers and 25 feamens were wounded; one officer and eight feamen killed;. L'Efpoir had two feamen killed, and two wounded. On the ift of March the ifland of Corfu furrendered to the Ruffian and Turkifh forces. His Majefty's late fhip the Leander was amongft the veffels captured in, the har bour. The Emperor of Ruflia, as a compliment to the King of Great Britain, ordered her to be reflored; She, was accordingly delivered up to thexommander in chief in the Mediterranean. • 1 The following letters paffed between Captain Thomas Trowbridge, who was entrufted by Rear Admiral Lord NelSon with the command of a fmall fquadron on the- coaft of Naples, and the French General Macdonald. " Culloden, at anchor off the Ifle of Procida, " April 5, 179/9. " To his Excellency General MacdonaId. " Sir, " Having learnt that the French corfair, Le Champio- net, a prize belonging to one of his Majefty's fhips under my command, has been driven by-bad weather into the port of.Caftell al Mare; and having during' the laft five months releafed hear 4000 French prifoners, I truft' that your Ex cellency will fet at liberty the midfhipman, and feven Eng lifh failors whom you now have in your power ; I muft alfo inform your Excellency, that on the 1 oth I fent from > Palermo for Nice, a; 'cartel, with 300 French prifoners on board, X 2 - « It 308 NAVA.L, CHRONOLOGY. A.D. " It is with real concern, I learn, that the property of 1799 our minifter, Sir William Hamilton, is detained in his houfe at Naples. You, Sir, as an officer and a Soldier, Should know that the effeas of ambaffadors have never-been confidered as the fruits of viaory; and I am confident, that what has taken place, muft have been done without your knowledge. A minifter is forced to follow the court to which he is fent. . I requeft you to remember, what was the condua which was purfued towards your Conful and, your merchants at Leghorn, when we took poffeffion of that port in November laft. " I muft alfo inform you, that' I took off the heights of Alexandria, one Monfieur Beauchamp, dreffed as a Turk, on his road to Conftantinople, as a fpy, with fecret in-' flruaions, and having about him near 600I. fterling con cealed in his clothes, which I returned him, conceiving it to be the duty of every officer to mitigate the fcourge of war, which Should be made to fall as lightly as poffible ori individuals, and to treat his prifoners with every kindnefs in his power. I fhould be happy if I could fay that our officers, foldiers, and failors had been treated in that man-' ner by the Direaory. I hope, Sir, after this explanation, that you will make no difficulty in reftoring the above mid shipman and failo/s to the officer who brings this letter,. and that you will releafe all the Englifh in your po,wer. I will take care to keep a lift of them, and the officer will ,g)ve you a receipt for fuch men as you Shall fend me. " I have the honour to be, with high confideration, " Your very humble, and very obedient Servant, T. Trowbridge." , Reply of General Macdonald. « Sir, " The crew of the fmall veffel driven by bad wea ther into Caftell al Mare, are at prefent performing qua rantine;' but as foon as the officer of health Shall have de clared that there is no danger in a communication with them, I will give the neceffary orders for fending them on board. " The officer whom you have fent, may convince him felf that your minifter left nothing behind him here, but the bare walls of his houfe. Such at leaft is the ftate in 1 which NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 30$ which it was found at the time of the conqueft of Naples. A.D. You, Sir, who fo well underftand^ the law* of nations, 1 799 fhould remind the ex-king of Naples of it, who at this moment keeps in chains, without reafon, and without mo tive, the vice conful of the French republic. " I beg you will be perfuaded, Sir, that your prifoners have been treated with all the care, and all the attention that misfortune can claim, and humanity bellow. I fhould be glad if I could fay the fame of the agents of your ge- vernment, and of you in particular. " I am with confideration, &c. " Macdonald." , r ¦ Events which occurred in Egypt. The naval occurrences which happened on the coaft of Egypt and Syria, are extremely interefting ; it will there fore be neceffary, frequently to infert the letters of Cap tain Sir William Sidney Smith, who commanded foe Bri tifh forces ; in order to illuftrate clearly, the heroic exploits of that gallant and indefatigable officer, together with thofe employed under' his immediate command, during one,of the moft arduous and hazardous enterprifes ever recorded. The firft of thefe bold atchievements, was his defeat of the French army, before St. Jean d'Acre, of which he gives the following account in his letter to'Earl St. Vincent. Tigre, off St.. John d' Acre, 2^d March, 1799. « My Lord, ,c I have the honour to inform you, that in confe quence pf intelligence from Gezar Pacha, governor of Sy ria, ofthe incurfions of General Bonaparte's army into that province, and its approach to its capital, Acre, I haftened with a portion of the naval farce under my orders to its relief, and had the fatisfaaion to arrive there two days- be fore the enemy made its appearance. " Much was done in this interval, under the direction of Captain Miller, ' of the Thefeus, and Colonel Philipeaux, towards putting the place in a better ftate of defence, to refill the attack of an European army ;. and the prefence X 3 of 310 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A-D. 0f a Britifh naval force appeared to encourage, and fo de- *799 cidethe Pacha and his troops to make a vigorous refiftance. " The enemy's advanced guard was" difcovered at the foot of- Mount Carmel, ii\ foe night of the 17th, by fo? Tigr'e's guard-boats,; thefe troops not expeaing to find a naval force of any defcription in Syria, took up their ground clofe to the water fide, and were confequently ex- pofed to the fire of grape foot from the boats, which pu$ them to the route the inftant it opened upon themi and, obliged them to retire precipitately up the fide of the mount. The main body of the army finding the road between the fea and mount Carmel thus expofed, came in by that ' of Nazareth, and inverted the town of Acre to the eaft, ¦ but not without being much' harraffed by the Samaritan Arabs, who are even more inimical to the French than the Egyptians, and better armed. As the enemy returned our fire by mufquetry only, it was evident they had not brought cannon with them, which were therefore to, be expea^ ed by fea, and meafures were taken accordingly for in tercepting them; the Thefeus was already detached off Jaffa (Joppa). The enemy's flotilla, which came in from fea, fell in with and captured the Torride, and was coming round Mount Carmel, when it was difcovered from the Tigre, confiftihg of a'corvette and nine fail of gun veffels, on feeing us, they inftantly hauled oft. The alacrity of the fhip's company in making Sail after them, was highly praifeworthy ; our guns foon reached them, and feven as per inclofed lift ftruck; the corvette, containing Bdnaparte's private property, and two Small Veffels efcaped, fince it became an objea to fecure the prizes without chafing fur ther ; their cargoes confifting of the battering train of artil lery, ammunition, platforms, &c. deflined for the fiege of Acre, being much wanted for its defence. The prizes were accordingly anchored off the town, manned from the fhips, and immediately employed in harraffing the enemy's pofts, impeding his approaches, and covering the fhips boats font further in Shore fo cut off his Supplies of provifions conveyed coaftways. They have been conftantly occupied in thefe fervices for thefe five days and nights paft ; and fuch has been the zeal of the crews, that they requefted not to be relieved, after, many hours fucceffive labour at the gun's and oars-. I am very forry to fay, that we met with fome lofs, as per inclofed lift, which however; is NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. oil h balanced by greater on the part of the enemy, by the A.D. encouragement given to the Turkifo troops from our ex- J799 ample, and by the time that is gained for the arrival of a fufficient force to render Bonaparte's whole projea abor tive. I have had reafon to be perfeftly fatisfied with the gallantry and perfeverance of lieutenants Bufhby, Inglefield, Knight, Stokes, and lieutenant Burton of the marines, and t,i tbe petty officers and men under their orders. •' I have the honour be, &c. " W. Sidney Smith." Lift ofthe Gun Veffels compofing the. French Flotilla, bound from Alexandria, and Damietta, to St. John cC Acre, taken off Cape Carmel, by his Majefty's Ship Tigre, l8th March, 1799." La Nigreffe of 6 guns, and 53 men. La Tendre of 8 guns, and 52 men. La Dangereufe of 6 guns, and 23 men. La Maria Rofe, of 4 gnns, and 23 men. La Dame de Grace/ of 4 guns and 35 men. Les Deux Freres, of 4 guns, and 23 men. La Torride, retaken, of 2 guns, and 30 men. , Total, '7 gun-boats, 34 guns, and 230 men, w Thefe gun -boats were loaded, befides their own complement, with battering, cannon, ammunition, and every kind of frige equipage, for Bonaparte's army before Acre." " W. Sjdkey Smith." N. B. The Marianne gun-boat was taken previoufly, and the tranfpOrt, No. I. fobfequently by. the Tigre. Return of the killed and wounded in the boats'/of his Majefty's fhips, Tigre and Thefeus, and in the gun veffels employed againft the French army before Acre, from the 17th to the 23d of March, 17991 Tigre .'Mr. Arthur Lambart, Mr. John Goodman, and Mr. John Gell, midfhipmen, and 8 feamen killed ; $o feamen wounded, of which 8 are among the 20 pri- Joners. •X 4 Thefeus 312 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D.' Thefeus — Mr. JohnCarra, midfhipman, killed; John, ^799 Waters, midfhipman, and 6 feamen wounded. • Total — Four midfhipmen and 8 feamen killed; and r midfhipman and 26 feamen wounded. " W. S. Smith/1 «' On, board his Majefty's fhip Tigre, before Acre, , , v March 23, 1)99. N/B. The officers, petty officers, 3nd feamen employed; in this fervice were volunteers. The dead bodies of Mr, ' Gell, and Peter M'Kircher, feaman, which fell into the hands ofthe enemy, were buried by them with the honour?1 of war. The check which the French army had met with, and the lofs of their heavy cannon and flores, made Bonaparte draw back his out-pofts, and encamp his army on an info-, lated height, which borders the fea at about a mile diftance. After taking poffeffion of Saffet, Nazareth, and Scheffam, in order to clear the paffes on the road to Damafcus ; Bo naparte reconnoitred St. Jean dAcre more accurately with his officers of artillery and engineers, Domantin and Caf- farelli, and determined to attapk the front on the. eaft ofthe town. On the 20th of March, the trench was opened, at 900 feet from the place. The French pufhed their , works at firft withfo much aaivity, that the ninth day after the opening of the trench, theyvhad 12 pieces of cannon and 4 mortars mounted, and played with fuch effea as to pierce the tower, while a branch of the mine had been pufhed on to blow up the counterfcarp. The mine was Sprung, but it only made a hole in the g'acis ; the French thought the counterfcarp injured. The ditch which had' been badly reconnoitred, had appeared but of little depth; the ardour ofthe grenadiers, and the contempt with which. the taking of Jaffa had infpired them for this kind of for tification, did not fuffer them to hefitate. Inftead, how ever, of finding every obstacle fmoothed and levelled, they , were Stopped by a ditch of fifteen feet, of which Scarcely half was filled up by the mbbifh of the breach :' they ' plunged into it, placed ladders, climbed the breach, but - found themfelves feparated by the counterfcarp from the troops which were to fupport them. Mailfey, Lefcafles> and Langier, the officers who headed the attack under a moft dreadful fire perifhed. The Turks, who had aban doned NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 313 doned the tower, re-entered it, and the French retreated A.D. to their trenches, During this time the fhips under Sir '799 Sidney Smith had been forced to fea in a heavy gale, ex cepting the Alliance and Prize gun-boats, which fortunately rode out the llorm, On his return he found that Captain Wilmot had been indefatigable, in mounting the prize guns under the direaion'of Colonel Philipeaux, an able officer of engineers, and that the fire therefrom had flack- ened that of the enemy; as_there was much to be appre hended from the effea of the mine which led under the counterfcarp, a fortie was determined on, in which the feamen v and marines were to force their way into it, while the Turkifh troops attacked the enemy's trenches on the right .and left. The fally took place juft before day-light, on the morning of the 9th of April ¦ the impetuofity and noife of the Turks rendered the attempt to forprize the enemy abortive, though in other refpeas they difplayed great valour. Lieutenant Wright of the Tigre, who commanded the feamen pioneers, notwithstanding he re ceived two foots in his right arrnj as he advanced, entered the mine with the pikemen, and proceeded to the bottom of it,- where he verified its direaion, and deftroyed all that he could in its then ftate, by pulling down the Supporters'. Major Douglas of tfie marines, to whom Sir Sidney Smith had given the neceffary rank of colonel, to enable to command the Turkifh officers of that rank, fupported the feamen in this defperate fervice with great v gallantry, under the increa fed fire of the enemy, bringing off Lieutenant Wright who had fcarcely ftrength left to get out of the enemy's trench, from which they were not diflodged; with Mr- Janverin, midfhipman, and the reft of the wounded. The only officer who was killed on this occafion, was Major Oldfield, of the marines', an officer of diftinguifhed merit. Sir Sidney Smith fays in his letter, dated the id of May, to Earl St. Vincent. The enemy continue to make the moft vigorous efforts to overcome our refiftance in the defence of this place (Acre). The garrifon has made oc casional forties, proteaed by our fmall boats on their flank with field pieces, in which the moft effehtial fervice has been ' performed by Lieutenant Brodie, and Mr. AtkinSon of the Thefeus, and Mr. Ives, mafter of the Tigre, who commanded thein. Yefterday, the enemy, after many hours heavy cannonade from thirty pieces of artillery brought \ . from 314 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. from Jaffa, made a fourth attempt to mount the breach 1799 now much widened ; but were repulSed with loSs. The Tigre moored on one fide, and the Thefeus on the other, flank the town walls ; the gun-boats, launches, and other rowing boats, continue to flank the enemy's trenches to - their great annoyance. Nothing but defperation can in, duce them to make the fort of attempts they do, to mount a breach, praaicable only by means of foaling ladders, tinder fuch a fire as we pour in upon them ; and it' is im-, poffible to fee the lives even of our enemies thus facrificed, and fo much bravery mifapplied without regret. Our lofs i«. as per laft .enclofed, and we have therein to lament fome of the braveft and beft among us. Captain Wilmot was fhot on the 8th ultimo, by a rifleman, as he was mounting an howitzer on the breach ; the lofs is feverely felt. We have run out a ravelin on each fide of the enemy's neareft. approach, in which the, marines ofthe Tigre and Thefeus have worked under a heavy and inceffant fire from the enemy, in ,a way that commands the admiration and gra titude of the Turks, as it is evident the flanking fire pro duced from them contributed much to fave.the place yef>. terday. Colonel Philipeaux of the engineers, who pro-> jeaed.and fuperintended the execution, has fallen a facrU fice to his zeal for this fervice ; want of reft, and expofure to the fun having given him a fever, of which he died this rooming ; our grief for this lofs is exceflive on every ac count. Colonel Douglas fupplies his place, having hi-> therto carried on the work under his direction, and is inde fatigable in completing it for the reception of cannon. I muft not omit to mention," to the credit of the Turks, that they fetch the gabions, fafcines, and thofe materials which the garrifon does not afford, from the face of the enemy's works, fetting fire to what they cannot bring away. The enemy repair in one night all the mifchief we do them in the day, and continue within half piftol foot of the walls in fpite of the conflant fire kept up from the ram parts under the direaion of Lieutenant Knight. Return of the killed and wounded belonging to his Ma-, jelly's fhips Tigre, Thefeus and Alliance, , at the forlie from the town of Acre, againft the French befieging that town on the 9th of April, 1799. j Tigre— Lieutenant Wright, Mr. Janverin midfhipman, and 1 1 men wounded. Thefeus NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. • 315 Thefeus— Major Oldfield, and 2 marines killed ; Lfeu- A.D. tenant.Beaty of marines, Mr. James, M. B. Forbes, mid- 1799 fhipmen (flightly); iTerjeant and 4 marines , wounded. Alliance— One feaman and two marines wounded. Total — One major and 2 marines killed ; 1 lieutenant of marines, 2 midfhipmen, 1 ferjeant, 6 marines^ and 12 feamen wounded. Return of cafualties, killed and wounded, belonging to. his Majefty's fhips Tigre, Thefeus, and Alliance, hetween the 8th of April, 1799, and the 2d of May following, employed in the defence of Acre. Tigre — Mr. Edward Morris, midfhipman, and 3 feamen killed ; lieutenant Knight and 7 feamen wounded. Thefeus — One feaman killed, 1 marine wounded. Alliance — Captain Wilmot, killed by a rifle foot as he was mounting a howitzer on the breach^ Total — One captain, 1 midfhipman, and 4 Seamen killed; 1 lieutenant, 7 Seamen, and 1 marine wounded. About the firft of May, Bonaparte was ftrengthened by the arrival of fome pieces of battering artillery ; three 24 pounders brought by the frigates under Vice Admiral Peree to ^Jaffa, and fix 18 pounders fent from Damietta; thefe pieces were immediately planted againft the town, .and the fiege was carried on with redoubled vigour — at this period the French met with a great lofs in General Caffarelli, one of their principal engineers, who died of the wounds he had received a few days before. The fubfequent events which happened during the re mainder of the fiege, until the raifing^of it, are moft clearly and emphatically related in the following letters from Sir Sidney Smith, to Rear Admiral" Lord Nelfon. Tigre, Acre, May gth, 1799. " My Lord, " I had the honour to inform your lordfhip, by my letter of the 2d inftant, that we were bufily employed in completing two ravelins for the reception of cannon, to flank the enemy's neareft approaches, diftant only ten yards from them. They were attacked that very night, and alfo every night fince; but the enemy have each time been re- 1 pulfed with very confiderable lofs. The enemy continued to batter in breach with progreffive fuccefs, and have nine feveral times attempted to Storm, but have as often been beaten 316 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. beatenback with immenfeflaughter. Our beft mode of defence 's*' has been' frequent forties, to keep them on the defenSive, and impede the progrefs of their covering works, We have thus been in one continual battle ever fince the be- ( ginning of the fiege, interrupted only at fhort intervals by the exceffive fatigue of every individual on both fides. We ' have been long anxioufly looking for a reinforcement, without which we could not expea to be able to keep the place fo Jong as we have. The delay in its arrival being occasioned by Haffan Bey's^having originally, received or ders to join me in Egypt ; I was obliged to be very pe remptory in the repetition of my orders for him to join me here ; it was not, however, till the evening ofthe day be fore yefterday, the 51ft day ofthe fiege, that his fleet of .. corvettes and tranfports made its appearance. . ,The ap- ' proach of this additional ftrer/gth was the fignal to Bona parte, for a moft vigorous and perfevering affault, in hopes to get poffeffion of. the town before the reinforcement , to the garrifon coulddifembark. " The cdnftant fire of the befiegers was Suddenly- in creafed tenfold; ourjlanking fire from afloat, was as ufuat plied to the utmoft, but with fefs effea then heretofore^ as fhe enemy had thrown up epaulements, and traverfes of fufficient thicknefs to protea him from it. The guns that > could be worked to the greateft advantage, were a French brafs 18 pounder, in the light-houfe caflle, manned from the Thefeus, under the direaion of Mr. Scroder,' matter's mate; and the laft mounted 24 pounder in the north ravelin manned from the Tigre, under the direaion of Mr. Jones, midfhipman. Thefe guns being within grape diftance of the head ofthe attacking column, added to the Turkifh mufquetry, did great execution ; and I. take this opportu- / nity of recommending thefe two petty officers, whofe indefa tigable vigilance and zeal, merit my warmeft praife. The Tigre's two 68 pound carrqnades, mounted in. two germes , lyingin the mole, and worked under the direaion of Mr. Bray, carpenter of the Tigre, (one of the braved and moft intelligent men I ever ferved with) threw fhells into the center of this column with evident effea, arid checked it confiderabiy. Still, however, the enemy gained ground, , and made a lodgement in the fecond, flory ofthe north eaft tower; the upper part being entirely battered down, and the ruins in the ditch forming the afcent by which , ' * they NAVAL CHRONOLOGY; 317 they mounted. Day-light fhewed us the French Standard A.D. on the outer angle of the tower. The fire ofthe befieged '799 was much flackened, in comparifon to that of the be- fiegers, and our flanking fire was become of lefs effea, the enemy having covered themfelves in this lodgment, and the approach to if, by two traverfes acrofs the ditch ; which they had conftruaed under the fire that had been oppofed to them during the whole night, and which were nowfeen eompofed of fand bags, and the bodies of their dead built in with them, their bayonets being only vifible above them. Haffan's Bey's troops were in the boats, though as yet but half way in Shore. This wa's a moft critical point of the contefl ; an effort was neceffary to preferve the place for a fhort time till their arrival. - " I accordingly landed the boats at the Mole, and took the crews up to the breach, armed with pikesi The en- fufiaitic gratitude of the Turks,' men, women, and chil dren, at the fight of fuch a reinforcement, at fuch a time, is not to be defcribed. " Many fugitives returned with us to the breach, which we found defended by a few brave Turks, whofe mofi deftruajve miffile weapons, were heavy ftones, which, , ftriking the affailants on' the head, overthrew the foremofl: down the flop'e, and-impeded the progrefs of the reft. A fucceffion, however, afcended to the affault, the heap of ruins between the, two parties, ferving as a breaft work for both; the muzzles of their muflcets -touching, and the fpear heads of the Standards locked. Ghezzar Pacha hearing the Englifh were on the breach,_quitted his fta^ tiOn, where, according to the ancient Turkifh cuftoin, he was Sitting to reward Such as Should bring him the heads of the enemy, and distributing mufket cartridges, with his • own hands. The energetic old man coming behind us, pulled, us down with violence; Saying, if any harm hap pened to his Englifh friends, all was loft. This amicable contefl, as to who fhould defend the breach, occafioned a •rufh of Turks to the fpot;, and thus time was gained for the arrival of the firft body of Haffan Bey's troops. I had now to combat the Pacha's repugnance to admitting any troops but his Albanians into the garden of his fera- . glio, become a very' important poft, as occupying the terre- . plein of the rampart. There was not above 200 of the original iqoo Albanians left alive. This was no time for 318' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. for debate, and I over-ruled his objeftioris by introducing 1.799 the Chifflic regiment of iooo men, armed with bayonets, difciplined , after the European method, under Sultan Se- lim's own eye, and placed by his imperial Majefty's ex prefs commands at my difpofal. The garrifon" animated by the appearance of fuch a reinforcement, was now all on foot ; and there being confequenlly enough to defend the breach, I propofed to the Pacha, lo ge.trid of the objea of his jealoufy, by opening the gates, to let them fally, and take the affailants in-flank} he readily complied, and I gave direaions^o the colonel to get poffeffion ofthe enemy's third parallel, or neareft trench, and there fortify himfelf by Shifting the parapet outwards. This order being clearly underftood, the gates were opened, and the Turks rufoed out; but they were not equal to fuch a movement, and were driven back to the town with lofs. Mr. Bray, however, as ufual, proteaed the town gates- efficacioufly with gra,pe from the 68 pounders. The fortie had this good effea, that it obliged the enemy- to expofe themfelves above their parapets, So that our flanking fire brought down numbers of them, and drew their force from the breach, fo that the fmall number remaining on the lodgment were killed, or difperfed by our few remain ing hand grenades thrown by Mr. Sr.vage midfhipman, of the Thefeus. The enemy began a new. breach, by an inceffant fire direfted to the Southward of the lodgment^ every foot knocking down whole fheets of wall much lefs folid than that of the tower, on which they had expended fo much time and ammunition. M The group of generals and aids-de-camp which the fhells from the 68 pounders had frequently difperfed, was now af- fembled on Richard Cosur de Lion's Mount. Bonaparte was'diftinguifoable in the center ofafemi-cifcre; hisgefticu-* lations indicated a renewal of attack, and his difpatching an aid-de-camp to trie camp, Shewed that he waited only for a reinforcement. I gave direaions, for'Haffan Bey's , fhips to take their Station in fooal water to the.fouthward'r and made the Tigre's Signal to weigh and join the TheSeus to the northward. A little before fun-fet, a mafTive co lumn appeared advancing to the breach with a fofemn ftep. The Pacha's idea was not to defend the brink at this time, but rather ^o let a certain number of theenerny in, and. then clofe with them, according to the Turkifh mode of NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 3 1 9 of war. The column thus mounted the breach urimolefted, A. D. arid defcehded from the rampart into the Pacha's garden, '799 where in a very few minutes the braved and moft advanced among them lay headlefs corpSes ; the fabre, with theaddi- tion of a dagger in the other hand, proving more than a match for the bayonet ; the reft retreated precipitately ; and the commanding officer who was feen manfully encou raging his men to mount the breach, and who we have fince learnt to be General LaSne, was carried off, wounded by a mufket fhot. General Rombaud was killed. Much confufion arofe in the town from the aaual entry ofthe enemy, it haying been impoffible, nay impolitic, to give previous information to every body ofthe mode of defence adopted, left the enemy fhould come to a knowledge of it by means of their numerous emiflaries. " The Englifh uniform, which had hitherto ferved as a rallying point for the old garrifon, wherever it appeared, Was how in the dufk miftaken for French, the newly ar rived Turks not diftinguifhing between one hat and another in the croud, and thus many a fevere blow of a fabre was parried by our officers, among which Colonel Douglas, Mr. Ives, and Mr. Jones, had nearly loft their lives, as they were forcing their way through a torrent of fugitives. Calm was reftored by the Pacha's exertions, aided by Mr; Trotte, juft arrived with Haffan Bey ; and thus the contefl of twenty-five hours ended, hoth parties being fo fatigued as to be unable to move. " Bonaparte will, no doubt, renew the attack, the breach being, as above defcribed, perfeaiy praaicable for fitly men a-breaft; indeed the town is not, nor ever has been defenfible according to the mips of art, but according to every other rule ir muft arid fhall be defended ; not that it is in itfelf worth defending, but we feel that it is by this breach Bonapaite means to march to farther conquefls. 'Tis on the iffue of this conflia that depends the opinion of the' multitude of fpeaators on the furrounding hills, who wait only to fee how it ends to join the viaors ; and with fuch a reinforcement for the execution of his known pro- jeas,- Constantinople, and even Vienna, muft feel the Shock. " Be allured, my.Lord, the magnitude of our obligations does but eiicreafe the energy of our* efforts in the attempt to difcharge our duty ; and though we may, and probably fhall be g20 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. be overpowered, I canventure to fay that the French arrfly 1799 will befo much farther weakened before it prevails, as to be.;, little able to profit by its dear bought viaory; " I have the honour to be, &c. " W. Sidney Smith. **, Rear Admiral Lord Nelson." The following is the account which Sir Sidney Smith gives of the progrefs of the fiege to the railing of it, in his Letter to Lord Nelfon. "'.Tigre, at anchor off Jaffat " May 30, 1799. •¦ My Lprd, , [ " The providence of Almighty God has been wonder fully manifefted in the defeat and precipitate retreat ofthe French army; the means1 we had of oppofing its gigantic efforts againft us, being totally inadequate of themfelves to theproduaion of fuch a refult. The meafure of their ini quities feems to have been filled by themaffacre of the . Turkifh prifoners at Jaffa, in cool blood, three days after their capture ;"• and the plain of Nazareth has been the boundary of Bonaparte's extraordinary career, " He raifed the fiege of Acre on the 20th of May, leav- , , ing all his heavy artillery behind him, either buried Or thrown into the fea, where, however* it is vifible, andean eafily be weighed. The circumftances which led to this event, fubfequent to my laft difpatch of the gth inftant, are as follow : " Conceiving that the ideas ofthe Syrians as' to the fuppofed irrefiftible prowefs of thefe invaders, mull be changed* fince they had witneffed the checks -which the befieging army daily met with in their operations before the town of Acre, I wrote a circular letter to the princes and chiefs ofthe Christians of Mount Lebanon, and alfo to the Sheiks of fhe Drufes, recalling them to a fenfe of their duty, and engaging them to cut off the fupplies from the French camp. I fent them at trie fame time a copy of • Buonaparte's impious proclamation, in which he boafts of having overthrown all Chriftian eftablifhments, accompa nied by a Suitable exhortation, -calling upon them to choofe between the friendfhip of a Chriftian Knight, and that of an, unprincipled renegado. This letter had all the effea I could defire: they immediately-fent me twoambaffadors, profeflirg NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. '331 profeffing not only, friendship, but obedience; alluring me, A-D. that in proof of the latter, they had fent out parties to ar- %799 reft fuch of the mountaineers as fhould be found carrying wine and gunpowder to the French campj and placing eighty prifoners of this defcription at my difpofal". 1 had thus the fatisfaaion to find Bonaparte's career further northward effeaual.ly flopped by a warlike people inhabit ing an impenetrable country. General Kleber's divifion had been fent eaftward towards the Fords of the Jordan, to oppofe the Damafcus acmy ; it was recalled from' thence to take its turn in the daily efforts to mount the breach at Acre, in which every other divifion in fucceffion had failed, with the lofs of their braveft men, and three fourths of their officers. It feems much was hoped by this divifion, as "it had by its firmnefs, and the Steady front it oppofed, in the form of a hollow fquare, kept upwards of ten thoufand men in check during a whole day in the plain betwen Nazareth and Mount Tabor, till Buonaparte came with his horfe artillery, and extricated thefe, troops, difperfing the multi tude of irregular cavalry, by which they were completely furrounded. " The Turkifh Chifflick regiment having been cenT hired for the ill fuccefs of their fally, and their u'nfteadinefs in the attack of the garden, made a frefo fally the next , night; Solomon Aga, the lieutenant-cofonel, being deter mined to retrieve the honour of the regiment by the punc tual execution ofthe orders I had given him to make him felf mafter of the enemy's third parallel, and this he did moft effeclually ; but the j'mpetuofity of a few carried them on to the fecond trench, where they loft fome of their Standards, though they Spiked four guns before their retreat. Kleber's divifion, inflead of mounting the breach, accord- '' ing to Bonaparte's iritention, wasfcpus obliged to Spend its time and Its Strength in. recovering thefe works, in which. it Succeeded, after a confria of three hours, leaving every thing ir| ftatu quo, except the lofs of men, which was very confiderable on both fides.*. After this failure, the French grenadiers abfolutely refufed to mount the breach any more over, the putrid bodies of. thfeir unburied companions, Sacri ficed in former attacks, by Buonaparte's impatience and * The French at thefe aflaults loft Adjutant General Fouler, Ve- naux, Chief of Brigade, and General Bon, befides a great number o£ field officers. Vol.. III. Y precipitation, 30,2 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. precipitation, which led him to commit fuch palpable errors 1799 as even feamen could take advantage of. He feemed to have no principle of aaion but that of preffing forward^; a.rid appeared to flick at nothing to obtain the objea of his ambition, although it muft be evident to every body; elfe, ,. that even if he had fucceeded to take the town; the fire of the fhipping muft drive him out oS it again in a fhart time; however, the knowledge the garrifon' had of the inhuman . maffacre at Jaffa, rendered them defperate in their perfonal defence. Two attempts to affaffinate me in the town having failed, recourfe was had to a moft flagrant .breach of every law of honour and of war. A flag of truce -was fent into the town by trie hand of an Arab Dervife, with a letter to the Pacha, propofing a ceffation of arms for the purpofe of burying the dead bodies, the flench from which became intolerable, and threatened the existence of every one of us on both fides-, many having died delirious within a few hours after being feized with fhe firft Symptoms of infeaion. It was natural that we Should gladly liften to this propo sition, and that we fhould consequently be off our guard, during the conference. While .the anfwer was nnder con fideration, a volley of foot and fhells on a fudden announced an affault, which, however, the garrifon was ready to re ceive, and^the affailants .only contributed to increafe the number of the dead bodies in queftion, to the eternal difgrace of the General, who thus difldyally Sacrificed them. I faved the Jife.of the Arab from the effea of the indignation " of the Turks, and took him off to the Tigre with me, from whence I fent him back to the General with a mef fage, which made the army afoamed of having been ex- .poSed to fuch a merited reproof. Subordination was now at an end, and all hopes of fuccefs having vanifhed, the ene my had no alternativ^eft but a'precipitate retreat, which . was put in' execution in the night between the 20th and 2 ift inllant. I had above faid, "that the battering train of artillery (except the carriages, which were burnt] is now jr. our hands, amounting to 23 pieces. The howitzers and medium twelve pounders, originally conveyed by lao'd- wnh much difficulty, and foccefsfully employed to make ^ the firft breach, were embarked in the country veffels at Jaffa, to be conveyed coaftwife, together with the worth among the two thoufand wounded,' which embarraffed fhe march ofthe army. This operation was to be expeaed ; I took NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, ^23 took care, therefore, to be between Jaffa and Damietta be- A. D. fore the French army could get as far as the former place. * 799 The veffels being hurried to fea, without feamen t'o navi gate them, and the wounded being in want of every necef fary, even water and provifions, they fleered Straight to his Majefty's Ships, in full confidence of receiving the fuc- cours^f humanity, in which they were not difappointed. I havenent them on to Damietta, where they will receive fuch further aid as their fituation requires, and which it was out of my power tp give fo many. Their expreflions of gratitude to us were mingled with execrations-f.on the name of- their General, who had, as they faid, thus ex- pofed' them to peril, rather than fairly and honourably renew the intercotirfe with the Englifh, which he had broken off by a falfe and nialicfous affertion, that I had intentionally expofed the former prifoners to the infeaion of the plague.* To the honour of the French arniy be it faid, this affertion was not believed by them, and it thus recoiled on its author. The intention of it was evidently to do away the effea which the proclamation of the Porte began to make on the foldiers, whofe eager hands were * The General in Chief to the Chief of the Etat Major General. '" The Commander ofthe Englifh fquadron' before Acre, having had the barbarity to embark on board a veffel which was infefted with' the plague, the French prifoners made in two tartans laden -with am munition, which he took near Caiffa, in the fortie which took place on the 1 8th, having been 're-marked atthe head of the. barbarians, and - the Englifh flag having been at the fame time flying over many towers in, the place, the barbarous conduit which theSefieged difplayed, in cutting off the heads of two volunteers which were killed, muft be at tributed to the Englifh commander, a conduct which is very oppofite to the honours" which have .beer, paid to Englifh officers and foldiers found upon the field of battle, and to the attention which has beea fhewn to wounded and to prifoners. " The Englifh being thofe who ck-fjtod and pfovifion Acre, the hor rible conduct of Djezzar, who caufecNt be ftrangled and thrown into water, with their hands tied behind their backs, more thati two hundred Chriflians, inhabitants of this country, among whom was a fecretary of a French Conful, muft be equally attributed to this officer, fince from circumftances the , Pacha found himfelf entirely dependent upon him. " This officer having befides refufed to execute atiy of the articles of u.;change eftablifhcd between the two powers, aBd fris propofals in all the communications which have taken place, and his conduct fince the time he has been cruizing here, having been thofe of a madman ; mydefireis, that you order the different commanders on the coaft to §ive up all communication with the Englifh fleet actually cruizing in lefe teas. v (" Signed) BuonaJahtE," Y2 - AeJd 324 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A,D- held above the parapet of their works to receive them wherf V99 thrown from the beach. He cannot plead mifinformatiort > as his excufe, his aid-de-camp, Mr. Lallemand, having^ had free intercourfe with thefe prifoners on board the Tig're, when he came to treat about them: and having been Ordered, though too late, not to repeat their expref* lions of. contentment at the profpea of going home. It was evident to both fides, that when a general had recOurfe' to fuch a foallow, and at the fame time to fuch a mean ar tifice as a malicious falfehood, all better refources were at an end, and the defeaion in his army was consequently encreafed to the higheft pitch. The utmoft , diforder has been manifefted in the retreat, ,and the whole traa between Acre and Gaza is flrewed with the dead bodies of thofe who have funk under fatigue, or the effea of flight wounds ; fuch as Could walk, unfortunately for them, not having been embarked, the rowing gun boats annoyed the van column of the retreating army in , its march along^the beach, and the Arabs harraffed its rear when it turned" inland to avoid their fire. We obferved ihe ffnoke of mufquetry behind the fand hills from the attack of a party of them, which came down to our boats and .touched our . flag with every token of'union.and refpea. Ifmael Pacha, governor of Jerufalem, to whom notice was fent or Buo naparte's preparation for retreat, having entered this town • by land at the fame time that we brought our guns to bear , on it by fea, a flop was put to the maffacre and pillage al ready begun by theNablufians. The Englifh flag re- hoifted on theConful's houfe, (under which the Pacha met me) ferves as an afylum for all religious, and every defcrip tion of the, furviving inhabitants. The heaps of unburied Frenchmen lying on the bodies of thofe whom they maffa- Cred two months ago, afj^rd another proof of Divine juf tice, which has carifed thefe murderers to perifh by the in feaion arifing from their own atrocious aa. Seven poor wretches are left alive in the hofpital, where they are pro- teaed, and foall be taken care of. We have had a moft, dangerous and painful duty in difembarking here, to protea the inhabitants, but it has been etfeaually done ; and Ifo'-iet Pacha deferyes every credit for his humane exertions and cordial, co-operation .to that effea. Two thoufand cavalry are juft difpatched to harrafs the French rear, and I am in hopes to overtake their van in time to profit by their difor der j NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 325 der; but this will depend on the affembling of fufficient A.D. force, and on exertions of which I am not abfolutely ' 799 matter, though I rib my utmoft to give the neceffary im- pulfe, and .a right direaion. , I have. every' confidence that the officers and men of the three fhips under my orders, who, in the face of a moft formidable enemy, have-forti fied a town that had not a fingle heavy gun mounted on the land Side, and who have carried on all fotercourfe by boats under a conftant fire of mufquetry and grape, will be able. efficacioufly to affift the army' in its future operations. The letter will be delivered td your Lordfhip by Lieutenant Canes, firft of the Tigre, whom I have judged worthy to command the Thefeus, as captain, ever fince the death of my much lamented friend and co-adjutor Captain Miller.* I have taken Lieutenant England, firft of that fhip, to my affiftance, in the Tigre, by whofe exertions, and thofe of Lieutenant Summers and Mr. Atkinfon, together with the bravery of the reft of the officers and men, that fhip Was faved, though on fire in five places at once, from a depofit-- of French lhells burfting on board her. " I have the honour to be, &c, " W. Sydney Smith.+ *' Right Hon. Lord Nelson." A lift of killed, wounded, drowned, and prifoners belonging to his Majefty's flips employed jn the defence of Acre, between the 'I'jth March and 20th May 1799,- Tigre — 17 killpd, 48 wounded; 4 drowned, 77 priT foners. Thefeus— 35 killed, 62 wounded, 9 drowned, 5 pri foners. , Alliance — 1 killed, 3 wounded. . Total— .53 killed,' 113 wounded, 13 drowned, 82' pri foners. Dated on board his Majefty s flip Tigre, this %oth of May, 1 799. \ * Killed by the burfting of fome fhells which took fire on the Ther feus' quarter-deck : he was Lord Nelfon's captain in the ever memo rable aftion with the Spanifh fleet February 1798. In him the Service loft a moft excellent and gallant officer. By this dreadful accident 1(1 men were killed, iq drowned, and 45 wounded. f The thanks of parliament were voted to Sir Sydney Smith, his officers and men — a penfion of ioool. per annum fettled on him. The City of London alfo prefented him with its freedom, and a fword valued one hundred guineas. The Turkey Company ordered a fword ifalue 300 guineas, to be prefented to Sir Sydney Smith. Y X Officers 320 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A,D' Officers 'killed and wounded between the gth and 20th' May, *799 m f 1799. - , t " Thefeus— Ralph Willet Miller, captain ; Thomas Ley- bourne, fchool mafter; James Morrifon, Bigges Forbes, Charles James Webb, midfhipmen, killed : Lieutenant Summers, Thomas Atkinfon, mafter ;, Robert Tarnifh, fUrgeon ; Frederick Morris, chaplain ; Lieutenant Bently, of the marines ; Charles Dobren, midfhipman, wounded. After leaving every neceffary affiftance with the Turkifh army for its future operations againft .the French, Sir Sid ney "Smith repaired to the different iflands in the Archipe lago and Conftantinople, to refit his little fd/iadron, and to concert with the Ottoman Porte,' fuch meafures as may be moft effeaual to extirpate the French totally out of Egypt. In the. mean time Bonaparte had advanced with the greater part of his army, and attacked that ofthe Turks in their entrenched camp before Aboukir, which, after a moft defperate and bloody conflia, was Stormed and carried, to gether with the fort of, Aboukir. The carnage on both fides was dreadful, the greater part of the Turkifh grmy perifhed, either by the fword, or were drowned, in at tempting to get off to the v'eflels.in the Bay. The French army alfo fuffered a confiderable lofs ; amongft' the flain . were feveral of its principal officers. Sir Sidney Smith, who had juft arrived in the Bay, was witnefs to this defeat, without having it in his power to render the Turks the leaft affiftance. Towards the end of Oftober a confiderable reinforcement of troops and (hips had arrived from Conftantinople : this acfceffion of firength determined. Sir Sidney Smith to proceed to the moutlrof the - Damietta. branch of the -Nile, and by making an attack' thereon,, diaw theattention ofthe enemy that way, which, -as had b.een agreed 'with the Grand Vizier, would leave him more at liberty to advance with the grand army on tbe fide of the Defert. For this purpofe the coaft was founded, the pafs to Damietta marked with buoys and gun boats. The attack was begun by the Tigre 's boats with great refolutiop, and poffiffion taken" of a ruined caflle-, from which the enemy in vain attempted to diflodge them. On the ift of Novem ber the troops wercdifernbarked ; at firft a confiderable advantage was gained over the French,' and they were completely NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 32? completely routed; but the' impetuofity of Ofman Aga, AD: and the troops he commanded as a corps de referve, rufhing l799 imprudently forward in purfuit ofthe fugitives before they were commanded, foon turned the fate of the day. The French availed themfelves of their fuperiqr taaics, rufoed on the Turks with fuch fury, that they were thrown info the utmoft confufion and diforder, fled to the water fide, and throwing themfelves into the fea, implored the affift ance of the boats, which with fome difficulty and danger faved all thofe which were not taken prifoners. In May Captain Bowen, of the Argo, who had been fent by the commander in chief to Algiers, for the purpofe of negociating with the Dey to fupply the fleet with frefh provifions, had the good fortune whilft there to procure the freedom of fix poor fellows who had been fourteen years in flavery. On the morning of the 4th of May, Vice Admiral Lord Keith, who was at anchor off Cadiz with fifteen fail ofthe line,* difcovered the French fleet, which had efcaped the vigilance of Lord. Bridport, at fome diftance to windward, fleering in for the -land. The admiral did not hefitate a moment what part to aa, although the wind at this time was blowing extremely hard right on the fhore ; he inftant ly weighed, flood off, and not difcouraged by the fuperio- rity of the enemy's force, offered them battle, which they affiduoufly declined ;, neither did the French admiral make an attempt to join his friends at Cadiz, which port was not more than fevert Or eight miles to leeward, where the whole Spanifh fleet was at anchor. Lord Keith continued to chace to windward the whole day, but the gale increa fing in the night to a perfea Storm, it was with much dif ficulty the fhips could be kept together. At day-light only four fail of the enemy's Ships Were to be feen, to which chace was given, but without effea. Lord Keith did not quit his Station until the 9th, when he fufpeaed, from not again getting fight ofthe French fleet, that it had paffed the Straits; he accordingly bore up to follow them, and an chored in Gibraltar Bay, in hopes of getting fomejntelli- geace. Soon after his lordfhip proceeded up the Mediter ranean, and cruized off Cape Dell Mell. Whilft on this Station, he was informed that the French * .Appendix, Chap. II. No. 385.. Y 4 fleet 32,8 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. ' T ? A. D. fleet was at anchor in Vado Bay ; but Earl S t. Vincent, the I799 commander in chief, having certain intelligence that the Spaniards meditated an immediate attack on the ifland of ' Minorca, for which purpofe they had cblfeaed- Some thou fand troops at Majorca,) Sent orders to the vice admiral in ftantly to repair to the proteaion of that jfland. The French having now nothing to apprehend, profited . by the abfence ofthe Britifh fleet, flipped out of Vado, and on the 17 th reached Carthagena, where he was foon joined by Admiral Maffaredo, with the fleet* of Spain. '"The firft favourable wind the combined fleets failed from theiice, and having, paffed the Straits of Gibraltar, an chored in the road of Cadiz; before Lord Keith had any certain intelligence of its movement, or even its junaion.* The moment the vice-admiral was informed ofthe enemy's '¦ deftination, he colfeaed his force, and proceeded in queft of trierri. On his arrival off Cadiz, he learnt that they had on the 2iftof July failed for Breft ; his Lordfoip continued the purfuit, but to his mortification found they had entered that port a few hours previous to his appearance off it; upon which he fhaped his courfe for England. 1 Previous to the French and , Spanifh fleets departure from Carthageria, their admirals publifhed the following procla- ' mations: " Liberty Equality. " In the name of the French' Republic. " In the Road of Carthagena, on board the Admiral' s Ship the Ocean, dated the 24-th of June,' in the jib year ofthe French Republic, Euftace Bruix, commanding the French Naval Forces. *' Frenchmen and Republicans ! . " -** .At'lafl united with our faithful allies, we approach a Defiod in which we Shall punifh England, and relieve all Europe from its tyranny. Although I have no doubt, my brave friends, ofthe fentiments which you have profeffed, I' •feel myfelf bound to call upon you to give proofs of their Sincerity by every means in your power. Recplfea that it is for the intereft of your country, and for your 6wn honour, to give to a nation whom we efleem the highefl opinion Of us. That word alone is fufficient for French- > , * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 386. men. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 32Q men. Do not, above all, forget that you are come among A.D. ajuft and generous people, and our moft faithful ally, re- J799 fpea their cuftoms, their ufages, their religion, in a, word, let every thing be facred to us : think the leaft de parture from that which I am now prefcribing to you, will be a crime in the eyes of the Republic, and it will be my ral Gurnier, for foe evacuation of the Roman State, on the 29th and 30th of September, a detachment of 200 fea men and marines Were landed from the Culloden and Mi- ' notour, and took poffeffion of Civita Vecchia, Cornatto, and 332 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. , ( ArD. and Tclfa/ General Bouchard, and Captain Louis, of i799 the Minotaur, were fent to take poffeffion of Rome on the' fame terms.* On the icth of July his Sicilian Majefty arrived in the Bay of Naples, and hoifted his Standard on board the Fou-' droyant. On the 17th the French evacuated Leghorn. On the 18th oS July, Captain- Digby, of the Alcmene, towards the clofe of day, flood into the harbour of Vjvero ; and notwithstanding the heavy fire of two Spanifh batteriesj boarded with his boats, and brought off a large fhip pierced for 32' guns, laden with hemp, lower'mafts, and timber; the other a brig ,oS 400 tons, with Ship timber and iron- bound to the arSenal at Ferrol. On the 29th of July, Lieutenant Hamline was acquitted by the fentence of a court-martial, for the lofs of his Ma- . jetty's cutter Penelope, captured on the 7th off Gibraltar by a Spanifh frigate. On the gth of Auguft, Captain J. Brenton, in the' , , Speedy brig, of 14 guns, "with the Defender privateer, of Gibraltar, of the fame force, gave chace to three Spanifh armed Veffels-}- , which ran into a fmall fandy bay five leagues to the eaftward of Cape de Gatt, and moored in a clofe line within a boat's length of the beach.' Captain Brenton engaged then* an hour and three quarters, under fail, before he could gairi foundings, although not more than a cable's length from the rocks. Finding the enemy had much the advantage, from conftantly changing his pofition, he refolved to pufh for an anchorage, and was fortunate enough to fucceed within piftol Shot of the centre. veffel; after a *clofe aaion of three quarters of an hour,, the .Spa niards took to their boats, cutting the cables of two of their veffels, which drove on Shore; Captain Brenton fent his boats and brought them all off, under a conftant fire of mufquetry from* the hills. The Speedy had only two men, wounded; the Defender, one. 1 * On the 23d of November Captain Troubridge was created a Ba ronet - of Great Britain, for the eminent fervices he'had rendered hit* country. 7 Veffils. Guns. ~, /,;,.., . t Santo Chrifto de Gracia, - 8 ' fix and nine pounders. i'vM Name unknown, -^ 10 fix and nine pounders, *: isarne unknown, - 4 fix pounders. ' Oa NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 333 On the 4th ofOaober, the boats of1 the Speedy, Cap- A.D., tain J. Brenton, rowed into a bay near Cape Trafalquar, '799 boarded and deftroyed three or four Spanifh merchant vef- Veffels which had taken fhelter under a battery, in defiance of a heavy fire from it, and mufquetry on the fhore. On the 2 ift of Dec. in the evening, the Lady Nelfon cutter was obferved off Cabateta Point, Surrounded, by, and engaging feveral French privateers and gun veffels. Lord Keith, who was lying in. Gibraltar Bay, immediately dif patched the boats of the Queen Charlotte and Emerald, to row towards the enemy, in hopes it might encourage the cutter to refill until fhe could get ufider the guns of the Ships ; but in the interim foe was boarded and taken in tow by two ofthe French privateers, in which fituation Lieute nant Bainbridge, in the Queen Charlotte's barge, with 16 men, run alongfide the cutter, boarded her with the greateft impetuofity, and after a 'fharp conflia carried her, taking (even French officers, and twenty feven men, prifoners ; fix or feven others were killed, or knocked overboard in the fcufHe : the privateers inftantly cut the tow ropes, and made off under Algeziras, purfued and attacked by Lord Cochran, in the Queen Charlotte's cutter. The darknefs of the night prevented the-boats adting in concert', otherwife all the privateers would have been taken. Lieutenant Bainbridge was feverely wounded on foe head by the Stroke of a fabre, and Slightly in other places. Some of the men were alfo. wounded in this gallant conflia. NORTH AMERICA. Admiral Vandeput comrhanded the fqijadron on this Station, whofe cruizers were aaively employed in the pro- teaion of the trade.* Several attempts were made to deftroy the dock-yard at Halifax by fire. About three o'clock in the afternoon >on the nth of Auguft, one of the watchmen on duty in the dock-yard, accidentally looking through one of the' win- . dows ofthe boat-houfe, was Surprized to fee a blaze of fire in the infide, and immediately! gave the alarm. On open ing the doors, a large fire was found lighted againft one ofthe Store-room doors, near which a. confiderable quantity of ammunition was lodged; and before the fire could be ex- > * Appendix, Chap. II, No. 387. Squadron America and New foundland. tinguifhed. 334 NAVAL CHRONQLOGY, I A.Dj tinguifhed, -it had burnt the door nearjy half through, 799 In a few minutes longer; if it had remained uhdifcoVered^ the whole building muft have been in flames. On>fearch- ing farther, a large quantity of lighted tinder Was found at the other end of the boat-houfe, amidft a quantity of chips and Shavings, under one of the carpenter's benches. - On the following day, as fome, people belonging to the yard were employed in landing ftores near the Commiflion- er's houfe, they obferved a fmoke iffuing from the roof of the ftables, and the alarm being immediately given, and the doors brbke open, ,the ftables were found to be on fire in two places : in the rack under the hay, and alfo in the hay loft above ; the remains of a lighted broom, .. '< which had been dipped in fulphur, were found burning. As the ftables had been for a long time unoccupied, and locked up, it was difficult to conceive how- the incen diaries had got in, till it was found that the nails had been drawn" out of a fcuttle, which had been nailed -up at the back of the, ftables next the water, and which was large enough to admit a man to creep through. Every precaution was ufed to prevent fuch attempts for the future, and a guard of foldiers regularly mounted in the dock-yard} befides the people Who ufually watched -,:, there\j notwithftanding which, on the 14th, at ten-o'cl6ck at night, the alarm of fire was again giveji, which pro- ceeded from a room in one of the porter's lodges, ufed as a carpenter's Shop ; it was found that a'fhawl, with a lighted'. coal in the infide of it, had been.thruft through a broken pane of glafs. It was, however, by timely afliftance checked before any mifchief was done. . From the mode in which thefe attempts were made, there can be no doubt ,' but that fome of the people employed in the dock-yard were concerned in this diabolical plot. ¦ ' . 'f' . NEWFOUNDLAND. 1*" ' The honourable Vice Adniiral Waldgrave* ftill conti nued governor and commander in chief. Nothing of -any importance occurred. WEST. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, ' 335 A.D. WEST INDIES. i;99 LEEWARD ISLANDS. Vice Admiral Henry Harvey commanded on this Station, till relieved by Lord Hugh Seymour.* - On the 9th of February, the l Conttellation American frigate. of 38 guns, commanded by commodore Thomas Truxton, captured off Nevis, after a fharp and bloody contefl, the French frigate L'Infurgente oS 44 guns, and 410 men, commanded by Captain Buroe, foe had 29 killed and 30 wounded. The Conttellation had only one man killed and two wounded.t About the middle of March, General Des Forneaux fent his Secretary to St. Kitts, for the purpofe of inducing Captain Truxton to reftorethe Infurgente. He told him that if fhewas not de livered up immediately,: the general would give orders to the French cruizers to capture all American veffels without difcrimination. Captain Truxton coolly anfwered, that he had aaed in perfea obedience to the orders of his go vernment, and that no' threats would induce him to difobey them. . The Frenchman ufed promifes, intreaties, arid imprecations, but in vain ; when finding Captain Truxton inexorable, he left hirm muttering as cuftomary Ven-' geance ! and the Great Nation .' On the 15th of July, a court-martial affembled on board his Majefty's fhip Invincible, in Fort Royal harbour, Mar tinique, to try Captain Richard Matfon, of his Majefty's Ship Daphne, on a charge exhibited againft him by George V "Baker, fecond lieutenant ; George Alexander, aaing maf ter ; John Allen, purfer; and William Bowles, matter's mate of the fame fhip.;" alfo written papers containing evi dence as given to them, by John Roufe, William Jones, . Owen Owens, and John Weath alfo belonging to the -Said Ship, of his having- been guilty of crimes, highly fcanda- , lous and deteftabfe. * Appendix, Chap. II." No. 388. f The merchants of London, with that liberality which has ever diftinguifhed them,' fubfcribed for a piece of plate to be prefented to ' Captain Truxton, in teftirnony of their admiration of fus gallantry ana fervices in having captured the above French frigate. The 336 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. The court was compofed of the following members, viz, 179,9 i ,. Prefideht, William Cayley, Efy Robert Barton, - Adrian Renou, Edward Rotheram, Samuel Warren, T. .Goodchild, Judge Advocate. ¦ Who having heard the evidence, produced on the pari of the crown, in fupport of the charge, and what the pri- ' foner had to offer in his defence, and very maturely, and deliberately confidered the whole, were unanimoufly of opinion, that "the charges in any degree have not been proved, and that they appear to them malicious, malignant', groundlefs, and vexatious, in the fulleft extent; and do, therefore, moft honourably acquit the Said Captain Richard Matfon, of all and every part of the. charge ; and he is hereby moft honourably and unanimoufly acquitted qf all and every part of the charge accordantly. ;., It appears to the court, that John Roufe, belonging to his Majefty's fhip Daphne, who was produced on the faid trial, did in the courfe of his examination, prevaricate in his evidence ; this court doth therefore order the faid John Roufe to. three months folitary imprifonment, in fuch place , as the commander in chief fhall pleafe to direa. The court begs leave to communicate to the commander in chief, their fenfe of the very dangerous confederacy, which has been continued againft the faid Captain Richard Matfon, by Philip Brown and George Baker, lieutenants; George Alexander, aaing mafter; John A Hep, purfer; and William Bowles, mailer's mate, of his Majefty's fhip Daphne ;' whereinit appears, that they have aaed in direa oppofition to an aa of parliament, made in the, thirty- feventh year of the reign of his prefent Majefty, King George- the third, intituled, " An aa for the .more effeaually prevent ing the administering or taking unlawful oaths." And are further of opinion, the condua, of the faid officers, on this occafion, ought to be inveftigated, as jt is highly dan gerous to the public fervice, by affixing dates to the declara tions of the evidence, which the faid evidence* have fb» lemnly declared never to have given in. (Signed) W. Cayley, R. Barton, A. Renou, Ed. Rotheram, / Samuel Warren. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 33? On foe arriyal of Lprd Hugh Seymour at Martinique, A.D. Vice A'd mi rart Harvey refigned the commandof the fleet J799 at the Leeward^iflapds, and returned to England in La Concorde, frigate. Sometime' after the admiral's arrival in England, a . deputation of the Weft India .merchants prefented him with the following addrefs. Fort Royal, Martinique, Auguft iff, 1799. " Sir, , "The Englifh inhabitants of this town, defirous of teftifying their regard for, and high opinion of your '. meritorious condua, during the. command of his Majefty's naval forces in thefe leas, have voted a piece of plate to be , prefented you as early as poffible after, your arrival in England, as a token of their approbation of your military as well as civil condua-during that time. - " They have done us the honour, Sir, to appoint us a committee to addrefs you upon the fubjea, a commiffion which we enter upon with the moft fincere pleafure. " We have in confequence deputed John Tench and William Smith, Efqrs. to prefent you with the fame; - which in behalf ofthe. Englifh inhabitants of this town, we pray your acceptance of, as a fmall tribute of their, gra titude for your unremitted attention to the intereft bf thofe committed to your charge. • ' < " We fincerely wifh, that on your arrival in England, after a Short and pleafant paffage, you may have a happy re-union with your family, and meet that reward from onr royal mafter which your merit fo juftly entitles you to. " Wifoing you in the future flages of life, a continuance of honours, health,' and every ..other, happinefs this world can afford, we remain with refpea and efleem, " Sir, " Your moft obedient humble fervan'ts, (Signe'dJ '" James Bontien, James Jones, Ben. Sand ford, John Johnston." «' To Henry Harvey, Efq. Admiral ofthe White." To which Admiral Harvey replied., Yol. III. y Z London,- 338 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 1799 , London, Nov,ig? 1799. " Gentlemen, ^ " I have the honour of your letter of the tft of Auguft laft, preSented to me by John Tench and William Smith, Efqrs. " To the Englifh inhabitants of Fort Royal, Marti nique, I beg to acknowledge the high fenfe I entertain of the fentiments they are pleafed to exprefs' on my condua, during the time I had the honour to ferve.as commander in chief of his Majefty's fquadron on the Leeward Ifland Station. " I accept with much pleafure and fatisfaaion fo ho- • nourable a mark of attention, from fuch a refpeaable body of my fellow fubjeas, and it will ever imprefs on my mind, the moft lively fenfe of gratitude and efleem. I beg you will be pleafed tp affure them of my beft wifhes for their happinefs and prpfperity^ which I hope they may always continue to experience, under his Majefty's moft gracious proteaion and government. " To you particularly, gentlemen ofthe committee, I con fider myfelf obliged by the very polite manner in which you have communicated to m^ the purport of your commiffion. " I have the honour to be, -with great refpea, " Gentlemen, " Your moft obedient humble fervant, (Signed) Henry Harvey.'* " To Sir James Bontein, Kt. James Jones, Ben. J. Sandford, and John Johnston, Efqrs." On the 20th of Auguft the Dutch colony, at Surinam,' Surrendered without opjaofition to' his Majefty's Sea and land forces, under the command' of Vice Admiral Lord Hugh Seymour and Lieutenant General Trigge. , ' ,.' ' .' . ¦' rt On NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. > 33Q On the 26th of Auguft Captain Thomas Weftern, in A.D. 'the Tamer, off Surinam, captured, after a running fight *799 and ten minutes clofe aaion, the French national corvette. Le Republican, citoyen Le Boyee, of 32 guns, and 220 men, nine of whom were killed, and 12 wounded. The Tamer had two feamen wounded. JAMAICA.* In March the boats of the Trent frigate, Captain R. 'W* Otway, corrimanded by the Lieutenants Belchier and Bal- derfton, with' a party of marines under Lieutenant M'Gee, covered by the Sparrow, cutter, moft gallantly Stormed a Spanifh. battery, in a final} bay near Cape Rofo, and after having effeaually deftroyed the guns, brought off a large Ship and fchooner ; two other fehooners, which were in the bay, were -Scuttled by the enemy. ' In performing this fer vice, only three men were wounded. ' On the 13th of April, the Amaranthe, of 14 guns, Cap tain F. Vefey, captured, after a brave refiftance of an hour and eight minutes, Le Vengeur French fchooner letter of marque, of fix four-pounders and ,36 men, 14 of whom were killed, and five wounded. The Amaranthe had one killed, and three wounded. > • , ' On the 16th of September, the Carnatic merchant fhip, bound to Jamaica, picked up a boat belonging to the Violet, of Baltimore, in Maryland, which veffel had upfet in a violent Squall on the ift of the^ fame month. The whole crew, confifting of 11 people, h?d been for 15 days in the boat, with only a few pounds' of flour and a few bottles of water to Shbfifl upon ; . they were fo; much exhaufted and fatigued when taken up, that two inftantly died ; the reft, by the humane treatment of foe Carnatic's crew, were re stored to health. On the 14th of lOaober, the Echo floop of war, com manded by Captain Robert Philpot, being on a cruize off the north-weft end of Porto Rico, chafed a Ijrig into Lag- nadille. Seeing feveral veffels in the bay, Captain Phil pot fent foe pinnace and jcjly boat, under the command of Lieutenants Napier and Rorie, to attempt to bring fome of them out ; in their way in they boarded aiid brought off a Spanifh brig of two guns and 20 men from the Spanifh *~ Appendix, Chap. II. No, 3 Sg, Z 2 * niaih.1 340 NAVAL -CHRONOLOGY. A.D. main.' The next evening fhe boats were again difpatched J799 underLieutenant Napier and M^ Wood (the boatfwainj, to cut out what they with the lofs of all her mafts ; Monfieur Serci her commander, and almoft all foe officers, killed or defperately wounded : the lofs iii men muft have been very ' confiderable, as they were driven twice from their quarters, and when taken poffeffion of, her decks exhibited a fcene of dreadful carnage. La Sybille had three killed, and 19 wounded ; amongft the firft was Captain Davis, of the ftaff, who ferved as a volunteer, and fell early in theaaion. Captain Cooke was amongft.the latter, whofe wounds were of fo fevere a nature as to oblige him to quit the deck ; but the battle was nobly fuftained, till the enemy ftruck, by Lieutenant Hardyman, oh whom Admiral Rainier conferred the command of La Forte. M. de Serci was a pupil of Suffrein's, and efteemed one ofthe ableft officers in the French navy. , " Captain Cooke continued to linger under the painfril ef- feas of the dreadful wound he had received in the above aaion till the morning of the 23d of May, when he ex pired, beloved and refpeaed by all who knew him.* The following garrifon orders were given out by the de- ' puty governor of Calcutta, on the melancholy occafion, in which is a juft panegyric to foe charaaer of this excellent. young officer. " Captain Cooke, of his majefty'sjhip La Sybille, after * TheCourtof Directors of the Eaft India .Company have Voted a monument to be erefted at Calcutta to his memory. a painful 346 NAVAL CHRONOLOGT. A. D. a painful and lingering illnefs, in the courfe of which the 1 799 ardenthopes of the Settlement were fanguinely fixed on his re covery, having expired this morning, in confequence of the- wound he reeeived in the. aaion with the French national frigate La Forte ; it is the painful duty ofthe deputy go- , vernor to order the laft tribute of military honours tp . be paid to the remains of that gallant officer, by whofe prema ture death in the defence of the intereft's of the Britifh nation in general, and of the"Eaft India Company in particular, our gracious Sovereign has loft a zealous, brave, and aaive officer, whoSe intrepid and Skilful condua in a contefl with a veffel of far Superior force, has added another glorious triumph to the many obtained this wrar by the valour ofthe Britifh navy, of which,' had Providence fpared his life, he would have become one of the brighteft ornaments. " His majefty's 76th regiment will form the funeral party, and attend- the remains of Captain Cooke, with every mark of folemnity and refpea that is in their power to fhew, from the houfe of Mr. Muir, at Chouringhee, to the place of interment, at fix o'clock this evening ; and as there is no officer of the rank of colonel with that corps, ColonelGreene is direaed to parade with it on this occafion. , " During the proceffion minute guns are to be fired from Fort William, and the Colours to be hoifted half ftaff , high." The fhips of war, and Eaft India fhips, with feveral mer chant veffels in the river, fired minute guns. On the 20th of September, "the Rattlefnake floop of war, of 16 guns, and Camel ftorefhip, of 24, which were lying at anchor in Algoa bay, a few leagues.to the eaftward ofthe' Cape of Good Hope, with ftores for the ufe ofthe army un-. der the command of General Dundas, who had marched a body of troops into the interior of the country to fupprefs a revolt among the Caffres, were attacked by La PreneuSe French frigate, of 44 guns, arid 300 men. Captains Granger and Lee were on fhore with a detachment of their men Serving with the army. The command devolved on Lieutenant William Fothergill, who difplayed great judge ment and bravery in his mode of defence. The enemy were feen about four o'clock in the afternoon, under Danifh colours, Steering N. W. She continued on 1 this tack untilnear fun-fet, when She altered her courfe, and flood in for the bay. About feven o'clock the Succefs t Schooner ran under the ftern of the Rattlefnake, faying, fhe had Naval chronology, 347 had failed round the Strange Ship, and had hailed her, but AD, received no anfwer; and informed them She was a large 1799 French frigate ; that they counted 1 5 ports ori a fide on the ' main deck. The Rattlefnake on this made the fignal to . the Camel for an enemy, cleared Ship for aaion, and got fprings fixed on her cables. A -little before nine o'clock, '-it being nearly dark, the enemy coming doWn under eafy fail, brought up at about three cables length on, the Rattle- - Shake's bow, and veered away a cable and a half. At this time a Shot was fired from th6 Rattlefnake under the frigate's flerri, of which fhe did not, take any notice % but frorh her manoeuvres, &c. it was fufpeaed fhe intended boarding. To fruflrate their defign, a broadfide was im mediately given from the t Rattlefnake, and was foon re turned by the frigate, which hoifted a French jack at this mizen peak ; the aaion theri commenced with a very brifk fire, which was Shortly lafter fupported by the Camel; the cannonade continued yery warm until midnight, when the Camej's fire Slackened, and was foon after Silenced. The enemy perceiviiig this, changed her pofition to bring her" broadfide on the Rattlefnake, and renewed the contefl until half paft three in the morning; fhe then flipped her cable, and removed to another part of the bay, apparently in a difabled State, to refit. At eleven o'clock in the forenoon fhe was under fail with, only her courfes, and clofe reefed main top-fail fet, which indicated her being much damaged in her mafts. In this Unequal and gallant contefl, which lafted for fix hours and a half, foe Rattlefnake had only the carpenter and \ two feamen .killed, with'xfeveral wounded ; her mafts, fails, and rigging Were much cripppled, and eight fhot , between wind and water. The Carpel had fix men wounded. , On thenlh of December the fame French frigate was chafed and driven on fhore near Port Louis, in the ifland of Mauritius, by the Tremendous, Captain John Ofoorn, and the Adamant, Captain Hotham. As it was impoffible to get her offj the boats of the Ships were fent to deftroy her, which was completely effeaed by Lieutenants Gray," Wal ker, and Symes, under a heavy fire from the French batte ries on fhore. On the 1 2th of Oadberthe Trincomale floop of War^ of 14 guns, commanded by Captain J. Rowe, being on a cruize 348 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, A.D. cruize in the gulph _of Perfia, fell, in with L'lphigenig J799 French privateer, of 22 guns and 200 men, : a moft 'Spi rited and bloody aaion enfued, and continued with great fury for fome time, when the veffels fell on board of each Other, and foon after the Trincomale, by fome dreadful ac cident, took fire and blew up ; the whole of the crew pe rifhed, excepting one feaman and one Lafcar. The violence of the foock was fo great, that L'lphigenie Shortly aSter funk, and 115 ofthe crew perifoed. On the 24th of Oaober the Orpheus frigate, command ed by Captain William Hills, being on a cruize in the Straits of Banca, fell in with and captured, after a Short running fight, the Zeevraght and Zeelaft, two Dutch armed veffels, mounted with 22 guns each, from Macaffar, laden with provifions and ordnance ftores; feven Dutch- ' men were killed, and fix wounded. The Orpheus had bne man killed, Mr. Hddgkins, firft lieutenant, and five wounded. s On the 3d of November a violent Storm did much da? mage, at Bombay -and on the Malabar Cqaft, where many Ships and veffels, of different defcriptions, were -loft, witlj their crews. - * On the 5th of November the Sceptre, of 64 guns, Cap tain Valentine Edwards, was driven on fhore in a violent gale of wind in Table Bay; the Ship was totally loft, and many of the crew, with her commander, perifhfed. A Danifh 64 gun fhip, with feveral merchant veffels, were alfo forced on fhore, moft of which were again got off. , The following is a Lift of the Officers who perifhed in thf Sceptre. Valentine Edwards Captain Munn It-.. Bartlet - / Lieutenants Edward Bones Mafter Alexander Baxter Gunner j "'. Robinfon Boatfwain Wm. Edwards ~\ Barlowe 1 »«•¦>/»- - Giles Kilbourne • ( MldfhlPme« James Tucker J And about 280 feamen and marines. Lift NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 34Q A Lift of the Officers who were either faved from the Wreck qf the Sceptre or were on Shore. James Pengelly, *J ~\ Thomas Tudor Tucker, ^Lieutenants, , j q . '' Hen. Alex. Jones, I I , .- ¦¦' Tun 1 - t ¦ I ¦ c ¦ ¦¦? an" °" John Douglas, Lieut, of marines ,' tutte John Bury, Surgeon, |. : J. Dredge, Piyfer, J N. J. 'VVilfoughby, Invalid Lieut. R. Smart, - Lieut;, on leave cif abfence. Wm.' Dredge, Invalid Lieut, B. W. Macgibbon, Ditto marines. James Shaw, > A.D. '799 Mafter's-mate, faved frorri the wreck. JiafSE? JMido.ip^,- *„„. ¦ JSeS!™' } Midlhipmen on duly. Cha. W. Chalmers, 1 A/r.jr, . „ t u n-u r !- Midlhipmen on fhore. John Thompfon, j m The Rev. Tho. Tringham, Chaplain, on foore./ — — ¦ Boffel, Carpenter, ditto. And about 109 feamen and marines, On the 6th of December, the Cleopatra, a Portuguefe Eaft-Indiaman, on her, paffage from Europe to Calcutta, was attacked by a French privateer of 18 guns, which foe obliged to Sheer off, after a fevere conflia.- The India- man had two men killed and fix wounded. On her arrival at Calcutta, the merchants as a reward to the cap'?in and crew for their gallantry, in having faVed fo valuable a Ship from the hands ofthe enemy, 'prefented them with 100 guineas, and the underwriters at Lloyd's made a liberal fubfcript-ion Sor the fame purpofe._ , On the nth of December, a fmart aaion was fought off the coaft of Arracon, by the Eliza Ann, and foe Ame rican fhip Atalantic, with a~large French privateer, which after a fevere conflia, they obliged to fheer off; two ladies rpaffengers on board the Eliza Ann, behaved with great Sirmnefs, by encouraging the crew to fight valiantly,"" and fupplied them with* cartridges during the engagement. — Supplies S50 > NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Supplies granted by -parliament for the fea fervice"; , The firft two months 1 20,000 fea.-~) men, including 22,696 marines ; j for the remaining eleven months y 2,682,50a o o iro,ooo feamen, and the fame j number of marines. J The viaualling of ditto, - 2,755,000 0 o For wear and tear of fhips - ' 4,350,000 o o For ordnance for fea fervice, , - 362,500 > o o For extrabrdinarfes, - - li5>^55 o o ' For the ordinary, "including half pay 1 grt Q to fea and marine officers, J ,vj" ¦<> For buildings and repairs of Ships 365.515 ° ° For the probable, expence of tranf-1 port fervice , ¦ f 1,300,000 o o For the maintenance of prifoners of [ war in health * / 5°°°° ° <> For the care and maintenance of Sick J prifoners of war ' * / 9°>00 Royal Sovereign 1 10 •Sir' A-. Mitchel, K.B. Vice Ad. of { „.. Jr „ „, "' „ the Bue, > Windfor CaKle 98 * Invefted with the Order of the Bath, January 9th. Sir NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 351 Sir C. Cotton, Bt. Rear Ad of the Red, Prince 98 A. IX °3Sf £wsr* m- Rrar } ¦¦*« * *• J^"ChSfted'Efq'Re"Ad'}T-«»- *¦ Sir R. Calder, Rear Ad. of the Blue, Prince of Wales 98 H°ti!e Hue!" Berkeley' Re3r Ad' °f }MarS ' 7* Sir R. Bickerton, Bt Rear Ad. of 7 n , , , the Blue, J Cumberland 74 Sir J. B. Warren, K.B. Rear A'd. of 1 „ ' M , ' the Blue, JRenowa 74 ' North Sea. Vifc. Duncan, Ad. of the White, Kent 74 A. Dickfon, Efq. Vice Ad. ofthe Red, Monarch 74 A. Mitchel, Efq. Vice Ad. ofthe Blue,. Ifis 50 Lfowns. S. Lutwidge, Efq. Vice Ad. of the Red, Overyffel 64 Nore. A1WhtiEme,E^V|<:eA(l'ofthe}Zealand % 6* Ireland. R. Kingfmill, Efq. Ad. of the Blue, no particular fhip ] fSir A; Gardner, Bt. Ad. ofthe Blue, ditto. Mediterranean. Lord Keith, Vice Ad. ofthe Red,v Queen Charlotte no Lord Nelfon, Rear. Ad. of the Red, Foudroyant 84 ^Bfoe3^00' Bt"Rear A<1" °f ^jSwiftfore 74 Halifax. Sir W. Parker, Bt. Vice Ad. of the V. mpr. ,, White; j> America 64 Newfoundland. C. M. Pole, Efq. Rear Ad. of the Red, Agincourt 64 f Created a Peer of Ireland, by the title of Lord (?ardner. Leeward 354, NAVAL chronologV* A.D. Leeward Iflands. 1800 Lord H. Seymour, Vice Ad. of the Blue, Prince of Wales 98 J. T Duckworth, Rear Ad. of the 1 Leviatha„ ? White, J ¦ Jamaica. Sir Hyde Parker, Kt. Ad. ofthe Blue, Q^ieen 98 Lord H. Seymour,Vice Ad. ofthe Blue.Sans Pareil 84 Cape of Good Hope. Sir R Curtis, Bt. Vice Ajl. of the ^ Lancafter 6, White, . . J ' ; T Eaft Indies. ' ' P. Rainier, Efq. Vice Ad. ofthe Blue, Suffolk 74 J. Blanket, Efq. Rear Ad. of the White, Leopard f 50 Remarks. On the '24th of April, Lord Eridport refigned the com mand of the Channel fleet; he was fucceeded by Earl St. Vincent. On the 22d 6f Auguft, Sir Alan Gardner flritck his flag on board the Royal Sovereign; was created an Irifh Peer, and fucceeded Admiral Kingfmill in the command of the fleet in Ireland. In May, Sir Richard Bickerton failed in the Sea Horfe, to the Mediterranean. Lord Nelfon Struck his Slag on board the Foudroyaht/and returned to England over land. , ASter the' lofs of the Queen Charlotte, Lord Keith hoifted his flag ori board the Minotaur, and from thenceto the Foudroyant. ,, ( Rear Admiral Duckworth went to the* Leeward iflands* and Lord Hugh Seymour to Jamaica, to relieve Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, who returned home in the Trent frigate the 19th of September. On the 3d of November, Sir Hyde hoifted his flag on board the Royal George. Rear Admiral Pole was captain of the fleet, until Lord Bridport ftruck his flag ; then Sir Thomas Troubridge. In March, Admiral Vandeput died at Halifax, and was - fucceeded, by Vice Admiral Sir William Parker, Bt. Sir J. B. Warren failed for the Mediterranean, Novem ber the 28th, in the Renown. On iQO /. s. d. 5 7 6 2, 3 o r i 6 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 353 On the ift of January the rate of fees was eftabliShed at A.D the Admiralty as follows. 1°oc A Table of the Rate of Fees to be paid on certain Infiruments iffued from the Admiralty -Office. For a commiffion to a flag officer, and com mander in chief For a commiffion to a captain and commander of a fhip of war - - - - For a commiffion to a lieutenant of do. For entering the commiffioris of the vice and rear admirals of England - - 5 7 6 For a warrant to the attorney general to prepare a patent for a commiffioner of the Navy and Viaualling - - 576 For a warrant appointing a commiffioner for Sick and Hurt Seamen - - ... - 576 For a warrant to an affiftant to the Surveyors of Navy - - - - 346 For a warrant to a fecretary of the Navy, Vic tualling, and Sick and Hurt Boards -"346 For a warrant to a commiffioner of the Sixpenny Office - - - 3 4 6 For a warrant to an officer, of the dock yards, whofe falary is 200I. a year - - 3 4 6 For a warrant to an officer whofe falary is iool. arid under 200). - - 230 For a warrant to a chaplain and Surgeon of the yards - - - - 3 4 6 For a warrant to a mafter failmaker, joiner, brick layer, carpenter, ftnith, maft-maker, boat builder, and boatfwain of the yards - 230 For a warrant to all other officers of the yards, whofe falaries are rool a year, each - 116 For a warrant to a purfcr, gunner, boatfwain,' carpenter, of ift, 2d, and 3d rates - 2 3 O For a warrant to an officer of thofe ranks in in ferior rates ' - - - I I 6 Fora warranttOra chaplain of a fhip of war o 10 6 For a warrant to an agent viaualler - 346 For a warrant t6 a Storekeeper, and clerk of the cheque of the Viaualling - -230 Vol. III. A a For 354 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A. D. For a warrant to an officer and. clerk in the Vic- 1800 tualling Office, whofe falary is iool. a year and upwards - - 2 3 ° For a warrant to all officers, of the, Royal Aca demy, whofe falaries are iqol. a year and up wards, each - - 2 3 o For a warrant to all other officers of do. under iool. each - - - 116 For a warrant to admit a fcholar into the Royal Academy - - "''.*" 116 For a warrant to prepare a patent for the vice- admiral of Scotland - - 5 7 6" For a warrant to prepare a patent for a vice-ad miral of a maritime county - - 3 4 6 For a. warrant to prepare a patent for the judge and registrar ofthe Admiralty, each 5 76 For a warrant to. appoint the lords high admirals advocate, proaor, and marfhal, each - 346 For a warrant to a counfellor for the affairs of the Admiralty - - - 5 7 ' 6 For a warrant to an affiftant to the Said counsel lor - - " . - " 5 7 6 For a warrant to a judge of a vice-admiralty court v - - - 346 For a warrant to a regiftrar of do; - 3 4 6 For a warrant to a marfhal of do. - 3 4 6' For a warrant to a judge advocate ofthe fleet 3 4 6 For a warrant to a deputy do. - - 346 For a warrant to a phyfician to the fleet 346' For a warrant for entering the patent appoint ing a governor to Greenwich Hofpital 5 7 6 For a warrant to the . lieutenant governor, and for entering the patent for treafurer of Green wich Hofpital, each - - - 346 For a warrant to a captain in Greenwich , Hof pital '- v _ - - 2 3 0 For a warrant to. a lieutenant in do. - 1 1 .6 For a warrant to the phyfician, fecretary, and Steward of ditto,, each , - - 3 4^ For a warrant to the chaplain, and clerk of the cheque, of do. each - '- 2 3. 0 For a warrant tort direaor of do. - • i 1 6 To~all other officers of do. each 1 16 For NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 355 For a warrant to a governor of Haflar and Ply- < A. D. > mOu'fo hofpitals - - 576 I^°-° For a warrant to a lieutenant of the hofpitals - 2 30 For a warrant to a phyfician of do. - 346 For a warrant to a Surgeon of do. - 346 For a warrant to all other officers of do. each 230 For a warrant to an rigent, phyfician, and Sur geon of the feveral eftablifhments for the cuf- tody of prifoners of war - / - '346 For a warrant to the infpeaor general of naval works - - - 5 7^ For a Warrant to the architea, mechanift, and chymifl on that eftablifhment: - 460, For a warrant to the draughtfman on do. - 346 For a warrant to the Secretary on do. - 460 "For a warrant to the clerks on do. each - 230 For a warrant to the hydrographer - - 5 7 6 For a warrant to all officers in the naval de partments, who receive appointments from this ; office, and whofe falaries are a iool. a year and upwards, each - -. 2 3 ,0 For a warrant to all officers of the above defcrip- fcription, whofe falaries are under iool. each 116 For a warrant for a letter of marque to priva teers - - - 116 For an order to Superannuate a lieutenant -230 For an order to superannuate warrant officers of ift, 2d, and 3d rates - . 230 , For an order to warrant officers from a 3d rate downwards - - - 116 For an order to grant a penfion under iool. a year - - - 1 For an order to grant a penfion from iool. to 20.0I. inclufive - - - 2 3 0 Fqr an order to grant a penfion frbm 200I. to _ 300I. - - - 3 4 6 For art order to grant a penfion from,30ol. to 400I. - - - 460 For an order to grant a penfion from 400I. to 500I. and upwards - -. 576 For all reports on a reference where any penfion is granted - - - 116 A a 2 A new 6 356 • NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. s AD. A newpafs to fecure the Ships and veffels of his 1800 Majefty's fubjeas from the Algerines - I IO o A renewal of do.1 -. - I o o Aproteaion for Shipwrights, boat builders, caul k- fers and failmakers, &c. 50 men and upwards 220 A do. for do. upwards of 4 and under 50 men 1 1 0 A do. for do. 4 men and under - o 10 6 A do. for merchant veffels of 10 men and up wards - - - o 10 0 A do. for do. under 10 men - 050 A do. for a fingle perfon - - 026 A letter of leave for a flag officer to go abroad 2 - 3 0 A do. for a captain of a Ship of war - 116 A do. for a lieutenant or mafter - o 10 6 A certificate to a captain and commander of a - Ship of "war of having delivered his journals into the office - - 056 - A do. to a lieutenant - - 026 A do. to a captain and commander of a fhip of war of having delivered his obfervations on coafts and roads - - - 050 A do. to mafters of Ships of war - 026 A do. to a midfhipman of having lodged his ori ginal certificate of examination in the office 026 A do. to ,a captain and commander of a Ship, of war of his having received a commiffion from their Lordfhips - - 026 OCCURRENCES AT AND NEAR HOME* . On the 3d qf January a court-martial was held on board the Gladiator in Portfmouth harbour, to try Lieut. Thomas Vanthyfen, of the Sophie, fof going forward' among the fhip's Crew, after a man had been piin^'foed, 'and fay ing publicly in the hearing of the people, " If I was the fhip's company, I would be damned if I would not write ?gain(t the captain : I have taken an account of every man that has been flagged fince 1 have be.en in the fhip." The following members co'tnpofed the Court. * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 392. Lift of fhips employed at home. Prefident NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 35/ Prefident, A.D. Vice Admiral Sir Charles Cotton, Bart. 1800 - Rear Ad. Sir R. Bickerton, Bt. Captain T. Toity. Captains'J. C. Purvis, J. Sutton, Charles Stirling, . R.'.Grindall, Francis Pickmore, D. Fanconrt, ' ¦ R. C. Reynolds, — Charles Boyles, '- • Sir C. Hamilton, '¦ Edward Riou. M. Greetham, "Judge Advocate.- The charge being proved, the Court adjudged Lieute nant Thomas Vanthyfen, to be difmiffed his Majefty's fervice, and rendered incapable of Serving his Majefty, his heirs, or focceffors. Lieutenant Harford, firft of the Arethufa, was alfo tried on board the Gladiator, on a charge of throwing fome tea in foe face of Lieutenant Afkew, of the fame fliip. The charge being proved, the Court fentenced Mr. Har ford to be difmiffed his Majefty's fervice.* On the 2d and 3d, feveral veffels were 'loft on the coaft ' of Scotland, and on the north coaft of England in a heavy. gale, of wind from the S. E. — a great number of fouls'per. rimed. The crews of two Sloops, wrecked on the fands of St. Andrew's, muft inevitably have fhared the fame fate, had it not been for the exertions of Mr. John Honey, a Student of divinity, who, unintimidated by feeing feveral men almoft drowned in their attempts to get off, went info the fea, and, at the .imminent hazard of his life, brought the crews in Safety to the fhore. The magiftrates of St. Andrew's, as a teftimony of the fenfe they entertained bf Mr. Honey's humane and aaive exertions, prefented him with an hereditary Burgefs and Guild Ticket. The number of veffels of different rleferiptions, which arefuppofed to have been wrecked and foundered, on the coaft, is fuppofed to amount to at leaft 100, and that 1000 foul* perifhed?' On the 10th, a fingular inftance of Britifh fcamanfhip, valour, and dexterity, occurred in the efcape of a p lot boat from a French privateer. The veffel was. the Amity, + The fhip's. company of the Arethufa held Mr. Harford in fuch ' eftimation ; that fome time previous to this unlucky event, they had prefented him with an elegant fword, and a cal'e of piftols richly ," , mounted. A a 3 belonging So^ NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A. D. belonging to Bembrige,' on the look-out for fhip's. About, 1800 ten inlhe morning they difcovered a lugger privateer about two miles diftance, which they could not perceive before in confequence of the morning being hazy.' There being/little wind, the enemy was rowing with thirteen oars on each fide, and fad approaching^ the matter of the pilot boat thought it beft to leave his veffel immediately, there being ho other means of efcaping^ He and: another man, there fore, got into their Small boat, and defired James Wallis, .the boy, to come alfo: but he bravely anfwered, ** he. would remain by the veffel, whatever might be foe confe quence. Thus refolved, he gave them his watch, and alj „ the little money he had, which he requefted they would give to his father; they prbmifed to jDerform his requeft, ancl immediately left him tb his fate, when the privateer was only a quarter pf a mile diflant. In a few minutes foe fhot up under his lee quarter, with an intention to grapple the pilot boat ; and having frefh way, lowered their main top- fails and lug fail; the lad obferving their defign, juft as they were in the aa of heaving their grappling irons, put his helm down, and went about, whilft the' privateer fired fmall arms and fwivels into her. This manoeuvre obliged them to make fail and tack : when they had made all the fail they could, the young man, with grear judgment, tacked, and weathered them about the length^f the lugger : the privateer having gained his wake, tacked alfo. The youth continued to tack every time the' privateer Set her fails, which was repeated fixteen or Seventeen times : they likewiSe conftantly fired when near, and particularly when ' croffing at a diftance, never more than thirty yards. After' manoeuvring in this dexterous manner for above two hours, a frefh breeze happily Sprung up: the pilot boat was then on the laft tack, and had gained about a cable's length to windward, when fhe crofted the privateer, which after firing all their fwivels and fmall arms, bore up and left him. On the fame day a court-martial was held on board the Cambridge, in Hamoaze, on Captain Searle, his officers, and'crew, for the lofs of his Majeftv's fhip Ethalion, on the Saintes Rocks, on the 25th of December laft. - ; •After an impartial inveftigation of the exifting circum- f ; Stances, the Court moft honourably acquitted Capt. Searle, , - his officers', and Ship's company. It appeared that the ac cident was occasioned by an uriufual courfe of tide, and but little NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 359 lktlewind; that every exertion which fkill and zeal could A.D. effea, was made by Captain Searle, and his officers; and l8o° , the utmoft difcipline and, fubordination was obferved by 'the Ship's company, So highly honourable to Britifh' Seamen in times of danger. On the 15th a court-martial was held on board the Glat ton, in Yarmouth Roads, to try Lieutenant James Wat- fon, hisfurviving officers and crew, for the lofs of his Ma jefty's gun veffel foe Maftiff. The Court was compofed of foe following members : Prefident, Vice Admiral Archibald Dickfon. Captains, Charles Cobb,' ¦ George Hart, Thomas Bertie, William Hope, , A. C. Dickfon, Robert Honeyman. James Hervey, Efq. Judge Advocate. . When, after, a minute investigation into - the caufe 'of the lofs of the faid veffel, and examining the feveral witneffes refpeaing the condua of Lieutenant Watfon, his officers and crew, the Court was of opinion that no blame what ever attached to them ; but that after the Maftiff ftruck the ground, (which circumftance was purely accidental, occa sioned by a dead calm enSuing, immediately after the veffel got round the buoy of the Cockle Sand, and it being ebb tide, fetting direaiy upon it,, together with a heavy Swell running, which threw her alfo to leeward,) the condua of Lieutenant Watfon was truly meritorious, and fuch as be came a Steady good officer; his efforts were well.feconded by his officers, and the condua of the crew highly praife- wortby, and exhibited ftrong proofs of good difcipline, and a juft fenfe of due fubordination. It therefore honourably acquitted Lieutenant Watfon, his Surviving officers and crew, of being in any wife acceffary.to the lofs of the veffel ; but it could not difmifs them without Signifying fhe high fenfe it entertained of their very proper condua on fo aweful an occafion.* On the 2 1 ft, Captain Thomas Totty, of the Saturn, was tried by a court-martial on board the Gladiator in .* The Lords of the Admiralty gave 150 guineas as a reward, to the humane and intrepid exertions of fome ftfhermen at -Winrerton, in Norfolki; who, at the rifk of their lives, faved upwards of 3 o tifthe crew ofthe Maftiff. , A a 4 Portfmouth 360 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Portfmouth harbour, fog having run on board the Prince at 1800 fea. Nothing appearing to criminate Captain Totty in the leaft, he was acquitted. , -On the 25th, between three and four o'clock in the morning, the Brazen floop of war, of 18 guns, command ed by Captain Hanfon,* was driven in a gale of wind on Ave Rocks, near Newhaven, and foon afterwards dafoed to pieces by the violence ofthe waves. The wreck,*' when it was dffcovered about feven in the morning, exhi- , bited a moft melancholy and diftreffing fcene. Many ofthe crew who had got on rafts, and on different parts ofthe Ship, were feen Struggling with the contending billows, but irt vain, as it was at the time of high water, and when no affiftance could be given from the Shore. The lieute nant and purfer, who were excellent fwimmers, Stripped and attempted to fave themfelves by that means ; but hav ing Swam till they were exhaufted, they funk and we're feen no more : the whole of the crew, confifling of 120 perfons, one only excepted, perifhed. At the ebbing of the tide, the Shore was covered-with dead bodies, which were picked: up and put into waggons, fent from Newhaven for that pur pofe. Jeremiah Hill, the man who was faved, preferved himfelf by the help of a trough, or fkid, ufed for launching a boat from a Ship, and was drawn up the cliff by a ma chine conftruaed for that humane purpofe. He was fo much exhaufted, that it was a confiderable time before he recovered fufficiently to fpeak to be understood. On the 5th of February, the Fairy arid Harpy (loops of war, commanded by Captains Horton and -Bazely, being on a cruize off St. Maloes, at half paft eleven difcovered a .- large fhip running clofe along fhore to the weftward, which they foon perceived, by her not anfwering the private fignal, to be an enemy's frigate. Captain Horton, who was -the fenior officer, not feeing any profpea of bringing her to aaion, without decoying her off the land ; for this purpofe tacked, which had the defired effea ; the Frenchman im mediately gave chace: at one o'clock foe arrived within piftol foot of the floops, when a clofe and brifk aaion com menced, and continued till a quarter before three, when " theenerny made fail. As foon as the floops had repaired the damage which they had fuftainedin their rigging, &c. they ' * Captain Hanfon was alieutcnant with Captain Vancouver in the" Chatham. went NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 36l Went in purfuit of the enemy. At four, three Strange fails A.D. were difcovered, which proved to be La Loire, Captain l8o° Newman j^Danae, Capt. Lord Proby ; and Railleur, Cap tain Turquand, which immediately joined in the chace. The next morning Captain Newman came up with the enemy clofe in fhore under the Seven Iflands, where fhe was Supported by a battery: , after an aaion of two hours and ten minutes, She ftruck, and proved to be La Pallas national frigate, never before at fea, mounting 42 guns, and 350 men, on her paffage to Breft. La Loire had two killed} three midfhipmen and 16 men wounded. Railleur, two killed, and four wounded. Fairy, four killed ; Captain Horton, the purfer, and feven feamen wounded. Harpy, one. killed, three wounded. The Pallas was added to the navy, and called La Pique. Captains Horton and Bazely were foon after promoted to poft rank, for their gallant behaviour. , On the 6th of February the Channel fleet failed on a cruize off Breft, under the command of Admiral Sir Alan Gardner.* On the 25th, Captain Edward Brace, in the Kangaroo brig floop of war, being on a cruize off the coaft of Ire land, brought to aaion a French brig privateer, of 18 guns, which, after a warm contefl of an hour and fifty mi nutes, made fail and got off; the Kangaroo was too much crippled in her rigging, &c. to purfue the en.my ; foe had alfo 44 officers andjnen away in prizes^fix unable to attend their quarters, fix wounded, and four centinels over 78 prifoners on board. On the 5th of March, the Phoebe, of 36 guns, Captain Robert Barlow, being on a cruiz&.off the coaft of Ireland, , obferved in the morning a fhip bearing down upon him, which, on her arriving within mufket foot, difcovered her error, (having mistaken the Phcebe for an'Eaft-Indiamah,) and hauled-her wind, opening at the fame time a well- di reaed and fpirjted fire, in hopes to difable the Phcebe in her rigging, and by that means effea her efcape; the ene my was, however, foon compelled to Strike, paying dear for his temerity, having 18 men killed, and 25 "wounded. . » Appendix, Chap. II. No. 393; . She 3fj'2 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. She was the Hereiax, mounted- with 22 brafs twelve 1800 pounders, and 220 men. The Phcebe had one man killed, and five wounded, two of them mortally.' L'Hereux was purchafed by government, and added to the navy. ¦ On the 1 Oth of March, the Repulfe, of 64 guns, Cap tain James Alms, was loft on the coaft of France, of which the following are the particulars : > The Repulfe was one of the fhips belonging to the Channel fleet, but had been detached by Sir Alan, Gardner to cruize off the Penmarks, , for the purpofe of intercepting provision veffels going to Breft. On Sunday the 9th of March, there came on a fudden and violent gale of wind, and the rolling ofthe fhip occafioned an accident to Cap tain Alms, who,' while Handing near the companion ladder, was thrown down it, by which one of his ribs was broken, and he was difabled from doing any further duty on the ' deck. For two or three days the weather had been fo thick, that it was not poffible to make any obfervation, arid the cur rent had driven "the Ship fo far out of her reckoning, that about ten o'clock on the night of the 10th, the Repulfe ftruck on a funken rock, fuppofed to be the Mace, about 25 leagues S. E. of Ufhant. She was, then going about fix knots an hour. The Ship continued Striking on the rock near three quarters of an hour before She could be brought to wear, and the water rufhed in fo fail, that, the lower deck was foon flooded. By great exertion the ^'P was kept afloat long enough to be able to approach the coaft near Qriimper; and at half paft ten o'clock, Captain ^lms and the Ship's company quitted her, and made good a landing on, one of the Glenen iflands, about two miles from the continent. The peafantry on the ifland gave every affiftance; foe captain and officers were made pri foners, and fent to Quimper, except Mr..Rothery, the firft • lieutenant, Mr. Finn, the mafter, two, midfhipmen, and eight feamen, who got into the large cutter and arrived at Guernfey on the fourth day after leaving the fhip, during - which time they experienced bad weather, and were at times nearly perifhing. Early in March Lord Bridport refumed the command of the Channel fleet, and failed from Torbay on the 15th with fifteen NAVAL CHRONOLOGY- 3t}3 fifteen fail of the line and four frigates, to join Sir A)an A.D. Gardner off Breft ; his Lordfhip was joined off the Sound 1800 by three fail of the line.* 1 On the 13th, Lieutenant John Creffelman, ofthe Druid, was tried by a courtrmartial on board the Gladiator in. Portfmouth harbour, for abfenting himfelf from the Ship without leave, at various times, and for drunkennefs. The charges being in part proved, the Court adjudged him to be difmiffed from his Majefty's fervice, and render ed incapable of ever Serving, as a commiffioned officer again. On the 15th of March, the Danae frigate, commanded by Captain Lord Proby, being one bf the fhips employed to watch the French fleet in Breft, was taken poffeffion of by part of the fhip's company, and given , up to the enemy. , The following are the particulars refpeaing the mutiny : The Danae, , on the 14th of March, had chafed an armed brig, and her convoy, into CamaretBay. At nine o'clock at night on the 15th, Jackfon, one of the captains of the fore-top, (a native of Liverpool) being in foe maftef's watch, affifted by fome prifoners, and a part of the Ship's company, forty-one in number, having been all fworn to fecrecy, rufoed on the quarter-deck, knocked down the mafter, and cut him Severely over the head ; (this was the fignal for revolt) they then threw him down the main hatchway, battened down the grating of the hatchways, ¦ over which they placed the boats, and filled them with foots, by which means the reft of the crew were prevented from retaking the Ship; they then pointed Some guns aft, and fired through the cabin, but hurt no perfon. Lord Proby hearing the noife, with his officers attempted to get up the * ladder of the- quarter-deck, but was feverely cut over the head, and all forced into the cabin, and Sentinels placed over them. Jackfon then fleered for Camaret Bay, came to anchor, and fent the jolly boat on' board La Colbmbe French national brig, of 18 guns. . The lieutenant of La Colombe returned with, fome foldiers, and afked Lord Proby to whom he' Surrendered ? he Spiritedly anfwered, " to the French nation, 'but' not to mutineers." Both veffels then fleered for Bi eft, where they arrived on the 17th, after being chaced feveral hours by the Anfon and * Appendix, Chap. IL, No. 3,94. Boadicea 364 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY* A.D. Boadicea frigates, the commanders of which were deceived :8o° by Jackfon hoifting the horary and numerical fignals, they therefore fuppcfed the Danae was in chace of an enemy. Lord Proby had very fortunately thrown out ofthe cabin window, and funk the box with lead to it which contained all the private fignals. Lord Proby and the officers were landed at Breft; but the crew> including the mutineers, • were all marched to Dinan prifon, to the aftqnifhment ofthe mutineers. Admiral Brueyes, ' commandant of marine, and all the French officers, behaved with great politenefs and attention to Lord Proby and his officers, expreflihg their ut- -ter deteftation at the condua. of the mutineers. Captain Jacobe, of the Bellone, of 44 guns, captured off the Raffes the 1 ith of Oaober, 1798, by the Melampus, of 36 guns, Captain Moore, aaed in a noble manner, as he changed all the -officers' Bank of England notes, and gave them Louis d'ors. Mr. Thomas Hendry, foe furgeon ; Mr. Thomas Mills, the purfer; and Mr. Giles, captain's clerk, were per mitted to return to England pii their parole. ' Jackfon, the principal, was fecretary. to Parker in the mutiny of the year 1797. Some of the mutineers have been fince taken, tried by a court-martial, and executed. On the 23d, Admiral Sir Alan Gardner returned from the Channel fleet with feven fail of the line and a frigate to refit.* On the 25th, Lieutenant Philip Griffin, of his Ma jefty's fhip Refolution, was difmiffed the fervice by the fentence of a court-martial, for having detained in his hands the fum often pounds, the property of a feaman be longing to the Fury bomb veffel. On the 26th, Captain Griffiths, in the Atalante, with the Plover and Terrier hired brigs,, being employed off Dunkirk to watch the four French frigates which had been blocked up in the bafon about two years, obferving on that. day the largeft Ship come out and anchor in the roads, fent the French commodore the following Spirited letter : " His Majefty's Ship Atalante, off Dunkirk, " March 26, 1800. « I take the opportunity of a Newport fifhing boat to fend you my congratulations on your relea'fe frominaai- * Appendix, Chap. II. No; 395. vity NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 365 vity fo long at Dunkirk, and \to welcome your egrefs A.D. thence. ' l8o° " The boat affords me a profpea of communicating to you that'I have the honour to be charged with a little fqua dron, (as per margin*) for the purpofe of watching the motions Of yourfelf andconforts. Your force is reported to me to be 46 guns. Relying on the acknowledged polite nefs of your national charaaer, I have to hope that (as fuch a ferwce becomes irkfome amid the Shoals which, Surround you,) you will give us a chance of putting an end to it, by a meeting when you may feel difpofed. In this wifh I am moft cordially joined by my affociates Captain Galway and Lieutenant Donovan. On the honour of a Britifh1 officer I promife you, that Should fuccefs attend you, you fhall be at full liberty to takeoffall you foall conquer unmolefted ; and f expea from the fame fource an equal liberty, fhould fuccefs attend us. I am fure I need not point out that common politenefs requires you fhould give us an anfwer ; and the fame boat can bring it, my word being paffed for a, free return, either to her, or any other conveyance you may think proper. " I have the honour to be, Sir, " Your moft obedient very humble fervant, " A. J. Griffiths. " To the Commodore commanding " the French National Fri— " gate in Dunkirk Road." On the 9th of April, the Mayflower privateer, being on a cruize off Cape Pinas, fell in with, and after a brifk ac tion of nearly five hours, captured Le Troifieme Trailleur, French privateer, of 14 guns and 68 men, three of whom were killed, and 5 wounded ; the Mayflower one man killed, and four wounded. She alfo qaptured the Neptune French privateer, having on board General Des Fourneaux and fuite, bound to Guadaloupe. On the 1 oth of April, a veffel of a very fingular con- ftruaion, projeaed by Mr. Gower, an officer in the fer- * Plover, 18, fix pounders, and 8 carronades, 12 pounders, in men, Captain Edward Galway. Atalante, 14 carronades, 24 pounders, 2 long fix pounders, 112 men, Captain Anflem John Griffiths. Terrier, 14 fourponnders, 46 men, Lieutenant R. Donovan. S6Q NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. vice ofthe Eaft-India Company, was launched frdm a flip 1800 atltchenor, on the Chichefter river. She was named the Tranfit, and is to carry five mafts. .,, On the 1 8th of April, a fquadron of fhips of wary armed en flute, having on board a large body of troops^ failed from Torbay to the weftward, on a fecret expe< dition.* - . On the 24th, Admiral Lord Bridport having. refigned -the command of the Channel fleet, Sir Alan Gardner pro ceeded to fea with it, tocruizeoff Breftvr On the 26th, Admiral Earl St. Vincent hoifted his flag on board the Namur, and failed with the reft of the fleet to join and take the command off Breft. On the 5th of May, Lieutenant J. Wright, in the Lady Ann hired armed lugger, on her return to Yarmouth Roads from looking into Flufhing, fell in with, offGoree, Les Huit Freres, French lugger privateer of 14 guns, which, after a clofe aaion of one hour and thirty-five mi nutes, She compelled to Strike. On the 13th oS May, the Seahorfe frigate, Captain Ed ward James Foote, failed for the Mediterranean, having on board the flag of Sir Richard Bickerton, with General Sir Ralph Abercromby, Major Generals Hutehinfon and Moore. On the 15th, the Marquis of Kildare Lifbon packet waS re-captured by Captain Newman, late of the Jane packet, which had been taken by a French privateer. The circum ftances relating to it are as follows: — Captain Newman had been permitted to go to Lifbon With fome of his people, and on the 29th of April took his paffage for Falmouth oti board the above Ship. A fortnight after they Were .taken" 'by a French privateer; the captain, officers, and Crewr were taken out, leaving five men of the Jane's crew or! board, as likewife a lady, with her tick brother and' father, and three of the Marquis of Kildare's people, who had riitf themfelves ; they then put a prize mafter on board, with 1 7 Frenchmen, and ordered her for Corunna. Three days afterwards' being in fight of' the above place, diftant about eight leagues, CaPtain Newman Sound means to poffefs - himSelf of the captain'^ piftols, and one of the Jane's p£o- • Appendix, Chap. II. No. 396. ¦f Appendix, Chap. II. No. 397. pl» NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 367 pie feized his cutlafs ; the others jumped abaft the tiller A.D. rope, and" got hold of the boarding pikes, when they made. 1809 a rufh at the Frenchmen, and drove them off the deck ; took poffeffion of the, fhip; Captain Newman then gave them the long boat with fome fruit and wine, and what bread could be Spared, and turned them adrift, eighteen in number. The Marquis of Kildare, after experiencing many difficulties reached St. Ives in Cornwall on the 31ft of May. * Early in the month of June, Sir Edward Pellew was fent by Earl St. Vincent, with a' fquadron of fhips of war, having on board a detachment of troops, under the com mand of Major General Maitland,* in order to land and endeavour to affitt the Royalifts and Chouans in Qufoeam bay and the Morbihan. On the 4th,. the forts on the, fouth weft end of Quiberon were Silenced by the fire from the fhips of war, a body of troops landed under the command of Major Ramfay, arid the forts were deftroyed ; feveral veffels brought off, and fome fcuttled, with the lofs of only two meij -killed and one wounded on board the Cynthia. On the morning of trte 6th, before day light, ,300 of the Queen's regiment were landed in the Morbihan, and with the gun launches and naval force under the command of Lieutenant Pinfold, of the Impetueux, brought off two brigs, two floops, two gun veffels, and about 100 prifoners; LMnfoiente. brig corvette of 18 guns, was boarded with much bravery by Lieutenant Pinfold, who was obliged to burn her with feveral other- veffels ; the guns on the forts deftroyed, and magazines' blown up. On this fervice, one feaman was killed, arid fome flightly wounded. On the night of the 1 71I1, Sir Edward Pellewand Gene ral Maitland had intended to make an attack upon Bellifle; but fome circumftances occurred to prevent it, which occa- fioned it being poftponed. The night of the ,19th was next fixed on; but on the morning of that day, the general re ceived intelligence, that the forces on the ifland amounted to 7000. With Such a Superiority on the part of the enemy, it was thought neceffary to defer the attempt. The Britifh, troops were landed and encamped on the ifland oi Houat, from whence they embarked bn board the trbcp Ships and proceeded for the Mediterranean. * Appendix, Chap. II. No., 398. On 368 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. On the 12th of June, a caufe of great importance to the r8ao fej-vice was decided in the Court of Common Pleas. Trie Queftion was, whether the Junior Admirals in the Fleet have a Right to a part of the third of freight money allowed- to" the Commander in Chief. The caufe was brought on by Sir William Parker, who claimed for himfelf and the junior admirals of the fleet, under Earl St. Vincent, their Share of the admirals third of freight money, which he received from Captain John Moore Mansfield, of the Andromache frigate. *¦ The claim of Sir William Parker as plaintiff, was found- , ed on a foppofed ufage of the navy in fimilar cafes ; and 1 Lord St. Vincent had declined acceding to it, he (Serjeant Shepherd, who opened the cafe for the plaintiff) had no doubt from a conviaion that this ufijge did not exift to that degree, to render the claim legal. There is no particular law on the fubjea, to fettle the difference of opinion be tween the parties. It was, therefore, for the jury to de termine, from the evidence he would have the hbnour of laying before them, whether the ufages of the navy were'fo , ¦ general, on the point of allowing to the junior admirals of a fleet, a fhare of freight-money, as to entitle him to their verdia ? The firft witnefs called, was Admiral Wolfeley. He Hated, that in 1762', he commanded the Alarm frigatej on the Havannah (ration: — That Sir George Pocock was thfe commander in chief, and that Admiral Keppel Served as junior admiral under him — that his fliip was employed to Carry part of the treafure taken at the Havannah to Ja maica — that he was paid the freight of this treafure-r-thar he lodged a third <5f the freight in the hands of Admiral' Keppelrt agent, in Jamaica, by defire of Sir George Po cock, who alfo' defired him to tell Admiral Keppel, then. at Jamaica, to remit this third, after deduaing his third from it, to his (Sir George Pocock's) agent in London. — Admiral Wolfeley believed this diflributionno be the refult, not of any particular agreement between the parties, but of - the genera! ufage of the navy. Lord Hotham was next called : he ftated, that he fer.ved under Lord Howe, all the time he commanded on the American flat ion, from 1776 to 1780, as a junior Ad miral;, that during that 'time he had frequently been paid' his fhare of freight money as a junior admiral, that his Share NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 86f/ (hare was|, when there was only one junior admiral, a A-D^ third of the third of the commander in chief; but when -q there was more than one junior admiral, a half of the com-. martder in chief's fhare was divided amongft them ; that he afterwards had the command in. chief on the Mediter ranean Station upon Lord Hood's coming home in 1794, that there were one or more junior Admirals who fefved under him, during the time he had the command, and that he always paid them a fhare of any money arifing from freight^ conceiving it to be their right. Admiral Caldwell ftated, that in 1796, he had the com- ' m-and on the Weft India ftation ; that during that time, he had twice received freight money ; that both times he had paid Admiral Thompfon, who ferved under him, a third or his third of the freight money ; and that he would not have' paid, nor would Admiral Thompfon have re ceived this money, had he on the one hand, not thought that, Admiral Thompfon's claim was juft, and Admiral Thompfon oh the other, not thought that he was entitled to it. . Admiral Bligh faid, that he had ferved from 1796 to 1799, as junior Admiral, under Sir Hyde Parker, on the Weft India ftation ; that during the firft four months he was the only junior admiral j and that then he had received a third of all money arifing from freights ; that during the remainder ofthe time there were two or more junior Ad mirals, and that then the half of the commander in chief's third was divided among them ; and that this happened in more than a dozen inftances. Admiral Pole faid, that he had ferved in 1794 and 1795. ¦as junior Admiral, under Admiral Harvey, on the Barba does ftation; that during that time he had received from the commander in chief, a fb^re of fome freight money, Jjut that he did not know what that fffare was, as he trufted to the known accuracy of Admiral Harvey. Caleb O'Brien faid, that he commanded the Refiftance , frigate, in 1781, on the Weft India Station ; that Admiral Gambier was at that time commander in chief on that Sta tion, and that Sir Francis Knowles ferved under him as a junior admiral ; that he then brought home fome money in the Refinance ; jhat he received the freight, and paid, iby order of Admiral Gambier, his third of the freight to Sir Charles Middleton, his banker ; that Sir Francis . Vol. lit. B b Knowles, 376 ' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A. D. Knowles, on making up his accounts found that he had not *8oo Deen p^ hjs fhaj-eof this freight money, and demanded it from the witnefs; that it was taken from the hands of Sir Charles Middleton, and paid- to Sir Francis ; and that Ad miral Gambier was afterwards informed of this, and made no objeaions. Mr. Hunter faid, that he was agent, and had been for many years, for Lord Duncan ; and that he had paid on Lord Duncan's account to Admiral Pringle, who ferved under' him as a junior admiral, fome freight money; but that Since that time, Lord Duncan had- received a dozen of times freight money, and that he had never paid any of it to junior admirals, though junior admirals ^were then ferv- ing under him. This was the fubftance qf the evidence, on the part of the plaintiff, to eftablilh the uSage. Mr. Park, the leading counfel for trie defendant, agreed, that if this ufage was eflablifhed to be the univeffal and invariable ufage of the navy, the plaintiff would be entitled tothe verdia of the jury ; but he contended, that this evidence had not eftablifoed the faa : he made feme animadversions on the teftimony which had been given. Before the year 1762, the exiftence of the ufage was riot pretended to be proved, and Admiral Wolfeley 's evidence only went to an individual inftance, which might, for any thing that appeared, be the refult of private agreement. Next in order of time, was the evidence of Lord Hotham,; / - refpefting the ufage upon this point of Lord Howe; in 1776, and from that time, ta 1780. He allowed that this might be the praaice of Lord Howe ; but his praaice, however high his authority on all other naval fubjeas; could not alone eftablifo a ufage to be univerfal and inva riable. As to the condua of Admiral Hotham himfelf, when he had the chief command in the Mediterranean, he , would be excufed if he could give it a little weight, becaufe he might be confidered merely as a pupil from the School , of Lord Howe, and as adopting the praaices of that great and noble admiral. The reft of the evidence related fo later periods, and when in opposition to the faas which had been ftated, he could place the opinion and condua of the plaintiff in this canfe, Lord St. Vincent himfelf, who certainly had not refilled the demand of his junior admirals on any other ground, than becaufe he was confcientioufly con« Naval Chronology. 37l convin'ced that the demand was not juft ; of Lord Duncan, A. D. who had alfo refilled fuch demands; and of the opinion I^Q0 and praaice of Lordr Hood, whom .he would prefently have the honour of examining; he thought that the ufage though pradlifed in fome cafes, was far from being fo uni- verfal as to juftify the demand of the plaintiff: he would call his witneffes, and leave it to the" jury to determine from the whole of the evidence under the direaion of his lordfhip, whether this ufage was proved fo as "to entitle the plaintiff to a verdia ? He then' called Lord Hood, who Slated, that he had been fixty years in the naval fervice of - his country. He had never heard of any claim of junior admirals upon the third Share of all the freight money paid to the commander in chief, till after he returned from the1 command of the Mediterranean fleet in 1794. After that time, his agent informed him that fome claims had been made by the junior admirals who had ferved under him, to a fhare of fome freight money which he had received when he commanded on that flariqn. He wrote to his • agent to distribute the fhares claimed; but uppn hearing that Lord St. Vincent and Lord Duncan had refitted fuch claims, he began to make enquiries as to the juftice of the claims, and in the end demurred to the payment: he had ferved about a year as junior admiral, under Lord Rodney, in the Weft Indies, and he himfelf had never received any freight money ; and afterwards when Lord Rodney re signed the command, and when he fucceeded to it, he had never paid any to junior admirals. While he commanded at that time, on- that ftation, no, freight money was reciyedj fo that it could not be distributed, and he never heard of any being received when he ferved as junior admiral. Qrt the circumftance being mentioned, Lord Hood remem bered that Adrniral Cofby had once retained a fhare of fome freight money, while he ferved as junior admiral under him, in the Mediterranean. Lord Hood appealed to Lord Hotham, who had ferved under him as junior admiral in the Mediterranean, if he had ever paid him a fhilling of freight money. " I kept it all myfelf," faid Lord Hood. . " You did my Lord," faid Lord Hotham ; " but I thought I was entitled to a part pf it." Mr. Alford, agent for Lord St. Vincent, faid, that fince he had been agent for that noble admiral, he had frequently received freight money on his account, before the prefent B b 2 difpute 372 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY.' A.D. difputej, arofe, and that he had never been authorized to ifloo pay an„ fhare 0f ;t to junior admirals, though feveral had ferved under Lord St. Vincent at the time. Mr. Serjeant Shepherd Replied in a very able manner to the arguments ofthe defendant's counfel. He reviewed the evidence which had been adduced in fupport of his cafeJS ¦ Shewed its .inadequacy to invalidate that which he had! brought forward to prove the exiftence of the ufage' ; ably reconciled the teftimony of Lord Hood, with that of his own witneffes; put in a clear and Strong point of view the fubftance of their evidence, and infilled that the refult of all that had been ftated was, that the ufage was general in the fervice of the navy. His whole addrefs to the jury was luminous and animated. ' ^ Lord Elden, in his charge to the jury, entered minutely into the details of the evidence, and ftated it clearly as his opinion, upon the whole that had been adduced, that the ufage •was fully eftablifoed. If the jury fhould be of his opinio^, they would give their verdia for the plaintiff. But befides this point of faa, which they had to determine, he ftated, , that there is a point of law refpeaing the confideratjrin ' upon which the claims of junior admirals is founded, (tvlr. Percival*, in his opening for the defendant, and Serjeant Shepherd in his reply, both Shortly adverted to this.) Hi's lordfhip thought that fuch confiderations upon fuch claims as this are founded, ought not to be' minutely examined , into. If this uSage contributes to the good of the fervice; this confideration ought at once to make it legal. 'If he was wrong in his opinion, hewould have an opportunity of .being afterwards fet right by a foperior judgment to his.' , , The, jury found for the plaintiff, in 5I. us. and a frac- . tion. , , m On the morning ofthe nth of June, Sir John Borlafe Warren difpatched the boats, of his fquadron,* under the command of Lieutenants Burke, Jones, Green, Gerrard, , Stomp, and Price, toattack, and endeavour to bring out a SiiPs- Guns. Commanders. , ':'.>,;,, Renown, 74. 5 Rear Admiral Sir J. B. Warren, 1 "' ,';' _i . I Capt- T. Eyles. Defence, - 74 _-_ Lord H. Powlett. , Frigard, - - 44 T. b. Martin. Vmcorn, - 3j D. Wilkinfon. * convoy NAYAL CHRONOLOGY. 373 convoy ofthe enemy which he had obferved at anchor,- at St. A.D. Croix, within the Penmaiks. This fervice they performed l8o° m a moft refolute and gallant manner, in oppofition to a heavy battery, three armed veffels, and a conttant fire of mufquetry from the fhore. They brought off the three armed veffels and eight others laden with fupplies for the fleet at Breft ; the reft amounting to twenty fail, run upon the rocks,' and many of them were loft. Four men were wounded in tbe boats. On the 23d, a more defperate attack was made by the boats ol the fame fquadron, on the enemy's veffels of war and convoy in Qiiimper River. The attack was made urtder the immediate direaions of Captain Thomas Byron Martin, of .the Fifgard, on board of whofe fhip the boats were ordered to rendezvous. At day-light in the morning, they arrived off the entrance ofthe river, and in cumttances of the lofs of his Majefty's fhip Danae, and tq try Captain Lord Proby, his officers, and fhip's company, for their condua upon that occafion. And having heard the evidence produced and completed the inquiry ; and having maturely and deliberately weighed and confidered the whole; the court is qf opinion that the lofs of his Majefty's late Ship the Danae, was cauSed by a mutiny of part of the crew, which took place on board her the 14th of March laft, who obtained poffeftibn of the Ship; navigated her to Conqueft, in France, and delivered ' her up To french troops. That Captain Lord PrOby, her officers,, and thofe of the fhip's company now prefent, and whofe names are Stated in the minutes, made' every exertion in their power to quell the mutiny, and preferve his Majefty's fhip Danae; and doth adjudge them to be acquitted. And the faid Cap tain Lord Proby, his" officers, and thofe of the faid fhip's company nqw prefent, are hereby honqurably acquitted ac, cordingly, On NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 375 On the 25th, Vice Admiral Sir WiUiam Parker failed A.D. in the America, to take the command of his Majefty's l8*° (quadron»at Halifax, On the 26th of June, a court-martial was held on board the Gladiator, in Portfmouth harbour, to try Cap tain James Alms, his officers, and fhip's company; for the lofs of his Majefty's fhip the Repulfe, on the coaft of France. After a thorough investigation of the bufinefs, the court was of opfnion, that Mr. Rothery, the firft lieu tenant, and Mr> Finn, the mafter, had been guilty of dif. obeying the captain's orders; fentenced them to be dif miffed his Majefty's fervice, and rendered incapable of ever ferving, again. That CaP(ain Alms, his other officers, and fhip's company are honourably acquitted. On the 27th, Mr. William O'Ke.lly, furgeon' of the Sparkler gun veffel, was fentenced by a court-martial, to be two years imprifoned in the Marfhalfea, and to forfeit all his pay ; for behaving in a mutinous and diforderly manner, clifobedience of orders, and for Snapping a piftol at the fen- tinel when under arreft. On the ift of July, Sir John Borlafe Warren having re? ceived information that a fhip war, with a large cOnvoy of ' the enemy, wereTlying within the ifland of Noirmoutier, deftinecj, to Breft, with provifions, &c. or the fleet, was determined to attempt the deftruaion. of thefe veffels; he therefore anchored in the bay of Bourneuf, and direaed the boats of the fquadron * to rendezvous on board the Fifgard, and follow the orders of Captain Martin. The enemy's armed veffels and convoy, were lying within the fands in Bourneuf bay, moored in a Strong pofition of defence, and under the proteaion of fix heavy batteries, at the fouth eaft part of Noirmoutier, befides flanking guns, on every pro- jeaing point. Chaplain Martin having made a judicious arrangement of the attack, by forming the boats into three divifions, under the direaions of Lieutenant Burke, dif patched them from the fhip fome tripe after dark. At twelve o'clock they refolutely boarded, and after much re fiftance and confiderable lofs on, the part ofthe enemy, got, Stops. Guns. Commanders, Renown, . 74 Rear Ad. Sir J. B. Warren, . ' '~ Capt. T. Eyles, Pefence, - 74 — ; — Lord H. Powlett, Fifgard, ^ 44 _^ T. B, Martin. B b 4 poffeffion , 37t> -NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, A. D. poffeffion of the fhip of war, four armed veffels, and fifteen, 1800 merchantmen; the whole of which were burnt, on finding it impoffible to bring them out. Oh the return < f the boats, after having performed this effential fervio , they. unfortunately took the ground, and in lefs than ten minutes were, perfeaiy dry, by which unlucky circumftance they became expofed to a continued fire from ihe fort*, and 400 French' foldiers formed in the rear ; but in oppofuion to this, they determined to attack other veffels ot tne enemy, and endeavoured to Secure one fufficiently large io receive all the party, which they accomplished ; and wirh -great in-: , trepidity, exertion, and Strength, drew her upwards of two. miles over the fands, until they were up to their pecks in. Water before She would float. Notwithftanding this hold,- perfevering and defperate enterprise, 4 officers and 88 of thefe Jjrave fellows were made prifoners. A Lift of the Veffels taken and burnt by the Boats of his. Majefty's Ships, Renown, . Fifgard, and Defence, the. 2d of July 1800, with the number Of Officers and Men employed on that Service, under the orders of Captain, Martin. Armed Veffels. . ' f Ship la Terefe, 20 guns; a lugger of 12 guns, two fchooner gun-boats of fix guns each, one cutter of fix guns. Total 50 guns. -Merchant Veffels. Fifteen fail, all laden (as well as the armed veffels) with flour, corn, provifions, bale goods, and fhip timbers, for the fleet at Breft. Number of Men, employed. Renown— Three officers, 4 petty officers,' 37 feamen, and 20 marines. / Fifgard— Two officers, 2 petty officers, 31 feamen, and 13 marines. " 1 Defence— Two officers, 5 petty officers, 45 feamen,. and 28 marines. ' , - Total NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 37f Total — Seven officers, n petty officers, 113 feamen, A.D- $1 marines. *8oo Number of Men who forced a Retreat. " : Renown, 28 ; Fifgard, 46 ; Defence, 26— Total 100, Number of Men taken Prifoners. 'Renown — One officer, 1 petty officer, 21 feamen, and 13 marines. — Total 36. , Fifgard — Twp feamen. Defence — Three petty officers, 30 feamen, and 21 ma rines. — Total 54. Total— Qne officer, 4 petty officers, 53 feamen, aruj 154 marines.' Officers Names Employed. Renown — Lieutenant Burke, Thompfon and Balling- hall, marines, (wounded and prifoners}. Fifgard — Lieutenants Dean and Gerrard, marines. Defence — Lieutenants Garret and Hatton, marines. On the 2d of July, Lieutenant William Walker, com manding the Sparkler gun veffel, was difmiffed the fervice, by the fentence of a court-martial, on a charge of having repeat edly anfwered at the time of mutter, for men who ran away from trie boat, and Said they were on liberty ; and alfo for having anfwered for his own child, aged one year, rated A. B. and faid he Was on Shore on duty ; and for having fent one of the fhip's company (then on boardj affuming the name of Wi"iam Walker, his fon, and received five pounds bounty at Portfmouth ; and for having fhortened the frefh provifions from 'the Ship's company, and' drew it on Shore for the ufe of his own table ; and fent fait herrings on board, which he vended to the crew without a vegetable of any fpecie, and that he alfo drew the full provifions for fifty men, that complement not being complete. On the night of the 9th of July, the fquadron of frigates, fire-fhips, &c. under the command of Captain Henry inman, of the, Andromeda, made an attempt to take or deftroy 378 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. deftroy the French frigates in Dunkirk Roads.* The jSoo £)art floop of war, commanded by Captain Patrick Camp bell, flood in, in the moft gallant manner, and with intrepid bratfery boarded, carried, and brought off, after a defperate refiftance, La Defiree, of 40 guns, and 350 men. The fire-fhips followed ; but the moment the enemy difcovered them to be in flames, they cut their cables, and flood down. the inner Channel within the Break Sand : the nexfmorning they regained their anchorage without our Ships being able to moled or cut them off. The lots fuftained in this at- tack, was one man killed on board the Dart, Lieutenant James M'De.rmeit badly wounded, and 10 men; Comet, two wounded ; Bi(er> two wounded ; Ami cutter, one .wounded; Kent cutter, one wounded. Several of the French officers and meri who were taken . on board the Defiree, being very badly wounded, Captain Inman fent them the next morning into Dunkirk with the following letter to the French commodore;; *' Andromeda, off Dunkirk, July 8, 1 809, " Sir, " Motives of humanity have induced me to fend one of his Britannic Majefty's Cutters, under my command, with fome unfortunate wounded officers and men of La De^ firee. Ships. Andromeda - Babet Nemefis. DartWafp(F.V.) Falcon (F. V.) Comet (bomb) Rofario (F. V.) gaily Ships. Pourfuivant Carmagnole IncorruptibleDefiree , ' * British force. Guns. Commanders. Gun Vejfeh, (sfc. 32 H. Jnman. , Boxer - Lt Gilbert. 20 J . Mainwaring. Teafer - — Robins.' *8- I\ Baker. Biter - — Norrnan. 36 P. Campbell. Stag - — Humphreys 16 J.Edwards. Nile - — Whitehead^ 14 H. S. Brett. Ann - — Young. 14 T. Leaf. Kent - — Corbah. 14 J. Carthew. 22 R. Williams. Vigilant - — Dean. French Force. Guns. 40 Commodore. 5°40 40 Taken ' The three forty gun frigates carried 24 pounders on the main deck} the fifty, 18 pounders. <« I truft NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 379 *' I truft the flag of truce will be permitted to return A.D. without lofs of time, and that you will have the goodnefs ,8o° to tranfmit me, by the fame conveyance, a proper receipt, acknowledging their parole/ which their wounds will not fuffer them at prefent to give me without confiderable delay, that might be of ferious confequence to them. " I am, Sir, " Your moft obedient humble fervant, " Henry Inman, " To thf Commanding Officer *' of the French Squadron *' in Dunkirk Roads." To which the French Commodore replied, " Dunkirk, igth Meffidor, St A Tear , - "of the Republic. « Sir, " I thank you in the name of my unfortunate wounded countrymen; for your conduct towards them. «' Your letter was given me by the Englifh officer who brings this back. " You will find enclofed'the lift of the French officers and feamen he has landed, with the receipt, which wilf, in the exchange of prifoners, account for men to your govern ment. '* I have the honor to be, Sir, " Commodore Gastag nie R, *s To Captain In man, commanding " the Englifh Squadron off Dun- ?« kirk." Captain Campbell was promoted to poft rank, for his gallant conduct in cutting out La Defiree, and appointed toxommand the Ariadne, Captain Inman was given the command of La DeGree. On the 1 2th of July, the, ceremony of laying the firft Stone of the wet dpcks at the Ifle of Dogs, was performed by the. Right Honourable Lord Loughborough, Lord v Chancellor ; the Right Honourable William Pitt, firft L°rd Commiffipner of the TreaSury, and Chancellor of the Exchequer ; George Hibbert, Efq. the chairman, and Robert Milligan, Efq. the deputy chairman, of the Weft- fndia Dock Company, The Stone was prepared with two rpceffes, 380 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. receffes, each to contain a bottle, in one of which was 1800 depofited the feveral coins, (gold, filver, and copper,) of his 'ptefent Majefty's reign ; and in the other an appro--. ' , pr'iate infeription, in Englifh and Latin. , . On the night of the 29th of July, one bf the moft defpe- rate and heroic exploits was under'akerf by Mi. J. re- nriah Coghlan, acting lieutenant, commanding the Viper cutter, that has been hitherto recorded. - This gallant young man, when watching port Louis, thought he could fucceed in boarding fome of the enenH's cutters and gun-velfels, which he had obferved , moy iig about the entrance of that harbour; and for this purpVfe, he intreated Sir Edward Pellew, of the Impetueux, who was ftationed off this port, to let him have a ten oared cut-' "ter, with twelve volunteers, which being granted, ne, with Mr. Silas Padden, midfhipman, and fix of his men, making in all 20, accompanied by his own boat, and one from the Amethyft, determined , to board a; gun brig, mounting three long 24 pounders, and four fix pounders, ,full of men, mooted with fprings on her cables, in a naval port of difficult accefs, within piftol foot of three batteries, furrounded by feveral armed" craSt; and not a mile Srom a ^4, bearing an admiral's flag, and two frigates. Undis mayed by Such formidable appearances, fhe early difcovery of his approach, (for the enemy were at quarters,) arid the two other boats at a confiderable; diftance, Mr. C>ghlan bravely determined to attack alone, and boarded the brig on the quarter; but unfortunately, in the dark, jumping into a trawl net hung up to dry, he was pierced through the thigh with a pike, and feveral of his men hurt, and all knocked back into the boat. Unchecked in ardour, they hauled the boat further a- head, again boarded, and maintained againft 87 men, 16 of whom were foldiers, an obftinate conflicf, killing fix, and wounding 20, among whom was every officer belong ing to her. Mr. Coghlan's bravery was at length crowned with fuccefs, bringing off his prize frorn under the fire of the batteries, and feveral fmall armed veffels which lay around her. This daring enterprize was executed with the lofs of only- one man killed, and eight wounded, including Mr. Coghlan and Mr., Padden, who was, wounded in fix places; he was knocked, with feveral of his party, over, board; NAVAL CHRONOLOGY* 381 board, and twice beat into the boat, notwrthftanding they A.D. returned to the charge with unabated courage. 1800 The brig was Le Cerbere, commanded by a Lieut, de Vaiffeau. The fquadron, to mark their admiration of fuch diffnguifhed and determined bravery, gave her up as a prize to the conquerors. Earl St. Vincent was fo much pleafed- with the intrepid courage of Mr. Coghlan, that he prefented him with a handTome fword. - Captain Junes Wallis, who returned from Jamaica commander of the Brunfwick, charged with the convoy which arrived on the 15th of July : foon after his arrival*' received the following handfome letter from General Le Veaux, whom he brought home a paffenger, and prifoner of war. '* Stephen La Veaux, General of Divifion, to Cap- , tain Wallis, Commander ofthe Brunfwick. " Portfmouth, on board the Brunfwick, Auguft 1, 1800. " Captain, "Gratitude is a debt incumbent on all to render : re ceive then .that which my fon, which Ormancin, and my felf, wifh to offer with^a fenfibility equal to what we feel, for all the obligations we lie under tO you. The delicacy of your conduct fo much alleviated our fituation, as, at times, to make us forget that we were your' prifoners. You are a father and a hufband ! and thereSore feel already the joy I have in view, to behold again a wife and two be loved daughters. It fhall be in the union of this dear fa mily, that we will repeat all we owe to you for fuch hap pinefs. *'• We will inceffantly recall your humanity, your ac tions, your virtues, and the love which you poflefs for your country ! Like you, we regard our own ; and you have had the generofity to allow of us to fpeak of it before you. Nations may declare war, but wife and virtuous men wilt ¦ always efleem each other. . 1, Receive, Captain,1 the fentiments with which we three have the honour to remain. '«' Ste. La Veaux. ' " Ormancin, "La Veaux Fils." -On 382 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. On the 19th of Auguft, the boats of the Wolverene, 1800 with thofe ofthe Sparkler and Force gun brigs, deftroyed two veffels in the bay of Grand Camp, which had taken Shelter under the batteries, which, with about 200 foldiers on the beach, kept up a conttant fire upon them. Three men were wounded, and four ofthe enemy killed. On the 25th, the. fquadron under the command of Sir John Borlafe Warren, with the fhips armed en flute, hav ing on board a large body of troops, arrived off ihe Bay of Playa de Dominos, near Ferrol.* General Sir James Pulteney having defired that the troops might be difem- barked, Sir John Warren directed Sir Edward Pellew tp fuperintend that fervice, affifted by Captains Hood, Dal- , jymple, Fyffe, and SfacBpoole, with Captains Guian, Searle, and Young, which was ably1 performed on the fame night, in the above-mentioned bay, after a fort of eight 24 pounders had been filenced by the fire of the Impetueux, Brilliant, Cynthia, and St. Vincent gun boats ; the whole army were on fhore without the lofs of a man, together with fixteen field pieces, attended by feamen from the men of war; to carry foaling ladders, and to get the guns to the heights above Ferrol. - Immediately the troops landed, they afcended a ridge of hills adjoining to the bay. Juft as they had gained thefummit, the rifle corps fell in with "a part of theenerny, which they drove back,; Lieut.. Colonel Stewart, who commanded this corps, was wounded, At day break on the morning of the 26th, a confiderable body of the enemy was repulfed by the brigade under the v command of Major General the Earl of Cavan," fupported by fome other troops ; this advantage gave the Britifh the complete and undisturbed poffeffion of the heights which overlooked the town and harbour of Ferrol ; but not with out fome lofs, chiefly owing to the fteep and, rocky ground the troops had to march over. Sixteen were killed. Lieu tenant Colonel Stewart ; Captain Hamilton, of the 27th ; Captain Trevors, of the 79th ;- Lieutenant Edmonttone, ofthe 2d battalion ofthe Royals ; and Captain Tbrrens, of the ift battalion of the 53d, (who died of his woundsfand 63 rank and file wounded. On the fame evening the General informed Sir J. War ren, that from the Strength of the country, and the enemy'9 works, no further operations could be carried on, and that * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 399. it NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 383 it was his intention tore-embark the troops ; which fervice A.D* was accomplifhed with great order and regularity before 1800 day-break on the 27th, when the fquadroil proceeded to fea, and the next day arrived off Vigo. EXPEDITION AGAINST FERROL. " SAint Ildephonfe, Sept. I." " Summary of a Difpatch from Citizen Alquier, Ambaffa- dofof the French Republic at Madrid. " Citizen Minifter, " I flatten to fend to you the official details' of a brilliant victory gained by the Spanifh troops over 15,000 Englifh who landed between Cologne and Ferrol. It is an affair extremely fplendid, for it is a fact that there were oppofed to the enemy only 4000 men, compofed of land and fea forces, which were- difpofable, and fome militia. Tlie guri-boats have effected wonders. A floating battery of eight pieces of 24 pounders, was begun and finifoed in five hours. The Englifh, notwithstanding their foperiority of numbers, have been obliged^ to re-embark in diforder, after having a great many killed, and very many wounded,-, be-. Sides experiencing a confiderable lots in-prifonerS., It was their intention to Surprize and burn Ferrol, to poffefs them felves of the fix armed fhips ready to fail from the port, and to deftroy thofe not yet in a ftate to put to fea. Spanifh ' bravery has convinced them that even with foperior force foch an enwrprize was not free'from temerity;" Tranftation of the Extraordinary Gazette of Madrid. " By extraordinary couriers, whom the general com mandant, per interim ofthe department of marine of Ferrol, Don Francifco Melgarejo, has difpatched, ofthe dates ofthe 25th, '26th, and 27th curt, the King has been informed of the following details relative to a landing effecfed by the Englifh at the Place of Doninos, fituate in the vicinity of the faid department. In the morning of the 25th, the watch of Monte- Ventofo perceived at a diftance ot four or five leagues, a fquadron and convoy coafting along to double the Cape of Triotro. They were Scarcely defcried, before 67 fail might be counted, but withdut poffibility of determining with certainty their force, on account of the fettled^ gloom that covered the horizon. The Squadron and convoy 384 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY; A.D. convoy failed along towards the fouth with a light wind un- i°°° til an hour after mid- day, when finding themfelves north- wefti at a diftance of two or three miles, they fleered an eaftern direction, and came along from north to fouth, be tween the low Shore of Doninos and that of Los Rios. . They Shewed by their manoeuvres, that it was their inteft- . tion to, make a landing of troops on the above fhore of Do ninos. The enemy's fquadron was then perceived to confift of ten men of war, of which four were three deckers, feverl" frigates, feven by-landers, and other tranfports. " At four in the evening, the hoftile fquadron and convoy eaft anchor in the bay. Their firft difpofition was to fend ten boats with troops for the purpofe of landing, in which they fucceeded without oppofition, under the protection of two by-landers and a frigate, the fire of which commanded the battery fituate in that place, without its having been poffible for the fmall detachment which was there, to adt any other part than retire in hafte. They then proceeded to land two field pieces and the remainder of the forcej which inftantly marched to gain poffeffion ofthe heights^ " The commandant general of the department, informed of thefe circumftances by the different advices received the fame day Srom the watch of Monte Ventofo, and having no doubt with refpedt to the intentions of the enemy, im mediately made a report to the commandant general of the kingdom of Galicia, Count Donadio, commander ofthe flying camps, and to the governor of the place, in order that they might co-operate efficacioufly for its defence and that of the arfenal, which was evidently the object againft: which the enterprize ofthe enemy was directed. " In confequence, the commandant loft no tjme to furnifh all thefuccours which he could difp'ofe of, after having co vered the pofts of the marine,' and made all the difpofitions which fuch critical circumftances required, already deter- , mined in the plan of defence, adopted by miniftry conform able to the order ofthe council of war in 1797; at which Don Felix de Tejada, the captairi general ofthe faid department, prefided. " The fquadron commanded by the lieutenant, General, Don Joachim MorenoJ landed 500 men, endeavouring, at the fame time, to take the moft favourable pofition. After having taken all thefe meafures to arreft the progrefs of the enemy, and given orders that all the workmen arid la bourers NA,VAL CHRONOLOGY. 385 tourers of everydefcription fhould affemble in the arfenal, A.D. to be there armed, and ready to proceed where their af- '8oo fiftance might be neceffary; in fine, after having taken all other proper meafures, in concert with the Commandant General of the fquadron, Don Franci'fco' Melgarejo, Com mandant per interim of the department, difpatched, at' nine o'clock at night, a courier extraordinary to inform his ma- jejly of every thing which had taken place up to that mo ment. " The firft movement of the enemy was to take poffeffion of_ the heights of Brion and Balon, which command the port and the place, but the detachment of 500 men of the fquadron arrived time enough to difpute their paffage. Itfought with furv and fuccefs, and arretted the march of the -Englifh, notwithftanding its fmall number and the con fiderable force of the enemy. . During the engagement, it effected a junction with the other corps cf the army and ma-. rlne which had takefr their pofition upon the heights of Brion, under the command of Field Marfhal Count Dona- dio, this point being the moft advantageous for repulfing the enemy. " In the night of the 25th the workmen and Jaboiirers were armed, and made to occupy the coaft. Meafures were taken for the equipment of boats and other veffels furnifoed by the fquadron, in which were fent to all the forts thefuc- cours moft urgent, drawn from the magazine and fquadron,. for the fupply of all the pofts on the land and the gun-boats. The commandant general alfo ordered, that as much provi fions as circumftances would permit, fhould be drawn from Grana, and transferred to the'arfenal. Enough was taken from thence for the fubfiftence of the land and marine forces, and every thing neceffary was alfo fent to the' gover nor ofthe place, and the commandant of the flying camps. "Thenight of the 25th paffed without any remarkable. event, but on the following morning our troops potted on ¦ the heights of Brion were attacked by the enemy with very fuperior force. We did not flatter ourfelves with the hope- of keeping this poft, but it appeared neceffary to difguft the enemy, by impofing upon him the neceffity of fighting at every Step. The engagement was lively and obftinate ; the enemyhad artillery, we h?d none ; he was encreafing his forces at a point where there werertlready 8oop men. We fought.hand to hand, and gave General Melgarejo time to Vol. III. • Cc - ' bring 380 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. bring up a floating battery of eight twenty^four poUnderS, 1800 from which 'an unexpected fire did great mifchief among the enemy. "•The captain of a frigate, Don Antonio dePilos; com- rnanded. this battery and the brigantine Vivo. The gun boats on their fide a&ed with the greateft fuccefs. The captain of the marine gave orders neceffary to derange the, ,proje£ts ofthe enemy, and at the fame -time took meafures to procure the affiftance of the artillery drawn from the veffel St. Ferdinand, and to tranfport all the powder to a magazine on the oppofite fide,, after having diftributed, what Was neceffary for the fervice ofthe moment. " The commandant general,, ad interim, of the kingdom of Galicia, ,)Don Francois deNegrette, reinforced the garri fon of the place with a battalion of the African regiment, and with another of the volunteers of Arragon, fo that the ^ garrifon amounted to 3000 men, and was Supplied with pro visions and ammunition. ¦ ' " The fame day another body of the enemy proceeded to attack the cattle of St. Philip ; but this attempt was unfuc- eefsful. Tired out with fo much refiftance, he renounced his projects, and about four o'clock in the afternoon he withdrew towards the place of debarkation. " CountDonadio fpent the whole night before the gate of Canado, upon which it was prefumed an attack might be made, although all our intelligence confirmed the retraat of the Englifh, and their junction at the lagune of Do- ninos. ' , " In fuch circumftances the commandant general of the department difpatched a Second courier extraordinary at nine in the evening j and by one on the following, day he\ confirmed the embarkation of all the enemy's troops at one o'clock in the morning. v " They, fet fire to the woods and houfes on the coafl,took the watch tower of Monte Ventofo, and drove away alt the cattle'they could. ' " Limiting their fucceffes to thefe diforders, the fleet and convoy fet fail. " By the declaration of a French failor " The Danifh frigate and convoy, carried into Deal, fhall be repaired at the expence of Great Britain, and then releafed. , - '1 « The difcuffion, refpeding the afferted right' of the Englifh to vifit cbnvoys, foall be adjourned to a further ne*, ^gotiation in London. " Until this point/ is decided, Danifh fhips fhall only fail under convoy in the Mediterranean feas, to protect them frorri,the Algerine cruizers, and Shall be liable to be fearched as heretofore. " The convention fhall be ratified by the two courts within three weeks. Copy of a letter from Mr. Merry, .the Britifh miniiteiF, af Copenhagen, to Count Bernftorff. Copenhagen, April 10th, 180Q, ' ' ' , " The importance which the Danifh court iriuft . - neceffarily attach to the event which happened in the month of December laft, in the neighbourhood of Gibraltar, be tween fome frigates of the King, and the frigate of his Da nifh Majefly, named Hauferfen, commanded by Capt. Van Dorkum, and the orders which in confequence, have been fent me by my court upon this point, impofe upon me the painful duty of. repeating to you, in writing, the complaint which I had the honour to make to you upon this point by , word of mouth, in the audience which you had the good? nefs to grant me for this purpofe three days ago. " The fafls of this affair are in themfelves very fjmple, 'and I think that we are already agreed on theirf. The, fadts are, that the Englifh frigate met the Danifh frigate in open fea', having under her a convoy of veffels. Tt]e Englifh ( commander, thinking it proper to exercife the right of * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 401. m- , ,. ' vifiting NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 397 vifiting this convoy, fent on board the Daiiifh frigate, de- AlD. manding from the captain his deftination. The latter lSo© having anfwered, that then he was going to Gibraltar; it was replied, that fince he was going to Stop in that bay, no vifit fhould be made to' his convoy ; but if he did not mean to cad anchor there, the vifit fhould be paid. Cap tain Van Dorkum then informed the officer who went on board him, that, he would make refiftance to fuch a Step. Upon this anfwer, -foe Englifh commander made the fig nal for examining the convoy. A boat from the Emerald frigate was proceeding to execute this order; a fire of muf- < query from the Danifli frigate fell upon them, and one of the Englifh failors was feverely wounded. This frigate alfo took poffeffion of a boarof the Englifh frigate the Flora, and did not releafe it till after the Englifh commander had given CaPtain Van Dorkum to underfland, that if he did not immediately give it up, he would commence hos tilities. " The Danifh frigate then went with her convoy into ' the bay of Gibraltar. There fome difcuffion took place on this affair, between Lord Keith, admiral and com mander in chief of his Majefty's naval forces in the Medi terranean,' and Captain Van Dorkum, whom Lord Keith copld not but confider as perfonally refponfible, and guilty of the injury done to one of his Majefty's fubjeas, not thinking it poffible that this captain could have been au thorised by inftruaions from his court. To clear up this point, Lord Keith fent an officer to'Captain Dorkum to entreat him to Shew, and fo explain the nature of his in ftruaions; but he faid to the officer, that they were in fubftance, that he fhould not permit his convoy to be vifi- ted, and that, in firing upon the boats, he had only'dif- charged his order?. " The fame, captain afterwards made a Similar reply, upon his word of honour, in fpeaking with Lord Keith, . and in the prefence of the governor of Gibraltar ; but he promifed at the feme time to appear before fhe judge, and to give fecurity for his app'earance ; and upon this promife he was told that he might return on board. Having enter-/- ed his boat,' he fent a letter to the admiral, in which he> refufed to give the neceffary fecurity. " Thefe difcuffions were terminated by a declaration which Lord Keith made to Captain Van Dorkum, that , if 3Q8 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY* A.D. if he failed to furrender himfelf, thus wifoing to fruftrafc i860 juftice, the affair fhould be reprefented to his Court. '•' " Such, Sir, is the ftate of faas, which have given rife to 'the complaint that I am commiffioned to urge to foe Danifh government. I flatter myfelf that you will find it correaand conformable to what is ftated in the correfpon- dence between Lord Keith and Captain Van Dorkum, of which, as you did me the honour to tell me, you are in pof feffion.' V The right of vifiting and examining merchant fhips in open fea, ef whatever nation they may be, and whatever may be their cargoes, or deftination, is confidered by the Britifh government, as the inconteftible right of every na» tion at vyar. A right founded on the law of nations, and which has been generally admitted and recognized. It follows therefore, that the refiftance of the commander of a fhip of war, offered by a power at amity, muft neceffa*. rily he confidered as an act of hoftility, and fuch as the King perfuades himfelf cannot be enjoined by the com* manders of the Ships of war of his Danifh Majefty in their inftruaions. His Britannic Majed'y, therefore,' entertains no doubt that his Danifh Majefty will have felt much difpleafure at hearing of this violent and infupportable con dua on the part of an officer in his fervice ; and the, King is perfuaded of the alacrity, with which his Danifh Majefty , will afford him that formal difavowal, and that apology, which he has fo good a right to expea in fuch a cafe, together with a reparation proportioned to the nature of the offence committed. "I am Specially commiffioned, Sir, to demand of you this difavowal, apology and reparation. The confidence which I muft feel in the known juftice of his Danifh Ma jefty, leads me to hope that this fimple and amicable repre- . fentation will be fufficient to obtain it with that difpatch,, which fo important a cafe requires ; but I mui not at the fame time conceal from you, that, great and fincere as is the defire of the King, my mafter, fo maintain and cultivate the moft Stria harmony and friendfoi'p with the court of Den mark, nothing fhall induce him to depart from this juft demand. (Signed) " Anthony Merry." Reply NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 309 • Reply of the Danifi Minifter,' to the above Note. A~' " Both cudom and treaties have no doubt conferred on the belligerent powers, the right of fearching neutral Veffels, not under convoy, by their fhips of, war, &c. but as this right is not a natural one, but merely conventional, its effeas cannot be arbitrarily extended beyond what is agreed to and conceded, without violence and injuftice. But none of the maritime and independent powers of Europe, as far as the underfigned has obferved, have ever acknow ledged the rightof permitting neutral fhips to be fearched, / when efcorted by one or feveral (hips of war ; and it is evident they could not do fo without expofing their flag tp degra dation, and without forfeiting a certain eflential proportion of their own rights. " Far from acquiefcing in thefe pretenfions, which at prefent are lio longer acknowledged, moft of thofe powers have been of opinion, fince this queftion ha3 been ftirred, that they ought to hold out an oppofite principle in all their conventions refpeaing obje&s of this nature, in con formity ¦ with a number of treaties concluded between the moft refpeaable courts of Europe, which contain proofs of the propriety of adhering to that principle. "The didinaion attempted to be eftablifhed "between Ships with and without convoy, is moreover equally juft and natural — for the former cannot be fuppofedto be in the Same predicament as the latter. " The fearch, infifted upon by the privateers, or ftate fhips of the belligerent powers, with refpea to neutral bot toms not accompanied by convoy, is founded on the right ¦ of acknowledging their flag, and of examining their pa pers. The queftion is to afcertain their partiality and the regularity of their inftruaions. When the papers of thefe Ships are found in Stria order, no farther examination can be legally inforced ;' and it is confequently the authority of the government, in whofe name thefe documents have been drawn up and iffued. that procures for the belligerent power the required fecurity. " But a neutral government, in efcorting by the armed Ships of the date,, the commercial Ships of the fubjea, thereby, alone holds out to the belligerent powers a more authentic and pofitive pledge, than that which is furnifhed by the documents with which thefe fhips are furnifoed. Nor 40O NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. : A.D. Nor can a neutral government, without incurring difiefpecl, 1800 admit the. leaft doubt or fofpicion* which mud be as" inju rious to that government as they would be unjuft on the part of thofe who fhould entertain or^manifeft them. " And if it were to be admitted as a principle, that the convoys granted by a Sovereign do not fecure fhips of his fubjects from being vifited by the ftate fhips or privateers of foreigners, it would follow that the moft formidable.' fquadron fhould not have the right of relieving from a ' fearch the fhips entrufted to its proteaion, if that fearch was exacled by the moft pitiful privateer. " But it cannot be reafonably foppofed that, the Englifh government, which has uniformly', and on the mod judi cious grounds, Shewn a marked jealoufy for the honourof its flag, and who in the maritime wars, in which it has ' taken no part, has neverthelefs afferted with , vigour the rights of neutrality, would ever content, fhould fuch cir cumftances- occur, to an humilitating vexation of that na ture ; and the King of Denmark repofes too mqch confi dence in the equity and loyalty of his Britannic Majefty, to harbour a fufpicion that it is his intention to arrogate a right, which, under fimilar circumftances he would not grant to any other independent power. " It feems fufficient to apply to the faEl in queftion, the natural refult of thefe obfervations, in order to make it evident, that fhe captain of the King's frigate, by.repulf- ing a violence which he had no right to expeft; has done ¦ ' ,no mpre than his duty ; and that it was on the part ofthe 4 Englifh frigates, that a violation ofthe rights of a neutral fovereign, and of a power friendly to his Britannic Ma-/ jefty.'has been committed. " The King had hefitated to Signify any formal com plaint on this hand, fo long as he regarded it as a mif- conception which might have been done away by amicable explanations between the refpeaive commanders of the naval force which the two governments kept up in the, Mediterranean ;, but feeing himfelf, much to his regret, dif- 1 appointed in that hope, he has only to infid on the repa- ' ration that is due to him, and which the juftice and the friendfhip of his Britannic Majefty feem juflty to be called , upon to Secure to him. . (Signed,) . . C. Bernstorff." Note naval Chronology." ' 401 Note delivered by Lard Grenville to Count Wechel A.D. Jarlsberg, his Danifh Majefty's Minifter, refpecling '8oo the capture ofthe Freya Frigate. > " The underfigned, his Majefty's principal Secretary of State for foreign affairs^ has had the honour to lay before the King the note which he received yefterday from Count Wechel Jarlfoerg, Envoy Extraordinary and Minifter Ple nipotentiary from the King of Denmark. " It was with the greateft furprize and concern that his Majefty received the firft accounts of the tranfkaions to whjc'h that ndte relates; Studioufly defining to maintain always with the Court of Copenhagen thofe 'relations of friendfhip and alliance which had fo long fubfifled between" Great Britain and Denmark, his Majefty has during the whole courfe of his reign, given repeated proofs of thefe difpofitions, which he had flattered himfelf were recipro cally entertained by the government of his Danifh Ma jefty': and notwithftanding the expreffions made ufe of in Count Wechel's note, his Majefty cannot even yet perfuade himfelf that it is really by the orders of the King of Den mark, that this ftate of harmony and peace has been thus fuddenly disturbed, or that a Danifh officer can have aaed conformably to his inftruaions, in aaualiy commencing ho'ftilities againft this country, by a wanton and unpro voked attack upon a Britifh fhip of war, having his Ma jefty flag, and navigating the Britifh feas. " The impreffions which fuch an event has naturally excited irt- his Majefty's breaft, have received additional force from the perufal of a note, in which fatisfadlion and. reparation are claimed as due to the aggreffors from thofe who have fuftained this infult and injury. " His Majefty, allowing for the difficulty in which all neutral nations were placed, by the unprecedented condua and peculiar charaaer of his enemy, has, on many occa- fions. during the prefent war, forborne to affert his rights, and to claim from the Danifh government the impartial difcharge of foe duties of that neutrality which it profeffed a diSpofition to maintain. But the deliberate and open ag- greffion which he has now Sustained, cannot be paffed over in a fimilar manner. The lives of his brave feamen have been facrificed; the honour of his flag, has heen infulted, almoft in fight of his own coafts; and thefe proceedings are -Supported by calling in queftion thofe indifputable rights, Vol. IH. D d founded 402 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A. D. founded on the cleareft principles of the law of nations, 1800 from which his Majefty never can depart; and the tempe rate exercife of which is indifperifabiy neceflkiry to the main tenance of the deareft interefts of his empire. " The underfigned has, in all his reports of his Majefty, rendered full juftice to the perfonal difpofitions which he has uniformly found on the part of Count Wechel, to remove all grounds of mifunderftanding between the two countries. He cannot, therefore, now forbear to urge him to reprefent this matter to his court in its true light, to do away thofe falfe impreffions, under which (if at all) a condua fo inju rious to hts Majefty can have been authorifed, and to con- folt the interefts ' of both countries, but efpecially thofe of Denmark, by bearing his teftimony to the difpofitions with which his Majefty's government is anirtiated; and by re commending to his court, with all that earneftnefs which the importance of the occafion both juftifies and requires, that thefe difpofitions may, in fo critical a conjunaure, find an adequate return, and that a fpeedy and fatisfaaory an fwer may be given to the demand which his Majefty has di reaed to be made in his name at Copenhagen, both of reparation for what is paft, and of fecurity againft the repe tition of thefe outrages. " In order to give the greater weight to his Majefty's reprefentations on this, fubjea, and to .afford at the fame time the means of fuch explanations refpeaing it, as may avert the neceffity of thofe extremities to which his Majefty looks with the greateft refoaance, his Majefty has charged Lord Whitworth with a fpecial m,iffion to the Court of Denmark, and that minifter will immediately fail for his deftination. That court cannot but fee in this" determina tion a new proof of the King's defire to conciliate the pre-, fervation pf peace, with the maintenance of the funda mental rights and interefts of his empire. " (Signed) Grenville. " July 30, 1800." Extracl from the Official Note tranfmitted by Lord Whit worth to Count Bernftorff. " Auguft 2\, 1800. ' " The Englifh' minifter fupports the principles which had been eftablifhed in the firft note, and fays, that if the principle be once admitted, that a' DaniSh frigate may legally NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 403 legally guarantee from all fearch fix merchant Ships, it fol- A.D. lows naturally, that that fame power, or any other power 1^00 whatever, may, by means of the fmalleft Ship of war, ex tend the fame proteaion to all the commerce of the enemy, in all parts of the world : it will only be neceffary to find in the whole circle of the univerfe a fingle neutral Slate, how ever inconfiderable it maybe, well difpOfed enough towards our enemies to lend them its flag, and to cover all their commerce without running the leaft rifk; for when exami nation can no longer take place, fraud fears no difcovery. In the note which the Count de Bernftorff has juft trans mitted, the underfigned perceived with pain, that far from wifhing to fatisfy the juft demand ofthe King his mafter, the Danifh government ftill perfifts in fupporting not only the principles upon which it founds its aggreffion, but alfo the right of defending it by means of arms. In this ftate of things, the underfigned has no other alternative than to perform ftriaiy his duty, hy infilling anew on the fatisfap- tion which the King, his matter, requires ; and by de claring to M. de Bernftorff, that in fpite of his fincere defire to be the instrument ofthe reconciliation ofthe two courts, he fhall be obliged to leave Copenhagen, with all the Englifh ,miffion, in the Space of a week, reckoning from the day of the figning of this note, unlefs in the in terval, the Danifh government Shall adopt counSels more conformable to the interefts of the two countries, and, above all, to thofe of Denmark, with whom his Majefty has constantly defined, and ftill defires, to live in terms of friendfhip and alliance. , The underfigned, therefore, has the honour to repeat to the Count de Bernftorff, that he is enjoined to quit Copenhagen with the King's miffion in a week, unlefs a fatisfaaory reply be given before the expira tion of that term. " He requefts the Count de Bernftorff to accept the . affurances of his moft diftinguifhed confideration. Extrail from the Reply of Count Bernstorff. " Auguft 26, i860. " If Lord Whitworth thinks to deftroy the force of the arguments developed, in that note (note to Mr. Merry of the 19th of April) by the reffeaion, that by the right of guaranteeing from fearch merchantmen under the convoy of a Ship of war, the leaft powerful neutral ftate would acquire D d 2 the 404 ' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D- the faculty of covering with impunity, with its flag, an 1800 illicit commerce, the underfigned entreats him to obferve, that the government which Should degrade itfelf to the point of lending its flag to fuch a fraud, would, by that condua, * pafs the bounds of neutrality, and would, in confequence, authbrife the, belligerent- power, to the prejudice of which the fraud had been committed, to adopt meafures which or dinary circumftances would not admit. The ftate which negle.as its duties, , expofes itfelf, without doubt, to the rifk oflofing its rights; but the fufpicion of degrading condua would be as injurious to the government, which Should not deferve, it, as it would be little honourable to the govern ment which Should advance it without foundation; but this caufe cannot exift between Denmark and Great Bri tain. " The Englifh government is not ignorant, without' doubt, that the Danifh officers who command convoys, are perfonally refponfible ; that the cargoes of the Ships belong- ' ing to thofe convoys do not contain articles prohibited by the laws of nations, or by the treaties fubfifting between .Denmark and the belligerent powers ; and it is eafy to feel that there muft be incomparably more difficulty in eluding the vigilance of the officers than the refearches of thofe who pretend to exercife on thefe fhips a right, as odious in its prihciples, as delufive in its effbas. The, effential differ ence between the principles of the two courts introducing into this difcuffion particular difficulties, there does not appear to be a more proper mean of removing them than by having recourfe to the mediation of a third power ; and the, King hefitates foe lefs in" propohng to his Britannic Ma- - jefty the mediation of the Emperor of Ruflia, as that mo narch, the friend and ally ot both fovereigns, will certainly have nothing more at heart than to conciliate them, and to prevent a fatal mifunderftanding. The underfigned does not doubt that Lord Whitworth will fee in the propofitiona' new proof of the moderation of the King, and of his defire to r,;ferve the friendship of his Britannic Majefty. The King would the more regret feeing him quit Copenhagen, becaufe his Majefty had confidered his million as a pledge of the conciliatory intentions 'of the Court of London ; and becaufe he had flattered himfelf that his .perfonal dtfpofi-., tions would contribute to foe accelerating an acommodation, for NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 405 for which he has offered him, and Still offers him, the A,D. greateft facility. l8o° « Bernstorff." The condua which the courts of Ruflia and Pruftia pur- fued in confequence of this difcuffion between Great Bri tain and Denmark will be feen in the following papers, Ruffian Edicl. " In confequence of the order of his Excellency Cheva lier Pbdoff, major-general commandant at Riga, of the 28th, inftant (Auguft) it is hereby made known to your honourable Senate, that his Imperial Maje.ly, after having received the account ofthe violent behaviour of the Englifh againft Denmark ; and alfo that one of their fleets had paffed the Sound, by, which the paffage b^ing blocked up, may have great influence on the whole trade ofthe Baltic feas, he has been pleafed to order, that for the fecurity againft ariy disadvantage that may arife to the Ruffian commerce, So long as the real intention of the Englifo court Shall be un known, there Shall be laid a Sequeftration upon all property belonging to the Englifo; and that it be obferved in the ftriaeft manner, that none thereoS be tranfported out of Ruflia without permiffion from his Majefty ; that however no part of the property be taken away from them, nor them felves be difturbed in their bufinefs ^ according to all which every one is to govern himfelf in the moft particular man ner. (" Signed) Schwart, Sec". " Given at Riga Senate Houfe, \ the 2gth of Auguft, 1800." Notice, publifhed in the Peter -{burgh Gazette ofthe idth of September. . 1 '* Several, political circumftances inducing^his Mjijefty the Emperor to'think that a rupture of the friendfoip with England may enfue, an army, confifting of five corps, is, on this account, to be colledted by his Majefty's fupreme command, under the orders ofthe general, of cavalry Von der Pahlen, viz. — near Goldingen, under the command of General Baron Springporten, of four . regiments of horfe, fix of infantry,, four .battalions and 45. field pieces,; near D d 3 '• Lemfel 5 406 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A-D. Lemfel, under the command of the general of cavalry 1800 pr;nce Alexander of Wirtemberg, three regiments and five Squadrons of horfe, and fix regiments and four battalions of foot; near Ramfar, under his Imperial Highnefs the Grand Duke Czarevitfch Conftantine Pavlovitfch, four regiments and four battalions of foot, and 45 pieces of artillery; near Cbpovie, under the grand duke and fucceffor to the throrie, Alexander PavlovitSch, three regiments and eleven Squa drons of horfe, all the regiments of guards, and 33 pieces of ordnance; near Arenfourg, under lieutenant-general of in fantry, three fquadrons of horfe, and twenty-one pieces, of cannon." . Letter from the Ruffian Ambdffador at Berlin, to the Ruffian Conful at Hamburgh. " September 22. " I have this moment received a letter from M. Count Roftbpfchin, in which his Excellency mentions, that his Imperial" Majefty, our gracious monarch, has been pleafed to take, off the embargo on Englifh fhips, and on the pro perty of Englifhmen in Ruflia." On the 5th of * November an embargo was laid on all the Britifh fhipping in the ports of Ruflia: the numbers at this time amounted to about 200 fail. Two Britifh Ships having attempted to break the em bargo, the following order was iffued, enforcing it the more Strongly, with the emperor's reaSons for fo doing. Peterfburg, Nov. iSth and 23d. " The. crews of two Englifh Ships in the harbour of Narvon, on the arrival of a military force to put them un der arreft, in confequence of the embargo laid on them, having made refiftance, fired piftols, and forced a Ruffian Sailor into the water, and afterwards weighed' anchor and failed away; his Imperial Majefty has been pleafed to order, that the remainder of the veffels in that harbour Shall be burnt. » " His Imperial Majefty having received from his cham berlain Itahnfkoi, at Palermo, an account ofthe taking of Malta, has been pleafed to direa that the following note Shall be tranfmitted to all the diplomatic corps refiding at his court, by the minifter prefiding in the college for foreign NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 4°7 foreign affairs, Count Roftoptfchin, and the vice chancel- A- D* lor Count Panin." l8o° " His Majefty, the Emperor of all the Ruffias, having received the circumflantial account of the furrender' of Malta, by which it is fully confirmed that the .Englifh ge nerals, notwithstanding repeated, representations of his Im perial Majefty's minifter, and the minifters of the King of the Two Sicilies, have taken poffeffion of Valetta and the ifland of Malta, in the name of the King of Great Britain, and hoifted the Englifh flag alone; his Majefty fees with juft difpleafure Such a breach ofgood faith, and has refolved that the embargo laid on all the Englifh veffels in the Ruf fian harbours Shall not be taken off till the conditions of the convention concluded in the year 1798 Shall be punaually fulfilled." L.etter from Mr. Shairp relative to the Britifh Prifoners in Ruffia. " Various reports having been circulated refpeaing the unfortunate Britifh Subjeas now in Ruffia, I Send you foe authentic information. " The perfons of the Britifh merchants have hitherto re mained unmolefted, and what ready money they had in their poffeffion has not been feized; but' their warehoufes are Sealed, and all their property is under fequefter. All the . Britifh fhips and their cargoes are Seized by the Ruffian go vernment. The captains and crews are marched into the ' interior of the country, in companies of one captain and ten or twelve feamen. They are distributed in above a. hundred different towns, at one hundred to one thoufand miles diftance from the capital. The Ruffian government allows for their fubfiftence daily five copecks in money, (about three halfpence) a fmall meafure of rye flour, and one of buck wheat. " My brother and fome other Britifh merchants at Pe tersburg advanced about forty thoufand rubles (a ruble is about half a crown) for their better accommodation, from which he furnifhed every captain with two hundred rubles for the, ufe of himfelf and ten men, and bought for every man a fheepfkin coat, a fur cap, a fafh, a pair of gloves, " fome warm Shoes, and two pair of Stockings. Kibitkes, or common carts of the country, are bought for moft of D d 4 the 408 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. foe captains and fome old men; the reft walk, and the pea« 1800 fants furnifh horfes for the baggage. On the 21ft of No vember fifty captains and five hundred failors were thus difpatched from St. Petersburg, and the remainder were daily Setting off on their melancholy journey. " Stephen Shairp. - " ConSul General of Ruffia. " No.^2,, Gower Street, Nov. i]th, 1800." (forrefpondence between Lord Carysfort, his Brittannic Ma-, jefty's Minifter at the Court of Berlin, and Count Haug- witz ; on his Pruffian Majefiy having ordered a detach-. ment of his Troops to enter Hamburgh. " Berlin, Nov. 16th, i8oq. " The- inftant Lord Carysfort, envoy extraordinary and minifter plenipotentiary of his Britannic Majefty, learn ed that his Pruffian Majefty was preparing to order a de^- tachment of his troops to enter Cuxhaven, and that the ' reafon which he in public thought proper to affign for that meafure, was the refufal given by the government of Ham burgh to caufe a veffel to be releafed, which, taken by one of the fhips of war of his Britannic Majefty, had been com pelled, in order to avoid the dangers ofthe fea, to enter that port, he thought it his duty to demand an audience of his Ex cellency Count Haugwitz, minifter of ftate and ofthe ca binet, for fhe purpofe of obtaining information with refpea to that affair. He received from his Excellency the affur- 1 ance that the intentions of his Pruffian Majefty were in no view hoftile or contrary to the interefts of Great Britain : but that the occupation of Cuxhaven had for its principal^ objea the maintenance ofthe authority of his Pruffian Ma jefty, in his charaaer of chief, and proteaor of the neutra lity of the north of Germany ;, and that it was cpnduaed with the content of thp city bf Hamburgh itfelf. " Lord Carysfbrtjiot being exaaiy acquainted with the circumftances under which the veffel in queftion found it felf, deferred to anotherrtccafion the obfervations which he might have wifhed to Submit, to his Excellency^ He has now grounds to believe, that laden with contraband goo&s, 'it NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 40$ it was captured by one of his Britannic Majefty's Ships as it A.D. was entering into the Texel, that is to fay, into a port be- iSoo, longing to the enemies of his Majefty; and that it was reftored as foon as the officer who had the charge of it could be informed ofthe orders of his Superiors. " With refpea to the occupation of the town of Cuxha ven by the Pruffian troops, which muft have been founded on particular conventions between his Pruffian Majefty and tlie Senate of Hamburgh, he does not think himfelf called upon to take part in that difcuffion; but he feels himfelf authorifed to 'claim in favour of the fubjeas and veffels ofthe king, his mafter, all the rights to which they have a juft pretenfion, in a neutral port belonging to a republic, whoSe conneaions with the States Of his Majefty Aare very ancient and generally known. No convention made between the city of Hamburgh and his Pruffian Majefty being capable of invalidating or altering his rights. In confequence of thefe considerations., he dares hope that his Pruffian Ma jefty may ftill fofpend the occupation of Cuxhaven, until ' the two courts fhall have the means of entering into mutual explanations ; more particularly fince fuclvan occupation, in the aaual circumftances might give room to ill-difpofed minds, to attribute to his Pruffian Majefty, views not lefs oppofite to the fentiments of juftice and moderation which govern all his meafures, than to the friendship and the gopd harmony which fubfift between him artd his Britannic Ma jefty. " At all events, it will not efcape the wifdom and huma nity of his Majefty, that the entrance of a numerous corps of troops into a village both poor, and with a Small extent of territory, would/probably augment the mifery of the inhabi tants; and that the city of Hamburgh -having always pof- feffed that place, fo indifpenfably neceffary to the preferva- tion ofthe navigation of the Elbe,- all which may trouble that poffeffion, derange ancient cuftoms, and influence the pilots there at prefent to feek a refuge elfewhere, would Strike a Senfible blow at the commerce of all the countries of the north of Germany, and over that part of the States pf his Pruffian Majefty. " (Signed) Carysfort.'* i8oo 410 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. From the fame to the. fame. « Berlin, Nov. 18, iSoo. " The underfigned extraordinary envoy and minifter plenipotentiary of his Britannic Majefty, thinks himfelf obliged again to addrefs himfelf to his Excellency Count Haugwitz, relative to the intention of his Pruffian Majefty, in taking military poffeffion of Cuxhaven. When the un derfigned had the honour of tranfmitting to his Excellency the verbal note of the 1 6th, it' was not exaaiy known " that the Pruffian veffel brought into that port had been reftored." The faa being now certain, as well as the zeal mainfefted by the Senate of Hamburgh to fulfil the wifhes of the King ; the furprife and confternation excited Srom the moment when the orders for marching a detachment of troops were known, would be raifed to their utmoft height, if it were afcertained, that notwithstanding the complete fatisfkaion given to his Pruffian Majefty on all the points refpeaing which he thought proper to complain, he fhould not appear lefs attached to his determination of caufing Cux haven to be occupied by his troops. In faa, it appeared at firft fight that this occupation would be fo calculated to give the moft Serious alarms to all commercial nations ; .that without alluding to the interpretations which calumny might be defirous of giving to the meaSure, ftrong hopes are entertained, from the juftnefs and moderation of his Pruffian Majefty, for that reafon only. that he will come to thcrefolution^of not carrying it into effea; " The underfigned would not, however, think he had executed his duty, Should he negfea to reprefent to his Excellency the lively alarms which neceffarily reSult Srom the uncertainty in which the affair remains. The reite rated affurances which the underfigned has received from his Excellency, of the friendship and good wifhes of, his Pruffian Majefty towards the King of Great Britain, do not allow him to believe, that any mifunderftanding can arife between the two courts; but he cannot avoid thinking that the enemies of humanity and public tranquillity will endeavour to turn to their purpofes the alarm which is gene rally diffufed, in order to fcatter difcord among the powers who Should all unite to maintain the fafety and independ ence of Europe at large. " (Signed) Carysfort." Anfwer ,. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 411 A.D,; 1 Anfwer of Count Haugwitz. , jg0J " The underfigned minifter of ftate, and of the cabinet, is authorifed by the orders ofthe king, to tranquillife com pletely the anxieties and apprehenfions which my Lord Carysfort, envoy extraordinary and minifter plenipotentiary of his Britannic Majefty, expreffed to him in hjs two notes of the 1 6th and i8th of 'November. The Pruffian veffel, the Triton, has, it is true, been reftored to its oWQer; but the mode of releafe was in every refpea as irregular as to the proceedings which had previoufly taken place with refpedtrto it ; and after an examination of all the circum ftances relative to the incident which forms the fubjea of complaint, there1 appears throughout the tvhole,' a manifeft infraaion of the principles of the neutrality of the north of Germany; it is this fuperior confideration, added to the unjuft reSufal of the magistracy of Hamburgh, which dic tated to the king foe refolution ofcaufing a body of his troops to occupy the port of Cuxhaven, and the bailiwic of ' Ritzebuttle. This meafure was executed the moment it was determined upon, and it is no longer capable- of being revoked ; the example of what has taken place impofing on his Majefty the neceffity of effeaually watching over the maintenance of that neutrality which he has guaranteed to his co-eftates. The King cannot imagine that his Britannic Majefty, after participating in his charaaer of Efeaor of Hanover, in the advantages and benefits of this happy neu trality, can conceive the fmalleft alarm at feeing a Pruffian garrifon enter mto the port which England has fixed on as her- point of communication with the north of Germany. Being thus placed under the immediate guarantee of the king, it will be the more effeaually put out ofthe reach of all violation, and the troops of his Majefty will have no other duty to perform than that ofcaufing the laws ofgood order and equality to be refpeaed." The utmoft confidence may be placed in the prudent difpofitions of the reigning Duke of Brunfwick, who is invefted with the command of the line of demarcation. " But if more particular affurances be requisite upon this fubjea, the king feels a pleafure in giving them, by the prefent communication, to his Britannic Majefty, and ' in declaring to him in exprefs and pofitive terms, that the prefent order of things will in no refpea interrupt the free- ¦ . dem 412 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A-D. dom of commerce and navigation in the port of Cuxhaverrj i Soo nor above all, the continuation of fhe correspondence with England; on the contrary, the officer commanding the troops of the king, garrifoned in the bailiwic of Ritze- buttle, will make it his duty to give it every poffible fa cility. . * On the whole, the proceeding which the king has, from ¦ "neceffity, been obliged to follow, does not admit of any ' equivocal interpofition. It has no other objea than the maintenance of the fyftem of which he is the author and; de fender, and this objea fhf.ll not be excetded. His views and condua~have procured him the confidence of all ' Eu-'-. rope, and they never will be found incorififtent ; and though it is not to be anticipated that the other powers will bedif- pofed.to mifconceive the purity of his views in the prefent cafe; yet his Majefty referyes to himfelf the privilege of, explaining himfelf further*, and in a fuitable manner, to thofe who may be entitled to fuch explanation. "(Signed) Haugwitz." Subftance ofthe Declaration ofthe Emperor of Ruffia relative to an armed neutrality by Sea. " That on mounting his throne, he found his ftates in volved in & war, provoked by a great nation which had fallen into diflolution ; that conceiving the coalition a mere meafure of prefervation, this motive "induced him to join it ; that he did not at that time think it neceffary to adopt the fyftem of an armed neutrality on fea for the proteaionof - commerce, not doubting but the Sincerity of his allies, and their reciprocal interefts, would be fufficient to Secure the : flag of the northern powers from infult. - " But that being difappointed in this expeaation by the perfidious enterprises of a great power, which had fought to enchain the liberty of the feas, by capturing Danish con voys, the independence of the maritime powers of the north appeared to him to be-openly menaced. " He confequently confiders it a meafure of necpffity-' to have recourfe to an armed' neutrality, the fuccefs of ' which was acknowledged in the time of the American war." Conventimt NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 413 ' A.D. Convention for the re-eftablijhment of an Armed Neutrality, jSoo between his Majefty the King of Sweden ort the one part, and his' Majefty the Emperor of all the Ruffias on the other part, conclud-ed and figncd at St. Peterfburgh the qth, (l$th of December) 1800, accepted and ratified hy his Swedifi Majefty, on the 20th of December, and by his Imperial Majefiy of all the Ruffias on the 8th (1 gth of December) in the fame year *' In the Name of the Moft Holy and Undivided Trinity. " In order. that the freedom of navigation, and the ' fecurity of the merchandifeof the neutral powers, may be eftablifhed, and the principles of fhe law of nations be fully afcertained, during the continuance of the prefent maritime war, his Majefty the King of Sweden, and his Majefty the. Emperor of all the Ruffias, aauated by foeLr love of juftice, and by a reciprocal defire to promote what ever may be for the public advantage, or their refpeaive Slates, have to that effea determined to give a new fanaion to thofe principles of their neutrality, which are in their nature indiflbluble, and require that it may be refpeaed by all the powers interefted in their prefervation. With this view their Majefties have, by their declara tion of the 15th of Auguft, to the northern courts, who are equally concerned in the maintenan e of • thofe general regulations, anciently recognized, given them to understand how Sincerely it is the objea of their hearts to rettore ¦in its full independence, the general right of all nations to convoy their Ships and merchandife freely, and without .being fubjea to the controul of foe powers at war. His Swedifh Majefty imparted his wifhes, and his fentiments to his great ally, and a happy conformity of their mutual interefts .'has induced them to adopt the refolution of re establishing that fyftem of an armed neutrality, which was attended with fuch advantages during the American war, and to renew its beneficial principles in a convention adapted to the prefent circumftances. To this end, Iris Majefty the King of Sweden, and his Imperial Majefty of all foe Ruffias, have nominated as their plenipotentiaries, namely his Swedifh Majefty, Barpn /Curt von Shedingk, ambafla- dor extraordinary to his imperial majefty of all the Ruffias, Lieutenant-general, Chamberlain ol the Queen Dowager, colonel 414 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A. D. colonel of a regiment of infantry, Knight, and commander* 1S00 0f .tne or(]er 0f the fword, and, Knight of the French order pour les merites militaires; and his Imperial Majefty of all the Ruffias, Baron Count Theodore Roftopfchin, his right trufty privy councellor, member of the council, principal minifter bf the college of foreign affairs, direaor general ofthe pofts of the empire, grand chancellor and grand crofs of the Sovereign order of St. John of jerufalem, Knight of the firft claSs of the orders of St Andrew, St. Alexander Nefsky, and St. Anne, Knight of the order of St. Laza rus de l'Anonciade, of St. Morrice at St. Lazarus of St. Ferdinand and St. Hubert; who after exchanging their refpeaive full powers, have agreed upon the/ollowing ar ticles : Art. I. His Majefty the King of Sweden, and his Ma jefty the Emperor of all the Ruffias, declare that they will flriaiy prohibit the exportation of contraband merchan- dife on the part of their fubjeas, with every powerwhatever, at prefent engaged in war, or which may hereafter be en gaged )n war. Art. II. In order to prevent all doubts and mifunder- ftandings, as to what Shall be confidered contraband, his Majefty the King of Sweden, and his Imperial Majefty of all foe Ruffias, declare, that they will acknowledge the following- articles as contraband; namely, cannons, mor- , tars, fire-arms, balls, flints, -flint- ftones, matches, gun-, N powder, falt-petre, fulphur, helmets, pikes, fwords, hangers, cartridge-boxes, faddles- and bridles, with the exception of fuch /a quantity' of the above articles, as may be neceffary for the defence of the Ships and their crew ; all other articles not herein enumerated Shall not be confidered as war or naval ftores; they Shall not be Subjea to confifcation ; but Shall paSs free without reftraint. It is alfo hereby agreed, that the prefent article Shall be without prejudice to the particular Stipulations of former treaties with the powers at war, by virtue of which the things above-mentioned are allowed or prohibited.. • Art. III. And whereas it is refolved, that whatever, by virtue of the foregoing article, can be deemed, contraband, Shall be excluded from the commerce of neutral nations, in like manner his Majefty the King of Sweden, and his Imperial Majefty of all the Ruffias, will and determine, that all other merchandise foall be and remain free; and in order ' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. ' 415 order that the general principles of the laws of nature, of A.D. which the freedom of trade and navigation, as well as the I^oa rights of neutral nations are the immediate confequence, may be placed under competent and fore Safeguard, they have refolved no longer to delay that voluntary explanation from which they have hitherto been restrained by motives of their feparate and temporary interefts. With this view they have hereby determined : ift. That every Ship may freely navigate from one har bour to another, and on the coaft of the belligerent na tions. 2d. That the effeas which belong to the fubjeas of the belligerent powers, in neutral fhips, with the exception of contraband goods, Shall be free. 3d. That in' order to determine what fhall be confidered as a blockaded harbour, fuch denomination Shall be admitted to apply only where the difpofition and number of the fhips of the power by which it is invefted, fhall be fuch as to render it apparently hazardous to enter ; and that every Ship which Shall go into a blockaded harbour, that is evi dently So blockaded violates the prefent convention, as much as if the commander of the blockade had previoufly advifed , it ofthe ftate ofthe harbour, and it had nevertheless endea voured by force or artifice to obtain admiffion. 4th. That with regard to neutral Ships, except thofe which for juft reafons, and upon evident grounds fhall be detained, fentence Shall be pronounced without delay; the ' proceedings againft them Shall be uniform, prompt and lawful — Over and above the indemnity to which they Shall be entitled for the damage they fhall have foftained, com plete fatisfaaion fhall be given for the infult committed againft the flag of their Majefties. 5th. That the declaration ofthe officers who fhall com mand the fhip of war, or fhips of war, of the King or Emperor, which fhall be convoying one or more mer chant Ships, that the convoy has no contraband goods on board, fhall be. fufficient; and that.no fearch of his Ship or the other Ships bf convoy Shall be permitted. And the better to infure refpea to thofe principles, and the Stipula tions founded upon them, which their difinterefted wifhes to preferve the imprescriptible rights of neutral nations have fuggefted, the high contraaing parties to pr^ove their Sincerity and juftice, will give the ftriaeft order to their captains 41(3 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY;: A.D. captains, as well as of-their fhips of war, as of their mer"- 1800 cnant fl1]-pS) to ]oad no part Gf their Ships,, or Secretly to have on board, any articles, which by virtue of this prefent. convention may be confidered as contraband ; and for the; more completely carrying into execution this command, they will reflectively take care to give direaions to their courts, of admiralty to publifh it wherever they fhall think it neceffary, and to this end, the regulation which Shall con- contain- this prohibition under the feveral penalties, Shall be printed at the end of the prefent aa,, that no one may plead ignorance. Art. IV. ¦ In order to place the corrimerce of their fub- jeas upon the moft legal and permanent bafis, his Ma jefty the King of Sweden, and his Majefty the Emperor of all the Ruffias, have deemed it expedient to equip a number of fhips of war and frigates, which fhall be charged to fee that objea obtained, and the Squadrons of each power fhall take thofe Stations, and protedt thofe convoys which their commerce and their navigation may require, and which foall be conformable to the courfe of trade of each nation. Art. V. To- provide againft all inconveniences which may proceed from any nation abufingthe privilege of their- flag; it is eftablifhed as a regulation not to be departed from, that every tranfport, be it whofe it may, belonging, to the country whofe flag it bears, fhall have oh board a captain and the half of the crew compofed of the fubjects of that country, and the paffport Shall be drawn up in due and regular form. Every tranfport- which Shall not obferve thefe regulations,, or Shall violate the command printed at the end of this prefent convention, Shall forfeit all right to the proteaion of the contraaing parties, and the govern ment to which it may belong, Shall alone be refponfible for all the lofs, damage, or inconvenience it may fuftain. Art. VI. Should it neverthelefs happen, that the mer chant fhips oSone of the powers Shall find itfelf in a Situa tion where the fhips of war of that nation are not ftationed, and where they cannot have the proteaiqn of their own convoys, in fuch cafe the commandant of the fhips of war of the other power, if it foall be required, Shall duly and , faithfully afford fuch affiftance as may be neceffary.- The Ships of war and frigates of the one nation Shall afford pro-. teaion and affiftance to the merchant veffels of the other;, < provided in the mean time, that the veffel requiring fuch affiftance NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 417 affiftance Shall not have violated the principles of the neu- A.D. trality, by having carried on an illicit commerce. l8o° and there fold ; or bought, in a foreign country, by a legal- and A. D. authentic contraa. If fuch purchafe is made in a country l8o° threatened with war, it Shall be confidered as lawful, as foon as three months have elapfed before its aaualiy breaking out. Every Ship purchaSed muft be naturalized. As however, the naturalization of fhips, bought in a foreign country, and afterwards taken by a cruizer belonging to any of the belligerent powers, may frequently produce difagreeable , explanations in the fequel, it is hereby declared, that in time of war, fhips fhall not be allowed to be naturalized, which have formerly been the property of the belligerents or their fubjedls; neverthelefs, with the exception of all Chip* that were naturalized before the prefent regulation was. adopted, which Shall enjoy all the rights which are con- peaed with the charaaer of neutrals and Swedes. " 2d. The captain of the fhip muft be provided with all papers requifite and proper for tbe fecurity of his voy age. Of this kind are (in cafe the fhip goes through the Sound) a certificate of the place where the veffel was built, an invoice, letters Shewing the cargoes not contraband, Turkifh aad Latin paffports, a certificate by the magidrate of the place, a pafs for the crew, a copy ofthe oath for the owner, a charter-party with the Subscription of the freighter, the captain and the perSon freighting the veffel, a- mani-feft with the like fobferiptions, containing a lift of the different articles of the loading, and the conditions of the intended voyage, and a bill of health wheie the fame is neceffary. If the voyage be merely to the ports of the Baltic, or the Sound, the Turkifh and Latin paffes, are not neceffary; and, the captain mud have all the oth©r paffes enumerated, without exception. " 3d, All thefe documents muft be made out -and de- - livered in a Swedifh, port, unlets when a fhip has Iod her papers by accident, or where they have been forcibly taken away, in which cafe thefe documents may be renewed in a foreign port, if the captain immediately on his arrival, takes, the precaution to exhibit an authentic and properly certified declaration by which the accident is proved,, or the grounds ftated on which he defires the renewal. " 4th. The captain is prohibited from having falfe a&s ©s certificates or duplicates thereof. Herts likewife prohibited from making ufe of a foreign flag. " 5th- It is required that the- captain and half of the crew fhall be Swedifh fubjeas. Ee a "6th. 420 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. '« 6th. Captains going to the main ocean fhall be bound 1 800 ' t0 f0l)ow? the courfe pointed out in their inftruaions, and agreeable to the contents of their certification. , " 7. Ships deftined for the ports of a belligerent power, muft, with the utmoft care, and under the fevereft penalties, avoid carrying any contraband commodities. To prevent all doubts or mifunderftanding refpeaing what is contra band, it is agreed that the following goods Shall be confi dered contraband. [The remainder of this article is a tianfcr'ipt of the fecond article of the convention.] . * " 8th. All Swedifh Subjeas are prohibited to fit out privateers againft the belligerents, their Subjeas, and pro perty. " 9th. A Swedifh Ship cannot be employed by a belli- , gerent power to tranfport troops, arms, or any warlike implements. Should any captain be compelled to do fo by fuperior force, he is bound at leaft to exhibit a formal pro- teft againft fuch violence. " 1 oth. , When a merchant Ship is not under convoys and happens to be brought to by a Ship of war or privateer belonging to any of the belligerents, the captain Shall not, in that cafe, oppofe the fearching of his veffel, but be bound faithfully to fhew all acts and documents which relate to her cargo." The captain and his people are ftriaiy' pro hibited from keeping back or destroying any of their pa- . pers. " nth. If, however, fuch Ship makes part of a con voy, the foregoing article Shall not Serve as the rule, but the captain's duty confifts in pimaually obeying the fignals ofthe commodore cf the convoy ; for which purpofe, there fore, he fhall feparate as little as poffible from the convoy. |' 1 2th. All captains are exprefsly forbidden to attempt going, into a blockaded port, as, foon as they are formally apprifed by the officer commanding the blockade. In or der to afcertain what a blockaded harbour is, this appella tion is confined to thofe, to which, by the exertions ofthe blockading power with fhips deftined and adequate to the objea, it is evidently dangerous to attempt, running in. " 13th. In cafe any Swedifh merchant Ship is capture ed by a Ship of war or privateer of any of the belligerents, the captain Shall immediately tranSmit a circumftantial ac count, and duly explained to the Swedifh conful, or vice conSul of. the place to which the Ship is taken j and fhould there NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 421 there be no conful or vice conful there, he fhall tranfmit a A.D. memorial to the Swedifh conful of the diftria to which the l8o° place into which the fhip is taken belongs. " 14th. Every captain of a Swedifh merchantmen, who ftriaiy obferves the above regulations and orders, Shall en joy a free voyage, protested by the laws of nations, and the provifion of treaties; and to this end,- all public agents and SwediSh confuls are required, in cafe of attack or infult, to give their fupport to the juft and well-founded complaints on the fubjea. But thpfe, who in any point whatever negfea or violate their orders, muft anfwer for the confe- quences of their condua, without relying upon the protec- , tion of his Majefty. " 15th. By, the contents of a recent order, his Majefty has prohibited the privateers of a foreign nation to enter, or bring their prizes into the ports of his kingdom, except in cafe of their being driven in by ftrefs of weather. In this cafe it is exprefsly prohibited to all whatfoever, to buy the prizes, or any of the effeas which the privateers have taken. " To which /end, publication, &c. Given at St. Peterf- burghDec. 23, 1800. (" Signed) Gustavus Adolphus." It having been well underftood that Denmark had alfo ac ceded to the above convention, Mr. Drummond, his Ma jefty's miriifter at Copenhagen, tranfmitted the following. note to the Danifh Minifter for foreign affairs. December 27, 1800. " The Court of London, informed that Denmark is carrying on with aaivity negociations very hoftile to the interefts of the Britifh empire, thinks that it cannot better fulfil the duties which fuch a circumftance prefcribes, than by addreffing itfelf direaiy to the minifter of his Danifh Ma jefty, to demand from him a frank and fatisfaaory explana- tiqn. In all the courts of Europe, they fpeak openly of a confederacy between Denmark and fome other powers, to oppofe, by force, the exercife of thofe principles of mari time laws on which the naval power of the Britifh empire in a great meafure refts ; and which, in all wars, have been followed by foe maritime States, and acknowledged by their tribunals,, E e 3 « His A22 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. «" His Britannic Majefty* relying with confidence upon 1800 the faith ofthe engagements recently contraaed between the two courts, has not demanded from him any explanation on this head. It was his wiSh to wait for the moment when the court 'of -Denmark Should think it its duty to contradidt thofe reports, fo injurious to its good faith, and fo little compatible with the maintenance of the good understanding which had been re-eftablifhed between the two countries. At preSent, the condua and the public declaration of one of the powers, which it is pretended has entered info this confe deracy, do not permit his Majefty to preferve any longer towards the reft the fame filence which he has hitherto ob ferved. The underfigned,' therefore, finds himfelf hound to demand from his Excellency Count de Bernftorff, a plain, open, and Satisfaaory anfwer, on the nature, objeft, and extent of the obligations which his Danifh Majefty may have contraaed, or the negotiations which he is carrying on with refpea to a matter, which So nearly concerns foe dignity of his Britannic Majefty, and the in terefts of his people. His Britannic Majefty, always ready to return all the marks of friendfhip which he may receive on the part of his Danifh Majefty, hopes to fina, in the anfwer of the Court of Copenhagen to this requeft, only a new occafion of manifesting theSe diSpofitions. In tranf- rcitfifig 'his note to the fecretary of Slate, the unflerfighed avails himfelf, with pleafure, of this opportunity, to aflUre him of the high confideration with which he has the honour to be his very humble and very obedient fervant, '< W. DRUMMON!!.'' Anfwer of Count Bernftorff. " The underfigned fecretary of (late for foreign affairs, having given an account to the king, his mafter, of the contents of the note which Mr. Drummond has done him • the honour to tranfmit to him on the 27th inftant, is au- thorifed to return the anfwer which follows . The court of London muft have received very incorrea information, to have been able for a moment to prefume, that Denmark had conceived projeas hoftile againft it, or incompatible with themaintenance of the good understanding which fubi Sifts between the two crowns ; and the king is very much obliged to his Britannic Majefty, for haying fornifhed him with the opportunity of contradi&ing, in. the moft pofitive manner, NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 423 manner, reports as ill founded, as contrary to, his moft de- A.D. cided fentiments. The negotiation which is carrying on J8o° at St. Peterfourg between Ruflia, Pruffia, Sweden, and Denmark, has no other -objea than the renewal of the en gagements, which in the year 1780 andi78i, were con- traaed by the fame powers for the fafety of their naviga tion, and of which a communication was at that time made to all the courts of Europe, His Majefty the Emperor of Ruffia, having- propofed t$ the powers of the north, to re- eftablifo thefe engagements in their original form, Den mark has fo-much the lefs hefitated to confent to it ; as, far from having ever abandoned the principles profeffed in 1780, fhe has thought it her dutyto maintain them, and claim them upon all occafions, and not allow herfelf to ad mit, in refpeft of them, any other modifications than thofe which refult from her treaties with the belligerent powers. " Very far from wifhing to interrupt thofe powers in the exercife of' rights which the war gives them, Denmark introduces into the hegotiation with her allies, none but views abfolutely defenfive, pacific, and incapable pf giving offence or provocation to any one. The engagements She will make will be founded upon the ftriaeft fulfilment of the duties of neutrality, and of the obligations which her treaties impofe upon her ; and if She wifhes to Shelter her innocent navigation from the manifefl abufes and violence which the maritime war produces but too eafily; ftie thinks foe pays refpea to the belligerent ppwers, by fop- pofing, that, far from wifhing toauthorife or tolerate thefe abufes, they would on their fide, adopt meafures bed calcu lated to prevent or reprefs them. Denmark has not made a my fiery to any one of the objea of her negotiations, upon the nature of which fome fufpicion has been infufed into the court of London ; but fhe has not thought that She has , departed from the ufual forms, in wifhing to wait the defini tive refult (}f it, in order to communicate an official ac count of it to the powers at war. The underfigned, not knowing that any of the powers engaged in this negotiation has made a. declaration, or adopted meafures relative to this objea, at which Great Britain might take offence or um brage, cannot, without ulterior explanation, reply to this point of Mr. Drummond's note. Much lefs does he con ceive in what refpea the engagement, taken by the previous Convention of the 29th of Auguft, to thofe which Den- E e 4 mark 424 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. mark is about to enter into with the neutral and united 1800 powers of the north ; and in all cafes in which he Shall find himSelf called upon to combat, or remove the doubts that Shall have been conceived with refpedt to the good faith of the King, hefhali confider his talk to be very eafy, as long as this good faith fhall be introduced into the reproaches or the fufpicions advanced againft his Majefty. He flatters himfelf that the Englifh government, after having received the required explanations, willjiave the franknefs to allow, that the provifional and momentary abandonment, not of a principle, the queftion with refpea to which remained un- , decided ; but of a meafure, whofe right has never been, nor ever can be contefted, cannot be found at all in oppofi- tjon to the general and permament principles, relative to which the powers ofthe north are upon the point of efta blifhing a co-operation, which, fo far from being calculated to compromife their neutrality, is defliried only to drengthen it. The underfigned would fain believe that thefe expla nations will appear fatisfaaory to the court of London; and that the latter will do juriice to the intention and. fenti ments of the King, and particularly to his Majedy's invari able defire to maintain and cement, by all the means in his power, the friendfoip and good underltand ing which fub- Sift between Denmark and Great Britain. He has the honour to offer to Mr. Drummond, the afl'urance of his moft diftinguifhed confideration. ^ , " -(Sighed) Bernstorff. " Copenhagen, Dec. 31, 1800." Propofals for Peace. Bonaparte, after his return from Egypt, having placed himfelf at the head of the French nation as chief conful, on the 25th of December, 1799, addreffed a' letter to the King of.Great Britain,' with propofals for a general peace, to which Lord Grenville was direaed to give an anfwer. The terms not being confidered honourable to the intereft or welfare of Great Britain, the negotiation wasdifcontinued. In the month of September, a correfpondence was again entered.into between Great Britain and France, in hopes of its being the happy means, of introducing a negotiation for a general peace. The following were the projeas pro- pofed for a Naval armitlice :— the firft projeft offered, by France— NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 425 France — the counter projea by England; and fecond pro- A.D. jea tranfmitted in anfwer by France, which was finally *8qo rejeaed by the Britifh government, in confequence of its requiring it to enter into a feparate treaty. translation. Projed. " Art. l. There foall be a fufpenfion of hpdilities be tween the fleets and armies of the French Republic, and thofe of Great Britain. " Art. 2. The fhips of war and merchant veffels of each natipn fhall enjoy a free navigation, without being fub jea to any fearch, and Shall obferve the ufage eflablifhed previous to the war. " Art. ,3. All veffels of either nation captured after the of Fruaidor, fhall be reftored. " Art. 4. The places of Malta, Alexandria, Belleifle, fhall be affimilated to the places of Ulm, of Philipfburg, and of Ingoldadt; that is' to fay, all neutral or French veffels foall have permiffion freely to enter them, in order to furnifh them with provifions. " Art. 5. Thp fquadrons which blockade Breft, Cadiz, Toulon, and Flufhing, fhall return into their own har bours, or at leaft Shall keep out of fight of the coaft. ' " Art. 6. Three Englifh officers fhall be difpatched, one direaiy to the admiral commanding in the Mediterra nean ; another to the commander of the fquadron before ' , Malta; the third, to the commander of the blockade at Alexandria, to notify to them the prefent armiftice, and to convey to them orders to conform themfelves thereunto. The laid officers Shall pafs through France, in order the. more expeditiously to arrive at their destination. " Art. 7. His Catholic Majefty, and the Batavian Republic, are included in the prefent armiftice. y Counter ProjeSi. " It haying been agreed that negotiations'for a general peace be immediately fet on foot between the Emperor of Germany, his Britannic Majedy, and the French Republic ; and an armiftice having been already concluded between the forces of his Imperial Majefty and thofe ofthe French Republic; it is agreed, that an armiftice . fhall alfo take place between the1 426 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. the forces of his Britannic Majedy, and thofe of theFrenrfy 1800 Republic, on the terrtis, and in the manner following: that is to fay — " Art. 1. All hostilities, both by fea arid land* between the forces of the two contraaing parties, fhall be fufpended, and fhall not be. renewed until after fourteen days notice given of the termination pf the armiftice. This notice* in fo.far as relates to the parts of Europe north of Cape St. Vincent, muft be given by one of the governments to the other, and is to be re-ckohed from the day in which the fame Shall be received by the government to whom it is givefl. In the Mediterranean, Or other parts of the world, the no tice muft be given by the refpeaive commanding, officers. But in cafe of the renewal of h'ofti lities between Auftria and ' France, the armiftice between Great Britain arid France is likewife to be confidered as terminated, fo foon as Such renewal of hoftilities fhall be known to the officers com manding the Britifh forces, except only in fo far as relates to prizes of merchant veffels, which fhall be regulated by the third article of this convention. " Art. 2. Orders fhall be immediately fent by the two governments to their officers in the different parts ofthe world, to conform ourfelves to this agreement, fea paffes Shall be given to the fhips which are to carry thefe. orders; and his Britannic Majedy's officers to be fent for that pur pofe through France; Shall be furnrfhed with the heceffarv paffports and facilities to expedite their joUrney, All prizes made in any part of the world during the con tinuance and operation of the armiftice, by any officers having aaualiy received due notice of this agreerhenf, fhall be redored ; and generally, whether fuch notice foall have been received or not, all prizes made in the Channel, or in , the North Seas, after twelve days, (to be reckoned front the exchange of the ratifications of this convention,) fhall be redored ; and the fame periods fhall be allowed in this refpea for the other parts of the world, as were Stipulated by the 22d article of the preliminaries of the laft peace.. "Art. 4. Malta, and the maritime towns and ports of. Egypt, Shall be placed on the fame footing as thofe places' which, though comprifed within the demarcation of the French, army in Germany, are occupied by the Auftrian troops, confequently nothing Shalt be admitted by fea which can give additional means of defence, and provifions only ^NAVAL CHRONOLOGY^ 427 for fourteen days at a time, irt proportion to the confump- A.D. tion, as it fhall be afeertained by commiffianers to be named *^00 for the purpofe, who fhall have power to eflablifh the ne ceffary regulations for giving effea tb this ftipulation, conT formably to the principles of the 4th article of the con vention." TRANSLATION. Projecl. " In confideration of its having bfeen agreed that nego tiations for a general peace foall be immediately opened be tween the French Republic and its allies on one fide, and his Imperial Majedy, his Britannic Majefty, and their allies, on the other fide ; and that the armiftice which has already been concluded between the armies ofthe French Republic, and thofe of his Imperial Majefty, may be prolonged, if any equivalent armiftice fhould be concluded between the forces of the French Republic and thofe of his Britannic Majefty, the two governments have agreed to conclude the faid armidiceupon the following conditions : " 1 . AU hodilities by fea and land between the two na tions, foall be rufpehded, and fhall not be renewed until af ter a month's notification prior to the end of the armidice. In all parts of the world the armiftice fhall not be broken without the exprefs orders of the contraaing. governments ; and hostilities fhall not be renewed until a rnonth after the notification which may have been given by the general or commanding officer of one of the two nations, to that of the other nation. " 2. Orders fhall be immediately tranfmitted by the two governments to the commanding officers in the feveral parts of the world, direaing them to aa in conformity with this convention. Paffports fhall- be given to the per fons who fhall carry out thefe orders ; 'and the officers of his Britannic Majefty, who fhall travel through France for this purpofe, foall receive fafe conduas, and the neceffary facilities for accelerating their journey. " 3. All' prizes made in any part ofthe world during the continuance of the armiftice, by any officer having aaualiy received the notification of this convention, fhall be reftored. And generally, (whether this notification fhall have been made or not,) all prizes made in the Channel, pr in the North Seas, atfter twelve days, (to be computed from 428 JJAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. from the exchange of the ratifications of this convention,)^ 1800 (hall be redored ; and, in regard to this Objea, the terms Shall be fixed for the other parts of the world, conformably to the ftipulations of the 22d article of the preliminaries of the laft peace ; whence it refults, that, computing from the day of the faid exchange, all trading veffels of either nation fhall have the power, of putting out to fea, and of navigating freely as before the war. " 4. Malta and Egypt fhall be affimilated to the places in Germany ; which, although blockaded hy the French, army, have been permitted to enjoy the benefit ofthe cdn- % tinental armiftice : Malta fhall be furnifhed with provifions for fifteen days at a time,, at the rate of 10,000' rations per diem. With regard to Egypt, fix French frigates fhall have the liberty of failing from Toulon, of unlading at Alexandria, and of returning without being fearched, and without Suffering any opposition during their paffage, either from Englifh fhips, dr from thofe of the allies of Great Britain. An Englifh officer of rank fhall for this purpofe embark on board oiie of the frigates, and Shall travel through France on his way to Toulon. " 5. The blockade of Breft, of Toulon, and of every other French port, fhall be razed ; and all the Britifh cap tains foall receive inftruaions. qot to interrupt the trade of any veffel either entering therein, or going out thereof. No fhip of the line, however, of two or three decks,; aaualiy at anchor in the faid ports, fhall be at liberty to go out before the renewal of hostilities, Sor the purpofe of changing its ftation ; but frigates, floops, and other fmall Ships of war, may freely go out and navigate, and in the event of their meeting at fea, with Ships belonging to his Britannic Majefty, they fhall obferve thexuftoms edablifhed 1 before the war. " 6. The, land forces in the pay of his Britannic Ma^ jelly, fhall not have the power of difembarking in any port of Italy during the continuance of the prefent ar-> mi dice. " 7. The allies of France, namely, Spain, the Bata vian Republic, and Genoa, fhall participate in the benefit of the prefent armidice. (If his Britannic Majefty infills upon including his allies in the armidice, they fhall enjoy the fame advantages with thofe of France.) «« 8 th. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 429 " 8th. The prefent convention fhall be ratified, and A.D. the ratification exchanged in the Space of ten days, or l$oa Sooner, if it fhould be poffible. Vice Admiral Lord Keith, early in the year, cruized off the harbour of Valette, in the ifland of Malta, to prevent the French from, throwing any fuccours into it. His lordfhip having received certain intelligence, that an enemy's fquadron was expeaed to make the attempt-!— direaed Lord Nelfon to proceed to windward ofthe ifland, to look out with three fail of the line,t the Lion to keep off the paffage between. Goza and Malta, and the Alex ander off the S. E. fide of the ifland, whilft he remained in the Queen Charlotte, with the Phaeton, Serena, Nea politan ,frigate, and the Minorca floop, clofe in with the mouth of the harbour. On the morning at day-light, on the 1 8th of February, Lord Nelfon difcovefoa the Alexander in chace of a line of battle fhip, three frigates; and a corvette. About eight o'clock foe fired feveral foot at one of the enemy's frigates, which ftruck her colours, and leaving her to be fecured by the Ships a-ftern, continued the chace. The Audacious and El Corfo were ordered to take poffeffion of her. At half paft- one P. M. the enemy's frigate and corvette tacked ; but the line of battle Ship not being able to tack without coming to aaion with the Alexander, bore up. The Succefs being to leeward, Captain Peard with great judgment and gallantry, lay acrofs his haw fe and raked him with feveral broadfides ; in* paffing the French fhip's broadfide feveral fhot ftruck the Succefs, by which one rrian was killed ; the mafter and eight men wounded. At half paft four, the Foudroyant and Northumberland coming up, the former fired two fhot, when the French * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 402. Fleet in the Mediterranean. •(• Ships. Guns. Commanders. v„„ j,.„„or,, s„ 5 R-ear Admiral Lord Nelfon. Foudroyant, - 80 «] Capt. Sir Ed. Berry. ; Audacious, - . 77 D. Gould. Northumberland, 74 > Geo. Martin. Succefs, - 32 S. Peard. El Corfo, (brig) • 16 W. Rickets. , ' Ship 430 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Ship fired her broadfide, and druck her colours. She »8do proved to be Le Genereux,* of 74 guns, bearing the flag of Rear Admiral Perree, commander in chief of the French naval force in the Mediterranean, having a number of troops on board from Toulon, bound for the relief of Malta. Lord Nelfon attributes the capture ©f this fhip fo the extreme good management of Lieutenant William Har rington, who commanded the Alexander in the abfence of Captain Ball. His Lordfhip alfo fpeaks highly of the gallant behaviop? of Captain Peard. Tht other fhip taken- was a large armed tranfport, with ftores, provifions, &c. for Malta. On the 14th of March, Lord Keith iffued a procla mation wherein he fignified to all neutral powers,, that the ports of Toulon, Marfeilles, Nice, and the- cOaft of th? river of the Levant were in a ftate of blockade. On the 17th of March, Vice Admiral Lord Keith or dered Captain Todd to proceed with the Queen Char* lotte of 1 10 guns, to reconnoitre the ifland of Cabrera, *bout thirty miles from Leghorn, in the poffeffion of the French, and which it was his lordfhip's intentions to attack, On the morning of that day, when the Queen Charlotte was about three or four- leagaes from Leghorn, fhe was difcovered to be on fire. Every poffible affiftance was immediately forwarded from the fho're; but a number of boats, it Seems, were deterred from approaching the Ship, in confequence of the firing of the guns, which were Shotted, and when heated by the fire, discharged their contents in all direaions. Mr. John Bairdi the carpenter, who was one of thofe faved, gives the following Statement of this melancholy anil ' calamitous difafter. " He reports^that about twenty minutes afteij fix o'clock in the morning, as he was dreffing himfelf, he heard through out the fhip a general cry of* fire.' On which he immedi ately run up the fore ladder to get upon deck, and found the whole half deck, the front bulk head ofthe admiral's cabin, the main malt's coat and and boat's covering on the boorhs all in flames; which from every report and, probability, he • One of the fhips thatefcaped out of the bay of Aboukir, on the 3d of Auguft, 1798. apprehends NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 431 apprehends was occasioned by fome hay, which was lying A.D. under the half-deck, having been fet on fire by a match in ,85° a tub, which was ufually kept there for fignal guns. The main-fail at this time was fet, and almoft inftantly caught fire; the people not being able to come to the clue garnets on account of the flames. " He immediately went to the forecaftle, and found Lieutenant Dundas and the Boatfwain encouraging the people to get water to extinguifh the fire. He applied to Mr. Dundas, feeing no other officer in the fore part of the Ship (and being unable to fee any on the quarter-deck, from the flames and fmoke between themj[ to give him affiftance to drown the lower decks, and fecure the hatches, to pre vent the fire falling down. Lieutenant Dundas accord ingly went down himfelf, with as many people as he could prevail upon to follow him ; and the lower deck ports were opened, the Scuppers plugged, the main and fore hatches fecured, the cocks turned, and water drawn in at the ports, and the pumps kept gofog by the people who came down, as long as they could (land at them. " He thinks from thefe exertions, the lower deck was kept free from fire, and the magazines preferved for a long time from danger -f nor did Lieutenant Dundas, or he, quit this Station, but remained with all the people who could be prevailed upon to (lay, till feveral of the middle deck guns came through the deck. " About nine o'clock, Lieutenant Dundas, and he, finding it impoffible to remain any longer below, went out at the foremoft lower deck port, and got. upon the fore caftle ; on which he apprehends there were then about 150 of the people drawing water and throwing it as far aft as poffible upon fhe fire. " He continued about an hour on the forecaftle, and finding all efforts to extinguifh the flames unavailing, he jumped from the jibb-boom, and fwam to an American boat approaching the fhip, by which he was picked up and put into a Tartan, then in the charge of Lieutenant Stew art, who had come off to the affiftance of the fhip.' (Signed) " John Baird." Leghorn, March 18, 1800. Captain- Todd, with Mr. Bainbridge, the firft lieute nant remained upon deck to the laft moment, giving orders for 432 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. for Saving the crew without thinking or providing for theiV ,1800 -0wn fafety. About 167 only were faved out of the fhip's company, which .amounted to upwards of 840. >¦ A Lift of the Officers, &c. who were on Shore at Leghorn on Duty, when his-Majefty's Ship, Ojhieen Charlotte, was , Burnt. Vice Admiral Lord Keith ; and with his lordfhip, Lieutenant John Stewart. Mr. Brown, Secretary. Mr. James Meek, fecretary's clerk. George Sutherland, fervant to Lord Keith. Matthew Milldridge, (boy) fervant to Lieutenant Stewart. ' On Shore, not knowing the Ship was ordered 'to Sea. TheRev. Samuel Cole, chaplain. Mr. John Greenway, matter's mate. Mr. John Lloyd, "> . ,„ . Mr. Charles Rutherford, j> midfhipmen. Mr. William Wakelin, fecretary's clerk. Lift ofthe Officers faved from the Wreck. Lieutenant Archibald Duff. Alexander Campbell. Hon. G. H. L. Dundas. Lieutenants Fergufon and Peebles, of marine.. Mr. John Baird, carpenter. M. Andrew Dickfon, gunner. Mr. Fran. Erflc. Lock, "| > Mr. Thomas Howard, ' Vmidfhipmen. Mr. Charles Wood, J Mr. John Larby, fecretary's office, and 146 feamen and marines. 1 Lift ofthe Officers loft in the Shieen Charlotte, off Leghorn . , Roads, March ijth. Captain Andrew Todd. William Bainbridge, , "J James Erfkine', I Lieutenants. Kolecken, (Ruffia navy) J Captain NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 432 oatt } mafters mates. > midfhipmen. Captain Jofeph Bredpn, marines; A.D. Mr. Thomas Whidden, mafter. • 28oo Mr. Thomas Marfh, purfer. Mr. John Frafer, forgeon. ' Mr. John Bridgeman, boatfwain. Mr. Roger Major, Mr. Heaor Ray, Mr. Griffith Bowen, Mr. William Robinfon, Mr. J. A. B.: Frederick, Mr. Norman Macleod, Mr; James Vane, Mr. Francis Leith. Mr. John Franklin, Mr. Silverius Moriaty, Mr. Thomas Bridgeman, fon fo the boatfwain, Mr; Charles Dickfon, fon to the gunner, '- Mr. Edward Brown, Mr. William Penman, Mr. John Smithers, v Mr. James Erfkihe Scott, Mr, John Campbell, . Mr. Campbell Douglas, Mr. Adam Rutherford, Mr. Francis Searle, Mr. George Searle, Mr. James Somerville, Mr. William Beville, fecretary's clerk. Mr. Robert Holt, fchoolmafler. 'Mr. John Ray, captain's clerk. , Mr. Robert Martin, T| Mr. John Pocock, .- V furgeon's mates. M. — — — Sproule. J In confequence of the lofs of the Queen Charlotte, Lord Keith hoifled his flag on board the J^udacious, and Soon after fhifted it to the Minotaur. His lordfhip proceeded with part, of his fleet off Genoa, which port he blocked up ; v, and continued to co-operate with the Auftrian general Melas, until the beginning of June, at which time the French army evacuated that, city and the whole Genoefe territory. Vol. III. Ff During J 434 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY* A.D. During the' blockade of Genoa, the city and Mole were j Sod frequently bombarded by the Britifh flotilla; in one of thefe attacks, Captain Philip Beaver, of the Aurora, who was entruded by Lord Keith, with the command, of it, in a moll Spirited and gallant manner, under a fmart fire of cannon and mufquetry from the moles, 'and enemy's armed veffels, attacked, boarded, carried, and brought off their largeft galley, La Prima of 50 oars, and 257 men armed, mounted with two brafs 36 pounders, and 30 br'afs fwivels in her hold. Only four men were wounded in performing this fervice. , • On the 21ft of March, Captain Auften, in the Pettefell floop of war, flood into the bay of Marfeilles; and within fix miles ofthe town, moft gallantly, attacked, a fhip,. brig, and xebecque corvettes belonging to the French republic ; drove; on fhore the Ship and xebecque, and brought' off the brig, without fudaining any lofs in men, and but little damaged in the rigging, &c. although at one time within a cable's length ofthe fhore expofed to two batteries.. The Ligu'rienne brig taken, was mounted with 16 guns and 104 men, commanded hy a, Lieutenant de Vaifleau, who with one feaman was killed ; and two wounded. This veffel was built on a peculiar plan, being faflened throughout with fcrew bolts, fo as to be taken to pieces and fet up again with eafe. 1 The' prifoners informed Captain Auflen, that the fhip was Le Cerf, mounting 14 guns, and the xebecque. Le Joillet of 6, guns. The important fortrefs of Savona, was obliged to fur render, being reduced to famine on the 16th of Mayl The blockade of this place was intruded to Captain Downman of the Santa Dorothea, who with Captain Settimo of the Ne apolitan brig Strombolo, and Lieutenant Jackfon, aaing captain of the Camclion, executed it with 1 much perfeve- rance and aaivity. Captain Manley Dixon, being ftationed off Maha, with a Tquadron of fhips of war,* in order to prevent fuccours * Stops. Guns. Commanders. -ki°n> - 64 Capt. Manley Dixon. Foudroyant, 80 Sir Ed. Berry. Alexander, 74 Lieut. Harrington, afting. Penelope, - 32 H. Blackwood. Minorca, (brig) 16 Geo. Miller. Vlnceg°> - Geo. Long. ~— * Broughton. being „, , NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 435 being thrown in, or any of the enemy's (hips of war A.D. efcaping out of foe ports. Gn the night ofthe 30th of 1800 March, Captain Dixon, for the purpofe- of obferving the enemy's motions more narrowly, direaed Captain Black wood, in the, Penelope, to Stand cloSe in to the Valette. About midnight, an enemy's Ship was defcried by him, when the Minorca was Sent to inform Captain Dixon of it; Captain Blackwood making 'alfo the neceffary fignals, and giving chace himfelf. The fquadron which was at anchor, inftantly cut or Slipped their cables, 5nd went in pur- fuit under a preSs of Sail ; guided Solely by the cannonading ofthe Penelope. At day-break the Lion had arrived within gun fhot of the chace, and the Penelope was obferved to ,-/ be within mufquet foot, raking her, the effeas of whofe well directed fire during the night, had fhot away her main and mizen top-mads and main yard; theenerny appeared in great condition, being reduced to his head fails, going with the wind on' the quarter. The Lion was run clofe alongfide; the yard-arms of both Ships being juft clear, when a deftruaitfe broadfide of three round fhot in ^ach gun was poured in, luffing "rip acrofs the bow, when the enemy's jib-boom palfed between the main and., mizeri fhrouds ; after a fhort interval the boom was carried away, and. the fhips difentangled; Cap tain Dixon's objea was to prevent either being boarded, or expofing himfelf to the powerful broadfide ofthe enemy; he therefore maintained his pofition acrofs her bow, firing to great advantage ; whilft foe could only return with her bow chafers and mufquetry, which was prodigious,' being full of troops. In about fifty minutes after the engage ment began, the Foudroyant came up under a prefs of canvas, and hailed the enemy to ftrike, which being de clined, a mod gallant arid furious aaion enfued, the Lion and Penelope frequently doing great execution ; in about an hour and a half, the enemy being completely difmaded, ftruck. She proved to be the Guillaume Tell, of 86 guns, and IOOO men, bearing the flag of Rear Admiral Decres, the Only remaining fhip of the French fleet which was in the aaion of the id of Augud, 1798. -On this fhip's arrival in England her name was changed to the Malta. The Foudroyant had 8 men killed, and 61 wounded. „' F f 2 The 436 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. f A.D. The Lion, 7 killed, and 38 wounded, 1800 The Penelope, 2 killed, and 2 wounded. Captain Sir Edward Berry * was Slightly wounded, bnt did not quit the deck ; Lieutenant A. Blare, Philip Bridge., boatfwain, Edward Weft, Grenville Proby, Thomas Cole, midfhipmen, wounded. Irion — Mr. Hugh Roberts, midfhipman, killed; Mr. Alexander Hood, wounded. Penelope— Mr. Damerel, mafter, killed ; Mr. Silthorpe; midfhipman, wounded. , , -* The French account of this Aclion, fent by Vice Admiral Decres, to the Minifter of the Marine and the Colo- nies. 1 - _ ift FloYeal, Sth. Tear. ¦ " Citizen Minifter, " I, have foe misfortune to tranfmitto you, an ac count ofthe capture ofthe fhip William Tell, commanded by Captain Saun'rer, and on board of which I had recently hoifted my flag. It jwas on the 8th Germinal, 'at eleven o'clock at night, when the fhip left the port, fhe moon had gone down about an hour ; fcudding before the wind, She had already doubled a part of the enemy's fleet, when foe was recognized by a frigate, which immediately pur- fued her, at the fame time firing her guns in Order to point out the chace, and bring up the enemy's Ships. It was the Penelope of 44 guns, which unfortunately gained ground of the William Tell ; She- gained fo faft upon her, that, at one o'clock on the morning of the gth, foe was- near enough to fire right into her ftern. The William Tell returned the fire from her ftern dialers ; her fhot feveral times (truck the Pepelope, but did not prevent her repeat ing her fire during the whole or the night, with all the advantage fhe derived, from her fuperior ftyle of failing,, and the choice of pofition, as well as from the neceffity which compelled me to fly. An hundred times I was tempted to manoeuvre in order to cripple her from fighting, * In June, the royal fafhily of Naples, came from Palermo to Leg horn, on board the Foudroyant ; before they left her, the Queen, pre fented Sir,' Edward Berry with a gold box, fet with diamond's) and a •iarnond ring, as NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 437 as well as fome cutters that followed her, and annoyed us A.D. with their fire; but as the wind blew.frefh, and I obferved, t8oo notwithstanding the darknefs of the night, feveral fhips at the extremity of the horizon in full fail to fupport her, I was fenfible that by lying to, I Should be giving them all time to come up, and that my efcape would be im poffible. We were thus annoyed during the whole of the night, by this frigate, whofe.fire brought down our njain top-maft about five in the morning. At that moment the Lion of 64 guns, came up within mufqueffhot to the larboard of the William Tell, while the Penelope conti nued firing a-ftern. For three quarters of an hour, during which time the. Lion was on our quarter, a' brifk fire was maintained on both fides. At laft her's Slackened, and we were within piftol fhot of each other, when, per ceiving that there was not a tingle perfon on the quarter deck, I ordered Captain Saunier to feize the firft opporr tunity of boarding. The firft attempt made by that gal lant officer did not fucceed, owing to the precautions of the enemy ; but having tried a fecond effort, the William Tell's bowfprit was entangled in the fhrouds of the Lion, and we Should certainly have Succeeded in boarding, if our howfprit had not gone in two, and difengaged the fhips, at the moment when one of our Sailors had reached a part of their rigging, and a trOop of brave fellows were preparing to follow him. This coup de main failing, the Lion with- ' . out a Single Sail, her rigging cut to pieces, and her mafts, ready to go by the board,, was compelled to fall back with out firing a tingle cannon. The William Tell for fome minutes purfued her, but was Soon compelled to quit her, in order to receive the Foudroyant, who now took part in the engagement. It was about fix o'clock, the Fou droyant of 84 guns, one of the fined veffels in England, paffed a-ftern of the William Tell, calling out to her to Strike, and at the Same time pouring i rriher whole broad-* fide. Jn'conSequence of their manoeuvres the two Ships were Soon alongfide of each other, the Foudroyant on the Starboard, and the Penelope on her quarter; the fire at that moment on both fides was terrible, we continued as clofe to each other as it was poffible, without being able to board. In about thirty-fix minutes the fore-maft of the William Tell gave way, and at three quarters paft fix her main-maft fharecf the fame, fate. The fails and rigging of foe foudroyant were s Ff 3/ cut 438 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY.' A.D. cut to pieces, and fhe was for fome time ungovernable, 1^°° and as her ftern was towards us, her mizen-maft was divi ded, and feveral of her yards were hanging in different direc tions. 'In the mean time the Lioii, which had retired from the engagement for more than an hour,1 had repaired her damage, and returned to attack us on our larboard. In the ftate in which the William Tell was, I cdnfefs I had but little hopes of the iffue of fo unequal a combat, but the determined refolution of her crew was fuch, that I was certain She would be dearly purchafed by the enemy ; be sides while the fhip was manageable, we were capable of Shy bold attempt, without dread of the confequences.' It was for that reafon I ordered Captain Saunier to board the Foudroyant, whofe fire I perceived had abated. The com mander feized the firft opportunity* that prefented itfelf, and rufhing' fuddenly on her flarboard, he croffed her bowfprit. The enemy judging of our intention, manoeuvred' in order to prevent our boarding ; the two veffels nearly touched each other, but could not abfolutely meet. The refult of this manoeuvre was, that the Foudroyant, which had already loft her mizen-maft, was terribly mauled both fore and aft, her fore-top-maft had fallen, and She was fain to Sheer off with what mafts fhe had Standing. During the reft of the engagement She kept at a diftance, which did not admit of our boarding her. It was theh that Captain Saunier, who had direaed the manoeuvre with uncommon ability, was feverely wounded. He was immediately re placed by Lieutenant Donadieu, an officer of very great merit. From feven o'clock the William Tell, having only her mizen and mizen top-maft' left, had to engage, two fhips ofthe line and a frigate; fhe anfwered their fire by , both her broadfides, and frequently by her guns a-fterri. The rigging had feveral times taken firej and had been re-' peatedly extinguished; feveral explofions which I had heard On board the ene'triy's Ships, affured me that the fame acci dent had happened to them". Unfortunately the falling of the mafts obftruaed the working of feveral of our larboard guns; arid We were obliged to be continually throwing wa ter on that fide where the ruins of the mafts and rigging, Which we we're- finable to remove with Sufficient Speed, threatened every moment to fet fife to the fhip. At eight o'clock (and I mention this moment, b^eaufe I cannot de- , , termine what -was the ftate of the guns at the end of foe '' [ aaion) NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 43$ aaion) there were two deftroyed by the enemy's Shot, and A.D. nineteen dismounted without reckoning thoSe on the quarter >8eo deck. As the main-maft had been twice cut, one of the pieces, which was fourteen feet long, lay acrofs the quarter deck, and fo entirely obftruaed it, that it was impoffible to move. Notwithstanding the accident, and the appear ance of the blood, which .overflowed all the decks, the refo lution of the crew feemed to increafe.; and notwithstanding the united fire of three fhips of the line, the defence of foe WilliarhTell, at half paft eight, was ftill vigorous; at that moment her mizen-maft fell on the flarboard fide*. The whole of that fide againft which the fire ofthe Lion was di reaed, was obftruaed by the mafts. The enemy taking ad vantage of our embarraffed fituation, were able to chufe that which was moft convenient for them, while it was impof fible for us to avail ourfelves ofthe fame advantage. The Foudroyant which had received the moft of our fire, was unable to haul on our flarboard, but the Lion was on our larboard quarter, though her Sails, rigging, and yards were cut to. pieces. At length the Penelope, which had received but little damage, headed us, and the William Tell re ceived the' fire of all the three, without a maft flanding, the , Ship ungovernable, reeling from the violent motion of the ' waves, which She had no maft or Sail to counteraa, we were obliged to Shut our lower ports, in order to prevent her filling. In this fituation it was too evident, not only that it was impoffible to Save the fhip, but that it was out of. my power further to injure the enemy. I was fenfible, that the men I might lofe,by a longer refiftance, would be the ufelefs viaims of a vain obftinacy ; upon this conviaion, and perfuaded that the defence of the William Tell had been in every refpea truly honourable, I thought it my duty to fubmit to fortune ; and about 35 minutes paft nine, after the fhip was a wreck, the flag was ftruck. The Penelope was the only Ship able to take poffeffion other, and board her with a fufficient number of failors to carry her to Syra cufe. The enemy did not attempt to conceal the confide rable lofs they fuftained ; ,and from what I have feen, and what I was informed immediately after the affair, it is cer tain that in this refpea, the vanquishers have not been more fortunate than the' vanquished. I deem it fu peril uous to. make any encomiums on the condua of the crew of foe WiUiam Tell; the faa alone of the engagement, and of F f 4 the 440 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. the' three. attempts to board, which, notwithftanding the I?00 fuperiority of the enemy,, promifed fuccefs, will fufficiently inform you, citizen minifter,, what confidence I wasjuftly infpi red with by the talents of the captain, the devotion of the officers, and =the bravery of the whole crew I had the honour to command. ' . - " Decres." On the 6th of April, the boats of the Mermaid, Captain Oliver, cut out fix veffels, and deftroyed three others which had taken Shelter under a fort near Cape Corfette. On the 6th of April, Rear 'Admiral Duckworth being ojr| a cruize with a fmall fquadron off the Straits, fell in with, - and after a Short running fight, captured part of a Spanifh convoy, with two ofthe frigates out of three which were efcorting them.* They were bound to Lima, and richly laden. The Carmen had on board the Archbilhop of Buenos. In the month of June Rear Admiral Sir Richard Bick-. erton arrived in the Mediterranean, and was foon after fent by Lord , Keith to command the blockade of Caidiz.-fc. , Upon his' arrival off this port, he gave frefh notice to the | foreign confuls refiding in that city, that the port of Cadiz. continued in a ftate of blockade. All neutral veffels going into that harbour unloaded, would pafs free and without being fearched ; "but that no loaded fhips- coming from that port, would be permitted to fail without a paffport firft obtained from the commander in chief in the Mediterranean.' On the night ofthe 24th of Auguft, the French frigates * British. Ships. Guns, Commanders. Leviathan - v. 5 Rear Ad. Duckworth. _-¦ ¦ T ( Capt. J. Carpenter. ' Swiftfure - ^4 B. Hallowell. Emerald - 36 T. M4 Waller. Spanish. , Stops. Guns. Men. Commanders. - v Carmen - 36 340 Don Franqu'in Porcel, Commodore.- florentin - 36-314 Don Manuel Norates. ' The Spanifh frigates had on board, 3000 quintals of quickfilver. + Appendix, Chap. JL No. 4^3. Squadron at the blockade of- Cadiz. - . , . ...'-. y . ¦ La ' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY., '441 La Juftice and La Diane, flipped out of the harbour of A.D- Valette, in hopes to efcape the vigilance of the Britifh crui • l°Q0 zerS employed at the blockade of Malta ; they were howevei difcovered, purfued, and after a chace of feveral hours, L. Diane, of 42 guns, having on board only 114 men, was taken: La Juftice efcaped. She was the only veftel re maining which had not been either taken or dedroyed of the •fleet at Aboukir. Capf. W. Ricketts, ofthe El Corfo floop of war, with the Pigmy cutter, having been fent by Lord Keith to deftroy fome veffels in the port of Cefenatico, finding it impoffible to approach within gun foot of the Mole, on the night of the ?6fo of Auguft, difpatched Lieutenant John Lucas Yeo, with the boats, to perform this fervice, which he executed with great judgment and gallantry; deftroyed thirteen vef fels, five of which were Sunk at the mouth of the harbour, and both piers entirely confumed. That the intent of this enterprize might not be Iod on the coaft. Captain Ricketts fent in the following note. " To the Inhabitants of Cefenatico. " The treachery of yonr municipality, in caufing to be arrefted an officer with difpatches, has been long known to the Britifh admiral in thefe feas. " The municipality may now fadly know that the fe venty of judgment,, long delayed, is always exemplary. " That the innocent fuffer with the guilty, thongh much to be regretted, is the natural feature of war ; and the more terrible ' the infliaion on this <5ccafion, the more (Inking the example fhould prove to furrouriding municipalities. r ' " W. Ricketts." On the evening of the 3d of September, Captain T. Louis, of the Minotaur, difpatched the boats of that fhip, with thofe of the Niger, to cutout or deftroy two Spanifh corvettes, which were lying in- Barcelona Roads, which were fufpeaed to be laden with ftores, &c, for the relief of Malta. ' The command of this enterprize was intruded to Captain Hiliyar, of the Niger, and Lieutenant Schomberg, of the Minotaur, who volunteered their fervices ; affifted by Lieutenants Warrond and Lowry, ofthe Minotaur; Healy, of the Niger; Lieutenant Jewell, of the marines; \ and Mr. Reid, mafter. 1 ' ; ' ¦'; About 442 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. About eight o'clock the boats put off from the fhip ; as 1800 they rowed towards the fhore, a Swedifh veffel was difco vered Handing into' the road, of which circumftance Captain Hillyar availed himfelf, by putting on board of her a num ber of his people, and taking the boats in tow, got along, fide the corvette about nine o'clock, without being per ceived, or the enemy even fufpeaing that he was in danger of an attack. The alarm was no fooner given, than a heavy fire commenced from the fhips, four flrong batteries, ten gun boats, two fehooners, and Shells thrown from the fort of Mount Joui. At ten the corvettes were carried, after a dout refidatice, and brought off. They proved to , be El Efmiralda and La Paz, each mounting 22 brats guns, about 400 tons, laden with provifions, Stores, &c. Suppofed bound to Batavia, on Dutch account; as feveral Dutch officers were found on board, and they were to have taken 300 troops of the regiment of Batavian Swifs on board at the ifland of Majorca. The lofs fudained,, amounted to two feamen killed and five wounded belonging to the Niger; Mr. Reid, mafterof the Minotaur, flightly wounded. La Paz had one killed, and four wounded; Efmiralda, 2 killed and 17 wounded. The capture of thefe veffels, Under cover of a neutral flag, became a fubjea of muchdifcuffion between the courts of Spain and Sweden, with the other northern dates and Great Britain. It was no fooner known at Madrid, than the following circular letter was addretfed by the Spanifh mi nister to the foreign ministers at the court of Spain, com plaining of the violation of the right of neutral flags. Circular Letter to the Ambaffador and Foreign Minljlert to the Court of Spain. " Sir, ** I have the honour to communicate tq you a copy of the memorial which the King, my mafter, has ordered me to fend to his minifter at Stockholm, in order to be tranf* mitted to the miniftry of his Swedifh Majefty. " The principles which are eftablifhed in it, and the event which has given rife to it, are of a nature So intereft all the commercial nations of Europe, particularly the neu tral powers.' "¦ - ¦ rt' «' His Majedy is perfuaded that your government wiU 1 fee the affair in the fame point of view, and he flatters himfelf NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 443 himfelf that it will concur in effacing, as much as poffible, A.D. from the annals of this war an attack fo dedruaive of the l8o° confidence and hofpitality of which neutral and friendly flags enjoy. " I repeat the affurances of my confideration and edeem, and I am Sir, &c. '» (Signed), Chevalier D'UrQuijo." V St. Ildephonfo, Sept. 17, 1800." Letter to the Minifter of Foreign Affairs of the King of Sweden. *' Sir, V The King, my mader, has feen with the greateft indignation, by a report which the Conful of his Swedifh ¦ Majedy at Barcelona has tranfmitted to the Captain-Gene ral of Catalonia, containing the declaration of Captain Rudbardt, ofthe Swedifh galliot the Hoffnung, that on the 4th of September lad, in the afternoon, two Englifo fhips of the line and a frigate forced the faid captain, after having examined and foUnd his papers according to rule, to take on board Englifh officers, and a confiderable number of failors,' and to fuffer himfelf to be towed at night-fall by feveral Englifh chalops to the harbour of Barcelona, and under the cannon of its batteries. " That the Englifh having reduced the faid captain and his crew to filence, by holding a piftol at his breaft, got poffeffion of the helm, and made .at nine P. M. by mean's of the faid fhip and the challops furrqunding it, an attack upon two frigates under the Spanifh flag, who were there at anchor, who, not fufpeaing that this friendly and neutral fhip concealed enemies on board, and could be made ufe of for the moft attack, were taken almoft by fur- prize and forced to furrender. ¦ "¦ I refer you for the, other particulars, and for the vio lence committed by the Englifh on the Swedifh fhip, to the declaration ofthe captain hereunto annexed. " The King, my mafter, could not confider that event but as intereding the rights, and wounding the interefts of all the powers of Europe, without excepting England ; and above all, as the heavieft infult to the flag of his Swedifh Majefty. ' " In faa, it is evident that the belligerent powers^ by , admitting neutral fhips into their harbours and ports, wifhed * to 444 NA^AL CHRONOLOGY, A.D. to foften the fcourge of war, and to preferve thofe commer. 1800 cial relations between the people of different natibns,. which .. their mutual Wants require. \ " Every thing therefore that tends to render the naviga tion fofpecled arid dangerous^ injures in an equal degree, the rights. and interefts of all nations. ' " But in the prefent cafe, the rights and honour of the Swedifh flag have been Violated in fo outrageous a manner, that few examples of fuch a violation can be found in the naval hiflory of Europe. • " The attack, if it were to remain unpunifhed,. would' tend to embroil two friendly powers, annihilate their com mercial relations, and caufe the flag which fhould Suffer it toube confidered as the Secret auxiliary ofthe enemy's powers, and would thus force Spain to take fuch meafures as the in. tered of his veffels and the fecurity of his ports Should edm. mand. ; ¦"' / " Yet the King, my mafter, wifhes ftill to believe' that the Swedifh captain has not been guilty of the leaft cdfmj, vance with the E^ngliSh, and that he yielded only to their force and their great number. " Under this fuppofition, the King has ordered me to lay before his Swedifh Majefty, this grievous infult com mitted, againft his flag; and not doubting the refentment which he will feel at a procedure equally low and difloyal on the part of fome officers of the Britifh navy, he expects that the Court of Stockholm will make to the Englifh Mi niftry the moft ferious reprefentatipns, in order that the offi cers who have rendered themfelves culpable upon this occa- i fion, be puhifhed Severely, and that the two Spanifh fri gates forprized and carried off from the harbour of Bar celona by a ftratagem equally contrary to the rights ofna- tions and the rules' of war, be immediately redored with their cargoes, as having been illegally furprized by means of a neutral fhip, which ferved as an instrument 'tontne affailahts". r . " His Catholic Majefty thinks himfelf fo much the more entitled to confider the fuccefs of this reclamation as certain, as the Englifh government even cannot diffemb^ that its enemies,: by followirig a fimilar example, might themfelves alfo make ufe of neutral veffels to infeft its har bours, and do in its ports all, poffible damage. , ' ' ¦•'• « But Naval chronology. 445 " But if, contrary to all expeaation, the Steps of his -^D- Swedifh Majefty, at the Court of London, to obtain repa- ° ration for the injury done to his flag, as well as the reditu* tion of the two Spanifh frigates, fhould not have the defired fuccefs before, the end of this year, his Majedy will be obliged, though with much regret, to adopt, towards the Swedifh flag, meafures of precaution which fhall in future Shelter his harbours and ports from an abufe as dangerous and revolting, as that which the Englifh have juft com* mitted. " I have the honour to be, &c. " Chevalier D'Urquijo, Si. Ildephonfo, Sept. 19, 1.800. Note— The declaration of the Swedifh captain gives ari historical recital oSthe tranfaaion. STATE PAPER. Note tranfmitted by the Swedifi Miniftry to the Minifter of his Catholic Majefty at Stockholm, in anfwer to the Repre- .. feniations of the Spanifh Court, dated St. Ildephonfo, ¦ - Sept. 17, 1800. " Drottningholm, October 22, 1809. " His Swedifh Majefty has underftood with the utmoft ' Concern the ^violence ufed by fome officers of the Englifh navy, towards a merchant Ship from Swedifh Pomerania, by employing the fame in an hoftile enterprife. againft two frigates in the Road of Barcelona. He perfeaiy accords with his Catholic Majedy, with refpea to the light in which this new abufe of power is to be confidered, and the common danger which fuch examples muft occafion both to neutral and belligerent powers. His Majefty will therefore immediately make remonftrances to the Court of London, to .which he is equally induced by his friendly conneaions with the Spanifh court, and the violation of the neutrality of- his flag. In thefe remonflrances, which will have for their firft objea the right of the Swedifh flag, and of Swe difh fubje&s, His Catholic Majedy will certainly admit it to be right that the King fhould confider himfelf as the S' 'rincipal party ; but while he attends to his own interefts, e will not negtea thofe of Spain. Juftice requires that what has been obtained in an unjuftifiable manner fhould be 446 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. be reflored. His Majefty will demand, but without aft- i8op fwering for the confequence of this meafure. He will, when it Shall be time, make confidential communications to the Spanifh court with refpea to the difpofitions which the Englifh government (hall manifest on the fubjea ; but the juftice of his Catholic Majefty will undoubtedly leave to him foe free choice ofthe forms and means to be employed in this negotiation, nor attempt to limit any precife time and mode of reditution. Spain and all Europe are ac quainted with the long procefs which Sweden has carried on in London on the fubjea of reditution ; and there can be no reafon to expea that Speedier juftice will be done in a caufe which requires reditution to be made to an enemy. In the mean time, his Swedifh Majedy cannot confider himfelf as liable to any kind of refponfibility with refpea to an affai^ to the caufes of which he was an entire riranger. According to the riatement of the Spanifh court itfelf," it was,, under the circumdance in which it took place, not foppofed that the Swedifh government and nation were in volved in it. It would be much to be lamented, fhould the injuftice of a third power be able to break connexions' which feveral direa difcuffions during the prefent war have not altered. Unfortunate events of this nature have fre quently, taken place, and feem as if they were peculiar to Spanifh ports. A Swedifh fhip which was taken, by the Englifh in the harbour of Paffage itfelf; a fecond Swedjfh Ship plundered and entirely deftroyed by the French in Ali- cant ; and feveral others taken by French privateers at the entrance of the harbour of Malaga, have occafioned his Swedifh Majefty to make friendly reprefentations and re- monrirances to foe court of Spain, to procure refped and fecurity to the trade of his kingdom. His Majedy would have been happy to have feen the Court of Spain manifeft • in his favour the fame energy with which it now makes com plaints : but the fruitleffnefs of his remonftrances never in duced him to pafs the bounds of that moderation and can dour which fooUld be cultivated by friendly courts, and fo which his Majefty trufts the court of Spain will return, when it Shall have carefully inquired into the true caufes of the different accidents which have occafionally taken place in its ports. The underfigned, Chancellor of the Court, has the honour to make the prefent reprefentations to the Chevalier de la Huerta, envoy extraordinary from his Ca- fholic. , NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 44? tholic Majefty, as an anfwer to his communications of the .D.A 17th of September, and avails himfelf with pleafure of the l8o° opportunity to exprefs his efteeem, &c. "(Signed) Von Ehrenheim." Reply ofthe Spanifh Minister to the Note tranfmitted to him, hy the Swedifi Minister. " Stockholm, December 29, 180c. '¦* I have this moment received from my court an anfwer to the difpatches, in which I communicated the firft Steps I had taken with his Swedifh Majefty, when I had the honour to prefent my firft note on the fubjea of the outrage of which the Englifo were guilty in the Road of Barcelona. " The King, my mafter, has obferved with regret the coldnefs with which the Swedifh court has received the complaint, while it has configned itfelf to feeble and inde- cifive meafures, from which it does not even indulge the hope of any advantage. This view of the matter Shews the 'fmall intereft with which Sweden is prepared to aa in the bufinefs. 41 I cannot conceal from you, Sir, that this inaaivity, which is obferved in the applications ofthe court of Sweden to that of London, might afford room to believe that this negotiation 1 will be conneaed with other objeas of private intereft, which demand temporifing meafures, incompa tible with that energy and zeal which his Catholic Majefty expeaed to fee difplayed by his Swedifh Majefty, in regard to an affair, which, as it involves the honour of his flag, would have afforded him an occafion to have proved to Eu rope the warm part he takes in the intereft of the maritime Eowers, as well as to tedify the value he puts upon the good hderdanding which hitherto has prevailed between the two courts. " In purfuance of a new order from my court, I re peat, and formally infift on what 1 demanded in my laft note of the 17th of Oaober. I fondly flatter myfelf,' that his Swedifh -Majefty will adopt far more aaive meafures than the contents of your note allowed me to hope. It is not-probable that you will expofe Swedifh fhips to all the feverity ofthe meafures which circumdances require to be cxercifed againft fufpeaed veffels, and whofe condua might be confidered as connived at, unlefs the Swedifh court re ceives 448 ftAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. ceives from England the moft ample reparation' refpe&ing- i8,So the affair at Barcelona. , , .:, -; " I have the honour to he, &c. . (Signed) " The Chev. de Huerta.'' The following Note was lately delivered by the Swedifh Mi" nifter for foreign Affairs,, to the Minifter of his Prufjidtt. Majefty at Stockholm, on the Subjeif of the Affair at Barcelona." Having ftated to the King, the manner in which his Pruffian Majefty has viewed the memorial of the court of Spain, on the fubjea of an infult offered to the Swedifh flag by the Englifh; the .'underfigned chancellor of the court, has been commanded to exprefs to M. de Tarach, the grateful acknowledgments of his Majefty for tthe con stant attention which the court of Berlin has Shewn to the interefts bf the neutral flags, and the full confidence(which; he repofes in the mode in , which they are 'regarded by that court. " The king has viewed with furprife, the, public refporf- Ability to which the court of Spain has called Sweden upon this occafion, and the menaces which it has thereto added} notwithstanding all the vexations to which neuttal flags have -been, expojed during the prefent war, this is the moft oppreffive proceeding which they have yet experienced. Being thus inceffantly placed between the^offence and the" reparation, they muft foon be dragged into'a concern in the war,, or ceafe to appear on the feas where it is carried on. " Thefe truths involving confequences fo important tq' the other neutral powers, as well as to Sweden, his Swe dish Majefty could not, in general, take upon himfelf any Share of refponfibility for the improper ufe which the belli gerent powers may make ofthe SwediSh veffels which they may Seize upon. , " This principle appears to his SwediSh Majefty fo well founded, that he flatters himfelf 'the court of Berlin will give it all the Support which juftice and the common inte reft appear equally to demand; and. it has been hitherto reSpeaed amidft all the outrages which have been com mitted , NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 44Q hiitted on both fides, without which the war muft have AD. become general. Had the Ottoman porte, Ruffia, and I°00 England, attached Such reSponfibility to all the flags in the port of Alexandria — had they claimed the reftitutioh of Egypt from the refpeaive governments, becaufe their mer chant veffels had been compelled to carry French troops to take that country by furprife — and had they ufed the fame forms of application, and infifted on the fame peremptory terms and conditions — all commerce, all neutrality muft have been at once annihilated. His Majefty, therefore* conceived that the violence offered to the Swedifh flag at Barcelona was not to be treated in any other manner than that of which he had previoufly to complain; and he re- ferves to himfelf the privilege of demanding reparation for the injuries done to his fobjeas or his flag, at fuch oppor tunity, and by fuch means, as his particular fituation may afford. " His Majefty, however, ought not to conceal, that, in the prefent cafe, the injury, which has thence refulted to a friendly power, gives him fo much more uneafinefs, as he regards the capture made by the Englifh as very illegal, and' he is anxioufly defirous of being able, by his reprefen tations, to contribute to its restitution. " His Majefty will certainly make every exertion to effea an arrangement, upon which the continuance of ami cable relations between Sweden and Spain is unexpeaedly made to depend ; but he cannot, at prefent, take thofe fteps with refpea to the two frigates, which he has not hitherto taken with refpea to his own convoys, nor give the court - of Spain any better hopes than he has himfelf. " The underfigned embraces this occafion, &c. * (Signed) " D'Ehrenheim." On the 5th of September, the fortrefs of Valette, with the whole ifland of Malta, furrendered to the Britifh arms, aSter Suflaining a blockade of two years. The blockading fquadron* was commanded until the autumn of this year by Captain Alexander John Ball, of tbe Alexander, when the fervices of that vigilant officer were * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 404. Blockading fquadron, and naval •force taken in the harbour of La Valette. Vol. III. G g required 450 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. required on Shore ; + he was fucceeded by Captain Georgft 1800 Martin, who continued With equal perfeveranCe to cut off all Succours from being given^to the French. - The following were the Articles of Capitulation agreed upon between General Vaubois, commander in chief of the- Ifies &f Malta and Goza, and Rear Admiral Villeneuvei commanding the Navy at Malta on the one Part; and Major General Pigot, commander of the Troops of. his Britannic Majefty and his Allies, and Captain Martin, commanding the Ships of his Britannic Majefty and his Allies, before Malta, of the other Part. " Art. I. The garrifon of Malta, and ofthe forts de pending upon it, fhall march out to be embarked, and car ried f In February, 1801, Captain Ball was appointed commiffioner at Gibraltar'; upon his leaving Malta, he wrote the following addrefs to the inhabitants, viz. / To the dear Maltese. " The refpeftable orders of my fovereign, and the wife difpo fitions of my court, oblige me to ferve at a diftance from Malta, this well-beloved ifland. Before I depart from this happy country, and ' feparate myfelf from you, whom I nave always beheld with the eyes- of paternal tendernefs, I will not, nor cannot refufe to exprefs to you, the juft admiration with which you have infpired me in feeing you, for two years and more* not only refift the enemy »with the moft , intrepid courage, but confine and harrafs them with vigour in their entrenchments. It is with no lefs veneration that- I have obferved in you that fpirit, fuperior to all the fatal cdnfequences of the war ; and I fhall never forget with what conftancy you generoufly endured the want of provifions,. the difficulty of obtaining fupplies, and the inclemency ofthe feafons; in a word, that heroic conduct which I jhave conftantly admired in you; the remembrance of which will always be imprinted on my memory, which will always excite my juft ap- pla'ufe, and which merits that of the moft civilized nations, " I ?hall confider it as my duty to teftify to you my peculiar gra titude for the tender attachment you have fhewn towards me ; an attachment in every thing fimilar to that which, I .entertain, and fhall always .entertain for you; an attachment the fole caufe of the pain, I feel to feparate from you. But if aiiy confolation can moderate this pain, it is the conviction thatT leave you under the government of a worthy general, who- poifefles all the neceffary qualities for ob taining' your love; of a general, 'who during the fiege, having. had the honour of having you fome time under his command, as well as the other troops, has hr.d an opportunity of knowing your valour, your fidelity, and your obedience, and whom you now know well enough to be able to hope, and to promife to yourlelves the en joyment under his authority of that tranquility, and that happinefs which you defire. Receive then the affurance that I fhall never ceafe to love you until I ceale to live. Live then happy, my dear Maltefe,- and always remember your affe&ionate father and friend. (Signed) - , , "' Alexander John Ball- The order of St. Ferdinand and of Merit was conferred on Captain Ball, by his Sicilian Majefty, and confirmed by the King, Jan. 7, 1801.. On NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 451 fried to Marfeilles, at the day and time agreed upon, with A.D. all the honours of war; that is to fay, drums beating, co- 1800 lours flying, matches lighted, with two four pounders be fore them, with their covered waggon, and a covered waggon of infantry. The civil and military officers of the navy, and every thing relative to that department, Shall be alSo carried to the port of Toulon. " Anfwered. — The garrifon Shall receive the honours of War required; but as it is impoffible that they fhould all be embarked immediately* the following arrangement Shall be retorted to inflead. As foon as the capitulation .Shall be Signed, the forts Ricafoli and Tigni fhall be delivered up to the troops of his Britannic Majefty, and the fhips fhall be Suffered to enter the ports. The national gate fhall be oc cupied by a guard compofed of French and Englifh in equal numbers, until the fhips foall be ready to receive the firft embarkation ; the whole garrifon fh-U then march out with the honours of War to the fhips, wiiere they foall lay down their arms. Thofe wtw cannot form p«rt of the firft em barkation, fhall occupy the ifle and tbe fort Manuel, having an armed guard over them, to prevent them from efcaping into the adjoining country. The garrifon (hall be confi dered as prifoners of war, and are not to Serve againft his Britannic Majefty until they fhall be exchanged, for which the officers respectively foall give their parole. All the ar tillery, the ammunition, and public magazines^ of whatever kind, Shall be given up to officers appointed for that purpofe, , as well as public papers. " Art. II. The general of brigade Chanez,. commander ,'of the place and the forts, the general of brigade d'Hcnnezel, commander of artillery and engineers; the officers, jnferior officers^ and foldiers, by land; the officers, crews, and men employed in the navy; citizen Pierre Alphonfp Guys, commiflary general of commercial connection with fhe French republic in Syria and Paleftine, now at Malta by accident, the civil and military agents, ordinaries and com- miffaries of war and navy, civil adminiftrators, members of any of the conftituted authorities, fhall carry off their arms, their perfonal property, and their effects of every kind. . «' Anf. — Granted — With the exception of the arms laid down by the foldiers, in conformity with what is provided by the firft article. On the 6th of June, the fame year, he was created Baronet of Great Britain. d. st 7. " Art: 452 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY1. A.D. «j Art. tt j_ A]j perfons of every country, who* nave 1800 borne arm's' for the republic, during the fiege, Shall be con sidered as part of the garrifon. Anfwer Granted. " Art^.IV. The divifion Shall be embarked at the ex- pence of his Britannic Majefty.;, Every officer or perfon employed, fhall on the paffage, receive, the fame rations,- as are by the laws and regulations of the French allotted to them. The officers who are members of the civil admini- niftrations Shall -be put on the Same footing, both with re- fpect to themfelves and family, as military men of a corre sponding rank. " Anfwer — Granted — In conformity with the cuftoms of the Englifh navy, which allot the Same ration to all ranks and conditions whatever. " Art. V. The neceffary number of waggons and floops fhall be provided, in order to, tranfport and to remove *<$n board of fhip the private property of the generals, their aids-de-camp, the ordinaries, and commiffaries, chiefs of corps, officers civil and military, &c. Their property and their papers' Shall not be Subject to any fearch or inSpection upon the promife of the general's Stipulating that there Shall be no public property among them. Anfwer — Granted. " Art. VI. Some veffels belonging to the republic, able to keep the fea, fhall depart at the fame time with the divi fion, to go to a part of France, after being provided with the neceffary provifions. , AnSwer — Refuted. " VII. The fick who are able to be tranfported, Shall be embarked with the divifion, and provided witti provifions, medicines, furgeons chefts, and officers of health, necef fary for their cure during the paffage, Thofe who are not able to be tranfported, fhall be treated with the neceffary care; the general in chief leaving at Malta a phyfician and Surgeon in the fervice of France, who Shall attend them ; they fhall be furnilhed with lodging gratis, if they come out of the hofpital, and they' Shall be Sent to France, as Soon as their fituation will permit, with all that belong to them; and in the fame manner as the garrifon. The general in chief of the fea and land forces evacuating Malta, intruft them to the honour and humanity of the Englifh general^ , AnSwer— Granted. « Art. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 453 st Art. VIII. Every individual, of whatever natio,n, A.D. inhabiting foe ifland of Malta, or the others, fhall neither be l8oc> troubled, nor difturbed, nor molefted on account of their political opinions, nor for any part of their conduct during the time that Malta has been in the power of the French government. This article applies principally and in its full extent, to thofe who have taken arms, or have filled civil, adminiftrative, or military employments. They Shall not be called to an account for any thing, much lefs profe- cuted for the a£ts of their commiffion, " Anfwer — This article does not appear capable of being made the object of a military capitulation; but all the inha bitants who Shall defire to remain, may be affured of being treated with juftice and humanity, and fhall enjoy the full protection of the laws. " Art. IX. The French who inhabit Malta, and the Maltefe of whatever ftate they may be, who wifh to follow the French army, and to go into France with their property, fhall be at liberty to do fo. Thofe who have moveables or immoveables, which cannot be immediately fold, and who may have the intention of going to refide in France, Shall be allowed fix months from the date of the Signing of the prefent capitulation to fell their landed or. moveable pro perty. Thefe proprietors fhall be refpected. They Shall adt for themfelves, if they remain, or by their authorifed agent, if they follow the divifion. When they fhall have finished their affairs in the time agreed on, they foall be furnifhed with paffports to go to France, transporting or caufing to be transported, the moveables which may remain to them, as well as their capitals in money or bills oF ex change, according as it may fp happen. " Anfwer— Granted — In the fenfe of the reply to the preceding article. " Art. X. As foon as the capitulation is Signed, the Englifo general Shall leave entirely to the difpofition of the general commanding the French troops, to caufe a felucca to depart with the neceffary equipage, and an officer charged to carry the capitulation tp the French government. The neceffary Safe copducl: Shall be granted to him, AnSwer — Granted, "Art. XI. The articles of the capitulation being figned, / there Shall be given up tq the Englifh general the forts calfed des Bqmbes, which fhall be occupied by an equal Gg 3 ' guard, 434 NAVAL CHKONOLOGY. A.D. guard of Englifo and French troops. It Shall be cohfigned 1800 to this guard not to fuffer to pafs into the city, either any foldiers of the befieging troops, or any inhabitants, of the iflands, till foe French troops Shall be embarked, and out of .fight of the port. In proportion as the embarkation goes on, the Englifh troops Shall occupy the pofts by which the places may be entered.. The Englifh general will per ceive that thefe precautions are indifpenfable, that no dif- pute may arife on the fubject, ar,d that the articles of the capitulation may be religioufly obferved. " Anfwer — Granted — Conformable; to what is provided by the reply to the firft article ; and all precautions fhall be taken to prevent the Maltefe troops from approaching the pofts occupied by the French troops. " Art. XII. All alienations or fales of moveables, or immoveables by the French government during the time it has .remained in. poffeffion of, Malta, and all tranfactfons/ between individuals fhall remain inviolable. ", Anfwer — Granted — So fat as they fhall be juft and lawful. " Art. XIII. The agents of the allied powers, who fhall be in Valetta after the furrender ofthe place, Shall not be difturbe'd in any thing, and their perfons and property fhall be fecured by the prefent capitulation. , Anfwer — Granted — " Art. XIV. All Ships coming from France, whether' Of war; or of commerce, which Shall enter this port, Shall not be confidered as prizes, nor the crews made prifoners, for the firft twenty days after the date of this capitulation,' but they fhall be fent back to France. Anfwer — Refuted— " Art. XV. The commander in chief and the* other generals, Shall be embarked with their aids-decamp, and' the officers attached to their Suite, without being Separated, " Anfwer— -Granted. "Art.' XVI. The prifoners made during the fiege, in cluding the crews of foe WiUiam Tell and the Diana, friall be confidered as part of the garrifon ; and the fame regu lation to extend to the crew of La Juftice, if fhe fhould be taken before She reaches any of the ports of the re public. : 4 • : '. r .- ... "¦ Anfwer— -The crew of the William Tell is already1 exchanged} NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 455 * ¦ , exchanged, and that of the Diana will be taken to Minorca, A. D. in order to be exchanged immediately. l°9° " Art. XVII. AH the'property Which belongs to the republic, Shall not be Subject to reprifal of any fort, under any pretext whatfoever. " Anfwer — Granted. " Art. XVIII. If any difficulty fhall arife upon the conditions of the capitulation, they fhall be interpreted in the moft favourable manner for the garrifon. " Anfwer — Granted — According to juftice. " Executed at Malta, on the |th of September, 1800.(Signed) Vaubois, General of Divifion. Villeneuve, Rear Admiral. Pigot, Major General. Captain MARTIN> Commander of the foips of his Hritannic Mnjefty, and thofe of his al lies, before Malta. On foe 13th, Vice Admiral Lord Keith arrived with the fleet at Gibraltar, accompanied by fev-eral tranfports hav ing on board- upwards of j.0,000 troops commanded by General Sir Ralph Abercrombie. This armament was joined by other tranfports with troops, under Sir James Pulteney. The whole amounted to between 18,000 and 20,000 men. The fleet and tranfports having failed from Gibraltar, anchored between Tetuan and Ceuta; and on the 3d of , ' October got under fail and paffed the Straits.* On the 4th, it entered tbe bay of Cadiz, and anchored between it and St. Pietri. An arragement and difpofition was imme diately made for the landing of the troops, in order to proceed to the attack of the town of Cadiz, and the forts in its vicinity , A violent epidemic difeafe at this time raging in Cadiz, the governor reprefented the miferable fituation of its inha»- bitants to the general and admiral, communicated to them by 3 flag of truce bearing the following letter. * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 405. Gg-4 'rt 645 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, ^g^" To the Englifh Admiral, u The affliction which carries off -in this city and its environs thouSands of victims, and which threatens not to fufpend its ravages until it has cut off" all who have hitherto efcaped, being calculated to excite cbmpaflion; it is with furprize that 1 fee the fquadron under the command of your excellency, come to augment the confterriation of the Inhabitants. I have too exalted an opinion of the hu manity of the Englifh people, and bf yours in particular, to think that you would wifh to render our condition more deplorable. However, if in confequence of the orders your excellency has received, you are inclined to draw down upon yourfelf the execration of all nations* to cover yourfelf with difgrace in the eyes ofthe whole univerfe, by 1 oppreffing the unfortunate, and attacking thofe who are fuppofed to be incapable of defence ; I declare to you, that the garrifon under my orders, accuftomed to behold death with a ferene countenance, and to brave dangers much greater than all the perils of war, know how to make a re fiftance, which Shall not terminate, but with their entire destruction. " I hope that the anfwer of your excellency will inform me, whether I am to fpeak the language of confolation to the unfortunate inhabitants, or whether I am to roufe them to indignation and vengeance. " May God preferve your Excellency, Oil. 5, t8oo, « Thomas de Merla." " The veffels employed in the blockade have not, till now, prevented the fifhers from exercifing their harmlefs induftry. It muft excite aftonifhment, that your excel lency Should deprive us of this fmall comfort," Anfwer NAVAL CHRONOLOGY* 457 A D Anfwer to the above, by the Commanders of the Sea and Land y g0O" Forces, of his Britannic Majefty ± forming the Expedition before Cadiz. On board his Britannic Majefty's Ship Foudroyant, off Cadiz, Oil. 5. ^l We have, had the honour of receiving your ex cellency's letter of this date, in which you defcribe to us the deplorable ftate of this city. , " We are deeply afflicted at the calamity, though we have good reafon to believe that its effects have been much lefs difaftrous. '* We are not ignorant that a great number of his Ca tholic Majefty's veffels are armed, in order to join the naval forces of the French, and to be employed in prolong ing the troubles which afflict all the nations of Europe, dif- turb public order, and deftroy the happinefs of individuals. We have received orders from our fovereign, to ufe every effort to defeat the projects of the common enemy, by en deavouring to take or deftroy the fhips of war which are in the harbour and arfenal of Cadiz. " The number of troops entrufted to our command, leaves but little doubt as to the fuccefs of the enterprize. We are little difpofed to multiply unneceffarily the evils in- feparable from war. * " Should your excellency confent to give up to us the veffels armed or arming, in order to act againft our King and to prolong the misfortunes of neighbouring nations, - your crews and officers fhall be at liberty, and our fleet fhall withdraw; otherwife we muft act conformably to the orders which have been given to us, and your excellency cannot attribute to any other than yourfelf the additional evils Which you fear. « We have the honour to be with refpect, &c. " R. Abercrombie, *' Keith. c{_ A frigate will remain in the harbour to wait for the an fwer of your Excellency, that there may be-no delay." Don Missing Page NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, A5Q On the night of the 23d of November, the crew of the A D. Albanefe bomb ketch rofe upon Captain Newcombe, and :^00 having fecured him and his officers, carried the veffel into. Malaga.* On the 9th of December, the Sir Thomas Paifley armed brig of 16 guns, commanded by Lieutenant Nevin, was captured, after a very gallant refiftance of two hours and a fialf, off Ceuta, and carried into Algefiras by a Spanifh gun veffel of fuperior force. Mr. Nevin was wounded in three places, his mafter badly wounded, three men killed, and eight wounded. EVENT6 I,N EGYPT., In the month of December, 1799, propofals were made by General Klebert for the evacuation of Egypt ; and it ¦was agreed by him and the Grand Vizier, that the con ferences fhould be held on board the Tigre. Accordingly, on the 2 1 ft of the above month, General Defaix and M. PouifielgUe, who had been appointed by General Kieber, plenipotentiaries, repaired on board the Tia;re, and opened the conferences with Sir Sidney Smith, to whom die Grand Vizier had given power to treat. A gale of wind forced the Ship to fea, where fhe continued 18 days; at her return, foe plenipotentiaries were landed. During their continuance on board the Tigre, the follow- * See Captain Newcombe's court-martial, occurrences Mediterra nean, in the following year. f On the 24th of Auguft, 1799, Bonaparte left Egypt on his return to France; he was accompanied by General Berthier, Lannes, and Mu rat, generals of divifion ; Marmont, general of brigade ; Andreoffi, general of artillery ; the chief of brigade, Beffieres, who commanded the guides; the three phi lofophers, Bertholet, Monge, and Arnaud. He left a letter for General Kieber, affigning his reafons for having fo abruptly quitted the army, and appointing him commander in chief. 1 On the 13th of September Bonaparte arrived at Ajaccio, in the ifland of Cornea ; and on the 7th of October reached Frejus Bay, near Toulon, having narrowly efcaped the purfuit of fome Britifh cruizers, which chaced for fome hours the fhip in which he was embarked. It i# faid, that in a council held when purfued, whether they fhould fail back to Corfica, or attempt to make the coaft of France, Bonaparte faid, " Be not alarmed, fortune will not abandon me, let us make directly for the coaft." ing 4fJQ NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, A.D, ing propofitions were made by the French pi eni potential 1800 ries to Sir Sidney Smith> for the, evacuation of Egypt. " ift. That the Porte reftore to France all poffeffions which She may have taken from her during the war. " 2d. That the relations between the Ottoman Empire and fcthe French Repuhiic, be re-eftabliShed on the Same footing as before the war. « 3. That the French army evacuate Egypt, with arms and baggage, whenever the neceffary means for fuch evacua tion Shall have been procured, and to withdravv. to the ports, which Shall be agreed upon. « On board the Tigre, Sth Nivofe, year Sth, (2gtj) December, 1799- ) " Poussielgue and Desaix, " (A true copy) Sjbney S. by endeavouring to complete the conqueft pf Egypt. LETTERS RELATIVE TO EGYPT. LetUr from the Ruffian Ambaffador to Sir W. S. Smith. Conftantinople, Nov. 2, 1799. " The Letters of the French General in Egypt to the Grand Vis^r, having made the latter conceive the idea of endeavouring NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. , 4fi3 endeavouring to make them evacuate Egypt by the way A.D of capitulation, the miniftry here have requefted from 1^°° me the paffports neceffary for the fafe return of the French troops to France, fhould the "capitulation be really effected. I have thought it my duty to comply with the wifhes of the Porte ; and I have the honour of tranfmitting to you, inclofed, a copy of one of thefe paffports. " I at the fame time informed the Dragoman Frankini, tvhen I ordered him to fill up thefe paffports, that the Capitulation, as well as the execution of it, could not have full effect without your concurrence and approbation ; and that if any objections were made to my paffports, it, may be thrown alide, as your's alone would be equally refpected by the fhips of his Majefty, the Emperor, my mafter. « (Signed) M. Tamain." Letter from General Kleber to Citizen Poussielgue* " Head Quarters at Cairo, ,"jth Ventofe, (Feb. 26, 8th Tear.) " I received your letter from Rofetta, dated the 2d of this month : 1 had already forefeen what had already taken place before Alexandria with the commandant of the new cruizers, and I immediately informed Muftapha Pacha of ' it. I expect the courier to return this day, and his anfwer will determine the nature of the official note, which I 'pro? pofe to fend to him to morrow. As I do not fee in this bufinefs but a mifconceptjon, arifing from the command of the Mediterranean fleet having paffed into other hands, I fhall tdke advantage of the delay which this circum ftance will neceffarily occafion in our evacuation, -to pro long my flay at Kahira and in the Delta, for the Englifh government certainly means no more harm in all this than the Grand Vizier. " Signed) Kleber." Letter from Sir Sidney Smith to Citizen Poussielg(je. « On board the Tigre, March 8th, 1800;.' " I loft not a moment to repair to Alexandria as foon as I could complete the provisioning of my Ships, in order 464 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. order to inform you in detail, of the obstacles which my 1 800 Superiors have oppofed to the execution of any convention, fuch as I thought it my duty, to agree to, not having, re ceived the inftrudtions to the contrary, which reached, Cyprus on the 22d of February, bearing date the 10th of January. As to myfelf I Should not hefitate to paSs over any arrangement of an old date, in order to fupport what took place on the 24th and 31ft of January; but it would be only throwing out a foare to my brave antagonists, were I to encourage them to embark ; I owe it to the French army and to myfelf to acquaint them with the ftate ofthings, which however, lam endeavouring to change. At any rate I ftand between them and the falfe impreffions which have dictated a proceeding of this kind; and as I know the libe rality of my fuperiors, I doubt not, that I Shall produce the fame conviction on their minds that I feel myfelf refpecting the bufinefs which we concluded. A converfation with you would enable me tq communicate the origin and nature of this restriction ; and I propofe that you Should proceed on board an Englifh frigate to the commander' in chief in the Mediterranean, who has newly arrived, in order to confer with him on the fubject. I depend much on your abilities and conciliatory difpofition, which facili tated our former agreement, in order again to fupport my reafonings refpecting the impoffibility of revoking what has been formally fettled, after a detailed difcuffion and mature deliberation. I then propofe, Sir, that you fhould come on board, in order to confult on what is to be done in the difficult circumftances in which we are placed. I view with calmnefs the heavy refponfibility to which I am fubjected. My life is at flake— I know it ; but I fhould prefer an unmerited death to the prefervation of my exit-, tenee by expofing both my life and my honour. I have the honour to be with perfect confideration and high efteem> Sir, " Your very humble fervant, (Signed) " Sidney Smith.*' Letter .Naval chronology. 465 Letter from Citizen Pouffielgue to Lord Keith. On board the Confiance, iyh Germinal (April igth). - « My Lord,' " At this moment of quitting Egypt to return to France, in virtue of the convention, figned at El-Arifch, I learned at Alexandria the obftacles which your orders had raiSed to the execution of that convention, although it had been partly carried into effect, v/ith that good faith which the candour of the contracting parties muft have infpired. " I refolved to proceed directly to you, my Lord, to re- queft you to revoke your Orders. I with to explain to you all the motives that fhould induce you to adopt this mea fure ; or if you cannot content to what I defire, to Solicit that you will fendrne immediately to France, in order that the French government may treat directly with the Englifh government on this affair. " The lives of '50,000 men are at flake, who may be deftroyed without any motive, fince, according to the So lemn treaty made with the Englifh, Ruffians, and Turks, all hoftilities had terminated. " I have not powers ad hoc for the ftep I have taken; but there is no neceffity for claiming what would be con fidered as a right between nations the leaft civilifed. The demand appears to me fo juft and fo fimple, and befides fo urgent, that I have not thought it neceffary to wait for the orders of General Kieber, who, I am certain, would not confent to the fmalleft modification of the treaty, though his fidelity in executing it has rendered his pofition mt^ch lefs advantageous. " At the moment we concluded the convention of El- Arifch under the fimple pledge of Englifh good faith, we were far from fufpedting that obftacles would be ftated by that fame power, the moft liberal of thofe with whom we had to treat. . " For the reft, my Lord, I am not a military character, and all my functions have ceafed. Two years of fatigue and ficknefs have.rendered my return to my country indif- penfible. I afpire only to repofe with my wife and children, happy if I can carry to the families of the French I left in . Vol. III. H h Egypt, A.D. 1800 466 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 1 A.D. Egypt, the news that you have' removed the only obftacle bf 1 800 their return. (Signed) ' " Poussielgue." Letter from Lord Keith, to Pouffielgue, dated April 2$d. " I have given no orders or authority againft the obfervance of the convention between the Grand Vizier and General Kieber, having received no orders on this head from the king's minifters. Accordingly I was of opinion that his Majefty Should not take part in it; but Since the treaty has been concluded, his Majefty being defirous of Shewing his refpect for his allies, I have re ceived instructions to allow paffage for the French troops, and I. loft not a moment in fending to Egypt orders to per mit them to return to France without disturbance. At the fame time I thought it my duty to my king, and thoSe of his allies, whofe ftates lie in the feas through which they are to pafs j to require that they Should not return in a maSs, nor in Ships of war, nor* in armed Clips. I wifhed likewiSe that the cartels Should carry no merchandize, which would be contrary to the law of nations. I have likewife afked of General Kieber, his. word of honour, that neither he nor his army, wbuld commit any hostilities againft the coalefced powers, and I doubt not that General KJeber will find the conditions perfectly reafonable. " Captain Hay has received my orders to allow you to proceed to France with Adjutant General Cambis, as foon as he arrives at Leghorn.(Signed) «' Keith." From General Menou, to Sir Sidney Smith. " 'Head Quarters at Cairo, ift MeffidoY, Sth Year ofthe French Republic, one and indivifible. " Menou, commander in chief to Sir Sidney Smith} commanding his Britannic Majefty's Ship Tigre. " I, have' received, Sir, the letter which you have done . me the honour to wrjte from on board the Thjre, off Rhodes, on the 9th of June. As the execrablortmurder committed on the commander in chief, Kieber, Jfaas de- ' .prived' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 467 prived the French army bf their leader, I hav6 undertaken A.D. to command them. 1800 '? As your allies the Turks could not conquer the French at El Arifch, they made ufe of daggers. — which daftards alone employ to be revenged. " A Janiffary, fent from Gaza, forty-two days ago, has been chofen to perpetrate this horrid aft. The French wifo to believe that the muffulm'en are only guilty. The murder, Shall be made known to all nations, who all have the fame intereft to revenge it. The conduct which you, Sir, have yourSelf obferved refpecting the convention con cluded at El Arifch, plainly Shews me how I muft adti You demand the ratification of your court; and I too muft demand that of the confuls, who now govern the French republic, for all the treaties that may be concluded between the army under my command, the Englifh and their allies-, It is now tbe only legal and authentic method to be adopted in negociations. I, too, deleft the horrors of war, likfe you, Sir, and wilh to fee an end to the mifery it oc.calions; but I Will in no refpect act any wife contrary to the honour of the French republic and her armies. I am perfectly convinced that you. entertain the fame fentiments of good faith, honour, and morality, which ought to characterife treaties concluded between nations. " The French republicans are Hangers to thofe Strata gems of war, of which Mr. Morris's papers make men tion. They know no other rule of conduct, but cou rage in battle, generofity after victory, and the Strict ob- fervance of treaties. " One hundred and fifty Englishmen are prifonets of war here.* Had I only liftened to republican generofity, I would have fent them back without confidering them as prifoners^ for they have been taken on the coaft of Egypt, and without arms, and I am convinced that the confuls would have ap proved of my conduct. But your allies, the Turks, detairt the citizen and chief of brigade Baudet, adjutant of Ge neral Kieber, though his perfon ought to have been facred, even to barbarians, for he went on a parley. ""I have thus been forced againft my will and inclina^ tion, to ufe reprifals againft. your countrymen ; but they * Alluding to the officers aiid crew of his Majefty's ihip> Coftao- ram, which' was wrecked on the coaft. - H h k Shall 468 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. fljall be releafed the moment citizen Baudet fhall have1 readied 1800 Damietta. He Shall there be exchanged for Muftapha Pa- , cha, and other Turkifh commiffaries. If, as I make no doubt, you poffefs influence ' with your allies, this affair ' will foon be fettled. Your honour is interested in it, and it concerns 150 of your countrymen. " 1 have the honour to repeat to you, Sir, that with an enthufiaftic joy, I fhall fee terminate a war, which has fo long disturbed the whole world. It behoves the French and Englifh nations, to efleem and not to deftroy each other; but if they treat together, it muft be on conditions equally honourable to both, and equally conducive to their refpedtive welfare. « Pleafe to accept, Sir, of the moft Sincere affurances of my efleem and refpeet. < " I have the honour to be, Sec. (Signed) " Abdulla Bey J, Menou." Sir Sidney Smith's Anfwer to the foregoing Letter. " To General Menou, Commander in Chief of the French Army in Egypt. "Tigre, offjoppa, June Z2d, 1800.. . rt General, "'. I received this evening tbe letter, dated the 20th of June, which you have done me the honour to write me. fs.t the moment at which I expected to fee General Kieber, under the moft fortunate and favourable aufpices, I learn with the higheft chagrin, and with the greateft grief, his tragical death. I immediately communicated to the Grand Vizier, and to the Ottoman minifters, in the terms in which you communicated to me this melancholy event, and nothing but the certainty and the details with which you gave me this intelligence could have induced their excellen cies to believe it. " The Grand Vizier formally and officially declared to me, that he had not the leaft knowledge of thofe who com mitted this' affaffination; and I am very Sure that his decla- ' ration is true and Sincere; and without entering into the details of this melahchbly evertt, which gives me inexpref- fible uneafinefs; I Shall content myfelf with replying to the articles of your letter which treat of our affairs. « If NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 400 K If the Grand .Vizier has detained in his camp the A.D. aid-de-camp Baudet, who was fent to him at Jebill il 1800 Illam, it is becaufe his excellency did not think it right to fuffer any perfon to depart from his camp at the moment when he faw himfelf furrounded by his enemies. Baudet was retained at Jebill. ill Illam, as the Turkifh officers, deftined to ferve as hoftages reciprocally with him, were retained at Cairo. " This aid-de-camp has been fent to the Ottoman fleet . to be exchanged as you defired, and in the mean time, his excellency the Captain Pacha haying' arrived here, ¦ his abfence from the fleet has cadfed the del red exchange to be put off. When his excellency Shall have returned to his fleet, as the aid de-camp Baudet is before Alexan dria, the bufinefs ofthe exchange may be concluded if you think it proper. But I do not fee why you Should make it to depend upon an affair which only concerns you and the Porte, the fetting at liberty of 150 Englifo, who were Shipwrecked at cape Br.ulos. I expect from your good faith, and from your juftice, that according to the regulations agreed upon between our two nations for the reciprocal exchange of our prifoners, which we are authorifed tq carry into effect, you will permit the returnof Captain, Bretal,* his officers and crew, " The promifes which you make me in the hope of re ciprocal ones being made by me, cannot be applied to the circumftance, and I think k Superfluous to offer you in return foe promife of my good offices in favour of a per fon who finds himfelf in a difagreeable fituation which I myfelf have experienced. I am perfuaded that the Grand Vizier will give the ftamp of his generous and high appro bation to all the honourable proceedings we may have one, with another. The Stratagems of war are unknown both , to you and to us; and befides, that, I fhall continue to comport myfelf towards you with the fame franknefs, and the fame good faith that I have hitherto done, I Shall earneftly employ all my efforts'to prevent any perfon , with- whom I have any influence, from holding a conduct contrary to thefe principles. Be perfuaded 'that the hoftile difpofition which has been announced, by the firft oppoirt tion to the execution of the treaty, and which has acquired f J rather fuppofe the If on, Captain Boyle. H h 3 . both 470 ^TAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. both extent and publicity, may be done away by the means 1800 whkh the prefent circumftances will furnifh to the' two parties of correfponding and mutually underftandihg each other, and that in the end we fhall be united by the bonds of fincere friendfoip. In the mean time we Shall carry on war with the means which we have hitherto employed againft you, and wifh thofe farther ones which we can pro* cure, and we fhall endeavour to render ourfelves worthy ofthe elteem of your braye troops. *' The hostilities which you have committed without waiting for the reply of Lord Keith, who was hot ac-. quainted with the convention for the evacuation of Egypt, have ferved as the rule of our conduct. I had not afked of my court its ratification. I had only endeavoured to obviate fome unforefeen difficulties which oppofed them felves to the return of the French troops into their country. " General Kieber, in the laft preliminaries which were Stopped, not haying matfe it underftood that the treaty which was fo follow, would require the ratification of the confuls who how govern France; this condition vfoich you put into your preliminaries appears to be a refufal to eva cuate Egypt, and the Grand Vizier has charged me to demand from you on this fubject, a clear and precife an* fvyer. You defire as well'as me the termination of the calamities of war which defolate the whole univerfe. • " It is in your power to remove one of the obftacles which pppofe the conclufion of peace, by evacuating Egypt on the conditions agreed upon by General Kieber ; if you refufe this, we will employ all our means, and all thofe of Our aljies, to oblige you to fome conditions which may not be fo advantageous for you. I cannot diffemble to you how much the difcharge of this-duty will coft me ; but the evacuation of Egypt, being a point fo interesting to the good of humanity, the way of conferences and -correfpoh- dence for making the neceffary difpofitions for this purpofe is always open. " As the admiral under whofe orders I aft, is at a dif tance from me, I am authorifed to fubferibe to fuch ar rangements as circumftances may require ; and though under the prefent circumftances I am not in the fituation of making any new propofition, yet I am ready to liflen to any which you may be difpbfed to make to me ; and I can officially affure you, that J will ufe every means in my power NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 471 power to oppofe every inconfiderable Step, and every vexa- A. D. tious opposition, from whatever quarter it may proceed. I°00 " I will ftriftly perform the precife inftrudtions of my Court : I know its principles are founded, on the moft exact equity and juftice. My conduft fhall ftriftly con form to thefe principles ; and all my efforts fhall be em ployed in performing my duty, and promoting its interefts. As it is not yet certain to what part I am going, I muft beg you to fend your anfwer by two couriers, one to Alex andria, and the other to Jaffa, at the camp of the (jrrand Vizi- ler. Sir Sidney Smith having been apprized that a young man of the name of Thevenard was among the miferable captives held by the Turks ; and knowing that his father was a man of refpeftability at Toulon, interested himfelf for his releafe, in which he proved fuccefsfol. Sir Sidney Smith ordered an avifo to convey him in fafety from , Rhodes, and on his arrival fent him the following note of invitation. Commodore Sir Sidney Smith, to Captain Gabriel Thevenard. " On board the Tigre, June 15, 1890. " M. Thevenard is requefted to come and dine with Sir S. Smith on board the Tigre this.day at three o'clock. Sir Sidney takes the liberty to fend fome clothes, which he foppofes a perfon juft efcaped from prifon, may require. The great coat is not of the beft ; but excepting Englifh naval uniforms, it is the only one on board the Tigre, and the fame Sir Sidney Smith wore during his journey from the Temple till he reached the fea. It will have done good fervice, if it again ferves a fimilar purpofe by reftoring another fon to the arms of his aged father, dying with chagrin." Sir Sidney Smith's generofity and humane conduct were Still farther extended to this young man ; he fupplied him with all kind of neceffaries, with money, 'and with re commendations fo his brother, and feveral refbectable peo ple at Conftantinople. r H h 4 NORTH 47% NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. AAD' , NORTH AMERICA.* In June, Vice Admiral Sir William Parker arrived and took the command of the fquadron. A great number of privateers were fitted out this year by the merchants and traders in Nova Scotia, feveral pf which were very fuccefsful, particularly the brig Rover, of 14 four pounders, and 55 men, commanded by Captain Godfrey, fitted out at Liverpool, in the above Province, and failed on a cruize the 4th of June; the fuccefs of which is related as follows by her active and gallant commander;. " 0n tne J7m °f the fame month (June) in latitude 23°, north, and longitude 540 weft, we fell in with fix fail of vef fels, whom we foon diScovered to be enemies, one being a fhip, with four brigs, and a fchooner ; foe fchooner fhewed 16 guns, one of the brigs 16 guns, and another fix guns,: thefe' fix veffels drew tip clofe together, apparently with an intention of engaging us. On cOnfulting with my fhip's company, we determined to bear down and attack them; but fo foon as the enemy perceived our intentions, they, by fignal from the fchooner, difperfed, each taking a diffe rent courfe before We got within gun Shot of them. After a few hours chace, we took poffeffion of the fhip and one ofthe brigs: the Ship proved an American, bound, from the South Seas, laden with oil; and the brig an American, laden with wine, from Madeira: from them we learned that they had been captured fome Short time. before by' a French privateer, which was the fchooner in company; that She mounted 10 guns, two of which were nine pound ers, and the reft fixes, and carried 155 men ; and.that the other three were American veffels which She had taken, one . of which was from the Eaft-Indies. Night coming on, we were prevented taking any more of them. " On, the 1 oth of September, being cruizing near to Cape Blanco, on the Spanifh Main, we chaced a Spanifh fchooner on Shore, and deftroyed her. Being clofe in . With the land and becalmed, we difcovered a fchooner and three gun bpats under SpaniSh colours making for us; alight breeze Springing up, we were enabled to get clear of the / .land, when it fell cafin, which enabled the .fchooner and gun-boats, by foe help of a nurpber of oars, to gain fafl upon us, keeping up at the Same time a conftant fire from . • : ' , • ,1 * Appendix, Qhap. }L No.«6, NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 473 their how guns, which we returned with two guns pdinted A.D. from our ftern; one ofthe gun-boats did not advance to l8o° attack us. As the enemy drew near, we engaged them with mufkets and piftols, keeping with oars the ftern ofthe Rover towards them, and having all our guns well loaded with great and fmall Shot ready againft we Should come to > clofe quarters. When we 'heard the commander of the fchooner give orders to the t;wo gun-boats to board us, I waited to fee how they meant to attack us ; and finding the fchooner intended to board us on the flarboard quarter, one of the gun-boats on our larboard bow, and the other on our larboard waift ; I Suffered them to advance in that pofi tion until they came within about fifteen yards, ftill firing on them with Small arms and the ftern guns: I then manned the oars on the larboard fide, and pulled the Royer round, 4 fo as to bring her Starboard broadfide to bear athwart the Schooner's bow, and poured into her a whole broadfide of great and fmall Shot, which raked her deck fore and aft, while it was full of men ready for boarding. I inftantly Shifted over to the other fide, and raked both gun-boats in the fame manner, which muft have killed and wounded a number of thofe on board of them, and done great damage to their boats. I then commenced a clofe action with the fchooiier, which lafted three glaffes ; and having difabled her fails and rigging much, and finding her fire grow Slack, I took advantage of a light air of wind to back my head fails, which brought my ftern on board of the fchooner, by which we were enabled to board her and carry her, at which time the guii-bdats" Sheered off, apparently in a very Shattered condition " We found her tq be the Santa Ritta, mounting 10 fix pounders and two twelve pound carronades, with 125 men. She was fitted out the day before by the governor of Porto Cavallo, with the gun-boats, for the exprefs purpofe of taking us ; every officer on board her was killed,, except the officer who commanded, a party of 25 foldiers; there were fourteen dead on her deck when we boarded her, and Seventeen wounded ; the prifoners, including the wounded, amounted to feventy-c?ne. " My fhip's company, including officers and boys, was Only forty- five in number, and behaved with that courage and fpirit which Britifh feamen always Shew when fighting foe epemies of their country.' It is with' infinite pleafure I add 474 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, i A.D. add that I had not a man hurt; from the beft accounts I iSoo could obtain, the enemy loft 54 men. " The prifoners being too numerous to be kept on board, on the 14th ult. I landed them all except eight, taking an obligation from them, not to ferve againft his- Majefty till regularly exchanged. I arrived with my fhip's company in fafety this day at Liverpool, "having taken during my cruize the before mentioned veffels; together with a floop under American colours, bound to Curaccoa; a Spanifh fchooner bound to Porto Cavallo, which have all arrived in this Province: befides, I deftroyed fome Spanifli' launches on the coaft." LEEWAR-D islands.* Vice Admiral Lord Hugh Seymour commanded on this Station until July ; when being relieved by Rear Admiral Duckworth, he proceeded to take the command at Ja maica. On the 3d of February a very fmart action was fought off Guadaloupe between the' Conftellation American fri gate,, of 38 guns, commanded by -Captain Thomas Trux ton, and a large French frigate of 54, in which the latter was fo much worfted that foe made off, having carried away the Constellation's main-matt, and done her other confide rable damage, with 14 men killed and 25 wounded. It appeared afterwards that the fhip engaged with the Conftellation, was La Vengeance, of 50 guns, and 500 men, as fhe arrived on the 6th in a moft Shattered coridi- ,tion at Curracoa, with the lofs of 150 men killed and wounded. On the 10th of Auguft, at night, the Dromedary fiore- Ship, having on board the 2d Weft-India regiment, was wrecked on her paffage to Trinidad. The number of perfons on board were about 500, who were all faved by the refolute exertions and manly conduct of Captain Taylor and his crew. His Majefty's Ship El Galgo, foundered on her paffage to England ; her commander and crew, excepting twa officers and 23 men, perifhed. * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 407. Ltit NAVAL CHKONOLOGY. 475 Lift of the, Officers drowned in El Galgo. A.D. Captain G. S. Stoven, Mr. Edwards, gunner, Lieutenant Barnes, Mr. Roberts, boatfwain, Mr. Gibfon, forgeon, Mr. Houghton, matter's mate, Mr. Roberts, purfer, Mr. Simpfon, carpenter. Lift of Paffengers drowned. Mr. Grimfhaw, of Mar- A French lady, tinique, A ferjeant and 11 privates of Mr. Poyneer, do. the nth regiment, • Mr. Ofoorne, of Antigua, Two foldiers wives. Rev. Mr. Rofs, Jamaica, Lift of Perfons faved, Mr. T. Forreft, mafter, Mr. T. Clark, midfhipman, and 23 men. On the 7th of Oftober Lieut. Croyndon Boger, in the Gipfey fchooner, of 10 four pounders, and 42 men, employed as a tender to the Leviathan, fell in with off the north end of Guadaloupe, a French armed floop, which, after a very gallant and fevere conflift he compelled to, Strike, though fo much his foperior in point of force. She proved to be Le Quiproquo, mounting eight guns, fix and nine pound ers, with 98 men, 80 of whom were Guadaloupe chaffeurs and cannoneers, commanded by M. Tourpie, formerly a capitaine de Vaiffeau, who, with four of his men were {tilled, and 1 1 wounded. The Gipfey had one man killed ; Lieutenant Boger and ten wounded, JAMAICA.* On the 14th of March, Captain J. W. Loring, being on a cruize off St. Jago de Cuba, difcovered a privateer fchooner on fhore. Lieutenant Lane was difpatched with the boats to bring her out ; but the enemy having taken poll on the two heights at the entrance of, the bay, from whence they kept up fo, brifk a fire, the boats were repulfed, and Lieutenant Lane killed. Captain Loring determined to perfevere in his attempt to diflodge the enemy, and either take or deftroy the * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 40$. fchooner,, 476 ¦ » NAVAL chronology," A.D. fchooner, landed Lieutenant Pafley, with a party of men in ,1800 a bay about ten miles djftant, to march round and attack the enemy in the rear, whilft he himfelf went in the boats to attack them in the front. Before Captain Loring got into the Bay, Mr. Pafley had executed his orders with fuch alacrity and judgment, as to have driven the enemy from their pofition, and deftroyed the Schooner; fhe mounted two guns, with a great quantity of fmall arms. On the 13th of Apr''', Mr. William Buckly, mafter of the Calypfo floop of war, haxing been fent by Captain Ba ker, in the cutter armed, to cruize clofe under Cape Tibe- -ion, for the purpofe of intercepting any ofthe enemy's fmall veffels which might attempt to get along fhore, at eleven o'clock at night difcovered a fchooner becalmed under the land, and pulled immediately for her : w.hen the boat ap- . proached within hail,' fhe wasdefired to keep off; and upon their not complying, a difcharge of mufketry commenced upon them, under which they gallantly boarded ; and after a fhort, but fmart conflict, carried the fchooner and brought her off, with only one man wounded, and feven dangeroufly on the part of the enemy. She was named La Diligente, of fix guns, and 39 men. \ On the 20th' of Auguft, the Seine, of 42 guns, corn- .. manded by Captain David Milne,* being on a cruize off St. Domingo, obferved a large fhip ftanding to the norths- ward through the Mona Paffage, to which he inftantly gave chace, and by fon fet got fo near up as to perceive fhe was a large French frigate. It was near midnight before Captain Milne could bring her to action, and then not fo clofe as he could wifh, theenerny conftantly bearing up and keeping him at long Shot, which considerably damaged the Seine in her rigging, Sails,. &c. The Ships now Sepa rated for fome time, which gave Captain Milne an oppor tunity to repair the damage* he had fuftained : this being completed, on the morning ofthe 21ft he was able to bring her to clofe action, which was bravely maintained on both , Sides for an hour and a half, when an officer came out on her bowfprit, (the only place he could be feen from,, owing to the mafs of confufion by the lofs of herfore-maft, mizen* * Captain Milne was fecond lieutenant in the Blanche when fhe captured La Pique, and the officer who fwam on board to take pofieffioij of her, not being able, to put a boat in the wa,ter. -¦>" " maft, NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 477 maft, and main top-maft, having fallen on board,) and A.D. faid they had ftruck to the Britifh flag. She was imme- l%°° diately taken poffeffion of, and proved to be the Vengeance, commanded by Citizen Pitot, capitaine de Vaiffeau, mount ing 28 eighteen pounders on the main deck, 16 twelve pounders; and eight 42 pound carronades on her quarter deck and fore-caftle, and brafs fwivels on the gunwale, with Shifting guns on the main and qharter-decks. The Ven geance was the Ship which had engaged the Conftellation American frigate off Guadaloupe in February. The lofs fuftained on board the Seine, was Mr. George Milne,' Se cond lieutenant, and 12 men killed. Mr. Archibald Macdonald, lieutenant of marines, who was taken down wounded, and when dreffed came up again to his quarters ; but foon after receiving a fecond wound, he was obliged to be taken below; Mr. Andrew. Barclay, mafter; Mr. Horne, captains clerk, and 26 wounded. The lofs of the enemy was very confiderable, but could not be afcertained. It was generally believed her comple ment of men was 453, and, when taken poffeffion of there were not more than 291 on board. On the nth of September, Captain Frederick Watkins, of the Nereide frigate, being off Amsterdam, the principal port in the ifland of Curacoa, was given to underfland that the Dutch inhabitants wifhed to claim the protection of his Britannic Majefty ; and that the French, who had about 1500 men on the ifland, threatened to Storm the principal fort that night. Captain Watkins accordingly pufhed for, the harbour, and having landed a detachment of his men, took poffeffion of the forts ; this, together with the ap pearance of the frigate to fupport them, obliged the French to retire to the weft fide of the illand, which they totally evacuated by the 22d. The following articles of capitula tion were agreed upon between the governor and Captain Watkins, for the fubmiffion of the whole ifland and its dependencies, to his Britannic Majefty. ^The veffels of various Sizes found in the harbour of Curacoa, confided of eight belonging to Holland, eight to Denmark, feven to America, eleven to France, feven to Spain, and three Englifh prizes. Articles 478 . NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A„,D- Articles of Capitulation agreed between Frederick -Watkins^ 1800 Efq. Captain of his Britannic Majefty's Ship Nereide, now off the harbour of Curacoa, and Johan Rudolph Lauffier, Governor (interim) of the faid Ifland, and its Dependencies f and Commander in Chief of all the Armed Force of the faid Ifland. " Namely, that the Said ifland of Curacoa, and its dependencies,, fhallforrender, and be placed under the im mediate proteftidn of his Britannic Majefty, in conformity to the following articles. , " Art. I. The ifland of Curacoa and its dependencies, Shall be placed under the protection of his Britannic Ma-i jefty, and fhall peaceably and quietly fubmit to the govern- ment of his faid Majefty. " Anfwer— ^-Agreed to; " Art. II. The inhabitants of this ifland and its depen dencies, fhall enjoy perfect fecurity in their perfons and properties, and the full exercife of their religion, except Such as fhall appear to belong to the fubjects of the powers now actually at war with Great Britain ; fuch property only excepted as was on board the veffels in the harbour of the 1 oth inftant. , " Anfwer-^-Agreed to. " Art. III. All fhips and veffels of war that may be in the harboqr ; and all artillery, warlike (tores, ammunition, &c. that may be found in the forts and public magazines, and all property of whatfoever nature it may be, belonging to the Batavian Republic, fhall be delivered up to his^Bri- tannic Majefty in the ftate in which they now are; and officers fhall be appointed on each fide by the joint patties to take inventories thereof. " Anfwer— Agreed to. •« Art. IV. All debts due by the government of this ifland, Shall be punctually paid out of the revenue of the faid iftand. " Anfwer— Agreed to. *' Art. V. No alteration fhall be made in the eftabiifh- ed laws of the faid ifland, except fuch as in future may be found neceffary for mutual benefit or fafety, and which muft be regulated by the concurrence of both parties. »' Anfwer— Agreed to. <« Art. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. &7Q " Art. VI. During the time this ifland may remain A.D. under the protection of his Britannic Majefty, or in cafe *8o« this ifland and its dependencies fhould at the conclufion of the war, remain in the poffeffion of Great Britain, the in habitants of the faid ifland and its dependencies fhall enjoy the Same rights and privileges as his Majefty's fubjects in the Weft Indies. AnSwer. — Agreed to. " Art. VII. The laws heretofore obferved, refpecting the property (hall remain in full force. " Private — As it is impoflible for the inhabitants of the faid ifland and its dependencies to fubfifl without a free in- tercourfe with the Spanifo main, the ports of Curaccoa and its dependencies fhall be open to all Spanifh veffels. "" Anfwer — Agreed to be allowed the fame free trade as ifland of Jamaica. " Signed, fealed, and ratified in the pre-. fence of Cornelius Spencer, and E. A. Van Eck, on the part of Johan- Rudolph Lauffer ; and in the pre- fence of John Lewis Marfo, on the part of Frederick Watkins ; at the port of Amfferdam, in the ifland of' Curaccoa, ttiis^ 1 3tfi of September, 1800. (Signed) " J. Rud. Lausser, Fred. Watjuns. W. Ripley, Sec. On the 27th of December, a court martial was affem- bled and held on board his Majefty's fhip Carnatic, in Port Royal harbour, to try Captain Jofeph Bingham, his offi cers and fhip's company, for having got his Majefty's tliip , America on the Formigas lhoaI,on Saturday at two o'clock, the 13th of December. The court was compofed ofthe folowing members.; Prefident. Captain John Ferrier. Captains. Wm. Henry Bayntum, C. W. Penrofe, •Robert Plampin, Jofeph Larcom, Ifaaa Wolley, Robert Philpot,, Charles Grant. G. H, Galwav, Efq. Deputy Judge Advocate. The 480 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. f A.D. The court having gone through the whole of the evi- 1800 dence, was of opinion that the fole caufe of the above ac cident is, the great errors in the charts on board the fhip, particularly a French chart in the year 1787, and that publifhed by Hamilton Mdore, in the year 1784. And it apppeared to. the court, that Captain Bingham was proceeding perfectly confiftent with the order produced} and under which he was afting, and that the c'ourfes fleered were focli as would have taken his Majefty's fhip a confiderable way to the northward of the Formigas; had , that Shoal been nearly fituated as that laid down in the -charts above-mentioned. And the court was of opinion, that no blame was attached to Captain Bingham, his officers and fhip's company of the Americaa, for the faid accident ; and that after the fhip ftruck, every poffible exertion was made by Captain i 1 Bingham, his officers and fhip's company, for her prefer- vation. COAST OP AFRICA AND CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.* In the month of April, Goree with its dependencies, fur- rendered to the fquadron under the command of Captain Sir Charles Harnilton.f ' Vice Admiral Sir Roger Curtis commanded at the Cape of Good Hope, and gave the greateft protection to the- trade by the judicious arrangement of his fquadrbn. On the 4th of Auguft, Captain Rowley Bulteel, of his Majefty's fhip Belliqueuxi on his paffage out with the Eaft India convoy, at day-light in the morning difcovered four fail; which at firfthauled their wind and Stood to wards, him; but Soon perceiving the Sorce of their chafe, bore up under a prefs of fail and feparated. Captain Bulteel. purfoed the largeft, which at half paft five in the afternoon of the 5th, he came up with, and after firing a few guns, ftruck ; She proved to be La Con-1 corde, French frigate of 44 guns, and 444 men, corn- * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 4.09. t Ships. Guns. Commanders. 1 Ruby, ' - 64 S.Ferris. \ Melpomene, - 44 Sir Cha. Hamilton, Magnanime, - 44 \y. Taylor. manded NAVAL CHRONOLOGY* 481 i manded by Citizen Jean Francois Landolphe, Capitaine de A.D. Vailfeau and Chef de Divifion. lSo° The fame eyening, La Medee of 36 guns, and 315 men commanded by Citizen Daniel Condein, ftruck her colours to the Bombay Cattle, Captain' John Hamilton, and the Exeter, Captain Henry Meriton. The other French frigate, La Franchife, of 42 guns and 380 men, commanded by Citizen Pierre Jurien.was clofely purfued by the Coutts, Captain Torin, and the Neptune, Captain Spens, but night coming on, and throwing over board part of her guns, boatsand booms, fhe effected her efcape; with an American fchooner, their prize, fitted as a cruifer. Thefe frigates were part of a fquadron which had failed from Rochfort the 6th of March, 1799, and had com mitted great depredations on the coaft of Africa. EAST INDIES.* Vice Admiral Rainier ftill commanded in India ; towards the latter end of the year he difpatched Rear Admiral Blanket with a fquadron to the Red Sea, where he was fent to convoy a body of troops under the command of Major General Baird, to co-operate with the Britifh army in Egypt. _ , His Majefty's fchooner, Providence, commanded by Lieutenant Mayo, whilft lying at Whampoo, had her cables cut two or three times during the night. Her com mander irritated at thefe repeated robberies, gave orders, ' that the firft boat that approached near the veffel, with the fuppofed intention of cutting the cables, fhould be fired upon. On the nth of .February, this order was unfortunately executed, and a young Chinefe fifteen years of age, who was in the boat, was fhot, and wounded in the fooulder. The Viceroy of the provinces of Canton and QuangtT, ordered the collector of the cuftoms, to publifo on the 14th, an edict, hy which the Englifh were accufed of having drowned one man and wounded another. It was con joined the prefident oS the cohengifts, the fociety of traders * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 410, V01. III. I i t* 482 ' NAVAL CHRONOLOGIC A.D. to communicate its contents to Mr. Hall, chief of the 1800 Englifh Factory, and demand from him that the guilty Should be given up to juftice. Juft at this time, his Majefty's fhip Madras, arrived from Mocao ; and the matter being represented to Captain Dilkes, he prevailed on the traders of the factory to carry a letter to the Viceroy. This flep unexampled at Can* ton, was contrary to all ordinary cuftoms. The letter was however favourably received. ,. Captain Dilkes complained of the robbery which had been committed, demanded an impartial examination, and prayed his excellency to confider the affair as a national buti- s nefs, and having no connection whatever with the Eaft India company. The Viceroy did not confent to this laft de mand ; but he fent a confidential mandarin to confer with Captain Dilkes and Mr. Hall. The parties concerned on both fides, were prefent at the interview. The Viceroy at laft decided, in conformity with the Chinefe cuftom, that the affair fhould be carried before an inferior tribunal, in order to be finally brought before a fuperibr court. Captain Dilkes, with the guilty perfon, a witnefs, and Mr. Staunton, in quality of interpreter, went into the town, where the people treated them with much indignity. After having waited for feveral hours for the criminal j udge of the province, they were brought into court. Cap tain Dilkes infifted on the mate (who was the one accuSed) being examined. The judge refufed, faying, that Englifh failors could pot be believed,; he added, that if the wounded perfon furvived forty days, the laws of China only ordered banifhment, and that the magistrates would pafs over this fentence in confideration that the guilty perSon was a fo reigner. Captain Dilkes perfifting in demanding the examination of the failors, and having unfortunately raifed his voice higher than what is permitted by the regulations of the courts in China; immediately the judge made. a fignal to his officers, who feized Captain Dilkes by the Shoulders and pufhed him violently out of the court; as was alfo Mr. Staunton. Some days after, as the young man was likely to recover from his wound, the Viceroy fent word to Captain Dilkes, > that in confideration of the friendlhip fubfifting between the NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 483 the Englifh and the Chinefe, he had difpenfed with the A.D. execution of the law. I^°° On the 9th of Auguft, the Wellefley armed Store fhip of 22 guns, manned chiefly with Lafcars and Chinamen, commanded by Captain Gordon ; and laden with provifions and ftores for the Sleet in India, and at the Cape ; having parted company with his Majefty's fhip Belliqneux ; was attacked by a French Frigate of 36 guns, which after a fevere contefl Captain Gordon obliged to Sheer off much difabled. On the 9th of Oftober, the Kent Eaft-Indiaman, being off the Sand heads on her paffage to Bengal, fell in with and was attacked by Le Confiance French privateer of 26 , guns, 250 men, commanded by M. Surcouff. The bat tle was maintained with infinite bravery by Captain Ri- vington, for one hour and forty minutes, during which time the fhips were frequently on board each other ; at length the great fuperiority which the enemy had in num bers of men and mufquetry, from which they kept up an inceffant fire ; the Kent was carried by boarding, at this time Captain Rivington after the moft manly conduct in the defence of his fhip fell ; twelve of his gallant compa nions alfo were killed, and 42 wounded. So dreadful a carnage was attributed to Captain Sourcouff having made moft of his crew drunk, and a • promife of one hour's plunder, if they fhould Succeed; the confequence was, that thefe favages gave no quarter, putting to death all who came in their, way either with or without arms, and ex tended their brutal rage even to flab the fick in their beds. On the 2 2d of November, a very fpirited and gallant aftion was fought near Mufcat, between the Eaft India company's armed fnow Intrepid, commanded by Captain Hall, and a French privateer fuperior in force. After a fevere and bloody conflict, the enemy foeered off, leaving the Intrepid too much crippled to follow her. Captain Hall was mortally wounded, two feamen killed, Lieutenants Smee and Beft, with three Europeans and 18 Lafcars wounded. i 2 Supplies 5,062,500 0 0 4,500,000 0 0 337.50° 0 0 637.90° 0 0 733» I. Eveley (London) Purfer Clyde. Boatfwain, Knowles Tucker White way, Stout. Wilfon,Pope, Finnery, Prefton. Officers and Seamen, 177 Marines - 19 Matter's mates Midfhip men » Total - - 196 On the 3 1 fl of March a court-martial was affembled on board his Majefty's fhip Ruby at Sheernefs to try Rear Admiral Totty, and the furviving officers and fhip's crew- of his Majefty's late fhip Invincible, for the lofs ofthe faid Ship. r After the court was fworn, Rear Admiral Totty 's narra tive, in a letter to the Admiralty, defcribing the melancholy fate of that fhip, and the greater part of her crew, was read, and fworn to by the rear admiral, and proved by all the furvivors to be a juft and faithful Statement : it went to prove, that the lofs of the fhip was folely owing to the ignorance of the pilot and matter, who was himfelf a North Sea pilot ; for from Yarmouth Roads, or rather after get ting through the Thackle, the fhip was fleering with a free wind, and until half an hour before fhe ftruck, they had the advantage of the land in fight to affid them. When She ftruck, the pilot and mafter afferted that it muft be on a bank unknown, or on a Knowl that had recently been made by fome convulfion. , However, they were deceived, and it proved to be no other than Hammond's Knowl, on Vol. III. K k which 4Q& NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. which they were drawn by a moft rapid tide, allowance fat i8ot which they had not made. After, the evidences were examined, and after a very fhort deliberation, Rear Admiral Totty, the furviving officers and crew were acquitted. By every thing that appeared, the fteady cool fubordination that prevailed, from her firft Striking Until the fatal moment that fhe went down, befpoke her high ftate of difcipline, and makes us the more deplore the lofs of an officer like Captain Rennie, who could,, out of a raw Ship's company, produce fuch order and regularity to the laft. The feeling that Admiral Totty and the furvi- vors Shewed during the whole proceedings, was extremely creditable to themSelves. When the admiral fpoke of his captain, it was with fuch feeling and emotion, that he could with difficulty Sup. port himfelf. On the ill of April, a court-martial was affembled and held on board his Majefty's fhip Gladiator in Portfmouth harbour, to try Captain Duncan, his officers, and fhip's company, for the lofs of the Scout floop of war, in her paffage through the Shingles.* The Court having heard the narrative of Captain Dun can, was of opinion, that the lofs ofthe faid floop was oc- cafioned by her being driven on the Shingles by the rapi dity of the tide, after fhe was tacked, and before fhe got head way through the water, the Ship having put in flays, by the pilot's directions, whilft the proper mark (being the light of Hurft Cattle) was in fight, and that no blame was imputable to the faid Captain Henry Duncan, his officers, the pilot,' or fhip's company, for their conduct upon that occafion. On the morning ofthe 3d of April, Captain Sir Edward Hamilton, in the Trent, being on a cruize off the coaft of France, obferved a large fhip with French colours, under the protection of a cutter and lugger privateer, making fail from the anchorage of Brehat to Plampoul ; the Trent's boats were immediately difpatched, under the command of Lieutenants Chamberlayne, Scallon, and Bellamy, with Lieutenant Taite, of the marines. The enemy feemed at firft determined lo refitt and defend their veffels, and Sent many boats from the Shore to their affiftance, which, with the lugger, took the Ship in tow; but on the very fpirited . anil NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 4QQ and ntar approach of the Trent's, the lugger and boats eaft A.D. off the tow, and after maintaining a fevere conflia, fop- J%01 ported by an inceffant fire from five batteries, they were Subdued and > chaced on the rocks. The fhip was after wards moft gallantly boarded, and carried by Lieutenant Chamberlayne, and the marine officer, the latter of whom loft his right leg, and was the only perfon wounded; two feamen were killed. Several of the enemy were drowned in attempting to efcape to the fhore. On the gth, fix feamen belonging to the Active frigate, were tried by a court-martial on fooard the Gladiator in Portfmouth harbour, for writing anonymous letters, endea vouring to make mutinous affemblies, and for uttering fedi- tious and mutinous words. The evidence having been examined on the part of the profecution, and the prifoners heard in their defence, the Court, after a mature and deliberate confideration, paffed the following Sentence : — King, to receive 500 lafhes ; Beetham and Forreft, 300 each; and Byrne, 50, from Ship to Ship ; Scott and Farifo, three dozen each on board their own fhip. Marfh was acquitted. On the 10th, the Beaver merchantman, O'Connor, mafter, laden with wine from Oporto to London ; having on the 2d parted from her convoy, was captured by Le Braave French pi ivateer, of 18 guns and 70 men, the cap tain of which put on board a prize mafter and four men, leaving only O'Connor and a boy on board the Beaver. He contrived to fecure the French prize mafter, by feizing him, and tying his hands behind him, in the cabin apd locked the door; then ran on deck, with a crow bar and piftol, and attacked the man at the helm, who, in the Scuffle, fell overboard and was drowned. The other three men being aloft in the tops, he took the helm, and ordered them to flay there, or he Would. Shoot them. In this anxious ftate he remained all night, the Beaver making very little way, being extremely leaky. In the morning at day-light, to his great joy, he difcovered a frigate, and con trived to make a fignal of diftrefs, upon which She bore down towards him, and proved to be the Loire, Captain NeWman, who Sent a boat on board to his affiftance, and carried the Beaver into Plymouth. For this gallant exploit, the Court of Admiralty awarded K k a to 500 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. to Mr. O'Connor 8$ol.; to the two boys who affifted him, i8oi jjo]; To the officers and crew of his Majefty's Ship Loire 500I. Onthe 29th of April, a court-martial was held on board the Cambridge, in Hamoaze, on Captain Lloyd, of the Mars, and Lieutenants Burnet and Davies, of the Centaur, for thofe fhips running foul of each other off the Black ' Rocks, on the night ofthe 1 Oth ult. The court acquitted Captain Lloyd and Lieutenant Burnet, and fentenced Lieu tenant Davis to lofe fix months rank, and to be difmiffed from his Majefty's fhip Centaur. On the 6th of May, Captain Dun, of the Incendiary fire-fhip, and Lieutenant Jump, of the Sprightly cutter, were both acquitted by the fentence of a court-martial, held oh board the Gladiator in Portfmouth harbour, for the lofs of the faid veffel, when taken by M. Gantheaume's fqua- ' dron in the Mediterranean. On the 1 6th of May, the boats of the Naiad and Phae ton frigates, were fent, under the command of Lieutenant Marfhall, to attack two Spanifh armed veffels in the port of Marin, near the town of Ponteyedra, one of which was moored flem and ftern, under the protection of a five gun battery. In defiance of this force, Lieutenant Marfhall and his brave affociates, boarded and brought off L'Alcudia, . the largeft, and deftroyed El Rapofo. Captain Ricketts was alfo obliged to fet fire to L'Alcudia. In the execution of this fervice, only four men were wounded. On the 21ft of May, Captain R. Philpot of the Prompte, was reprimanded by the fentence of a court-martial, held on board the Gladiator, in Portfmouth harbour; the charge of his having Suffered William Oates, a feaman, fuppofed to have belonged to the Hermione to efcape from his fhip. On the 4th of June, tbe embargo was taken off the Ruffian, Danifh and Swedifh veffels, by the King's order in council; and on the 17th, a convention was figned be tween the courts of Great Britain and Ruffia, at St.'P'eterf- burgh, of which the following is a copy. Convention* NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, 50} AD, Convention between his Britannic Majefty, and the Emperor 1&0* of Ruffia. Signed at St. Peterfturgh, the $th (17th) of June, 1801. In the Name ofthe Moft Holy and Undivided Trinity, ,c THE mutual defire pf his Majefty the king of the united kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, and of his. Majefty th; Emperor. of all the Ruffias, being not only to come to an understanding between themfelves wittfrefpect to the differences which have lately interrupted the good un derstanding and friendly relations which fubfifte.d between the two ftates; but alfo to prevent, by frank and precife expla nations upon the navigation of their refpectjve fubjects, foe renewal of fimilar altercations and troubles which might be the confequence of them ; and the common object of the fo- ¦ licitude of their faid Majefties being to fettle, as .foon as can be done, an equitable arrangement of thofe differences, and an invariable determination of their principles upon the rights • of neutrality, in their application to their refpective monar chies, in order to unite more clofely the ties of friendfhip and good intercourfe, of which they acknowledge the utility and the benefits; have named and chofen for, their plenipor tentiaries, viz. His Majefty the king of the united king dom of Great Britain and Ireland, Alleyne Lord Baroq St. Helens, his faid Majefty's privy counfellor, and his ambafr fador extraordinary, and plenipotentiary to his Majefty the Emperor of all the Ruffias; and his Majefty the Emperor' of all the Ruffias, Sieur Nikita Count de Panin, his privy counfellor, mimfter of ftate for the foreign department of foreign affairs, prefent chamberlain, Knight of the Grand . Crofs of the Orders of St. Alexander Newfky, and of St. Anne of the firft clafs, of that of St. Ferdinand, and of Merit, of the Red Eagle, and of St. Lazarus ; who after having communicated their refpedtivefull powers, and found them in good and due form, have agreed upon foe following points and articles. "- Art. I. There Shall be hereafter between his Bri tannic Majefty and his Imperial Majefty of all the Ruffias, their fubjects, the ftates and countries under their domi nions, good and unalterable friendship and understanding, . K k 3 ' and ' ¦ 502 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A- D- and z\\ the political, commercial, and other relations of I^°I common utility between the refpedtiyie fubjects, Shall fubfift as formerly, without their being disturbed or troubled in; any manner whatever. "Art. II. His Britannic Majefty and the Emperor of all thq Ruffias 'declare, that they will watch over the mqft rigorous execution of . the prohibitions againft trie trade of contraband of their fubjects with- the-enemies of either of , the high contracting parties. " Art. III. His Britannic Majefty and his Imperial Majefty of all the Ruffias having refolved to place under a Sufficient faSeguard the Sreedom of commerce and naviga tion of their fubjects, in cafe one of them Shall be at war^ whilft the other Shall be neuter, have agreed: — " I. That the fhips of the neutral power may navigate freely to the ports, and upon the coafts of the nations at war. !| " ,2. That the effects embarked on board neutral Ships ihall be free, with the. exception of contraband of war, and enemy's property; and it is agreed not to comprife unde? the denomination of the latter, the merchandize of the pro duce, growth, or manufacture of the countries at war, ¦Which Should have been acquired by the fubjects of the neutral, power, and Should be transported for their account, Which merchandize cannot be excepted in any cafe from the freedom granted to the flag of the faid power. <( j;. That in order to avoid all equivocation and mif- underftanding of what ought to be confidered as contra band of war, his Britannic Majefty, and his ImperialMa- jefty of all the Ruffias, declare, conformably to the nth article of the treaty of commerce concluded between the , two crowns on the ioth (21ft) February 1797, that they acknowledge as fuch the following articles only; viz. — ¦ Cannons, mortars, » fire-arms, piftols, bombs, grenades, tails, bullets, firelocks, flints, matches, gunpowder, Salt petre, fulphur, cuiraffes, pikes, fwords, -Sword-belts, knap- facksi Saddles and bridles, excepting, however, the quan tity of the Said articles which may be neceffary for the de fence of the faid Ship and of thofe who compofe the crew ; and all othet articles whatever, not enumerated here Shall not be reputed warlike and naval ftores, rior be fubject to confiscation, and of courfe Shall pafs freely, without being Subjected to the finalleft difficulty, unlefs they be confidered enemy's! NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 503 « .enemy's property in the fenfe above fpecified. It is alfo A.D. agreed, that that which is Stipulated in the prefent article »8oi Shall not be prejudicial to the particular Stipulations of one or the other crown with other powers^ by which articles of a fimilar kind Should be referved, prohibited, or per mitted. H 4. That in order to determine what characterises a blockaded port, that denomination is given only to a port , where there is, by the difpofitions of the power which at tacks it with fhips Stationary, or Sufficiently near, an evi dent danger in entering. " 5. That the Ships of the neutral Power Shall not be flopped but upon juft caufes and evident facts : that they be tried without delay, and that the proceeding be always Uniform, prompt, and legal. " In order the better to enfure the refpedt due to thefe Stipulations, dictated by the Sincere defire of conciliating - every intereft, and to give a new proof of their uprightnefs and love of juftice, the high contracting parties enter here into foe moft formal engagement to renew the fevereft pro hibitions to foeir captains, whether of Ships of war or mer chantmen, to take, keep, or conceal on board their fhips? any of the articles which, in the terms of the prefent con vention, may be reputed contraband, and reflectively to take' care of the execution of the orders which they Shall have published in their admiralties, and wherever it Shall he neceffary. " IV. The two high contracting parties, wifhing alfo to prevent all fubject of diffention in future by limiting the right of the fearch of Merchant Ships going under con voy to thoSe cafes only, in which the belligerent power might experience a real prejudice by the abufe ofthe neu tral Slag, have agreed : *' 1. That the right of Searching merchant Ships be longing to the fubjects of one of the contracting powers, and navigating under convoy of a Ship of war of the faid power, Shall only be exercifed by Ships of war of the belli gerent party, and Shall never extend to fetters of marque, privateers, or other veffels, which do not belong to the royal or imperial fleet oS" their Majefties, but which their < fubjects Shall have fitted out for war, M 2. That the proprietors of all merchant Ships helong- K k 4 ing 504 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. \ A.D. fog to the fubjects o£ one ofthe contracting Sovereigns, 1801 which Shall be deftined to fail under convoy of a Ship of war, Shall be required, before they receive their failing or ders, to produce to the commander of the convoy, their paffports'and certificates, or fea letters, in the form annexed to the prefent treaty. " 3. That when fuch fhips of war, haying under con voy merchant fhips, Shall be met with by alhip or Ships of war of the other contracting party, who Shaft then be in a llate of war, in order to avoid all diforder, they Shall keep out of cannon Shot, unlefs the ftate ofthe fea, or the place of meeting, render a nearer approach neceffary; and the com mander of the Ship of the belligerent power Shall Send a boat on board the convoy, where they fhall proceed reci procally to the verification of the papers and certificates that are to prove on one part, that the Ship of war is autho rized to take under its efcort fuch or fuch merchant Ships of its nation, laden with fuch a cargo, and for fuch a port. On the other part,, that the fhip of war of the belligerent party, belongs to the Royal or Imperial fleet of their Majefties. " 4. ,Tbis verification made, no fearch fhall take place, , if the papers are found in form, and if there exifts no good motive for fufpicibn. In the contrary cafe, the commander of the. neutral Ship of war (being duly required thereto by the commander of the Ship or fhips of war of the belligerent power) is to bring to and detain his convoy' during the " time, neceffary for the Search of the Ships which compoSe it, and he foall have the faculty of naming and delegating one or more officers to affift at the fearch of the faid Ships, which Shall be done in his preSence 6n board each merchant Ship, conjointly with one or more officers, appointed by the commander of the Ship of the belligerent party. " 5. I fit happen that the commander of the fhip or Ships of the power at war, having examined the papers found on board, and having interrogated the mafter and crew ofthe fhip, fhall fee juft and fufficient reafon to .de tain the merchant fhip in order to proceed to an ulterior- fearch, he Shall notify fuch intention to 'the commander of the convoy, who fhall have the power to order an officer to remain on board the Ship thus detained, and to affift at the examination of the caufe of her detention. The merchant Ship foall be carried immediately tq the ncareft and moft convenient naval Chronology. 505 i convenient port belonging to the belligerent power, and the A-D. ulterior fearch fhall be carried on with all poffible diligence. 1^01 " Art. V. It is in like manner agreed, that if any merchant fhip thus convoyed1 fhould be detained without juft and fufficient caufe, the commander of thefhip or Ships of war of the belligerent power fhall not only be bound to make to the owners of the fliip and of the cargo, a full and perfect compenfation for all the loffes, expences, damages, and coils, occafioned by Such a detention, hut . fhall moreover undergo an ulterior punifhmerit for every act of violence or other fault which he may have commit. ted, according as the nature of the cafe may require. On the other hand, the convoying fhip foall not be permitted, under any pretext whatfoever, to relift by Sorce the deten tion of the merchant Ship or fhips by the' fhip or fhips of - war of the belligerent power; an obligation to which the commander of a fhip of war with convoy is not bound to' obferve towards letters of marque and privateers. ' " Art. VI. The high contracting parties (hall give precife and efficacious orders that the judgments upon prizes made at fea foall be conformable with the rules of the moft exact juftice and equity ; that they, fhall be given by judges above fufpicion, and who Shall nqt be interefted in the affair in queftion. The government of the refpective ftates foall take care that the faid decifions Shall be Speedily and duly executed, according to the forms prefcribed. . And in cafe of an unfounded detention, or other contravention to the regulations Stipulated by the preSent article, the owners of fuch Ship and catgo fhall be allowed damages * proportioned to the lofs occafioned thereby. The rules to obServe for thefe damages, and for the cafe of unfounded detention, as alfo the principles to follow for the purpofe of accelerating the procefs, fhall be the matter of additional articles, which the contracting parties agree to fettle be tween them, and which Shall have the fame force and vali dity as if they were inferted in the prefent act. For this effect, their Britannic and Imperial Majelties mutually en gage to put their hand to the faluTary work, which may ferve for the completion of thefe Stipulations, and to com municate to each other, without delay, the views which may be fuggefted to them by their equal folicitude to pre vent the leaft grounds for difpute in future. " Art. 506 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. "Art. VII. To obviate all the inconveniencies which 1S01 may arife from the bad faith of thofe who avail themfelves of the flag of a nation without belonging to it, it is agreed to eitablifo for an inviolable rule, that any vellel what ever, in order to.be confidered as the property of the coun try,, the flag of which it carries, mutt have on board the captain ofthe fhip, and one half of, the crew ofthe pebple of that country, and the papers and paffports in due and perfect form ; but every veffel which fhall not obferve this rule, and which Shall infringe the ordinances publifhed on that head, fhall lofe all rights to the protection of the con tracting powers. " Art. VIII. The principles and meafures adopted by the prefent act, fhall be alike applicable to all the maritime wars in which one of the two powers may be engaged, ¦whilft the other remains neutral. Thefe Stipulations fhall in confequence be regarded as permanent, and fhall ferve for a conftant rule to the contracting powers in matters of commerce and navigation. "Art. IX. His Majefty the. King of Denmark; and his Majefty the King of Sweden, fhall be immediately in- vited by his Imperial Majefty, in the name of the two contracting parties, to accede to the prefent convention, and at the fame time to renew and confirm their respective treaties of commerce with his Britannic Majefty; and his , faid Majefty engages, by acts which fhall have eftablifhed that agreement, to render and reftore to each of thefe pow ers, all the prizes that have been taken from them, as well as the territories and countries, under their dominion, which have been conquered by the arms of his Britannic Majefty fince the rupture, in the ftate in which thofe poffeffions were found at the period at which the troops of his Bri tannic Majefty carried them. . The orders of 'his faid Ma» jetty for the restitution of thofe prizes and conquefts Shall be immediately expedited after the exchange of the ratifi cation of the acts by which Sweden and Denmark fhall accede to the prefent treaty. " Art. X. The prefent convention foall be ratified by the two contracting parties, and the ratifications exchanged at St. Peterfourgh in the Space of two months at furtheft, from the day of the fignature. " In faith of which the refpective plenipotentiaries have caufed NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 507 caufed to be made two copies thereof perfectly Similar, figned A. D. with their hands, and have caqSed the Seal of their arms to 1^01 be affixed thereto. " Done at St Peterfburgh, the 5th (17th) of June, 1801. (Signed) St. Helens, N. Comte De Panin, Firft Separate Article. " THE 'pur? ana* magnanimous intentions of his Ma jefty the Emperor of all the Ruffias, having already induced him to rettore the veffels and goods of Britifh fubjects, which had been fequeftered in Ruffia; his faid Majefty confirms that difpofition in its whole extent; and his Bri tannic Majefty engages himfelf alfo to give immediate or ders for taking off all fequeftration laid upon the Ruffian, Danifh, and Swedifh properties, detained in Englifh ports, and to prove ftill more his Sincere defire to terminate ami cably the differences which have arifen between Great Bri tain and the northern courts $ and in order that no new incident may throw obftacles in the way of this falutary work, his Britannic Majefty binds himfelf to give orders to the commanders of his. forces by land and fea, that the armiftice now fubfifting with the courts of Denmark and Sweden fhall be prolonged for the term of three months , from the date of this day; and his Majefty the. Emperor ( pf all the Ruffias, guided by the fame motives, under takes, in the name of his allies, to have this armiftice main tained during the faid term. " This feparate article Shall have the fame force and validity as if it were inferred word for word in the treaty figned this day ; and the ratifications thereof Shall be ex changed at the fame time. " In Faith of which the refpedtive plenipotentiaries have caufed to be made two copies thereof perfectly fimilar, figned with their hands, and have caufed the Seal of their arms to be affixed thereto. «' Done at St. Peterfburgh, 5th (17th) of Junes 1801. (Signed) « St. Helens, N. Comte De Panin. Second 508 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. !Soi Second Separate Article. " The differences and mifunderftandings which fubfifted between his Majefty the King of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his Majefty the Emperor of all the Ruffias, being thus terminated, and the precautions taken by the prefent convention not giving further room to fear that they can in future difturb the harmony and good underftanding which the two high contracting parties have at heart to confolidate, their faid Majefties confirrn anew, by the prefent convention, the treaty of commerce of the io February, (21) 1797, of which all the Stipulations are here cited, to be maintained in their whole extent. " This Separate article fhall have the fame force and vai lidity as if it were inferted word for word in the tre'aty figned this day ; and the ratification thereof Shall be ex-; changed at the Same time. / " In faith of which the respective plenipotentiaries have caufed to be made two copies thereof perfectly fimilar, ' Signed with their hands, and have caufed the feal of their ' arms to be affixed thereto. " Done at St Peterfough, the 5th (17th) of June, 1801, (Signed) " St. Helens, N. Comte De Panin,M DECLARATION. {t Although the magnanimous intention of his Imperial Majefty of all the Ruffias to do full and entire juftice to * thofe Britifh fubjects who have fuffered loffes during the troubles which have difturbed the good intelligence between his empire and Great Britain, be already proved by facts,* his Imperial Majefty, confulting folely his good faith, has moreover authorized the underfigned" 'plenipotentiary 'to declare, as he does declare by thefe prefects': 1 ' That all the fhips, the merchandize, and the property , of Britifh fubject::., which had been fequeftrated "during the ; laft reign in Ruffia, Shall not only be faithfully reftored to the faid Britifh fubjects, or to their agents* but alfo that for foe effrtts which may have been alienated in fuch a' manne| . NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 509 manner as to render it impoffible for them to be reftored in. A.D. kind, a Suitable equivalent fhall be granted to the proprie- 1^01 tors, which equivalent Shall be hereafter determined ac cording to the rules of 'equity.' " In faith of which we, plenipotentiary of his Imperial Majefty of all the Ruffias, have figned the prefent declara tion, and have caufed the teal of our arms to be affixed thereto. » Done at St. Peterfburgh, 5th (17th) June, 1801. (Signed) N. Comte De Panin. V Early in the month of June, Rear Admiral Sir Robert Calder joined the Channel fleet, after having in vain pur- Sued the French Squadron under M. Gantheaume; who it has been obferved had entered the Mediterranean. Sir Ro bert Calder, from the intelligence he had 'received, ima gined they had fleered for the Weft Indies and Shaped his courfe for that quarter ; on the 25th of March he arrived off Carlifle bay, and on tbe 26th anchored in cape Navaire bay Martinico; from thence on the 29th he failed for Jamaica, and on the 13th of April anchored in Port Royal harbour. Having here learnt the abfolute destination ofthe ' . , enemy's fquadron, as foon as. the Ships of his fquadron were refitted and victualled, the rear admiral on the 21ft failed from Port Royal for England, leaving the Cumberland to Supply the place of the Thunderer, which was in a bad con- , „dition. 'rt On the 14th of June, Rear Admiral Thomas Graves 1 *, twas invefted with the order of the Bath, in great ceremony onboard the St. George in Kioge bay On the 1 6th, Rear Admiral Sir James Saumarez was fent with a Squadron to cruife off Cadiz and block up that .port.* Ships. Gurts * Caefar, 80 Pompee, So Audacious, , ' 74 Spencer, . 74 Hannibal, 74 Thames, 3* Pafley (brig) H Commanders. Rear Adm. Sir T. Saumarez, Bt. Capt. Jaheel Brenton. Charles Stirling. S. Peard. H. D. E. Derby. S. Ferris. A. P. Holies. Lieut. Wooldridge. On 510 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. On the 20fo, John M'Donald alias Higgins, one ofthe 1801 principal mutineers ofthe Danae was executed, agreeable to the fentence of a court-martial pronounced againft him on the 1 oth. On the ift of July, an order was iffued by the board of Admiralty, that in future all officers of the royal navy whp come on Shore, on Sick, quarter tickets, are nqt to go into private lodgings, but to repair to the Officers wards in the royal naval hoSpital. < On the fame day, agreeable to his Majefty's order in council, dated the ift of May, 1801, amongft many regu,- lations for the better government of the' royal dock yards } that the junior port admiral, or Senior captain in the navy then prefent, was directed to Superintend the payment of the wages on board the Ships of war; efpecially when the commiffioner of the dock yard could not attend. On the 2d of July, two feamen late belonging to the Hermione, were condemned to fuffer death for being con cerned in the mutiny on board that Ship ; one of whom was pardoned. On the 9th, the Ambufcade Dutch frigate, on her paf fage from SheerneeSs to the Downs, Started a plank and almoft inftantly funk in five fathoms water in the Channel to the Nore ; the crew excepting eight were faved by the men of war's boats, and veffels at the , Nore. ' She was weighed up on the 13th, and towed into Sheernefs to be re paired. On the 1 8th, Lieutenant John Alexander Douglas of his Majefty's floop. Hazard, was difmiffed the fervice by the fentence of a court martial ; on a charge proved againft him of abfence without leave. On the 23d, Captain Roberts of the Serpertt floop of war, was fentenced to be reprimanded, on a charge having been proved in part, of his quitting the Cork convoy ; but the other charge againft him of not having, put to Sea with the Belfaft convoy, not being proved, he was acquitted. On the fame day, Lieutenant Renwick of the St. Fio renzo, and Mr. Richard George Peacock, mafter of the fame Ship, were reprimanded by the Sentence of a couit martial for neglect of duty. Lieutenant Grant Allen, commander of the Efcort gun- brig, was tried, ,and acquitted, for. having returned to Spithead NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. t 511 Spithead, when charged with difpatches for fome of the A.D. cruizing frigates. \%oi , Captain Charles Brifoane, of the Doris, who was em ployed with a fquadron of frigates to watch the motions of the enemy's fleet at the entrance of Breft harbour, having obferved a large fhip corvette at anchor under the batteries in Camaret bay ; and thinking it practicable to cut her out, on the night of the 2 ift of July, the boats ofthe Doris, Beaulieu, and Uranie, with two from the Robufl, were difpatched on this defperate fervice, under the command of Lieutenant Lofack, of the Ville de Paris. Captain Brif- bane ordered Lieutenant Spencer to anchor the Tel ema- chus cutter in the Goulet, to prevent the enemy from fending any boats to the affiftance of the corvette. — The enemy expected an attack, and were prepared to receive them. The boats of the fquadron were difco vered at fome diftance from the fhip, and a tremendous fire was inftantly opened from the corvette, as well. as the batteries; nothing could damp the ardour' of the intrepid affailants, who, amidft a Shower of Shot, rowed on, got alongfide of and boarded theenerny, who they found fully prepared to receive them, having ranged their men well armed three deep along the booms. The fhip was bravely (defended for a confiderable time, until the deck was filled with the dead and dying ; when the enemy no longer able to i refift the Superior valour oS the Britifh feamen, declared they had ftruck. The victors brought off their prize, ex- pofed to an inceffant fire from the batteries, and in fight of the combined fleets lying in Br*eft. Three fail of the line made an attempt to come out to fupport their unfortunate friend; but on the appearance of the Britifh fleet, they re tired to their former anchorage. The corvette W/hichhad been fo nobly and gallantly car ried, was La Chevrette, of 20 nine pounders, and 350 men, of whom 92 were killed; among the number, the firft captain, two lieutenants, one lieutenant ofthe troops, and three midfhipmen : wounded 62; of thefe were one lieutenant, and fourmidfoipmen. The lofs on the fide of the Britifh was alfo very fevere ; Ii were killed, 57 wounded, and one miffing. Amongft the flain, were Lieutenant Sinclair, of the ma rines, of the Beaulieu ; and Mr. Warren, midfhipman of the 512 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. the Robufl: wounded Lieutenant Burke,* of the Doris, 1801 dangeroufly; and Mr. Crofton, midfhipman of the fame Ship; lieutenant of the Uranie; Mr. Phillips, matter's mate; Meffrs. Byrne and Finois, midfhipmen of the Beau- lieu. The officers employed on this fervice were, Ville de Paris — Lieutenant Lofack. Doris — Lieutenants Rofs, Crofoie, Clarke, and Burke; Lieutenant Rofe, ofthe marines. Beaulieu— Lieutenant Maxwell; acting Lieutenant Paf ley ; Lieutenant Sinclair; ofthe marines. Uranie — Lieutenant Neville.' In this month, an expedition failed to take poffeffion ofthe ifland of Madeira. On the 27th, Captain H. Hotham, in the Immortality being on a cruize in the Bay, fell in with, and captured a French privateer, named L'Invention, carrying 24 guns on a fluff* deck, and 210 men : She was of a Angular con struction, having four mafts, each rigged in the ufual man ner, and of extraordinary dimenfions, being 14.7 feet long, and 27 feet wide, built on a plan defigned by" her com mander, M. Th'ibaut. On the 30th, his Majefty's royal proclamation was it Sued, offering a pardon to all feamen or marines who fhall furrender themfelves up as deferters before the ift day of September. Alfo a promife to all fuch feamen who may" ,have deferted, and now belong to any of his Majefty's Ships, of the payment of the wages which may be due to them in the-fhip from which they may have, deferted. Vice Admiral Lord Vifcount Nelfon was appointed to command a fquadron employed for the defence of the coaft between Orfordnefs and Beachey Head ; together with all the floating defence and fea fencibles within the limits of that diftrict. His Lordfhip hoifted his flag on board foe Medufa ;'and on the 3d of Auguft Sailed from the Downs with a fquadron, compofed chiefly of gun-veffels and^bombs ; the next morn ing his lordfhip made a vigorous attack upon twenty-four of the enemy's armed veffels moored off Boulogne. The * This gallant young officer died of his wounds at the Royal Hofpi' tal, Plymouth, in the 23d year of his age. Shell? NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 513 Shells were thrown with Such precifion, that in the courfe of A;D< the day three ofthe enemy's flats and a brig were funk, and looi fix were driven afoore much damaged. At high water the ' remainder todk refuge in the harbour. This fervice was performed with no lofs. Captain Fyers, of the artillery, was wounded in the thigh by the burfting of a fhell ; and two feamen wounded. The next day Lord NelsoN iffued the following Addrefs to his'fquadron. Medufa, off Boulogne, Auguft, 5. " Lord Nelfon has reafon to be very much fatisfied with » the captains of the bombs, for their placing of foe veffels " yefterday : it was impoffible that they could have been bet ter Situated ; and the artillery officers, have fo'ewn great Skill in entirely difabling ten of the armed veffels out of twenty- four, oppofed to them ; and many others, Lord Nelfon be lieves, are much damaged. " The commander in chief cannot avoid noticing the great zeal and defire to attack the enemy in a clofe and differ ent combat, which manifefted itfelf in "all ranks of perfons, and which Lord Nelfon would gladly have given full fcope to, had the attempt at this moment been proper; but the officers and others may rely, that an early opportunity fhall be given them, for foe wing their judgment, zeal, and bra very. " The hired and revenue cutters kept under fail, and per formed the duty entrufted to them with a greatdeal Offkill." " (Signed) Nelson and Bronte." French Account of the Attack 'at Boulogne \th of Auguft. " The day before yefterday (Auguft the 4th), at day break, Admiral Nelfon, with thirty veffels of war of all fizes, appeared before, Boulogne, A divifion of our light flotilla was anchored at the diftance of 500 fathoms before the entrance of the port ; the three fections of the divifion .were placed clofe to "each other without any interval. The Englifh bomb veffels began the fire, which ours returned; but the enemy kept at a diftance, which . we eftimated at I.900 fathoms from the line of our divifion, " The Englifh fleet attempted Several times to advance ; our foldiers requefted leave to hoard, and three battalions embarked in the three fections of the divifion ; the other ¦*Vtf Vol. III. ' < LI divifions 514 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. divifions of the light flotilla w^re in port ready to proceed i So i t0 the affiftance of the van. " Our flotilla kept up a welhfupported fire, and'at noon the enemy was obliged to refume his firft pofition without reach of our cannon;, he, however, continued to -throw bombs : the number of thofe thrown in the courfe of the day amounted to more than nine hundred. No perfon was. either killed or wounded by them. Two gun boats which they had damaged, were immediately put io a ftate offer- vice. " Yefterday, the 5th, in the morning, the Englifh fleet - difappeared. ' Rear Admiral Latpuche could have done more hurt to the enemy had the weather been calm. " The intention of the Englifh admiral was to compel our van to return into port. He did not accomplifh that ob ject. This combat took place in fight of both countries. " It is the firft of the kind : the historian will have caufe to make this remark !" The enemy having again moored their flotilla off Bou logne, which was considerably augmented to.- what it had been in the preceding attack : Lord Nelfon proceeded thi ther with his fquadron, determined, if poffible, either to de ftroy or bring them off. For this purpofe, on the night of the 15th of Auguft, he directed the attack to be made by the armed boats of , the fquadron, which Was formed into four divifions, commanded by the Captains Somerville, Cot- grave, Jones, and Parker; a divifion of howitzer boats was alfo under Captain Conner. Captain Bedford, of the Leyden, and Captain Gore, of the Medufa, manifested great zeal upon this occafion, offering their fervices as vo lunteers Under a mafter and commander, which offer was handfomely declined by the commander in chief. At half paft eleven at night fog boats put off from the Medufa, and proceeded in the beft poffible order. At half paft twelve, Captain Parker, with foe fecond divifion, commenced the attack in a moft intrepid and gallant manner ; but attempt- . ing himfelf to board a brig off the Mole, wearing the com modore's broad pendant, which had a Strong netting traced up to her lower yards, all his endeavours were baffled; art inftantaneous difcharge Of her guns, and fmall arms, from about 200 foldiers on her gunwale, knocked Captain Parker, with moft of the crew, upon their backs into the boat, all of whom were either killed, or badly wounded. Their NAVAL. CHRONOLOGYi 515 Their Situation was fo precarious, that had not Mr. Cath- A, D. cart, midfhipman of the Medufa, inftantly came and toWed i8ot the boat off, they muft have fallen into the hands of the enemy. The other boats in Captain Parker's divifion, commanded by Lieutenants Williams, Longford, and Pel- ley, were conducted and fought with diftinguifhed braveryj moft of their crews being either killed or wounded. To the darknefs of the night, and uncertainty of the tides, which caufed the.other divifions to be feparated from ¦ the fecond, may be attributed the want of fuccefs in this daring and bold enterprife: had they arrived at the point of attack at the fame happy moment with Captain Parker* there could have been no doubt of the event turning out glorious to his Majefty's arms. Notwithftanding this un fortunate circumftance, the greateft Skill and perfevering bravery was difplayed by the captains, officers, and men compofing the other divifions, who attacked and abfolutely „ took poffeffion of many brigs and fiats, and cut their cables ; but from the unlucky circumftance of their being a-ground* or moored with chains, it was impoffible to bring them offj or even burn them, as the moment the battle ceafed, the enemy, regardlefs of the lives of their own men, difcharged repeated and heavy vollies of mufketry from the fhore. It being confidered fruitlefs to make any further attempts on the enemy's flotilla, the boats foon after day-light re turned to the fquadron. So defperate and vigorous an at tack, and a refiftance fo powerful on the paft of the enemy4 was attended with confiderable flaughter. Firft Divifion — Captain SoMERViLLfe. Leyden — Eight feamen, three marines, killed ; five offi* cers, 20 feamen, 15 marines, wounded. Total, 5*. Eugenie — Three feamen killed ; one officer, five feamenj Wounded. Total, 9. Jamaica — One officer, three feamen, killed ; one officer^ four feamen, four marines, wounded. Total, 13. Second Divifion — Captain Parker. Medufa — Twd' officers, 14 feamen, four marines, killed \ five officers, 24 feamen, fix marines, wounded. Total, 55. Queenborough Cutter — One feaman killed 5 fix feamen Wounded. Total, 7. Minx — One officer wounded. • Li a Third 51(5 NAYAL. CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Third 'Divifion— Capiain CoTGRAVE. 1801 York— One officer, two feamen, killed ; one officer, 10 feamen, five marines, wounded. Total, 19. Garnet — One feamen, killed; two feamen, wounded; Total, 3. Ferriter — Two Seamen, wounded. Providence — Two feamen, wounded. , . Exprefs — Four feamen, wounded. ExploSion — One feamen killed ; two feamen wounded. Total, 3. Difeovery— One feaman wounded. Fourth Divifion — Captain R: Jones. None killed or wounded. Total — Four officers, 33 feamen^ feven marines, killed ; 14 officers, 84 Seamen, 30 marines, wounded. Total, 172, Names of Officers Killed and Wounded. Leyden— Lieutenants Thomas Oliver, Francis Dicken- fon, badly ; Captain Young, of the marines, badly ; Mr. Francis Burney, matter's. mate; Mr, Samuel Sprately, mid fhipman, wounded. Eugenie — Mr. William Baffet, acting lieutenant, wound ed. Jamaica — Mr. Alexander Rutherford, matter's mate, killed ; Lieutenant Jeremiah Skelton, wounded. Medufa— Mr. William Gore, Mr. William Briftow, midfhipmen, killed; Captain Edward Thornborough Parker, Lord Nelfon's aid-de-camp, Lieutenants Charles Pelley, Frederick Longford, Mr. William Kir- by, mafter, the Hon. Anthony Maitland, midfhipman, wounded. ' York — Mr. Berry, midfhipman, killed} Mr. Brown, gunner, wounded. Mr. Richard Wilkinfon, commander ofthe Greyhound revenue cutter, and one feaman, wounded. Captain Parker died at Deal of the wounds he had re- ceived on the 27th of September. The following Addrefs was fent by Lord Nelson to the Squadron on his return to the Downs. " Medufa, Downs, Auguft 18. * Vice Admiral Lord Nelfon has the greateft Satisfac tion NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 517 tion in fending to the captains, officers and men under his AD- command, that' were employed in the late attempt on the l8or enemy's flotilla off Boulogne, an extract of a letter which he has received from the firft Lord of the Admiralty, not only approving of their zeal and perfevering courage, but beftowing the higheft praife on them. " The Vice Admiral begs to affure them, that the enemy will not have long reaSon to boaft of their Security ; for he trufts ere long, to affift them in perfon in a way which will completely annihilate the whole of them. Lord Nelfon is convinced, that if it had been poffible for men to have brought the enemy's flotilla out, the men that were em ployed to do fo would have accomplifhed it. The moment the enemy have the audacity to eaft off the chains which fix their veffels to the ground, that moment, Lord Nelfon is well perfuaded, they will be conducted by his brave fol lowers to a Britifh port, or Sent to the bottom. " (Signed) Nelson and Bronte." Extracl of a Letter from Earl St. Vincent, to Lord Vifcount Nelson, K. B. dated the 17 th infant. " It is not given to us to command Succefs. Your Lordfhip, and the gallant officers and men under your or ders, moft certainly deferve it: and I cannot fufficiently exprefs my admiration ofthe zeal and perfevering courage with which this gallant enterprize was followed up ; la menting moft Sincerely the lofs fuflained, in it. The man ner in which the enemy's flotilla was made fall to the ground, and to each other, could not have been forefeen. The higheft praife is due to your Lordfhip, and all under your command, who were actors in this gallant attempt. FRENCH ACCOUNT. ' Rear Admiral La Touche, to the Minifter of Marine. " Boulogne, Auguft idth* " Citizen Minifter, " I had the honour to inform you by.my difpatch ofthe 17th Thermidor, ofthe battle ofthe 16th (Auguft 4th) in which the leading divifion' of the fleet of fmall veffels under my command; of itfelf frustrated all the efforts of the Eng lifh fleet, and kept, the enemy at a fufficient diftance from Boulogne, to prevent the bombardment of the port, and to ward off all danger from the other divifions of the fleet^ L 1 3 Admiral 518 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Admiral Nelfon, feeing that all his efforts were ineffectual, l$°l difappeared on the 17th, no doubt to procure reinforce ments, and to lay in ammunition. He again made his ap pearance yefterday with feveral fhips of the line, and a great number of frigates, brigs, pinnaces, gun-boats, &c. He Anchored' at the diftance of 3000 toifes from the leading dW yifion, which' ftill kept its original pofition, about 50Q toifes from the mouth of the harbour. I had augmented it "by one fection, and had Strengthened it by the addition of feveral bomb fhips. I could eafily perceive in the evening that the enemy meditated an attack, their fhip* being fur- rounded with boats and fmall craft of all fizes. I had there fore ordered feveral boats to keep watch that I might have timely notice of the approach of the enemy. About three quarters of an hour after. twelve one ofthe boats difcovered the enemy, and was immediately attacked. The fire open ed with uncommon brifknefs on both fides ; the bombs, the cannon,, and the mufketty, prefented, amid the waves, a Spectacle truly grand. The land batteries could be of no affiftance to us, for fear of firing upon our own boats. The enemy had embarked from two to three thoufand men, in pinnaces and boats ; fix of thefe attacked the Etna guii boat, carrying Captain Peireux, who commanded the divi sion, and killed two Englifh failors with his own ,hand. Almoft all the gun-boats of the leading divifion were at the fame time boarded by the EngliSh pinnaces ; but theSe every where found the fame refiftance. Every where they were repulfed. The braveft of the Englifh who attempted tq board, were either thrown into the fea, or made prifoners.' The fartheft off gun-brig on our right, the Vulcan, was attacked again and again, but always repulfed theenerny. The gun-boat, the Surprife, commanded by LieiitrtGatrau, run down four of the enemy's pinnaces, and took a confide rable number. While thefe things were going on in front, a divifion ofthe enemy attempted to. get between us and the fhore. Here, as at Algefiras, the Englifo were the dupes of this manoeuvre. Our boats accompanied the retreat of the enemy with a heavy cannonade, which did not ceafe till four in the morning, when the Englifh had got beyond gun Shot. Of the enemy's boats, eight were run down, and four were taken'. I muft be within bounds, when I ftate their lofs in killed, wounded, and prifoners, at four or five hundred men. Every moment the dead bodies pf the Eng- • " :;. lifh. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 5ig lifh are eaft up upon the beach. The battalions of foe 46th, A- D- 57th, and 108th, embarked in the leading Jivifion, covered l8ot themfelves with glory. I foall not fail to fend you the names of thofe brave fellows who deferve to be particularly diftinguifhed by the Chief Conful. On our fide we had ten men killed, and thirty wounded." > On the 10th of Auguft," Vice Admiral Pole arrived at Spithead with part of the Baltic fleet;* and on the 19th the vice admiral proceeded to cruize off Cadiz. , On the nth, a court martial affembled at Portfmouth to • try Lieutenant Colonel Winter, ofthe marines, on charges preferred againft him by Captain Albemarle Bertie, of the Malta. The whole proceedings having been gone through, and laid before his Majefty, the fentence was made public, of which the following is a copy : *" " The court is of opinion, that whatever tendency the converfation might have which paffed between Lieutenant Colonel Robert Winter, and Captain Bertie, whieh by no means is proved to the extent of the warrant, and which might neverthelefs, be good or bad, according to the ftile or manner of its • delivery ; as, by evidence adduced, it reached not the ears of the men, and was confequently.a converfationconfined wholly to themSelves; that Lieutenant Colonel Winter could have no other object in view than the good of his Majefty's fervice ; a fentiment the court more readily adopt, from the very high and flattering tefti- mony which the witneffes have brought towards the efta-? blifhment of this principle in the lieutenant colonel. " Lieutenant Colonel Robert Winter is therefore fully acquitted ofthe charge brought againft him ; the Court do therefore give him the moft honourable acquittal." On the 17th of Auguft, Lieutenant Croad, of his Ma jefty's Ship De Ruyter, was diftniffed the Service, by the Sentence of a court-martial, on a charge of drunkennefs being proved againft him. On the 20th, the Honourable Captain John Murray, and his officers, were acquitted by a court-martial, nothing appearing in evidence to criminate them in the leaft, for the lofs of his Majefty's Ship JaSon, near St. Maloe"s. On the night of the 20th, the boats of the Fifgard, Dia- mond, and Boadicea, commanded by Lieutenant Piper, * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 413. L 1 4 with 520 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. with great Spirit boarded and brought out of the harbour J8oi of'Corunna, El Neptune, a new Ship, pierced'for 20 guns, belonging to his Catholic Majefty ; a gUn boat, mounting a long 32 pounder; and a merchant' fhip, which were moored within the ftrong batteries, that protect the port, and fo near them that the centinels on the ramparts challenged the boats, and immediately commenced a heavy fire. This gallant exploit was conducted with a degree of coolnefs which reflects infinite credit on the officers and men, who, amidft an inceffant fire, towed off the Veffels, and accomplifhed the enterprife without any lofs. On the '20th, the boats of the fmall fquadron under Captain Rofe, of the Jamaica, took and deftroyed fix large flats near St. Valleroy, defended by five field pieces on Shore, and a body of military potted on the beach. This fervice was performed with the. lofs of one man killed; a midfhipman and three wounded. On the 22d, Lieutenant John Dixon, commanding the Union hofpital fhip, was tried by a court-martial on board the Surprize, at Sheernefs, on a charge of Suffer ing liquor to be fold in the Ship, after he had been repeat edly informed of it, and had not taken proper Steps to pre vent it. Tbe charge having been in part proved, the Court fentenced him to be difmiffed the Union,- and rendered incapable of ferving in any of his Majefty's fhips again. On the 31ft, John Pearce, a feamen, late belonging to his Majefty's lhip Hermoine, was executed, purfuant to the fentence of a court-martial, for having been aiding in the murder of the officers of that fhip, and carrying her into La Guira. On the ift of September, a court martial affembledon board the Gladiator, to try Captain Solomon Ferris, his officers, and fhip's company, for the lofs of his Majefty's fhip Hannibal, in Algezuras bay, on the 6th of July, 1801. Prefent.. Rear Admiral Halloway, Prefident. Capt. G. Murray, Capt. F. Pickmore, G. Duff, E. I. Foote, J. N. Newman, R. Dacres, R. Lambert, R. Retalick. W. Grainger. M. Greetham, Efq. Judge Advocate. The NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 521 The Narrative of Captain Ferris. A. D. Mr. Prefident, and Gentlemen ofthe Court. " In giving a detail of the circumftances, which led to the lofe-of his Majefty's late fhip the HannibaJ, then under my command, I am forry, that owing to my clerk being killed, and whofe remarks were loft, I cannot be fo particular, as to the exact times of fignals being made, as I otherwife Should have been ; but I Shall ftate them to you, to the beft of my recollection. " On the morning of the 6th of July laft, at or about Six o'clock, his Majefty's fhips Venerable, Pompee, Au dacious, Caefar, Spencer, and Hannibal, under the com mand of Rear Admiral Sir James Saumarez, being off Cabareta Point, and flanding in for Algeziras Bay, upon the larboard tack, with the wind wefterly; the admiral made the fignal to the Venerable, to know if She could Setch the enemy's Ships then in fight in that bay, which being anfwered in the affirmative, the admiral made the fignal for cloSe action. " At about eight o'clock, the Venerable began the action, at a confiderable diftance to leeward, as fhe could not fetch further into the bay ; and foon after the Pompee anchored nearer in fhore, and the Audacious a-ftern of her. The admiral in the Csefar, next anchored arhead of the Auda cious, and made a fignal for the fhips to anchor in the beft poffible manner for their mutual fupport. We then an chored a-head of the Csefar within hail of her, and by a fpring, got our broadfide to bear on one of the enemy's line of battle Ships, at about ten minutes before nine o'clock where we kept up a good fire for about an hour. " At this time, about ten o'clock, not having under stood fome verbal directions, attempted to be given from the Casfar, I received an order from the admiral by an officer, to go and rake the French admiral. I inftantly turned up the hands to make fail, cut the cable, and eaft the fhip by the Spring, and made fail to the northward, Stood in, to a quarter lets, fix,- and then tacked for the French admiral, for the purpofe I had been ordered to effect. " As I approached him, I began to take in fail in fuch a manner as would enabled me to' have hauled in Shore athwart his hawfe, and which I preferred to going to lee ward under his ftern, as that might have Subjected me from tbe variable flaws of wind, to have drifted further to lee ward, 522 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. ward, and confequently without fulfilling in a manner 1801 which I deemed the moft effected and decifive, the object of my orders. But juft as I got the fore clew-garnets manned, in order to take in the fore-fail, with an intentto put the helm a-lee, and to brace the head yard's a-box, the fhip took the ground, within hail of the Formidable. (the French admiral's fhip) and which accident alone could have prevented me from putting my orders into execution. " In this fituation I opened my fire on the French ad miral, with as many of my foremoft guns as could be brought to bear on him, the reft being directed, with much effect, on the town, batteries, and gun-boats, with which I was Surrounded. But the fhip appearing to Swing a little, I let go the bower anchor and- cut the cable, the ftream cable being clenched to the ring of the anchor, and in at the gun-room port, on which I intended to heave a Strain to endeavour to force the fliip round, fo as to bring her broadfide to bear on the French admiral (having at this time no hope of getting the fliip entirely a-float, the mafter having, by my directions, Sounded round her, and found rather lefs water than where She lay) but the Spring being Shot away before it was well taught, the Ship remained immoveable. I had by this time, after much endeavourj all my fignal hau'lyards being fhot away, effected making the fignal for Striking and Sticking faft on a Shoal. *' I obferved fome time afterwards all our fhips driving out of the bay, the admiral. having previoufly made my fignal of recall, and fent a boat from the Csefar, and ano ther from the Venerable to my affiftance ; but finding they could afford me none, Ifent the Venerable's boat back, and the crew of foe Csefar's in one of my own cutters, their pinnace having been funk by a fhot alongfide. ( " About twelve o'clock our Ships were all out of gun» fhot of the enemy, and we had the fire of the whole French fquadron, batteries, and gun-boats, to contend with alone} againft which we continued to keep up as a brifk fire as could be expected, even by men in the moft fanguine expec* tation of victory, until nearly two o'clock. " I had been before this time receiving repeated reports from feveral of my officers of the numbers killed and wounded, and of many of my guns being rendered- unser viceable ; and feeing many of my brave crew every moment . falling at their quarters* and the Ship in all refpecls but -' little NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 523 little better than a wreck, I thought proper to call my A.D. officers together, and afked their opinion, whether more J8oi could be done for the prefervation ofthe Ship; they replied, that they thought it was impoffible to do more, and that to flrike the. colours was tbe only means of preferving the Jives of thofe that remained. f{ On thefe considerations, and from a conviction of having experienced every poffible affiftance that the perfe vering endeavours of zealous and brave officers and men could afford me, (whofe exertions, and thofe of Lieutenant Hill's in particular, who did duty as my firft lieutenant, during the action and for fome time before, I fhall ever remember with the greateft gratitude) ; and feeing that our hitherto very effective fire on the enemy's fhips and batte ries was now fo Slackened as to be nearly ufelefs, I ordered the firing to ceafe, and the pebple to Shelter themSelves as much as poffible ; and in a little time afterwards I fubmitted to the' painful neceffity of ordering his Majefty's colours to be hauled down." The court on hearing of the narrative of Captain .Ferris, and the evidence of' the officers and Ship's company, and after mature deliberation, was of opinion that the lofs of his Majefty's Ship Hannibal was caufed by her grounding on a Shoal in the Bay of Algeziras, a-head of the French admi ral, when Captain. Ferris her commander, agreeably to the orders he had received, was making the gallant and well judged attempt to place her fo as to rake the enemy; and after a confiderable part of the Ship's company had been killed or wounded, being obliged to Strike his Majefty's colours ; and that the conduct of Captain Ferris, in going into the action was that of an excellent and expert feaman, and that his conduct after She was engaged was that of a brave, cool, and determined officer; and that the Said Cap tain Ferris, his officers and Ship's company, by their con duct throughout the action, more particularly in continuing it for a confiderable time after fhe was on fhore, and the reft of his Majefty's fleet had been obliged to quit her, did the utmoft for the "prefervation of his Majefty's fhip, and the honour of the Britifh flag; and doth adjudge them to be honourable acquitted ; and the faid Solomon Ferris, his officers and Ship's company are hereby honourably ac quitted accordingly. " ' ?'¦ This 524 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. l A. D. This handfome and highly honourable acquittal was int- 180 1 mediately followed byt the return of Captain Ferris's fword to him by the prefident, who was pleafed in a manner that did honour to his feelings, to addrefs him in the following words : " Captain Ferris, I have great pleafure in returning this fword to you, as I feel affured, if ever you have occafion to unfheathe it again, it will be ufed with the fame gal lantry which you fo nobly difplayed in defending. his Ma jefty's Ship Hannibal." On the 2d of September, Mr. Lewis, fecond lieutenant of the Sirius, was tried by a court martial held on board the Cambridge in Hamoaze, on a charge preferred againft him, for leaving the quarter deck, during his watch in the night, and when the .Sirius was at tingle anchor, and the look-out frigate df the in-foore fquadron off Breft. , The charge was fully proved, when the prefident (Rear' Admiral Collingwood) and the members of the court-mar tial taking into their confideration the nature and confe- i quence of the charge \ and alfo on foe other hand the very ' excellent character of Lieutenant Lewis as an officer and a gentleman, only difmiffed him his Majefty's fervice. On the 9th, tbe mafter of the Sirius was difmiffed his Ship, purfuant to the Sentence oS a court-martial, and never to Serve higher than a fixth rate; the charges of drunken- nefs and neglect of duty being fully proved. Mr. Rains, firft lieutenant of the Sirius, was alfo tried by a court-martial, • on charges exhibited againft him by the mafter, for drunkennefs, and leaving his quarters during the time Of action. The court, on hearing the evidence of the profeeutor sin fupport of the charge, found it fo contradictory, vaguer and ill-founded, that the prefident and court unanimoufly /' acquitted Lieutenant Rains of the' whole of the charges' "againft him in the moft honourable manner. On the 14th, Lieutenant Suckling was difmiffed the com mand ofthe Furnace gun-brig, on a charge being in part proved againft him for neglect of duty and abfence without leave. On the fame day, foe mafter of the Terror bomb, was difmiffed the fervice for neglect of duty. On the ift of 1 October, the preliminaries of peace were Signed between his Britannic Majefty and the French Re public, of which the following are the articles : Preliminary. * NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 525 Preliminary Articles of Peace, between his Britannic Ma- A.D. jefty and the French Republic: Signed at London (in 1°01 Englifi and French), the ift of ' Oclober, 1801; the' gth Vendemiaire, Year 10 of the French Republic. " HIS Majefty the King of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the firft conful of the French republic, in the name of the French people, being animated with an equal defire of putting an end to the ca lamities of a destructive war, and of 're-eftablifhing union and good understanding between the two'countries, have named for this purpofe ; namely, his Britannic Majefty, the Right Honourable Robert Banks Jenkinfon, commonly called Lord Hawkefbury, one of his Britannic Majefty's moft honourable privy council, and his principal fecretary of ftate for foreign affairs; and the firft conful of the French republic, in the name of the French people, Citi zen Lewis William Otio, commiffary for the exchange of French prifoners in England; who, after having duly com municated to each other their full powers, in good form, have agreed on the following preliminary articles : " Art. I. As foon as the preliminaries foall be figned and ratified, Sincere friendfhip foall be re-eftabliflied be-. tween his Britannic Majefty and the French Republic, by fea and land, in all parts ofthe world; and in order that all hostilities may ceafe immediately between the two .pow ers, and between them and their allies refpedtively, the neceffary inftrudtions fhall be fent with the utmoft difpatch to, the commanders of the fea and land forces of thetefpec- tive ftates, and each of the contracting parties engages to grant paffports, and every facility requifite to accelerate the ; arrival, and enfure the execution of thefe orders. It is farther agreed, that all conquefts which may have been made by either of the contracting parties from the other, or from their refpeclive allies, fubfequentlyto the ratification of the prefent preliminaries, fhall be confidered as of no effect, and fhall be faithfully comprehended in the restitutions to be made after the ratification of the definitive treaty. "Art. II. His Britannic Majefty fhall rettore to the French Republic and her allies ; namely^ to his Catholic Majefty, and to the Batavian republic, all the poffeffions and colonies occupied or conquered by the Englifo forces in the . courfe of the prefent war, with the exception of the ifland of Trinidad, and the Dutch poffeffions in the ifland of Ceylon, of 52 6 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. of which iflandsand poffeffionshis Britannic Majefty referv'es 1801 t0 himfelf the foil and entire Sovereignty. " Art. III. The port of the Cape of GoodHope Shall be open to the commerce and navigation oS the two con tracting parties, who fhall enjoy therein the Same advan tages. " Art. IV. .The ifland of Malta, with its dependen cies, foall be evacuated by the troops of his Britannic Ma jefty, and reftored to the order of St. John of Jerufalem. For the purpoSe oS rendering this ifland completely inde. pendent of either the two contracting parties, it fhall be placed under the guarantee and protection of a third power, to be agreed upon in the definitive treaty. , " Art. V. Egypt fhall be reftored to the Sublime Porte, 1 whofe territories aiid poffeffions fhall be preferved entire, fuch as they exifted previoufly to the prefent war. " Art. VI. Th? territories and poffeffions of her mod Faithful Majefty foall likewife be preferved entire. ¦ " Art. VII. The French Forces foall evacuate the kingdom of Naples and the Roman territory. The Englifh forces fhall in like manner evacuate Porto Ferrajo, and generally all the ports and iflands which they may occupy in the Mediterranean, or in the Adriatic. " Art. VIII. The republic of the feven iflands fhall be acknowledged by the French Republic. '* Art. IX. The evacuations, ceffions, and restitutions, Stipulated for by the prefent preliminary articles, fhall take place in Europe within one month ; in the continent and feas of America and of Africa, within three months; and in the continent and feas of Afia, within fix months after the ratification of the definitive treaty. *' Art. X. The prifoners made respectively fhall, im mediately after the exchange of the ratifications of the de finitive treaty, all be reftored, and without" ranfom, on paying reciprocally the debts which they may have indivi dually contracted. Difcuffions having arifen refpecting the payment for the maintenance of prisoners of war, the contracting powers referve this queftion to be fettled by the definitive treaty according to the law of nations, and' in conformity to eftablifhed ufage. " Art. XI. In order to prevent all caufes of complaint and difpute which may arife on account of prizes, whieh may be made at fea after the fignature of the preliminary articles, it is reciprocally agreed that the veffels and effects . which NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 527 Which may be taken in the Britifh Channel and in the A.D. North Seas, after the fpace of twelve days, to be com- i8or puted from the exchange of the ratifications of the prefent preliminary articles, fhall be reftored on each fide; that the term fhall be one month from the Britifh Channel and tha North Seas as far as the Canary Iflands inclufively, whe ther in the ocean, or in the Mediterranean ; two months from the faid Canary Iflands as far as the Equator; and laftly, five months in all other parts of the world, without any ex ception, or any more particular defcription of time or place. " Art. XII. All fequeflrations impofed by either qf the parties on the funded property, revenues, or debts, of any defcription, belonging to either of the. contracting pow ers, or to their fubjects or citizens, fhall be taken off imme diately after the Signature ofthe definitive treaty. The deci- fion of all claims brought forward by individuals of the country againft individuals. of the other fortprivate rights, debts, property, or effects whatfoever, which, according to received ufages and the law of nations, ought to revive at the period of peace, fhall be heard and decided before the competent tribunals; and in all cafes prompt and ample juf tice fhall be adminiftered in the countries where the claims are made. It is agreed,. moreover, that this article, immedi ately after the ratification of the definitive treaty, Shall apply to the allies of the contracting parties, and to the individuals of the refpective nations upon the condition of a juft reci procity. " Art. XIII. With refpect to the fiffieries on the coafts of the ifland of Newfoundland, and of the iflands adjacent, and in the Gulph of St. Lawrence, the two par ties have agreed to reftore them to the fame fo of his Majefty's Ships named in the margin,* under my orders, to coramur nicate to the marines Serving on board the respective fhips under their command the above letter from the commander in chief: and I feel equally happy their j>ood conduct has merited fuch a mark of approbation from him and the Lords Commiffioners ofthe Admiralty. " (Signed) A. Mitchell." On the fame day ofthe execution of the mutineers, the fquadron under Rear Admiral Campbell dropped down to St. Helens previous to their failing for the Weft Indies. + On the 6th of December Lieutenant W. H. Ingram, of the Ifis, was difmiffed the fhip by the fentence of a „ court-martial, and put at the bottom of the lift of lieute nants, on a charge being proved of behaving in an ungen- tlemanlike manner to the officers ofthe fhip. On the 13th Rear Admiral Totty failed from Spithead for the Weft-Indies. * Wmdfor Caftle, Princefs Royal, Glory, and Malta; the Refiv lution and Vengeance wefe alfo, it appeared afterwards, entitled to. fhare in the public declaration of thanks, \ Appendix, Chap", il. No. 414. M m 4 A List 536 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. 1801 A Lift of Flag Officers, with the number of Poft Captains, Mafters and Commanders, and Lieutenants belonging- ta. the Royal Navy bf Great Britain, on the 31/? of Decern^' her, 1801. ¦¦¦'"'¦¦ FLAG OFFICERS. Admiral of the Fleet. Sir Peter Parker, Bt. Admirals of the Robert Roddam, Efq. Mark Milbank, Efq. Nicholas Vincent, Efq. Lord Graves, Robert Digby, Efq. Vifcount Bridport, Sir Chaloner Ogie» Kt. Vifcount Hood, Sir Richard Hughes, Bt. John Elliot, Efq. Lord Hotham, Admirals of the Sir Richard Onflow, Bt. Sir Robert Kingfmill, Bt. Hon. William Cornwallis, William Allen, Efq. ' Charles Buckner, Efq. John Gell Efq. * William Dickfon, Efq. • Lord Gardner, Robert Linzee, Efq. Skeffington Lutwidge, Efq. Thomas Dumarefq, Efq. White Squadron. Jofeph Peyton, Efq. Sir Charles Middleton, Bt. Sir Richard King, Bt. Earl St. V'ncent, Vifcount Duncan ', Ttichard Brathwaite, Efq. Philips Cofoy, Efq. Samuel Cornifo, Efq. John Brifbane, Efq. Charles Wofeley, Efq. Duke of Clarence. Blue Squadron. Sir Hyde Parker, Kt. Benjamin Caldwell, Efq.- Sir James Wallace, Kt. Wm. Peere Williams, Efq.. Sir Thomas Pafley, Bt. Sir Thomas Rich, Bt. James Cummings, Efq. Sir John Colpoys, K. B. Archibald Dickfon, Efq. George Montagu, Efq. • Lord Keith, K.B. James Pigot, Efq. Lord Radftock, Thomas Mackenzie, Efq. Thomas Pringle, Efq. Sir Roger Curtis, Bt.' Sir Henry Harvey, K, B. Robert Man, Efq. Vice Admirals of the Red. Sir William Parker, Bt. Charles Holmes Everet Cal- madey, Efq. John Bourmafter, Efq. Sir George Young, Bt. John Henry, Efq. Richard Rodney Bligh, Efq. Vice. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, 537 Vice Admirals ofthe White. A.D. 1801 Alexander Graeme, Efq. George Keppel, Efq. Samuel Reeve, Efq. Robert Biggs, Efq. Francis Parry, Efq. Ifaac Prefcot, Efq. John Bazely, Efq. Vice Admirals ofthe Blue, Cha. Chamberlayne, Efq. Peter Rainier, Efq. Chriftopher Parker, Efq. Philip Patten, Efq. Sir Charles M. Pole, Bt. John Browne, Efq. Chriftopher Mafon, Efq. Thomas Spry, Efq. Sir John Orde, Bt. William Young, Efq. James Gambier, Efq. Sir Andrew Mitchell, K. B. John Leigh Douglas, Efq. William Swiney, Efq. Charles Edw. Nugent, Efq. Charles P. Hamilton, Efq. Edmund Dod, Efq. Vife. Nelfon, Duke of Bronte, Rear Admirals of the Red. Sir George Home, Bt. Sir Charles Cotton, Bt. John Thomas, Efq. James Brine, Efq. John Pakenham, Efq. Sir Erafmus Gower, Kt. James H. Whitfoed, Efq. Arthur Kemp, Efq. Smith Child, Efq. John Halloway, Efq. George Wilfon, Efq. Sir Cha. H. Knowles, Bt. Hon. Thomas P.t.kenham, Robert Deane, Efq. Cuthbert Collingwood, Efq. Lord Lecale, Thomas Taylor, Efq. Sir John Tho. Duckworth, K.B. Rear Admirals ofthe White. John Willet Payne, Efq. Sir Robert Calder, Bt. James Richard Dacres, Efq. Hon. George C. Berkeley, Efq. Thomas Weft, Efq. James Douglas, Efq. Peter Aplin, Efq. Henry Savage, Efq, Barth. Sam. Rowley, Efq. Sir Rich. Bickerton, Bt. George Bowen, Efq. Robert Montagu, Efq. John Fergufon, Efq. Edward Edwards, Efq. Sir John Borlafe Warren, K.B. Edward Tyrell Smith, Efq. Sir Thomas Graves, K. B. -, Thomas Mar. Ruffe], Efq. Silverius Moriaty, Efq. Sir Henry Trqllope, Kt. Rear 538 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A-D- Rear Admirals ofthe Blue. i8ox , J Henry Edwin Stanhope, Efq. John Fifh, Efq. Robert-M'Douall, Efq. ' Jaheel Brenton. Efq. v Billy Douglas, Efq. John Knight, Efq. John Wicky, Efq. Edward Thornborough, Ef(J» John Inglis, Efq. James Kempthorne, Efq; Sampfon Edwards, Efq. . Arthur Philip, Efq. George Campbell, Erq. Sir Will. Geo. Fairfax, Kt.' Thomas Hicks, Efq. Thomas Totty, Efq. • Henry Cromwell, Efq. Sir James SaUmarez, K.B. Admiral of the fleet, * I . of the White, - 22 of the Blue, - ?2 Vice Admirals of the Red, - 13 . . -of the White, - 13 -of the Blue, - 12 Rear Admirals of the Red, - 18 . of the White. - 20 — of the Blue, - 18 , Total Admirals 139 Poft Captains -" 534 ' Matters and Commanders 407 Lieutenants - 2348 Total Officers in the Royal Navy 3428 ' A daring and fingular Anecdote is related of the Pilot, belonging to the lmmortalite Frigate, one of thofe appointed. to watch Breft, , This man, either a Frenchman, or fpeaking French ex tremely well, expreffed a great defire to Captain Hotharri, that he would permit him to go on fhore and get informa tion ofthe Slate and fituation of the enemy's fleet. After frequent, folicitatiohs Captain Hoiham confented, and he' was put on fhore in the night, with a promife that a boat Should he Sent to bring him off, at a proper time. The boat was accordingly Sent. five fucceffive nights to the places appointed, but no pilot was there. At the expiration of eight NAVAL CHRONOLOGY; 53gL eighfdays, he -came alongfide in a Fren.ch'boat ror/rt by A.D, two foen : and gave the following account of .himfelf. ,t8oi That fearing left he, fhould be apprehended as a Spy, he gave up the idea of attempting to get off as agreed upon, and came to the refolution of hiring a boat togo into Ca- rfleret*Bay ; upon- getting pretty near to it, he told the men he did not mean that bay, he meant Berthaume Bay ; which was about half way to' the fliip ; when he bad ap proached near this bay, he faid he waited to go to point St. Mathews, (which was not more than two gun , Shots ¦ from the frigate) upon this the men flew in a paflion, telling him they would take him back to Breft. When the pilot inftantly took a brace of piftols from his" pocket ; '' :and pointing one at each of them, exclaimed — " I am an '"Englifhman, and if yoti do not put me Oh board my fhip, withput delay, I will blow your brains out." With which the Frenchmen judged it beft to comply. This refofote fellow had abfolutely been on board fome of the. fhips of War, and gave an exact account of their con^ dition and "force. This year the old and iniquitous cuftom of allowing the * Shipwrights irl the dock yards to, cut and take chips away, "' was abolifhed, and they are allowed in lieU fix-pence per day. EXPEDITION TO THE BALTIC. On the 12th of March, the fquadron deftined for the Baltic; failed from Yarmouth Roads under the command of Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, it corififted of Seventeen fail of the line, feveral frigates, gun brigs, and other fmall armed veffels. Whilft iri the Downs, a great number of flat-bottomed • boats, and feveral pieces of heavy artillery were taken on board ; and at Yarmouth the 49th regiment, commanded by Colonel Brock, a detachment of artillery, apd two com panies of the rifle corps, the Whole to be commanded by Colonel SteWart, were embarked for the fervice of the expedition.* Oh. Sir Hyde Parker's arrival in the Cattegat, fie dif patched the following letter to the governor of Cronberg Caftle. ." * Appendix, Chap. II. No, 4 15. With the fhips that joined after- 1 wards. • - London, 540 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. i8ot '" London, in the Cattegat, March 2~jlh, 1801. " From the hoftile intentions of the court of Den mark, fending away his Britannic Majefty's Charge d'Af- faires, the commander in chief of his Majefty's fleet, is anxious to know what the determination of the Danifh court is, and whether the commanding officer of Cronberg Caflle has received orders to fire upon (he the Britifh fleet as they pafs into the Sound, as he- muft deem the firingof the firft gun a. declaration of war on the part of Denmark. (Signed) " Hyde Parker." Ihe Governor's Anfwer. " Cronberg Cdfile, 28th March, 1801. «' In anfwer to your excellency's letter, which I did not receive till the following day, at half paft eight, I have the honour to inform you,, that his Majefty the King of Denmark did not fend away fhe Charge d'Affairs, but that upon his own demand he .obtained a paffport. As a* foldier I cannot meddle with politics, but I am not at liberty to Suffer the fleet, whofe intentions are not yef known, to approach the guns of the cattle which I have the honour to command. In cafe your excellency fhould think proper to make any propofals to his Majefty the King of Denmark, I wifh to be informed thereof, before the , fleet approaches nearer to the cattle. An explicit anfwer is defired. (Signed) Stricker,"- Reply of Sir Hyde Parker. " On board the, London, 2gth March, 1801, one A. M. " Ih anfwer to your excellency's note juft now received, the underfigned has only to reply, that finding the intentions of the court of Denmark to be hoftile againft his Britannic Majefty, he regards the anfwer as a' declara tion of war, and therefore, agreeable to his inflections, can iiQ NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 541 no longer refrain from hostilities, however reluctant it may A.D. be to his feelings; but at the fame time will be ready to 1801 attend to any propofals of the court of Denmark for re storing the former amity and friendship which had for fo many years' fublifted between the two courts. (Signed) " Hyde Parker." " His Excellency the Governor of Cronberg Cattle." Violent gales of wind had previoufly prevented the fleet from entering the Sound, for although it blew from a fa vourable quarter, its violence and the heavy fea/made it im poffible for the Ships to weigh their anchors. On the 30th, it was more moderate, and the wind blowing from the northward, the fleet weighed and paffed into the Sound ; the forts on the Danifh Shore keeping up an inceffant fire on them without effect : thoSe on the Swe'difh remained filent, although foe fhips paffed within one rnite of their batteries. So foon as the whole line had paffed the ene my's batteries, it anchored within five or fix miles of the ifland of Huin. Sir Hyde Parker, with Lord Nelfon and .Rear Admiral Graves embarked on board a lugger to re connoitre the enemy's formidable line of defence, confid ing of fhips, radeaus, pontoons, galleys, fire fhips, and gun boats, flanked and fupported by extenfive batteries on the iflands called the Crowns ; the largeft of which was mounted with from 50 to 70 pieces of cannon ; thefe were again commanded by two fhips of 70 guns, and a large frigate in the inner road of Copenhagen, and two 64 gun Ships (without malts) were moored on the flat on the Star? board fide of the entrance into the Arfenal. The next day their pofition was again more minutely examined, when it was refolved to make the attack from the fouthward. This defoerate fervice was volunteered by Vice Admiral Lord Nelfon, with that enthufialtic zeal and . ardour which has ever manifefted itfelf in the character of that intrepid officer. For the execution of this fervice, fome days before the fleet entered the Sound, he had fhifted his flag into the Ele phant. The vice admiral having by the afliftance'of Captains Riou and Brifoane, with the matters of the Amazon and Cruizer floop,' examined and buoyed the channel of the Outer' 542 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A-D. Outer Deep, and the pofition of the Middle Ground, pro- 1801 Ceeded with the fquadron, and anchored in fafety on the evening ofthe ift of April, off Draco Point;* from whence his lordfhip iffued the following orders for the attack. In performing this gallant exploit, only Mr, Thomas Taylor, midfoipman of the Kangaroo, was killed; Lieute^,. nants Foulerton and Thompfon, with eight men, wounded, The Speedy, although fhe had an equal fhare in the at tack, had not a man hurt. The preceding day Lord Cochrane landed, and blew up. the tower of Alymanara, mounted with 2 brafs 4 pounders.. At a court-martial affembledon board his, Majefty's Ship off Alexandria, on Tuefday the 17th day of June, 1801 — . prefent, Sir R. Bickerton, Bart, rear admiral of the white, and fenior officer in the command of his Majefty's Ships and veffels before Alexandria, prefident. Capt. Hon. A. Cochrane, Capt. G. Louis; George Martin -, Sir W. S. Smith, John Elphinftone ¦ William Hope, '¦ Hon. H. Blackwood, •¦ — "- John Clarke Searle, — — — Robert Campbell, ' John Larmour. The Court, purfuant to an order from the Right Hoq. Lord Keith, K. B. Admiral of the Blue, and commander in chief of his Majefty's fhips and veffels in the Mediterrar nean, dated the- 7th day of June, 1801, and addreffed to Sir Richard Bickerton, Bart. Rear Admiral ofthe White, &c. proceeded to enquire into the circumftances ofthe mu tiny on board his Majefty's late ketch the Albanaife, on the night of the 23d of November, 1800, when the' was carried into the port of Malaga, and to try Captain New- combe and his officers for their conduct on that occafion : and the Court having heard the evidence of the officers called : on, (except that of Lieutenant William Proffer Kent, late pf the Albanaife,) and having maturely and deliberately weighed,' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 56Q weighed and confidered the whole,_ are of opinion, that'the A.D. capture ofhis Majefty's late ketch the Albanaife, was oc- I^ot cafioned by a mutiny of the major part of the crew of tfie faid veffel (many of whom wer« foreigners) who rofe upon the officers on the evening of the 23d of November laft, and having obtained poffeffion ofthe veffel, carried her into a Spanifh port: that the condudt of Captain Newcombe on firft discovering the intention of the mutineers, was highly Spirited and officer like, having refilled until wounded and overpowered; that Mr. Lewyn, the gunner, was active in obeying his captain's orders,' until he was badly wounded ; that the other officers being furprifed and prevented from coming upon deck, were incapable of refiftance ; the Pourt doth therefore honourably acquit Captain Newcombe of all blame on account of the lofs of the faid floop ; doth highly approve of the conduct of Mr. Lewyn, the gunner ; and doth acquit the other officers, and they are hereby fo fentenced accordingly : and the Court having reafon to be lieve that Mr. John Tyrroll, matter's mate of the Alba naife, although abfent in a prize at the time ofthe mutiny, wasprivy to the intention, and did not reveal it; and that Alexander M'Kieven and Thomas Parfons were feen armed, ' doth - recommend a future enquiry into their conduct : and Lieutenant William Proffer K«it having, m-the courSe of the trial, refuted to give his evidence upon oath, from miflaken religious motives, the court is of opinion that he is unfit to hold a commiffion in his Majefty's fervice.* > " (Signed) J. D. Boyes. " Officiating Judge Advocate." On the 19th of June, Capta|n Benjamin Hallowell, in his Majefty^s (hip Swiftfure, of 74 guns, receive'd intelli gence from Lieutenant Sheppard, of the Pigmy cutter, that four French fhips of the line and a frigate had an chored on the coaft near Duraffo, with an intention to throw a reinforcement into Alexandria ; and that on the appearance of fome fhips in the Offing, they had cut their cables and put to fea-on the 7th. * * In September, Jackfon, one of the principal mutineers, and who was appointed to command the Albanaife, was apprehended in Lon don, fent to Sheernefs, tried by a court-martial, condemned to death, and executed, r Captain 570 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Captain Hallowell, had under his convoy, at this time, 18oi three cartels with French prifoners on board, three light tranfports, and a fhip with army invalids, which he had been directed by Lord Keith to efcort to Malta; but confi- dering, from the information he had received, that it would be of much more importance for him to join the fquadron linder Sir John Warren; efpecially as his orders from Lord Keith refpecting his convoy, were difcretional ; he there fore directed them to proceed to their place of destination, , and made feil himfelf to reinforce the admiral at Malta. At half paft three in the morning ofthe 24th, three large Ships were Seen to leeward; as the day broke, five were discovered clofe together, and that they confifled of four . fail of the. line and a large frigate. Captain Hallowell, convinced that this was the enemy's Squadron of which he had had information, made fail from them. The enemy inftantly chafed, and from their great foperiority of failing, two of the line of battle Ships and a frigate were nearly within gun fhot by two in the afternoon. Captain Hallb- , well observing that the fhips a-ftern were cQming faft up, determined to bear down and engage the two fhips and fri gate to leeward, hoping to difable one of them befpre the whole fquadron could be brought into action, and thereby11 effect his eScape by getting to leeward of them. Forth)?', purpofe, at three o'clock he bore up with all fail Set, Steering to pafs a-ftern of the fternmoft fhip, when the ene. my tacked and flood towards the Swiftfure. At half paft three, the Indivifible, of 80 guns, (bearing the flag of, Rear Admiral Gantheaume) and the Dix Aout, of 74, being, in clofe order, and within half gun Shot, opened their Sire, which was inftantly returned, and a Spirited action enfued. The fuperior rate of failing of the enemy precluded all poffible hopes of Captain Halloweli's making his efcape, as by it they completely baffled every effort he could make to get to leeward for that purpofe. The action was maintained with great bravery till 37 minutes pad four, when the Jean Bart, and Constitution, °f74 guns> being within gun fhot on the Swiftfure'sftar- p board quarter, and clofing very'faft, the Indivifible almoft on board other on the larboard bow, and- the Dix Aout 95 near on the larboard quarter, the fhip almoft a complete wreck, without the moft diftant profpect of either efcaping, or NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 571 or receiving fuccour, Captain Hallowell finding any fur- A. D ther refiftance would only be facrificing the lives of his 1801 brave men, came to the painful refolution of ordering' the King's colours to be ftruck. In this unequal contefl," the Swiftfure had only two men killed; Lieutenant Davis, and feven wounded. She was at the commencement ofthe action, 86 men fhort of com plement, and 59 unfit for duty. , Captain Hallowell, in his public letter, fpeaks of the handfome manner in which himfelf and officers were treated by Admiral Gantheaume, and the officers of his fquadron. The lofs fuflained by the enemy will be feen by their own account, as here ftated. French Account ofthe Capture ofthe Swiftsure. Paris, July 23. «' On the 5th Me'Sfidor, (June 24th) Admiral Gan theaume being in the paffage between Candia and Egypt, difcovered at break of day a fhip of war, and made fignal for a general chace. The failing of the fleet was much fuperior to that of this veffel. At five o'clock in the even.; ing, She was defcried to be an Englifo Ship of 74 guns. Defpairing of making her efcape, She attempted to go be fore the wind, and chofe the moment when, by the difpo fitions made Sor ,the chace, the Ships ofthe French fquadron were much feparated from each other. Setting all her fails, She. ran before the wind, attempting to make her efcape by maintaining a running fight athwart the French fqua dron; but the Indivifible and Le Dix Aout got a-head of her, and began the engagement at the diftance of 600 toifes, then within mufket fhot ; aqd after an action, maintained with great fpirit for an hour, the Englifo fhip was obliged to furrender. She proves to be the Swiftfurq, one of the fineft veffels in Lord Keith's fquadron. The Indivifible and the Dix Aout have experienced very incon siderable damage ; the Indivifible has loft only four men in killed and wounded ; the Dix Aout has fix men killed and twenty-rthree wounded. Admiral Gantheaume drew de tachments of failors from different fhips in his fquadron, of" whom he formed, a crew for the Swiftfure, which he has - fucceeded in putting in a fituation fit for fea." On 572 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. On the 23d 'of June, the boats of the Mercury and El "8°i ,C6rfo, under the command of Lieutenant Mather, board ed, and in a moft^gallant manner Drought off, a piratecalled the Tigre,. of eight guns and 60 men, which had taken Shelter among the rocks in the' Tumite. iflands, in the Adriatic, and had committed grtat depredations on the trade in thefe feas. The crew got on fhore and potted them- felves, armed with a four pounder and mufketry, on a commanding hill, from whence they were foon diflodged . by Lieutenant Wtlfon, and ' his party of marines, who made feveral prifoners, and maintained his pofition', whilft the feamen hove the veffel off the rocks. This fervice was performed without the lofs of a man. The fquadron* under the command of Rear Admiral Sir James Saumarez, continued to cruize off Cadiz- until the 5th of July, on which day the admiral having receive!, intelligence that three French line of battle fhips and a fri gate had been feen from Gibraltar, and had anchored off Algeziras, inftantly made fail and fleered for the Straits,- It being the admiral's intention, if practicable, to attack the enemy's fhips at anchor, he, , for this purpofe, HTued the following memorandum : i " Cafar, $th July, 1801, . MEMORANDUM-., '.' If the Rear Admiral finds the enemy's fhips in a fitua- tion to. be attacked, the following is to be the order in which it is to be executed. V hi / ^° 'eac* 'nt0 f^e ^3Y' an(* P3^ l^e enemy's ' 1 fhips without coming to anchor. Pompee to anchor a-breaft of the inner fhip. Audacious c ™„ .. I To anchor a-breaff of the' enemy's fhips and ooencer > . , J * Hannibal J batterles- " The boats of the different fhips to be lowered down and armed, in readinefs to act where required. "(Signed) James Saumarez." , On the morning of the 6th the fquadron opened Caba- reta Point, and difcovered the enemy's fhips, which ap- * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 440. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 573 peared to be warping clofe under the batteries. At half A.D. paft eighty the French fhips opened their fire on the Vene^ '8pi ,rable, which was led in, in a moft gallant manner by Cap tain- Hood; but the wind failing, obliged him to anchor. The Pompee foon after brought up in her allotted ftation, and commenced a. moft tremendous fire on the French Ad miral, in which foe was foon fupported by the Csefar and Audacious. The action now became general, and a moft furious cannonade was kept up both from the fhips and the batteries. - The Spencer.and Hannibal unfortunately being becalmed, .anchored on the outfide of the fhips engaged; but a breeze Springing up, the Hannibal got under fail, and Captain Ferris had formed the refolution of paffing between the : enemy's Ships and the batteries ; but unfortunately, before i he could fucceed in this bold defign, the fhip took the * ground clofe under one of the batteries ; every poffible effort was made to cover and get the Hannibal off; but fhe ,,, ftrilck with fuch force that it was found impracticable. fc Captain Ferris made a moft gallant and brave refiftance againft the inceffant fire of, not only the enemies batteries, but fhips and gun boats : at length finding it impoffible to . Save the king's fhip, and for the prefervation of the lives of the remainder of, his biave crew, he was reduced to the ne ceffity of ordering the colours to be ftruck. - The enemy's fhips during the action continued to warp near the fhore, by which they had considerably en- creafed the diftance. Sir James Saumarez refolved to ufe j every effort in his power, either to deftroy or bring them off, ordered the cables to be cut, with a view to ftand, clofe in, but the uncertainty of the wind and a Strong current made all his endeavours ineffectual. After a moft Severe conflict of five hours he was com pelled to draw his fhips off and proceeded into Gibraltar Bay. ' The lofs fuflained was extremely heavy, 121 being ; killed, 240 wounded, and 14 miffing.* That on the part of the enemy by their own account, was 306 killed, 184 wounded ; the accuracy of this Statement admits a doubt, as the well directed and inceffant fire from the Britifh fquadron muft have made great flaughter both * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 420. in \ 574 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. in their batteries and on board the fhips ; five Spanifh gun 1801 boats were funk in the action, and two damaged. See Spanifh account of the action. - The French had fo bad an opinion of the Spaniards Stand ing to the batteries, that General Deveaux was landed with a ftrong'detachment of troops to man the guns. The Honourable Captain Dundas, pf the Polacre, Calpe; with two gun veffels, and fome boats from the tranfports,, came out from Gibraltar to the affiftance of of the fquadron, , and by his fpirited conduct was of much fervice. The fhips having arrived at their anchorage, Sir James Saumarez iffued the following memorandum to the fqua dron, Viz. MEMORANDUM. " Cafar, Rofia Bay, Gibraltar, - 6th July, 1801. " Rear Admiral Sir James Saumarez defires to exprefs iu the ftrongeft terms, the high fenfe he entertains of the gallantry and valiant conduct of all the captains, officers, and men belonging to the fquadron under his orders, in the attack made this day on the enemy's fhips and -batte ries. " And although the refult has not proved fo fuccefsful as expectations had formed, he trufts the glory they have acquired on this occafion will ever be acknowledged by their country. (Signed) " James Saumarez." " To the refpedtive Captains." On the morning ofthe 7th, Captain Brenton was fent with a flag of truce to Algeziras Bay, to endeavour to effect an exchange of Captain Ferris, the officers and meti, who had unfortunately fallen into the hands of the enemy. After fome little correspondence between Mr. Linois, the French Admiral, and Sir James Saumarez, this deSifable end was So far attained, as to permit Captain Ferris, with all his officers and wounded men, to be fent away oft their parole; by the- fame opportunity Captain Lord Cochrane, and fhe officers of his Majefty's brig Speedy, that had been taken by the French fquadron, were liberated. ', The NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 575 The following are the accounts given by the French and A.D., Spaniards of the above action. J8oi French account, from the Official Paper the Moniteur, ¦ Paris, July, 1 1 . " Rear Admiral Linois, with three fhips of the line, namely, the Formidable, Captain Loinat, and Ungovern able, Captain Calonde, of 80 guns each ; the Defaix of 74 guns, Captain Paifiera ; and the Meffiton frigate of 18 iguns, Captain Martining; after having given chace to fome Englifo veffels, which had been cruizing off the coaft of Provence, appeared before Gibraltar at the very moment when an Englifh fquadron of fix fhips of war arrived there. On the 4th of July, Rear Admiral Linois anchored in the Bay of Algeziras, where he. expected to be attacked on the following morning. In the courfe of the night he landed the general of brigade Deveaux, with a detachment of troops, to man the batteries in the road. On the 5 th, at eight o'clock in the morning, the cannonade commenced , againft the fix Englifh fhips, which loft no time in coming within mufquet foot of the French veffels. The action then became very warm. The two fquadrons feemed equally animated with a determination to conquer. If the French fquadron had any advantage in point of fituation, the Englifo had double their force, and feveral of their veffels' carried go guns each. Already had the Englifh fhip the Hannibal of 74 guns, contrived to place herfelf between the French fquadron and the thofe. It was now 1 eleven o'clock A. M. and this provedthe decifive moment. For two hours, the Formidable, the French admiral's fhip, Successfully oppofed three Englifh fhips. One of the Bri tifh fquadron, which was Singly engaged with a French veffel, ftruck' her colours at three quarters pad eleven. Immediately after, the Hannibal expofed to the fire of three French fhips, which fired from two decks, 'alfo ftruck her colours. About half paft twelve, the Englifh fqua dron cut their cables, and failed away. The Hannibal was boarded by, the Formidable: of ^600 men who com- pofed her crew, 300 were killed.. The firft Englifh Ship , that ftruck her colours, was retaken by a great number of gun boats and other veffels fent out from Gibraltar. '-« This 576 • NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. " This action covers the French arms with glory, and 1801 Shews what they are capable of accomplishing. Rear Ad- • miral Linois proceeded to Cadiz with the Hannibal, in order to repair her damages. We wait with impatience the return of the lofs fuflained by each fhip. July 19th. " The news of the naval victory was announced yefterday evening at the different theatres, by the following bulletin from the minifter of the interior, which was read to the audience. " Three French fhips of the line and a frigate under the . command of Rear Admiral Linois, were attacked on the 4th inftant by fix Englifh fail of the line and a frigate. The Englifo were completely beaten, and took refuge in Gib raltar, leaving in the poffeffion of the French, the Hanni bal of 74 guns ; another fhip of the line harTftruck, but v was towed off by a great number of gun veffels, which had ^ failed from Gibraltar to her relief. July 23d. " The fquadron of Rear Admiral Sir James Saumarez, which has been defeated by Rear Admiral Linois, was compofed of the Caefar of 84 guns, the Spencer of 84, the Pompee 84, L'Audacieux of 74. The Hannibal has ; been taken ; La Pompee had ftruck, and is rendered unfit for fervice ; the Venerable has feveral large leaks. All the veffels have loft a part of their mafts. " Independent of the Hannibal, which was taken in the battle of Algeziras, two other Englifh fhips are ren dered unfit for fervice ; they reached Gibraltar, not without the greateft difficulty, having received fo much damage that they were no longer confidered to be fea-worthy, and were accordingly declared to be ufelefs ; La Pompee is one pf thefe; two fhips; it was this veffel, whkh, in the middle of the action, had ftruck her flag. The three other veffels have fuffered considerably, and were much aided in reach ing Gibraltar, by the fupport of a great number of gun boats. " The French Captain, Moncoufa, has been killed; he was one of the beft officers in the French navy. " On- the 19th Meffidor (July 8,) the French Ships were repaired NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 577 repaired. The Hannibal was manned with drafts from A-D- the other veffels. , lSo1 " On the 2Qth (9th), Admiral Moreno, with five Spa nifh fhips, and Rear Admiral Demanoir, with feveral. French fhips, arrived before Algeziras, to join tbe fqua- . dron of Rear Admiral' Linois, to tow away the Hannibal, and to proceed to Cadiz. " Rear Admiral Lin°is> in 'be courfe of his cruize, took a great many Englifh merchant veffels and two brigs belonging to his Britannic Majefty. " Admiral Mazzaredo, commander at Cadiz, difplayed much zeal and activity in difpatching Admiral Moreno, and in fending the French fquadron at Algeziras every thing of which it flood in need." Spanifi account of the Attack off Algeziras. " The divifion of three French.line of battle fhips and one frigate, under the command of Rear Admiral Citizen Linois, that failed from the road of Toulon, the 25th of laft June, deftined for Cadiz, came in fight of this ftation and bay the ift of July, and the Levant wind having failed them on entering the Straits, they cruized between the coaft of Africa and that of Europe, in which cruize they captured the Englifo brig of war the Speedy, of 16 guns, that was a Mahon packet, and was conducting to Gibraltar as a prize, the merchant brig the Union, loaded with oil1 and provifions. The continuation of the wefterly winds obliged the faid divifion to come into this port oh the 4th inftant, at feven in the evening. From that moment, re collecting the defperate attacks of the Englifh at Alexandria and Copenhagen, we could not but expect that their fqua dron, which had beeh feen off Cadiz on the 3d inftant, under the command of Rear Admiral Saumarez, would come and attack this divifion. " So it happened. — As foon as the Englifh received intel ligence where the French had anchored, they Steered di rectly for the Straits, and on the 6th inftant, at half paft fix in the morning, fix Englifh fhips doubled the Point of Car- nero, and coming round the ifland of Algeziras, advanced in a line within half cannon fhot of the 'French Ships. The batteries of St. Garcia and the ifland, opened their fire upon the Englifh, and afterwards the frigate and republican Vol. III. Pp foip. 578 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. Ships. As foon as the Englifh line came oppofite to thtf 1801 french fhips at anchor, they opened upon them an ani mated, bold, and unremitting fire. The Englifh Admiral having placed himfelf againft the French, and the Britifh Ship the Hannibal being under fall, cannonaded furioufly the French Admiral, who "with fuperior fpirit and fuccefs refifted them ; infomuch that having carried away the ad. miral's mizen maft, and fails ofthe main and fore mafls, with fo fmall damage 'in his hull, the commander of the Englifh fhip Hannibal defpifing the fire from the battery St. Jago pufhed on to his Succour, and intending to place the French admiral between two fires, by run ning between him and the Shore, had the imprudence, being unacquainted with his pofition, to place himfelf within a qua'rter of gun fhot of the battery, and run aground. . " He relieved his admiral, who after this went out of the action ; but he loft his own fhip and crew, as the fire from the battery and French admiral difabled him, and killed three parts of his fhip's company. " Until the inftant of this fhip's furrender, which might be about an hour after the retreat of the Englifh admiral, the fire was conftant upon the two French fhips and the Srigate, as well as the feven Spafrifh gun boats, the batteries of the ifland St. Garcia, St. Jago, La Almiranta and El Mirador, which as opportunity offered returned their fire. The battle lafted from half paft eight o'clock in the morning, when the fort of St. Garcia opened its fire till two in the afternoon, when the laft Shot was fired from the French Ship the Indomptable. " The perSevering, active, and tremendous fire of the enemy, and that of the two nations (the French and Spa nifh) were only diftinguifhable by the prudence, fkill, and greatnefs of foul, with which the allied chiefs directed theirs, and the audacity, temerity, and confufion which were fhewn in that of the Englifo. The idea of this kind of fighting which we form from the account of the battles at Alexandria and Copenhagen, does not, in proportion to the numbers engaged, bear any comparifon with that of Algeziras, either in point of bloddinefs or obftinacy. The Englifo, aSter having left the glory and the field of battle to the two nations, covered with fhame, and taught by dear bought experience, have only given an unequivocal proof of jwaval chronologV. 679 ©F their inveterate and impolitic hatred to France and Spain, A.D. fince, not being able to obtain any advantage over the j8oi French and Spanifh forces, they directed their fire againft an inoffenfive town, which received no fmall damage in its buildings. This is the only glory which the arms of Great Britain have to boaft ofk ' N. B. The Pompee was towed out of the action by eight boats, who came to her fuccour from the garrifon ; She was kept a-float by cafks, as otherwife fhe could not have been brought in. DETAILED INTELLIGENCE. Ships of the French Republic which fuflained the Attack. i Formidable 84 Citizen Linois Deffaix 74 , Monconfa \ ¦•,, , L'lndomptable 84 La Londe/ KUlet1, Frigate La Mairon 36 Martinenq. Five Spanifh gun boats funk, and two damaged. Killed in the French fhips - 306 Wounded in ditto, from 270 to , 280 Admiral Moreno's orders to his Fleet, on the nth of July, 1861. " Orders of failing to be obferved by the Ships in my charge, on their paffage through the Straits of Gibraltar. " The three French fhips under the command of Rear Admiral Linois, will form the vanguard with tfie line abreaft. The fix fhips under my charge will follow a-ftern of theSe, likewife formed in line a-breaft, endeavouring as much as poffible to keep oppofite to the intervals of the' French fhips, fo as not to impede their fire, according to the following difpofition. Indomptable. Formidable. Dejfate. O O O O - O O O O 0 Augufiin. Argonaut*. RJ. Carlos. Mme/iegildo. St. Antonio. St. Fernando. " In cafe the enemy fhould attempt to follow and attack the combined fquadron in the rear, befides the continual Pp % _ fire 580 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. fire which we ought to make from the ftern chacers, chiefly 1801 with a view to deftroy the enemy's rigging ; the fquadron will form the line a-head, either with their heads to the Spanifh coaft, or to that of Africa, as will be determined by a fignal from the admiral. And in order that this may be the more Simple, in that cafe he will only Shew the fignal for the courfe, at the entire lowering of which the movements muft uniformly be made. As the operation from their local fituation, cannot naturally be of long du ration, confequently, either by hailing (if near enough) or by a fignal to preferve the courfe, the fquadron will pro ceed to form again the line a-breaft as formerly. " It is of the utmoft importance that the fire from none of the fhips fhould interfere, or be embarraffed with that of , •, others in this Squadron, nor to leave the three French fhips in the rear. " As foon as the French fhip gets under fail, all thofe in my charge, will do the fame, following the attack of each other, always obferving to keep at a Short diftance from the French till we weather the point of Carnero, in order that if the enemy fhould get' under fail, and find themfelves in a fituation of offering battle to our Tquadron before it is formed in the Straits with the line a-breaft, as above direc ted, we may engage them with advantage. Confequently, the leaft inattention or delay may produce the moft unfortunate confequences. I think the captains of the fhips which I have the honour of commanding are fully perfuaded of this1 truth, and therefore I depend upon its efficacy; and I flatter myfelf, that they are convinced every thing will be performed on my part, which can be infpired by my wifh, to add to 1 the glory of his Majefty's arms, that' of our corps in parti cular, and of the nation in general. Line of Battle in the natural order. fSt. Ferdinand. 2d Squadron. < St. Antonio. l^Hermenegild. f" Formidable — a French frigate. ift Squadron. < Royal Charles— frigate, the Sabina. ^Indomptable— -cutter, Vautour. 3d Squa* NAVAL' CHRONOLOGY. 581 fArgonauta, A.D 3d fquadron < Deffaix, :8or (.St. Auguflin, A very effential caution. A red pendant under any other fignal, Signifies that the fignal above is directed only to the French Ships under the command of M. de Linois. " On board the Real Carlos, in the Bay of Algefiras, July 11, .1801. " Juan Joaquin Moreno." Another Spanifli Account of the Attach at Algefiras, from the Madrid Gazette Extraordinary. " Merida, July roth. " The general commandant of the camp at St. Roque, ', in a difpatch of the 6th inftant, tranfmitted by a courier extraordinary, communicates intelligence of an actic^i which has been fought between fix fail of the line, and other vef fels of war belonging to the Englifh, and' the French fqua dron of three fhips ofthe line and one frigate, lying at an chor in the harbour of Algefiras, and of the glorious refult which has taken place for his Majefty's arms, and thofe of the Republic, his ally, About eight in the morning of that day (viz. the 6th) there were feen coming out of Gibraltar one fhip of 84 guns, five of 74, a lugger of 16, and ano ther of 10, a polacre of 10, two armed gun launches, and 14 boajs. This force, under the command of a rear-ad miral, flood in towards Algefiras for the purpofe of attack ing the Frencb fquadron, then anchored in that port, and which, as has been already ftated, confided of three fail of the line and one frigate. The commanders of this fquaT dron being aware of. the enemy's intention, made their dif pofitions for defence, placing themfelves as well as they were able, Under the cover of pur batteries, and waiting in this pofition for his approach. The action commenced at nine; it was very obftinate and bloody upon both fides, and likewife on the part of our batteries, which decided the fate ofthe day. The action was continued till two in the after noon, at which hour the Englifh drew off, with the lots of one Sfiip of the line, taking in row another which was dif- rnafled and damaged in the hull, and having fuflained very PP3 gr^ 58% NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. great lofs and damage in the reft of their veffels. Their 2^01 lofs in men muft have been confiderable, as if is Certain there was a great number killed and wounded on board of all the fhips. The French alfo. have been equal Sufferers; the killed and wounded of their fquadron being estimated at Soo : that of our troops has been lefs 3 out of the whole, only the Royal regiment of Ronda has loft 1 1 men. The- fire of our batteries was fo hot and well fupported, that the enemy fuffered moft from them ; and particularly it is to that of St. JagO we owe the capture of the Englifh fhip, for her' bold manoeuvre of attempting, to pafs between the. French rear admiral's fhip the Formidable, and the fhore, made her take ground, and notwithstanding the uhnoft exertion to put her afloat, it being found impoflible to! move her, the fire from the battery very foon difmafted her, and com, pelled her to ftrike. The French veffels and our batteries have likewife received a good deal of damage ; but they are already in a courfe of repair, and the moft active difpofi tions are making in order to caufe the enemy to repent, .Should he have any intention of renewing the action with troops fo animated and well conducted, as purs and the French have proved thernfelves in the engagement of the 6th," The greateft exertions were made to get the fquadron in readinefs for fea ; the Caefar and Pompee, whofe lower mafts were much difabled, Were warped into the Mole. The admiral having left the Stiperb and Thames off Cadiz to watch the motions ofthe Spanifh fleet, were obferved on' the afternoon ofthe 8th, to be Standing into Gibraltar Bay, wkh the fignal flying of an enemy being in fight ; and Shortly after a Spanifh fquadron, confining of five fail of the line and three frigates, made their appearance, flood in and anchored off Algefiras; on the next day they were joined by a French fhip of the line, carrying a broad pen dant,* The Caefar not being in a ftate to haul out of the Mole, Sir James Saumarez fhifted his flag to the Audacious. The- exertions of the officers and men were now redoubled in, getting the fhips ready-to meet the enemy whenever they might put to- fea. Sjuch was the indefatigable zeal and ar- * Aypendix, Chap. II. No. 4*1. dour. / ttAVAL- CHRONOLOGY. 58S Jour displayed by thefe brave fellows on the occafion, that A.D. they worked the whole night, efpecially on board the 1^01 Casfar. On the I2th, the admiral received a meffage from Governor O'Hara, fo fay, he had heard it was the enemy's intention to put to fea that evening. Upon which he in ftantly iffued the following; memorandum fo his fquadroi>, and fhifted his flag to fhe Csefar. "jpafar, Gibraltar Mole, July t2th, 1801. " MEMORANDUM. " Rear Admiral Sir James Saumarez has received infor mation that the enemy's fhips intend putting to fea this even ing, or the firft favourable opportunity afterwards; he there fore hopes every fhip will ufe all poffible difpatch in get ting ready forferviqe, and be prepared to engage the enemy, Should they attempt to fail. «' (Signed) James Saumarez." At noon on the fame day the enemy's fquadron was obferved tobe under fail with a Strong eafferly wind. Not a moment was now loft in' getting the Csefar out of fhe Mole, and the reft of the fhips ready, to purfue the ene my ; this, by the alacrity of the officers and men, was , accomplished, and the whole under weigh before four o'clock in the afternoon, excepting the Pompee, which had not time to take in her mafts ; fome of whofe men, finding their own Ship would not be ready to partake in the battle, concealed themfelves on board the other 'Ships ; even many of thofe who had been wounded in the late en-. gagement, and were atthe hofpital, hired a boat, went off, and' requefted to be taken on board the Csefat. ,It was late in the evening before the enemy's fhips could ' clear Cabareta Point. At eight the rear admiral bore up and flood after them, directing Captain Keats, who, in the Superb, was ftationed a-head ofthe Caefar, to make fail and attack the fternmoft fhips in the enemy's rear, ufing his endeavours to, keep between them and the Shore. Captain Keats performed this fervice in the handfomeft manner; at eleven o'clock he got within three cables length - a-breaft of a Spanifh'three-decker, and opened a tremendous fire upon her, which had fo good an effect, that the fhot paffing over her, and Striking two others which were in a line a-breaft with her; they commenced firing on each P p 4 "\ pther ; 584 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. ^°- other ; in a quarter of an hour Captain Keats perceived the 1 0I Ship he was engaging to be on fire, upon which he quitted her, and proceeded on to the next a-head. The CaeSar at this time coming up, and preparing to engage, obServed one of the enemy's fhips to be in flames ; and Shortly after She ran on board of another fhip to leeward, to which the fire communicated, and they were Sooh both in a blaze^ exhibiting a moft aweful and melancholy fpectacle. The wind at this time blowing extremely hard, and the Situation of' the two fquadrons, precluded all poffibility of rendering thefe miferable people the. leaft affiftance. In about half an hour after the Caefar paffed them ; thefe two fhips, of 112 guns eaclv blew up, by which_2500 fouls were launched into eternity. The Superb had brought to action another of the enemy's fhips, which, after a fhort but fmart contefl, on the Caefar's coming up, ftruck, and proved to be the St. Antoine, of .74 guns, and 730 men, commanded by tbe chef de divi sion Le Roy ; foe was a Spanifh fhip lately ceded to the French, under the colours of which nation fhe fought with, abroad pendant: The admiral continued the purfuit all night 5 at daylight the Venerable was obferved at no great diftance from the French Formidable, which fhip was flanding towards the, fhoals of Comil. Captain Hood immediately gave chace, and foon brought her to action, which was maintained with great fpirit and bravery ; he had nearly Silenced the enerpy» when the Venerable's main maft was fhot away, and foon after foe ftruck upon one of the fhoals, and was obliged to cut away the remaining mafts to fave the fhip. During the action, the Csefar, Spencer, and Thames were becalmed ; the Frenchman fortunately got a light breeze, and effected his efcape into Cadiz, The lofs fuflained amounted on board the Venerable to l8 killed; amongft the number, Mr. John Williams,' the mafter; and 87 wounded ; in thefe, were Lieutenant Tho, mas Church; Mr. John Snell, the boatfwain; Meffrs, Maffey and Pardoe, midfhipmen. On board the Superb, Lieutenant E. Waller; and 14 feamen and marines wounded. As the enemy foewed no difpofition to renew the contefl; and Sir James Saumarez having only three effective fhips to oppofe to eight, he difcontinued the purfuit, and re7, paired. NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 585 paired to Gihraltar with the difabled fhips and prize, leav- A. D. ing the Spencer, Audacious, and Thames, to cruize for the 1°01 protection of the trade, and to watch the enemy's motions who had entered Cadiz. On the arrival of the fquadron at Gibraltar, the admiral iffued the following memorandum to the fleet. " MEMORANDUM. «< Cafar, Rofia Bay, July 15, 1801. " Rear Admiral Sir James Saumarez has the happinefs to offer his moft heartfelt congratulations to the captains, officers, and men of the fhips he has the honour to com mand, on the Signal Succefs, with which it has pleafed Al mighty God to crown their zealous exertions in the fervice of their country. " To the difcipline and valour of Britifh feamen is to be- afcribed their great fuperiority over the enemy, who, al though more than treble the force of the Englifo fquadron in number of guns and weight of metal, have been fo fin- gularly defeated. *' The rear admiral has not failed to tranfinit, in his late difpatches, a report of the unparalleled exertions' of all the officers and men in refitting his Majefty's fhips after the battle of Algefiras, (where their conduct and bravery were equally confpicuous,) which has led to the late glo rious fuccefs. " (Signed) James Saumarez." Sir James Saumarez, immediately after the defeat ofthe enemy's fquadron., difpatched Lieutenant Dumarefq to England in the Louis, a brig, with the; news of this im port event. On his arrival in England, Mr. Dumarefq was promoted to the rank of mailer and commander. The thanks of parliament were voted to the admiral, officers, and men, for the fervices they had rendered their country. On the 5thrt>f September following, Sir James Saumarez was nominated a Knight of the Bath, and in verted with the order by Governor O'Hara, appointed com miffioner upon this occafion, at Gibraltar, on the 17th of November. ^ The city of London alfo voted the freedom of the city and a handfome fword, to be prefented to the rear admiral. The $80- NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. . A.D. ffig Frencb Account of the above Atlion. 1801 J " Cadiz, July 16, « Citizen Minifter, *' General Moreno has returned into harbour. Gene ral Linois will give you an account of the failing and paf fage of the fquadron. I Shall only mention to you the cha grin which I have experienced at not feeing the French fhip the St. Antonio, and the two three deckers, the Real Carlos, and the Hermanegilda. A marine, faved with 45 men from the Real Carlos, has informed us, that about midnight, the fquadron having been attacked by the Englifh^ the Real Carlos and the Hermanegilda topic each other for enemies. " A very fmart engagement enfued, the two veffels being nearly foul of each other ; a fire broke out on board the Real Carlos, which foon blew up, and fet fire tq the Hermane'gilda, which Shared the Same fate, The St. An tonio, in confequence of her Station, was near the latteB veffel, and this ftation gave me foe greateft uneafinefs : yet I have been affured that there were only two explofions: .' I have reafon to conclude, that in order to get at a dittancd frorn the conflagration, Captain Lenny proceeded towards the coaft of Africa, where the calms and current* carried him away from the fquadron, which at break of day was fix leagues to-the weft of Cadiz. The day before yefter- day three BritiSh Ships were defcried from the coaft, and a French fhip in the Streight, but the latter did not appear to be captured. This may give us fome hope, if the fignals are correct. Nothing remains to me but uncertainty, Witfif a great deal of fear, and I do not know what opinion to en tertain. " After having fpoken of our loffes, it gives me great pleafure to ftate to you the new glory with which Le For midable, commanded by Captain Troude, has been co vered. During the night cannonade, in the middle.' of the Streight, this fhip receiveo1 the fire of her friends and ene mies; but with intrepid coolnefs, the captain would not return the fire, left he Should increafe the difbrdef; and keeping clofe to the Spanish coaft, he retired from foe com batants : he was followed by a divifion of the Britifh fleet of three. fhips and a frigate; and at break of day, being in fight of Cadiz, and five leagues diftant from the fquadron, . NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 587 he was attacked by three Ships, with which he was engaged A.D- half an hour, and obliged two of them to retire; the third '^qi endeavoured to attack Le Formidable on the quarter, while the frigate cannonaded her in ;tfie ftern. But, notwiths tanding, the bad ftate of his mafts, Captain Troude ap proached within mufket fhot ofthe Britifh fhip the Pompee, which having loft her main qdaft, after an engagement of an hour and a half, made hafte to get away, being taken in tow by the frigate ; fome time after both her other mafts came down, and the veffel had the appearance of having yielded, but as the two other Ships and the frigate were at a Short diftance, Captain Troude would not take poffeffion of her ; he expected to be attacked again. The enemy, dif- concerted both in their fire and their bravery, Suffered him Quietly to purfue his courfe. " This engagement took place in fight of all Cadiz, and the glorious refult of a combat fo unequal, by covering our arms with glory, has filled the hearts ofthe Spaniards with the utmoft degree of enthufiafm. Le Formidable was Scarcely repaired after the battle of Algefiras on the 6th ; top-gallant-mafts ferved as top-mafts ; but in this deranged State, the brave Troude, inftead of flying from the enemy, who might have captured him without firing a fhot, offered them battle, as by (his manoeuvre, as prudent as bold, he firft extricated himfelf from the two Ships, which he greatly damaged, and at laft totally difmafted the PompSe, which fought him bravely, for an hour and a half. The combined %uadron was at that time becalmed at the diftance of five leagues, I expected to fee it, orf the breeze Springing up, come to take poffeffion of this veffel,, and give chace to, or capture the four Britifh fhips which were in fight ; but I was far from having any idea of the misfortune which befel the two three deckers, which, without doubt, occafioned the feparation of the St. Antonio; and in the evening the fquadron came to anchor. " Hear Admiral Linois was exceedingly forry that he was not on board Le Formidable, but he did not think proper to refift the earneft folicitations of General Moreno, Who induced him to go on board his frigate, that they "might better concert their operations. « My refpectful falutations, " (Signed) Dumanoir Le Pelley." Rear 588 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A D. ,g'0j Rear Admiral Linois' s Letter to the Minifter ofthe Marinet giving an account of the action. '* On the gth of July, a Spanifh divifion confifting of fix fail of the line and three frigates, arrived at Algeziras from, Cadiz, under the command of his Excellency Lieutenant General Moreno, in order to raife the blockade of four fail of the line and one frigate, which were under my orders, and to favour their efcape fo Cadiz. That officer accord ingly gave me every affiftance in his power, in order to put niy fhips in a condition to put to fea, and to tow them out, in order to enable them to fet fail. Our labour was continued day and night. General Moreno made his fqua dron anchor in a line N.E- and S.W. On the 12th, there was a tolerable frefh eaft wind, and it was deter, mined to fet fail at one o'clock in the afternoon on ac- ' count of the tide. The Signal being, given at that hour, - the Sleet fet fail, the Spanifh fquadron being to windward of ours. The frigate L'Indienne , towed the Hannibal, which we were forry to perceive made very little way. " The calm which we experienced under Gibraltar, neceffarily deranged the regularity of our order ; while the enemy having a brifk gale at eaft, Sailed frorn Gibraltar with five fail of the line, a frigate, a brig, and a Portuguefe fri gate, and formed in order of battle. As foon as the Englifh admiral had paffed Europa Point, he made a fignal,; and immediately we faw to windward fix fail, Of which two , had three mafts. I w^s then with M. de Moreno on board the Sabina frigate. At fun-fet, the two laft fhips of our line with difficulty doubled the Cape Carnero, Three only remained with the Hannibal, which was under jury malts, and which confequently could not carry much fail. Night was coming on, and it was neceffary to determine to return to our anchorage, which might afford the enemy an op portunity of attacking us before we. took a' pofition. At all events, every delay was dangerous, for the reinforcements which the enemy expected, might arrive every moment. The breeze from the eaft becoming ftronger, we wereaffured of the wind during the night.1 We determined to fend the! Hannibal back to Algeziras, and to pafs the Strait with the combined fquadron. We then manoeuvred fo as to facilitate, the rallying of two of our veffels, which had fallen into the rear in confequence ofthe calm, The three French veffels , ¦ ' which, NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 689 which failed better than could have been expected, were in A. D. the van, and in that order it was propofed to pafs the 1S01, Strait. At eight o'clock the enemy Shewed a difpofi- tion to attack us. At nine we heard the reports of three cannon, and at the fame time we faw foes at a confiderable diftance v behind us. We prefumed it might be fome of the enemy's veffels making fignals of their arrival, We congratulated ourfelves upon feeing our fquadrons fo well collected together, and failing fo well, which made us con fident that the plan of the enemy would not fucceed. At half paft eleven the wind was confiderably encreafed. The night was very dark, and we heard a fmart cannonade in the E. N. E. and foon after we faw a conflagration, which made us apprehend that fome of our veffels, in firing their ftern guns had taken fire, in confequence of the force of the wind. We thought alfo that they might be fire fhips belonging to the enemy. We put about for a moment, but the veffel on fire approaching us, we continued our way, 'having conftantly a light at our main top-maft head, as a Signal for rallying. It could no longer he doubted but that the enemy had paffed the Strait, and had got into our wake. The cannonade became pretty general, but the wind was too Strong to continue the action. We received feveral foots on board the frigate, which killed one man and wounded five. Several balls paffed through our fails. We took down the fignal we had at our maft -head,, for fear that the enemyfhould fall upon us. It was afterwards hoifted, in order to collect our fhips. We made fail, di recting our courfe to W. N. W. not chufing to go more before the wind, left the wind, which was very ftrong, fhould carry away out mafts. We paffed the night in the greateft difquietude, not knowing whether the veffels which were in fight, were not enemies. At length the day diffi- pated part of our fears, and we found ourfelves in the midft of our fleet, with, the exception of two Ships of three decks, viz. the Hermenegilda, and the Royal Charles, the For midable and the St. Antoine. The wind having fallen, it became impoffible to go in fearch of the veffels which had feparated. We were then fix leagues weft of Cadiz. At half paft four o'clock, the Deflaix made a fignal, that fhe had fprung a leak, and that the water had gained upon her 30 inches in an hour, and demanded affiftance, which was granted. At five o'clock we heard an action in the eaft, and 5gQ NAVAL CMRONOLOGft A.D. and perceived a fmoke. The wind being then frorri thd i8or S. E. we made the fignal for the line of battle to he formed a| quick as poffible, without regard to places, in order to affift the veffel which was engaged. At half paft fix the action ceafed, and the moft perfect calm fucceeded. At eleven, the wind fifing again, we perceived four veffels at a con siderable diftance from one another. We flattered ourfelves at firft, that they were our fhips ; but we Soon found by their manoeuvres, that they were enemies. We alfo dif tinguifhed the Formidable clofe under the land, making the bed of her way to Cadiz. We flood for the port, from which a felucca brought me a letter from the Capidn ofthe Formidable, which had then anchored in the road of Cadiz, dating, that he had in the morning engaged two Englifh fhips of the line, and a frigate, and that one of the Englifh fhips had been completely diSmalted, and had been towed "away by the frigate. We then anchor^ in Cadiz. "- I muft -acknowledge the confummate experience and talents of General Moreno, as well as the zeal and care which he difplayed for the fuccefs of his miffion; If fepa- rations have taken place, it muft be attributed to the dark- nefs ofthe night, and the neceffity which, there was of getting away from the veffels, which were on fire. That officer upon hearing at Cadiz, of the deftruction of two fhips of his fquadron, the Hermenegilda and the Royal Charles, was juflly Struck with grief upon the occafion. He had, by his wife inftructions, provided againft almoft every poffi ble cafe. , "I have fince been informed, that the two Spanifh veffels which were-deftroyed, cannonaded and run foul of one another, each foppofing the other to be an enemy. We are uncertain about the fate of the St. Antoinl. The violence of the wind made it extremely dangerous to fire to windward. '(.Signed)' « Rear Admiral Linoisi" " Dated in Cadiz harbour, 15th July, on board the Formidable. RepoH NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 5Ql A. D. Report of Captain Troude, Provifional Commander of Le 1801 Formidable, to Rear Admiral Linois. « Cadiz, July i$th, i8or. " Citizen General, " I have the honour of communicating to you an account of the operations of Le Formidable, with the pro vifional command of which you entrusted me. Proud of the honourable charge to defend your flag, I endeavour to execute your orders with the moft fcrupulous exaclnefs ; I » immediately repaired on board that veffel to affume the chief command, and I put to fea as foon as you made the fignal. " You obferved as well as myfelf, the movements of the enemy's fquadron which had retired to Gibraltar after the memorable battle on the 6tb, at Algeziras. Seeing the enemy fet fail at the fame time as the combined Squadrons and keeping to the windward of us at the diftance of above a league, 1 endeavoured to -follow exactly your manoeu vres, and made all the fail poffible to follow you, but the Ship which I had the honour tq command, having been abfolutely diSabled, having only jury mafts and the lower' fails, I could not make that way which I wifhed ; Muring the darknefs of the night a Strong breeze broke the fmall top-gallant-maft which ferved me as a fore-top-maft, and every, thing contributed to prevent me from following the combined Squadron. " About midnight I fuflained the fire of five Englifh Ships which had come up with me; they fired red hot bul lets. I efeaped as faft as poffible from the brifk cannonade which they maintained, hanging up the fame lights as I obferved them to have. I had only three men killed and two wouffded ; as I was very near the combined fquadron, I "refolved not to engage that I might avoid thofe fatal mif- takes which too often take place in a night engagement. I was afraid, left I fhould fire into fome of our own veffels or that they might fire into mine, from which fatal acci dents muft have refulted to the combined fquadron ; at bne in the morning, not being able to obferve or diftinguifh any more fignals, I made for Cadiz, keeping clofe in with the Spanifh coaft, on a courfe N. or N. E. and by thefe means got to a diftance from the fquadron which were fteer^ ing large in a weftern direction. At 502 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. . A.D. " At break of day, I found myfelf attacked by four of I8oi the enemy's fquadron, three fhips and a frigate, which had purfued the fame courfe ; , though totally difabled and the crew , fatigued, having had no reft for three days, we re turned their fire with courage ; the frigate attacked us firft, but a few foots well directed from our ftern guns, made her abandon her object. The fhip which followed approached us and kept up a, brifk fire ; we manoeuvred to get into a better pofition ; I ran cloSe to her till we were yard arm and yard arm, and maintained a terrible and well Supported fire ; after being engaged an hour and a half, fhe was com pletely difmafted, making water in every part. The fri gate which had attacked me in the ftern, came immediately to her affiftance ; the other two veffels finding it neceffary to fheer off after receiving Some broadfides not without da mage, joined the frigate and hoifted out all their boats to fave the crew of the other veffel, and to take her in tow. they refigned to me the) field of battle and retired. " I expected however another combat ; we were deter mined to make the moft vigorous defence, but as the. enemy, retired, and as I found myfelf in fuch a fituation as\ to be unable to purfue them, I refolved to prpceed to Ca- !>. diz, where I arrived, at two in the afternoon. > \ '* I fhall not attempt to give you an account of parti- »j cular instances of bravery; the > two Staffs, the crew, and the troops who were paffengers, vie with each other in covering themSelves with glory ; forbefides the noble com-' bat of the 6th, this laft proves that the valour which ani-, : mated the brave men I have- the honour to command, Was carried to a degree which it is difficult for me to defcribe, '• Government will, no doubt, take the earliefl opportunity. of rewarding fo much courage, and fo great a devotion to reftore the glory of the French navy.v It would be juft alfo, to indemnify them for the loffes they have1 fuflained, their effects having been cut to pieces, and absolutely deftroyed. " I have now, Citizen General, to communicate^ to you a very fatal relation. In the battle of this night,' two of the fhips which fired upon me took fire and blew up. I fuppofed them to be Englifo, prefuming that the ' .fire had been occafioned by the furnaces they had on board for heating their foot : but upon entering the har- ' bour of Cadiz, I was affured they were Spanifh. The darknefs had led them into a miftake, which Lhad juftly" , dreaded: Naval chronology. 5Q$ dreaded. They fired on each other, and on my veffel, at A'D' foemoment when I formed tfie prudent refolution of avoid- * ing a combat in which 1 could not diftinguifh the enemy. The names of thofe two veffels are the San Carlos, and the Hermenegildo. " In a combat fo obftinate as that of this morning, and againft fo unequal a force, I am happy, in having to regret only 20 men killed, or feverely wounded. " Accept, Citizen General, affurances of my zeal and moft refpectful devotion. " (Signed) Troude." On the 2 1 ft of July, the Pafley armed brig, commanded by Lieutenant W. Wooldridge, on his return from Mi- ftorcaj fell in with a Spanish man of war xebec, of 22 guns, Which, after an action within piftol Shot for an hour and a quarter, was perfectly filenced; but the enemy taking advantage of its being nearly calm, got out her Sweeps and rowed off, in fpite of every exertion of Lieutenant Pafley to purfue her. In this conteft, one man was killed, and two Wounded. On the 3d of Auguft, the fquadron of frigates cruizing tinder the orders of Captain Halfled, off the ifle of Elba, fell in with a large French frigate, efcorting fome fmall Veffels laden with ammunition and ftores for their army on that ifland. After a fmart action of ten minutes, the frigate ftruck to the Pomone, and proved to be La Carrere, of 40 gUns, 26 eighteen pounders on the main deck, 12 eights on the quarter deck and forecaftle, and two 36 pound car ronades, manned with 356 men. The Pomone had two killed ; Lieutenant Charles Doug las, of the marines, who loft his leg, and died foon after, with three men wounded. On the 2d of September, at fix o'clock in the morning, the fquadron under Captain Halfled had the good fortune to difcover two French frigates Steering towards Leghorn, to which he gave chace. On, the approach of the Squadron, one of them was obferved to have run a-Shore off Vada, and. ftruck her colours without refiftance ; She was taken pof feffion of by the Pomone, and found to be his Majefty's late Ship SucceSs, which was got off without receiving any ma terial damage, Vol. III. Q^q Captain 5 9-4 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A-D- Captain Cockburne, in the Minerve, went on in purfuit 1 0I ofthe other, which was endeavouring to get into Leghorn Road, but the wind fortunately Shifting, enabled' the, Mi nerve to get well up with the enemy before he could accom plish his views; and after miffing ftays and attempting to wear, "got on Shore under the Santegnano battery, to,the Southward of Leghorn, where her mafts foon went by the boards and the Ship was totally loft, having ftruck her co lours without making any refiftance. She proved tp be La Bravoure, of 46 guns, and 283' nfen, commanded 'by M. Dordelin, who, with feveral of his officers, were made prifoners by the Minerve's boats. On the 15th of September, Lord William Stuart, in the Champion, in a moft gallant manner cut out from under the. batteries of Gallipoli, his Majefty's late floop Bull Dog, in the face of an inceffant fire from the fhip and fort. The Champion had one man killed. On the 28th of October, Lieutenant Wooldridge. com manding the Pafley hired armed brig, fell in with, offCape de Gatt, and after a fpirited action, carried, by boarding, . the Spanifh privateer Pplacre El Virgine del Rofarior r pierced for 20 guns, but only ten mounted, two long 24 pounders, and eight long twelves, with 94 men ; of whom were killed, the firft and fecond captains, one lieutenant, and 18 men; and 1 3 wounded. The Pafley, the gunner, and two men killed ; Lieute- \' nan't Wooldridge, the mailer's mate, and five feamen Wounded. I Mr. Wool ridge was promoted to the rank of a com mander, for his gallant behaviour. . Operations on the Coaft of Egypt, taken from the Letters of Lord Keith, General Sir Ralph Abercrombie, K. B. Lieutenant General Hutchinfon, and Sir Sidney Smith, On the 22d of February, the armament deftined for the expedition to Egypt, failed from the harbour of Marmo- rice, and anchored in the bay of Aboukir on the 2d ,of March,* excepting the Turkifh gun-boats and kaicks, all of which bore up for Macri, Cyprus, and" other ports, during the prevalence of Strong weft-erly winds which the fleet encountered on its paffage. An unfortunate" fucceffion \' ¦ , ¦".'.' * Appendix, Chap, II. No. 422. ef NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 5Q5 of ftrong northerly gales,, attended by a heavy fwell,'ren- A.D. dered it impoffible to difembark before the 8th. At two l8oj o'clock in the morning the boats began to receive the firft divifion of troops, confifting of the referve, under the com mand of Major General Moore; the brigade of guards, ' under the Hon. Major General Ludlow ; and part of the firft brigade, under Major General Coote. At three the fignal was made for their proceeding to" rendez vous near the Mendovi, anchored about a gun fhot from the Shore, where it had beeri" determined that they were to b"e affembled and properly arranged; but fuch Was the ex tent of the anchorage occupied by fo large a fleet, and' fo great the diftance pf many of them from any one given point, that it was not till nine the fignal could be made for the boats to advance towards the fhore. The whole line began to move with great celerity towards the b^ach; between the cattle of Aboukir, and the entrance ofthe Sed, under the direction of the honourable Captain Cochrane, of the Ajax, affifted by Captains Stevenfori, Scott, Larmour, Apthorpe, and Morrifon^ of the navy, and the refpective agents of tranfports, the right flank beiha; protected by the Creulle cutter, and the Dangereufe and Janiflary gun veffels ; the left, by the Entreprenapte cutter, Malta fchooner, and Negrefs gun yefl'el, with two armed launches of the fleet 'on each. A detachment of feamen was appointed to co-operate with the army under the com7 mand of Captain Sir Sidney Smith, with the Captains Ribo- leau, Guion, Saville, Burn, and Hillyer, ofthe navy, who' had the charge of the launches, with the field artillery ac companying the troops. The Tartarus and Fury were placed in proper Situations for throwing fhot and fhells with advantage; and the Peterell, Cameleon, and Minorca, were moored as near as poffible with their broadfides to the Shore. The delays to which the fleet had been expofed, gave the enemy an opportunity to Strengthen the naturally difficult , coaft. The whole garrifon of Alexandria, -amounting to about 3000 men, reinforced with many fmall detachments that had, been obferved to advance from the Rofetta Branch, was appointed for its defence. Field pieces were placedon the moft commanding heights, and in the intervals of the numerous fand hills which Cover the fhore, all of which were lined with mufketry ; the beach on either wing being Qjl 2 flanked 5Q6 naval chronology. A.D. flanked with cannon, and parties of cavalry held in readinefs i^01 to advance. The fire ofthe enemy was fucceffively opened from their mortars and field pieces, as the boats got within their reach ; and as they approached to the Shore, foe exceffive difcharge of grape Shot and of mufquetry from behind the fand hills, feemed to threaten them with destruction ; while the cattle of Aboukir on the right flank, maintained a con stant and harraffing diScharge Of large Shot and Shells; but the ardour of the officers and men was not to be damped; without a moment's hefitationi they refolutely rowed in for the beach, obtained a footing; when the troops advanced, the 23d regiment, and part, of the 40th, under the com- • mand of Colonel Spencer, afcended the hill which com manded the whole, and feemed almoft inacceffible, with an intrepidity and coolnefs fcarcely to be paralleled, and forced the enemy to retire, leaving behind him feven pieces of ar tillery, and feveral horfes. The difembarkation of the army continued, and the troops were all landed on the following day, with fuch arti cles of Stores and provifions as required the moft immediate ¦ attention.- General Sir Ralph Abercrombie was fo highly gratified by the fpirited, Steady, and intrepid conduct of the troops on th»ir landing, with the judicious manner in which it was conducted, that the following compliment appeared the next day in the general orders : " Camp, hear Aboukir, March 9, 1 80 1. " The gallant behaviour of the troops in the action of yefterday, claims from the commander in chief the warmeft praife he can beftow : and it is with particular Satisfaction that he obferved that conduct marked equally by ardent bra very, and by coolnefs, regularity, and order. " Major Generals Coote, Ludlow, and Moore, and Brigadier General Oakes, who led on the troops that effected the landing, and were' engaged, will be pleafed to accept Sir Ralph Abercrombie's Thanks, for the able man ner in which they conducted the whole operation. " Sir Sidney Smith, the captains, officer's, and men of the fhips of war, who acted with the army on fhore, will be pleafed to accept Sir Ralph Abercrombie's Thanks, for the activity with which they brought forward the field ar tillery NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 5Q7 tillery, and for the intrepidity and zeal with which they ac- A.D. quitted themfelves ofthe fervice entrufted to them." *8Pr ' The lofs fuflained by the navy in difembarking tha troops • on the 1 8th in Aboukir Bay, amounted to twerity killed; feven officers, 63 feameii, wounded; and three feamen mifjing. Names of Officers wounded. Stately — Lieutenant John Bray, Europa— Lieutenant George Thomas. Dolphin — Lieutenant Francis Collins. Swiftfure— Mr. John Finchely, matter's mate, Charon— Mr. Richard Ogleby. Iphigenia — Mr. John Donnellan, midfhipman. Dictator — :Mr. Edward Robinfon, ditto, fince dead. That of the army amounted to four officers,, four fer jeants, 94 rank and file, killed ; 26 officers, 34 ferjeants, five drummers, 45,0 rank and file wounded. One officer, one Serjeant, one drummer, 32 rank arid file miffing, On the 12th, the whole army moved forward, and came' . within fight ofthe enemy, who was formed on an advan tageous ridge, with his right to the canal of Alexandria, and his left towards the fea. The general determined to attack them on the morning of the 13th; and in confe quence the army marched in two lines by the left, with the intention to turn their right flank. The troops had not been long in motion before the enemy defcehded from the heights on which they were formed, and attacked the leading brigades of both lines, which were commanded by Major General Cradock, and Major General the Earl of Cavan. The 90th regiment formed the advanced guard ofthe front line, and the g2d that of the fecond; both battalions fuffered considerably, and behaved in fuch a manner, as to merit the praife both of courage and' difcipline. Major General Cradock immediately formed his brigade to meet the attack made by the enemy ; and the troops changed their pofition with a quicknefs and precifion which did them the greateft honour. The remainder of the army followed fo good an example, and were immediately not only in a fitua tion to face, but to repel the enemy. The referve, under Major' General Moore, which was on the right, on the change of the pofition of the army, moved on in column, Q.q 3 and ' 598 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A- D. an(j covered the right flank. The army continued to ad- 1^01 vance, pufhing the enemy with the greateft vigour, and ultimately forcing them to put themfelves under the protec tion ofthe fortified heights which form the .principal defence of Alexandria. It Was the general's intention to have at tacked them in this their laft pofition ; for which" purpofe, the referve, under the command of Major General Moore, which had remained in column during the whole of the 'day, was brought forward; and the fecond line, under ' Major General Hutchinfon, marched to the left acrofs a part of the lake Mareotis, w|ih a view to attack the enemy on both" flanks ; but on reconnoitering their pofition, and not being prepared to occupy it after it fhould be carried, prudence required, that troops who had behaved So bravely, and who were ftill willing to attempt any thing, however arduous, Should nor be expofed to a certain lofs, when the extent, of the advantage could not be afcertainqd. They . were therefore withdrawn, and ordered to occupy a pofition with their right to the fea, and their left to the canal of Alexandria, and Lake Mareotis, about a league from the town of Alexandria.* On thel 8th of March, the cattle of Aboukir Surrendered by capitulation : the garrifon confuted of two chiefs of bat talion, eight inferior officers, and 140 non-cotnrriiflioned- -t and men. ' The army remained in this pofition without any mate rial occurrence taking place, until the 21ft, when the enemy attacked it with nearly the whole of their collected , force, amounting fo between eleven or twelve thoufand , men. ' Of fourteen demi-brigades of infantry which the * The lofs fuftained by the navy ferving on fhore under the orders of Sir Sidney Smith, on the 1 3 th of March, amounted to five feamen killed, ; one offkerand 18 wounded... The marines, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Smith, ,. , two officers, 2.2 rank and file killed ; four officers, two ferjeants, two 'drummers, and 17 rank and file wounded. Officers killed.— Payne HufTey, John 'Linzee Shaw-fir©?.*. lieutenants. Wo un ded. —William Minto, Robert Farkmgton— captains. JohnParry, George Peebles— lieutenants.- ' The Ahmy. , Six officers, fix ferjeants, one drummer, 143 rank and file, ai horfes Killed; 66 Ojfficers, one quarter-mafter, 6ofsrjeants, feven drummers, 946 rank and file, five horfes, -wounded; one rank and file miffing. French NAVAL, CHRONOLOGY. $9Q French had in Egypt, twelve appear to have been engaged* A;Dl and all their cavalry, with the exception of one regiment. '^0I The action commenced about an hour before day-light, by a falfe attack on the left of the Britifh army, under the command of Major General Cradock, and were foon re-. pulfed. The moft vigorous efforts ofthe enemy were di rected againft the right, which they ufed every poffible "exertion to turn. The attack on that point was begun with great impetuofity by the French infantry, fuftained by a Strong body of cavalry, who charged in column. They were received by the Britifh troops wifo the greateft fteadi- nefs and difcipline. The contefl was unufually obftifiate ; the enemy were twice repulfed, and their cavalry was re peatedly mixed with Britifh infantry. They at length were obliged to retire, leaving a prodigious number of dead and wounded in the field. The Slaughter in this action was prodigious on both fides. General Sir Ralph Abercrombie, the commander in chief, was mortally wounded, and died on board the Foudroyant on, the 28th. Major General Hutchinfon, on whom the command devolved, in Ins public difpatches, mentions the melancholy fate which betel this brave and excellent officer, ¦in a manner which does honour to his feelings. He fays, " I believe he was wounded early, but he concealed his fituation from thofe about him, and continued in the field, giving his orders with that coolnefs and perfpituity which had ever marked his character, till long after the action was over, when he fainted through weakhefs and lofs of blood. Were it permitted for a Soldier to regret any one who has fallen in the fervice of his country, I might be excufed for lamenting him, more than any other perfon; but it is fome confolation to thofe -who tenderly loved him, that as his life was honourable, fo was his death glorious. His memory will be recorded in the annals of his country ; will be facred to every Britifh foldier; and embalmed in the recollection of a grateful posterity." Amongft the other officers-.of note wounJed, were Major General Moore, Brigadier General Oakes and Hope, Captain Sir W. Sidney Smith, of the navy, and Colonel Paget. The enemy were fuppofed to have 3000 killed, wound ed, and taken prifoners. General Roize, who commanded Q_q 4 their fJOp NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D- their cavalry, was killed. 'Generals Lanuffe and Bodet l°01 were mortally wounded. The ' navy battalion had one officer, three feamen,. killed ; two officers, 18 feamen, wounded. Mr. Krebs, matter's mate of the Minotaur, killed. Captain Sir William Sidney Smith, of the Tigre ; and ' Lieutenant Lewis Davis, ofthe Swiftfure, wounded. The French army which had furrendered at Cairo, was embarked on board a divifion of fhips, armed en flute, and tranfports, to be conveyed to France. On the ioth of Au guft this fervice being completed, they failed from Aboukir Bay; the number embarked amounted to between 1300a or 14060 individuals of all descriptions, The grand object now became: the reduction of Alex andria, which had been clofely blockaded by Rear Admi ral Sir Richard Bickerton ; whilft the army under General HutchinSon, cut off all communication on the land-fide. The pofition of the enemy's flotilla on the fide ofthe Lake Mareotis, being examined by Lord Keith, who was of opinion that it could be eafily fobdued, and that a de barkation could be effected without much difficulty, Ge-* neral Hutchfofon determined to carry the meafure into, im mediate effect : to Secure foe landing from interruption, Captain Stevenfon, of the Europa, who commanded-the flotilla, was directed, to take a Station in front of the ene my's gun boats and armed boats, which Were drawn up in aline, under the protection of the batteries thrown up for . their defence, and to keep them- in check until they could be feized or deftroyed. On the night of the 1 6th of Auguft, a ftrong body of. troops, under the command of Major,Gene_ral Coote, 'was embarked, and landed the next morning without Oppofition, under the fuperintendance of Captain Elphinftone. Whilft the landing was effecting, Sir William Sidney Smith was directed to make a demonstration of attack upon the town of Alexandria, with fome floops of war and armed boats, Theenerny feeing no profpect left of faving their flotilla, fet fire to them, and blew them alf up excepting two or three which were taken. In the mean time two rnottfpi- rited attacks were made with foccefs on the eaft fide of the town, by detachments from the army under the Major Ge nerals Cradock and Moore, in which the 30th regiment, confifting of not more than 200 men, under the command NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 601 of Colonel Spencer, particularly diftinguifhed themfelves, A.D. repulfing a body of 600 French troops, who was ordered to 1801 charge them' with fixed bayonets; many of whom were killed, wounded, and taken prifoners. On the evening of the 21ft, the fmall fortified town of Morabout, that protected the harbour of Alexandria on the weftern fide, diftant from the town about feven or eight miles, forrendered to Major General Coote, who was fupported on this fervice by the armed launches from the blockading fquadron under Sir Richard Bickerton. In performing this fervice, Mr. Hill, midfhipman, and one feaman ofthe Ajax, were killed; and two fearnen of the) Northumberland, wounded. On the fame afternoon the rear admiral ordered four Sloops of war,* with three Turkifh corvettes, to proceed into the harbour, under the direction of the honourable , Captain Cochrane, of the Ajax; (a channel having been , ' previously furveyed with great induftry and precilion, by Lieutenant Withers, of the Kent,) and on the morning of the 22d, Major General Coote's detachment moved for-. ward four or five miles on the narrow ifthmns leading to ; the town, formed by the Mareotis, or inundation on the( fouth fide, and the harbour on the north ; Captain Ste- venfon, with the gun veffels, on the lake, covering the right flank; and Captain Cochrane, with the floops of" war ^nd armed boats the left. The enemy, on the approach of the Britifh fhips, funk; feveral veffels between them and their own fhips, to ob struct their further progrefs to the eaftward, and moved their frigates and corvettes clofe up to the town. Major General Coote, with his detachment, marched on with foe greateft fuccefs, carrying all the enemy's ftrong pofts, whq retreated in the greateft confufion, leaving behind them their cannon and wounded. By the 26th, the blockade of the town, was completed. On the morning of this day four batteries were opened on each fide of the town againft the enemy's intrenched camp, which foon filenced their fire, and induced them to withdraw their guns. On the morning of the 27th, General Menou fent an aid-de-camp to General Hutchinfon, to requeft an ar- *. Cynthia, Viftorieufe, Diane joined afterwards. port Mafion, 3pnne Citoyenne. miftice. 602 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 1 A-D. miftice for three days, in order to give time to prepare a 1801 capitulation ; which being granted, it was figned on the 2d of September. Thus ended the campaign in Egypt, than in which the power, difcipline, and valour of the British army, were never more eminently difplayed. Lord Keith and Lieutenant General Hutchinfon in their public difpatches (which were brought to England by Sir Sidney Smith, and Colonel Abercrombie, fon to the late gallant, and ever memorable General) fpeak in the molt honourable terms of the vigilance, activity, and judicious conduct. of all the fea officers employed to co-operate with the army on this expedition ; efpecially the Honourable Captain Cochrane, SirW. Sidney Smith, Captains Elphin, Stone, Stephenfon, Wilfon, and Prefsland. Great number of merchant veffels and tranfports were found and taken in the harbour ; the Venetian and French , Ships of war were divided by an agreement made in the following manner, between Lord Keith and the Captain Pacha, viz. To the Captain Pacha, Ships, Guns. Caufe _ 64 No, . I. Venetian ' - _ 26 Juftice" _ - 46 Th i Turkifh corvettes to be g iven to the : Captain Pacha"; but to be previoufly valued. To Lord Keith. Ships. Guns. L'Egyptienne - 50 No.: [I, Venetian . 26 La Regeneree _ 32 The thanks of parliament were voted to Lord Keith and Lieutenant Genera! Hutchinfon, the officers, and men in the army and navy Lord Keith was created a Peer of Great Britain, and the General a peer of Ireland; in the former action he was nominated a Knight of the Bath. They were alfo voted the freedom of the city of London, and to be prefented each with a fword valued at 100 gui neas. Articles NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 803 A.D. Articles of the Capitulation propofed by Abdoullahy Jacques i8qi Francois Menou, General in Chief of the French Army, now in Alexandria, to the Generals commanding the Land and Sea Forces of his Britannic Majefly, and of the Sublime Pirte, forming the Blockade of Alexandria, 'dated. the 12th Fruclidor, Year nine of the French Re- ~ public. > (30th Auguft,- 1 8 o I . ) " Art. I. From the prefent date to the 30th Fructidor (17th September, 1801) there foall be a continuation of the truce and fufpenfion of arms between the French army and the combined armies of his Britannic Majefty, and of the Sublime Porte, upon the fame conditions vyith thofe which actually fubfift, with the exception of a regulation fo be amicably fettled between the respective generals of the two armies, for eftablifhing a new line of advanced poft?, in order to remove all pretext of hostility between the troops. " AnSwer — RefuSed. " Art. II. In cafe no adequate Succours fhould arrive to the French army before the time mentioned in the pre ceding article, that army foall evacuate the forts and en trenched camps of Alexandria upon the following condi tions. " Anfwer — Refnfed. *; Art. III. The French army fhall retire, on the firft complementary day of the French era, into the city of Alexandria and forts adjacent, and fhall deliver up to the allied powers the entrenched Fort Du Vivier, together with their artillery and ammunition. " Anfwer — In forty-eight hours after the figning ofthe capitulation, namely, on the 2d of September, at noon, the entrenched camps, the Fort Ture, and Du Vivier foall be delivered up to the allied powers. The ammunition and artillery of thefe forts fhall be alfo delivered up. The French troops fhall evacuate the city, forts, and depen dences of Alexandria, ten days after figning the capitula tion, or at the time of their embarkation. " Art. IV. All individuals constituting a part of the French army, or attached to it by any relations, military or civil; the auxiliary troops of every nation, country, or religion; of whatever powers they might have been fubjects before the arrival ' 604 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A. D. arrival of the French, fhall preferve their property of every i8or" defcription, their effe6l!s, papers, &c. &c. which Shall not be fubject to any examination. «' Anfwer — Granted — Provided that nothing be carried away belonging to the government of the French Republic ; but only the effects, baggage, and other articles belonging to the French and auxiliary foldiers who have ferved during fix months in the army of the Republic; the fame is to be un, derftood of all the individuals attached to the French army, by civil or military capacities of whatever nation, country, or religion they may be. "• Art. V. The French forces, the auxiliary troops, and all the individuals defcribed in the preceding article, Shall be embarked in the ports of Alexandria, between the 5th and 10th Vendemiaire, year ten of the Republic, at , the lateft (27th of September to the 3d October, 1801) together with their arms, ftores, baggage, effects and proT perty of all kinds, official papers and depofites, one field piece to each battalion and fquadron, with ammunition, &c. &c. the whole to be conveyed to one of the ports of the French Republic in the Mediterranean, to be deter mined by the general in chief of the French army, " Anfwer-rtThe French forces (the auxiliary troops, and all the individuals deScribed in the 4th article, fhall be embarked in the ports of Alexandria (unlefs after an amicable convention, it fhould be found more expedi tious to embark a part of them at Aboukir) as foon as vef fels can be prepared, the allied powers at the famertme engaging that the embarkation fhall take place, if poffible, ten days after foe capitulation fhall be figned ; they fhall receive all the honours of war, Shall carry away their arms and baggage, Shall not be prifoners ofwar, and fhall more over take with them ten pieces of cannon from four to eight pounders, with ten rounds of foot to each gun ; they Shall be conveyed to a French port in the Mediterranean. " Art. VI. The French Ships of war, with their full complement, and all merchant Ships, to whatever nation or individuals they may belong, , even thofe of nations at war with the allied powers, or thofe that are the property of owners or merchants who were fubjects to the allied powers before the arrival of the French, Shall depart with the French army, in order that thofe that are fhips of war may NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 605 fnay be reftored to the French government, and the mer- A.D. chant fhips to the owners, or to their affignees. i8pi AnSwer — Refufed— All veffels foall be delivered up as they are. " " Art. VII. Every Single- fhip, that from the prefent iday, to the 30th Fructidor, fhall arrive from the French Republic, or anyof her allies into the ports or roads of Alexandria, fhall be comprehended in this capitulation. Every fhip of war or commerce belonging to France, or the Allies of the republic, that fhall arrive in the ports or road of Alexandria, within twenty days immediately fol lowing the evacuation of that place, fhall not be confidered a lawful prize, but fhall be fet at liberty with her equipage and cargo, and be furnifhed with a paffport from the .allied powers . " Anfwer— Refufed. , " Art. VIII. The French and auxiliary troops, the civil and military agents attached to the army, and all other individuals defcribed in the preceding articles, foall be em barked on board fuch French and other veffels, actually in the ports of Alexandria, as fhall be in a condition to go to fea, or on board thofe of his Britannic Majefty and of the Sublime Porte, within the time fixed by foe fifth article. " Art. IX. Commiffaries foall be named by each party to regulate the number of veffels to be employed, the number of men to be embarked upon them, and generally to provide for all the difficulties that may arife in carrying , into execution the prefent capitulation. " Thofe commiffaries fhall agree upon the different po- fitions which fhall be taken by the fhips'now in the port of Alexandria, and thofe which foall be furnifhed by the, allied powers, fo that by a well regulated arrangement, every occafion of difference between the crews of the fe veral nations may be avoided. " Anfwer — All thefe details will be regulated by the Englifo admiral, and by an officer of the French navy, named by the general in chief. " Art. X. Merchants and owners of fhips, of what ever nation or .religion they may be, and alfo the inhabi tants of Egypt, and of every other country, who. may at the prefent time be in Alexandria, whether Syrians, Capths,' Greeks, Arabs, Jews, &c. and who fhall be de firous of following the French, army, fhall be embarked with €0& NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. with and enjoy the fame advantages with that of the army ; 1801 they fhall be at liberty to remove their property of all kinds, and to leave powers for the difpofal of what they may. not be able to take. away. All arrangements, all orders, all Stipulations, whether of commerce, or of any other nature made by them, foall be Strictly carried into effect after their departure, and be maintained by the generals of his Britannic Majefty, and of the Sublime Porte. Thofe who may prefer remaining in Egypt a certain time on account of their private affairs, Shall be at liberty fo to do, and Shall have full protection from the allied powers ; thofe alfo who may be defirous of eftablifhing themfelves In Egypt, fhall be entitled to all the privileges and rights of which they were in poffeffion before the arrival of the French, " Anfwer. — Every article of merchandize, whether in the town of Alexandria, or on board the veffels that are in the ports, fhall be provisionally at thedifpofition of the allied powers, but fubject to fuch definitive regulation as may be ' . determined by eftablifhed ufage and the law of^ nations. . Private merchants fhall be at liberty to accompany the French army, or they may remain in the country in fe curity. " Art. XI. None of the inhabitants of Egypt, or of ' any other nation or religion, fhall be called to an account for their conduct during the period of the French troops having been in the country, particularly for having taken up arms in their favour, or having been employed by them. '« Anfwer — Granted. *' Art. XII. The troops, and all others who may be embarked with them., foal! be. fed during their paffage, and until their arrival at France, at the expence of the ¦ allied powers, and conformably to the rules of the French navy. The allied powers fhall fupply every thing that may be neceffary for the embarkation. *« Anfwer — The troops and all others who may be em barked with them, fhall be fed during their paffage, and until their arrival in France, atthe expence of the "allied powers, according to the ufage eftablifhed in the marine of England. " Art. XIII. The Confuls, and all other public agents of the feveral powers in alliance with the French Republic, ¦ Shall •NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 607 Shall continue in the enjoyment of all privileges and rights A.D. which are granted by civilized nations to diplomatic 'Soi agents.. Their property, and all their effects' and papers fhall be refpected and placed under the protection of the allied powers. They fhall be at liberty to retire, or to re main, as they think fit. '• Anfwer — The confuls, and all other public agents of the powers in alliance with the French Republic, fhall be at liberty to remain or to retire as they may think fit. Their property and effects of any kind, together with their papers, fhall be preferved for them, provided they conduct ' themfelves with loyalty, and conformably to the law of nations. " Art. XIV. The fick who may be judged by the medical ftaff of the army, to be in a ftate for removal, fhall be embarked at the fame time with the army, upon hof pital fhips, properly furnifhed with medicines, provifions, and every other ftore that may be neceffary for their fitua tion, and they Shall be attended by French Surgeons. ThoSe of fhe fick, who maybe in a condition not to undertake the voyage, Shall be delivered over to the care and humanity, ofthe allied powers. French phyficians and other medical affiftance fhall be left for their care, to be maintained at the expence of the allied powers, who Shall fend theni to France as foon as their State of health may permit, toge ther with any things belonging to them, in the fame man-" ner as has been propofed for the reft ofthe army. ' " Anfwer — Granted- — THe Ships deftined, for hofpitals fhall be prepared for the reception of thofe who may fall fick during the paffage. The medical ftaff of the two armies 'fhall concert with each other in what manner to difpofe of thofe of the fick who, having contagious diforders, ought not to have communication with the others. '' Art. XV. Horfe tranfports for conveying fixty horfes, with every thing neceffary for their fubfiftence during the paffage, fhall be furnifhed. " Anfwer — Granted. " Art. XVI. The individuals composing the inftitute of Egypt, and the' commiffion of arts, fhall carry with them all the papers, plans, memoirs, collections of natural hiftory, and all the monuments of art and antiquity col lected by therm in Egypt. " Anfwer — The members of the inftitution may carry 1 with 60s ftAvAL Chronology. A.D. with them all fob instruments of arts and feiehce whicll J^01 they have brought from France, but the Arabian manu- fcripts, the ftatues and other collections which have been made for the French Republic Shall be confidered as public! property, and Subject to the difpofal of the Generals ofthe combined army. " General Hope having declared in confequence of Some' obfervations of the commander in chief of the French armyj that he could make no alteration in this article ; it has been agreed that a reference thereupon fhould beimadeto the commander in chief of the combined army; " Art. XVII. The veffels which fhall be employed in conveying the French and auxiliary army, as well, as the different perfons who Shall accompany it, Shall be eScorted by Ships of warr belonging, to the allied powers, who for mally engage that they Shall not, in any manner be mplefted during their voyage, the fafety of fuch of thefe, veffels as may be feparated by ftrefs of weather, or other accidents* fhall be guaranteed by the generals of the allied forces. The veffels conveying the French army fhall not,' under1 any pretence, touch at any, other than the French coaftj except in cafe of abfolute neceffity. " Anfwer — Granted — The commander in chief of the French army entering into'a reciprocal engagement, that ' none of theie veffels Shall be molefted during their flay in France, or on their return, he equally engaging that they Shall be furnifhed with every thing which may be neceffary, according to the conflant practice of European powers. " Art. XVIII. At the time of giving up the camps and forts according to the terms of the third article, the prifoners in Egypt Shall be respectively given up on both fides. " AnSwer — Granted. " Art. XIX. The commiffaries Shall be named to re ceive the artillery of the place, and of the forts, Stores, " magazines, plans, and other articles that the French leave to the allied powers ; and lifts and inventories foall be made out, figned by the commiffaries of the different powers, according as the forts and magazines Shall be given up to the allied powers. fc AnSwer — Granted- — Provided that all the plans of the city and forts of Alexandria, as well as all maps of the coun try, Shall be delivered up, to the Englifh commiffary. The batteries NAVAL CHRONOLOGY, * 60Q batteries, cifterns, and other public buildings, Shall alfo be A' D* 'given up in the condition in which they actually are. I^01 " Art. XX. . A paffport fhall be granted to a French armed veffel, in order to convoy to Toulon, immediately after the camps and forts before mentioned Shall be given up, officers charged by the commander in chief to carry to his government, the prefent capitulation. " Anfwer — Granted — But if it be a French veffel it fhall not be armed. " Art. XXI. On giving up the camps and forts men tioned in the preceding articles^ hoftages Shall be given on both fides, in order to guarantee the execution of the prefent treaty. They fhall be choSen from among the offi cers of rank in the refpedtive armies; namely, four from . the French army, two from the Britifh troops, and two from the troops of the Sublime Porte. The four French hoftages Shall be embarked on board the Englifh fhip com manding the fquadron, and the Sour Britifh and Turkifh hoftages on board one of the veffels which fhall carry the commander in chief, or the lieutenant generals. They Shall all be reciprocally delivered up on their arrival in France. Anfwer There fhall be placed in the. hands of the commander in chief of the French army, four officers of rank as hoftages; namely, one officer of the navy, one officer of the Britifh army, and two officers of the Turkifh army. The commander in chief fhall, in like manner place in the hands ofthe commander in chief of the Britifh army, four officers of rank. The hoftages Shall be reftored on both fides at the period of the embarkation. , " Art. XXII. If any difficulties fhould arife during the execution ofthe prefent capitulation, they Shall be ami cably Settled by the commiffaries of the armies. . " AnSwer — Granted. (Signed) '< Keith, Admiral. (Signed) «4 J. Hely Hutchinson, Lieu- , tenant General commanding in chief. (Signed) " Hassein Capitan Pacha. (Signed) " Abdouixah Jacques Francois Menou, General in Chief of the French army. ( A true Copy. ) James Kempt, Lieutenant Colonel and Secretary. Vol. III. Rr 6lO NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. * I 80 NORTH AMERICA. The Cleopatra and Adromache frigates commanded by captains Ifrael Pellew and Laurie, being on a cruize off the ifland of Cuba, attempted with their lx>ats to cut out a convoy of Spanifh veffels which were at anchor in Levita Bay, protected by three large gun veffels. The enenry: expecting an attack, was prepared- for their reception; and on the approach of the boats, discharged 'Such a tre mendous volley of grape and langrage as to occafion great Slaughter. The boats, however, with intrepid bravery pufhed on, boarded, and carried one of the gallies. The inceffant fire from the enemy, which nearly deftroyed all the boats, obliged the affailants to relinquish any further attempt and retreat to their fhips. The loSs was Mr, Taylor, firft lieutenant of the Geo-. patra, two midfhipmen of the Andromache, and nine fea- - men killed; one midfhipman and fixteen men wounded, In the month of July, the Bahama iflands were vifited ¦ by a dreadful hurricane, in which upwards of 120 veffels of different defcriptions were loft, many people perifhed, s and feveral plantations were confiderably damaged. LEEWARD ISLANDS.f On the 8 th of January, Captain Thomas Manby, in the Bourdelois, beinjg on a cruize for the protection of the expected Weft India convpy, recaptured two of them which had been taken by La Mouche, French privateer;. On the 29th, being ro windward of Barbadoes on the fame fervice, Captain Manby difcovered two large ¦ brigs and a fchooner "to windward bearing down upon him. At fix o'clock in the evening, he brought the largeft brig to clofe action, the other two keeping at long foot diftance. After. a fmart engagement of thirty minutes, his opponent was completely filenced and Struck her colours ; upon which the other brig and fchooner made fail and got off, but not' without being confiderably damaged.. The veffel taken, - proved to be Le Curieufe, national corvette, pierced for 20 -guns, but had only eighteen long nine pounders mounted, 468 men, commanded by Captain G. Radelet, * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 423. f Appendix, Chap. II. No. 424:' who NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. fill who died of his wounds, and about 50 of the crew were A.D. alfo k|lled or wounded,. The Bourdelois had one man lSo1 killed and feven wounded, among the number M. Barrie, firft lieutenant, who continued at his quarters. Captain Manby had not been in poffeffion of his prize more than an hour, when it was found fhe was rapidly finking, from the innumerable fhot holes foe had received ; finding after every exertion, that it was inlpoflible to Save her, he ordered every body to quit her ; but Britifh huma- ¦ nity, whilft Striving to extricate the wounded Frenchmen from deftrudtion, weighed fo forcibly with Mr- Archibald Montgomery and twenty brave followers, that, they perfe- vered in this.'meritorious fervice until the veffel funk under them. The floating wreck buoyed, up many from deftrucr tion; but Mr. Frederick Spence, and Mr. Auckland, mid fhipmen, with five of thefe gallant fellows unfortunately perifhed. Thefe veffels had been fitted out by Victor Hugues and fent from Cayenne, for the exprefs purpofe of intercepting the convoy.* On the i8ih, the boats of the Daphne and Cyane, com manded by Lieutenants M'Kenzies and Peachy, boarded, and in a moft gallant manner, although moored to the Shore, cut out from under a very Strong battery at Trois Ri? . vieres, which kept up an inceffant fire upon the boats, / L'Eclair French armed fchooner of 4 guns and 56 men. In this contefl only two men were kilted, and three wounded. The enemy three killed; the captain, two lieutenants and fix men wounded. On the 16th of March, Rear admiral Duckworth failed from Martinico, with a fquadron of , fhips of war and fome tranfports, having on board a body of 1500 troops under the command of. Lieutenant General Trigge, for the pur pofe of attacking and taking poffeffion Of the Neutral iflands. t . Variable winds and calms prevented the fleet getting off St. Bartholomew till the 20th, on which morning they ' reached Grand Sahrie Bay ; immediately every arrangement Commanders. George Radelet. J. Raybeaux. Haymend, was * Ships. Guns. La Curieufe - 18 La Mutine - 16 L'Efperance - 11 Men. 168 15O 5* t Appendix, Chip. II.No. 425. Rr 2 6l2 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. was made for difembarking the troops, and proceeding to *8oi tne attack; previous to which the General and Admiral to prevent delay," deemed it expedient lo fend Brigadier Ge neral Fuller, and Captain King of the Leviathan, with the " following Summons to the Governor. " By Lieut. General T.«Tfigge,and Rear Admiral John Thomas Duckworth, commanders in chief of. his Bri tannic Majefty's land and fea forces, employed at the Windward and Leeward Iflands, '&c. &c. " The King our mafter, having viewed with the deep- eft concern, the unjuft combination lately entered into be tween the Courts of Sweden, Denmark, and Ruflia, to fupport the principles of an armed neutrality, contrary ,to the law of nations and the ppfitive Stipulation of treaties; his Majefty, therefore, feels himfelf called upon to adopt fuch meafures, as a conduct fo hoftile to the juft and antient privileges of the Britifh flag requires, on his part, for the maintenance and prefervation of- the beft .rights of his peo ple, and in fupport of the moft folemn treaties, thereby violated, and to confider, though with the greateft reluc tance, thofe courts as enemies of Great Britain. " Feeling that refiftance on your part, would only tend to increafe the calamities of war, which it is our moft earneft defire to alleviate ; we have Sent this Summons by Brigadier General Fuller, oS the land forces, and Captain King, of the royal navy, requiring you to furrender the ifland of St. Bartholomew, together with all fhips and vef fels, ftores aqd public property of every defcription. , «* Knowing how ardently it is the defire of our Royal- . Mafter to avert the Sufferings of individuals,, and it being no lefs our own difpbfition and'wifh to Soften their diftreffes, we take this opportunity to declare that the private pro perty of the inhabitants will be refpedted', as well as what* ever belongs to the fubjects of the United States of Ame rica, and in cafe of immediate fubmiffion, that the laws, . cuftoms, and religious ufages of the ifland, fhall not be in* fringed, " - Dated on board his Majefty's" Ship Leviathan;, this 20th Day of March, 1801. (Signed) " Thomas Trigge, Lieut. General, J. T. Duckworth, Rear Admiral." *' His Excellency the Governor of St. Bartholomew." ' A letter , NAVAL CHRONOLOGY^ 6l3 A letter was fent at the fame time to the American A.D. .merchants refident on the ifland, cautioning them not to l%Ql claim any of the property which ought by right to be for feited to the crown of Great Britain. After fome little hefitatioh; the fummons was accepted by the governor, and the ifland capitulated. On the 2jdand 24th, the rear admiral was joined by the Profelyte and Coromandel, with a reinforcement of troops, when it was determined by the -general and admiral to pro ceed to the reduction of St. Martin's. At day-light on the 24th, they arrived off this ifland, and Sent a Similar fummons to the governor to that of St. Bartholomew, to which a refufal being returned, a landing was inftantly effected by a body of 3500 troops, under the command of Brigadier Generals Maitland and Fuller, affifted by a detachment of 200 fea men, commanded by" Captain Ekins, of the Amphitrite, covered by the Profelyte and Drake brig. The heights in the approach to the town of Philipfbourg were carried after a fmart fkirmifh, i/i which the enemy loft two field pieces, and 50 or 60 killed -and wounded. The enemy, con* vinced that all oppofition would be vain, and"muft lead to destruction, accepted a verbal fummons fent in by Briga dier General Maitland. The terms of capitulation were accordingly figned and exchanged by midnight. The commanders in chief having left a fufficient force for the fecurity and protection of this ifland, failed to pro- fecute the further object of the expedition. On the ^8th, the ifland of St. Thomas, St. John's, and their dependencies, fubmitted to the Britifh arms ; and on the 3 ift, the ifland of Santa Cruz followed their exam ple.* ' On the 16th of April the French garrifon evacuated St. Euftatia, which, with the ifland of Saba, were taken poffeffion of by Captain Perkins, of the Arab, and Mr. Thompfon, Prefident of the ifland of St. Christopher's. On the 22d of June, the Intrepid letter of marque be longing to Liverpool, commanded by Mr. John Pettigrew, in company with two others, on their- paffage to the Weft- Indies, fell in with, aiid after a running fight of two * Onthe6thoFJune, Lieutenant General Trisjge and Rear Admi ral Duckworth, were nominated Knights ofthe Ijjath. ¦k R r 3 hours. 614 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A. D. hours, captured a Spanifh frigate built Ship, Ef Galga, 1%01 mounting 24 fix pounders, and 78 men, from Rio de Plata, bound to Cadiz with a valuable cargo. The In trepid had one man only, killed. On the 16th of Auguft, Captain S. Butcher,. in the Guachapin brig of 16 guns; fell, in with, between St. Lucia and Martinico, and after a brifk action captured El Terefa Spanifh letter of marque, mounting 18 brafs guns, 32 and 12 pounders, with 120 men. The Guachapin had three men killed and three wounded. JAMAICA.* Nothing of any importance occurred on this ftation, ex cepting the death of Vice Admiral Lord Hugh Seymour, by which the naval fervice loft a moft excellent and active officer, and thofe who knew 'him, a much efleemed and valuable friend. On the gth of July, , Captain Quinton, his officers and Crew, were acquitted by a court-martial for the lofs of his Majefty's fhip La Legere, which having fprung a leak, Captain Quinton was obliged to run a-fhore near Cartha gena, to preferve the lives of his people. On the night of the 10th of Auguft, Captain Plampin, in the Loweftoffe, having charge of the homeward bound Jamaica fleet, run afoore on the N. E. end of Heneager; ' fome of the convoy alfo fhared the fame fate ; the crews of all the veffels were faved. The trade proceeded on their, voyage with the Acafta and ifonetta. On the 3d of September, Captain Plampin was tried by a court-martial on board the Abergavenny in Port.Royal harbour, for the lofs of his' Majefty's late Ship Loweftoffe; when it appeared on the cleared evidence, that the conduct of Captain Plampin was judicious in every refpect ; and , that but for the fudden change of the' current after dark, the whole of the convoy would have proceeded in fafety through the Paffage. The Court therefore, after mature confideration, fully acquitted Captain Plampin, his.offi- cers, and Ship's, cornpany, of all blame in refpect" to the lofs of the Loweftoffe,' or the Ships under convoy. * Appendix, Chap. II, No. 4Z6., .da NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 6l5 On the i6fh, Vice Admiral Lord Hugh Seymour died A.D. on board the Tifiphone at fea; his. lordfhip's rerhains ^ol were brought home in the Sting fchooner. The command of his Majefty's fquadron on this Station devolved on Rear Admiral Robert Montagu. On the 13th, the Lark Sloop ©f war, commanded by Lieutenant J. Johnftone, being on a cruize off the ifland of Cuba, gave chace to an armed fchooner, which at dark took Shelter within the Portillo reefs. The yawl and cutter ofthe Lark were inftantly difpatched with 16 men in each, commanded by Lieutenant Pafley, to bring her out, which fervice they performed in a moft intrepid and gallant manner, although the privateer was prepared for their re ception, and difcharged a moft furious volley of grape and fmall fhot on the approach of the boats. She proved to be the Efperance, mounting one nine- pounder and two four-pounders, with 45 men, 21 of whom were killed, amongft whom were the captain and all the officers ; wounded fix. In the Lark's boats, one- man killed ; Mr. M'Cloud, midfhipman, and twelve wounded, COAST OF AFRICA. On the 3d of January, Sir Charles Hamilton, of the Melpomene, being off the bar of the Senegal river, ob ferved a brig corvette and armed fchooner at anchor within it: -conceiving it poffible to carry thefe veffels by forprife, and by thefe means poffefs himfelf of the battery at its en trance, at nine P. M. detached Lieutenant Dick, with 96 officers and men, from the Melpomene and African corps, in five boats, , to make the attempt. They were fortunate enough to pafs the heavy furf on the bar with the flood tide, without accident, and unobferved by the battery ; on approaching within hail of the brig, the alarm was given, and fhe difcharged her two bow guns with fuch effect, that Lieutenant Palmer, with feven feamen, were killed, and two of the boats funk. Notwithftanding this unfortunate difafter, they gallantly boarded and carried the brig, after an obftinate defence of twenty minutes ; the fchooner cut her cable and run. under the batteries, which kept up an inceffant fire on the boats. Lieutenant Dick having loft two of his beft boats, and many of his moft able men killed and wounded, judged any further attempts fruitlefs; he R r 4 therefore 6l6 ' NAVAL CHRONOLOGY." A.D. therefore endeavoured to bring off his prize, but the ebb 1^01. tide having made, and being totally unacquainted with the navigation, fhe took the ground. Finding.it impoffible to get her off, he took to the boats, and with much rifk crofted tbe bar through a tremendous furf, and' amidft a Shower of grape fhot and mufketry from the batteries. , The, lofs Suftained on this fervice was confiderable; Lieutenant Palmer, of the navy.; Lieutenant Vyvian, of the marines ; one midfhipman and eight men killed :, Lieu tenant Chriflie, of the African corps, one matter's mate, furgeon's mate, and 15 men wounded. The brig was totally deftroyed : fhe was named the Senegal, belonging to the Republic, mounting 18 guns and 60 men. , Colorfel Frafer, who commanded the forces on the coaft pf Africa, having received information that it was the in tention of the French to equip a large Spanifh fhip which they were delivering of her cargo at 'Senegal, for the pur pofe of attacking the Britifh fettlements on' the coaft and at Sierra Leona ; to counteract, this project of the enemy, Colonel Frafer ordered Captain Lloyd, with a detachment of forty men, a few feamen from the merchant veffels lying at Goree, and fome blacks, to proceed in the government fchooner, and endeavour to either take by furprize or deftroy the enemy's force at Senegal. On the, 1 2th of June the fchooner arrived off the bar, and difcovered a large fhip about two miles from it, whofe crew, onrthe fchooner's approach, took to their boats and rowed -a-fhore. Upon boarding her, fhe was found to be a new Spanifh fhip, pierced for 30 guns ; but being unloaded, Stripped of her Sails, rigging, &c. it was found impracticable to bring her off, She was therefore fet on Sire and confumed. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.* The fquadronunder Vice Admiral Sir Roger Curtis, was extremely active and vigilant in watching the motions ofthe enemy's armed veffels -at the Mauritius, and the different , ftations allotted them. No opportunity offered of any con fequence by which the cruizers could distinguish their bra very and zeal. The only one deServing of notice, was performed by the Chance private fhip of warJitted out at * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 427. the NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 6l7 the Cape, of which the following is the account given to A.D. Sir Roger Curtis, by Mr. William White, her com- l8or mander. " At four P. M. on the 19th of Auguft, the ifland St. Laurence bearing N. E. two leagues, faw a large fhip bearing down towards us ; at nine brought her to clofe action, and engaged her within half piftol foot for an hour and a half ; but finding her metal much heavier than ours, and full of men, boarded her on the flarboard quarter, lathing the Chance's bowfprit to her mizen-maft, and, after adefperate refiftance of three quarters of an hour, beat them off the upper deck; but they ftill defended from the cabin and lower deck with long pikes, in a moft gallant manner, till they had twenty-five men killed, and twenty- eight wounded, of whom the captain was one ; getting final poffeffion, fhe was fo clofe to the ifland, that with , much difficulty we got her off fhore, all her braces and rigging being cut to pieces by our grape fhot. She proved to be tHe new Spanifh fhip Amiable Maria, of about 600 tons, mounting 14 guns, 18 twelve and nine pounders, brafs, and carrying 120" men, from Conception, bound to Lima, laden with corn, wine, bale goods, &c. On this occafion I am much, concerned to ftate, Mr. Bennett, a very valuable and brave officer, was fo dangeroufly wound ed, that he died three days after the action ; the fecond and fourth mates, marine officer, and two feamen badly wounded by pikes, but fince recovered. On the 20th, both .Ships being much difabled, and having more pri foners than crew, I flood clofe in and fent 86 on fhore in the large fhip's launch to Lima : we afterwards learned that 17 of the wounded had died. At four A.M. on the 24th of September, Handing in to cut out from the roads of Pana, in Guiagnill Bay, a fhip that I had information of, mounting 22 guns, fell in with a large Spanifh brig with a "broad pendant at her main-top- maft head: at five She commenced her fire on us, but foe being at a diftance to windward, and defirous to bring her to clofe action, we received three broadfides before afoot was returned. At half paft five, being yard-arm and yard- arm, commenced our fire with great effect ; and after a very fevere action of two hours and three quarters, during the latter part fhe made every- effort to get away, I had the honour to fee the Spanifh flag ftruck to the Chance. She proved (3l8 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY* A.D. proved to be the Spanifh man of war brig Limano, 1801 mounting 18 long fix pound guns, commanded by Com modore Don Philip de Martinez, the feniot officer ofthe Spanifh marine on that coaft, and manned with, 140 men, fent from Guiagnill, for the. exprefs purpofe of taking the Chance, and then to. proceed to the northward to take three ' Englifh whalers laying in one of their ports: fhe had 14 men killed, and feven wounded ; the captain mortally wounded, who died two days after the action. The Chance had two men killed, and one wounded,' and had only fifty men at the commencement ofthe action, mount ing 16 guns, twelve and fix pounders. EAST INDIES.* Vice Admiral Rainier ftill continued to command on this ftation. The enemy not having any force excepting two or three frigates at the Mauritius, and fome fmall privateers, the fquadron was ftationed So as to give every neceffary protection to the China and India trade. About half paft eight on the morning ofthe 19th of ' Auguft, the Sybille frigate, Captain Charles Adams, being off the Seychelles, obferved fignals flying on one of 1 the iflands; upon which he hoifted French colours, and Stood round the ifland, when he difcovered a large French frigate at anchor in the roads, the paffage to which was ex- ' tremely intricate, formed by many dangerous fhoals.' Cap tain Adams, at all hazards, was refolved toftandin and at tack her; for this purpofe he made every neceffary prepara tion, and fleered in by the pilotage of a man placed at the maft-head to look out for fhoal water. At ten the enemy fired a Shot and hoifted her colours; in a quarter of an hour after Captain Adams having paffed the moft dangerous • ' Shoals, and got within a cable's length of his opponent, which wa's as clofe as the depth of water would admit, came to an anchor with a fprin'g on her cable, hoifted Eng- ' lifh colours, and at twenty-five minutes paft ten com menced a Smart fire, which was inftantly returned by the frigate, and from a raking battery on the fhore, con structed by the frigate's people, and mounted vyith four eight* pounders, from whence red hot Shot was frequently fired. After a fevere contefl of about. 20 minutes the enemy ftruck * Appendix, Chap. II. No. 418. ' his NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. ,6l(} his colours. She proved to be La Chifforne, mounting 28 A.D- twelve pounders on the main deck, fix eight pounders, and 18or four 36 pound carronades on the quarter-deck, and 4 eight pounders on the forecaftle, commanded by M. Guieyffet, with a complement of 250 men, 23 of whom were. killed, 30 wounded, and feveral efcaped on fhore. The Sybille had only two killed, and a midfhipman wounded.*'" La Chifforne had failed from Nantz on the 14th of April, for the purpofe of landing thirty-two perfons on the , Seychelles, who had been fufpedted of being concerned in an attempt on the life of the firft Conful of the French ¦ Republic. Being quite a new frigate, and completetely equipped, , Admiral Rainier purchafed her into the fervice. * Captain Adams was prefented with an elegant fword, value 200 ' guineas, by the Madras Infurance Company. An 27,2l8 ,J7 1 21,281' »9 if 2*614 12 4 7.576 .2 a 52,609 10 10 38.436 8 3 17*698 4 5 ^l 11 3 667 16 0 640 0 0 9,000 0 0 620 NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. A.D. -An Account, of the Money which has. been raifed by Volute 1 801 tary Subferiptions during the late] War, for the benefit of the -Wounded Officers, Seamen, Marines, and Soldiers, and for the Widows and Families of jmh\ as have Jea killed in battle. ' Date, For what fervice. Money raifed. ' Feb. 16, 1793. General, at Crown and Anchor, Strand. June t; 1794. Lord Howe's adtion Feb. 14, 1797. Earl St. Vincent's ditto, June, 1797. ¦ " Mutiny at the Nore, - Oct)- 11, 1797. Vif. Duncan's action, Auguft 1, 1798. Lord Nelfon?s ditto, Autumn, 1799. Expedition to Holland, . April 2, 1801. Attack at Copenhagen J y5 3> L Sir 7. Saumarez's actions 1001. J J Auguft, 1 80 1. -Attack of Boulogne October, 180 1. Expedition to Egypt Total, £193,331 x 7 Exclufive of a fobfcription made by the Weft-India J| Merchants and Planters, for the benefit of the families of the feamen, marines apd foldiers who Should either he killed in battle, or fall a facrifice to the climate. A moft liberal fobfcription was alfomade'to furnifh the troops on the Continent with warm clothing. Some of the refolutions entered into by the Committee for the fobfcription ro Lord Duncan's victory, fully evince. that-no trouble has been Spared to difcover and relieve, to < the greateft extent, fuch objects, foreigners as well as Bri tifh, who were entitled to their bounty. The following are abftradts taken from the faid refolu- . tions, which claim public notice. " Out of one thoufand and forty cafes, returned to the , Committee as killed or wounded in this gallant engage* ¦ ment, they have happily, with the exception of thirty-fix1 cafes,* found out, and- given gratuities or annuities to all- the parties, or their families and relatives, exclufively of t twenty-two who' have loft °73 *5 ° Advertisements - ' - 891 13 0 Poftage of letters, printing, ftationary, and petty expences - - 266 18 5 1 St. Thomas's Hofpital, for the reception and care of wounded men - ' - 100 o 0 Committee-rooms, fecretary, and affiftants, '1 for four years - - 1 162 14 7 Voted 100 guineas to J, Bedingfield, Efq. Infpedtor, Navy Pay-Office, for ufeful communications; but, the acceptance of 1 the fame having been' declined, this fum has been prefented to the. Merchant's Sea man's Office, the Marine Society, and the Naval Afylum - - 105 0 0 RECOMMENDED, To the Merchant's Seamen Office .-, 210 o 0 Marine Society - - ;-» 210 o 0 Naval Afylum - - 210 o P 52,230 1 0 Balance in hand - 379 9_i° £ 53,609 10 ™ ~ "" Return NAVAL CHRONOLOGY. 023 1 Return of Killed and Wounded. A,. D. From the, returns made foon after the action it appears, that 515 had returned upon duty. 16 died of their wounds on-board, or inhofpitajs. 171 were difcharged. 22 run away, or were not found to be wounded. 71 were without any fpecific return, but moft ofthe officers and feamen have been on duty and re lieved. ' 795 17 additional returns fince received and relieved. 812 wounded. 228 killed. 1040 Total. Out of the 171 difcharged, a great number, that have been relieved, have /fince been turned over to, or have been found feiving on board different fhips of war. FINIS. 62: SUPPLEMENT. Particulars relative to the Blockade of Malta. OA.D. Nthe 13th of Odober, Captain Alexander John Ball 1'9* relieved the Marquis de Niza*, at the blockade of Malta. Soon after Lord Nelfon arrived, and, upon the furrender of Gozo, his lordfhip failed, leaving Captain Ball, with the Alexander, Audacious, Goliath, and feveral other Smaller veffels of war, to prevent fuccours being fent to the French, f In March, 1,799, foe Maltefe in the country began to 1799 divide into parties, and were destroying each other. The people were plundering the country, imprifoning and put ting to death refpedtable men without trial. Thefe outrages had fo violent an effect on the mind of their chief that he loft his fehfes. > The anafchy which prevailed throughout the country, created great alarm on foe minds of the inhabitants, who were indite'ed, at this critical period, to Solicit Captain Ball to land, and take upon himfelf the civil and military command of the ifland, With which he complied; and Succeeded fo much to their Satisfaction, that they fent a deputation to his Sicilian Majefty and Admiral Lord Nelfon, to requeft Cap tain Ball might be appointed governor, to which they ac ceded. In June, about 300 marines were landed from the Ships of war commanded by Major Weir, who acquitted them felves with great credit. Major Weir was afterwards ap pointed to the command of a Maltefe regiment,, raifed for two" years, which he brought into a State' of difcipline which procured him the thanks and approbation of the generals who infpedted them. On the 9th of December, Commodore Sir Thomas Troubridge arrived and took the command of the blockad- * See page 142. t Seepage 154. Voi. III. S s ing 626 SUPPLEMENT. ing fquadron, in which fituation he acquitted himfelf with that zeal and abilities which he had difplayed on many for-, mer occafions. ^ A.D. In May, 1800, he was ordered to England,' to fill the 1 800 important ftation of .captain of the channel 'fleet, under Earl St. Vincent. - ; Captain George Martin, being the next fenior officer, fucceeded to command the fquadron to the time of the furrender of the ifland. Captain Ball remained on fhore in his former capacity, until he was appointed naval commif fioner at Gibraltar. A Lift ofthe Britifh Ships employed at different Periods at the Blockade of Malta, arranged according to the Time tbeyi were longeft there. Ships. Alexander Audacious Goliath Culloden J., Lion r,j j Stately Minotaur Foudroyant Genereux Strombole (B. S.) Succefs / Princefs Charlotte Santa Terefa Emerald Minerva Incendiary (F. S.} Bonne Citoyenne Guns. li 74 74 74 64 647480 74 8 32 40 ' 4o 36 40 14 20 Commanders. Capt. A. J. Ball ¦ D. Gould ¦ T. Foley Sir T. Troubridge . ¦ ,. Manly Dixon ¦¦ Geo. Scott T. Lewis {Rear Adm. Lord Nelfon, Capt. Sir Edw. Berry , . J. Broughton- S. Peard J. Stevenfort . H. Downmart T. M. Waller G. Cockburne S. Dunn F. J. Maling Letters SUPPLEMENT. 627 Letlersfrom Captain Sir William Sidney Smith to Admiral g0I" Lord Keith, giving an Account of the Services performed by the Navy Battalion under his Command, ailing with the Army on Shore. " Britifh Camp, on the- Heights, thref miles frovi Alexandria, 14th March, ¦ 1801. K My Lord, " IT would be Superfluous for me to relate to your lordfhip the admirable manner in which the officers and men you ^appointed me to command went into action with me, on the day of the difembarkatioh, as you were yourfelf a witnefs ofthe gallant and judicious conduct of Captains Maitland and -Stewart, in covering the flanks of the line with the-armed launches; and muft, as well as myfelf, have admired the bravery, activity, and perfeve- rance of Captains Riboufeau, Guion, Saville, Burn, and Hillyar, together with that of the officers and feamen under their, orders; by whofe unparalleled exertions the cannon were difembafked at the fame moment with the troops, and moved forward with them in action. If I were to fay any thing particular in praife of Lieutenants Prevoft, Hillier, Campbell, and Fifher, who were neareft me, and con ducted themfelves to my. entire fatisfadtion, it would be ihjufiice to Lieutenants Cameron, Davis, and Stoddart, who,, though hidden from my view by the intervening fand hills, muft have been equally well, and as fuccefsfully em ployed |n other parts of the line, the refult having been fo completely Satisfactory to Sir Ralph Abercromby, as to induce him to extend the moft unequivocal praife to thp whole'of the naval officers and men, as well afloat as on fhore; faying, that without our exertions' he could not have brought his brave troops into action as he did. The deter mined courage of this gallant army in the clofe contefl they had to maintain with the enemy on the beach, at the critical time of forming, fecured the victory to us on that day ; and it is with heart-felt fatisfadtion that I have now to con gratulate your lordfhip on the brilliant fuccefs of the army yefter-day. If we admired their cool orderly conduct, and determined bravery on the 8th, how much more muft we be ftruck" with thofe charadteriftic qualities in the fuperior degree" wherein they were difolayed on this occafion ; the -Ss J troops 628 SUPPLEMENT. A- D- troops marched into battle, and forced foe enemy's Strong 1 0I' pofiti6n on foe heights, between foe. head of the lake Ma- hadic and the fea, with the fame regularity and eafe that exercife, on an ordinary field day, is performed, in Spite of an oppofition, which is reckoned more Strenuous than any the troops have met with before from the enemy in other (Countries ; it would not become me to attempt defcribing the manoeuvres by Which this victory was obtained; it is incumbent on me, however, .to make known to your lord- Ship, that the Commander in Chief has again been pleafed tq exprefs his approbation of the exertions of the, feamen and their officers ; and I am happy in being able to teftify foat their conduct was, if poffible, more praife-worthy than on the day of difembarkation, trie labour they had "to go through was confiderably greater, and the fire they hai to undergo in the p^ffive employment of dragging up cannon for more able gunners to fire, was rrruch more heavy, and of longer duration. It is impoffible to diftinguifh any par ticular officer, where all behaved equally well, each doing his utmoft to keep the guns up with, foe line; which was, of courSe, difficult in fandy uneven, ground,, when the troops preffed forward in their eager approach tO) and ardent pur fuit of, the enemy. The great anxiety and laudable efforts of Lieutenants Fifher and Davies, with petty officers and men, at the Swiftfure's and Northumberland's field pieces, at a. moft, trying moment, enabled them to recover their ftation in the^ line, which they had loft only by the impos sibility of keeping up with the troops : Such Service, under a heavy fire of grape and mufquetryr could not be performed without fofs; that of the, Tigre's men has been the greateft; but Lieutenant Hillier informs me, the remaindet re doubled their exertions, and brought the guns; on moft op portunely, at the moment the 90th repulfed a charge of cavalry. Captain Ribouleau, the fenior commander, ex- cned himfelf in the moft praife-worthy manner, along the whole line on Shore, together with Captains Guion, Sa- ville, and Burn, each in his divifion: Captain Hillyar kept the enemy in check, on the left, by the occafional fire of the armed flat boats on the lake, and the troops ori that flank feem fenfible of their utility, in, preventing the ene my's numerous cavalry Srom, attempting to turn them where the ifthmus widens into a plafoi Lieutenant Woodr houfei of the Foudroyantj (a volunteer, on the ground) very SUPPLEMENTi 62Q very handfomely offered his fervice to fupply the place of A-D. Lieutenant Wright, who was actively employed near Sir l8°l Ralph Abercromby, and undertook to convey my orders along the line on footj which Was particularly acceptable and ufeful, at a time when my orderly dragoon Was wound ed, and both oUr horfes difabled by a difcharge of grape ; I have to requeft your lordfhip, to exeufe,his delay in re turning to his duty on board, as I undertook to juftify his flay in the field. We are nbw on the heights at the head of the lake Mahadic, with our left to the canal of Alexan dria, and our right to the fea; the enemy occupy a very Strong pofition on the ridge immediately between us and the RoSettagate of Alexandria. I Have made art exeurfion, with a few dragoons, on the road to Demanhour, to open an intercourfe with the Arabs; I find them friendly, and the markets begin fo be fupplied. We are all much indebted to Captain Cdchrane, and the officers under himj for the ample fupplies of ammunition and' provifions whieh he has forwarded to the- army by the lake; the boats crews of , the whole fleet have been indefatigable in this important fervice. Eleven French boats^ feized on the enemy's right by Lieutenant Wright, have been likewife employed there in, under Captain Hillyar, aiid alfo in conveying the wounded, both Englifh and French, to the hofpital, fb that none remained the night on the field of battle. The Gorn-^ mander in Chief expreffes himfelf very grateful to the navy for their humane exertions on this occafion, and I am happy, in obfervirig, that both fervices feem fenfible of the fupport they .mutually give each other in the operations, fo that the utmoft harmony prevails. u I have, &c. (Signed) " W. Sidney, Smith." Admiral Lord Kiith^ K. S. &c. &c. isfc. CaMp, 22dMarchi iSor. " My Lord, , , « THE menaced attack of our whofe line, as announced by the friendly Arab, whofe letter I tranfmitted to the Cofnmandet in Chief, and to your lord- .Ship, took place juft before ddy-light yefterday morning. The army was under arms to receive the enemy; the fame S s 3. order* 630 SUPPLEMENT. AD. order, lteadinefs, and courage which gave victory, to ont; 1801 excellent army on the two former occafions, has again given us a moft complete one. The enemy have been repulfed with great lots, fuch as ought to make General Menou, who commanded in perfon, refpect our troops too rhuch to rifk a fecond attempt of the kind; at all events, we are prepared to receive him. I was in too much pain' to enter into any details in writing laft night, having re ceived a violent contufion from a mufket ball, which glanced on my right Shoulder : the pain has fubfided, and I am enabled, by the furgeon's report, to fay, that if the fever does not increafe, 1 may ftill continue my duty, which I am particularly anxious to do at this crifis of our affairs, when either another battle, or a happy iffue to the negociation your lordfhip has been pleafed to authoriSe me to enter into in your, name, conjointly with Sir Ralph Aber- ' cromby, muft bring them to a Speedy conclufidn. I am apprehenfive left matters Should -be delayed by the' abfence -of that excellent man, .the wounds he has received having been found to be Worfe than he would at firft admit ;' I met with him in the field, in a moft perilous fituation, fur- rounded by French dragoons, with the fword of their com manding officer in his hand, whicljhe had wrefted from him, after having received a thruft, which, glanced 011 his breaft; I gave his excellency my horfe of Courfe. General Stewart's brigade "brought down moft ofthe French horfemen Singly, who were coming back through the interval in bur line, and making off, having been roughly handled by the 42d . regiment. The Swiftfure's feamen fecured me a horfe among thofe of the French dragoons ; the pufh, was' a moft defperate one on the part of the enemy, but General Moore's brigade, as ufual, found itfelf equal to bearing the brunt of it. Enclofed are a feries of letters from General Menou, and the chief of the Frehch"ftatt,~toi General Roiti, together with the general orders for the attack, found on the field qf battle, which prove that the enemy had affembled all the force they could " fpare from the defence of Cairo (particularly cavalry) in order to make a.decifive action of" this ; they have bought the experience of their inferiority dearly. Our pofition was precifely the fame as that. we drove them from on the 13th., I cannot conclude without expreffing my approbation of the manner in which Captain Maitland executed the orders I gave him, to place r hirri- •"^SUPPLEMENT. 631 himfelf with his armed veffels on the fea-fide fo a? to flank the A. D. front of our redoubt on the right, the attack on" which was l8or Confiderably checked, when his fire opened on the enemy's left wing, the attack bn our left having been a mere feint. Captain Hillyar, who commanded the armed flat boats on the lake„ had no opportunity of renewing his exertions on that fide. Captain Ribouleau, the captains, officers, and .feamen attached to the field pieces in the line, behaved with their ufual energy and bravery ; they have been in defatigable in the execution of all the arduous duties re quired of them, and merit your Lordfhip's approbation. The weight of the attack bearing on the right, 'Captain Guion, Lieutenant Davies, &c. and thofe on that wing had the greateft opportunity of diftinguifhing themfelves. The Turkifh marines are landing, and -the native^ come in, both naturally look to the perfon who has been fo long invefted with authority from their fovereign, and the re-opening of the market has been the firft good effect of this victory. The prefervation of harmony, good order, and the due admiration, of juftice occupy me at prefent. f I have the honour to be, &c. ( " Signed) W. Sidney Smith." 'Admiral Lord Keith, K. B. fcfc. isfc. &c. The' Definitive Treaty of Peace, between his ^oz Britannic Majefty, and the French R,epublic, his Catho lic Majefty, the Batavian Republic. Signed at Amiens, the 2Jth day of March, 1802. " His Majefty the King of" the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Firft Conful of the French Republic, in the name of the French People, being animated with an equal defire to put an end to the calamities of war, have laid the foundation of peace in the -Preliminary Articles figned at London, the firft of October, one thoufand eight hundred and one (Ninth Vendemaire, Year Ten.) " And as by the fifteenth article of the faid preliminaries, it-has been Stipulated that Plenipotentiaries fhould be named, pn each fide, who fhould proceed to Amiens for the pur pofe Of concluding a Definitive Treaty, in concert with the allies ofthe contracting powers ; ' "His Majefty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland has named for his Plenipoten- S s 4 tiary 032 SUPPLEMENT. A D. tiary the Marquis Cornwallis, Knight of the Moft rlluf* *8oz trious Order ofthe Garter, Privy Counfellor to his Ma- jefty, General of his Armies^c. ; the Firft Conful ofthe French Republic, in the name of the French People, fhe Citizen Jofeph Bonaparte, Counfellor of State ; his Ma* jefty the King of Spain and ofthe Indies, and the Govern. ment of the BatavranJRepublic, have named for their Pleni potentiaries, viz. his Catholic Majefty Don Jofeph Nicolas de Azara, his Counfellor of State, Knight, Great Crofs of the Order of Charles III. his faid Majefty's Ambaffador Extraordinary to the French Republic, &c. and the Go vernment of the Batavian Republic Roger John Schim- melpenninck, their Ambaffador Extraordinary to the French Republic ; who, after having duly communi cated to each other their full powers, which are tranfcribed at the end of the prefent Treaty, have agreed upon the fol lowing articles : " Art. I. There fhall be peace, friendfoip, and good underftanding between his Majefty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, his heirs and fee ceffors, on the one paft ; and the French Republic, his Majefty the King of Spain, his heirs and fucceffors, and the Batavian Republic, on the other part. The contract-' , ing parties fhall give the greateft attention to maintain be tween themtelves. and their States a perfect harmony, and without allowing, on either fide, any kind of. hostilities, by fea or by land, to be committed for any caufe or under any pretende whatfoever. " They Shall carefully avoid every thing which might- hereafter affect the union happily re-eftablifhed, and they' Shall not afford any affiftance or protection, directly or in directly, to thofe who fhould caufe prejudice to any of them. " Art. II. AH the prifoners taken on either fide, as well by land as by fea, and the hoftages carried away of given during the wa>, and to this day, fhall be reftored; without rartfom, in fix weeks at lateft, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the Ratifications of this prefent Treaty, and on paying the debts which they have contracted during their captivity. Each contracting party Shall refpedtively difcharge the advances which have been made by any of the contracting parties for the fubfiftence and maintenance ofthe prifoners in the country where they have been detained. For this purpofe a commiffion fhall be SUPPLEMENT. 633 be appointed by agreement, which fhall be. Specially A.D, charged to afcertain and regulate the compenfation which 180* may be due to either ofthe contracting powers. The time and place where the commiffioners, who fhall be charged with the execution of this article, fhall affemble, fhall alio be fixed upon by agreement ; and the faid commiffioners Shall take into account the expences occafioned not only by the prifoners of the refpettive nations, but alfo by the fo reign tropps who, before they were made prifoners, were in the pay or at the difpofal of any ofthe contracting parties. " Art. III. His Britannic Majefty reftores to the French Republic, and her allies; namely, his Catholic Majefty and the Batavian Republic, all the poffeffions and colonies which belonged to them refpectively, and which had heen occupied or conquered by the Britifh forces in the- courfe of the war, with the exception of the ifland of Tri nidad, and the Dutch poffeffions in the ifland of Ceylon. " Art. IV. His Catholic Majefty cedes and guaran tees in full right and fovereignty to his Britannic Majefty the ifland of Trinidad. " Art. V. The Batavian Republic cedes and guaran* tees in full right and fovereignty to his Britannic Majefty all the poffeffions and eftablifhments in the ifland of Ceylon, which belonged, before the war, to the Republic of the United Provinces, or to their Eaft-India Company. " Aet. VI. The Cape of Good Hope remains in full fovereignty to the Batavian Republic, as it was before the war. " The fhips of every defcription belonging to the other contracting parties fhall have the right lo put in there, and to purchafe fuch fupplies as they may Hand in need of as heretofore, without paying 'any other duties than thofe to which the fhips of the Batavian Republic are fobjected^ " Art. VII. The territories and poffeffions of her moft Faithful Majefty are maintained in their integrity, fuch as they were previous to the commencement of the war. " Neverthelefs, the limits of French and Portuguefe Guiana fhall be determined by the river Arawari, which falls into the ocean below the North Cape, near the Ifle Neuve, and the Ifland of Penitence, about a degree and one-third of north latitude. Thefe limits fhall follow the • courfe of the river Arawari, from that of its mouths, which is at the greateft diftance from foe North Cape to its Source, and thence in a direct line from its, Source to the fJ34 * SUPPLEMENT. A.D. the river Branco, towards the Weft. The northern bank 1S02 0f the river Arawari, from its mouth to its fources, and the lands Which are fituated to the north ofthe line of the limits above fixed, Shall confequently belong in full fovereignty to the French Republic. The Southern bank 'ofthe faid river from its fource, and all the lands to the fouthward of the faid line of demarkation, Shall belong to her moft Faithful Majefty. The navigation of the river Arawari fhall be common to both nations. " The arrangements which have taken place between the Courts of Madrid and of Lifbon, for the fettlementof their frontiers in Europe, foall, however, be executed conformably fo the treaty of Badajoz. . " Art. VIII. The territories, poffeffions, and rights ofthe Ottoman Porte, are hereby,maintained in their inte grity, fuch as ihey were previous to the war. " .Art. IX. The Republic of the Seven Iflands is hereby acknowledged. , " Art. X. The iflands of Malta, Gozo, and Comino, Shall be reftored to the Order ot St. John of Jerufalem, and Shall be held by it upon the fame conditions on which the Order held them previous tq the war, and under the follow* ing ftipulations :' " 1. The Knights of the Order, whofe Langues fhall continue to fubfift after the exchange of fhe Ratifications of the prefent Treaty, are invited to return to Malta as foon as that exchange foall have taken place. They fhall there form a general chapter, arid fhall proceed to the election of a Grand Mafter, to be chofen frorh, amongft the natives of thofe nations which preferve Langues, if no fuch election Shall have been already made fince the exchange of the Rati fications ofthe Preliminary Articles of Peace. It is" under- Stood that an election which. foall have been made SubSeT .querit to that period, fhall alone be confidered as valid, to the exclufion of every other which fhall have taken place at any time previous to the Said period, " 2. The Governments of Great Britain and of the French Republic, being defirous of placing the Order of Saint John, and the ifland of Malta, in a" ftate of entire independence on each of thofe powers, do agree, that there foall be henceforth no Englifo nor French Langues ; and that no individual belonging to either of the. faid powers, foall be admiffible into the Order. " 3- A SUPPLEMENT. 635, i' 3. A Maltefe Langue fhall be" eftablifhed, to be fop- " AD. ported out of the land revenues and commercial duties of '8f* the ifland. There foall be* dignities, with appointments, and an Auberge appropriated to this Langue ; no proofs of nobility fhall be neceffary for the admiffion of Knights into the faid Langue ; they fhall be competent to hold every office, and to enjoy every privilege in the like manner as the Knights of the other Langues. The municipal, revenue, civil, judicial, and other offices under the government of 'the Ifland, fhall be filled, at leaft in the proportion of one half, by '"native inhabitants of Malta, Gozo, and Co- mino. " 4. The forces of his Britannic Majefty foaireva- cuate the ifland and its dependencies within three months after the exchange of the Ratifications, or fooner if it can be done : at that period the ifland Shall be delivered up to the Order in the ftate in which it now is, provided that the Grand Mafter. or Commiffioners, fully s empowered ac cording to the Statutes of the Order, be upon the ifland to receive poffeffion ; and that the force to be'furnifhed by his Sicilian Majefty, as hereafter Stipulated, be arrived there. " 5. The garrifon of the ifland fhall, at all times, con- fiftat leaft onehalf of naiive Maltefe; and the Order fhall have the liberty of recruiting for the remainder of the gar- ' rifon from the natives of thofe countries only that' Shall con tinue to poffefs Langues. The native Maltefe troops Shall be officered by Maltefe, and the fupreme command of the -garrifon, as well as the appointment of the officers, fhall be vetted in the Grand Mafter ofthe Order; and he fhall not be at liberty to diveft himfelf of it, even for a time, except in favour of a Knight of the Order, and in confequence of the opinion of the Council of the Order. " 6. The independence ofthe iflands of Malta, Gozo, and Comino, as well as the prefent arrangement, foall be linder the protection and guarantee of Great Britain, France, Auftria,. Ruflia, Spain» and Pruffia. ¦¦'. " 7. "The perpetual neutrality of the Order and of the iff and Of Malta, and its dependencies, is hereby declared. " 8. The pdrfs of Malta Shall be open to the commerce and navigation of all nations, who fhall pay equal and mo derate duties. Thefe duties fhall be applied to the fupport ..of the Maltefe Langue, in the manner Specified in para- •>-¦'...>•'•- graph. 63C SUPPLEMENT. A. D. graph 3, to that bf the tivil and militafy eftablifhment!! of a-8oa the ifland, and to that of a Lazaretto, open to all flags. " 9. The Barbary States are" excepted frbm the proVk Sions of the two preceding paragraphs, until by means of an arrangement to be made'hy the coniradting parties, the fyftem ofhoftility, which fubfitts between the Said Barbary States, the Order of St. John, and ihe powers polfeffuig - Langues, or taking part in the formation oTthetn, Shall be terminated. " 10., The Order foall be governed* both in Spiritual and temporal matters, by the fanie Itatutes that Were in * force at the time when the Knights quitted the ifland, fo far as the fame fhall not be derogated frorh'by the prefent Treaty. " 11. The ftipulations contained in paragraphs 3, 5, 7, 8, and lo, fhall be converted into laws and perpetual Statutes Ofthe Order, in the cuftomary manner. And the Grand Mafter for if he Should not be in the ifland at the- , time of its reftitution to the Order, his reprefentative^ as well as his fucceffors, Shall be bound to make oath to ob ferve them punctually. «« 12. His Sicilian Majefty foall be invited to furriifh two thoufand men, natives of his dominions, to ferve as a garrifon for the feveral fortreffes upon the ifland. This v force-foall remain there Sor one year from the period of the reftitution of the ifland to the Knights; aftef the expira tion of which term, if the Order ot St. John fhall not, in the opinion of the guarantying powers, have. raifed a luffi*. cient force to garrifon the ifland and its dependencies, in the- manner propofed in paragraph 5, 'the Neapolitan troops Shall remain, until they fhall be relieved by another force, judged to be fufficierit by the faid powers. " 1 3. The feveral powers fpecified iri paragraph 6, viz. Great Britain* France, Auftria, Ruflia, Spain, and Pfuf- Sia, fhall be invited to accede to tbe prefent arrangement* " Art. XI, The French forces fhall evacuate tfie kingdom of Naples; and. the Roman territory* the Englifh forces fhall in like manner evacuate Porto Ferrajo, arfd jife- \ nerally all the ports and iflands which they may occfar/y in the Mediterranean or in the Adriatic. " Art. XII. The evacuations, ceflions, and reflto- tions, Stipulated for by the- prefent Treaty, except Where otherwise exprefsly provided for,. Shall take place in Eu rope SUPPLEMENT. 637 rope within one month ; in the continent and feas of Ame- A.D. rica, and of Africa, within three months; and in the con- »8oi tinent and feas of Afia, within fix months after the Ratifi cation of the prefent Definitive Treaty. " Art. XIII In all the cafes of restitution agreed upon hy the prefent Treaty, the fortifications fhall be delivered up in the ftate in which they may have been dt the time of the fignature. ofthe Preliminary Treaty;, and all the works Which have been constructed fince the occupation, fhall remain untouched. " It is farther agreed, that in all the cafes of ceflion fti- pulated, there fhall be allowed to the inhabitants, of what ever condition or nation they may be, a term of three years, tp be computed, from the notification of this prefent - Treaty, for the purpofe of difpofing of their property ac quired and polfeffed either before or during the war, in which term of three years the.y may have the free exercife of their religion and enjoyment of their properties. ** The fame- privilege is granted in the countries reftored toajlhbofe, whether inhabitants or others, who fhall have made therein apy eftablifhments whatfoever during the time when thofe countries were in the poffeffion.- of Great Britain. , '* With refpect to the inhabitants of the countries re ftored or ceded, it is agreed that none of them foall be ptofecuted, difturbed, or molefted in their perfons or pro perties under any pretext, on account of their conduct or political opinions, or of their attachment to any of fhe contracting powers., nor on any other account, except that of debts contracted to individuals, or on account of adts pofterior to the prefent Treaty. " Art. XIV. All fequeftrations impofed by any of the parties. on the funded property, revenues, or debts of whatever defcription, belonging to any of the contracting powers, or, to their Subjects, or citizens, fhall be taken off. immediately after, the Signature of this Definitive Treaty. The- decifion of all claims brought forward by individuals, the Subjects pr citizens of any of the contracting powers reflectively,, againft individuals, fubjects or citizens of any of the others, for rights, debts, property, or effects what foever, which, according to received ufages and the law of nations ought to revive at the period of peace, foall be heard and decided before competent tribunals ; and in all 1 cafes t 1 638 SUPPLEMENT.' A.D. cafes' prompt and ample juftice fhall be administered in tht 1802 countries where the claims are made. " Art. XV. The fisheries on the coaft of Newfound land, and of the adjacent Iflands, and of the Gulph of St, Lawrence, are replaced on the fame footing on which they were previous to the war; the French fifhermen and thei inhabitants of St. Pierre and Miquelon Shall have the pri-s vilege of cutting fuch wood as they may fland in. need of in the Bays of Fortune and Defpair, for the fpace of one . year from the date of the notification of the prefent Treaty; "" Art. XVI. In order to prevent all caufes of com*' plaint and difpute which may arife on account of prizes which may have been made at fea, after the Signature of the Preliminary Articles, it is reciprocally agreed, that the veffels- apd effects which may have been taken in the Bri tifh Channel, and in the North Sea, after the fpace of twelve days, to he computed from the exchange of the Ra tifications of the faid Preliminary Articles, fhall be re^ Stored pn each fide j that the term Shall be one month from the Britifh Channel and the North Seas,' as far as the Ca-* nary Iflands inclusively, whether in the Ocean or in the Mediterranean ; two months from the faid Canary Iflands as far as the Equator; and laftly, five months in all other parts of the world, without any exception, or any more particular defcription of time or place. " Art. XVII. The ambaffadors, minifters, and other ' agents of the contracting powers, Shall enjoy reflectively . in the ftates of the faid -powers, the fame rank, privileges,, ;, prerogatives, and immunities, which public, agents of the, fame clafs enjoyed previous to the war. - ; " Art. XVIII. The branch of the Houfe of Naflaiij which was eftablifhed in the Republic formerly called the ' Republic of the United Provinces, and now the Batavian Republic, having fuffered loffes there, as well in private property as in confequence of the change of conftitution adopted in that country, an adequate compenfation fhall be procured for the faid branch of the Houfe of Naffau for the .' faid loffes. " Art. XIX. ¦ The preSent.Definitive Treaty of Peace _' is declared common to the Sublime Ottoman Porte, the ally of his Britannic Majefty ; and the Sublime Porte fhall be invited to tranfmit its act of accefiibn thereto, in the Shorteft delay poffible:. " Art- supplement; 63g " Art.. XX. It is agreed that the' contracting parties A.D. fhallj on requifitions made by them refpectively, or by 180a their minifters or officers duly authorifed to make the fame, deliver up to juftice, perfons accufed of crimes of murder, forgery, or fraudulent bankruptcy, committed within the jurifdidtion of the requiring party; provided that this fhall be done only when the evidence of the cri minality" fhall be fo authenticated as that the laws of the country where the perfon fo accufed fhould be found would jultify his apprehenfion and commitment for t/ial, if the offence had been there committed. The expences of fuch apprehenfion and delivery fhall be borne and defrayed by thofe, who make the requisition. Is is understood that this article does not regard in any manner crimes of murder, forgery, or fraudulent bankruptcy committed antecedently to the conclufion of this Definitive Treaty. " Art. XXI. The contracting parties promife to obferve Sincerely and bona fide all the articles contained in the prefent Treaty ; and they will not Suffer the Same to be infringed, directly or indirectly, by their refpedtive fub jects or citizens ; and the faid contracting parties generally and reciprocally guaranty- to each other all the ftipulations of the prefent Treaty. " Art. XXII. The prefent Treaty fhall be ratified by the contracting parties in thirty days, or fooner if poffible, and the Ratifications fhall be exchanged in due form at Paris. ¦ " In witnefs whereof, we, the underwritten Plenipo tentiaries, have figned with our hands, arid in vittueofour refpettive full powers, the prefent Definitive Treaty, and have caufed our refpedtive feals to be affixed thereto. " Done at Amiens, the twenty-feventh day of March one thoufand eight hundred and two; the fixth Germinal, year ten of the. French Republic. (L.S.) Cornwallis. (L.S.) Joseph Bonaparte. (L.S.) J. Nicolas de Azara. (L.S.) R.J. SCHIMMELPENNINCK." SEPARATE article. " Itis agreed that theomiffion of fome titles which may have taken place in the prefent Treaty fhall not be preju- , dicial to the powers or to the perfons concerned. 040 SUPPLEMENT4; ' A!d. , «' It is further agreed that the Englifh and* French Ian. 1802 gnages made ufe of in all the copies of the prefent Treaty fhall not form an example, which may be alledged or quoted as a precedent, orin any manner prejudice the con tracting powers whofe languages have not been ufed j and that for the future what has been obferved, and ought to be obferved, with regard to, and on the part of, powers who, are in the practice and poffeffion of giving and receiving Copies of like Treaties in any other language, Shall be con formed with ; the prefent Treaty having neverfhelefs the fame force and virtue as if the aforefaid practice had been therein obferved. •1 " In witnefs whereof, we^ the underwritten Plenipoten tiaries of his -Britannic Majefty, of the French Republic, of his' Catholic Majefty, and ofthe Batavian Republic, have Signed the prefent feparate Article, and have caufed out refpedtive feals to be affixed thereto. " Done at. Amiens, the twenty-feventh day of March one thoufand eight hundred' and two ; tne Sixth Germinal, year ten of the French Republic. (L.S.) Cornwallis. (L.S.) Joseph Bonaparte. (L.S.) J. Nicolas de Azara. (L. S.j R. J. SCHIMMELPENNINCK." FINIS. I Buonaparte, read Bonaparte. ERR AT A. VOL. 'III. t>for 41, read 14. 37 line 1 j for traiterous, read traitorous, 79 — a for Bonda, read Banda. 81—23 dele the word in. 84 — 6 Virginia, read Virginie. 90 — "la fans-lieutenant, read fub-lieutenant. 92 — Southvold, read Southwold. 93 — Bullen, read Buller. 94 dele the word Hon. before William Shields. 98 -t- 27 ba, rea^ be. IOI — -38 litnnation, read fituation. 109 — 6 much, read fuch. T32 — 33 -of the lofs ofthe fliip Thames; of Liverpool 72 of the action on the ift Auguft, 1798 118 .arrives in England " ib. Spanifh, of the attack on Ferrol —. 383 French, of the taking the Guillaume Tell 436 of the attack off Boulogne — 513, 517 Danifh, of the attack off Copenhagen 549 French, of the capture of the Swiftfure 571 French and Spanifh, of the attack at Alge ziras 575, 577, $8 1 French, of the action off Cape St. Vincent, with Sir J. Saumarez > . 586 Admirals— two Dutch taken — * 4a junior port, to fuperintend the paymgnt of wages — — 510 Admiralty— .board arrive at Portfmouth 9 at Sheernefs 23 changed ; — 495 Africaine— French frigate taken — : — 563 Aigle— Britilh Srigate loft • »5? Albanefe— bomb ketch run away with by the crew 459 Atexahdria— Surrenders to the Britifh arms 601 Amazon— frigate loft » 5 Ambufcade— French frigate taken I!S . Britifh frigate taken 121 Dutch frigate funk S10 Anecdote— of a Britifh Sailor 209,242,330 of the pilot of the Immortality . 53s of Lord Nelfon ¦ 54* vtyo/Zo^frigate loft :86 Aquihn — French Ship of war taken . I4° Army— land in Egypt < 596 Aftemife — French frigate burnt — ¦ ia? T t 2 Artois INDE3£. FACE Artois — frigate loft — *- 39 Auflen-. ^Captain, attacks three French corvettes iii the bay of Marfeilles 434 B. Baba — king of, manner of receiving prefents , 1 75 Barker— Captain Scorey, drowned 65 Barlow — Captain Robert, knighted . 564 Beacons — two erected at Newcastle 222 Bdlone — French frigate taken "J Bergeret — M. captain of a French man of war permitted to return without an exchange — ¦ — 59 Berry — Captain, fent home with Sir Horatio Nelfon's dif patches — — 119 'given the freedom of London ib. knighted — — 123 prefented by the Queen of Naples with a gold box and diamond ring : .. — - 436 Bickerton — Rear-Admiral Sir Richard, fails to, the Mediter ranean 352, 366 blockades Cadiz 7 440 Blanch — frigate loft • 237 Jilanlet— Commodore, fails for the Eaft Indies 113 for the, Red Sea 344, 481 Boats-*- of the Minerve and Lively, cut out from Santa Cruz, a.French brig of war — — 58/ of the Hermione, deftroy a Spanifh convoy and 'batteries — — — 74 of the Magicienne and Regulus, deftroy a Spanifh convoy and batteries at' Cape Roxo ib. of the Hermione, Mermaid, Quebec and Pene lope, cut feveral veffels out of Jean Rabel 7$ of the Magicienne, take a French privateer from under the batteries in Guedilla Bay 77 of the Melpomene and, Childers, cutout a French corvette from the Ifle of Bns 113 of the Flora, cut out Le Mondpvi corvette, from under the batteries in Corigo — ! — 142 of the Goliath, take a French gun-boat 150 of the Seahorfe and Emerald, deftroy a French gun-boat^ and refcue the crew from the Arabs icj of the Babet, capture a French privateer, after a fhort refiftance - 159 of a fquadron of frigates, cut out feveral veffels on the coa-ft bf Holland , aoo 6f the Circe, take two Dutch armed veffels 238 of the Succefs^ cut an armed Spanifh, polacre out of La Seva > 330 Boats INDEX. to r PAGE Boats— of the Queen Charlotte and Emerald, attack moft gallantly two French privateers 333 of the Trent, land near Cape Roxo, deftroy two batteries, and bring off a Ship and two fehooners 339 picked up at Sea; miferable condition ofthe crew ib. ofthe Echo, cut a French letter of marque out of a bay in Porto Rico ib. ofthe Succefs, cut out the Hermione frigate from Porto Cavallo 340 of the fquadron under Sir J. B. Warren, cut out feveral veffels from St. Croix ¦ 372 ditto, in Quimper River ¦ ... 373 ditto, in Bourneuf Bay . 375 ¦ , Wolverene, Sparkler and Force,, deftroy two vef- fels-in Grand Camp 382 of Sir J. B. Warren's fquadron, cut out a French privateer from Vigo 388 of the Montague and Magnificent, cut a French convoy out of Danenne 389 of the fquadron under Sir R. J. Strachan, deftroy a French corvette 390 of the Mermaid, cut fome veffels out of Cape Cor- , fette 440 of the Minotaur and Niger, Clit two Spanifh fri gates out of Barcelona 442 of the Phaeton, cut a Spanifh armed fliip out of Fungerolla 458 cf the Lark, repulfed at St. Jago de Cuba 475 of the Calypfo, take a fchooner • 476 of the Trent, board and bring off fome veffels from Brehot — — <—¦ ; — 498 ofthe Naiad and Phaeton, bring off two Spanifh veffels ' , 500 of the D°ris, cut a French corvette out of Camaret Bay 511 of the Fifgard, Diamond and Boadicea, cut a Spanifh armed fliip out of Corunna — 520 of the Jamaica, deftroy fome gunboats ib. of the Mercury, cut out the Bull Dog — 566 ofthe Mercury and Corfo, take a pirate 572 of the Cleopatra and Andromache, repulfed in at tempting to cut fome Spanifh veffelsout of the bayofLevjta 610 , of the Daphne and Cyane, cut out a French pri vateer —^ 611 of the Lark, take a-French privateer — 61 5 of the Melpomene repulfed 616 Tt 3 Bonaparte INDEX. Jto/fcjjfctt'tt's^befieges St. Jean d'Acre - — - 309 his cannon, &c. taken ¦ 311 receives frefh fuccours — - 315 obliged to taife the fiege 320 t.iVes the fort of Aboukir ' "•¦ s 32(6 - quits Egypt and returns to France 459 Bowen — Cr.t*ain Richard, killed "' — — 61 Bridport'— ': drriral Lord, fails on a cruize > 4, y, 98 his flag ftruck by the mutineers - — <• 9 rehoiiled — ¦ — - ib< goes in queft of the French fleet — * 198 returns from his cruize and ftrikes his flag 20O , refignsthe command ofthe channel fleet 35a refumes the command - ¦¦¦¦ 362 Brazen — floop loft — '< — .¦ 360 Bravoure-— -French Srigate deftroyed . . ¦ ' 594, ,Buciner~"V ice- A&miraVs flag ftruck by the mutineers 2a Buoys-— removed at the Nore ¦" ¦" 27 Bull Dog-r-retaken ¦ 594 Burgefs— Captain, killed — - — ¦ 42 C. Calder-^Capta'm Robert, created a baronet — 57 fent in queft of a French fquadron — 491 joins the Channel fleet , > joc< Caliope— French frigate deftroyed * » 39 Campbell — Captain., made poft for his gallant behaviour ' 379 Rear-Admiral, fails for the Weft Indies 53$ 'Cambrian — frigate ftruck by lightning __ 194, Camelford — Captain Lord, kills Lieutenant Peterfon 157 acquitted by fentence of a court-martial 158 CtfB/k— decided between Captains Sutton and Lumley 196 ¦ Chifforne — French frigate taken — 619 Clarence-r-D oke of, prefented with the freedom of Liver pool — — - — — 390 Coghlen— -Ljeut. gallant conduct . -38c* Earl St. Vincent prefents him with a fword 381' Conduct — intrepid of two ladies — — 20a gallant of Captains Mackenzie and Boorder, on the coaft of Holland ¦ 204 intrepid of Britifh failors recapturing their vef fels 203, 2,06, 207, 2ij, 499 gallant of Captain Boorder when attacked at Lemmer - — * ,,238 judicious of Captain Lobb 345 humane 'of Mr. Honey 35.7 dexterous and brave of a Britifh feaman fo. I Conduit INDEX. PAGE I ConduS— intrepid of Mr. Newman, retaking the Marquis of Kildare packet 365 Common— Pleas caufe decided, relative to junior admirals right to freight _ 368 '¦ 'Commiffioners— in the navy examine Dudmen's dock— thtir opinion -. 388 Cohffus — of 74 guns loft 121 .v * ¦ o ± _ J. Confante — French frigate and a cutter deftroyed no Cmauerant — French Ship of war taken , . , . j28 Concorde — French frigate taken " 480 " Confiance — French frigate taken , j Convention— of El Arifch 460 disapproved by Lord Keith 46a between Great Britain and Ruffia 501 Cooke — Captain Edward, narrative of his expedition to Manilla 262 mortally wounded, and dies at Calcutta 345 monument to his memory ib. orders for his funeral 346 CW«— Major-General, makes an unfuccefsful attack on Oftend — is taken prifoner with the army no Coquille — French frigate taken 115 blown up ¦ 121 Corfu— Ifland Surrendered to the Ruffians and Turks 307 Cornwallis — Hon. Admiral, appointed to command the , ' Channel fleet . 486 his perfeverance in cruizing off Breft 530 returns into port ¦ ' ib. Cofenatico — deftroyed by Captain Ricketts — — 441 Cotes — Captain, appointed agent to Britifh prifoners in France — — 84 Courts-martial— on Parker the mutineer S30 on feveral other mutineers — — 35 on the mutineers of the Pompee 37 on Captain R..C. Reynolds 40 on Captain Stephens — — 77 on Captain J. Williamfon — — 94 on Lieut. Lionel Hill — — > 113 on Captain T. B. Thompfon 12a on Captain Lord Henry Powlett' 143 ' on Captain Lord Camelford 1 58'. on Captain Halkett ¦ 186 on Lieut. R. K. Percy — — ib. on Captain George Murray — — ib. * on Lieut. Jones ib. on Lieut. Moringcourt ¦ 187 on Captain Wallis ¦ 194 on Captain Lord Aug. Fitzroy 199 i*rt_ • T 1 4 , Courts- INDEX. PAOB Gourts-Martial— on Captain Jenkins — — , -20$ on Captain Faulkner 211 on Captain AyScough — — ¦ 213 on Captain Rofe \ 2,16 on Lieutenants Mackenzie and Lowe 217 on Lieut. Harroden - 218 on Lieut. Hamline ¦ 33a on Captain Richard Matfon . 33: on Lieut. Vanthyfen 356 on Lieut. Harford . 357 on Captain Searle » 358 on Lieut. James Watfon 359. on Captain Totty ' ib. on Lieut. Creffelman ' 363 on Lieut. Griffin 364 on Captain Lord Proby 373 on Captain J. Alms 375 on Mr. O'Kelly — ib. on Lieut. Walker 377 on Mr. Hudfon, furgeon ofthe Beaver' 388 on Lieut. E. H. Clarke 389 Pacey ib. James Ryder ¦ ib. Carpenter 391 on Captain Hopper of the marines 392 on Lieut. Delyel ib. on Captain Bingham 479 Sotheby • 400 on Admiral Totty ¦ . 497 on Captain Duncan — 1— , 498 on Lieutenants Burnet and Davis 500 on Captain Dun ib. Philpot ib. on Lieut. Douglas rt_ £10 on Captain Roberts — - ib! on Lieut. Ren nick ib; Allen - ib. Lieutenant-Col. Winter 519 Lieut. Croad . . ib. Hon. Captain J. Murray ib. Lieut. J. Dixon . , 520 Captain Sol. Ferris ib. Lieut. Lewis 524 Rains ib. Suckling ¦ . ib. t Mafter of the Sirius ib. ofthe Terror , ib. Lieut. Nevin . 529 , ' - / Courts. - INDEX. '>" PAGK Courts-Martial — Captain Gardner 529 Vice-Admiral Sir William Parker % 530, mutineers of the fleet in Bantry Bay 532 Lieut. Ingram — — . cit Captain Newcombe 568 Quinton 614 Plampin ib. Crocodile— fnow loft 166 Curacoa— furrende>ed to the Englifh 477 ' Curtis— Sir Roger, fails on a cruize ¦ 8 fent tojoin Admiral Duncan 37 fails on a cjuize 98 for the Cape of Good Hope v 207 D. Danae— frigate, ran awaywith by the crew ¦ 363 Danijb — frigate and convoy detained . 393 Da/>/;»£^frigate -retaken . jt DeBraai — floop of war. loft — — 155 Dedaigneufe — French frigate taken — — ' 491 Decree — ofthe French Directory refpecting neutrals go toTeward the crewof La Bayonnaife 12a Difirie — French frigate taken . 378 Diane — French frigate taken 441 Dickfon— Captain E. S. deftroys two forts and a Dutch privateer 159 Captain E. S. prefented by the merchants of Trinidad with an elegant fword 160 Admiral fent to the Texel 241 ,2)(jiy^-Captain Henry, deftroys a French corvette .and other veffels 144 Difpute — between fome ChineSe and Englifh — — ¦ 481 flocks— firft ftone laid at the Ifle of Dogs 379 Domett— Captain William, appointed Captain of the Baltic fleet 486 Dorothea — Spanifh frigate taken • 145 Drew — Cajitain James, drowned — 96 Droits des Hommes — French fliip of war driven on Shore 5 Dromedary— ftore fhip loft 474 Duncan — Admiral, refolute and firm conduct in the fup preffion of mutiny — =-7 23 defeats the Dutch fleet, off thecbaft of Holland — — 41 takes and deftroys eleven fail of Dutch men of war 42 arrives at the Nore with his prizes 43 created a peer of Great Britain ib. prefented with the freedom of the city of London and a gold hiked fword ib. Ducknvoitn INDEX. v , PAGI Duckworth — Rear-Admiral, fent to the Leeward Iflands $cz arrives 474 fails from Martinico with Lieut. General Trigge, to attack the neutral iflands 6u Tummons to the governor of St. Bartholomew 612 takes poffeffion of them 611 nominated a Knight of the Bath ¦ ib. Dutch — account ofthe action of the 1 ith of October 44 , Ships taken in the Nieuve Diep 93a , fleet furrender to Admiral Mitchell —— 233 fent to England * 23c eight fail taken or deftroyed — — , 237 its remaining force — 24a . " E. Eaft India — Ships, two taken — — . i6» company give rank to the officers in their marine . . 175 fend prefents to the king of Baba ib. Edwards — Captain Valentine, drowned 348 Egypt— events there 4S9to 471, 594 Eknar — Spanifh Srigate taken and deftroyed — — 58 Elpbinftone-r-Sir George Keith, arrives from the Cape of Good Hope — r— 4 Embargo — laid on Ruffians, Danes and Swedes 491 taken off — — . Engagement— between the Indefatigable and Amazon, with Les Droits des Hommes . t St. Fiorenzo and La Nymph, with two - French frigates » 7 Penguin and L'Oifeau privateer — — 40 Britifh and Dutch fleets off the coaft' of Hol land ¦ 500 4t 5° S* Phcebe and Nereide Britifh and Spanifh' fleets off Cape St, Vincent Viper cutter and Spanifh privateer 58 Alexandrian and two French privateers 71 Diligence floop and Spanifh Ship 74 Pelican brig and French privateer 75 Coboqrg cutter and a French privateer 97 Mars and L'Hercule — 98 Jafon and Pique, with La Seine French frigate . m Hazard and La Neptune . 113 Britifh arid' French fquadron off the N. ^.. cOaft of Ireland — — . — 11 j Engagement INDEX. Engagement— between the Mermaid and Kangaroo, with La ¦ ¦-. . Loire French frigate — — 116 Anfon and La Loire r ——— ltj Fifgard and L'Immortalite — — ib.- i Sirius and two Dutch frigates — — n8 Ambufcade and La Bayonnaife ' 121 Kings Fifher and a French privateer 124 Speedy and a French privateer ib. Britifh and French fleets, on the ift Auguft, in the Bay of Aboukir 127 Seahorfe and Senfible 144 (Lion and four Spanifh frigates — — — 145 L'Efpoir and Liguria ib. Leander and Le Genereux ¦ 146 Herald privateer and three French privateers 154 Princefs Royal packet and a French privateer 155 George armed floop and two Spapifli priva teers - icj Recovery and a French privateer 1 59 Victorieufe and two French privateers ib. a Britifh letter of marque and a French pri^ vateer ' — — 160 . ' ¦* -letter of marque and a French corvette 1 16a Woolverine and two French luggers 183 letter of marque and a French privateer 186 Telegraph and a French corvette 194 St. Fiorenzo and Amelia, with a fquadron of ' French frigates — ¦ 186 Courier and a French privateer 199 a WeftTndiaman and two French luggers 201 ditto and a French privateer — — 20a Clyde and Veftale ¦ 204, Ethalion and Thetis Spanifh frigate 207 Triton and Santa Brigade 208 Cerberus and four Spanifh frigates 211 Courier and French privateer — 215 Revenge privateer and four Spanifh priva- vateers — — 216 Viper cutter and French privateer 222 • L'Efpoir and two Spanifh xebecs 307 Earl St. Vincent privateer and two^French privateers 330 Speedy floop and Defender privateer, ' with three Spanifh. armed veffels 33a Conftellation American frigate and L'Infur- _ gente French frigate 335 Amaranthe and a French privateer 339 Achilles armed fhip and Entrepreneur 343 Engagement— 434 INDEX. FAGg Engagement — between the Daedalus and La Prudente 343 La Sybille and La Forte . — 345 Rattlefnake and Camel with a French fri. '„ gate 346 Trincomale and French privateer ' 347 Portuguefe Indiaman and a French priva teer _ _ .; 349 two armed Ships and French privateer ib. Fairy and Harpy floops with La Pallas — 360 Kangaroo and French privateer ' ¦ 361 Phoebe and Hereux — — 361 Britifh and French privateer — — 36; Lady Anne lugger and French privateer 366 Milbrook fchooner and a French frigate 390- Lion, Foudroyant, &c. with La Guillaume Tell — - Rover privateer arid feveral Spanifh armed veffels , — — — — — — 472 Conftellation American and -Vengeance French frigates " 474 Gipfey and Quiproqtio 475 Seine and Vengeance 476 , Wellefley ftore-Ship, and a French frigate 483 Ken't - Eaft-India Ship and La Confiance French frigate - , ib, Eaft-India Company's fnow; Intrepid, and French privateer r- ib. Conftitution cutter and two French privateers 491 „ Concorde an,d Bravoure 491 Phcebe and 'Africane 563 Speedy brigand El Gamo 566 Kangaroo and Speedy, with feveral Spanifh armed veffels off Oropefo . tfi) Swiftfureand Gantheaume's fquadron 569 fquadron under Sir J. Saumarez and French at Algefiras 572 and French and Spanifh fquadrons off Cape St. Vincent > 583 , Venerable and Formidable — ¦ — . 584 Pafley armed brig and Spanifh xebeq 591 El Virginie 592 Bourdelais and fome French privateers 610 Intrepid privateer and a Spanifh armed fhip 61} Gu?chapin and ElTerefa : 614. Chance privateer, and feveral Spanifh armed veffels 617 Sybille and Chifforne . ' 618 Efpion — frigate, loft — — ', „ . %\t Ethalion-*- INDEX. PAGE phalion— frigate loft ,. . 2iq pxpedition-pagainft Teneriffe — 61 , Trinidad ya Pprtq Rico 7, Oftend ,0g fails 109 Minorca . ____ Ici Holland ¦ 22a Quiberon — . 367 Ferrol - 38a Cadiz 45+ Baltic _ 53910562 :Neutral iflands ¦ , 611 -Experiment — for purifying water '203 F- Faulkner— Captain, acquitted air Fees — eftahlifhed ft— *¦ ¦ 353 'Fitzroy— Captain Lord Auguftus, difmiffed his fhip *"' 199 Fitzwillia/n— Eaft-India Ship, burnt ' ¦ 344 ¦Flag— officers, employed 2, 82, 176, 350, 484 -Fleet— North -Sea, detert- Admiral Duncan, and join the mutineers ¦ > 25 Dutch, Sail from 'he Texel — r- 41 combined, fail from Cadiz, and arrive at Breft 328 a detachment ofthe Channel fent to Bantry Bay 530 La Forte — French frigate, taken 345 Fretmantk — Captain, wounded < 61 French — land in Fifgard Bay, on the coaft of Wales 6 furrender to Lord Cawdor 7 attack the ifles St. Marcou, and repulSed with lofs 107 land on the Weft coaft of Ireland 114 their army furrender to the Marquis Cornwallis ib. accouht of the action of the ift of Auguft, 1798 135 of capture of the Leander — — 149 pf -the action between the Woolverine and two luggers ¦ 184 fleet flip out of Breft 198 refufe to victual and clothe their prifo ners — 218 regulations for its navy — - — . „ 248 attack St; Jean d'Acre 31a attempt to ftorm the works and repulfed — • ib. fleet ejiter the Mediterranean — 327 flip put of Vado Bay, and fail to , Cartha gena — — . 328 evacuate Naples . 331 evacuate Leghorn • — — 33a s French— INDEX. ' PACE French — correspondence with Tippop Sultan difcovered 344 pay of qffioers in his fervice — .,. force at Dunkirk . 378 two frigates taken by the Belliqueux 480 fquadron get out of Breft 401 Gaiete — French corvette taken / 30 Galgo — floop of war loft — — " 474 Gardner — Admiral Sir Alan, arrives at Spithead — 186 fent to reinforce Earl St. Vincent ' \ 200 returns to Spithead 202 created a peer of Ireland yx appointed to command in Ireland 354 fails from Spithead — — 36: returns , 364 Genoa — French evacuate it ___ , 433 Gantheaume — enters the Straits of Gibraltar • . 4gg Goza — ifland taken by Captain Ball -—— ¦ 1 54 ' Goree- — taken by the English 480 Graves— Rear Admiral Thomas, appointed third in com- mand in the Baltic fleet — . 486, in vefted with the order of the Bath — $09 G««r«<;r— French Ship of war, taken . 128 , Guillaume Tell — taken, named the Malta , 435 ' H. Halkett — Captain, acquitted . \ . 186 Halifax — dock-yard, fet on fire 333 Hamadriad — loft — Hamilton— Captain Edward, account of retaking the Her mione , - 55 1 — ¦ 340, taken on his paffage to England 34a prefented with a fword ib., prefented with the freedom of the city of Lon don . - . 1 , __ 34s knighted and given a gold medal 343 Hannibal — taken > '¦ ! . ' C73 Harvey — Rear Admiral, takes the ifland of Trinidad, and a Spanifh fliip1 of war 70 attacks with General Abercrombie, Porto Rico , without SucceSs 71 Returns to England . 337 prefented with an addrefs by the merchants of- Martinique __ ' 337 Hardy— Lieutenant's, gallant conduct at Teneriffe. 58 promoted . . Q;, 119 Hatley— INDEX. TAGS Bailey — Lieutenant, prompted for his fpirited behaviour on board the St. George in the mutiny 64 fielder — taken —, — , SiZ Hermione — French frigate deftroyed '¦ 74 Britifh frigate ran away, with by the crew 75 retaken 340 Beureux— French fhip of war taken 128 Hoche — French fhip of w.r taken — — 115 Hood— Captain Alexander, killed , 98 Jlound — floop of war loll '389 Hurricane — at the Bahamas — — — > « 610 I. Immortaliti — French frigate, taken — — — 117 Impregnable — fliip of war, loft 2IO Incendiary — taken '493 Invincible — 3 oft 493 Jafon — frigate, loft . 114 Jenkins — Captain, acquitted > 205 Jervis — Admiral Sir John, cruifes off the coaft of Spain ' 51 Sails in with the Spa,nifh fleet , 52 defeats it, and takes four fail of the line 52 to 57 goes with his four prizes into Lagos Bay — ib. arrives at Lifbon — ib. created a peer of Great Britain, and given a penfion ib. Judgment — Sir William Scott's on a recapture — — - 206 on prize caufes, and right of Searching neu trals 256 to 306 K. .' Keith— Lord, fent to Sheernefs to quell the mutiny 23 takes meafures with Sir Charles Grey for this pur pofe — *— 28 arrives iri Torbay from, the Mediterranean 206 fails for the Mediterranean ¦ ¦¦ 2 1$; difcovers the French fleet off .Cadiz, and offers them battle 327 proceeds to the relief of Minorca , — - 328 , goes in queft of the combined fleet ib. blockades Malta ¦ 429 iffbes a proclamation for the blockade of feveral ports 430 bombards Genoa ¦ ¦ ¦ 434 proceeds to the attr>ck.of Cadiz 455 corref'pondence with the Spanifh governor 456. gives up the expedition, and fails to Gibraltar 458 arrives on the coaft of Egypt 594 in conjunction with Gen. A-bercrombie obliges the French to evacuate Egypt 602 Created a peer of Great Britain ib^ rt/~ King- INDEX. King — embarks on board a yacht, to vifit the North Sea fleet ' — — ; — 43 Strong contrary winds oblige him to return 44 lands at Greenwich t ib, confers the honour of knighthood on Captaia Trol lop — . - ib. pardons 180 mutineers — j^ goes to St. Paul's to depofit the colours taken from the enemy ___ , „ 4^ Kingfifher — floop of war loft — . itt L. Leander — Britifh Ship of war, taken •> 147 reftored to the Britifh navy . — . 307 Leghorn — taken poffeffion of by the French \c% . Letter — from conful at Triefte, about the Leander's crew 148 from General Stuart to Lieutenant Buchannan, for his fervices at Minorca — 153 circular, from the American Congrefs to the com manders of their fhips of war — ¦ — - 156 from Captain Boorder to a Dutch Captain * 202 from the merchants of London to Earl St. Vincent 213 from Lord Duncan to Dutch Admiral 22$ anfwer from Dutch Admiral 249 Admiral Mitchell to Mr. Dundas 235 , to the Regency of Enkhuyfen — — 241' Admiral Storey to the Minifter of Marine 243' Captain Trowbridge to GeneraLMacdonald 307* *» General Macdonald to Captain Trowbridge 308 Sir Sidney Smith to Earl §t. Vincent 309 to Lord Nelfon • 315 Captain Griffith to- the French Commodore, at Dunkirk ¦ ¦ 364 ^Captain Inman to ditto — — , 378 French Commodore's anfwer — — 379, General du Veaux to Captain Wallis — -, 381 relative to the capture of two Spanifh frigates at Barcelona — , 442 to 449 from Captain Ball to the Maltefe 440 Lord Keith to General Kieber , 462 Ruffian Ambaffador to Sir S. Smith r 'b.' General Kieber to Pouffielgue 463 Sir S. Smith to ditto • — — ib. Pouffielgue to Lord Keith 464 Lord Keith to Pouffielgue — — 466. Menou to Sir S. Smith ib. Admiral Gantheaume to Minifter of Marine 49* Earl St. Vincent to Lord-Nelfon — — 5'7 Lively — frigate, 'loft . . ..... • „ ' .15: Lighthvfe — .INDEX. rt • ¦ , PAGfc LigJitHOufe—ere&eA at Madras ^— ¦• . jj^ Loire — French frigate, taken 117 Longitudinal — inflrument invented . 223 Loweftoffe — frigate, loft .. 614 •Lutine — frigate, loft . ajg M. Mackay — Lieutenant, killed — — . it-j Mackenzie — Captain, made pbft >. 204 , Malta— taken by the French — — 126 . Surrendered to the Britifh , , 449 Margaret — tender, loft — — - 118 Marlborough — of 74 guns, loft -i — - 390 Marines — receive thanks for their conduct ih the mutiny 534 "jj|£rt/oB— Captairi Richard, acquitted 335 ¦)( : , !: N. Naples— King ef, embarks otj board tb,e Vanoua^, with _ Lord Ndfon — — ' — — 454 city of, taken po'ffeflkfn of, by Jtl^e French ib. King of* hoifts his Standard on. board the Fou droyant r t— — " 33a Narrative— of the lofs of the Refiltarjcte < i&7 1 ,of the Proferpine — — - _— 187 of the fnow Hope — — 191 of the Etha|ion - — — : — 219 of the Hannibal — - • cii Nautilus— {loop, loft — — — ; — 101 Naffau— lott -a—- 242 Ncreide — French frigate, taken ', — — 5° Ne/fon— Commodore, falls in with the Spanish .fleet ' 5r his intrepid andgallant conduct '.' — - — 54- ' ' ' - _%#*~ INDEX. PAGE 'Sffon— made a knight of the Bath, and prefented with the freedom ofthe city of London ^ 57 hoiffs his flag as Rear Admiral of the Blue 58 commands the advanced fquadron before Cadiz, and bombards;the town and Shipping 59, 6p fails to TenerifFe, and makes ah unfuccefsful at tack on the town 6f Santa Cruz ¦ number at the erid of the war 536 Oldfteld— Major of Marines, killed — —^ : 313 Onflow— Vice Admiral, created a Baronet r 43 prefented with the freedom ofthe city of London, and a gold fword ib; Or/VaH— French fliip of war blown up .. 128 OJlerley— Eaft India fliip, .taken . • 1 • 344' P. J3«£e»//a»2T-rCaptair! Edward, blown up ¦„¦ ¦• j 167 Paifley — armed brig, taken — — — 459 Pallas^ — frigate, loft -7—? -r— — 68 French frigate, taken - 361, Parker-rfRear Admiral William, fails to join Sir John Jer- Yis off Lifbon — - — ' 4 created a baronet — . 57 Sir Hyde returns to England — - ; 35a Sir William fent to command at Halifax 352, 373 arrives, at Halifax — - — ' 47a SjrHyde commands the Baltic fleet ¦ 48^ refigns the command — 487 Sir Wi"'am returns from Halifax — r^rr, ib. Sir Hyde refigns the. command ofthe Baltic fleet 557 parliament — two bills to present mutiny 27 its thanks voted to Admiral Duncan, &c. for the victory over the Dutch fleet 45 to Sir John Jervis, forrithe" vi flory over the Sp.mifh fleet off Cape St. Vincent 57 afl for more Speedily manning the navy 84 thanks voted to officers and men on tbe ill of Auguft, 1798 - — '¦ ' 119, Parliament ¦>- INDEX, f AGE parliament — Thanks voted to Sir Sidney Smith, officers, &c. 325 Sir James Saumarez, officers and men 58c Payne — Captain, fent with a fquadron to relieve Sir J. B. Warren ¦ — — 97 Peace — propofals made by France — 424 preliminaries figned • • 524 articles , 52510528 Peard — Captain, fpirited conduct on board the St. George 63 Penfion — given by city of London to two feamen 150 Pvterrel — floop of war, retaken 15a F-kkflock — Captain of a privateer, prefented with a fword by Prince Auguftus — , 155 Pigot — Captain, murdered by the mutineers ¦ 76 Pique — frigate, loft > III Pole — Rear Admiral, hoifts his flag onboard the Royal George, and joins the fquadron off the Ifle of Rhe 200 attacks the Spanifh fquadron 201 created a baronet — ¦- — 1 487 arrives at Spithead with the Baltic fleet ¦ 519 Pomone — finks a French privateer . — — ¦ 95 popham— Captain H. R. propofes a plan for railing fea fen cibles — r-i- 91 fails to attack Offend 108 Emperor of Ruflia copters on him the order of St. John of Jerufalem, &c. 92a fails with a fquadron to Eaft Indies 391 Po-xleti— Capt.Ld. Henry, difmiffedthefervice,and reftored 143 ¦Pnfe^-Lieutenant, promoted for his gallant behaviour 108 Prifoners — of war, number in each country — 84, 218 exchange agreed to between England and France 85 French clothed and victualled at the expence of Great Britain ¦ 219 Proclamation— fox the fuppreffion of mutiny 26 from Sir Ralph Abercromby to the Dutch 226 from Prince of Orange — — — 227 French jind Spanifh Admirals 328, 329 for pardoning deferters — — 51a for ceafing hostilities • 529 Promotion— roi Admirals rr= 3, 1 79' 4^9 of Captains ¦ 1 '9 Prize-money— fliares to each clafs for Spanifh frigates 210 Princefs Amelia— -Eaft India fhip, burnt 166 Projerpine — frigate, loft — - 187 Prtfdente — French frigate, taken 345 Preneufe — French frigate, deftroyed - 347 Pulling — Captain )amesKing, drowned 96 Pellew— Sir Edward, fent againft Quiberon 3°7 ^ueen-vi INDEX. PAGE Q. Queen*— Charlotte of uo guns burnt by accident , 43a, Repulfe-Aok . ~ 36a Refiftance— French frigate, taken — — 1 7 iJ^/ae-r-Fre.nch frigate, taken" — . — nj Refiftance— -Britifh fhip of war, blown up 167 Reynolds — Captain R. C. "honourably acquitted 401 Rim— Captain, killed — — — — 544 Rover— floop of war, loft — — 155 S. Santa Th'erefa — Spanifh frigate, taken -«¦— 306 Saumarez — Sir James, fails from Aboukir with the French prizes for Gibraltar — «- — — — 14a Sent to command off Cadiz — ffij, 509 created a baronet ¦ ib. attacks" the French fquadron at Algefiras $72; fails from Gibraltar Snd defeats the combined: fquadron off Cape St. Vincent — 583 returns to Gibraltar — — 5S5 invefted with the Order of the Bath ib, Savona — furrenders 434 Sceptre— loft — — 348 Sea Fencibles — firft raifed . — - - 91- discontinued . - - 529 Senfihle — French frigate, taken , 144 Serieufe — French frigate, funk ~ 129, Seymour — Lord Hugh, commands at Jamaica 35a dies' there — ' — : — 614 5^/ner/g/zAr— rewarded — — fiiff allowed fix-pence per djly in lieu of chips 539 Siene — French frigate, taken — : — . — 11 1 Smith— Sir William Sidney, efcapes from his confinement in the Temple - ' 99 Singular account of it .' — — 1001 takes poffeffion of the ifland St. Marcou — toy arrives off St. Jean d'Acre and takes a French flotilla : • ;-. 309 driven to fea, returns again 313 penfion Settled on him : 325 - oblige the French tq raife the fiege of Acre 320 City of London and Turkey Company each pre fent him with a fword and its freedom — — $z't fails to the Archipelago and Constantinople 326 - ' Smit/i — INDEX, - $mlAS\r Willj.am Sidney, returns to Aboukir Bay, and with the Turkifh army iijakes an unfuccefsful attack on the French ' . 326 treats with the French for their evacuation of Egypt 459 generous treatment of a French officer 47t ^everainP tuple — French fhip of war, taken —— 128 Spaniards — defeated in their attack in the Bay of Honduras r6t " ?!P?ain Cooke attacks their Settlement's at th,e Philipines — 16a §pw(h — two frigates, taken ¦ 440 two tfireerdeckers. blown up — __ ^§4 Spartiate — French fhip of war, taken — — 128 Squadron — Spanifh, burnt at Triqidad — 70 of French frigates, taken 339 Britifh fail on 3 Secret expedition —— 366 French attacked in Dunkirk ¦ 377 §t.pomingo— great part of it delivered. up to the French 1.6 1 St." Antoine — taken — -- — -— 584 $(. Euflatia— -and Saba taken poffeffion of by the Englifh 613 Suyincent — Earl, blocks up Cadiz —r— 59 order "to execute the mutjnef rs of the St. George ¦ -^ — 64 arrives at Spithead from the Mediterranean 204 refigns the command of the fte.ef 330 takes the command of the Channel fleet 366 firft Lord pftbe Admiralty ""— — 486 'Stephens— Captain, acquitted — — ; 78 Stopford — Hon. Captain, fails with a. fquadron of frigates 96 Storm — on the coaft of Malabar . 348 of Scotland — — 337 $tr,achan — Sir Richard John, attacks feveral French gun boats — '— 98 Sturt— Mr. Charles, prefented with a medal by the Hu- Bmae Society . , 193 fybfcriptitn^for the relief of widqws, &c. of the men who fell on the ift of Auguft, 1798 — — .no . -ffi.3de at Calcutta < — 176 p.y.blic, . made during the war — — 620 ?££ceft— frigate, Jta£en 563 'Supplies ' j, 82, 1,76, 350, 484 ^Surinam— -taken 33.8 ¦SHttoa—Gaptain J. to be Captain ofthe Channel fleet 486 ¦sfyuiedifk — merchant Ships condemned 199 ^niffure — tauten — ¦ — 571 _ -T. Tener'ffe— generofity of the governor ¦ 6a Thompfon— Vice -Admiral, created a baronet 57 Captain T. B. wounded — *¦ 61, 147 Thompfon — . INDEX. , PACtf' thmpfon — ViSe Admiral Sir Charles, fails on a cruize £6 Captain T. B. honourable acquittal - — I23 ' knighted -. ib- i taken by the French, and ill-treated — — 147 Sir Charles, fails on a cruize 186 Sir T. B'. fegs- foot off - — '- 545 penfion — "'¦ ib. Timoleon-^-Frtnch fhip of war, burnt ¦ 129 j Tomlinfon — Capfain, difmifled and reftored to' his rank 193 Tonnant — French fhip of war, taken 128 Totty — Rear Admiral, corhrhands a divifion ofthe Baltic fleet ' ±. 1 486 fails for the Weft-Indies • — — i 535 Tranfit— veffel on a lingular conftrlictitin , 366 Treafure — taken in the Spanifh frigates, conveyed to Lon- London ,209 Treaty— ^-between Great Britain arid Ruffia — — 2"2J Tribune— frigate, loft '.- ¦ 65 Trollope' — Captain, knighted :.; ; 44 ¦Trincomale — Sloop, blown up ' 348 Trinidad— iQatid, taken " — — rt, 7a Troubridge — Captain, takes the Cattle of St? Elmo 33U. fent by Lord Nelfon to take poffeffion of the J; Roman territory '— — *i- ib.^ created' a barOnet * ¦ 33s* captain of the Channel fleet . 352 Lord of the Admiralty - - 480 u. - - ¦'*' I/bos— between Great Britain and. Ireland ¦ ¦¦ '• ' 487 Vandeput — Admiral, dies — — ¦. - 1 ' 3521 Vengeance — French frigate, fakea — -^ » ' 477 Venus — French frigate, taken' — . 389 Veffel — of a Angular conltruction,' taken • : ¦ 512 Veftale — French frigate, taken — ; — ^ 215 Voolk — Dutch Ship of war, loft >. 243 ' ' W-- Waldgrave'-— Hon. .Vice Admiral, appointed, governor of Newfoundland,, — . ,, 57 Wallis — Captain, acquitted — — 19$ his officers and crew prefent M. Lorenti Wittke with a piece of plate' ib. Warren— Sir J. B. fquadron, deftroys a French frigate and convoy ..¦ ¦ . .I, 39: Warren— • INDEX. PAGE Warrett*~Sir J. B. takes and deftroys part of another French convoy and a cutter 39 takes part of a French convoy, and deftroys a French frigate - — — 97 engages and defeats a French fquadron off the coaft of Ireland — — — — 114 goes to the Mediterranean 35a fails in queft of Gantheaume —— 565 joins Lord Keith 566 Wea%le — floop of war, loft — — 193 Weficot — Captain, killed — — 13a Weftern — Captain Thomas, prefented with a piece of plate 199 Williams — Captain Sir Thomas, drives the Irifh rebels out' of Wexford 1 1 1 Whitfbed— Rear Admiral, ftrikes his flag 487 jWilliamfon— Captain John, fentenced to be put at the bottom of the lift, &c. 95 Wilmot— Captain, killed 314 Y. Tttrk— Duke of, commands in Holland 22a lands at the Helder, and attacks the enemy 237 defeats the French and Dutch, and takes Alkmaar 239 ' retires with the army to Zype s 240 enters into a convention with General Brune ib. rejects the articles propofed — 24c evacuate! Holland ib. Printed iy C. Roworth, Sudm's Court, Strand. YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 01495 7147