mrn'm '" ,>-'^''< H. Ludington. PREFACE TO VOL. II. When 'Volume I. was given to the public in iSfy, there was some uncertainty as to whether a second volume would ever be issued. But as the history seemed so incomplete, the first one only coming up to 1840, inclusive, and as many of the pioneers have desired him to do so, the writer has concluded to bring it down to 1846, inclusive, when the first city charter was adopted, which will complete the pioneer portion of the city's history. There have also some very important official documents come into his possession, since Volume I. was issued, too valuable for a mere newspaper mention, which will appear in Chapter 1 of Volume II. And all errors in Volume I., as far as known — and it is impossible but that there should be some in a work of this kind — will be correct ed in Chapter i. The flattering reception that the first volume received, not only from the citizens of Milwaukee, but by historical societies throughout the country, as letters in the writer's possession fully prove, is also a further inducement for issuing the second, which, it is hoped, will be received in the some spirit. And I will close this Preface with an acknowledgment of thanks to Daniel Wells, Jr., John H. Tweedy, Col. Hans Crocker, 'Wm P. Merrill, John B. Merrill, Clark Shepardson, Alex, Mitchell, David Ferguson, Geo. F. Austin, Lindsey "Ward, James Bonnell, Wm. H. Metcalf, R. G. Owens, Clarence Shepard, Frederick Wardner, Frank lin J. Blair, Matthew Keenan, Henry M. Bleyer, Asahel Finch, Jr., John Furlong, John C. Smith, Daniel D. Sibley, Daniel Tainsh, Maj. Rufus Cheney, and others, for aid given. But more particularly are his thanks due to Hon. Albert Fowler, for the valuable documents furnished, relating to the history of 1835. The Author. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. INTRODUCTION 9 CHAPTER L— 1834 and 1835 11 Matter Relating to 1834-5, Not Previously Published — Origin of the Word Mil-waukee — Origin of the Word Wisconsin — Sketch of Col. James Clyman — Killing of Ells-worth Burnett — Letters from Col. Clyman — Arrest of the Indians — Confession of Ash-e-ka-pa--we — Correspond ence — More About Mil-waukee and Manitowoc — Corrections of ¦Volume I.— The First Election. CHAPTER IL— 1836 73 Land Speculation — Location of Mahn-a--wauk, Jacques Vieux's old Trading House — Was Mr. Hathaway a Prophet ? — ^Upper Milwaukee, Where Located — Lexington and Other Paper Towns — Mechanics ville — Shoot- ting of Doctor Cary — ^That Barrel of Pork — A Model Speech — Milwau kee's First Editorial — Charlestown, Where Was It? — Pioneer Historical Society — Laying out Land — Election Returns — The James Madison — Trouble Among the Masons and Carpenters — Resolutions Against Gambling — Spicy Newspaper Articles — Lead Discovered — 'I'he Little Steamer Menomonee — Additional Names of Persons Who Came in 1836 — Lawrence Bennett's Notice — Cut and Sketch of the old Court House and County Buildings . — Contract and Specifiations Under Which it was Erected, with Remarks of the Author. CHAPTER III.— 1841 81 Opening Prelude — Sketch of James Kneeland — Milton E. Lyman — Rockwell's Store — Cole & Arnold, McKinstry & Willard, and others, Where Located — Rogers' Block, sketch of — ('ady & Farwell — Higby & Wardner — Powder — John Pritzlaff — Jacob L. Bean — Geo. F. Austin — The Arcade — Chas. S. Hurley — The Sill Brothers. — The Blacksmiths . — Dentists and Doctors — Lawyers — Sketch of Finch & Lynde — David Ferguson — Druggists, Jewelers and Lumbermen — Hotels — Sketch of the 'Vails — The Death of Levi 'Vail — Names — Sketch of J. W. Dunlop — Elections — Board Meetings — Whig Celebration, and Its Results — Temperance Society — Washington's Birthday — F. W. Horn — Pros pects — Noonan Takes the Advertiser — Buildings — Improvements of Streets — A Large Family — Conventions — Election — H. N. Wells' Let ter — Steamboats — Arrival of the Milwaukee — McCabe — Stuck Down — Turkey Shooting — The First Brewery — Close of the Year. CONTENTS. 7 CHAPTER IV.— 1842 117 Opening of the "Vear — Arrival of Geo. W. Fay and others — Wells' New Block — Russell Wheeler Came — Arrival and Sketch of Messrs. Shep ard & Bonnell, Geo. Fowler and W. H. Byron — Sketch of S. M. Dillaye and others — Philetus C. Hale, Sketch of — -Sketch of Judge Abram D. Smith, Jason Downer, J. H. Evistou, Geo. Reed and others — Elisha Eldred, Sketch of — L. H. Cotton — Clark Shepardson— John N. Bone- steel Came — Joseph R. Treat — ¥. Huebschmann — -Sketch of Chauncey Simonds and Wm. Brooke — Hotels — Juneau's Old House — Incidents —The Mitchell Building— Election of Trustees— First Election of Town Officers under New Law — Newspaper Warfare — Harbor — Doty's Military Appointments — Roads and Bridges — Col. Morton — Steamer Trowbridge Goes Ashore — -A Reminiscence — County Conven tion — Election — The First Tannery — Improvements — Shipments — Steamboats — Arrivals — Dr. Weeks Speculates in Salt— Immigiation. CHAPTER v.— 1843 151 Opening Prelude — The Illinois Arrives from Chicago — Kilbourn Cuts Through the Beach — ^The First Pier — ^Tufts & Kendall — Stockton & McCliire Bring the Patronage — Wm.W. Brown, his Death — -First Boat from iBelow — ^Arrival of Bradley & Metcalf, Sketch of^Sketch of Gid eon P. Hewitt — R, D. & E. C. Jennings Came — Williams Lee Came — Holton & Goodall Start an Ashery — F. J, Blair Came, Sketch of — Sketch of E. R, Persons — Mercantile Changes — Foundry — ¦ James Douglass, Sketch of — Names — Alex, Matthews — J, S. Fillmore — Sketch of Caleb Wall — Hotels— Brick Yards— The Childs Bros,— Water Power — Election of Trustees — Fire — A Useless Fire Engine, and its Results — Fraud Discovered — Improvements — St, Patrick's Day in the Morning — Harbor Celebration — County Convention — Election —The Old Lighthouse— Eli Bates— W. W. Kellogg— Holton Elected Sheriff — Election Returns — Street Sprinkling — Statement of Wiscon sin Marine and Fire Insurance Co. — Statistics' of Milwaukee — ^Huron Street — The Body of Johnson Found — ^Juneau Turned Out ofthe Post Office — Mass Meeting — County Convention — Immigration — Attempt at City Charter — Corporation Proceedings — Water Power — Population — Prospects — ^Lost — The Old Cottage Inn, Sketch of — Sketch of the New — Land Office — Fire — Hotels — Imports — Exports — Steamboats Rum Holes — Close of the Year — ^The Piers. CHAPTER VL— 1844 197 Close of 1843 — Opening Prelude — Election of Trustees — Water Power — Fire — Political — Jackson's Birthday — ^Bridges — April Election — Dem ocratic Courtesy — Hotels — Cut of Block 3, Extending from Wisconsin to Michigan Streets, How and by Whom Occupied — ^John N. Bone- steel, Sketch of— Sand Operations — Geo. E. S. 'Vail — E. Stats — D. Newhall, Sketch of — Sketch of Kirby — A. J. Langworthy — R. Wheeler and Nazro & King, Where Located- -Richardson, Geo. G. and R. D. Houghton, Sketch of — I. A. Hopkins — C. Preusser and the Bradford Brothers Came — Sketch of John Plankinton — Railroad Meetting — Opening of Erie Street — Repudiation and Political Chicanery, and its Effects — Where is Milwaukee ? — New Stage Line — Editorial — Michael Burke's Raid — Bad Blood — Celebration of the 4th — Improve ments — Sketch of James B. Martin — Rogers' Block, Sketch and Cut of-T-Sketch of Jas, H. Rogers— McCabe, Sketch o£— His Death— Them Pills — Convention at Prairieville — Election — Remarks — New Bridge at Walker's Point — Military Company Organized — Bull Whackers — City Charter — Boats — Census — Climate — Remarks upon Climate — Re marks upon Previous Winters — The Champion, 8 CONTENTS, CHAPTER VIL— 1845 230 Opening Remarks — Election of Trustees — Committee to Draft City Char ter Appointed — Editor's Comments Thereon — Meeting to Take Action upon the Charter — Board Meetings — Report of Committee on Finance — Harbor— Political— The Great Fire of April, 1845 — Editorial Re marks — United States Hotel, Sketch of — Burning of City Records — Letter to Marshal Shaunier — Town Officei-s Elected — Improvements — The Harpers Came — Mercantile Changes — Military Hall and Tremont House Erected, Where Located, and Description of — Description and Cut of Chamber of Commerce — New Arrivals and New Firms — Or ganization of Fire Departmeht — Emery's Shot — Jesse M, 'Van Slyck — Milwaukee Mutual Insurance Co. Organized — Military Organization — Old Settlers' Ball — County Election, and Its Results — Same in 1846 — Medical Department — Public Meeting — Close of the Year — Vote upon the Charter, and Its Adoption — F''irst Election Under the Charter — Census — Division of County — Remarks of the Author — List of Mayors — Bad Legislation — Time T'able — Egbert Herring Smith — Miscellan eous — Biographical — Bridge War — First Carriage — First Steam Flour ing Mill — Speeding a Dog. APPENDIX. Claim Organization of 1837 325 Claim Entry Record , 334 INTRODUCTION. In offering Volume II. of the Pioneer History of Milwaukee to the public, the author is fully aware of the difficulties he has to contend with, and has, at times, notwithstanding his fellow citizens have, with few exceptions, subscribed liberally for the work, almost been on the point of abandoning it altogether. When Volume I. was in progress, he had no competitors, but now he has. And it is this fact, more than anything else, that has dis couraged him. But as he was first in the field, and has already spent so much time and money, besides a large amount of the gas compa ny's gas, and no small amount of his own, he feels compelled to go on, and take his chances. He does not claim that his work will contain all that was done in the five years which it covers, such a thing being an impossibility. But he believes, as he was upon the ground during all these years, and has a pretty fair acquaintance with the people of Milwaukee, he can make a more perfect record of what he does write about, than it is possible for any stranger to do. And if his work is not as voluminous or as richly bound as is the one issued by his competitors, he will make the assertion that its contents will prove as interesting, at least to the old settlers, and as a pioneer work, of much more value to the fu ture historian. There are many persons who have lived here in former years, who have removed to other cities, or are dead, whose personal character istics no stranger can portray, as well as many pioneer buildings since pulled down or burnt, which they cannot describe or locate ; 2 10 INTRODUCTION. many of which, both persons and buildings, were among our most prominent in the olden times. The illustrations of the Cottage Inn, Juneau's old house, and the old Lighthouse, are fac similes of those ancient structures ; and the biographical and reminiscial sketches, (some of which have previously appeared in the papers,) are intended solely to illustrate pioneer life and personal characteristics. Neither are any of them untrue, and some of them are certainly amusing. And in weaving them into his tory, simple justice will be accorded to all. The Author. CHAPTER I. Milwaukee, 1834-5. Matter Relating to 1834-5, Not Previously Published — Origin ofthe Word Mil waukee — Origin of the -Word Wisconsin — Sketch of Col. James Clyman — Killing of Ellsworth Burnett — Letters from Col. Clyman — Arrest of the Indians — Confession of Ash-e-ka-pa-we^C;;orrespondence — More about Mil waukee and Manitowoc — Corrections of Volume I. — -The First Election, The first mention of the place by the newspapers of the day in reference to its settlement by the whites, appears in the Green Bay hitelligencer of April 16, iS34, and reads as follows : The Milwaukee country is attracting much attention. A settlement has commenced near its mouth, and there can be no doubt that it will be much visited during the coming season by northern emigrants, and by all who fear the bilious fever and other diseases incident tp more southern climates. Two or three young men from the State of New York (Albert Fowler and party,) have commenced the erection of a saw mill-* on the first rapid, about three miles above the mouth of the river, vphich will, no doubt, soon be in operation. A correspondent from Chicago, under date of May 19, also gives a glowing description of the country around Root river (Racine,) Pike river (Kenosha,) and Milwaukee ; and describes the modus operandi of making claims, much too lengthy, however, for insertion here. The Original Name of Milwaukee. August Grignon, in his " Recollections," in Volume III. State His torical pubHcations, states, on the authority of an Indian, that the word Milwaukee is derived from a certain aromatic root, called " Man-wau;" hence, " Man-a-wau-kee," or the land, or place of the " Man-wau." Also, that it simply means pleasant land, or good land. The latter definition is also given by Louis Moran, a French resident *Bigelow's miU, this side of Humboldt, See Vol. I., page 26. 12 , pioneer history and interpreter for the Chippewas. I have therefore come to the conclusion that this definition is the correct one ; and it is certainly an appropriate one. Note. — By reference to the Green Bay Intelligencer of August 1 1, 1834, it will be found that all the old maps, as far back as 1820, men tion the south branch of the Milwaukee River (the present Menomo nee,) as the " May-nay-wau-kee," and those used at the trenty of 1825, held at Prairie du Chien, of 1827 at Butte des Mort, and of 1830 with the Menomonees at Green Bay, all speak of it by that name, and that the southern boundary of the Menomonee country was a line drawn Irom the head of Lake Winnebago' to the mouth of the Milwaukee Mtt. The Origin of the Word Wisconsin. The fapids of thg of the 28th of De cember, Doctor Cary, in company with several others, went to Har ris and demanded possession of the land, which was refused, and they left. The Doctor, alter proceeding a short distance, requested his companions to stop, and he would return alone, and see if he could not persuade Harris to give him the possession. On approaching the house a second time, Harris shot him, the ball passing through his left arm, and entered his body on his left side.*— i^. F. yames, Wisconsin Free Press, January 4, 1836. That Barrel of Pork. The following letter was written from Racine, to the editor of the Advertiser, December 6th, 1836, and published on the 10th: Sir: — I went to Chicago a few days since, and purchased two barrels of mess pork at the highest price, and had them shipped to this place. One of them I sold without opening; the other was sold by the pound, ¦When the latter barrel was about two- thirds gone, the clerk sold out of it six tails, and declared that there were nine yet left in the barrel. A few days after, one of my customers proposed to buy the whole, for the purpose of getting the barrel. I took him into the back store and showed him the barrel. He picked out from one side fifteen tails, and said he was satisfied. There having been considerable talk and excitement about it, it was finally con cluded to hold an inquest over the tails of the deceased; and the next day the neighbors were called in, and upon a careful examination, there were found to be thirty-nine tails left, making a totaj of forty-five tails in one barrel of mess pork! There was a great variety; some short, some long, many spindling, and some stubbed; many that reached clear around the sides of the barrel, and a few that appeared to have been drove in. Some of our wise men are of the opinion that these all belong to one hog; others that they were taken from a drove of sale hogs, which came into Chicago last winter, accomplishing the last nine miles in forty-five minutes. Which is the correct opinion, it is difficult to determine. I have heard of some Turkish officer,^Ca Pasha, I believe,) having a great many tails, but I never heard before of a barrel of mess pork with forty-five tails! The •*Doctor Enoch Chase was called to attend Doctor Cary, who subsequently re covered and became a very prominent man in that county. OF MILWAUKEE. 43 clerk refused to re-tail the pork, and I suppose it was pretty effectually en-tail-ed upon me. But a friend of mine suggested a happy expedient; we had them all freshened, and did them up carefully in papers. We then made tail suppers for five successive nights, and called in all our Jackson friends, (those who are accustomed to " go the whole hog," tail and all,) and furnished them with a plenty of roast potatoes and good wine. After a while, the tails disappeared. Thus endeth the forty-five hog tails, and this tale of your humble servant. Ichabod, Note. — This was not the only barrel of pork which had plenty of tail. In fact, more than half the mess pork shipped here in 1835-6 would turn out to be one hog, pork at the best, and often two hogs, i. e., two heads and two sets of tails. A Model Speech. Remarks of Mr. Chance, of Des Moines, on the bill to locate the seat of government at Madison, delivered at Belmont, Saturday, No vember 26, 1836. From the Belmont Gazette, Mr. Chairman — I have waited patiently until the doctors and law yers get through, to make a speech on the location of the seat of goverment. I was raised- in the wilds of Illinois, and used to wear a leather hunting shirt, and sleep under a buffalo rug. I was edicated in the woods, and the yearely part of my life was spent in trackin' Ingens, but it is harder trackin' these gentlemen. I have been watchin' to get the " hang of the question," as the Irishman says, and now I think I have it. It is slang and ridicule, and now I go^^it with a per fect looseness. We have invited the gentlemen to come up to the " trof," and argy the question on its merits. But, as the Yankee said, " they squirm, and won't come up to the rack." Mr. Chairman, when I left home, it was my intention to locate the seat of government on the east side of the Mississippi, and divide the Territory with the river. If they didn't wish to divide, then I meant to sustain the place selected by the Executive, Belmont. We said to the delegation on the east, " Fix your place, and we will go for it," but in the meantime, beheld a beast appear in the east, having six heads and twelve horns.* Then I looked to the west, and *Fond du Lac; six votes and twelve thousand dollars. 44 pioneer history beheld another beast, exercising all the powers of the first beast, with six heads and eight horns.* Then I said to the boys, " Look out for snakes." The delegation of Des Moines, refusing to bow down to the beast, its friends cry out " boons," " bargainin' " and " sellin'." They cry out "perjury," " conscients," and "the day of judgment." I would advise the gentlemen, when they appeal to their conscients, to slip the more weightier parts over their left shoulder. Mr. Chairman, we are honest men from Des Moines; we are neither to be bought nor sold. I have no town property in the Ter ritory of Wisconsin ; only some marked out in the town of Wapello, and I want to sell that. But they said we ha'd no title ; and I told them the Ingens is gone, and that is sufficient. If we would bow down to the monument of Dubuque, we would be, as the Irishman ¦ says, " good baubee sheelah." We are willin' to meet the opposers of this bill on this floor, on its merits, and at the bar of the Great Day. The gentiemen, with their amendments, put me in mind of the Irish man's frog ; it went with a hop, a skip, and a jump. They jump from the city of Madison to Burlington, and then to Mineral Point, Perhaps they will next skip to Chicago or Galena. Mr. Chairman, in all legislative bodies there is a majority and a minority. The minority, unfortunate critters, are sure tc kick up and bellow. It puts me in mind of the little boy's swearin'. The cattle came up one evening, bellowin.' The little boy ran to his mother and said, " Mother, let me swear at the cattle." " Begone, you little rascal," was the reply. He came the second time, and the mother, desirous to hear what he would say, gave him liberty. He ran out, got on the fence, and said, " Bellow on, you devils !" Such was a specimen of oratory quite common in the olden time. Milwaukee's First Editorial. ^ Thursday, July 14th; 1836. In presenting to our readers the first number of the Advertiser we follow but a long established custom in declaring the measures it will endeavor to sustain and advocate, and the principles by which it *Six votes for Dubuque, and eight thousand dollars. OF MILWAUKEE. 45 shall be governed, well aware of the manner in which such declara tions are received and the reliance placed upon them. We wish to -claim for the Advertiser no character it will not deserve, no reputa tion it cannot sustain, wishing it to be judged by its own merits, and leaving its patrons to decide with what fidelity we have discharged our duty. As declared in our prospectus the Advertiser will be favorable to the principles of the present administration, believing them to be best calculated to promote the interests of the people, and secure the harmony and permanency of the Union, The effect of these prin ciples, as carried out by the present chief magistrate, are to be seen in the happiness of the people, and the unbounded prosperity of the whole land. His official career is fast drawing to a close. The people of the United States will soon be called upon to exercise their highest privi lege in electing one who shall succeed him, and although we cannot participate in that choice, we can yet send forth our hearty hopes and wishes, that he who shall succeed him, may succeed him in all the qualities that have made the government and the people pros perous and happy at home, and respected abroad, and which have conferred honor on his own name. The principles of thfe Advertiser shall be Democratic in all things, and though few questions may arise, situated as we are in a Territory, in which it may be proper for us to take part, yet, when it shall be necessary, we will take that view that best accords with those principles. With this brief exposition of our principles we commend the Advertiser, to the kindness of the citizens of Milwaukee, with whom we have cast our lot, returning to them our sincere thanks for the liberality and attention already shown, determined that nothing shall be wanting on our part to make it subservient to the best interests of our rising town. Queries. Where was Charleston, a speculative town laid out in 1836, by Harrison Reed, Andrew J. Vieux and Orson Reed ? First sale of lots October ist, 1836. Who can tell ? Who were Kimball & Porter, whose advertisement appeared in 46 PIONEER history the Advertiser in 183650 often? As this question has often been asked the author, he will say for the benefit of the future historian, that Kimball & Porter were a Chicago firm, who furnished the goods in the Pioneer store of A. O. P. Breed, in 1835-6-7. They never lived in Milwaukee, The firm of S. B, Ormsby, who also appear in the same paper, were from Buffalo, and remained here but a short time, about s'xty days, when they sold out at auction. What is the present name of the river known in 1836 as Black River, that enters Lake Michigan about forty five miles north from Milwaukee? Who can tell? Pioneer Historical Society. Milwaukee, Sept. 8, 1836. Mr. Editor : — In the advertisement of September ist, you stated that the incidents connected with the early settlement of this section of the west, by the French, are full of startling interest, and that it was a matter of regret that those acquainted with them, have not given them a more lasting record than mere tra dition. We are now happy to have it in our power, to state to your readers, that a society is about being established here under the name of the Milwaukee Academy of Science and Literature, one of the objects of which is the collection and pres ervation of such facts as will tend to illustrate the history of Wisconsin. This was undoubtedly the conception of the present State Histor ical Society. Attention. The proprietors of the southwest quarter of Section thirty, of this town, (Milwaukee) intend laying out a part of it in town lots, and bringing them into market in the course of the season. On this quarter section is, we believe, the only valuable lime stone quarry in or about Milwaukee. Should a harbor be constructed, the stone in this quarry will be very useful, it being at the head of navigation on the Menomonee River. The part intended to be laid out contains about seventy acres of table land, some fifty feet above the marsh, covered with oak and hickory trees, resembhng the oak openings of Michigan, and com mands a fine view of the Milwaukee Bay and the Menomonee Valley. — Milwaukee Advertiser, August i8th, 1836. OF MILWAUKEE. 47 This seventy acre tract is that portion of the fourth ward lying between Twelfth and Twenty-fourth Streets, and the ward line and Grand Avenue. The quarry is the one so long known as Pettibone's Lime Kilns, now the property of H. R. Bond. I think, however, that it was not laid out at that time, but that the tract that was laid out was the south-east quarter of Section thirty, which was known as Finch's addition, now Roger's subdivision, which was platted and recorded and in which several lots were sold in 1836. Election. The following copy of the returns of the election of 1836* was furnished me by Col. Frank Putney, Asst. Secretary of State, for which he has my thanks. To Hon. Henry Dodge, Governor of the Territory of Wisconsin: Wisconsin Territory, ) County of Milwaukee. ) I, Henry M. Hubbard, Sheriff of said County, hereby certify that it appears from the Returns of the Election held in said County on the loth inst. October, for the purpose of electing a delegate to Congress from said Territory, two Coun cillors, and three Members of Assembly from said County, and one Colonel, one Lieutenant Colonel, and one Major for said County: That for Delegate to Congress — George W. Jones received 750 votes ; Moses Meeker received I vote; Jack Downing received I vote; FrankUn Emerson re ceived I vote. For Councillors — Gilbert Knapp received 437 votes; George Reed received 356 votes; Alanson Sweet received 419 votes; William See received 287 votes; Samuel Marrs received i vote; Capt. Knapp received i vote. For Assembly — William B, Sheldon received 727 votes; George S. Willis re ceived 367 votes; Benjamin H. Edgerton received 330 votes; Madison W, Corn wall received 373 votes; Charles Durkee received 391 votes; H, Chase received I vote; S, Inman received i vote; G, Reed received 2 votes; Henry F, Jones received 20 votes; George S. Reed received i vote; B. F. Edgerton received i vote. For Colonel — Benoni W. Finch received 357 votes; James Clyman received 358 votes; William Redding received 5 votes; Olney Harrington received 5, votes. For Lieutenant Colonel — Nelson Allen received 345 votes, Isaac Butler re ceived 372 votes; Stephen Mushgrove received 5 votes; David Crosset received I vote. For Major — ^T. A. Holmes received 292 votes; Alfred Orrendorff received 332 *This is the same election mentioned in Volume I., page 28, but here the full returns are given. 48 PIONEER HISTORV votes; Sylvester Holmes received 44 votes; A, J. 'Vieux received 30 votes; E, Cramer received 5 votes; Silaver received 2 votes. And that it appears from said Returns, that Gilbert Knapp and Alanson Sweet are elected to the Council from this County: and that William B. Sheldon, Madi son W, Cornwall and Charles Durkee are elected to the Assembly from this County; and that James Clyman is elected Colonel, Isaac Butler Lieutenant Col onel, and Alfred Orrendorff Major for this County, H. M. Hubbard, Sheriff, Milwaukee, 15th October, 1836, To Hon. Henry Dodge, Gov. Wis. Ter., Belmont, Wisconsin. [Return of Sheriff Milwaukee Co,] The large vote at this election is accounted for by the fact that many who voted left in a few days, as there was certainly no such number as 750 legal voters in Milwaukee in the winter of 1836, there being not over 1,300 all told in the town, men, women and children. But all who were here on election day no doubt voted. 1837- The James Madison. A new steamboat of seven hundred tons burden, intended for the Buffalo and Chicago trade, and the upper lakes generally, with the exception of Green Bay, has been launched at Erie. She is the largest boat on the lake, has thirty-six state rooms, containing two berths each, and room for twenty-fi-\?e hundred barrels freight. As she does not run to Green Bay, which has usually delayed boats for two or three days, we can expect much more speedy trips during the coming season than last summer. She will leave Buffalo for the upper lakes on the 17th of May. — Milwaukee Advertiser of January 28th, 1837. The Madison, mention of which was made in volume I, page 87, was a powerful boat. Her engine was low pressure, and her exhaust could be heard for twenty miles. No boat on the lakes ever made as much money for her owners in the space of time as the Madison, She came to Milwaukee, as stated in my history, May 28th, 1837. Her hull was converted into a lumber barge, in which capacity she was finally lost. Note. — The James Madison, although considered a monster when built, was soon reduced to a yawl, comparatively, by the construction OF MILWAUKEE 49 of the Great Western, the Wisconsin, the Northern Indiana, the Southern Michigan, and several other mammoth side-wheelers, a few years later. She was a great favorite, however, with the traveling public while she did run, and a wonderfully lucky boat. Agricultural Society, On page no. Volume I., mention was made of the formation of an agricultural society. The following is a copy of the constitution of the society, with the certificate of membership of Albert Fowler attached thereto : Constitution of the Milwaukee County Agricultural Society. Sec. I. This Society shall be called the Milwaukee County Agricultural So ciety. Sec 2. Any person residing in the County of IVIilwaukee may become a mem ber of this Society, by signing the constitution, and paying annually the sum of one dollar, and honorary members may be admitted by a vote of the Society, Sec, 3, The officers of this Society shall be a President, three Vice-Presidents, a Secretary and corresponding Secretary, a Treasurer and seven Directors, who shall hold their offices for one year, and until their successors are duly elected, and they shall together constitute a board of Directors, to manage the affairs of the Society, five of whom shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but they shall not be entitled to any compensation for their services. Sec. 4. There shall be an annual meeting of this Society, held at Milwaukee on the first Tuesday of October in each year, for the purpose of electing officers and transacting such other business as may be deemed necessary ; and the Presi dent shall give at least three weeks notice of the time and place of holding said meetings. Sec. 5. It shall be the duty of the President, or in his absence a Vice-President to preside at all meetings of the Society, and of the Board of Directors. Sec. 6, It shall be the duty of the Secretary to keep a record of the proceed ings of this Society, and of the Board of Directors. Sec. 7. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to collect and take charge of the funds of this Society ; to pay the same on the order of the President, and to re port to the Board of Directors, when by them required, the state of the funds. He shall give bonds to the satisfaction of the Board, for the faithful performance of his duties as Treasurer. Sec. 8. No member shall be allowed to vote at any meeting of tlie Society, who is in arrears with the Treasurer, Sec. 9. This constitution may be amended at any annual meeting, two-thirds of the members present voting in favor of such amendment. Sec. 10. The officers elected at this meeting shall hold their offices until the first annual meeting in October, I837. 7 50 PIONEER HISTORY Sec II. The funds of this Society shall be disposed of at the discretion ofthe Board of Directors, Sec 12. There shall be a meeting of the Society whenever any five of the directors shall so direct, after giving one week's public notice, Milwaukee, March i6, 1837. This is to Certify, That Albert Fowler, Esq., having signed the constitution, and paid the initiation fee, is a member of the Milwaukee County Agricultural Society. Samuel Hinman, Treasurer. Some trouble arose about this time among the masons, in conse quence of the carpenters making contracts to include their part of the work ; but it was short lived. They held a meeting and passed some windy resolutions, and that ended it. Several resolutions were also passed at this time to prevent gam bling and other vices, which showed that the morals of the people were improving. The following article, copied from the Globe, and previously pub- lislied in the Belmont Gazette, shows the feeling of rivalry existing between the various towns in the Territory : The editor of the Advertiser, in his criticisms in his paper of Jan uary 28th, writes as follows : The writer in the Globe says Milwaukee is the principal town in the Territory. This is an error. Milwaukee is one of the principal towns of the Territory, but is not the largest. Dubuque, on the west side of the Mississippi, has perhaps a greater population, and enjoys, to say the least, as many natural advantages as Milwaukee. Burlington, in Des Moines county, on the west side of the Missis sippi, Mineral Point, in Iowa county, and Green Bay, in Brown county, are all towns of nearly the same size as Milwaukee. — Editor Belmont Gazette. We do not think it would materially affect the permanent interest of our place to let this statement stand ; but as it might with some, we will take the liberty to correct it, Tho town of Milwaukee, dating from its first commencement, is now about eighteen months old, and contains about fifteen hundred inhabitants. Dubuque, as far as our information goes, contains about the same ; Burlington about five hundred; Mineral Point about three hundred, and Green Bay (as the gentleman calls it,) about six hundred. We do not know of any town called "Green Bay," but suppose by this name is included the OF MILWAUIJEE. 51 towns of Navireno, Astor, Menomineeville and Depere, which lie along the east bank of Fox river, from the head of the bay to the Rapids De Pere, six miles in extent along shore. At the September election, the town of Milwaukee alone gave nearly five hundred votes, while the whole county of Brown, includ ing the town of Green Bay, gave only three hundred and thirty, or thereabouts. It should also be borne in mind that Green Bay has been in the process of settiement over ten years. Mineral Point about eight, Dubuque and Burlington about three. The writer no doubt had reference to Wisconsin east of the Mississippi, or he would un doubtedly not have overlooked two as important towns as Burlington and Dubuque, This would appear to be the case from the way he bounds the Territory, viz : On the east by Lake Michigan, north by Green Bay, and west by the Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers. And viewed in this light, the editor of the Gazette must concede that Mil waukee, with only a year and a half's time for improvement, contains more than double the population of any other town in the Territory. — Advertiser. Lead was said to have been discovered within one mile of Milwau kee, in 1836. Query : where is it ? The littie river steamer Menomonee was built in the winter of 1837, and launched May, 1838. Of those who came in 1836, who were overlooked in Volume I., were C. M. Young, hats and caps; J. P. Fordham, wagon maker; Street & Thomas, harness makers ; Bates & Thompson, stoves ; Free man & Barker, hats and caps, on Third street, above Chestnut. And in 1835: Matthew Allen, (whose wife ran away;) Doctor Wm. Clark, Chas. Clarence, A. Gove, and Jonathan Balch.* Notice to the Public I hereby notify all persons that during last season I made a kiln of brick on the brick yard owned by B. W. Finch, and known as such, (foot of Fourteenth street,) and I discover that many persons are taking my brick, unbeknown tome. I there fore give notice that the brick in the west end of the kiln belong to me, and I *Jonathan Balch was a partner of Jacob M. Rogers in 1837-8, in the grading of the streets. He died in 1839, and Mr. Rogers was appointed his administrator, and settled his estate. I remember Mr. Balch very well, I think he was from Troy, N. Y. 52 PIONEER HISTORY hereby forbid all persons taking any brick from the west end of said kiln without my consent, I have authorized A. Sweet to take charge of the brick, and fill all contracts made by me, Lawrence Bennett. March 10, 1838. The Old Court House. A sketch of this early Temple of Justice was given in Volume I, page 79, in which the author was mistaken in stating that Judge Hubbell was tried there, as it is well known that that famous trial was at Madison. He also gave the cost of the Court House as five thousand dollars, which was the correct amount. Neither did Mr, Juneau nor any one else living in Milwaukee ever state that it cost any more. It will probably be stated in the history of Milwaukee, now being published by the Western Historical Society, on the strength of a letter from Hon, Morgan L, Martin, that its cost was between eight and nine thousand dollars ; and that the contractors were Messrs. Prentiss & Bird. This, however, is not true, as the contract and specifications under which it was built, now in my possession, will fully prove. How Mr. Martin could have made sucli a mistake I am unable to conceive, as he furnished one-half the money to build it. The timber for the Court House, the Jail and the RepubHcan House were all got out by Morgan L. Burdick, and came from the north-east quarter of Section 17, Town 7, Range 22, just above the present dam. But here 'is the contract and specifications under which it was built, which will settle this question : Milwaukee, April 2d, 1836, Specifications ofthe Court House to be built in Milwaukee, on the east side of the river; to be forty by fifty feet, with a porch of eleven feet on the front end ; the first story to be ten feet between joists ; the second to be fourteen. The sills ofthe building to be twelve inches square. Beams, ten inches by ten inches. Posts, ten by ten. Joists, three by ten, to be placed eighteen inches from center to center. Studs eighteen inches from cen ter to center. The building to be framed in five bents. The roof to be OF MILWAUKEE. 53 framed with principal rafter and perlines. The rafters to be eight by ten inches at the foot, eight inches at the head. The cupola to be twelve feet square, in the center of the building. The windows to be twelve lights, twelve by eighteen glass. There are to be twenty-one windows, to be placed in order of the plan. To be three sash doors in frontt Front end to be ceiled up with inch lumber. The rest of the building to be ceiled with good pine siding. The roof to be cased with good pine shingles five inches to the weather. The cornice to be suitable for said building, agreeable to plan. The portico to be supported by four columns. The floor of portico to be one and a half, to be faced, tongued and grooved, the joints to be laid in white lead and oil ; the portico to be plastered overhead. The floors of said building to be one and one-fourth inches, faced, tongued and grooved. Four rooms below, with hall in center, and in front, two good flights of stairs below, and one stair to extend from the second floor to the cupola. A forty-foot room above, and hall to order of plan. The building to be painted inside and out with two coats of white lead. There are to be four stacks of chimneys, to order of plan, to be plastered with three coats of pl.^stering. The building tb be set on a good stone or brick foundation, the wall to be two feet at the bottom, and one and one-half at the top, to be laid in mortar. The wall to be five feet high, two feet in ground and three feet out. The above statement of building to be done in a good, workmanhke manner. The materials of said building to be of best quality. Here follows the contract :* Articles of Agreement, Made and concluded the fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, by and between Solo mon Juneau, of the one part, and Enoch G. Darling, of the other part, WITNESSETH, That if the said Darling shall and will, within the space of four months (say to the 15th of August next, 1836,) from the date hereof, in good and workmanlike manner, and according to the best of his skill, and will well and sub stantially erect a Court House, according to the above specifications herein men tioned; that then. In consideration whereof, the said Juneau doth for himself, his heirs, executors -*The writer also has a copy of a contract made by Enoch Darling and Wm. Worthington, for the erection of a Court House or clerk's office in the town of Chicago, but which said Darling sold out to Worthington; dated at Milwaukee, February 2, 1836, f Afterwards changed to a double door, full paneled. 54 PIONEER HISTORY and administrators, covenant and promise, to and with the said Darling, his execu tors, administrators and assigns, well and truly to pay or cause to be paid unto the said Darling, his executors, administrators and assigns, the sum of five thousand dollars, in manner follo-«'ing, to-wit: eight hundred dollars when the frame is up; one thousand dollars when the house is sided; eight hundred dollars when the floors are laid; and the balance, two thousand four hundred dollars, when the house is completed. In witness whereof. The said parties of these presents have hereunto set their hands and seals, dated the day and year above written, Solomon Juneau, Enoch G, Darling. Sealed and delivered in presence of Geo, D. Dousman, Geo. S. Hosmer, The specification part of this document (which contains some grammatical errors,) is evidently in the handwriting of Mr. Darling, who, although not much of a scholar, was a good mechanic. The contract part is in the handwriting of Geo, D. Dousman, and is a beautiful piece of penmanship, similar in style to that of J.V.V, Platto. The annexed cut represents the old Court House,* together with the first county buildings; erected, in 1843, enlarged in 1846.- Also the new jail, erected in 1847, the mason work upon which was done by Mr. Sivyer, All of which buildings were pulled down in 1870-71, to make room for the present mammoth structure. This first county building, though not as ornate as the present one, was a much safer depository for the county records than the room where they are now kept, as the new Court House is by no means fire proof And, as certain as the night follows the day, unless a safer place is provided, just so certain will this county some day mourn the lo.ss of her public records. The ground plan is simply to give a general idea of the two floors. There were eight windows below, and thirteen above ; and one door below, at the end of the hall, which gave access to the jail yard. The present magnificent building will no doubt acquire a record, (in deed, it has already acquired one in some respects,) but it will never have so famous a record as did the old one. How many famous trials *The plan ofthe inside of this first Court House was drawn by Hon. Wm. A, Prentiss. But for the present sketch I am indebted to Nathaniel Merrill, of this city, for which he has my thanks. OF MILWAUKEE. 55 fM^-^ « -i"-'^ ''5; / ' ^ -' j\£' f 1, r 7 Ei , fv^ !1^ ¦'' il|l'"''MJi|, ^>^ 56 PIONEER HISTORY OF MILWAUKEE. 57 has that old building witnessed in the olden time ! How often have its wallsrang with the voices of Milwaukee's famous pleaders, among whom, as stated in Volume I., were Horatio N. Wells, John H. Tweedy, D. A. J. Uphara, James Holiday, Jonathan E. Arnold, Henry L. Palmer, Jas. S. Mallory, Wm. P, Lynde, Asahel Finch, Jr,, Jas. S. Brown, Matt. H. Carpenter, Jas. G. Jenkins, O. H. Waldo, Matt. H. Finch, and others. How many " sinners " have ascended those stairs suspected criminals, and descended them " convicted " ones, their whole future lives blasted ! It is seldom that any mirth can be extracted from a criminal trial, but I remember one, that of a young man for felony, that caused a litUe. The indictment charged him with "feloniously appropriating to him self a satchel belonging to a Catholic priest, (only think of that,) filled with religious books, among which were several ' Hail Mai-ys,' and one book entitled 'All for Jesus,' " the reading of which brought a smile upon the faces of all present, including the prisoner. He saw the point, plead guilty, and went to Waupun " lijce a little man." Even the sedate priest could not repress a smile at the absurdity of the thing. The late Judge Hubbell, who was upon the bench, had hard work to keep a straight face long enough to pa,ss sentence. I often think of that case, and the ludicrous expression upon the culprit's face, as he stood up to receive his sentence. It was cer tainly a study, I think he was soon pardoned out. This was also a famous place for conventions, many of which were held there during our early history, where the self-constituted Solons were wont to exhibit their wisdom and blarney the dear people, the same as to-day. Its cupola was also the point from whence the fire alarm was sounded, for years ; and to be the first one to reach the building and sound the alarm, was the pride of many of the boys of that period. But, Hke those who built it, its youth, as well as its use fulness, have departed ; and in the nature of things, like them, it was to pass away. Sic transit. The author will insert at this point some new matter in relation to Hon. Daniel Wells, Jr., which has come into his possession since Vol ume I, was published, which, from its official character, not only confers honor upon Mr. Wells, but properly belongs to a work of this 8 58 PIONEER HISTORY kind, as a part of the early history of our noble State when in its in fancy. The first is a copy of his commission as Justice of the Peace for the County of Milwaukee, as then organized, signed by Governor Henry Dodge, August 2, 1836. This was the first appointment and commission issued for that office under the territorial government, and was signed just twenty-nine days after the act of Congress organ izing the Territory of Wisconsin went into effect. The filling up or written portion of this document is in the handwriting of Hon, Hans Crocker. The second is his commission as Judge of Probate, dated Septem ber 4, 1838, the filling up of which is in the handwriting of Wm. B. Slaughter. The third is a commission as Commissioner in Bankruptcy, issued April 3, 1842, and is in the handwriting of Lafayette Kellogg. He will also, as a further compliment to Mr. Wells, as well as an evidence of the confidence reposed in him by his fellow townsmen in Maine, insert the following : In 1832 he was elected one of the Selectmen (a very important town office in New England,) and Town Clerk of the town of Pal myra, Somerset county, Maine. And in 1833 he was elected First Selectman, (equivalent to our Chairman of the Board of Supervisors,) Town Clerk, Assessor, Overseer of the Poor, and Town Agent,* be sides being appointed and commissioned as a Justice of the Peace for the county of Somerset, a copy of which is also given, which office he still held when he came to Wisconsin in 1835. All of which go to show that he was not only capable, but that his abilities were duly appreciated in his native State, at an early day, as well as in the State of his adoption. Few men in any country have held so many places of public trust, before they had reached the age of twenty-five years, as has Mr. Wells, particularly in New England, where the rule generally followed, was : old men for council, and young men for war. And fewer still have had so varied a life, or been so successful financially, or enjoyed a greater degree of popularity, than has Daniel Wells, Jr., one of Milwaukee's *An office yet existing in some of the New England States, OF MILWAUKEE. 59 solid men, and one who is held in high esteem throughout the entire Northwest. The following letter from Henry Warren* to Hon. Peleg Sprague, of Boston, written upon the eve of Mr. Wells' departure for the West, in 1835, is given, as showing that he had even then got a good start, financially, for a New England boy. Also a copy of the resolutions passed at a meeting held by his fellow citizens, prior to his final de parture for the West, April 19, 1836 : Palmyra, July 6, 1835, Dear Sir — Daniel Wells, Jr. , Esq., of this place, is going westward to Green Bay, etc. He is desirous of getting a letter from you that may help him in the way of his business. He has practiced surveying considerably, and I believe understands it well; has been in trade in this town several years. I believe him to be a man of integrity, who can be depended upon. He estimates his property at about $3,000; I should think it probable that he is worth that, but have no other infor mation about it than what he states. Yours truly, Henry Warren, Boston, July 11, 1835. I have been long and intimately acquainted with the Hon. Henry Warren, the writer of the within letter. He is a gentleman of the first respectability, and full reliance may be placed upon his statements, Peleg SpRague. At a meeting of the citizens of Palmyra, assembled April 19th, 1836, for the purpose of taking leave of Daniel Wells, Jr., Esq., their fellow townsman, who is about leaving for the western country, the Hon. John H. Smith was called to the chair and John Harvey appointed secretary when the following preamble and reso lution was unanimously adopted. Whereas, Daniel Wells, Jr., Esq. is about leaving us to take up his abode in the western country, and havirig been acquainted with him as his neighbor and towns man for the last five years past, it is therefore Resolved, That this meeting entertain a high opinion of his public worth and pri vate virtues — having sustained various offices of responsibility with us — we cheer fully attest to his honor and integrity, his faithfulness, competency and ability in discharging -the various duties, whether public or private, to which he has been or may be called, and consider him possessed of understanding to plan, and skill and energy to execute whatever he undertakes; and though we regret his parting from us, we cordially extend to him the hand of friendship, and our best wishes for his future happiness and welfare. John H. Smith, John Harvey, Chairman. Secretary. Palmyra, April 19th, 1836. This gentleman was a nephew of Doctor Joseph Warren, who fell at the battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775. 60 PIONEER HISTORY Hk.nry Dodge, Governor of the Territory of Wisconsin. To All to whom these Presents may come. Greeting: Know Ye, That reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity and abil ity of Daniel Wells, Jr., I have appointed him Justice of the Peace in and for the County of Milwaukee, and Territory of Wisconsin. And I do hereby authorize and empower him to execute and fulfill ihe duties of that office according to law: To Have and to Hold the said office, with all the ri^ts, privileges and emoluments thereunto belonging, until the end of the next session of the Legislative Council of the said Territory, unless the Governor of the said Territory, for the time being, should think proper sooner to revoke and determine this Commission: In testimony whereof, I have caused these Letters to be made Patent, and the Great Seal of the Terri tory to be hereunto affixed. [seal.] Given Under my Hand, at Milwaukee, the second day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, and of the Independ ence of the United States of America the sixty-first. By the Governor: H. Dodge. John S. Horner, Secretary of Wisconsin Territory, Henry Dodge, Governor of the Territory of Wisconsin. To All to whom these Presents may come. Greeting : Know Ye, That reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity and abil ity of Daniel Wells, Junior, I have appointed him Judge of Probate for the County of Milwaukee, And I do hereby authorize and empower him to execute and fulfill the duties of that office according to law: To Have and to Hold the said office, with all the rights, privileges and emoluments thereunto belonging, until the end of the next session of the Legislative Assembly of said Territory, unless the Gov ernor of the said Territory, for the time being, should think proper sooner to re voke and determine this Commission, In testimony whereof, I have caused these Letters to be made Patent, and the Great Seal of the Terri tory to be hereunto affixed, [seal, J Given Under my Hand, at Mineral Point, this 4th day of September, in the year of our I^ord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight,-.and of the Independ ence of the United States of America the sixty-third. By the Governor: Henry Dodge. W. B. Slaughter, Secretary Wisconsin Territory, OF MILWAUKEE. 61 Supreme Court of the Territory of Wisconsin. I, La Fayette Kellogg, Clerk of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Wis consin, do certify that on the ninth day of April, 1842, an order was entered on the minutes of the Court, appointing Daniel Wells, Jr., of Milwaukee County, a Commissioner of said Court, -for the County of Milwaukee, to take affidavits, depositions and proofs of debt, etc., under and pursuant to the provisions of the act of Congress in such case made and provided. In witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed the [seal.] Seal of the Court, at Madison, this ninth day of April, 1842. La Fayette Kellogg, Clerk of the Suprem.e Court of the Territory of Wisconsin. To Daniel Wells, Jk., Esq., Commissioner. State of Maine. To All xvho shall see these Presents, Greeting : Know Ye, That Samuel E, Smith, our Governor, reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, ability and discretion of Daniel Wells, Jr., Esquire, of Palmyra, hath nominated, and by and with the advice and consent of the Council, appointed the said Daniel Wells, Jr., Esquire, to be one of our Justices of the Peace, for the County of Somerset. We therefore do hereby authorize and empower him to fulfill the duties of that office according to law; to cause to be kept, the Laws and Ordinances made for the good of the Peace and the conservation of the same; and to Have and to Hold the said office, together with all the powers, privileges and emoluments thereto of right appertaining, unto him, the said Daniel Wells, Jr., Esquire, for the term of seven years, if he shall so long behave himself well in said office. In testimony whereof. We have caused these Let ters to be maae Patent, and our Seal to be hereunto affixed. [seal.] Witness, our Governor, at the Council Chamber, in Augusta, the eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-three, and of the Independence of the United State the fifty-seventh. By the Governor: R. G. Greene, Saml. E. Smith. Secretary of State. State of Maine. August i6th, 1833. Personally appeared Daniel Wells, Jr., Esquire, and took and subscribed the oaths prescribed by the Constitution of this State, and the laws of the United States, to qualify him to execute the trust reposed in him by the within commission. Before me, John H. Smith, Authorized by Dedimus Potestattm. 62 PIONEER HISTORY The following advertisement, taken from an old paper, the Somerset yournal, printed at Norridgewock, Maine, in the writer's possession, is also given, showing that Mr. Wells was once a manufacturer of textile fabrics, in the old Pine Tree State : Notice — Carding Wool. The subscriber informs his friends and the public generally, that he will con tinue to carry on carding wool the present season at Malbone's Mills in Cornville, about three miles from Skowhegan Falls, where by prompt and faithful attention 10 business he hopes to merit a continuance ol public patronage. His machinery being in good order and situated on an unfailing water privilege, he assures all who may favor him with their custom, that their work will be done at short notice and in the best workmanlike manner. Wool may be left at Mr. John Chase's in Milburn, from where it will be taken, every week, carded, and returned. His terms as usual, will be liberal, ly Produce of all kinds taken in payment for work, for which a fair price will be paid. Daniel Wells, Jr. June 8tli, 1829. REMINISCIAL. Captain Sanderson. Capt. James Sanderson, who came to Milwaukee from Cleveland, as master of the schooner Nancy Dousman, in 1835, was a man whom the old settlers cannot fail to remember for his marked peculiarities and eccentricities of character, as well as his somewhat remarkable subsequent career. He was a man of more than average natural ability, and for many years occupied a prominent position in the community; a man who was at one time in possession of abundant means, and who, had he chosen to follow a different course, would have been to-day one of Milwaukee's solid and most respected citi zens, and one whom they would have delighted to honor. Capt. Sanderson, who was a native of Rhode Island, was naturally of an uneasy and restiess disposition, and, like thousands before him, went early to sea, ; and after visiting different parts of the world in the capacity of a common sailor, finally brought up, about 1830, in Buffalo, then a young and promising inland maritime city, where, with many others, who like himself were seeking a rise in their pro fession, he hung out his shingle as a full-fledged "master mariner;" and if a temper like a hyena, backed by a will of iron and innate OF MILWAUKEE. . 63 " cussedness " enough for a plantation driver in the palmiest days of slavery, would fit a man for that position, then he was certainly quaUfied beyond a question, and entitied to a full diploma. In per son he was of medium height, compactly built, very muscular and powerful. He had dark brown hair, large, dark blue eyes, set wide apart; face large and round; a florid complexion, which was not the result of a bread and milk diet. He had an ex ceedingly nervous temperament; spoke in a sharp, imperative or commanding tone, his words, when excited, coming out in jerks. He walked fast, was as quick-motioned as a cat, and feared neither man nor devil. He would fight any one on the slightest provo cation. It was "a word' and a blow" with him, and the blow often came first. At the same time, he was occasionally generous with his money ; neither do I know, with one exception, of his ever turning any one empty away, whom he believed worthy and in need. But he was just as likely, when putting a quarter into a mendicant's hand, to tell him to " git, or he would break his his d — n neck," as anything else, and would probably do it if he did not leave. Oh, but he was a " rough one,'' One of Capt. Sanderson's peculiarities was a great passion for a good horse, and for quite a number of years he was the owner of the finest, (a Bertrand,) as well as the fastest, with the exception of Dex ter and Goldsmith Maid, that has ever been in Milwaukee ; neither is it at all certain that they could have beaten him, had he received the proper training. He was a pacer, in color a light sorrel, perfect in his proportions, and without exception, the most graceful, as well as the most powerful moving animal of the horse kind that I have ever seen. To stand at the roadside and see him pass, when under full speed, made one think of a locomotive. The Captain obtained him from a gambler in Chicago ; he came originally from Kentucky. The owners of fast nags, of whom there were several in those days in Milwaukee, were as fond of speeding them then as now, particularly in winter, and for that purpose there were two places of resort. The first was on Vliet street, the starting point being opposite the present resi dence of the Hon. William P. Lynde, and its terminus at its intersec tion with Winnebago. This was the half-mile track, where often, upon a pleasant afternoon, half the population of the town would assemble 64 PIONEER HISTORY and line the road from end to end, to enjoy the sport. Many a race have I witnessed up there, in the winter of 1837, between Nick Pow ers and Maurice Pixley, for ten, twenty, and in one instance, a hun dred dollars, just to make it interesting, you know. But the best sport, by far, was upon the river, where two well-beaten tracks were prepared, about forty feet apart, and extending from Chestnut street to Walker's Point, upon which Sanderson, ex-Mayor Horace Chase, Maurice Pixley, Nick Powers, William A. Webber and Martin C. Cur tis were wont to spin along in grand style. Powers had a little chunk of a mustang pony, in color a light bay, with a white face, that he thought could go some — and he could. Pixley was the owner of a black mare called Ellen Tree, which had no doubt been the pride of some New York swell, upon the old Har lem turnpike, in her youthful days. And although she was at that time twenty years old, blind as a bat, and rheumatic withal, still she could beat Powers. Webber drew the ribbons on a littie pony called Oconto, color, a bay, that could hold Powers a good tussle. But he made more fuss in doing it than the old propellor Vandalia used to, when racing with the James Wood, in 1842. Curtis had a meek, demure, deceitful looking old plug, called the Hoosier, in color a chestnut, with no indications of speed, that could go like the wind, and beat both Powers and Webber. Chase, who would always have a good horse, would put in an ap pearance occasionally, with his pacing pony Nelly, in color a gray, that he purchased of an Indian in 1836, for thirty-three dollars, and beat all three. But Sanderson's horse could discount them all, and not half try. He could pace faster than Chase's could run, and do it seemingly without much effort. As a proof of tiie wonderful strides this horse could make when under full headway, I will state upon the authority of Mr. Chase, who made the measurements, that when pacing from Walker's Point to the Kinnikinnick, upon the ice, in the winter of 1839, that the distance between his strides, or from where his feet left the ice until they struck it again, was twenty-two and a half feet ! This statement may seem incredible, but it is nevertheless true. I was present at the race, and well remember Mr. Chase's measuring the tracks. Could Dexter have beaten that ? OF MILWAUKEE. 65 That winter track upon the river was a great institution, and fur nished lots of amusement to the ice-bound Milwaukeans. It beat Cold Spring. There was no tug or propeller running up and down Uie river every half hour or oftener, in those days, to break the ice and spoil their fun. Sanderson's horse met with an accident which necessitated his be ing killed, I think, in 1843, and he was buried on the place with great ceremony. The Hoosier went to Chicago, where he won some distinction on the turf, and finally to New York, Of the others I know nothing, except that A, F, Pratt became the owner of Ellen Tree, and kept her at Waukesha for, several years. Whatsoever old settier reads this sketch, cannot fail to remember those horses, and ¦ those winter scenes upon the river, in the olden time. The following laughable incident occurred in connectiori with Webber's pony, Oconto, upon his advent in Milwaukee : The French man who brought him here had fastened him in front of Webber's coffee house, and in company with Juneau, A. O. T. Breed, Sam; Robinson and others, who were all competitors for his ownership, had gone inside to " wood up," Now, whether Oconto felt slighted at not having been invited in with the rest, I cannot say ; at any rate, he broke his halter, jumped through the window, and landed right in the midst of the crowd, in front of the bar, kicked over the stove, and made his exit through the other window, after which he gave a snort, which said plainly enough, " How is that for high ?" Perhaps the Frenchman, if no one else, was satisfied that- it was high, when the bill for damages was presented, as everything was done by hand in those days, and carpenter work, as well as lumber, cost money. Web ber had to keep his window boarded up over a week, before the new sash was ready. Another amusement in which the old pioneers used to indulge, was Turkey Shooting. This time-honored frontier pastime was an almost daily occurrence in the winter, at the point near the head of Barclay street. The tur keys were set up on the ice, which made it the more difficult to hit them, particularly when, as was often the case, they happened to be white ; and I have seen as many as fifty shots made at one of those 9 66 pioneer history white turkeys, before he was hit, as it was almost impossible to see them when placed upon the ice, one hundred and fifty yards distant. Among the best shots at these gatherings were Pliny Young, Drs. E. B. Wolcott, A. L. Castieman and Thos. J, Noyes, John Childs, John Corbin, Benj, Ackley, Wm. A. Rice, myself, Capt. Sanderson, and a few others. The Captain, however, seldom failed to win his full share of the birds, as he was a good shot with a rifle. As an illustration of what kind of a man Sanderson was when on the war-path, I will relate a littie incident (part of which I witnessed,) that occurred in the summer of 1838, in which a Mr. Pratt, who kept a one-horse tavern at Silver Lake, in Waukesha county, came to grief. Pratt had come into Milwaukee on some business connected with his tavern, which he had dispatched, and having a littie time to spare, filled up with " benzine," and started out for a lark. He strolled around until his evil genius, or the devil, (probably the latter,) brought him in sight of the Captain's residence, with whom he soon got into difficulty and was promptly ordered off the premises. Not obeying the order, it was enforced by the Captain, and Pratt saw more stars in the next three minutes than he could have counted in a month. He got a tremendous flogging, after which he was told to " git," and you can bet a dollar and a half that he did. He started for the street, closely followed by the irate Captain, who was blaspheming at a fear ful rate, the adjectives, brimstone coated, coming out of his mouth in a showers, and with a spat or vim, like the charges from a Roman candle ; while between every two or three words, he got in a kick, by way of punctuation, that would lift the unfortunate Pratt clear from the ground, and send him forward like a foot-ball, he all the time yell ing " murder!" at the top of his voice. As they neared the street, Sanderson concentrated all his energies for a parting salute, and gave him what the late Sut. Lovingood would call a " slathering calamity," fairly lifting him on to the fence, face down ; and while in that position, lent him a whack square on the end of his back with the flat of a spade, that, fo use Pratt's own words, two years afterwards, " besides knocking him into the street, nearly drove the durned thing over his head, and made it numb for a week," and wound up the description by stating that " if all the billy- OF MILWAUKEE. 67 goats in the State had been embodied in one, and that one had laid for him, it couldn't have shaken him up any worse." I believed him, for he looked as if he had been through a smut machine. The proof of the statement that man is " fearfully and wonderfully made," was fully illustrated in Pratt's case. But I think he must have been put together with bolts, to have stood what he got, and not come apart, I think I see him now, as he looked when flying through the air, from the effects of that blow, and Sanderson standing on the other side of the fence, with a grin upon his face, which indicated his satisfaction at the result of his work. The unlucky Pratt, however, soon picked himself up, and (as the poet Egbert Herring Smith would probably have stated it,) lit " ouit " for the evergreen shores of Silver Lake ; he had enjoyed all the lark that he wanted. He used to threaten to shoot the Captain, afterwards occasionally, but he never did. Sanderson' took quite an active part in politics in the infancy of our city, but with very little success as far as he himself was con cerned. He had no definite or settled political faith or opinions of his own, and was sometimes for Kilbourn and sometimes for Sweet, the two great poUtical leaders in those days, just as fancy or interest would dictate. In religious faith, however, if it can be called such, he was an infi del, first, last, and every time. He beUeved in no hereafter, and in not much of any thing here. He was, however, possessed of more natural shrewdness in some things than many gave him credit for, and could often obtain what he wanted easier than most men, simply on account of his unUmited cheek. He was not hampered with a con science, but always acted wholly from impulse. If he owed a man and could pay him as well as not, he would often refuse to do it un less the creditor would take fifty cents on the dollar, or any amount in fact, that he chose to offer him. I'his I know from personal expe rience. Capt. Sanderson settled upon a portion, forty acres, of the northeast quarter of Section 5, Town 6, Range 22, Town of Lake, in J 836, where he built a frame house and a barn, a part of which are yet standing, on Grove street, just south of Railroad street. The house was a good one for that early day, but is a mere shell now. This was his home until he left the city. The property is now known 68 PIONEER HISTORY as Bradley & Metcalf 's addition. There was a fine orchard upon it planted by the Captain himself, of which several trees are now stand ing and bearing fruit. He was the owner at one time of what is known upon the map as Milwaukee proper ; half of which he after wards sold to Alanson Sweet. The money, however, for this, as well as what he got for the remainder, was soon squandered. He owned the southwest quarter of Section 32, afterwards known as the Bryant place, and eighty acres in the southeast quarter of Sec tion 31, a part of the old Burnett claim, now the property of Clark Shepardson ; all of which he sold for a song. He was also the owner ofthe northwest quarter of Section 32, half of which he sold in 1835 to James McMartin, and in 1836 forty acres more to Stephen V. R. Norris, both for a nominal consideration. The fourteen acres, in round numbers, that fell to him in the subdivision of the remaining forty, was sold in 1846 to the late Ciiarles E. Wunderly, for $1,850.* This ground is now occupied by Pfister & Vogel's tannery. Best's south side brewery. Madam Wunder-Iy's private residence, the Mil waukee & St. Paul Railroad Co., and others, and is worth a large amount of money. He also purchased an interest in the old steamer Globe, about 1850, which was run one season between Chicago and Buffalo, with him as commander, and was the immediate resulting cause of his social and financial ruin. He had been on the down grade for several years, but from that time his course was rapid, until he was com pelled, in 1853, to seU his homestead, forty acres, to William B. Martin, a brother of the late James B. Martin, for the nominal sum of four thousand dollars. Martin sold it in 1854 to Messrs. Bradley & Metcalf for ten thousand dollars, by whom it was platted into lots and sold. These forty acres are probably worth to-day two hundred thousand dollars. With what he could save out of this sale, (for he had run through "The author has in his possession a contract made by Joshua Hathaway, as District Surveyor, with Milo Jones (now living at Fort Atkinson,) for Capt. San derson, for the survey of this quarter into lots, dated at Milwaukee, December 25, 1835. The work, however, was, I believe, never executed, on account of Jones being unable to procure a compass within the time stipulated. Besides, the contract contained a clause which let him off in case he was unable to procure one. And it is also certain that the quarter was subsequently sold, as stated in the sketch. ' OF MILWAUKEE. 69 everything else, and was badly in debt besides,) he left for California, there lo commence life anew in his old age. He was accompanied by some of the disreputable companions with whom he had asso ciated constantly for years, and left his family to the tender mercies of the world. His further downward career after his arrival in the land of gold, was, as might have been expected, extremely rapid. He had become completely demoralized, and sank lower and lower in the social scale, until the last known of him, he was working in alivery stable for a small pittance and his whisky.- If now living, he is no doubt in that or a similar position. There was a rumor afloat, about six years ago, that he had experi enced reUgion and was class leader in the Methodist church, and was about to return to Milwaukee as a missionary. But as the days of miracles were past, this was not believed, and afterwards proved to be a mistake. His family followed him in 1854, going across the plains, but were not living with him when last heard from; neithev did he aid or assist them in any way after their arrival, but was wholly given up to his idols. Such is substantially the record of one who held the cards, in 1836, which, if properly handled, would have m.ade him a millionaire. Few, if any, of the early men had as good a foothold, or occupied a better position at that time, than did he; and'certainly there are none, as far as I can remember, who have sunk as low as has James Sander son, And his disgraceful career only furnishes one more proof of the truth of the old adage that if, as he professed to believe,, there is no Ufe beyond the grave, it pays a man to be virtuous, as well as honest, in this. James H, Wheelock. I will commence this reminiscence with a short sketch of James H. Wheelock, who came to Milwaukee in 1836, with a stock of goods, which were sold to Mr. Harmon, of Chicago, in exchange for some lots in Milwaukee. Mr, Wheelock was a nephew of Col, Jonathan Wheelock, -of Green Bay, and a brother of Benj. F. Wheelock, now of Medford, Taylor county, who will be remembered by many of the old settlers as having located in 1837 upon the southwest quarter. Section 23, Town 7, Range 70 PIONEER HISTORY 2i,WauWatosa, now a part ofthe G, D. Dousman estate, where he re sided until 1846. J, H, was also a brother ot H. H., Ira and Dunham Wheelock, of Hartford, Wis, Thif was the claim spoken of in my Pioneer History as the one upon which I made the improvements in the winter cf 1836, working for my board; neither does the recollec tion of any labor I ever performed in Wisconsin come oftener to my mind, or afford me greater pleasure, than the clearing of those five acres, .and the erection of that block house in the winter of 1836-7. 'But to return. James H. Wheelock was as perfect a specimen of manly beauty as ever came to this city. In height he was five feet ten inches ; weight, one hundred and eighty pounds. He had Ught auburn hair, com plexion sUghtly florid, large, expressive brown eyes, in which a mis chievous smile was always lurking. He was, in fact, a man who would command respect and attention anywhere. In physical strength he was a young Hercules ; and as for fear, I do not think he ever knew what that was. When a classmate of mine at the Military Academy at Norwich, Vermont, then kept by my father, he was my companion in many a skirmish with the young students at old Dartmouth, where both courage and muscle were required to take us through ; and we always went through. He was quick to decide, and prompt to act, two qualities which always make a successful man, and which always win; and without which no man ever did, or ever will make a noticeable figure in the world, in any capacity or position. He was proud and high-spirited, but the very soul of honor ; and to see him take the starch, so to speak, out of the bullies with whom he often came in contact in those early times, was a treat. I do not think there was a man Uving in those days in Milwaukee, who could handle him. I have seen several, some of them yet Uving, make the attempt, and get badly fooled. Mr. Wheelock was elected one of the constables in Milwaukee in 1838, and one of his first official acts was to arrest a Mr. Dougherty, an old granger, then Uving at Pewaukee Lake, who, armed with a gun, had put to flight the sheriff (the late Owen Aldrich,) and his assistants, who had previously made the attempt to arrest him for breaking with a club the arm of a man, whose name I have for- OF MILWAUKEE. 71 gotten. He, Dougherty, threatened to shoot any and every one who came near him with a warrant, causing them to return to Milwaukee with drooping feathers and sadly out of temper at their discomfiture, and affirming if any one wished for the privilege of executing that writ, he was welcome to their fees. Wheelock laughed at them, and at once started, unarmed and alone, for the seat of war. As he came in sight of the cabin, Dougherty, who had been warned of his ap proach, appeared at the door, gun in hand, sans coat and hat, his hair standing erect like the quills of the fretful porcupine, and in language more expressive than polite, warned Wheelock to keep off, and threat ened that he would certainly shoot him if he came any nearer. To this menace, however, Wheelock paid no attention, but walking de liberately up to the door, he knocked the gun from Dougherty's hand, took him by the nape of the neck, jerked him out of the cabin, and turning him partly around, administered a kick which made the old buzzard think he had fallen a mile and struck on an anvil; and without further ceremony, Wheelock started with him for Mil waukee. About half way in, night overtook them, when Wheelock gave the old man his choice, to lie down with him and behave him self, or be tied to a tree. He laid down. Reaching town the next day, Dougherty was tried, convicted, and returned to Pewaukee a wiser, if not a better man. Mr, Wheelock's claim was upon the northwestern quarter of Sec tion 9, Town 7, Range 19 Town of Pewaukee, now a part of the Asa Clark estate. He left Wisconsin in July, 1838, went to sea in a whaler, one voyage and part of another, when he was promoted to the com mand of a ship belonging to some merchants at Tahiti, Society Islands. He died there in April, 1848, leaving a fortune of fifty thousand dol lars, as his share of the vessel's earnings among the South Sea Islands in five years. My mind often reverts to J. H. 'Wheelock, and the pleasant days we spent together in our youth. He was a true friend. He sleeps beneath the feathery palm, far away from home and kin dred, with the moaning of old ocean's ever restless waves for his requiem. James P. More, Or "Gasey Jini," as he was usually called by the unregenerate boys 72 PIONEER HISTORY of those ea,rly days, came in June, 1836, and no doubt many yet liv ing will remember him for his eccentricities of character. Mr. More was by occupation a tin-smith, and among the first, if not the first, to open a shop of that kind in the embryo city, which he did upon the old Point, south side, where he remained for several years, doing a little now and then of what there was to be done in that Une. In person, Mr. More was of rather more than medium height, slightiy built ; he had red hair, blue eyes and florid complexion ; his face, which was large and round, was thickly covered with freckles. He walked with a quick, nervous stride, with his hands usually thrust in his poqkets, and his eyes cast upon the ground. He was as obstinate as a Texas mule and always in a hurry, but Uke the festive hornet, it was difficult at times to tell what he was in a hurry about. Hard work and Jim must have had a serious faUing out in his boyhood, for they were sworn enemies. He was as lazy as a shingle maker, and as untrustworthy financially, as a Chicago savings bank. He was an inveterate story teUer, and would talk from morning until night, if he could get any one to listen to him. His favorite pastimes were fishing, hunting or boating upon the lake, where he had several narrow escapes from drowning on account of carrying so much sail as to capsize his boat, remaining in the water upon one occasion, on a Sunday, in the spring of 1838, over three hours before he was dis covered and rescued. He belonged to that class of men who are never satisfied with their present condition ; he was as restless as the waves and as unstable as the winds. One of Mr. More's peculiarities was a fondness for religious excitement, and although not a member of any church, he would, anywhere at any time, on the impulse of a moment, sing and shout in the most approved camp meeting style, with the tears running down his face Uke rain, for half an hour at a time, just out of devilment. He was easily led astray and as easily deceived, and was consequentiy very unsuccessful, and as a business ss man a complete failure. There were more angles in his disposi tion thah there are in the forty-seventh problem of Euclid, and it made no difference which side of an argument you took, Jim was sure to take the opposite, with his bristles aU set for a fight. He argued much as a bull does when chained to a post ; let him paw and bellow as much as he pleases, he can't get away from the post. Like the burdock, he bore no fruit, but lots of burrs. OP MILWAUKEE 73 Mr. More's claim was made upon the southwestern quarter of Sec tion 31, Town 7, Range 20, Town of Brookfield. He was not any more successful however as a farmer than as a tin-smith, and finally after struggling along a few years he got disheartened, and returned to Newark, Ohio, his native place, where for several years he Hved the same shildess life he did here, and where he died a few years ago. Poor Jim ! his weU marked features, as weU as his eccentricities, often come to mind, even at this late day. He was, however, only one among the countless thousands who, although considered as men upon the great checker board of Ufe, move they ever so often or so continuously, never by any possibiUty, have the luck to reach the king row. Pleasant Fields. I wiU close this reminiscence with a short sketch of Pleasant Fields, or un-Pleasant Fields, as he was more frequently called by his com panions; on account of his idiosyncrasies of temper. He made a claim upon the northeast quarter of Section 19, Town 7, Range 21, Town of Brookfield, May 21, 1837. Mr, Fields, who was a native of Indiana, was one of the most sin gular mortals, in some respects, that it was ever my fortune to meet. In person, like Miss Lucy Long, he was tall, six feet or over ; but the other line of the couplet would not apply to him, for he certainly was not handsome. He was quite broad across the shoulders, but taper ing gradually from there down, which gave him somewhat the ap pearance of an inverted step-ladder. He had dark hair, eight inches or more in length, and so thick as to cover his shoulders like a mat. He had the sallow or swarthy complexion so common to the natives of the Hoosier State, the natural result of a diet of buttermilk and watermelons. He walked with a long, swinging gait, or lope, but was never in a hurry ; and in laziness would have made a good match for Tim Wooden. He was not a man calculated to make friends, on account of his extreme selfishness and crusty temper. He was fond of cards and the flowing bowl, and enjoyed a practical joke, par ticularly if he himself was not its victim. He had long arms, and large, dark blue eyes. He stooped a Uttie, and seldom or never looked you square in the face. He was not much of a talker, being too lazy for that. 74 pioneer history He was one who, with M. L. Burdick, Andrew J. Lansing, Rodney J. Currier, Uttie Pixley, (not the late J. W. Pixley,) Benjamin F. Wheelock, D. W. Patterson, and others, who were boarders at the old Cottage Inn in 1836, helped make that pioneer hashery at times, par ticularly nights, a perfect pandemonium. It was not an uncommon thing for aU who slept in the upper story of that old rookery, some forty in number, on mattresses placed on the floor, to change places during the night without any volition on their own part. No sooner would one gel fast asleep, than some one on the watch would seize him by the foot and jerk him to the other side of the room, before you could count six. Another favorite game with these festive youths was to make all hands sit up in their beds, and Ue down al the word three, some one acting as director. Now, as it is an utter impossibility for forty or fifty men to perform this feat in unison without a vast amount of drilUng, the finale can be imagined. But woe to the impatient or stubborn youth or man who failed to make the attempt, or keep on making it as long as these worthies fell inclined lo continue the fun. It was upon one of these midnight orgies that they gave Hoosier John the thirty-six grains of calomel, which had such a wonderful effect as to cause him to think he had an overflow of the gall ; and it probably did overflow a little. But to return. Mr. Fields, after loafing around here a few years, during which he spent most of his valuable time in the saloon of Uncle George Knapp, al Kilbourn town, and similar places, finally left for newer scenes, bringing up al last in California, where a state of things more con genial to his tastes existed, than Milwaukee could furnish, after the wildness of the first four years had passed away, and where he accu mulated quite a little fortune in the mines, by gambling and selling whisky. He came back in 1854 to Grant county, where he had a farm, which he sold for fifteen hundred dollars, and took in payment a check on the Onondaga County Bank, went East, and on his re turn with the money, was chloroformed and robbed, or claimed that he was, in a barber shop at Dunkirk, N. Y. Quite a noise was made about it at the lime, some doubting and some believing it. He finaUy, I beUeve, recovered his watch and a part of the money. This mis fortune so discouraged him that he returned to California, and went OF MILWAUKEE. 75 finally to Humboldt Bay, in Oregon, where he made a claim. Of his subsequent career I have no knowledge. Mr. Fields belonged to that class of men, quite numerous in our day, who live, or attempt to live, by their wits. And it must be ad mitted in his case, as well as in that of thousands of others, that the capital invested, as weU as the income derived therefrom, was exceed ing small. I believe he was never married. David S. Hollister. I win give in this reminiscence a sketch of David S. HoUister, who came to Milwaukee from Newark, Ohio, in June, 1836, making the entire journey by land. This was no smaU undertaking in that early day, through a region where public roads were almost entirely unknown, and requiring plenty of nerve, as well as skill in the man agement of a team, to be successfully accompUshed, He was accompanied by his wife, one child, then about two and a half years old ; and as a companion for Mrs. HoUister, a lady friend, a Miss Hannah BeU, now Mrs. I. S. Bigelow, of IndianapoUs. He also brought an English lad named Francis Metcalf, whom in the kindness of his heart he had adopted, who became a useful and hon ored member of society, and who died a few years since. Mr. HoUister also brought about five thousand dollars in money, the accumulation of a short mercantile career in Ohio, as solid capi tal, besides, as fictitious capital, a pocket well filled with titles to vil lage lots in Michigan City, Kankakee, Calumet, Sheboygan, Port Washington, and other embryo cities, then just springing up aU along the lake, that were held and sold for fabulous prices then, but many of which would not sell to-day for enough to pay for recording the deeds ; and even the location of some of them has, no doubt, been forgotten. In person Mr. HoUister was of medium height, and weighed about a hundred and forty pounds. He had dark hair, and large dark eyes ; his forehead was high, and wide ; face, oval ; he had dark complex ion. His voice was somewhat musical in tone; he spoke sharp and quick, often in the imperative tone. He was always cool and col lected, never losing his self-control. He looked you square in the face when addressing you, particularly if seeking a trade, with an 76 pioneer history expression indicating to any one possessed of .ordinary inteUi gence that the person under observation was not only being inter viewed, but that {lis measure was also being taken at the same time, and by a workman, too. He seemed to know your very thoughts. He was sharp and keen, and whoever undertook to beat him in a trade would need to get up early in the morning, for he could skin a man out of all he had, and get his note besides, oh, so easy 1 He would have been a good match for the smartest-tongued lightning- rod agent in the country ; and that is a big word. He was ready every time, and while talking you into a trade, would put on an ex pression so "childlike and bland " as to as to completely remove your suspicions,, if you had any, that he was after your wealth. And to get the better of him in a trade was something worth boasting of He was also one of the most active men who ever came here. He was never idle a moment, and was always cognizant of ever3'thing that was going on around him. Mr. HoUister was not long in getting hold of sufficient real estate in Milwaukee that, had he held on to it until now, would have made him very wealthy. But his fondness for trading, together with an inordinate love of money, prompted him, as it did many others, to go in debt beyond his ability to pay, and, as a natural sequence, like many of his compeers, when the fuU force of the crash of 1837 came, he went to the waU, and in the end was compelled to leave for newer fields. He was full of schemes for making money, but no finan cial skill was able to avert the shock of that fatal year, unless one had a mint from which to draw fresh supplies. Those out of business were the lucky ones then. In political faith Mr. Hollister, though acting with the Whig party in the main, was an out-and-out Abolitionist, and as fearless and out spoken upon the subject of slavery as any one who ever Uve here, not excepting Sherman M. Booth or the Hon. Edward D, Holton, and was among the first in Milwaukee to befriend a slave when fleeing from his master, and to assist him in reaching Canada ; and he always did it openly. Mr. H. ran for the Assembly in 1838 upon that issue, the Hon. C. H. Larkin stumping the county for him. But notwithstanding aU this, he was defeated, Abolitionism not being a very popular doctrine in Wisconsin at that time. OF MILWAUKEE. 77 In reUgious faith Mr. H. was a deep water Baptist of the old school, and a deacon. He had also been licensed as a local preacher, but so far as I know, never officiated in that capacity in Milwaukee. He could buy and sell lots better than he could preach, and was more at home when engaged in that than in the pulpit. But he always paid UberaUy for the support of the gospel, besides giving the use of his house when wanted for preaching, there being , no church upon the south side in those days. There were some, however, who were un charitable enough to say that this generous act was done more from policy than principle, and that he used his reUgion for a net in which to catch gudgeons. That he caught some in that way occasionally, is perhaps true, one instance of which, known to many of the old settiers as the " egg trade," or "praying for eggs," I wiU relate. The victim upon this occasion was a Mr. Prentiss, who owned and occupied a farm in Genesee, Waukesha county, for twenty-five years or more, and where, if living, he still resides. This gentieman, who was also from Ohio, had brought a stock of merchandise to Milwau kee in the faU of 1836, amounting in value to five thousand dollars or more, consisting of dry goods, groceries, provisions, boots and shoes, dried fruit, and last, but not least, as a special venture, forty-two bar rels of eggs, upon which a goodly profit was expected, eggs being worth at that time, seventy-five cents per dozen in Milwaukee, even if a littie past their prime. And tradition has it that these particular eggs, if not old enough to vote, were certainly entitled to take out their first papers. No sooner had Mr. HoUister got his eye on those goods, when it became at once the desire of his heart to possess them ; and for that purpose at once sought an interview with the owner, who was also a deacon, to whom he intimated his wiUingness to purchase the entire stock, in exchange for some lots which might, as far as Deacon Prentiss was concerned, have been located in the moon, for he never got a penny out of them.* Deacon HoUister was not long in convincing Deacon Prentiss that he had a soft thing in those lots — and he had — and the preliminaries were soon arranged. Deacon Prentiss, though apparently wiUing, and even anxious to trade, still asked for a little time, giving as a rea- ¦*These lots were located in Mechanicsville, a paper town located near where Humboldt is now. 78 PIONEER HISTORY son that he had always found it beneficial to sleep over a transaction of that magnitude. But Deacon Hollister was anxious to close the trade at once, it being on a Saturday ; and unless he could do so, he foresaw a hard winter ahead. And as he had often found relief in prayer when in a tight place, he proposed that the matter be decided that way. To this Deacon Prentiss assented, and they accordingly knelt down ; and the result was, that Deacon Hollister won the goods, eggs and all. There was quite an excitement about this trade at- the time, some intimating that Deacon Prentiss ought to be examined for the honors of a lunatic asylum, giving as a reason, that any man who could be coaxed into exchanging five thousand dollars' worth of goods for all the lots in every one-horse town on the lake, as things were then, must be a "little off." I think this was the most effective busihess prayer ever made in this city. Could Len. Kennedy* have beaten it? Mr. HoUister was among the number who believed that the south side was the place where properly Milwaukee ought to be; and although owning property in nearly every part of the town, he chose that side for his home, and where he secured a large interest. He located upon the south half of block 99, in the present fifth ward, where he erected, in the summer of 1836, the most substantial frame dwelling in that part of the town. This house, which is yet ktanding upon the spot where it was erected, is in the best state of presfervation of any of the early buildings, and known as No. 318 Hanover street. Here he Uved untU the fall of 1838, when he removed to tne sub urban residence erected upon the southeast quarter of Section 36, Town 7, Range 21, Wauwatosa, now the homestead of Col. WiUiam H. Jacobs, where he remained until June, 1839, when he left the country, temporarily, as he supposed ; but fate had ordained other wise, and he never saw Milwaukee again. Meantime his creditors, finding he was not Ukely to return, went for his property, which was all heavily mortgaged, and the whole was sold under fore closure. The homestead ¦ on Hanover street, together with the warehouse on the Point, built in 1838, known as the Checkered Warehouse, including several additional lots, passed into the hands of ¦*The reference to Kennedy will be appreciated by those who were at the morn ing meetings at Plymouth church in the winter of 1857-8, OF MILWAUKEE. 79 Doctor L. W. Weeks, who occupied them for some years, when the house was sold to its present owner. Mr. Hollister went first to Ohio, where, in connection with a Mr. Willis, who had kept a tavern on the Chicago road in 1837-8-9, and one or two others, he purchased the charter of the bank of West Union, a " wild-cat " institution, and commenced to circulate the bills, Mr. WUlis taking New Orleans for his department, where, and along the Mississippi river, a large amount of this worthless paper was put afloat, in exchange for cotton and other commodities, which soon got them into trouble. Hollister was too sharp, however, for those who were after his scalp, but it drove Willis for a time out of the country. A large amount of " wild-cat " money was in circulation in those days ; neither did we have anything better until Mr. MitcheU started the old Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance Company, which soon drove all the " wild-cats " out of the country. Mr. Hollister's next venture was in the manufacture of lard oil at Quincy, IU,, where he carried on quite an extensive business for about a year, when he sold out, and investing his money in a steamboat, commenced carrying the Mormons from New Orleans and other points to Nauvoo. This he followed for nearly two years, leaving it only a short time before the prophet Joseph Smith was killed at Car thage by a mob, in June, 1844. His next move was to open a liquor store in Baltimore, in company with a Frenchman by the name of Finard, in 1845-6. This business was carried on until 1847, when he sold his interest for eighteen thou sand acres of land in Pennsylvania, which was probably the best trade he ever made, as these lands were subsequentiy found to be rich in coal. But of this he was ignorant, and soon exchanged them for a block of buildings in the city of Philadelphia, situated near the Fair- mount water works, valued in the trade at twenty thousand dollars. In 1849 this was exchanged for a ship, which he filled with goods and took around the Horn to California. This venture proved very successful, but the ship was subsequently lost on the coast of Chili, South America, where she had gone after lumber. The next we hear of this restless pioneer, he was engaged in driving cattle from Lower CaUfornia to Sacramento, in which for a short time he was successful, and accumulated quite a Uttie fortune. This was 80 PIONEER HISTORY OF MILWAUKEE. in 1851, when he decided to make one more trip and then come home, but on his return with this drove, he was taken sick on the San Joachim river, and left in charge of one of his men, a Mexican, by whom he was supposed to have been murdered for his money, as no trace of him beyond that point was ever found. Such was the unfortunate end of David Stephen Hollister, one of the most active and clear-headed men that ever came to Milwaukee. No disaster, however serious, seemed to discourage him, but stimu lated him, apparently, to greater exertions. That he had his faults like other men, was doubtless true ; and that he also had his good quali ties, is just as true. I often see hirn in memory's eye, as he looked when last I took his hand and bade him fareweU, in June, 1839. Neither shall I ever forgot how his eye kindled as he spoke of the retribution he had in store, in the near future, for some then living here, whom he thought had been instrumental in forcing him to leave, by betraying the trust Ke had confided to them. And had he re turned, he would no doubt have made it warm for some whom he named that June morning. Peace to his memory. To be sharp in a trade, if successful, is no crime ; but if unfortunate enough to be beaten, in this fast age, it is. CHAPTER III. 1841. Opening Prelude— Sketch of James Kneeland— Milton E. Lyman— Rockwell's Store— Cole & Arnold, McKinstry & ¦WiUard, and others, ¦Where Located— Rogers' Block, sketch of^Cady & Farwell — Higby & 'Wardner — Powder- John Pritzlaff— Jacob L, Bean— Geo, F. Austin— The Arcade— Chas. S. Hur ley — The Sill Brothers — The Blacksmiths — Dentists and Doctors — Lawyers — Sketch of Finch & Lynde — David Ferguson — Druggists, Jewelers and Lum bermen—Hotels—Sketch of the Vails— The Death of Levi Vail— Names- Sketch of J. ¦W. Dunlap— Elections — Board Meetings — 'Whig Celebration, and Its Results — Temperance Society — 'Washington's Birthday — F, 'W, Horn — Prospects — Noonan Takes the Advertiser — Buildings — Improvements of Streets — A Large Family — Conventions — Election— H. N. ¦Wells' Letter — Steamboats — Arrival of the Milwaukee — McCabe — Stuck Down — Turkey Shooting — The First Brewery — Close of the Year, As roll the waves, both fierce and fast. Before Coins' wintry blast, Across the boundless main. So West the nations, one by one Advance towards the setting sun. O'er valley, hill and plain. The outlook for Milwaukee in the spring of 1841 was a little more encouraging than in 1840, The financial clouds which had obscured the business horizon since 1837 were now slowly passing away, and a marked improvement was visible. The places of those who, be coming discouraged, had left the previous fall for newer scenes, (and quite a number did leave,) were filled this year by fresh arrivals from the East or Europe, quite a number of the prominent Germans com ing this year, thus infusing new blond into the semi-stagnant veins of the old stagers, and causing the beams of hope once more to iUume every eye. The previous winter had been rather colder than the average, but the spring opened early. The ice left the river on the 20th of March, and the 28th of April brought us our first boat from Buffalo, the Great Western, Capt. Walker, which was the first to pass the Straits that year. The C. C. Trowbridge was at once fitted out by Messrs. 82 PIONEER HISTORY Dousman & Co., placed in charge of the veteran John Crawford,* and the work of the season fairly began. James Kneeland. Among those who came this year was James Kneeland, who, from the day he first landed in Milwaukee to the present time, has been one of our most active and prominent citizens. Mr. Kneeland is a native of Leroy, Livingston county, N. Y., but came to this city from Chicago, where he had been previously en gaged upon the IlUnois canal as a successful contractor. He brought a large stock of general merchandise, the largest that had, up to that time, been brought by any one firm, which he opened in the old J. S. Rockwell store, under the firm name of James Kneeland & Co., the partner being Mr. John Clifford. This firm was dissolved, how ever, December ist, 1841, Mr. CUfford retiring, and Nicholas A. McClure became a partner. This partnership, however, was of short duration, Mr, McClure soon retiring ; after which Mr, Kneeland re mained alone (the store having been burnt in the meantime, and rebuilt by Mr, Kneeland, under a contract with the owner,) until 1847, when a new partnership was entered into for five years, with William Brown, or Albany Brown, as he was usually designated, and Milton Edward Lyman,t which was dissolved, however, in a short time, Mr, Lyman retiring. Here Mr. Kneeland remained until 1852, when he went out of the mercantUe business, in order to devote his whole time to the improvement of his real estate, of which he had a large amount that was fast becoming very valuable, and to the im provement of which he has, from that time to the present, devoted aU his energy. Mr. Kneeland is possessed of keen perceptions ; sees what is wanted at a glance, and always acts upon his own judgment, never asking *The Trowbridge had three different commanders in 1841, John Crawford, Lo tan H. Lane, and Joseph Sherwood. f Milton Edward Lyman, whom doubtless many yet living in Milwaukee will remember, was quite prominent at one time as a merchant. Odd Fellow, and a spirited citizen. He possessed a fine physique, a ready pen, and was gifted in many ways above the average. But notwithstanding all these advantages, he went to the bad, and the last I knew of him, he was a common deckhand on a scow at Washington Island, a mere wreck of his former self. Where he is now, I do not know, but if living, he is doubtless a vagabond on the earth. His besetting sins were wine and women. ^^;^%^.ffe,^^ OF MILWAUKEE. 83 or taking advice from any one. He is, without exception, the best judge of the value of real estate, as well as the way to improve it, that ever lived here. He never has to do his work twice ; it is always done right the first time. He has done much to beautify and adorn Milwaukee in the way of ornamental shade trees, no other one man having done half as much; and his private residence and grounds are among the finest in the city. Mr. Kneeland has a positive character which sometimes makes him enemies, but for this he cares as little as did Mr. Kilbourn. He also has a habit, not common with every one, of attending strictly to his own aff'airs, and yet is always observant of what is going on around him. He is a good judge of character, and is seldom if ever de- deceived ; prides himself on his word, which, when once given, is as good as his bond. Although courteous and affable to all, he is not over easy to get acquainted with, and is never taken off his guard. His morals are unimpeachable, and his habits of life as regular as the clock. In business m.atters he first decides what to do, and then does it. He was quite prominent in municipal aff'airs, under the old Trus tee system, for a number of years. He also served in the I..egislative Council in 1845, where, by his sharp financiering, he outwitted those who were engineering a bill in opposition to the city charter, and was successful in securing the pas sage of the bUl under which the charter was adopted. In poUtical faith Mr. Kneeland is a Democrat, and in religious faith an Episcopalian ; is one of the piUars of St. James church, and one of Milwaukee's solid men. Mr. Kneeland's store had been previously occupied by J. S. Rock- weU & Co., John S. RockweU, Legrand RockweU and Allen W. Hatch, which firm was dissolved March 1st, 1841, Mr. RockweU going then, or shortly after, to Oconomowoc, where he became a large property holder, and where he subsequently died, Mr, Rockwell was a man of pleasing address, and very social. He had a florid complexion ; a large, round face, upon which a smile was nearly always to be seen. He was a useful and valuable citizen. I remember him weU. Legrand Rockwell went to Elkhorn, where, I believe, he still re sides. And Mr. Hatch, after having been prominent as a business and public man for many years, as will be seen further on, has retired from business, and is at present living v/ith his son in Chicago. 84 PIONEER HISTORY 4,fter Mr. Kneeland's retirement from the mercantile business in 1852, this store was occupied by various parties, among whom was the celebrated house of Bradford Brothers, and is now occupied by the popular carpet house of Goldsmith & Co. This property is yet in the possession of the Rockwell heirs, and is known as Nos. 355 and 357 East Water street; old Nos., ii;7 and 159.* Cole & Arnold. Eben M. Colet and Joseph E. Arnold, afterwards J. E. Arnold & Co., (Mr. Arnold came this year,) opened a large stock of general merchandise in what is now 361 and 363 East Water, Here this firm did a large business for several years, when Mr. A, sold out in October, 1846, to Henry A. Hayden, and engaged in other pursuits for a while ; after which he retired to his farm, the old Henry Shew place, where he died in April, 1879. It was in this store, with Brown & MiUer, that Hon, Matthew Keenan first commenced his mercantile career in this city, Wm. McKillip also opened a new harness shop this year, on the north side of Wisconsin street, between East Water and Broadway. McKinstry & Willard, (Horace McKinstry and GaUic K. WiUard,) and Greulich & Miencer (August GreuUch and PhiUip Miencer,) were the competitors of Owen Aldrich and Geo. Peters in the butchering business, the latter firm being located on Third street, just above Chestnut, in Uncle Geo. Knapp's building, west side of Third street. Aldrich was, I think, at that time at what is now 394 East Water. Where Peters was, I am not certain, but think it was on West Water street, near Second. Edward S. C'ollins was in Jas. H. Rogers' new block, on the north east corner of Spring and West Water streets, where the new building pf the PhUip Best Brewing Co. now stands, erected the past summer, with a large stock of general merchandise. This block was erected in 1840, its first occupant being Mr, Col lins, who went in in July of that year. It was a two-story, three-tene ment frame building, with stores below and offices above. I'he Trus- ' "The difference between the old and new numbering, according to McCabe^s Directory, was 198. It was no doubt the intention to make it just 200, but if the numbering in his Directory is correct, it is 198, f Mr, Cole afterwards went to Watertown, where he died a short time since. OF MILWAUKEE. 85 tees held their meetings there for awhile, in 1840-1. The Courier was pubhshed there for a short time, and the late Chief Justice Stowe and John A. Messenger each had an office there in 1840-1. Jacob L. Bean & Co., (Jacob L. Bean, Lyman Woodruff and Wm, W. Brown,) also went into that block in the faU of 1840. This firm was dissolved May 17 th, 1841. This block was burned November 9th, 185 1, while occupied by Jacob Rapelgee and others.* Biographical, Jacob Lindsey Bean, who was personally well known to the writer, was certainly, in many respects, a remarkable man. He came to Milwaukee in the spring of 1840, with a stock of merchandise, mostly dry goods, which were opened in the old Geo, H. Walker warehouse, at the Point. His first speculation after his arrival was to form a " syndicate " to supply wood for the steamboats, in which the John son Brothers, (Hiram, Milton and Solon,) Joel W. Hemminway, a Mr. Vincent and Joel S. Wilcox were a party, with himself at the head in the capacity of manager, the object being to turn his goods in that way into money, during the season. It was a failure, how ever, on account of WilUam W. Brown, who was also pretty sharp, getting an inkling of it, who at once went to work, and being better acquainted with the people, soon succeeded in buying up all the wood in the market. Mr. Bean remained in this store at the point untU the faU of 1840, when a partnership was formed, as previously stated, and the new firm removed to Rogers' Block, where they continued to do a general Merchandise and Commission business until the following May, when the firm was dissolved, as stated, Mr, Bean retaining the busi ness. Here he remained until the fall of 1841, when he purchased the ground upon which the Plankinton House now stands; i. e., the part formerly occupied by the old American, on to which he moved a frame building, fitted it up, the writer working on it, and moved into it. This was the nucleus of that old pioneer hotel. This he con- *The author has tried to find a sketch of the ruins of this block, drawn by the late Arthur Dadd the morning after the fire, but it cannot be found. It was a fine sketch, M, Dadd being an adept at pencil sketching. 86 pioneer HISTORY tinned to enlarge as fast as the growth of the business seemed to de mand, until it became the famous house, mentioned above, and which i V ',"1 m..'. under Tibbets & Conger, during which time it was called the Ameri can Temperance House, R, B. Locke, Deacon J. Whitney, Chas. Skinner, Mr. Rossiter, and others, who catered there for the public at different times, up to 1849, ™ade such a famous record as a home for the weary, when it was sold to the Messrs. Kane, father and sons, by whom it was subsequently enlarged, and who, as far as I know, were the last occupants. This sale set him free to engage once more in new enterprises, which he did by taking an active part in the construction of the Milwaukee and Mississippi Rail Road, then just starting into a tangible existence, and in pushing forward which he was very active. But upon the rupture between that Company and Mr. Kil bourn, he took sides with the latter, and joined his fortunes with him in the construction of the old La Crosse RaU Road, as its first presi dent, in which capacity he acted until that road had reached the little hamlet known as Iron Ridge, when the mining fever got pos session of him, upon which he left the road, in order to devote his whole energies to the development of that wonderful " metaUiferous" deposit of the " azoic " period for which that locality is so noted, and out from whence so much wealth has been drawn by the genius of men. ' In person Mr. Bean was of rather more than medium height, had OF MILWAUKEE. 87 a large head, keen expressive eye, stooped a little when walking. His voice was soft and fine in tone, he spoke quick and sometimes sharp ; he had a nervous temperament ; he was possessed of won derful energy of character, and was as aggressive in business as any man, Mr. Kilbourn excepted, I ever knew. He was one of those who were born to lead, and would occupy no second position; hence the rupture with the Rail Road. He was fond of money, and took great pleasure in accumulating it; he was a strong friend and just as strong an enemy. The writer remembers Mr. Bean with something more than re spect for the many Uttie acts of kindness extended to him person ally when in need of help in those early times. He was in every respect a self-made man, acted upon his own judgment in everything, and as the result was mainly successful in all he undertook. Mr. Bean was a native of WUUston, Vt., where he was born March 17, 1809. His death, which occurred at Waukesha, May 8, 1855, was undoubtedly the result of over exertion, as he certainly possessed aU the elements physically, that, if properly husbanded would take their possessor up to four score. Cady & FarweU (Linus R. Cady and Leonard J. Farwell,* after wards Governor of Wisconsin,) came this year, with a stock of stoves and tin ware, which they opened in the old pioneer store, now No. 393 East Water. Thos. Youngs was at 388 East Water, with hats and caps. Among the old firms, the most prominent were Messrs, Ludington & Birchard, Geo. Bowman, J. & L. Ward, J. & M, Pixley, Holton & GoodaU, who were all at their old stands, while in Dewey's new block, corner of East Water and Wisconsin, were Cary & Taylor, taUors ; Higby & Wardner, drugs and general merchandise, and Chas. C. Dewey, harness, Cary & Taylor were at 399, Higby & Ward ner at 397, and Dewey at 395. And upon the west side of the river were S. D. Coles, and Wm. R. Longstreet, at Chestnut and Third streets. *This firm was dissolved March 27th, 1843, -^r. Farwell, going in with Clark Shepardson, where he remained until September i6th, when he retired, and en gaged in business for himself, Mr, Shepardson continuing the business alone. 8» PIONEER HISTORY OF MILWAUKEE, It was while in this store in Dewey's block, in 1841, that the qual ity of the powder kept by Higby & Wardner in the upper story, came so near being tested. A severe thunder storm occurred in June, while the late Joseph Ward, in company with several prominent " Third warders,'' were in a saloon in the basement, engaged in dis cussing the question as to what the effect would be if a comet should strike the earth some dark night, when the Trustees were not in ses sion, and were on the point of drinking the health ofthe comet, when the Ughtning struck the building, passed down the chimney, knocking down the stove pipe, and fiUed the whole place with a sulphurous smoke and smeU. Mr. Ward was the only one in the crowd who had sense enough to run — the balance probably hadn't much when they went down there — and as he reached the top of the stairs, he passed directly in front of Wardner, who happened to be standing in the door of his store, who seeing that he looked excited, smelt strongly of sulphur, and appeared to be in somewhat of a hurry, asked him what was up, to which he repUed, " I am a dead man, and there are four or five more dead ones down there," at the same time pointing towards the basement; to which Wardner replied, "You don't look much like a dead man; you look more like a scared devil." As Ward hurried away, Wardner looked up, and seeing a thin smoke oozing through the windows of the upper story, bethought himself of the powder ; and at the same time, the idea got possession of his confused brain that in cases like that, distance greatiy enhanced the view, acting upon which, he crossed the street with a hop, skip and a jump to the opposite corner, from whence he yelled to the boys in the store to run up stairs and see if that powder was on fire, and if so, to put it out. Had it got well agoing, it would in aU probabUity have burned up before it could have been rescued, as Higby & Ward ner kept only the best article ; at least, that was the impression at the time. Several of the unterrified were badly shook Up by that bolt, but none of them were kiUed. John Pritzlaff. Among the Germans who came in 1841, who have by their own exertion risen to wealth and prominence, was John Pritzlaff. Mr. PIONEER HISTORY OF MILWAUKEE, 89 Pritzlaff is a native of Pomerania, Prussia, and came to Milwaukee in October, 1841, then a young man. His first employment was with the late D, H, Richards, where he spent nearly two years, when he went into the store of John Nazro, This was in 1843. Here it was soon discovered that he possessed in a large degree those peculiar traits that make a successful business man, namely, honesty, econ omy, and good judgment. He remained with Mr. Nazro until 1850, when he commenced business for himself at 299 Third Street, Here he soon built up a large trade with all classes, but more particularly with his countrymen. He remained here untU 1876, when he buiU his present mammoth store, Nos, 41 to 49 West Water Street, where he keeps the largest stock and has the largest trade of any Hardware establishment in the west, except perhaps Chicago, and is very wealthy. In person he is stout, has a large face in which there is always a pleasant look. He is always cool, never excited, sees at a glance what is wanted, and, like Mr. Kneeland, always acts upon his own judgment. There is no German in this city in whom the German people have as much confidence, or for whom they have as much respect, and you might call it love, as , they have for John Pritzlaflf. His name with them is a tower of strength ; he is the banker for hundreds of the laboring classes among the Germans. In religious faith he is a Lutheran, and in political a staunch and un compromising Republican. His kindness of heart is proverbial ; no one ever got a rebuff who approached him when in need himself, or when asking aid for others. Be he ever so busy, he has a pleasant greeting for aU. He is in manners a perfect gentleman, in his daily life a consistent Christian, and as a business man he is a model for all. Geo. F, Austin also fitted up and moved into the " New Arcade," at what is now 366 East Water street, where the old State Bank build ing now stands. This firm was originally Austin & Fairman, (Botsford Fairman,* of Medina, N. Y.; this gentieman never lived here,) The firm was established in 1839, and should properly have formed a part of the history of that year, but was overlooked. This Arcade (a word which, when applied to a buUding, usually implies something grand,) was constructed out of an old two-story 'This firm was dissolved in 1840, Mr, Fairman retiring, 12 90 PIONEER HISTORY frame building that Mr. Austin had had moved from the northwest corner of WeUs and Fourth streets, across the river on the ice. It was built by a Mr. Raymond in 1838 or '39, and stood upon posts, some four or five feet above the surrounding swamp. It was the same building that was damaged by fire, November 25th, 185 J, and repaired by the insurance companies, (the writer working upon it,) and occupied by the late Samuel M. Gardner for a jewelry store untU 1855, when it was removed to make room for the present building. What became of it then, I do not remember, but presume that it followed the same route as did nearly all of those early buildings that were not burned, and is somewhere in the present Third ward, Mr. Austin also bmlt the brick store known as No. 372 East Water, in 1843, and the brick block on the southwest corner of East Water and Detroit streets, in 1849. -^^ ^^^ erected in aU thirteen buildings in Milwaukee. If we count out Wm, Wood and Wm, Thwaites, who made a specialty of building, there are few, if any, of our citizens who erected more buUdings, up to 1850, for stores and dwellings, than did Mr, Austin. He was a prominent and successful merchant and business man for many years, and has always been a leading man in the Summerfield M, E, church, of which he is a worthy mem ber, if not really the founder. He is at present connected with the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co,, having retired from active business some years ago, on account of faiUng health. May he live a thousaud years — if he wants to. Mr. Austin's successor at his former stand, now 339 East Water Street, the old Wm. Payne store, was Charles S. Hurley, who came from Racine with a large stock of dry goods, at least his advertise ment so stated, although he would probably have closed out the whole lot for five hundred doUars any time, and jumped at the chance. As Mr. Hurley played quite a prominent part here for several years, as a merchant, newspaper man, landlord of the Mil waukee House,* poUtician, etc., I wiU give a sketch of him. * It was while landlord of this hotel in 1842, that ex-president Van Buren visited Milwaukee, upon which occasion Mr. Hurley let himself out in earnest.^ He was untiring in his attentions to his distinguished guest, standing behind his chair constantly at the table and urging him to have a Uttle more of the hash and other luxuries. " Have a little more of the hash, Mr. Van Buren, do have a little more!" \ OF MILWAUKEE. 91 In propria persona he was not an Adonis or an Apollo Belvidere, scarcely. He has a large .head, very little in it though, shaped some thing like a keystone to an arch, covered with a thick mat of coarse, dark hair that grew nearly down to his eyes, which eyes were blue and as void of expression as a couple of turnips. He had a complexion sUghtly florid, was exceedingly nervous, and when excited reminded one of a four horse power jumping jack more than anything else. He walked with a long swinging gait, and was always in a hurry. His countenance was not indicative of much inteUect, neither did it belie him in the least ; he, was also an arrant coward. His legs were of unusual length, terminating in a couple of feet, size 18, which in hot weather gave out an aroma that make any one sitting near him pine for the delights of a glue factory as an exchange ; in fact, so large and strong were those feet as to cause the late Joseph E, Arnold, in whose store Hurley was sitting one hot day in July, 1842, to remark in his quaint way — and Joseph could be quaint occasionaUy — that he believed that those feet had intestines in them, for he could see them breathe. I think it probable that this latter statement was not true; but that Joseph made it, was true. He was also a great blower, and if the whole truth must be told, would " fib " a littie occasionaUy. But his crowning glory was his nose. He was usually short of funds ; I speak now in the language of a wheat scalper. But if a corner had ever been got up on short noses, in those days, he and John F, Rague could have broke it, for they were both long on that article. Hurley in particular. I remem ber, of being present at an entertainment, or more properly speaking, a seance, in Gardner's Hall, in 1854, where a noted fakir or prestidigi tator who lived in those days, was giving instructions to the Milwau keans who had the honor of being present, in the modus operandi of frying eggs in a hat, puUing strings of potatoes out of one's nose, swallowing a sword three feet in length, and other useful things per taining to the occult sciences, which it is essential for every one to understand, in order to be happy ; after which he proposed, as a fur ther proof of his skill in the magic art, to cut off the head of any one present, and put it on again, if any one would volunteer,, But no one volunteering, he finally invited Hurley, who was sitting directly in 92 PIONEER HISTORY front of the stage, to let him experiment upon his nose, remarking that that was as good as a head, or words to that effect ; at the same flourishing a formidable looking knife, some eighteen inches in length. At this, those present began to smUe and look at Hurley, who at once made for the door. As he neared it, he stopped and looked back upon the audience, who were by that time in a perfect roar of laughter at the ridiculousness of the thing, the expression upon his classic features indicating plainly enough that he would as lief fight as not, if some one would only start him. But' before any overt act had been committed, Mrs. Hurley, who was also present, had reached his side, placed her hands upon his uplifted arm, exclaiming as she did so, "Come along out of this, you old fool !" And he went. As they disappeared through the door, she cast upon the presti digitator a look that could not have been meant for an invitation to dinner — not if I am any judge — while upon Hurley's face was one similar to that upon a boy who has been playing truant, and is anx ious to meet his punishment and have it over with. I think, if living, Mr. Hurley is now residing in Chicago. Edward and Zachariah Sill who succeeded Jacob L. Bean at the point in 1840 also moved into the Rogers' Block this year with W. W. Brown. This firm was dissolved March 22, 1842. J. E. Reed opened a dyeing estabUshment at what is now 4 r 5 East Water Street, the first in the place. Doney & Mosely were also operating a foun dry on the west side near the water power. The blacksmiths were J. McDugald, Clark Shepardson, Joseph R. Treat, James Larkin, John McCoUum, August and Francis Harmeyer, Daniel W. Patterson and WUliam Chamberlain. The principal land agents were Byron KUbourn, Joshua Hathaway, and I. A. Lapham, The boss carpenters were Nathaniel F, Prentiss, Benjamin Church, Deacon Samuel Brown, Stoddard H. Martin, Lucien V, Zander, Lawrence Robbins, Thomas Orchard, Daniel and Giles A. Waite, Dan iel D, Sibley, Luzerne Ransom, Hiram Farmin, William Watrous, Geo. GuUe, the McKittrick Brothers and the Short Brothers, Abiel OdeU was in the finning miU business on the west side. The dentists were Doctor B. S. Currier, who built the brick house on the southwest corner of Spring and Fourth streets, and J. M. Cush man. OF MILWAUKEE. 93 Wm. Green, colored, (and badly colored, too,) was the keeper of a barber shop caUed the " Emporium of Fashion," on the south side of Wisconsin street, about midway between the aUey and East Water street. The painters were Murray & McFadyen, (James Murray and Arch, McFadyen,) the Devlin Brothers, (Frank and James,) and Linus N, Dewey, The principal brick masons were the Sivyer Brothers, William, Henry and Samuel. Medical Department. The doctors were Erastus B. Wolcott, James K. Bartiett, (who came this year,) Lemuel W. Weeks, Thos. J. Noyes, Lewis J. Higby, on the east side, William P, Proudfit* on the west side, HubbeU, Loomis and Enoch Chase on the south side, aU " old school," and Aaron A. Herriman (Thompsonian,) on the south side. Of these, Chase, Weeks and Higby did not practice. Of this list. Doctor Bartlett is the only one living who is in practice. He came, as stated, in 1841, and from the day of his landing to the present time, has been in con stant practice and has been very successful. He has also taken a deep interest in the advancement of the science of medicine, and was one of the first to help form a Medical Society in MUwaukee in 1845, then consisting of ten membe'-s, with S. D. Hewitt, President ; E. B, Wolcott, Vice President; J, K, Bartlett, Secretary; J, B, Dousman, Treasurer. Upon the organization of the County Society in 1846, there were eighteen members present, including Waukesha, the division of the county not going into effect until after the organization. This last organization was under the Territorial statute, at which the foUowing officers were elected: E, S, Marsh, President; A, L. Castieman, Vice President; J, K, Bartlett, Recording Secretary; J. B. Selby, Treasurer. Since that time, I beUeve, the organization has been kept intact. Doctor Bartlett is a man of fine culture, pleasing address and man ners; is very reticent ; has a soft, musical voice, quite low in tone; greets you upon the street with a salute and a smUe, if an acquaint ance, but if a stranger, passes you without appearing to see you, but "Dr. Proudfit died March 18 th, 1842. 94 PIONEER HISTORY at the same time, he does. He is always cool and coUected, walks with a lengthy, measured step, which he never varies, and usually, if alone, with his hands crossed before him. He is always dignified and gentlemanly. He has built up a large business, has an hour for at tending each particular department, and is as punctual as the clock. His style of dress is pecuUar, neither has he changed it in the last thirty years, i. e., the style. In person, like' Doctor E. B. Wolcott, he is straight as an arrow, and bids fair to live as long, and be as active as was he. The Doctor is preparing a lengthy report of the medical department of the county, from which some of the data in this sketch were kindly furnished, and for which he has my thanks. Law Department. The principal lawyers were John H, Tweedy, Cnas. J, Lynde, lost in the Erie, August 1841, Frederick A. Wingfield, Leonard P, Crary^ Frank Randall, J, E. Arnold, H. N. Wells, Hans Crocker, D. A. J. Upham, Clinton Walworth, Levi Blossom, W. W. Graham, Asahel Finch, Jr., Wm. Pitt Lynde, and perhaps a few lesser lights. Of these, two who entered into co-partnership at an early day, and are yet in business, viz : Asahel Finch, Jr,, and Wm, P, Lynde, deserve a special mention. Asahel Finch, Jr. Asahel Finch, Jr., was born at Genoa, Cayuga county, N. Y,, on 14th day of February, 1809, and emigrated to Adrian, Michigan Ter ritory, in 1830, where he remained untU October, 1839, when he came to MUwaukee, and opened a law office with Horatio N,- Wells and Hans Crocker, under the firm name of WeUs, Crocker & Finch, the two first named having come in 1836, and estabUshed a business. This partnership, however, was dissolved May 1st, 1841, Mr. Crocker retiring; and on September 8th, 1842, Mr. Wells also retired, Mr. Finch retaining the business. And a new partnership was entered into with WiUiam Pitt Lynde, under the firm name of Finch & Lynde, which has continued without interruption to the present time, a period of thirty-eight years. Few men in MUwaukee have done as much to build up and give character to the place, or performed more acts of charity, than has the gentieman whose portrait heads this sketch ; and who, although OF MILWAUKEE. ' 95 of quiet and unobtrusive manners, never seeking notoriety in anyway, nor thrusting himself forward as do many others, nor ever letting his right had know what his left hand has done, has been a power for good all these years. Mr. Finch was one of the first to put his shoulder to the wheel and help organize the old Presbyterian church, of which he was, as weU as of the Plymouth, one of the originators and first members; and helped to erect the first church edifice, (see chapter on churches,) and has probably devoted more time, as weU as money, to effect that object, during its infancy, than did any other one man, unless it was Alanson Sweet. In fact, so great was his zeal, that he kept himself poor for several years, in order to help build up these two churches, as when once he undertook any work of charity, there was no such word as fail, and no looking behind, with him. He was also one of the first to join hands with Mr. Holton, Sam uel Brown and others, in aiding the slave when escaping from bond age, to reach Canada, never faiUng to do so when opportunity offered. He was also one of the first to engage in the construction of the Milwaukee and Mississippi Railroad, and was, I think, the -first attorney of that pioneer work. In political faith he, is, and has always been, an outspoken Re publican, And although never seeking public office himself, has always taken a deep interest in the welfare of the party, and has contributed liberally for its support, .\s a lawyer, Mr. F. is one, of the best in the State ; has a strong legal mind, is a logical reasoner and a good pleader. He is a true friend, a generous enemy, and is very careful what he says, as weU as what he does. In person, Mr. Finch is of medium height, compactly built; has dark hair, dark blue eyes, and dark complexion. He walks slow, his eyes cast upon the ground, as if in deep thought; gives you a quick, searching glance in passing, and if an acquaintance, a nod of recog nition; is social with friends, but reticent with strangers. He also has a large vein of the humorous, and as great a sense of the ridicu lous as any one here, (not excepting the writer,) and enjoys a joke even at his own expense. Mr. Finch has retired from active practice, that part being per formed by the two junior members of the firm. Matt. H. Finch and 96 PIONEER HISTORY Benj. Kurtz MiUer, who were admitted January ist, 1857, and since which time the burden and heat of the day has been borne by them and Mr. Lynde. William Pitt Lynde. This gentleman, who came in June, 1841, is in many respects the opposite of Mr. Finch. Mr. Lynde was born at Sherburn, Chenango county, N. Y., in 1817, and is from an old and influential family. He is a graduate of old Yale, class of 1838, and upon his arrival in Mil waukee, at once became prominent as a lawyer and a rising politi cian,. He is a gentleman of fine culture and good legal abilities ; has a large brain, quick perceptions, and, like Kilbourn, is aggressive. He sees all the points in his case that are in his favor, and is prompt to seize upon them. He is a fine pleader, has a strong, clear voice, and can fasten the attention of a jury as well as any lawyer here. He is also possessed of fine social qualities, is a good puHic speaker, and a prominent politician, for whicli he has a good tadt. He is a Demo crat, " dyed in the wool," and although a strong partisan, has a fair respect for the opinions of his opponents. He has been much in office ; was Delegate to Congress in 1841 from this district; was At torney General of Wisconsin in 1 844 ; United States Attorney in 1845 ; Mayor in i860 ; represented this district in the thirtieth, forty-fourth and forth-fifth Congress, in the last of which he took quite an active part in the electoral count contest — a contest that, for the time it lasted, was the all-absorbing topic throughout the country, and which bid fair at one time, so excited had the leaders of the two great polit ical parties, as weU as the people themselves, become on account of it, to plunge the nation once more into civil war. Mr. Lynde is a hard worker, and always, when not in court, to be found at his office studying his cases. He has retired from active political life, having reached the age when politics lose their charm, in a great degree, while the labor incident to and necessary for a suc cessful politician to undergo in order to win, becomes a burden. Let us hope, however, that his weU known form and voice wiU be both seen and heard in our courts for many years to come. Mr. Lynde is quite wealthy, and has an elegant home in the sub urbs, consisting of some thirty acres, all of which, however, will soon OF MILWAUKEE. 97 be wanted for dwelling lots, as the city is being extended in that direction very rapidly. This famous firm has. since its formation, tried over ten thousand cases in the different courts throughout the State. John B. Merrill. This gentleman, who has by his own abUity, unaided by any out side influence, raised himself from comparative obscurity to the proud position of one of Milwaukee's best business men and most respected citizens, came to MUwaukee in September, 1837, then a mere boy, from Adams, Jefferson county, N. Y., where he was born December nth, 1825. He had not reached the age of manhood .before he began to develop those executive abilities that, if opportunity offers, always place their possessor where he rightfully belongs among his feUow citizens, Mr. Merrill early showed a decided taste for ship-building, then just in its infancy in Milwaukee, an occupation in which he spent much of his time for several years, as draughtsman and superintendent of construction, his last work, I believe, being the bark Badger Boy, built in 1852-3, at the foot of West Water street. He next engaged in the marine insurance business, and in which he has always held a prominent position, as a man of sound judg- merit, well balanced by prudence, and has mastered all the intri cate technique connected with that department of the insurance busi ness, a goal that few who undertake it, ever succeed in reaching. He is also a prominent member of the Board of Trade, and nearly always Upon some of the important committees, where his judgment always carries weight, and is seldom overruled. He is a universal favorite with all who know him. In person, Mr. Merrill is rather below the medium, but of a com pact and muscular build. His face is fuU and round; he has Ught hair, now nearly white, blue eyes, and a slightly florid complexion. His voice is clear and strong, and he speaks every word distinctly, and always looks you square in the face when addressing you. He has a very nervous temperament, is very quick-motioned and impulsive ; he decides a thing quickly, and then goes ahead with it. He is also very conscientious, and nothing can induce him to do wrong. He 13 98 pioneer history has a strong wiU, is perfectly fearless, and will not hesitate a moment to tell you to your face just what he thinks of you Or your plans, if he does not approve of them. Mr. MerriU has been very successful financially, and is in posses sion of an abundance of this world's goods, at least, for aU his needs, his habits of life being very simple, and his morals unimpeachable ; and no man living here can truthfully boast of a cleaner record in this respect than can Mr. Merrill. He is a prominent member of the Pioneer Association, and is one of the executive committee, in which capacity his counsel is often sought by the writer, in his office of Marshal, upon matters of interest to the Association, and is always freely given. Let us hope that the time may be far distant when the dark angel shall summon him to the better land. David Ferguson. Among those who pitched their tents in Milwaukee in 1840 of whom no special mention was made in Volume I., was David Fergu son, who came from Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he was born February 20th, 1821, as a clerk for Mr. MitcheU in the Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance Company Bank, then just starting into existence, and in which capacity he at once commenced his business career in Wisconsin, The rule adopted by the founders of this famous institution in regard to its employes, was the old EngUsh rule, i. e., to select their men or boys, as the case may be, and then, if found wor thy and competent, to keep and promote them as they became skilled in the business. This is a just rule; as when a man sees that he is appreciated by his employers, he has a double incentive to merit that appreciation. Under this rule, Mr. Ferguson has grown to be a part — and a large part — of the official corps of this bank, he having fiUed the responsible position of its cashier for a period of twenty-one years, during which time every morning has found him at his post, as regularly as it did " Tim Linkinwater " at the office of the " Cheerible Bros.," so graphically described by Dickens in his " Nicholas Nickle- by." In fact, so accustomed are the patrons of this bank to dealing with Mr. Ferguson, that his absence would be more noticeable than that of Mr. Mitchell, who, on account of the vast railroad enterprises with which he is connected, as well as his frequent prolonged periods of absence from the city, has but littie time to devote to his bank. 'C^L^^^^^ OF MILWAUKEE. 99 Mr. Ferguson, like many of his countrymen, is a natural banker, and his large experience has given him a knowledge of men — a knowledge that fits a man for a banker, and without which he could not succeed. His glance is quick and keen, his decision quickly made; and once made, is generally adhered to. To a stranger he is reticent, but to an old acquaintance social and kind. But confidence once t^roken, is seldom regained with him. He has a large vein of mirth, a,nd enjoys talking upon the incidents connected with the early settlement of our city, some of which were certainly very amusing, and in several of which he was a prominent actor. He has also a love for the beautiful in nature, as well as art ; has a great passion for flowers, many of which are to be found in his garden, both native and foreign. He is also a great reader, and keeps well posted in aU mat ters pertaining to the country, particularly as to its finances. He is g.lso a strong churchman, and one of the pUlars in old St. Paul. His charity is proverbial, and in him the poor and unfortunate, if worthy, have a strong friend. He, is also a prominent member of the Pioneer Club, in which he takes a deep interest. That the day may be far distant, when his lithe step shall be seen and his pleasant voice be heard no more upon our streets, is certainly the wish of all who, like the writer, have known him since the day he first landed in Mil waukee. ' - ¦ - ' In person, Mr. Ferguson is of medium, height, has a lithe, wiry frame, and a hardy constitution ; has a keen, expressive eye, and al ways looks you square in the face when conversing; stoops slightly; has a memory like steel, never forgets a face, and is not easily deceived. The principal druggists were Higby & Wardner, Doctor WiUiam Gorham, Wm. P. Proudfit, and Fennimore C. Pomeroy. The cabinet makers were John Jenkins, William Hawkins, and Timothy Wainwright. Andrew Durr and J. B. Liginger were the soap and taUow chan dlers. The factory of Mr. Durr was located at or near the foot of Biddle street, upon the island then existing between the bayou (now River street,) and the river proper. There was also a lumber yard upon that island, kept Mr. August Eiibracht, in 1841-2-3. The principal jewelers were Jones & Field, wjko were in Chas. C. Dewey's old stand. No. 400 East Water sireet, the Rogers Brothers, and perhaps one or two others. 100 PIONEER HISTORY The tailors were Cary & Taylor, (Joseph Cary and John W. Tay lor,) Henry M. Hubbard,* Robert Davis, and John M. W. Lace, who came in '41. These were the principal ones. Hotels. The leading hotels were the Milwaukee House, by Graves & Myers, the Cottage Inn, by Levi VaU, who kept it untU Septem ber 1st, when he retired in favor of Vail & Cross, (Geo. E. S. Vail and WiUiam S. Cross,) who run it for thirty days, when Mr. Cross retired, September 30th, and Richard P. Harriman became a partner October i, 1841. This firm was dissolved March i, 1842, when Geo. E. S. Vailt retired, and Mr. Harriman became the sole proprietor who kept the house until the advent of Messrs. Taft & Spur, December 9, 1843. Union House, by Morris Louis, south side Huron Street, on east side of the alley, between East Water and Broadway. On the west side of the river was the Fountain House, west side of Second Street, at its intersection with West Water Street, kept by Nelson P.- Hawks; then Bradley & Hawks ; then William Henry, who soon played out, same year. The old American, by James Ward,f at the intersection of West Water and Third Street, where the Second Ward Bank now stands ; and the Washington House on the south-east corner of Third and Cherry Streets, by SUas Grifiiths.§ The Eagle, (German,) on the north side of Chestnut, about midway between Fourth and Fifth streets, by Henry Lieber, now living near Hale's Corners. On the south side, two near Walker's Point ; one by J. & L. Childs, ¦*Henry M. Hubbard was a man of more than ordinary ability. He was prominent in his day, having been the first Sheriff under the Territorial organiza tion in 1836. He built the present Mansion House, No. 339 Third Street, for a store and dwelling in 1836. He also built in 1839 the main part of the present residence of Dr. D. W. Perkins, 235 Ninth Street. I often think of him. He was always dignified and courteous, of quiet manners, and a useful citizen. He died May 28th, 1841. tHe went to Waukesha and run a hotel until he left the country a few years later. JThe old Leland American or Shanty Tavern, as it was sometimes called. §This was the present Republican House built in 1836, mention of which was made on page 48, Volume I,, as having been erected by Archibald Clybourn. OF MILWAUKEE. 101 southwest corner of Ferry and South Water ; and one by David Mer riU, in Walker's old log house, on the northwest corner of Ferry and South Water,* These were the principal hotels or taverns in the place in 1841. There were several other places where strangers were " taken in " oc casionaUy, Uterally, that did not aspire to the dignity of being classed with the hotels. The Cottage Inn was first enlarged this year by H, N. Wells, who had just purchased the property. The enlargement consisted princi pally of an extension in the rear two stories high, and one story in front. The carpenter work was done by Lawrence Robbins, (I work ing on the job,) and the mason work by Wm. Payne. This house was struck by lightning June 10th, 1841, the shock nearly kUUng the elder Vail. It was upon this occasion that VaU's youngest son Gus, (Cuss, and a cross-eyed one at [that, would have been a more fitting name for that boy,) made the following laconic speech. He had ran away on the 8th and returned on the 1 2th, and in answer to the question propounded by the old gentleman, as to whether he had made his fortune while absent, replied, with a con temptuous leer upon his brazen countenance, " No ; but by G— d, I thought I had when I heard that Ughtning had struck you !" This answer, made in the presence of a room full of people, set the pater nal VaU back about a feet. He made no reply, however, but after looking at the young reprobate for a few moments, with an expression upon his face that spoke volumes, went behirid the bar to see a man. That Gus was a bad boy, every time. I think he is now somewhere in California or Oregon. Levi VaU was a notable man in many respects. He was tall, slim, and very round-shouldered ; walked slow, and with a lengthy stride. He was a great joker, fond of mischief, and not always to be de pended upon ; he would beat you if he could. He would have made a better landlord for an Arkansas hotel than for a Wisconsin one. You could never get his eye for any length of time. He had a rest less, unsettled and uneasy look, like a man who had some trouble on *Mr. Merrill went into this log house i,n 1838, and left in June, 1841, having sold'out to George P. Golden, who kept it for about three years, when it was pulled down to make room for the advance guard of the present Axtell House. 102 PIONEER HISTORY his mind. He feared nothing living, and, I think, believed in no hereafter. He died on the old Doctor Dousman farm, in Greenfield, January 29th, 1842; and his reply, when told by Doctor E. B. Wol cott that he could not live, was characteristic of the man ; it was, " Let her flicker!" He was buried at first, I think, in the old Eliza beth street cemetery, where Burnham's brick yard now is ; and after wards removed to Forest Home, upon which occasion the animus of that boy Gus again came out. The funeral procession, as was the custom in those days, went from the house to the cemetery upon a walk. This was not fast enough, however, for this youthful vagabond, who thrust his ape-like head out of the coach, and yelled to the sex ton to drive faster, for the "old man (meaning his father,) would be as mad as heU if he knew they were moping along that way." He was a nice boy, he was. Among those who are known to have come this year, not previ ously mentioned, were Daniel Tainsh, Henry S. Brown, daguer- rean, Thos. Shaughnessey, Alex. A. and Robert C. Jacks, master builders,) and John W. Dunlop, aU of whom are Uving to-day, and have acted well their part in the building up of our city. Of these,: one, Mr. Dunlop, who has been quite prominent in various ways, I will sketch. John W. Dunlop came to Milwaukee from the Parish of Cragie, Scotiand, in 1841, and at once commenced business for himself, as a landscape gardener and florist, in which he soon became famous, and in which occupation he made, money quite rapidly. He soon, how ever, got into poUtical life, his first office being, I beUeve, that of Dep uty Marshal, now caUed Ward Foreman: Here he soon got a bad name from the leeches who had been fattening upon the public crib, for not employing them when not wanted, the plea of "Oh, plase put me on, Misther O'Dunlop — what is the difference?" having no effect upon him. Of course he was not re-appointed. He was the superintendent of Forest Home Cemetery for a num ber of years. He was Deputy Sheriff in 1857-8, and again in 1879-80. He was a good officer, and is in every way competent to fill the office of Sheriff. Mr. Dunlop is of medium height and build ; has sandy hair, and a florid complexion. He has a clear voice, and speaks very distinctly. OF MILWAUKEE. 103 with the Scotch accent strong. He is always full of mirth, is a great joker, and enjoys Hfe in the good old-fashioned way. He is strictly honest, and in all his dealings believes in doing as he would be done by. He is also fond of the athletic ganies so common in Scotiand ; and in all his habits is a true son of "Auld Caledonia." He also knows the value of money, and how to use it. He has a retentive memory, and never forgets a face that he has once seen ; and, like most of his countrymen, is very slow to form acquaintance. He is a firm friend ; but if an enemy, you wUl soon find it out. He is a staunch Republican, and always to be found at the front when work is to be done. A good man, and a useful citizen. Election of Trustees. The Trustees for this year were, for the East Ward — Hans Crocker, Geo. O. Tiffany, Frank RandaU, Clark Shepardson and Horace Hadley. West Ward — ^Jas. H. Rogers, Sylvester D. Cowles, I. A. Lapham, N. P. Hawks and John Hustis. Jas. H. £.ogers. President; Leonard P. Crary, Clerk and Attorney; A. W. Hatch, Treasurer ; (John A. Messenger was the Treasurer of the Town this year,) Algernon S. Hosmer,* Marshal ; Jas. H. Rogers and A. W. Hatch, Street Commissioners. The county officers, elected in April, were, for County Commis sioners, Chas. Hart, Thos H. Olin and Peter N. Cushman; County County Clerk, Uriel Farmin ; Register of Deeds, Henry Miller ; Col lector, John T. Haight; Treasurer, Wm. Brown; Assessors, Jared Thompson, Benjamin Hunkins and William Shew ; Surveyor, Geo. S. West; Coroner, John Crawford. Meetings of the Board. By an ordinance passed January i6th, 1841, the meetings ofthe Board of Trus tees were held in Rogers' Block, on the last Saturday of each month. Jas. H, Rogers, Brest. Leonard P, Crary,! Clerk, *This gentleman died of typhoid fever. May 8th, 1841, He was a promising young man, and his loss was deeply felt in the comraunity, fThis gentleman was a blatant politician. He was tall and slim, built some thing like an old-fashioned " hemp brake." He had a thin face, a long nose, florid complexion, bine eyes, and auburn hair; spoke with a half imperative tone, and was a political nuisance generally. He was, although not half so smart, a coun terpart, in some respects, of the notorious Geo. G. Blodgett. I believe he went from here to Oshkosh. 104 pioneer history The Canal Directors for this year were Byron Kilbourn, John S. Rockwell, WiUiam R. Longstreet, Henry M. Hubbard, Garrett VUet, Loring Doney and Daniel H. Richards; Secretary and Engineer, I. A. Lapham; Treasurer, E. S. Collins. The following account of the famous Whig celebration, when the ox was roasted whole, of which mention was made in my first book, page 191, is inserted here again in fuU, as being properly a part of the history of this year : Whig Celebration. To the Whigs of Wisconsin : A public celebration of the recent triumph of the Whigs of the Union, in the election of Wm. Henry Harrison to the President, and John Tyler to the Vice- President will be held at the Milwaukee House on Friday, the first day of Janu ary. An address will be delivered by Jonathan E. Arnold, at the Court House, at 1 P. M., and a dinner will be served at the Milwaukee House by Messrs, Graves & Meyers, at 3 P, M,, upon which occasion an ox will be roasted whole-* and plenty of hard cider will be furnished. Officers of the Day :— President, Wm. A, Prentiss, ¦Vice-Presidents, James Y. Watson, Col. James Clyman, Asa D, Kinney, John Hustis, S, W. Dunbar, A. E. Elmore, Charles Leland, Wm. R. Longstreet, Horace Chase, M. Davenport, and Henry C. Skinner, Marshal, Leicester H. Cotton. Committee on Toasts, J. Hustis, Wm. A. Prentiss, and J. H. Tweedy, Committee of Arrangements, Maurice Pixley, Henry Williams, and Joseph Ward. Tickets for the dinner seventy-five cents. It was upon this occasion that Col. Clyman wore his uniform worn in the war of 1812. Among the toasts given was the follow ing by Captain Cotton :The navy of our country. The ladies of the land, May the former be well rigged And the latter well man'd. Of course an event of that importance could not be expected to pass unnoticed by such a man as D. H. Richards, who was then editing the Advertiser, particularly when we consider that the whole country was largely Democratic, and in his paper of the second ap peared the following : The Whig celebration on New Yfear's Day passed off, as we are told, according * The ox was roasted on the bank where Pfister's Block now stands, south-east corner of Broadway and Wisconsin Street. of MILWAUKEE. 105 to previous notice, with an address, dinner, and the discharge of cannons, etc. There was less numerous attendance than some of the more sanguine had expect ed; and those who were the most active in getting the affair up were disappointed on that account, as well as that a resolution caUing for the speedy organization of the Whig party did not carry. As for the speeches, toasts, and abuse of the present administration, quantity of hard cider drank, and other election necessaries at a. Whig celebration, we must wait for the appearance of the Sentinel, the editor of which, Harrison Reed, we understand, was allowed to be present at the dinner table. This was foUowed by quite a number of articles in both papers of too personal a nature to appear here. They showed not only the hostility of the Democracy of that day to the Whig party, but the bitter feeUng that existed between the editors as weU. Uncle Dan. Richards could strike some hard blows at times, but in this " bout " with Mr. Reed he got the worst of it. Pioneer Temperance Society, At a meeting of the citizens of Milwaukee, held on Monday, February 15th, 1841, for the purpose of forming a Temperance Association, John Gale, Jr,, was called to the Chair, and Jeremiah B. Zander appointed Secretary. On motion, F. A, Wingfield, Eliphalet Cramer, Henry Miller, Doctor Thomas J. Noyes and Joseph Ward were appointed a committee to report a name for the bantling, and draft a constitution and by-laws, which duty was performed, and the following were the first (and I will bet sixty-two and a half cents the last,) officers ever elected: President, Sylvester W. Dunbar; "Vice President, John Gale, Jr,; Secretary, F, A, Wingfield; Lindsey Ward and Henry Miller were appointed a Committee to solicit names, and George H, Walker and Solomon Juneau to procure speakers. The following gentlemen signed the pledge at this time : Solomon Juneau, Andrew J. "Vieux, S. W, Dunbar, John Hustis, Wm, Payne,\ T. J, Noyes, F, A, Wingfield, J. Henderson, H. N, Curtis, James H. Ward, Henry Williams, D. D. Sibley, H. Niedecken, B, F. Wheelock, A. P, Van Vleek, Alex, Stewart, John Corbin, C, Howard, L. H. Lane, J. Harrison, Jr., Capt. J. Powell, John M. McDonald, J, E. Goodrich, L, J. Farwell, James Porter, Ira Cross, Samuel Sivyer, Uriel Farmin, Samuel Robinson, N, Warren, P. B. Cas well, B, L, Cross, E. Cramer, Jas. Ward, Worcester Harrison, Curtis Reed, Lawrence Robbins, Wm, S, Wells, Geo, W. Stark, Daniel Waite, F, McCormick, E. Starr, Geo. O, Tiffany, J, Carboy, Isaac Fellows, John "Vosburg, George Bow man, Wm, Haines, Wm. Porter, D. W, Patterson, Lindsey Ward, Solon John son, Wm, Golding, D. Wells, Jr., Paul Juneau, E. W. Cole, Geo, H, Walker, J. B. Zander, John Gale, Jr., Henry Miller, Chas, Holton, Eli Bates, Jr., C, H. 14 106 PIONEER HISTORY Warner, Thos. L. Smith, E. Gove, Wm. S. Cross, R. H. Burton, D. W. Kellogg, Capt. Joseph Sherwood, Clinton Walworth, J. B. Miller, Luzerne Ransom, Jacob Mahoney, David E'erguson, N. G. Young, and E. W. Edgerton. The reading of these names brings up to mind many famUiar forms and faces, which have long since passed from earth away, and the saddest part is the thought that, notwithstanding this pledge, a large number of the signers died from drink; and some of those living, whose names were on this paper, undoubtedly wiU, Washington's Birthday. The following is a copy of the caU for the celebration of Washing ton's Birthday, published in the Milwaukee Advertiser of February 6th, 1841 : Democratic Celebration, The Committee of Arrangements for the celebration of the anniversary of the birth of Washington being unable to address all of their friends personally, request every one to whom a circular is sent, to extend the invitation in behalf of the Committee, to all good Democrats in their vicinity, and to take such measures as will secure a general attendance. Horatio N. Wells, Chas. J. Lynde, Jas, Sanderson, Thos, J. Noyes, Daniel H. Richards, Com, of Arrangements. Officers. — President, Geo. O. Tiffany; 'Vice Presidents, D, Wels, Jr,, Jas. H, Rogers, John T. Haight, A. F. Pratt, Samuel Brown, Geo, Paddock, Taylor Haverlin, Geo. H. Walker, F. B. Otis, and Geo. D, Dousman; Orator, Hans Crocker; Marshal, Maj, Gen, John Crawford; Assistant Marshals, John S. Rockwell and David Bonham; Committee on Toasts, Joshua Hathaway, Clinton Walworth and Benj. H. Edgerton; Committee of Arrangements, Horatio N.Wells, Chas. J. Lynde, Capt. Jas, Sanderson, Thos, J. Noyes, and D, H, Richards. I weU remember this occasion. It was at this time that F. W. Horn, then an active politician, offered the toast that gave such offence to the Germans, as weU as the Americans, and for which he was subsequently asked to apologize. The foUowing article, taken from the Advertiser, wiU show how he apologized : To the Advertiser : At the celebration of the Democrats of MUwaukee, on the 22d of February, a na tive of Germany calling himself F.W, Horn, took occasioi) to offer a toast, (furnished by some of the Whigs,) to insult the Germans of this county, who united with the Democrats of Milwaukee county in the celebration of the Birthday of Washington. OF MILWAUKEE. 107 Mr. Horn has since privately begged the pardon of a portion of his German friends. But as the gross insult was offered publicly, we wish the retraction and apology to be make publicly; and therefore request that Mr, Horn will make a public retraction in one of the daily newspapers of Milwaukee, or we shall be obliged to give an exposition of his character. Many Germans. Milwaukee, February 25th, 1841, Whether Mr, Horn ever did make a public let/action, I do not know, but I presume not, as I cannot find any. The foUowing, how ever, is his reply, published in the Sentinel in March, 1841 : For the Sentinel: Mr. Editor — In the Advertiser of February 25th, 1 notice something concern ing me, to which I would have replied immediately, had I not beeii anxious to know what my countrymen can say against my character. I would have waited still longer if too many stories about my sayings at the dinner were not going round, which I' deny to be true. During the dinner at the Fountain House, nothing disrespectful was said by me against the Germans, and I challenge any one who was there to say otherwise. My toast* was given only in a political sense, and there was no offence meant, or even thought of. F. W. Horn, License, The license laws went into effect this year for the first time, by the following ordinance : Be it ordained by the President and Trustees of the Town of Milwaukee that no person, except a regular inn-keeper, shall sell less than one quart at a time, and that to be drank upon the premises. The provisions of this act would not trouble some of the whisky suckers of the present day much. In fact, I think they would rather like it if it was the law now. Prospects. In speaking of the prospects of the young city, and its growth at this time, the editor of the Sentinel, under date of March i6th, 1841, writes as follows : *The toast that got up such a row was simply this: "O, my poor ignorant countrymen, they know not what they do." This was nothing very dangerous; and wlien we consider the strong Democratic tendencies of the Germans when they first came, it is not very surprising that Mr. Horn should feel a little indig nant that any of them should so far forget their duty as to have attended the late Whig banquet. 108 PIONEER history Milwaukee. The prospects of Milwaukee were never more cheering than at present. Through all the depressions and vicissitudes of the hard times, she has held her own, and no permanent diminution of her population has taken place. Her march has, in fact, been constantly onward, amid all the changes and difficulties that have be fallen the newer towns and viUages of the West for the past five years. Our present population is near tvventy-five hundred, and although we get no appropri ation for a harbor as yet, still the number is constantly increasing. There are now about forty new stores and dwellings commenced, which will be completed in the summer. A dam* is also being built across the river at the north end of the town, (the present dam,) which wUl furnish hydraulic power to an almost unlimited extent. Three brick yardsf will be m operation this year, as soon as spring opens. In addition to this, there is almost a certainty that a loan will be obtained to enable the Canal Company to commence work on the canal, which will give us yet greater facilities for business during the approaching sum mer than ever before. Death of the "Advertiser." From the Sentinel q{ March 30th, 1841, I cUp the following : Gone Up. The Milwaukee Advertiser has gone to its long home, unwept, unhonored and unsung. Peace to its ashes. Our neighbor Richards has retired to private life. Blessings attend him. This was the last of Uncle Dan Richards as an editor. His suc cessor was Josiah A. Noonan. Blooded Stock. This year also witnessed the first importation of blooded stock — short-horned Durham — by Geo. Reed. The land office was removed this spring to the Rogers Block, corner of Spring and West Water streets. A. B. Morton was Register. Travel. The ferry at Spring street began to be much used this spring, in teams and 251 passengers having been ferried over on the big scow, and 902 foot passengers on the sniaU scow, in one day. The foUowing editorial, taken from the Milwaukee Courier (late *Tlie contract for building this dam was let by Geo. Reed to Col. John Ander son, in April, 1841. f One of these brick yards was at the head of Oneida street, and operated by Wm. Sivyer. It was given up, I think, in '43 or '44. OF MILWAUKEE. 109 the Advertiser,), of May ist, gives an indication of the way things appeared at that time. Milwaukee has at no period since 1 836 given sueh substantial evidence of pros perity as at the present time, during the past fall and winter. The merchants have generally disposed of their goods, some stocks are entirely exhausted, and there have been, as near as we can learn, about one hundred thousand dollars' worth of goods sold in this town within the last twelve months, and sold, too, principally for ready pay. Some of the merchants are now East, and will return shortly with new stocks. Another evidence of our rapid and healthy increase is the great scarcity of dweU ings. There is not a comfortable dwelling that can be rented in the town; every thing in the shape of a house is full, and more are needed. Contractors inform us that over one hundred buildings* will be erected in this town within six months from the first of March last. Among them will be two churches, one for Presbyterians, (the present Emanuel,) and one for the Congregationalistst (Ply mouth,) both of which will be constructed of brick. The balance are intended for dwellings, and a number of them will be of such a character as to be an ornament to the place. Other improvements of importance are also being made in the town, among which are the opening and completion of East Water street, from Mason to Divis ion, and the opening of Second street on the west side, from its junction with West Water to the Menomonee river, and the construction of a float bridge on that street. This latter improvement will connect us with the south side at Han over street, and will be of great importance to that part of the town. The filling of East Water street from Mason to Division in 1841, was done by an Irishman by the name of Jeremiah Coffee, with two yoke of oxen, one of which oxen was black.f He lived at that time on Ninth street, near its intersection with Wells, on the east side of Ninth street. His house, (a shanty,) was built on the slope of the bank, the upper story being on the level with Ninth street. In this *0f the one hundred buildings spoken of, perhaps forty of all kinds were erected, not more. And these were principally on the west side, and built by the Germans. The editor of the Courier ranst have been looking into a glass tumbler just " previously prior " to writing the article. I was working at the business that summer, and I know that no such number as one hundred were built. fThe Plymouth church, built at the northeast corner of Spring and Second streets, during 1843-4, (burned July 4th, 1861,) was of brick. But the First Presbyterian, at the corner of Milwaukee and .Mason streets, (yet standing, and used as a carriage factory, temperance hall and other purposes,) was of wood. See chapter on churches. JMr. Coffee also had an old horse working in a cart, that needed no driver, he going as regular from the bank to the dump, and back again, as though he had been driven. He was lame and stiff, but faithful, and showed more intelligence than many of the drivers of the present day. 110 PIONEER HISTORY upper story he kept his oxen, and lived below himself. He also graded Hanover street* from Florida to the marsh, in the fall of 1841. and the road across the marsh, to connect with Second street, in the winter of 1841-2 ; he also filled the most of South Water street in 1845, from the foot of Oregon street to the straight cut, the present harbor. He died in the summer of 1848 while engaged in filling that part below Nunnemacher's miU. Mr. Coffee was about five feet six inches in height, weighed one hundred and forty pounds, was of a very nervous temperament. He had very dark hair, large dark eyes, set deep in his head, a sharp thin face, and was one of the most industrious men that ever came here. I remember him well. The bridge at the foot of Second street, was a stationary, and not a floating one, with a frame bent in the middle to rest upon, and was in constant use up to 1853 or '54, when it was pulled down, as the MUwaukee and Mississippi Railroad Company wanted the ground, as weU as that part of Second street, for a yard. A horse once jumped off" this bridge, with a buggy, in which were two men, and a valise containing five thousand dollars in specie. The horse was drowned, but the men were rescued and the money recov ered. The accident was caused by a boy, who was fishing for bull heads, jerking up his line just as the horse got opposite where he sat. Moral : Never cross a bridge with money, where a boy is fishing for bull-heads. . The bark Badger State was buUt just below this bridge, by Charles Wheeler and Thomas WiUiams, in the winter of 1852-3; and there was a large brick steam paper mill also erected there by Joseph Lud ington, in 1846-7, which was pulled down, the smoke stack being demolished the same day of the launch. This mill stood at or near the west end of the present freight house of the Northern Transporta tion Co. A Large Family. A man with his wife and nineteen children arrived on last Tuesday, the loth of June, on the schooner Henry Norton, from Mackinaw, Thirteen were girls. I recollect this family well. He stood them up in row, and there *There are probaby not many now living who know that Hanover street was once graded to the Menomonee, and was the principal connection between the west and south sides, during 1841-2-3-4; but it was. OF MILWAUKEE. Ill was a regular slant from the head of the eldest to the youngest, of just about a quarter pitch, Uke the roof of an ordinary house. John Evarts carried them to Muskego. All their worldly goods werenot worth twenty doUars. The Courier of August has the foUowing : Among the best evidences of our growing prosperity is the great demand for houses and real estate in the business part of the town. Two or three merchants came to us last week to know where they could get stores. C. C. Dewey has just sold his two-story block of frame buildings^' on the southwest corner of East Water and Wisconsin streets, for three thousand doUars cash, and has commenced to locate by the erection of a brick blockf further down. Parcelet Potter came this year, having been appointed Register of the Land Office by President Tyler (vice Morton, removed,) and built a house on the south side of Milwaukee street, between Wiscon sin and Michigan, out of floor joists, same as the elevators are con structed, the first, and as far as I know, the only one of the kind ever buUt in the city.| Political. The Democratic Whig Convention for the election of Delegates to the Territorial Convention to be held in Madison in July, was held this year in June, at the Court House. The (bounty Committee to caU this Convention were A. Finch, Jr., Jas, Y. Watson, A. E, Elmore and Jared Thompson. The Democratic Republican Convention, the call for which was signed by John S. Rockwell, Chas, J. Lynde and D. H. Richards, was held this year at PrairieviUe, July 5th. There was much excitement this year, just before the September election, on account of so many lawyers being put on the ticket. Several spicy newspaper articles were written by Uncle Zeb. Packard and others. One signed "A Democrat " gave the Whigs " HaU Columbia" for not putting some farmers on the ticket; but the best one of aU was one headed "Consistency," which read as foUows : This sale was to James B, Martin, through Peter Yates, his attorney, of the building only, the ground having been purchased at a later date. fThis was the block spoken of in Volume I, as the first brick block built on the east side, {A part of this house is now embodied in the residence of Angus Smith, north west corner of Martin and Marshall, it having been removed there by F. B, Miles, who built that house. 112 PIONEER HISTORY At the election last fall (meaning 1840,) when Messrs. Upham and Arnold were running for the Council, Tweedy, Hustis, Longstreet & Co. were perambulating the county electioneering against them on the ground that they were lawyers, and both residing in Milwaukee. This year the tables are turned, and we presume they will sing a different song. A ticket is now put in nomination with three law yers and a like number of merchants upon it, and the interests of the dear people in the county will no doubt be well protected. The truth is, however, the people had no hand in the matter. The pins were all set up before the Convention, and the farmers and working men have no cause to complain. It is sufficient for them to know that these lawyers know what you want better than you do. We have come all the way from Buffalo, much against our own interest, to enlighten you farmers of " Wiskonsan," (a hit at Doty and his party,) to enlighten you on the subject of temperance, morals and finance. "Go it while you're young," Uncle Zeb. The election of Wm. H. Harrison to the Presidency in 1840, was haUed by the Whigs of MUwaukee with joy, and was, as has been already seen, celebrated with great pomp. Consequently the deflec tions of Tyler, to whom they looked, after Harrison's death, to carry out their principles, was a sad blow. The following synopsis of a lengthy article that appeared in the Sentinel oi September 7th, 1841, from the versatile pen of Horatio N. Wells, wUl Ulustrate the joy of the Democracy at what Mr. Tyler had done: Tippecanoe and Tyler Too! One of the beautiful specimens of Whig principles which was christened with great eclat during the campaign, was Hurrah for Tippecanoe and Tyler too — And a little the loudest for Tyler, 01 Since the veto of their darling, however, a change has come over their musical nerves. They never did think much of Tyler, O, no! "Go it. Tip!" and "Come it, Tyler!" was their favorite watchword. Tip, has "gone it," and Tyler has "come it" over them with a vengeance. Come, cheer up, gentlemen Whigs; don't look so chopfaUen. You have had the honor of electing a President once in twelve years, and if he won't stay put, you ought to be satisfied. Election. The newspaper warfare this year, was extremely bitter between the Doty and anti-Doty faction. Mr. Arnold, who was a candidate for Delegate to Congress, upon the Whig ticket, had alienated a large number of his friends, (particularly in the Democratic party, with OF MILWAUKEE. 113 whom he was quite popular,) by his relations with Judge Doty, and his course in connection with the Mineral Point Bank. This warfare, in which Noonan, the then editor of the Courier, and EUsha Starr, who was at that time editor of the yournal, took sides, was greatly augmented by H. N. Wells obtaining possession of the Sentinel, then the leading Whig organ edited by Harrison Reed, on a snap judg ment (of thirty dollars,) and converting it into a Democratic paper, right in the middle of the campaign, with Clinton Walworth as editor ; many si)icy articles were written on both sides, but as usual when the election came the Democracy won the day, after which the foUowing appeared in the Sentinel of October 5th, upon the defeat of the Whigs. All Aboard for Salt River! The new ship Doty Whiggery, J. D. Doty, Master, J, E, Arnold, Mate. The above ship will leave the head of Lake Winnebago, on Monday next, at 9 A. M,, for Salt River. A fine band of music will be on board, which will perform many coon-skin airs, besides " Hark from the tombs,'' to enliven the voyage. The ob ject of the expedition will be to explore that newly discovered country, with a view of a permanent settlement of a town, the name of which is to be spelled with a"k." P. S, — This is a good chance for "spec-tecls" (meaning E. Cramer,) and money lenders. Madison, October 5th, 1841, Steamboats. The Boats from Buffalo this season were, the Illinois, Capt. Blake ; Missouri, Capt. WUkins; Great Western, Capt. Walker; Constellation, Capt. A. Allen ; James Madison, Capt. McFadyen ; Bunker HiU, Capt. Floyd ; Wisconsin, Capt. Randall ; Buffalo, Levi Allen. IS 114 pioneer history Harbor. A harbor meeting meeting was held in October at the Milwaukee House, to take measure's to secure an appropriation for a harbor at MUwaukee, Judge A. G. Miller, President, at which time a com mittee was appointed to draw plans for piers and make estimates for a harbor where the present one is. Among the notable events of this year was the arrival of the steamer MUwaukee, (mention of which was made in Vol. I.) in our bay on the 8th day of July, she having been run out of Buffalo harbor on the 4th, (on the sly,) by Capt. L. H. Cotton and Duncan C. Reed, at the instigation of Mr. Juneau, who was a large stockholder in her, and from whom she was unjustiy detained by the other owners. She was run on the bar at the mouth of the river, where she lay with a guard constantiy aboard her untU the 2 1st of November, when she was got over and safely moored inside, and Mr. Juneau got his rights. She was afterwards sold to Oliver Newbury, of Detroit ; she was the fastest boat on the lakes at that time ; her machinery was put in the new steamer Nile. McCabe. The foUowing is one of the many articles that appeared about this time upon this distinguished individual ; it is taken from the Commer cial Herald of October 2d, 1841 : A very dignified controversy is distressing the loco focos of Racine county at present, and it promises to terminate in some " orful" and 'orrible catastrophe, exceeding in interest, sublimity and grandeur that celebrated tragedy in which it is recorded of the Kilkenny cats that they ate each other up, " hide and hair, tooth and nail." Nay, Pat, don't stare, for I'm not joking. For not the tip end of a tail was left for a token. We hasten to keep our readers advised of the progress of events. The combat ants are "Julius," "Jerusalem," "Jemima," "Patrick," "Patricius," "Bom- bastes,'' "Caesar," "Cicero," "Mack Kabe," the immackulate and immortal author of the great Wisconsin Gazeteer that is to be, for and in behalf of himself in particular, and the Irish in general, and C. Latham Sholes, assistant editor of the Southport Telegraph, for and in behalf of the loco foco party in Racine county, for which he stands sponsor and godfather. The rupture originated in McCabe's asking for the office of Representative, which fairly belonged to hitn for the following reasons: He was incontestably a OF MILWAUKEE. 115 good subterranean " Barn-Burning Door Loco P'oco," being in for the largest lib erty, or the liberty of making himself as great a vagabond as possible, without reproof. He was too lazy to work, too proud to beg, and afraid to steal, (there is some doubt about the latter.) It was for asking for this office that he was read out of the party, although he had furnished Mr. Sholes with all the best editorials he had, and was an Irishman to boot! We published a short time ago the article of excommunication from the Tele graph. It was intimated by that sheet that McCabe was a fitter subject for a seat at Waupun than a Representative, whereupon McCabe became rabid, and belabors Latham with a chain of cant, abuse and truth, commencing with the following fine exclamation of McC, : " Who steals my purse steals trash." This clause, to carry out the figure, should read: " But he who filches me of my good name, robs me of something which I never had." Crops. Crops were first rate in 1841. Wheat sold for seventy-five cents per bushel (whisky the same.) Flour was worth $5.50 in New York, about $3.50 here. Stuck down. There was quite a scene at the old court house this year, at a public meeting, on account of the seats having been varnished. There was a great destruction of pants, nearly every one present leaving a part of the seat of " his'n " as a souvenir. The noise made when they attempted to rise was like the rising from the ground of a thousand pigeons. It was a regular r-i-p-p-p. Shooting Matches. Prominent among the shooting matches in which the Milwaukeans of the olden time, were wont to while away the dreary winter months, (mention of which was made in Vol. I.,) was one that occurred in February, 1841, at Walker's Point, for a gray filly owned by Geo. E. Graves. A target was placed upon the ice at what is now the south east corner of Lake and Clinton streets, the stand from which to shoot being what is now the center of Ferry and South Water streets. One hundred tickets were sold for one dollar each. Among those who entered the field were Capt. James Sanderson, Doctor A. L. Castieman, E. B. Wolcott, Pliny Young, and a man from Pennsylvania by the name of McNiece ; the contest was finally narrowed down to this man and Pliny Young, McNiece having eighteen shots, and Young eleven, every one of which were placed within a circle of five inches 116 pioneer history of MILWAUKEE. diameter, McNiece winning the fiUy for Graves. This shooting was so close that Young challenged McNiece to a private match, at his house just south of RaUroad, and between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, at which they were engaged untU about sunset, without either being wiUing to give up the championship, when Mrs. Young came home, and laughingly remarked that she could beat them both, and she did, sending a bullet directly into the center of the target the first shot. This so mortified McNiece that he left the place. This was a pretty good speculation for Graves, as he not only got the hundred dollars but won the filly besides. This filly was afterwards ridden to Green Bay by a lady. The First Brewery. The first brewery ever built in MUwaukee for the manufacture of lager beer, was upon the south side. It was erected by Mr. Herman Reidelschoefer, in the spring of 1841. It was located on the north east corner of Hanover and Virginia streets, and was a small affair, about 20x30, one and a half stories in height, with a basement under the east end, (it being buUt partly in the bank,) in which the beer was made. The carpenter work was done by Stoddard H. Martin and Lucien V. Zander. The brewery was not a success financially, and soon passed into the hands of John Myers, who operated it for a short time, when it was sold to Mr, Neukirk, the father-in-law of the late Chas. T. Melms, by whom it was operated for a short time, when it passed into the hands of Mr. Melms, and finally became the nucleus ofthe present mammoth estabUshment of PhUip Best & Co.'s South Side Brewery. This wiU close the history of 1841, in which there was probably more advance made than for the three previous years. There was a great amount of buncombe and brag in the papers, but a large amount of real work was done nevertheless. The return of winter, however, brought us once more our usual amount of horse racing and turkey shooting, until spring showed her smUing face once more. CHAPTER IV. 1842. Opening of the Year — Arrival of Geo. W. Fay and others — ^Wells' New Block — Russell Wheeler Came — Arrival and Sketch of Messrs, Shepard & Bonnell, Geo, Fowler and W. H. Byron — Sketch of S. M, Dillaye and others — Philetus C. Hale, Sketch of — Sketch of Judge Abram D. Smith, Jason Downer, J. H. Eviston, Geo. Reed and others — Elisha Eldred, Sketch of — L. H. Cotton — Clark Sliepardson — ^John N, Bonesteel Came — ^Joseph R. Treat — K. Huebsch mann — Sketch of Chauncey Simonds and Wm. Brooke — Hotels — Juneau's Old House — Incidents — The Mitchell Building — Election of Trustees — First Election of Town Officers under New Law — Newspaper Warfare — Harbor — Doty's Military Appointments — Roads and Bridges — Col. Morton — Steamer Trowbridge Goes Ashore — A Reminiscence — County Convention — Election — The First Tannery — Improvements — Shipments — Steamboats — Arrivals — Doctor Weeks speculates in Salt — Immigiation, The spring of 1842 was an unusually early one, the previous winter had been quite mild, very little snow. The ice left the river March 6th, and the 26th of March brought in^our first boat from Buff'alo, the Chesapeake, Capt. Howe, the first through the Straits that spring. The trade of the winter had been a good one, and the prospect of a good season's trade this year was encouraging. Those who had passed through bankruptcy, (and their name was legion, as an examination of the early court records wiU fully prove,) were with few exceptions, on their feet again, with a clean bill of health, and ready to commence the battle of life anew. Their debts all paid with the stroke of a pen. Their record without a stain, They were ready to open a bran new store And " whoop her up '' again. Our population had now increased to 2500, some twenty-five stores were in fuU blast, and doing a business of from seventy to one hun dred thousand doUars annually, (this is I think too low an estimate, it was fully one huudred and fifty thousand.) Among the new comers this spring were Stinson & Howard, S. Gregory, and Husted & Coon, aU boots and shoes, in a small way. Husted & Coon were in Smith & Bros,' old stand, 412 East Water, or near there. Where Stinson & 118 pioneer history Howard were I cannot remember, but think it was at what is now 392 East Water, and S. Gregory a Uttle further down. Geo. W, Fay, now living at Oconomowoc, also came this year with a stock of boots and shoes, which he opened at what is now 389 East Water, J, and L, Ward's old stand. A. F. Clark, drugs and groceries, in Wells' new block,* north of Cottage Inn. Lewis Pierron opened a cigar store where pure Havanas made in Connecticut out of cabbage leaves, could be had " sheap, by gar, shentlemens." Lewis Pierron's Cigar and Tobacco Store. East Water street opposite the Cottage Inn. If you should chance to walk the street. Drop in at Pierron's, and yourself treat ; He keeps cigars with scents so fine. Of every qualitj' and every kind ! Principes and canones in abundance he has, And cavendish which nothing can surpass ; You will be so pleased — you wUl like them so. That you will treat both friend and foe. Come in and only try but four, Then you never again will pass his door. Come friends and foes and give him a call. His cigars are good, and his prices small. RusseU Wheeler and Alex. Curtis came this year, with a large stock of harness and saddlery, which they opened, with a flaming advertise ment, in a frame building standing at what is now 335 East Water. James S. Baker, now of Green Bay, opened an insurance office in Wells' Block, with the Protection, of Hartford, in connection with his law business. ' A. T. Smith & Brother opened a stock of hardware and dry goods at 333 East Water, called the " New York City Store," *Wells's block was built at Sheboygan by Geo, E. Graves, for a warehouse, but when it became evident that it would not be wanted, it was sold to H, N, Wells, taken down, brought to Milwaukee and re-erected in Lot 10, Block 7, directly north of and adjoining the Cottage, in 1842, and burned with the Cottage in the great fire of April uth, 1845. The two-story frame dwelling house known as 417 Jackson street was also brought from Sheboygan that summer by Wm. H, Farnsworth, who occupied it for a year or two ; also the one at the south west corner of Milwaukee and Michigan, now the office of R. Eliot & Co,, was brought from Sheboygan by the late Richard Hacket. OF MILWAUKEE. 119 Shepard & Bonnell (Clarence Shepard and James Bonnell) came this year in October, with the largest stock of hardware and general mer chandise (twenty-eight thousand doUars' worth,) that had, up to that time, ever been brought here by any one firm, which they opened in the south tenement of Dewey's Commercial Block. Lansing BonneU and a man named Huntington also came at the same time as clerks. N. S. Donaldson was in the north tenement with dry goods ; and AVeeks & MUler (Doctor Lemuel W. Weeks and Henry Miller,) were in the center store with general merchandise, I think Shepard & Bonnell had the most crowded store (except old Reed's second hand store in Boston,) that I ever was in. It was almost impossible to move about, there were so many goods. They were soon compelled to seek new quarters, which they did in the faU of 1843, at what is now 391 East Water. Here they remained until December, 1849, '>vhen the late Henry WiUiams became a partner, and they removed to Geo. F. Austin's new block, now known as Nos. 283, 285, 287, 289 and 291 East Water, where they did a large business, under the firm name of Shepard, Bonnell &. Williams. In 1850 Mr. Shepard retired, and the business was conducted by Bon nell & Williams for two years more, when they removed to Nos. 297 and 299 East Water, where they remained three years, when Mr. Williams also retired, and Mr, BonneU went it alone, at that and other localities, the last being the southwest corner of Michigan and East Water, where the Messrs. Houghton Brothers now are, which had been rebuilt for him, until 1873, when he retired from business alto gether. His smiling face, however, can be seen almost daily upon our streets, as he comes around to see his old acquaintances, and re visit the scenes of his former business life. Time has dealt kindly with Mr. BonneU, and his form is as erect and his eye as bright as a boy's. He looks you square in the face when speaking to you, and is always happy to meet his old business acquaintances, and talk over the olden time. Mr. B. is about to go into business again in Chicago. May good luck be his, wherever he goes. Mr, Shepard is still in the hardware business at 387 East Water, where J, & L. Ward's granite store* once stood, (John Gale's old *So called from having its front painted in imitation of granite. 120 PIONEER history place,) and is one of MUwaukee's.most prosperous and respected mer chants. One peculiarity about Mr. Shepard is, that he is always, when in town, to be found at his own store, and always attending strictiy to his own business. Can aU business men say the same ? Mr. Shepard has a lithe, active frame ; is of a nervous tempera ment; speaks short and quick, and watches aU that is going on around him with a critical eye. He is very methodical in his busi ness, very particular whom he selects for confidants or friends, says very littie to any one, and is one of the most thoroughly domestic men among us ; when not at his store, you wUl find him at his home. John and Eliphalet Cramer, the first a new comer, also opened a large stock of hardware in WeUs' new block, in November, A. F. Clark having removed to what is now 367 East Water street. John Winter opened a German drug store on West Water, above Spring street. Geo. J. Fowler* came with dry goods, and opened in Holton & Goodall's old stand,t 398 East Water, they having moved across the river, where J. H. Tesch is now, No. 13 Grand avenue. Wm. H. Byron came this year, with a large stock of hardware, which he opened in Pomeroy's old stand, now Nos. 351 and 353 East Water, (sign of the anvU.) Here heremained, except for a short time, whUe his store was being rebuilt, after the great fire of AprU, 1845, untU he retired from business. He was, from the day of his coming, a prominent business man ; was of a genial temperament, fond of company ; had good social quaUties and business ability, and could tell a good story, and enjoyed Ufe ; and whether prosperous or not, was always cheerful. He was the first to seU the celebrated Wool- son cooking stove in Milwaukee. For the last few years of his life he *Geo, J, Fowler was prominent here as a merchant and as an insurance man, in connection with the old Milwaukee Mutual, for which he was an agent for many years; He was a man of correct principles, sterling integrity, a consistent and exemplary Christian, and has left a good record as a heritage for his children. He built, among others, the curiously shaped dwelling at the inter section of Clybourn and Hill streets, where he died. ¦(-Messrs. Holton & Goodall had purchased the lot on the southeast corner of Spring and West Water, early in the fall of 1842, and got a building on it. The building stood on what is now No. 13 Grand avenue. It was a two-story frame, moved there, I think, and was the first one ever put on this lot. They also built the present block. The writer would state that in locating these corners, he always imagines himself facing the north. OF MILWAUKEE, 121 was an invalid, and once fasted forty consecutive days at the Madi son water cure. He was a member of the Old Settlers' Club. He died September i6th, 1873. L, L, Treadway opened a stock of dry goods, opposite Cottage, Wm. Price, merchant taUor, opened in Wells' new block, H, L. Moores opened a stock of dry goods in Rogers' block. West Water, this year in August, Rague & Cheaghard, auction and commission, came and opened on East Water. A new store was also opened in J. and !>. Ward's old stand, this fall, by Stephen D. DiUaye, general merchandise, with the intention of making it a wholesale concern subsequently. This store, how ever, was a short-lived institution,* This firm was originally DUlaye & Hayden, (Mortimer M. Hayden,) and was dissolved October 25th, 1842. L, J. Higby was also spreading himself with an advertisement in the Sentinel, three columns in length. It overshadowed all the rest, except F. Wardner's, who, as a rule, occupied more than two columns in both the Courier and Sentinel. If our early merchants did not sell goods, it certainly was not for the want of advertising. An invoice of two hundred doUars would be advertised more than one of ten thousand would now, Philetus C. Hale Came to MUwaukee from Westfield, Mass,, in 1842, for the purpose of opening a book store, which he did in a small frame building, then standing at what is now 411 East Water street.f His advertisement was dated November 2d, 1842. *To show how curiously things will turn sometimes, I will relate a little inci dent connected with Mr. Dillaye. .As stated in the text, he came with the inten tion , ultimately doing a wholesale business; but as an institution of that kind was needed in Milwaukee in 1842 about as much as a kindergarten w-ould be in a Shaker settlement, of course he soon got discouraged, and sold out his stock to Lindsey Ward, and took for payment, or part payment, a claim upon a quarter section of land in Washington county, that Mr. Ward had purchased of the origi nal claimant for an old saddle, called in the trade fifteen hundred dollars. Mr. Ward's conscience troubled him for a short time, for swindling Mr. Dillaye so bad, but Mr. D, sold that land in less than a year to another party for twentyrfive hun dred dollars cash, which put Mr, W,'s conscience at ease. fThis building stood upon the north twenty feet of J.W, Pixley's lot — Lot 5, Block 2, where Messrs. Matthews Bros, now are. No. 407 afterwards occupied by Geo. Metcalf and Deacon John Ogden, as a meat market, was then vacant, no building 16 122 pioneer history This was the first book store ever opened in MUwaukee. There were others that kept a few books, among whom were A. F. Clark, L. J. Higby, T. A. Smith & Bro., and a man by the name of P. MUes; but to Mr. Hale undoubtedly belongs the honor of being the first to open a store for the sale of books and stationery alone. Mr. Hale also opened the first circulating Ubrary in MUwaukee, (see advertisement.) Circulating Library. The Library attached to the Milwaukee book store wiU be in readiness to-day. Persons wishing to patronize the Library are requested to call. P. C. Hale. November 22d, 1842. Mr. Hale remained in this littie store untU the Spring of 1843, when his increasing trade compelled him to seek new quarters, and he accordingly removed to what is now No. 88 Wisconsin street, a smaU one-story frame building owned by Mr. Juneau, He also started the first bindery in MUwaukee in the fall of 1843, in a smaU frame build ing on Second street near where St. GaU's church now stands, in company with Silas Chapman, where it remained untU the faU of 1844, when a second story was put on to No. 88 Wisconsin street, into which it was removed, and where it remained until 1846, Mr, H, having in the meantime, April 30th, 1841;, taken as a partner Edward Hopkins, when he removed to the United States block, and where he remained untU 1849, when he sold out to the late Sidney L, Rood, and retired from the business. Some of the first record books for this and the adjoining counties were ruled and bound in this pioneer bindery, as the foUowing notice taken from the MUwaukee Courier of December 6th, 1843, wiU show : Hale's Bindery. We have just seen some beautiful work which was done at the book bindery of Philetus C. Hale in this town, and we can say without fear of contradiction, that no better work can be obtained west of Boston. He has just completed a set of being placed there untill 1843. The present buUding known as 405 was erected by Messrs. Ludington in 1844, and Nos. 401 and 4(^3 in 1851. This store of Mr, Hale's was the one known as the checkered store, afterwards occupied by Erastus Hathaway for a grocery. Mr. Hathaway was the first one in the place tb inaugu rate the custom of delivering goods, now so universal. I think but am not quite sure, that this building was erected at the corner of Market and Martin streets by Chas. Vieux, and afterwards removed to East Water street. Mr. Hathaway had a large trade in this store for several years. OF MILWAUKEE. 123 books for the county, and has orders for several sets for some of the other counties. Any individual wishing to obtain the best quality of blank books can be accommo dated in Milwaukee at short notice. Mr. Hale also built the brick dweUing on the south west corner of Jackson and Mason streets, the old Doctor Dousman place, where he lived for several years. Mr. Hale, who is yet with us, can well afford to be proud of his record in Milwaukee as a pioneer, for to be the first to start any enterprise in a new country, is an honor that not only the man himself, but his posterity, if he leave any, have just rea son to be proud of, but to make the first record books is a privilege that only one can enjoy. Mr. Hale has had a varied life, and has been in some respects unfortunate, but is one of the kind that is never dis couraged and is to be seen on our streets, as busy as a bee in his business, and although now well down the western slope of life's jour ney, is apparently as active as he was twenty years ago. Mr. Hale has a pleasing address, is very social, always polite and gentlemanly, few men more so. He is engaged in the insurance business, and is an indefatigable worker. And if his life has not been as successful financiaUy as has that of some of his compeers, he is per haps as happy as though it had been, for it is not all of life to be rich. The law department was augmented this year by the arrival of Calvin Ripley Jr., Peter Yates, and the late Judge Abram D, Smith ; this last mentioned gentleman, from Cleveland, Ohio, at once took a prominent position in the ranks of the legal fraternity, which he main tained untU his death, which occurred at sea while on the passage from Beaufort, South Carolina, where he had been sent by the gov ernment, June, 1862, He was buried at Forest Home, Judge Smith was a man of giant intellect, quick perception, ready wit, a fine pleader, and has left a record as a jurist that few ever attain« The first law books containing the Statutes of Wisconsin were the work of his pen ; he had a fine physique, a large head, a keen eye, in which an expression of mirth was always lurking. He was a man that would command attention and respect any where. His plea in the defense of the murderer of James Ross, (WiUiam Ratcliffe,) was a masterpiece of sophistry and elocution, although made in a bad cause. Such in short was Abram D. Smith, one of MUwaukee's best and most honored jurists. 124 pioneer history Jason Downer. There was also another who came this year, who has won for him self a reputation as a jurist, Hon. Jason Downer, who came from Sharon, Orange county, Vermont. Mr. Downer at once took a high rank among the legal fraternity, as a keen, shrewd lawyer who under stood the intricacies of his profession, and was soon found to be a hard man to beat. He had the greatest amount of energy and fight of any of his compeers, (Jas. S. Brown perhaps excepted) and would never surrender as long as there was a ray of hope. He was one of the most prominent members of the bar for several years, when he was honored by the Governor with a seat upon the Supreme bench, No vember, 1864, as one of the Associate Justices to fill a vacancy, and in April, 1865, was elected to the same ofificeifor six years, which he filled with marked abUity untU 1867. when he resigned, and resumed the the practice of law, the salary of a Judge being wholly inadequate to meet his views pecuniarUy. Mr. Downer was also the editor and proprietor of the MUwaukee Sentinel for a short time in 1845, and as such issued the first daUy ever issued by that paper March 1st of that year. He sold out to John S. FiUmore for Gen. Rufus King, on the 19th of September foUowing. Some cf his editorials were very able, as an examination of the files while under his charge will prove. Mr. Downer has a small, wiry, compactly built frame, smaU features, is not very nervous, or easily excited, but is a cool, clear headed, sharp financier, loves money, and ean keep as weU as make it; he is very wealthy, and has retired from active practice, but as a legal counseUor he has no superiors and few equals in the city to-day, and like his compeer, Judge A. D, Smith, has a good record. George Reed. Among those who came in 1835, o^ whom no special mention has been previously made by the author, was George Reed, who came here from Littieton, Essex county. Mass, Mr, Reed was by pro fession a lawyer, and was the first of the guUd to pitch his tent and hang out his shingle in the embryo city. But as very littie Utigation obtained for the first two years, his principal business in the way of his profession was to make contracts and fill out deeds for Messrs. OF MILWAUKEE. 125 Juneau & Martin, whose business in that line he attended to during the summer of 1835-6, going East each faU to spend the' winter. Mr. Reed was one of those who took a hand in every enterprise of that speculative period that gave promise of a paying future, from the inception of the first railroad project in 1836, down to the present ; and has probably made less out of them than did any of his numer ous associates, something nearly always coming up just as he was about to grasp the prize, to floor him. But he is not one who is eas ily discouraged, and as fast as one enterprise failed, he planned an other ; and is just as busy to-day laying pipe, as he was in 1835, and with the goal he then started for as far distant, apparently, as then. He was one who, with Mr, KUbourn, helped originate the Milwau kee and Rock River Canal, now represented by the present water power. He was also the originator of the State Agricultural Society. The Manitowoc and Mississippi Railroad was started by him in 1861, as weU as that great commercial artery, the Wisconsin Central, in 1869 ; both of which, just as they were becoming important, sUpped from his hands, Mr, Reed is a man of indomitable will, with energy to back it ; nor wiU he, under any circumstances, give up as long as there is hope. And if beaten at one point, will commence anew at some other. Neither could any one, not well acquainted with him, discover by his appearance but that all was lovely on the Potomac, be he ever so discouraged. He has shaken the bush a great many times, whUe others caught the bird. In person Mr, Reed is of medium height, has a fine form, and although seventy-three years old ; he is as straight and erect as when he first came to Milwaukee, He walks with a slow and measured step, is very dignified, and of very quiet and unassuming manners, but at the same time, is very observant. He has a very retentive memory, and has the ins and outs of his whole business at his tongue's end. Like Alanson Sweet, he grasps at large things, and, like him, wiU lead or break som.ething. Mr, Reed is verv reticent, even with acquaintances, and never lets any one get too intimate with him. He has a remarkably good constitution, is always temperate, and of course healthy. And had all the projects in which he has been interested paid as well as they bid fair to when entered upon, he would have been as wealthy as is Mr. MitcheU. But such is life. 126 PIONEER HISTORY That year also brought us Priam B. HiU, who filled for so many years the post of Secretary for the MUwaukee Mutual Insurance Co. Mr. HUl, who is yet living at the advanced age pf eighty, has been a promirient and useful man in his day. He built the frame house on the southeast corner of Eighth street and Grand avenue, (house now standing on rear of lot,) where he resided for many years. He also buUt the brick dwelUng, northwest corner of Eleventh street and Grand avenue, now the residence of the Hon. E. P. Matthews, to whom he sold it. Mr. HiU has seen much of life, both in prosperity and adversity, and is now spending his autumnal years with his grand-daughter. He is is a finely preserved and pleasant gentleman, and has the respect of all who know him. Among the new comers this year, not previously mentioned, were John W. Eviston, boUer maker, John Lowther, T. D. Butier and Thos. CoUingbourne, painters, the latter being stiU in business. Mr. Col- Ungbourne has been quite successful as a business man ; and as an artist, has few equals in the West. Tripp & Wilson, tailors, opened a shop over Holton & Goodall; 398 East Water street. Mr. Tripp -was a great sportsmen, too much so for his own good. He left many years ago, having aU run out. This year also brought Mr. H. C. Koch, from Germany, who has grown to be one of the best architects in the city, wholly by his own energy, aided by a good, sound mechanical talent. Mr. Koch has a large business, particularly among the Germans, and is rapidly acquir ing both wealth and fame. Another prominent citizen who came this year was Elisha Eldred, with twenty-six thousand dollars in money, which he at once pro ceeded to invest in real estate, which he held on to until his death, Mr, Eldred was a man of excellent judgment. He looked ahead, and never had any doubt about the future of Milwaukee, as his invest ing aU his money in lots and holding them, fuUy proved. He was a very industrious man, plain and unassuming in his manners ; and, while living, was one of MUwaukee's influential citizens. He buUt the magnificent house, northwest corner of Grand avenue and Four teenth street, now the residence of Mrs. L. H. Kellogg. He was one of the few who became wealthy by the rise of their real estate alone. OF MILWAUKEE. 127 He always managed, in some way, to make his property pay its way, by leasing it. Mr. Eldred was tall, six feet or over; he had an iron constitution, was not nervous ; had an even temper, and never allowed himself to get efcited. He despised pomp and show, never made any ostenta tious display of his wealth, and had no respect for or confidence in those who did. He was often called upon to settle difficulties between his neighbors, and like Deacon Samuel Brown, was a peacemaker always ; he had a strong voice, but low in tone, spoke clearly and distinctly, but was not much of a talker ; he was well posted always in all important enter prises ofthe day; and when in office guarded the people's money as he would his own. He died July 2 2d, i860. The principal forwarding and commission houses this year, were Wm. W, Brown & Co,, (Wm. W. Brown and Leicester H, Cotton,*) upon the east side at the foot of East Water street, and Wm, R, Long- street & Co. upon the west side at the foot of Chestnut street, Capt, Leicester H, Cotton was in many respects a remarkable man ; he was of fine physique, of commanding presence, and a born leader ; he was quick to perceive what was wanted, prompt to act, and as fearless as a lion; he was in every respect a self-made man, for with out education or influential friends, he arose to prominence and power. He commanded a steamer for many years on the I^akes, and for a short time on the ocean ; he was also United States Marshal for Wis consin under President Taylor in 1850; he was also the first Chief En gineer in the Fire Department, He left many years ago for the south, where I believe he died some few years since at New Orleans. There are many yet living who can remember his pleasant face and kindly greeting. The writer served under him as Assistant Marshal, and wiU never forget his kindness. Peace to his memory. J, Neiderkin, baker, opened a shop on the east side of East Water street, below Huron, this year, at what is now No. 307 East Water, which property he owns to-day, Clark Shepardson opened an iron store in his new two-story frame building,t -at what is now No. 376 East Water, in September, with an *This firm was dissolved in a short time, Capt, Cotton retiring. tT'his building was removed in 1856 to the east side of 'Van Buren street, where it is now doing duty as a Home for the Friendless, and known as Nos. 378 and 380 Van Buren. 128 PIONEER HISTORY advertisement in the papers a column in length, winding up with the foUowing quaint call to his old customers to pay up : Heedest Thou Me Not! Did I not shoe thy Horse or Ox, or sharpen thy Plow or Harrow, or repair thy Chains or Wagon, that thou might plow and subdue the earth for thine own ben efit ? and will thou deign even to withhold from me my due, until thou hast plowed, and sowed, and reaped, the first, second, and even the third year ? Think of these things, and remember thou thy promises, C. Shepardson. June 2Sth, 1842, Ed. Wiesner also removed his wine and liquor store to East Water street, just south of the present Kirby House, in July of this year. This was a great resort for the Germans, Mr, Wiesner claims the honor (if it was an honor,) of introducing the first Thomas cat in the Cream City, How is that for high ? John N. Bonesteel came this year, with a smaU stock of goods that he had saved out of his old store at Oswego, N, Y,, which he put on exhibition in the south half of Shepardson's new store; he had an advertisement in the paper, dated November ist, that would answer to-day for Mr, Chapman. E, and Z. Sill removed this year to the Hustis block, corner of Chestnut and Third, the littie store in Rogers block being too smaU to accommodate their increasing trade. F, Wardner also removed to what is now No, 365 East Water, he and Higby having dissolved May ist. Davis & Moore (.Cyrus D. Davis and Darius S. Moore,) opened a Uvery stable on the southwest corner of East Water and Mason streets, in connection with their stage line. A new grocery was also opened, opposite the Cottage Inn, in Octo ber, by Henry Lieber, who had quite a large stock, Joseph R, Treat started a blacksmith shop on the southeast corner of East Water and Huron streets, this year, and Horace Freeman opened a seed store, on West Water, with about a peck of seeds, and an advertisement a column in length in the papers. And there were no doubt many others who came, as well as many other changes made, that are now forgotten. The medical department was further augmented this year by the arrival of Francis Huebschmann, from Germany, who, in addition to OF MILWAUKEE. 129 the practice of medicine, was for years an active poUtician and a leader among his countrymen. He also held al one time the oflice of Indian Agent. Mr. Huebschmann was a man of culture, fine intellect and good abUities, but unfortunately all these qualities were rendered nugatory by his irascible temper. He would rule or he would ruin. And whenever he did rule, ruin was the result. His was a case of good material badly put together. And after a stormy life, he passed away March 21st, 1880, at the age of sixty-nine years. Chas. C. Dewey removed to 413 East Water street, (he having rented his former stand at 395 to L. J. Higby,) where he remained until 1843, when he sold out to WiUiams Lee. This year also brought our esteemed fellow citizen, Chauncey Si monds, who is the present " head-center " (this is a Fenian word, and means chief or leader,) of the celebrated clothing house of Simonds & Brooke, No. 382 East Water, where his pleasant face and cheery voice can be seen and heard any day, except when he goes trout fishing in the piney woods in Oconto county, with Gov. Harrison Ludington, or deer shooting on the Chippewa river, for both of which pastimes he has a strong passion; and who, as a member of the "Old Guard," has acquired, in the latter mentioned pastime, a great renown. The reader, however, must not confound this Guard with Napoleon's old Guard, who made that famous charge at Waterloo. Far from it. They were not that kind of " hairpins." They were simply an organization for the protection of the corn fields at Hartiand, Waukesha county, from the depredations of the rabbits, bluejays, crows, catbirds, gophers, woodchucks, foxes, deer, and other carnivora with which that region was infested in the olden time. And in the accomplishment of which (unless their record book was a gross libel,) they have performed wonderful feats of valor. In fact, it has been stated that so well had the latter mentioned animals come to know the crack of Chauncey's rifle, that as the shooting season draws near, sentinels are constantly -on the lookout for his appearance, which they no sooner discover, than they " light out " en masse, and have even been known to seek safety in the rear of Sitting BuU's camp in the dominions of Victoria Regina, before feeling perfectly secure, when it was known that he was actually out after venison. 17 130 PIONEER HISTORY This statement, however, was made by an old Yankee on the Chip pewa river, and may possibly be only a canard, and should be taken in smaU doses, as those Chippewa Yankees have been known to Ue Uke thunder sometimes, and I presume this one did. But joking aside, I believe it is true that over twelve hundred of those frisky little Wisconsin antelope have been killed by this Guard, more than half of which have faUen by the hand of Mr. Simonds alone. But to resume. Mr. Simonds is in every respect a self-made man, and has risen to his present position wholly on his own merits. He is a good business man, sharp and keen, is quick to see arid prompt to act ; is incUned to " yarn it " a litde occasionaUy, and can tell a good orie, too. He is a prominent member of the Old Settlers and Pioneer Clubs, and of the latter is the present Secretary and Treasurer. His partner, Mr. WiUiam Brooke, is in many respects just the oppo site of Mr. Simonds, He never hunts or fishes, except with a silver hook, but can always be found at his store, and has not lost a day from sickness since he came to MUwaukee, twenty-five years ago, or been out of it but twice in all that time. The first was to Philadel phia, in 1876, and the second on an excursion to St. Paul, in 1878. He is no Christopher Columbus or Fernando De Soto, metaphorically speaking, and has no desire to be the discoverer of new countries. He is in robust health, has a heart as large as a house — that is, a common sized house — is social and genial to friends and acquaint ances, but very reticent with strangers. The house of Simonds & Brooke was founded in 1844 by Wells Sz Dixon, (WiUiam S, Wells and A, N, Dixon,) as a saloon and restau rant, at what is now No. 382 East Water street. This business, how ever, was soon abandoned, the firm going into merchandizing, their stock consisting of clothing, dry goods and notions. Here they re mained untU 1845-6, when they removed to what is now 360 East Water street, where they remained until the great fire in August, 1854, after which they removed to what is now 381 East Water, the Geo. Bowman store, where they remained untU the spring of 1859, when more capital being required, Daniel WeUs, Jr,, was admitted. The business was continued under the same firm name untU 1861, the firm having returned in the meantime to 382 East Water, when Chaun cey Simonds and WUliam Brooke were admitted, (Mr. Dixon retiring,) OF MILWAUKEE. 131 and the business continued untU 1864 under the firm name of Wells, Simonds & Co,, when Wm, S,Wells retired, and the firm was changed to Simonds, Brooke & Wells, under which title it was continued untU 1871, when D, Wells, Jr,, also retired, leaving Simonds & Brooke as the sole proprietors of this pioneer clothing house, and who have continued the business until the present time.* Such is substantially the record of this establishment. Their repu tation for fair deahng and urbane manners is weU known, and their success is the result of this, and a close attention to business. They have fought their way up from the foot of the ladder untU the top most round is just within their grasp; they have have but to reach forth to it, and it is theirs. This year brought us John Layton with his son Frederick, then a mere lad, from England. Mr. Layton at once commenced the butchering business in a small way, which he increased as the country became settled, until his house has become one of the fixtures of MUwaukee. lie was greatly aided in building up and conducting this establishment by Mr, Geo, Dickens, whose clear business head is managing the same institution for Frederick Layton to-day. This house does a large and safe business, Mr. Dickens as well as Mr. Layton being very conservative in their views. John Layton was a fine-looking representative of the English agricultural classes. He was very methodical, plain and undemon strative in manner, but had exceUent judgment. He had a soft, musical voice, but was not much of a talker, I remember him well; he died Feb, 27, 1875, leaving the business to his son, vfho, assisted by Mr. Dickens, still carries it on. Mr. Frederick Layton is very wealthy, and like his father is of quiet and unasssuming manners, but is very sharp and very keen. A good man and, a good citizen. Hotels. The Milwaukee House was kept the first half of this year by Hur ley & Ream,t (Chas, S. Hurley and Robert L, Ream,) The Fountain ¦"The first store. No, 382, where Wells & Dixon commenced business, was burned in the fire that consumed the whole of the block from No. 398 to No. 380 on East Water street, March 20th, 1859, and was rebuilt by D. ¦Wells, Jr., the same year. tMr. Ream retired in July, and Mr. Hurley went it alone for the balance of the year. 132 PIONEER HISTORY House was kept by Benj. Moores, (temperance,) but it was not a success. Thomas Noyes, formerly at the Point, kept the Western Hotel,* and R. P. Harriman was in the Cottage Inn. Geo. E. Graves opened the Great Western, southwest corner of Third and Chestnut, this year in May. This was Mr. KUbourn's old residence, buUt in 1836. It had been previously occupied by Lot Blanchard as a private boarding house, and some of our oldest resi dents were boarders there. S. R. Bradley opened the Juneau House this year, (see advertise ment,) of which a cut is annexed. Juneau House. The subscriber would inform the public that he has taken the establishment formerly occupied by Solomon Juneau, Esq., on Water street. East Ward, Mil waukee, and has fitted it up for a Public House, The house is large and com modious, and with good attention to his guests and a sincere desire to give satisfaction to all who may favor him with a call, he hopes to merit so much of the patronage of the public as will properly reward him for his enterprise. Stables, etc., suitably arranged for the convenience of such customers as have horses, S, R. Bradley. Milwaukee, January 12th, 1842. The Juneau House. This cut is a facsimile ofthe frame building, mention of which was was made in Volume I,, page 57, as having been erected by Solomon ¦"This house stood about midway between Chestnut and Poplar streets, on the west side of Third, It was in Wm. L. Cully's old place. OF MILWAUKEE. 133 Juneau upon the southeast corner of East Water and Michigan streets, in 1835, with the bears chained in the front yard. In the foreground can be seen the author and old Saukie, a Menomonee chief, leaning upon the fence, watching the gambols of those bears, as they roUed upon the ground or mounted to the top of the posts, which they would do, upon an average, about every five minutes — a sight that no MUwaukean will ever witness again ; a sight, however, that in memory I often see re-enacted, and the old house filled with Indians, trading or gossiping, as of old. There was also an incident which occurred there in the spring of 1837, the morning after Scott and Bennett, the murderers of the Indian Manitou, (mention of which was made in Volume I,, page 80,) had escaped from the old jaU, (not previously mentioned,) that not only iUustrated the nature of the Indian, but showed the courage of Juneau as well, who, to pacify the Indians at the time of the murder, as well as to convince them that justice should be done to Scott and Bennett, had given security for them, by pledging his own life for theirs, in case they escaped. Consequently, no sooner did the Indians learn of the escape of Scott and Bennett, than a deputation of them, headed by old Saukie himself, went to Juneau's house to kill him. Just what happened in the house I do not know, but it was not long before the whole party came out on the jump, each one appar- entiy anxious to be the first ; and as the last one, old Saukie, was passing out, he got a kick from Mr. Juneau that lifted him, and as he stiuck the ground, he let out a " waugh!" after which he "lit out,'' and was soon out of sight. There were quite a number who wit nessed this little episode, as nearly every one in the place was on the street, the author among the rest, talking about the escape of the murderers and watching the preparations being made by a party headed by Benoni Finch and Owen Aldrich, to go in pursuit, which was being done, in front of what is now 387 East Water street. And for a short time things looked a Uttle squally. The Indians were greatiy excited, and a number of them joined in the pursuit, B. F. Wheelock, who was passing Mr. Juneau's house just as the Indians were ejected', says he never saw a more determined look upon any man's face than was upon Juneau's as he executed that 184 PIONEER HISTORY coup-d'etat upon old Saukie, whUe through his clenched teeth came a sacre that fairly hissed. They never tried that game again, though probably Mr. Juneau watched them carefully for a season until the excitement incident to the affair blew over. The cut upon the following page represents the present building, and is practically the fourth one that has been erected upon that corner by Mr. MitcheU. The first, which had a frontage of 20 feet upon East Water — and incl-ading the ground floor, a height of three stories — stood directly upon the corner and was burnt August 17, 1854, after which it was rebuilt with but one story, above the bank floor. Subsequently, however, Mr. MitcheU purchased the adjoining twenty feet on the south, and reconstructed the building, making it four stories in height, with a frontage of forty feet on East Water street, and extending to the alley, in which form it remained untU pulled down in 1877, This magnificent structure, the pride of MUwaukee, as well as the whole northwest, was erected at a cost of nearly four hundred thousand doUars, and in architectural beauty and grace it stands as a monument of wliat the genius of man can accomplish, when unlim ited means are at his command. -It has a frontage of 120 feet on Michigan street and 80 on East Water street, Mr. MitcheU having purchased the adjoining 40 feet on the south. West & Co.'s old stand, in 1876, and with the ground floor, a height of six stories. The architect who planned this famous bank was E, Townsend Mix, to whose genius in that noble art Milwaukee is indebted for many of her most beautiful dwellings, as weU as public buildings. And this one may justly be called Mr. Mix's crowning work. The mason work was all done under the superintendence of one of MUwaukee's best and weU-known mechanics, Mr. John Roberts, and the wood work by Mr. Chas. Dingwall, who has shown himself to be equally skillful in his department. The buUding (according to the sketch written by Wm, G, Cutler) contains 220 doors and 246 windows, which with their casings and the base or skirting make 10,800 superficial feet, aU of white ash, which, instead of being painted, is finished in oil, which gives it a bright and glossy appearance. This part was done by the old established house of Harper & Sons, painters and decorators, who certainly have no superiors in their OF MILWAUKEE. 135 #ii=|iinipr,c ||| ill! Ill Hi 11, 136 PIONEER HISTORY line in the west. In addition to this there are 2800 feet of wainscot ing which was also finished by the same firm. This immense structure rests upon sixteen hundred piles, 60 feet in length, making a foundation that, like the everlasting hills, is fixed and immovable. The interior decorations, commonly called frescoing, are by the master hand of P. M. Almini, the beauty of which must be seen to be fuUy appreciated. Suffice it to say, that Mr. Almini has shown himself to be the right man in the right place, and that his work is in the highest style of the art and would do no discredit to the finest villa in the old world. Such is a brief sketch of this famous bank, and that its noble owner may live to enjoy it these many years to come is certainly the wish of aU who know him. Trustees Elected. The Trustees elected for this year were, for the East Ward, Geo. E. Graves, E, B, Wolcott, Geo, O. Tiffany, Jonathan E. Arnold, and Benj. H, Edgerton, West Ward, Jas. H. Rogers, Byron Kilbourn, Phineas W, Leland, I. A. Lapham, and D. H, Richards. Clerk, L. P, Crary. Treasurer, A. W. Hatch. Fire Wardens, D. Wells, Jr., Alex. Mitchell and Maurice Pixley. They were the first ever elected. Appointments by the Governor. The foUowing appointments were made by the Governor for this year : Joseph Ward, Sheriff"; D. WeUs, Jr,,* Deputy Sheriff; Sylvester W. Dunbar, Judge of Probate ; Joshua Hathaway, Public Adminis trator ; John A, Messenger, Justice of Peace ; Louis Francher, Cyrus Hawley, Chas, Delafield, Henry Miller, L. Blossom, I, A, Lapham, D, WeUs, Jr., Notaries. An ordinance was also passed this year, April 30, for the appoint ment of three Street Commissioners for the East Ward, and-two for the West Ward, whose duty it shaU be to coUect and expend the poll tax of $2 per capita, or in lieu thereof to compel each voter to work two days upon the streets. This ordinance was signed by Jas. H. Rogers, President, L. P. Crary, Clerk. "Appointed by Mr. Ward. OF MILWAUKEE. I|i7 Canal Appointments. Receiver, Joshua Hathaway. Register, Allen W. Hatch. Acting Commissioner, Alvin Foster, of Jefferson. The Town Elections. Under the town system which went into operation this year the following officers were to be elected : One Chairman of the Board of Supervisors, and two assistants, three Commis sioners of Highways, one Town Clerk, three Assessors, one Treasurer, three Commissioners of Common Schools, one Collector, two Constables, one Sealer of Weights and Measures, and a number of Fence Viewers. The precise number to be elected to the latter office in each township we do not recoUect, The following is the call for a meeting to be held at the Cottage Inn, with the editor's comments thereon : Town Meeting, The electors of the town of Milwaukee opposed to the present Executive of this Territory, and the "Forty Thieves," are requested to meet at the Assembly Room of the Cottage Inn, on Saturday, the secoud day of April next, at half past 5 o'clock P. M,, for the purpose of nominating Town officers, at which we hope to see such a ticket made out at the Cottage Inn on Saturday evening next, as every genuine Democrat and Anti-Doty Whig can cheerfully support. The "Forty" have boasted for some time that they will carry the county for Doty next fall, and elect one of their High Priests to the Council, It can do no harm to let the Forty know their strength here in Town, where all their ' efforts are directed to make converts and capital. One word to candidates. There are a number of individuals in the interest of the "Forty" that have a great deal of sympathy and patriotism about these days. They are urging every Anti-Forty man in town, whether he be Whig or Democrat, that they can have any influence with, to become a candidate for some office. They hope, in this way, to create dissensions and heart-burnings, that will end in division and defeat. Let their hopes in this respect be disappointed. Let every man that desires an office present his claims to the meeting, and abide its decision, and cheerfully support the .ticket that is made out by it, whether he be nominated or not. This is the only fair and proper way of acting in such cases. When any new officeholder under Doty is officious in offering advice as to who shall and who shall not be nominated, depend upon it he is working to serve the interests of the Forty. Milwaukee, March 22, 1842. 18 138 PIONEER history The following is the result of the: election, with the editor's com ments thereon : Town Election.— The following is a list of the officers elected yesterday for the ensuing year, under the township system of government: Supervisors— Daniel Wells, Jr., Ch'n., Egbert Mosely, and John Corbin, Assistants. Tozvn Clerk — Andrew J. 'Vieau. Assessors — Clark Shepherdson, Garret 'Vliet, and David MerriU. Commissioners of Highways — Geo. A, Tiffany, Paul Burdick, John Childs, Collector — Otis Hubbard. Treasurer — Timothy Wainwright. School Commissioners— AXbeit Jones, Increase A. Lapham, and Sylvester W. Dunbar, Constables— Ihoraas C. Horner, RandaU H, Bryant, and Daniel N. Neiman. Sealer of Weights and Measures — WiUiam Brown. Fence Viewers — Thomas Fitzgerald, Richard Hackett, C, W. Schwartz. Overseers of Highways — Samuel Brown, Ackley Carter, Barton Salisbury, and Sylvester Pettibone. The election turned altogether upon local matters. Territorial and National politics being entirely left out of the question. About two weeks since, a notice was published in this paper at the solicitation of several gentlemen, calling an anti-Doty meeting at the Cottage Inn, on Saturday evening last, for the purpose of making out a ticket to be supported at the election. Finding that the Forty Thieves were not disposed to pick up the glove that had been thrown down to them, and that some of them were crying persecution in consequence of being called on to show their strength, a number of those who were instrumental in issuing the first call, on Saturday had a handbill brought out, with some 40 signatures attached to it, inviting "the independent electors of the town, without distinction of national politics," to assemble and form a ticket. Accordingly about 150 persons met in the evening and made out a ticket. After this was done, it was proposed to give the ticket a name, and the Chairman, H. N. Wells, Esq., styled it the "Union Anti-Doty Ticket.'' Inasmuch as several Doty men had attended the meeting under the last call,^ a motion was made and carried, to have "Anti-Doty" stricken out, and the ticket called simply the Union Ticket. At this, several Anti-Doty men were much dissatisfied, and resolved to have nothing to do with the matter. Several persons who were candidates for nomi nations and had been disappointed, also expressed considerable dissatisfaction. Accordingly on Sunday evening or Monday morning, a few mechanics, thinking they would have some fun and a little opposition, made out a ticket, styled it the Working Men's Ticket, and with a few exceptions it was elected by an average majority of about 16. In many respects we are not displeased with the result. The mechanics and laboring men of Milwaukee are a highly intelligent, respectable and worthy OF MILWAUKEE. 139 class, and in public proceedings their rights and interests have been too 'generally neglected. With few exceptions they are democratic to the very core, and after this manifestation of their strength and independence, we doubt not they wiU, without opposition, on all future occasions, have that weight that their intelligence and strength entitles them to. We wish it to be distinctly understood, that this remark is made without any intention of casting imputations upon those who were instrumental in getting up the "Union Ticket," or upon the ticket itself. On the contrary, with but few exceptions, we approved of that ticket. Nearly every man on it is a respectable and active laboring or business man, and we doubt not that had the issue of the strength of Doty and the Forty Thieves been made upon the success or defeat of that ticket, it would have been elected by at least lOO majority. But inasmuch as such an issue was not presented, the Anti-Forty Thief men generally felt at liberty to make whatever issue they pleased. We are confident that in this town and county Doty and his Forty thieves cannot at this time obtain the support of one-fourth of the electors, and -when their designs and machinations come to be more fully exposed, their strength will diminish rather than increase. The corruptions of the knot of profligate operators that Doty has in his service in this county will not bear the light of day, and only need proper exposure to be thoroughly detested by the mass of the people. The vote polled at the election yesterday was very small, the number being only 286, When the questions of the amount of tax to be raised the ensuing year, and what should be allowed as compensation for officers was taken, there were only about ten or a dozen persons present. Over one • hundred citizens did not vote at all. Such negligence is almost criminal. The organization of the township government in AprU of this year was a new casus belli. This was the first time that a full set of officers were elected, salaries fixed, &c,, consequently, the spring election was a very exciting one. The attempt of J. A. Noonan to carry his ends by the organization of a third party (caUed the Working Men's party) was a faUure, and led to a bitter newspaper warfare. Several articles were written pro and con, one of which, copied from the Senii?tel of the i6th, in answer to one in the Courier, ran as foUows : Mr. Noonan pronounces our article in the Sentinel, on the election, a string of untruths, but faUs to point out a single particular wherein it was so. He knows it was true. He knows that he labored assiduously, for more than three weeks, to organize an anti-Doty party in this town and county, and to make that the issue before the people. And he also knows that he was defeated, — and signally defeated, — and that too without any chicanery or management, but by the sponta neous action of the mass of the people. He undertook to get up a meeting 140 PIONEER history opposed to Doty, but he could not. He called, but the people would not come. He then undertook to convert another meeting into an anti-Doty meeting, but could not. He finally claimed the ticket, and printed his ballots accordingly, and thus defeated a ticket that would otherwise have been elected. We do not say that the persons composing the ticket are anti-Doty. Far from it. They would not like a nomination from an anti-Doty meeting, nor do we pretend to say that the men composing the successful ticket (the Working Men's ticket) were Doty men. What we do say, however, is that the people would not acknowledge any such issue. It would appear from this that Noonan was in the main successful. Well, he was a hard man to beat, in those days. To this Noonan replied as foUows : For years the Sentinel has been the means of foisting into notice a certain set of fraudulent operators and political desperadoes. It has changed its politics and character (principles it never had) as frequently as it was for the interest of the gentry who controlled it to have it change. And it has changed so often that like its director (meaning Doty) it has lost the confidence and respect of the commu nity. This being its situation and the situation of its advisors, they think that all the world is as corrupt as themselves, and that the only way to accomphsh anything in political matters is to resort to low chicanery and mismanagement. They think that if they have not been successful in obtaining their ends, it is only because some persons are greater scoundrels than themselves. This brought the following reply from the Sentinel: To the first charge we plead guilty, and if it is a sin to expose the operations of those who are engaged in public and private swindling, we have much to answer for. Yes, we have foisted into notice a set of fraudulent operators and poUtical desperadoes, prominent among whom is the editor of the Courier himself. We did foist him into notice for swindling the Territory out of several thousand dollars for printing. We did foist him into notice for a political desperado, when he, viper like, undertook to bite the hand that had warmed him into existence by selling himself to oppose Doty. Yes, we have done all this, and if it is wrong, may GoD foVgive us. To this Noonan made no reply. Harbor Meeting. There was a harbor meeting at the Milwaukee House on the 9th of April, D, A, J. Uiiham in the chair, Henry Miller, secretary, at which resolutions were passed to make a harbor by private subscription, Messrs. I, A, Lapham, L. H. Cotton and B. H. Edgerton were appointed a committee to raise money for that purpose. As this was the second meeting held for the purpose of raising OF MILWAUKEE. 141 means to build a harbor at the present straight cut, I have thought best to insert here aU there is to be said upon the harbor question. The survey was first made as previously stated by Lieuts. Rose and Center in 1836, and a recommendation made to the war department that a harbor be made 3000 feet north of the then mouth of the river, i. e., where the present one is. In 1843 an appropriation of $15,000 was made for that purpose, the location fixed, and the work commenced, and in 1845 $25,000 more, both of which, however, were expended at the old mouth, under the superintendence of Lieut. Jesse Leavenworth.* In 1854, the present harbor was commenced by the city and built. The first contractor was Abel Hawley ,who finally, being unable to complete it on account of taking it too low, transferred it to Messrs. Hasbrook & Conro, who completed the work. But the cost had so largely exceeded the first contract that a law suit was the result, in which the city as usual was finally mulcted in the sum of $445,597.30,t This expenditure the city has sought to get refunded by the general goyernment, but so far have not succeeded, and never will.\ Railroad Meeting, A large and enthusiastic railroad meeting was held at the Milwau kee House, on the 2 2d of January, for the purpose of taking measures to secure the construction of a railroad to the Mississippi, the canal having been abandoned ; Wm. A. Prentiss in the chair, James H. Rogers and Maurice Pixley Vice Presidents, J. Hathaway and H. Ludington, Secretaries, A committee on resolutions was ap- *The location was made and work commenced in May, fThis work, which cost the city in the end nearly half a million, could have been settled at one time for less than one hundred thousand, (I believe for sixty-five thousand,) but such was the political as well as financial stupidity of those in power, that it resulted as stated. Each city attorney, from Joshua Ladue down, made a merit of fighting it, -well knowing (if he knew enough about law to run a sausage machine,) that in the end it would all have to be paid. It was the stock in trade of every candidate for that office until the final decision of the suit, since which time the recovery of it from the general government has been the hobby horse upon which every candidate for Congressional honors has rode into office. If the city ever gets a cent of that money refunded, they will be lucky. Govern ment might perhaps refund what the work actually cost, but the expense of liti gating it and interest, never, JThe first steamer to enter the new harbor at the old mouth was the Michigan, on the eighth of November, 1843. The first sail vessels were the Michael Dawson and the E. G, Merrick, 142 PIONEER HISTORY pointed consisting of F. RaijdaU, H. N. Wells, Parcelet Potter, G. D. Dousman, and Wm. Brown Jr. who reported favorably. This was a large and earnest meeting, and was no doubt the first real step taken towards the construction of the old Milwaukee and Mississippi raUroad. Doty's Military Appointments. "Is this a town, or not ?" asked a quiet-looking stranger of a gen tleman on the steps of the MUwaukee House a few days since. "Yes, sir," was the reply, "this is a town." "WeU," said the stranger, "I thought Milwaukee was .a town before I arrived, but since I have been here, I have heard the titie of General and Colonel so freely bandied about, that I didn't know but it was a camp or a frontier post," The reply was, "O, that is occasioned by our Governor's soaping some of his refractory partisans with military commissions lately. You need not give yourself any uneasiness, sir. These officials are aU peaceably incUned — there'll be no war."* As an illustration of the spirit of rivalry that existed between MUwaukee an^ Racine in 1842 and how near Milwaukee came to- losing her prestige as the commercial emporium of Wisconsin for want of enterprise in the matter of roads, I will insert the foUowing letter, written to the Commercial Herald, and published in that paper April 26, 1842, entitled: People of Milwaukee, You feel justly proud of your town; its superior natural advantages compare with any other point on the lake; its central position and its rapid improvements have been the theme of eulogy all over the country. Are you contented to sleep upon the high reputation thus obtained and suffer Racine and Southport (now Kenosha) to draw away the whole trade and business of the interior ? If so, sleep on; if not, awake, and do something to prevent it, while it is yet in your power to maintain your former standing. You all know that the prosperity, if not the very existence, of a town depends upon its trade and commerce, and of the country round it. This trade and commerce is now directed to Racine and Southport, Do you doubt it ? Ask Judge Miller, Mr, Gilbert and others who have recently been there and witnessed it. And if you will not believe them, go and see for yourselves, and you will be satisfied that it is so. At both of these ¦*The appointees referred to were A. Finch, Jr., and Eliphalet Cramer. It is proper to state that they both refused to qualify. OF MILWAUKEE. 143 places they pay more for wheat and farmer's produce than we do, and are getting double the quantity to what is brought here. And all for the want^of roads. This shows how near we came to losing our prestige for the want of good roads into the country. NooNAN After Them. We clip the following article on the float bridge at Wisconsin street from the Courier of March 2, 1842 : The condition of the bridge at Wisconsin street is a disgrace to the town. We understand that several of the citizens of the west side have threatened to draw the county bridge at Chestnut street, and thus cut off all communication with the East Ward. We should not regret to see it done, if it could be done, and not have the bridge entirely destroyed. It would be a pity to lose a bridge that has cost the county so much money. And yet, it is not as necessary, /, e., the one at Chestnut street, as is the float bridge. As an. evidence of this, we need but point to the number of teams and persons that have crossed the float bridge during the past summer. In a few weeks the road across the Menomonee marsh to Walker's Point will be finished. Then, if the bridge is not repaired, (and the river not frozen over), the citizens of the East Ward will . see the necessity of establishing some kind of communication with the West Ward, from the foot of Wisconsin street or from some point in that vicinity. P. S. — Since the foregoing was in type the corporation has met, and refused to remove the bridge to the foot of Oneida street, as suggested by several, because they had not the power. And we also understand that no appropriation was made to repair it. Nevertheless, we believe that Mr, Jas, H, Rogers, Mr, Eldred, Messrs. Holton and Goodall and a number more of enterprising and liberal citi zens have taken the matter in hand, and are making preparations to put the bridge as well as the street in a good state of repair. This was about the condition of things in 1842 as far as the float or county bridges were concerned. They were both a casus belli from the day they were built between the East and West Wards until the feeling culminated in the bridge war of 1845. The float itself was a miserable affair, and the approach to it on the west side was almost impassible nearly all the time. It was a quagmire when the bridge was put there, and was kept in a semi- passable condition for several years, mostly by private subscriptions, and Noonan was right in going for the corporation as he did. Repeal, The Trustees got on their high horse this year in AprU, and repealed at one session sixty ordinances that had been passed between Feb. 6, 1837, and Feb. 27, 1842, after which they adjourned. 144 pioneer history Drowned. Two men named David Kreiger and John McDonald were drowned at the mouth of the river on the 8th of April by the upset ting of a boat while coming from a steamer. Leveret Kellogg, who was also of the party, was rescued after being in the water several hours, I remember that day very weU, The mouth of the river was a dangerous place when the wind was from the east, and many an accident has happened there. Mr. Kellogg was the father of Marcus Kellogg, a sterling good citizen. He died in 1854. Ordinances. Several ordinances were passed about this time relating to the duties of fire wardens, against hogs and cattle running at large, shooting in the city limits, against gambling, for grading streets, and about the bridge at Spring street and the cemeteries. CoL. A. B. Morton. The following, copied from the Courier of May 4, shows the esti mation in which this pioneer land office register was held in Milwaukee : We were surprised to learn a few days since that this very worthy personage was at Washington fishing for an office from somewhere in Iowa, We have very little to do with President Tyler, but we can assure his excellency that if he wants to make a bad appointment, that he had better give the Colonel a place, and if he treats the government as he did his friends here, neither they nor any one else will ever see a cent that goes into his hands. The Colonel was a bad egg and no mistake. He was a fraud of the first water. The boats from Buffalo this year were the Chesapeake, Capt. Howe ; James Madison, Capt. McFadyen ; Wisconsin, Capt. Ran dall; Great Western, Capt. Walker; Missouri, Capt. Wilkins; lUinois, Capt. Allen ; Dewitt Clinton, Capt. Squires. The C. C. Trowbridge Goes Ashore. The littie steamer C, C. Trowbridge was run ashore June 5, 1842, while trying to enter the river with a load of passengers from off the steamer Illinois. It was at this time that J. R. Treat got Dan Shelby to carry him ashore. And as the incident is of a reminiscial charac ter, I wUl relate it. OF MILWAUKEE. 145 Treat's Ride. — How One of the First Settlers Got Ashore. There are no doubt many yet living who can remember the old blacksmith, Joseph R. Treat, so noted for his large heartedness and generosity, whose shop occupied the present site of Marshall & Ilsley's bank in the olden time, who in bodily size was the compeer of Col. Walker, and who for fun and mischief had few if any equals in this or any other city. Mr, Treat had a great passion, in common with many others, for visiting the steamboats whenever they came into the bay (for they did not come inside them), principally, no doubt, for the good liquors and other things to be found on board, and always freely disbursed to those who like him could boast of an acquaintance with the clerk or steward. Now it happened that Treat was one of a large party that took a ticket upon the Trow bridge, Capt, Joe Sherwood in command, with Duncan C, Reed as engineer, WilUam Howard, fireman, with Ed. Austin and Leveret P. Rice as roustabouts, on that eventful 5th of June to visit the lUinois, then anchored in the bay, for the purpose of having a good old time. And they had it, insomuch that when returning after dark, Capt. Joe, who had no doubt taken several lunars and double alti tudes himself, got badly mixed up in his reckoning, and failed to make sufficient allowance for the variation of the compass, in conse quence of which the Trowbridge, instead of entering the river, ran her nose into the sand a few rods north of the old harbor, where, on account of the heavy sea running, she was immediately scuttled, to prevent her goipg to pieces. Here was a nice fix for a man weighing 300 pounds, and although the beach was not more than sixty feet distant, nor the sea that was roUing between more than three feet in depth, yet the thought of testing its chiUing waters filled Treat's heart with dismay. (He never did Hke cold drinks.) Al length, fearing to make the attempt to reach the shore alone, he called upon Capt, Dan Shelby, of Grand Haven, who was of the party, and had gallantly aided in getting the women and children ashore, to carry him also. This Shelby at first refused to do, bu^ Treat plead so hard that he finally, thinking he saw fun ahead, consented. He therefore directed Treat to get upon his back, and clasp him tightly around the neck, which he did. Dan then reached down and got his arms under Treat's legs, and be had him. TeUing hjm to hang on tight, 19 146 pioneer history Dan started for the beach, went about six feet and stopped. " What's the matter ? " said Treat. " O, I am so tired," said Dan, " let us sit down and rest." And suiting the action to the word, he did sit down then and there. Treat gave a yeU as the icy water which covered all but his head closed around him, and in his fright let go his hold on Dan's neck, and as Dan stiU held him by the legs, of course he went all under. He was not long, however, in recovering his hold on Dan, which he kept untU that worthy was sufficientiy rested to proceed, and finaUy both reached the shore in safety. Treat then made a littie speech that would not look very weU in print. In fact, I think it was too strong for print. It was composed principally of adjectives, and was a masterpiece of its kind. Treat never forgave Dan for that ducking. New Species of Hunting. As the harbor boat the C. C. Trowbridge, Capt. L. H. Lane, was going out on the i8th of July, a deer was discovered in the lake, heading for the south point, having been driven in by the wolves. The Trowbridge at once gave chase, and succeeded after an exciting race, in capturing him alive, I remember this occurrence very weU. County Conventions. The Whig county convention was held at PrairievUle, August 25th, Cephas Lockwood, President, and Charles C. Savage, Secretary. The Democratic county convention for this year, for Milwaukee and Washington counties, was held as usual at the old stamping ground at Prairieville, September i6th, where the usual amount of gas was blown off by the political windmUls who were here in those days in which they sought to convince the dear people that in their counsels alone, was there any safety for the perpetuation of our government. Two tickets were put in the field, and the result of the election was: Hans Crocker, Lemuel White, and David Newland to the Council ; Andrew E. Elmore, Benjamin Hunkins, Thomas H. Olin, Jonathan Parsons, Jared Thompson, and Geo. H. Walker, to the House ; Register of Deeds, Chas. C. Savage ; Treasurer, Clark Shep ardson ; Surveyor, Geo, S. West ; Coroner, Leveret KeUogg. This election was probably the most hotiy contested one that had OF MILWAUKEE. 147 been held up to that time ; party feeling ran high and many things were said and done that were very foolish. All the leaders in the county were busy for a month before the election " setting up the pins," and giving instructions to the dear people whose interest they had so much at heart. It was Kilbourn and anti-Kilbourn, Doty and anti-Doty, the Forty Thieves, and the de'U knows what, that the leaders were using as ammunition ; but as usual the Democracy won the day.* Save Your Hides. The first tannery in Milwaukee was started this year by Mr. Daniel Phelps, the father of Hon. A. Warren Phelps. It stood on' the north side of Clybourn street, at the foot of the big ravine, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets, the ravine serving as a pond,t the dam being buUt at Clybourn street, the natural water course that passed through the ravine in early times being of sufficient magnitude to furnish all the water power necessary. Every vestige of this pioneer tannery disappeared long ago. It was a two-story frame building, and was, I believe, the first tannery in MUwaukee. Walker's Title Confirmed. There was great rejoicing on the 26th of August, 1845, upon the receipt of the news that Geo. H. Walker's titie to fractions one, two, and three upon which the floats had failed to hold good, had been confirmed by the United States Senate.f Great complaints, probably not without reason, were made about the filthy condition of the streets in the East Ward, and also of the unsafe condition of the float bridge at the foot of Wisconsin street. The winter, however, soon cured both. The Census. The following returns from the late census have been furnished by D. Wells, Jr., Deputy Sheriff of this county : *The Whigs laid their defeat at this election to the course taken by Harrison Reed, whose affection for Doty, they claimed, led to his lukewarmness in support of the straight Whig ticket, which was probably true, for he was unreUable politi cally at times. -j-This pond was a great place for the boys to congregate and swim in those days. |This claim was not finally settled, however, until 1845, between Walker and the settlers. 148 PIONEER HISTORY Milwaukee: ...2785* Vernon 295 Wauwatosa 512 Muskego 311 Prairieville 682 NewBerlin 433 Lake 356 Menomonee 78 Oak Creek 389 Lisbon 269 Brookfield 293 Pewaukee 381 Mequonigo 272 GranvUle 3S6 Sumner 302 Genesee 251 Warren 261 Eagle 240 Franklin 448 Washington County - 94^ Greenfield 667 Total 10529 In 1840 it was 5,948, an increase in 1842 014,581. Improvements. Among the improvements made this year, was the docking of the river by M. and J. Pixley, J. Hathaway, and L. W. Weeks, from the Ludington store north one hundred feet, also the fiUing up by G. D. Dousman, of two lots on the northeast corner of East Water and Erie streets, opposite his warehouse, as well as some twenty buildings in the West Ward (mostly by the Germans,) there certainly were not more. The old Hiram Mabbet house, now Nos. 420 and 422 Jeffer son street, and one by L, J, Farwell, at what is now 380 Broadway, were built this year; I worked on both, Samuel Brown built a saw miU on the canal. There were also two dweUing houses erected on Mich igan street, one by Mr. Porter and one by Richard Hacket, on the corner of Milwaukee and Michigan ; and one by the late John B. Smith, in what is now the first ward, near the corner of Jackson and Ogden streets, that was set on fire, for which the DUis, father and .son, and Luther Herriman were arrested and tried, and the DUls convicted. There were sorae six or seven dweUings erected also on the south side, two by Ackley Carter, one on the point at the head of Clinton street, and one just west of the Niagara House, also one by John C. Smith, and one by WilUam Howard on the southwest corner of Hanover and Virginia streets ; also the rear part of ex-Mayor Hor ace Chase's present residence were built this year. The statement made by the Sentinel that one hundred and twenty- five buUdings were erected that year is not true ; there were not over sixty all told, if there were that. *250o in the village, and 285 in the town. of milwaukee. 149 Shipments. The shipments this year up to July, were 350 tons of lead; 85 of shot; 15 of copper; 18 of ashes; 14500 bushels of wheat ; 2715 barrels of flour ; 413 of pork; 57 bales of furs. And during the year the shipments amounted to 2,500,000 pounds of lead; 20,000 bushels of wheat ; 20 tons copper ; 2,000 barrels of whitefish. The imports were 3,000 tons of merchandise, and 4,000,000 feet ,of lumber. This was a very good showing for MUwaukee, when we consider that all this lead and copper was drawn from the lead region by ox teams. Steamboat Arrivals. There were 250 steamboat arrivals, 1,200 schooners, 50 brigs, 4 ships, and two sloops; no smaU number for a town of 1,500 inhabi tants. The editor winds up the year of 1842 with the following : Goods of all kinds are plenty, and cheap, but salt has "riz,'' Upon which hangs the foUowing tale : Doctor L, W, Weeks, who was somewhat of a speculator in those days, conceived the idea that there was money in salt, and at once proceeded to gobble aU there was in the little burg, paying a pretty round sum for it, hoisted it into the loft of the Checkered Warehouse on the -Point, and put up the price to $10,00 per barrel; but unfortunately for him, that old pio neer Alanson Sweet, got wind of it, and sent Capt. Joe Sherwood to Chicago, with the old schooner Cincinnati, where he purchased a cargo of salt and returned to Milwaukee, Shortly after his return a farmer came in and applied to the Doctor for a barrel, but when told the price, refused to take it, and commenced to hunt for some at a less price; he was not long in finding some, for Sweet had men on the watch for every farmer that came in, and purchased a barrel, after which he went for the Doctor, for attempting to swindle him in such a barefaced manner, teUing him he had found a barrel for twenty shillings, whereupon the Doctor wanted to know where he got it, intimating at the same time that he must have stolen it, as there was no salt in the place except his. " Oh, there aint, is there ? " replied the farmer, " Mr. Sweet has got a vessel load of it at his dock," At this announcement the Doctor sprang from his chair, and exclaimed " The heU he has — if that's so, I'm ruined." The Doctor, although 150 PIONEER HISTORY OF MILWAUKEE. not exactly ruined, was, I am sorry to say, badly salted, as salt didn't "riz." It was worth going ten miles any time, to hear Deacon Wm. J. Whaling tell this story. , ]\iECHANics' Protection Society Organized. The mechanics of Milwaukee were as quick to see the benefits of an organization for mutual protection in the olden time as they are to-day, and as prompt to act, a meeting for that purpose having been held December 30th, 1842, Samuel Wright Chairman, and Geo. Hyer Secretary, at which a Committee on Organization was appointed, consisting of Horace Hadley, shoemaker, Stephen Newhall, engi neer, and T. Wainwright, cabinet maker. Pier at Kenosha. The first pier buUt on the west shore of Lake Michigan was at Southport, (now Kenosha,) and the first steamer to land there was the James Madison, AprU 27th, 1842. It was considered a foolish experiment, even by the steamboat men. Immigration. The immigration from Norway, Denmark and Germany, this year, was very heavy, double that of any previous year, most of whom went directly into the country. Correction. J. W. Dunlop, whose sketch appears on page 102, has served in the Sheriff's office eight years, viz : as Deputy in 1859-60 ; Under-Sheriff in 1861-62; Deputy again in 1877-78; Under-Sheriff in 1879-80. Thus endeth the second lesson. CHAPTER V. 1843. Opening Prelude — The Illinois Arrives from Chicago — Kilbourn Cuts Through the Beach— The First Pier— Tufts & Kendall— Stockton & McClure Bring the Patronage — Wm.W. Brown, his Death — First Boat from Below — Arrival of Bradley & Metcalf, Sketch of— Sketch of Gideon P. Hewitt— R. D. & E. C. Jennings Came — Williams Lee Came — Holton & Goodall Start an Ashery — F. J, Blair Came, Sketch of — Sketch of E. R, Persons — Mercantile Changes — Foundry — James Douglass, Sketch of — Names — Alex. Matthews — J. S. Fillmore— Sketch of Caleb Wall— Hotels— Brick Yards— The Childs Bros. — Water Power — Election of Trustees — Fire — A Useless Fire Engine, and its Results — Fraud Discovered — Improvements — St. Patrick's Day in the Morning — Harbor Celebration — County Convention — Election — The Old Lighthouse — Eli Bates — W. W. Kellogg— Holton Elected Sheriff—Election Returns — Street Sprinkling — Statement of Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insur ance Co. — Statistics of Milwaukee — Huron Street — The Body of Johnson Found — Juneau Turned Out of the Post Office — Mass Meeting — County Con vention — Immigration — Attempt at a City Charter — Corporation Proceedings — Water Power — Population — Prospects — Lost — The Old Cottage Inn, Sketch of — Sketch of the New — Land Office — Fire — Hotels — Imports — Exports — Steamboats — Rum Holes — Close of the Year — The Piers. MUwaukee in 1843 had risen to the proud position of the largest commercial emporium, except Chicago, upon the west shore of Lake Michigan. Port Washington, or Sauk, as it was often caUed, Sheboygan, Man itowoc and Kewaunee, on the north, as well as Racine, (Root river,) and Kenosha, (Pike river,) on the south, aU of which were claimants, and some of them very annoying claimants at first, for the post of honor in the struggle for the supremacy, were fast dropping astern, and none of them have reached the plane marked out for, and pre dicted by their founders, that they would ultimately occupy. And notwithstanding that the previous winter had been an unusually hard one, the snow being fully two and a half feet deep on the level, yet the people had not lagged, or failed in having their usual amount of enjoy ment in horse racing, turkey shooting, and dancing parties at the MUwaukee House and Cottage Inn, which kept them healthy and vigorous. The MUwaukee Courier of March 29th, in commenting upon the 152 PIONEER HISTORY hard winter, and its effects upon the business of the country, writes as follows : The season, we are sorry to say, owing to the unprecedented hard winter, has raised the price of fodder to an alarming extent. Last year the Chesapeake came into the bay on the 26th, and the ice left the river on the 6th, (the sleighing lasted up to April 15th,) but at present the ice is from twelve to twenty inches in thickness.^* But notwithstanding all this, our business men are in good spirits, and full of hope for the future. A littie later, ApriJ 19th, he writes as follows: Navigation is now fairly open. The steamer Illinois, Capt. Blake, arrived here from Chicago on Thursday, the 13 th, (the lUinois wintered in Chicago in 1842.) The crew are getting the machinery out of the Milwaukee. This machinery was afterwards placed in the steamer Nile,t a new boat that Oliver Newbury had buUt the previous winter. When light ened of her machinery, an attempt was made to run the MUwaukee out at the old mouth of the river, where she grounded right in mid- channel, where she remained, a great detriment to navigation, untU June, when the great freshet, caused by the unusual quantity of rain that had faUen that spring, swept her out, after which she was towed to Detroit. It was at this time that a channel was made across the beach, where the present harbor is located, (the proposed lake terminus ofthe MU waukee and Rock River Canal,) one dark night, by a g'ang of men sent down by Mr. Kilbourn, out of which the water ran like a mill race for several days. And such was KUbourn's anxiety to get a boat in and out of that cut, that he is said to have offered the late Wm, S. Cross, who was in command of the Patronage at that time, two lots in Kilbourn town if he would bring her in there. The Captain made the attempt, but such was the force of the current, as well as the ra pidity with which the sea formed a bar af the point where it and the current of the river met, some one hundred and fifty feet out from the shore line, that he was unable to do it. And the first northeast gale that came, obliterated every trace of that night's work. *Lake Erie was completely frozen over in 1842, so that teams could pass from Dunkirk to Canada on the ice. Our river closed November 17th, and the ice left on the 17th of AprU. fThe Nile was burned a few years later, while lying at Sweet's old warehouse, foot of Washington street; I think in 1855 or '56. OF MILWAUKEE. 153 Tufts, Kendall & Co.* commenced the construction of a pier, (a fuU account of which wiU be found at the end of this Chapter,) and a warehouse at the foot of Huron street, this year in April. Messrs, Stockton and McClure fitted up a new boat, caUed the Patronage, that had been brought here the previous faU from Michigan, to run to their new warehouse situated on Lot 3, Block 72, fourth ward, at what is now 170 West Water street, which had been erected for them that spring, by Hon, Ed. D, Holton, and which now forms a part of the pork packing establishment of Peter McGeoch, and is known as No. 162 West Water street. Dousman & Co,, (Geo, D. Dousman, Wm. W, Brown,! or double headed Brown as he was usually caUed, and Wm, Brown of Albany, or Albany Brown as he was caUed to designate him from the former,) were also in partnership at the foot of East Water street, in the for warding and commission business, their river boat being the C, C. Trowbridge, Our first boat from below this year was the Bunker HiU, Capt, Floyd, May 8th, As the season advanced, emigrants came flocking in from Germany and Norway, as well as a goodly number from the Eastern States, who nearly aU, however, went directly into the country to locate. Prominent among the new firms who came this year were Bradley & Metcalf, (Chas. T, Bradley and Wm, H. Metcalf,) with a stock of boots and shoes, and as these gentlemen are yet in business I will give a short sketch of their business history, *The firm of Tufts, Kendall & Co, was composed originally of the following per sons: Amos Tufts, J. G, Kendall, Josiah E. McClure and T. B. W. Stockton. They had been doing a sort of brokerage business in 1842, in water lime, salt, etc., in the old Daniel Wells warehouse, at what is now Nos. 293 and 295 East Water street. This partnership was dissolved January 8th, 1843, Tufts & Ken dall going, as stated, into the pier business, and Messrs. Stockton & McClure be coming partners in the forwarding and commission business. tFew men have ever lived in Milwaukee who were more widely known, or less thought of, (when we take into consideration his ability, for he was a very smart man,) than WUliam W. Brown. Had he devoted his talents to a proper use, his memory would have been respected; but he did not, and finally died, deserted and alone, I shall never forget the look of utter despair that sat upon his face as I me^ him for the last time, in October, 1871, on Milwaukee street, wending his weary way to the European Hotel, which he never left again alive; it said plainly enough, "This is the end of a misspent life." That look haunts me at times, even now. He died a few days later, and I remember the difficulty his few remaining friends (and I could name them all,) had, to get help enough to bring his body from his room to the hearse. Every one was busy just then. It was sad, but it was true. 154 PIONEER HiSTORV They came from New York city, Mr. Metcalf reaching here in February by land in order to procure a store, and Mr. Bradley in May, by water, landing I beUeve from the Great Western, Capt. Wm. Walker, on the 5th of that month. Their first place of business was a little frame buUding standing at what is now 395 East Water street, which was fitted up expressly for them,* This store was 14 feet wide and two stories high; if was previously occupied by Frank Devlin as a saloon ; the old building was moved away and a new one erected by the late Joseph Cary, (who owned the ground,) consisting of a front and rear wall only, the adjoining buildings serving for side walls ; it cost about two hundred and fifty dollars, for which they paid Mr, C'ary a rental of three hundred. Here they remained untU the spring of 1844, when they removed to what is now No, 389 East Water street, the old J. and L, Ward stand, they having purchased the buUding of the Messrs. Ward the previous fall for $700,00, and the ground of A, O, T. Breed for $1,000, moved the old buUding back and erected a new one,t where they remained untU January 25th, 1850, when their store with others was burnt, by the fire that occurred in the old pioneer store, then occupied by Neuman & Nye, dry goods ; after which they removed to 77 East Water street, old number; now 275, where they had previously established a branch store, selling their former loca tion to James B. Martin for three thousand dollars ; here they remained until again driven out by fire and water combined, Novem ber 15th, 1851, after which they repurchased their original twenty feet with the improvements,! for fifteen thousand doUars, into which they at once removed, and subsequentiy purchased the remaining forty feet for thirty-five thousand dollars, upon which they erected an additional story, and where they have remained untU the present *I remember the day these goods were landed. Their store was not quite ready, and a part of them were dumped upon the sidewalk, until a floor could be laid overhead. And such was their hurry to get in that day, that Mr, Metcalf told me (1 being at work upon the store,) that if I would finish the floor that after noon — about two days' work — he would give me a pair of stogy boots extra, and such was my need at that time, that I did it, tThere is no doubt but that a little sharp practice came in here, as Mr, Ward told Breed not to sell them the ground, unless they gave him his price for the store, then worth probably not over three hundred dollars, f Mr. Martin having built that block, known as Nos, 389, 391 and 393 East Water street, in 1851. OF MILWAUKEE, 155 time, occupying the whole of the upper floors for their immense business. Few firms in any city in this changing country have ever remained together so long as have the two gentiemen who comprise this firm, a period of over thirty-seven years, or that have reached the financial plane occupied by them. There is no boot and shoe establishment in the West that can show a cleaner record than can they. Their credit is without a stain, they never having failed through all the financial troubles of these thirty-seven years, to meet their paper whien due, and are to-day among the wealthiest (if not the wealthiest) firms in the city or State, the result of good judgment, fair dealing, and a strict attention to their own business. They also know how to com- ¦ bine pleasure with business, Mr. Metcalf having traveled extensively in both Europe and Asia ; is quite an artist, and spends much of his time in scientific experiments; is very methodical in aU he does; is lavish of money for things that are beautiful, and his residence is a miniature art gaUery. Mr. Bradley, although the owner of one ofthe finest residences in the city, has never been a traveler, but finds his enjoyment in being the owner of the finest stock farm in the county, and in driving the best team, in which occupation he may be seen almost any day, at certain hours ; for he, too, is very methodical, and like Mr. Metcalf, never lets pleasure interfere with business. Such is the firm of Brad ley & Metcalf Gideon P. Hewitt came this year in June, with a stock of hard- ' ware which he opened in the old frame buUding known as the Fowler store, at what is now 421 East Water street; here he remained until 1846, when he removed to the brick store of Geo, F, Austin, now No. 372 East Water street, where he remained for a few years, when he removed lo what is now 315 East Water, where he remained but a short time; from thence he removed to 293, and lastly to 351 East Water, where he remained until he retired from business, about 1869. Mr. Hewitt was a short, stoutly buUt man; had a pecuUar way of speaking, his voice being somewhat harsh in tone. He was a good business man and a hard worker ; he was a strong Baptist, and was for years one of the leading men in that church, in connection with Deacon Byron. In political faith he was a staunch Republican and " teetotaUer " always. 156 PIONEER HISTORY His business was always done in a quiet manner, as he was never known to advertise. He died December 9th, 1869, after a long busi ness life, honored and respected. Foundry. A foundry was also started this year on the west side, by Luscomb* & Sercomb, afterwards Turten & Sercomb, A woolen factory was also started by Waller and WiUiam Burke on the canal, at the foot of Cherry street, the first in the place,t Our mercantile corps was further strengthened this year by the arrival of Royal Jennings, Royal D, Jennings, and Edgar C. Jen nings with a heavy stock of general merchandise, which they opened in the Hustis block, northwest corner of Third and Chestnut streets, under the firm name of R, Jennings & Co., with a flaming advertise ment headed " Hurrah for the West Side," Here they remained untU 1844, when they removed to the southeast corner of the same streets into the old Comstock store, where they remained untU 1853, when they removed to what is now No, 9 Spring street, where they con tinued to do business untU 1855, at which time they went out of the mercantUe business in order to engage in railroading, in which they were not only prominent but successful for several years. The father, Royal Jennings, died December i8th, 1872. The sons are yet among our most active business men ; Royal D. holding the responsible position of Treasurer of the Chicago, MUwaukee, and St. Paul RaUroad, while Edgar C. holds the same responsible position in the Northwestern Mutual Life, both of which positions have been fairly earned by these brothers, and which they wiU doubtiess hold until they retire from business altogether, Bayles & Hackett were in 379 East Water street this year, clocks and watches, first door north of Dewey's block. Another new comer this year was WiUiams Lee, with harness and saddlery, which he opened at 413 East Water street, C, C. Dewey's latest store, whom he bought out in order to get a foothold. He also kept leather in connection with his regular stock. But this place be- ¦*.Samuel D, Luscomb, fThis building stood on the north side of Cherry street, east of the canal. It was in use up to 1878, when it was pulled down to make room for the present building, the Milwaukee mill. OF MILWAUKEE. 157 Ing too small for his needs, a new store was erected for him in the spring of 1844, by the late Elisha Eldred, at what is now known as Nos. 85 and 87 Wisconsin street, into which he at once removed, and where he remained for several years. This buUding was a two-story frame. He was also at one time at what is now No. 323 East Water street, and lastly in the United States block, first store in the block north of Huron street. Mr, Lee is a man of good business ability, and has been quite suc cessful in the accumulation of wealth. He buUt the sixth brick resi dence in the city, upon the northwest corner of Broadway and Oneida street, in 1844, in which he lives to-day, the brick for which were made at the intersection of Muskego avenue and Madison streets, south side. Mr. Lee is a man of strong wiU and indomitable perse verance ; he never lets up on anything he gets after, and goes to the bottom of every subject he undertakes to investigate, and will spend just as much time upon a five-dollar trade as upon a five-hundred dollar one, but what he will have it as he wants it ; time, in that case, being no object. He is a member of the Old Settlers' Club, and a prominent Odd FeUow. He was born at Chester, Mass,, November 22d, 1800, and is consequently eighty-one years of age. He retired from active business several years ago, and is devoting his time wholly to looking after his property. He loves to meet his old associates, and talk of the olden time, of which he has a vivid recollection. He is always cheerful and social, and has been a useful citizen, L. Treadwell* opened a stock of clothing opposite the Cottage Inn, John F. Sinclair opened a blacksmith shop on West Water street, about where the street car stables now ssand. Cook & Gove opened a stock of general merchandise in what is now 387 East Water, Ward's " granite store," James Rathburn came from Buffalo with a large stock of dry goods which were opened in Walker's old warehouse, on the south side,t Walter King opened the Bunker HiU Store at what is now 394 East Water, *This man was the son of the old scoundrel who was rode out of town on a rail, in 1838, mention of which was made in 'Volume I., page 42. fThis store was burned on the night of the 7th of August. Loss on goods, $8,000; insurance, $2,500. Capt. Gilbert Knapp, who was lying here at the time with the revenue cutter, came ashore with his crew, and aided in. preventing it spreading to the adjoining buildings. 158 PIONEER HISTORY J, B. De Riemer opened a large stock of groceries, for those times, on the east side of East Water, between Wisconsin and Mason. Jesse M. Van Slyck came, (who does not remember Jesse?) and went into the Rogers block with a large stock of groceries, Decem ber 1 2th, J, BaUard, hats and caps, went into what is now 363 East Water. Two new lumber yards were also opened, one by Andrew J.Vieaux, at the foot of Huron street, and one on Spring street, opposite where the Plankinton House now stands, by G. L. Norton. Holton & GoodaU also started an ashery this summer, on the Me nomonee, at or near the foot of Third street, about May 6th. That was the first ashery in Milwaukee. They also manufactured saleratus at the same place, in 1844. Franklin J. Blair. This gentleman, who, with the exception of Bradley & Metcalf, is the only one remaining of the merchants of 1843 who have been in business continuously from that time to the present, came here from Cleveland, Ohio, where he had been previously engaged in teaching school, with a stock of general merchandise, including a large invoice of crockery and glassware for those times ; he opened in Holton and GoodaU's old stand, now No. 398 East Water street, (afterwards called cheap side,) in July ; here he remained about six years, growing in wealth and prominence daily, when this store being too smaU to accommodate his increasing trade, he removed to what is now 361 East Water (a part of the old J, E. Arnold store,) where he remained but a short time, then to 359, the adjoining store on the south, the old Hirani Mabbet store, where he remained untU the great fire of August, 1854, during which it was with great difficulty that his store was saved from destruction, when, stUl requiring more room for his constantly increasing trade, (his stock then consisting wholly of crockery and glassware,) he purchased the building and ground at what is now known as 354 and 356 East Water street, into which he removed, and where he has remained until the present time, having in the meantime (1856,) admitted as a partner Mr, E, R. Persons (who had been his clerk since his first arrival in Milwaukee, in 1847,) under the firm name of Blair & Persons, since which time they have OF MILWAUKEE. 159 been very successful, and tlieir house is to-day one of the soundest, as well as one of the most popular establishments of the kind in the Northwest. They ship directly from Europe, both of them having in turn visited England and France in a business capacity. In person Mr. Blair is rather below the medium heiglit, has a com pactly buUt and muscular franie, dark hair, and dark blue eyes ; he is very quick motioned, and of a somewhat nervous temperament. His voice is soft and musical in tone ; he is not very communicative, or fond of making promiscuous acquaintances, and is thoroughly do mestic in his tastes ; he is very methodical, and knows all the ins and outs of his business, is very undemonstrative, but at the same time is weU posted as to what is going on around him. He is all business, and although very wealthy, is as ready to wait upon a customer as are any of his numerous, clerks ; his habits of Ufe are very simple, and notwithstanding he is weU down the western slope of life's journey, he is as active as most men are at forty. Mr. Blair, Uke Mr. Shep ard, is always to be found at his store, never being absent more than an hour at a time when in the city, and his success in life is the cer tain result of prudence, economy, good judgment, and a strict attention to his own business. He is a prominent director of the Northwestern National Insurance Co,, whose interests and prosperity he watches over as faithfully as he does his own business, fie has been greatly aided in bringing his establishment to its present prosperous condition by Mr, Persons, who from the day he first became a member of the firm, has worked with untiring zeal for its success, untU he too has risen to wealth and prominence. His kindness to the poor and needy is proverbial, no man's in the city more so ; he has good business abiUty, and like Mr. Blair, has risen from poverty to his present prosperous condition, wholly by his own exertions. Mr. Persons is one of the most even tempered men in the city, and never allows himself to get excited ; he always says just what he means, and never makes a promise that he does not keep ; he, Uke Mr, Blair makes but few intimate friends, and them he wiU stand by through adversity as well as prosperity, a statement that cannot be truthfully made of most men, and is a first-class citizen, Mr. Blair is a native of Blandford, Mass,, where he was born October 17th, 1815; and Mr, Persons of Water ford, Vermont, where he was born July 12th, 1828. 160 PIONEER HISTORY Among the changes made this year were the removal of A, T. Smith & Brother from the Rogers block, corner of Spring and West Water streets, to Wells' block on East Water, A. F. Clark's old stand, the latter having removed to what is now 367 East Water; and N. A. McClure to the south tenement of Dewey's block, 373 East Water, Messrs. Shepard & BonneU having removed to their new store, now No. 391 East Water. A foundry was opened this year by that old veteran firm, Andrew J. Langworthy and Nelson McCracken, on the water power. Mr. Langworthy has been a man of note in Milwaukee. He is a splendid mechanic, and one of the most generous hearted men in the place, too much so for his own good. He has been very prominent as an Odd FeUow, and fireman in the old volunteer department. He also did good service in the Rebellion, and left his private mark on a goodly number of rebels. He is a staunch Republican, and has held several public offices, including that of Sheriff. He is as fuU of mis chief as a boy, and a hard man to beat. He has hosts of friends, but no enemies, and has been a very useful citizen. The mechanical department was further strengthened this year by the arrival of James Douglass, who has become somewhat famous on account of having introduced a new style of architecture into the city, known among the craft as the Termes Mordax, or "Ant HUl " style, a term probably suggested from a fancied resemblance between the roofs of the dweUings constructed upon this plan, and the villages of these little, pugnacious, cone-building, African termites. Numer ous examples of this style can be seen in the city, more particularly in the upper part of the First ward. He has also been quite prominent as a politician, and has filled the office of Supervisor in his ward with much abUity, and in which ca pacity he made a good fight against several unpopular measures that were introduced there by those who were apparently after the wealth of the county more than its welfare. He is a good wire-puller, and a first-class mechanic* He is also a good phrenologist, and can teU *I doubt if there is, or ever was, a mechanic in Milwaukee, who can do as good carpenter work as can Mr. Douglass. The roof of St. John's Cathedral, his mas terpiece, stands to-day confessedly the finest piece of mechanism, outside of a cabinet shop, in the 'West; the joints in those massive, self-supporting truss bents are almost invisible. OP MILWAUKEE. 161 just what kind of a caput a man has on his shoulders, after he has been through it, just as weU as Prof Fowler, He is always on the move, and can be in more places, in a given time, than there are spots on a fawn in July. He is as busy as a hornet before a shower, but, as it is with that little, ubiquitous stem-winding vespa era bro, it is often just as difficult to tell what he is busy about. Mr. D. has accumu lated quite a fortune, which he knows how to take care of. He is strictiy honest, and always does as he agrees, but is careful what he agrees to. He is also a good public speaker, and somewhat noted as a writer, having written quite extensively for some of the magazines of the day, particularly tl)e MUwaukee Monthly, some of his articles being very amusing. But he can draw a long bow, if necessary, as he has been an industrious reader, and is well posted. He can also tell a good story, and is always fuU of mirth. Mr. Douglass possesses a wiry and muscular frame; has a large, round face, a sandy complexion, and a nervous temperament; speaks short and quick, and often sharp ; his voice, though low in tone, is powerful. He is a good citizen, and has done his share in building up our city. He is, I believe, a native of Scotiand, Stephen Boyce, dentist, was in the upper story of WeUs' block. Boyce was a nervous littie fellow, with a temper like a wasp. Those of the old merchants who stocked up the heaviest this year, were J. E. Arnold, Ludington & Co., F. Wardner and James Knee land, all of whom had advertisements in the papers, that occupied nearly all of one side, recounting the wonderful bargains to be had at their respective establishments. And Mr. Kneeland was paying cash for wheat, at 62^ cents per bushel. The medical department was also also further strengthened this year by the arrival of Doctor E. S. Marsh, who settied on the west side, Walker L, Bean, afterwards a partner of Doctor James K, Bartiett, and F, Kalckloff, also upon the west side. Among those not already mentioned, but who were known to have come this year, and who have been prominent as business men, were Jas. Ludington, who has been a large speculator and dealer in lumber and real estate, as well as a prominent raUroad magnate ; Herman Haertel, merchant and capitalist ; Daniel Shultz, prominent in the old volunteer Fire Department, and now the efficient General Agent of 162 PIONEER HISTORY the Milwaukee Mechanics' Mutual Insurance Co.; Hirani A. Story, farmer and capitalist ; John and Anthony Dahlman, Germans, who, from smaU beginnings, have risen to wealth and prominence, the for mer having retired to the enjoyment of his large wealth, and the latter is rapidly approaching that point, both of whom are first-class men ; Benjamin BagnaU, lumberman ; Thomas Kehoe, Adam Poertner, and A. J. Helfenstein. There also came this year : Elias A. Calkins, printer ; Jas. B. Cross and Alexander Matherson,* lawyers ; William Jackson, harness maker, yet in business, and a useful citizen ; Frank Charnley, master builder, who buUt the present Court House ; John S. Fillmore.t printer; Geo. B. Bingham, builder, now in Kansas; William Shields; Alonzo L. Boynton, who is one of our most prominent livery men, and who, commencing at the foot of the ladder, has reached the top most round before he was forty years old. Mr. Boynton is a first-class citizen, a good business man, and knows all about a horse. He is a member of the old Settier and Pioneer Clubs, and one of the most active in keeping up the organization ; also John A. Brown, who took Mr. Noonan's place on the Courier; Daniel Fitzsimmons, who run an emigrant paper called the Irish Appeal;\ James Magone,§ Cephas Augustus Butties, and no doubt many others unknown to the writer. Hotel Changes. This year also brought us Caleb Wall, as landlord of the MUwau kee House, (vice Hurley, removed,) who at -once took a prominent position in the community as a hotel keeper, speculator, and a wide- *This gentleman was a great politician, or at least he thought he was, and was ready to bet money on it. He was also quite active as a Sunday School teacher. He was tall and slim, and stooped a little; he had a large head, with probably the least in it that was worth a penny to any lawyer who expected to make a mark in the world, of any one in the place. He was arrested once for illegal voting, and although a practicing attorney in every Court in the State, when the trial came before Judge HubbeU, he plead in extenuation that he was ignorant of the laws relating to elections, and was let off. He was like the Paddy's owl — a big noise. I believe he is now in Canada. f J. S. Fillmore was quite a prominent man for several yeats, as a fireman, land agent, and in connection with the Sentinel. He was one of the most persevering men among us, and always busy. He died at Denver a few years ago. {This was a semi-monthly, printed at the Courier office, and edited by John A. Brown, James Magone and Daniel Fitzsimmons. It was not very long-Uved. §James Magone was a ship carpenter, and a man of good natural abilities. He an active politician; was School Commissioner, and one of the first Aldermen from the south side, in 1845. He went to the Mexican war in 1847, where he died from fever. OF MILWAUKEE. 163 .;.'."' fT"f * HI f 7 II S 1 M LWAUKEE HOUSE J(F TT awake business man generally.* He was an auctioneer for many years, in which profession he was successful beyond any of his competitors. He had wonderful perseverance ; whatever he went for, he got. It was through his indomitable pluck when in the City CouncU, that the first ordinance against hogs and cattle running at large was passed. And great was the wrath of the Third Warders thereat. He was a wide-awake and public-spirited citizen, and his loss was long felt. Dexter Taft and W. H. Spur came this year, as successors to R. P. Harrimanf in the new Cottage Inn, May ist. H. Delcampo was in the Fountain House ; Tibbets (now at Ap pleton,) and Conger (now dead,) were the successors of Jacob L. Bean in the new American, where the Plankinton now stands. *The annexed cut represents this pioneer hashery, as it appeared in 1843. The small part seen upon the left is the part formerly called the Bellevue, built in 1836, mention of which was made in 'Volume I., page 76, as yet standing upon the northwest corner of Detroit and Milwaukee streets, and where it is yet doing duty as a boarding house, grocery and saloon. f Richard P. Harriman was a good landlord, but not ha-ving sufficient capital for the new house, was forced to sell out. He was a very companionable man, but not very energetic, and took things easy. He kept a livery stable for several years at Sheboygan, after leaving Milwaukee; went from there to Green Bay, where he kept a hotel for several years, and where he died in 1879. Mr. Harri man was a large, stoutly built man; he had broad shoulders, a large head, dark hair, and dark, hazel eyes, quite large. He walked slowly, with his hands usu ally thrust in his pockets, and his head a little to one side; was never in a hurry, and was very good natured. I remember him well. 164 PIONEER history Wm, Welch kept the Farmers' Hotel, an emigrant house, just north of Wells' block. It was a tough hole. Thomas Youngs became a partner with S. R. Bradley in the Franklin, late the Juneau, in March,* Baker & Blanchard being his successors in the hat and cap store. H. Lieber was in the Eagle, and Morris Louis in the Louis House. New Brick Yards. John A. Messengert opened a yard on Chestnut street, above Twelfth ; Horace Caffren was in Sivyer's old yard, on Oneida street, making fire brick ; and the ChUds Bros.J at the corner of Sixth avenue and Park street. Improvements upon the water power up to this time were John son's tannery. Deacon Samuel Brown's saw mill, Lapoint & Teal's sash, door, and blind factory, Joseph Walther's wood turning; and John T. Perkins' planing miU. I well remember the excitement attending the starting of that mill, among the carpenters and joiners, who were fearful that it would throw them out of employment, myself among the rest, as previous to that time aU flooring had to be planed and matched by hand. James Rathburn had also commenced to buUd a flouring mUl, with five run of stones, the present City MiU ; and Messrs. E. B. Wolcott and John Anderson another, the old Bertschy. Temperance. The Milwaukee House hoisted the temperance flag this year, but it was " no go." It is a little remarkable, but nevertheless true, that the strongest advocates for temperance, as a rule, wiU not put up at a temperance house when traveling; not if they know it. Why is it thusly ? *Mr. Youngs went out again in less than six months. f John A. Messenger was a smart, energetic man. He was the contractor for the first brick public school building, in 1849. He also erected a number of pri vate residences in the present Second ward. {Sidney S. and Samuel, The Childs Bros, were a hard lot. They Uved at what was known on the map as MUwaukee proper, called at that time Nauvoo, on account of the loose morals of themselves and one or two others, it being that portion lying between Clinton, Barclay, Railroad and Washington streets. They lived at one time in the old house yet standing at 281 Walker street. They went from here to Menasha, I beUeve. They kept the Fifth ward in a constant turmoil while they lived there. of milwaukee, 165 Masonic Lodge Instituted, Kilbourn Lodge, No, 3, A, F, & A, M,, was instituted June 12th, 1843; charter dated January 17th, 1843. This was the first Lodge ever instituted in Milwaukee, the charter members of which were Owen Aldrich, Harvey Birchard, William W. Cord, WiUiam Farns worth, John Gale, A, W. Hatch, Charles S, Hurley, Lemuel B, Hull, David Kaiser, Walter W, Kellogg, Isaac C, Loomis, Dwight F. Law- ton, WiUiam McKittrick, Egbert Moseley, Henry Skinner, Alanson Sweet, Abram D. Smith, Garret Vliet, William C. Watson, Henry C. West, Timothy Wainwright, and J. B. Zander. The first Master was Lemuel B. HuU. Trustees. The election of Trustees was held this year on the 16th of Janu ary, by special ordinance, and resulted as follows : East Ward— D. Wells, Jr., Lindsey Ward, Albert Jones, Cyrus D. Davis, Geo. Barber. Fire Wardens — Maurice Pixley, Alex. MitcheU and Ahimias Gove. West Ward— Byron Kilbourn, Egbert Mosely, D. H, Richards, Benjamin H. Moores, and Edward D, Holton. Officers of Canal Co.— Byron KUbourn, J. S, RockweU, D, H, Rich ards, Garret Vliet, John Anderson, Silas Griffith, Wm. R. Longstreet. D. H. Richards, President ; I. A. Lapham, Secretary and Treasurer. Fire, On the 6th of January, 1843, our citizens were startled by the cry of fire, which was found to be in McDugald's blacksmith shop, south side of Huron street, and the utter lack of proper organization on the part of the firemen, as well as the wardens, brought out the following article from the Sentinel of the i ith : On Friday last our citizens were alarmed with the cry of fire, which proved to be the blacksmith shop of Wm, McDugald, and notwithstanding the conveni ence to water, the building burned up, when, with sufficient organization, it might have been put out in five minutes. There is an engine,* and there should be a hook and ladder company. The Fire Wardens should also be on hand, with some badge to distinguish them from the crowd, and their orders should be obeyed. It seems to be the opinion of many that the engine company must furnish their own *The engine referred to here was the old Neptune, brought here from Rochester, N. Y., in 1839. She was fed with buckets, just as stated. 166 PIONEER HISTORY water. It is the duty of the F'ire Wardens to cause a line to be formed, and water brought to feed the engines; the company will throw the water on the fire as fast as it is brought to them. There must be more system, or little can be done at a fire. It would appear by this that the water was brought to, and poured into the engines with buckets. For goodness sake, what would be the use of any fire engine that could not supply itself with water by suction. Such a machine would be about as useful as a sausage fiUer, and goes ahead of Joel Hood's patent corn husker.* It resulted, however, in a caU for a fire meeting, at which the foUowing resolu tions were passed : First. That a night watchman be kept on East Water street, at private ex pense. Second. That the Fire 'Wardens be requested to perform their duty. Third. That the number of members to each engine be increased. Fourth. That the company meet regularly for drill. Fifth, That at each alarm, each member shall start with his bucket in his hand for the fire — or pump. (This is original; no extra charge for it,) Sixth, That Jas. S, Baker, Fred, Wardner and Charles C, Dewey circulate a petition for the purpose of raising the funds necessary to defray the expenses of these resolutions, Wm, A. Prentiss, Chairman. L, J, Higby, Secretary. January 9th, 1843. A fire also occurred in the Juneau House barn, on the 19th of January, at which the Sentinel shot off some more editorials about the efficiency of the department, and the way they passed the water to the engine in buckets ; and also wanted to know where that night watch was, and why the committee did not act in the matter. Musical Society. There was a musical society formed this year, January 15th, for improvement in vocal and instrumental music, called the Beethoven Society, with Ed. D, Holton, President; Geo. F. Austin, Vice Presi dent ; J. B. Zander, Secretary ; J. F. Rague, Treasurer ; I. E. Good- all, Librarian ; L, T, Zander, Leader. This was the first musical so ciety in Milwaukee, *A machine invented by Joel Hood to husk corn, in which the corn had first to be picked and placed in the husker, one ear at a time, an operation requiring dou ble the time that it would take to husk it as it was picked. It was, of course, a failure, and pretty effectually husked Joel out of all his stamps. OF MILWAUKEE. 16'7 Noonan retired from the Courier this year, July i6th. His suc cessor was John A. Brown. Fraud Discovered. At a meeting of the Board of Supervisors of Milwaukee county, held March 15th, it was found that a large amount of cancelled or ders had been reissued. The ink had been removed by a chemical process. A committee of investigation failed to discover the criminal. A reward of five hundred dollars was offered by the then Clerk, Uriel Farmin, for the discovery and conviction of the criminal, without success.* Odd Fellows. Milwaukee Lodge, No. 2, the first in the town and the second in the State, was instituted this year in March, in Hustis' block, corner of Chestnut and Third streets, by District Deputy Grand Master John D. Potts. Jas. S. Baker was the first N. G. The imports up to March, 1843, were in value $5,834,463. Ex ports, $507,573.1 St. Patrick's Day in the Morning. March 17th, 1843, '^as a great day in Milwaukee. This was the first appearance of Ireland's patron saint in public, and his friends went in for a" big time, and had it, too. High mass was celebrated with great pomp in front of St. Peter's church, on Martin street, the late Rt. Rev. Father Kundig, Vicar General, ofliciating. The officers of the day wefe : Head Marshal, Solomon Juneau ; Assistant Marshals, John S. Rockwell and E, B. Wolcott, They marched pretty much all over town, and wound up with a dinner at the Cottage Inn, It was a gala day among the Catholics, nor have they had a celebration since that began to come up to it. Harbor Celebration. A harbor celebration was held on the 2 1st of March, with Capt. L. *I remember the excitement there was in Milwaukee attending the discovery of this fraud; it was intense. The county was poor, and to be swindled in that man ner was rather more than the people were disposed to stand. Mr. Farmin, who had but lately come into office, was arrested shortly after the act, but escaped, and who the perpetrator was, was never certainly known. fl think there must,be a large part of guess work about this statement, as no regular entry was kept. It was taken from the books of our merchants, who, for their own credit, would no doubt make it large enough. 168 pioneer history H. Cotton, Marshal; E. B. Wolcott, J. A. Messenger and Henry MiUer, Assistant Marshals. This was also a big day, all trades being represented in the procession, and winding up with a baU at the Cot tage Inn. County Convention. The caU for this covention was signed by Jas. H. Rogers, John S. RockweU, Hans Crocker, Wm. P. Lynde, Luther Parker, Joseph Bond, Chas. E. Brown, and Wm. A. Barstow, Corresponding Commit tee, March 29th, 1843. The same paper also contains a caU for a meeting at the Court House for the town of Milwaukee, to select candidates for town offi cers, to be elected on the first Tuesday in AprU. By order of the Town Committee, candidates were also put in nomination at this time for Justice of the Peace, the first that were elected by the people. The foUowing is the result of the election : Supervisors — ^John S. Rockwell, Benj. H. Moores and David Merrill. County Clerk — Wallace W. Graham, Assessors— Vin-dy H, Edgerton, Garret VUet and John McCoUom. School Commissioners — Wm, P, Lynde, John A, Messenger and Patrick Flynn, Commissioners of Highways — Samuel Brown, Louis G. Trayser and William Price. Collector — Lawrence Robbins, Treasurer — Timothy Wainwright. Constables — Randall H. Bryant, Alexander F". Pratt and Louis Whitney, Sealer of Weights and Measures — James L, Smith. Fence Viewers — Joseph R. Treat, Daniel Keltner and Francis Burns. Overseers of Highways~-%e.'Ca. W. Churchill, Andrew McCormick and Geo. F. Knapp. Democratic majority, l2o. The Justices elected this year were CUnton Walworth, 'VValter W. Kellogg,* Jas, S. Baker and Wm. A. Prentiss. Great complaint was made this year about the grading of the bluff at the head of Wisconsin street, by an east side tax payer, but the the work went on, aU the same, *This man was somewhat prominent in his day as a politician, and a hard case generally. He was, as far as his ability went, a good match for John L. Doran, He was as wicked as he knew how to be, and perfectly unscrupulous. He was tall and muscular, and had a florid complexion; wore a white hat and white neck tie, and usually a suit of blue. When addressing you, he never looked you square in the face. He was one of 'em. I think he died at Sheboygan a few years ago. OF MILWAUKEE 169 The annexed cut represents the Lighthouse at the head of Wiscon sin street, as it appeared when viewed from the lake, with the house for the keeper, and the bank, as it existed in 1838 and down to 1847. The one following represents the scene described in Volume L, page 151, which is inserted in this Volume in order that the full glories of that affair may be better reaHized than they could be without the illustration. As was stated in that sketch, his place was a great resort for the boys, not only on account of the mischief plotted there, but EH also kept wine, cakes, pies, tobacco, small beer and cigars, which helped to replenish his not too plethoric purse. For 170 PIONEER HISTORY these luxuries, the boys, when short of change, would play Old Sledge or Seven Up, a game v/hich Eli was not only fond of, but in which he was an expert. But it came to pass one day, after drawing his quarter's salary of $75, that, feeling in an unusually generous mood, he gave an invitation to some few of the boys, among whom were H y W s, J. E. A d, E 1 C r, and Dr. Wm. H." Manton, aU men of renown, to come up that night, and have a game. Now Eli's den could only be reached, at that time, by climb ing a fifty foot ladder, on account of the grade on Wisconsin street, the whole bluff being then in process of removal ; but it was soon reached, and the fun commenced, la,sting untU midnight, and result ing in the boys not only winning his quarter's salary, but they also won, ate, drank and smoked his entire stock of cakes, pies, wine, beer and cigars, leaving his place as bare and empty of anything useful, as the head of a politician; when, thinking it about time to seek their virtuous couches, they started for the ladder, with Ught heads and uncertain steps, and, feeling wholly incompetent to make the descent to the street in the dark, were compelled to call on the vanquished EH to come out in the wet, it raining hard at the time, and light them on their downward way. This he did, with great disgust, standing untU aU had landed in safety. But when told that all was right, in that half incoherent manner common to those whose tongues are thickened with whisky, his pent-up wrath found vent in the following classic expressions : "O y-e-s, i-t-s a-l-l r-i-g-h-t, you d — d blacklegs I You come up here and win all my money, drink all my wine, eat aU my cakes, smoke all my cigars, ask me to come out in the rain and hold the Ught whUe you get your whisky tanned carcasses in safety to the ground, and then teU me ' i-t-s a-l-l r-i-g-h-t, E-l-i !' You go to heU!" It was a long time after that, before Eli recovered his accustomed equanimity, or was able to get his revenge out of the boys. He is now, however, a millionaire in Chicago. At the head of the ladder can be seen the vanquished Eli, with his lantern, and upon the ladder H y W s and J. E. A d, the former just ahead of and assisting the latter, who was probably loaded too heavy to make the descent in safety alone ; w-hile at the foot stands E 1 C — ¦ — r, shouting out his joy at Manton's ill luck, who OF MILWAUKEE. 171 had slipped off when about half way down, and taken a seat in the mud, from which he was making fruitless attempts to extricate him self; whUe the rain is pouring down in torrents. It was a rich scene to all but EH. Running Off a Slave. On Sunday, April 23d, an officer from Chicago arrested a fugitive slave, and ran him off. I weU remember this affair, as I saw the sleigh pass my door. Some of the parties who assisted in this nefarious transaction, as well as the party who owned and drove the team, are living yet, 172 pioneer history Election. The election for Sheriff and Judge of Probate came off this year in May,* and resulted in the election of Ed. D. Holton for Sheriff, and Joshua Hathaway for Judge of Probate. There were three candi dates for Sheriff in the field. The official vote was as follows : For Skerif—'^m. A. Barstow, 551; Ed. D. Holton, 666; Aldrich, 342. For Judge of Probate — Joshua Hathaway, 863; Frank RandaU, 645. The Democracy was badly cut up by the election of Edward D. Holton as Sheriff, over WiUiam A. Barstow, the more particulariy so because Mr. Holton ran independent. His friends took the stump for him only four days before election, and although by no means a popular man at that time, on account of his abolition and temperance principles, was successful. Mr. Barstow took his defeat very much to heart. To be beat in that way was a stunner for the party.t That Bridge Again. There was much complaint made this year in May, about the dan gerous condition of the float bridge at Spring street, the county bridge at Chestnut street, the dangerous condition of the road up that hiU, and the filthy condition of the streets in the East Ward. " Where is the Marshal?" Improvements. ' In speaking of the growth of Milwaukee, June 3d, the editor of the Sentinel has the following : Milwaukee. As an evidence of the prosperity of this village, one only needs to stroll up and down East Water street to satisfy himself. I'he alterations and changes that have taken place in this single street are truly encouraging; new and handsomely fin ished stores, commodious and convenient, have added much to the beauty, as well *Why these two officers were elected in May, and the balance in September, I cannot tell, unless it was for the purpose of giving the people one more conven tion, to which they took as naturally as a duck does to the water. Gay old times they had at those conventions. f Mr, Holton's election was not by any means due to his own personal popular ity, but more to Mr. Barstow's unpopularity, on account (as was alleged by some of his former friends,) of his having packed the caucus that nominated hirn, which caused dissatisfaction, and consequently a bolt, Mr, Holton ran again in 1844 for the Council, upon the abolition ticket, and received only 187 votes in the county, Mr, Daniel Brown leading him ten votes for the office of Coroner, he having re ceived 197, which was the highest number polled. Abolitionism was a "weak sister " in Milwaukee county in those days. or MILWAUKEE. 173 as to the wants of the business men upon this truly business thoroughfare. The Harriman House, which would be an ornament to any town in the West, rears its bold front in the most business part of the town. The new hotel of Mr, Welch (afterwards the Exchange,) is not inferior in point of beauty to many others. And farther up a couple of blocks, one of which is frame* and the other brick,f will, when completed, add much to the appearance of East Water street; and just below our officej are two being erected, one to be occupied by Messrs. Bradley & Metcalf, and one by Messrs. Shepard & Bonnell, (now 389 and 391 East Water,) that are an ornament to the street. These buildings which the Sentinel made such a noise about, al though good enough in their day, would be of no account now. But they answered the purpose for which they were built, and Me.ssrs, Bradley & Metcalf, as well as Shepard & Bonnell, made lots of money whUe in them, and it was there that the foundations of their present wealth were laid. First Street Sprinkling. The streets were first sprinkled in Milwaukee this year. It was done by a man with a hand-cart, and nearly as well done (what there was done,) as it is to-day. Who the man was, I have forgotten, but he played horse first-rate. The following aggregate statement of liabilities and resources of the Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance Co., at their semi-annual bal ance, June ist, 1843, is taken from the Sentinel oi ^an\yi.xy 6th, 1844: RESOURCES, Amount loaned on bills and notes bearing interest, and not having over 90 days to run $ \T„. J^Crrv-^^^ i^^<3t<^i>-;^^^>^^<^^W^- OF MILWAUKEE. 211 (whom he had previously known,) at what is now No. 407 East Water steret. That plan, however, was frustrated by Mr. Metcalf having entered into partnership with Deacon John Ogden just one week pre vious to his arrival, which compelled him to launch out for himself. He accordingly leased the ground at what is now No. 3 Grand avenue, of Hon. Ed. D. Holton, for a rental of sixty doUars per an num, upon which he at once erected a small frame buUding, at a cost of one hundred and ten doUars, in which he opened a meat market on the 22d of September, just fourteen days from the time he landed. Pretty quick work, that. In this small building he commenced his business career, with a capital of four hundred and fifty dollars, and such was his success that his first year's sales amounted to nearly twelve thousand dollars. Here he remained untU 1849, growing in wealth and experience, when the country having been weU stocked with cattle and hogs, he commenced the slaughtering and packing business, which he contin ued for one year, when a partnership was formed with Frederick Lay- ton, under the firm name of Layton & Plankinton, and under which name the business was conducted, the slaughtering, however, being principaUy confined to cattle, as the hogs were mostly killed by the farmers themselves* at that time, untU i860, when the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Layton retiring, and the business conducted by Mr. Plankinton alone untU 1863, when, such had been its growth, that there were but three establishments of the kind in the United States whose business was larger than his. By this time it was patent to every shrewd man that this was a growing country, and to Mr. Plankinton in particular was it apparent that the business he was engaged in would soon be the leading busi ness of the West, wheat alone excepted, and he was at once seized with a desire to control it. And in order to effect this, a new partner ship was entered into with PhUip D. Armour, then a rising young man, who for sagacity, shrewdness, and business ability, has few equals in any country, under the firm name of Plankinton & Armour, and under which name they soon began to make their power felt. 'This has all been changed within the last few years, and as many or more hogs are now slaughtered at that establishment, than at either of the Mil-waukee or Chicago houses. 212 PIONEER HISTORY Having unlimited means, as weU as unlimited credit, and brains to match, they at once took the initiative in the slaughtering and pack ing of beef and pork, increasing their' faciUties yearly, as their business increased, untU their Milwaukee establishment alone covers nine acres of ground, and has a capacity for handling from' five to seven thou sand thousand hogs daily, their average being thirty thousand per week when in full operation. In addition to which, they have a branch at Chicago, of even larger dimensions ; and one at Kansas City, for the slaughtering of cattle alone,* in which from forty to sixty thousand head are slaughtered annually, and in aU three of which establishments their business for 1880 exceeded twelve miUions of doUars. Besides conducting all this vast business, Mr. Plankinton has also built largely, no one man in the city having erected as many or as costly buildings, Mr. Mitchell's bank and the Chamber of Commerce building excepted, as he ; and this year will witness the erection of another at a cost of forty-five thousand doUars. The city is not only indebted to him for many of our best business blocks, but the famous hotel known as the Plankinton House was also erected by him, at a cost of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. This hotel might, in one sense, be caUed a gift to the city, for it has certainly never been a paying investment to its owner. And the new Library Block, on Grand avenue, built last year at a cost of seventy thousand dollars, would be an ornament to any city. He does not always ask himself if it wiU pay, but if it wiU help the place. In person Mr, Plankinton is tall and weU proportioned, and pos sessed of a sound constitution. He has a large head, dark ha-ir and dark blue eyes, in which a mischievous smUe is often lurking. His step is long and quick, and for a man of his weight very light and elastic. He is not a talker, and very reticent, and not very easy to gel ac quainted with. He is all business, has no tim.e to waste, and can handle a million dollar contract as easy, and with less trouble than most men would have in purchasing a two hundred dollar horse. If he makes a hundred thousand dollars, or loses that amount, upon a venture, it is aU the same as far as the public are concerned, as the -*This is also changed now, and hogs are slaughtered there as well. OF MILWAUKEE. 213 first would not excite, or the latter cause him to look in the least down hearted. He has a nerve like steel, and a will to back it, always acts upon his own judgment and takes the chances, decides a thing in a moment and then goes ahead with it, and always keeps his own counsel. He is a firm friend, and in the selection and treatment of his employees follows the old English rule, never allowing a man to leave if faithful and competent, nor discarding him when worn out or old. In business matters he is sharp and keen, and long practice in connection with uniform success has made him fearless, and he wiU take chances that would appal most men, going long or short, as the case may be, on pork, wheat or stocks, amounting to hundreds of thousands at a time, and if he don't at first succeed, he keeps at it until he does, always looking for his money back where he lost it. He gives you a quick glance when passing in the street, and if an acquaintance a nod of recognition. He is charitable, but in this respect he never lets his right hand know what his left hand doeth. He possesses the faculty of seeing all that is done around him, without apparently appearing to be watching, to a greater extent than any man in Milwaukee; neither can there be any change in the market that he does not seem to know by intuition, and in this respect is never taken off his guard. His morals are unimpeachable, and his habits of life uniform and simple. He always does as he agrees, and expects the same of others, and would under no circumstances deal a second time with a man who did not. In political faith he is a RepubHcan of the strongest kind, and though often solicited to ac cept office, he will not consent, the ways that are dark and the tricks that are vain, so commonly practiced by those who seek for political preferment, having no charms for him, three years services as alderman, 1856-7-8, being sufficient to satisfy him that the goal upon which he had fixed his eye, could never be attained by follow ing that path so thickly beset with thorns. In reUgious faith he is a Presbyterian, and is one of the financial pillars of Calvary Church, where he is a constant attendant, Mr. Plankinton is a native of New Castle County, Delaware, where he was born March 18th, 1820, and although in his sixty-second year, is as active and vigorous, owing to his regular habits, as most men are at forty. MUwaukee has not his duplicate. 214 pioneer history Roads Again. A meeting was held at the Milwaukee House on the i8th of May, to take into consideration the condition of the road from MUwaukee to Waukesha, of which great complaint had been made. Wm. A. Prentiss, Chairman ; Alex. Mitchell, Secretary. A committee of ten, consisting of Elisha Eldred, Harrison Lud ington, Jas. Kneeland, J. E. McClure, from the East ward, James H. Rogers, John Hustis and Jacob L. Bean, from the West ward, and Geo. H. Walker, Jas. Sanderson and Geo. S. West from the South ward, were appointed at this meeting to select the best route for a road from Milwaukee to Waukesha, and also to ascertain the amount of money necessary to make it, and report at an adjourned meeting to be held in Rogers' Block, West ward, on the 25th, which they did, and reported that two thousand doUars would be wanted, which sum was voted, and Messrs. Ludington, Walker, Rogers, Holton and J. S. FUlmore were appointed to raise that amount by subscription. This was the inception of the present Waukesha road now known as the old plank road. It is much shorter than the old one which came in south of the vUlage, and is to-day one of the best pubHc roads in the country. It is now the property of D. WeUs, Jr. Opening of Erie Street. An ordinance was also passed on the i8th of May for grading East Water street from its present terminus, at the bridge, to Beach street, and that Byron Kilbourn, Jacob L. Bean, and John Hustis, freeholders, residing in the West ward, be appointed to assess bene fits and damages to the owners of the property along said street. This was the present Erie street. The work was done during this and the foUowing season by John Furlong. The earth for filling this street came from the strip along the beach, in the present Third ward. Repudiation. Our beautiful city went into the repudiation business early, as the foUowing resolution passed by the Board of Trustees May 27th, 1844, will show. It was introduced by the Hon. Wm. P. Lynde : OF MILWAUKEE. 215 Resolved, that the Treasurer is hereby prohibited from receiving any East ward orders drawn prior to the first of January last, in payment of taxes or other dues to the corporation. To this the Sentinel replies as follows : What is the meaning of this ? It demands an explanation. Have our Board, who by the way are all loco foco, determined to follow in the footsteps of their illus trious predecessors of Mississippi fame? This is a new way to sustain the credit of the corporation ; it will undoubtedly raise the price of corporation orders ; it looks well for Milwaukee ; it speaks volumes for the integrity, honor and credit of our place, and its paternal sponsors, the Trustees. Those who have labored hard for the prosperity and improvement of our town, and taken orders for pay, will no doubt be pleased to learn that the Trustees have relieved them from the further vexatious trouble of inquiring the price of corporation orders. Milwaukee must have been in a bad shape financiaUy to have prompted the Trustees to take such a step as. that, but that they did it is true. The cause probably was jealousy of each other. Sparring among Editors, The Green Bay Republican gets off the following on Milwaukee. It was headed : Where is Milwaukee? A fellow down East wants to know if Wisconsin is in Milwaukee. Will some of the editors over there enlighten this chap upon the subject ? for not knowing, couldn't say, but our opinion is that there is some * there. To which Col. Starr, of the Herald, replied as foUows : Of course Wisconsin is in Milwaukee — a part of it, at least. As to the *, Mr. Republican, don't trouble yourself in particular about it. All we can say is, that our * will shine forth with all the briUiancy of the noonday sun, long after some of the sickly dog ¦* looking orbs that occasionally give us a pale streak of light (from a distance,) shall have sunk in gloomy sUence below the horizon. Do you take, you "Jerusalem pony?" This was not only a sharp reply, but it has come true ; for Green Bay, with aU her boasting, is but a village in size to-day, and is likely to remain so. New Stage Line. A new stage line (mud wagon,) was put on between Milwaukee and Watertown, by Argulus W, Stark. Mr. Stark was City Marshal in 1849, 1 think. He and his driver were a good match for the captain and mate of a steamer I came up the lUinois river on, in 1845 ; /. 6oo Pork 400 Whisky 171 John White, Collector. The First Carriage. The first carriages, as well as the first leather topped buggies ever seen in Milwaukee were brought by our esteemed fellow citizen 278 pioneer history Alonzo L. Kane, who brought two of each in June, 1846. There was a cloth covered buggy in the place, the property of Nathaniel Holman, previously, the folds of which would stick so tightiy to gether in warm weather, when down, as to render it almost impossi ble to put it up. They were landed at the pier, (afterwards Messrs. Kellogg & Strong's) and as they were brought up Huron street, on the way to the northwest corner of Broadway and Huron streets, where Mr. Kane at that time had a livery stable, they excited more curios ity and drew out as large a crowd, as a circus would to-day.* As an iUustration of the difference in the value of real estate then and now, I wiU state that Mr. Kane purchased 60x120 feet on the southeast corner of Huron and Broadway, in 1846, including two two story frame buUdings, for $1600, and the 60x120' feet of the ground where the new Chamber of Commerce stands, then occupied by the new Tremont House in 1847, for $1800. Mr, Kane sold his stable in 1849 to Cyrus D. Davis, and purchased Jacob L, Bean's American House, where the Plankinton House now stands, (see cut in Chapter i,) which he remodeled and occupied, untU it was burned July 4th, 1861, Mr, Kane has been an active business man and is a large property holder in Milwaukee and vicinity, and is quite wealthy. He is sharp and keen, and usually gets the best end of a -bargain ; but occasionally, like others, he gets left, but if he does he never whines or pleads the baby act, but stands up to the rack like a man. He is a part owner of the famous SUoam spring, out of which he has made some money. He is a good citizen and a useful one, believes in a good government and is a stanch republican. He is no talker and not inclined to form many acquaintances ; neither does he ever forget a face that he has once seen, a trait that he acquired in hotel life. He is now past the meridian of life's jour ney, and is taking it easy, and on the down grade keeps the brakes well on, his motto being to go slow around the curves. The First Steam Flouring Mill. The first steam flouring miU in Milwaukee was erected by Messrs. *The cost of these carriages was $1250 and $800 respectively, and the buggies $125 each. They were christened by flon. Geo. H.Walker, who was accompanied by Mrs. Dexter Taft, William Brown of Albany, (as he was designated,) and Mrs, Brown, now Mrs, Geo. H, Walker, who were the first parties to ride' in them. For these items I am indebted to Mr, Kane, OF MILWAUKEE. • 279 Goodrich & Easton, (Edwin H. Goodrich and William C. Easton,) .in 1847, on Lot lo, Block 65, on South Water street, Fifth ward.* The piles for the foundation were driven by myself with the same driver that was used in the construction of the old south pier. The foundations for the stones to rest upon, of which there were four run, was also of piles, driven closely together, and then cut off one foot below the surface of the ground ; ¦ this latter work was also done by myself with a common hand saw, and was a job that I should not like to undertake again, at least not for $1.50 per day, which was the price Messrs. Goodrich & Easton paid me for doing it. The car penter work was done by Farmin & Martin, (Hiram Farmin and Stoddara H. Martin,) now both gone to their rest ; who were prom inent as master builders, in their day. The mUlwright was David W. Leavenworth, now residing at 281 Lake street, in this city. The engine, which came from Medina, N, Y., was a double cylinder, working upon half centers, similar to those now in use upon the dredging machines. The boilers were made by Nelson Soggs, now in California, who had a shop that time on the the south side of Menomonee street, about midway between East Water street and Broadway, in the present Third ward, where Bayley's foundry now stands. The engineer Vho set the engine up, was Geo. J. Rogers, now living at 198 Sth street in this city. There was some difficulty in making the machinery work at first, on account of the inlet to the cylinders being too small to admit sufficient steam ; it would drive two run of stones but not four ; this want of power was of course a sur prise to the fraternity, as the boilers were of sufficient capacity, and no lack of steam. Among those present was a Mr. Wm. Brown, now Hving at Palmyra, Wis., who suggested to Mr. Goodrich, that if he would enlarge those openings, he thought she would go, whereupon Soggs, to whom Brown Was an entire stranger, replied, with a look of contempt : " why you d m fool, that would let aU the steam out of the boUers into the cyUnders." " Yes," said Brown, " so it would, and more steam is just what is wanted." He was at once placed in charge by Mr. Goodrich, and the next day the miU was running. This miU was operated by Messrs. Goodrich and Easton for several *This building is now at No, 281 'Virginia street. 280 PIONEER HISTORY years with doubtful success, during one of which, February 17, 1851, it took fire, and was put out by Brown, with steam from the boilers. Shortiy after which the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Easton going into the same business at Ottawa, IU,, taking the engine along, and Brown to run it, where he, Brown, remained some twelve years, be fore returning and settHng at Palmyra. After this building ceased to be operated as a miU, it was used by the late E, B, Dickerman, who had erected a one story brick packing house (pulled down long ago,) just west of it, for the storage of dressed hogs in the winter and for barrels in the summer. Its next occupants were Messrs. KeUogg & Strong, for a warehouse, in connection with the old Sweet elevator, which they were then operating for merchandise and miscellaneous articles generaUy, as late as i860 or '61, during which time it was also converted into an elevator and occcupied for a short time by Hiram MerriU, now a resident of Janesville, and Chas. H. Larkin, jr., now in Kansas, under a lease from Messrs. Kellogg & Strong. Its next occupant was John E. Eldred, who changed it into a shingle mill, in 1866, but this not proving to be a paying business, was soon abandoned, after which it remained in a comatose state until about 1872, when it was turned around, an addition put in the rear, and occupied by the Milwaukee Manufacturing Company for the manu facture of patent bits and augers. This company was composed of Albert Conro, E. D, Holton, F. J. Blair, John Black, Hans Crocker, E. Mariner, Guido Pfister, A. C. Kasson, (the inventor of the patent,) D. E. French, N. Matson, L. L. Loomis and J. E. Davis. It was a stock company, with a capital of $50,00© ; $24,000 paid in. This company, although composed of some of our best business men, they soon found, as had all their predecessors, that no money was to be made in that UI fated buUding, and closed out the concern by surren dering all they had put in lo Edwin H. Goodrich, on easy terms, thus putting one of the original ones again in possession, who continued the business for a short time, when he also became satisfied that as a boring institution it bid fair lo beat the Washington street tunnel, now in process of construction, (but for what earthly purpose no one can tell,) closed it out and retired. His successors were Messrs. Thomp son & Nathanson, under the firm name of J. P. Thompson & Co., OF MILWAUKEE. 281 who occupied it for the manufacture of twist drills, I'here may possi bly have been other occupants, but if so, they are forgotten. Such is subslantially the record of that old buUding, Bad luck seemed to have been the portion of aU who have ever occupied it, from the day of its completion to that of its removal. Neither do I beUeve that a dollar was ever made there by any one, unless by the last occupants, of whose success in the drilling business, I have no know ledge. Its present owner ho-wever, has converted it into a distillery, in which capacity it wiU probably make some money, as that is a business that always pays the distiller, if it does not the government. I often meet Mr. Brown upon our streets, who is much better pleased with his present occupation, than wUh running an engine, and he often refers to that old miU and the years he spent there. He is a large and muscular son of " auld Scotia," and a great lover of books, particularly scientific. He is a splendid mechanic, and al though 60 years of age, is very active. He is not much of a talker and not very easy to get acquainted with, but he is a true friend when once an acquaintance is formed, Mr, Easton I have not seen since he left MUwaukee, and know nothing of him, except what is stated in this sketch. With the history of Mr, Goodrich the public are of course famUiar, as he has been one of our most prominent and respected citizens for many years. Of the others who worked on that mill, besides those already men tioned, two. Brooks and PhiHp Buck are dead,. Buck died of cholera in 1849, and Brooks was kiUed at the battle of Stone River, during the late RebeUion, He was a noble boy and often comes to mind, when memory carries me back to the olden time. The writing up of these little incidents is perhaps of no particu lar importance, when considered each by itself, but when taken in connection with the great whole, they are important links in the end less chain of unwritten history : That grows as doth the mountain stream. When spring hath broke their icy bands ; As westward Ho ! the nations speed. To cover all this goodly land. Among those who should have been mentioned in the list of mas ter builders, on page 263, but were omitted by mistake, is John 36 282 PIONEER HISTORY Langenburger, who is not only a prominent builder, but is a very useful citizen. Also in the manufacture of tobacco, the mammoth establishment of F. F, Adams, the leading house in that line in the Northwest. Mr, Adams is a wide-awake and public spirited citizen, and has gained his present position wholly by merit. The Ancient Oriental Evanic Order of the iooi. This distinguished organization, under whose teachings, and by the knowledge of whose mystic rites, so many of the citizens of Milwaukee and State became enlightened, and thereby better enabled to perform the duties devolving upon them, particularly as legislators, was first organized in this city about 1847-8, although the western part of the State had received light the previous year, a lodge having been instituted at Mineral Point in 1846, or thereabouts. It was the intention of its founders at first to admit none to its mys teries, except members of the Legislature, (or candidates for that office) owing no doubt to the fact that they as a class, were most needy. Consequently no sooner had the craniums of this class been cleared of aU superfluous rubbish, fiUed with soUd chunks of wisdom, and its effect been noted by their constituents, than a desire seemed to pervade all classes to be enUghtened, and to be a " looi-er" was the ultima thule of every office seeker in the state, (ultima ihule is Irish for as far as you can get, and taken in this connection has about the same specific gravity as "nix cum 'rouse.") In place of the traditional goat, in use among the Odd Fellows and Masons, this order had a wolf that when unchained was a terror to evil doers. Such was the rapidity with which this order spread when it once got loose, that nearly every prominent man in Wiscon sin was soon gathered within its fold, including the Hon, Wm, R. Smith, the State Historian, and hosts of others. The first missionary labors performed by those who had been speci ally set apart for the work in Milwaukee, was at Waukesha, from whence word had been sent that light as well as wisdom was needed by the inhabitants of that benighted region; accordingly word was sent forth that on a certain evening a meeting of the fraternity at which those appointed to the work would be present, would be held at the Masonic Hall for the purpose of enlightening any of the dweUers of OF MILWAUKEE. , 283 that wicked city, who upon due examination should be found in need of, and worthy to receive the valuable information the order had to impart. At length the eventful evening came, the lodge assembled, the wolf was unchained, and the services about to commence, when the burly form of the landlord appeared in the door, and spake to the august assembly these fearful words, " Gentlemen, I would have you know that this building belongs to me ; I rent it to the Masons for their proper use, neither wUl I under any circumstances, allow it to be used for any such tomfoolery as you propose to carry on in it, and I com mand you all to disperse immediately." The "sage of Mequonigo," who presided on the occasion, was, however, equal to the emergency, and fixing his eagle eye upon the bellicose intruder, exclaimed in a voice of thunder, " seize the barba rian who dares invade our sacred precincts." The tentacles of the fes tive cuttle fish were never fastened upon its unsuspecting victim quicker than were the hands of the brethren upon the luckless landlord, who was at once taken to the ante-room, duly prepared and initiated into the several degrees, received the password, the mystic "A. M. A.," after which he was declared a member in good standing, he paying the usual fee of one dollar therefor. To say that he felt any happier when all was over, would not perhaps be strictly true, but that he knew a heap more, was true. Turning to the Grand Seignor, he inquired in his blandest tones, if they were through with him, and was as blandly informed by the ur bane Andrew E. that they were. He then further addressed the Ulustrious Grand Seignor, thusly : " Sir, I do not know your title, but wiU say, Mr. President and gentlemen, (here he turned and bowed to the audience,) permit me to return you my sincere thanks for this evening's entertainment,. and lam perfectly wiUing that you should occupy this hall whenever you Hke, but, (this in the imperative mood and with a vim that made the windows rattle,) if you ever catch me here again — (here he paused to coUect his thoughts preparatory to completing the sentence,) I can only hope that some one wiU invest ten doUars in a pair of stoga boots and kick me from the top of these stairs to the bottom. Goodbye." Was ever base ingratitude for valu able services rendered, so clearly manifested as upon this occasion ? But such is life. CHAPTER VIII. The Pioneer Churches. In "Volume I,, page 91, mention was made of the date of the first reUgious service ever held in Milwaukee by the several denominations now represented here. But the author has concluded to devote a short chapter exclusively to them in this volume, taken partiy from McCabe's Directory, partly from the various church manuals, and partiy from memory, beginning with that pioneer church, the Catho lic, which was certainly the first to enter Wisconsin, and whose first reUgious service in MUwaukee (I quote from McCabe,*) was held at the house of Solomon Juneau, in the month of August, 1837, the Rev, Father Fleurimont Bonduel officiating, and that the first priest ever stationed here was the Rev, Patricius O'Kelly, who came in May, 1837, Father O'Kelley remained here until 1842, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Martin Kundig, who remained here, except whUe absent for a short time at Kenosha, untU his death, which occurred in 1879, universally beloved and respected by both Catholics and Protestants. Father Kundig, who was Vicar General of Wisconsin for many years, was a model preacher, i. e., he practiced what he preached, and the writer, although, as is well known, a strong Protestant, remembers Father Kundig with both respect and affection, A smaU church, St. Peter's, was commenced in 1839, on Martin street^ between Jackson and Milwaukee streets, north side of Martin street, on some lots donated by Mr, Juneau, which is yet standing, and in front of which the author witnessed the celebration of High Mass, Father Kundig officiating, March 17th, 1843, the whole con gregation kneeling in the snow. Father Kundig's successor over this ¦*McCabe is evidently wrong here, as to dates, for if Father O'Kelley came in May, 1837, it is certainly impossible that Father Bonduel could have performed the first service the August following. This date should undoubtedly have been August, 1835 or '36. PIONEER HISTORY OF MILWAUKEE, 285 Httle flock, after his elevation to the office of Vicar General, was the Rev, Peter McLaughUn, In 1843 the Rev. John M, Henni was appointed Bishop of Wis consin, his consecration by Archbishop Purcell taking place at Cincinnati, March 19th, 1844, Soon after his arrival in 1846 he en larged St, Peter's church by lengthening it 17 feet and buUding a basement for a school, for which purpose it is used to-day, religious services having been discontinued in it, after the erection of St, Mary's, corner of Broadway and Biddle streets. This church, which is Ger- m,an, was erected in 1846, and is of brick; it has been rebuilt and enlarged since its erection. There is also a large school attached to and controUed by the church officials. This is a very fine build ing and an ornament to the city. It also contains a fine organ. This, I believe, completes the list of the Catholic churches, erected prior to the adoption of the city charter, since which time, however, their increase has been very rapid. St. John's Cathedral was commenced in 1848 and opened for ser vice in 1850, Bishop Henni, now the Rt, Rev, Archbishop of the diocese of Wisconsin, at once took an active part in the buUding of the churches now under his charge, upon his arrival in MUwaukee, in which he was most zealously aided by both priests and laymen. He is a gen tleman of fine culture, urbane manners, and dignity of deportment, and by his uniform kindness of heart has won for himself the love and esteem not only of his own people, but of many of the Protestants as well. He is now verging upon four score and soon wiU hear the welcome summons to come home and receive the reward of his long and faithful service, in the cause to which his whole Hfe has been devoted. The Baptist Church, The first reUgious service ever held in MUwaukee by this denomin ation, was at what is now No. 218 Hanover street, in the Fifth ward, on the 19th day of November, 1836, by the Rev, Wm, Griffith, or Griffin ; on which occasion David S, Hollister, in whose house it was held, was elected a deacon. Services were also held there occa sionally in 1837, by the Rev. Peter Turk. Among those who were active in getting up and sustaining these meetings, were the late Joel 286 PIONEER HISTORY S, Wilcox and Joseph WUliams. They also met for a short time in 1838, at what is now No. 351 East Water street. The first pastor was the Rev. Edmond Mathews of New York, who was a hard sheU, (and if I am any judge, a hard case.) He came in 1838, and left in 1840, after which they disbanded untU May 1841, when the Rev. Peter Conrad entered the field and succeeded in re- organizing it again in 1842, with fifteen members. They now held their meetings in the school house buUt in 1842,* on lots II and 12, block 101, Fifth ward, (this buUding is now known as 270 First avenue,) and other places, untU November, 1843, when Mr, Conrad left, and things looks spiritually dark and dreary for this little band, untU 1844, when the Rev. Lewis Raymond of Coopers- town, N. Y., whose cheery ways and pecuUar manner of doing things many wiU no doubt remember, came and took the " helm," after which the congregation, then numbering fifty-eight members, held their meetings in the upper story of Harvey Birchard's block, southwest corner of West Water and Spring streets, until their new church then in process of erection, upon the southeast corner of Milwaukee and Wisconsin streets, where Chapman's store now stands, was ready for occupation, the basement of which was finished in 1846 or '47. This building was frame, and according to McCabe, was seventy two feet in length by forty four in width, with a brick basement, and cost, when finished, about $6000. It had a pedament, supported by two Corinthian columns. The architect and buUder was Daniel D. Sibley. The mason work was done by the Sivyer Brothers.t But to resume. This church whose poverty was so great in its infancy, is to day one of the most wealthy and popular in the city. They have a fine *It will probably be stated in the history of the Western Historical Society that their meetings were held, after their first organization, in a school house on the corner of First avenue and Washington streets. That is certainly a mistake, as no building was erected at that point for many years after that date; neither was there a school house ever erected there. That point was an unbroken wilderness as late as 1848 or '50. They met at the old school house on National avenue, on Lots n and 12, Block 101, erected in 1842, as previously stated, fThe old church, corner of Milwaukee and Wisconsin streets, was sold in 1861, to H, E. Dickinson, who converted it into a billiard room and saloon, for which purpose it was used until 1873, when it was removed to the northeast corner of Broadway and Chicago streets, where it did duty as a carpenter shop unril 1879, when it became so much decayed as to necessitate its demoUtion, thus following its illustrious predecessor into oblivion. Sic transit. OF MILWAUKEE, 287 church edifice, erected in 1865, upon Jefferson street, at an expense (including the ground,) of $35,000, which was dedicated March 13th, 1866, This church is free of debt, a condition that aU our city churches are not in, and the motto now inscribed upon their ban ner, is : to owe no man anything ; a good motto for any one and certainly for a church. This old first church has send out two branches proper; the first organized in 1857, is located in the Universalist church building, southeast corner of Seventh and Spring streets, purchased in 1875, and known as the Second or West Baptist church ; and the second, organized in 1876, located upon the southeast corner of First avenue and Washington streets, and known as the south Baptist church. Both of thfese branches, like the mother, have learned wisdom by experience, and are managing their finances with care, and are pros pering. May their shadows never be less. Seventeen pastors have presided over this old first church, since its organization in 1836, exclusive of the present one ; among whom were several distinguished men, not one of whom remained for any length of tirne. Of these the ablest, as far as pulpit oratory and address were concerned, was the Rev, Geo. M. Stone, now in Hart ford, Conn. This church has a fine organ, and a large Sunday school, and can count among her membership some of the wealthiest men in the city, and is noted for her charities. The present pastor is the Rev. A. J. Mason, from Washington. The First Presbyterian Church. The first Presbyterian church in Milwaukee, the present Immanuel, (I quote from the church manual,) was organized at the old Court House on the 13th of AprU, 1837, by the Rev. Cutting Marsh and Moses Ordway, and consisted originally of eighteen members. The Reverend GUbert Crawford* of Lockport N. Y., was the first pastor in charge. He came in July, 1837, and though never instaUed, continued his services untU the fall of 1839, when he returned to his former charge, *I remember this gentleman well. He was a short, stout-built man, and was lame; I think it was some hip trouble, which made it very hard for him to walk. He lived in the old house now standing on the southwest corner of Fifth and Sycamore streets. 288 pioneer history Mr. Crawford was succeeded by the Rev, Stephen Peet, of Green Bay, who remained untU June, 1841, when he left, and was succeeded by the Rev, Cyrus L, Watson of Rockford, III,, who remained untU the spring of 1842, when he also left, p.nd this Utile forlorn hope was left without a pastor for nearly a year. Up to this time they had held their meetings on the west side of the river, first in a small, one-story frame buUding, (the same .mentioned' in Volume I. page 181,) near the northwest corner of Wells and Second streets, and lastly in the Jas. H. Rogers block, northeast corner of West Water and Spring streets. But in the summer of 1841, they commenced the erection of the building now standing upon the north west corner of MUwaukee and Mason streets, the basement of which was ready for occupation the foUowing autumn, when the work was suspended for the season. Perhaps a few words in relation to the difficulties this litde band of Christians labored under in the erection of this old first church may not be considered inopportune at this point. The ground, ninety feet front, on MUwaukee street, was purchased in 1840 of Hon, Hans Crocker, for $400, by Hon, Asahel Finch, Jr., and so short of funds was Mr, Finch at that time that he was compelled to turn out his watch for one hundred doUars of the purchase money. He also afterwards put four hundred more into the buUding. Some donations of material were made by individuals ; Jas, H. Rogers, a member, gave eight thousand brick, and Geo, Reed, one of the goats, gave forty thousand. They were unable to plaster the basement, and ' the late Wm, Payne, another of the goats, seeing their necessity, told Mr. Finch that if he, (Mr, F,) would provide the lath, no smaU item in those daysj he, Payne, would put them on and plaster the base ment for nothing. And he did.* *William Payne, who was one of our early men, was by birth an Englishman. He was a man of large frame, nearly six feet in height; had a large face and a very flat nose, which gave him a peculiar look. He was an outspoken and fearless man, full of energy and push. He was a rough diamond; he would swear like a trooper, but beneath that rough exterior, lay as warm a heart as ever beat in Mil waukee, He saw that the work must cease unless help came, and, as stated, at once put his broad shoulder to the wheel, and helped to lift it out of the rut into which it had fallen. He never asked for any pay, nor did he expect any. He has gone to the better land, having lived to a good old age, beloved and respected by all who knew him. Peace to his memory. OF MILWAUKEE. 289 Such were some of the difficulties, that were encountered and over come in the erection of this first church edifice. Two more worthy men, both of whom have gone to their rest, also aided in this work, viz : Eliphalet Cramer and Chas. J. Lynde ; but I think it just to Mr. Finch, to say that to him, more than to any one man, were the members of this church indebted for their first place of worship. During this time a caU had been extended to the Rev. A. L, Chapin, now President of Beloit College, then a member of the third New York Presbytery, to preach for them one year. He came June 13th, 1843, was accepted, Ordairted and installed, with the following appropriate ceremonies, January 24th, 1844, the dedication of the new churiih, the auditorium of which had been finished that sum mer, taking place at the same time : Reading the scriptures and prayer by Rev, Mr, Kinney, of Southport; sermon and dedication by Rev. A. L, Chapin, pastor elect. Ordination and instaUation in the evening. Prayer and reading the scriptures by Rev, Mr, Kinney; sermon by Rev, J, J, Miter, of Plymouth church; ordaining prayer by Rev. Mr, Foot, of Racine; right hand of feUowship by Rev, Mr, Sew all; charge by Rev. O, F, Curtis of PrairieviUe; charge to the people by Rev, Mr, Peet; concluding prayer by Rev. Mr. Miner, of PrairieviUe; benediction by the pastor. This building, a cut of which is here given, was originally 40x60. It has been enlarged twice, first in 1847, by an addition of 20 feet to its length, at a cost of $1000 ; and the second time in 1852, at a cost of $3000, This latter improvement was made by the insertion of a transept 40x80, after which it was called the steamboat church by some, on account of the transept giving it somewhat the appearance of one of those comfortable floating palaces, of the olden time,* The contract price, when first built, was $3300, but its entire cost as can be seen, when fuUy completed was about $8000 ; it also had *The author has just learned that this old first church edifice was sold May 25th, 1881, to the Wisconsin Central RaUroad Co, for $33,000, who -B'ill at once remove it, and erect upon its site a large building for a general ofiice. This leaves old St. Peter's, on Martin street, alone; and it can be said of that, as old " Ske- nando," the Seneca chief, said of himself when a century old, that the generation to which he belonged had all ran away and left him. Like those who built it, this old first church has outlived its usefulness, and, like them, must give place for other and more substantial structures. Unless the author is very much mistaken, there is a jug of whisky (put there by Jefferson Kinney in 1843) enclosed in the cornice of that church. 37 290 pioneer history n «;frv^ an additional spire of 40 feet, as seen in the cut, which has been removed by its present owner, surmounted by a weather vane, which is now doing duty upon the central fire station, on Broadway. The architect and buUder was Nathaniel F. Prentiss. Here this congregation remained, except for a short time, whUe their present edifice upon Astor street, was in process of erection, the corner stone of which was laid, with appropriate ceremonies, by the present pastor, August 25th, 1873, and which was completed and dedicated January 3d, 1875. (See church manual.) This buUding, which cost $170,000, is the finest church edifice in the city. It has a fine organ, buUt expressly for it at a cost of $16,000. The present pastor, the Rev. Gideon P. Nichols, was called in February 1871, and entered upon his work as pastor elect, in March following. In 1872 he accepted a caU in fuU and was duly instaUed April 28th, of that year, and stUl continues to break the bread of life to this pioneer church. Mr. Nichols is a rnan of fine culture, a OF MILWAUKEE. 291 sound theologian, and the church under his pastorate has grown to be a power for good. Let us hope that he may be spared, to lead his people for many years to come. ' This church is the mother of aU those who speak the English language, or who hold in any degree to the faith and creed of John Calvin, that were instituted in MUwaukee prior to 1850, as the first members of the present Plymouth, the old north Presbyterian, and the Spring street Congregationalists were at one time, in whole or in part, included within her fold. Hence the name, " The old first church," of which she is justly proud, as she has not only done good work herself, but she has also sent forth branches, which have borne good fruit in great abundance. The north Presbyterian church, which is now again merged in the Immanuel, was organized January 5th, 1849, by a committee of the Presbytery of Milwaukee, consisting of the Rev. Messrs. D. C. Lyon, A. L. Lindsey aiid Jas. M, Buchanan, and consisted at first of 16 members. Silas Chapman and WUUam GUlis were the first elders. A small buUding had been erected the previous summer, northwest corner of Martin and MUwaukee streets, for a chapel, which was in use up to 1855, when the present brick edifice was erected and dedicated. The form of worship practiced by this church was simi lar to the Scotch Presbyterians, i. e., it was rigidly calvinistic. Their first, and I think their last pastor was the Rev. James Buchanan. Among those who have held the office of elder in this church, during its independent existence, besides the two previously mentioned, were WUliam S. Candee, Philetus C. Hale, WilHam P, Lynde and John Ogden. Mr. Buchanan retired in 1870, when the union was formed between the two churches, since which time it has been caUed the Immanuel. The first elders under the new organization were W. P. Lynde, Harvey Curtis, Geo. Tracy and Philetus C. Hale. But now this old first church on MUwaukee street, the nucleus from whence so many of the other churches have been formed, the first real church edifice erected in Milwaukee, is the last but one of the early ones now remaining. The first spiritual home of that powerful organization, now known as the Immanuel Church Congregation, where so many of the present 292 PIONEER history members have been gathered into the fold, and before whose altar so many of the present generation, whose heads are now begin ning to resemble the almond tree, have taken their marriage vows in the long ago ; whose grand old organ gave forth such sweet music, under the plastic fingers of FrankHn J. Ripley, Miss Emily White, E. S. Valentine, Mrs. Menzies and WiUiam DanieU, all of whom have presided at the instrument in their day ; and from whose pulpit the words of the Master have been given to the people by the Revs. Chapin, Town, Spencer, Corning and Nichols, for nearly a generation, resounds with the hammer and saw of the mechanic and the song of mirth ; its basement having been converted into a carriage factory, and its auditorium into a place for social gatherings. Verily, its for mer glories have departed. Of the various ministers who have occupied the pulpit of the old first Presbyterian church on Milwaukee street, in the olden time, the ablest, when learning, executive abUity and pulpit oratory are con sidered, was beyond a question, the Rev. Doctor A. L. Chapin, now President of Beloit College. Young, gifted, eloquent, of a fine physique and pleasing address, with a voice as musical as the voice of spring, gentie in manner, combined with a dignity that always made his presence felt, but which at the same time made every one feel at ease when in his presence, were virtues that made him exceedingly popular with his people. He remained here about eight years, no other preacher up to the time of the erection of the new church, remaining as long. Neither was his dismissal the result of any dis satisfaction, but because he was wanted at Beloit more, and the growth of that institution, under his able management, has fully con firmed the wisdom of the selection. What the church lost in his going, has been repaid four fold, by the intellectual advancement, under his firm hand and teaching, of those who are destined to fiU her pulpit in the coming years. He is one of the few who have not hid their talents under a bushel. May he yet live many years. St. Paul's Episcopal. This church was first regularly organized in Milwaukee in 1838. Services, however, had been held, as stated in Volume I., page 91, in July, 1836. The first pastor was the Rev. John Noble, who preached OF MILWAUKEE, 293 the first sermon (I quote from McCabe,) on Ash Wednesday, 1838, in Dewey's old store, northeast corner of East Water and Wisconsin streets. The first officers were. Doctor J. S, Hewitt and Samuel Wriglit for wardens, and for vestrymen. A, S, Hosmer, Cyrus Hawley, Hans Crocker, Joshua Hathaway and John S, RockweU, Mr. Noble was succeeded, in 1839, by the Rev, Lemuel HuU, as rector, who worked zealously for the Httle church, (whose meetings were at that time held in the old Court House,) untU his death, which occurred in October, 1843- Mr, Hull, whom I remember weU, was a noble man, and in his death not only the church, but the community as weU, suffered a great loss. His successor was the Rev. WUliam Ackerly. St. Paul's church building, northeast corner of Jefferson and Mason streets, was erected in 1844. It is a frame building, purely Gothic in style, and was originally seventy feet in length, by forty in breadth, and cost about $4,500. It has been remodeled, however, untU scarcely a trace of the original building can be -seen; and although, perhaps, a commodious church, is not up to the standard as to style, that the public have the right to expect from so wealthy a congrega tion as meet in it at present. Let us hope that a better and more or namental structure will soon take its place. This church is noted for its enterprise in missionary work and deeds of charity and benevolence. The architect and builder of St. Paul's was Geo. W. Mygatt, and the master masons were Bond & Mason. The plastering was done by the Sivyer Brothers. Universalists' Church,. The first religious service held by this church in MUwaukee was in the old Shepardson store, then standing at what is now No, 376 East Water, in 1841, the Rev. Mr. Harris officiating. His successor was the Rev, Mr. Barnes. Services were held here and at what is known as Kneeland's Block, northwest corner of Second and Spring streets, untU 1843, when a frame building was erected on the northwest cor ner of Broadway and Michigan street, where the NewhaU House now stands, in which the Rev, C. F, LeFevre, from Hudson, N. Y., (yet living,) commenced his labors in MUwaukee. 294 pioneer history The first officers were : T. D, Butier, Moderator ; Clark Shepard son, Treasurer ; Russell Wheeler, Clark Shepardson and WiUiam M. Cook, Trustees. This building (I quote now from McCabe,) was forty-four feet in length, by twenty-eight in width, and eighteen in height. It con tained fifty-four sHps, and cost $1,500, Such, however, was the want of harmony, as well as means, among the few who then composed the congregation, among whom should be mentioned the late Jas. B. Cross, that services were soon discontinued, and the buUding was finally sold in 1852 to the present Summerfield congregation, (then just contemplating an independent organization upon the east side,) for four hundred dollars. Rev. S, C, Thomas being the leading spirit in the movement, and removed to Lot 10, Block 77, Seventh ward, now Nos. 528 and 530 Jackson street, where it was remodeled, and dedicated December ist, and used untU October, 1856, when the present Summerfield church edifice, northwest corner of Van Buren and Biddle streets, being ready for occupancy, it was sold to the Welsh Calvinistic church, who removed it to the southwest corner of Van Buren and Michigan streets, where it was used for several years, when it was sold to Mrs. Mary Shanks, who removed it to what is now No. 118 Michigan street, where it is at present doing duty as a laundry. Such, in brief, is the history of the first Universalist church buUding. Verily, it has had an eventful life, and after aU its wanderings, is likely to be burned up within a block of where it was first erected. But such is life. After the sale of this building to the Summerfield Methodist Con gregation, they were Without a pastor or any place to worship, until 1867, where it was again organized by Geo. Burnham, Clark Shep ardson, Truman H. Judd, John HUes and W. G. Cutler, through whose efforts a brick church was erected upon the southeast corner of Seventh and Spring streets, where they continued to meet for a short time,, when the burden become too heavy for the few who had invested in it, to bear, and the property was sold to the second Bap tist Church Congregation in 1875, by whom it is at present occupied, and the Universalist church has, as far as I know, ceased to have a visible existence in Milwaukee. So endeth the first lesson. of milwaukee. 295 The Unitarian Church. The first Unitarian church organized in MUwaukee, was in 1842, their first minister (I quote now from McCabe,) being the Rev. Wil liam Cushing, from Cambridge, Mass. Their meetings were then held in Shepardson's store, 376 East Water street. Their first trustees were D. W. Bayles, Eli Bates, jr., and John H. Tweedy. Mr. Cushing was succeeded by Rev. WiUiam H. Lord of Ports mouth, New Hampshire. Their first church building was erected in 1843, upon the northwest corner of Spring and Second streets. The architect was George Guile.* This buUding which was a frame, was 58 feet in length by 34 in width and 23 in height, buUt in the Grecian style and cost $2500. It was dedicated by the Rev. Joseph Huntington of Chicago, This building was afterwards sold to the Episcopals who removed it to the old cemetery lot on Spring street, between 8th and 9th streets, where it was used as a Parish school, and finally for a chapel for the present St, James Congregation, untU the erection of their present edifice, and where^ it is yet doing duty as a Parish school house and chapel. This congregation has a fine church on Cass street, erected in 1856, and enlarged in 1857, which cost $8,000. They also have a fine or gan, the gift of Wm. H. Metcalf, Esq., who has been one of the fore most in the buUding up and sustaining this organization. There have been some very able ministers as pastors over this church, notable among whom were the Revs. N. A. and C. A, Sta ples, who labored here for several years, and who were succeeded by the Revs, Gannett and Connors. The present pastor, the Rev. Gus- tavus E. Gordon, is a young man of much abUity, as well as culture. He is an able writer, a logical reasoner, an indefatigable worker, and is doing much good by the decided stand he has taken on the side of the oppressed. This church is noted for its charities, which are exercised regard less of creed, a distinction too often made by some of our churches, and which, when so made, has a tendency to retard the progress of Christian philanthropy. *It was while at work upon this building in 1843, that Mr. Guile was killed by the faUing of a scaffold. I remember him well. 296 pioneer history Congregational. The first Congregational church in MUwaukee (the present Ply mouth,) was organized in the spring of 1841. The idea (I quote now from the sermon of Rev. J. J. Miter, at the quartennary services held in Plymouth church. May 27th and 28th, 1866,) first originated with the late Deacon Robert Love, who, thinking that the Presbyterian collar was a littie too small for his neck, made up his mind that the polity of the old Plymouth Rock chijrch was better suited for the. west, and accordingly went to work to carry his views into effect. Deacon Love was a worker and was not long in enlisting the late Samuel Brown (then a member of the first Presbyterian church,) and his brother Daniel in the enterprise, who were soon joined by some twenty others, among whom was Asahel Finch, jr., who at that time was also a member of the first church, after which, on the 6th of May, an invitation was extended to the Rev. Mr. Curtis of PrairieviUe, to organize them into a church. To this, however, a solemn protest from the first Presbyterian church was entered, upon which a councU was called May 20th, whose decision was in their favor, and the or ganization was effected by the councU, in a school room on the second floor of an ancient building, then standing on West Water street, a littie north of the Fountain House.* Its membership, when fully organized, consisted of nine males and fifteen females.' Their first officers were, for deacons, Samuel Brown, Daniel Brown, Benjamin Moffatt and Robert Love ; stated clerk, A. Finch, Jr. They now began to look about for a pastor, whom they soon found in the person of the Rev. John J. Miter of Knoxville, IU., to whom a caU was extended, which was accepted and who, as stated in the history of 1 841, came \ and preached his first sermon in the old Rogers block, northeast corner of West Water and Spring streets, on the 7th of November i84i,the writer being present on that occasion.t Here this little band remained, growing in numbers daily, until *This building stood on the east side of West Water, a little south of Cedar street. There was a school kept there for a short time in 1840-1. f A permanent lease of this building was obtained early in January, 1842, and the whole upper story thrown into one room, which could not be done sooner on account of the leases held by the previous occupants, including Noonan. There was a great revival there that winter, during which time some ludicrous things occurred in the way of confessions among the newly converted, some of whom, if they told the truth, had been " bad boys." OF MILWAUKEE. 297 the completion of their new church edifice, the corner stone of which was laid, with appropriate ceremonies by the new pastor. May 13th, 1843. This building (I quote now from McCabe,) was of brick, and the first church of that material ever constructed in the city. It was 74 feet in length, by 43 in width and 24 in height. It stood upon the northeast corner of Second and Spring streets ; it fronted on Spring. It was completed that summer, and dedicated January ist, 1844, the installation of the new pastor taking place at the same time. This church had a cupola, in which was a beU weighing 1800 pounds. There were eighty four slips upon the ground floor and fourteen in the gallery. There was a beautiful oil painting back of the pulpit, representing Moses with his right hand resting up on an entablature, containing the scripture quotation : " Unto him shaU the people hearken," his left pointing to the saviour of mankind, whose full length portrait is seen elevated in the distant clouds. This painting was executed by a Mr. JBlair of New York, and covered a space about 12 feet square. I have often gazed upon it with pleasure. It was grand. The architect of this church was Geo, W, Mygatt; the master car penter was Luzerne Ransom ; and the master mason was WUliam Sivyer ; James Murray was the painter. The cost of this building, most of which was borne by Alanson Sweet, who was the only one at that time in possession of sufficient means for such an undertaking, and without whose aid it could not have been accomplished, was $7,500. Here the congregation remained untU 1850, when more room be ing required to accommodate the large and rapidly increasing mem bership, the present Plymouth church edifice,* southeast corner of Milwaukee and Oneida streets, was erected, and the basement finished, into which they removed that fall, the auditorium not being finished untU the following season, after which they sold the old church to a Mr, Cogswell for $3,000, reserving the bell, which was removed to fhe new church. And as the recoUection of the happy days spent under the pater- ''nrhe cornice of the present Plymouth church edifice, as well as nearly all of the cupola, was put on by the author and John Julien. We also fitted and hung the doors and windows. The master carpenter was the late Edwin Palmer; the mas ter mason was WiUiam Sivyer; the architect was Geo. W. Mygatt. 38 298 PIONEER HISTORY nal roof, when a boy, always holds the first place in the memory of the man — if he be a man — so will the recollection of the time spent in that first church always have a warm place in the hearts of the older members of the present Plymouth church, who were most of them "spiritually" born there. These, however, wiU soon aU have passed away, and the memory of that first home live only in history. I cannot close this sketch without offering my humble tribute of love and respect for him whose portrait is here gi-ven and who pre sided over this church for the first fifteen years, the Rev. John J. Miter. In memoriam : There are few ministers in any country, who have left a better record behind them for usefulness, or whose memory is more revered by those who knew him, than is that of the Rev. John J. Miter, one of Milwaukee's earliest and best preachers. He was in every sense fitted for the work of saving souls. He combined a meek and lowly spirit with a will to dare and do for the Master, Plymouth church has had many distinguished men in her pulpit since his time, who have won for themselves a great name as pulpife orators, and who have also done good work, but not one has ever fiUed his place, at least, in the hearts of the early members. And although I have a great respect for them aU, and for some of them a stronger feeling, yet candor compels me to say, that none have ever occupied the warm corner in my heart, that did the Rev. J, J. Miter, neither do I ever pass Plymouth church, even at this late day, without his weU remem bered form passing in review before memory's ever sleepless eye, and in imagination hear his pleasant voice, as of old. He has gone to his reward in that bright world beyond the river, leaving a name that wiU not be forgotten by those who knew him in the olden time. Spring Street Congregationlist. This church was organized February 4th, 1847, by the Rev. O. F. Curtis of Waukesha. A preliminary meeting for consultation had been held on the 27th of January, (I quote now from their church manual,) which was adjourned to February 4th, when the organiza tion, as stated, was effected. The foUowing were those who consti tuted this church, when first organized : Rev. Otis F. Curtis, Mrs. Martha W, Curtis, Ashei W. Curtis, Robert Love, Mrs. Martha Love, David McDugald, Mrs. Minerva McDugald, Geo. Barber, Mrs. ;?- .¦f^.'^ 4^Y^ OF MILWAUKEE. 299 Hannah Barber, Otis Sprague, Samuel C. NewhaU, Mrs. Mary B. Newhall, Elisabeth S. Newhall, William Morrison, Mrs. EUen Mor rison, H. H. Briggs, Mrs. Electa Briggs, Frederick W. Westhover, Mrs. Phebe Westhover, Mrs. Anna E. Breed, William Trumbull and Cornelia Eames ; eleven males and eleven females. There were also sixteen, one half of whom were males and heads of families, that united before the close of the year. The principal cause that led to the formation of this new church, was slavery, an institution for which those whose names have been given as its founders, had a feeling of abhorrence, which, on account of the weak backs of most of the members of the MUwaukee churches of that day, they could not openly express ; and another motive was, to have -a free church, (a desideratum never accomplished yet.) But their abhorrence of slavery was the main cause, as a proof of which I have inserted the resolutions adopted at their organ ization : Resolved, That Slavery being a great sin against God and man, a public out rage on human rights, the duty, safety and interests of the whole country require its immediate abolition. Resolved, That duty requires of all the churches, institutions and benevolent associations in any way connected with or affected by Slavery, in the name of the Lord of Hosts, to lift up the standard against it. Resolved, That we wiU not receive into this church of Christ, nor invite to the communion table or pulpit, such persons as are guilty of slaveholding, or who take sides with oppression. This was pretty strong language, and brought no littie odium, as the writer weU remembers, upon this church, for a number of years, but it was the true doctrine nevertheless, and some of this feariess Htde band, who had the courage to take such a step, have lived to see the right triumph, and their doctrine become the law of the land, although it took a fearful "baptism of blood" to accomplish it. Their first Board of Trustees, elected December i8th, 1848, were E. D. Holton, D. McDugald, S. C. NewhaU, Edwin Palmer and Avery HUl. A special charter was obtained from the Legislature, March 31st, 1856, under which the society was organized AprU, 13th, 1858. Their first places of worship were in private dwellings, but in R 8 they erected the buUding, known as the free church, on Broad- 300 PIONEER HISTORY way, where the present central fire station now stands, which they commenced to occupy in 1849, and where they remained untU the spring of 1852, when they removed to the old first Congregational church, corner of Second and Spring streets, where they remained for six months under a lease, after which they purchased the property of Mr. CogsweU for $4000. Here they remained until the spring of 1854, when they sold the property to the Spring Street Methodist Congregation, who had just lost their church by fire, and purchased the site of their present build ing, southwest corner of Spring and Sixth streets, upon which they at once commenced the erection of their present building, the basement of which was ready for occupation September 27th, 1857. The au ditorium was finished and dedicated January 13th, 1859. The buUd ing and ground cost over $30,000. This church retained its original name, the Free Congregational Church, until AprU 7th, 1852, that being the time when the arrangements were made to occupy the buUding on the corner of Spring and Second streets, when it was changed to the Spring Street Congregational Church. This church lias always been Congregational in its polity, but for the promotion of Christian harmony, has now become a part of the Wisconsin Presbytery. Its first deacons were Robert Love and Fred erick H. Westhover. Their first pastor was the Rev. Mr. Curtis, who remained one year. He was succeeded by the Rev. Wm. L. Parsons, who came in July, 1848, and left in May, 1850. He was succeeded by the Rev. Geo. W. Bassett, who came in October, 1850, and left in May, 1851. Rev. J. Wilson was the next victim. He came in January, 1853, and left in AprU, 1854, when, as stated, they sold their church to the Methodists, after which regular service was suspended untU the com pletion of the present building, when the Rev.Wm. DeLoss Love was called, and installed February 2d, 1858. Such, in brief, is the history of this church, now known as the Grand Avenue Congregational Church. Mr. Love remained untU 1871, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Geo, T. Ladd, who re mained until 1879, when he was succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. Geo. H. Ide. They have a fine organ, and the finest audito rium, except Immanuel, in the city. OF MILWAUKEE, 301 The old first church on Broadway, erected in 1848, was subse quently occupied by the primary department of the MUwaukee City University; also in 1850 by Prof, Amasa Buck, (the author's father,) as the MUwaukee CoUegiate Institute, after which it was converted into a hook and ladder house, for the use of the fire department. It was also used as a soup house for the poor in the winter of 1858-9 ; and finally, on the erection of the present central fire station, sold to R. G, Owens, who removed it to the foot of Michigan street, where it is now doing duty as a boarding house and laundry, and known as Nos. 239 and 241 Michigan street. Methodist Episcopal. This famous church, whose ministers have always worn the Protest ant pioneer belt, was the first to break the bread of Hfe to the spirit ually hungry Protestants in MUwaukee, their first service being held in the log house of Doctor Chase, as stated in Volume L, page 24, in May, 1835 ; Bishop Clark, who was passing through the place, offici ated. Meetings were also held occasionally during that and the following year, in private houses, the preacher being the Rev. WUliam S. Crissy, who (I quote now from Doctor Miller.*) had been sent to Milwaukee. Their first quarterly meeting -was held January Sth and 9th, 1837, at which time Joseph K. Lowry was converted, the first convert in the place. The church proper was organized July 22d, 1837, Elah Dibble acting as Chairman, and WiUiam A. Kellogg Secretary. Their first Trustees were Elah Dibble, David Worthington, W. A. Kellogg, Lev eret S. Kellogg, J. K. Lowry, Jared Thompson and Joseph E. Howe. This was the origin of what is now known as the Spring Street Church. Their first place of worship was the little frame buUding on the southeast corner of East Water and Huron streets, built in 1837. Their next was a one-story frame, erected in 1841, at what is now Nos. 430 and 432 Broadway.t It was dedicated May 28th, 1841, by Elder Field. Here they remained until the erection of their brick *There was one sister. (Sister Hiram Farmin,) long since passed away, whom Doctor Miller has evidently forgotten to put in his book. She made the first prayer I ever heard in Wisconsin, in February, 1837. She was a real old. fash ioned Methodist, of the shouting kind, and one of the best women I ever knew. -(-This building stood originally with the end to the street. It has been turned around and a story added, and is now known as the old Larrabee House. 302 PIONEER HISTORY church, northwest corner of West Water and Spring streets, erected in 1844, and dedicated January 21st, 1845. This building was sev enty-two feet in length, by fifty-two in width, and, including base ment, thirty-five in height. It contained one hundred and two pews or slips, and cost $8,000. This was a fine building for those days. I remember it weU, and have attended service there often,* Here they remained untU January 14th, 1854, when the church was partly destroyed by the fire that occurred ia J. H. Tesch's drug store, in the basement, after which the ground was sold to Geo. F. Austin, who erected all or part of the present block. The destruc tion of this church was a serious loss, and ultimately led to a division of the property and the formation of Summerfield church, by those living upon the East side, the nucleus to which, as previously stated in the sketch of the Universalist society, had already been formed upon Jackson street. Those who remained then purchased the brick building, corner of Spring and Second streets, of the second Congre gationalist, as previously stated, and where they remained untU July 4th, 1 86 1, when that was also destroyed by the same fire that burned the American house and several other buUdings, leaving them once more without a home. It was subsequently rebuUt and occupied un tU 1872, when the present edifice was erected, at the southwest corner of Spring and Fifth streets, at a cost of $60,000, including the ground. The basement, which was finished that season, was dedicated October 8th, and the auditorium two years later, the author officiating as organistjt one of his own compositions being used upon that occa sion. This church has had many able pastors, the most renowned of whom was Rev. Doctor Samuel Fallows, the present Bishop of the Free Episcopalian Church of Chicago. The present pastor. Rev. Mr. Stein, is a very able man and has a large congregation. They have a fine organ, that, under the manipulations of Miss Jenny Palmer's *It was in this church that the monk Leheay attempted to deliver his lecture against Catholicism, April 6th, 1851, upon which occasion the meeting was broken up by a mob, I was at this meeting, and shall not soon forget the excitement there was among those present, for a short time. It was an outrageous attack upon the freedom of speech, but I believe nothing was ever done about it. The house was also badly damaged, I helped seven women out of the window upon that occasion, fThe author was organist of this church for eight years and six months, during which he was absent but one Sabbath. OF MILWAUKEE, 303 cultured fingers, gives out sweet music. This ohurch' is the leading one among the Methodist in the city, and is noted for its charities. There was also a one story frame buUding, erected mostly at the expense of Daniel Waite, then a licensed exhorter, upon the north west corner of Reed and Pierce, in 1847, a smaU class having been formed there in 1845, under Father Walker, consisting of Mrs. Osmond BaUey, Mrs, Stewart, Mrs. James Warren, Mrs, Almena Waite, Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Waite and Minard S, Vielie, This building was afterwards removed to the corner of Grove and Virginia streets, where it was subsequently burned.* ¥:i'i^''':'^.^*\'^'4''; lyy (The cut of the present Immanuel Church was received too late to be placed in the body of the chapter, and for that reason is inserted here.) Such is a brief history of the formation of the early churches, and *I see it is stated in the manual of Summerfield'^church that this building was erected in 1850, This is not true. This building was erected in 1847, ^s stated above. 304 PIONEER HISTORY of the erection' of the first church buUdings, imperfect I know, but nevertheless, perhaps not wholly worthless. As I look back to the time when these pioneer buUdings were in use, and think of the changes that have taken place, both temporal and spiritual, in their congregations, since that time, memory again asserts her kingdom, and many faces, as well as forms, that -have long since returned to the dust from whence they came, pass like a pano- orama in review before me. What scenes have these old buildings witnessed in the long ago I What vows to lead a belter life have been made in them, often only to be broken again at the first oppor- tuhity ! What confessions of sins committed, some of which, if true, should have been made to God only ! But man is a weak mortal at the best, and easily led astray; neither does he ever fully realize his own weakness. How aptly the beauti ful passage from Young's " Night Thoughts," iUustrates this fact : At thirty, man suspects himself a fool; Knows it at forty, and reforms his plan. At fifty chides his infamous delay. Pushes his prudent purpose to resolve, • In all the magnanimity of thought. Resolves, and re-resolves, then dies, the same. Many incidents have occurred in these early churches, some laugh able and some pathetic, one of which, that transpired in the littie Reed street buUding, in whioh Brother Vielie was a prominent actor, I will relate, as an iUustration of what some of these early Methodists could do when they really set themselves about it. A few of us were gathered there one evening in 1849, during the pastorate of Rev. WilHam Willard, who was at that time in charge of the little mission (for it was in reality nothing else,) during a revival then in progress, and among whom was Brother Vielie.* There was a space each side of the littie desk pulpit, about eight feet square, with a seat around three sides, in one of which, the north one, brother Vielie and a young man, whose name I have forgotten, were the only occupants, brother Vielie sitting next the aisle. Sud denly, without a word being spoken, he arose, dropped upon his knees and commenced to pray, low at first, his voice being scarcely audible ; *Brother Vielie was a tinsmith, and was in the employ of the late Gideon P. Hewitt for several years. OF MILWAUKEE. 305 he soon got warmed up, and began to pound his seat and shout in true old camp meeting style, and in order to make his points more im pressive, he would raise himself by his hands, six inches or more, from the floor, and come down again, at least as many, to one side from where he went up, with a thud that would fairly make the win dows rattle. His first move brought him in contact wUh the young man sitting by him, who, not wishing to cramp the brother, who by that time had steam weU up, and was making thirty-two evolu tions to the minute, metaphorically speaking, of course moved along, thinking no doubt, that he would not again be disturbed. But in this he was mistaken, for brother Vielie never stopped moving or praying, until he had travelled the three sides of that square, the young man keeping just a little ahead of him, and watching every move with a curious expression upon his countenance, indicating that he enjoyed it, untU he reached the pulpit, when being unable to move any farther, be got up, stepped out, and took a seat in one of the sHps, giving brother Willard, however, who had also been watch ing the show with no Httle curiosity, a look as he did so, which said plainly enough : " he has raised me out, look out for him." Vielie's next move brought him also square up against the pulpit with a shock that started him the other way again, neither did he stop pray ing or moving, until he had reached the point from whence he started, having traveUed at least forty-eight feet in this manner inside of five minutes. This singular performance of brother Vielie, was watched by the congregation present with no Httle interest, particularly, as when about half way back, he began to show evident signs of fatigue, and as he turned the last quarter post and started down the home str^ch, the betting became quite lively among the sporting fraternity, (a few of whom were present,) as to whether his wind would hold out untU he reached the goal. He came in however, all right, but badly blown. If this prayer had been as lengthy as are some of the morning invocations in our churches, and the same movement been continued in a direct line to the south, it would have taken brother Vielie out of the city Hmits before it was done. This incident, which has not been related out of a spirit of levity, is strictly true and can be proven, 39 306 PIONEER HISTORY as there are several yet living, besides myself, who were present upon that occasion. But I wUl say a more ridiculous performance was never witnessed by me, inside of a church, but once, which was in the little church, corner of Huron and East Water in 1840, when Brother Johnson snuffed the candles. Brother VieUe is now living upon a farm at Sheboygan FaUs, I have often thought, while listening to the prayers made at these meetings, of a simUar character to the one made upon this occasion by Brother Vielie, how utterly senseless, as weU as ridiculous and even hypocritical, they are. First, usuaUy the petititioner starts off with a premise, in which he confesses to being the chief of sinners, followed by the postulate that if he (the petitioner,) had h.ad justice done him, he would have been in heU long ago ; which may all be true, but if the same statement had been made by any one else, a suit for slan der would no doubt have been the result ; after which he goes on with the old, stereotyped, meaningless rhodomontade, in which he asks the Lord for blessings he does not expect to get, and to have things done that, if done, would have scared him out of his boots. Is there any dignity or solemnity, I ask, connected with such a per formance as this ? Is it honest, or even respectful to the being we caU God ? Is there no distinction in crime ? Is every man or woman who makes such a prayer, a murderer ? Are all men equally sinful ? Does any sane person suppose that the petitioner is honest, when he makes such a public admission of his own vUeness ? Does he expect to be beUeved ? Does he wish to be ? Certainly not. He knows it is not true. I cannot repress a feeling of shame and pity, as I listen to such effusions, and I have listened to hundreds of them. I do not wish to be understood as having no reverence for prayer, for I have, when offered in a proper manner. But for that sort of prayer, I have none. Prayer is the burden of a sigh. The falling of a tear. The upward glancing of an eye. When none but God is near. The First School, The first school ever taught in Milwaukee, was upon the East side, in the summer of 1834, the school house being Albert Fowler's office, OF MILWAUKEE. 307 the Httie buUding spoken of in Volume L, as having been erected partly on what is now East Water street, and removed when the street was opened, to the southwest corner of East Water and Wis consin streets, now No. 399 East Water ; the only scholars being the the children of Solomon Juneau and perhaps those of his brother Peter. The teacher was Doctor Heth, who afterwards moved to Racine. He simply gave a lesson occasionally, as he had time, or the young bedouins who composed the school, were wiUing to receive it. I think, (but am not certain,) that a Miss Cleaveland, from Chicago, who visited MUwaukee in the summer of 1835, was also employed by Mr. Juneau as a teacher in-his family, for a short time. I find it stated ih Volume V. of state historical pubHcations, page 336, that a school was also kept upon the East side in the winter of 1835, one block south of Wisconsin street, by David Worthington, after wards a Methodist preacher. This school was said, by Mrs. R. W. Pierce, a daughter of Paul Burdick, who attended it, to have been kept in a small frame building, (or shanty,) standing upon the south west corner of East Water and Michigan streets. There is certainly a mistake here as to the year. There was no buUding upon that side of East Water street, below Michigan street, in 1835, except one two story frame building, erected by a Mr, Winslow for a grocery, which stood at what is now 335 East Water, and a small rough board shanty, built by Matthew Cawker, at what is now No, 329 East Water street, (puUed down in 1836,) both of which were overlooked in the history of 1835, in Volume L, and in which Mr. Cawker kept a doggery.* It did not claim to be a house, and there certainly was no school kept in either of these buildings in 1835, neither were there any children to go to school except Juneau's, as neither Holmes, U. B, Smith, G. D. Dous man, WUliam or Henry Sivyer, A. O. T. Breed or Albert Fowler had at ¦'This was a "doggery as was a doggery," one drink of Matt's whisky being sufficient to make a man ready to murder his grandmother, or steal the commu nion service out of a church. It was made of highwines, tan bark, stubs of cigars to give it a body, and a little strychnine to give it a bead ! Nice liquor, that was — regular "busthead." Henry Sivyer relates the drinking of a glass there, in June, 1835, that had such an effect upon him, that for the next four hours he was unable to tell whether he was Daniel in the lion's den, " Heeshick," (Shadrach,) "Two- shick," (Meschach,) and " to bed they went," (Abednego,) in the fiery furnace, or Captain Kidd, -'as he sailed." Neither is he certain now that he did not commit some act of piracy among the rich, lumber-laden argosies then lying in the bay, and bury the treasure upon the banks of the raging Milwaukee, while under its influ ence. Matt, atterwards had a saloon nearly opposite the present Kirby. 308 PIONEER HISTORY that time any chUdren. AU the thirty-five men whom I have conversed with, Morgan L. Burdick included, unite in saying that no school was kept on the East side, in 1835, but that in 1836 there was one kept by David Worthington, which was beyond a question the first public school (so called,) ever kept on that side, under the Michigan school law. Mr. Worthington was an old classmate of the author, at the University at Norwich, Vermont, in 1832 and '33, then in charge of the late Prof. Amasa Buck, and I remember seeing him here in the winter of 1836, and recoUect distinctly that he did keep a school that winter. He was a native of Vermont. I think he has been dead several years. There was a school kept in the littie Methodist church, southeast corner of East Water and Huron streets, in 1837, the teacher being a Miss Church, (now Mrs. C. C. OHn, of Waukesha,) and which was continued in 1838. EU Bates, Jr., also taught the young idea how to shoot in the old court house, in 1838 and possibly earlier. These schools, as far as can be ascertained, were sustained wholly by private expense, as there was then no pubHc money for that purpose. West Side. The first school held on the West side, was in the winter of 1836, and one term in 1837, in a small two story frame building,* erected by Geo. GuUe, at what is now 371 Third street. The teacher was Edward West, now Uving at Appleton. This is claimed by Mr. West to be the first public school kept in the then territory of Wisconsin as then organized, under the Michigan school law. This law, which was enacted in 1827, provided that every town having over fifty famUies, should support by tax, a com mon school. But this law was so changed when adopted in Wiscon sin as to provide, that so soon as twenty families were settied in a town, they should elect three Commissioners of Common Schools, whe should hold their ofiice for three years, whose duty it should be to lease the shool lands, and apply the proceeds for the payment of teachers, lay off districts and call school meetings. It also provided that each district should elect three directors, to hold their office for one year, whose duty it was to locate school houses, hire teachers, *This building is now known as No. 477 Third street. OF MILWAUKEE. 309 and levy taxes for the support of the schools. This tax was levied pro rata on the attendance of pupils. Five inspectors, (a third set of officers) were elected annually, whose duty it was to inspect the schools, and examine the teachers. In 1839 this law was stiU further amended, by making every town with ten families a school district, and with more than ten families two districts ; the inspectors to take charge of the school houses, lease and protect the school lands and make returns of the number of scholars, to the commissioners. Trustees in each district might be elected, and who could perform the duties assigned to the in spectors. The rateable system of taxation was repealed and a tax for buUding school houses and to support schools, not to exceed one- fourth, of one per cent, was levied in lieu thereof, by the county commissioners, upon the whole county. Further amendments were made in 1840 and '41, one of which was the restoring the office of town commissioners, which had been dropped in 1839, and assigning to them the duty of inspectors. It also gave more complete directions for the formation of school dis tricts, making five officers in each district, viz : clerk, coUector and three trustees. It was under this law that all the inspectors and other officials were appointed or elected, prior to the adoption of the city charter in 1846. The first inspectors were Doctor Enoch Chase and WilHam Clark, in 1835. The first commissioners were Samuel Brown, Samuel Sanborn and James H. Rogers, appointed in 1837, and for inspectors Jacob M. Rogers, William Burdick and Elihu Higggins ; and in 1840 S. W. Dunbar and WUliam Brown. Jr., were elected Commissioners. In 1842 Albert Jones, I. A. Lapham and S. W. Dunbar were elected. In 1843 Wm. P. Lynde, John A. Messenger and Patrick Flynn were elected. In 1844 Osbert E. Messenger, James Magone and Cyrus Hawley were elected. In 1845 Geo. A. Tiffany, HubbeU Loomis and Moses Kneeland were elected. Thus it wiU be seen that a full and complete system for the forma- 310 PIONEER HISTORY tion and protection of the common schools, was inaugurated at an eariy day, and aU that was lacking to make it effective, was the avaUs of the school lands, from which nothing could be realized except in a few isolated cases irom leasing them, untU after the adoption of the state constitution. But to return. The first school house erected on the West side, was in 1836 ; it stood near Cherry street, upon the west side of Fourth street ; it was a one story frame, and is now used for a private school and dweUing by the Rev. Asmos Diedrickson and known as 460 Fourth street. A school was also kept in 1838, '39 and '40, on the West side, in a smaU frame building standing upon the east side of West Water street, a littie south of Cedar. The teacher was Nelson Searles. A Miss Nancy Hinman also had a school for girls, in the old yellow house on the corner of Wells and Second streets, in 1840 and '41. This is the same building spoken of in the chapter on churches, as the one where the Presbyterians held their first meetings. South Side. The first school on the South side was kept in the house of Daniel Keltner, on the northeast corner of Florida and Greenbush streets, in the 'winter of 1836. The teacher was EH Bates, Jr., now a Chicago mUHonaire. This building is yet standing. In the summer of 1837 it was kept in a smaU frame dweUing, erected by John Corbin, on the northwest corner of Hanover and Virginia streets. The teacher was a Miss Paddock from New York. In 1838 a school was kept in the old Dunbar house, where the Fifth ward public school building now stands, the teacher being Miss Zilpha B. Trowbridge, which was continued in 1839. The first school house buUding erected on the South side, was up on lots II and 12, block loi, in the summer of 1842.* It was buUt mostly by private subscriptions. The builder was rtie late Stoddard H. Martin. This building was in constant use up to 1850, when it was sold to Daniel Waite for $100, who removed it directly across the block to Walker street, where it was used for a chapel for several *There is some little doubt, as well as a little dispute whether this building was erected in 1841 or '42, My own recollection would place it 1841, and I was one of the party that built it, and in the absence of documentary proofs, should have placed it there. But it certainly was not later than 1842, OF MILWAUKEE. 311 years, by him and others, after which it was removed to the south east corner of First avenue and Park streets, where it is yet doing duty as a shop and dweUing, and known as No. 270 First avenue. There was also a private school kept in Doctor Hubbell Loomis, office, on Florida street, by Miss Loomis, now Mrs, H, K, Edgerton of Oconomowoc, in 1842 and '43, and perhaps earlier. Miss ZUpha B. Trowbridge also taught in the Keltner house for a short time in 1841, and in the Dunbar house untU the new school house was finished in 1842, She also had charge of the Fifth ward school proper, for a few months. Up to this time I find no record of a levy of taxes for school pur poses. That there was money raised is certain, but I think it was by subscription mostly, as the amount to be obtained from the leasing of school lands would have been largely inadequate, and, as will yet be seen, was perhaps never coUected, if levied. High Schools. The first high school in Milwaukee appears to have been estabUshed in 1841, May 10th, by a Mr. Chas. Whipple, in the old Court House, for boys only, and appears to have been the first graded school opened. Miss ZUpha B, Trowbridge having charge of the intermediate depart ment, and Miss N, E, Trowbridge of the primary. The people (I quote now from Miss Trowbridge,) supposed the school to be free, and consequently, when caUed upon for pay, withdrew Uheir children. Mr. Whipple then opened a private school for boys, in the base ment of the Presbyterian church, and Miss Trowbridge continued at the Court House for some six months longer, when objections being made to having the Court House used for a school, it was given up, and, as previously stated. Miss T. returned to the south side. A school for girls was also opened in 1841, August 23d, by the Rev. Lemuel HuU. A private school was also opened in September, 1842, at vi^hat is now 398 East Water street, up stairs, for instruction in the languages, by W. lUies; tuition 37^^ cents per week, payable weekly in advance. This man was a deadbeat, and soon lelt, a lot of unpaid bills being the only proofs that he had ever been here. He went to Buffalo. A private school was also opened in April, 1842, in a little frame 312 PIONEER HISTORY buUding standing at that time where Plymouth church does now, by Morgan L. Skinner, with thirteen pupils, which was continued until • September, when he was invited by the School Commissioners to take charge of the public school, then partly organized in the old Court House, which he did. His first assistant was Chas. L. Chap- pell, of New York ; then Miss L. J. Turner, afterwards Mrs. F. J Blair, became his assistant. An academy was also opened by Joel W. Hemmenway, in the Presbyterian church, in 1843, which was nothing more than Mr. Whipple's school changing hands ; and one in the Methodist church, on Broadway, by S. J. McComas.* A Miss Taylor also opened a select school in 1846 on Jefferson street, for girls, and there was one for boys on the west side, in the Baptist hall, Birchard's block, by J. Irving, Miss Turner being his assistant. Percival C. MiUett, " ex-sizor "t of Dublin CoUege, kept the Mil waukee Academy, a few doors north of the MUwaukee House (old Free church,) in 1846. There may possibly have been other private schools prior to 1844, but if so, I have no knowledge of them. The first effort that seem to have been made by the Com.mission- ers to organize districts and erect buildings upon the east sidej appears the Sentinel ol March 9th, 1842, in a caU for a meeting at the Mil waukee House on the 12th, for the purpose of taking action: First. To divide the district then comprising all the East ward. Second. To build a school house. Third, To elect officers. Fourth, To raise money for school purposes. This call was signed by Clinton Walworth, Clerk. I can find no report of the proceedings had at this meeting, but as the school in the Court House was kept up, I presume some action was taken. The following article, copied from the MUwaukee Sentinel of July 24th, 1844, would go to show, that no very decided action could have been taken at the meeting of March 12th, 1842, or that if there was, it had not been carried into effect. The article is headed -"This gentleman's successor appears to have been a Mr. Millett, in 1846. fl suppose he got this title on account of his extra size. of milwaukee. 313 Schools. How does it happen that there is no district school in the East ward, and w-hy have the authorities so long neglected to buUd a district school house ? There is not, to our knowledge, a district school house within the corporate limits of Mil waukee, This fact is a positive disgrace to our citizens. It either shows an un pardonable heedlessness on the part of our citizens on the subject of education, or an impHed wish to keep the chUdren of the less wealthy classes in ignorance, which is no less criminal. We understand that an appropriation of $2,000 was made at the last town meeting, April 1844, to defray the expense of employing teachers, and that in addition to this sum, there was $400 appropriated for this purpose last year, which remains unexpended. This sum, if properly expended, wotdd go far towards defraying the expense of a school in each district, the whole year. In other districts we presume that the citizens have availed themselves of the sums appropriated, and have good schools during the year, while in this ward we have not had a district school since last winter. The consequence of this is, that the many children whose parents are unable to pay for sending them to the private schools, are kept from receiving an education, and are growing up in ignorance. What becomes ofthe school money which of right belongs to this district, and for what purpose is it expended ? Prompt and immediate action can alone repair the great error that has been committed in allowing the best part of the summer to pass without having a school in the East ward, where all the children might receive the advantges of an education. It is plain from this article that nothing had been done, up to that time, about the erection of a district school building in the East ward. It was easy enough to appropriate money, but another thing to col lect it, in those days, when one doUar cost more than ten do now ; neither was there, as far as I know, any public school buildings erect ed until 1849. Schools were taught in the old free Congregational church on Broadway, and other places, up to as late as 1849 and perhaps 1850. The statement that there was no school building within the corpor ate limits was untrue, for, as already stated, there was one in both the West and South wards. That there was not sufficient school facili ties at that time, to accommodate aU the children, was true. The three wards were too busy in those days, trying to cut each others throats, to pay much attention to schools. The spirit of jealousy that existed at that time, was all buried, however, with the old trustee system, and no city, (Boston excepted,) can boast of better 40 314 PIONEER HISTORY public schools to-day, than Milwaukee, Her people appreciate their benefit and power and are determined to sustain them. First Public School Buildings, The first public school buUdings, proper, erected in MUwaukee, were of brick and erected in 1849, by John A. Messenger, under a contract with the city; one in the Fifth ward, on the northwest corner of Virginia and Greenbush streets, pulled down long ago ; one in the First ward, on the northwest corner of Van Buren and Division streets, puUed down in 1880 ; one in the Sixth ward, on Fourth street, between Cherry and Galena, yet standing ; one in the Fourth ward, on the northwest corner of Eighth and Sycamore, yet standing, but rebuUt in part, and one in the Third ward, on the northeast corner of Jackson and Detroit streets, pulled down and rebuUt three years ago. These were the first public school buildings erected in MUwaukee. Such is a brief sketch of the early efforts made to teach the young idea how to shoot, in MUwaukee. But its growth has been marvelous. Neither is there any city in the West that can boast of better schools, or better school buildings, than can the Cream City, And that she may always hold this proud position, is to be greatly desired. Our public schools are the " national head lights," and without them we should soon return to the dark ages. Keep these lights burning, gentiemen school commissioners, and the country is safe. Let us hope that no narrow minded policy wUl ever prevent it, and that sec tarianism wUl never get her deadly grip upon them, for if she does their Hght wiU soon go ont forever. The Pioneer Association. The organization of the MUwaukee County Pioneer Association, which was formed wholly out of the membership of the Old Settiers Club, was the result of a desire on the part of a majority of the older members Of that club, to have two separate and distinct organiza tions. The first, or the Old Settiers' Club proper, so called, to be perpetuated by the sons of the pioneers ; while the real pioneer club would in the course of one or two decades at the farthest, in the natural course of events, become extinct. And in order to bring this about, the following caU was drawn up (by the author) and pre sented to the members for signature, in May, 1879, OF MILWAUKEE. 315 Pioneer Association. Are you in favor of forming a new club, composed wholly of men who settled here prior to January 1st, 1844; to be organized when twenty or more names shall have been signed, and to die out when all the signers are gone; the initia tion fee to be five dollars, and the annual dues five, with an annual dinner to be paid for out of the general fund; no one to be admitted after January ist, 1880 ? If so, please sign this call. This caU having been signed by forty-two of the old members, the notice was issued for a meeting, to be held on the 13th of November, 1879, in the office of the Northwestern National Insurance Co., Mitchell's building, at which the following named persons were present : Wm. A. Prentiss, Enoch Chase, J. S, Buck, A, L. Boynton, Wm, S, Trow bridge, Joseph Cary, R, D, Jennings, Rev, David Keene, F, Wardner, E, S, Estes, Geo. Abert, Daniel Schultz, Alex. Mitchell, Wm. P. Merrill, and E, A, Calkins, Wm, P. Merrill, Chairman; E. A. Calkins, Secretary. The following were the officers elected at this meeting : President — Wm. A. Prentiss. Vice Presidents — John H. Tweedy, Wm. P. Merrill and George Abert. Executive Committee — Alex. Mitchell, Harrison Ludington, Enoch Chase, John B, MerrUl and Matthew Keenan. Secretary and Treasurer — Chauncey Simonds. Marshal — ^Jas. S, Buck. At the meeting in July, 1880, the foUowing were elected : President — Alex, Mitchell, Vice Presidents — Old ones re-elected. Executive Committee — H. Ludington, Enoch Chase, John B. Merrill, Matthew Keenan and William Fink. Secretary and Treasurer — Chauncey Simonds. Marshal— ]as. S, Buck, The foUowing is the constitution adopted at this meeting : Article i. This association shall be called and known as the Early Pioneer Association of Milwaukee, Art, 2, All male persons with families, and also all males who were unmar ried at the time of settlement, and who reached the age of fifty years previous to Jauuary Ist, 1879, and are of good standing in the community, who actually be came residents of MUwaukee county previous to January ist, 1844, shall be eligi ble to membership in this Pioneer Association, on a compliance with its provisioris. Art, 3. The officers of the Association shall be a President, three Vice Presi dents, a Secretary and Treasurer, and Marshal, to be chosen annually by baUot, 316 PIONEER HISTORY who shall hold their office for one year; also an Executive Committee of five members. Art, 4. The organization of the Association shall take place immediately after twenty names of the early pioneers are signed to the constitution, on notice given for the meeting. Art, 5, The membership fee is hereby fixed at five dollars, and the annual dues at five dollars. Art. 6, An annual banquet shall be held by the members at such times as may be fixed upon by the Executive Committee, the expense of which shall be paid for out of the funds of the Association, or by voluntary contributions of each mem ber ofthe Association, Art. 7. The President of the Association shall preside at all meetings, if pres ent, and in his absence, the 'Vice Presidents, in the order in which they are named at the election. Art, 8, The bills for all expenditures of the Association shall be examined by the Executive Committee, and if found properly charged, shall be referred to the President, who shall draw on the Treasurer for the amount due. Art, 9. The annual meeting of the Association shall be held on the 4th day of July in each year, due notice of which shall be given to thq members by the Secretary, Art, 10. The Secretary, Treasurer and Marshal are hereby required to report annually to the Association the condition of the treasury; such report to contain statements of all receipts and expenditures. Art, II. Honorary members may be admitted on the recommendation of the Executive Committee, on such terras as the Association may direct. Art, 12, Proper books shall be provided for a record of this constitution and the signatures of persons who may become members of the Association, and from and after the 1st day of January, A, D, 1880, the book for membership shall be closed, and thereafter no more names shall be added thereto, unless by a vote of two-thirds of the members at some special or annual meeting. At the meeting July 4th, 1880, the constitution was amended by changing the time for holding the annual election, from July 4th, to February 2 2d, and that from and after that date the election of ofiicers and the annual banquet shaU be held at the same time. The following are those who signed the constitution of this asso ciation, with date of their settlement : Harrison Ludington Nov, 3, 1838. William A. Prentiss.. .June 23, 1836, Daniel WeUs, Jr., July 27, 1835, Matthew Keenan June 5, 1837, John B. MerriU Sept. 20, 1837. Frederick Wardner Nov.io, 1836, Clark Shepardson Sept. 20, 1838, I. P. Tichenor July 6, 1839. Richard G. Owens Oct. 10,1837, James Smith Buck Jan, 17,1837 Joseph Cary Apnl20, 1836. Chauncey Simonds April28,i842 OF MILWAUKEE. 317 David Ferguson Dec. 20, 1840. Wm. P. MerriU April 2, 1836, Alex. MitcheU May 28, 1839 David Keene 1842 E. W. Edgerton Nov. 2, 1835 Charles H. Larkin Sept. 20, 1836, Edgar C. Jennings May 25, 1843, E. S. Estes June 20, 1835 Duncan C. Reed July 8, 1841 E. S, Stone Sept. 15, 1842 Alonzo L. Boynton Sept. 29, 1840 John H, Tweedy Oct,, 1836, B, R, Hinkley* Edward Wiesner Dec, 18, 1835 John Ogden Sept, 14, 1835 Henry Sivyer Oct. 28, 183S Andred E. Elmore April, 18 Elisha Starr April 20, 1836, 'Victor Schulte Nov. 10, 1841 M. L.Trowbridge Oct, 11, 1836 Samuel Marshall* 1847 Rapidly wiU this Httle band fall, from this time out. There will not probably be twenty of them left in ten years. At each annual dinner the number wUl be less, until all the generation of m,en who broke the ground in Milwaukee shall have passed away, and history alone shall record their labors. In Memoriam. Since the organization of the Old Settlers' Club in 1869, mention of which was made in Volume I., page 201, the following named members have passed away: Samuel Brown Born Jan. Luzerne Ransom June 8, 1837, Wm. Pitt Lynde June 22, 1841 Robert Davies Oct. 31, 1836 E. B. Wolcott July 4, 1839 Daniel Schultz Oct. 25, 1843, Royal D, Jennings May 25, 1843, Wm, Fink. Jan, 10, 1840, Geo, Abert Sept, 24, 1836 John Dahlman Aug. 15, 1842 Enoch Chase April 9,1835 E. A, Calkins Oct,, 1843 John C, Smith June 3, 1836, Wm. S, Trowbridge.. .Oct, II, 1836, Benjamin BagnaU April 3, 1843, Edward Barber-* Sept. 20, 1847, John P, McGregor*... Nov, 5, 1846, James Ludington April, 1843 Asahel Finch, Jr,, Oct, 9, 1839, Samuel D, Luscomb ..Sept, 10,1843, John Thorsen June 10, 1844. Peter 'Van 'Vechten*.. .Sept. 30, 1845 Increase A, Lapham Fennimore C, Pomeroy . . . Henry Williams Richard L. Edwards Daniel H, Richards Levi Blossom Eliphalet Cramer John W, Pixley March 7, 181 1. Nov. 4, 1818. April 15, 1.806. Nov. 24, 18 12. Feb. 12, 1808, Sept, 23, 1813, June 18, 1813, Jan. 19, 1811. Dec. 22 1874, Age 70, Sept. 14, 1875- ' 64. Aug. 25, 1870, ' 52. Feb. 23, 1879, ' 73- Dec. 20, 1880. ' 68. Feb. 6, 1877. • 69. Oct, I, i«73- ' 60. Sept, 18, 1872. ' 59- Aug, 18, 1874, ' 63, *Those marked with a * came in under Article 11 of the Constitution, 318 PIONEER HISTORY Alfred L. Castieman Born Dec, 17, 1808, George Bowman " March 5, 1809, Garret 'Vliet " Jan, 10, 1790. Henry Bleyer " Oct, 25, 1805, Andrew G. Miller " Sept, 18, 1801, Joseph Cary " April 28, 1807, Sylvester Pettibone " April 26, 1 793. Geo. D, Dousman " Sept, 16,1820. OwenAldrich " Aug. 5, 1795. Joseph Portier " Feb, 10, 1795, Allen O, T. Breed " Feb, 21, 1804, C. W. Schwartzburg " Feb. 23, 1800, Henry Crawford " AprU 22, 1823, Erastus B, Wolcott " Oct, 18, 1804, Jonathan E. .Arnold " Feb. 4, 1814. Henry Miller " Dec. 13, 1806. David Merrill " Jan, 15, 1793. Edward Hackett " Nov. 15, 1823. Don A. J. Upham . " May 31, 1809. Joel S. Wilcox " Oct. i, 1809, Joseph R. Thomas " Sept. 17, 1798. Giles A. Waite " Feb. 9, 1814. Cyrus Hawley " June 12, 1802. Ambrose Ely " June 29, 1807, Alex, F. Pratt " Sept, 4,1814, Geo, D. Watson " Jan. 8, 1811. Geo, S. West " Dec. 24, 1793. Geo, F. Knapp " Sept. 25, 1804, Cyrus T. Hawley " Mar, 15, 1840, Wm. H, Byron " June 8, 1808. Francis Huebschmann " Sept. 17, 181 1. John Bradford " Aug, 9, 1816. -Augustus F, Cady " Aug. 26, 1816, Jas, S, Brown " Feb, 1, 1824, Jas. B. Cross " Dec, 17, 1819. Thos, Kehoe " Dec. 27, 1811, James Campbell " Mar. 4, 1804. Seneca Hale " Oct, 5, 1811, Linus N. Dewey " .^pril 8, 1821, J. C, Howard " Sept, 25, 1804, John J, Brown " Jan. II, 1816, Sidney Evans " June 17, 1806, John B, Evarts " Nov, I2, 1825, John Crawford " Dec, 4, 1 792, Died Aug, 22, " Aug. II, " Aug, 5, " Aug, 17, " Sept, 30, " March 18, " July '23, " May 31, " AprU 17, " Feb, 20, " Sept, 27, " Jan. 19, " Aug. 26, " Jan, S, " June 2, " Jan, 29, " March 12, " Dec, 12, " July 19. " Sept. 24, " Sept, 4, " April 19, " June I, " Aug, 2, " Nov, 30, " Oct, 14, " Aug. I, " May 20, " Feb, 17, " Sept. 12, " Mar. 21, " May 3, " AprU 27, " AprU 15, " Feb. 3, " Sept, 20, " Jan, 24, " Dec, 22, " June 8, " Aug, I, " Mar. 25, 1877, Age 69, 1874. ' 65 1877. ' 87. 1878, ' 73- 1874, ' 73- 1880, • 73- 1876, ' 83. 1879, • ' 59- 1872, ' 77- 1874. ' 79- 1875- ' ' 71- 1872, ' 72 1877. ' 54- 1880, ' 76. 1869. • SS- 1878. ' 72. 1872. ' 79- 1874. ' ' SI- 1877, ' ¦- 68. 1872, ' 63. 1872, ' 74- 1877. ' ' 63. 1871. ' 69, 1873. ¦ 66. 1874. ' 60. 1873- ' ' 62. 1877. ' 84. 1873. ' 69. 1880. ' 40. 1873. ' 65. 1880, ' 69. 1879, ' ' 63. 1880. ' 64. 1878. ' S4. 1876. ' 57- 1879. ' ' 68, 1881. ' 77- 188.0, ' 69. 1870, ' 49- 1880. ' 76, 1878. ' 62, 1877. ' 71- 1874. ' 49- 1881. ' 8q, OF MILWAUKEE, 319 Fifty-three in number, whose united ages amount to 3,546 years, giving an average of 67 years,* Will the next generation live as long ? Two of this number. Doctor Erastus B, Wolcott and Joseph Carey, were also members of the Pioneer Association, a memorial sketch of whom was read at the last annual convention, February 22d, 1881, and ordered spread upon the minutes, which, with the resolutions ap pended to the sketch, are herewith inserted as a last tribute of respect to the departed, William A. Prentiss, John H. Tweedy, Daniel Wells, Jr., Committee, Wm, A. Prentiss read a communication regarding the deaths of Dr, E, B. Wolcott and Joseph Cary. The paper eulogized the virtues of these gentlemen in a very eloquent manner. The memorial is as follows : DR, E, B, "WOLCOTT. The committee charged with the duty of preparing a paper to be placed up on record commemorative of the deaths within the calendar year 1880, of Dr, Erastus B. Wolcott and Joseph Cary, two of the members of this asscociation, submit the following brief tributes to their memories : Dr. E, B, Wolcott was born in the year 1804, became a resident of MUwaukee July 4lh, 1839, and died on the 5th of January, 1880, after a sickness of only a few days, caused by a sudden attack of acute pneumonia. Previous to his settle ment here, he had been connected with the United States Army as a surgeon and physician, and was Surgeon General of the State of Wisconsin up to the time of his death. Soon after the commencement of tbe practice of his profession in the then small village of Milwaukee, he took high rank and continued to maintain such rank throughout the remainder of his life. In 1866 he was appointed one of the managers of the National Home for disabled soldiers, one branch of which is located near this city, to which position he was reappointed in 1873 and held until his death. He was also connected with the earliest enterprises in this State, building the first mills in 1845 at West Bend, in Washington county, and the second mill on the Milwaukee River, at Humboldt, near this city. Most of the members of this association knew him well, and when it was announced that Dr. Wolcott was dead, a thrill of sadness passed through the hearts of those who had kaown him for so many years, and all of us, deeming his demise a most serious loss to the people of our city and the State at large. We all know how devoted he was to his profession and his gentle kindness to his patients in sickness, both day and night, coupled with faithful attention to, their wants. He was a genuine friend to the poorer classes of the community, to whose calls *Not counting the odd months, which would doubtless bring the average up to 69. 320 PIONEER HISTORY he always responded with alacrity, never enforcing his claims for medical services, unless he was fully satisfied that they had ready means for payment. The lamen tations at his death were fully exemplified while the casket containing his remains was exposed to public view at the arcade in the Plankinton Hotel, and at the fu neral services, when the sidewalks for nearly one block each way from the dwelling of the deceased, were thronged with men, women and children, who came to pay the last sad homage to their dead friend. We do not deem it inappropriate in this brief review of his life, to refer to the reUgious and political views of Dr, Wolcott, as the writer of this sketch as heard him express them many times. His opinions on religious matters were of the liberal class, having no faith in creeds or ceremonious observances, being convinced that the golden rule to " Do unto others as you would have others do unto you,'' if carried out through life, would entitle the individual to all the rewards after death, promised by the great Architect of the universe. As it regards the management of the general state and municipal governments he was one of the boldest and most determined iu advocating equal rights to all men, without regard to color, birth, or condition; maintaining upon all occasions that our republican government was instituted and intended for the benefit of the whole people, and should not be controlled by cliques or combina tions of men who regarded their own aggrandizement more than the best interests and happiness of the public at large. We, his old associates, think of him in the manner ot his death, and in reference to where he has gone! Jie had given his life to the labor imposed upon him, and laid down and went to sleep ; and the question now is, Where is he ? This question no human being can answer, and we leave it to be solved by the Overseer of the universe, who cannot err. Most surely we can say that he was a great honor to his profession, and one of our best citizens, whose death is a great loss to the medical faculty, and to the people of this State. We therefore bow with submission to the decree, and pay this brief but imperfect tribute to his memory. JOSEPH W. CARY, Joseph W. Cary, a member of this association, was born, in 1807, at Litchfield, Herkimer county. State of New York; died very suddenly at Chicago, Illinois, on the l8th of March, 1880, whUe on a business visit to that city, Mr, Cary was one of the earliest residents of Milwaukee, settUng here A.pril 20th, A, D. 1836, when there but few white people in Southeastern Wisconsin; and opening a place for business at or near the corner of East Water and Wisconsin streets, as a man ufacturer of clothing. He subsequently at different times took in as partners, John W, Taylor, and the genial Henry WiUiams, both of whom passed from life unto death before him, Mr. Cary was an energetic business man, always genial and prompt to his customers, very quiet in manners, would never accept any pub lic office or trust from the people, or take an active part in poUtical or religious matters, but had fixed views on both subjects, which he carried out in his own OF MILWAUKEE. 321 particular way. By good management he acquired a large property, which was gained by close attention to business, and honest dealing with those with whom he made engagements. He retired from active employment some years ago, on account of ill health, and confined his attention mainly to the care of the property he had acquired by hard labor. The sovereign power that controls all things, saw fit to take him away suddenly, and we, his old associates, though grieved at his loss, submit cheerfully to the mandate, hoping that our loss is his gain. Peace to his ashes. Jacob M. Rogers. Among the deaths of the old settlers, who were not members of the club, was that of Jacob M, Rogers, who died June 7th, 1880, •Age 85 years, 4 days, Mr. Rogers landed in Milwaukee on the 3d of July, 1836, from which time to the day of his death, he was one of our most respected, as well as useful citizens. His first labor after his arrival, was to open the streets in the East ward, quite a number of which were graded by him. The writer has in his possession a package of receipts, drawn by Samuel Hinman, D. Wells, Jr., Solomon Juneau and Wm. A. Prentiss, trustees, upon Albert Fowler, treasurer, in favor of Jacob M. Rogers, for grading streets in 1837 ^^d '38, amounting to over three thousand dollars. These receipts are in themselves a curiosity, inasmuch as they illustrate the poverty of the stationery department of the young cor poration, they being all, or nearly all, upon the fly leaves of old books, and several of them upon the peculiar paper used as wrappers for cotton batting. Mr. Rogers was one ofthe most industrious men I ever knew, neither did he stop until about one week before his death, dying literally in the harness. His death was like the going out of a fire. I doubt if any man who every lived here, has performed as much hard labor in the same number of years, as did Mr, Rogers, He was a native of Troy, N. Y., and a brother of Jas. H. Rogers. John Crawford. This gentleman, a sketch of whom was given in Volume I., was born in Worcester, Mass, Dec. 4th, 1792. His early life was spent upon the St. Lawrence river, down which he used to run lumber and merchandise upon rafts and keelboats, the principal crafts in use upon that river in the early history of the country. He came first 41 322 pioneer iIistory to Milwaukee in December, 1836, on a visit merely. He remained! but a short time and returned by land through Chicago. The state ment in the Republican that he brought the first steamboat to Mil waukee is not true. He brought the steamer Detroit here in 1837. He was in command of the little harbor boats at various times after the loss of the Detroit at Kenosha in the gale of 1837, up to 1843, and perhaps later, after which he retired to his farm, where he spent the remainder of his long and eventful life. His death — hke that of Jacob M. Rogers — was like the going out of a fire ; the machinery run down and stopped. He was possessed of a wonderful constitution as well as physical strength. He had been a member of the Old Settlers Club from its first organization, and always an active member. But he is gone; and his powerful voice and pleasant greeting will be heard no more on our streets. His death severs one more link in the pioneer chain, to be united in the great beyond. He was a true friend, a generous enemy, and a valued citizen. Peace to his memory. He was buried with Masonic honors, the Old Settlers Club uniting in the solemn services. The following letter, (the last that he ever indited,) was read at the annual banquet, Feb. 22, 1881 : Wauwatosa, February 22, 1881. To C. Simonds, Jas. S. Buck and D. W. Fowler, Committee: Gentlemen — 'Vour kind request to be present at the annual banquet given by the Pioneer Club and Old Settlers' Society, is received, I regret that, owing to my feeble health, I shall be unable to join you. Thanking you for the remembrance, I am very sincerely yours, John Crawford, He died a few days later, March 25th, 1881. Henry Bleyer. ' This gentleman, who should have had a special mention in Volume I., came to Milwaukee, from Gottingen, Kingdom of Hanover, Ger many, in 1837, landing here oh the 2sth day of June, and settled in the present Third ward, at what is now 345 Jackson street, his house when built being the only one upon that street, south of Michigan street. Mr. Bleyer was by occupation a cabinet maker and wood turner, his latTie being the first one brought to the town. The first OF MILWAUKEE . 323 piece of cabinet, work ever shaped upon a lathe in Milwaukee, was the work of his hand. Mr. Bleyer belonged to that class of men who earn their bread by the sweat of their brow. Unlearned in scientific knowledge, he made the best use of what faculties na ture had given him, to-wit: a sound body and a pair of willing hands, went manfully to work, and soon had a home for his young and growing family, to which as the years rolled around, he added a little annually, until he had amassed a competency sufficient for all his needs, and as the frosts of time began to whiten his head, making it to resemble the almond tree, he was enabled to sit down and enjoy the fruit of his labors. The writer first knew Mr. Bleyer in 1850, since which time an uninterrupted friendship continued up to his death, which occurred August 16, 1878. He was an honest man and has left a good name, which, the good book informs us, is better than precious ointment, as a heritage for his children. The writer has in his possession a piece of Mr. Bleyer's handiwork, given him as a keepsake many years ago. In person Mr. Bleyer was rather above the medium height and well proportioned. He had the light hair and blue eyes so common to the Teutonic races, a slighdy florid complexion, spoke rather short, and had a deep powerful voice, low in tone. He was quick and im pulsive, had a strong will, and if he undertook any thing he would go through with it. He left six boys, all of whom are in Wisconsin ; four in the city and all connected with the press, and useful members of society, who, if they make as good a record as did their father, it will not be said w-hen they are gone, (and it certainly could not be said of him,) that the world was not benefited by their having lived in it. Mr. Bleyer was born October 25th, 1805. He was a member of the Old Settlers' Club, by whom his remains were consigned to their last resting place. Thus one by one we pass away. And 'neath the turf so green these forms Soon moulder back to clay. And others will our places fiU, Other men our lands -lyiU tUl, And we shall be forgotten. 324 pioneer history of milwaukee, The Close. This will close the pioneer history proper, of Milwaukee. She had now, as has been seen, become a city and struck out for herself. The author does not claim that these two volumes contain all that was done or the names of all who came, during the thirteen years they cover, spch a thing being impossible as well as practically use less, if possible. But he does claim that their contents are truthful. For the kindness and patronage extended to him by his fellow citi zens, he is truly thankful. Should he live to bring the history down to the present, (which, from an examination of the new history of the Western Historical Co., would seem to be necessary for some one to do,) he will endeavor to make it as perfect and interesting as are these ; and he has the tools wherewith to do it. And should his fellow citi zens express a desire to have him bring it down to 1881, and will subscribe as liberally therefor, as they have for the cumbersome and imperfect volume just out, he will do it; but in three volumes of 500 pages each. Shall he do it? APPENDIX. The Claim Organization of 1837. The author has thought best to give in this volume a full and com plete account of the proceedings had, at the great claim meeting of March 13th, 1837, (mention of which was made in Volume i., page 108,) as an important event in the early settlement of Wisconsin. It was without doubt the most perfect organization for mutual pro tection, that ever existed in any country, and its provisions, when adhered to, never failed to protect the settlers and foil the speculator. And they were strictly enforced up to, and at the land sale. It will be seen that man-y of these claims were made prior to this meeting and held by occupation only, but when a claim was once entered in the record book, it was a guarantee that the occupant would get it at the sale. The original record book contains the entry of all the claims in the county as then organized, which will form an impor tant item for some future historian, when writing the history of these counties, as now organized. Rules and Regulations Adopted by the actual settlers in Milwaukee county, convened at the Court House, March 13th, 1837. At a meeting of the citizens of Milwaukee county and the counties of Washing ton, Jefferson and Dodge, which are attached to Milwaukee, held in pursuance of pubUc notice, at the Court house in MUwaukee, on the 13th day of March, 1837, for the purpose of adopting such rules as will secure to actual settlers their claims, on principles of equity and justice, the following persons were appointed officers of the meeting, to wit : ' President — Samuel Hinman. Vice Presidents — Samuel Sanborn and Sylvester Pettibone, Secretaries — A. O, T. Breed and I, A. Lapham. The object of the meeting having been stated, and the rules adopted at a former meeting having been read, on motion, a committee was appointed by the meeting, to report a code of rules for the consideration of this meeting. 326 PIONEER HISTORY Whereupon the following persons were appointed on said committee : Byron Kilbourn, John S. RockweU, Alfred Morgan, John Howard, Alfred Orrendorf, Dwight Foster, Henry Shew, Luther Parker, Thomas H. Olin, Charles Everts, Alva Harrington, Enoch Chase, Nicholas Whalen, N. F. Hyer, James Sanderson, John Manderville, Jeremiah Putney, Robert Masters, A, L, Barber and Solomon Juneau, Mr. Kilbourn, as chairman of said committee, reported to the meeting, after a recess of two hours, the foUowing preamble, rules and regulations, which were considered severally and adopted : Whereas, The settlers of MUwaukee county, including the several counties thereto attached, have removed to and settled in this section of the country, for the purpose of bettering their condition by agricultural pursuits, the induce ments and encouragements for which being here so liberaUy extended to us, not only in the rich reward obtained in the abundant product of our fertile soil, but also in the liberal price those products command, and Whereas, the Congress of the United States, by the repeated passage of pre emption laws, impressed us with a reasonable belief that the same policy would continue to be pursued, for the benefit of those settlers on the public lands, who, by their recent settlement could not be included under the provisions of the last pre-emption law, and Whereas, The settlements^in this section of the country, have been in great part so recently formed, that a pre-emption law containing such pro-visions as that reported during the late session of Congress, would not embrace the case of a large number of meritorious settlers, but would leave their improvements subject to entry by those who may hereafter visit the county with a view to purchase land, and Whereas, Under all the circumstances the people of this county could not wit ness without emotion the sacrifice of property and improvements, the product of their own labors, together with their fondly cherished hopes in the future enjoy ment of their newly formed homes, and Whereas, In order to secure the fruits of their labors in a peaceable and equita ble manner, it is necessary that certain fixed rules and regulations should be adopted by the settlers, whereby the right of occupancy shall be determined, therefore be it Resolved, By the people of Milwaukee county, as at present organized, in gen eral meeting assembled, that they do now adopt, and will, to the best of their abili ties sustain, in full force of obligation, the following ¦Rules and Regulations. Rule ist. Any person who has prior to this date made a claim, on one or more quarter sections, not exceeding one section of land, and made improvements thereon equal to fifty dollars in amount for each quarter section, shall have the right to retain said claims in possession, on a compliance with the conditions con tained in the rules adopted by this meeting. of MILWAUKEE. 327 Rule 2d, Any person who is competent to enter land at the Land Office, shall be entitled to make claim, and hold in his or her own right, any quantity of land not exceeding in aU one section, by cdmplying ,with the foUowing conditions, viz: Con. 1st. If a person claim one quarter only, he shall improve and cultivate, within six months from the time of entering such claim, at least three acres; and within one year from making such entry, shall erect and finish a house thereon, suitable for the residence of a family; or instead of building a house, to improve and cultivate three acres in addition. Con. 2d. If a person claim two quarter sections, he shall improve and culti vate, within six months from the time of entering such claim, at least ten acres; and within one year from making such entry, shall erect and finish a house thereon, suitable for the residence of a family; or instead of building a house, shall improve and cultivate five acres in addition. Con. 3d. If a person claim more than two quarter sections, he shall improve and cultivate, within six months from the time of entering such claim, at least fif teen acres; and, moreover, shall improve and cultivate, within one year from mak ing said entry, an additional amount of land, which will make the whole improve ments equal to one-tenth part of the whole amount of land claimed; and also erect on said land a house, and finish the same, suitable for the residence of a family, within said term of one year. Con. 4.th. The following being considered proper definitions as to what con stitutes an improvement and cultivation, are therefore adopted as a rule of judg ment, viz: Def. 1st. If the claim, lie in wood land, to clear off all down timber and brush, and all trees of ten inches in diameter and under, and inclose the requisite quantity of land with a good fence, such as a farmer would build to protect his crops, and sow or plant the same with grass, grain or vegetables, shall be deemed a sufficient improvement and cultivation. Def. 2d. If the claim lie in a prairie, or part prairie and part wood land, then to inclose the proper quantity with a fence, and plow the prairie, and put in a crop as aforesaid, or plant in part, and mow and make hay in part of said field, shall be deemed a sufficient improvement and cultivation. Def. 3d. In case the time allowed for improvement and cultivation shall fall in that season of the year when plowing and planting cannot be done, then the mak ing of an improvement agreeably to the foregoing requirements, within the time limited, and the sowing and planting being performed at the ensuing seed time, shall be deemed an improvement and cultivation within the meaning of these rules. Rule 4th. All claims made in the name of any person who is not an inhabi tant of this county, shall be forfeited, unless the person in whose name they are made, shall take actual possession of them before the 1st day of June next, and commence making, improvements thereon, according to the regulation this day adopted; and any claim which is now regularly made, but not' entered on- the re- 328 PIONEER HISTORY cord, and which shaU remain unentered on the 1st day of May next, shaU be con sidered as no claim, and may be occupied by any person who may choose to take it. Rule sth. No person shall make a claim on any tract which has been taken and regularly entered by any other person, (whereon fifty dollars' worth of work has been done,) unless such person shaU neglect to make such improvements as are prescribed by these rules, within the time Umited therefor; but in case any claimant shaU neglect, to improve in the time and manner by these rules set forth, he shall forfeit his right to said claim, and any person may take possession thereof in his own right. Rule 6th. In order that aU may know what lands are claimed and what are • not, it shall be necessary for any person who makes a claim to enter the same within ten days thereafter, with the Register, who shall perform the duties of his office without any charge; and all claims which shaU not be so entered, shall be considered vacant, and subject to be entered by any person who may choose. Rule 7th, In order that the committee may be able to present a true list of all the claimants on the day of sale, whereby each person wUl be secured in his just rights, it is required that when any person shall purchase a claim from another, he shall immediately give the Register notice thereof, and have the transfer made in his name. Rule 8th. No person shall hold by purchase or otherwise, more fhan four quarter sections of land, and in case any person shall have taken up or purchased to the amount of four quarters, and shall have sold any or all of them to other persons, he shall thereafter be incapable of holding any further or other claim in this county. This provision not to apply to any sales which have been made prior to this time, but to future operations after the adoption of these rules and regu lations. Rule 9th. Whenever the lands in this county shall be brought into market, the Executive Committee shall appoint an agent to bid off the lands in behalf of the settlers whose claims are entered in the book of registry, and no person shall in any case be countenanced in bidding in opposition to said agent in behalf of the settlers. Rule loth. In any case where a person shall claim more than one quarter sec tion lying contiguous and adjoining to each other, the amount of improvement re quired for all of them may be done on any one or more of said quarter sections, as may suit the convenience of the claimant; but in case the several quarters claimed shall be in separate and disconnected tracts, the greater part of the im provements made to secure the whole, may be made on any tract which the claim ant may prefer; prtrvided, that at least three acres shall be improved and culti vated on each of the other quarter sections, within the time of six months. Rule nth. There shall be a Central Executive Committee appointed at Mil waukee by this meeting, consisting of fifteen members, whose duty it shall be to fix the limits of the different precincts, the people of which to appoint a Judicial Coramittee in each precinct, of three or five members, as they deem best. The of MILWAUKEE. 329 Central Executive Committee shaU also appoint a Register of Claims and a Clerk of their own Board, who shall keep a minute of their proceedings, and to appoint such other officers as the interest of the settlers may require, and call meetings of the people when they may thinit it necessary for the general interest, or for the purpose of amending these rules, or for other purposes. Eight or more members of said committee shall form a quorum for the transaction of business, and a vote of a majority of the members present at any meeting, shaU decide any question be fore them, questions on appeals included. They shall also have power to fill va cancies in their own Board, Rule 12th, AU disputes that may arise between different claimants to the same parcel or tract of land, shall be submitted to the arbitration and decision of the Judicial Committee within and for the precinct in which said disputed tract shall lie, and either party feeling aggrieved by any decision that may be made by the Judicial Committee as aforesaid, shall have the right of appealing therefrom to the Executive Committee, who shall constitute a Board for the trial of appeals, and their decision shall be final and conclusive between the parties; provided, that no appeal shall in any case be taken from the decision of the Judicial Committee as aforesaid, unless the party appealing shall, within twenty-four hours after the making and publishing of such decision, pay or cause to be paid all costs that may have been awarded against him; and provided also, that the Executive Commit tee, before proceeding to hear any questions brought before them by appeal, shall require the parties to enter into bonds, each to the other, in sums that the Executive Committee shall deem proper, conditioned to abide, do and perform in all respects as said Committee shall decide, order or direct; and either p-irty re fusing so to give bonds, shall not be heard before said Committee, but the matter in controversy shall be taken pro confesso against him, and a decision entered ac cordingly. Rule 13th. When any claimant shall bring any question of settlement in rela tion to a disputed claim before the Judicial Committee, or shall have appealed from the decision of said Committee, and wish a trial of the same before the Ex ecutive Committee, it shall be the duty of such claimant to give, in writing, at least six days notice to the opposite party (if a resident of this county,) of the time and place ofthe meeting of such Committee; and neither of said Committee shall proceed to hear any disputes unless satisfactory evidence is produced of the ser vice of notice aforesaid. But if it shall appear that notice has been given, and the opposite party does not appear, then the may ^^oceeA ex fiarte, or adjourn to some future period, not less than two or more than thirty-two days, as justice and the circumstances of each particular case shall require; and in all cases of adjourn ment, notice thereof shall be given to the absent party, if a resident of this county, as aforesaid. Rule 14th. In conducting all trials by either of said Committees as aforesaid, and in making any and all decisions therein, said Committee shall be governed strictly by the rules and regulations this day adopted, and by the principles of 42 330 pioneer HISTORY justice and equity; and the Committees shall have the power to adjudge such a sum to the party to whom the claim shall of right belong, as remuneration for costs and charges in and about said trial, as to them shall seem just and equitable. Rule 15th, It shall be the duty of the Judicial Committee, in all cases not appealed from within twenty-four hours,, and of the Executive Committee imme diately upon making any decision, to make out and deliver to the party in whose favor such decision shall be made, a certificate thereof; and such certificate shall be sufficient authority for the Register to enter the tract of land therein described in the name of such party, any previous entry or entries to the contrary notwith standing; and such party shall thereupon be entitled to take possession of such tract without any further judicial proceeding. Rule 16th, These rules and regulations shall be and remain in force until changed by the people in general meeting, convened by a call of the Board of the Executive Committee, by a notice pubUshed at least twenty days previous to the day appointed for said meeting. On motion. Resolved, That A. A. Bird, Solomon Juneau, N. F. Hyer, Samuel Brown, Al bert Fowler, D. H. Richards, A. O. T. Breed, Samuel Hinman, Wm. R. Long- street, H. M. Hubbard, James Sanderson, C. H. Peak, Daniel Wells, Jr., Byron Kilbourn and Enoch Chase be, and they are hereby appointed the Central Execu tive Committee, On motion. Resolved, That all orders adopted by the Central Executive Committee, affect ing the general interest of the community, shall be published. On motion. Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting, with the rules and regulations this day adopted, be signed by the President, 'Vice Presidents and Secretaries, and published in the Milwaukee Advertiser. Samuel Hinman, President. Samuel Sanborn, ^ Sylvester Pettibone, 'Vice Presidents. A. O. T. Breed, I. A. Lapham, Secretaries. The Executive Committee on Claims, appointed at a meeting of the people at the Court House in MUwaukee, on the 13th day of March, 1837, convened at the office of .Byron Kilbourn, Esq., on Tuesday, March 14th, 1837, for the purpose of organizing and entering on the discharge of their duties. On motion, Samuel Hinman was appointed chairman and Albert Fowler clerk. The following orders were submitted and after discussion, adopted : Ordered, That the territory to be included under the rules and regulations, entered into at the meeting, on the 13th inst,, shaU be divided into ten precincts, bounded as hereinafter described, and known by the following names, to-wit : OF MILWAUKEE 331 Washington Precinct— The whole of Washington county. Dodge Precinct — ^The whole of Dodge county, Jefferson Precinct— The whole of Jefferson county, Prairie 'Village Precinct— Ranges 17, 18 and 19, in towns 6, 7 and 8. Mequonigo Precinct— Ranges 17, 18 and 19, in town 5. Muskego Precinct — Ranges 20 and 21, in town 5, Oak Creek Precinct — Ranges 22 and 23, in town 5. Poplar Creek Precinct — Ranges 20 and 21, in town 6. Chase's Point Precinct — Range 22, in town 6. Menominee Precinct — Ranges 20 and 21, in towns 7 and 8, Ordered, That the election for a Judicial Committee in said precincts, shall be held on Monday, the 20th day of March, 1837, at the following places, the poUs to open at i o'clock P, M,, and to close at 4 o'clock P. M. Washington Precinct.. at S. McEvoy's. Jefferson " at Thos. Brayton's. Prairie 'ViUage " at Mr, Walton's. Mequonigo " at Mr. Camp's. Muskego " at Mr. Thomas. Oak Creek " at E. Higgin's. Poplar Creek " at O. Harrington's, Chase's Point " at D. J. Hurds'. Menominee " at W. Woodward's. Ordered, That the presiding officers at the meeting of the people, in the several precincts for the election of Judicial Committees, shall report to the clerk of the Executive Committee, the names of the persons elected in the several precincts, which report shall be registered by said clerk. Ordered, That the clerk of this Board shall keep a fair record of all their pro ceedings ; shall make out all bills of costs ; shall require notice of appeals in vacation of the Board, and notify the chairman thereof; the said clerk shall also issue such notices as shall be required by this Board, and in general shall dis charge the usual duties of clerk of a Court of Record. Ordered, That this committee now proceed co appoint a president, two vice presidents, a clerk and a register of claims, and on counting the votes, the following named persons were chosen to the offices prefixed to their names, respectively : President — Augustus A. Bird. First Vice President — Byron Kilbourn. Second Vice President — Samuel Hinman. Clerk — William A. Prentiss. Register of Claims — AUen O, T. Breed. Ordered, That it shall be the duty of the president, and in his absence, the vice presidents, to preside at all meetings of this committee, and when sitting ior the purpose of deciding any appeals from either of the precinct committees, this board shaU proceed according to the practice of courts of equity. 332 PIONEER HISTORY Ordered, That in all cases where a person shall have entered on a claim and made valuable improvements thereon, which had been previously entered by some other person who had not made improvements to the amount of fifty dollars, prior to the 13th March instant, agreeably to the rules then existing, the person so taking possession, shall have the right of entering said claim with the register, by producing a certificate of the committee of the precinct where such a claim shall lie, stating such facts. Provided that said certificate shall not be considered as ad judicating the case between the parties, unless the first claimant shall fail to pre sent the case for the consideration of the committee of said precinct, by the first day of May next, but if said first claimant shall so fail to present the case, then the claim shall stand in the name of the person entering by sanction of said certificate. Ordered, That the regular or stated meetings of this Board, shall be held on the first Monday of each toonth, and at such places as shall be hereafter deter mined. On motion the committee adjourned to the first Monday in April next, at 10 o'clock, A. M. By order of the Executive (!)ommittee, William A, Prentiss, Clerk, Proceedings of the Central Executive Committee on Claims, At an adjourned meeting of the Central Executive Committee on Claims, hold en at the office of Wm. A. Prentiss in Milwaukee, AprU loth, 1837, the following orders were submitted and adopted : Ordered, That in all cases of appeal from the Judicial Committee, the parties shall appear before the clerk of the Executive Committee, before the first regular meeting of said committee shall thereafter be held, and enter into bonds agreea bly to the I2th rule of the general regulations, in such sum as the said clerk may think is double the value of the land in controversy, and in case the party appealing shall fail to enter into bonds as aforesaid, the judgment of the Judicial Committee shall be affirmed, but in case the party responding shall refuse to enter into such bonds, the decision of the the Judicial Committee shall be reversed. The party appealing shall execute a bond at the same time of filing the appeal, and the other party shall execute the same bond on his part before the meeting of the committee as aforesaid, or if there are not six days intervening, then before the time of holding the next succeeding meeting. Ordered, That all cases of appeal which shall be made six or more days before the time of the regular sittings of the Executive Committee, shall come on for trial before said committee at the first meeting after the making of said appeal, unless the committee shall adjourn the same to a future day ; and should the party so appealing fail to appear, and prosecute the same before the committee as aforesaid, or show good cause for non-appearance, the committee shall proceed to OF MILWAUKEE. 333 try the case ex parte, and make a decision according to what may appear to them the merits of the case. Ordered, That aU cases of appeal taken within six days prior to any regular meeting, shall come' up for trial at the first meeting of the Executive Committee which shall be holden after the expiration of six days from the taking of said ap peal, and should the party appealing not appear, the committee may proceed to try the case ex parte, and make decision according to what may appear the merits of the case. Ordered, That Jefferson county be divided into three precincts, to be called the Watertown, Fort Atkinson and Jefferson Precincts, Watertown Precinct — Ranges 15 and 16, in Towns 7 and 8, Jefferson Precinct — Ranges 13 and 14, in Towns 7 and 8. Ft, Atkinson Precinct— Ranges 13, 14, is and 16, in Towns 5 and 6, and that an election for Judicial Committees in each of said precincts shall be holden on the last Monday in AprU, 1837 at the foUowing places : Jefferson Precinct at Thomas Brayton's. Watertown " at Mr, Johnson's, Ft. Atkinson " at Dwight Foster's. I. A. Lapham was appointed Register of Claims, to supply the vacancy occa sioned by the resignation of Allen O, T, Breed, I'he committee adjourned to meet at the office of WiUiam, k. Prentiss, on the first Monday of May next, at 10 o'clock. A, M, By order of the Central Executive Committee, William A. Prentiss, Clerk, Proceedings of the Central Executive Committee on Claims, At a meeting of the Central Executive Committee on Claims, holden at the of fice of Wm, A, Prentiss, on Monday, May 1st, the following Orders were sub mitted and adopted: Ordered, That in all cases where any person shall apply for the registry of a claim under the 4th Rule, which has been previously entered, he shall produce a certificate of a majority of the members of the Judicial Committee of the precinct in which the claim lies, stating that the person in whose name the claim was en tered is not an inhabitant of this county, and did not take actual possession thereof before the 1st day of June, and commence making improvements thereon accord ing to the rules and regulations adopted by the settlers 13th March, 1837, The 4th Rule is in the following words: Rule 4th. All claims made in the name of any person who is not an inhabi tant of this county, shall be forfeited, unless the person in whose name they are made, shall take actual possession of them before the ist day of June next, and commence making improvements thereon, according to the regulation this day adopted; and any claim which is now regularly made, but not entered on the re cord, and which shall remain unentered until the Ist day of May next, shall be con sidered as no claim, and may be occupied by any person who may choose to take it. 334 PIONEER HISTORY Ordered, That in all cases of appeal to the Executive Committee, the deposi tions of witnesses living more than ten mUes from Milwaukee, shall be received as evidence under the provisions and restrictions in the statutes in such case made and provided, without regarding technicalities; provided, sufficient notice be given to the adverse party of the time and place of taking such deposition. Ordered, That in all cases where a person shall have entered on a claim since the 13th March, 1837, and made valuable improvements thereon, which had been previously entered by some other person who had not made improvements to the amount of fifty dollars prior to said 13th March, agreeably to the rules then exist ing, the person so taking possession shall be required to give six days notice in writing to such person, if a resident of any precinct within the jurisdiction of the Central Executive Committee, of his intention to apply to the Judicial Com mittee of the precinct where such claim shall lie, for a certificate stating such facts ; provided, that any certificate given as aforesaid, shall not be considered as adjudicating the case between the parties, but shall only entitle the said claimant to have the claim registered in his name, unless the first claimant shall fail to present the case for a hearing on the merits before the committee of said precinct within thirty days from the granting of said certificate as aforesaid, but if said first claimant shall so fail to present the case, then the claim shall stand in the name of the person entering by sanction of said certificate. Ordered, That no person shall enter a claim for another, without presenting the written certificate of the applicant, and the register shall not make any transfer of claims entered on his books without a bill of sale by the party, signed by him personally. Ordered, That the election of Judicial Committees in the Watertown and Jeffer son precincts, (if not heretofore made,) be holden on the eleventh day of May, 1837, and such persons as are in favor ot adopting the rules and regulations en tered into by the settlers, on the 13th March, 1837, may assemble at the house of 'V, Wood, in the Watertown precinct, and at the house of J. Brayton, in the Jeffer son precinct, and elect Judicial Committees agreeably to the rules hereinbefore published. . The committee adjourned to meet at the office of William A, Prentiss, on the 1st Monday of June, 1837, at 10 o'clock A. M. By order of the Central Executive Committee, Wm. a. Prentiss, Clerk. Claim Entry Record. Town 5, Range 21. — ^Town of Franklin. July 17, 1836, I N, E, John Strong, tr, L, R, Jones, fr. Charles Higgins, tr. D, F, Jones, tr. C. Curtis, March 8th, 1838. Donald Cameron. WiUiam B. Slocham, tr, Horace Fletcher, Patrick Hanmel, J"iy 4, 1836, 1 N,W. July 27, 1836. I S, E, Oct. 13, 1836. 1 s. w. July 4. 1836. 2 N, E, Mar. 14, 1837- 2 N.W, Aug. 1, 1836. 2 S. E, Mar, 21, 1837- 2 S, W. Mar, 11, 1837- 3 N. E, OF MILWAUKEE, 335 John Golding, tr, Hugh Shorts, January ISth, 1838. C, P, Clemmons, tr, Laura E. Clemmons, Sayles Carr, tr, Thomas Flood, tr, Michael Finne- gan, February 15 th, 1839, D. C, Perkins, tr, Arietus Whitcomb, Jan, 30, 1838. Loan Dewey, tr, George M. Davenport, tr, Samuel Dexter, Sept, 28th, 1837, Mar, 27, 1837, 3 N. W. Edward West, tr. Peter Baker, WiUiam Hunt, J. N. Loomis, February 14th, 1839. D. C, Perkins fr. Aretus Whitcomb. T, McDonald, tr, Francis Ward. Wra. McKittrick, tr. Dennis McCarthy and Eugene Morgan, Robt, McKittrick, tr. Dennis McCarthy and Eu gene Morgan. Owl Crelley. Harvey Hawkins, tr. Wm, McKittrick, January 17, Wm, McKittrick, tr, John Cain, John Everts, tr, Lucius Harris, tr, John Everts, AprU 3, 1838, Bela H. Tryon, James Mulholland, tr. Bela H. Tryon, Robt, McKittrick, tr. Wm. Shields, John Shields, tr, Wm. Shields. Robt, McKittrick, tr, N. D. White, March 5, 1837, Wm. B, Thomas, tr. Thomas Fellows, fr. Ebeneze r Harris, tr. John McCoUum, April 2d, 1838. Joel Benedict. John Odgen, tr. John McCoUum, Nov. 21, 1838. John Everts, Ebenezer Harris, tr, Joel W, Benedict, Henry P, Tourner. C. P. Clemens, Samuel Heath, tr, Richard G. Owens fr. S, R. Lee, February 13th, 1839. Samuel Heath. D, B, McCawrin, tr, J, White, February 22, 1837, T, C, Hawley, tr, Lawrence Curtin. Michael Borlen, tr. James Riordun fr, Thomas Ho gan, December 14th, 1838. Charles P. Clemmons tr. Lucy Clemmons fr. S, R. Lee, February 13th, 1839, Thos, Finell, tr, Mary Fahay fr, Isaac Loomis tr. Wm. McClay, June 2Sth, 1838. Mar. 21, 1837- 3 S. E. July 28, 1836, 3 S, W. AprU 28, 1837- 4 N. E. Sept. 10, 1836. 4 N.W, July 28, 1836, 4 S, E, July 28, 1836, 4 S, W. Sept. 10, 1836 S N, E, Mar. 20, 1837- 5 N,W. June 20, 1836, 5 S. ,E, " 20, 1836, S S. W, AprU 18, 1837. 6 N. E, Aug. 23, 1836, 6 N, W. AprU 18, 1837- 6 S. E. Sept. 29, 1836, 6 S. W. Mar. 21, 1837- 7 N, E, April 29, 1837- 7 N.W. Mar. 20, 1837- 7 S. E. Nov. 19, 1836, 7 s. w. Dec. 6, 1836, 8 N, E, Oct. 28, 1836. 8 N, W. Mar. 24, 1837- 8 S. E. " 24, 1837- 8 s, W, Dec, 15, 1846, 9 N. E, Aug, 20, 1836. 9 N.W. " 30, 1836. 9 S. E. Mar, 14, 1837- 9 S, W. Oct. 27, 1836. 10 N. E. 336 PIONEER HISTORY AprU 4, 1837- 10 N.W. Mar. 21, 1837- 10 S. E. Oct. 19, 1836. 10 S. W, Mar. 25, 1837- 11 N. E. AprU 4, 1837- 11 N.W, Mar. 25, 1837- II S, E. " 20, 1837 11 S. W. " 22, 1837- 12 N, E, " 20, 1837- 12 N.W. " 22, 1837- 12 S. E. " 20, 1837- 12 S, W " 20, 1837- 13 N. E. 20, 1837. 20, 1837, " 20, 1837- 13 s, w. " 20, 1837- 14 N. E. " 21, 1837- 14 N.W. April 5, 1837- 14 S. E, " 5, 1837- 14 S. W. Mar, 20, 1837- 15 N. E, Oct, 27, 1836, IS N.W, April 25, 1837- IS S. E. " 30. 1837- IS N. E, " 4, 1837- 17 S. W, Mar. 21, 1837- 17 N,W, AprU 4, 1837- 17 S. E. " 4, 1837- 17 S, W, Mar. 21, 1837- 18 N, E, Sept, 24, 1836. 18 N,W, " 4. 1837- 18 S, E. May I, 1837- 18 s, w. Mar, 18, 1837- 19 N. E. May II, 1837- 19 S, E, Mar. 18, 1837- 19 S, W, May 29, 1837- 20 N. E, AprU 4, 1837- 20 N,W, 3 'N, W, 3 S. E, Samuel Dexter. FrankUn Wood, tr. WiUiam Denney, June 1, 1838. Wm, Mauricey, tr. John Kavanagh, John Shay, tr, James Hackett. Aretus Whitcomb, Timothy Ryne, Thomas Ryne, tr. Patrick Malay. L. R. Jones, tr, Cyrus Curtis. Patrick Malay, tr. Edw. Finnegan. Adam Warstler, tr. Wm. S, Crissey, tr. Randle H. Bryant, AprU 29, 1837. Patrick Malay, tr. Thomas Ryne. Albert H, Smith, tr. Lewis George Franiser, tr. Christopher Knell. H, B. J. Smith, tr, Christopher Knell, tr. Henry Steva. Elbert H. Smith, tr. Baptist Liginger, tr, Frederick Liginger. H, B, J. Smith, tr, Wm. N. P. Fisher. H, B, J, Smith, tr, Timothy Ryan, tr. Miles Stanton. H, Hawkins, Jr., tr. George Brooks, August 11, 1838. Rufus Cheney, tr. Job Wm. Perry. Rufus Cheney, tr, Harmon Jenkins, Jr. C, D. Fittz, tr, T. Hogan, Wm. Hayes, tr. John McCrossen, tr.Wm. Hughes, tr. Lawrence Rooney. James Colby, tr. Sam Wales, January 22d, 1839. Douglass P. Jennings, tr. John L. Cary, fr. Geo. Brooks, June i, 1838. Isaac Loomis, fr. J. I. Loomis, August 8, 1838. Loan Dewey. Isaac C, Loomis. Isaac C. Loomis. Loan Dewey. Calvin Douglass, tr, Leonard Brown, fr. Israel Smith, July 21, 1838, Lester Day, tr. H. Wm, 'Vandeeren, John L. Carey, Wm. 'Vandeeren. Sherman Bates, Charles Mants, E. Hasen, Jonathan J. Loomis. Mar, 21, 1837- 20 S. W. " 22, 1837. 21 N. E. May 29, 1837- 21 N.W, Mar, 27, 1837- 21 S, £. " 27, 1837- 21 S. W. April 3, 1837- 22 N, E, Mar. 22, 1837- 22 N, W. May 3, 1837. 22 S. E. Mar. 27, 1837- 22 S. W, " 20, 1837- 23 N, E, " 28, 1837- 23 N,W. OF MILWAUKEE. 337 April 4, 1837. 20 S. E, Ira A, Darbey, tr, Merrit Brown, fr, M, O. Hig gins, tr. N. H, Brown, October 9, 1837. Loan Dewey. J, L. MUler, E, Hasen, James Colby, tr, H, Colby. J. L, MiUer. Lucius Botsford, tr, Nathan N, KendaU, tr,Job W. Perry, fr. Levi Perry, February 16, 1839, Amos Colby, Horace Smith, James Colby. Thos, Fowle, tr, Douglass D, Jennings. James E. Pratt, tr. Rufus Cheney, tr.Job W. Perry, October loth, 1837. 29, 1837, 23 S, E, James Enos Colby, tr. Eleazier Wales, tr. Samuel . Wales, tr. E^ to J. A. Jennings, Wyi, D. D. Jen nings. Thomas Fowle, tr. Samuel Wales. Geo. Abert. George Abert. Eleazer Wales. Andrew McCleave, tr, John M. Harris, tr,W^ to Junia A. Jennings, February 12, 1838. Gilbert Davidson, tr, Aaron Whitcomb. J. L, Miller, tr, Aaron Whitcomb, October 20, 1837, tr. P. Healy, November I, 1838, tr, P. D. Smith. Mar. 15, 1836. 25 S, E, Waterman Field, tr, Joshua Johnson, AprU 25, 1837, tr. Geo. Hahn. Amos Colby. James Colby, Samuel Wales, tr, Junia A. Jennings, Eliza Colby. John Everts. Samuel Wales. Eleazer Wales. Harry Howard, tr. Edmond W. Wolcott, Adam Wooster. Jas, E, Pratt, tr, Eliza Colby, Sept. 30, 1837, Douglas D, Jennings. Douglas D, Jennings. Junia A. Jennings, Amos Colby, tr, L, R, Lee, June 29, 1838, 45 " 20, 1837- 23 s. w. " 20, 1837- 24 N E. April 15, 1837- 24 N W. Mar, 28, 1837- 24 S. E, " 22, 1837- 24 s. W, April 21, 1837- 2S N. E, Mar. 22, 1837- 25 S, W. " 22, 1837- 2S s. w. " 27. 1837- 26 N, E, " 28, 1837- 26 N.W. " 27, 1837- 26 S. E. " 20, 1837- 26 S. W. " 28, 1837- 27 N. E. ¦' 28, 1837- 27 N.W. AprU 25, 1837. 27 S. E, May I, 1837- 27 S. W. Mar. i.8. 1837- 28 N. E. " .30, 1837- 28 N.W, " 30. 1837- 28 S, E, " 30. 1837- 28 s. w. AprU 25, 1837- 29 N. E. 838 PIONEER HISTORY - Mar. 25, 1837. 29 N. W. A. A. Rogers, tr. L. W. Dewey, fr. Hiram Lee, Oct. 2, 1837. May 27, 1837. 29 S, E, Elisha Howard, tr, B. F. Hale, tr. Samuel Young, June 25, 1838. Mar, 25, 1847 29 S. W, EUza Colby, fr. B. Hale, June 25, 1838, tr. Samuel 'Voung. " 25, 1837. 30 N. E. A, A, Rogers, tr, Sherman Bates. " 21, 1837. 30 N.W. C. R. Bakpr, tr. Levi G. GuUd. " 18, 1837. 30 S. E. Charles Mants, tr. Joshua Roberts, Jan. 25, 1838. " 21, 1837. 30 S. W. Frederick 'Veeder, tr, H. Dane, Oct. 3, 1839. " 23, 1837. 31 N, E. Sherman Hopkins, tr, James Dane, Jan. 25, 1838. May II, 1837, 31 N.W, Baptiste Liginger, fr, James H, Howe. Mar. 23, 1837. 31 S. E, Sherman Hopkins. May II, 1837, 31 S, W, Frederick Burges, " 3. 1837, 32 N, E. Joseph Drake, fr. Job W. Perry, Nov. 12, 1837. (ReUnquished.) " 10, 1837. 32 N. W, EUza Colby, fr. Job W. Perry, (ReUnquished,) " 15, 1837, 32 S, E. James Fields, fr. Job W. Perry. " 9, 1837, 32 S, W. Anna Colby, fr. Job W. Perry. (Relinquished.) ' Mar. 30, 1837. 33 N, E. Harry Howard. May 3, 1837. 33 N, W, David Cheney. Mar. 30, 1837. 33 S. E. John W. Howard. May 2, 1837. 33 S. W. Elisha Howard. April 25, 1837. 34 N. E. EUsha Howard, tr. Joseph Drake. May 3, 1837. 34 N. W. E— John W. Howard, W— John Blake, tr. Ezra Beckwith. " 3. 1837. 34 S. E. E— Joseph Drake. W— John Blake, tr. Ezra Beck with. " 3. 1837. 33 S. W. E— John Blake. W— John Blake, tr. Ezra Beck with. May 2, 1837. 35 N. E, John Rose, tr. H. N, WiUiams, fir. John Rose, Jan. 9, 1839- " 9,1837.35 N,W, Robt, Cleaves, tr. L.W.Perry, tr. Clark Shepardson, Nov. 22, 1837. " 6, 1837, 35 S. E. John Rose, tr, C. I. True. Mar. 30, 1837. 35 S, W. John W, Howard, April 18, 1837, 36 N. E. George Hahn, tr. Daniel Kelzer. " 5, 1837. 36 N, Vf. Christina Palmer, tr. William Burbeck. Aug. 16, 1836. 36 S. E. J. B, Wetherell, tr. Silas Griffith, AprU 21, 1837. May 3, 1837.36 S. W. H. H.Walton,tr,Charles Dingle, tr. Philip Schwartz. Town 6, Range 21. — ^Town of Greenfield. July 7, 1836. I N, E. Ulrich Palmer, Nov. 7, 1836. I N, W. W, S. Trowbridge. OF MILWAUKEE, 339 July 21, 1837, I S. E. Feb. 3, 1837. I S. W. June 3, 1826. 2 N. E. AprU 12, 1837. 2 N.W. Mar. 2, 1837. 2 S. E. •* 21, 1837. 2 S, W. June 15, 1836. 3 N. E. Mar. 22, 1837. 3 N,W. " 16, 1837. 3 S, E. " 18, 1837. 3 S. W. " 17, 1836, 4 N. E, May I, 1837. 4 N,W. Mar, 21, 1837, 4 S. E, May I, 1837. 4 N,W, July 18, 1836. 5 N, E. J?n. 10. 1837, 5 N.W, June I, 1836, 5 S, E, Dec. 26, 1836. s s. W. ~Mar, 25, 1837, 6 N, E, July 4, 1836, 6 N,W. AprU 21, 1837. 6 S. E, June 27, 1836. 6 S, W, Nov, 30, 1836. 7 N, E, July 18, 1836, 7 N.W. June 13, 1836, 7 S. E. Jul^ 8, 1836. 7 s. w. May 21, 1836, 8 N. E, June 2, 1836, 8 N,W, July 9, 1836. 8 S. E, Oct, 5, 1836, 8 S. W, May 21, 1836, 9 N. E. Edw. Fitts, tr. C. D, Fitts, tr. I. H, Rogers, Sept 3, 1837; tr, J, S, RockweU, Nov. 29, 1838. Jonathan French, tr. Charles H, Larkin, Samuel Parsons, tr. Esthei- Johnson, Edw, West, tr, Benj. Moffatt, Dennis Clark, tr, Charles H. Larkin, tr, Luzerne Ransom. Geo. S, West. Fannie M, Sanborn, tr, Benj. Moffatt. Zebulon Baxter. Peter Juneau. Zebulon Baxter, Jr. Nath, Carpenter, tr, James Kinler, Benjamin Cox, fr, Eber Cornwall, fr, Benjamin Cox, May 30, 1838, tr, Henry Harrington. Olivan Duville, Benjamin Cox, tr, Henry Harrington, Leland Crocker, tr, John W, Loyd, tr. Philander Wright. Stephen Sargent. Wm. Delay, tr, Wm. Redford, May 13, 1837, Jeremiah Noble. Zebina H, Conkey, S. S, Mills, fr. Amos Haer. Aaron Herriman, Maurice Ball, tr. John Sheldon, tr. Jesse Holt, June 1, 1837, Chas, Harmon, tr, Andrew Hume, July 3, 1838, fr. Zebulon Baxter, June 13, 1839, John Sheldon, tr. Jesse Holt, Harley B. White, tr. A, M. Burrows, June 10, 1837, fr, P, C. Cooper. Alonzo Osborn. Thos, Cowper, tr, .1. R, Robinson, tr, Thos. Cow- per, tr, to John Sheldbn, to WiUiam Redford: Nelson Alvord, fr. Thomas Conley, May 30, 1838, fr, Thomas Noyes, May 4, J. L, Miller, tr. A, C, Thomas, fr, Peter Marlett, May 30. 1838. Jay Brown, tr. Nelson Alvord, fr. Joseph N, Ray mond, May 19, 1838, fr. Thomas Noyes, Pliny Konkey, tr, Thos, Ironsides, Nov. 6, 1837, tr, OUver Plumb, May 26, 1838. 340 PIONEER HISTORY May 21, 1836, 9 N, W, Mar. 17, 1837. 9 S. E. " 17, 1837, 9 S. W. Feb, , I, 1837, 10 N. E. Aug. 23- 1836. 10 N.W. Mar. I, 1837- 10 S. E, May 26, 1836. 10 S. W. Feb. 1, 1837- 11 N. E, July 7, 1836. 11 N.W, (( 16, 1836. II S, E, June 25. 1836. II .S. W. Jan, 25. 1836. 12 N. E, May 23. 1836. 12 N.W. Nov. 30, 1836. 12 S. E. it 30. 1836. 12 s. w. Mar. 20, 1838. 13 N. E, July 6, 1836. 13 N, W, Nov. 16, 1836. 13 S, E, May 6, 1837- 13 S, W. Nov. 8, 1836, 14 N. E. June 29. 1836. 14 N.W. Mar. 25, 1837- 14 S, E, May 6, 1837- 14 S, W, Dec. 20, 1836, IS N. E, Mar. 16, 1837- IS N,W, July 17. 1836, IS S, E, June 4. 1836, IS S. W. May 4, 1837- 17 N, E. July 18, 1836, 17 N.W, tt 13. 1836, 17 S. E. June 27. 1836. 17 S. W. Mary Hubbard, tr. Henry M. Hubbard, tr. James G. Hurburt. Benjamin Orrendorf, tr, James Kimler, September 30. 1837- Benjamin Orrendorf, tr, James Kimler, fr. Hiram Freeman, November 29, fr, James Kimler, March S. 1839- Samuel R. Smith, tr. Alanson Sweet, tr. Wm. C. C. Watrous, August 23. James Kinler, tr, Benjamin Cox. G, P. Breed, fr. I, G, Eslinger, fr. Owen A.ldrich, May 25, 1839, tr, John George Eslinger, December 25, 1839- Joseph Riche, tr, Benjamin Cox, June 10, 1837, Arnold Stafford. Wm, Denney, tr. Geo. S, West, Amos. Mitchel. 1 Scioto Evans, fr. John Harrison. Daniel Landon. S. B. Ormsbee, June 8, 1836, tr, P. J, Hinkley, tr. John C. Smith. Jock "Veaux, lr. Geo, G, Tiffany. Richard Gilman, tr, Richard Reynolds, B. F. CoykendaU. Leonard Spalding, tr, Jno, 'Vosburgh. Augustus Peters, fr. Simon Dolph, May 2, 1838, fr. Augustus Peters, November 29, 1838. Limnah Arnet, fr, G. C. S, "Vail, Feb, 13, 1838, Wm. Strothman. J. B. Miller, tr. Frederick Hicklemire. Wm. Flusky, fr. John B. Myres, March 6, 1838, tr. Adam Wooster. Limnah Arnet, Samuel Olingin, tr, Wm, Payne, Joseph Gass, tr, J. B, Clements. Charles Thesner. Edward T. 'Viesner. A. M. Burrows, tr. John Julien, March 20, 1837, fr. Hermon Mott, December 10, 1838, tr. A. Duville, John C, Dibble and Richard Peck, fr, Wm. Hbwe, Dec, 27, 1838, tr, D, S. Jones, Elah Dibble, fr, J, B. Fisher, July 1839, Lyman Worthington, fr. Chancey Leland, March 27, 1839. OF MILWAUKEE. 341 June 13, 1836. 18 N. E. Isaac Loomis, tr. A. M, Burrows, May 13, 1837. " II, 1836, 18 N.W, Patrick Deviney, tr. Alex, Cooper, May 13, 1837, Aug. 4, 1836, 18 S, E, A, A, Bird, fr, John Cooper. June 13, 1836. 18 S. W. W. W, Brigsby, tr. Seneca Hale, June 10, 1837, fr. John Beebe, AprU 21, 1838, April II, 1837, 19 N, E. Chas. Gathergood and Sidney Evans, tr. Wm, Par sons, fr, Wm. Woodcock. May 6, 1837. 19 N.W, Henry H, Elkins, fr. John Beebe, May 11, 1839, tr. Hiram Dayton, Mar, 21, 1837. 19 S. E. Joel Benedict, fr, Wm, Woodcock, May 18, 1839, tr, Alva Harrington, " 21, 1837. 19 S. W. Joel Benedict, July 12, 1836. 20 N, E, Smith Harman, fr, J. C, James, March 29, 1839. " 4, 1836, 20 N. W. Francis DeWeld. Dec. 20, 1836, 20 S, E. Erastus Weaver, tr, Norman Herrick, tr, John McHarry, fr, John Sullivan, January 31, 1836, AprU 19, 1837. 20 S. W. Joseph E. Tuttle, fr, John B. Davis, Sept. 4, 1838, J, E, Tuttle, Mar, 22. Sept, 12, 1836, 21 N, E, J, C. James, tr. John Finan, July 23, 1S36, 21 N, W. Joseph Guylds, April 17, 1837, 21 S, E, Albert Fuller, tr, James Kelley, Pec, 20, 1836. 21 S. W, Rubin Strong, June 20, 1836, 22 N, E, Frances Harmer, tr, Frederick Harmeyer, " 21, 1836, 22 N, W, Geo, H. Green, January 17, 1837, " 15, 1836. 22 S. E. Thomas Duffy. July 24, 1836. 22 S, W. Louis A, O'Brien, tr. John M, Harris, March 15, 1839- gay 17, 1836, 23 N, E, Franklin Wood, fr. John B. Myers, March 6, 1838, tr. Wm. Green, AprU 14, 1838, tr, Geo. W, Stark, tr. J. PI. Thomas, tr. Isaac Meacham. July 28, 1836. 23 N, W. Alford M, Thrawl, tr, D, Parmelee, tr, F. Har meyer. Oct, .21, 1836, 23 S, E, Henry Baker, fr. Baptist Liginger, March 5, 1840, tr. John Barlow, June 16, 1836, 23 S, W, D. C, Perkins. AprU 26, 1837, 24 N, E, Frederick Rushee. " 26, 1837, 24 N. W, Frederick Miller, June 4, 1836, 24 S, E. August Harmor, fr. Alner Rouse, July 7, 1838, fr. y^ Christina Schwartz, yi Frederick Eggert. AprU 26, 1837. 24 S. W. Jacob Baker. May 5, 1837. 25 N, E. E. Hammond, tr, Isaac Fredrick, tr. Nicholas 'Vieaux, tr, N, L, Heninan, " S> 1837. 25 N, W. Edw.. Hammond. 342 PIONEER HISTORY July i8, 1836. 25 S. E. John G. Willard, tr. Anthony Duville, tr. S. H. Graves, May 8, 1837. " 26, 1836. 25 S. W. D. Warner, tr. Anthony Duville, tr, Richard Owen; Mar. 21, 1837. 26 N. E. Franklin Wood, tr. Josiah Field, March 17, 1838. Oct. 13, 1836. 26 N, W, Henry Martin. Mar. 13, 1837. 26 S. E. Alfred Morgan, fr. Anthony Duville, October 14, 1837, tr. Richard Owen. Sept. 12, 1836. 26 S. W. Geo. Morgan, tr. Charles Morgan, W ^ to Alfi-ed M. Morgan, July 4, 1836. 27 N. E. Philip Bensyl, tr. Joseph C. James, fr. Louis W. Ryckman, December 14, 1837. " 16, 1836. 27 N. W. R. B. Frisby, tr. Erastus J, Putnam, tr. Asa Fris- bie. May 2, tr, H. H, Hadley. June 27, 1836. 27 S. E. Adam Worster, tr. Francis Ward, February 9, July 13, 1836. 27 S. W, Isaac Claypool, tr. Peter Callahan. " 6, 1836. 28 N. E. Joseph Hawkins, tr, N. D, White, May. 5, 1837, tr, Geo, Adams, tr. Dean Adams. June 29, 1836. 28 N. W. E. C. Montague, tr. Nathan Cobb, Mar, 22, 1837, 28 S, E, W. Shattock, fr, WiUiam Ward, Sept. 7, 1838. April 17, 1837, 28 S, W, Benjamin F. Hale, tr. John Furiong, Sept, 27, 1836, 29 N. E. Harriet C, Cross, tr. NathanlCobb. AprU 20, 1837, 29 N.W, Calvin Hall, tr. Joseph Guild, tr, John Furlong,. tr. Wm. Furlong, July 5, 1836. 29 S, E. Peter SchoU, tr, B, F. Hale, April 17, 1837. May 10, 1837. 29 S. W. John Cross, tr, Harnit Cross, March 15, 1839, fr. Francis Bunis, W ^ Jenny Ruden, April 18, 1837, 30 N, E. Ruben Strong, tr. Benjamin Strong, tr. John Conoly and James McCauley. " 17, 1837. 30 N. W, E, C, Montague, " 18, 1837. 30 S, E. Ruben Strong, tr. Lawrence Curtin, " 18, 1837, 30 S. W. Joseph Guilds, tr. Peter Jordan, Mar. 16, 1837, 31 N, E, Peter Martin, tr, Seneca Hale, June 10, 1837. " 14, 1836, 31 N, W. A, A, Rogers, tr. Dean Adams, May 15, 1838. Aug, 9, 1836. 31 S. E. Wm, H. Taber, tr. Seneca Hale. Mar, 20, 1837. 31 S. W. Wm. B. Thomas, tr. C, Douglass, tr. Seneca Hale. May 1, 1837, 32 N, E, Peter Cavanegh, tr, Michael Boylan. April 29, 1837. 32 N, W, Floyd Martin, " 14, 1837, 32 S. E, Michael Boylan, tr, M, O, Walker. Dec. 1, 1836. 32 S. W. Oriando Ellsworth, Aug, II, 1836, 33 N, E. John McCossin, tr, David Curtin, July 17, 1836. 33 N, W. Thos, Court, tr, John Furlong, tr. David Curtin. July 16, 1836. 33 S, E. David Curtin, tr, Michael Cook. Dec. 6, 1836. 33 S. W. Michael Hackett. OF MILWAUKEE. 343 July 12, 1836. 34 N. E. David Pendell, fr. S. D. Fowles, AprU 12, 1838. " 12, 1836. 34 N. W. Wm. Furlong, " 12, 1836, 34 S, E, Geo, Furlong and Wm, Furlong, tr. S. %, Wm, Morisy, N %, Edward Welch, " 12, 1836. 34 S, W, John Furlong, tr. James Hacket. Sept. 13, 1836. 35 N, E, R, W. Smith, fr, Richard J, Owens, February 9. 1839- Mar, 15, 1837, 35 N, W. Alfred Morgan, tr. Charles Morgan, Aug, 24, 1836. 35 S, E. J. J. Loomis, fr, E, Eggert, January 31, 1839, July 23, 1836. 35 S. W. John Firman, fr. Patrick Durwie, March 5, 1839, May I, 1837. 36 N. E. John James, tr, John Garret Lubbe. June 20, 1836, 36 N, W, Frederick Harmer. Mar, 25, 1837, 36 S, E, Josiah Fields. Aug, 29, 1836. 36 S. W. Alfred Morgan, tr, Duncan McKillop, May 19, 1838. 8 S, W. Thomas Conley, fr. Wm. Howe, Nov. 29, 1838, tr, E _5^ to A. Grigor, tr. H. Morrison, tr, W ^ to Thomas Noyes. " 8,1837.25 S. E. Daniel F, Kimball, fr, Abner Rowse, June 30, 1838, tr, L. W, Ryckman, tr. D. S. Jones, tr, S. Wood- ard. " 25, 1839. 25 S, W, Charies Morgan, tr. Richard Owen. 17 N. W. S. Woodard. Mar. 5, 1837, 28 N. E. Patrick Crann. Dec. 10, 1838. 17 N. E. John Julian, tr, Joseph DeUsle. Town 7, Range 21 — Town of Wauwatosa. N. E, Daniel Bigelow, tr. 0. B. Morse, tr, Sam Black, December 6, 1838, fr. J, G. SouthweU, fr, A. Amour, April i, 1839, N, W, J, W, Jones, tr. Wm. H. Gale, July 15, 1837, tr. John Davis, tr. John Mayhew. Mrs. J. McCarte, tr. Sherman Choate, tr. John Noyes, fr. J. H. Rice, December 9, 1837, Isaac O'Neal, tr, Samuel 0, Neil, fr. George Jones, January 6, 1838, fr. John Sercomb, July 23, 1838, Samuel Black, fr. Silas M. Brown, I^ebruary 18, 1839. Hannah M. Hoyt, tr. F. D. Hoyt, February 11, 1839, tr. Squire Sackett, tr. Ezra Dewey. Henry Watkins, tr, Samuel O'Neill, September 16, 1837, fr, Geo, Caddy, tr, Lyman Stodard, Barton Lee, tr. Ezra Dewey, July 10, 1837, tr, Benjamin S, Stimson, Joseph Carey, Richard Gilbert, February 7, 1837, tr, Bigelow Case. June 22, 1836. I N. E, " 18, 1836, 1 N, W, " 22, 1836. I S. E, " I. 1836. I S, W. April 2, 1837- 2 N. E, May 23, 1836. 2 N.W, June 20, 1836. 2 S, E, Sept. 21, 1836. 2 S. W. July 6, 1836. 3 N. E, June 3, 1836. 3 N.W. 344 PIONEER HISTORY May 30, 1836, 3 S, E. Wm, Olds, tr. Henry W. Cowles, Dec. 16, 1836, 3 S, W, Erastus Carey, fr, John Craig, December 25, 1838, AprU 25, 1836, 4 N. E. Hiram Burdick, tr. Jacob Storm. _ Mar, 25, 1837. 4 N. W, Hiram Burdick, Jan. 27, 1837, 4 S. E. Jonathan Gilbert. July II, 1836, 4 S, W, O, H, Butterfield, May 31, 1836, 5 N, E, James W, GUnney. Nov. 9, 1836, 5 N, E. James L. Bean, tr. N. yi. Wm. Coates. July 19, 1836. 5 S. E. Samuel F. Jones, tr. Lot. Blanchard, Oct. 15, 1837, fr,. David Compton. June 24, 1836. 5 S, W, L, F. Howard, tr. James L, Bean, May 21, 1838, " 29, 1836, 6 N, E, Daniel McNab, tr. Wm. Coates. July 1, 1836, 6 N.W. Timothy Bliss, fr, Charles 'Van Deren, January 11, 1838. May 21, 1836. 6 S, E, John Corbin, tr. S. L, Corbin, tr, Clark Brookins, " 23, 1836. 6 S, W. L, 'V. Lander, tr, S. L, Corbin, February 7, 1839, Aug, 26, 1836, 7 N, E, Alexander McNeel, tr, Luther Howard, June 9, 1837, tr, S, Wheeler. Dec. 20, 1836, 7 N, W. Joseph Delisle, fr; John Corbin, October 14, 1837, tr. Joseph Delisle, fr. Chauncey Brownell, January 19, 1839. May 30, 1836. 7 S, E, James Pride, tr. Isaac Hathaway, June 3, 1837, tr, James Price, fr, Ch. W, Middick, November 10, 1837- July 7, 1836, 7 S, W, Asa Ferguson, tr, G, R, Ferguson, tr. Wm. W. Mayhew, November 10, 1837. Oct, II, 1836. 8 N. E. Frederick 'Veeder, fr, Lotan H, Lane, January 12, 1839, tr, M. Curtis. Aug. 5, 183b, 8 N, W, PhiUp C. Schulyer, fr. A. L. Monroe, October 14, 1837. May 20, 1836, 8 S. E. James Murray, tr. James McNefl, fr, Wm, How ard, tr, M, Curtis, June 3, 1836, 8 S, W, Ephraim Ayton, fr. Elijah Tuttle, tr. Lyman Flus- key and G. F, Knapp, October 14, 1837. Mar. 18, 1837, 9 N. E. G, F, Knapp, Sept. 15, 1836. 9 N.W. Jonas Butterfield, tr, O, H, Butterfield. Nov. 29, 1836, 9 S, E, Alijah Tuttle, tr, G. if. Knapp. Oct. 30, 1836. 10 N. E, Henry Robinson, tr. Benjamin PI. Magie, June 3, 1837, tr. H. W, Cowles, and James W, Barrett, Ajiril 26, 1836, 10 N, W. Wm, Burdick, tr. James W. Barrett. Aug. II, 1840, 2 N,W, E, A, Stoddard, May 31, 1836, 10 S, E. Widow Clark, tr, Benjamin H, Magie, July 19, 1836, tr. E, P, Brown, June 3, 1837. " 14, 1836, 10 S. W. P. Field, tr. Israel B. Jones, tr. Samuel Church. OF MILWAUKEE. 345 Dec. 27, 1836. II N. E. WiUiam Gates, Jr., tr, Robert Painter, September II. 1837- May 9, 1836. II N, W. Geo. Caddy, June 20, 1836. II S. E, Nathaniel WaUon, fr. James C. McHaney, Septem ber, 16, 1837, tr. James Clark, tr. Rowland Hill. July I, 1836. II S. W. E. G. Dariing, Geo. Olds, June 3, 1837, tr. Geo. Caddy, May 14, 1838. Nov. 3, 1836. 12 N. E. E. W. Haydon, fr. A. E. Taylor, September 16, 1837, tr. S. Haydon. Aug. 29, 1836. 12 N, W. Wm, Caton, tr, Wm, P. Proudfit, tr, John Sercombe, June 10, 1836, 12 S, E, Tobins G, Osborn, tr, Daniel Brown, tr. Henry Williams. " 17. 1836. 12 S, W, Jonas Folts, tr, Samuel Black, June 3, 1837, tr, Jonas Folts, tr. Eli Bates, July 27, 1836, 13 N, E. Emanuel Cowper, April 25, 1836, 13 N, W, Samuel Brown, Aug. I, 1836, 13 S, E. Daniel Brown. May 24, 1836. 13 S, W. Ch. James, April 25, 1836, 14 N, E, Henry Hoyt, tr, Edward D, Holton, tr. %, to C. J. Lynde, tr. Ira E. Goodall, tr. yi to Ed. Holton, tr. %, to James Holton, tr. E. D. Holton and I, F, Goodall. May 21, 1836. 14 N.W. John Bowen. June 2, 1836. 14 S. E, E, G, Fowler, January 20, 1837. " 3, 1836. 14 S. W. Abel L. Barber, tr. E ^ and W ^ to E, D, Hol ton, tr. yi to Ed. D. Holton. " 13, 1836. 15 N. E. Isaac Harrington. " 13, 1836. 15 N.W. David Compton, tr, Wm, P, Proudfit, February 20, 1837, tr. A, L, Barber, May 31, 1836. 15 S, E, H. H. Freeman, February 20, 1837. " 14, 1836. 15 S, W. H, Firman, fr, Nath, Paddock, October 13, 1837, Dec. 29, 1836. 17 N, E. John Shaw, tr, James McNiel, fr. Emery Swan, October 13, 1837, tr. James McNiel, " 29, 1836. 17 N. W. Robert Dews, fr. Stephen A, Hubbell, July I, 1836. 17 S. E, J, B, Myers, tr. Dyer W, Riche, July 13, 1836, " 9, 1636. 17 S. W, Seneca Harris, tr. Charles Van Deren, fr, Daniel Proudfit, Mar. 31, 1837, 18 N, E, Chs, Smith, tr. Owe Crelly, fr, David Brownell, November II, 1837, tr. John Farley. Jnne 6, 1836. 18 N.W. F. L. Morgan, fr. Andrew Eble, November 11, 1837, tr. Oliver S. Rathburn, " 6, 1836, 18 S, E, Limnah Arnett, fr, T. G. Osborn, October 16, 1837, May 19, 1836. 18 S. W. F, Scarborough, tr, Franklin L, Morgan, June 3, 1837, fr, Mathias Froman, May 26, 1838. 44 346 PIONEER HISTORY June i8, 1836, 19 N, E. May 6, 1837- 19 N.W, June 18, 1836, 19 S. E. July 1, 1836. 19 S. W. June 8, 1836. 29 N. E. " 18, 1836. 20 N.W. " 13. 1836, 20 S, E, " 18, 1836. 20 S, W. " IS. 1836, 21 N. E. July 8, 1836. 21 N,W. Dec. 6, 1836, 21 S, E. April 25, 1836, 21 S, W. May 18, 1836. 22 N. E. June 20, 1836. 22 N.W. 18, 1836, 22 S. E, May 16, 1836. 22 S. W. June 2, 1836, 23 N. E, Jan, 23, 1837- 23 N.W. AprU 25, 1836. 23 S. E, June 25, 1836, 23 S, W, Dec, 22, 1836, 24 N, E, May 23, 1836, 24 N, W, " 31, 1836. 24 S, E, Jan, 12, 1836, 24 S, W, Aug, 20, 1836, 25 N. E, Mar. 1 8, 1837. 25 N.W, " 19. 1836, 25 S. E, " 18, 1837, 25 S, W, " 24, IS37. 26 N, E. May 30, 1836. 26 N,W. Mar. 16, 1837. 26 S. E. Isaac Hathaway, tr. John Bowen, tr, T. G, Osborn, tr. Andrew Eble, Sept 3, 1838, David Morgan, tr, Wm. O, Underwood. Wm, O, Underwood, James Morgan, fr, David Morgan, November 11, 1837- T, D. Hoyt, Wm, Hunt, fr, Daniel Proudfit, June 25, 1838. Henry Smith, tr. Timothy Ryan, September 10, 1838, tr, Morris Riddle, tr, J. M. Warren. Enoch Underwood, tr. Wm. Underwood, June 3, 1837- Emory Harris, tr. Wm. R. Longstreet, tr. Charles Van Deren, Jerred F. Ostrander, tr. Wm, R, Longstreet, tr. Charles 'Van Deren. Charles Hart, T. Woodin and Hans Crocker, fr, Charles Leland, December 9, 1837, tr, C. W, Leland, tr. Thomas B, Hart. Paul Burdick, tr, J. Clyman and H. J. Ross. Wm, A, Gorden, tr, O. P. Root, fr. Stephen W. Norton, November 17, 1838, tr. O. P. Root, Janu ary, 28, 1839. Elishu W. Edgerton, tr. Joseph Higgins, tr. Eber Hatch, tr, W >^ to S. M. Brown, E ^ to H. J. Ross. Jonathon Parsons, tr. Oliver P. Root. T, Hoyt, tr. Danforth Parmelee. Geo. D. Dousman. ' A, O, T, Breed. Almera Fowler, G, R, Dyre, tr, Wm, H. Manton. Thomas Hoyt, Wm, Woodward. Patrick Murrey, T, C, Dousman, Byron Guerin, Garret 'Vliet, Alanson Sweet. Andrew Eble, Clyman and Arnett, Alanson Sweet, tr, Hiram F. Storey, OF MILWAUKEE, 347 June lo, 1836, 26 S, W, Mar, i8, 1837, " 18, 1837. Aug. 31, 1836. " 31, 1836, " 4, 1836, " 19, 1836, May 28, 1836, 27 N, E, 27 N. W, 37 S, E, 37 S, W, 28 N, E, 28 N, W, 28 S, E. June 20, 1836. 28 S, W. July 20, 1836, June 20, 1836, 29 N, E. 29 N, W, July 6, 1836, 29 S, E, June 10, 1836, " 18, 1836. Aug. 5, 1836. June 18, 1836. April 18, 1837. Mar, 21, 1837. June 25, 1836. " 18, 1836. May 9, 1837. Mar. 21, 1837. 29 S, W, 30 N. E, 30 N, W. 30 S. E. 30 S, W, 31 N, E, 31 N. W. 31 S. E. 31 S. W, 32 N. E, May 4, 1837, 32 N, W. May 3, 1837, 32 S, E, Mar, 22, 1837, 32 S, W. " 17. 1837- 33 N- E, " 17. 1837- 33 N. W, " 17, 1837- 33 S. E, May 28, 1836. 33 S. W, S, 'V. R. Harris, tr, Justus Clark, April 22, 1837, tr, E ^ to Richard G. Owens, tr. W ^ to F, W, Hawley, June 26, 1841, John Childs, tr, Jesse S, Hewett. L, Childs, fr, Franklin L, Morgan, November I, 1837, tr. Jesse P. Hewitt. Cyrus Hawley. F. W, Hawley. Mrs. E. Harris, fr, Benson Brazee, Nov, II, 1837. Hendrick Gregg, Daniel Finch, tr, Benzon Brazee, November II, 1837- Joseph Peters, tr, Hiram J, Ross, tr, Paul Burdick, tr, E. L. and L. L, Dudley, Thomas M, Riddle, fr, John S, GaUup, Amasa Rogers, fr, Isaac Fellows, November 9, 1837, tr, Jonathan M, Warren, June 7, 1837. Mary Jane Nichols, tr. F, W, Hawley, tr, W. N. Gardner, June 3, 1837, tr, Joseph Nichols, Mark Johnson, tr, Elijah G, Fowler, David Morgan, Mary Hutchinson, tr, Enoch D, Underwood, Wm, H, Kratzen, tr, Ira Rowe, tr. Elam S. Hitch cock. William Hunt, fr, J. W, Leeland, October i, 1839, Bendon Brazee, fr. N. Com well, April, 13, 1839. Wm, Lafferty, tr, Isaac Smith, June 3, 1837, tr. Samuel Melender, John Hunt, tr. Isaac Smith, fr, John H. Montgom ery, December 9, 1837, fr. John Com well. David Stam, tr, Stephen Martindale, fr. John Crom- weU. Aaron B, Paddock, fr, Eli Miles, September 16, 1837, fr, Joseph N. Reymond, AprU 7, 1838, fr, Wm, Morse, April 13, 1839. Benjamin Daggett, tr. John Danielson, tr. R. J. Owens, Harmenus Vawbleck, tr. Wm, Philip, June 6, 1837. Jonathan Judd. Alfred Orrendorf, Alfred Orrendorf, Alfred Orrendorf. Benson Brazee. 348 PIONEER HISTORY " 31, 1836, 34 N, E, Wm. Gass, tr, Wm, Price, AprU 22, 1837, tr, N yi, Joseph Gass, Jan, 10, 1837, 34 N. W, Richard Hacket, April 25, 1837, 34 S, E, D, S. Hollister, tr, Stephen Hollister, Mar, 21, 1837, 34 S. W, Antonette Duvall, tr, Henrietta Colburn, April 20, 1837. 35 N. E. Henry C. West. May 31, 1836. 35 N. W, Joseph Gass, June 18, 1836, 35 S, E, S, B, Sanborn. Jan. 30, 1837. 35 S. W, John W. Loyd, tr, Leland Crocker, July 9, 1826, 36 N, E, Milton Johnson, tr. Esther Johnson. Feb. 21, 1837. 36 N, W, S, R, GuiUiams, tr. Mary Ann Shaw, tr. Hiram J. Ross, June 3, 1837, May 7, 1836, 36 S, E. Calvin Harmon, tr, David S, HoUister, tr, Wm, W, Brown. " 10, 1836, 36 S. W. Samuel Sanborn. 36 N. E, Joseph NichoUs. 32 N. W, Joseph NichoUs. Dec. 9, 1837, I S. E. A. E, Taylor, fr, John Underwood, January 5, 1839. Sept, 16, 1838. II S. E. Orange Temple, tr. John Bowen, Mar, 18, 1839, tr, E. J, Hooker, May 26, 1838, 7 S, E, Chauncey Brownell, tr. Sanford Wheeler, fr, Jesse Eggleston. Dec. 9, 1837, I N, E, John C. Snover, June 3, 1837, 10 S, E. Mary H. Clark, tr, James and Patrick McCarty. Feb. 20, 1837, 15 N. W, Wm, P, Proudfit. Nov, 24, 1838, 17 N, E, Emery Swan, 18 S. W, O, S, Rathburn, Jan. 12, 1839, 12 S. W. John Crawford. 12 N. E. Henry Palmer, tr, Hannah Felt, August 5, 1841. 12 S, E, A, G. MiUer. Town 8, Range 21. — Town of Granville. June 25, 1836, I N, E, Henry J, Ostrom, fr, Arnold Armor, August 10, 1839. Oct, 14, 1836, 1 N, W, James Buckner, " 14, 1836, I S. E, Ellen Martin, tr. Harris Carter, fr. Arnold Armor, August 10, 1839. May 19, 1836. I S. W. Nathaniel Lyon, tr. Jacob Brazelton, fr, Wm, Bra- zelton, June 24, 1839, Oct, 19, 1836, 2 N, E, Peter Ritter, tr. Hiram Johnson. June 6, 1836, 2 N. W, Rolan 'V. Morgan, May 5, 1837, 2 S, E, Lyman Russ, tr, John McCobbin, April 14, 1838, fu, H, W, Cowles, May 9, 1839. OF MILWAUKEE, 349 June 10, 1836, 2 S. W, Lowrey Frankum, May 26, 1836, 3 N, E, Thomas Curtis, " 21, 1836, 3 N, W, Wm. Stowers, " 21. 1836. 3 S. E. Richard Wilson, '• 21, 1836, 3 S. W, Wm. Wilson, tr. Rich, WUson. " 21, 1836. 4 N. E. Clabourn Brazelton, tr. Jacob Brazelton. Mar, 27, 1837, 4 N, W. Patrick 'Mury, fr, WilUs Dodge, May 9, 1838, tr. H. W, Cowles. May 23, 1836. 4 S. E. Henry Nicholson, tr. Jennings J, Brazelton, June 3, 1837, fr, Wm. Brazelton, June 28, 1839, " 19, 1836, 4 S, W. Abram Frazier, tr, Isaac Brazelton, June 3, 1837, fr, Wm, Brazplton, June 28, 1839, " 15, 1837, 5 N, E, Edw, M, Clark, fr, Michael Putney, July 23, 1842, Mar, 28, 1837. 5 N, W, Michael O'Connor, Jan, 4, 1837, 5 S, E, Wilder Fisher, tr, Mary Hoisington, tr, W ^ to Michael SuUivan, August 16, 1842, E ^ to Daniel Sullivan. Mar: 15, 1837. 5 S. W, Truman Everts, tr, Amos Hanks, tr. John H. Northrop, " 15, 1837, 6 N, E, Hosea Crippin, " 15, 1837, 6 N, W. Truman Everts. Dec. 9, 1836, 6 S, E, Geo, Allen, tr. Leonard Brown. Mar, 15, 1837, 6 S, W. Truman Everts, tr. Charles C, Everts, June 20, 1842, June 15, 1836. 7 N, E, Geo, Hanson, tr, George Allen, June 3, 1837, fr, Joseph Cowell, December 9, 1837, tr, Thomas Faulkner. Mar. 15, 1837, 7 N, W, Truman Everts, fr, Charles C. Everts, September 1, 1842, June 17, 1836, 7 S, E. Dennis Kirby, tr, Isaac Leicester, June 11, 1842, " 14, 1836. 7 S. W, Wm, Swank, tr, Wesly Swank, June 3, 1837, tr, Wm. Puffer, August 16, 1837, fr. Joseph Cowell, December 6, 1838. Mar 18 1837. 8 N. E. Floyd Martin, fr. Thomas Faulkner, November 11, 1837- June I 1836. 8 N. W. A. Don Carlos, tr. Thomas Faulkner. " 27, 1836. 8 S. E. Wm. Glenney, Jr., tr. Shelmon Ji", M, Wigginton, 'fr, Truman Everts, fr, John Boyd, January 15, 1839. " I 18^6. 8 S. W. J. F. Thompson, tr, Shelmon F. M. Wigginton, fr, M, Burgat, fr. Truman Everts, fr. Benjamin Church, July 3, 1839. May 21, 1836. 9 N. E. James Frazier, tr, Jesse M. Eastes, fr, Daniel New- land, June 27, 1842. " 20 1836, 9 N, W, Wm, Frazier, tr, Asa Chambers, tr, L. P. Palmer, June 10, 1837, tr, A. Chambers, tr. John Bailey, 350 PIONEER HISTORY " 30, 1836. 9 S, E. June 10, 1836. 9 S, W, May 21, 1836, 10 N, E, " 21, 1836. 10 N, W, July 8, 1836, 10 S. E, " 8, 1836. 10 S. W. June 4, 1836. II N. E, May 22, 1836. II N.W. " 21, 1836. II S. E. '• 21, 1837. II S. W, June 27, 1836, 12 N, E, July 7, 1836, 12 N, E, April 29, 1836, 12 N. W, June 27, 1836. 12 S, E, May 21, 1836, 12 S, W, June 7, 1836, 13 N. E. Sept, 21, 1836, May 21, 1836, Sept, 15, 1836, May 25, 1836, 13 N. W. 13 S. E. 13 s. w. 14 N. E. AprU il, 1837. 14 N. W, June 2, 1836, " II, 1836, " 3. 1836, Mar, 15, 1837, June 20, 1836. Mar. 15, 1837, " 15. 1837, Oct, 3, 1836, 14 S, E. 14 S. W. 15 N. E, 15 N, W. 15 S. E. 15 S, W, 17 N, E, 17 N,W, June 13, 1836, 17 S, E. Andrew Swisher, tr. T. N. Galyen, JuUn EUis, tr, HolUngsworth S, Smith, July 15, 1837, fr, David Wason, April 21, 1842, Jacob Brazelton, Matthew Brown, tr. Jacob Brazelton. James Graves, Granville Graves, Hes Cunningham, tr, Joseph Peters, June 3, 1837, tr. Reed C. Brazelton. Theodore Porter, Wm, C, McKibbin, tr, Limnah Arnet, June 3, 1837, Geo, Odell. Mrs, U, B, Smith, Henry W, Cowles. Edw. Rogers, tr. Squire Sacett. U. B. Smith. Randall H. Bryant. Susanah David, tr. L. T. Palmer, June 24, 1837, tr. S, H, Graves, fr, Chailes Higgins, September II, 1839. D, H, Dille, tr. Isaac Lyon, June 3, 1837, J, W, Stanfield, fr. Charles Higgins, August 17, 1839. E. P. Greene, tr. Daniel SmaU, June 3, 1837, John W. Galyen, tr, Isaac Lyon, June 3, 1837, tr. Patrick Cashion. John M. Doherty, tr. David WUder, tr, Patrick Cashion,Daniel Small, David Eagin, James Baitman, fr, Thomas O' Flaherty. Ch, P, Everts, fr. Cornelius Butler, April 22, 1842, tr, John Butler, Henry B, Clark, fr, John O'Flaherty, April 28, 1842, tr, Joseph Molone, Hosea Crippin, fr, Cornelius Butler, April 22, 1842, tr, John Butler, Hosea Crippin. Daniel S. Clark, fr. Chester H. Everts, July 5, 1838, tr, Hosea Crippin, Joseph R, Thomas, tr, Charles P, Everts, April 22, 1837- OF MILWAUKEE. 351 " 7, 1836. 17 S. W, Wm. A. Webber, fr. Mathias Burgat, September 27, 1837, fr. Amos Hanks, May 4, 1838, tr, C. P, Everts, June, 1839, Sept. 5, 1836. 18 N. E, Ezra Easterly, tr, Benjamin Church, fr, James Mar tin, June 28, 1839, tr, John Martin. July 30, 1836, 18 N, W, Wm, Gorham, fr, John Snider, October 3, 1837, fr, Amos Hanks, June 2, 1838, May 24, 1856. 18 S, E. Israel Webber, fr, Mathias Burgat, September, 26, 1837, tr, Jonas Barndt, fr, Noah Leister, Sept, 21, 1836, i8 S. W. Patrick Flin, fr. B, F, Smith, September, 16, 1837, fr, Jacob Barndt, June 15, 1839. July I, 1836, 19 N, E. S. F. Gague, tr, David S, Hickcox, February 28, 1837, tr. D, S, Hickcox, June 4, 1837, Nov. 28, 1836. 19 N. W. John Flin, fr, B. F. Smith, September, 16, 1837, fr. Mathias Burgat, June 2, 1838. May 24, 1836. 19 S, E, James R. Eastman, tr, Frederick Barndt, Mar. 20, 1837. 19 S. W. Garretson 'Verbryck, May 30, 1836, 20 N, E, Wm, Knight, fr, Joseph Cowell, December 9, 1837, fr, James Martin, June 28, 1839, ". 12, 1836. 20 N, W. Wm, Anderson, tr, D, S. Hickcox, tr, Jesse Shally, June I, 1837, Aug, 18, 1836, 20 S, E, John F. Bartlett, tr, Wm, Smith, June 3, 1839, Sept, 15, 1836, 20 S, W. Jonas Barndt, 20 N, W, Seth Crippin, tr, James Dwire, May 19, 1840, tr. Philander W, Badge, June 4, 1841, Mar, 15, 1837. 21 N. E. Ch, P, Everts, tr. Robert Wason, fr, Henry Mur phy, April 20, 1842, tr, Daniel Mahar, tr, Th, Car- mody. May 24, 1836. 21 N. W, Ch, P, Everts, tr, John Boyd, " 26, 1836, 21 S, E, J, A, King, tr. Timothy Daly. Aug. 18, 1 836, 21 S, W. Samuel Bartlet, tr, Fayett S, Brown, June II, 1836, 22 N, E. Wm. Swisher. May 10, 1837. 22 N, W, Lemuel Fields, tr, Samuel Wilson, May 30, 1837, tr, J. Gilbert, tr. Wm. Caton. " 21 1836. 22 S. E, Reed C, Brazelton, fr, Archilles Brazelton, Novem ber 2, 1842, " 10, 1838, 22 S, W, Lemuel Fields, tr, Samuel Wilson, tr, J, Gilbert, tr, Wm. Caton. " 31 1836. 23 N. E. Thomas Galyen, fr. John McLean, November 11, 1837- " 31, 1836. 23 N.W. Abram Galyen, fr. Geo. Eyer, tr. S yi to Carl Wemer. " 29 1836. 23 S. E. Andrew Waggaman, tr, HolUngsworth S, Smith, July 15, 1837. 352 PIONEER HISTORY June 2, 1837. 23 S. W, May 24, 1836. 24 N, E, Aug. I, 1836. 24 N.W. May 31, 1836. 24 S. E. Sept.MayMar, 21, 19. 28, 1836. 1836, 1837- 24 25 25 S. W. N. E. N.W. June May 18, 19. 1836. 1836. 25 25 S. E. S, W. June 29, 1836. 26 N. E, Aug. 13. 1836. 26 N, W, May (t 29. 13. 1836. 1836. 26 26 S. E. , S. W. ti Sept. 13. 10, 1836. 1836. 27 27 N. E. N, W, Dec. Dec. May 6, 3, 25. 1836, 1836. 1836, 27 27 28 S. E, S. W, N, E. Oct. 8, 1836, 28 N,W, July 5. 1836, 28 S. E, Aug. 18, 1836. 28 s. w. June May 13,18, 1836, 1836. 29 29 N. E, N,W. Mar. IS.15. 1837-1837- 29 29 S, E, S, W, MaySept, 24.21, 1836.1836. 3030 N, E,' N, W, David Stanfield, tr, S, Smith. Isaac S, Lyon, Geo, E, Copley, fr. Buel Brown, August 19, 1839, tr, David Bush and Thomas Notin. John N, Shumake, tr, Joseph Peters, June 3, 1837, tr. Wm, Worth, tr, Thomas McKay, D, B. DiUe, tr. John McLean, tr. John Daly. Peter Lyon, tr. Wm. Worth. Horice Putnam, fr. Benjamin PhiUps, October 14, 1842. P. P, Patterson, tr, Alonzo Campbell. W. N, Kidd, tr. P. P. Patterson, June 2, 1837, tr, L, C, Enos, fr. G, H, Tieschaefer, July 18, 1842, Robert Swank, tr, Solomon C. Enos, August 22, 1838, tr, Samuel Shatt, Peter B, Brown, tr, Jeremiah Barton, November II, 1837, fr. Charles E. Brown, May 8, 1838. Wm. Worth, tr. Buel Brown, tr, Ernst Zautke. Jonathan Brown, tr. John H. Northup, fr. W. S, 'Van Deren, November 28, 1838, tr, S, H. Northup, John J. Brown. Alexander McWhorter, fr. James Patten, September 30, 1842, tr. Hecter McLean and Ferdinand Mad den. F. S. Brown, tr. J. H. Northup, January 17, 1837, Ch. E. Brown, fr. J. W. Chubbuck, June 24, 1839, Jacob Smith, tr, John McLean, June 3, 1837, tr. James O'Haran. Deberrough MUliner, fr. Robert Wason, June 24, 1830, tr. Robert Wason, Jr., tr. H. Neidermann. Thomas Teel, tr. Hiram Smith, June 10, 183,7, t'^- J. W. Chubbuck, August 10, 1839. Jacob M. Rogers, fr. Abraham Leister, July 27, 1839, fr. Isaac Leister, February 17, 1840, tr. John W. Engals. Denney Monson, tr. Andrew Smith, June 3, 1837. Lyman Reynolds, tr. Daniel Allen, June 3, 1837, tr. D, F. Brandt. Hosea Crippin. Worthey Putnam, fr, Justin Eastman, September 16, 1837, tr. A, L, Castieman, Justin Eastman, John Finch, fr, Wm. Smith, September 16, 1837, tr. John Carter. OF MILWAUKEE. 353 July 4, 1836. 30 S. E. Plenry J. Hildretn, fr. Curtis Reed, September 28, 1837- " 4. 1836. 30 S. W. M, L, Perry, fr, Daniel Allen, September 16, 1837, tr, J, N. Bentiey, fr. John Carter, August 20, 1838. June 20, 1836. 31 N. E, Perry Hall, tr. Luzerne Ransom, fr. Edw. S. Earles, September 16, 1837. " 20, 1836. 31 N. W. Edwin Hall, tr. Geo. Cushing, tr. Wm. H, Young, fr, Ed, S, Earles, September 16, 1837. Nov, 2, 1836, 31 S. E. Barnard Taylor. July 19, 1836. 31 S. W, C, W. Leland, tr. J. W. Leland, fr. Burnard Taylor, October 11, 1837, . fr. Daniel C. Robbins, October 7. 1842. Mar, 28, 1837. 32 N, E, Horice Putnam, Nov, 29, 1836, 32 N, W, Lewis Norman, fr, Solomon Horn, October 14, 1837, Jan, 4, 1837, 32 S, E, Geo, W, Allen, Mar, 20, 1837, 32 S, W, Alfred Bixby, tr, Luther T. Howard, tr. Wm. Coats. " 13, 1837. 33 N, E, Leonard Brown. Aug. IS, 1836. 33 N. W. Herman Buckingham, tr. Justin Eastmann, June 3, 1837, tr. J. W, Engals, Nov. 14, 1836. 33 S. E, Lyman Whfeeler, Sept, 21, 1836, 33 S, W. Bigelow Case, tr, George Watson, July 15, lg36. 34 N. E, Doramus Bishop, tr, H, W, Hubbard, September 5, 1836, tr, Chester H, Everts, May 10, 1837. April 25, 1836, 34 N. W. G, S, Wright, fr. Andrew Smith, October 14, 1837, tr. Amos Hanks, fr. Jonathan Brown, June 30, 1838. " 15, 1836, 34 S, E, Isaac Burson, tr. Jonathan Brown, tr. Frederick 'Veeder, June 3, 1837, June 3, 1836, 34 S, W, Benjamin Stimson, May 31, 1836. 35 N. E. John Kidd, tr. Arch. Don Carlos, fr. Buel Brown, I January 26, 1838, tr. C. W. Schwartz. Nov, 3, 1836. 35 N, W. Kelly Atwood, fr, James Church, January 26, 1838, fr, Wm, Woodard, fr. J- Robbins, June 18, 1842, Mar. 20, 1837, 35 S. E. Wm. Woodard, fr. John W. Chubbuck, June 28, 1838, fr, G. W. Starks, June 18, 1842, June 2, 1836. 35 S. W, Benjamin SmaU, fr. Wm, Woodard, November II, 1837, fr. Jonathan Brown, June 24, 1836, June 18, 1836. 36 N. E, B, O, Morse, fr. Thomas Falkner, February 21, 1838. May 31, 1836, 36 N. W, J, M, Moore, fr, John McLean, tr, N 40 acres to Frederick Bining, tr, S _J^ of N ^ to Samuel Oefe- lein, June 18, 1836, 36 S, E. Sarah McCarte, fr. Joel Watkins, tr. John C. Snover. 45 354 PIONEER HISTORY July 6, 1836. 36 S. W. Emma V. SaUy Bigelow, tr, Jeddediah 'Van Wag goner, June 10, 1837, tr, Elam S, Hitchcock. Town 5, Range 22, — Town Oak Creek, I N, E. AprU 24, 1837, 1 N, W, Joseph Dibley, I S. E. " 29, 1837. I S. W, John Fowle, Sen, " 24, 1837, 2 N, E. Wm, Fowle, June 21, 1836. 2 N. W. John T. Haight. April 24, 1837. 2 S. E. EUhu Higgens. " 24, 1837, 2 S. W, Oliver Rawson, Mar. 31, 1836. 3 N, E, John Q, Carpenter. " 20, 1837, 3 N, W, Alfred Fowle, fr, Thomas Fowle, January 25, 1838. June 27, 1836, 3 S, E, Cyrus C, Carpenter, tr. Herman L. Bates. April 17, 1837, 3 S. W, Joseph Dibley, tr, Philadelphia Dibley, tr, H. L, Bates, October 27, 1838, June 25, 1836, 4 N, E. Wm, Sturm, Mar, 27, 1836, 4 N, W, Geo. M, Cobb, June 23, 1836, 4 S, E, Charles Martin, tr, Josephus Howell, January i, 1837, tr, Ch. Martin. July 12, 1836. 4 S, W, Wm. Gaston, tr, Enoch Howell, June I, 1837, tr. Lewis Fuller, tr. Wm, T. Carter and B. Ackley. Aug. 8, 1836, 5 N, E, H, B, J, Smith, Oct, 27, 1836, 5 N. W. Wm. Ryan, tr. Lewis W, Ryckman. Aug, 13, 1836, 5 S. E. Joel Gaston, tr, Enoch HoweU, June i, 1837, tr, Lewis Fuller, - Nov, 5, 1836, 5 S. W, Caleb S, Merril, tr, Thomas Knaggs, March 22, 1837- AprU 25, 1837, 6 N. E. Joel Dicken, tr, John B. GaUoway, Mar, 23, 1837, 6 N, W. John Rash, tr, Wm, Schwartz, Oct, 27, 1836, 6 S, E. Geo, Barber, tr. Johnson Henderson, tr. Geo. Bar ber and Calvin Ripley, Mar. 23, 1837. 6 S, W, Simon Green, April 25, 1837. 7 N. E. Joel Dicken, July 18, 1836, 7 N, W. G. P, Breed, Nov, 26, 1836, 7 S, E. Geo, Green. Dec. 23, 1836. 7 S. W. Ephram Dunbar, Aug, 20, 1836, 8 N, E. John W, Thomas. Nov. 5, 1836. 8 N. W. Isaac Brown, tr. Thomas Charrel, March 22, 1837. July 16, 1836. 8 S. E, Daniel D, Myres, tr, Philomen Thomas. Mar, 20, 1837, 8 S, W, Cyrus Howell, tr, Lewis H. Fuller. Mar. 20, 1837. 9 N. E, Emely HoweU, tr, Wm, Martin, May 28, 1836, 9 N, W, Elijah Gaston, OF MILWAUKEE. 355 Mar. 20, 1837. 9 S. E. June 25, 1836. 9 S, W, July 12, 1836, 10 N, E, April 20, " 24, July 29, April 29, AprU 24, July 29, April 24, April 29, " 29, June 29, April 24, 1837. 10 1837, 10 1836, 10 1837, II 1837. II 1836, II 1837, II12 1837. 12 12 1837. 12 13 1836. 13 13 1837- 13 N.W, S, E, S, W, N, E, N, W. S, E, S. W. N, E. N.W, S, E, S. W, N, E, N.W. S. E, S. W, July 29, 1836, 14 N, E, April 17, 1837. IA N, W. " 24, 1837. 14 S. E, " 24, 1837. 14 S. W. May 31, 1836, 15 N. E. April 25, 1837, 15 N, W. " 24, 1837, 15 S. E, Mar, 20, 1837, 15 S. W. June 25, 1836. 17 N. E. Mar, 25, 1837. 17 N.W. June 25, 1836. 17 S. E. April 27, 1837, 17 S. W, Dec. 21, 1836, 18 N. E, Mar, 21, 1837, 18 N.W. Dec. 21, 1836, 18 S, E. April II, 1837, 18 S. W, Dec 21, 1836. 19 N, E, Mar. 20, 1837. 19 N.W. Mar, 20, 1837. 19 S, E, " 30, 1837, 19 S, W. B. F, CoykendaU, tr, Simon Dolph, Enoch Howell, Leonard Martin, tr, Lucius B, Packard, April 21, 1837- Alanson Burlingame, Oliver Rawson Giles S, Brisbon, tr, Asa Kinney, April 16, 1837. John Fowle, Sen. Oliver Rawson. Henry Sivyer. Jeremiah McCreedy. John Fowle, Sen. John Fowle, Sen. Enoch Chase. John Haight, tr. Geo. N. Powell, fr, John T, Haight, November 14, 1838, Samuel Sivyer. John T.' Haight, tr. S. D, TurriU, Elihu Higgins, tr, John Cummings, fr. Erastus D. PhilUps,Elihu HigginiB, tr, William Shew, June 10, 1837, E, Dwelle, tr. John Gallarp, April 24, 1837. Chena Adams, tr. Elihu Higgins, June 10, 1837, Asa Kinney, Asa Kinney, Wm, Ma,rtin, tr, Cyrus HoweU, June I, 1837, Josephus Howell, David Sturm, tr, Geo, N, Cobb, June I, 1837, tr, David Davis, Emily Howell. George Morse, tr. Geo. Wild, tr. Henry Beatkey, Geo. Mery. Lewis G, Francer, tr, Elbert H, Smith, Baptiste Liginger, Baptiste Liginger, tr, El-via Liginger, tr, Geo, Schwab,Geo, Abert, tr, Geo. Schwab. Douglass Smith, tr. Adam Worster. James Smith, tr. M. Spacht. June 25. 1836, 20 S. E, Mar. 25. 1837- 20 S, W, tt 25. 1837- 21 N, . E, June 25. 1836. 21 N, W. 356 PIONEER HISTORY June 25, 1836, 20 N, E, Alexander Ogden, tr. James (Jgden. Mar. 30, 1837. 20 N. W. Cyrus Howell, James Ogden, Emily HoweU. John Howell. Perrigrine Martin, tr, Josephus Howell, tr. Chas. Martin, June i, 1837, April 26, 1837, 21 S, E, Douglass Smith, Mar, 20, 1837, 21 S, W, John Davis, tr. Wm. Williams. " 24, 1837, 22 N,' E. Thomas Rawson. i " 20, 1837, 22 N, W, John Fowle, Jr. " 20, 1837. 22 S, E, John Fowle, Jr, April 24, 1837, 22 S. W, Luther Rawson. " 24, 1837. 23 N, E. John FUnn, " 24, 1837. 23 N, W, Thomas McCormick. " 24, 1837. 23 S- E. James O'Herrin, " 24, 1837. 23 S, W, James O'Herrin, 24 N, E, Oct, 28, 1836, 24 N, W, Geo., McLean, tr. Frederick Fowle, June 2, 1837. 24 S. E. June 24, 1836. 24 S, W. Henry M, Hubbard, AprU 24, 1837. 25 N, E. Wm. Fowle. June 24, 1836. 25 N, W, Otis Hubbard, AprU 29, 1837. 25 S. E, Patrick ReUly, Mar, 27, 1837, 25 S, W, Thomas Knaggs, April 24, 1837, 26 N, E, Jeremiah McCreedy, tr, Fancis Haney and Owen O' Neill, July 23, 1836, 26 N, W. PhiUps Brady, tr, John Tallant. April 22, 1837, 26 S. E. Ezekiel Adams, tr. Edmond Cannon. " 24, 1837. 26 S. W. B. J. McCreedy, May 19, 1839. 27 N. E. Joel Dicken. AprU 24, 1837. 27 N. W. Wm, Manning, " 24, 1837. 27 S. E, B. J. McCreedy. Mar. 18. 1837. 27 S. W. John W. Thomas. AprU 25, 1837. 28 N. E. Joel Dicken. " 26, 1837. 28 N. W. E. D. PhiUps. Mar. 18, 1837, 28 S, E. John W. Thomas, " 20, 1837, 28 S, W, Wm. Williams, tr, Thomas Slewellin, April 25, 1837, 29 N, E, Joel Dicken. " 26, 1837. 29 N, W, F, L, Stephens, " II, 1837, 29 S, E, H, K. Walton, July 15, 1836, 29 S. W, Jered H, Shaler, May 2, 1837, 30 N. E, Leticious Gellespie, " 21, 1837- 30 S, W. " s. 1837- 31 N. E, " 5. 1837- 31 N,W, July 15. 1836. 31 S. E, April 18, 1837- 31 S. W, OF MILWAUKEE, 357 April 5, 1837, 30 N, W, Gilbert Davidson, tr, Wm, Burbeck, " 21, 1837. 30 S. E, Wm. Davidson, tr, SUas Griffith, Amasiah Coverdale, tr, Silas Griffith, Cyrus Billings, tr, D. H, Richards, Cyrus Billings, tr, D, H, Richards, Joseph Leveritt, tr. John Rose, April 15, 1837. SUas Griffith. Mar. 20, 1837. 32 N. E. John HoweU, tr, Chester Danforth, " 20, 1837, 32 N. W. John Howell, tr. B, F. CoykendaU, fr, Henry W. Cowles, fr, Chester Danforth, November 15, 1838. " 18, 1837. 32 S. E. Elijah Gaston, fr, Henry P. Westcot, November 10, 1838. April 26, 1838. 32 S. W, E, D, Philips, tr, John \'osburgh. Mar. 18, 1837, 33 N. E, Elijah Gaston, tr. David MiUer. " 20, 1837. 33 N. W, John Howell. " 24, 1837. 33 S. E, Asa Kinney, " 18, 1837. 33 S. W. John W. Thomas, fr. Mary L. Perry, October 28, 1837, tr. Edwin J. Westcot, AprU 25, 1837. 34 N. E. Chesna Adams, Mar, 18, 1837, 34 N. W. Elijah Gaston. AprU 25, 1837. 34 S. E, Sally S, Adams. " 24, 1837. 34 S. W, Jeremiah McCreedy. Mar. 20, 1837. 35 N. E. Lafayette Hill, tr, Samuel Wilson, tr, Lemuel Fields, tr, Riley Hart, tr, Geo, Babcock, April 24, 1837- 35 N, W. Wm, Manning. " 24, 1837- 35 S, E, F. L. Stephens, fr. James Chadwicl " 24, 1837- 3S S. W, Thomas McCormick, May 27, 1837- 36 N, E, T. McCormick. Oct. 14, 1836, 36 N.W, Lester Marshall. June 5, 1837- 36 S, E. Jacque 'Vieu. Dec I, 1836. 36 S, W. Chas, Moore. Town 6, Range 22,— Town of Lake, I, ^.3. Lake Michigan. June 29, 1836. 4 N, E, E. Chase, M. D., tr, Horace Chase, AprU 25, 1837- 4 N,W, Horace Chase. June 17, 1836, 4 S. E. Joel T, Wilcox, " 9. 1836, 4 S, W. Alexander Stewert, April 28, 1837- S N. E. Joseph Potbien, Mar. 30, 1837- s N.W. Martin Delaney, June 2, 1836, s S. E. Loren Carlton, Jan, 12, 1837- s S, W. Wm, H. Skinner, May 17, 1836, 6 N. E. Samuel Jackson, tr. Josh. Feriss, AprU 26, 1837- 6 N.W. Wm, Shew, May 24, 1836, 6 April 19, 1837- 6 July 9, 1836. 7 358 PIONEER HISTORY S. E. GalutiaOdeU. S. W, Joseph E. Tuttle. N, E, N. W. Easling, tr. Walter Shattock, , August 7, 1837- May 2, 1836. 7 N.W, Samuel Hinman, tr, Jock Shepew,' AprU 28, 1837, tr. Willard N. Daggert, tr. Daniel Landen. April 28, 1837. 7 S. E. Henry Shew, Jr. May 7, 1836. 7 S. W. David Worthington, tr. Gaspard Dux. Nov, 7, 1836. 8 N. E, Elijah Tabor, fr, E, Chase, August 5, 1839, AprU 10, 1837, 8 N. W. John Corss, fr. U. B. Smith, April 13, 1839, tr. John Corss, June 2, 1836, 8 S, E. Elmira Shaff, tr, John Douglass. May 7, 1836, 8 S, W, Daniel Wofthington, Jr., tr. Hiram Johnson. Jan, 28, 1837, 9 N. E, BraziUa Douglass. Mar, 28, 1837, 9 N, W. Joseph Williams, " 20, 1837, 9 S. E, Ely Crago, tr. Horace Chase, " 21, 1837, 9 S. W. Harvey Church. ' April 29, 1837. 10 N, E, Lake Michigan. " 26, 1837, 10 N, W, John Ogden. July 26, 1836. 10 S. E. Alexander Stewart. Sept, 13, 1836. 10 S, W, Elijah S. Estes, II, 12, 13, Lake Michigan, Nov, 16, 1838, 14 N. E, George Dunham, April 12, 1837. 14 N. W. Calvin HaU, June 6, 1836. 14 S, E, Abraham Balser, tr, D, W, Patterson, tr. James A. King. July 1, 1836. 14 S, W, Thos, Brock, AprU 20, 1837. 15 N. E, James S. McFadden. Aug, 15, 1836, 15 N. W, H. H. Branan, tr. Russel Bennett. April 29, 1837, 15 S. E: Zebulan Parkland, " 29, 1837, 15 S, W, Betsy Parkland, tr, Russel Bennett, tr. Geo. Franklin Packard, November 14, 1836. June 2, 1836. 17 N. E, C;urtis Reed, tr, Ch, Sanderson, tr, Edmond Sander son, tr, Jesse Hoft, tr. Edmond Sanderson, tr J. B. Miller, May 27, 1836, 17 N.W, Andrew Douglass, April 23, 1836, 17 S, E. Edmond Sanderson, " 23, 1836, 17 S, W, David A, Barnard, Sept. 7, 1836. 18 N. E. Daniel W. Patterson. May 31, 1836, 18 N.W, Allen Poff, Aug, 4, 1836. 18 S, E. Margaret Shields, May 31, 1836. 18 S. W, Rachel Poff, tr. Sarah Poff. July 29, 1836. 19 N. E. Solomon Juneau, tr. Isaac Frederich. / OF MILWAUKEE, 359 (( 29. 1836. 19 N.W, Mar. 20, 1837- 19 S, E, May 22, 1837- 19 S, W, Oct. 31, 1836, 20 N, E, June 16, 1836. 20 N, W. J, B, Thibeau, fr. Josiah Field, April 22, 1839, tr. John C. Schermerhorn, tr. Wm, A, Rice. Theodore Labone, tr. John W. Bell, tr, David Merril, tr, S, S, Raymond, John B, Thibeau, J. C, Howard. Peter Cure, tr, Ezra Stone, June i, 1837, fr. Chauncey H, Stone, April 27, 1843, AprU 25, 1837, 20 S, E, John W, BeU, tr, Daniel Waite, tr, Benjamin Ack ley, tr, N >^ to J. Schulgan. Geo. Goodman, tr. Peter Cure, tr, Geo. Goodman, Morgan L, Burdick, Morgan L, Burdick, Samuel Burdick, tr, John Potter, tr. Wm. Bunnel, tr. yi to Robert Sheilds, X to Wni, Bunnel, ^ to Hiram Bigelow, Noble Munson, tr, James C, Howard. Benjamin Piper, tr, Jared Thompson, Samuel Piper, tr. Eli Craigo, tr. Hiram Persons, Liddy Williams. T. L. Worthington, tr, Hiram Persons, June 6, 1837- Geo, H. Wentworth. Horatio Nelson. Daniel P. Packerd. Wm. Sacia, tr. Orlando Ellsworth. Lake Michigan. Daniel Bromley, tr, Geo, H, Wenworth, Lake Michigan, Daniel Bromly, Lake Michigan. Noah Prevo. Lake Michigan. Noah Prevo. Orren A. Thompson. John Walker, tr. H. N. WeUs, tr. Dennis J. Hurd, fr, Zephaniah Bromley, December 26, 1837, Charles Sweet, tr. Ely Crago, Spencer Burlingame, Alexander McDonald, Alexander McDonald, tr. Edw. Simons, tr. Sam Piper, June 16, 1837. Alexander McDonald, tr. Job Galloway, tr. Spencer Burlingame. " 25, 1837- 20 S, W, May 26, 1836, 21 N, E, April 25, 1836. 21 N.W, July 21, 1836, 21 S. E, " 13. 1836, 21 s, w. Aug. I, 1836, 22 N, E. April 12, 1837- 22 N, W, Nov. 21, 1836, 22 S, E, June 27, 1836. 22 S, W. July 17, 1836, 23 N. E. Aug. IS, 1836, 23 N, E, " 22, 1836, 23 S, E. April 17, 1837- 23 S. W, " 27, 1837- 24 24 N. E, N,W, " 28, 1837- 24 24 S. E. S. W. 25 N. E. May I, 1837- 25 N. W 25 S. E. July 17. 1836, 25 S. W, Sept, 13, ,836. 26 N, E, Oct, 25, 1836, 26 N.W, AprU 28, 1837- 26 S, E. Aug. 9, 1836, 26 S, W, Mar, 18, 1837- 27 N, E. " 18, ii837. 27 N.W. " 18, 1837- 27 .S, E, 360 PIONEER HISTORY May 26, 1836. 27 S,. W, James Kirkpatrick, tr. Wm, Atwood, Jr., tr. Jacob Mahany, November 16, 1838. " 23, 1837, 28 N, E. Elijah Faber. July 14, 1836. 28 N. W. John Douglass. April 18, 1837. 28 S, E, Louis B, Packard, " 23, 1836, 28 S, W. Benjamin Haisty, tr, Hiram Bigelow, Oct. 14, 1836. 29 N, E. Henry P. Cleaveland, May 28, 1836, 29 N, W. Cyrus A. HoweU, Oct. 21, 1836. 29 S. E. Wm. Wentworth, fr. Geo, N, Cobb, tr, Ezra Stone, tr- G, N, Cobb. AprU 29, 1836, 29 S, W. Henry J, Hildreth, tr, Geo. N. Cobb, tr. D. A. J. Upham, January 18, 1838, May 27, 1836, 30 N, E, John B, Thibeau, tr. Alexander Galarneau, April 3, 1837. 30 N. 'W. James Daly, tr, Louis Rattelle, May 28, 1836. 30 S. E. Joseph Dulong, April 28, 1837, 30 S, W, Henry S, (^lark, tr. J. E. Howe, December 26, 1836, tr. B. Hammond, tr, J, E, Howe. May 16, 1836. 31 N, E. Derdrick Hofmire, tr, Chas, Vieau, tr, B, E. Con stable, tr. Wm. Payne. July 19, 1836, 31 N, W, W. H. Russel, tr. Aaron Herriman, fr, C, W. Schwartz, tr. A, Herriman, tr. Charles H. Larkin and N. Prevo, May 17, 1824, Mar, 31, 1836, 31 S, E. Sarah Poff, tr. Rachel Poff. May 8, 1837. 31 S. W. Derdrick Hofmire. Dec. 26, 1836. 32 N. E. Douglass Smith, tr. Samuel Dolph. June 17, 1837. 32 N. W, Elihu Higgins, tr, S, Dolph, tr, B, F, CoykendaU, May 28, 1836, 32 S, E, John HoweU, July 22, 1836. 32 S. W. Milo Johnson, tr, Edwin Eaton, tr. C. H, Peak. April 12, 1837, 33 N, E, Edward West. May 28, 1836, 33 N, W, Albert H. Smith. July 19, 1836, 33 S, E, Clark Thompson, tr. John Davis. June 25, 1836, 33 S, W, J, Howell. Dec. 3, 1836, 34 N. E, Lyman Burlingame, tr, Huron Beckworth, January 31. 1839- May 26, 1836, 34 N. W, Asa Smith, tr, Alanson Burlingame, June 27, 1836, 34 S, E, Benjamin Church, 'fr, Thomas Slewellin, May 21, 1838, fr, Benjamin Church, Mar, 21, 1837. 34 S, W, Henry Clark, tr, Jesse Baldwin. Dec. I, 1836, 35 N, E, Monick Moore, tr, John Harrison, October 10, 1838, fr. A. Robinson, January 26, 1839. April 17, 1837. 35 N.W, Ezekiel Adams, tr, Joseph K, Loury. " 23, 1836, 35 S, E, Wm, Cooley. July 29, 1836, 35 S, W. Wm, Sivyer, 36 N. E, Lake Michigan, OF MILWAUKEE, 361 May 29, 1836, 36 N, W, James Backs, tr, Andrew D, Stephens, August 19, 1837, tr, B, Douglass, 36 S. E, Lake Michigan, " 23, 1839, 36 S. W. Francis W, Heading, fr, Robert Chambers, October II, 1837, fr. John T, Haight, November 10, 1838, REMINISCIAL. The Three Johnsons. There were three brothers by the name of Johnson, two of whom, Hiram and Milton, came in 1836, and settled upon the northeast quarter of Section 7,6, Town 7, Range 21, Town of Wauwatosa, their log cabin standing where Falk's brewery now does — and Solon, who came in 1839 — who wiU form the subject ot this reminiscence. And first of Hiram, or " Uncle Hiram," as he was usually called, who, to the vocation of a farmer, added that of a Methodist local preacher or exhorter, and who used to hold forth occasionally in the cabins of the settlers, up to 1840, when, becoming partially insane upon the sub ject of reUgion, he quit work and commenced a sort of nomadic mis sionary life, going from house to house, and singing and praying in every family. It mattered not to him what the inmates might be about, he would come right in, sing a hymn, and pray sometimes for an hour or more, until the thing became a nuisance — so much so that many were compelled to forbid him admission to their dwellings. He was a man of large frame, very muscular and powerful; had a strong will, was very decided in his way; spoke slowly and deliber ately, except when upon his favorite theme, religion, when his deliv ery was rapid enough. He had a large head, dark hair, sallow com plexion, dark eyes, large and lustrous. He had fair business abilities, but not sufficient education to fill a very high position as a pulpit orator, his manner being wholly sensational. As an illustration of Uncle Hiram's style of oratory, I will relate a little incident that occurred in the little Methodist chapel, southeast corner of East Water and Huron streets, December 31st, 1839, dur ing a revival meeting then in progress there. A few of us, myself and wife among the number, had assembled to hold watch-night, ac cording to the old time-honored custom, and get revived, the preacher in charge being the Rev, Mr, Brayton, assisted by Uncle 46 362 PIONEER HISTORY Hiram. The pulpit consisted of a plain pine desk, about four feet in height by eight in length; upon each end of which was a tallow can dle, no gas being used at that time (except in the pulpit.) These two candles, supplemented by four more hung along the wall, furnished all the light there was in the house. The meeting was opened by Father Brayton in the usual manner, after which Uncle Hiram arose to exhort. He had not spoken more than five minutes, however, before he began to warm up to his work, and in order to make his points tell, brought his brawny fist down upon the desk with a thud that caused the candle nearest his hand to leap up some six inches, turn a somersault, and land upon the floor. At this. Brother Brayton sprang to the rescue, but had no sooner got the candle in place again, than the other came down. And then commenced the most ludi crous performance that I ever witnessed inside of a church ; Johnson pacing the floor behind the desk, and dehvering a blow at each end that sent the candle spinning to' the floor ; and Brayton in front, set ting them up, and at the same time keeping his head well out of the reach of the old man's arms, which were mowing the air like the arms of a wind mill, which, in fact, they were just then. O, he was just a-booming ! You could have heard him distinctly a block away. This sort of amusement must have lasted at least five minutes, the two keeping about neck-and-neck. At last, hoWever, Uncle Hiram, to use a nautical phrase, " forereached " on Brother Brayton, and be fore the one down could be set up again, closed his exhortation and the show at the same time, by bringing his hands together upon the one up, extinguishing it in a twinkling. This episode nearly broke up the meeting, most of those present having become by that time sufficiently revived to leave. Neither has this incident been related out of a spirit of levity; nevertheless, it was a most ludicrous sight while it lasted. Mr. Johnson continued in this way for som.e two years after that, when he met with an accident that unfitted him for further usefulness in the ministry, after which he removed first to Walworth county, and lastly to Omro, where, I beheve, he still resides, engaged in the man ufacture of shingles. Killing of Milton Johnson. ' Of Milton Johnson, it might be said that, although not inferior, and OF MILWAUKEE, 363 perhaps superior in many respects in mental ability to his brother Hiram, yet his mind became more unsettled upon religious subjects than was his, until he finally came to believe he was J^sus Christ, claimed to have the power to heal the sick, raise the dead, cast out devils, and the like; (the latter individual he used to raise occasion ally ) At length he commenced a series of lectures in the old ball alley upon Market Square, where he held forth at intervals to the miscel laneous and unregenerate crowd of boys and loafers, who were fool ish enough to attend upon his ministrations, until the 17th of March, 1842, when he came to his end as follows: There was at that time an old vessel — the schooner Columbia — aground upon the bank in what is now known as the basin, at the intersection of Reed and South Water streets, from which a chain cable had been carried across the river to the dock in the rear of Dousman's warehouse at the foot of East Water street, and attached to a portable windlass that had been placed there for the purpose of hauHng the vessel off the bank. Through the mortise in the barrel of this windlass, a 4x4 eighteen foot oak scantling had been run to the center, for a lever upon which G. D, and Geo, G. Dousman, Lo tan H. Lane and several others were heaving, but were not quite strong enough to effect her release. They were just on the point of attaching a horse to one end of the lever, when a wagon, in which were Milton Johnson and three others, came along and stopped near by. Upon seeing them, Mr. Dousman, in a half jocular manner, made the remark that here was a man wh(? could move her, at the same time calling upon them to lend a hand. Thereupon they all jumped out of the wagon, seized hold of the scantling, and hove away until they had brought a fearful strain upon the cable. This additional power, although not sufficient to move the vessel, was sufficient to break the scanding, which it did exactly in the center, one-half of it, including all that were hold of it, at once falling to the ground. The strain upon the cable caused the other half, which remained in the windlass, to revolve backwards with lightning-like rapidity, prostrating all who had hold of it except Johnson, who, for some un explained reason, was not thrown down, and who received the full force of the blow from the end of the scantling upon the back of his 364 PIONEER HISTORY head, killing him instantly. The others escaped with one or two slight scratches. How any of them escaped instant death, is a mys tery. Milton was buried in the old First ward cemetery. His funeral was from the new Methodist church on Broadway, just north of Oneida, known of late years as the Larrabee House. And here also occurred another scene not often witnessed at a fu neral. The pine coffin containing his remains had no sooner been brought into the house, and the family, consisting of his aged mother and his brothers, Hiram and Solon, taken their seats in front of it, than Hiram electrified those present by singing what he called his negro hyrtin, in a loud, camp meeting style, his eyes closed, and his feet keeping time with the music. I well remember the mingled look of pity and mortification upon the face of Solomon Juneau, who hap pened to be present, at this extraordinary proceeding. In person, Milton Johnson was of medium height ; had dark hair, and small, dark eyes ; spoke short and quick ; had an exceedingly nervous temperament, a strong will, and an iron constitution, I be lieve he was never m.arried, Solon Johnson. Of the eccentricities and wanderings of Solon Johnson, a whole volume might be written. In person, he was six feet or more in height ; had red hair, blue eyes, and a sandy complexion ; walked very slow and dignified ; was as straight as an arrow, and was in no respect like either of his brothers. If he ever becomes insane, it will not be on account of ha-ving too much religion — scarcely. He was engaged at one time, in connection with his brothers, in supplying the steamboats with wood ; this was in 1839-40. He also speculated largely in real estate at various points, particularly at Port Washingon, where he was at one time quite a nabob, and considered very wealthy. He was also a prominent Democratic politician, in which capacity he represented Port Washington in the Legislature in 1849-50, during which he acquired a not very enviable reputation. He was also a prominent member of the Ancient Oriental Evanic Order of the IOOI, an institution which was very popular in those days, among the . members of the Legislature ; an institution, also, from whose halls many a neophyte has gone forth with a full diploma, and if not a OF MILWAUKEE. 365 wiser man than when he went in, it certainly must have been for the want of ability to comprehend its sublime beauties, and not the fault of the institution, whose members were in no wise slack in their at tention to those seeking light at their hands. Mr. Johnson has also been quite a traveler, but is at present a citi zen of Nevada, where he settled some ten or twelve years ago, as a speeulator in mining stocks, and a deadbeat generally. It is perhaps not unjust to him to state tiiat, for a man of his ability, he has not reached the plane he might, had he followed a different route. But such is life. Norwegian John's Dive. Among the amusing incidents which occurred in 1840, in connec tion with the old ferry at the foot of East Water street, was the fol lowing : The ferry was operated by a rope running in a groove made in the ends of two upright or short posts fastened to the side of the scow, and out of which it was necessary to drop it whenever the Trowbridge or the Badger passed up or down the river, otherwise their rudders would catch on and part it. Now, Captain Porter, who was running the Trowbridge at that time, was not any too friendly to the ferry man, " Highwegian John,'' as he was usually called, a thick-set, wooden-headed, half stupid son of old Norway, and never let slip an opportunity to annoy him by getting foul of" and parting his rope, which he often did before John, whose immense feet prevented his moving about very fast, could drop it from the grooves. Finding, one day, that he was fast as usual, he rang the bell for the engineer, D. C. Reed, to open her, which he did. As John saw the rope begin to " tauten," (I believe that is the proper nautical term,) he began to yell and pull at it, in order to get it out of the grooves. The strain upon it increased constantly, until out it came with a tremendous jerk, sending poor John, whose hands were firmly glued to it, forty feet up stream, like a stone thrown from a catapult. In fact, such was the velocity with which he moved, that you could fairly hear him whizz. No " hell-diver " ever disappeared quicker at the flash of the sportsman's gun, than did John beneath the murky waters, causing them to boil like a pot. He quickly reappeared, 366 Pioneer History of Milwaukee. however, and swam to the scow, a wetter if not a wiser man, but not in a very amiable state of mind, being just in time to hear Captain Porter exclaims, " Take that, you old hippopotamus, and if you don't keep a better lookout, the next time I get hold of your durned old rope, I'll jerk you clean to Wauwatosa." John did keep a better lookout after that, at least for the Trow bridge, and would have his line in the water before she got within a hundred feet of him. This performance was, without any exaggera tion, the handsomest involuntary immersion that it was ever my luck to witness. ERRATA. Page 54, for Mr. Sivyer read William Sivyer. Page 68, for Stephen V. R. Norris read Stephen V. R. Harris. Page 185, for L, G. Higby read L, J. Higby. Page 238, for Wallace W. Mygatt read Geo. W. Mygatt. ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE The Old Court House and County Building 55 and 56 The Old American House 86 Juneau's Old House 132 The Mitchell BuUding 135 Milwaukee House ., 163 Light House 169 and 1 70 Old Cottage Inn 179 New Cottage or Harriman House 181 Delcampo's Exchange -- 201 Cut of Block 3 202 Cut of Roger's Block 220 Umted States Hotel.. 237 Chamber of Commerce 243 Speeding a Dog 258 Old First Church, corner of Milwaukee and Mason Streets 290 Immanuel Church 303 INDEX TO VOLUME I. PAGE. Author' s General History 3 Appointments for MUwaukee County, by Governor Dodge 73 Agriculture in 1836 ¦ ; 82 Amusing Incidents 122—128 Arnold, Jonathan E : 242 Addresses before Old Settler's Club 253 Buisson de St. Comes, John - 10 Burnett, Ellsworth, killing of 3I 368 pioneer history PAGE. Buildings on East Side in 1836 41 " West " 46 Brick Yard, first 48 Buildings erected in 4837.-, 107 Baumgartner, Wm ^ 130 Bates, EU 151 Bull baiting 153 Bee hunting » 167 Banks 179 Bridge built 187 Barbecue 191 Burdick, Morgan L 220 Brown, Deacon Samuel , 236 Brown, Wm 244 Bowman Geo 244 Chase, Horace, Narrative erf 14 " " Biography of , 207 Chase, Dr. Enoch, Narrative of 21 " " Biography of 206 Cottage Inn 25 Clyman, Cob James 31 — 32 Cat Soup , , 33 Claims prior to 1838 39 Census of Wisconsin, 1836 69 Court House, the Old 79 Churches, First Services gi County Finances to 1839 154 Canal Factions .• ic8 Consolidation of the Two Wards 157 1 ja Canal Opening 164 Cross, William, Incidents of ^ 178 Crawford, John 212 Crocker, Hans , 219 Castieman, Dr. A. L 1 224 Cheney, Rufus, Jr .' 226 Cary, Joseph 228 Cramer, Eliphalet j 240 ChUds, John .~ ^ 246 Chronological Record 279 Deaths among Pioneers of 1836 ^ cj Duelling , 170 Dousman, George D 215 Talbot C '. 2l6 of MILWAUKEE 369 PAGE. Election in October, 1836 70 Election, General, 1836 72 Early Buildings of Note ¦ 76 — 78 Early Correspondence 88 Father Pierre Marquette 10 First Trader 10 First Anglo Saxons II Fowler, Albert, Narrative of 12 First Map of Milwaukee 18 " Frame DweUing 24 " Contract for Lots 28 " Sale of Lots 28 " Election 28 " Murderers -... 80 Ferries in 1836 - 83 First Newspaper 91 Frazier, Judge Wm. C 117 Fight with Indians 120 First Fire Company - 188 Fowler, Albert, Biography , 204 Furlong, John 227 Founders of MUwaukee 231 Gregory, John, Engineering 198 Gardner, Wm. M ' 245 History ofthe Author 3 Histories of Milwaukee 9 Hotels, "Vieux, BeUe "View and United States 25, 26 and 76 High Water 96 Hubbard, Otis 129 Hoosier John 131 Hollister, D. S., Incident I53 Horn, Frederick W 226 Holton, Edward D 228 Hathaway, Joshua 237 Plawley, Cyrus 239 Hinman, Deacon Samuel 244 Historical Poem, by the Author 281 Indians, Treaties and Removal 20 Incidents, Amusing r 122—128 Indians, Removal of H^ " Noted Persons Among 147-150 Immigrants, First 181 47 370 pioneer history PAGE. Juneau, Solomon, lo and 231 " Mrs 148 Jefferson, Opening Store in. 166 Keenan, Matthew 223 Kilbourn, Byron 233 Loomis, L, G 11 Letters, List of in 1836 49 Land Office 75 " Sale — Moneys Received 161 Ludington, Ex-Governor Harrison 225 Lapham, Increase A 246 iMartin, M, L,, Letter , 16 Map of MUwaukee in 1833 18 " " " 1835 and '36 20 Miller, Henry, Anecdote 26 MUwauKCe, as it looked in 1836 53 Map of Wisconsin 68 Menomonee Marsh 97 MiUer, Henry, Biography 215 Mitchell, Alexander 217 Merrill, Wm. P 221 MUler, Judge Andrew G 234 .\1 urray, James 241 Narrative of Albert Fowler 12 " Horace Chase 14. " Dr, Enoch Chase 21 Nigger Joe 29 Newspaper Warfare 73 Noyes, Dr, Thos, J 245 Opening of Straits, Dates, 1841 — 1870 87 Old Settler's Club 201 Ogden, John. 224 Pioneers, who came in 1833 and 1834 u Parmelee, Aaron, Anecdote of 19 Pioneers, who came in 1835 23 and 27 Porter, Capt, , Incident of 29 Pioneers, who came in 1836 35 ^57 Proceedings, for General Election 70 72 Pickle John, Humorous Incident 92 Pre-historic 08 Pioneers, who came in 1837 106 Pigeon Shooting 121 Personal Sketches ,,,,,,,, , 129 OK MILWAUKEE, 371 PAGE. Prentiss, Nathaniel C '. 131 Pioneers, who came in 1838 133 Politics, in 1838 136 Pioneers, who came in 1839 157 1840 183 Prentiss, Wm, A 219 Proudfit, Dr, Wm, P 237 Pomeroy, F. C 239 Pettibone, Sylvester 241 Pixley, John W 243 Representation under First Census 70 Railroads ¦ 74 Revais, Jos 131 Receipts and Expenditures of County to 1839 154 Rood, Sidney L., Sketch of 195 Richards, Daniel H 210 Survey of Lots, First ; 20 Steamboat, U, S 23 Saw Mill, The First 26 Sentinel, The 117 Smith, Egbert Herring 170 Speeding an Immigrant 195 Sweet, Alanson 211 Turnips, Large 48 Territorial Government 68 " Officers 68 Town and County Officers in 1836 69 Temperance Meeting 87 — 88 Town Government Organization 108 Two Nice Men 187 Trowbridge, Wm, S 210 Tweedy, John H 221 Upham, Don A, J 223 'Vieux, Jacques 25 'Vessels, First Arrivals -, 84 " Arrivals in 1836 . .^" 84—86 " First Arrivals from 1841 — 1870 87 " Arrivals in 1837 129 1838 154 " " 1839 179 Vliet, Garrett 211 Valedictory - 249 Wells, Daniel, Jr,, Letter of 3° 372 Pioneer History of Milwaukee, page. Women, First Settlers 102 Wooden, Timothy 130 Wingfield, Frederick A 1 70 Wells, Daniel, Jr., Biography 209 Williams, Henry 2 12 Wolcott, Dr, E, B 213 Weeks, Dr. L, W 214 Ward, Lindsey , 222 Wardner, Frederick 230 Walker, Geo. H 232 Wells, Horatio N 243 Yates, Peter, his Leap 192 INDEX TO VOLUME II. PAGE. Ash-e-ka-pa-we, Confession of. 19 Agricultural Society, Formed 49 Arnold, Joseph E 81 Aldrich, Owen 81 American House, Landlords of 84 Austin, Geo. F., Sketch of .^ 89 Arcade, Where Located 89 Advertiser, Death of 108 A Large Family no Appointments by the Governor 136 AUis, Ed. P 241 Allen, WiUiam 241 Allen, Geo. W 241 Allen, Rufus, Jr 241 AUen, J. B '. 244. Adler, Solomon 244 Adoption of Charter 251 Aldermen Elected 25 1 Atkins, H, C - 262 Adams, F, F 282 Ancient Oriental Evanic Order of the looi 282 and 183 Appendix, Claim Record 325—361 Burnett, Ellsworth, Killing of 14 Burnett Claim, where Located 17 Burnett, Where Born 20 Barrel of Pork - 42 Bean, Jacob L 85 Brown, Wm, W 83—153 Blacksmiths 92 374 pioneer history PAGE Board Meetings 103 — 130 Blooded Stock, First Introduced , 168 Breweries, the First Erected 116 Baker, Ja.s, S 118 Byron, Wm, H .' 120 Bonesteel, J, N 128 — 204 Bank, Sketch ¦ 135 Boats for 1841 ' 144 Bradley & Metcalf 153 Bayles & Hacket 156 Ballard,J 158 Blair, F, J 158 Boyce, Stephen 161 Brick Yards 164 Boys Visit Eli '. 171 Bridge 172, 199 and 224 Burglaries 180 Bradford Bros 2og Becher, J. A -. 210 Bad Blood 217 Bull Whackers 225 Beebee, H. H 241 Baker, T, L 244 Bank Statement 255 Bean, I, M 265 Beam, J, L 85 Bridge War 269 — 277 Blodgett, Geo, F 265 Clyman, James, Sketch of 12 Clyman, Letter from 17 Card from Settlers 22 Corrections to Volume I 25 — 27 Chapter 3, Opening of 81 Clifford, John 82 Cole, Eben ." 84 CoUins, Jas, E , 84 Cady & Farwell 87 Carpenters 92 County Officers 103 — 1 76 Canal Directors 104 — 165 'Celebration 104 — 218 Crops 115 Clark, A, F 118 of MILWAUKEE, 375 PAGE, CoUingbourne, Thos J25 Commission Houses ,27 Cotton, L, H ,2^ County Convention 146, 168, 176,222,248 Census j _ Chapter V j-j Cut Through the Beach n.2 Cook & Gove je- Changes Made j6q City Charter 177^ 225, 231 Cottage Inn 178,246 Climate 226 Couldn't Sleep 226 Chapter VII Chamber of Commerce 244 Cameron, John 245 Cogswell, Geo 245 Corbet, Capt. Dan 246 Census 253 County Divided 252 Carpenter, A. V. H 262 Carriage, When First Brought 277 Churches, Pioneer 284 — 307 Closing Remarks 324 Douglass, Barzillai - 24 Doctor Cary, Shooting of. 41 Dentists 92 Druggists J 99 Dunlop, John 102 Donaldson, N. S 119 DiUaye, Stephen T 121 Downer, Jason, Sketch of 124 Davis & Moore 128 Dewey, Chas. C 129 Doty's Military Appointments , 142 Dousman, Geo. D 153 Derermer, J, B 158 Douglass, Jas - 160 Democratic Courtesy : 200 Daggett, S, S ;- 209 Doran, J. L '- 210 Douglass & Piatt 245 376 pioneer history PAGE. Elections, First Held, 1835 29 " " 1836 47 " at Racine , 29 " at Kenosha 30 East Water Street, FiUing of by Jeremiah Coffee 109 Election 112, 172, 198, 230, 249 E-viston, J, M 126 Eldred, Elisha 126 Exports 180 East Water Street 202 — 207 Emery, Edward 209- Erie Street, When Opened 214 Early Legislation 254 First Mention of Milwaukee II First Public Meeting 22 — 24 Finch's Addition '. 46 Fields, Pleasant 73 Finch, Asahel, Sketch of 94 P'erguson, David, Sketch of 98 Ferry, Travel on 109 Fay, Geo. W 118 Fowler, Geo, G 120 Fillmore, John S 124 Foster, Alvin 137 First Tannery 147 Foundry 156 Fire Wardens 165 Fire 165, 182, 168, 234 — 237 Fraud Discovered 167 Fire Company 218, 245 FrankUn Coffee House 241 First Election of School Commissioners Under Charter 252 Fairbairn, E 262 First Steam Flouring Mill, 278 — 281 Greulich, August 84 Gorham, William 99 GoodaU, Ira E 158 Gates, L. M 240 Graves, Jas, P 244 Harbor, Where First Surveyed 12, 1 14, 140, 167, 234 Hollister, David S 75 Hatch, Allen W 83, 137 Heminway, Joel W 85 OF MILWAUKEE. 377 PAGE. Hurley, Chas. S q^ "°™^ 100, loi, 113 Horn, K ,q„ Hayden, Mortimer [21 Higby, L. J 121, 185, 189 Hale, P. C 121 Hill, Priam B 126 Huebschmann, F 128 Hathaway, Joshua _ 137 Holton, Ed. D 153, 158 Hewitt, Gideon P 155 Hotel Changes 162, 163, 200, 201, 245 Houghton & Sons 208 Hartman, T. 0 201 Haskell & Harmon 210 Higgins, M. W 210 Hopkins, I. A 210 Harper Brothers 240 Hall, W. H 244 HolUster, J 262 Hagerman, J, J 265 Hinton, J. W 265 Hale, O, J " 265 Hill, J. F 265 Introduction 9 Indians, Arrest of, 18 Improvements 109, 148, 171, 174, 177 Indignation Meeting 176 Immigration 177) 24° Imports 180, 218, 219 Juneau, Narcisse 20 Johnson, Hiram 85 Johnson, Solon 85 Johnson, MUton 85 Jewelers , - 99 Juneau House 132 Jennings, R. D. &E.C....- 156 Johnson's Body Found 175 Jackson's Birthday 198 Johnson, Dr. James 208 Johnson, AUen -, 265 Kneeland, James.--.... --r • 82 48 \ 378 PIONEER HISTORY PAGE. Knapp, Geo, F 84 King, Rufus 124 Koch, H. C 126 Krueger, Adam 144 Kendall, J. G 153 King, Walter 157 Kackloff, F ,. 161 Kirby, Abner 208 Kellogg, EU C 241 Kimball, Alva C 244 Kittredge, W, E 262 Kellogg, L, H 267 Kane, A, L 278 Land Sales 22 Lexin gton 41 Law Department 94 Lynde, W, P 96 Liginger, J, B, 99 License Law 107 Lowther, John , 126 Layton, John 131 Layton, Frederick. 131 Lee, Williams ...,.,. 156 Langworthy, A, J 160, 208 Ludington, James 161 Loan Voted 177 Letter to Marshal Shaunier 239 Lane, Moses 265 Langenburger, John 282 Milwaukee, Origin of Name 11 Milwaukee County, When Organized 28 Mahn-a-wauk 38 Manchester 41 Milwaukee's First Editorial 44 Moore, Jas, P 71 McClure, N, A '. 82 McKillip, William 84 Miencer, Philip 84 McKinstry, Horace 84 Messenger, John A 84 Medical Department , 03^ 249 Merrill, J, B , , .' 97 OF MILWAUKEE. 379 PAGE. McCabe, J, P. B 115,221 Moores, H, L. j2i McDonald, J 144 Morton, A. B 144 Mechanics' Society 150 McClure, J, E .- 153 Martin, James B 154 McCracken, N 160 Marsh, Doctor E, S 161 Masonic Lodge Instituted 165 Musical Society 166 Milwaukee, Statistics of 1 74 Mason, John 201 Miller & Cushman 201 Mabbett & Lewis 208 Milbrath, C, W 210 Michael Burke's Raid 216 Miller, Henry 241 Military Hall 242' McFadyen, F 244 Milwaukee Mutual Fire Insurance Co, Formed 246 Milwaukee Light ArtiUery 247 Mayors, List of 253 Merrill, S, S 262 McGregor, J. P 266 McCabe's Letter 277 Nazro & King '- 208 Names of Parties Who Arrested the Indians Who Killed Burnett '- . 19 Newspaper Talk 20 Mames, List of 21, 102, 162 Niedecken, H i27 Norton, L, G 158 Newhall, Daniel I07 New Stage Line 215 Names of Those Who Came Later, Not Previously Mentioned 260—265 Old Maps 12 Olin, Nelson I4 Officers' Commissions 31—36 Old Firms ^7 Old Firms Where Located after the Great Fire 240 Opening of 1842 "7 Ordinance Appointing Street Commissioners 136 380 PIONEER HISTORY PAGE, Odd Fellows 167 Old Lighthouse 169 Old South Pier 189 Our City 216 Opening of 1843 I97 Oil Mill Started 240 Old Settlers' Ball 247 Organization of Board for 1846 25 1 Olin, D. A 262 Peters, George 84 Powder 88 Pritzlaff, J 88 Pomeroy, F. C 99 Proudfit, Doctor W. P 99 Potter, Parcellet Ill Political Ill, 234 Pierron, Lewis 118 Price, William 121 Piers, When First Built 1 50, 183 Persons, E. R 158 Population 1 78, 226 Payne & Van Alstine 202 Palmer & Corbin 208 Preusser, C 209 Plankinton, John ; . . 210 Persecution 1 218 Pierce, William 241 Pardee, J. S 241 Peck, H. P 244 Public Meeting, Last Held in 1845 249 Paul, Geo. H 265 Pereles & Sons 265 Pioneer Association 314 31^ " " In Memoriam 317 324 Queries 43—46 Quin, Jeremiah 265 Rogers, Jacob M 27 Rockwell, J, S '. 83 Rockwell, Legrand g, Rogers, Jas. H ¦. 84, 220 Rapelgee, Jacob 85, 210 Rague & Cheaghard 128 210 OF MILWAUKEE. 381 PAGE. Ripley, Calvin J 123 Ratcliffe, Wm 123 Ross, Jas 123 Reed, Geo ,... 124 Railroad 141 Roads and Bridges 142, 143, 214 Repeal 143 Rathbun, Jas 137, 201 Running Off a Slave 171 Rum Holes , 183 Romer & Murphy 201 Repudiation 214 Report on Finance. 230 — 233 Rate Table 255, 256 Rock, L. B 262 Ray, Charles 264 Speculators at Sheboygan, Miinitowoc and Kewaunee 37 Speech of Mr. Chance 43 Steamer Madison 48 Sanderson, James '. 62 Stowe, Judge A 85 SiU Brothers 92, 128 Steamers, Names of 113, 183 " Arrivals - 149, 173, 226 Stuck Down 115 Shepard & Bonnell 119 Shooting Matches 115 Smith & Brother 115 Smith, A. D 123 Shepardson, C 127 Simonds & Brooke 129 Shipments 149 Steamer MUwaukee Goes Out , 152 Stockton, T. B. W 153 Sinclair, Jas 157 Schultz, Daniel 161 St. Patrick's Day 147 Statement of Alex. MitcheU's Bank 173 Statement of Chamber of Commerce 1 73 Sand Game 205 Sweet, Alanson 240 Sexton & Crane 241 382 PIONEER HISTORY PAGE. Selby, J, B,...' 244 Stoddard, J 244 Steinhart & Adler - 245 Silkman, J, A 245 Sanborn, Geo. W 262 Schools, Pioneer 306 — 314 Sanger, J, Y 209 Schoeffler, Moritz 209 Steamer Champlain 228 Speeding a Dog 257 Smith, Egbert H 259 The Milwaukee 21 The Old Court House 52 Trustees 103, 136, 146, 165, 251 Temperance Society 105 Tripp & Wilson 126 TreadweU, L, L 121 Treat, J, R 128 Town Election 137, 239 Town Meeting , 138 Township Government 139 Trowbridge Goes Ashore 144 Tufts, Amos 153, 245 Them Pills 22? Tremont House 242 Upper Milwaukee 40 Upman, W, D 210 United States Hotel, Cut and Sketch of 237 VaU, Levi 101 Vail, Augustus loi Vail, Geo, E, S 208 Van Slyck, Jesse 158 Van Vechten, Peter 240 Wisconsin, Origin of Name , 12 Wells, P, Jr,, Commission 58, 62 Wheelock, J, H 69 Willard, Gallic K 84 Woodruff, 1 85 Wilcox, Joel S 85 Wells, H, N 101 Washington's Birthday 116. Winter, J 120 OF MILWAUKEE, 383 PAGE, Wells' Letter 112 Wheeler, Russell n8, 208 Wiesner, Ed 128 Wardner, F 128 Weeks, L, W, Speculates in Salt 149 Whig Paper Started 1 74 Warren, Nathan 209 Wing, John 241 Whitcomb, Cyrus 241 Wilcox, T. M 244 Yates, Peter 123 Young Men's Association Formed 240 Yale, Philetus 244 3 9002 Al".-! &' ,Sw.Si»- £ j^-i« ¦^'¦' .s^ll,'^»•/l".¦rJ"l•'< '?¦v-r M- 'M"r"-i\ 5^ f-i;