H!^'Hii!i;l!i.:h'#«SH'?iHSifK;ipptnHi^ Yale University Library MEADOW QUARTER MIELENNIAL 39002015037253 'l-f. » ^ " ''" ^f'i-i-.j.. R 1= // ii M it^^l!' -V t "I give tie/e Booki .for the foututbi^ if a, Ctlltgt m, thtf Ceht^f' Z)c,f>tr. ^'^y^^- J90d- ^ ilWcmorial l^olume NORTHAMPTON'S FIRST CITIZEN HIS EXCELLENCY CALEB STRONG, LL.D. Eleven Times Elected Governor of Massachusetts United States Senator Seven Years THE MEADOW CITY'S (^uarteriWilltnnial 3Soo]^ A Memorial of the Celebration of the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Settlement of the Town of Northampton : Massachusetts June 5th, 6th and 7th, 1904 .\ Mighty Hand, from an exhaustless urn, Pours forth the never-ending Flood of Years Bryant •ff Prepared and Published by Direction of the City of Northampton HERE struck the seed — the Pilgrims' roofless to-wn ; Where equal rights and equal bonds -were set ; Where all the people equal franchised met ; Where doom -was writ of privilege and crown ; Where human breath blew all the idols down ; Where crests were naught, where vulture flags were furled, And common men began to own the world. Give praise to others, early come or late, For love and labor on our Ship of State ; But this must stand, above all fame and zeal : The Pilgrim Fathers laid the ribs and keel. On these strong lines we base our social health — The Man — the Home — the Town — the Commonwealth ! Tohn Boyle O'Reilly's Poem, Dedication of National Monument at Plymouth. Mass., 1889. ^K"^!, 'litftfnvfA1CiimrrvtTraTCfnTofriiilintntr\rr,-oiiiiin,i,iuiii*tMu,iii(,i> iiiKddiiH )Uiiiiiiriifiiiiiiiiliiit(iliMintriM>iriiliiiMi/iiti liliBlHiii 'mitmtumimlimi |(|iiiii(miiiifliiliifiii«(;i|ii(!iii.lfi(ifi;iii;;;/i(iii(f(//w^^^^^^^^ ii«i(l/ii(';;;.'.'it'ii. .in-.-iiii'iMimip \ I! iiiiII'iill i i i' fill r' E £ :¦ I e &*£ * li r j J 1 I I 1 i lUIIUIIIKIIIII €f)is IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED TO THE PIONEER SETTLERS OF THE PLANTA TION OF NONOTUCK : : : THEIR DE SCENDANTS AND SUCCESSORS IN THE Coton of l^ortl^amptoti And the Citizens of the Cttr of i^ottl^ampton to whose Character, Ability, Industry and Enterprise through the Two Hundred and Fifty Years of the Existence of the Munici pality are due ITS HONORABLE AND DISTINGUISHED HISTORY AND ITS PAST AND PRESENT PROSPERITY '¦'¦'.'t^JSwr-'^''. I I f]f|f\ 11i ; = i illl(ll((i||l"lMi rr-vll'^TnmmriiintnnrrHnW •¦-••-• • -i Jikl^^i:::::! ^ ^^^i NORTHAMPTON'SMOST FAMOUS MINISTER Third Minister of Northampton, 1727-1750 o UR fathers' God, from out whose hand The centuries fall like grains of sand, We meet to-day, united, free, And loyal to our land and Thee, To thank Thee for the era done, And trust Thee for the opening one. O, make Thou us, through centuries long, In peace secure, in justice strong; Around our gift of freedom draw The safeguards of Thy righteous law. And, cast in some diviner mould, Let the new cycle shame the old. Whittier The "Old Church," 1812-1876 The Charm of the Town INT R 0 D UCT I ON THIS book -was not intended to be a history of North ampton, and yet it contains, in the pages following — in the various addresses and the work of the historical committees of the great Quarter-Millennial Celebration — most of the essential and important facts which people will care to know regarding such history. For further information, those searching for details are referred to those superlatively valuable works, the manuscripts of Sylvester Judd and Trumbull's His tory of Northampton. Aside from the history of a memorable Celebration and its illustrations of that event, this book will be found especially valuable for its reproduction of portraits of old-time worthies and prominent living citizens of Northampton. This city has no "Hall of Fame" for its great men of the past, but an impos ing roll of honor has certainly been made from the list of local notabilities named in these pages. It is much to be regretted that portraits could not be obtained of such men as General Seth Pomeroy, whose memory has been so greatly honored by the great sister state of New York; of Major Joseph Hawley, the pure patriot and friend of common school education; Hon. Eli P Ashmun, one of Northampton's contributions to the United States Senate ; Rev. Solomon Stoddard, Colonel John Stoddard and Hon. Lewis Strong. It would have been most fitting if portraits of these men of honorable fame and large influence in the making of the town's history could have been given in this volume, and the present and future generations will no doubt greatly regret the inability to produce them. QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION It should not be assumed that the portraits of all the nota ble men of the town that were available are given in these pages. The committee were both surprised and pleased to find so many that they could use — so many in fact that a large book might be filled with them, with brief references to their many virtues. It therefore became a disturbing question, Whose portraits should be given and whose omitted ? Doubtless some that have been omitted are equally worthy of a place in the volume with some whose portraits are given. But, for obvious reasons, the com mittee had to be content with a consensus of the opinion of their own members, on this point. It will probably be recognized how impracticable it would be, in a work of this character, to give biographical sketches of the subjects of portrait. The aim of the compilers of this work was simply, in this respect, to supplement the labors of the his torians of the past, by adding to their work such portraits as might well have accompanied their text; showing that such por traiture, together with that of the representative men of today, is a worthy and important part of Northampton's history for the past two hundred and fifty years. For information as to the lives of the old worthies of the past, whose portraits are given in this work, reference may be had to "Northampton Historicals and Antiquities," by Rev. Solomon Clark; the historical and biographical works of Sylvester Judd and James R. Trumbull, as also to that embodied in the ' ' History of the Connecticut Valley," published by a Philadelphia print ing house. Upon perusing these works, the obvious impossi bility of reproducing such information, even in part, in these limited pages, will appear at once. As to giving herein sketches of our local living worthies, that will be seen to have been equally impracticable, as well as out of taste, especially as local contemporaneous history has yet to be written, and the object of this work is simply to make a general memorial tribute to prominent citizens who have contributed to the building up of the results of the last two hundred and fifty years. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS The Committee, in the progress of their work, imbibed some thing of the "spirit of the occasion." The Celebration was itself founded upon sentiment — love of home and native land and reverence of an honored ancestry — and this has led the compilers to make liberal quotations from some of the great authors, of sentiments appropriate to the Celebration and this volume. In this we have followed no precedent, but have, rather, made a precedent of our own. We trust that these inspiring quotations will meet with a fitting response from every reader. The Committee are indebted to Miss Katherine E. McClellan, Walter A. Sheldon, the Knowlton Brothers, Charles H. Howard and Amand J. Schillare of this city, and many private individ uals, for valuable photographs, and to Edgar J. Lazelle of Springfield for a representation of the bronze relief of St. Gaudens' sculpture work on the head of that beloved son of Hampshire, Dr. Josiah Gilbert Holland. It has been the aim of the Committee to produce a volume that, in print and binding, in size and clearness of type, and in every mechanical excellence, as well as in completeness of record and value of illustrations, would be a credit to the city and an enduring pleasure to its people. With reference to the mechanical execution of the work, this fact seems worthy of mention. It is rarely the case that a book of this character is completed entirely within the walls of one establishment. Yet this is the case with this work. All the engraving and some of the designs were drawn, and the printing and binding were done, in the publishing house of The F. A. Bassette Co., in Springfield, Mass., and in the absence of the usual printers' imprint on the back of the title page, it seems that credit for the superior results obtained is justly due. The origin and organization of the Committee are referred to in the latter part of this work, as a part of the matter related intimately to the Celebration itself, and this Introduction is simply the usual means taken for explanation concerning certain QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION matters elsewhere narrated, which might not otherwise be clearly understood. It should also be said that the work of gathering and preparing the material for the volume has of necessity proceeded slowly, in order to insure accuracy and completeness. It is the hope of the Committee that this record will prove to be acceptable to the people of the city, not only of today, but of future years. As the years roll by, gathering in increasing num ber and forceful character, let it be said, with none to dispute, that the men and women of this and the past generations in Northampton performed their part in the history of their times with such success and honor as to command the approval and admiration of those who shall come after them. Respectfully submitted by the Committee of Publication. Henry S. Gere, Chair-man Egbert I. Clapp Chauncey H. Pierce Charles F. Warner, Secretary DR. HOLLAND LIVED HERE Dr. Josiah Gilbert Hollj^nd Author of "Kathrina," "Bitter-Sweet," etc. 0 UEEN village of the meads, Fronting the sunrise and in beauty throned. With jeweled homes around her lifted brow, And coronal of ancient forest trees, Northampton sits and rules her pleasant realm; There, where the saintly Edwards heralded The terrors of the Lord, and men bowed low Beneath the menace of his awful words; And there, where Nature, with a thousand tongues, Tender and true, from vale and mountain top, And smiling streams, and landscapes piled afar, Proclaimed a gentler gospel, I was born. From "Kathrina," by Josiah Gilbert Holland. THE FIRST CELEBRATION OF SETTLEMENT in the FIRST CHURCH SUNDAY EVENING: ©ctobcr gTtoent^.j^intl), 1854 TWO hundred years had passed since the settlement of the town of Northampton before any notice was taken of the event, so far as there is any record. It remained for the Rev. Dr. Will iam Allen, a former president of Bowdoin college, and later a citizen of Northampton, residing on King street, to initiate and carry to comple tion a fitting though unpretentious recognition of the anniversary. Dr. Allen was then in his 7 2d year, a man of striking personal appearance, with long, flowing locks of gray hair, and the bearing of a representative of antiquity. He was about the only man in the town who took an active interest in celebrating the anniver sary, and to him, by general consent, the task was given of preparing an address suitable to the occasion and carrying out the details of the under taking. Dr. Allen had a high respect for the people of our past generations and a full appreciation of the great work they had accomplished, and he entered upon his task with much Rev. William Allen, D.D. enthusiasm. On the evening of Sunday, Oct. 29, 1854, he delivered his address to an audience that nearly filled the Old Church, notwithstanding the weather was unfavorable. The ser vices were of a character appropriate to such an occasion, most of the local ministers participating. Rev. John P. Hubbard of the Epis copal Church gave the invocation and read from the Scriptures ; a choir of old folks sang an original hymn prepared for the occasion by Dr. Allen, and also sang several other hymns during the evening; Rev. Dr. John Clarke Founder of Clarke Library and Clarke School for the Deaf NORTHAMPTON. MASSACHUSETTS John P. Cleaveland, pastor of the Old Church, offered prayer; Dr. Allen gave his address, which occupied two hours in delivery; Rev. Gordon Hall, pastor of the Edwards Church, offered prayer, and then followed the reading of letters from Benjamin Tappan of Steubenville, Ohio, John and Charles Tappan of Boston, and Lewis Tappan of Brooklyn, sons of Benjamin Tappan, who from 1768 to his decease in 1831, was a leading Northampton merchant ; and Charles Stoddard of Boston, a grandson of Col. John Stoddard and great-grandson of Rev. Solomon Stoddard, the second minister of Northampton. These letters were read by Rev. Dr. George G. Ingersoll, a tempo rary pastor of the Unitarian Church. They are very interestin'g and were listened to with great interest. Dr. Allen's address, notwithstanding its great length, was listened to with much satisfaction, and was published in a pamphlet with other historical and genealogical matter, the whole filling fifty-six pages of small print. Dr. Allen spoke of the early history of the town, its first settlement and the Indians, mentioned the first ministers and some of the distinguished men who have lived here and others who had gained honor in different and wider fields, and concluded with an appeal to the men of the present generation to cherish the princi ples planted and sustained by our fathers. The letters read on this occasion were published in the Hampshire Gazette of Jan. 23, 1855, and fill four columns of close print. The writers were at that time old men, the age of Benjamin Tappan being eighty- four years. They gave many interesting facts about the town, of a reminiscent character, and have a historical value that will never fade. The scope and limit of this Memorial Volume forbid the quoting at length from these letters, but the hope may be expressed that the time will come when they will be given to the public in a more convenient form. Who has not felt how sadly sweet The dream of home, the dream of home, Steals o'er the heart, too soon to fleet. When far o'er sea or land we roam? Moore. Kindlier to me the place of birth That first my tottering footsteps trod; There may be fairer spots on earth, But all their glories are not worth The virtue of the native sod. Lowell. Breathes there a man with soul so dead, Who never to himself hath said This is my own, my native land; Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned, As home his footsteps he hath turned, Froni wandering on a foreign strand ? Scott. Home of our childhood ! How affection clings And hovers around thee with seraph wings ! Dearer thy hills, though clad in russet brown, Than fairer summits which the cedars crown ! Sweeter the fragrance of thy summer breeze Than all Arabia breathes along the seas ! The stranger's gale wafts home the exile's sigh, For the heart's temple is its own blue sky. Holmes. There is a land of every land the pride, Beloved by Heaven o'er all the world beside. 'Where shall that land, that spot of earth, be found ?' Art thou a man ? — a patriot ? — look around ; O, thou shalt find, where'er thy footsteps roam, That land thy country, and that spot thy home ! Montgomery. TWO HUNDRED ^ FIFTIETH ANNI VERSARY OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NORTHAMPTON : MASSACHUSETTS SUNDAY, MONDAY £sf TUESDAY: :^une 5, 6 anO 7, 1904 rHE BEGINNING IT was not until the winter of 1 903 that any decided move was made toward celebrating the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of Northampton. The venerable editor of the Hamp shire Gazette, Henry S. Gere, had called attention, in his paper, to the importance of the approaching event and the desirability of celebrating it in a suitable manner, but nothing was done about it, officially or otherwise, by the city governmsnt or citizens. Very few people appeared, at first, to realize the importance of the anniversary, and, though it was generally conceded that some action should be taken, no one seemed willing to shoulder the responsibility of "starting the ball rolling." There was the fear of being considered over-officious, the lack of time which any one man must necessarily give to the leadership of such an enterprise, and, finally, the possibility of failure and ridicule therefor. In this state of feeling probably the best thing was done that could be done. A petition was circulated in every part of the city, with a view to obtaining the names of so large a number of representative professional and business men and general property owners, as would bring respect and dignity to an appeal to the City Council for action. This petition was circulated during the winter of 1903, and received several hundred signatures, with hearty accompanying words of approval to the bearer of the paper, in most cases. The following statement, from the chairman of the committee on publication of this book, explains itself, and is inserted by vote of the committee : Fortunately, in this emergency, the man for the time appeared in Charles F. Warner, a descendant of one of the early settlers of the town, who started a petition to the city authorities, asking them to take action towards a celebration. He prepared and circulated the petition him- John Pa \- son Willisto A Liberal Benefactor of the Town NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS self and readily obtained the names of about 340 citizens, representing the professional, business and progressive portions of our people, and from that beginning sprung the celebration which has been the pride of every friend of Northampton, both at home and abroad, and which will ever remain a source of satisfaction to all the coming generations of the municipality. Henry S. Gere, Chairman of Pttblication Committee. The petition was laid before the City Council April 30, 1903, and will be found following: THE PETITION To the Honorable, the Mayor, the Board of Aldermen, and the Common Council, of the City of Northa-mpton, Mass.: The undersigned, citizens of Northampton, respectfully represent, that the coming year, 1904, will mark the two hundred and fiftieth, or quarter-millennial, anniversary of the settlement of Northampton; and, whereas, it is fitting, patriotic and desirable that the people of this city should recognize the event in some proper public manner; and, whereas, the Legislature of this State has, by Chapter 109, of the Acts of 1902, given towns and cities the power to appropriate money for the observance of "Old Home Week," in the last week of the month of July: Your petitioners, the undersigned, therefore ask your honorable bodies to take steps, by the appointment of a committee of both boards, with the mayor a member ex-officio, and a committee of three or more citizens to be named by the Mayor, to act together in formulating a plan for the combined celebration of "Old Home Week" and the 250th Anniversary of the settlement of Northampton, during the last week of July, 1904, or at such other time as may be deemed suitable, said com mittee to have permission to call upon such other citizens for sub-com mittees, in executive capacity, as may be necessary. And, to the end that such celebration shall be a fitting, comprehensive and proper one, your petitioners ask that such committee be appointed at once, that QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION they may have ample time to make the great anniversary one worthy of the historic interest which is attached to the city by the country at large, and commensurate with the pride possessed in her by her sons and daughters. Sidney E. Bridgman Joseph Marsh Christopher Clarke Charles H. Dickinson L. Clark Seelye Chauncey H. Pierce Oscar Edwards Warren M. King Edward P. Copeland George L. Wright Henry S. Gere James H. Searle John A. Sullivan William H. Jones Edwin T. Hervey Albert M. Fletcher Augustus B. Graves Thomas Gilfillan William W. Lee George Tucker Edward E. Wood, Jr. William F. Pratt Joseph C. Williams John R. Hillman Henry G. Maynard Avon C. Matthews Edwin C. Cl.ark Winthrop Delano William H. Strong Frederick A. Dayton Henry E. Maynard David B. Whitcomb Waldo H. Whitcomb Edward N. Foote Frank H. Warren Jacob H. Carfrey William C. Day Fred Simpson Nathaniel W. Farrar George L. Marsh Matthew Carroll Frederick E. Chase John W. Lyman William E. Shannon Robert B. Graves Benjamin E. Cook Francis A. Cook A. Lyman Williston Robert L. Williston Frederick N. Kneeland Watson L. Smith Robert E. Edwards Charles N. Clark Samuel B. Parsons Joseph B. Parsons John L. Draper John C. Hammond Frederic A. Macomber George H. Sergeant Robert M. Branch J. Howe Demond Charles E. Till Edwin W. Higbee Edson P. Clark Levi Brooks Frederick T. Atkins WiLLi.vM C. Pomeroy Frank S. Pomeroy Charles H. Heald Henry L. Williams Robert G. Williams Patrick H. Gallen Luther C. Wright John Metcalf Myron L. Kidder Charles B. Kingsley Arthur L. Thayer John L. Warner Fred M. Crittenden William A. Clark Andrew T. Miller William H. Todd George H. Walker William P. Strickland Louis L. Campbell A. Fitch Bromley Charles S. Pratt Herbert R. Graves NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS John C. Mangan James H. Huntington George S. Gere William J. Bray John M. Benson Edward P. Hall J. Dwight Kellogg John P. Thompson Calvin Coolidge Frederick W. Bement William H. Feiker John T. Keating Theobald M. Connor Charles A. Montgomery Peter McHugh Herbert E. Riley Everett C. Stone Alfred G. Carley Ernest W. Hardy Egbert I. Clapp Thomas F. Burns James Masterson Frederick M. Starkweather Harry C. Crafts William H. Riley Carlos C. Tracy Oscar W. Edwards John L. Mather "Osmore O. Roberts John T. Dewey James O. Morin John A. Ross David S. Ramsay Thomas Munroe Shepherd William J. La Fleur Clarence E. Hodgkins Clayton S. Parsons George F. Hillm.vn Homer C. Chapin Charles L. Crittenden Seth S. Warner David J. Wright Byron L. Towne Henry N. Ferry Sydenham N. Ferry Dwight B. Kelton William C. Phelps Hubbard M. Abbott Robert W. Lyman William H. Clapp William Robinson Thomas S. Crafts Edward L. Finn George H. Smith Charles H. Bowker George D. Clark William L. Chilson Edward C. Gere Andrew P. Hancock John B. Riley George D. Briscoll Leonard L. Ball Edward W. Blanchfield Edward W. Brown James McKay Kirk H. Stone Calvin B. Edwards Noah H. Lee Henry N. Brewster William Godfrey George Watson Clark Edwin H. Banister Roderick M. Stark-weather George C. Foster Charles A. Foster James M. Pierce Charles M. Kinney William R. Holliday Henry Jones Robert McNaughton Charles A. Pierce Charles W. Pierce Albert G. Beckmann Richard B. Eisold George R. Turner William K. Staab Ansel V. Anderson Herman Nietsche Edward O. Damon Charles H. Sawyer Chester W. French Jairus E. Clark Phelps & Gare M. M. French & Co. Alfred G. Fearing Louis F. Ruder Amand J. Schillare Frank E. Davis Ellis B. Currier Joseph H. Riley Herbert A. Wiswell Albert E. Addis Samuel L. Hill Founder of Costnian HaU, Florence Kindergarten and Florence High School House NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 11 Frank W. Woodward William E. Cooxey John B. O'Donnell George F. Edwards David C. Crafts John F. Lambie Richard A. Cowing Homer O. Adams Louis Z. Dragon Robert F. Armstrong Marcus Cohn Charles W. Kinney Frederick Kinney William F. Godfrey Roswell F. Putnam Elmer P. Harvey G. Henry Clark Walter L. Stevens Adolphe Menard William A. Bailey Wilmot L. Clark Edwin B. Emerson Thomas F. McGrath Herman A. Despault John E. Bates George F. Harlow Collins H. Gere Oliver Walker George L. Metcalf Frank E. Clark Charles W. Whiting Eugene E. Davis Joseph N. Davenport John J. Raleigh Franklin S. Knowlton Wilbur F. Knowlton John M. Turner Frederick C. Shearn Phineas P. Nichols Sidney A. Clark Peter Sobotky Simon Rosenbaum Vernon E. Hastings Frank I. Washburn Frank E. Shumway Louis B. Niquette Frank L. Clapp Alvin W. Clapp S. Dwight Drury Haynes H. Chilson George L. Harris Edward B. Strong Ralph L. Baldwin Henry T. Rose Chauncey E. Parsons Charles L. Feiker Alfred H. Evans Richard W. Irwin Henry A. Kimball Arthur F. Nutting John S. Hitchcock Lucius S. Davis Northampton & Amherst Street Railway Co., by Philip Witherell, Treas. Howard Clark Thomas B. Ewixg John Prince Albert H. Carpenter George Wright Clark James Goodwin Charles N. Fitts Luther G. Stearns Pierre C. Chatel Antime Fontaine Charles E. Williams Joseph A. Boudway Jonathan E. Collins Lewis D. Parsons Jonathan W. Arnold Harry E. Bicknell Herbert C. Smith Edgar F. Crooks Dexter W. French George P. O'Donnell Frank D. Barnes Luther A. Clark George W. Harlow William D. Mandell William M. Cochran- Joseph Pickett Charles W. Phelps Silas E. Smith George W. Traphagen James R. Gilfillan John B. Cardinal John F. Mariz Matthew Grogan Richard J. Rahar Patrick H. Dewey Timothy G. Spaulding William G. Bassett Alfred T. Lilly Founder of Lilly Library and Lilly HaU of Science NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 13 Henry P. Field Henry R. Hinckley David W. C. Scates Arthur Watson George W. Cable Henry M. Tyler Benjamin C. Blodgett Orrin E. Livermore John A. Houston Edwin B. Story Frank N. Look Louis F. Plimpton George H. Ray Samuel W. Lee Omer M. Smith Homer C. Bliss William MacKenzie Arthur G. Hill John W. Bird Charles E. Gould William Oates Charles R. Farr Vernet E. Cleveland Ch.arles E. Herrick George L. Beals Thomas A. Orcutt John C. Breaker Clayton E. Davis Philip A. Otis George S. Graves Charles O. Parsons Edwin B. Brewer Edw.ard a. H.vven Julius P. Maine Walter W. Ross Stephen B. Fuller Arthur M. Ware Michael Cooney William A. Stevenson William H. Stevens James S. Conroy Clifford H. Lyman Edward E. Wood George S. Whitbeck Alvin M. Locke Charles Forbes Warner ACTION TAKEN ON PETITION by the COUNCIL AND IN MASS MEETING THE reference made to " Old Home Week," in the foregoing peti tion, was prudential. Northampton had not, up to that time, taken any steps toward the observance of "Old Home Week," and this holiday season had then been established but a few years in the state; but it was deemed best to use the general term in the petition, for the purpose of both offering a warrant for an appropriation and gratifying those who might be pleased to consider a quarter-millennial celebration in the light of a home-coming and a concession to the "Old Home Week" sentiment. The petition, as presented to the City Council, met with the hearty approval of that body, and, under suspension of the rules, an order was passed authorizing the Mayor to appoint the committee-at -large asked for in the petition, and providing that said committee report to the Council what action might be necessary in the premises. This was on April 30, 1903, and at a session of the City Council, held May 14, Mayor Hallett announced the appointment of most of the following committee, several names being added by him within a few days thereafter, to constitute the complete list, as follows: PRELIMINART COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS L. Clark Seelye Samuel W. Lee Chauncey H. Pierce Henry S. Gere Frederick A. Dayton Edward N. Foote Matthew Carroll William H. Feiker Herbert E. Riley William H. Riley John L. Mather John T. Dewey Seth S. Warner John B. O'Donnell John F. Lambie William A. Bailey Robert G. Williams Pres. Board of Trade Philip Gleason Edwin H. Banister William A. Clark William G. Bassett William G. Sterling Hubbard M. Abbott Samuel B. Parsons Charles B. Kingsley Oscar Edwards Samuel Porter Charles A. Maynard Charles E. Herrick Edwin B. Emerson Alexander McCallum NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 1.5 Louis B. Niquette Haynes H. Chilson Henry P. Field David W. C. Scates George H. Ray Benjamin E. Cook A. Lyman Williston John C. Hammond Patrick H. Gallen John S. Hitchcock Edgar F. Crooks Frank N. Look Theobald M. Connor Arthur G. Hill Henry A. Kimball Merritt Clark Charles L. Feiker Lucius Dimock Oscar F. Ely William Oates William MacKenzie Charles H. Heald Louis L. Campbell John E. Bates Timothy G. Spaulding Arthur M. Ware William A. Stevenson St. Mary's Branch, Cath. Knights of America, SOCIETIES John P. Thompson, Com. W. L. Baker Post, No. 86, G. A. R. Katherine S. Barrett, Pres. Woman's Relief Corps, No. i8. Harry E. Bicknell, Capt. George S. Bliss Camp, Sons of Veterans, No. 48. Martin S. Hardiman, Pres. Div. No. i. Ancient Order of Hibernians. James Davenport, M. W. Hampshire Lodge, No. 98, A. 0. U. W. Charles Pellissier, M. W. College City Lodge, No. 219, A. 0. U. W Florence. Dennis Dowd, Pres. Florence. Miss Clara P. Bodman, Regent Betty Allen Chapter, Dau. Amer. Rev. Mrs. Hannah Martin, Pres. Daughters of St. George. Richard B. Eisold, Pres. German-American Citizens' Association. William A. Bailey, Pres. Hampshire, Franklin and Hampden Agr'l Society. George W. Cable, Pres. Home Culture Clubs. Paul Fitzgerald, Sachem Capawonke Tribe, Ind. Order of Red Men. Mortimer G. Sullivan, G. K. Knights of Columbus. Thomas F. McGrath, V. C. Amity Lodge, Knights of Fidelity and B. L. U George E. Douglass, Sir K. Commander Knights of Malta. Adolphe Menard, Pres. L'Union St. Joseph. Jairus E. Clark, Pres. Northampton Club. William H. Carson, Pres. Northampton Cricket Club. Arthur G. Doane, Pres. Northampton Cycle Club. Edward P- Copeland, Pres. Horticultural Society. Charles H. Sawyer, Pres. Northampton Rod and Gun Club. Judge Charles E. Forbes, LL.D. Founder of Forbes Library FROM TABLET IN FORBES LIBRARY IT HAS BEEN MY AIM TO PLACE WITHIN REACH OF THE INHABITANTS OF \ TOWN IN WHICH I HAVE LIVED LONG AND PLEAS \NTLT THE MEANS OF LE,\nN- ING, IP THEY A.RE DISPOSED TO LEARN, THE MARVELOUS DEVELOPMENTS OF MODERN TI-IOTTGHT AND TO ENABLE THEM TO JUDGE OF THE DESTINY OF THE HUMAN RACE ON SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE RATITER THAN ON METAPHYSICAL EVIDENCE ALONE. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EDUCATION OF THE PEOPLE CANNOT BE OVERRATED. — From the Will of Judge Forbes. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 17 Heinrich Drechsel, Pres. Northampton Schuetzenverein. Henry L. Williams, Pres. Northampton Vocal Club. William Phillips, Master Northampton Grange, No. 138, P. of H. Arthur B. Van Slike, Regent, Florence Council, No. 1390, Royal Ar canum. Joseph H. Carnall, Pres. Primrose Lodge, No. 166, Sons of St. George. Narcisse Paquin, Pres. St. John Baptist Society, No. 166. Mrs. David J. Condon, N. C. Florence Commandery, No. 31, U. O. G. S. Henry C. Warnock, Capt. Wish-ton-Wish Canoe Club. A. Fitch Bromley, General Sec'y Young Men's Christian Association. Frederick C. Ely, W. M. Jerusalem Lodge, A. F. & A. M. Charles H. Chase, E. C. Northampton Commandery Knights Templar. Augustus B. Graves, N. G. Nonotuck Lodge, No. 61, I. 0. 0. F. Willie H. Bruce, Com't Canton Meadow City, No. 29, I. O. 0. F. Mrs. Hattie A. Walker, N. G. Mary Lyon Rebekah Lodge, No. 62. George Connelly, C. R. Court Meadow City, No. 72, F. of A. David J. Moran, C. R. Duvernay Court, No. 93, F. of A. William J. Meehan, D. Florence Lodge, No. 1207, Knights of Honor. G. Henry Clark, C. C. Norwood Lodge, No. 98, Knights of Pythias. John F. Ahearn, Pres. F. M. T. A. & B. Society. James Meehan, Pres. F. M. T. A. & B. Society, Florence. James M. Maloney, Pres. St. Mary's Temperance Society. Mrs. Myron L. Kidder, Honorary and Acting President W. C. T. U. Mrs. Henry W Messier, Juliette Circle, No. 390 Companions of the Forest. Miss Ivah C. Keeler, C. C. Pride of Meadow City Circle, No. 397, C. of F. Miss Margaret O'Brien, C. H. Enterprise Lodge, Degree of Honor. David Morin, Com. Knights of Sherwood Forest. Evon F. Huebler, Pres. Steuben Lodge, German Order of Harugari. William Hayes, D. Elm City Lodge, Knights of Honor. Chester W French, Capt. Company I. M. V. M. TRADE UNIONS William H. Finn, Pres. Barbers' Union. John T. O'Connor, Pres. Carpenters' Union. Michael V. Kelly, Pres. Central Labor Union. Patrick W. Sullivan, Pres. Cigar Makers' Union, No. 396. Edward Martin, Pres. Grinders' Union, No 6. Dr. Plin\' Earle Superintendent State Lunatic Hospital, 1S64-18S5. Gave nearly his entire estate for maintenance oi Forbes Library NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 19 Alfred Frost, Pres. Knife Forgers' Union, No. 165, I. B. of B. George W. Busch, Pres. Machinists' Union, No. 448. John Senser, Pres. Metal Polishers' Union, No. 139. Daniel J. McCarthy, Pres. Metal Polishers' Union, No. 155. Oscar R. Hier, Pres. Tailors' Union, No- 168. Richard E. Davies, Pres. Plumbers' S. & G. F. Union, No. 64. Robert T. Newton, Pres. Retail Clerks' Union. Henry Charlebois, Pres. Textile Workers' Union, No. 188. Timothy J. Lynch, Pres. Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen. Frank A. Morin, Vice-Pres. of Musicians' Union. Charles F. Warner Frank E. Davis George D. Clark Christopher Clarke Watson L. Smith John A. Houston, M.D. William W. Lee James H. Huntington Christopher Seymour, M.D Rev. Henry T. Rose Rev. Clement E. Holmes Rev. Alfred Free Rev. Robert F. Jones INDIVIDUALS Alfred T. Bliss Richard W Irwin Edwin C. Clark Thomas M. Shepherd Emerson J. Smith Prof. Harry N. Gardiner John J. Raleigh Jacob H. Carfrey Rev. John Kenny Rev. John C. Breaker Rev. Noel Rainville Rev. Herbert G. Buckingham Rev. S. Allen Barrett John L. Warner, Collector of Taxes. Fred M. Starkweather, Chairman Assessors of Taxes. Henry E. Maynard, Chief of Police. George R. Turner, Inspector of Plumbing. George F. Birge, Superintendent of Streets. George W Clark, City Treasurer. Henry C. Hallett c^ Sylvester Judd Antiquarian, Historian, Compiler of Judd Manuscripts, Author Judd's History of Hadley NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 21 BOARD OF ALDERMEN James W. Heffernan Lewis F. Babbitt Moses Bassett William Grant Edward J. Jarvis Michael J. McCarthy Dennis J. Meehan Egbert I. Clapp, Citv Clerk COMMON COUNCIL William H. Carson Arthur G. Doane John J. Kennedy George H. Drury Timothy McCarthy George Bliss McCallum Charles H. Chase Charles H. Eustis Sidney A. Clark Roderick M. Starkweather Henry Tessier Walter L. Stevens John Burke William F. Cooney Stephen M. Keough William J. Foran Michael W. Meehan William E. Welsh Charles S. Beals Andrew Faas George W Hillier William E. Shannon, Clerk THE FIRST MEETING IN CITT HALL The appointment of the foregoing committee-at-large was followed by the call, from City Clerk Egbert I. Clapp, by direction of the Mavor, to meet in the City Hall Wednesday evening, Mav 27, 1903, to take action in the premises. This meeting was held at the time appointed, about sixty members of the committee being present. The Mavor pre sided and Charles F. Warner was chosen secretary. Considerable enthu siasm was shown in a quiet way. and upon motion of George W. Cable, it was declared to be the sense of the meeting that a celebration should be had. Timothy G. Spaulding moved that a committee of fifteen be i i James R Trumbull Editor Hampshire Gazette twenty-three years. Author Trumbull's History of Northampton NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 23 appointed by the Mayor to formulate plans for a celebration, and report at a future meeting. This motion was carried without debate, and upon motion of Alfred T. Bliss of Florence it was voted that the committee when constituted should include in its membership the fol lowing named: Henry S. Gere, John B. O'Donnell, Edwin H. Banister, Timothy G. Spaulding and Egbert I. Clapp. The meeting then adjourned subject to the call of the committee of fifteen. This committee, as afterwards completed by the Mayor and notified by the secretary, to meet, was constituted as follows: Timothy G. Spaulding George H. Ray Henry S. Gere Victor Rocheleau John B. O'Donnell L. Clark Seelye Egbert I. Clapp Samuel W. Lee Edwin H. Banister Edgar F. Crooks Edward P. Copeland Richard W. Irwin Thomas M. Shepherd Benjamin E. Cook Philip Gleason ORGAN IZ AT ION OF A PRO VI SION A L COMMITTEE AND MAYOR'S ADDRESS Shortly following their appointment, the before-named provisional committee of fifteen met at the Common Council room, and appointed a sub-committee of three, consisting of Timothy G. Spaulding, Richard W. Irwin and Egbert I. Clapp, to report a scheme of permanent organi zation and a program for the celebration. This sub-committee spent the summer and fall months in investigating the matter of similar celebra tions elsewhere, and were not able to report to the main committee until in January of the following year. In the meantime. Mayor Henry C. Hallett had been elected for a third term of office, and to him belongs the honor of making the first written and official suggestion that the year 1904 was the Quarter-Millennial year of the municipality, and that the 250th anniversary should be celebrated in an ample and generous manner. It is certain that if no one else appreciated — six months before the event — the magnitude and expense of a fitting celebration and the importance of it, Mayor Hallett did, for in his third inaugural message to the City Council, delivered Jan. 4, 1904, he made the following refer ence to the matter : 24 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION "Few New England towns have a longer, and none a prouder, history than ours. The soil of Northampton, it is true, has been the scene of few of the events that are noted in history, and not over-many of her sons have achieved national fame. These facts, however, are but accidents of circumstance. For two hundred and fifty years Northampton has been a community of sturdy, industrious, God-fearing, sane and patriotic men and women ; a splendid example of the rural New England communities, whose people have preserved and developed the Common wealth and the Nation, and whose children have peopled the West. "The recent publication of James R. Trumbull's History of North ampton has done much to awaken interest in local history. We have much to be grateful for that a man of so abundant industry and scholarly enthusiasm was moved to undertake this history and enabled to carry it so far toward completion; yet, in spite of this easily accessible source of information, it is to be feared that too many of our people, especially those of the younger generation, are lacking in knowledge of, and interest in, our local history. This is no more true of Northampton than of other communities, and is due doubtless to the fact that attention has been so little directed to the matter. The history of the nation is taught, as it should be, in our schools, but little is known by our children of the particular history of Massachusetts and Northampton. I doubt if the names of John Stoddard, Seth Pomeroy, Joseph Hawley and Caleb Strong have any particular significance or any familiar sound in our schools, or even among many of our people. I trust that the coming anniversary may be made the occasion of the inauguration in our schools of a course in the history of our state and city. Such a course need not perhaps go further than a series of familiar talks by the teachers, but it should be sufficient to awaken and sustain an enthusiastic interest in our local history. The cultivation of local patriotism is not a thing which we can afford to neglect. If the coming celebration can be so arranged as to instill in us all a lasting appreciation of what the men and women of Northampton have achieved, this will not be the least of its benefits. "Several of our neighboring towns have, during the past year, celebrated various anniversaries of their foundation in fitting style. Such celebrations are always expensive, but it is to be remembered that this particular one will not be repeated until two hundred and fifty years more have passed. If our own celebration is to take the rank to which the age of the community and the achievements of its people entitle it, there will be need of the expenditure of much time and much money. It is particularly our province to see that the latter is not lacking, and I therefore recommend to you that the committee in charge be forthwith provided with a very generous appropriation." REPORT TO GENERAL COMMITTEE ON January 20, 1904, the sub-committee were able to report to the provisional committee of fifteen virtually complete plans for the celebration. These plans were accepted by that com mittee, and a meeting of the general committee was called for and held in the upper City Hall, Januarv 23. At this meeting the Mavor designated the following additions to the general committee: Oliver Dragon; Ward i. Homer 0. Adams, Edgar J. Hebert; Ward 2, Abbot L. Gloyd; Ward 3, S. Wilham Clark, Arthur C. Herrick, James H. O'Dea; Ward 4, Clarence E. Hodgkins, Alfred J. Preece; Ward 5, John F Mahar; Ward 6, Frederick A. Esta brook, Alexander W Ewing; Ward 7, Harry A. StoweU. The matter of preparing and publishing a Memorial Volume, de scribing in detail the Celebration, with illustrations of the decorations, parade, and such other appropriate features of it as could be obtained, was discussed, on a motion offered by Henry S. Gere, that such a vol ume be authorized at once and preparations for it begun immediately ; but no action was taken in relation to it, further than to vote that City Clerk Clapp be authorized to keep a record of the doings of the prelimi nary committees and collect all matters of interest in relation to the Celebration, the Executive and Finance Committee to determine as to the advisability of publishing such a work. The Executive and Finance Committee were authorized to apply to the City Council for an appropriation of $10,000, to carry out the Celebration, the plans for which were at that time announced briefly as follows: For Sunday, June 5, suitable exercises in the city churches in the morning, and in the evening a concert for all the people, with appropriate vocal and instrumental selections. Mondav, indoor exercises at 10 a. m., including an address of wel come and an oration; at 2 p. m., children's exercises, and in the evening a concert by the Northampton Vocal Club, to be followed by a reception to the Governor of the state. Tuesday, June 7, a civic and military parade at ten o'clock, to be followed at one o'clock by a banquet and after-dinner speaking, with fireworks in the evening. To carrv out this program the Provisional Committee recommended that a temporary structure be erected, in which all indoor functions Edward H. R. Lyman Founder of Academy of Music NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 27 should be held, and the question of where this structure should be located was announced as happily solved in the offer of the Forbes Library lot, by the trustees of the library. A recommendation was also made, that the towns of Easthampton, Southampton and Westhampton be invited to join in the celebration, in such manner as should seem to them most fitting. In its report the Provisional Committee of fifteen described the duties of the several sub-committees, and enacted the following scheme of government for the Executive and Finance and other Committees: RULES FOR COMMITTEES The Executive and Finance Committee shall have the sole and entire charge, custody and control of all moneys appropriated by the city for the celebration. It shall determine the sums to be allotted out of the funds in its hands for the needs of the several committees. It shall organize at once with the Mayor as chairman and a clerk and treasurer. Five members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of any business which ma3' come before it. We recommend that the City Council appropriate forthwith a sum not less than $10,000, and that the same be turned over to said Execu tive and Finance Committee at an early date, in order that the work to be done may be entered upon at once. No bill or account for expenditure, approved by a chairman of anv committee, shall be paid by the treasurer of the Executive and Finance Committee until approved by the chairman of the last-named committee in writing. This committee shall have general authority and supervision as to all matters pertaining to the preparation for and the carrying out of the celebration, and shall have authority to change and modify plans and details in the work of all other committees in any manner it may deem expedient. This committee shall also be and constitute the board for deciding and determining all matters, questions and differences of opinion which may arise in the several committees in the performance of their respective duties, and shall have power to fill all vacancies occurring in the member ship of committees and to appoint a chairman thereof, whenever that position becomes vacant, or is not satisfactorily filled. The chairmen of all committees, where a chairman has been desig nated, except the chairman of the Executive and Finance Committee, shall have the direction and control of the work of their respective com mittees, and meetings of said committees shall be called only by their chairmen, and at such times as said chairmen shall deem expedient. 28 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION The chairmen of all other committees, except the Executive and Finance Committee, shall have the sole power of making any contract or of incurring or authorizing the expenditure of any money by their respective committees; but such a chairman shall have no power to expend or authorize the expenditure of money over and beyond the sum previously allotted to his committee by the Executive and Finance Committee. All accounts and bills shall be vouched for and approved by the chairman of the committee who has incurred them and shall be then turned over to the Executive and Finance Committee, and upon approval by its chairman shall be paid by its treasurer, who shall keep an accurate and full account of all payments made by him. THE COMPLETE WORKING ORGAN IZATION FOR THE CELEBRATION The various sub -committees, as suggested by the Provisional Com mittee, and finally constituted and officered, were as follows: ON EXECUTIVE AND FINANCE Mayor Henry C. Hallett, Chairman *Timothy G. Spaulding Edgar F. Crooks Chauncey H. Pierce Frank N. Look Theobald M. Connor Adolphe Menard Charles B. Kingsley Edwin H. Banister Edward E. Wood Samuel W. Lee George W Clark, Egbert I. Clapp, Stx. Treas., cx-ofpcio ON INVITATIONS Louis L. Campbell, Chairman Sidney E. Bridgman Christopher Clarke David B. Whitcomb Edward B. Strong Collins H. Gere John Metcalf George D. Clark Robert L. Williston Clayton S. Parsons L. Warren Morgan- Frederic A. Macomber George H. Sergeant Jonathan W Arnold Frederick W. Bement Edwin K. Abbott Oliver B. Bradley Allen C. Warner Charles F AVarner, Sec. RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT Ernest W Hardy, Chairnmn John T. Stoddard Frank Lyman Frederick N. Kneeland Josiah W. Parsons Edward E. Graves Matthew Grogan Ellis B. Currier William Godfrey Joseph H. Shearn Charles 0. Parsons William H. Feiker Homer O. Adams Mrs. Henry C. Hallett Mrs. Lucy Hunt Smith Mrs. Louise S. Hildreth Mrs. Lucius S. Davis Miss Jennie C. Pratt Miss Sarah M. Butler Mrs. Samuel B. Parsons Mrs. Edwin H. Banister Mrs. John B. O'Donnell Mrs. Richard W. Irwin * Resigned by reason of disability. George Bliss, Philadelphia He gave Generously for the Benefit of his Native Town NORTHAMPTON. MASSACHUSETTS 31 Miss Minnie A. Kiely Miss Clara P Bodman Miss Mary Fitzpatrick Miss Marie Louise Menard Mrs. Henry L. Williams Miss Sidonia A. Ruder Mrs. Robert H. Clapp Mrs. George H. Page Mrs. Sidney E. Bridgman Mrs. Louis F. Plimpton- Mrs. Patrick H. Halloran Mrs. Frank N. Look Miss Eugenie Lamontagne Mrs. Albert L. Phelps Mrs. William W. Lee Miss Anna Menard Mrs. John J. Raleigh Miss Carrie L. Walker Mrs. William H. Riley Mrs. Joseph O. Daniels Miss Jennie C. Pratt, Secretary COMMITTEE ON SUNDAY OBSERVANCES IN CHURCHES Rev. Henry T. Rose, Chair-man, First Church of Christ. Rev. Lyman P. Powell, Protestant Episcopal Church. Rev. John C. Breaker, Baptist Church. Rev. Frederic H. Kent, Second Congregational Church. Rev. Willis H. Butler, Edwards Church. Rev. Clement E. Holmes, Methodist Episcopal Church. Rev. John Kenny, St. Mary's Church. Rev. S. Allen Barrett, Florence Congregational Church. Rev. Alfred Free, Free Congregational Church. Rev. Herbert G. Buckingham, Florence Methodist Episcopal Church. Rev. Patrick H. Gallen, Church of the Annunciation. Rev. Noel Rainville, Church of the Sacred Heart. Rev. Thomas P. Lucey, Church of the Blessed Sacrament. Rev. Frederic H. Kent, Secretary. ON MONDAY MORNING EXERCISES AND ORATION Rev. L. Clark Seelye, Chairman William P. Strickland George W. Cable John B. O'Donnell Henry P Field, Secretary ON CHILDREN'S PARADE Jacob H. Carfrey, Chairman Robert G. Williams Fred Stork Clarence P. Roote Miss Amy B. Blish Rev. John Kenny Alfred H. Evans J. Henry Clagg Rev. Noel Rainville John M. Rowell Miss Harriet H. Pratt Miss Elizabeth L. Kingsley 32 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION William H. Riley Miss Catherine A. Clark Andrew P. Hancock George L. Harris Arthur G. Hill Edwin C. Howard, Secretary ON GAMES AND SPORTS John T. Keating, Chairman Homer C. Bliss James H. O'Dea Harry C. Crafts William MacKenzie Lucius S. Davis Matthew Carroll Peter Sobotky, Secretary ON GOVERNOR'S RECEPTION Mayor Henry C. Hallett, Chairman Richard W. Irwin Henry M. Tyler Thomas F. Ahearn George Wright Clark Charles N. Clark Alexander L. Dragon Charles A. Clark, Secretary ON PARADE Richard W. Irwin, Chairman John J. Raleigh Frank E. Davis Eugene E. Davis Robert H. Clapp William A. Clark S. William Clark Robert B. Weir William H. Smith William Grant Edward T. Foley Victor Rocheleau Charles E. Herrick William A. Stevenson George S. Whitbeck William C. Pomeroy Frederick G. Jager Hubbard M. Abbott John McCool William A. Bailey Clayton E. Davis John E. Bates Charles N. Fitts James W. Reid David W. C. Scates Edward P Hall Charles S. Pratt, Jr. George R. Spear Thomas J. Hammond, Sec'y ON ARRANGEMENTS FOR BANQUET Elbridge G. Southwick, Chairman Lewis F Babbitt George D. Thayer Alvin M. Locke Patrick J. Bartley William H. Carson Sidney A. Clark, Secretary NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 33 BANQUET POST-PRANDIAL EXERCISES William G. Bassett, Chairman and Toasimaster John W. Mason Arthur Watson James M. Fay William J. Collins Alfred M. Fletcher John C. Mangan, Secretary ON DECORATIONS, FLOWERS AND FIREWORKS *Edward p. Copeland, Chairman Warren M. King, Chairman John T. Dewey Oscar F. Ely Edward J. Jarvis, Secretary ON ILLUMINATIONS James W. Heffernan, Chairman Alexander McCallum Benjamin B. Hinckley Moses Bassett Joseph A. Boudway James W. O'Connor George H. Drury, Secretary ON MUSIC Henry L. Williams, Chairman John Prince Edwin B. Story Haynes H. Chilson Harry P. Eastwood Edward M. Wilhelmi Alfred T. Bliss George W. Hillier Charles A. Wheeler Albert E. Brown Herbert E. Riley, Secretary ON SALUTE AND RINGING OF BELLS John P Thompson, Chairman Charles H. Heald John W. Lyman William R. Bardwell Charles A. Pierce Luke Day James R. Gilfillan Albert G. Beckmann John J. Kennedy, Secretary ON HISTORICAL LOCALITIES Henry S. Gere, Chairman A. Lyman Williston Charles H. Dickinson Joseph Marsh Merritt Clark George L. Wright Benjamin E. Cook Chauncey E. Parsons Sidney E. Bridgman Henry R. Hinckley Oscar Edwards David B. Whitcomb Watson L. Smith Luther J. Warner Lewis D. Parsons Joseph C. Williams Luther C. Wright, Secretary ^Deceased before Celebration. --v^ '^.•¦^^ ^'¦^%. ' -^y^ Hon. Elijah Hunt MillS, United States Senator, 1820-27 NORTHAMPTON. MASSACHUSETTS 35 ON HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Thomas M. Shepherd, Chairman Waldo H. Whitcomb Miss Mary A. Jordan Frank L. Clapp Osmore 0. Roberts Robert E. Edwards Christopher Seymour Samuel B. Parsons Arthur K. Sylvester John L. Mather Harry N. Gardiner William F. Pratt David J. Wright Seth S. Warner Henry N. Ferry 0. Wendell Edwards Miss Nancy L. Miller Miss Harriet J. Kneeland Mrs. Gertrude Q. Clapp Miss Adelene Moffat Mrs. David C. Crafts Frank I. Washburn, Secretary ON TRANSPORTATION Thomas A. Orcutt, Chairman George Bliss McCallum Howard Clark Edwin C. Clark Michael W. Meehan Philip Witherell Louis H. Warner, Secretary ON PRINTING, PROGRAM AND TICKETS Charles F. W.arner, Chairman Dennis J. Meehan Frank E. Davis John A. Ross Frank R. Mantor Abbot L. Gloyd Harry E. Bicknell, Secretary ON ANNIVERSARY BUILDING, ETC. John C. Hammond, Chairman Charles S. Beals John F. Lambie John L. Draper Philip Gleason Edward N. Foote Clarence K. Graves, Secretary ON PRESS James H. Huntington, Chairman Charles W. Pierce John L. Best Charles G. Fairman Albert H. Carpenter Homer C. Chapin, Secretary 36 NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS Hon Isaac C. Bates United States Senator, 1841-1845 AT the Springfield Quarter-Millennial celebration, in 1886, Senator Henry L. Dawes said, in response to the sentiment, "The LTnited States Senate:" "In that body Massachusetts has had in the past representation always worthy of her great name, and the high commission with which she has intrusted that representation. After the two great names of Webster and Sumner, the illustrious in history, the old county of Hampshire of blessed memory — alas, that it was ever divided — stands forth in the front rank with the names she has furnished that representation. Caleb Strong, one of the first senators for Massachusetts, stern, stubborn, incorruptible and patriotic; Ashmun, a name illustrious in both houses of Congress and at the bar of the Commonwealth; Mills, the scholar, the statesman, and orator of a listening and charmed Senate; Isaac C. Bates, whose voice rang in my ear like a silver trumpet the first time when, a boy, I entered the court-house at Northampton. These were fhe River Gods of their day, and to these illustrious names the old county of Hampshire may point her present and future generations for example and emulation. " T)EACE to the just man's memory — let it grow Greener with years, and blossom through the flight Of ages ; let the mimic canvas show His calm, benevolent features ; let the light Stream on his deeds of love, that shunned the sight Of all but heaven, and, in the book of Fame, The glorious record of his virtues write. And hold it up to men, and bid them claim A palm like his, and catch from him the hallowed flame. Bryant "^T EITHER present fame, nor war, nor power, nor wealth, nor knowl- -'- ^ edge alone, shall secure an entrance to the true and noble Val halla (Temple of Fame). There shall be gathered only those who have toiled each in his own vocation for the welfare of others. Justice and benevolence are higher than knowledge and power. Whittier U'itg ii)-".XijrHjnm|)lmi, i m Jk 3l^^ \ "'''''"''' "^ ^^^^^ trifrli, -Silnsortrljnoi'lte. , ^Ig3^^##.i| iSrc^beri'Ji.itkxyi]'. rr//y /y^/f r/ //// ^ ^////^r/ - / fyy///-////////' //yr: /////////y. '^O // ^ __^ ' C// rr ////'/ ////y /y //// Cf y,'/r/////-^ i','//y I ¦ y'o/////r/ 0- ///^///.y//,f r// /A/ r///'/-/y{-/i'/'// y ///r i^,// /// • ////ff/-' i'Jr/t'y y .y^/: ..M/y/-/-n/:/?y'y. yr/y/''r///////r/(, ///////// ¦ ////y/-// /Yy///,'/.(Jr'//-, y/z/r/J' / / // y y-/y/^//y. // /^ . //f/'y/-y-r///y y//// /////,//// // //// // ///y /y^^. /r'/yfi'a'//yiy-^i!., (jr./-fy/i'rif/r/. // ///y//// /'// /¦//a/r'?t //¦/'/, ^/'.i!jr//y4^// /^uii/:r//// ,fgHy/r^ //i^y yr// /(/// //i-//rr:////.j /y////'^ ////////,)/////, ¦ ////Jj//r////4zyj r-y/y /y . rr// r/er/// /?////-/ // ///fj ////'/////////, ¦ y ////i ////y ¦f-/'J//rfy////u /'// /y/-///^.j. ~"j h /-''/'r^sh>£A-yji^ '///y ^^r/r,; Invitation to Old Nght hamp ton, England THE INVITED GUESTS INVITATION TO NORTHAMPTON, ENGLAND IT was a happy thought to send an invitation to the municipal authorities of the old city of Northampton, England, and when Alderman Samuel S. Campion of that city was found to be in this country, visiting the St. Louis Exposition, he was speedily communi cated with, by order of the Executive and Finance Committee, and promptly accepted their invitation to come to the Connecticut valley, later being commissioned by the English city to represent it at the Quarter-Millennial Celebration. A handsomely engrossed form of invitation, as shown on opposite page, was forwarded to England, and brought forth the following replies, sent before the Northampton, England, authorities were aware of Mr. Campion's intention to visit New England. County Borough of tlOWll GlCth'S ©fHCC (seal) ffluilSball northampton Northampton Herbert Hankinson "Cown (Elerh Telphone No. 236 A. F. H. l6thMay, 1904. i\Iy dear Sir: I am requested by the Mayor of this Borough, Edward Lewis, Esquire, J. P., to forward you herewith his acknowledgment of the kind invitation which accompanied your communication of the and instant. Will you be good enough to lay it before his Honour the Mayor, and Council, of your City? With best wishes for a verjr successful celebration of the interesting 2Soth Anniversary of the settlement of Northampton, Mass. I beg to remain. Yours faithfully, Herbert Hankinson, Toicn Clerk. Egbert L Clapp, Esq., City Clerk, Northampton. Massachusetts, U. S. A. 40 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION XTbe fldagor's ©arlour (seal) (Bulltiball NORTHAMPTON i6th May, 1904. To His Honour the Mayor, and the City Council, of Northampton, Massachusetts, U. S. A. Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen: — On behalf of myself and the Corporation of the ancient Borough of Northampton, England, I beg to acknowledge and to thank you for the invitation with which you have honoured us, and for the cordial feeling which prompted the invitation, to join with you in your celebration of the 250th Anniversary of the settlement of your prosperous City. Owing partly to the rather limited time available, and to the fact that on Thursday, and June, the Town and County of Northampton are taking part in the ceremony of opening large extensions to our General Hospital, it is feared that no official representatives of your English namesake City can be present in Northampton, Massachusetts, on the 5th, 6th and 7th June next. None the less, Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen, I feel certain that the Council will appreciate highly your kindness and will join with me in heartiest good wishes for the growth and progress of your City and the best welfare of its inhabitants. I shall also ask the Council to order your invitation to be duly inscribed in the records of our Borough, which received its first charter from King Richard I on i8th November, anno domini, 1189. I have the honour to be, Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen, Yours very faithfully, Edward Lewis, Mayor. Countersigned Herbert Hankinson, Town Clerk. BOAR DI OF A L^,D ERMEN, 1904 Center row, reading down — William Grant, Ward 4, President ; Hf.nrt C. Hallett, Mayor; Egbert I. Clapp, City Clerk. Right hand — Alfred T. Bliss, Ward 6; Lewis F. Babbitt, Ward 2; Edward J. Jarvis, Ward 5. Left hand — Dennis J. Meehan, Ward 7; Moses Bassett, Ward 3; John J. Kennedy, Ward 1. common council, 1904 Center row, reading down — C-larence E. Hodgkins, Ward 4; George B. McCallum, President, Ward 2; Arthur C. Herrick, Ward 3. Right hand — Alexander W. Ewing, Ward 6; Abbot L. Gloyd, Ward 2; Charles S. Beals, Ward 7; S. William Clark; Ward 3. Left hand — William H. Carson, Ward 1; Stephen M. Keouoh, Ward 5; Alfred J. Preece, Ward 4; James H. O'Dea, Ward 3. COMMON COUNCIL, 1904 Center row, reading down — George H. Drury, Ward 2; Roderick M. Starkweather, Ward 4; William E. Shannon, Clerk. Right hand — Michael W. Meehan, Ward 5; John F. Mahar, Ward 5; William J. Foran, Ward 6; Edgar J. Hebert, Ward 1. Left hand — Homer O. Adams, Ward 1; Harry A. Stowell, Ward 7; Frederick A. Esta brook, Ward 6; George W. Hillier, Ward 7. MAYORS OF NORTHAMPTON, 1884 1905 JaSI'KR E. L VMHIK 1891 IIi;ni{y a, Kimh.vll ],s94, \sur, John B. O'Donnell 1892. 1893 Arthur G. Hill ISST, ISSS Hionry P, Field IS'.Hi, 1S9S Bi-:niamin E. Cook 18S4, 1885, issf) John L. Mather 1807, 1899, 1900 Jerkmtah Brown iss!), 1890 Arthur Watson 1901 Henry C. Hallktt 1902, 1903, 1904 Theobald M. Connor 1905 GUESTS O F THE CITY Governor John L. Bates. Lieutenant-Governor Curtis Guild, Jr. COUNCIL I — Roland C. Nickerson, Brewster, Mass. 2 — Frederick S. Hall, Taunton, Mass. 3 — Edwin R. Hoag, Chelsea, Mass. 4 — Michael J. Sullivan, Boston, Mass. 5 — George R. Jewett, Salem, Mass. 6 — Walter Scott Watson, Lowell, Mass. 7 — Arthur H. Lowe, Fitchburg, Mass. 8 — Richard W. Irwin, Northampton, Mass. MAYORS Patrick A. Collins Edward H. Keith Parker S. Davis AuGUSTiN J. Daly Edward E. Willard Charles A. Buckley Thomas J. Boynton George Grime Henry O. Sawyer James E. Tolman Roswell L. Wood Arthur B. Chapin Cornelius F. Lynch Charles E. Howe Henry W. Eastham Charles L. Dean Frederick R. S. Mildon Charles Sidney Baxter Sidney H. Buttrick Charles S. Ashley James F. Carens Alonzo R. Weed Frank D. Stafford Henry D. Sisson Charles M. Bryant Joseph N. Peterson Boston, Mass. Brockton, Mass. Beverly, Mass. Cambridge, Mass. Chelsea, Mass. Chicopee, Mass. Everett, Mass. Fall River, Mass. Fitchburg, Mass. Gloucester, Mass. Haverhill, Mass. Holyoke, Mass. Lawrence, Mass. Lowell, Mass. Lynn, Mass. Maiden, Mass. Marlborough, Mass. Medford, Mass. Melrose, Mass. New Bedford, Mass. Newburyport, Mass. Newton, Mass. North Adams, Mass. Pittsfield, Mass. Quincy, Mass. Salem, Mass. 46 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Leonard B. Chandler Everett E. Stone Richard E. Warner John L. Harvey John P. Feeny Walter H. Blodgett Somerville, Mass. Springfield, Mass. Taunton, Mass. Waltham, Mass. Woburn, Mass. Worcester, Mass. Hon. George P. Lawrence North Adams, Mass. Hon. Frederick H. Gillett Springfield, Mass. Hon. Loren P. Keyes New Marlborough, Mass. Rep. Harry E. Graves Hatfield, Mass. Rev. Richard E. Birke Deerfield, Mass. (A former resident of Northampton, England.) Mr. and Mrs. William P. Cutter, Librarian-elect of Forbes Library. Major F. E. Pierce Greenfield, Mass. AS GUESTS OF SHERIFF J. E. CLARK Hon. Loranus E. Hitchcock, Justice of Superior Court, Chicopee. Col. Embury P. Clark, Sheriff of Hampden County, Springfield. Hon. Isaac Chenery, Sheriff of Franklin County, Greenfield. Hon. Dana Malone, District Attorney, Greenfield. CHAIRMEN OF SELECTMEN Charles E. Wakefield Nelson Randall Irving Rice Darwin E. Lyman Josiah W. Flint Edward C. Packard Samuel B. Dickinson George B. Walker Francis S. Reynolds Matthew J. Ryan Leonard F. Hardy, Esq. George W. Cottrell John L. Brewer F. A. Holden Walter M. Waugh Amherst, Mass. Belchertown, Mass. Chesterfield, Mass. Cummington, Mass. Enfield, Mass. Goshen, Mass. Granby, Mass. Greenwich, Mass. Hadley, Mass. Hatfield, Mass. Huntington, Mass. Middlefield, Mass. Pelham, Mass. Plainfield, Mass. Prescott, Mass. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 47 John E. Lyman George D. Storrs Lawrence Malloy Samuel Cole Robert E. Pray South Hadley, Mass. AVare, Mass. AYilliamsburg, Mass. Worthington, Mass. Greenfield, Mass. EASTHAMPTON TOWN OFFICERS Selectmen Jairus F. Burt, Chairman George S. Colton John Cullen Lucius E. Parsons Watson H. Wright John N. Lyman Winslow H. Edwards Joseph W Wilson, Toicn Clerk SOUTHAMPTON Selectmen George H. Lyon, Chairman Albert I. G. Quigley Martin Norris Frederick E. Judd, To-ivn Clerk Ho.mer 0. Strong, Moderator WESTHAMPTON Selectmen A. Drury Rice, Chairman Dwight S. Bridgman Edwin B. Clapp Francis "A. Loud, Town Clerk ACTION TAKEN BY THE TOWNS OF j^ Sk s^ s^ EASTHAMPTON m^ 3^ 3^ ^ SOUTHAMPTON & WESTHAMPTON IT is of course understood that the town authorities of Easthampton, Southampton and Westhampton were invited to take part in the Celebration, because those towns were originally a part of North ampton. The response of these towns was very gratifying to the Exec utive Committee. The board of selectmen in each place met promptly and at once showed a desire to co-operate with the authorities in this city, towards making the celebration a success. They appointed, in the several towns, the men named as invited, and soon appeared at the City Hall, seeking information as to how they could best co-operate. The Executive Committee introduced them to Captain Irwin, chair man of the Parade Committee, and he advised that they show their interest by the construction of such fioats for the parade as seemed to them best suited to represent their towns. This suggestion was favor ably received by the committees from the three towns, and the result was the admirable display, typical of country town life and aspirations, that excited such pleasure and admiration from the multitude which viewed the parade, as described in subsequent "pages. EASTHAMPTON TOWN COMMITTEE Top row, left to right — Jairus F. Bvrt, George S. Colton, John Cullen, Selectmen. Center — Joseph W. Wilson, Town Clerk; Watson H. Wright. Bottom — Lucius E. Parsons, Wixslow H. Edwards John N. Ltman. {f SOUTHAMPTON TOWN COMMITTEE Top^ — Michael Norris, Selecimon. Center, left to right — Homer O. Strong, Moderator; Frederick E. Judd, Ton:?-) Clerk. Bottom — George H. Lyon, Albert I. G. Quigley, Selectmen. WESTHAMPTON T O Vv" N C O JI M 1 T T E E Top — Edwin B. Cl-ipp, Selectman. Center, left to right — Dwight S. Bridgm.vn, A. Drdrt Rice, Selectmen. Bottom — Fh.\ncis -A. Loud, Town Clerk. EXECUTIVE AND FINANCE COMMITTEE OF THE CELEBRATION First row, top, left to right — Edward E. Wood, Timothy G. Spaulding, Chauncey H. Pierce. Second row— George Watson Clark, Treasurer; Mayor Henry C. Hallett, Chairman; Egbert I. Clapp, Secretary of Committee. Third row — Samuel W. Lee, Frank N. Look, Charles B. Kingsley, Edwin H. Banister. Fourth row— Adolp?je Menard, Theobald M. Conn " "" ^ PREPARATI O N S COMMITTEES BEGIN THEIR LABORS WITH the definite announcement of the plans for celebration and the appointment of committees, the wav seemed clear for rapid work in preparations, but it was some weeks before the Executive and Finance Committee secured from the City Council the appropriation which they required, and all committees worked for a while in a tentative way. The authorities, however, finallv voiced the spirit of loyalty and appreciation of the historic occasion which prevailed among the people of the city, by making a generous appropriation, and to this act, in large measure, was due the final success. WORK OF THE VARIOUS COMMITTEES When the appropriations had been made, the work of preparing for the Celebration went forward more rapidly. After the plans had been adopted, and the committees had been appointed to carry them out, Timothy G. Spaulding, chairman of the sub -Provisional Committee, which had formulated the work, was obliged, in consequence of impaired health, and by the advice of physicians, to relinquish his intention of taking a leading part, as a member of the Executive and Finance Committee, and content himself with doing what he could in a different capacity. There were other resignations, for various reasons; but there was no hesitation or faltering with the Executive Committee, which promptly filled vacancies and brought forward other capable men, who sprang eagerly to the various divisions of work, and faithfully performed the tasks assigned them. The great enterprise received a severe shock, however, and the whole city was saddened, by the death of Edward P. Copeland, April 7. Mr. Copeland was the versa tile and talented chairman of the Committee on Decorations. He had made a special study of the matter of decorating for this great occasion, and had evolved a color scheme and gerieral arrangement of an original and unique sort, which was subsequently carried out, for the most part, by his able successor to the chairmanship, Warren M. King. 54 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION ;6iecutix>e anO fflnance Committee Th6 Executive and Finance Committee were of course in the fore front of the administrative work of the Celebration, and the untiring zeal and energy which they exercised, night and day, with the indefati gable services of their Secretary, City Clerk Egbert I. Clapp, was what enabled the various sub-committees to carry out their plans in such perfection. They were encouraged from time to time by the warm approval of the local press, and a pleasing incident to them was the receipt of a check for $ioo from Mrs. Martha Strong Harris of New London, Conn. Mrs. Harris is a native of Northampton, daughter of the late Hon. Lewis Strong, and granddaughter of Governor Caleb Strong. She, learning that the committee would appreciate any subscriptions which might be tendered, forwarded the check to City Clerk Clapp, and the committee expressed their thanks to Mrs. Harris in fitting terms, by resolution. Among other important actions of the Executive Committee was their authorization to the Printing Committee to print a handsome official souvenir program, at an expense of several hundred dollars. The committee appropriated $200 for designing, engraving and emboss ing, and the enterprise was carried out by the Kingsbury Box Company of Northampton. As the whole expense was much larger than the amount appropriated by the committee, the printers were allowed to sell copies tothe general public, after furnishing the city 1,000 copies for its guests. The committee were called upon to consider a great number of matters not provided for in their original program, and which, being accepted by them, proved of much usefulness and value to the general scheme of public entertainment and comfort. One of these matters was the giving of the Colonial Reception and Ball, tendered by the Daughters of the American Revolution, an account of which will be found toward the close of the work. Another was the Public Comfort House, provided by the Home Culture Clubs, elsewhere described. A matter which occasioned much trouble to the committee was the difficulty in securing badges for the general public. An order for a few thousand was given, but these were delivered barely in time to be of use, and were quickly snatched up by the citizens. Then it was too late to secure more, and a horde of fancy badge sellers from out of town had to be admitted to sell, by license, on the streets. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 55 The most difficult part of the Executive Committee's work was the apportioning of the City Council's appropriation among the sub-com mittees, but this was finally done, and with such excellent judgment and fairness that none could reasonably find fault. IPrinting an& ITnritation Committees The first committee to organize was the important one on Printing, and this was almost immediately followed by the equally important one on Invitations. The work of these two committees was closelv related, and required the time of one man every day for several months previous to the Celebration. The chairman of the Printing Committee, who was also secretary of the Committee on Invitations, was at the City Hall every day, conducting his part of the work, and receiving names and addresses, and suggestions from citizens. The object of the Com mittee on Invitations was to bring knowledge of the approaching event to every son and daughter of the old town, wherever located, even, in foreign lands. For this purpose, notice was given by circular and through the daily press, that the committee desired to obtain the names and addresses of all those interested, or likely to be interested, in returning to the old town. Addressed postal cards were also sent out in the following form to about one thousand citizens, to facilitate the work : Northampton, Mass., March 15, 1904. The Committee on Invitations, for the 250th Anniversary Celebration of the city of Northampton, understand you to be a resident of the city, a representative of some of its old families, and sufficiently well acquaint ed to be able to give the names and addresses of some former residents or friends who would be pleased to receive an invitation to the exercises of next June. This committee will, therefore, greatly appreciate any returns you may make on the annexed card. Do not hesitate because you may think it as well to give your friends an invitation }'ourself. You can do that also, but any one who feels interested in the old town will be doubly pleased and complimented by an ofi&cial invitation from authorized representatives of the city. Prompt attention to this matter will very much aid in our work. Louis L. Campbell, Chairman. Charles F. Warner, Secretary. The response to these notices was very gratifying; so much so that the committee were several times obliged to extend the date set for the closing of the invitation list; and, practically, invitations had to be CHAIRMEN OF S U B - C O M M I T T E E S Top row, reading from left to right — Ernest W.. Hardy, on Reception and Entertainment; Richard W. Irwin, Parade; Louis L. Campbell, Invitations. Center — Charles F. Warner, Prmimff; Warren M. King, Decorations. Bottom — Jacob H. Carfrey, Children's Exercises; Elbridge G. Southwick, Banquet; John C. Hammond, Anniversary Tent. iy CHAIRMEN OF SUB-COMMITTEES Top row, reading from left to right — Thomas A. Orcutt, on Transportation; James W. Hef fernan, Illuminations; James H. Huntington, Press. Center — Thomas M. Shepherd, Historical Collections. Bottom — John T. Keating, Gam-es and Sports; Henry L. Williams, Music; John P. Thomp son, Salutes and Ringing of Bells. 58 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION sent out up to a day or two before the Celebration, in a few special cases. The strikingly beautiful and unique form of invitations issued was one reason for the long-continued call for them by citizens, to be sent to their friends and relatives. They were printed on hand-made, deckle- edge paper, in old English missal type and fashion, and many were sold as souvenirs during the Celebration days. In no case were they given out to the local people for distribution, because they were costly prints and the demand for them would far have exceeded the supply. Besides, it was deemed best that the invitation should go direct from the com mittee, to whom the replies were to be addressed, with proper, corrected addresses and such additional information as the committee desired. About 8,000 of the missal type invitations were sent out, and the com mittee received many letters expressing admiration for the fine design and the typographical work, which latter part was done by the Kings bury Box Company of Northampton. The invitations brought many replies from the absent sons and daughters from all over the country, and some of the letters were so interesting and pungent with valuable reminiscence that they were given to the local press, and added to the gradually increasing popular interest and enthusiasm. The committee then discussed a proposition to send out a renewal invitation, in plainer form, together with a clear and detailed statement of what the Celebration would comprehend; as it was hinted, in the original invitation, such a statement, in the nature of a program, would follow the formal invitation. Many delays pre vented the rounding out of the plans of the Executive Committee in such shape that an authoritative, complete and detailed program could be given at so early a date, but the Invitation Committee made up a form of renewal invitation as follows: COMMITTEE ON INVITATIONS 250tb i^^^^^'fil^ ®* ^^^ ^^^^ °^ Hnniversari? WhLim^MjkW^m IRortbampton Celebration mw^mJ^^^^mMl /iDass. Dear Sir or Madam: We have already had the pleasure of forwarding to you, in the name of the City of Northampton, an invitation to the exercises attending the Celebration of the Quarter-Millennial or 250th Anniversary of the Settlement of this ancient town, and herewith we hand you blanks, which, properly filled out, will aid the conimittee in ascertaining certain facts. If you accept this invitation, kindh- call at the City Hall upon your arrival and register. The plans of the Executive Committee, as to program, are now so far com pleted that we are able to promise all who come to the city June 5 , 6 and 7 , a di versified and interesting series of entertainments. While the details of the Celebration have not yet been wholly worked out, they may be outlined in a general way, as follows: The Celebration will begin Sunday, June 5, in the churches, with appropriate exercises in the morning, as each church may deem proper, and in the evening a grand free sacred concert will be given, under the direction of Prof. Story, who will, with the co-operation of the church choirs, give considerable old-time popular church music, as written by the late Prof. George Kingsley of this city, and others. For Monday, June 6, there will be indoor exercises at 10 o'clock a. m., which will include an address of welcome and oration. At 2 p. m. there will be a chil dren's parade, and during the afternoon, games and sports. In the evening the Northampton Vocal Club, an organization of which the city is justly proud, will give a concert, supported by the magnificent Festival Orchestra of Boston, after which a reception will be given to Governor Bates. On Tuesday, June 7, there will be a great parade of civic societies, with his toric floats, etc., at about 9.30 o'clock, with a banquet at i o'clock, and after- dinner speaking. *A River Carnival is in process of organization for the early evening hours, with following fireworks. A large tent will be erected upon the Forbes Library lawn, for assembly pur poses, and will serve as a place for general resort during other hours. Now, in the name of the City of Northampton, we renew the invitation formerly given you, to meet with us, in memory of Old Home Days, Sunday, Monday and Tuesday, June 5, 6 and 7 next, to renew the memories of "Auld Lang Syne," recall the names of those who made the old town famous, and glorify the deeds and monuments of beneficence which have made Northampton an im portant feature of state and national history. We ask your kindly immediate attention to the accompanying blank. Louis L. Campbell, Chairman. Charles F. Warner, Secretary. * The project of a river carnival wa.s afterwards abandoned, for several reasons. 60 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Accompanying this second invitation was a blank form for the use of the recipient, in filling out full address, with statement as to whether he or she accepted the invitation; was a native, a past resident, or only a friend of or an occasional visitor to the town. The recipient was also requested to state whether his ancestors at any time resided in the town. A division blank, on the same sheet, was printed for the convenience of the Entertainment and Reception Committee, and this asked the recipient to state whether he desired board or lodging, or both, while in the city; what price he would like to pay, and whether he would prefer to stop with private family or at a hotel. He was also requested to state whether he would like to have a banquet ticket reserved for him. A printed envelope, addressed to the secretary of the committee, was enclosed, and the second form of invitation as above given, with blank and return envelope, was mailed to all who received the original invita tion, within about a month after the first invitations were sent out. The second invitation brought forth many more replies than the first, as those invited were now better able to grasp the SGOpe of the Celebration. Many were also pleased to be again remembered and urged to come. Of course there were some at a distance, who responded regretfully, that they could not come, but the host of favorable responses brought much pleasure to the committee. If there had been time it is doubtless true that a third, still more urgent, invitation would have brought out a considerable additional favorable response, but the Cele bration hours were rapidly approaching, and the committee had to be content with what they had done. It was a curious fact that the blanks intended for the information of the Entertainment Committee were not much used, as most of the people invited from out of town came to stay with relatives or friends while in the city, and did not need to apply for entertainment. Yet the hotels were all filled on the second and third days of the Celebration, mostly by honorary guests of the city and by others whose former family connections here had passed away. There were about one hundred calls for banquet tickets on the blanks sent out. The secretary of the Invitation Committee enrolled alphabetically the addresses of those invited, in small books, by states and sections of country, and as about 4,000 names were obtained in this way, a collec tion of much value was made, which, together with the card index later, made by the Entertainment Committee, forms as complete a directory €it^ of Northampton (BTa Home Baps 3Iune fifti^i ^ixt^ anD ^ebenti^^ iWCiWi91i& ear^trorjlatiam fortortr ^ou tje offi' CCJeCommitteeon ctal program in a feto #eneral3fn\)itattoti£i tia^s. 5^e tiesitre to !)abeti3i2iuetrt|)tsiletter Ja\)e a large represen to apprise tje aljsent tation of former rest sons; anil tiaugliters of tients> t{)etr treseenti JEortJampton of tjie ants atiti our erst fbrtf)eominganti pleasure to tje rest tjje stall lie pleaseti to tients of tlie olti Cit? of ilortjampton to ejctenti tje Janti of \jjeleometotj)ose\jD{)o J)a\je\)isitetiantilieen itientitleti tDitl) us in tlie past CClie im portaneeoftliisetientlias alreati^ tieen ree ogni^eti li^ man^ olti anti former resitients ineorrespontienee tuitl) tljis anti otter eommtttees* anti tlie prospects aregooti for a memorable eelelira tion,CJto\u in lielialf of tte citizens of JEortf) ampton tje commit tee ejctenti a eortiial in\iitation to jou to eomejomeantijoinusin making tlje t\^mt one tliat sfiall long lie rememlieretiasa3^eti iletter 5Ba^ in tj^e Jistor^of tlie olti Cit^ ofjBtortliampton* C^ittcerel^^ours, ^. %. Campliell Cljairman, Ctias, jF. learner* ^ecretarp, Committee on '^n'axtaiitmg. l^ortljampton, ;fWaiSi6rac|)u jefettjf, 3lprtl fifteenth, NORTH AM PTOiN Recommends itself to those r.e.MKiiig; homer., 'rom ^'/•?rv' ^; "joint of view. Steam ,i!i(! electric trasisportation fur- j: ^ish connection with al! Pi.nits north and sout!'.. :;. k ¦iast and west. The city is out 17 miiss north of .^ ^ Spriiifffieid and on She through 'irs !o '.i; ^ntreal '-'-' _2 .• ind ihe White Mountfiins. i 10 miles fr,:m o ? y'o Boston and 150 from New YorK. T:-.e S -^ g « *-«-i Tio.'at important manufactures are in P •^. '-;_ ^' « O '"''-• line of silk, cutlery, baskets a;ri o i ^ '^-/~?, ^ ho;iiery. The climate is healthy. « x :^ c ^ 5 ¦^ inhabitants frequet-.tly attain- i ¦ tJ '' •' r; '^ V4 !iif^ the af.;e of ninaiy aiv:: r; -; p -- !r; c 4J> t.ver. txr.c-ilent hotels i? 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(y o r- ¦" T' i^ i> - *;: i2 Q <; Z « .y :S ~ T « ¦£, 2 o T= £ ¦aouaiiao E = '5.^-'" = „ g Qi « M -xs )B9j3 jo ajB « S "o . ..c ¦£ .2 S > S(ooqos uoujmoo ""-^StiooS^ sqt puB 'pan; tijooq tit ~ «':§£ « S W r- ^ ttiauiMopua aSjEi /jsa b "'§'P-§^-SS y^ SuiABq suo •sauBjqn onqnd «• >- ^ .2 ^ ^ ^ CJ aa-im aJB sjsqj, -saiiui jqSia g 5 « go \X\ }° sntpBJ E U!q)tM '<3umo) XqjBsu S'£'"-?^ « ^>^| UI sa3aiiOD pus siooqos Jaqjo uazop g « -a « S 8 uBqi ssa; ou Suiaq ajsq) 'Xjjunoo S J^-g, sqj UI lEjauaS ui issjsjui [EtiOHBonpa "^•g 2 IsaSiE! 3.|j JO jajuao aq) osje st i{ -pijott. o c " aq) UI puin aq) jo uopnjitsui injssaoons )soui *" 2- pUE)s^SJBi aqj'uauioM jojaSsnoo qjiujsjoamoq 2 ? puEXjunooaJiqsdiuEHjojEasaqjsni •OOO'OOO'CIS ^ uo!)Bn[BA 'uot)E[ndodooo'61 joXjioesi )j •ajB)s Xeg ? puB 3paa-x 'aou3.(0| J jo saSsdiA anhsajiijoid auj sapnpu( y* NfOXdWVHX>10M ' '^v. / O'-j- ///r / r - //f.i.j/fcy/ff.jf/'/.i r/f/lf/i //:¦ /// i/f.ff rf- rf/-yfrf/ //I, fY/f //-,,, ya^-/./// /,, //f,, ff ///,/,//'/ J, ^y ,-/j ^O/'yA . Wy^/'^/^'-r^<.jr//'0 ¦y„. j.,.,.,-/,^ ¦ '^-/./ f,.f/:.y.., ,.,.//„,. „„y.y,„,,„,, 'rf,,,,,,,,^^ . ^/'„,, /„.,„/,y j,^/^, a; „./,,„ /,„„,/,,,/ /,^^ y.y.y y/../. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 63 of old Northampton residents as probably could be made. This col lection is now in the hands of the City Clerk. The Executive and Finance Committee took charge of the matter of sending out invitations to the invited guests of honor — the Governor, mayors of cities, selectmen of towns, etc., and for this purpose elegant script invitations were prepared by Egbert I. Clapp, City Clerk and Secretary of the committee, in the form shown on opposite page. The first work of the Printing Committee was to issue an adver tising envelope, with reading matter, as given on another page. These envelopes were sold to the merchants at nearly cost price, the small profit made accruing to the printer. The business men were asked to use these envelopes in their correspondence for the two months pre ceding the Celebration, to advertise the city and its Anniversary^ Over 125,000 of these envelopes were sold and many were saved as souvenirs. In an early stage of the preparations the Printing Committee voted to offer a prize of Sio to any pupil or graduate of the high school, under twenty-one years of age, who would make a suitable design for the cover of an official souvenir program. Several designs of more or less merit were handed in, but the best design, yet one which did not quite meet the Committee's ideas, was made by Harry S. Whitbeck of Northampton, studying in the Pratt Institute at Brooklyn, X. Y., and in his twenty-third year. As he had not understood the terms of com petition he was given a consolation prize of five dollars, by a member of the Committee. The design includes, as a sketch, the Jonathan Ed wards elm and site of the old homestead. The design for the souvenir cover finally used is shown on page 65. This cover design was printed on a cover of heavy fawn-colored paper, the tablet containing the words, "Of&cial Program," the scroll, "Quarter-Millennial," the dates "1654 and 1904," and oblong border, with the seal and place and date of Celebration embossed and printed in bronzs and the rest in bright green ink. The city seal also appeared embossed in bronze, in larger form on the back of the cover. The inside pages of the souvenir had upon the first page vignettes of the three principal churches of the city, the First, Edwards, and St. John's, and the words, "Northampton, Mass., settled 1654, incorporated a city, 1884." The second page contained a group of the principal public buildings, such as the City Hall, Forbes Librar3^ Memorial Hall, Academy of Music, Smith College, Dickinson Hospital, Lilly Library 64 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION and Cosmian Hall. Upon the next page the announcement of services in the churches on Anniversary Sunday was prefaced by the portrait of Jonathan Edwards. On the next two facing pages, over the program for the "Service of Song," and on several others, were views in different parts of the city, flanked by vignettes of fanciful female figures, person ifying Religion and Education, one holding a book in hand and the other a cross. With the program of Monday's exercises appeared portraits of President L. Clark Seelye, Hon. John D. Long, Northampton's eleven year Governor of the state, Hon. Caleb Strong, and Hon. John L. Bates, Governor in the quarter-millenial year. The two following pages were [M@KT[JmRPT@Kl mm^^Ai'^M'^W, H3Wl,:th,fk. .Sketch of Competitive Design for a Program Cover, by a High School Pupil, showing Edwards Elm and Whitney Homestead on the right devoted to pictures of the past mayors of the city and members of the Executive Committee. Other pages following gave the program for other days, and were headed by other views about the city. Owing to the short time which the Committee on Printing had to work upon the program, it was not produced until the Saturday before the Celebration, and there was but a limited time for its sale. Several thousands were disposed of, but the printers did not reap the reward they deserved for their enterprise, and some copies were left on hand. So long as they last, the printers will doubtless be glad to supply orders for them, and as they were a very artistic feature of the part which the 66 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION "art preservative" took in the Celebration, those who have a copy of this book should also procure a copy of the souvenir to somewhere attach to it. Entertainment an& IReceptfon Committee The hardest work of the occasion, in so short a space of time, was done by the Entertainment and Reception Committee, of which Ernest W. Hardy was chairman. This committee had as its special charge Governor and Mrs. John L. Bates of Boston, to be entertained by Coun cilor and Mrs. Richard W. Irwin; Alderman Samuel S. Campion of Northampton, England, who was entertained as a guest of the city by Timothy G. Spaulding at the Norwood Hotel (located on the site of the old homestead of the late John Clarke, one of the town's greatest benefactors, and where many other notabilities stayed during the Celebration) ; and George Sheldon of Deerfield, entertained by Frederick N. Kneeland and Mrs. Henry Lathrop; also the Governor's staff, enter tained by Col. Henry L. Williams. For the convenience of guests and visitors at large, the committee had made ample and comprehensive preparations, far exceeding in detail any ever attempted anywhere else, on a similar occasion, so far as is known. The hotel and registration scheme was an original one. To meet his plans Chairman Hardy turned the city practically into a vast hotel. By means of blanks, sent out weeks in advance, he obtained the names and location of every person in the city who had rooms to let or who would furnish meals. This information was placed in the reg istration booth at the union depot, and this place was, to all intents and purposes, a great hotel office. The clerks in charge had at their command a dozen messengers. Visitors arriving on the trains, as requested, reported promptly at the depot booth, upon their arrival, and were assigned at once to the quarters engaged by them then or beforehand; the messengers then took their baggage in hand and accompanied them to the places provided. Owing to the fact that the Committee on Invi tations had so few replies to the blanks sent out for the guidance of the Entertainment Committee, it was reported in the press, at the time, that the latter committee had little to do in the way of providing board and lodging for visitors, but this was not so; for, while few reported to the Invitation Committee by letter, a large number did later, to the NORTHAMPTON. MASSACHUSETTS 67 other committee, and many more decided at the last moment to come, and their first claim to the committee's attention came at the depot booth. Thus, while the great majority of the visitors to the city were guests of their relatives and friends while here, the Entertainment Com mittee had to care for several hundred more. There were five information booths in the city, including the com bined registration and information booth in the City Hall. The first booth, already described, was at the depot, the second at the corner of the court-house yard, the third in the office of the Superintendent of Streets at the City Hall, the fourth (combined with registration) in the City Hall corridor, and the fifth on the Forbes Library grounds. These booths bore the large, striking sign, "Ask the Man!" and were open from seven o'clock in the morning until eleven o'clock at night, every day from Saturday to Tuesday inclusive. The sj-stem of registration at the City Hall corridor was so surpris ingly simple and effective that it is strange it has not been thought of before elsewhere. On one side of the corridor was arranged a long bank or desk, sufficient to accommodate a dozen or more writers. Here pens and ink and blank cards were supplied, and as fast as visitors came in, in response to the sign outside, "Register Now," they were directed what to do. The cards had blank lines to fill in, showing name and address, place where the visitor was stopping while in the city, when he arrived and when he proposed to depart. As fast as these cards were filled out they were gathered up by the clerks and filed away, alphabeti- calh', in the usual card index fashion. This registry was availed of by nearly all visitors to the city who came to stay any length of time, and over 3,500 names were recorded during the three days. Ordinarily, on such an occasion, the custom has been to place one or more books for registry in several places, in hopes to catch the attention of some who might not visit all places, but the superiority of Mr. Hardy's plan was shown in having one central point for registry, with which the whole city was familiar. Here the telephone was kept busy every moment, almost, answering the inquiries of people concerning their friends, whether they had arrived, where they were stopping, etc. This registry was the means of bringing many friends and relatives together who might not otherwise have met, as the card index furnished a temporary directory of practically all the visitors in the city. 68 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Besides furnishing information, the parties in charge of the various booths were commissioned to sell badges, buttons, souvenirs and author ized guides, and the gross receipts from such sales was afterwards found to be $425. The overdraft on the general appropriation fund made by this committee was nearly offset by these receipts, for which they were given no credit. All the booths were equipped with telephones by the local company, without charge, and this service also contributed greatly to the success of the committee's work. Chairman Hardy had at his service a carriage with three relays of horses, for use in the forenoon, afternoon and evening, respectively, and these teams were in charge of Jean H. Hallett, who gave unremitting service, with the chairman, during the three days of the Celebration. The clerks and messengers in the employ of the committee worked in eight-hour shifts, but Mr. Hardy and young Hallett worked eighteen hours a day throughout, and found it the biggest task of their lives. Miss Bessie M. Ferris was bookkeeper and in charge of the stock distribution at the City Hall booth office, and the information and registration booths were in charge of the following: At the depot, Henry E. Partridge and Robert A. Bosworth; court-house yard, Thomas F. Ahearn and John F. Ahearn; Forbes Library grounds, William Thayer and Frank A. Mayhew; Superintendent of Streets office, Edward L. Shaughnessy and Frank D. Wilcox; City Hall combined registration and information booth, Oliver B.Bradley and Julian F. Weir. Chairman Hardy had the satisfaction, at least, after all his hard work, of having many prominent people from out of town come to him, during the three days, and say that they had never seen any place where matters were so comprehensively and clearly arranged for the reception of visitors on such an occasion. The fact was that strangers or general visitors, in doubt about any matter, had very little to worry about. Once they made up their minds what they wanted, all they had to do was to "Ask the Man." This open invitation to "Ask the Man" was naturally the cause of much merriment, but the injunction provoked so much inquiry that it vindicated its usefulness to a surprising degree. Committee on iParaOe No one committee was busier or had a more comprehensive work on hand those busy weeks preceding the Celebration than the Committee on Parade, of which Richard W. Irwin was chairman. The committee NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 69 was no sooner appointed than its work was practically begun, as Mr. Irwin's methodical mind at once took in hand the details which he and his aids later carried out. Correspondence was opened for the purpose of obtaining suggestions, and the aid of the most experienced men in the city was solicited and secured. Mr. Irwin practically abandoned his law business, and for six weeks gave his entire time to plans for that great spectacular feature of the Celebration, the parade. As it became necessary to enlist the co-operation of the general public, for the purpose of securing the necessary material for trimming floats and carriages, energetic and persistent work had to be done to rouse the people, but once they understood what was wanted they came out in as large num bers as could be taken care of in the hall provided for the purpose, where were ultimately prepared all the decorations needed for carriages. Chairman Irwin found all the helpers he needed when he went to the public schools and told the children what was wanted. He had to tell his story at only one of the schools, and the next day Dewey's Hall, used for the purpose, was filled, and at one time there were about 150 persons, old and young, preparing the paper flowers needed. These flowers of tissue paper were made under the direction of Mrs. Charles E. Lyons of Greenfield. From ten to fifteen minutes were required to make some of the more elaborate flowers, but most of them were made rapidly. These paper flowers simulated mostly white, yellow and red roses, red and yellow California poppies, chrysanthemums of all colors and the white syringa. It is estimated that over 25,000 of these were furnished for carriage trimming, and those who participated in the work felt well repaid for the time spent, in the experience gained for possible future use. It was no small enterprise to secure the 336 horses which appeared in the parade, and the committee were obliged to send to Springfield, Holyoke, Amherst and several other places for the horses required, and then there was not an animal left in the local stables that could have been utilized. The committee had a long hunt for a goat needed on one of the floats, and it was finally secured. Co-operating with Mr. Irwin, in preparations for and carrying out this part of the Celebration, were the following, including his aids: George S. Whitbeck, Edward P. Hall, Charles N. Fitts, Wilham C. Pomeroy, John J. Raleigh, Eugene E. Davis, William A. Stevenson, Victor Rocheleau, William A. Clark, Robert B. Weir, William Grant, 70 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Hubbard M. Abbott, Wilham A. Bailey, David W C. Scates, John E. Bates, James W. Reid, George R. Spear, Frank E. Davis, Robert H. Clapp, S. William Clark, William H. Smith, Thomas J. Hammond, Edward T. Foley, Charles E. Herrick, Frederick G. Jager, John McCool, Clayton E. Davis, Charles S. Pratt, Jr. The work of Mr. Irwin and his committee is best described in the chapter devoted to the parade. ttbe fHxess Committee The Press Committee, while not so conspicuous in its work as some of the other committees, nevertheless rendered valuable and efficient service and contributed its share in making the Celebration a great success. The committee was composed of James H. Huntington of the Daily Gazette, Chairman; Homer C. Chapin of the Daily Herald, secretary; John L. Best of the Daily Gazette, Charles W. Pierce of the Daily Herald, Albert H. Carpenter of the Spring-field Republican, and Charles G. Fairman of the Springfield Union. The first work done by the committee was the sending out of printed matter to all the leading papers in New England and to many of the papers in other parts of the country, which gave the history of the town, from the first day of the settlement; described the city fully, in its advantages as an educational center, its industrial interests and attractiveness as a place of residence. The program of the three days' exercises was also given. In this respect the committee performed the duty of a Committee of Publicity, for every two weeks during the two months preceding the Celebration, this printed matter of general interest was sent out by mail. During the three days of the Celebration, the committee had its headquarters in the Metcalf block, at the entrance to Crafts avenue, nearly opposite the City Hall. Stenographers and typewriters were kept busy in preparing duplicate copies of all the speeches that were made and of all the events that occurred,' and the visiting newspaper men were supplied with copies. Badges, suitably inscribed, were provided for the newspaper men. The emblem on the badges was a squirrel, with the legend, "The First Settler." Among the visiting editors and representatives of newspapers were Frederick W. Main, assistant city editor of the Springfield Republican ; Albert P. Langtry, managing editor of the Springfield Union; Walter S. Carson of Greenfield, representative of the Springfield Union and the Boston Globe; Herbert C. Parsons, editor of the Greenfield Recorder; NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 71 William G. Dwight, editor of the Holyoke Transcript; Vernon E. Hastings of the Holyoke Te/egraw,- George L. Munn, editor of the East hampton Xews; John Leitch, editor of the Easthampton Enterprise; Edward W. Carpenter and Charles F. Morehouse, editors of the Amherst Record; Edward A. Capron, editor of the Ware River Xeivs; Lyman N. Clark, editor of the Westfield Ti-mes; Herbert E. Riley, representative of the Boston Herald and the New York Tribune; Ralph L. Baldwin, representative of the New York Sun. Other Boston and New York papers were represented and also a number of papers in Hartford and New Haven, Conn. Committee on Speakers The Committee on Speakers first met about three weeks before the Celebration, and organized with Judge William G. Bassett as chairman and John C. Mangan as secretary. Numerous letters of inquiry were at once sent out, with the view in every case of obtaining the best speak ers from the various interests considered desirable to have represented at the Celebration. The list of speakers whom it was deemed desirable to have present included such men as Chauncey M. Depew, John Proctor Clark of New York, ex-President Rev. Timothy Dwight of Yale College, and President Charles W. Eliot of Harvard College. Mr. Depew was invited because he lived in Peekskill, where the monument to General Seth Pomeroy was erected; ex-President Dwight of Yale College was included as a descendant of Jonathan Edwards; President Eliot, as president of the college in which the most eminent college men of Northampton were educated; and Mr. Clark, as a noted orator and the most distinguished Northampton man in New York. Unfortunately, three of these men had other engagements and President Dwight's ill health would not permit him to appear. There were some criticisms afterwards because the committee did not secure local speakers for the tent exercises, but the committee desired to obtain the best outside talent, because, as one of them expressed it, "we can hear our local speakers 365 days in the year." Committee on ©amca an6 Sports The Committee on Games and Sports had a thorny time of it for awhile, arranging for their part of the program. They were hampered for funds, and there was a difierence of opinion as to just what would be the most popular form of amusement. 72 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION George P. O'Donnell, first chairman of this committee, felt obliged to resign on account of a personal interest in the local baseball team, which was scheduled for a part in the third day's sports, and John T. Keating took his place, and gave his entire time to the work. The com mittee finally decided upon a free baseball game and fireworks the last day of the Celebration, and the admirable manner in which they carried out this part of the public entertainment is referred to in another place. There were strong objections by many to the use of the fireworks pro posed for the close of the Celebration, and the fear of accidents or con flagration was not allayed until the committee announced that this part of the Celebration would be held on the driving park. Xlbe Wotk of ©tber Committees The work of the Committees on Decorations and Illuminations is described elsewhere, under separate chapters. Though not the most spectacular, the preparatory and finished work of the Committee on Historical Localities and that on Historical Collections was the most important of any, in the truest sense of the word, for theirs was the basis of the Celebration. This preparatory and completed work is best described in subsequent pages, by Henry S. Gere and Thomas M. Shepherd, the fortunately chosen chairmen of these respective committees. The Tent and Banquet Committees had about the most difficult problems to handle, because they had to "cut according to the cloth," and no one knew just how much was wanted. There was no place in the center of the city which would accommodate the large circus tent first talked of, and the trustees of the Forbes Library finally offering the rear of their lot, a tent had to be erected there to fit the lot. This could accommodate only about 2,500 people, but when it was used, a larger crowd always gathered outside, and heard much that was going on. The Banquet Committee's task of preparation was difficult, because it was not for some time decided what the people wanted in the way of refreshment in a formal way. It was finally concluded that the simplest way was the best, and the course taken and described further on, was generally approved. A word should be said for the Committee on the Anniversary Ex ercises in the Academy of Music, Monday. President Seelye was chair man of this committee and ex-Mayor Henry P Field secretary, and the NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 73 other members were George W. Cable, Judge William P Strickland and ex-Mayor John B. O'Donnell. The committee made an excellent choice for an orator, in selecting ex-Gov. John D. Long, while two others were considered — John Hay, secretary of state, and William H. Moody, sec retary of the navy, but Mr. Long was finally chosen because of his special interest in Northampton. The selection of the Academy of Music for the opening exercises proved an excellent one, although the tent was talked of. As already noticed, there was no overcrowding at the Academy and few were obliged to stand. The tickets for box seats were distrib uted to Governor Bates, Frank Lyman, whose father presented the Academy; Mayor Hallett, President Seelye, and Oscar Edwards, who provided for Governor Long's guests. The ladies who accompanied the Governor's party were also assigned boxes. Without a plentiful supply of music, the Celebration would have been incomplete, and the Committee on Music, Col. Henry L. Williams, chairman, made the most of the funds at their disposal, furnishing there with the excellent concerts, indoors and open-air, and provided, besides, all the band music necessary for the parade. Visitors from other cities expressed their surprise at the local musical talent, and seemed to have been ignorant of or had forgotten about Northampton's ancient and superior musical reputation. It was generally conceded that the Committee on Children's Exer cises furnished a most useful and inspiring part of the entertainment, and the children themselves did their full duty. The most economical committee was that on Salutes. It did its work thoroughly and well, and expended only $i6 of its appropriation of $ioo. The official bell-ringing and salutes were given only on Monday morning, because there was considerable objection offered by many to their repetition the next day. Through the energetic efforts of Thomas A. Orcutt and Louis H. Warner of the Transportation Committee, reduced rates were secured on the different railroads entering the city, and their early action con tributed largely to swelling the crowd of out-of-town visitors. Through the influence of Councilor Richard W. Irwin, the kind offices of the Boston & Maine Railroad Company were extended to the Transportation Committee, in a most signal way, in furnishing free transportation for the state troops from Springfield, who appeared in the parade of Tuesdaj-. 74 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Where all the committees did so well in the work of preparation, it is difficult to particularize, but the perfect results which followed are sufficient evidence that the preparations on the part of all were most creditable to all. The chairmen of committees were all workers, and chosen with rare skill and discretion for their tasks. Here the sub-committee which reported the list showed an evenness of judgment that was indeed remarkable, for out of the long list of working members every one of them was proven fitted for his task. The managers of the Tri-cen- tenary Celebration, in 1954, will be fortunate indeed if they are as wise in the construction of their committees. His Honor the Mayor, Chairman of the Executive and Finance Committee, did not say much, — probably, and properly, considering his position that of a mere governor, or executive, to carry out the wishes of the people — but his constant presence at committee meetings was both an encouragement and inspiration to the workers, and all felt that he was a dignified and worthy chief representative of the city in its quarter-millennial year. To City Clerk Clapp, more than any other one man, is due the success of the Celebration, and the general thoroughness of the committee work already described. He was consulted by everybody, was visited frequently by the chairmen of all committees, and always had a ready answer or suggestion. If others faltered or hesitated, or seemed dis couraged by the inevitable obstacles which always accompany such undertakings, he was not at all affected, never showed the slightest discouragement, and his tact and good judgment were shown on more than one occasion, when that alone saved the day. ©tber ©reparations Not the least important of the preparations was the location of sanitaries and the erection of drinking fountains at suitable places about the city. The locations were made with excellent judgment and, sub sequent events showed, with warm popular approval. Credit is due William Grant and John E. Bates respectively, for furnishing the ice and water barrels. In connection with the work done in the line of sanitation and for public comfort, the preparations made by the Home Culture Clubs and carried out, were most appreciated and noteworthy, and are referred to elsewhere. NORTHAMPTON. MASSACHUSETTS 75 With the co-operation of the Trustees of the Dickinson Hospital and Dr. Edward W. Brown, the city physician, it was arranged so that on the morning of the parade the ambulance should be kept in readiness for immediate service, with a physician in attendance. It was planned also to have physicians accessible at various points on the line of the anniversary parade, and a full list of them was in possession of all the officers on the streets. It was hoped in this way to minimize the results of any possible accident which might occur owing to the presence of the large crowd expected in the city on the day of the parade. PROCLAMATION BY THE MAYOR Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Mayor's Office, City Hall, Northampton, May 31, A D. 1904. To Otir Citizens, Greeting: Whereas, our City Council has, in the exercise of a power duly granted unto it by our General Court, provided for a Celebration of the 250th Anniversary of our settlement as a municipality, and a committee thereto duly authorized has designated Sunday, Monday and Tuesday, June 5th, 6th and 7th next, as the time for such Celebration. Now, therefore. Let us each and all join heartily in the ceremonies of this notable occasion, for the success thereof depends upon our united efforts. Let us with pride recall the intelligent bravery of those who laid the strong foundations of our ancient and enduring city, and grate fully recount their brave deeds, their voluntary privations and hardships in freedom's cause, for the results of their compelling efforts are the rich blessings we now enjoy. Let us tarry for the brief season set apart for these ceremonies and recount the trials and dangers and reverentially mention the names of those who have placed their names high upon the honor roll of North ampton's proud history. Let us, in humble imitation of their great virtues, pause for the time and dedicate ourselves to the performance of those duties of citi zenship so essential to the preservation of the institutions they bestowed upon us. To this end I recommend that all our people assemble in their houses of worship upon the Sabbath day of June 5th next, and there offer their devotions of thanksgiving and praise for the very many bless ings which have been vouchsafed unto us by the Ruler of the Universe during our long and uninterrupted continuance as a municipality. And further, that all our people may be permitted to freely give themselves to the entertainment of our home-coming sons and daughters, our distinguished guests and the strangers who may be "within our gates," and to otherwise join in the festivities of the occasion, I recom mend that, in so far as the same may be conveniently practicable, all business be suspended; that all our stores, shops and factories be closed upon the day of the civic, commercial and military parade, being June 7th next. God save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and our beloved City of Northampton. Henry C. Hallett, Mayor. CHIEF MARSHAL'S GENERAL ORDER, No. i The following General Order, No. i, was issued by Chief Marshal Jairus E. Clark, Wednesday, June i : Headquarters Chief ;\Iarshal of the 250TH Axxi\-ersary Parade General Order, No. i. The civic and military parade of the 250th Anniversary Celebration will occur June 7th. The line will be formed in Ward Three and will consist of at least six divisions. The line will be made up as follows: Advance guard of sixteen deputy sheriffs, mounted. The following assignments have been made: To be chief of staff, Richard AV. Irwin; marshal of the first division. Col. Henry L. AVilliams; second division, Capt. Edward P. Hall ; third division, detail not yet made ; fourth division, John J. Raleigh; fifth division, chief of fire department, Frederick E. Chase; sixth division, Frederick G. Jager. The first division will consist of the 3d battalion. Second Regiment of Infantry, M. V. M., Co. H, Naval Battalion of Springfield; WilHam L. Baker Post, G. A. R., Spanish AA'ar Veterans, Sons of Veterans, the Governor and Staff and his Council and other distinguished guests, and decorated private carriages. Second Division — Civic societies and other floats. Third Division — Floats and carriages from the towns of Easthamp ton, Southampton and AA'esthampton, and other out-of-town vehicles. Fourth Division — Historical floats, coaches, etc., representing the manufacturing industries of the city. Fifth Division — Northampton fire department. Sixth Division — Automobiles. The automobile division will not appear in such a way as to be a source of danger by frightening horses, as it will take no part in the countermarch. It will leave the main line at Crescent street and join the left of the line when it passes the^watering trough in North Elm street. The line of march is that published by the Parade Committee. The chiefs of divisions will appoint their own aids. The head of each division will be provided with martial music. All those who are to join in the line of march in any way whatever will at once notify Capt. Richard AA^ Irwin, chairman of the Parade Committee, not later than Saturday next, stating what their contribu tions will be, whether in floats, coaches, carriages, marching men or otherwise. It is most essential that this should be done, that the line may be properly arranged and places for the formation of the special division assigned. To guard against injury or accident it is recommended that any vehicle drawn by more than two horses shall have footmen at the head 78 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION of the leading horses, said footmen to be dressed in some sort of uniform or distinguishing dress. No float or coach or other vehicle shall be higher than twelve feet six inches from the ground. This is to prevent accidents from bridges and trolley wires. All who are to participate in the parade are ordered to report at the junction of Hawley and Bridge streets, near the underpass on Main street, at 9 o'clock, on Tuesday, June 7th, and any one not so reporting must form in the rear of the division they are assigned to when they report. By order of Jairus E. Clark, Chief A lar shal. By Chief of Staff, Richard W. Irwin. CHIEF MARSHAL'S GENERAL ORDER, No. 2 The following General Order, concerning the preparations and make-up of the parade, were issued by Chief Marshal Jairus E. Clark, Saturday afternoon, June 4: General Orders, No. 2. Headquarters of the Chief Marshal, June 4, 1904. All who are to participate in the parade will report to the Marshal of the division to which they are assigned, as hereinafter indicated, at 9 o'clock in the morning on Tuesday next. It will require at least one hour to arrange the line ; therefore it is imperatively necessary that all shall report promptly, as the parade will begin at 10 o'clock sharp, at which time a signal will be fired by the naval battalion from Spring field. Aids will be stationed at the junction of Hawley, Bridge and Market streets to direct parties to the divisions to which they have been assigned. The headquarters of the Chief Marshal will be at the junction of Bridge street and Pomeroy Terrace. The heads of divisions will be as follows : Headquarters of First Division in front of the residence of John L. Draper on Bridge street; Col. Henry L. Williams, marshal. Headquarters of Second Division will be at the junction of Pom eroy Terrace and Bridge street; Capt. Edward P- Hall, marshal. Headquarters of the Third Division will be at the junction of Pine and Bridge streets; Edward L. Shaw, marshal. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 79 Headquarters of the Fourth Division will be at the corner of Bridge and Orchard streets; John J. Raleigh, marshal. Headquarters of the Fifth Division will be at the junction of Han cock and Hawley streets; Frederick E. Chase, chief of fire department, marshal. Headquarters of the Sixth Division (automobiles) will be at the junction of lower Pleasant and Holyoke streets; Frederick G. Jager, marshal. I again impress upon all who are to join in the parade the necessity of extreme caution in the management of their vehicles, to the end that there may be no accident or injury to any one. All who are to participate in the line of march will start from the place where the line is formed, as it will be impossible to allow them conveniently and safely to join at other points. I ask the good-natured co-operation of all participating in the parade, that it may be that grand success that ought to crown our efforts in this matter. The colors of the Chief Marshal and Staff will be red, of the Second Division, white; Third Division, blue; Fourth Division, yellow; Fifth Division, green, and Sixth Division, purple. Jairus E. Clark, Chief Marshal. By Richard W. Irwin, Chief of Staff. DECORATIONS AND ILLUMINATIONS WITH the practical completion of most of the committee work, the proclamation of the Mayor, and the general orders of the Chief ilarshal, this record brings the reader to a relation of the completed results, so far as decorations and illuminations were con cerned, vSaturday night, June 4, and a description of these features requires separate chapters. THE DECORATION S The Committee on Decorations contracted with the American Decorating Companv of South Framingham to care for the public build ings and carry out the scheme for arraying Mam street, and this concern did its work well. AA'arren M. King, the chairman of the committee, gave this subject almost his entire time during the last two weeks pre ceding the Celebration, visited Hartford and other places where cele brations were then or recently had been in progress, and returned home determined to have the best. Mr. King found that the decorations in some places were torn, dingy and worn out, for the most part, and one of the conditions of the contract with the American Decorating Company was that all the material used on Main street should be bran new. The result was that when the work was done, the effect was much supe rior to the ordinary run of similar decorative work in the large cities. The scheme for Main street, favored by the late Mr. Copeland, and for which he had a striking design or sketch prepared, months before his death, contemplated making Main street a veritable bower of flags and bunting, from the underpass to City Hall, and his plan was car ried farther by Mr. King and his committee, with the contractors, in extending the scheme to the junction of Elm and West streets. Their plan of decoration brought into use the twenty-two trolley poles on each side of the street — forty -four in all. These were used to support three separate pieces of decoration; first, a "pull" of the national colors, in stripes, about eight feet long, caught up and draped in a curtain effect; next to that a quarter-circle or fan-shaped combination of the national colors, and beyond that the national flag. These pieces of decoration were suspended from a pole at right angles with the trolley pole and hung sufficiently high (about eight feet) above the ground to be out of reach of mischievous boys or rowdies ; as shown in the illustration of the scene near the underpass on Main street. Decorations, Viewed from Corner of Main and Masonic Streets NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 83 Forbes Library A gay overhead show was made the entire length of the street by stretching across, from curb to curb, attached to the roofs of buildings, and about sixty feet apart, a collection of signal flags, and flags of all nations, with the American flag in the center of each line. There were thirty of these streamers, and all the material used being bright and new, this contributed greatly to the success of the general scheme of Main street decoration, which was so much admired by visitors. When the sun set Saturday night every business block on Main street was decorated with flags or bunting, and the effect was univer sally conceded, by citizens and visitors alike, to be the most elegant and sumptuous ever seen in the same area of space anywhere; for it was not only completely comprehensive, but the worn, dingy effect so noticeable in the average schemes of street decoration was entirely lacking, and the whole display was one of sparkling brightness and beauty. This work was completed before the illuminations of the evening, described elsewhere, and visitors found plenty to admire in the decora tions, before the ten thousand lamps of the night sent out their brilliant glow. The Court of Honor was a "thirig of beauty" in the daytime as well as by night, and was at all times the cynosure of all eyes. This structure was erected by Simons & Fox of Hartford, and was mainly a NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS combination of twelve white pillais, ten of which were eighteen feet high and two twenty feet high, arranged nearly in a semi-circle and lining the walks approaching the Memorial Hall, in front of which structure it was appropriately placed. Strings of laurel and wiring for lamps extended from pillar to pillar and from different parts of the semi-circle to the roof of the building. In front, near the sidewalk on Main street, stood an arch, to be illuminated, with the lettering, "1654 — Northampton — 1904." The erection of a Court of Honor was the result of a compromise over a difference of opinion as to the advisability of erecting an arch on Main street. An arch has always been considered the proper thing on such occasions. r City Hall and it seemed nec essary to crown the work of deco ration with some large and hand some set piece of design. The com mittee went so far as to locate the place for an arch, but still were not quite satisfled to carry out the reg ulation plan, when it occurred to them that it might be well to accept the suggestion of Chairman James AV Heffernan, of the Illumination Committee, and visit Hartford, where a notable Grand Army cele bration was then being held, and u NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS see what was being done there. Chairman King was accompanied to Hartford by John T. Dewey and Oscar F. Ely of his committee and Chairman Heffernan of the Committee on Illuminations, and the result was the happy selection of a Court of Honor as the central feature of decoration, instead of an arch. From this time on the two commit tees, on decorations and illuminations, worked in unison and harmony, thus contributing to the perfect results that followed. The City Hall front, next to the Court of Honor, was a bower of flags and bunting, flags were caught up overhead in the porch, under the great balcony, and the mass of color ran along all the lines of the build ing to the Gothic turrets at the top. The word "AA'elcome" and the city seal were the only diversions in the decorative scheme. The hand some showing of this seal, in the City Hall decorations, attracted much attention, as few of the visitors and many of the citizens had ever seen it in any form. This seal presents considerable detail of design, and is not altogether understood. It was designed by a Northampton bo}', Thomas M. Shepherd, while a young man, in 1884. The design consists of a circle of mulberry leaves, significant of the silk industry, with the word "Northampton" at the top, two female figures and a landscape of local scenery including the "Old Church," Smith College tower, silk mills and the mountains, with the motto, "Caritas, Justi tia, Educatio." One of the female figures represents the Goddess of Knowledge, sur rounded with the symbols of learning, descending from her well-known eminence, to thank Charity for her many liberal bequests. Charity replies that she is inspired by a higher law, of Generosity, Justice and Good Will. The agricultural interests are shown by a view of the meadows and farming implements. Smith College buildings were decorated in an unique and original way, the conventional colors and arrangement being wholly discarded, this work being properly delegated to Miss Mary R. Williams of the college art department. Her conception of taste in this matter was generally approved by those who recognize the fitness of things. The Chemistry building was decorated with bands of white and red cloth, and the Hillyer Art building and the President's house were festooned in the empire style, with white cheesecloth, caught up with rosettes of magenta colored cloth and wreaths of laurel. This same combination was carried out on the front of the Administration build ing, the festooning there, of course, being more extensive in length. o < NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS and here, besides the national flag, waved the flags of all the classes, while the national flag was also draped over the front entrance. Forbes Library, the High School building. Academy of Music, and Clarke Library were all festooned with the national colors, and embel lished with the different de signs intended for illumi nation. The committee's plan embraced the decoration of the South street bridge and the Main street underpass, all the fire engine houses and school-houses of the citv, including Florence, Leeds and Bay State; the reviewing stand, which was erected on Main street, nearly in front of French's store, and the anniversary tent. The Burn- ham-Capen school buildings and Home Culture Clubs house were tastefully deco rated by the management. The county officials were not behindhand in recognizing the im portance of the occasion, for they directed the decoration of the court house and assented to the illumination of the court-house fountain, elsewhere described. The exterior of Odd Fellows hall, in Dewey's block, was covered with the emblems of the order, the three links, shepherd's crook, bundle of sticks, emblematic of the power of union and co-operation; a heart in the hand, a crown, sword, and representation of Rebekah at the well. The Oi,d Bai NORTHAMPTON', MASSACHUSETTS 91 Siai.TH Charities The armory of Company I was of course well cared for, and a pic ture of the battle of San Juan Hill, in which the old company had a part, was placed over the front entrance. Close by is the old Whitney homestead and site of the home of Jonathan Edwards, and this was decorated by direction of the heirs of the Edwards family, who sent funds to the Executive Com mittee for that purpose. Historic old King street, as a whole, was also well cared for. The French church parsonage, formerly the Erastus Hopkins place, and the old Doctor Fisk place, now owned by Joseph L. Fowler, were festooned with bunting. Every house on the projected line of march, on Bridge street, was decorated; all on Henshaw avenue, including the specially fine dis plays of Capt. Richard W. Irwin and Charles E. Childs. Every house on Elm street displayed more or less bunting, and the decorations on the residence of J. Howe Demond were of unusual elaboration. Of more than ordinary interest in the way of decoration was what was done in this line for two of the older and more historic houses of the town — that owned and occupied by Thomas M. Shepherd and built by his famous ancestors, as also the old Chauncey E. Parsons house, fronting the Bridge street park. The exteriors of the churches were not decorated, the nearest ap proach to decoration being at the First church, where two American flags were crossed and intertwined over the front entrance. The best decorated hotel in the city was The Hampton, fol lowed closely by the Bay State House and City Hotel. The Mansion House was not at this time in commission as a hotel, but the owner of the block, John L. Draper, did his share in the honors of the occasion. The Union Station, with its long arcade, was sparingly but judiciously decorated, considering the danger from locomotive sparks. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 93 Beldings' mill and boarding house displayed attractiveschemes of dec oration, and the Armour and Handy Beef Company build ings on Market street and the Swift Com panys place on Hawley street, were handsome- ly trimmed. Besides those mentioned in the foregoing paragraphs, all places were dec orated that were illuminated, as described in the article following, on illuminations. At Florence, Lilly Library and most of the business places, the Florence Hotel and Cottage Hotel, were cared for, and this part of the city showed its full share of public spirit and patriotism when the hour struck. THE IL LUMINATIONS The improvements of electrical invention have made it possible to supplement the effect of decorations on buildings and streets with some very striking combinations of color and light, and this was first realized in this city when the Committee on Illuminations had com pleted their work with the contractors, Simons & Fox of Hartford. Chairman Ja'mes AA' Heffernan of this committee had given two months of study and work to the matter, and, confronted at first with a problem Hotel H .^. .m p t o n NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS entirely new to him, he yet succeeded in grappling with a puzzling mass of details in a very satisfactory way, the local electric light company aiding in the technical work with courtesy and promptitude and giving much gratuitous service. The light was first turned on to the complete illumination scheme Saturday night, June 4, and the effect was magnifi cent. On the various public buildings were thousands of lamps hanging on long stretches of wire, in festoons, from point to point, on the cornices and side walls of the different structures. Odd Fellows Hall From Smith College to the corner of Main and King streets, there was a continuous blaze of light, making the broad, picturesque Main street almost as clear as by day. From the college tower blazed several large arc lights, which, sometimes hidden by light foliage and anon brought into full view from another point of observation, seemed like a group of newly discovered moons in the heavens. Forbes Library was a mass of most brilliant corruscation of colored lights, its situation, back from the street, lending itself admirably to heighten the effect. o u ':^W%- '>-,>¦ . »:-Mi The Court of Honor ai XiCiHT Over the front arch of the stone porch shone the figures "1654-1904." From one side of the building to the other, lines of light extended and the large bay window of the reference room was outlined in light from scores of lamps festooned from the eaves of the roof to fhe sills of the large windows. Next was the High School building, which was more simply illuminated, but the light-colored brick seemed to furnish an additional glow to the light scheme The mystic "250" years of the past shone in figures over the entrance, and lamps in a continuous line extended along the Main and South street fronts. The Academy of Music was very effectively illuminated by placing rows of colored lights in the panes of the large front windows, while far above these the terra cotta panel, bearing the words, "Academy of Music," was lighted with plain lamps, so as to give the effect of foot lights. On the front lawn was a powerful reflecting light, which turned a brilliant glow upon the lower part of the building. From this point the blaze lighted one on to the beautiful Court of Honor, in front of the Clarke Library. This was the most elaborate work of the electrician's art, as also of the decorator's, alreadv described. No description, however, can do this work justice. It simply stands out in the memory of those who saw it, like a most beautiful fleeting vision. The chaste white fluted pillars, with their carved Corinthian 98 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION capital, were capped by glowing disks, which faced the interior of the court and the street ; then the light of hundreds and hundreds of incan descent lamps extended in graceful curving lines from pillar to pillar, and from the wide arch at the front of the court to the building in the rear. The lights in the festoons and long lines were uncolored, but those which surrounded the disks were many colored. Over the entrance to the library was the crown piece of illuminating art, the national flag picked out in its proper colors of red, white and blue, the stars and stripes all there — a living flag of light. About three hundred Lilly Library, Florence lamps were required to complete this piece of work. On one side of the doorway the seal of the United States was surrounded by a border of lights and on the other the Massachusetts coat of arms was lighted in a similar manner. Festoons of light extended from the sides of the building to the very apex of the roof, and a little beyond, to the left, could be seen the roof of the office building of the local gas company outlined in lines of glowing gas jets. The City Hall was naturally one of the best illuminated public buildings, and standing, as it does, at the best vantage point for view < a, M hym^^Smi^ 100 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION of any public building on the street, it could be seen a considerable dis tance, in all its glory, — such a splendor as it will probably never be clothed in again, for the life of public buildings is limited. Over the ancient porch, with its well-worn steps, the word "Welcome " shone out in letters of brilliant light. Thirty feet or more above, the figures on the city seal were framed in other lamps. On one side of the porch, on an oval shield, was the date of the city's incorporation, " 1654," and on the other side, in the same fashion, the anniversary year, "1904." Close festoons of light interlaced the front, in the middle and on the sides, and high overhead, against the darkened night sky, gleamed curving lines of various colored lamps, extending from the edge of the roof and the quaint old turrets to the top of the flagstaff. One of the most popular features of the illumination was the light ing of the little court house fountain. This simple spout of water was transformed into a kaleidoscopic display of light and color, which greatly captivated the eye. An upright pole, rising from the pile of lettered stones furnished by the towns of the county, supported wires extending to the edge of the basin, and from these wires were suspended, at short distances, red, green and white globes. Then the water, thrown from the urn, with all available force, fell in heavy showers of prismatic light, and seemed to sink, in a pool of dazzling brilliancy, and to counterfeit, in a way, a shower of the richest gems of earth and meteors of the sky. Some of the business blocks were illuminated with set designs, and the best display in this line was made by the Northampton Institu tion for Savings. On the front of its building was a geometrical design about six feet high, worked out in lights surrounding a large star, whose center was composed of light green lamps. At the Northampton National Bank front were two brilliant shields, on which appeared respectively the dates "1833" and "1904." The First National Bank offered a fine vantage point for illumination, which was fully availed of by the extension of several lighted streamers, containing about 500 incandes cent lamps. The Smith Charities building, just beyond, was illuminated m the same way. Farther up-town a large bright star marked the corner of the Columbian block, and Rahar's Inn, once the home of the late Capt. Enos Parsons, had an illuminated transparent arch over the entrance to the grounds, announcing that this was "Down Where the Wurzburger flows." NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 101 X L,.' ¦'. ^/.* -.^^p^;,fi'^,v _ Governor Bates, St.^ff .and Ladies at Councilor Irwin's Residence, Crescent St. The illumination of Main street was increased by the introduction of powerful calcium lights from the arcade of the union station and the roof of the First National Bank, and the bright rays from these machines were sent streaming the whole length of the street, with bewildering effect to some of the uninitiated, who seemed much puzzled by the frequent glare. The illumination did not as a rule extend to private residences, until Monday night, and then it was mostljr interior window display. The house occupied by Dr. Sidney A. Clark, on Bridge street, was elab orately illuminated on the outside with electric lamps and attracted much attention. The fountain on the grounds of the Pierpont boarding house, corner of Park and State streets (the old Whitcomb place), was illuminated in a manner somewhat similar to the court-house fountain, and some of the passers-by considered it almost as beautiful as the down-town fountain. SATURDAY NIGHT BEFORE THE CELEBRATION Was spent generally by citizens in viewing the decorations and illumi nations just described, a trial of the latter being made in most cases, and giving an excellent opportunity for the curious to anticipate the complete spectacle of the three following days and nights. No other public entertainment was provided for that evening, except an independent one, at the Warner Meadow golf grounds. There was talk, at one time, of having an historical play in the Academy of Music, as a part of the Celebration program, but this feature was finally abandoned, for lack of time to carry it out. A very pleasing substitute and appropriate introduction to the Celebration, however — whether so intended or not — was the production, by Ben Greet's company of English out-door players, Saturday afternoon and evening, June 4, on the Warner Meadow golf grounds, of Shakespeare's plays, "Much Ado About Nothing" and "Midsummer Night's Dream." These performances were attended, afternoon and evening, by large audiences, and furnished a most delightful prelude to the festivities of the coming week. The night performance terminated, unhappily, in a heavy shower of rain, and increased anxiety as to the weather outlook for the next few days, but this fear was, happily, not justified. "Caritaa, E6ucatio, Justitfa' CHARITY In faith and hope mankind will disagree, But all mankind's concern is charitv. Pope Cast thy bread upon the waters, for thou shalt find it after many days. Bible Charity begins at home, yet should not end there. When your own courtyard thirsts do not pour the water abroad. M. Greek EDUCATION For we should remember that nothing is more natural for people whose education is neglected than to spell Evolution with an initial R. Lowell ' ' Democracy ' ' Make Knowledge circle with the winds, But let her herald. Reverence, fly Before her. Texxyson " Love thou tliy Land ' JUSTICE Justice is the rightful sovereign of the world. Let justice be done, though the heavens fall. Pindar Latin Nothing brings a man more honor than to be invariably just. Ibid 'HE breaking waves dashed high On a stern and rock-bound coast. And the heavy night hung dark The hills and waters o'er. When a band of exiles mooied their bark On the wild New England shore. What soLight they thus afar ? Bright jewels of the mine ? The wealth of seas, the spoil of war ? — They sought a faith's pure shrine ! Ay, call itjholy ground, The soil^where first they trod ; They have left unstained what there they found - Freedom to worship God. Felicia Hemaxs. THE FIRST DAYJS.SUNDAY SERMONS AND SERVICES IN THE CHURCHES "Praise to our God; through all our past Hi.s mighty arm hath held u.s fa.st ; Till wars anti perils, toils and tears, have brought the rich and fruitful years.'' 21 IHew EnglanD SunOaB Over all the town rested the Lord's peace. There was no sound on the village street. Ijook either way — not a vehicle, not a human being. The smoke rose up soberly and quietly, as if it said, — It is Sunday! The leaves on the great elms hung motionless, glittering with dew, as if they, too, like the people who dwelt under their shadow, were waiting for the bell to ring for meeting. Hr-:xRY W.\RD Bf.echeh, in " .Xorwuod." OTHER days of the Celebration dawned not so fair, but on Sun day, June 5, 1904, the sun rose clear over the eastern hills, and found Northampton arrayed like a bride to meet her beloved. The near-by mountains, seared and furrowed by the shock of ages, A'et ever young, seemed to grant a benediction to the scene, as up from the verdant meadows, sparkling and dewy with the fragrance of an early New England summer morning, the city seemed to spring into life and pour forth its people, old and j'oung, upon the streets, to do honor to the exercises of the first da}' of the week and the first day of the Cel ebration. Yet over all brooded the quiet of the Sabbath of the fathers, and the early settlers, could they have looked upon the scene, would have been gratified indeed, doubtless, to see the unanimity with which most of the inhabitants wended their way to the churches, in reverent manner and with thankful hearts. Northampton churches were probably never before so crowded. In every congregation something was done to honor the occasion, not only in the sermons, but in the music, and generally during the Sunday school hours. Each church found plenty of honor within its own walls, but many outside of all congregations were attracted to the First (' ' Old ' ') Church, because of its older history and the consequent prestige attached to its service this day. In the limited number of pages allotted to this work, it has been found impossible to report sermons in full, although it was at first hoped to do so. As near as possible the reports have been gauged to the importance of the several churches, and yet it was found impossible to make a fast rule in this case even. One of the most interesting discourses, from an historical point of view, was 106 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION the sermon of the pastor of the Baptist Church, treating upon the famous half-way covenant of the old-time churches, but this matter was also referred to in the Sermon preached at the First Church, and is a matter of quite familiar local history. The discourse at St. Mary's Church is also of interest, because of its recital of a tragical bit of old local history, concerning the Irish lads Halligan and Daley, and the fact that the preacher's statement of the innocence of the accused was disputed in the local press within a day or two after he made it ; but the facts were correctly stated by the preacher at St. Mary's Church. In nearly all the churches an appropriate musical program was rendered, and at the First Church and others some of the music written by the old First Church organist. Prof. George Kingsley, was given, the "Old" Church also noting the occasion with a complete historical musical service, under the direction of Organist and Director Ralph L. Baldwin. The one great poem of New England is her Sunday. Through that she has escaped materialism. That has been a crystal dome overhead, through which Imagination has been kept alive. New England's imagination is to be found — not in art or literature, but in her inventions, her social organism, and, above all, in her religious life. The Sabbath has been the nurse of that. When she ceases to have a Sunday, she will be as this landscape is — now growing dark, all its lines blurred, its distances and gradations fast merging into sheeted darkness and night. A Sunday Night Reflection in " Norwood." FIRST CHURCH AND SUNDAY SCHOOL THE First ("Old") Church was crowded at the morning service far beyond the limits of its usual congregation, as the oldest church and the pastoral home of the great theologian, Jona than Edwards, naturally would be, upon such an occasion, and the musical service, given upon a subsequent page, was listened to with no less profound attention than the graphic historical discourse of the pastor. Rev. Dr. Henry T. Rose took for his subject, "Religious Beginnings in Northampton." His text was from Psalm 44 : 3 — "For they got not the land possession by their own sword; neither did their own arm save them ; but thy right hand and thine arm, and the light of thy countenance, be cause thou hadst a favor unto them." It was a great day in Northampton on which its first church was formed. At the same meeting the church was organized and the first minister ordained. And because of the importance of the occasion and the brev ity and fitness of the report of it, I will read you the record as it stands in our most prec ious and ancient book of church records. "The church was gathered at North ampton June i8th, 1661. The persons that begun that work were in number eight, viz: Mr. Eleazar Mather, David Wilton, William Clarke, John Strong, Henry Cunliffe, Hervey Woodward, Thomas Roote, Thomas Hanchett. Messengers that were present from four churches: — ]\Ir. Pelatiah Glover, Deacon Clapp, Thomas Tilstone from the Church of Christ at Dorchester; Air. John Eliot, Sen., Goodman AVilliams from the Church of Christ at Roxbury; Capt. John Pynchon, Deacon Chapin from the church at Springfield; Mr. John Russel the pastor, Mr. Goodwin, Goodman White from the Church of Christ at Hadleigh. And the same day, after they had entered into covenant, they chose Mr. Eleazar Mather to the office of a pastor, which they had concluded to do before, and desired Rev. Mr. Eliot and Rev. Mr. Russel to ordain him, which accordingly was done. " Here are two or three names of special interest to us. John Pyn chon and Dea. Samuel Chapin from the First Church in Springfield, together with Elizur Holyoke, deserve a place among the founders of this town. These are the men, though never settled here, whose en dorsement upon the petition of the first adventurers commended their enterprise to the favor of the General Court. AVe have, therefore, a Rev. Henrv T. Rose, D.D. 108 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION certain interest in Springfield's traditions and in her noble statues commemorating her founders. Another member of that group which recognized the new church was John Eliot, Senior, pastor of the church at Roxbury, the famous missionary to the Indians and maker of the Indian Bible. The other minister who took part in the ordination was Mr. Russel of Hadley, in whose house were sheltered two of the judges who passed sentence on King Charles I of England. It will not be inferred from the late formation of the church that the people had but then awakened to the importance of religion. On the contrary, these were the kind of men for whom religion is the breath of life. They were courageous souls, in a manner sifted out and chosen from a greater number. Of the forty-five whose names were attached to the original petition and covenant, only fourteen became actual settlers, nor were all these here from the outset. It was an easy thing to enlist, but in view of the perils of the real adventure the hearts of many failed them. There were twenty families to begin the plantation. They needed all their courage. Theirs was a hamlet on the frontier. Except to the south their nearest neighbors were eighty miles away. There were no roads. The river was the highway. And when this was low they fol lowed bridle paths or cart tracks through the woods. The place itself was very fair ; the hills encompassed them, but their isolation was com plete. Life was tolerable enough in summer time, but the earliest winters must have been bitter indeed. Their greatest danger was from the Indians. These for twenty years were friendly, but after that, for three- quarters of a century, the townsmen lived in apprehension. They erected frail barricades of wood against their foes, but their best de fence was the stoutness of their hearts. From fifty to a hundred of them in all, men, women, and children, were slain by the savages. The first recorded birth in the new settlement is of a child, who was killed twenty years after in the attack on Northfield. Thirty years after that Eunice Mather, daughter of the first minister, and wife of Rev. John Williams, a captive in the hands of the Indians, was slain on the way to Canada. These were times when the farmers took their guns to the meadows. The town had a garrison in it; there were famous Indian fighters. The people here were always proud of warlike men. The committee appointed to build the third meeting-house was composed of seven men, of whom five bore military titles. Still the life of the colonists had its compen sations. It was rude and narrow, but they had known no other sort. It was a life of liberty at least, free from convention and tyranny, with possibilities in it, and abundance of room. It was all new. The enter prise was of the sort to appeal to youthful hearts, and I suppose most of the settlers were young men. We shall never know how many of them were born in England, but it is more likely that many of them knew the mother country only through hearing it talked about around the fire. They do not seem to have been men of culture, or to have brought NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 109 university degrees with them. The immigration had practically ceased some years before they came, and it is probable that more than half of the company had been born in America. Another fact indicates that they were of the younger age. During the first seven years, only eleven deaths were recorded. This is very different from the story of Plymouth, when in the first winter one -half the Alayfiower company were laid at rest in the frozen ground. Their common passion and strongest motive was religion. It is very true that their errand was not a crusade or mission. They did not pretend that they were here to found in the woods an outpost of the city of God. They were men of common sense, with a sure business instinct. This appears in their first petition to the General Court "for liberty to plant, possess and inhabit Nonotuck." They "hope that corn and cattle may be raised here, beside the propagation of the Gospel, and a comfortable subsistence may enable people to wait upon God in his holy ordinances without distractions." But under these phrases, mixed of piety and shrewdness, it is not hard to detect an accent of sincerity. The worldly aim was subordi nated to the needs of religion. They practiced life in a reverent temper. Faith was the strongest factor in their characters, sustaining them with a glorious exhilaration and confidence. It brought an element of idealism into their lives, which had been sordid and narrow enough without it. The practical nature of their religion appears in one of their first public acts. Before the year was out, they had begun the erection of a meeting house. This fabric, "of sawen timber, with a chimney, a thatched roof two windows and a single door," was not of imposing dimensions, but it was without doubt the best building in the village. It was not designed expressly for religious worship, for the first freemen had not thought that their town meetings were purely secular occasions. Not until the fourth house of worship was built was any church here dedicated to the worship of God by special ceremonies. This was the oldest meeting house save one in Western Massachusetts. It was very soon outgrown, though it answered the needs of the people during the first brief pastor ate. It is not known who conducted the public services during the first year or two. The order of service was very simple. Between prayer and sermon a Psalm was sung; unless an elder or assistant was present no Scripture waS read. There was no bell in the first meeting house, and the people were assembled at the call of the trumpet. The small number of Christian men associated in the church must not lead us to conclude that their act was of no importance in the eves of the community. The method followed here was one in vogue in many places. A few prominent men were chosen as a center of organi zation. These, known as the pillars of the church, made a covenant with each other, were recognized by council and then by vote admitted others to fellowship, and so the church was gathered. Of the seven founders not all were among the original settler.s. Three came from no QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Dorchester, with the new minister, by letters commissioned "to join with others for the gathering of a church in Northampton." They were men of influence and good estate. Some of the seven, if not all, were born in England. Three of them bore names that are not now repre sented in our city directory. A covenant was adopted and signed at this meeting by the original seven and others, until seventy-one had signed. It were good to know who devised and wrote this covenant, for a sweeter and more spiritual form of words of this order the past has not left us. The names under written represent much history and romance, and revered and dear family traditions in this and many another place go straight back to them. They are good English names, two for each person and no more. As nearly as possible one-half are the names of women, quaint and simple and old-fashioned enough, and, it might be guessed, less piously chosen than in after generations. In the seven years, between the founding of the town and the organization of the church, the original company of twenty families had grown to a community of about three hundred. So many of them were children whose names were not affixed to the covenant, though they were considered merabers in a way, that it appears the church might have comprised almost the entire adult population. Among the names preserved with the covenant, without marks to distinguish it from the rest, is that of Eleazar Mather, the first minister. He was the son of Richard Mather of Dorchester, and brother of Increase, greatest of the name, and uncle of Cotton Mather. He was born in Dorchester in 1637. Was graduated at Harvard when he was nineteen, and at twenty-one years of age came here to preach. He died after eleven years of service at the age of thirty-two. His work here was mainly local. He was a diligent and earnest man, and with all it seems prudent and sagacious, for he left a not inconsiderable property. His nephew Cotton said of him, "As he was a very zealous preacher, and accordingly saw many seals of his ministry, so he was a very pious worker, and remarkably ripe for heaven." After the death of Eleazar Mather the church lost no time in filling the vacant office. The second pastor was Solomon Stoddard. Fol lowing the custom he preached by way of trial, but hardly, one would think, for so long a time as intervened before his ordination, which took place in 1672. The parish had made liberal provision for his support, voted money for his house and given him title to land in the meadows, for the minister at that time, like every other man, was a farmer. The ceremonies at his installation are recorded in the church book in his own handwriting. He was a prolific writer, an eager controversialist, publishing pamphlets and sermons in the manner of the day. Yet he was a man of reserve and modesty, of quiet and dignified manners and sincere piety. He was not a great philosopher, like his grandson, Mr. Edwards, and his interest in theological problems was rather practical NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 111 than speculative. He was a man of great sagacity, wise in counsel, considerate of the ethical aspects of religious doctrines. He discussed questions of personal conduct such as these : ' ' What right doth belong to the Sabbath?" "At what time of the evening doth the Sabbath begin?" "Did we any wrong to the Indians in buying their land at a small price? " "Is it lawful for men to set their dwelling houses at such a distance from the place of public worship that they and their families cannot attend it? " " Is it lawful to wear long hair? " In their times these questions were of importance, with religious bearings. But Stoddard's fame does not rest on these discussions. His name is forever associated with the fierce debate which stirred the churches concerning sacramental questions. Mr. Stoddard advocated what came to be the prevailing custom in nearly all the churches in these parts on the half-way covenant question, though oddly enough he took a view opposed both by his predecessor and successor here. When he came, the church had already adopted"the more liberal view of the sacred ordinance, which its first pastor had opposed. The action was deferred for a time, perhaps in deference to Mr. Mather's wishes, but toward the end of his life it was adopted, whether to his grief or not we are not told. After Mr. Stoddard was installed the church voted "That from year to year such as grow up to adult age in the church shall present themselves to the elders, and if they seem to understand and assent unto the doctrine of faith, not to be scandalous in life and willing to submit themselves to the government of Christ in this church, shall publicly own the covenant and be acknowledged members of the church." There follows a form of words to be used in the admission of members into a state of education, and another form to be used at the admission of members into full communion. Mr. Stoddard published views which drew to him great attention and a degree of opposition. He described the Lord's Supper as a regenerating ordinance. And it was his practice to admit baptized persons to communion without requiring evidence that they were changed in heart, or subject to any operation of divine grace. But we are not to conclude from this usage that Mr. Stoddard was a man to encourage dangerous liberalities. His idea was to transfer the decisive moment and experience from before until after partaking of the solemn rite. He believed as strongly as any of the brethren in regeneration and thought the sacrament a practical means of grace to secure it. And it is incredible that there should be truth in the report that he himself fixed his conversion at a time long after his ministry began and attributed it to a communion season, and a manifest answer to the prayers of his wife and the holy women of the congregation. As Mr. Stoddard's long and memorable pastorate drew to a close, he was greatly cheered and strengthened by the election on the part of the church of his grandson, Jonathan Edwards, as his colleague and successor. He died in 1730, and a great mourning was made for him. A leading minister said in a sermon, "For some years the most aged 112 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION minister in the province, a Peter here among the disciples and ministers of our Lord Jesus, very much our primate and a prince among us." Edwards called him a "very great man, of strong powers of mind, of great grace and a great authority, of a masterly countenance, speech and behavior." "The officers and leaders of Northampton imitated his manners and thought it an excellency to be like him." The Indians called him "the Englishman's God." He was a broad and generous man, holding the dark and rigid principles of the faith in an intellectual assent tempered with mercy. A gentler spirit than some of his asso ciates in that time, he was revered and loved and accepted as of un questioned authority. The account of his funeral is printed in the Boston News Letter of Thursday, Feb. 20, 1729, in a letter from North- arhpton, written on the 13th. "His labors and usefulness," it says, "were drawn out to an uncommon length. Till his 86th year he was a constant preacher some part of the Lord's day and at a monthly lecture without the use of notes at all . . and it could not be discerned that his powers were much abated." "He used for many years together to make his annual visit to Boston at the time of the Commencement, and the day after to preach the public lecture to a numerous audience, expecting and glad to hear him." "His station was indeed in a remote corner of the land, but his light and influence went out throughout the whole country, and his being our pastor gave a name and reputation to the town." In the church book, the last entry in Mr. Stoddard's handwriting, though somewhat uncertain with age, records the ordination of Jonathan Edwards as pastor of the church of Northampton. It is hard to believe that all this history falls within the compass of one lifetime. All these events took place during the life of Esther, daughter of John Warham, a Puritan minister of Exeter in England, who came with a church organized at Plymouth before sailing first to Dorchester and then to Windsor, Conn. There this child Esther was born, and when she was fifteen married to Eleazar Mather, Sept. 29, 1659. A widow of twenty-six years, with three children, she was mar ried in 1670 to Solomon Stoddard, and shared his work and fortune during his long ministry here and outlived him by the space of seven years, dying at the age of 92. In her time the sphere of woman was very much restricted. There were no clubs, no social or charitable organizations; no woman held any office in the church, taught in the Sunday school or went on missions. Little is known of her life, but that little proves that she did not quarrel with the Puritan ideal of woman hood. She was a true wife, a mother of many children, dignified in her household, immortalized by her spinning, given to devotion, firm in government and tried by many sorrows. A letter is kept of hers, which renews our sense of the peril of life in her rude community. One of her sons had died ; a daughter had just been killed by the Indians at Deerfield ; and another son captured by the enemy had died at "Brest in France NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 113 while waiting to be transported into England." "I had not done mourn ing for the former but God hath added grief to my sorrow. Therefore we need to be ready seeing we know not when our Lord will come." She bids her child farewell, subscribing herself, "Your sorrowful mother," but adds a postscript concerned with household details. So between their homes, with the crowding humble cares, and their church, with its strong doctrine and high inspirations, these lowly and pure and glorious lives were bounded. A nobler generation than this there has not been upon the earth, nor one of whom it is better fortune to be born. The limit of our time is reached and here I must make an end. We have reviewed the story of the beginnings of this town in the period of the first two pastorates of this church. On several occasions of late there has been opportunity to speak here of the career and influence and fame of Jonathan Edwards, third minister of Northampton. The historical musical service, conducted by Ralph L. Baldwin, was as follows : Prelude: Themes from "Meistersingers," R. Wagner, i8ij-i8qj Anthem: "O Clap Your Hands," Sir John Staincr, 1840-1Q01 Gloria Patri: Sth Gregorian Tone. Anthem: "The New Jerusalem," Jeremiah Ingalls Hymn No. 497, Northfield, Jeremiah I-ngalls, 1805 Anthem: "AveVerum," iWozari, 1756-1791 Hymn No. 582, Tappan, George Kingsley, organist in this church, 1857-1865. Hymn No. 948, "MiUtant." J. Barnby, 1868 "Seven-fold Amen." Stainer Postlude: "St Ann's Fugue," Bach, i68j-i?jo Zbc Sun&aB Scbool According to an invitation extended, nearly all the morning's con gregation remained for the Sunday-school session. Superintenden- Robert F. Armstrong presided. He called upon the Rev. Gerald Stanley Lee for Scripture reading and prayer, and then introduced Gov. John L. Bates, who spoke as follows: I am pleased, Mr. Superintendent, to see the American and English flags draped over this pulpit, and I am glad to have the pleasure to stand here and extend a welcome to Old England from this city of Northampton in New England, on this interesting occasion. We have quarreled with the mother country some, but we have always maintained the warmest love and regard for her, and the depth of our love was never deeper than it is today, when we see the two countries advance side by side, carrying the world forward in the civilization founded by Chris tianity. It is a pleasure, Mr. Superintendent, to stand looking at the 114 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION faces of these children. I do not know what I can say to them. I do not think that they need any talking to. To me they look about right, and it is my hope and belief that the future of Northampton is certainly assured when I look into the faces of these men and women of thirty to forty years from now. I suppose that the city is not celebrating because of the area of it, nor because of its beautiful location, nor because of its public buildings or its various enterprises. There is something back of all that. It is not because it has existed 250 years, although that is an achievement for a city. It is because of its influence. Because it has stood for something these 250 years. Because it has a character which it may be difficult to define, but which it is not difficult to admire and respect — a character which is admired and known wherever the city is known. It stands forth in our mind as a real monument and a monu ment that has been erected by the people who have gone before those of this generation in this city. It is a pleasure to know, Mr. Superintend ent, that the people of Northampton, in the beginning of this Celebra tion, recognize that in the founding of their country, as has been told us in the well-chosen words of your pastor this morning, the church was commenced with the beginning of the settlement, and that the church and the town hall were one, for in those early days the town meetings were held for no other purpose, except that the church might be main tained. We have recently observed Memorial Day and considered some of the results of the war. We have been surprised as we have heard orators tell what the nation has accomplished. We feel almost as if there was nothing within the possession of the human intellect that could not be accomplished by the American people. As we realize what progress has been made since the city was founded, 250 years ago, we fear not the problems of the future, because we have had to overcome worse problems in the past. These problems do not disturb us, but the problems we have with us are the old problems of our fathers, and which they temporarily solved when they came to this land. They are the old problems that the Sunday school is helping in the solution of, and they are problems of character. It is a double pleasure for me to come here today, to extend to you greetings on this occasion, believ ing that your work is not only helping men and women as individuals, but making it certain that this government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Hon. Samuel S. Campion of Northampton, England, was the last speaker to the Sunday school. He said: Boys and girls — or shall I say brothers and sisters — I am from Northampton, England, and am standing on the sacred soil of New England. I am sure that no person sang with more earnestness than I the hymn this morning. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 115 "O God, beneath Thy guiding hand. Our exiled fathers crossed the sea." Those brave old Puritans and Pilgrims were your fathers and my fathers. I come from Northampton, England, to greet you, boys and girls, and you children of an older growth, on this auspicious anniver sary, and it is with peculiar pleasure that I find mvself addressing a Sunday-school gathering in the city of Northampton, Mass. First, let me say how warmly I appreciate the kind words which the Governor has said in regard to my coming here. It is most gratifying to find a gentleman occupying his high position addressing a Sunday-school gath ering on the high ideals of citizenship. To quote the words of one of our own poets, William Cowper, who was associated with old North ampton — "Such men are bom to station and command. When Providence means mercj- to a land." The Governor has referred to the differences which have arisen at various times between Great Britain and the United States. After all, they have been family quarrels, and have not interfered with the real family affection between us. I may apply to them the words of the Earl of Surrey, one of our early English writers — "The falling out of faithful friends Renewing is of love " I come to bring the greetings of the Sunday-school children and workers of old Northampton to the Sunday-school children and workers of this old city in the new Continent. In the old town we have upwards of 16,000 Sunday-school children of all denominations, with a population of 90,000. And I know they feel the greatest interest in your Celebra tion, and wish you all the greatest happiness and the highest success in your school work. It is a great happiness to know that you and they revere the same Book, are devoted to the same faith, own the same Lord, and recognize each other as the children of one common Father. Every Sunday you may think of us as singing similar hymns, often exactly the same hymns, reading and studying the same lessons, from the one great Book, in the same tongue and in the same spirit. We belong to the one great army of God's children, everywhere learning to follow out the teaching of the one Great Teacher, Jesus Christ. As I sat here during the service and looked through your hymn book, I found, as I expected to find, many of the familiar hymns we are accustomed to sing on the other side. There are hymns by William Cowper, to whom I have already referred, by the Rev. John Newton, curate of Olney — and the friend of Cowper, — by Philip Doddridge, who was a Congrega tional minister at Old Northampton — hymn writer, preacher and theo logian, — by Isaac Watts, and many others. Isaac Watts, some of you may remember, was on one occasion rallied by a Mrs. Rowe on the smallness of his stature. He replied — 116 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION "Could I in stature reach the Pole, Or grasp the ocean in my span, I'd still be measured by my soul, The mind's the standard of the man." You in the new country have been doing much to teach us of the old country and of the old world that the standard of excellence is not to be found in titles or position or wealth, but in personal worth, capacity and moral achievement — that true greatness is to be found in character in the degree to which we carry out the will of God, and that it is right eousness which exalts a nation. I am a subject of the King of England, and am, therefore, what you would call a Royalist. You are all subjects of the President of the United States, and are Republicans. We on our side think that our country is a true Republic, with a King as a sort of permanent President. But whatever be the form of government, we are all — whether on this side of the Atlantic or the other — Royalists, subjects of the King of Kings, and citizens of the Kingdom of Heaven — "One is your Father and all ye are brethren." There is another reason which links your Celebration with the old town of Northampton, in England, and which makes it fitting that I should bring you greetings from the Sunday schools of Northampton. I am the editor of a very old newspaper, printed and published at North ampton, England. It is called The Northampton Mercury. We believe it to be the oldest newspaper in Europe, and, therefore, much older than any newspaper in America. It was first published on May 2nd, 1720, and its founders were Robert Raikes and William Dicey. Now Robert Raikes afterwards went to Gloucester, also in Old England, and started a newspaper there. His son was Robert Raikes, who founded Sunday schools in the old country about one hundred and twenty years ago. In a sense, therefore, you see the Sunday-school movement may be said to have sprung from Northampton through Robert Raikes. You will understand how appropriate it is, therefore, I should bring to your Sunday schools here the affectionate greetings and good wishes of the Sunday schools of my old city. Still another link connects us which I should like to mention, and which makes it especially fitting that I, as representing Old Northamp ton, should come to you. The ancestors of George Washington, the father of your country, lived in Northampton and its immediate dis trict. Some of them lie buried in the church of Great Brington, six miles from Northampton — in the same church where also repose the remains of Earl Spencer's great ancestors, with whom the Washingtons intermarried. In the graveyard of that same church my father and mother lie buried. So that, from the personal point of view, I am proud to associate myself with the ancestors of George Washington. I come to you, if I may so put it, fresh from the sacred associations which ally our country with yours. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 117 One other circumstance I permit myself to mention, is of a purely personal character. It struck me with a sense of pleased surprise that the name of your pastor is the Rev. Henry Rose. My father, although a Nonconformist minister, found in the Rev. Henry Rose, at one time Rector of Great Brington — the Washington Church — a dear personal friend; and it was the Rev. Henry Rose who consigned his remains to the tomb in Great Brington churchyard. It is a coincidence not without interest, I think, in these celebrations, showing how direct and personal are the ties which bind not only Old Northampton in England to North ampton in Massachusetts, but the old country across the seas to yours. I greet you, then, in the name of our Sunday schools across the sea. I know that today at a Sunday school of three hundred children, in the Old Northampton, where I am superintendent, they will be thinking of me as I am thinking of them. They will be wondering how I am get ting on, in the far distance I have gone from the old home. But I know that their prayers and good wishes will be for 3'ou and yours. They will hope and pray that you and they together ma}- glory in belonging to the same kingdom, in living under the providence of the same God, in enjoying the salvation of the same Saviour. They will trust and pray that the ties which bind our peoples may be multiplied and strengthened as the years go by; that the peoples of the Anglo- Saxon race may be one in their desires and efforts to advance the Master's kingdom on earth. The Rev. Henry Rose remarked that he did not know his ancestry in the old country had ever included in their number any one so respect able as a Rector of the Established Church. At the invitation of Mr. Armstrong, the superintendent, the whole of the scholars and congregation arose in support of a proposal to send to the Sunday schools of Northampton hearty greetings on the occasion of this Celebration, in response to the greetings conveyed by Mr. Campion. ST. JOHN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH THE rector of St. John's Church, Rev. Lyman P. Powell, took for his subject, "Our Obligations to the Past," and the text, "Other men have labored, and ye are entered into their labors." — John 4: 38. He said in part: In the lexicon of life there is no such word as chance. Nothing happens without cause. Today is rooted in the past. This truth we ought today to realize with all its force. God and man alike have labored here to our delight and profit. Natural beauties and natural advantages are the background of man's efforts here, and man has made the most of them. To thrift and enterprise and all the other virtues of the typical New Eng land town our forbears have added gener osity. No town of its size in all New England has perhaps received so many benefactions at the hands of citizens or near-by neighbors. So it has been from the day of Major Haw- bv's generosity to schools to these later days of Smith College and the Forbes Library and St. John's Church, the gift of one not resident of Northampton, but still mindful of the rock whence he was hewn. Men who have had no silver and no gold to give have given more, themselves; and from Bloody Brook to Santiago you will find the record of their more than generous generosity. Preachers we have had who have bestowed on us the gift of fame, and that is always precious. To call the roll of lawyers who have lent the town its dig nity and wisdom is to name most of the leading families for many a generation. Our physicians are today as expert as the town ever had. Better work is turned out now perhaps by our literary folk than ever before. But best of all, from first to last, the town has had more than its need of average folk above the average in character, whose contri bution to the making of the best in all our past is as incalculable in the sight of man as it is inestimable to the One who knows the secrets of all hearts. And today we meditate upon their labors quite as much as on the labors of our great and more conspicuous. Others have labored and we are all the better for their labors, and thereby hangs a duty, the duty of appreciation — appreciation of the living who are trying quietly and earnestly, all around us, to live up to the standards set by our forefathers. Again there is the duty to prove our right to reap the harvest which the dead have sown, by living as they did at their best, to the spirit, not to the flesh; hving with a passion for Rev. Lyman P. Powell NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 119 reality which ill brooks the vulgarity of those who have no more to contribute to the town than money and which hales to the bar of common sense the sillv affectations and pretentious conventionalities of any who would turn this good old town into a glittering cross section of New York or Paris. And then at last there is the duty to add to our benefactions and to strengthen them in every way we can. Smith College ought to have flve times the endowment it now has. Our great Forbes Librarv needs much more money for administrative purposes. The Dickinson Hospital ought to have a far more liberal allowance from the town. And our church, St. John's, will find in its endowment a ban and not a blessing unless we one and all contribute to its support as freely as though it were not liberally endowed. What the future of Northampton is to be no one knows, and 3'et we dare to hope, we have good reason to expect, that when our children and our children's children celebrate the town's 300th anniversarv thrift and industr}^ will be circumscribed by love and liberality, and culture still will shine as it shines now through the transparent medium of Christian character. The musical program of the morning was as follows : Organ Prelude: Slow Movement from 5th Sonata, Giiilinant Processioxal Hymn 176: "For all the Saints who from Their Labors Rest," Barnlyy Gloria Tibi, '[]'agjier Hymx 496: "Lord of Our Life and God of Our Salvation," Barnby Offertory Axthem: "O Lord, Thou Art My God," C. C. Cliasc Saxctus, Staincr Communion Hymx 225. "Bread of the AVorld," Hodges Gloria ix Excelsis, Chant 205, Zeiine Recessional Hymx, "O God, Our Help in Ages Past," Croft Organ Postlude, Processional March, Marcus H. Carroll BAPTIST CHURCH REA/'. John C. Breaker of the Baptist Church spoke on the topic, "Northampton as a Center of Religious Influence." Text, Psalm 143: 5, "I remember the days of old." Mr. Breaker said in part : In entering upon the celebra tion of the Quarter Millennial anniversary of the settlement of this town it is eminently fitting that attention should be centered first of all upon religion. Whatever reputation Northampton may have gained through its industrial and edu cational institutions; however far spread its fame today as an educational center; its chief claim to distinction rests upon the fact that infiuences have gone forth from this town affecting the theological thinking and the ecclesiastical practices not only of New England and the United States, but of the entire English-speaking religious world. When the Pilgrims came to the shores of the new continent they brought with them certain ecclesiastical customs and practices which they set in operation. Among these, that one of the qualifica tions to be required of a voter should be membership in the church and participa tion in the ordinance of the Lord's Supper. It has sometimes been said that this practice was peculiar to the churches of New England; and the Pilgrims and the Puritans have been called "bigots" in consequence. The custom was not peculiar to New England, however; it was common to the other colonies and to the lands across the sea. The churches of New England received as members those only who could give a credible evidence of conversion. This put the voting power into the hands of those men only who were by experience, as well as by pro fession. Christians. At the time of the settlement of this town, in 1654, there had arisen a warm discussion in the churches of New England about the qualifications for church membership. This discussion culminated in what has been known as the " Half -Way Covenant." This covenant provided that all persons who had been baptized in infancy, who under stood the covenant, and who were not guilty of any crime a court would judge scandalous, should be received to church membership, and enjoy all the privileges thereof, except the Lord's Supper. This half-way covenant had been received by a vast majority of the churches in New England when in 1672 Rev. Solomon Stoddard became pastor of the Rev. John C. Bt!EAKi;r NORTHAMPTON. MASSACHUSETTS 121 church here in Northampton. Mr. Stoddard not only accepted the half-way covenant, but insisted that the Lord's Supper should be given to all the members of the church. In the controversy which followed he advanced the theory that the Lord's Supper is a converting ordinance, and should be given to all. While these views were combated by the ministers in the eastern part of Massachusetts, such was the prominence and infiuence of the Northampton minister that his views were widely accepted in Connecticut and Western Massachusetts. From this town there went forth those influences, between 1672 and 1729, which undermined church discipline, removed all barriers between the church and the world, and opened the way for uncon verted men into the Christian ministry. Notwithstanding his peculiar views and their promulgation, Mr. Stoddard was an earnest Christian man and minister, and was used of God to bless the people of his parish. With the decay of piety there came a laxity in doctrine. The Pil grims and the Puritans were Calvinists of the old type. They had accepted the interpretation of divine truth given to the world by Cal vin of Geneva and Knox of Scotland. Divine sovereignty and the divine decrees were for them the Alpha and Omega of faith. During the ministry of Mr. Stoddard in this town the position of the Calvinists was being assailed both in England and the colonies. The controversy was becoming quite sharp, when, in 1727, Jonathan Edwards came to be the colleague of his grandfather in the pastorate of the church in Northampton. The defenders of Calvinism in Eng land were Watts and Doddridge. Neither of them proved equal to the task, and it seemed as if Calvinism would be swept from the field. Then it was that Jonathan Edwards changed the character of the con troversy by assailing the position of the opponents of Calvinism. His two great productions, "Original Sin," and "The Freedom of the Human Will," in the judgment of those competent to express an opin ion, remain unanswered to this day. Edwards maintained, against the assailants of Calvinism, that man manifests an inclination to evil; this he called moral inability. Against the older Calvinists he main tained that man has reason to discern the good, affection to love it, and will to perform it ; this he called man's natural ability. Out of this view springs the teaching that has become so common, that men may become Christians if they will. This underlies the burden of the preacher's message throughout the English-speaking world today. The truths formulated here in Northampton and unfolded by Pres ident Edwards the younger, by Timothy Dwight and others, constitute what has come to be regarded as a modified Calvinism. The writings of Edwards were widely read in England. They fell into the hands of Andrew Fuller, who recognized their original and pro found thought, and their reverence for the Word of God. His own theology was moulded by them. And Fuller's theology supplanted all others in the Baptist schools on both sides of the Atlantic. It gave 122 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION new life to the churches, awakened a profound enthusiasm for mission ary endeavor, and imparted a marvelous impulse to Baptist principles, which during the last seventy-five years have made such great progress, bringing the denomination to the front rank as an evangelistic and missionary body; and Fuller's theology resulted from a study of Jon athan Edwards' works and his Bible. The musical selections for the service follow : Prelude: " Largo Cantabile,'' Anthem: "Jerusalem, My Glorious Home." Anthem: "Sherburne." Offertory: " Stille Gluck," Postlude: " Fanfare Joyeuse," Haydn Weissenborn Clarke SECOND CONGREGATIONAL [UNITARIAN) CHURCH Sk 3k J^ REV. Frederick H. Kent, the pastor, spoke as follows: "All that has happened among mankind has arisen from the mutual play of the forces within them and the forces around them. The drama of the ages has had this world for its stage, and our race for its actors, and could not have remained the same if either had been different." If, in this statement of Dr. ^lartineau's, we substitute, for the world, this beautiful and fertile valley, and for the race that tiny fragment of humanity which has constituted this community, we have in it the clue to the significance of this anniversary. Today sums up the result of two hundred and fifty years of such interaction, and, examining some of the infiuences which have stimulated and directed the efforts of our predecessois through those years, we may discover something of the divine method of moulding human character. The ph^'sical environment of this com munity has had- some clearly marked effects upon its character. Through its rare natural beauty the softer influence of nature has alwavs worked silently, touch ing the harsher realities of life and the sterner dogmas of religion with a more genial and diviner light. Its natural fertility has kept at a distance the extremes of poverty and misery. But there are more specific and peculiar conditions. The early records of the town abound in references to "home-lots." The term indicates that the homes ofthe settlers were separated from the scenes of their daily labor. Their farms were in the meadows which sweep in a huge half-circle about the central hill, where the dwelling places were gathered in a compact group. The contour of the region made it possible for the men to go to and from the fields daily without excessive loss of time, while morning and night found them in close and familiar association with each other. At first this was valued for its simplification of the problem of defence. But it had a more subtle and lasting influence, for it prevented the deadening effect of individual isolation from touching the lives of these men and women. There was constant interchange of opinion, clashing of wills, measuring of wit and power and persistence. Under such conditions men developed that intense personality which is the secret of human progress. Doubt less there was rancor, and some bitter animosities. But these were Rev. Frederick H. Kent 124 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION balanced by growing self-control and respect for sober public opinion, the necessary complement of vigorous individuality in social life. And through these there came in time a high degree of concerted, as well as individual, efficiency, of which the fruits are all about us. Another circumstance co-operated with this for the personal and social development of the people. The community was separated from others by the difficulties of travel. The route which connected it with its natural point of contact with the older civilization, ran trans versely to the natural highways. It was nearly one hundred and fifty yearg after the settlement before a regular weekly stage to Boston was established. In consequence of these conditions, the influence of the outer world was limited and intermittent. The people were thrown upon their own resources for the supply of intellectual needs. They were equal to the test, and there grew up here a culture, necessarily somewhat provincial in some of its details, yet of as fine a quality and vigorous life as any which was brought to it from without. Their isolation proved a stimulus to the development of that spontaneous culture which is alone genuine and lasting. Thus the local conditions and the relation of the place to the larger world tended to promote a society infused with strong individuality, self-rehance, and mutual helpfulness, with all the strength and weakness which result from the close contact of men with men. It is needless to say that such conditions might have produced a very different result with different men. The weak and inefficient might well have grown weaker in such an environment. That there was power of brain and will in these men is well known to you all. I shall make no personal reference in alluding to its signs, but seek in the corporate acts of the citizens some indications of their inherent traits. That they should have been able to maintain an undivided religious organization for 170 years, during a time when religious controversy was rife, is signiflcant. Yet, though the outward bond was unbroken until this society was organized in 1825, the unity of the spirit was often marred, and it may be doubted whether the formal unity, which chafed so harshly sometimes, was as conducive to genuine Christian brotherhood as the frankly recognized and respected differences of the present day. In 1662 the town voted six pounds as salary to the first school master, on condition that he should teach school at least six months in the year. It is a far cry from this modest sum to the present annual expenditure of the city for the education of its children — a contrast hardly less marked than that between the numerous and well-equipped buildings, of which this room* is the nucleus, and that first building "of sawen timber, 26 foot long, 18 foot wide, and 9 foot high from the lower part of the cell to the upper part of the raisens," which served as *This sermon was preached in the Assembly Hall of the High School, which was occupied as a place of worship by the Unitarian Society during the re-building of its church, the corner stone of which was laid during the celebration of the 250th anniversary. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 125 the first school-house, church and town-house. Yet there is the seed from which all this grew. Another quaint record reveals a struggle between the instincts of humanity and the fear that the town might be burdened with the support of alien paupers. Concerning one Patrick, who was sick, the record declares, "Wee agree that those who brought him into the town be called in question about bringing him in, but also, wee order that he should have some bedclothes and doe intreat Mrs. AAalliams to entertain him during his sickness, at the expense of the town." This is probably the first instance in which the friendly assistance of neighbors was inade quate to the emergencies of sickness and poverty. It is the beginning, therefore, of the organized provision for the sick and needy which is today so effective. It would be possible to continue almost indefinitely to cull from the ancient records, illuminating indications of the character, energy, and temperament of the forefathers. But enough has been said to show the sort of forces that were at work here. Yet when one compares the present city with that early settlement, and traces step by step the path iDy which the change has come about, there remains a feeling of wonder and awe. All has not been accounted for. There has been a unity, a move ment in a single upward direction, which renders all the twists and turns of no effect. Not one of the men who acted and, by his action, influenced the advance, had any perception of whither it was tending. Each contributed what was in him to give, for the momentary emer gency or need, but the elements were so varied, often so apparently conflicting, that it could not have been surprising if chaos instead of order, retrogression instead of progress, had resulted. Undoubtedly the directing influences acted through the human spirit and its environment, yet assuredly they did not originate there. Behind was the creative purpose, the guiding intelligence, the benevolent wisdom of God, har monizing, unifying, controlling. Hardly can any one study the history of such a community as this, or of the larger community of which it is a part, without perceiving that the human part is taken up and included in a vaster and eternal movement whose end is still unknown. And if, in the study of such history, we can discern the human part, to act bravely, vigorously, conscientiously, giving the best that is in us, and can feel not less certainly that the divine part is performed unfailingly, and can learn to act with the assurance that what is truly human finds its place in the divine plan and so becomes itself divine, we shall have learned the deepest lesson which history has to teach. In the musical services of this church. Director A. Locke Norris was assisted by Miss Ruth S. Davis, Miss Laura S. Jones, and the young people's chorus. Miss Jones rendered the Andante Cantabile by Tschaikowski, and Miss Davis sang "Fear ye not, O Israel," by Buck. EDWARDS CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH R EV. Willis H. Butler, pastor of the Edwards Church, preached the anniversary sermon at the morning service. He said, in part: The first settlers of the valley of the Connecticut are not as famous as their countrymen who landed at Plymouth some twenty- five years previous, but they were of the same sturdy stock. There was nothing sentimental connected with the settlement of this old town. It was a business enterprise, but it requires no less courage to go to China as a commer cial traveler than it does to go as a mission ary of the gospel. In a quiet and orderly way, which differed little from that followed by other settlements of the period, there came into existence another of those centers of infiuence entitled to that name so full of rich suggestions, "A New England Town." These forefathers of ours were laboring men. They were idealists of the sublimest sort, but that did not prevent their taking a very real interest in crops and cloth. All the people were farmers. Even the minister supplemented his allowance by tilling the soil. They worked with th^ ir heads as well as with th-'ir hands, and the church provid ed the intell'^ctual stimulus. Northampton seems to have been conspicuous for its interest in the cause of reUgion, and on this the first day of our anniversary observances it is fitting that we should consider the contribution which the church has made to the infiuence which the town exerted. From 1658 to 1824 the church was served by five remarkable men, and the names of Mather, Stoddard, Edwards, Hooker and AA^illiams ought to be mentioned because of the illustrious service which they rendered, a service which did more to make the town famous than any single other agency during that period. It was during the ministry of the mighty Edwards that a movement known as the great awakening began. It swept over New England, deepening and strengthening the religious thought and feeling of the succeeding century. All the labor of those who have preceded counts. No honest work is ever in vain. We cannot help being benefited by the struggles of those who have gone before, whether it be in the life of the family, or the town or the nation, but the amount of benefit derived depends upon how we enter into these struggles, upon how we carry on the work they began. If we could only see that the work of the small village church counts in the life of the city whither its youth has gone, how much more Rev. Willis H. Butler NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 127 in earnest would we be to maintain the village churches. If we only had the vision to look into the future, see how each honest stroke of work is bound to tell in the improved conditions of life, how much more care and strength would be put into those strokes. The worker may be forgotten; his work remains. The musical program rendered was as follows : Organ Prelude: "Pilgrims' Chorus," Wagner Choir Call: "Far from Care and Distraction," Gounod Axthem: "Thou, O Lord, Art Our Father," .Sullivan Offertory Solo for Tenor: "Be Thou Faithful Unto Death," Moidelssohn Orga.n Postlude in D, Tours FIRST METHODIST CHURCH REV. Clement E. Holmes of the Elm-Street Methodist Church took for his theme, "The Building of the City," which was based upon three passages of Scripture — Gen. 4: 17, "And Cain builded a city." Heb. 11: 10, "And Abraham looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God." Ps. 87: 5, "And of Zion it shall be said, this and that man was born in her." The following is an abstract of the discourse: The first text reveals man's original impulse to build a city. There have been two dominant motives in all city building. One is found in the advantages of security to property and life within the city wall, or stockade of the olden time, or under the police protection of today; the other is found in the charms of a compact society. Here man's social nature has attained its highest expression. Accordingly there are two implications of this text which modern thought is compelled to qualify. First, it takes more than one man to build a city. Such an achievement is the product of most complex forces. Secondly, we should expect in the natural order of development that the nomadic life preceded and gradually led up to the closely settled life of a com munity. At this, our Quarter-Millennial Cele bration, we are impressed with the age of our city, compared with the life of man and most of his architectural works in this new land, and also its youth, as compared with Rome, Jerusalem or Pekin. We are thus forced to wonder what constitutes the identity of this strange and almost immortal thing we call a city. Upon examination it seems to be none other than the unbroken continuity of its life and its institutions. We celebrate today not because man first made his abode here, for the red man had been here unnumbered years before, but because the white man had first pitched his tents here 250 years ago. It was the incoming of a new civilization. This portion of our countr}'' is just what its name im plies, a New England. Its customs, laws and language were all im ported. Thus we got our city's name from the mother land. The three distinctive features of our city have been the church, the militia and the schools. The church, formally organized in 1661, is the oldest existing institution. It is therefore fitting that the Cel ebration begins on the Sabbath and in the sanctuary. Those pioneers knew that it took more than men to build a city. Therefore they Rev. Clement E. Holmes NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 129 sought one whose builder and maker is God. And here, too, the power of the Gospel has been most signally manifested in the conversion of men. The first militia company was organized the same year. Since that time a grand total of 1,472 soldiers have gone forth to fight in the Colonial, the Revolutionary and Civil wars. The armory, there fore, is a fitting member of our collection of public buildings. And two years later the first school was organized, whose sessions were held in the town's meeting house. Our third text suggests that it takes great men to make a great city. "And of Zion it shall be said that this and that man was born in her." How proud we are to point to the names of Gov. Caleb Strong, Major Joseph Hawley, Gen. Seth Pomeroy, Rev. Solomon Stoddard; George Kingsley, our celebrated song writer; to George W . Cable, our widely known author; to President L. Clark Seelye, our distin guished educator, and can I not say, without invidious comparison, above all, to Jonathan Edwards, our one national character whose name has found a place in the Hall of Fame ? These have been the master builders in our city's life, who helped to guarantee its perpetuity and lead us toward the ultimate society in the City of God. The musical service at this church included the rendition of Bruce Stearne's "Great is the Lord" and "Our Land, O Lord," by P. A. Schnecker. ST. M A RY' S (CATHOLIC) CHURCH OF THE ASSUMPTIONS^ S*. S. S. REV. Michael J. Welch, assistant pastor at St. Mary's Church, delivered an historical discourse at the 10.30 mass. He took for his text. Matt. 13: 31, 32. He said: Fitting it is that this the first day of our triduum of celebration be dedicated to religious exercises. Like every town founded by the pioneers of New England, North ampton was "first cradled in the bosom of God." The church occu pied the foremost place in the minds and hearts of the people. The story of the church in Northampton is practically the history of this fair city. Well may her citizens, be their de nomination what it may, rejoice today while, with retrospective vision, they sur vey the proud history of this munici pality. In age she ranks with the oldest cities and towns of this Republic. Her beauty, never more charming than in the . vernal freshness of the present springtime, is unsurpassed in all the broad expanse and varied topography of our wonderful country. Her sons, ever conspicuous among the leaders of the commonwealth and nation, have won for her fair brow the laurels of fame, the nimbus of glory. We Catholics may well rejoice at the marvelous growth and remarkable achieve ments of Catholicity within this city; and between the pride we have in the progress and renown of our city and the joy we naturally experience in the development of Catholicity there can be no antagonism. Every stride in the progress of the church is an advance in the moral and social scale for her children, for the city, the state and the nation; for the better Christian a man is the more desirable citizen he becomes — the more faithful he is to , God and his conscience, the more loyal he is to his country and her laws. Today, as we gaze upon this magnificent temple, its grand pro portions, its surpassing location, its superb beauty — when we call to mind that this, the mother church of Catholicity in this township, is the faithful parent of eight large and progressive parishes and nine well-filled churches — that within the original parish limits there are living today more than 15,000 Catholics — we have reason to rejoice. In the face of these facts one would be led to surmise that the presence Rev. John Kenny NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 131 of our church, dated from the foundation of the city, that the most desirable sites both for church and school within the limits of fair North ampton waited on our selection, and that the early members of this congregation were men of position, influence and wealth. How con tradictory the reality; how humble the beginning, how steep and rugged the way, how arduous the struggle in the olden days ! No living tongue, no human language, can do justice to the endeavors, the striving, the sacrifice, the hours of toil, the hearts' blood, demanded and joyfully offered for the erection of the first Catholic chapel in this communit^r. One hundred years ago, and Northampton was then an old town, there was not a Catholic within this township. Eight and ninety years ago, when Father Cheverus — afterward first bishop of Boston — who died cardinal-archbishop of Bordeaux — came here from Boston to admin ister the last rites of Mother Church to her unfortunate sons, Halligan and Daly — who, as it was afterward discovered, lost their lives for the crime of another — not only was there no Catholic to receive him, but the very inns of the village refused him shelter. Eight and ninety years ago this very day they died, and among the 15,000 spectators assembled on Hospital Hill to witness their execution there was not one Irishman present to shed a tear of sorrow and sympathy for his poor countrymen, or pray God's mercy upon their souls. But the min ister of the church was by their side. The priest of God had heard their far-off call — onward from Boston through the primeval wilderness he journeyed that he might attend them in their dying moments. Oh ! even under the sad and, if you will, humiliating, incident of that execu tion, the old church shines forth in a perfect effulgence of glory — "Mother of Mercies," "Refuge of Sinners," "Comfortrix of the Afflict ed." As often as I ascend Hospital Hill, and bring to mind the inci dents of that execution, the 15,000 morbidly curious, unsympathetic, and angry multitude, in whose midst stood the two condemned and the absolving minister of God, there arises before my vision a some what similar scene, another hill, another multitude, another execution — Calvary, and I learn anew that the church is ever the same, now as then, the spirit of God's mercy ever abiding in her, the mercy of the dying Christ to the penitent thief and murderer. Not until 1834 does the church date her existence in Northampton. Some time within that year, in the little home of John Foley at "Straw Hollow," now Leeds, Father Fitton, in the presence of a dozen Irish exiles, offered up, perhaps for the first time within the limits of North ampton, the holy sacrifice of the mass. From 1834 till 1842, at intervals ranging from six weeks to four months, he visited Northampton, first from Hartford, afterward from Worcester. From '38 to '42 mass was celebrated either at "Pape Village," now Bay State, at the house of Mr. Hickey, or at the village center, at the home of Mr. Hayes. In the minutes of the old Tem perance society of July 4th, '4T,is recorded the purchase of the King- 132 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION street lot by Father Fitton for $385. The first payment, we are told, amounted to $180. The remainder was payable Oct. 20, 1842. In the minutes of that day there is given us a glimpse of their joy of heart, and lofty motives and holy zeal that prompted their sacrifices. "There is reason for rejoicing," writes the secretary. "There is reason for rejoicing that so great a work has been commenced to the glory of God and an opportunity afforded for laying up rich treasures in heaven." In 1842 Father Brady, the first resident pastor of Chicopee, took charge of Northampton as one of his missions. At once he set to work to collect funds for the erection of a church. Services now were held in the Canal freight depot, now church property. Here also was held the first Catholic Sunday school. Just how long services were held there cannot be ascertained, but not till Christmas of '45 was the little church dedicated. Bishop Fenwick of Boston officiated. What a day of rejoicing and consolation that Christmas of 1845 must have been. The little Catholic community had now a church. Eleven years of striving and planning, eleven years of common sacrifices and endeavors, were finally crowned with success. What a "Te Deum" of thanks giving must have ascended to high heaven on that Christmas morn ! How fittingly did "Gloria in Excelsis Deo," the angel song of the first Christmas morn, now chanted for the first time within this section, how fittingly did it give voice to their unspeakable gladness of heart and gratitude to God ! An humble wood building — on either side but seven pews, the center and rear left pewless that it might accommodate the more. The humble dimensions of the original church may be inferred from the fact that it had been twice enlarged until it attained the proportion and form with which we are familiar. Not until 1866 was Northampton made a parish. In January of that year Father Moyce was appointed its resident pastor. For six years he labored with untiring zeal and energy within this territory. Not only did he enlarge the Northampton church, but he also erected one in Easthampton, another in Haydenville and still another in Am herst. Father Moyce was succeeded by Father Barry, who in turn also enlarged the old church on King street. But so rapidly did the Catholic body increase in Northampton that Father Barry recognized the need of a much larger edifice, and to this end purchased in 1873 the magnificent site on which this church and the parochial residence now stand. On Aug. r4, 1881, was sol emnly laid the corner-stone of this edifice. In 1884, in the basement, was celebrated the first mass, and on May 10, 1885, this church, with the exception of the spires, practically as we behold it today, beautiful in symmetry, perfect in embellishment, replete in equipment, was ded icated to the service of God. In 1888 the rectory was commenced, NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 133 but before its completion God called Father Barry to his eternal reward. He died April 17, 1889. Were this an occasion to eulogise those who labored among you, we might justly pause and consider this great man's words and works ; but this is not such an occasion, nor needs Father Barry any enco mium. Your rectory, this enviable site, this stately temple of God, are eternal monuments to his foresight, energy and wisdom. On the first day of May, 1889, your present pastor, the friend and confidant of Father Barry, succeeded him as the pastor of St. Mar3''s. Shortly after his coming he purchased at the cost of $22,500 the finest school site in Northampton, Shady Lawn. Ten thousand dollars were expended in enlarging the convent and renovating the school. This debt, in an incredibly short time, notwithstanding the large increase in the running expenses of the parish, he liquidated. To him belongs the glory of the first Catholic school in Northamp ton — more necessary in our day to check the incursions and onslaughts of scepticism, agnosticism and irreligion than were the palisades of old to protect our city and her inhabitants from the ravages of the Red Men. His next work was the completion of the towers. At a cost of more than $7,000 he caused to be erected the twin spires that so grace fully taper and majestically point heavenward. Crowned with the emblem of Christianity, the glory of Catholicity, Christ's standard proudly elevated above all the surrounding country, proclaiming Christ's victory, not only over sin and death, but his triumph also over the world, over the hearts and minds of men, over the enmity of his enemies, over the power of his persecutors, teaching men the efficient and saving principles of Christian truth and morality, their glittering sheen is visible throughout the broad expanse of the original parish, and 15,000 Catholics hail them with reverence and delight. Such in brief is the history of the material advance of Catholicity in Northampton. Your property today is estimated at more than $150,000, which, thanks to your generosity and your pastor's economy, is entirely freed from debt. During these sixty years from the founding of the first Catholic church in your midst, what spiritual blessings it has brought you ! What an exercise of Christian virtues it has called forth among you ! faith, patience, perseverance, telling the deep meaning of your Catholic faith and the daily helpful uses that it offers to every soul. As the stranger from almost every quarter of the globe unites with you be fore the same altar, to worship the same God, to participate in the same ceremonies, to receive the same sacraments, what a growing sense you experience of the universal character, the historic grandeur, the undying vitality, of the Catholic church! No human record will ever tell the spiritual blessings that have come to this congregation and city through the church that has been 134 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION so imperfectly sketched. The masses offered, the sacraments admin istered — those channels of grace through which the merits of Christ are continually communicated to men — the marriages blessed, the children taught to know God and duty, and men reclaimed from paths of vice — all these are the spiritual history of St. Mary's church. It is inscribed in the Book of Life. There is still another history — that of poverty unmerited, of trials, of struggles, obstacles, yea, even of hate; but it is buried in the grave yard beyond the hill. The tongues that could relate in detail and with an eloquence of pathos that history are mouldered into dust. How their hearts would rejoice today were they the proud wit nesses of the marvelous growth, advance, and achievements of their church and children within this city, from a position of insignificance to a position of influence, from weak and unseemly elements of societ}', as common opinion once held them, into the foremost citizens of this commonwealth . The children of the farm hand, the common laborer, of fifty years ago, are today, thanks to the opportunities this grand Republic of ours offers to deserving merit, thanks to their own brawn and brain, to the Christian virtues early inculcated, they are today the busy, thought ful tradesmen, the stalwart, intelligent mechanics; they represent and grace every profession ; they are to be found in all the walks of munici pal life; they have risen to the highest level, the highest honor, within the gift of the citizens of Northampton. All this practically within the short space of one generation. Verily, you have cause to be glad on this day of municipal rejoicing and consolation. Your past history is glorious in progress and achieve ment. Well may you rejoice in the broad and solid, if humble, foun dations of Catholic faith, piety and devotion inaugurated by your fathers. But be not satisfied with admiring their good deeds in the past. Strive to emulate them yourselves in the. present and future. In the perfection to which you have brought their humble beginnings, you have proved that the spirit of your fathers abideth in you. May it ever increase and be forever manifest. Be worthy members of the Catholic church, whose mission in this Republic is essential for its stability, necessary for the true enlightenment of her citizens, and for the purification, uplifting and sanctification of her children. What this city and nation demand of you is that you be men in every sense of the word — men of upright. Godly, pure lives. Christians, Catholics not in name only, but in truth and deed. Upon such citizens are they ready to bestow their dearest charge, their honor. May our progress and achievements continue. And may God bless our fair citv. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 13.5 The musical program for the day follows : Junior Cboir— 8 a. m. Prelude, Havens Kyrie, i\Io:art Gloria, Conconc Offertory Solo, Deihicr Sanctus, Conconc Adagio, Dubois Agxus Dei, Bordcse Axthem: "Praise the Lord," Tannhauscr Marche Triumphale, Ciniarosa Organist, Miss Mamie Peia Prelude, Kyrie, Gloria,Credo,Offertory Sanctus,Agxus Dei Postlude, /Iftaes— 10.30 Heller Millard Millard Millard Violin and Organ Bcndcl MillardMillard Dubois Organist, Miss Elizabeth M. Bartley IDespers— 3 ©'clocft DOMIXE, Roseivig Dixit Dominus, Rosc-Lcig COXFITEBOR, Fisk Beatus, Fisk Laudate Pueri, Fisk Laudate Dominus, Stearns Magnificat, Fisk 0 Salutaris, Weise Tantum Ergo, Wiegand Organist, Miss Elizabeth M. Bartley FLORENCE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH AT the Florence Congregational Church the pastor. Rev. S. Allen Barrett, conducted the services, reading for the Scripture lesson, Deut. 30:1-20. The venerable pastor emeritus. Rev. Elisha G. Cobb, who for thirty-five years had gone in and out among this people as their teacher and leader, was invited to address his old congregation this day and did so. Mr. Cobb gave as his theme, "Northampton, a Pleasant City in which to Live." He showed this, first, by describing the natural scenery of this part of the Con necticut valley, and said it was a favor to be permitted to live amid such sur^ roundings. This city is characterized, also, by a progressive conservatism. For two hundred years we were only an agricultural town. The meadow lands produced bountifully. The necessities of life were abundant and luxuries little thought of. Such a people learn to pro duce everything they want among them selves and are always conservative. It became a proverb among us that if a man owned a strip of meadow land, belonged to the First church and bought his clothes of Deacon Daniel Kingsley, he would surely go to heaven when he died. Some others might get there, but these would go more direct. ScA^eral times in our history, ardent, impetuous people have called the old town slow and illiberal, but we have come into possession of excellent railroad facilities, water, sewer and lighting systems, libra ries, educational and charitable institu tions, without expensive mistakes, which a more headlong policy would have in curred. Northampton has been particularly liberal towards education and religion. Very few cities, large or small, represent so large an element of intelligent organized scepticism as we have had in our little city. I have had a good deal of obser vation and experience and am sure that rev. s. Allen Barrett Rnv. Elisha G. Cobb NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 137 our churches are larger, stronger, more intelligent and influential be cause of the buffeting they have had. Exercise develops strength and a reasonable Christian faith has nothing to fear from the severest tests. The schools of Northampton have increased in their annual ex pense from $14,000 in 1867, to $80,000 in 1903. Half of our twenty- one school-houses are new, modern and substantial, and are housing 3,000 children. Some think that our expense for schools is too great and increases too fast. If it should become necessary to cut down our school expense, the place to begin is at the top; that is, with the superintendent and department supervisors. Good teachers make good schools and work better if not supervised too closely and too much. These characteristics of our city, its beautiful situation, its con servative liberality towards everything that tends to the impiovement of the people, its general atmosphere of liberty, order, intelligence and thrift, make it a good place in which to live. The fact that we are celebrating our two hundred and fifty j^ears of life and growth should have a beneficial effect. It will help us to know our own history better, and every future grows out of a past. It will help us to plan and conduct our affairs better. Better than our fathers and mothers did, when the wages of a hired man were ten dollars a month and grog. It will help us to see that what we do for honesty, viitue, edu cation and religion in ourselves, our homes and communities, helps our city. The city is as its people. Cities and nations that have perished have done so through bad morals and vicious conduct. To believe in Divine Providence and co-operate with Him reverently, righteously, faithfully and perseveringly, will work out our own in dividual salvation and clothe our city with a glory that will excel the past. The church was decorated with a fine arrangement of flowers and flags, and the music was by the choir, reinforced by about a dozen of its former members, who sang with fine effect one of the old-time an thems. Prof. A. M. Fletcher presided at the organ with his usual taste and vigor, and all the music under his direction was of the high est order. FREE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, FLORENCE 3^ 3^ ^ 3^ ^ REV. Alfred Free spoke at the morning service upon the subject, "Qualities that Go to Making up of Worthy History." His conclusions were, in brief, as follows: "Beneath the surface of the social life today lie the vices and the virtues of the past. As in the great forests the trees are rooted in a soil formed largely of the decomposed tissues of other forests that once grew in their places, so we may find the roots of this day's life of the community or state deep down amid the dust and decay of past generations. The growth today is nourished upon the past; it springs from it and is sustained by it. The industry, the heroism, the virtue, the nobility, of the people now living were made possible by the people who lived centuries ago. AVe may think of these as mouldering under ground, in undisturbed peace and safety, never again to put forth bud and leaf of promise, or fruitage of noble deed; but, in fact, all that is to day springs from these and sustains vital relations with what we sometimes call the dead past." The speaker then sketched briefly the early settlement of the Connecticut valley, and discussed the qualities of our ancestors which enabled them to produce the worthy history of two hundred and fifty years which underlies our present social life. These qualities were industry, sobriety, simplicity of life, and religion. These points were considered in the order given. Of religion he said : Theirs was a strenuous effort to adjust life to its environment. Our fathers believed in an ultimate purpose in creation, and back of that purpose a Purposer. The greatest faith is not afraid to trust reason and truth, trust God and Man. In some respects the men of the past had less faith than we of today. They sought to bind the religious beliefs of their time upon the future, and in this way prevent possible changes in the established creeds. But the new astronomy, geology, evolution, and historic criticism opened the mind to larger thoughts upon the great questions of religion, until it became evident to thinkers that the old teaching must give place to views more in harmony with the larger knowledge of the new age. Those who were afraid to trust reason and truth felt that the only safe way was to stand by the old doctrines. Rev. Alfred Free NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 139 in which most of them sincerely believed. But those who had more open vision saw clearly and felt deeply the heavy and needless burdens such doctrines placed upon reason and faith. AA^hat were these men of open, honest minds and hearts to do? They must be true to them selves. The difficulties that stood in their way opposed themselves to others also. They must be true to the public. But to teach the truth as they saw it was to bring trouble upon themselves and the church. It meant leaving or being forced out from the old religious home in which they had been bred. The inherited spirit of freedom must prevail. The world has moved forward. Throughout the English-speaking world the larger vision and catholicity of these later years the lines of separation are less marked. There is a reawakening spirit of amity. Musical selections were rendered at this service by a double quar tette consisting of Mrs. AA^ A. Metcalf and Miss Helen F. Schadee, sopranos; Miss Alice Cary and Mrs. Elizabeth Graves, altos; John C. Facey and Kirk Stone, Jr., tenors; and Herbert T. Kelley and C. Pres ton Otis, bassos. These sung anthems and Messrs. Facey and Kelley sang a duet. FLORENCE METHODIST CHURCH AT the Florence Methodist Church Rev. Herbert G. Buckingham preached Sunday morning, taking for his theme, "Religious Thought and Life for 250 Years: Some Contrasts." His generalizations were upon the following lines : Two hundred and fifty years in the history of the world is a brief space, but a long time in the history of a community. It is fitting we 1 ause and observe so important an event. The new world was sparsely settled 250 years ago, and the red man was little disturbed. There were no roads, no bridges; no factory whistles awakened the echoes of this peaceful valley, but the religious con trasts, not the material, are our theme today. Those were the days just preced ing Cromwell's death and bigotry was rampant. No sooner was the house of Stuart restored, than those who did not conform to the Anglican church were outside the pale. On St. Bartholomew's day 2,000 ministers were ejected from their pulpits. John Bunyan was languish ing in jail. In France the profligate Louis XIV was exteiminating the Huguenots. On these shores William Penn and Roger Williams were struggling for religious liberty. Reputed witches were burned at the stake. The white man was well entered upon his work of debasing both the red man and the black man — the one with the bondage of drink, and the other with the bondage of toil. Two hundred and fifty years ago but few if any had caught the inspiration of the Master's last commission for the evangelization of the world. To almost all classes the Bible was a sealed book. Anglicans and Presbyterians may yet disagree, but they do not butcher each other. There is still wide cleavage between Protestants and Romanists, but fires are no longer kept to dispose of heretics. The battles fought by Roger Williams and William Penn have been won for all time. The golden age has not come respecting morals and the spiritual life, but the present is an infinite improvement upon 250 years ago. The Bible is in every home, and the armies of Christ are winning victories in every land. What of the future? What will 250 years bring to pass? May we not hope that the last battle among nations will have been fought; the last saloon, brewery and distillery will have been closed; every legalized avenue to destruction hedged up; one universal church? May our beloved city, as she goes on toward her half -millennial milestone, increase in all those virtues which make for the peace of the municipality and the commonwealth ! Rev. Herbert G. Buckingham CHURCH OF THE ANNUNCIATION, FLORENCE R EA'^ Patrick H. Gallen, pastor of the Church of the Annuncia tion at Florence, preached at the 10.30 mass Sunday morning, and drew some striking and important conclusions, which are briefly summed up as follows: AA^e are proud of our splendid city and of its histor)'. In the olden time the Puritans builded on a sure foundation, since religion and righteousness were the controlling influences of their lives, both public and piivate. If God was less a father than a stern master, their conception led to a more severe idea .^a^M!^»i °^ duty. Dark and sombre it made their ^^^"^h|. lives, but their self-denial called forth a ^^H power over themselves that made them ^^F subordinate to high and noble purpose. ^r \^__ They were well adapted, those settlers of early da^'s, to meet the conditions of a warring existence. By conquering them selves they acquired that indomitable force of character which enabled them to cope successfully with a wily Indian foe \j^'j^BB^^^ ^'^'^ master even nature herself in the M 'j^^^SfflMk battle for subsistence. But when happier r:^KFM-^^^k conditions came and extraordinary efforts were no longer called for, the world's advance along the lines of making life more endurable and less penitential was not acceptable to the Puritan. His Cal vinism, a most severe interpretation, had to give way before the modern belief in the joyousness of life. Little by little the old order changed, until today the children of the old settlers are apologizing for the peculiarities of their beloved ancestors. In our churches there is nothing to remind us that the arts and theology were ever at variance. Our endowed theatre is a rebuke to the early aides of morality. The education of females, once thought to be of nd account whatever, is now the flrst industry of our city. But most wonderful of all things that have come to pass in Northampton, the Pope of Rome is the spiritual father of the major part of our church- going population. These things may not be unmixed blessings, still, unless our reading of old churches has been at fault, there is today in our beloved city, more tlian ever in the olden days, a freedom and joyousness in living, more pleasures for the people and a better appre ciation of esthetic means for the production of well-ordered happiness. * * * Tlie American of today is a blend of many races. He will Rev. Patrick H. Gallen 142 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION dominate wherever crowds gather during our Anniversary Celebra tion. We have heard our orators declare on public occasions that we were assimilating the foreign population. Perhaps they were mis taken. The national powers of digestion are limited. Slowly but surely statistics show that the older American race is passing away forever. Unless stimulated by admixture of other races they are des tined, these children of the Puritans, to gradual but complete extinc tion. It is the one sad note that forces itself upon us during these joyous days. The newer peoples, the Irish, Canadian and Polish, seem des tined to inherit our splendid national patrimony. They will soon become fused into an American type. They will love and cherish our institutions, and, if need be, die in defense of our flag and our common and beloved country. The following musical program was rendered : Organ Prelude, Asperges, Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Traumeri: Sanctus, Agnus Dei, Postlude: Violin and Organ, 'Gloria," Violin and Organ, Wagner Sieg Loesch Loesch E-wing Schumann Mozart Gregorian Mozart CHURCH OF THE SCARED HEART THE Celebration was hailed with joy by all, probably, but by none more than by the French Canadian people of the Sacred Heart parish, for it is in this beautiful city they have taken up their abode and made homes which have now become almost as dear to them as those which they quitted so regretfully on leaving their own dear country. At the solemn services held on Anniversary Sunday, in the Sacred Heart church, a large and devout congregation assisted the societies of St. Joseph, St. John the Baptist, and the /j^^l^ Sacred Heart Cadets, the latter appearing f I in full uniform, enhanced by their pres- f .ia jiBt.l ence the enthusiasm of the occasion. It '' ¦ was to these societies in particular the _>— «^ / sermon was addressed, of which the fol lowing is a brief summary: "On this first day of the Anniversary Celebration of this beautiful city, I am most happy to see our Catholic societies assembled here to thank God for the favors of the past and to ask for a con tinuance of the same. "Adopted children of the American Republic, citizens of this charming city, you have today done your duty as Chris tians. Continue to show your loyalty and fidelity to your country, not only during this time of festivity, but the whole course of your lives." Rev. Noel Rainville The musical program rendered was : Old Hundred, with Organ and Viohn Bordellaise Mass Kyrie Gloria Credo Offertory, "O Salutaris' Sanctus Agnus Dei CHURCH OF THE BLESSED SACRAMENT AT the Church of the Blessed Sacrament Rev. Thomas P. Lucey preached at both the morning services on "The 250 Year's of Northampton History." He spoke forcibly of the early struggles of the people — the early settlers — how they sur mounted all obstacles, such as the attacks of Indians, the difficulties of travel and the general hindrances to progress of that time. Con tinuing, he spoke of the material progress and advancement in religious and social life the last century. He said that the gratitude we owe to God for the many manifestations of His love towards the town should be fervent and broad. There are few towns that have received more gifts from her grateful children, in the way of public institutions, both religious and educational. It is to be hoped that our people will prove them selves worthy of all their advantages, and do all in their power, by noble lives, to add to the future greatness of the city. A special program of music was ren- uch\ dered by the choir, and the church was beautifully decorated by the people of the parish. The musical selections were : Prelude: Organ. Anthem: "Great is the Lord," B. Slcanic Offertory: Organ, "Adoration," .1. Gaul Anthem: "Our Land, O Lord," Schnecker Postlude: March from "Athalie." Mendelssohn. POLISH ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH EVEN the newest church in town, the Roman Catholic Church of St. John of Cantius, did not allow the day to pass unnoticed. Only one service was held, that in the morning — the regular 10.30 mass, but this was held in the Home Culture Clubs' hall, the church on Prospect street not then being opened. A large congregation gathered, and the pastor. Rev. Peter C. Reding, preached a discourse calculated to rouse the latest- arrived race in this land of liberty to the- value of republican institutions. He contrasted the condition of the Polish people the last two hundred and fifty years with the people here, and showed how, with study and education and the liberal institutions afforded to all, by the government of this country, the Polish people might in time hope to emulate the achievements of all civilized lands. The achievements of the people of Ancient Poland were not forgotten, and the services of the best Polish talent were properly acknowledged, the whole being declared still greater cause for emu lation by the Polish people on this comparatively new soil. The music was impressive and befitting the occasion, though no special program had been arranged. Rev. Peter C. Reding THE SERVICE OF SONG J^ 3. SUNDAY EVENING 3. 3. FOLLOWING the church services of the morning, people gen erally dispersed to their homes, and in the afternoon there were heavy showers, which seemed to bode ill for the Service of Song, at the anniversary tent, in the evening, but with twilight hours clearing skies came again, and large crowds of people of all religious denominations began to wend their way towards the Pavilion on the Forbes Library grounds. The tent was quickly filled with an audience of about 2,000, and it was estimated that as many more stood out side, and listened and heard for the most part, while probably as many turn ed back, disappointed at not being able to approach within hearing distance. From this it seems evident that a tent holding from 8,000 to 10,000 people would have been none too large for the occasion. But this, unfortunately, could not be obtained in time. Prof. Edwin B. Storn The people of this city have come, naturally and educationally, by the love for music which has so long distinguished them. Amid the great wealth of beauty which nature bountifully provided for old Northampton, its awe-inspiring mountains, its forest-clad hills, its beautiful glades, brooks, rivers, lakes; its com manding hills within the village limits, affording charming vistas made famous in history, and its great undulating alluvial meadows, wondrous in their ever changing beauties, it is natural that there should have sprung up with the people a love of art, and that among these emotion ally inspiring scenes music should flourish. So it was, and is today. The Meadow City has always fostered this art educationally as well ; in the earlier times with the singing school and later in the established work of instruction in the public schools by Prof. Henry Jones, and in after years by Ralph L. Baldwin, to practical perfection. Then there NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 147 was the development of the local bands and the fostering influences of music in the homes of the people. Speaking of more speciflc work, the Choral Union, whose splendid concerts and oratorio productions are still longingl}^ remembered by the older residents, should not be forgotten. And those living who heard and saw, can never forget the famous con certs given by Jenny Lind and the first amateur production of "II Trovatore," under the direction of Dr. Thomas AA'. Meekins. Then later came the famous Apollo Club, under Dr. Meekins' leadership, and the city was not ashamed of the Doctor's son, Thomas, now living in New York, when he stood up as a successful director of a local com pany of musicians in the rendition of the opera "Pinafore." Of recent years there has been much activity in music, with the concerts under the auspices of the Smith College music department, the growth and de velopment of music in the churches, with many excellent productions of great masterpieces, many organ recitals; and the artistic concerts of the Northampton A'ocal Club under the direction of Ralph L. Baldwin. So it is natural that the art of music should have received imme diate attention and have been given due prominence in plans for the 250th celebration, not only upon Anniversary Sunday, but the other two days of the Celebration, as will be seen in the reports following. The committee on music, whose composition is elsewhere announced, gave the very best support and embellishment to the pleasure of those memorable days. AA'hen the Service of Song began, in the Anniversary tent, at eight o'clock, the scene was an impressive one. The platform was occupied bv a chorus of about 200 voices, made up largely of church choir mem bers and the Northampton Vocal Club, and in front of the chorus was the large orchestra of local musicians. The service was under the direction of Prof. Edwin B. Story of the music department of Smith College and for many years organist and choir leader at the Edwards church. The program was of a varied and pleasing character and introduced many of the church organists and choir soloists of the town ^ as follows : I. Orchestral Prelude: "Gloria in Excelsis," Mozart the orchestra 2. Favorite Tuxes of our Forefathers: *Majesty {Billings i-/46-i8oo) ; *Sherbume {Read ijsyy : Invitation {Kimball IJ61-1826) . THE chorus and ORCHESTRA *These tunes were sung in the " Old Church," at a concert given on Jan. 148 OUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION 3. Tenor Solo: "Come unto Me,'' with Violin and Pianoforte, H. N. Bartlett MR. ROY.W. STEELE, MISSES LAURA S. JONES, ELIZABETH HICKEY 4. Quartet: "O Come, Every One That Thirsteth," with Pianoforte, Mendelssohn miss MARJORIE W CLIFFORD, MRS. CHARLES B. KINGSLEY, MESSRS. FRANK M. READIO, EDWARD M. MEEKINS, MISS CLARA G. LORD 5. Soprano Solo: "Salve Regina," with Violin and Pianoforte, Henshaw Dana (Violin obligato, written by Miss Anna L. Kidder) MISS MARY FITZPATRICK, MESSRS. OSCAR N. FIELD, ALFRED M. FLETCHER 6. Chorus WITH Trio: "The Heavens are Telling," Haydn MISS CAROLINE L. BENWAY, MESSRS. CHARLES L. SAUTER, MORTIMER D. MAYNARD, THE CHORUS, ORCHESTRA, MESSRS. C. MILTON KINNEY, CHARLES C. CHASE 7. Trio for two Tenors and Bass. "Tantum ergo," Rossini MESSRS. CHARLES H. READIO, FRANK M. READIO, ALBERT E BROWN 8. Contralto Solo: "O Divine Redeemer," with Violin and Pianoforte, Gounod Miss M. LOUISE WEATHERBEE, MR. HARRY F. BARRETT, MISS LOUISE A. SCHADEE g. Male Choruses: "God's Glory in Nature,'' Beethoven "Into the Silent Land," Arthur Foote THE NORTHAMPTON VOCAL CLUB, MR. RALPH L. BALDWIN, DIRECTOR 10. Two Hymn Tunes: "AVare" and "Ferguson" for the Congregation, with Organ, George Kingsley {Northampton 1811-1884) THE CONGREGATION (standing), CHORUS, ORCHESTRA, MISS ELIZABETH BARTLEY II. Chorus: "Thou, O Lord, art our Father," Arthur Sullivan THE CHORUS, ORCHESTRA, MESSRS. ALBERT L. NORRIS, ALEXANDER P. COUTURE Particularization in review of the solo and chorus work would hardly be expected in a work of this kind, yet it should be mentioned that the chorus sang with remarkable precision of attack and shading, considering the short time allowed for organization and preparation, and the effect was gratifying and inspiring. The solos were all ade quately rendered and the service was one that was dignified, altogether fitting and memorable. The audience fully realized that it was a service of song, not a concert, and properly refrained from applause, but the rendition of the favorite tunes of the forefathers, "Majesty," "Sherburne" and "Invitation," was observed with unusual interest by most of the assembly, owing to the traditions of their composition and their old-time popularity. These old tunes were rendered with such skill and fervent power as brought vividly to mind the early days of the town and colonies, when the three tunes were sung everywhere. To the younger portion of the assembly the staid, stately measures and majestic strains were a revelation of the changes which have taken place in religious music within a hundred years. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 149 The Northampton Vocal Club was gladly welcomed when it came to render the ninth number on the program, and the audience took an active part with the chorus and orchestra when George Kingsley's tunes were reached. Many hearts were stirred as they never were before and given a spiritual uplift, through the deep emotions which surged over the soul and brought thoughts too powerful to be uttered. The chorus and orchestral work for Sullivan's "Thou, 0 Lord, art our Father," which followed, was a fitting benediction and finale to the service.After the service the crowd in the tent joined the throng on the street, admiring the illuminations, but before eleven o'clock the people were for the most part again gathered at their homes, and the first day of the Celebration soon closed. In this concert the church choirs of the city were represented, as follows: First church, Ralph L. Baldwin, director; Edwards church, Edwin B. Story, director; Baptist church, Raymond B. Harris, di rector; Methodist church, C. Milton Kinney, director; Episcopal church, Charles C. Chase, director; St. Mary's church. Miss Elizabeth Bartley, director; Church of the Sacred Heart, Alexander P. Couture, director; Church of the Blessed Sacrament, Miss Mary Kiely, director; Florence Congregational church, Alfred M. Fletcher, director; Florence Meth odist church, Mrs. James AA". Lee, director; Church of the Annuncia tion, Florence, Miss Elizabeth Hickey, director. The orchestra was constituted as follows: Violins: First, Misses Rebecca AA'ilder Holmes, Helen A. Boyxtox, Laura S. Joxes, Helex Warxer, Messrs. Oscar N. Field, Edward A. RusHFORD, Harry F. Barrett, Philip G. Parexteau. Second, Messrs. Frank D. R. AVarner, James AV. Connelly. Charles D. Jackson, Frank DONAIS. Violas: Messrs. Albert N. Baldwin, John F. Genuxg. 'Cellos: Messrs. Fred L. Clark, Harry W. Kidder. Basses: Messrs. George F. Seidell, Miltox O. AA'ickes. Flute: Mr. Fred Kixxey. Clarinets: Messrs. Michael Slater, Charles A. Hupfer. Cornets: Messrs. Fred W. Stearxs. Charles A. Wheeler. Tromboxe: Mr. Frank J. Lizotte. This is the Paradise of scape from Round Hill. America. — Jenny Lind, while viewing the land- The main street of Norwood was irregular, steadily seeking higher ground to its extreme western limit. It would have had no claims to beauty had it not been rich in the peculiar glory of New England — its elm trees. The elms of New England ! They are as much a jjart of her beauty as the columns of the Par thenon were the glory of its architecture. Henry Ward Beecher in "Norwood." It was this union of seclusion and publicity that made Norwood a place of favorite resort, through the summer, of artists, of languid scholars and of persons of quiet tastes. There was company for all that shunned solitude, and solitude for all that were weary of company. Each house was secluded from its neighbor. Yards and gardens fviU of trees and shrubber}^ the streets lined with venerable trees, gave the town at a little distance the appearance of having been built in an orchard or a forest park. Henry AA'ard Beecher. What a field for inspiration ! Here is the Connecticut valley, seamed and dimpled with many a fantastic cicatrice of the flood's caprice, overgrown with tanglewood of trees and clambering vines, with opens of meadow land, in varie gated green, sloping gradually towards the shining river, a silver baldric, framed with osier and water maples. Roundabout are the sociable hills, huddling around each lowland landscape, detaining the morning mist to give its mirage-like effect to the sunrise, while, like an illuminated banner, they hold above the twilight vales the last rays of the sun. Artist John P. Davis, of New York. How a man could live there and ever get his eyes to the ground, I cannot imagine. Beecher's "Norwood." Scenes inust be beautiful which, daily viewed. Please daily, and whose novelty survives Long knowledge and the scrutiny of years. Cowper. M o N D A Y Sk s E C o N D D A Y RINGING OF BELLS AND FIRING OF SALUTES MONDAY morning was the first secular day of the Celebration, and the sky was dark and threatening when Luke Day, keeper of the city lockup, loaded the cannon belonging to the late Waldo H. Whitcomb, at the rear of the Forbes Library lot. This old fieldpiece, which had done duty on many public occasions of rejoicing, never was heard to better advantage. The sun was scheduled to rise at 4.20, but it did not put in an appearance on account of the lowery sky. Ordinarily a sunrise salute calls for but one gun, but this was an important occasion, and Governor Bates had particularly re quested that more should be fired, so that he could be thoroughly and early roused for the pleasures of the day, and twenty-one guns were therefore fired. As the first gun was heard, the bells of four churches, with the high school and college bells, chimed in merrily, and the Meadow City made an official recognition of the great Cele bration and its 250th birthday. The cannon firing and bell ringing occupied about twenty minutes, and then Chairman John P Thompson, of the Committee on Salutes, telephoned to Round Hill, inquiring if the Governor was awakened. He received a hearty affirmative reply from the Governor, and the equally early rousement of the citizens and their presence on the streets showed that they also were alive to the importance of the day. The First church bell was rung by Andrew P. Hancock, the Ed wards church by Arthur Green, the St. John's church by James Good win, the Methodist church by CHfford Smith, the college bell by Jan itor John Doleman, and the high school bell by Janitor Darwin C. Robbins. At 10.20 o'clock Mr. Day, in the presence of a small army of boys, began firing the salute to the Governor, fifteen guns being called for this time, and these also signalizing the gathering of the citizens for the first formal and official exercises of the Celebration in the Acad emy of Music, which began at 10.30 o'clock. For the information of future generations it may be stated that, in firing the salutes, Mr. Day used about a pound and a quarter of powder for each shot, and about fifteen dollars was expended in this service. EXERCISES IN THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC ADDRESS OF WELCOME 5 r PRESIDENT L. CLARK SEELYE AND ORATION BT EX-GOVERNOR JOHN D. LONG THE Academy of Music was filled to the doors with the first secular assembly of the week, and the scene was an impress ive one. On the stage were the following well-known people : Judge William P. Strickland, Judge William G. Bassett, Judge John W. Mason, Rev. Dr. Henry T. Rose, Rev. WiUis H. Butler, Rev. Lyman P. Powell, Rev. Frederick H. Kent, Rev. John C. Breaker, Rev. Alfred Free, Rev. Clement E. Holmes, Rev. Gerald Stanley Lee, Rev. S. Allen Barrett, Rev. Herbert G. Buckingham, Rev. Fathers John Kenny, Michael J. Welch, Noel Rainville, Timothy J. Fitzgerald, and Thomas P. Lucey, and Rev. Robert M. Woods of Hatfield, Dr. Christopher Seymour, Dr. Elmer H. Copeland, Prof. Isaac Bridgman, Prof. John T. Stoddard, Prof. A. P Dennis, ex-Mayors John L. Mather, Henry P Field, and Arthur Watson, Postmaster Louis L. Campbell, City Clerk Egbert I. Clapp, A. Lyman WiUiston, George W Cable, Capt. Richard W. Irwin, Sidney E. Bridgman, Oscar Edwards, Robert E. Edwards, Christopher Clarke, Henry R. Hinckley, Oliver Walker, Merritt Clark, John C. Hammond, Timothy G. Spaulding, Henry S. Gere, Luther J. Warner, Albert E. Brown, Calvin Coolidge, George D. Clark, Charles N. Fitts, Superintendent of Schools Jacob H. Carfrey, Charles N. Clark, Chauncey H. Pierce, John L. Warner, William A. Bailey, Harry E. Bicknell, Walter L. Stevens, Myron L. Kidder, George L. Spear, James H. Searle, George L. Wright, Peter Sobotky, Frank N. Look, Homer C. Bhss, Thomas A. Orcutt, WiUiam MacKenzie, Prof. James Mills Peirce of Harvard University, Prof. Lorenzo Sears of Brown University, Col. Joseph B. Parsons, Isaac S. Parsons and Frank B. Parsons of Boston, Josiah S. Tappan of Boston, Edward C. Bodman and George A. WeUs of New York, Stephen S. Taft of Springfield, Lyman N. Clark of Westfield, Major Charles S. Shattuck of Hatfield. The interior of the Academy was decorated as well as the exte rior, and the Governor's wife and wives of the Governor's Council oc cupied seats in the boxes and were the objects of much attention. Mayor Henry C. Hallett presided by virtue of his office, and on his right sat President L. Clark Seelye and Hon. John D. Long, with NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 153 Rev. Dr. Henry T. Rose and Alderman Samuel S. Campion of North ampton, England, on the left. Back of these were the members of the Governor's Council and his executive and private secretaries. The members of the city government were also on the stage, with the Exec utive and Finance Committee of the Celebration. The exercises opened with the singing of "To Thee, O Country," by the Smith College Glee Club, and the young women aroused great enthusiasm by their spirited music. Rev. Dr. Henry T. Rose offered prayer, and after two selections b}^ the glee club, "A^oices of the AVoods" and "Should Auld Acquaintance be Forgot," President Seelye was introduced and gave the opening address. The eloquent periods of this favorite home orator thrilled the audience and brought forth loud applause. Upon the conclusion of Dr. Seelye's address, Hon. John D. Long, ex-Governor of Massachusetts and ex-Secretary of the Navy, was in troduced and made the oration of the day. The exercises closed with the singing of "America" by the glee club, the audience joining. PRESIDENT SEELYE'S ADDRESS L. Clark Seelye, LL. D. Your Excellency, the Governor; Your Honor, the Mayor; Friends and Fellow Citizens of Northampton. — ALL over the earth, in various languages, by a common con sciousness of fitness, men have spoken of the City as feminine, and under the symbol of motherhood have signified her re lation to her citizens. From infancy to old age they are under her fostering care. Their health depends upon her sanitary regulations ; their wealth upon the work she offers and the industry she encourages ; their manners upon her refinement ; their intelligence upon her schools ; their moral character upon her ethical standards; their faith upon her reverence for God; their liberty upon the laws she enacts and enforces. From their political mother men acquire their best possessions. She is the medium through which they gain their first knowledge of Nature, of man and of God. In her embrace they awake to a sense of love, and there they first learn the mystery of sorrow and of death — the joy and the gain of disinterested public service. She, in turn, acquires vital strength and increase from their fidelity and attainments. When they die she continues to voice their affection and to execute their will, and the high ideals which they were too weak or short-lived to realize, she perpetuates as accomplished facts, and as incentives to higher attainments. Her vigor need not be diminished by the lapse of centuries, and the passing generations may augment her resources. The City is, therefore, permanently associated with the most fecund and precious experiences of human life. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 155 It is by virtue of these associations, if I interpret rightly the signifi cance of this festival, that the sons and daughters of Northampton gather from near and from far to congratulate their political mother on her 250th birthday and to wish her many happy returns of this joyous anniversary. How different the scenes which greet us from those which greeted her infancy! Above are the same heavens; the same majestic river flows through the meadows ; our horizon is bounded by the same picturesque mountain ranges ; but how changed the inhabitants and their environ ment! No longer unbroken forests stretch as far as the eye can reach, concealing in their unexplored recesses wild beasts and savages ; no longer men fear lest a sudden Indian raid may massacre the few inhabitants and blot out the infant settlement. All the perils and privations of that primeval wilderness have passed away. In place of a rude and contract ed society, we behold a prosperous and highly civilized community, where men enjoy, without molestation, the rich fruits of past and present in dustry, and where they find almost unlimited opportunities for mental and spiritual growth. With no trace of her early barrenness and poverty, decked with banners — emblerns alike of her conflicts and victories, and of the varied nationalities which have contributed to her composite life, — the City of Northampton today, like a benignant mother, receives from thousands of those whom she has blessed, the testimony of their gratitude and affection. In her name, I am commissioned to welcome the special representatives of the complex agencies to which she is most indebted for what she is, and for what she has been able to accomplish. First of all, she would welcome His Excellency, the Governor, and the honored officials of the Commonwealth, — whose child she is, to whom she has ever looked for protection, whose glory she reflects, and whom it has been her joy to serve with unwavering loyalty. Our forefathers believed in the State as a divine institution, and that only through its organization could society be saved from anarchy and men realize their liberty. They accordingly acknowledged its authority in all their trans actions. Northampton's history begins with the petition of the flrst settlers to the General Court for leave to form here a Township. That they might have a legal title to the territory they occupied, they bought the land of its Indian owners instead of taking it by superior force, and ever since that petition was granted and the deed of conveyance signed by the Indian sachems, her growth has been in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth; and when Massachusetts became an integral part of the United States, the City was no less loyal to the Nation, and contrib uted her quota to promote the growth and vigor of the national life. Recognizing her vital dependence for whatever she possesses or has accomplished upon the higher sovereignty of the state, she offers at this anniversary her most respectful salutations to the official representatives of the Commonwealth and of the Nation. 156 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION The flrst civic institution in Northampton was a court of justice, established only a few months after her settlement, and on the decisions of that court, Northampton has constantly relied for the conviction of criminals and for the adjudication of disputes. Her lawyers early be came eminent. From their ranks have been chosen judges for the Su perior Court, and also those who have filled high official positions in the Commonwealth and in the United States. The descendants of her dis tinguished jurists and you, the living members of the Bar, who worthily transmit its spirit and traditions, the City also welcomes, gratefully ac knowledging the measureless influence for good, which has been exerted in this community by the legal profession, in advocating the claims of law and in securing impartial justice. Four years after the justice came the minister, and seven years after the court, the first church was established. The historic order does not indicate the relative importance of these institutions in the minds of the early settlers. In their notion, church and state were inseparable, and the God they worshiped was the author both of law and of grace. The first pubhc edifice was called the meeting-house, and it served alike the purposes of a court and a sanctuar}'. Although the court preceded the church historically, religion always stood first in the estimation of our forefathers, and the ministers were held in highest esteem among public functionaries. Particularly favored was Northampton in her early teachers. They commanded both the reverence and the respect of their parishioners b}^ the purity and uprightness of their lives, by their un blemished character, and by their superior intellectual ability. Men they were — "To all the country dear, And passing rich, with forty pounds a. year. " The third minister of the town, Jonathan Edwards, who succeeded his grandfather, won an international reputation, and occupies the fore most rank among American clergymen. More than 2 ,000 descendants have been traced to him alone, the majority of whom have ably filled influential positions. AVho can estimate the influence of these godly men in exemplifying the high ideals of life which they proclaimed, and in their intelligent and constant interest in whatever was for the well- being of their parishioners? Marvelous have been the changes in religious creeds and practice since the organization here of the first parish and church. Until last century the clergy of the town belonged to the established New England church. An Episcopalian or a Roman Catholic would have been viewed with about as much aversion as an Indian prepared for a war dance. The creed of the City now is neither Protestant nor Roman Catholic. Equal privileges and equal rights are given to all religious organizations, whatever be their denominational standard or their ritual, and the City cordially welcomes today all religious teachers, whether called ministers. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 157 rectors, priests or rabbis, who are sincerely seeking to help men to wor ship God and to lead pure and honored lives; for on the righteous char acter of its citizens, now as ever, all civic prosperity must primarily depend. Next to the jurist and the minister came the schoolmaster. The same rough building which served as court-house and sanctuary was also the school-house, and the same public spirit which soon provided more suitable buildings for court and church has provided, from generation to generation, ampler facilities for education. Some of the most noted school teachers of the land have made their reputation here, and the beneficial influence of their training has been felt in every line of civic activity. Although we have passed that period when the schoolmaster was looked upon as a prodigy of learning, — ' ' And still the wonder grew That one small head could carry all he knew," we do not forget that this wider diffusion of knowledge and this larger proportion of educated men and women are due in a great measure to the scantily paid instructors of our public schools. You, faithful men and women who have taught the boys and girls to use their brains most effectively, and who, working for small pay, have greatly increased the value of every citizen, the City welcomes today, and accords a high place among the sources of her strength. I know not when the flrst regular physician came to this region.* I imagine the sturdy flrst settlers were blessed with such robust consti tutions that they rarely needed medical aid, or if they needed it, they got little more than Nature freely gives. Probably two centuries and a half ago a sick man would have had, ordinarily, a better chance for recovery by following Nature's suggestions than by submitting to the treatment which medical science then sanctioned. But competent phy sicians came with the town's larger growth ; — men who co-operated with Nature in her healing process, and through whose intelligent efforts the most proliflc sources of disease have been removed. Sanitary regula tions are better understood and enforced; men live longer; and quacks and quackery have become disreputable. In no profession has there been greater progress than in medicine. Never were physicians so well educated nor so well qualifled to practice the healing art. In the name of the community whom they and their predecessors have served, the City welcomes her physicians, for the salutary work they have accom plished. She welcomes, also, her living heroes, and the kindred of those now dead who have offered their lives in her defense. In the fierce encoun ters with Indian tribes, in the merciless French and Indian wars, in the * In the History of Northfield it is said that Patience, — the wife of William ^liller, one of the first settlers of Northampton, — "was a skillful physician and surgeon and was the only doctor at North ampton during the first two settlements." Probably, however, her medical knowledge was no more than that which an experienced nurse ordinarily possesses. 158 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION wars with England for national independence, in the fratricidal struggle to save the Federal Union, in the American and Spanish wars, the sons of Northampton have shown their loyalty and valor. On land and sea, as private soldiers and marines, as commissioned officers in the varied ranks of sergeant, lieutenant, captain, colonel, major, general, admiral, rear admiral, they have faced death without flinching in the service of their countr^^ and have won for Northampton imperishable renown. All honor to the brave men through whose patriotism the life of the city and the state has been preserved ! The City welcomes, also, with special gratitude and pride, the ben efactors who have founded her numerous institutions. I know no city in the world, and I doubt whether one can be found, of the size and wealth of Northampton, which has been the recipient of such varied and costly gifts to increase the enjoyment and intelligence of her inhab itants. Some of these are not merely local, but are of national impor tance, and exercise a world-wide beneflcence. They are largely the out growth of that spirit which has led men here from the earliest generations to subordinate their private interests to the public weal. They indicate also, the respect and confldence with which the City has been regarded by those living outside its territorial limits. A large proportion of these gifts have come from unmarried men, who, having neither wife nor chil dren as objects of their affection, have bequeathed their wealth to the City in token of their affectionate regard. A brief enumeration of these charities will show how remarkably Northampton has been blessed and how great are her obligations. First, there is the Smith Charities, an institution founded by Oliver Smith, a bachelor of Hatfield — having an endowment valued at about $1,200,000, with unique provisions — for gifts to young men and women who satisfactorily complete an apprenticeship — for dowries to indigent and worthy young women, when they marry men of good character; — for annuities to widows with dependent children — and for a cumulative fund to found an agricultural coUege in the year 1906. Then there is the Clarke Library, and memorial of the soldiers who died in the war of the Union — rfounded by John Clarke and other cit izens of Northampton, holding real estate and invested funds amounting to $206,000. There is the Clarke School for the Deaf, established also by John Clarke, with property and funds valued at about $500,000, to give to mutes the power of speech. There is Smith College — possessing property amounting to $2,200,- 000, to which its founder. Miss Sophia Smith, bequeathed the bulk of her fortune, and to which many other citizens of Northampton and friends elsewhere have generously contributed, in order to provide for young women the best advantages for a higher education. There is the Forbes Library, established also by a bachelor, Charles E. Forbes, possessing real estate and invested funds amounting to NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 159 $500,000, the income of $300,000 being reserved as a perpetual fund for the purchase of books. In connection with this there is the Earle Fund of $65,000, estab lished by Dr. Pliny Earle, also a bachelor, to aid in the maintenance of the library. There is the Dickinson Hospital — founded by another bachelor of Hatfield, Cooley Dickinson, with a fund of about 8150,000. There is the Academy of Music — valued at $125,000, the gift of Mr. E. H. R. Lyman, that the citizens of Northampton might have an attractive and convenient place for the best class of entertainments. There is the Florence Kindergarten, established by Mr. Samuel L. Hill, and enlarged by the gifts of Mr. Alfred T. Lilly, with property amounting to about $300,000, that the children might have the benefit of kindergarten training. There is the Whiting Street Fund, of $25,000, the gift of AA'hiting Street, to help the worthy poor who are not paupers. There is the Home for Aged AA^omen, to which many citizens have contributed, valued at $25,000. There is the Lilly Library, with property amounting to about $18,000, also the gift of Mr. Alfred T. Lilly, for the especial convenience of those at a distance from the other libraries. There is the Home Culture Club — the generous enterprise of Mr. George W. Cable — to provide for those who are destitute of home ad vantages — to which many other citizens have contributed, and which has property and invested funds amounting to about $75,000. Then there is the Young Men's Christian Association, possessing real estate and funds amounting to about $50,000 — the contribution of many benefactors, although largely due to the benevolence of Mr. A. Lyman Williston. To these varied charities — amounting to nearly $5,000,000 — might be added $500,000 to represent gifts in church edifices and $615,000 to represent the gift of the State in the Northampton Lunatic Hospital. What other city of its size can show a record of benevolence equal to this ? May those to whom these trusts have been committed prove worthy of their heritage, and transmit them, with augmented resources, to the coming generations ! In singling out these representatives of the manifold forces which have contributed to the growth of her civic life, Northampton does not for get her indebtedness to the working men and women to whom she owes her origin, and who have always constituted the great majority of her citizens. The first settlers of Northampton represented a vigorous stock, physically and intellectually. In emigrating from the Old Country and braving the perils of the ocean to establish homes in an unexplored wil derness, they illustrate the survival of the fittest. They were men not 160 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION easily daunted nor discouraged. Hardships they made light of; work they esteemed honorable, and indolence criminal. They had high ideals of virtue, law and religion. Sharing in a measure the ignorance, the superstition, the indifference to pain, which characterized that period of civilization, they nevertheless possessed so richly the essential prin ciples of truth, justice and righteousness, that they were enabled to outgrow the forms of ancient barbarisra, and to develop here some of the best types of manhood and womanhood. They soon made North ampton a center of light and commanding influence to all the region. Good and able citizens were attracted from other localities by the supe rior advantages here offered. Steady contributions of the best blood of New England poured in to enrich and to make more vigorous the original parent stock. None were ashamed to work with their hands as well as with their brains. They ploughed fields, felled forests, made roads, built houses, developed manufactures, and organized, in manifold ways, the varied industries which have furnished the conveniences and com forts of civilized life. Men of commanding influence soon arose from their ranks who filled acceptably and with conspicuous ability the high est offices of church and state, while all classes and conditions of freemen worked unitedly for the common weal through the forms of a democratic government. As freely as she received, so freely Northampton has given her citizens to play important parts in founding other towns and cities. Her sons and daughters have been among those who led the van in that movement which has carried civilization from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Even in lands remote, among peoples widely separated from us in language and lineage, her merchants, mechanics, teachers, mission aries, and the youth, who here gained their first knowledge of Christian civilization, have carried her name and made her beneficial influence felt. You, the living representatives of these generations, whose lives are im- perishably embodied in the City's corporate existence, and who have made her light to shine all over the earth, she also welcomes to her festival, in the hope that labor here shall never be a source of strife, or an instrument of tyrannical oppression — shall never be a merely servile task, but shall remain so honorable and helpful, that when another quarter millennial of history is completed, men shall find here a nobler and more abundant life. And now it is my privilege to welcome one who, though not a native or resident of Northampton, is an illustrious example of the citizenship which she has steadily aimed to produce, — a man to whom all American citizens are greatly indebted for his estimable service in the high offices of state which he has most acceptably flUed, and who increases our obligations today by consenting to honor us by his presence and speech. Ladies and Gentlemen, I have the pleasure of welcoming and pre senting to you, as the orator of the day, the Hon. John D. Long, who will now address vou. EX GOVERNOR LONG'S ADDRESS Hon. John D Long DR. HOLMES once wittily suggested that nowadays the patron saint of Massachusetts is Saint Anniversary. Hardly a day in the year comes round which is not an occasion for the celebration of the foundation of some stone in the temple of the Commonwealth. It is unfortunate that the good saint is not as proliflc in suggesting themes for the orator as he is in furnishing demands for his appearance and reappearance, though never his positively last appearance. Every line of discourse has been worn threadbare. From the past is always drawn the same lesson ; from the present the same warning ; for the future the same injunction to be good and true, and to be virtuous if we would be happy. As we hear, on whatever occasion or from whatever lips, these cumulative addresses, which come so thick and fast that nobody reads them except in the headlines of the abstracts of a good-natured press, they remind us of the variations which the musician's art develops in the tinkling, melodious paraphrase of some old song, and through which, though perhaps for a moment carried away by what seems a new note or measure, we soon recognize the familiar air of "Yankee Doodle," or, as today, the heart-touching refrain of "Sweet Home." For it is the dear old home you celebrate today — set in this paradise of New England, on the bank of the beautiful Connecticut, under the sentinel watch of Mt. Tom and Mt. Holyoke, along these rich meadows which tempted here your ancestors, and in the lap of these bordering 162 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION hills — its clustering roofs sheltering happy family circles, its varied in stitutions of industry and thrift and charity and education making it the type of the best civilization of the age, and its memories and associations those of a patriotic, progressive history, in which are prominent the deeds and influence, not more of a few than of the whole body of the men and women who have inspired and characterized it from the beginning. Hence it is that this is an occasion, not for special recital of here and there an event or of here and there a name, or for grandiloquent or didactic oration, but for the happy reunion of neighbors and townspeople, for the interchange of greetings, and a gathering at the family fireside of fall — for they all still live — who from the beginning, two hundred and fifty years ago, have dwelt in its warmth and added to its cheer. And as all these generations rehearse their story, what I am sure strikes us most is, that, with all your growth in numbers and wealth and institutions, with all your material progress in the arts, with all your accumulation of knowledge and the means of its acquirement, and with all your justly boasted advance, the fundamental qualities, the human nature, and the springs within the man himself, which have worked out all these, are the same that broke the silence of the wilder ness here two hundred and fifty years ago, and planted here the stand ard of a Christian commonwealth. Whether you look back along the lines of military or of civic life, of farm or shop or cloister, it is the same man at every turn, with the same hope and inspiration and duty and achievement. When in the spring of 1654 the first settlers made here their home, and soon gathered around the family altar their wives and children and their household goods, erecting their homesteads and selecting their meadow lots, holding their first town meeting, erecting the meeting house for all town purposes, (for the parish and the town were one), putting themselves in political relation with the General Court of the colony, establishing courts of justice and appointing officers to enforce the law, and beginning a system of the records of the town to which they gave its present euphonious name, it was all no mere beginning, but the already matured fruit of a civilization in which it was a step, and in which ours is but a later step. For there is this striking peculiarity in our early history. We were born from the front of Jove, mature and full. The civilization of other peoples has been a slow evolution from barbarous beginnings, with influxes through invasion or conquest or political relations with other powers. Our fathers began well up the summit, and I doubt whether it has been possible to make much advance on them in the fundamentals of intellectual power and grasp or righteous living. They were almost all of English stock, though the Hibernian was in evidence in North ampton within twenty years from its start and later was granted and today largely illustrates the citizenship which was at flrst denied him. Indeed now, with nearly all nations represented, you are a world-city NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 163 From the birth of your town you flnd no day of mean things, no semi- barbarism from which there has been an exodus, but always the pro gressive spirit. No more generous enthusiasm for learning or piety or patriotism goes into your institutions today than they put into theirs. Their spelling sometimes seems a little peculiar, but it is not worse than that of some graduates of Harvard and Yale whom we have known. They planted the school-house, they procured the best teachers, they trained their children for the university. They dotted your landscape with the spires of churches. On the roll of their divines, tlieir physicians, their lawyers, their soldiers, their statesmen, you find the most illustrious names. Why mention Mather and Edwards and Stoddard and Lj^man and Cook and Parsons and Williams and Hawley and Strong and Pom eroy, when to mention these names is to omit others, so many of which are also worthy of mention? The things of course which conspicuously and conventionally mark the history of a town are the characteris tics and acts of certain individuals. Around these cluster the romance and the interest. They are the blazed monarchs of the forest by which the traveler finds his way. And yet I think the true history of a New England town for two hundred and fifty years is in its unindividualized growth, as steady and irresistible as the movement of a glacier — the whole abundant forest, not a few trees in it but the whole abundant forest with its mighty growing shelter and its common glory — in other words, the entity of civilization, with its bettering of human conditions for all life. If you would trace the real history of Northampton, 3^ou will not, proud as you may be of them, limit your view to names such as I have mentioned, which quickest catch the eye and elicit the praise of the outsider who in kindly courtesy paj^s you the graceful compli ment of an after-dinner speech. You will find it in the homely bene factions of those who by industrious toil and faithful citizenship have kept sweet the heart of New England civilization, and who, though no Emerson dwelt among them, lived his philosophy long before him in the serenity of their hearth-sides, and have written it in the esthetic adorn ment of their homes. You will find it in the devotion of clergymen and teachers, of good women, humble apostles of social reform and charity, of progressive citizens of foreign birth, of men of wealth, who, with a public spirit worthy of all praise, have year after year contributed to enlarge and to freshen every stream of good influence, and of men whose only wealth was the labor of their hands, but all which they poured into the channels of the thrift and development of your municipality. Such be the benefactors of your town, the fibre of your history, whom no orator pictures, whom no poet sings. Even from the first one wonders at the great array of active, thriv ing, busy men, who were erecting forges and factories on your streams, engaging in agricultural pursuits with an ardor and success that put us of today to shame, carrying on large traffic, their mills merry with the song of the saw and wheel, their streets active with the life of carriage 164 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION and commerce. To the wars they sent no hirelings or churls, but men of reputation and substance. Some of them were high in military rank ; some perished in the flower of their youth, in battle with the native or foreign foe. They rendered stout service in the French and Indian wars, and were at Crown Point and Fort Edward and Fort William Henry. Their contribution of life and substance in meeting the fright ful attacks of the savages, whom they proposed to govern with or with out their consent, was proportionately larger than any sacriflce of our modern times. The story of that conflict with the Indian foe is full of romance, of instances of personal heroism, of pitiless cruelty suffered, of fight and burning and captivity, and yet amid it all went on the steady growth of the town, peace more potent than war. They were in at the taking of Louisburg, where Seth Pomeroy, an equally good blacksmith and soldier, won the prestige that gave him later a brigadier-general ship in the war of Independence. They were all through that glorious war, at the siege of Boston, and in the long line of reverses and suc cesses that followed. They were substantially on the side of law in Shays' Rebellion, which, if it had not good cause, had some occasion in the distresses of the time, the oppression of debt under which the rural population groaned, and the exactions of hard creditors, but which after all, to the credit of our fathers be it said, was fought out rather by the hard-headed debate of yeomen in the field and in the village than by the comparatively bloodless battles between a pitchfork and a rusty musket, or in the race by the mob and the militia through the snowdrifts of Petersham. It was at that time, and to help create public sentiment against disorder, that the Hampshire Gazette, the forerunner of the potent influence of the press of the Connecticut valley, was founded, with such men as Joseph Hawley and Caleb Strong as contributors. In the war of the Rebellion Northampton's record is one of proud achieveraent ; it is a record not only of the service and sacrifice of those who went to the front, its sons enrolled in more than half of the Massa chusetts regiments in the Union army, especially in the fighting Tenth Massachusetts, in which Northampton was conspicuous, and which inscribes on its colors the battles of the Peninsula, Antietam, Fred ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and the Wilderness, but of the unfaihng help and the unwavering loyalty of those who at home pro vided the material sinews of war and upheld the equally important public sentiment of unflinching faith and fldelity to the end. At San tiago, in the Spanish-American war, one of Northampton's sons, bear ing a name historic in her annals, was a most conspicuous captain in that brilliant naval battle. Indeed, as I run back through these two centuries and a half, I share the glow of pride which you feel in finding no lingering record of folly or crime to excuse; no era of ignorance and darkness to be relieved with mythical traditions of physical prowess; no succumbing to the witchcraft delusion which NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 165 shamed your fellow colonists of the Eastern shore and which your ances tors practically laughed out of court as the pestilent nuisance of back biting and querulous gossips ; hardly any offences more heinous than the ordinary pranks and disorderly behavior of lusty and super-abundantly lively boys whose heads the tithing-man rapped with his staff to keep them quiet during church service, but all along the years a clear, steady light; not the blaze of sacrifice or pomp or wealth or war, but the light of Christian intelligence and simple virtues and true manhood. As I have said, the real history of Northampton is the history of its years of peace and ordinary procedure. Its share in war and battle is incidental. And yet its record there is conspicuous. If there be a silver lining in the tempestuous cloud of war, it is in the fact that war is not solely battle and blood and horror. It has been the convulsion which rent apart the hard and restricting coil of oppression and repression. God doubtless might have made a better berry than the strawberry, though doubtless God never did. God might have made a human nature that would not have wrought out its betterment largely through its selfish instincts and the survival of its fittest, and that would not by its rapacity have given occasion for meeting the sword with the sword. While philosophy and humanity have abhorred war as a monstrous though sometimes necessary calamity, it has given outlet to the exercise of some of the noblest virtues and furnished most striking material for the historian, the novelist, the painter, the poet and the singer. The great spirits that have evoked and presided over it have been the great spirits of the age. Nothing can redeem it, considered by itself and for its own sake. But as an agency in human outburst and growth, it has been the thunderbolt that has made the air clearer ; it has been the con vulsion that has torn asunder the obstructions in the pathway of peace. God grant that it may somewhat atone for its ravages today by an early letting in of the sunshine of a better civilization in the three great realms of the Orient, whose fortunes it now involves. In the slow evolution of progress which has not yet taken us entirely out of the brutal stage, it must be regarded as the knife that has sometimes cut the cancer from the flesh. In that evolution its horrors are already alleviated, every resort is urged for its avoidance, and in the millennium it will disappear. But meantime let us not forget that out of its son have sprung force of character, resourcefulness in exigencies, statesmanship, appreciation of human rights, qualities of leadership and of protection to the weak and of battle against wrong, stimulus to like qualities in the bloodless but equally vital struggles in time of peace for righteousness and order, and some of the finest humanities, — even as exquisite flowers sometimes spring from the foulest sod : and that all these things never found finer expression than in your fathers of Northampton and the Common wealth of which she is one of the jewels — the Athens of Western Mass achusetts, as Mr. Bridgman has called her, alike distinguished for hero ism and literature, graced by writers like Edwards and Judd and Cable and honored by the visits of patriots like Lafayette and Kossuth. 166 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION I desire to conciliate you with no fulsome compliment to your community, which in its origin, its history, its consummation, is not unlike many another in our Commonwealth; but I have read its story with a feeling of profound respect and veneration and gratitude. You could today have visited shrines of greater fame, over which are temples wrought by masters of architecture and gorgeous with the creations of supreme art ; you could in imagination re-create from Greek and Roman ruins lying before your gaze the magnificent grandeur and beauty of dynasties that have ruled the world ; you could in ancient cloisters hold communion with illustrious dead who were once the living representa tives of the most conspicuous achievement and the proudest glory of warrior, statesman, orator, poet, scholar and divine. But broader than these is the scope of the humanity and beauty and significance of the birthplace of a town like this, where no broken column or fallen temple tells of the magnificence and luxury of the few wrung from the poverty of the many : where no statue or shrine keeps alive the memory of warrior or king or of any one man who stood out from his fellowmen because their inferiority to him made him seem great ; but where rather has been the self-growth of a people, that common recognition in town or ganization of the equal rights of all men, which could not endure that any child should be uneducated, or that any one caste should hold supremacy or any other should be ground under foot, or that any slave should long breathe Massachusetts air, and which in our generation, expanding in the indignant burst of a nation's heart, has struck the fetters from four million bondmen, and made America indeed the land of the free. With keen interest I have read your ecclesiastical history. I recall the homely houses of worship, with their barren interior of bench and wall, unwarmed by fire or shaded by curtain or blind, the congregation of decorous and sober men who brought their wives and little ones to meeting, or, sending them to the front, themselves remained near the door to guard against attack from without and perhaps by their austere watchfulness to maintain good order within ; and the wig and gown and accorded authority of the pastor, who from his high pulpit preached the word of God and at the same time took a hand in the secular affairs of the town, its taxes and fences, and was at once priest, teacher, politician, mentor, guide, and, in the best and in no depreciating sense, the general busy-body and factotum. Meagre as was his salary, it is interesting to note that he sent his boys to college and that his inventory in the pro bate court shows what, in the Yankee vocabulary of the time, was "a considdable proppity." I am not of those who feel much interest in the theological polemics, the interior church quarrels, the sometimes bitter and often petty dif ferences that were always arising in the churches of our New England towns, as among a jealous, free-minded, unslavish, thinking people they always will arise ; nor do I share in the flippancy with which some have NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 167 lightly touched or ridiculed the old New England clergy or the psalm- singing Puritan. AA"e know better. As we read all history, we see of how little consequence are the dry bones of dogmatic puzzle, of dis tinctions between Pharisee and Sadducee and Essene, of the refinements of metaphysical dogma, and how full of eternal life and sap are the veins through which has run the flow of great moral and religious prin ciples. The wig and gown of the Puritan pastor, the cocked hat and sober demeanor of the Puritan deacon do not mislead us. AA'e know the rich fund of human interest, of kindly humor, of practical sense, of independent thinking and of constant care for the welfare of society, its education and improvement, which made the church of our fathers a fountain of life and of light, and one of the deep imbedded granite foundation stones of the Commonwealth, on which rests its proud superstructure today of college, of school, of good laws, and sound education, and business prosperity, and Christian civilization. Let us not forget the part which the church, not as a building erected by human hands, not as a theatre for the display of clerical eloquence or authority, not as a congregation of sectarians, but as the expression of our common recognition of the divine imminence and of our accept ance of the teaching and example of the great Master as the true guidance of a people, has played in the growth and fruitage of our institutions and in our character as a state, and especially in freedom of thought and in the spirit of independence. The church and state are indeed well dissevered in their machinery; but Heaven forbid that in their spirit and influence they should ever be anything but one. The great flgure in the church history of Northampton is Jonathan Edwards. It is not for me at this time to dilate upon that illustrious name. The metaphysical refinements of which he was a master have long since ceased to be of general interest to this practical age. The terrors of his heated imagination, glowing with scorching fires, are now no more appalling than the memory of the harmless lightnings that re lieved the gloom of a last summer's shower. And yet in his rebuke and denunciation of sin and the sinner he is no more severe than the pulpit of today, though the punishment it now fits to the crime has less of the odor of the burning pit and more of the sting of the outraged conscience. The treatises on the will and on original sin, and other abstruse and subtle ratiocinations, wrought out in his study, which gave him world-wide fame and are marvels of metaphysical reasoning, were written after he went from your town. To us in our neighborly remi niscences here today, he is only the Northampton preacher, who, unlike some other prophets, was not in his own day altogether without honor and is in our day indeed with the highest honor in his own country, but like other local ministers of his time, and our time, had his fret and friction with his parish, which ultimateh' drove the pastor from his charge of the fold. The mechanic, the farmer and the young lawyer. 168 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION who faced him in parish encounter on the issue of half -covenant, but I sus pect still more in resistance to his restrictions on the lighter indulgences of personal life, carried the day against him, as the shoemaker of Marsh field was too much for Daniel Webster in the town-meeting debate. An interesting feature in the local life of the old time is illustrated by the very frictions and quarrels in the church, to which I have re ferred. There were no railroads in those days, creating great aggrega tions of people in business centers; there was no city in New England; there was no great West tempting to distant investment, and yet there were the same tremendous personal energies which in our generation have spanned the continent with iron rails, covered the ocean with our commerce, dug the wealth of mines from the bowels of the earth, flashed the electric light into every dark place, and are now cutting a pathway for the sea between the northern and southern halves of this hemisphere. These energies have simply found a larger field. They were then limited to the town, sometimes the county, less often the state, and found their exercise in the local church, the local town meeting, the local school and the local militia. They expended themselves over the location of the meeting-house, the purchase of a bell, the salary of the minister. As much vital force and strenuous clash of argument went into the dis cussion of the enormity of a horse race, the election of an ensign, the division of meadow lots, the laying out of a highway or a bridge, the conflict between geographical sections of the town for a school-house or a meeting-house site, as nowadays go into a presidential campaign or the administration of our insular possessions or the shrill debate on the tariff. Resistance to the imperious edicts of the Puritan church against "pride in clothes and hair" as "a heinous sin," was as sturdy as the resistance a century later of the Boston patriots to the landing of the tea. They, too, in those days, when wheat supplied the lack of cash, of which there was next to none, dealt with the problems of a sound currency. They had their financial budgets ; they made appropriations not only for the developing enterprises of peace, but for war with the Indian and the Frenchman and the red-coats. They, too, put their public spirit into home manufacture, into sheep raising and wool spinning and products of every sort that their local necessities required. The village tavern was their secular senate house, and its keeper was a man equal to the representation of his town in the General Court, or to the command of its militia in the martial field. I have not thought it my duty, aware as I am of your thorough familiarity with every detail of your history, and bringing you only the general suggestions that go with such an anniversary occasion, to enter upon the work of tracing that history or the interesting local and personal features that are incident to it — especially to your early history, which, as I note also, in my reading of the lives of great men, is usually the most interesting part. That is a work for which I am not fitted, and which has been done for you by those whose accuracy of research and fulness NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 169 of information I cannot emulate. The result, the general drift and progress, are what I see, and as I realize the high advance of these I feel that the motto "Noblesse oblige" should with especial fitness apply to you. If the chivalrous spirit of an artificial caste, nobility of birth, antiquity of blood, distinction of progenitors, put men under obligations to be knightly, honorable, brave and true, how much greater is the obli gation that rests upon a people, who look back upon two hundred and fifty years of a history like yours, to be true to the standard of virtue, patriotism, simplicity, purity and intelligence, which your fathers have set you. I am not of those who overrate the past. I recognize that our civili zation is better than that of our fathers, and that we have reached a higher level in science, art, education, religion, even in politics, and in every phase of human development, even in morals, taking into account our tremendously accumulated and intermixed populations and vastly increased massings of wealth and multiplication of opportunities and temptations for social and financial excesses and offences. It is to the eternal verities of the past that we pay our tribute; and we can do no better work than to perpetuate virtue in the citizen by keeping always fresh in the popular mind the great heroic deeds and times of our history. In this life it is impossible to overrate the good influence on national destiny of a legendary name. Look back to your own childhood and tell me when you flrst grew mature enough to distinguish patriotism from the story of General Warren and Bunker Hill. Who shall say that the tradition of Marathon and Thermopylae did not give us Concord and Yorktown, as it also gave independence to modern Greece, and glorifled the career and death of Byron, and made our own Howe cru sader and philanthropist? Who shall determine how far the mainte nance of the integritjr of our Union has depended on the memory of AA''ebster, and found help in the picture in Faneuil Hall of his great debate with Hayne, as well as in his unanswerable logic? Let us, however, avoid undue praise of the fathers, because the bare truth is tribute enough, and because it is so easy to exaggerate the past. Undue exaltation of the good of other times has its demoralizing side. There is no service or manliness in belittling our own times and men. It is the fashion of every present hour — by no means a new fashion — to scatter the poison of aspersion on all current character, service and society. There is occasion for satisfaction with the Republic as it enters on the new centu^3^ This slender strip of seaboard, on which Northampton at its incorporation was barely a dot, is now an empire so magnificent in territory and population and development that the imagination cannot take it in. Think of what has been done in the matter of education, of public schools, of universities of learning for both sexes and all races, one of which has in the short space of less than a generation made Northampton famous the nation over with the name of Smith College. In science we have unlocked the secrets of the 170 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION earth and the air and the sea, and made them not merely matters of wonder but handmaidens of homely use. Religion has been refined and elevated, and the human mind, searching for divine truth, has arisen above superstition and cant and with knowledge for its guide has rec onciled faith with an enlightened reason. In all matters of comfort, of use, of elegance, of convenient living, of house and table and furniture and light and warmth and health and travel, what thorough and benef icent advance equally for all, shaming the petty meanness with which, unjust alike to the old times and the new, we inveigh against the old times and overrate the new ! At home it is with a feeling of satisfaction and pride that we turn to our own Commonwealth, in every department of her public life; in the administration of her chief magistrate, repre sentative of the plain living and high thinking of her people ; and in her spotless judiciary, which has never fallen below its best standard and whose ermine bears no stain. Shall I prefer the old times, when I see government made today the use, the culture, the salvation of the people ; saving those who are in peril from want and fire and famine; looking after the little children; caring for the insane, the idiotic, the criminal, the drunkard, the unfortunate, the orphans and the aged; guarding the interests of the laborer ; bringing to the help of the agriculturist the best results of science, and building colleges for the promotion of the noble calling of the culture of the soil ; investigating the causes of disease and securing its prevention ; giving to all the people comforts that were once not even the luxurious dream of princes ; pouring out education like streams of living water; maintaining great and generous charities; ex tending the shield of its foresight and encouragement over all alike ; and guarding the savings of the small earners and collecting in its institutions for savings the wages of more than one -half its voters, the depositors therein numbering some eighteen hundred thousand or nearly two- thirds of its population, and their deposits amounting to some $650,000,- 000, an amount nearly equal to one-third of the whole taxable valuation of the Commonwealth, thereby ensuring, by enfibring the fortunes of the mass of the people with the very roots of the State, a security against riot and upheaval which is stronger than vaults of steel or even the ter rors of the law? Can the most ardent dreamer picture a truer social ism than Massachusetts herself? What is your own municipality but an illustration of the same sort — a cluster of homes for all, a hive of industry for all, security and law and order and light and grounds and walks and worship and recreation and freedom for all? What an array of institutions of education, from the famous Round Hill School, asso ciated with the name of Bancroft, historian of the United States and secretary of the navy, to the Smith College for girls, to which I have already referred, with its more than a thousand pupils from everywhere ! What an accumulation of charities — the Smith Charities which, flowing from a will the probate of which was an arena for the contending elo quence and argument in your court-house of Daniel Webster and Rufus NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 171 Choate, has laid the foundation of an agricultural school and made pro vision with strikingly ample liberality for the poor — the Commonwealth's hospital for lunatics — the Dickinson hospital — the Clarke School, which has wrought the miracle of making the deaf hear and the dumb speak — this Academy of Music given by Mr. Lyman — and the Memo rial Hall and Public Library to which Jenny Lind added her song note, and the Forbes Library and the Lilly Library, a triple contribution to the architecture and the literary enrichment of the whole community, treasure-houses of knowledge, inexhaustible mines of education, the monopoly of no man or body of men, but thrown wide open for genera tions to come, to be the free common resort and possession of the people. Grant that corruption exists in high places and in low. Grant that politics too often turn into barter. Whatever the evil, it cannot stand against the discernment which is so swift to uncover and shame it and which will permit it no concealment. There is good token in the very sensitiveness of the public mind, which was never keener or quicker to discover and punish fraud and faithlessness than now. Herein is the source of the beneficence of the modern press, which, though here and there a yellow streak runs through it, throws the blaze of the noon-time sun into the work of exposure and purification. It must not be forgotten that the Republic was not only an experiment in its inception, but is so still. We are apt to judge it by the severe rules of criticism which we apply to completed work. We forget that only a few short years ago it was said that a popular government cannot succeed ; that the popular mind is not sufficiently educated to be relied upon ; that a pure democ racy has in it no stability or permanence, but must go down with the first tumult of popular frenzy; that patriotism will decay without the veneration that attaches to monarchy ; and that in a government of the people ignorance, fraud, brutality and crime will rise by might of fist and lung to the supremacy. The wonder is not that the Republic is not perfect today in its machinery, its character, its results, but that with its monstrous expansion from within and immigration from abroad it has fared so well, and that its achievements are better than its founders dared predict or hope. Tell me what government, ancient or modern, has been more stable or freer from convulsion. Who are our politicians, if not the presidents of our colleges, our brightest poets, our most vigorous divines, our conspicuous merchants, our foremost lawyers, our leading men everywhere? Our politics, at which we rail so much, are what we are. Will you say that there are startling evidences of neglect, when no pulpit is without its fervid appeal for loftier patriotism ; when no class graduates from college that half its orations are not on the duty of the citizen to the State — I wish the boys would afterwards practise what they preach when graduating; when our centennials fairly weary us with the demand, made by all who speak by voice or pen, for national purity and virtue ; and when no political party dares the popular verdict 172 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION that does not proclaim and exhibit its purpose of reform in every branch of the public service ? Let the test of our hope or despair be not so much the severe standard of the very highest reach of the demands of today, but rather the modest trust with which a little more than a hundred years ago our fathers risked a democracy. Is it nothing that their perilous confidence in human nature, and in the ability and inclination of the masses to govern themselves aright, has been justified and not abused ? Is it nothing that, ruled by a mob, our leaders selected from and by a mob, our laws the popular sentiment of a mob, yet such is the prepon derance of the good elements over the bad, of the upward tendency over the downward, of order over disorder, of progress over stagnation, that the experiment has resulted in more than a century of success; that, however imperfect the scheme in some of its outward manifestations, it is correct in principle ; and that it has shown the practicability and wisdom of a government of the people, by the people, for the people ? If there were none in the ranks except the men who have proved un worthy, we might despair; but not when we remember that in every section of the country we still number great hosts of honest and able men fit for every political need or duty. If a period of national de moralization were followed by continued indifference and acquiescence, we might despair; but not when we see it followed by the indignant uprising of the better elements, the wholesome criticism of the press, the outcry of the poet and the philosopher, the sturdy and resolute reaction of that fundamental intelligence and honesty of the people, which are the fruit of our system of free education, and which can always be relied on in the last resort to do the work of reform when the crisis comes. For one I feel no final anxiety. I regard it as a sign of the permanence of our institutions, that today, when so raa-ay mourn over the sadder revelations of the time, a wiser philosophy looks through the ferment that is sloughing the scum from the surface and purifying the body pol itic from top to bottom. ' To be conscious of the malady, in a republic of free schools and a free press, is to cure it. It is easy to raise spectres of danger and forecast perils that threaten to destroy the Republic. But it will meet and beat them. It is flying in the face of nature and of experience to fear that man, with increasing expansion of his opportunities and powers, has, like a child, no horizon of promise beyond his present vision. Why should we, at the opening of the century, with its magniflcent impulse onward, shudder with the same ignorant and ungodly distrust with which the old-time men trembled at the coming of the one just ended? We have brought no dangers that we have not averted, no perils that have overwhelmed us. Why whis per under the breath that in the near years to come men are to with draw more and more from the grinding of unremitted and unlightened physical toil ? Do not you and I enjoy whatever exemption from it there comes to us, and shall not the humblest enjoy as much ? Will it be an evil when science, with its inventions and its use of the illimitable NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 173 agencies of nature, the development of which is now but in its infancy, shall perform still more the drudgery of toil and let the souls of all go freer? Labor and industry, in the nature of things, will never cease: but the progress of the ages will direct them to higher levels of employ ment, never dispensing with their need, but rather adding to their dignity and to the happiness they return. Why, this terror lest those, who have not had the sweetness and reflnements and elevations of leisure, shall have them more and more, as well as those of us more fortunate, to whom it certainly has brought, not harm, but cultures? Our danger is not in the honest though selflsh efforts of either labor or capital to promote its material interests. It is not in the efforts which men, who suffer from the hard inequalities of the general well-being, make to bet ter their condition by theories of social or industrial reorganization. All these things will under natural laws in a free country work out their own salvation. Has the result hitherto been so disastrous as to make us fear either the bettered conditions of the masses, or their ambition for better conditions still ? Faith in the common people is not a fine phrase or a dream; it is the teaching of experience and test. They, too, may be confided in to measure and accept the necessities and ine qualities that attach to human living; and they are not going to destroy any social economy which blesses them all, because it does not bless them all alike. Are not fidelity, patience, loyal service and good citi zenship, true of the kitchen, the loom and the bench? Is there no professor's chair, no clergyman's desk, no merchant prince's counting- room, dishonored? Does, indeed, the line of simple worth or social or political stability run on the border of any class or station? The people may be trusted with their own interests. If it shall appear that any one form of government or society fails, there will always be intelligence and wit enough to fashion a better. Forces will come at command. The instinct of self-preservation counts for something, as well as the elements of goodness and progress which are inherent in human nature. And when all these unite, while there will indeed be change and revo lution, there will never be wreck or chaos. There will be fools and fanatics and assassins and demagogues and cranks, and all sorts of insane or vicious dissolvers of security; there will be convulsions and horrors; every fair summer the lightning flashes and strikes. But all these are the tempests of the year complementing the unfailing sunshine and rain which make the blooming and fragrant garden of the earth. There must, indeed, be eternal vigilance and increasing zeal and en deavor for the right. But can there be nobler or finer service than to contribute these? Or, if you, sleek and well-to-do, and jealous of your fortunate share of good things, fear lest frenzy and drunkenness and vice invade your domain, will you not stop sneering at the reformers, who, in whatever line or of whatever sex or social scale, are trying to breast the torrent, and give them your countenance, your help and your right arm? Shall our forecast of imminent or coming perils unnerve us 174 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION and awake only a whine of despair; or shall it rather put us to our mettle, and to the development of the better influences which alwa3'-s have averted and always will avert disaster? Grant the great accumulations of individual and corporate wealth, with its larger luxuries ; grant this, and, if there be danger in it — as there is — be on your guard. But is it all evil ? Have the multitude been correspondingly straitened and deprived ? Are the homes, the food, the clothing, the literary and esthetic tastes, and the amusements of the toilers, more limited, or do they share in the general betterment? Is the public library closed to them ? Is there no newspaper — a library in itself — in their hands each day ? Have they less or dimmer light to read by than before; or scantier means of conveyance from the city to the flelds and beach; or more meagre communication with the great orbit of the living world, its interests, its activities, its resources ? May we not yet flnd even in this bugbear of excessive wealth, with its peril ous luxury emasculating those who enjoy it and tempting those who ape it, the seeds of the evil's own cure? If it be not so, it is the flrst instance of a corruption which has not wrought its own better life. Need we, indeed, even now, look far off for a day when the vulgar gluttony of wealth will be the disdain of good manners and high character, not worth its own heavy weight, and no longer the aim of a better and flner time? Is happiness, or was it ever, correspondent with wealth or luxury? Are not most men superior to either, or to the fever for them? I do not think it too much to say, that in the time to come, "Give me neither poverty nor riches" will be not only the wise man's prayer, but the "smart" man's maxim and the aristocrat's choice. What refreshment, even today, to turn to examples of wealth — of which there are so many illustrious in your own city — which flnds its most gracious use and its most indulgent luxury in cooling streams of charity and beneficence, flowing broadcast amid the parched lowlands of want and ignorance and wrong. Who in Northampton today forgets Oliver Smith, or Sophia Smith, or John Clarke, or Judge Forbes ? Under our system the easy mobility of wealth is its own no small safeguard and regulator. Not only do fortunes come and go ; not only from all rounds of the social ladder do the millionaires spring; but, even while retained in the same hand, wealth does not lie inactive and embayed, but is coursing everywhere, a trust rather than an exclusive possession to its owner, employing, supporting, enriching, a thousand other men. To hold its encroachments in check, is indeed wise, but to emasculate it and the strenuous enterprise which strives for it, is to cripple not him but them. It is engaged in their service more than in his. It has no existence except in this very subservience to the general use. Destroy this function, and it is but a corpse, worth no man's having. Fortunate is the community, and men do not decay, where under our institutions wealth honestly and normally accumulates. It cannot flll one hand without overflowing into every other. It cannot live to itself alone. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 175 Danger and peril enough indeed; need everywhere for safeguards and forethought! But the world is a failure and man is a lie if there be not in him the capacity to rise to his own might, and to keep pace with his own growth. Are education, science, is this godlike mind, are the soul and the moral nature to count for nothing but their own disaster? Is there no future manhood to meet the future crisis ? Is there no God ? As the dead past buries its dead, so the unborn future will solve its own needs. Ours it is to do the duty of the present hour. True, indeed, it is that the moral level is still a thousand times too low. All this material and intellectual progress has brought with it only a greater responsibility ; and no American, who rises to the true ap preciation of his citizenship and of his descent from fathers such as yours, can for a moment reflect upon the startling and portentous expansion of the nation, its vast wants, its intricate and ponderous machinery of government, its temptations to corruption in business, in politics and in every relation, its present startling aggregations of arrogant pluto cratic power, its tendency in high circles to fashionable rot and vice, without feeling that the great need, the one thing to enforce everywhere is the personal accountability of every citizen for the welfare and dignity and high character of his country, and for taking care, in the noble language of the Roman fathers, that the republic suffer no detriment. AA^e cannot too earnestly impress this duty or concentrate too many in fluences in its behalf, or bring it too straight home to the young men and women who are the most responsible class in the community, though they are least conscious of their responsibility. For this reason it is indeed well to keep always before our eyes what is sterling, what is best in the past. Happy is it that in the providence of God the dead past does bury its dead, but — though the poet forgot to add it — keeps alive its living; that it buries the dead lies, the dead meanness, cowardice, treason, the dead infldelit}', sin and folly, the dead men that have sunk into benign oblivion; but that whatever was heroic and divine, what ever was pure gold, whatever true man lived, whatever good and pat riotic deed was done or word spoken, wherever a AA^ashington gathered into his form the beauty of manliness, into his soul the grandeur of an exalted life, all these the past preserves forever fresh and immortal, but hides under the turf the faults and frailties. I doubt not that Jesus — the great poet — meant this when he bade the disciple let the dead bury their dead. Well may time drop the curtain hastily over its own decay. It is the spirit we want, not the form; the germ and not the husk; the principle and not the event; the thought and not the man. It were nonsense to pay tribute to the memory of the fathers, or to celebrate these centennials for their owm sake or for any other purpose than to utilize the past in the future, to project the lessons, the experience, the better soul of the past into the soul of the future, to make it also better and grander. In the light of mere narrative and boast, the battle, the victory, the congress, even the heroes, are idle tales that are told; they 176 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION might as well have been the flctions of the ^neid or the pictures of the novelist. But for the aid which our dull imaginations get from mate rial associations and the touch of flesh and blood the personages of Shakespeare are more real than the Seven Pillars of the Church of North ampton; the Ivanhoe of romance is a knight better known to us than Col. Ephraim Williams, killed in the bloody morning scout that pre ceded the battle of Lake George in 1775; and Colonel Thomas Newcome and Mr. Pickwick have exerted a more personal influence in forming the character of the Christian gentleman than the example or lives of even the men who created those characters. But as examples of what true men have achieved and of what we may therefore achieve as well — as exhibiting virtue, not as the mere ideal of the poet, but as the sub stantial consummation of a noble life actually lived, the characters and deeds of our ancestors are very fountains of inspiration. The century now opening will be one of moral and scientific growth. The field is unlimited ; the opportunity inexhaustible. Only let us realize the absolute duty of impressing on the leading classes, as we call them, on the educated and religious classes at least, the necessity of their pro jecting themselves out of the ranks which need no physician into the ranks which do. I do not mean the nonsense of class distinctions; I mean that whoever is a foremost man in any sphere, in the professions, in trade or elsewhere, whoever leads in politics, in church, in society, in the shop, must feel that on his shoulders alone rests the public safety. There must be the sense of personal obligation on every man whose natural power or happy opportunities have given him a lift in any wise above the rest. Virtue, public and private, will become easy and pop ular when it is the badge and inspiration of the leaders ; and good influ ences from the top will permeate through the whole body politic, as rain fllters through the earth and freshens it with verdure and beauty and fertility. To me it seems axiomatic that the educated and virtuous in a free state can control it if they will. I would emphasize, more than anything else, the duty of the enlightened classes to throw all their energies into the popular arena. Why should the ingenuous youth, fresh from college, dream of Pericles swaying with consummate address and eloquence the petty democracy of Athens, and himself shun the town-house, where, in a golden age, beside which the age of Pericles is brass, is moulded the destiny of his own magnificent republic ? Why kindle with the invective of Cicero, or the wit of Aristophanes, and himself be too dainty to lift voice or finger to banish Catiline and Cleon from manipulating the honor, the integrity, the achievement, of the fatherland, bequeathed to him in sacred trust by his own heroic ances tors ? Little sympathy is to be felt with the spirit that stands aloof and rails at the clumsy work of government by the people who on their part invariably welcome the approach of the man of culture and will give him place if only he will not convey the idea that he de spises it. It is useless to deny that the scholars have failed oftentimes NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 177 — less of late — to improve their opportunity; and if ever the republic goes to the bad, it will be, not because the illiterate and lax have seized and depraved it, but because the instructed and trained have neglected it. A short time ago, in one of the historical towns of our Common wealth, I was at the funeral, in a spacious village church, of a man whose manly life and sterling character filled it with a throng that came to pay him at his burial the tribute of their respect, not alone for him but for the fundamental qualities of the good and true citizen of which he was a tj-pe. As I saw that great outpouring of men and women of all classes and professions and callings and creeds in religion and politics, it seemed to me not more a tribute to him than to them, or rather as I have said, to the great underlying forces of our civilization of which he and they were a part. I know the elements of selfishness, of frailty, of defect, that were all there ; but stronger, deeper, mightier, were the better things — the standard in the mass being always higher than in the indi viduals who compose it — and I thought how irresistible, in a republic of freedom and education and equal rights, are the personal forces which are the real republic and commonwealth, and which, if only united and devoted, if conscious of their power and of their responsibility for its exercise, can meet any danger that threatens the public welfare and ensure the absolute security of state and society. Two hundred and fifty years ! Two hundred and fifty years of the same intense life we now live, packed with problems that seemed to defy solution, with convulsions that seemed to threaten the foundations of government and social order, with trends in destiny that seemed as vital as the very beatings of the hearts which, through all those years, have burned with patriotic fire. And yet we sum up the two centuries and a half in a paragraph of half an hour; we look serenely back and see only a steady onflowing current which has never broken its banks or gone dry, and which, if here and there along its course it has run over boulders, recognizes them only by its eddies and ripples, laughing at them in the sunshine. Had' it run in some other channel, it would still have found its way to the sea. Will our children's children look back as complacently on the frets of our day? Will they dismiss in half a dozen lines the fever of our debate over protection on the one hand and free trade on the other, or over reciprocity which seems to be their appendix or go-between — over these rending strifes between capital and labor — over the questions whether the policy, which has given all the blessings of our institutions to the islands of the Orient under our banner and to Cuba under its own, is beneficence or imperialism ; whether the Philippines shall be pledged a date for their nominal independence, which if not kept would be dishonor, or a promise of it at some indefinite time which might by its uncertainty and resulting restlessness only delay the special work which is now so vitally important at our hands and which we are doing with such unparalleled fidelity, of upbuilding them in every line of education, industry and full participation in their own good 178 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION government? So far as all the old contentions of the past two hundred and fifty years go, we are in smooth water; may we not trust that the billows which rock our boat today will likewise be to future eyes only the long swell of the thus far safely crossed ocean of Time. May we not trust that, hereafter, as in the past, problems and frictions and upheavals will work out their salvation, if only we meantime see to it that the one permanent and essential element of personal character, which in its aggregate is the public opinion which is the only government we have, either in the state or in society, is kept good and true, the heart clean and the hands pure ; and that whatever in this respect was characteristic of our fathers we preserve, as our children and children's children must preserve it after us ? The age is past, but the man lives. His stepping-stones serve their use and are left behind. His monuments grow dim in the distance. Only his soul survives. It finds no chart except what we reverently call God in His revelation to it in itself. To Him, seated in the individual human heart and guarding the indi vidual conscience, it is responsible; by Him it must set its course. Lord, thou hast been our dwelling place in all generations. Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever Thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting. Thou art God. For a thousand years in Thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night. So teach us to number our days that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom. AFTERNOON EXERCISES IN THE TENT ADDRESS Br EDWIN C. HOWARD, WITH REMARKS B T SAMUEL S. CAMPION EXERCISES in the Anniversary tent or pavilion, began at two o'clock Monday afternoon. 'These were nominally proposed for the school children and so announced, but probably two-thirds of the audience were adults, and the address of Principal Edwin C. Howard of the Center Grammar school, as well as that of Alderman Campion of Northampton, England, was more worthy of the elder portion of the assembly. It deserves to be said, in this connection, that Principal Howard had been an inhabitant of North ampton but a few months, and in charge of the grammar school, when he gave his address, and his accurate and well-framed statement of his torical facts was therefore specially noteworthy. ..The exercises opened with the singing of "The Star Spangled Ban ner," b}' the pupils of the 7 th, Sth and gth grades and the high school. Principal Edwin C. Howard under the direction of Conductor L. Lee AA'ellman. This was followed by AVagner's "Pilgrims' Chorus" by the high school.* The addresses of Mr. Howard and Mr. Campion were followed by the singing of (a) " June " Schnecker (b) " The Heavens Resound " Beethoven The exercises closed with the singing of "America" by the combined chorus and the audience. This feature of the Celebration was one of the most inspiring of the three days, and children as well as parents seemed to appre ciate it. L . Lee W e l 1- m a n Supervisor of Music in the Schools PRINCIPAL HOWARD'S ADDRESS AT a time like this, when our city is filled to overflowing with the thousands who have gathered to celebrate with us the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of its birth, it is with a feel ing of no common pride that we point to our present state of prosperity, to our world-famed manufactures, to our educational insti tutions, honorably known throughout the length and breadth of the land; to our magnificent charities, our eminent men of the present, and it is altogether wise and right that we should feel thus. We converse with the older men and women whom we meet in oiir daily walks and from them obtain glimpses of the men and events of a quarter or half century ago, but how few of us look farther into the past! How few of us know the part which our city, then but a village, played in the stirring scenes of the Revolution ! How few realize the dangers from Indian tomahawk and scalping knife which the forefathers braved as they planted the seeds of the new settlement near the great bend of the river, at the foot of the overhanging mountain ! It seems espe cially fitting, then, that we should pause for a brief hour in the midst of the festivities which surround us to look back upon the earlier days, and follow the forefathers as they went in and out among the rude cabins which their industry had built, to trace the progress of advanc ing industry and culture and refinement through its various stages, from the crude settlement and hardy frontier village of the pioneers, to the present position of power and influence which our municipality holds. We might entertain a feeling of peculiar pride could we know that the early settlement of this region was the result of devotion to some tenet of religion, or in defence of some principle of humanity or lib erty; but a more material motive seems to have been the impelling force. The rich meadow lands seen by earlier explorers, the possibil ity of acquiring greater wealth, the desire to turn these unused treas ures of nature to present usefulness, were the powers that led the three score pioneers to set out from Hartford, Wethersfield, Windsor and Springfield for the fertile lands farther up the river, which seemed to them to fulfill the Scriptural promise of "a land flowing with milk and hone}'." So we may see them, in fancy, during those May days of 1654, wending their way along the banks of the Connecticut, striking boldly across the fields and through the woods along a trail where busy high ways now run and Westfield, Southampton and Easthampton stand, then on until they reached the banks of Mill river at the point now crossed by the West-street bridge, but not finding a suitable ford, fol lowed the south bank of the stream to the spot where later the old South- street bridge stood, and there they forded the river and pitched their camp that first night on the east side of what is now Pleasant .street. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 181 It is gratifying to know that the business dealings of the settlers with the Indians were always of an honorable nature. The land was not claimed merely by right of settlement, but the Indians were paid what they considered to be a fair compensation, namely, a hundred fathoms, (625 feet), of wampum, ten coats, and a few small trinkets. In exchange for this sum was granted all the land along the river from Mount Tom and the falls at South Hadley, to the great bend of the river above Hadley, extending nine miles westward from the river bank. From this territory have been carved the present towns of Northamp ton, Easthampton, Southampton and Westhampton, and parts of Montgomery and Hatfield. The name of the Indian tribe from whom this rich territory was purchased was "Nonotuck," variously pronounced Nealwatog, Nor- wottage, and Norwottuck, meaning "In the midst of the river," and from this fact the name Nonotuck was given to the new settlement. But within eight months of the time of settlement the name North ampton was in more or less common use, and for a number of years thereafter the two names were used interchangeably, and in some of the early public documents reference was made to Nonotuck in one part and to Northampton in another. There were two reasons for the use of this new name. One was that some of the settlers, while still in the land of King Charles, had their homes in Northampton, England, and with a feeling that has a touch of pathos in it, as we look back upon it, wished to perpetuate the name that bore with it the associations of a home far over the seas. The other reason is found in the meaning of the name "Northern town," and as this was the northernmost town on the Connecticut river, the combination of sentiment with appropriateness of meaning gave us the name dear to later generations through its own inherent associations. Every head of a family was given four acres of land within the village for a home lot, and fifteen acres of "river land," which we now call meadow land. For every additional male member of the family three acres were added to the original grant, and with the idea of at tracting and holding settlers of substance, an additional grant of twenty acres of river land was made for every hundred pounds which a settler might possess. But one condition was attached: that there should be four years of actual occupancy before ownership becam.e complete. There is always an importance attached to first events of their kind in a new community, and so it is of interest to note that the first marriage in Northampton was that of Daniel Burt to Mary Holton, the young couple living on King street, where the old Allen place now stands; the first birth was that of Ebenezer Parsons, who lost his life twenty years later in the first Indian attack on Northfield; the first 182 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION tavern was kept by John Webb, on the site of Spooner's market; the first street laid out was Pleasant street, which bore in turn the names of Bartlett street. Prison Lane and Comfort street; the first settler on King street was John King, for whom the street was named, and not for the king of England, as many suppose, for kings were not pop ular with the Puritans in the days of Cromwell's power; the first court was held March 24, 1661, while the first meeting-house was built in 1655, and the first schoolmaster, James Cornish, took office in 1663. History tells us that this same Cornish was a great offender in the line of profanity and was actually arrested and fined in court for the offence. As in every primitive New England village the church and its associations formed the center of all life, we are not surprised to learn that before the settlement had been in existence six months a contract for building a meeting-house was let, although no organized church existed. This building stood at the corner of Main and King streets then, on the spot later known as Meeting House Hill, and after be ing used as a house of worship for six years gave way to a more elabo rate structure and was itself used as a school-house. But though a meeting-house was built before the village was a year old, no definite church organization existed for nearly seven years after the settle ment. But in April, 1661, a church organization was effected, and it is interesting to note among the founders, names with which we are familiar as borne by men whom we meet daily on our streets, many of them direct descendants of the fathers. AVright, Bridgman, Will iams, Mather, Clark, Cook, Lyman, Parsons, Strong, Roote, these were among the stalwart men who laid the foundations of the old First church. No sketch of Northampton's history, however brief, would be just to itself or its subject if it failed to recognize the power and in fluence of this church. At one time the most prominent and influ ential church in all the colonies, if not in the whole Protestant world, with its long line of eminent pastors who have been leaders of thought and speech far beyond the natural limits of a provincial parish, the names of Mather, Stoddard, Edwards, Hooker, Williams, are insep arably associated with the growth and prosperity of the grand old town which is our pride today. In these days of purely voluntary church attendance it is inter esting to look back upon the old days, when every man, woman and child was compelled to attend the two church services of the Sabbath under penalty of fine; when the minister preached two sermons a day, each sermon from one to two hours long, the morning sermon caUed the Discussion, and the afternoon discourse known as the Ap plication, being generally a further treatment of the morning's theme. No musical church bell called the worshippers to their accustomed places, but the long roU of the drum, or, in later years, the harsh blare NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 183 of the trumpet, told the villagers that their Sabbath feast of intellect ual piety was spread. A description of any old-time church service will answer very well for our purpose, for all were much alike. The women seated on one side of the church, the men on the other; the minister in his high pulpit under the great sounding-board: no organ whose music should lift the soul heavenward, but, in the later days the viol, flute and cornet to lead the singing. But in the earliest days these accessories were deem ed unseemly in the house of God, and no music but that of the human voice was heard, as the leader "deaconed" the hymns, reciting a line or two, ending invariably with the word "sing," at which the congre gation would unite their voices in the lines read and wait for the next couplet, and so on through the eight, ten or twelve stanzas of the hymn. In Jonathan Edwards' day, however, the choral church music of North ampton had attained an enviable reputation, and in the middle of the last century the chorus choirs of a hundred or a hundred and twen- ty-flve voices, with organ, cornets, violins, flutes and double basses, must have given a volume of uplifting song that would make the efforts of our church quartets of today seem but a semblance of music as an element of worship which our grandfathers and great-grandfathers knew. Interesting and profitable as it would be to follow the progress of the town from year to year, or to study its development along spe cial lines from their beginning to their present condition, lack of time forbids and we can touch upon only a few of the more prominent feat ures of our history, that stand out with a little more distinctness than many others of almost, if not quite, equal importance. In 1656 Northampton was stirred to its depths by a witchcraft excitement, which, while it did not reach the stage of fanaticism which developed in Salem thirty years later, was still ground for the hiitter- est personal enmities. AVe may smile at the idea of being in. league with the Evil One and by this alliance gaining power to inflict bodily and material harm upon others, but as we read the account of the trials for witchcraft which agitated the Connecticut valley, we are forced to believe that the dangers of the powers of darkness as per sonified in the suspected women were very real to the Bridgmans and Parsonses and Hannums who were the accusers or accused. The traditions of the Connecticut valley are so full of Indian lore that we scarcely need to be reminded that the redskins, after the first period of peaceful settlement had passed, were a continual source of torment to the settlers and their children. With the Nonotucks, the Pocumtucks, the Agawams, the Waronoaks, the Squakeags, the Nipmucks, the Narragansetts and an occasional band of Mohawks wandering about the country, ever on the alert for scalps and plunder, we may easily imagine that a feeling of absolute security from the 184 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION redskins was not generally indulged. Nor would the occasional mur ders of men who had wandered a little distance from their homes in South street, or the slaying of men cutting wood in Paradise, tend to allay their fears. In the Indian war, commonly known as King Philip's war, North ampton played a prominent part. Although, contrary to the impres sion of many, no Northampton men lost their lives in the Bloody Brook massacre, her sons rendered valiant service in the later defence of Deerfield, Northfield, Hatfield, Turners Falls, and in nearly all the more important battles with the Indians, and against the name of many a promising Northampton youth is to be found the inscription, "Killed by Indians at Pasquamscot," or "Pascommuck," or "Capawon." So great was the danger to the village thought to be that in No vember, 1675, martial law was declared and a palisade erected, be ginning at Bridge street above the cemetery, extending down Pom eroy Terrace to Mill River, thence along the north bank of the river to the spot where we are now seated, then to Plymouth Inn, across Elm and State streets to Park street, from there to King street, near the French Catholic church, and back to the starting point. Every able-bodied man was compelled to work at its construction under penalty of a fine of five shillings for each day he absented himself from the work. The old church and school-house was used as a guard house. On March 14, 1676, occurred the only serious and organized attack on the town. Some five hundred or six hundred Indians, pos sibly under command of Philip himself, attacked the palisade at three points, the first on the east side of Round Hill, the second at King street, the third and main point of attack being at the lower end of Pleasant street. At this point the palisade was broken through and in the fight which followed four men and one girl were killed and six men wounded. The death of Philip in 1676 put an end to the war. In King William's war Northampton played no important part, and in Queen Anne's war the Indians in unorganized bands were the main source of trouble. In this connection the Rev. Solomon Stod dard suggested that dogs be trained to run down the Indians, on the ground that they were no better than wolves, and deserved no better treatment — surely a strange suggestion to come from a minister of the gospel. It was in this war that Caleb Lyman, a native of North ampton and one of the greatest scouts in all colonial history, by his shrewdness and energy thwarted a plan for the capture of the valley towns by the combined French and Indian forces. In the next French and Indian war, known as King George's war, while there was no actual fighting in this and neighboring settle ments, the town was fortified. Of greater interest is the fact that the Northampton company did yeoman service in Sir WiUiam Pepper- ell's historic capture of Louisburg at Cape Breton, under command NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 185 of Col. Seth Pomeroy, with Joseph Hawley as regimental chaplain. In a letter to his wife Col. Pomeroy stated that the Northampton company saw the hardest service and suffered the greatest exposure of any company in the command. Again in the French and Indian war of i754-r763, Pomeroy and Hawley rendered distinguished service, the latter having laid aside the chaplain's Bible for the soldier's sword, and Northampton furnished two hundred and seventeen soldiers in this war. When we bear in mind the fact that in 1776 the population of the town was only eighteen hundred souls, men, women and children, we may form some idea of the willingness of Northampton's sons to fight the battles of the mother country and her sister settlements. The effects of the troublous times in Boston over the passage of the Stamp Act in 1765 were not unfelt in the quiet Connecticut val ley. Our own Major Joseph Hawley dared to stand up boldly in the assembly of the General Court and declare "The Parliament of Great Britain has no right to legislate for us," and the same intrepid patriot introduced a resolution condemning the right which the king claimed of appointing officers and fixing their compensation. James Otis, himself a leader in the agitation against British power and ag gression, declares that Joseph Hawley was one of the bravest, truest patriots that he had ever known. But enthusiastic as Hawley was, his fellow townsmen did not so readily imbibe the anti-British enthusiasm. Northampton was slow to respond to the calls for Committees of Safety and Correspond ence, even after the Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party; so slow as to call down .upon herself the charge of lukewarmness in her atti tude, if not even disaffection toward the interests of her fellow set tlements and the colonies at large; but in 1774 a Committee of Cor respondence, consisting of Joseph Hawley, Seth Pomeroy, John Ly man and Jacob Parsons, was chosen. The conservative old town had at last awakened, and, as is so often true, the temper that was not easily stirred burned with the greater fierceness when once aroused. Hawley and Pomeroy were sent as representatives to the first and second Provincial Congresses of 1774 and 1775, and Hawley and Lyman to the third, in 1775. A company of one hundred minute- men was organized with Jonathan Allen as captain; the selectmen bought three hundred and forty-five pounds of powder, a large amount for those days, seven hundred and twenty pounds of lead, to be made into continental bullets, and a thousand gunflints — all to be used in resisting England's attempts to trample down the growing spirit of independence in her American colonies. And all this preparation was none too soon. At eleven o'clock on the 2ist day of April, 1775, a horseman galloped up the village street with the news from Lexington and Concord. The church bell 186 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION was furiously rung as a signal for the assembling of the minute-men : the ploughman left his blade in the furrow, the artisan his tools at the bench, stopping only to seize his powder horn and rausket, and all ran to the green in front of the old church, where militant Christianity as well as the Gospel of Peace had been preached. The men, forming in line, the Rev. John Hooker asked the divine blessing on the right eous cause for which they were ready to lay down their lives. Col. Seth Pomeroy made a brief address — need we say that it was fervid and patriotic ? — and at three o'clock the little company was on the march. That night they camped at Belchertown; the next the tired men spread their blankets on the green at Brookfield ; the night after Shrewsbury was reached, and as the sun sank out of [sight that 24th of April Northampton's faithful band of minute-men marched into Concord Square and Capt. Allen reported himself and men ready for duty. Although the Northampton company was in the vicinity of Boston, Gen. Pomeroy was the only Northampton man in the fight at Bunker Hill, but the honor of the town was nobly upheld by its one repre sentative. The company performed with credit its part in the seige of Boston. In Benedict Arnold's ill-fated attack on Quebec, on the last day of the year 1775, nine Northampton men were actively en gaged. To follow the course of the men from this town throughout the Revolution would involve a more or less complete history of the en tire war, but these instances, quoted from the records of the early days of the conflict, show the spirit which animated the young men who answered the call to a patriot's duty. But in praising the deeds of arms we must not forget the quiet but no less effective efforts of those who remained in the seclusion of their homes; old men, too inflrm to bear the rigors of a campaign; the women, who gladly gave the very blankets from their beds when the call came for more protection for the soldiers in the fleld, and even the girls who knit the socks that were to be sent to the camps, and the boys who cast the bullets for their fathers and older brothers to use in battle, felt that they were having a part in the great struggle for Independence, and who will question their right to the claim ? The records show that Northampton furnished to the war of the Revolution three hundred and twenty-seven men, no less than one soldier for every flve inhabitants. Truly a noble record ! There is but one thing lacking to make our pride in the part which the town played in the Revolution complete, and that is the fact that when the news of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence came there did not seem to be any realizing sense of its full meaning, and while all the towns about held mass meetings for the ratiflcation of this momentous step, Northampton failed to put herself on record NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 187 by any vote or resolution. But the activity of her sons and daugh ters in the actual struggle may well atone for any apparent lack of interest in and sympathy with an act framed hundreds of miles away, whose importance they were unable fully to understand. At the close of the war a half-dozen years of unrest throughout the country ensued, years which the historian, John Fiske, has well called "The Critical Period of American History." The war debt averaged two hundred dollars for every householder in the country, and the average family saw scarcely fifty dollars in actual money throughout the whole year. New England, and the Connecticut valley in particular, were in an especially deplorable condition from this state of affairs, and when a further tax was laid by the state legislature to supplement the funds of Congress and the courts began to impose sentence for non-payment of taxes, we can hardly wonder that an insurrection — the affair known in history as Shays' Rebellion — broke out. Court was appointed to convene in Northampton the last Tues day in August, 1786. Foreseeing further prosecutions and convic tions, for non-payment of taxes, fifteen hundred of the followers of Shays, armed with muskets, swords and clubs, gathered around the court-house, determined that it "should not" meet, and so vigorous was the demonstration that the court was actually unable to sit, and popular opinion was so strongly with the insurrectionists that it was some little time before the court was again held regularly in North ampton. It must not be supposed that all these fifteen hundred men belonged in the town, for the entire population was but little larger than the raob. Many overburdened taxpayers had flocked to the county seat from Hatfield and Pelham, from Hadley and Prescott, from Plainfield and Amherst, all roused to the point of violent demon stration by what they felt to be the injustice of the government, ready to wreak vengeance on the visible representatives of governmental power, the courts. After this first outbreak, however, Northampton took no active part in the rebellion other than to give welcome and shelter to about two hundred and fifty of Shays' men on their way back to Amherst and Pelham after their disastrous conflict with the state militia under General Shepard at the Springfield Armory. It is interesting, though not strictly relevant to local history, to know that fourteen of the leaders, who were, in the letter and spirit of the law, guilty of treason against the state, and had been condemned to death, were reprieved by Gov. James Bowdoin and pardoned by his successor. Gov. John Hancock, though Samuel Adams, then president of the state senate, sturdily opposed the action of the Governor in thus using the par doning power. Our rapid review of the history of the town has covered a full century and a half, and the progress of the nineteenth century looms QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION up before us; that century which one writer says saw more advance ment in human arts and culture than all the four thousand years that had preceded it. The task of tracing the growth and progress which that century has brought to Northampton is greater than your pa tience would bear today, but the story is written all about us, in gran ite and enduring masonry, in the evidences of commercial industry, and philanthropic enterprise. All these tell of progress more clearly than any spoken words could do, and emphasize to our minds more forcibly than the most skilfully worded narrative the story of growth and advancement from the country village with a population of twen ty-two hundred souls, which the opening century beheld, to the thriv ing city with ten times twenty-two hundred loyal citizens in these early days of the twentieth century. Northampton has ever been the home of men eminent in the church, the college, the state and the nation. Stoddard, Edwards, Hawley and Pomeroy have already been mentioned as sons in whose fame a community might well rest content; but each generation has sent out its sons to take up with honor and distinction the work which the fathers have left. Among them may be mentioned Thomas Allen, the "Fighting Parson"; Timothy Dwight, divine, poet and author; Caleb Strong, for eleven years Governor of Massachusetts, one of the purest men who ever occupied the gubernatorial chair, whose worth was attested by the fact that his term of office was the longest of any man who has ever occupied that exalted station; Isaac C. Bates, United States Senator, a colleague of Daniel Webster and an orator unsur passed in Western Massachusetts; Elijah H. Mills, United States Sena tor and a lawyer without a superior in the Commonwealth; Eli P. Ash mun, another member of the United States Senate; his son, George Ashmun, for three terms representative in Congress, and chairman of the Republican Convention of i860 which nominated Abraham Lin coln for the Presidency; William D. Whitney, Professor of Sanskrit and Modern Languages in Yale Universit3^ perhaps the greatest lin guist and philologist of modern times; Erastus Hopkins, clergyman, scholar and orator; Charles E. Forbes, whose magnificent gift to the city is a daily inspiration to higher thought and nobler life; all these and many more whose names and deeds are but little less widely known, have spread Northampton's name from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf. Truly, the fathers have bequeathed to us a history of which any city in the land might well be proud. Truly, our jubilation today is not based merely on the lapse of uneventful years. Truly, the influence of this grand old town will be felt in the fu ture generations and ages, as it has been in the two centuries and a half just closing, and in the years to come may it be said, as in the days now past, "Her children arise up and call her blessed." REMARKS OF MR CAMPION % 'crvt-Hf9 g^K/\^i -^y \K 'yO cxuAA^jdA-a-v^ Hon Samuel S . C .a m p i o n Northampton, England MR. Campion said that he was addressing the children and the future citizens of Northampton. It had occurred to him that they would like to obtain some idea of Northampton in Old England. As in this Celebration there is much dealing with history, he would mention some things connected with the history of his older city, for it was very old. Where here we considered a building very old if it can number 250 years, in Northampton, England, there are buildings nine hundred years old, dating back to the time almost when William the Conqueror conquered England and made Northamp ton a family possession. From this point Mr. Campion went on with an interesting narra tion of the building of the first Norman church and castle in Old North ampton, the history of which was connected with the life of that re markable figure in history. Bishop Thomas a Becket. These buildings 190 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION are still standing, as also a beautiful structure known as Queen Eleanor's Cross, now 500 years old, of which Mr. Campion told a curious story of betrayal and devotion. The ancient town was nearly destroyed by fire, in 1675, and only two domestic buildings exist to day that were built before the fire, and these are related, in a measure, to the religious and political traditions upon which this Northampton in New England was founded. One house was erected by a Welshman, and the motto is still to be seen, "Without God, without everything." The other is known as Cromwell House, and tradition says Cromwell slept in it the night before the battle of Naseby — June 14, 1645 — nine years before your cit)^ was founded. For the town was with the parliament, and rejoiced when Charles the First's power was shattered on Naseby field, which is only about fourteen miles from Northampton. Mr. Campion concluded as follows: It would be easy to occupy a long time by telling you about the history of the old town, from which your city was named. But it would all go to show that Northampton's citizens in the seventeenth century were remarkable for their simple faith and stern devotion to duty — that they were men, men with strong convictions and un- bendable backbone, and that their womenfolk were of the same heroic mould as themselves. It was of such stuff that the early settlers were made, whom the old country sent over to form your settlements here — to create a new Northampton in Massachusetts. Shall I tell you one thing that makes it especially interesting to me to be here at this Celebration, and to have the opportunity of say ing a few words to you? An ancestor of George Washington held the office of Maj'or of Northampton twice in the sixteenth century, and another ancestor of his lies in a quiet grave in a parish church within half a dozen miles of Northampton. On that grave is a me morial brass bearing the Washington coat of arms; and on that coat of arms are the stars and the bars, which gave you "The Stars and Stripes" — j^our. national flag. Yours is a beautiful city, a diamond of the flrst water, set in a landscape 6i exquisite beauty. Your lines have fallen in pleasant places, you have a goodly heritage. You have a noble ancestry — men and women from whom it is your proud privilege to have de scended. Young men and maidens, great principles are yours, glo rious traditions — see that you hand these inestimable blessings un impaired to those who may come after you. You owe it to those who went before you, to the men and women who, by their struggles, their sufferings, their triumphs, made possible the blessings you now enjov. You owe it to those who come after you that the priceless heritage NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 191 of your rights and liberties shall in nowise be lessened or its lustre dimmed by anything you may do or say. Most of the men who came to make this new world for civil and religious liberty were not great men, as the world counts greatness; although they were truly great in all those qualities which are the marks of real excellence. But they made the world better for those who were to come. An old shoe maker named Timothy Bennett — we are great boot and shoemakers in Old Northampton — lived near London in the eighteenth century. A path through a Royal Park — Bushey Park — made the connection between two villages short and convenient for the inhabitants, of whom Timothy was one. A noble lord who was ranger of the park tried to close the path and so compel the people of one village to go a long way round to get to the other village. Timothy said it should not be done if he could help it. He had saved a little mone5^ and he used it all to flght the great lord in the English Law Courts. He won. AA'hen asked why he, a poor shoemaker, troubled to fight this question — how he dared to contest it with a great lord — he modestly replied, he had always had a desire to leave the world better than he found it. Now if the same spirit, strengthened by the remembrance of the fidelity and deeds of a noble ancestry, only actuate you, this beauti ful city of yours and its people mav look forward to a future still more glorious than its past. NORTHAMPTON BASEBALL TEAM Back Row, left to right — George P. O'Donnell, Manager ; Louis E. Peii'er. 1st Base; William M. Kiely, Manager. Center Row — John B. Hoey, 1. f. ; Jeremiapi C. Daly, c. f. ; Hugh M. Devlin, 2d Base ; John A. Roe (Captain), < Dennis M. O'Brien, r. f. Bottom Row — Frank E. Muephy, 3d Bass; Frank E. Goode, s. s.; John M. Coombs, p. James C. Maroney, p. THE BALL GAME M^MONDAY AFTERNOON WHATEVER the future of the great American game of base ball may be, it would be unfair to lovers of the game in this generation and make an imperfect history of the Cele bration, not to include some mention of the game provided by the Committee on Sports and Games, and played on the driving park Monday afternoon. Under the management of George P. O'Donnell and AVilliam M. Kiely, Northampton was boasting in the Quarter-Millennial year of her history of about the best baseball team she had ever placed in the field. It could have been excelled only by the famous old " Eagle" baseball nine of Florence, some twenty-five years before, but the "Eagles" were composed wholh' of home-bred men and the Northamp ton nine of 1904 was made up, as was the custom of the time, of care fully chosen and paid men, found in different parts of the country. The game played Monday was between the home nine and the Springfield league team, and it was fondly hoped by the home "rooters " that Springfield would be beaten again, as she once had been a few days before, by the home team. But the Quarter-Millennial Celebra tion was not destined to have this victory added to its otherwise com plete record of triumphs. The game was free, and it was estimated that three thousand people witnessed the struggle. It was probably the biggest crowd that ever saw a baseball game in Northampton. Not only was the grand-stand filled, but around behind the fielders there was an unbroken line of spectators. To describe the game in detail would be only to repeat a mass of technical phrases which might or might not be interesting to future generations who read this history of a celebration. It is probably sufficient to say that the Spring field team came to Northampton determined to win, and for this pur pose secured "Jack" Hess, the best pitcher in the Connecticut league; so that when the game closed, with a score of 3 to o, the wonder was not that Springfield secured three runs, or that Northampton did not score at all, but that the visitors did not run up their score to the twen ties or thirties. But the Northampton nine had at least the satisfac tion of keeping the Springfi elders' ambitions within reasonable limits. As a matter of record, the score is herewith appended: QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Zbe Score Connor, 3b Connors, 2b Flanagan, If. . Hemming, ib Hale, rf O'Connor, cf Hannifin, ss Cassidy, cf . . Hess, p . . . . Springfield ab b 3 I 3 I 5 I 4 3 3 I 4 o 4 o 3 o 4 I po o 33 8 2 7 I 3 Northampton ab Murphy, 3b 4 Daly, cf 4 Campbell, ss . . . . 4 Crook, lb 4 Roe, c 3 O'Brien, rf .... 3 Sturgis, 2b 3 Field, If 3 Kane, p 4 po 3 4o 13 5 oo I Total 33 8 27 8 I Total 32 Springfield — 2 o o o i c o o o — 3. 3 27 IS Runs — Flanagan, Hemming, Connor. Total bases — Springfield, 10; North ampton, 4. Sacrifice hits — Connors, 2. Stolen base — Connor. Two-base hits — Hemming, Hess, Daly. First base on balls — Connor, Kane, Connors 2, Hale. Left on bases — Springfield, 8; Northampton, 4. Struck out by Hess — Camp bell, Crook, O'Brien, Daly, Roe, Sturgis, Kane; by Kane — O'Connor, Hanniiin 2, Hale, Flanagan. Batter hit by Kane — Cassidy. Double play — Crook and Kane. Time — One hour, twenty minutes. Umpire — Reardon. BAND CONCERTS BAND concerts were given Monday afternoon and evening by the Northampton Band, Albert N. Baldwin, leader, at Bridge- street park. This local organization, effectively organized, gave excellent satisfaction and played with a good degree of artistic finish these programs, which were heard by thousands of people: Concert at 2.30 p. m. March: " Old Friends," W H.Thomas Overture: "Bohemian Girl," Balfe AValtz: "Blue Danube," Strauss Selection: "Down on the Farm," Von T-ik.er Two Hungarian Dances, Brahms Serenade: "Just for Tonight," French Two Step: "Bedelia," Krr. hy O. E. Sutton Concert at 8 p. m. I. March: "Vashti," Fillmore 2. Overture: "Raymond," A. Thomas 3 Mazurka: " Russi La Czarini," Ganne 4. Ballet Music: " Opera Naila," De Liebes 5. Serenade: " Cupid's Charms," Miller 6. Character Sketch: "A Bit of Essence," Rollinson 7. Two Step: "Championship," JMorse The band also participated in the parade Tuesday and provided music for the banquet Tuesday afternoon and the display of fireworks at the driving park in the evening. POEMS CONTRIBUTED TAVO poems were received by the Celebration authorities and will be found following. The first poem was contributed by Charles M. Shepherd, who, writing from Hebron, Neb., and acknowledging the invitation to attend the Celebration, said that he was a great-grandson of Dr. Levi Shepherd and Mary Pomeroy Shepherd. Mr. Shepherd him self is an author and lecturer of considerable renown, whose services are much in request through the Redpath Lyceum Bureau, and his letter and poem were referred by the Invitations Committee to the Executive Committee, who voted to accept the poem and turn it over to the press. Sbe ipsalm ot ©ur ffatbers The earth has had its singer. To chant its joy and its pain. But braAe New England's Psalter Bore the world on its refrain. Sometimes we hear at evening The song that our fathers sang. Long shores of mem'ry streaming. As clear as it ever rang. Out of the forest splendor. Like the sound of a rifle shot. In cradle music most tender. Comes the chord well-nigh forgot. They sang o'er age long bondage. The requiem of its death. Then gave triumphant homage To God, in reverent breath. The organ reeds of ocean Caught the anthem Freedom gave. Bearing that hour's devotion To every shore with a slave. Heard in the falling timber And the axeman's mighty stroke. Heard by the steadied timber AVhere the battle cannon spoke. Heard where the toiling fisher Spun out the length of his net, Heard where the navy's sailor His glorious banner set. NORTHAAIPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 197 The world had never listened To a finer note than theirs, AA'ho reared, though trial chastened, That altar free for their prayers. Then up through twilight shadows. Fragrant from old-time flowers. The breeze from wood and meadows Bore the note of fairer hours. Down from the great lo,g shelter, AVhen the latch-string outward swung Out from the humming spinner, AVhen the hearthside music rung. Then by the lowly cradle. From the noble walnut hewn. From round the laden table. On Thanksgiving afternoon. Voices that bore life's story, As the passing seasons grew. To sing in fireplace glory. The homeland music true. Five times in battle ardor Rang war's jubilant refrain. And five times halter charger Proud, was homeward turned again. The psalms yon heroes uttered A^^ere spoken for sons unborn. Brave sons that never faltered When their colors fair were worn. God grant that we, descendants . Of the nation's royal stock, May ever stand defendants Of right in the battle shock. Teach us, O Lord, the measure That shall cheer a struggling race; May we find truth the treasure That shall round our years with grace. Then sometime, like a leaven. Midst the great Republic's years. Our sons shall hear love's psan Quickening a world with cheers. Filled with a mighty yearning To work Immanuel's will. Their lips with message burning In new Pentecosts shall thrill. 198 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION The following sonnet, written by Frances Stoddard Murray of Cardross, Scotland, came to the Executive Committee and was given to the press. Mrs. Murray is the oldest daughter of Arthur Stoddard and granddaughter of the late Solomon Stoddard, for so many years clerk of the Hampshire courts, and who died in i860. The poem was received Saturday, upon the eve of the Celebration. Sonnet to IRortbanipton For its 2S0tk A,iniversary Northampton! fair thy hills, thy valley sweet. And dear are thy elm-shaded paths to me, AVho fain would at thy bidding cross the sea. My kindred and thy soil once more to greet. And might I go once more to them and thee. How gladly would I haste my willing feet To pass the pleasant June in joyance free. Take greeting from me now, my Father's town ! My spirit is with you on this high day, To wish that you may grow in strength alway. In stately beauty, and in fair renown, AVith learning of the academic gown. Thus, though I may not leave my Scottish home, My sympathy and love shall cross the ocean foam. CONCERT BY THE NORTHAMPTON VOCAL CLUB ^ MONDAY EVENING THE Northampton Vocal Club, which had such an important part in the musical service of the Celebration, has achieved fame as one of the best male chorus organizations in the country, ranking with the leading choruses in the larger centers, and, lest this may seem careless praise, the statement here deserves record, that more than one well -qualified musical critic, from Boston and New York, present at the Service of Song and the concert, expressed themselves surprised at the musi cal showing made here. They said they were looking for an exhibition of country music, but found a musical organization equal to the best in the large cities. But so it has long been with Northampton, as every one well versed in its history knows. The club was organized in February, 1896, by the leading singers of the town, and under the direction of Ralph L. Baldwin accomplished the most finished artistic product, and in stantly sprang into high favor among the music lovers of the city. For eight seasons it had given two concerts a season, which attracted much attention and gave the club an extended reputation. The foot-note on the 250th ilnniversary Program gives an idea of the scope of the work of the club.'*' AA''hen plans for the 250th Anniversary were being made, the A^o- cal Club voted to offer its services to the committee, and arrangements were made for a concert by this organization, to precede the recep tion to be extended to the Governor of the Commonwealth. This con cert, which was given in the pavilion Monday evening, proved to be one of the most popular features of the Celebration. Unique in the annals of anniversary observances, the concert was a most gracious offering of the choicest musical art of the city. Ralph L. Baldwin * " During the eight seasons of its existence, the club has given seventeen concerts, including the one at Northampton, and three in other places. The compositions given number 110, represent ing 69 composers. The club has been assisted by 34 vocal soloists, by orchestra four times, and by string quartets twice." ^ s .m^ ^k!^"^"^' ^ "S y ^K^^^ «^lil^ , ^^^?: o > i*^> .1:-^ NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 201 The pavilion began to attract the people in anticipation of the event, early in the evening. The weather conditions were more fa vorable than for the Sunday evening service, the atmosphere being clearer and the heat less oppressive. A^'^ithin the pavilion seats were reserved ofi the stage for the Governor and his party and other seats in front of the stage were reserved for the invited guests of the city. The scene was one long to be remembered. At eight o'clock the pavilion was crowded to its utmost capacity, many being unable to find places within the enclosure. The club, numbering fifty men, occupied seats on the raised platform, in the center of the stage, with the Boston Festival Orchestra of thirteen men and the pianist, Mrs. Albert E. Brown, immediately in front. The entrance of Governor and Mrs. Bates, the Governor's staff and council, was impressive. As the party entered and were escorted to their seats, the orchestra played "Hail to the Chief"; the audience promptly arose and remained stand ing until the Governor was seated. The director of the concert, Ralph L. Baldwin, appeared and the opening number on the program was at once taken up. The work of the club was equal to its highest standard of artis tic effect. In the heavier concerted numbers the result with the male voices and the orchestra was thrilling. The lighter numbers suffered somewhat on account of the poor acoustic properties of the open pa vilion. The club was given an enthusiastic reception and the applause was especiaUy noticeable at the close of Mr. Baldwin's composition, "The Hymn Before Action," which the club sang with inspiring effect. The orchestral numbers were rendered with artistic finish and the solo by Albert E. Brown was a highly creditable performance of the beautiful bass aria from the oratorio of "The Creation." In response to the encore he gave a spirited rendering of Schumann's "Two Gren adiers." The program was as follows: part ®ne 1. "At Sea," Chorus of Sailors, Dudley Buck From Longfellow's "Golden Legend." THE CLUB WITH ORCHESTRA 2. Overture: "Ruy Bias," Feli.v Mendelssohn Bartho!dy THE ORCHESTRA 202 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION 3. "It was a Lover and his Lass," Shakespeare's "As You Like It." Music by S._Archer Gibson THE CLUB 4. Aria: " Rolling in Foaim'ng Billows," Franz Joseph Haydn From the Oratorio, "The Creation." JIR. BROWN WITH ORCHESTRA 5. " Hymn before Action," AVords by Rudyard Kipling Music by Ralph L. Baldwin THE CLUB WITH ORCHESTRA ©art 'Z\oo 6. AA'altz Song: "AVine, AA'oman and Song," THE CLUB WITH ORCHESTRA 7. Hu.NGARiAN Dance, 8. "The Lamp in the AVest," THE ORCHESTRA THE CLUB Johann Strauss Johannes Brahms Horatio W. Parker g. "The Nun of Nidaros," Words by Longfellow Music by Daniel Protheroe THE CLUB WITH ORCHESTRA Following is a list of the active members of the club : Baldwin, Ralph L. Babbitt, Lewis F. Barnett, Henry E. Binghaivi, AVilliam H. Brown, Albert E. Campbell, Gordon Chilson, Haynes FI. Clark, Clifford M. Clark, Howard H. Connor, James Crosby, Frank P. Currier, Harold N. Currier, Edward A. Deady, Eugene F. Doerring, Henry Dyer, Albert F. Eastwood, Harry P. H. Feiker, William H. Graves, Harry P. Graves, Herbert R. Graves, Thaddeus, Jr. Hanley, Thomas F.' Harris, Raymond B. Haven, Edward A. Henne, Albert F. Hibbert, James J. Hitchcock, John S. Howard, Edwin C. Kelley, Herbert T. Lee, Samuel W. Locke, Owen Martin, Daniel A. Maynard, M. Dewey Meekins, Edward M. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 203 Xash, j. Walter Xash, Warner H. Noble, William Porter, Leo H. Purrington, Edward C. Purrington, Leroy F. Prince, Joh.n' Readio, Charles H. Readio, Frank M. Riley, Herbert E. Roberts, Fra.xk W. Salter. Charles L. Starkweather, Frederick M. Starkweather, Roderick M. Steele, Roy W. Strong, John L. Stevens, Clayton P. Stratto.n, Edwin F. Tetro, AA'alter F. Whitbeck, Arthur B. Wellman, L. Lee AA'iLLiAMS, Henry L. Williston, Robert L. Witherell, John C. Eiecutivc Committee He.nry L. Williams, President Haynes H. Chilson, Vice-President Edwin C. Howard, Secretary AA'illiam H. Feiker, Treasurer Leo H. Porter, Librarian Samuel AA' Lee Harry P. Eastwood R C P T O N At the conclusion of the concert announcement was made that the reception to the Governor would immediately follow, and almost the entire assembly remained to avail themselves of the opportunity to pay their respects to the head of the Commonwealth. Governor Bates stood at the head of the receiving line, with Mrs. Bates on his left. Opposite them were Mayor Hallett and Mrs. Hal lett, and others in the line were the Governor's staff officers, Samuel S. Campion of England, Councilor and Mrs. Richard AV. Irwin, Prof. Henry M. Tyler, Charles N. Clark, George AA^right Clark, Charles A. Clark, Alexander L. Dragon, Rear Admiral Francis A. Cook, and ilajor Frederick E. Pierce of Greenfield. Councilor Irwin was mas ter of ceremonies, and for over an hour the people filed to the front of the platform and exchanged handshakes with the notabilities. This same evening was illumination evening, and Main street was most brilliant with light, the merchants adding to the general brilliancy by lighting their stores, and many private citizens their residences. The display lasted until midnight. F AIR Meadow City ! Robed about in wide And fertile prairie — for thy garment's hem Shining Connecticut weaves round his sinuous tide. And bathes thy beauteous feet. Thy diadem With Labor's and with Learning's every gem Is set, on hill and plain and busy stream ; AA'here'er thy children toil thou cheerest them AVith soft or sturdy nurtiire. Limner's dream Scarce paints to match thee, as thy varied bounties teem. In love and duty we, thy servants, bring For joyful celebration of thy praise, And of our loyal past this offering, A picture of thy recent glorious days ; Thy portrait and our memorial we raise. Proud of thy past, and of thy future sure — Each storied page the passing time displays : Thy budding greatness shall in blossom lure Our pen, if life to us a stadium shall endure. Dk. Austin W. Thompson. THIRD DAY TUESDAY THE PEOPLE'S DAY PRINCIPAL FEATURE OF 3. THE PARADE THE CELEBRATION DURING the night preceding the last day of the Celebration a heavy storm raged, rain fell in torrents, and it seemed as if all the powers of the universe were leagued against a successful close of the great event. But the weather predictions in the morning papers gave hope of a fair day, and by seven o'clock the rain practically ceased falling. Later the sun shone out at intervals, and the day, although cloudy, with a lit tle shower after the parade, was admirably adapted to the successful culmination of all the closing events. AVhile the storm of the night and the threatening clouds of the early morning doubtless caused many peo ple in other towns to stay at home this last day of the Celebration, the multitude which did appear taxed the capacity of the city's streets and transportation facilities nearly to the limit. Steam trains from all direc tions arrived with many extra cars, crowded to the doors, and those who took the electric cars were fortunate to find a footing on them anywhere. The great spectacular event of the Celebration was now at hand, in in the long-worked-for and long- expected parade. The psychological moment of the Celebration had arrived. The Sunday services, the music, and the addresses of the previous day had drawn no such crowds. Those days had been pregnant with meaning to all thoughtful lovers of the old town ; but the services of the Sunday hours and the exercises of Monday were, so to speak, the prelude of the great popular rejoicing which was yet to voice itself in further decoration and the most inspiring Sheriff Jairus E. Clark Chief Marshal of Parade MARSHALS OF THE W. Irwin, PARADE Chief of Staff; Top row, left to right — Captain Richard Clark, Chief; Colonel Henry L. Williams. Center — Cvptain Edward P. Hall; Edward L. Shaw. Bottom — John J. Raleigh, Frederick E. Chase, Frederick O. Jager. Sheriff Jairus E. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 207 Captain of pageantry and martial music. Now the people were prepared to show their joy in a spectacle of the greatest splendor that could be created with lim ited time and means. And this popular love of the spectacular has its uses, even at such a time. When victorious armies return to their homes, there is always the proud marching procession of thousands of human forms, exultant with glory, keep ing step to jubilant bursts of music, and the success ful culmination of all great events has always been marked by popular ac claim, in one form or another, but most generalh' in the way described. So that Tuesday, the last day of the Celebration, may be called pecu liarly the people's day. The popular love of pageantry, show, loud and joyous music, beautiful forms of decoration, and the martial tread of thousands of uniformed men, was to be gratified; and well the people responded to view the magnificent pageant prepared to voice both their civic pride and to entertain them. The enormous multitude gathered upon the leading streets of the city had plenty to see and hear before the parade began. As fast as the bands arrived they were detailed to escort certain organizations, and marchings and countermarchings, with the music, kept the air tremulous with sound for about two hours before the organized column of march was ready to start. Company H. of the Naval Brigade, from Springfield, came in early, and wheeled in front of the City Hall, with a true sea-dog gait, and the visiting companies of militia, with the home Company I, made a greater display of military force than Northampton has seen for generations, to the delight of youthful beholders and the admiration of all, especially the ladies and children. Richard Chief of Staff I R w I N o <; az < NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 209 The crowds on Main street had increased almost to a blockade a half hour before the procession appeared, and this notwithstanding every vantage point of view on all the residence streets along the line of march had been seized upon. Every window in the business blocks of Main street was occupied; the roofs, where available, were utilized, and the sidewalks were in most places so impassable that those determined upon moving from one place to another could only do so by rushing from the sidewalk into the street and dodging the various vehicles. Had it been a fairer day, with no threatening weather in the night's preceding hours, it would be difficult to say where the larger crowd which might then have appeared could have been bestowed. It was a multitude as it was, and, withal, an orderly, well-behaved one ; good- natured and unselfish; every one seemed willing to give his neighbor as good an opportunity as himself to see what was going on, and mothers with small children were treated with much more forbearance than they would meet with in the larger cities upon similar occasions. The procession was advertised to start ' promptly at ten o'clock, and this time was not much over past when the report of two guns, fired by the Naval Battalion, an nounced to the whole city that the order, " Forward March," had been given, and the line moved. To thousands of impatient chil dren the few minutes waiting must have seemed like the "quarter of a millennium" they had read or heard so much about the previous weeks, before the music of the first band in the line of march was heard advancing, and Sheriff and Chief Marshal Clark appeared, with his accompanying troop of deputies on horseback. Then it was soon realized, by citizens and visitors, that here was the biggest thing of the kind Northampton and many other places had ever Colonel Henry L . Marshal W I L L IA M s NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 211 seen — a pageant which, for charm and beauty of conception and arrangement, and for intelligent illustration and typification of the city's past and present, could not have been bettered with the means and material furnished. The route of the procession was from its place of main formation, on Bridge street, to Main, up King to Summer street, from there to Crescent street, Henshaw avenue, up Elm to the watering-trough, thence countermarching through Elm street to Main, down Hawley to Holyoke street, to Williams street and Pomeroy Terrace to Bridge street. The order of procession and description of the important features will be found following: ORDER OF PROCESSION Sixteen deputy sheriffs of Hampshire county: David H. Tillson of Amherst, Myron S. Barton of Belchertown, Lewis W. Pettingill of Cummington, Edward E. Janes of Easthampton, George S. Buck- ner of Easthampton, Josiah W. Flint of Enfield, Reuben Bell of Hadley, Edward A. Allen of Huntington, Edwin T. Hervey of Northampton, Thomas A. Orcutt of Northampton, Martin L. Barnes of South Hadley, Frederick W. Brockway of South Hadley, Maurice Fitzgerald of Ware, Franklin J. Browning of Ware, Henry A. Bisbee of Williamsburg, Seth W. Kingsley of Hatfield — the entire force of deputies of Hampshire county. Jairus E. Clark of Northampton, chief marshal, and staff; Richard AA^. Irwin of Northampton, chief of staff. Staff: Homer C. Bliss of Florence, William A. Bailey of Northampton, Louis F. Plimpton of Florence, John T. Keating of Northampton, Pavid T. Remington of Boston, Eastwood W. Thompson of North ampton, Seth S. Warner of Northampton, John L. Mather of Northampton, Capt. Chester W. French of Northampton, James W. O'Brien of Northampton, Odell G. Webster of Easthampton, Arthur J. Lamontaigne of Northampton, Louis Dragon of North ampton, James Lathrop of Northampton, in cow-boy costume. ffiret division Marshal, Col. Henry L. AA'iUiams; aids, Charles R. Farr, Thomas- J. Hammond, Malcolm D. Patteson. Second Regiment Band of Springfield, 27 pieces. Francis AA'. Sutherland leader ; William O'Brien, drum major. Third Battalion of the Second Regiment Massachusetts A^olunteer' Mili tia, Major Frederick E. Pierce of Greenfield. Capt. Edward E o CJ < NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 213 Sawtell of Springfield, aid. Co. I of Northampton, 60 men, Albert G. Beckmann, captain; Charles S. Riley, ist lieutenant. Co. M of Adams, 42 men, James A. Campbell, captain; AA''illiam O'Brien, 2d lieutenant. Co. L of Greenfield, 43 men, Lyman W. Griswold, captain; Hugh E. Adams, ist lieutenant; Herbert N. Kelh', 2d lieutenant. Co. G of Springfield, 56 men, William C. Hayes, captain; Edward J. Leyden, ist lieutenant; William Butement, 2d lieuten ant. Co. H, Naval Brigade of Springfield, as artillery, with two guns, 53 men; Ensign James M. Ropes, chief of company. The Williamsburg Drum Corps, twelve pieces; Arthur F. Graves, leader; George Kelly, drum major. W L. Baker Post No. 86, G. A. R., of Northampton, 75 men, John P. Thompson, commander; Calvin B. Kingsley, junior vice-com mander. Spanish War Veterans of Northampton, 40 men; James R. Gilfillan, captain. Governor John L. Bates, in a carriage drawn by four horses; in the carriage with him. Mayor Henry C. Hallett, Adjutant-General Samuel Dalton; outriders in continental costumes, Charles H. Manson, Robert B. Weir, Robert H. Clapp, Frank L. Clapp. Carriage, with Governor's staff. General Otis H. Marion, Colonel Edward J. Gihon, Colonel John Perrins, Colonel Jenness K. Dexter. Carriage, with Judge Loranus E. Hitchcock of Chicopee, District-Attor ney Dana Malone of Greenfield, Sheriff Embury P. Clark of Hampden county. Sheriff Isaac Chenery of Franklin county. Carriage, with Superintendent Jacob H. Carfrey of the Northampton public schools. Judge William G. Bassett, Principal Joseph H. Sawyer of Williston Seminary, Easthampton. Carriage, with Rev. Dr. Henry T. Rose, Principal Clarence B. Roote of the Northampton high school. County Treasurer Edwin H. Banister. Carriage, with George Sheldon of Deerfield, historian and antiquarian, and Frederick N. Kneeland of Northampton. Carriage, with Chief Thomas C. Gleason of the fire department of the town of Ware, Chief George H. Byers of the fire department of the town of Westfield, Chief John E. Pomphret of the fire depart ment of the city of Chicopee. Carriage, with Mayor Arthur B. Chapin of Holyoke, xAldermen John J. Kennedy and Moses Bassett of Northampton, Selectman George D. Storrs of Ware. Carriage, with Alderman Edward J. Jarvis of Northampton, Town Clerk Francis A. Loud of AA'esthampton, Selectman Lawrence Malloy of Williamsburg, Selectman Matthew J. Ryan of Hatfield. < NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 21.5 Carriage, with Alderman Dennis J. Meehan of Northampton, Select man A. Drury Rice of AA'esthampton, Lucius E. Parsons of the Easthampton special committee. Selectman Francis S. Reynolds of Hadley. Carriage, with Representative Harry E. Graves of Hatfield, AA'atson H. AA'right of the Easthampton special committee. Selectman Nelson Randall of Belchertown, Councilman Alexander AA' Ewing of Northampton. Carriage, with Selectman Albert I. G. Quigley of Southampton, John N. Lyman of the Easthampton special committee. Selectman Samuel B. Dickinson of Granby, Councilman Clarence E. Hodgkins. Carriage, with Selectman Alartin Norris, Town Clerk Frederick E. Judd, Moderator Homer 0. Strong, of Southampton, and Councilman Arthur C. Herrick. Carriage, with Councilmen Alfred J. Preece, Roderick M. Starkweather, Michael W. Aleehan and Abbot L. Gloyd. Carriage, with Councilmen S. AAllliam Clark, Edgar J. Hebert, Charles S. Beals, George H. Drury. Carriage, with Councilmen Homer O. Adams, James H. O'Dea and Stephen M. Keough. Carriage, with Alderman Lewis F. Babbitt, Common Council Clerk Wil liam E. Shannon and Councilman Harry A. Stowell. Carriage, with George AA'. Harlow, Luther C. AA'right, Selectman John E. Lyman of South Hadley and Selectman Edwin B. Clapp of Westhampton. Carriage, with James W. Heffernan, Edward E. AA'ood, Councilman Thomas J. Burke of Springfield, and Robert AA'. Lj^man, Register of Deeds. Carriage, with City Clerk Egbert I. Clapp, City Marshal George M. Stebbins of Springfield, and Sidney B. Curtis of Hartford, Conn. Carriage, with Selectmen Jairus F. Burt and John Cullen and Town Clerk and Town Treasurer Joseph AA'. AA'ilson of Easthampton. Carriage, with Councilman AA'illiam H. Carson, Tax Collector Thomas F. McCabe of Holyoke, City Messenger AA^illiam J. Walsh of Holyoke, Alderman J. Henry Sullivan of Holyoke. Carriage, in which were seated Drusilla Hall Johnson, the oldest lady in Northampton; her daughter. Miss Sarah M. H. Johnson, John C. Hammond of Northampton and Miss Mary Johnson of Spring field. Fitchburg Band, thirty pieces. .^ L K N ^ N D E k M C C A L L U M Chari. RS N, Fitts' Tkaii Henry L. Williams' Carriage NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 217 Sixteen private vehicles, decorated with paper flowers, in the fol lowing order : Dr. Arthur G. Doane, top carriage, deco rated with yellow chrysanthemums,occupied by Dr. Doane and Mrs. Doane. Miss Harriet E. Fow ler's dog cart, trim med with red and white poppies, oc cupied by Miss Fowler and Miss Grace L. Fay. Henry B. Haven's two-seated surrey, trimmed with yel- lo w and white chrysanthemums, occupied and Mr. and Mrs. Edward Colonel Henry L. Williams' horses; decorations, white Charles W. Kinney's Carriage by Mr. and Mrs. Henry B. Haven, Jr., A. Haven of Florence. two-seated brake, roses with green Horace W Field's Team drawn by two black leaves ; occupied by Mrs. WiUiams, Miss Lucy E. Dewey of Boston and Mas ters Charles E. and Frank Howard Joy of Northampton. Charles N. Fitts' pony cart, trim med with roses and laurel, occupied by Donald C. and G. Norman Fitts. WiUiam A. Bailey's pneumatic-tiredrunabout, trimmed with yellow and white roses, occu pied by Miss Grace M. Bailey and Mrs. Charles L. Sauter. Mrs. Charles N Ha k low Miss Grace Bailey J Howe Demond Henry B. Haven's Carriage NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 219 Robert M. AA''itherell of Florence, pneumatic-tired runabout, trimmed with yellow and white chrysanthemums, occupied by Air. AA'itherell and Miss Mary A. Benway. Charles W. Kinney, top carriage, trimmed with pink poppies, with black centers, occupied by Mrs. Charles W Kinney and C. Milton Kinney. Mrs. Charles N. Harlow, top carriage, trimmed with yellow poppies of four shades, occupied by Mrs. Harlow and Robert C. Kinney of Milford. Myron C. Bailey, two-seated surrey, drawn by two buckskin horses, decorated with green poppies, occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Bailey, George E. Smith and Miss Flora Smith of AA^are. Robert M. Edwards, trap, drawn by two black horses, trimmings of yellow chrysanthemums, occupied by Mr. Edwards and James H. Searle. J. Howe Demond, two-seated open surrey, drawn by a pair of chestnut Morgan mares. The carriage and harness were entirely covered with red cloth, and ornamented with Jacqueminot roses; occupied by Mrs. Samuel Knapp Towle of Haverhill, with Mr. Demond, Mrs. Harvey T. Shores and Paul Demond Shores. Sheriff Jairus E. Clark's two-seated open surrey, decorated with white chrysanthemums, occupied by Miss Charlotte Parks of AA^'estfield, Miss Mabel Stevens of Dorchester, and Miss Gertrude Clark, with D. Eugene Dickinson as driver. A/'ernet E. Cleveland, top carriage, trimmed with white chrysanthe mums, occupied by Mr. Cleveland and Dr. James B. Stetson of New Haven, Conn. Dr. Sidney A. Clark, runabout, trimmed with pink chrysanthemums of many shades, occupied by Dr. Clark, Miss MiUicent Clark and Miss Marion Bartlett of New York. Alexander McCallum, top carriage, drawn by two bay horses, trimmed with wistaria and other decorations of lavender and white, occupied by Mr. McCallum and Mrs. George B. McCallum. Dr. George H. Demming of Westfield, open carriage, drawn by span of black horses, decorations of red, white and blue; occupied by Mr. Demming and Misses Rowena D. and Rhoda B. Warner of Cummington. Dr . Sidney a. Clark > S o NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 221 Governor John L. Bates, Mrs. Bates and Adjutant-General Dalton Secon& 2)fv(6ion Marshal, Capt. Edward P. HaU. Headed by the Bay State Drum Corps; drum major, Francis Parent; Leaders, Arthur Gilbert and Harry BingleA'. Staff of Third Regiment, Patriarchs Militant, Col. WiUiam H. Bruce, Lieut. Frederick P. Mansur and twelve men. Canton Meadow City, David Maxwell commander, 35 men. Canton Chapin, thirty men. Canton Springfield, twenty men. Nonotuck Lodge, 100 men; Thomas]^H. Bolter, marshal. L'Union St. Joseph float. St. Jean Baptiste Society float. Sacred Heart float. Knights of Sherwood Forest, Capt. George L. La Fleur; thirty-three men; Commander, Eugene B. Tatro. Primrose Lodge, Sons of St. George float. zo z NORTH A.MPTON. MASSACHUSETTS 22.3 The A. O. H. Drum Corps of Chicopee Falls, Daniel J. Moriarty leader; drum major, Eugene Aliller; twelve men. Division No. i, Ancient Order of Hibernians, John T. Dewey, leader; WiUiam Godfrey, niarshal; eighty men. Florence Commanderv, Golden Star float. ' MRa. Drusili,a Hall Johnson oldest Woman in Town, loo Years Meadow City Court No. 72, F. of A. float. Pride of Meadow City (C. of F.) lodge float. Shelburne FaUs Mihtary Band, AA'iU- iam Stemple, leader; drum major, William Woods ; twenty-one men. Northampton Grange, P. of H., No. 138, float. Austin Pack.^rd Oldest Man in Town, g4Years •< o NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 225 ^^1?*. Hampshire Lodge of A. 0. United Workmen, in charge of Luther E. Tyler. High Ridge Lodge of Williams burg, Crescent Lodge of Am herst, College City Lodge; seventy-five men. Red Men's Council, Capawonke, float and eighteen men on horses, ridden by Red Men; in charge of Sachem Jeremiah Maloney. Float of the Home Culture Clubs. St. Anne's Society (Florence) float. Knights of Columbus float. Father Mathew Temperance So ciety of Northampton float, dec orated in blue and white, with evergreen trimmings, and drawn by four horses. ttbirO Division— Eastbampton Marshal, Edward L. Shaw; aids, Charles D. Utley, John L. Ly man, Henry M. Taylor. Easthampton Band, Arthur Mc Donald, leader; twenty pieces. Mounted platoon: George L. McEvov, James McGrath, Stanislaus Fu- gere, Frank L. Clapp, George'B. Cook, George Freiday. Town float. Hampton MiUs float. Plumber James P. Ryan, in open barouche, distributing advertising souvenirs. Matthew Carroll A Typical Irish Gentleman, Out for the Celebration Soutbampton Charles S. Foley, Town Marshal. Southampton Drum Corps, eleven pieces, Albert E. Bosworth, leader. X o NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 227 Float representing settlers going from Northampton to Southampton in 1723. Float representing old stagecoach. Float representing "Southampton Independent Street Railway Line." TSaestbampton Town float, representing butter-making. Another float representing old-time sawmill. JFourtb Division Marshal, John J. Raleigh; Aids, George S. AA'hitbeck, Philip Gleason, James F. Martin, James A. Pollard, Charles AA'. AA'alker, Charles L. Gallup, Victor Rocheleau. Short's United States Armory Band of Springfield, Thomas V. Short, leader; twenty -two men. WiUiam C. Pomeroy, mounted, representing Gen. Seth Pomeroy, en -route from Northampton to participate in the Battle of Bunker HiU. Three outriders, C. Preston Otis, AA'ilfred H. and Raj-mond H. Learned. Colonial Drum Corps, Patrick J. McConville, fifer, James Heffernan and William E. Dumphey, drummers. Ibistorical ffloats The First School ix Northamptox. The Northampton High School of Today. Perils of Our Forefathers. MiXUTEMEX OF NoRTHAMPTOX IX 1774- A CoLOXiAL Court Trial. Jpiftb Division Frederick E. Chase of Northampton, chief of the fire department. Marshal. Easthampton's Contribution Comes in Sight NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 229 The Northampton Fire Department, officered and manned as follows: Felix X. Laframboise, Assistant Engineer; Charles 0. Parsons, Clerk and Assistant Engineer; Charles S. Pratt, Jr., superintendent fire alarm telegraph. Chemical A Co. — Captain, Joseph T. Lucier; Lieutenant, Charles A/'et- terling; Clerk, Henry E. Partridge; ten men. Hose Co., No. i — Captain, Thomas W. Hurley; Lieutenant, Thomas P. Waldron; Clerk, John T. Londergan; nine men. Hose Co., No. 2 — Captain, Philip H. Sheridan; Lieutenant, John Shea; Clerk, William Scully; ten men. Hose Co., No. 3 — Captain, JohnC. Black; Lieutenant, John W. Waltz; Clerk, Arthur E. Graves; ten men. Hose Co., No. 4 — Captain, Leroy F. Robbins; Lieutenant, Harry Huff; Clerk, Edward J. Ryan; fourteen men. Hook and Ladder Co., No. 2 — Captain, Edwin C. Addis; Lieutenant, Charles E. Andrus; Clerk, Charles S. Clark; eight men. Hook and Ladder Co., No. 3 — Captain, John W. Ennis; Lieutenant, Timothy D. Sheehan; Clerk, Ralph M. Fowler; twelve men. Steamer, No. i — Engineer, Dwight S. Huxley; Fireman, William H. Hall; two men. Steamer, No. 2 — Engineer, James Lawlor; Fireman, Richard E. Dav ies; two men. Old Stage-coach trom Southampton Hints of the Horseless Age < tJ a NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 233 Siitb Division Frederick G. Jager of Northampton, marshal. The Twelfth Regiment Band of Westfield. Decorated Automobiles as follows : W A R R E X T Risley Hugh McLeod of Hat field came next, with another 24-horse power locomobile of four cylinders. The car was trimmed with lilies and bunt ing, and was occu pied by Mr. McLeod and family and Jon athan E. Porter and family. Hugh Mc Leod, chauffeur. A four-horse power, four-cylinder loco mobile from Am herst, trimmed with yellow poppies, was occupied by gentle men from that town, and Dwight M. Bill ings of Amherst acted as chauffeur. The Springfield Auto mobile Company had the first car in line, entered by Frederick G. Jager, marshal of this division. This was a 24-horse power car, of the locomo bile touring type, and was trimmed with yellow chrys- anthemums. It was occupied by Mrs. Frederick G. Jager and Mrs. Tillie C Bosworth of Northampton and Henry Allen of Greenfield. Frederick G. Jager, chauffeur. W A R R E X M . K I X G ' A U T n Frederick ^V B e m ii; n t Edgar F Crooks' Auto K I) w A K 1' E . ^^¦ o u 1) , Jr. Frederick G. Jager NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 23.5 Eugene E. Davis appeared with a Packard touring car, conveying a dainty load of young misses. The car was trimmed with white poppies and the girls were dressed in white and wore black poppy hats. They were Alisses Elizabeth Pearson, Catherine Clark, Dorothy S. Davis, Arlene C. King, Helen Ross, Helene C. Kings- ley and Esther H. Mather. Mr. Davis officiated as chauffeur. Charles AA' Johnson was chauffeur of a Holyoke touring car, which came next. A locomobile surrey, trimmed with pink and white chrysanthemums, was occupied by four boys dressed in dainty white costumes ; they were Henry E. AA'ood, John L. Nichols, Harold B. AA'mchell and Joseph O. Daniels, Jr. Edward E. AA'ood, Jr., was chauffeur. In a Stevens-Duryea car, decorated and nearly covered with red pop pies in three shades, was Edgar F. Crooks accompanied by three children dressed in dazzling white costume. They were AIiss El eanor P. Spencer, Master Chester C. Alarsh and Master Laurence E. Crooks. Lewis E. Warner appeared in a locomobile surrey, trimmed with bunt ing and flowers, accompanied by Ralph E. Harlow, Karl W. Brad- lejr and Misses Ethel P and Carolyn E. Clapp. Thomas Gerry's locomobile was trimmed with yellow poppies and occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Gerry. Arthur L. Kingsbury guided a Stevens-Duryea car and it was trimmed with evergreens and roses. Miss M. Elizabeth Miller accompanied Mr. Kingsbury. A car of the Rambler type was occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Frederick AA'. Bement. It was decorated with white chrysanthemums on red ground; the body of the machine was solid white and the wheels were covered. Mrs. Bement was dressed in white. A locomobile surrey, trimmed with white and pink roses, was driven by Forrest G. Kirsch, and was also occupied by Miss Christine L. Kirsch, Miss Florence H. Jager and Roy S. Armstrong as bugler. Dr. William H. Baxter was accompanied by his family in a Rambler, trimmed with flowers and bunting. A Warwick machine, trimmed with white poppies and bunting, was occupied by Warren T. Risley. Willis F. Anderson of the Springfield Automobile Co. occupied a Ste vens-Duryea machine, trimmed with roses and carnations, and was accompanied by Mrs. Anderson. The Springfield Automobile Co. was also represented by Charles A. Longeway, in a locomobile surrey, trimmed with yellow chrys anthemums, and Mr. Longeway was accompanied by Mrs. Longe way. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 237 Adam J. Englehart was in line with an automobile of his own con struction, made in Northampton. Frederick C. Deuel of Springfield conducted, alone, a machine trimmed with roses and poppies. Arthur H. Rogers of Springfield was unaccompanied. Willis A. Ford of Springfield had a machine trimmed with roses and poppies. Frank H. Metcalf of Holyoke, unaccompanied. Eugene E. Davis A View Looking Down the Street, near the City Hall < < PL, Q-^,'. mto NORTHAMPTON, AIASSACHUSETTS 255 it would have received a prize, but it turned off the main line of march before reaching the reviewing stand, and was not therefore seen by the judges. Next of Southampton's stirring contributions to ©io--iFaBOionED ^^^ parade was an old-fashioned stagecoach, pla carded, "Northampton to Southampton, U. S. Mail, 1809." This feature was the result of an interesting correspond ence which Postmaster and Town Clerk Frederick E. Judd had with the post-office department at AA'ashington. He wrote, asking for the facts concerning the record of this route, and received a courteous reply, accompanied with expression of wishes that it might be of help in the parade. This was the route: No. 51 — From Hartford, Conn., by Suffield, Westfleld, Southampton, Hatfield, Whately, Deerfield, Greenfield, Bernardston, Hinsdale, Brattleboro, Putney, AA'estminster, Walpole, Charlestown, Claremont, Cornish, Windsor, Hartland and Plainfield to Hanover; service to be two times a week; route 180 miles long, connecting twenty -two post-offices in four states. The occupants of the float were dressed in old-time costumes and were Mr. and Mrs. Edward K. Parsons, Mrs. Edward B. Lyman, Orlando C. Searle, Mrs. Sylvester P- Coleman and two children, Elmer and AUce, Mr. and Mrs. Edward B. Lyman, Mr. and Mrs. Charles P- Grid- ley, Mr. and Mrs. Charles B. Lyman, Mr. and Mrs. William S. Lyon, George A. Gorton and George D. Hannum, with Willard P- Sherman as driver. In the next of Southampton's floats appeared what Southampton was deemed by many the cleverest hit of the daj-. JSailwab This was labeled over the top, " Southampton In dependent Railroad Co. Cars leave every min ute." This imitation was well carried out in every detail, and the realistic way in which the conductor rang up the fares and started and stopped the car by the regulation bell tap, was received with ap plause all along the route. This exhibition prompted the Easthamp ton A'eu's to voice the hope of some Southampton people that it would ' ' soften the hearts of the neighboring street railway directors and bring the veritable broomstick car to town." The occupants of the car float were pupils of the Southampton Grammar school — Marcus E. Lyon, Sumner S. Coleman, Joseph E. Coleman, Sadie M. Carrier, Eliz abeth M. Duggan, Helena K. Yenwiski, Julia E. Norris, Cecille M. t Ki^ ?J D NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 257 Fowles, Bernard F. Fowles, Fred W. Sherman, George A. Sherman, Reynolds J. Sherman, Franklin H. Sherman, Bertha K. Parsons, Edith S. Lyman, Mira Poler, Helen K. Norris, Clare S. Woodbury, Roy J. Woodbury, Ida R. Olds, Mrs. Allen Smith, Allen H. Smith, Gertrude L. Smith, Helen K. Judd, Edith M. Peck, Flora A. Dalton, NeUie M. Dickinson, Mrs. Frank R. Boyd. The float was driven by Allen Smith . The Southampton line was closed up by Mr. and Mrs. Frank R. Boyd, who drove a handsome pair of bays. "CClestbampton Westhampton was represented by two floats, ^uttEC JUaafting and one, under the direction of Selectman Ed- ©ItiEn (SCimE? ^^^ ^- Clapp, showed butter making in the old en times. The decorations were of yellow and white. The float was handsomely trimmed and was drawn by four gaily-dressed horses, who wore white coverings, with a border of yellow buttercups. On the outside of the float was the inscription, "West hampton Dairying, 1754." In the float was an old-fashioned fireplace, with warming pans, pots and kettles and old-fashioned furniture. Clayton A. Bartlett and Miss Grace H. Kingsley represented the but ter maker and his wife. Miss Adah M. Judd the grandmother, and Herbert W. and George E. Clapp, the younger members of the family. They were busy turning the old-fashioned churn, and butter making was in progress during the ride. Mahlon K. Parsons was the driver, assisted by Ephraim S. Smith, Lyman K. Bridgman and William Adams. The second of the Westhampton floats represented the S ttimiH sawmill and lumber interest of this town, in primitive and modern style. The float was twenty-two feet long and eight feet wide, and eleven feet six inches from the ground, and was drawn by four horses. Two mills were in operation, getting their power by means of belting attached to the wheels of the wagon. One mill had the old-fashioned up-and-down saw with pit and hand power in operation, and the other the modern way of the circular saw and carriage. Lumber was being made during the progress of the proces sion, and a force of men kept busily at work. This float was under the direction of Selectman Dwight S. Bridgman. A X O T H E R \' I E W OF THE W E S T H A M P T O X F L u A T 'Same Old Crowd' Patriarchs .Militant Nonotuck Lodge, I. O. O. F. < in THE MANUFACTURING FLOATS Next to the town and historical floats, probably the display made by the different manufacturing industries of the city were the most important and interesting. They were constructed at a great expense and contributed largely to the enthusiasm of the day. The Florence silk mill exhibit was made in a six-horse j^onotutft coach with the horses decorated in white, with white florEncE* harnesses, white and red plumes, blankets white, let tered "Corticelli" in red, white fringe with a border of red poppies. The coach was decorated with white bunting, with white festoon paper for background, trimmed with red poppies. Large gold eagle in a panel on each side; large red silk banner with word "Corticelli" in gold leaf. The driver and guard were costumed in white with brass buttons and tall white hats. There was a coaching horn, bearing a red silk banner, lettered "N. S. Co., 1904." The occupants were Irene K. Andrus, Lizzie M. Burkett, Mary A. Curran, Nellie G. Fitzgibbon, Katherine Fitzgerald, Mabel F. HaU, Mary E. Lovett, Jennie A. Noyes, Nellie G. Whalen, Katherine G. Ahearn, Katherine I. CantweU, NelUe A. Doyle, Margaret E. Fahey, Ahce V. Hogan, Mary A. Hogan, May E. Langdon, Nellie T. O'Brien, Margaret G. O'Brien, dressed in white, with white hats trimmed with red poppies. This float was designed and arranged by Sibley H. Keyes and Joseph H. Shearn. The Leeds silk mill was represented by a Japanese pa- j^onotucfe goda and tea garden, drawn by six horses, with red %tzi)i °* blankets, yellow fringe and word "Corticelli" in gold letters. There were red plumes on the bridles, and the horses were led by six men in Japanese costume, as follows: George H. Tower, Ubalde J. Chagnon, Albert Gendreau, WiUiam Moffit, Anthony Young and Clarence A. Lilly. The float had two decks, each surrounded by bronze railing. The upper one was surmounted by a large Jap anese umbreUa and occupied by Japanese girls engaged in needlework; there were also tea tables with two Japanese girls serving tea. The lower deck was occupied by four Geisha girls and girls reeling silk. The general effect was red and gold. The raiUng of the upper deck had dragons supporting small Japanese lanterns. The occupants were Mary Sarah Lafrenier, Josephine M. Lafrenier, Sophia M. Belemer, Alice A. Belemer, Georgiana A. MaiUioux, Dora F. Carpenter, Lucine o u zo NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 263 T. Brisbois, Eva R. Bedard, Lizzie V Hannigan, Ora E. Chaquette, Alma A. Versaw, Florence D. A'ersaw, Delema R. Gougeon, Jessie E. Lee, Sophronia Young, Laura Moffit, Lucy Desmarais, Rose Desma- rais, all wearing Japanese kimonas. The float was designed and arranged by Sibley H. Keyes and Joseph H. Shearn. The Haydenville silk mill gave a representation laonotucfe of Columbia. The float was drawn by six horses, SapftEnVjifiE with red, white and blue plumes and blue blankets, with white fringe and stars, each horse ridden by a man in artillery uniform and carrying a United States flag. The float was built up in pyramidal form and was surmounted by the God dess of Liberty. Uncle Sam was in front, with two infantrymen and two sailors at the corners. There were twenty-one young women, dressed in white with sashes of red, white and blue, thirteen of them holding banners representing the thirteen original states. There was a large blue silk flag at the rear, with the word "Corticelli" in gold leaf. The general effect was red, white and blue. The horses were ridden by Frank J. Rowe, William Lawler, Frank T. Crotty, Wilfred J. Lavalle, Edward G. Richards, and Adlore Lavalle. The occupants were Mary L. Linnehan, Goddess of Liberty; Kate H. Linnehan, Mar garet A. Linnehan, Kate R. Coogan, Margaret Welch, Margaret Cadi- gan, Ella M. Thompson, Eva A'^igneau, Florence A. Semineau, Eva V. St. Lawrence, Josie M. Shea, Margaret G. Heffernan, Emma Danse- reau. Rose A. Brown, Kate L. O'Donnell, Annie V Welch, Lizzie K. Burke, Mary N. Prince, Annie L. Kearney, Gertrude F. Bardwell, Stella W Hill, Louis J. Carpenter, George 0. Lavalle, infantrymen; Henry N. Brown and Joseph H. O'Donnell, sailors; John E. Ahearn, Uncle Sam. This float was also designed h^/ Sibley H. Keyes and Joseph. H. Shearn. The float of the Belding Bros.' silk mill represented ^S^'I^S.^^"^"' an old Viking ship with its crew, and several weeks ;f,iffi3liaiH i_ J t, ^ -^ J ¦ ^u A i had been spent on its preparation, m the yard of the company, close by the mill, attracting considerable attention from the nearness of the work to the street. Public curiosity in the neigh borhood was therefore considerably interested and no one was disap pointed when the completed work appeared. The decorations of the float were yellow, white and gilt, with ropes, oars and equipment. The crew were costumed in white and yellow and ths footmen were dressed McC.allum's Hosiery Mill NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 267 in white. The occupants were blisses Odelia A. Belanger, Marie L. Charlebois, Orphanie M. Gauthier, Adala Galon, Ora Parent, Lea M. Parent and Mabel Young, and. they wore dainty costumes of white and yellow. The float was designed by George A. Murray of Springfield, assisted by employes of the company. This float, 2 0 by 12 feet and drawn by six horses, ifiocEnce represented a magnified Prophylactic Tooth Brush «tompan? ^lox. This being the tooth brush known the world over as the one "always sold in a yellow box," the prevailing colors were yellow, red and black. Five men were dressed in yellow and red, and there were two footmen in colors. There were two cornet soloists, and on the rear of the float two tooth brushes flve feet long. In all there were thirty girls and seven men on the float, dressed in colors to harmonize with the general color scheme of the float. They were Misses Mamie T. McBride, Edna H. Van Slett,. Clara Manning, Lizzie M. Hogan, Lizzie G. Connelly, Mary Finn, Evelvn M. Beaupre, Hattie B. Cassin, Emily D. Cassin, Marie Courchene, Josephine D. Evers, NeUie K. Powers, Julia M. Smith, Lizzie G. Latham, Sadie L. Askins, Annie M. Tewhill, Julia Packard, Jane A. Crean, Harold Cur rier, William O. Hubbard, Louis Beaupre, Michael Shea, Annie M. Halpin, Monda La Mountaine, Julia I. Cashman, Rose Mooney, Nellie Eagan, Kittie M. O'Neil, Esther L. Murphy, Lizzie G. Murphy, Kate F. Shannon, Nellie Shannon, Alice Johnson, Mamie F. Landy, Howard F. Baker, Edward J. Gustafson and Charles Heath. This float, designed and arranged by the employes ^fe'''"j[BiH °^ *^^ McCallum Hosiery Company, represented a mode of wearing silk tights several centuries ago, such as are now manufactured by the exhibitor for stage purposes, and was made to simulate a white marble Italian terrace, throned upon which was a princess surrounded by her court of knights and ladies, to whom a Spanish peddler was exhibiting his brilliant silken hose. The ensemble was extremely effective, for no detail was omitted to perfect the delusion. The apple tree in full bloom, which shaded the princess and her ladies, the golden urns flUed with flowers, festoons of roses, the green velvet carpets, all aided in taking one back in fancy to the gorgeous court shows of the sixteenth century. All the properties, from the white and gold costumes worn by the Float of the St. Jean B APTISTE Soci: NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 269 two little pages, who carried the princess' purple and ermine mantle, the scarlet velvet saddle blankets and trappings, which covered the dapple gray horses, were furnished by the theatrical costumers, A. Koehler & Co. of New York, while the silk tights were manufactured by the exhibitor. The horses were furnished by Thomas J. McGrath of Northampton and were driven by Edward Breor of Hatfield. The people of the float, employes of the McCallum Hosiery Com pany, were: the Princess, Lilly M. Hill; court ladies. Misses Mildred E. Drexel, Margery R. Johnston, Katherine L. O'Connor, Ethel F. March; four pages leading horses, John Hodge, Earl C. Oefinger, Fred N. Stev enson, Clifford March; two pages, in white and gold. Master Harold Alpin, Master Ernest Tomlinson; attendant courtiers, John J. Egan, Sidney March, William H. Drexel, Ovilla J. Rivers, James H. Burns, Napoleon J. Paquette, Norris March, George S. Watson, Charles H. O'Donnell, George A. Briggs; peddler, J. Leonard Meisner. 5 o c 1 i T r F Z o 'a t ~s No one class or section of Northampton people entered into the spirit of the Celebration with more enthusiasm and fervor than the French-American societies. Five of their organizations were repre sented in the line of march and four of them constructed for the occa sion costly and handsome floats. As a matter of fact, the French peo ple understand the art of celebrating, and have for generations. They have made the subject a fine art, and their something more than vol atile — jubilant — natures respond to the requirements of such an occasion with ready tact and great generosity. So it was at the Quar ter-Millennial Celebration. From the very inception of the enterprise they were alert and wide awake to the importance of the undertaking, and responded promptly. All did well, but the French-American * people were not excelled. Those public-spirited leaders of their race, Victor Rocheleau and Adolphe Menard, were prominent in the work of preparation and these were members, respectively, of the Provisional Committee of fifteen and the Executive and Finance Committee. The oldest French society in the city is the St. Jean ^aint SEan Baptiste society, and it turned out its full membership, ;§i«iEtp i^ regalia, with banner, and two new silk flags, ordered for the occasion. It produced a float of much compre hensiveness, having several significations. It was constructed on a 270 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Objects on the St. Jeax Baptiste P'lua' platform sixteen feet long by eight feet wide. In the center was a beehive made of straw, representing Industry. About this hive were six persons, and on top of the hive were the American coat of arms and the star-spangled banner, with the French flag. At the right of the American coat of arms Miss Lena A. Paquin stood in a costume spangled with stars. She wore on her head a crown of laurel leaves, surmounted by an eagle, representing the United States. At the left Miss Delia Menard was in a costume of white, with a green scarf and crowned with maple leaves, surmounted by a castor, typifying Canada. In the center of the hive stood Miss Marie i\ntoinette Laframboise, arrayed in white and leaning on a cross, representing Charity. Miss Anna M. Menard wore a blue costume and leaned upon a heart-shaped shield, representing Fraternity. Miss Flora Menard wore red and held scales typifying Justice; and young Arthur Dragon, in the costume of the youthful St. John Baptist, held the cross and represented the soci ety of that name. In front of the hive there was a garden of natural NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 271 flowers, and in this stood a monument eight feet high, on which was lettered, "In honor of our French boys who went from Northampton to fight for the glory of the American Republic." On one side of the monument was also lettered the names of thirty-two French patriots who served during the Civil war, and on the other side the names of fourteen who served in the Cuban and Philippine campaigns. At the right of the monument stood Moses Tessier, one of the soldiers of the war of the rebellion, from i860 to 1864, and at the left Roderique Dragon, brother of one of the brave French boys who died from the effects of the Cuban war. At the four corners of the car were four ite, St. Jeax B.^ptiste Society personifications — Philias Tardiff, representing Washington; Theophile Dragon, personifying an Indian; John Baptist Venne, representing Lafayette, and Alfred H. Savard, personifying Jacques Cartier. The decorations of the float were very fine, and on top, sides and back of the float the American coat of arms appeared, with the dates 1654 and 1904; at the right "Societee St. Jean Baptiste, founded in 1870"; at the left, "Societee St. Jean Baptiste, incorporated in 1873." At St. Joseph''^ Societv Float, No. i St Joseph s bociET\- Floa± No. 2 NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 273 the bottom of the four corners appeared the names, Washington, Non otuck, Lafayette, and Jacques Cartier. The float was drawn by four horses and driven by Josiah L. Briggs, who was costumed to repre sent Uncle Sam. The float was made after plans and under inspection of the president of the society, Adolphe Menard. The St. Joseph Society (L'Union St. Joseph) turned out with full ranks, with new badges, and carrying a banner and two new silk flags. Their float represented two scenes. One showed Generals Washington, Lafayette and Rocham- beau in uniform, at a council of war which history records took place H'Zanion;t(aint f o?Ep6 St. Joseph' Society in the vicinity of Harlem and Kingsbridge. Sitting on their horses, on the hills of Kingsbridge, as witnesses of this battle, were the three generals named, and later they held the council which the float pic tured. The other scene, on the same float, represented Lafayette on his 274 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION way through Northampton in 1825, en route to Boston. Lafayette was the bosom friend of Washington, and a dashing young officer who left a home of comfort and luxury, to share the toils and sufferings of the American soldier, and the scene pictured him as being enter tained in Northampton by the Hon. Isaac C. Bates. The thought of the designers of this float — to also combine in it a representation of this important event — was a happy one, and the managers were fortunately able to procure for the actor personifying Mr. Bates in this scene, a suit which was worn by Mr. Bates and is still kept in the Bates family. As in 1825, six little school children, Nora Lancour, Flora Bernier, Etta Morin, Eveline Lancour, Laura Marier and Rachel La Fleur, were strewing flowers on the path of Lafayette. The float was drawn by four horses, John W. Slattery, driver; it was of an ellip tical shape, blue in color, trimmed with white flowers and national colors. Joseph F A. Gosselin represented Washington, Victor Bernier, Jr., represented Lafayette and Alfeiie Morin represented Rochambeau. In the council of war Frank Z. Lepine represented Hon. Isaac C. Bates and Joseph 0. Hebert personated Lafayette, on his way to Boston. " Uncle Sam " was given an extremely appropriate personation in AVilliam H. Sperling, whose physical proportions were admirably adapted to the personation. The float was escorted by twelve men of St. Joseph's Guard, in gray uniform, with Napoleon La Plant as captain. Following the float and the members of the society, immediately preceding the officers, was a globe of large size, surmounted by an American eagle, representing the United States. The sentiment of this exhibit was that the American eagle, as the favorite emblem of the nation, carries in its flight, on its unfolded wings, the light of Amer ican ideas and civilization, to the people of the world, and therefore it was chosen by the committee of arrangements of the society to oc cupy a conspicuous position in the great Celebration. The globe and eagle were drawn by twelve boys of the Sacred Heart school : Rod erick Marier, Leo Marier, Evain Bouthillette, Arthur Lancour, Albert Hebert, John Finton, Alfred Hebert, Oscar Desmarais, Oscar Godette, Charles Desmarais, Alexander Barbeau and Ernest St. Jacques. They were driven by little Eva Rose De Grandpre, who, seated on the float, was supposed to guide the boys named, by twelve red, white and blue ribbons attached to their persons. The float and globe were designed by Victor Rocheleau. The committee of arrangements were Her- NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 275 man A. Despault, president; Joseph F. A. Gosselin, secretary; Richard B. A. Dominique, treasurer; Victor Rocheleau, Alcide Brazeau, Alfred Lemerise, James 0. Morin and Alexander Barbeau. An unfortunate after -incident was the accidental burning of the entire float and globe, with its decorations, shortly after the Celebration, and the society was left to mourn over a heap of ashes. The youngest French-American organization in the city ,§attEb is the Sacred Heart Cadets, and it appeared with an CabEts artistically arranged float, representing General Washing ton crossing the Delaware. The great hero was person ated by Obie Briant, and his brave companions by Napoleon Bernier, Arthur Lebeau, Joseph Paquette, Ernest La Fleur, Alexander Van- asse, Ernest Dubois, Willie Thibodeau, Stephen Morin, Nelson Du- teau, Aime Bouthillette. When the procession reached the Sacred Heart church, on King street, the school children, gathered there, sang the national anthems, "America," "The Star Spangled Banner" and "The Red, White and Blue." Their spirit of enthusiasm was increased by the friendly recognition of the Governor and his staff. Court Duvernay, No. 93, Foresters of America, was es- Coutt corted by the members of Lafayette Conclave, Knights j^^oTS?^' °^ Sherwood Forest. The court put on a float which rep resented two scenes. The first part pictured General Marion in council; the second illustrated the benevolent system of the society. There was a forest scene, with a stag in the background, and General Marion was in council with five soldiers, in a log cabin. The society's benevolent system was illustrated by a sick man on a cot, with acts of sympathy being shown by the four stations of the order. . The occupants were AA^illiam Chouinard, Napoleon Dragon, Joseph Ladouceur and Hermenegile Arel, Indians; Avetus Vanasse, Marion; Aristide Vanasse, Alphonse Goulet, Peter Lebeau, Joseph Berube, and Joseph Dubois, soldiers. Part second, sick man, Louis Edward Pichette; Chief Ranger, Hector Vanasse; sub-Chief Ranger, Jo seph A. Braconnier; Commander of Conclave, Eugene B. Tatro. Chief of Companions, Mrs. Mary La Fleur. The float was drawn by four horses in patriotic trappings, driven by G. Frederick Pelissier, and the scheme was designed and arranged by William J. La Fleur. n 'i^^- r^^St^td^fiL. vdkiriCiX Sacred Heart Cadets' Float C o ti R T D LT V E R .\ A \ , Forester: Crescent Lodge, Degree of Honor C r\ p A w o N K e Tribe, I . 0 . R . M NORTHAMPTON,- MASSACHUSETTS 279 The United German societies, consisting of the German- SlnitEb American Citizens' Association, and order of Harugari, Siockms ^-h-^ Schuetzenverein, were represented in a very artis tic float, in which Germania was the principal figure, supposed to be traveling through foreign countries, accompanied by the personifications of Art and Music, surrounded by heralds. This float was drawn by four horses, with a mounted marsh^il, Edward O. Gaylor,' in the costume of Lohengrin. The horses were led by two pages, Hans Nietsche and Paul Lauter, and the heralds were Christo pher Kreiner, Herman Nietsche, August Nehring and Ludolph Nehring. Germania was represented by Helene Hammann, Music by Emma Nehring and Art by Elsie H. Stork. The float was designed by Rich ard B. Eisold and decorated by Buchholz of Springfield. „ . Primrose Lodge, No. i66. Sons of St. George, made a ;tit. ©EoroE representation of that mythical character, St. George. The saint was personified in mailed armor, with helmet, sword and lance, and the banner of St. George was borne aloft. Thomas Roe represented St. George and Richard March and Samuel Taylor two knights in black, one at either side of St. George, carrying sword and lance. There were two knights in civiUan costumes, in the style of two hundred and fifty years ago, and wearing white helmets. These knights were Harry Frost and Harry Dephdge. There were two other knights in similar costumes, Fred Goodwin and Joseph Tomlinson. The float was elaborately decorated with flags and bunting, with the stars and stripes at the front and the union jack on the back. It was drawn by two horses, decorated with the national flag, and the horses were driven by John Wade. Capawonke Tribe, of the Improved Order of Red Capawonfts ^^^'^ ., , ,_ ^ ¦ j. r, ^ (gtnbE, Men, contributed one of the most appropriate floats 3. ©. B. .ilE. Qf .t;he da\r, representing a North American Indian camp scene, with hunters. On the float, which was drawn by two horses, were the foUowing: Prophet P. S., WiUiam H. Carter; P. S., Joseph Fischer; Sr. Sagamore, Patrick Desmond; Jr. Sagamore, Joseph Torr; ist Sannap, WiUiam H. Strong; 2d Sannap, Simeon A. Spring; Buffalo BiU, Adolph Sweeney and dog Jip; two mem bers of Pocahontas tribe. Misses Fanny Russell and LiUian Fischer; young scouts. Earl E. Chatel and Eugene L. Farland. The float was accompanied by the following scouts on horseback: Jeremiah Maloney, 280 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION John H. Guyon, Joseph D. Mariz, Frank E. Jarvis, Samuel Michelman, Edmund M. Chatel, John G. Fischer, James J. Prokup, Michael Fitz gerald, Richard B. Ennis, Thomas S. Carter, Martin Dwyer, Louis F. Gaylor, Samuel Spencer, Herbert Oborne, William A. Dwyer, Joseph Wilson, Joseph Parent, James Rayshall, Henry- Rau, George W. Martin, Maurice J. Landry, Trefle L. Vasseur, John H. Longden, Robert M. McNaughton, John W. Regan, Michael Tobin, WiUiam F. Walsh, Thomas Fallon. Northampton Council, Knights of Columbus, No. 480, Columbus presented a float, representing a boat, with an ac companying representation of water, waves, trees and land, the whole supposed to illustrate the landing of Christopher Co lumbus in America. The four horses attached to the float were driven by Thomas F. Kearney, and the parts taken by members of the order were as follows: Edward J. Sheehey, Christopher Columbus; John E. Welch and John^J. Reagan, Indians; John T. Curtis and Patrick W. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 281 SuUivan, sailors; Michael H. SuUivan, Matthew J. Grogan and Joseph N. Dragon, followers of Columbus. Meadow City Court, No. 72, Foresters of America, '^outt produced a handsome and elaborate float which at- J?. ofa. ' tracted much attention, from its harmonious combin ation of colors and grace of drapery. This float was drawn by four horses and decorated with white cloth, with pink border, caught up by bunches of ^ ground pine and pink roses. Colors, pea green, pink and white. The sides of the body of float were covered with cloth of the colors, the cloth being shirred, and where the colors met the lines were covered with pink and white roses. From the standard rose an elk's head, the standard being banked with pink and white roses. From the elk's head streamers were run to the four corners of the float, where they were held by oc cupants. On the streamers were these banners: "Liberty," "Unity," "Benevolence," and "Concord." In the center of the sides were gold arches, with this inscription, "Court Meadow City, No. 72." Chains of evergreen, intertwined with pink and white roses, were in the front and rear. The occupants and their costumes were Misses Katherine A. Torpey, Odna M. Polmatier and Edith G. Polmatier, dresses of white trimmed with pink, white stockings, wreaths of pink and white roses on their heads. Miss Torpey wore a golden crown. Alfred W. Law- ley and JohnW. Bray wore pink trousers, white blouses, white stock ings, pink ties and pink hats. This float was designed and arranged by Guy M. Miller. Florence Commandery, No. 31, United Order of the iFlocEncE Golden Star, produced a handsome float, emblematic ja. <©. 45. &. °^ ^^^ name. Two horses with decorations drew this float. There was a large golden star in the center of the float, with four smaller stars at each corner. Streamers ran from the center to the outside star. The colors of the order, red, blue and yellow, were used in the color scheme. The occupants of the float were Miss AUce A. Colgan, Mr. and Mrs. Luther O. ChUds, Mr. and Mrs. Fred A. Martin, Roy W. Davenport, LiUy M. Hart, Miss EUa V Joyce, Miss Anna Le Due and Winfrid Le Due, John J. Taber: George B. Chase. The ladies were dressed in white and carried red poppies. They wore golden crowns on which were stars. The men wore white trousers, white caps, and black coats. Two little boys sat on top each Enterprise Lod(;e, Degree of Honor Florence CoiM^'ANDERY, U. O. G S. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 283 side of the large star. Master Kenneth Childs was dressed in blue trousers, white waist and blue sash and wore a crown. Master Howard Chase wore red trousers, white waist, red sash and a crown. St. Anne's Ladies' Aid Society of Florence produced ,§t. JCnnE'^ one of the prize floats of the day. This represented SabiEs' '?tib ;&ocictd twenty-one young ladies of Florence in a boat, out for a sail. Over the young ladies was a canopy of solid purple, relieved bv heavy puffed white posts, draped in purple and white, with the same color in costumes and festoons. The base was prettily and neatly draped in purple and white, and the ladies were all attired in white sailor costume, with purple anchors and sash and white outing hat with purple band. The society carried their own banner and one of the Father Mathew Society, of which they are an auxiliary. The occupants were Julia E. Heffernan, Katherine A. Hogan, Mame I. Miller, Deha J. Meehan, Nellie E. Lyons, Lizzie M. Marra, Lizzie I. Burke, Mame J. Burke. Mary E. Shaughnessy, Ella E. St. Axnu's Society Court Meadow Cit\-, Foresters of Am eric. Ancient Order of United Workmen NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 285 Bartley, Maud L. KUey, Mame H. Coughlan, Mame J. Ahearn, Cecilia B. Finn, Margaret T. Meehan, Anna L. Hogan, NelUe C. Finn, Josie E. Whalen, Katherine A. Tobin, Annie G. Whalen, Lizzie I. Bartley. This float was designed for the society by the New England Decorating Company. Crescent Lodge, No. 9, Degree of Honor, auxil- S"nf 1^^ ^"'"'^ iary to Hampshire Lodge, Ancient Order of United Workmen, Florence, had an attractive float, which drew a prize from the judges. This float was drawn by two black horses, in harness trimmed with white. The decorations were lilac and white bunting, with wistaria and potted ferns. Riding on the float were Mrs. Jennie C. Condon, Mrs. Cora M. Chase, Mrs. Catherine Kelly, Mrs. Hannah M. Bray, Mrs. Mary A. Kilbridge, Mrs. Hannah O'Connell, Mrs. Nettie L. Richmond, Mrs. Emma J. Davis, Miss Frances E. Polmatier, the Misses Celia M., Helen F. and Elsie M. Condon, Lottie Kelly, Hazel Chase, and Master David J. Condon. The horses wore white blankets, trimmed with lilacs and lettered with the name of the lodge. Northampton Grange, No. 138, Patrons of Hus- gottbampton bandry, produced an historical float showing a representation of the homestead of Lieutenant Will iam Clark in 1659. There was a log cabin on the float, with a wood land scene, drawn by two brown and two bay horses, with blue and yellow trappings and rosettes, and the occupants were Luther A. Root, Dr. Albert C. Rice, as Indians; Edward P. West as William Clark; and Mrs. Edward P. West and son as Mr. Clark's family; settlers, Clayton S. Parsons, Charles A. Sanderson, William Phillips. This float was driven by Josiah W. Parsons, a direct descendant of the old settler. Cornet Joseph Parsons. A very pretty float was that presented by Pride of jptibE of Meadow City Circle, No. 397, Companions of the ^jjjjj ¦ Forest, auxiliary to the Meadow City Court, Forest ers of America. This float was drawn by four horses, trimmed with bunting of nile green and white, and white and green roses, with C. of F. of A., No. 397, on the blankets of the horses. The decorations of the float were green" and white bunting, white roses and evergreens and silk American flags. The occupants ' were dressed in white and were members of the Circle. The float was designed and 286 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION arranged by Misses Minnie A. Schillare and Mary A. Lester and Mrs. Julia E. Cox. This was a golden float, with four horses with ¦JCntiBnt ©tbEt blankets of gold and white, trimmings of yellow ^otftmEU ^'^'^ white roses, trailing pine. There were eight gilded posts, with an anchor at each corner post and shields on the center posts, the emblems of the order. The arches on the posts were trimmed with yellow and white. There were about 400 members of the society in line, representing College City Lodge from the center of the cit^- and Hampshire Lodge of Florence. Those on the float were Miss Mabel L. Richmond, representing Protection, carrying a shield; Miss Florence E. McKenzie, representing Charity, carrying a wreath; Miss Elizabeth B. Lawley, representing Hope, and carrjdng an anchor; Miss Marie G. Cooney, representing Hope and carrying an anchor; and Miss Mabel W. Hillier, representing Chaiity and carrying a wreath. The members of the degree team wore sailors' suits, with blue shirts and white trousers, and were as follows: William Oates, John W. Bray, Patrick J. Nagle, George W. Hillier, Luther H. Tyler, and Henry G. Kelley. The float was designed and arranged by WiUiam Oates and Guy M. Miller of Florence. . <©. €. Fontaine; the cooking class by Miss Etta Leonard, and the dressmaking class by Misses Laura Bernier, and Adeline M. La Plant. Those repre senting the garden competition were: Ragged Robin, Minnie A. Ash- wander; Golden Glow, Irene Martin; Forget-me-not, Mary M. Hines; Peony, Agnes Moran; Poppy, Lena Bernier; Sweet Pea, Dorothy Loi- selle; Pansy, Grace Maloney. The "S. 0. C." social organization brought out a float, the lower part of which was trimmed with green and white, the latter color of poppies. The ladies wore green and white, and the two horses which drew the float were similarly decorated. Those on the float were Mrs. Robert H. Clapp, Mrs. Homer B. Miller, Mrs. Arthur H. Spear, Mrs. Arthur L. Morse, Mrs. James W. Reid, Mrs. John HiU, Mrs. Edward B. Arms of South Deerfield, Mrs. Mame Stocking, Mrs. James Lathrop, Miss Ethleen N. Hill, Miss Helen I. Clapp, Master Floyd N. Reed, Master Robert A. Hill, Master Paul C. Knowlton. TRADE FLOATS The line of procession closed with a showing of a few trade or mercantile representations, and there would have been many more had there been time to prepare them. „ . Manufacturer of cigars, made an exhibi- tion which attracted much attention, m showing an immense cigar, fourteen feet long, lighted and burning, with men in the process of manufacturing cigars. The fioat was trimmed with bunting and the occupants were: Cigar makers, Winfield S. White- lock, Thomas F. Mahar, Orin Lashaway, Thomas M. Blanchfield, Tim othy J. Blanchfield, John A. Parnell; Indians, John R. Lynn, Coleman W. F. Lewis, and James F. Carberry. The float was designed and arranged by Timothy J. Blanchfield. The horses were trimmed with patriotic bunting and they were driven by Augustus A. Clapp. _ Had a one-horse-load of ladders, decorated XEOnatb jUil. /Norton -^i. i .,• j n •, j • v. t^ ^ with bunting and flags, and driven by l:'rank Morrill, showing the ladder business. Another car, by the same party, represented Uncle Sam and Columbia and twelve boys and girls rid ing in a "steel swing," "steel settee" and "rocker swing." The dec orations were of bunting, evergreen and flowers, and the float was drawn by two horses, driven by Joseph Murray, dressed as Uncle Sam. The occupants were: Columbia, Alice Bridgman; John J. Dunn, William Deady, Henry L. Cave, WiUiam Boss, Gallon A. Hinds, Arthur R. Camp, NeweU G. Flood, Mary A. Dunn, Louise A. NuttaU, Hazel M. Flood, May B. Papineau, Bertha M. Porter, Gladys L. Duffey, Mabel E. Sweet s', Minnietta Edwards. ^ ,. w . ^ vr The coal business was not neglected, as three itiimbafl & Carp Co. *=" r i ¦ of the dealers in town put m a display of their teams, in good shape. Kimball & Cary Co. had two wagons, one trim med in black and yellow, driven by George Duffney; the other, trimmed in yellow and white, was driven by William Rea. The W. A. Clark Coal Co. appeared with a tandem Coal Co. *"" team, handsomely decorated with flags and bunting, and the horses were driven by employes dressed in white. The men in charge were: Benjamin Boyer, Eli Lafranier, Jr., Dennis Cashman, William J. Hanlon, Dominique Loster, Myron L. ElweU. 290 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION .^.„, ,^, _,. William H. Rice of Florence advertised the coal ^iHiam I?. KicE business, and his name in gilt letters was on the blankets of the two leading horses, the blankets of the horses being white. The float was trimmed in red, white and blue, with red pop pies. The center was roof-shaped, with boys stationed at each corner, dressed in white suits and carrying shovels of white and gold. The whole float was trimmed so as to bring out the word "Coal." The driver was Frank E. Goodrich and the occupants were Robert H. Bray, Ralph E. Boynton, John H. Vickus and Raymond N. Ruiter. Guy M. Miller was the designer. One of the best trade exhibitions was made by the La Fleur Bros., the Pleasant street painters. They put on a float representing the business of painting, papering, deco rating, etc. There was a pyramid of paint pails and a representation of the earth, in a globe, upon which liquid paint seemed to be pour ing slowly from a pail, and forming the various divisions of land in the eastern and western hemispheres, the inference being that So-and- So's paint "covered the earth." There was also a pj^ramid of wall paper. The float was of white, with red and blue trimmings, drawn by five horses in patriotic trappings, driven by William J. La Fleur, who also designed and arranged the float. Put on a very interesting float, which included a mahogany bedstead 200 years old, being ten feet in height, about 5^^ feet wide, and nearly nine feet in length. The posts and the bed drapery represented was of the style of 200 years ago. A high -boy and low-boy were also shown, at one time owned by the great-grandfather of R. H. White of Boston. A venerable old sofa and chairs completed the articles on the float. Sewell M. Elliott had a creditable two-horse float to advertise his upholstering business. It was decorated in white and yellow and was occupied by a dozen little girls, dressed in white. Little Irene H. Elliott, two and a half years old, sat under a canopy in the center, and she was dressed in yeUow. The girls on the float were Maude E. Elliott, Mildred G. Elliott, Lizzie Seymour, Edna L. Tatro, Edith M. Sanderson, Esther E. McGrath, Ida M. Strong, Marion L. Briggs, Sultana B. Jones, Har riet N. Evans, Ruth E. Selden and Maude E. Rickey. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 291 James ?. ,§)f)annon James F. Shannon of Florence had a float intended to advertise his business as an agent of the Wheeler & AA'ilson sewing machines and his wife's dry goods business. The float was decorated with yellow and black cloth, and four little girls, prettily dressed, stood on the affair. Their names were Frances M.. Anna H. and Hel=n P. Shannon, Marcella C. Powers and Hazel M. Berard. Mr. Shannon and Gerald Lynch were also on the team. James F S h a x x o x ' s Float The local express companies made a good represen tation of their interests in the line. The American Express Company decorated one of its best teams with the national colors, and Frederick S. Roberts controlled the team as driver. JtmEtican ' of pain Was swept away in transient tears ! Mark Lemon Let Fate do her worst, there are relics of joy, Bright dreams of the past which she cannot destro}'; Which come in the night-time of sorrow and care. And bring back the features which joy used to wear. Long, long be my heart with such memories filled. Like the vase in which roses have once been distilled, You may break, you may ruin, the vase, if 5'ou will. But the scent of the roses will hang round it still. Thomas Moore Backward, turn backward, O Time, in your flight, Make me a child again, just for tonight! Backward, flow backward, O tide of the years ! I am so weary of toil and of tears — Toil without recompense, tears all in vain — Take them, and give me my childhood again! Elizabeth Akers Allen How dear to my heart are the scenes of my childhood. When fond Recollection presents them to view! The orchard, the meadow, the deep-tangled wildwood. And every loved spot which my infancy knew, — The wide-spreading pond, and the mill that stood by it. The bridge, and the rock where the cataract fell; The cot of my father, the dairy-house nigh it. And e'en the rude bucket which hung in the well, — The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket. The moss-covered bucket, which hung in the well. Samuel Woodworth HISTORICAL LOCALITIES AND HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS THE BASIS OF THE CELEBRATION A VALUABLE PERMANENT IVORK PERFORMED BY far the most important part of the Celebration was the work done by the committees on Historical Localities and Historical Collections. These matters were the basis of the Anniversary, for without them no Celebration could properly have been held. The chairmen of these two committees, Henry S. Gere on localities, and Thomas M. Shepherd on collections, were peculiarly fitted for their work. They brought to the consideration of these subjects a familiarity and long experience which were very valuable. It is not too much to say that the public were amazed at the extent and value of their re searches. The committee on Historical Localities issued a pamphlet, embodied in this work with some revision, which had a large sale, and the location, by signs, of old meeting-houses, court-houses, town-houses, school-houses, post-office, taverns, jails, etc., was a revelation to every one. The work performed by Chairman Henry S. Gere, in this line of research, will be of still greater interest and value to succeeding genera tions. He has completed a work in local topographical history which might otherwise have been lost and forgotten. The detailed results are described in following pages. Hardly less important was the work performed by Thomas M. Shepherd, the story of which is so well told by him elsewhere. The exhibition prepared by his committee was a continuous one during the Celebration, and was visited by an immense number of people, and the first authentic, detailed description of it, given in this book, will be read with great interest by those who are interested in the ancient life of the town. Ibistorical ILocaUties /IBarfteD The Committee on Historical Localities, besides issuing in pamphlet form brief descriptions of one hundred localities of historical interest, marked the following spots with appropriate signs : At the southeasterly part of the Court-House Park were set these four signs: 348 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION The First Meeting House Stood Here 1654 The First School House Stood Here 1661 The First Town House Stood Here 1767 The First Court House Stood Here 1737 In front of the southwesterly corner of the First Church, at the ex treme westerly end of the little park, were three signs, connected to gether, bearing these inscriptions: North Rev. Solomon Stoddard Preached Here 57 Years 1672— 1729 South The Apex of Meeting House Hill was Here 1654 West The Meeting House in which Jonathan Edwards Preached Stood Here 1737— 1812 In front of the Josiah D. Whitney house on King street, beneath one of the well-known "Jonathan Edwards elms," was this sign: Jonathan Edwards Lived Here 1727 — 1750 and set this elm tree NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 349 The site of the first jail, on the west corner of Old South street, in 'ront of Jackson's block, was marked as follows: The First Jail Stood Here 1707 On the east corner of Main and King streets, where the First National Bank building stands, was this sign: The First Post Office Stood Here 1792 In front of the westerly half of the First Church was a sign bearing this inscription: The Old Church H onored. Admired, Re VERED Stood Here 1812- -1876 In front of the Mansion House (since named the Draper House), directly opposite the entrance to Old South street, was this sign: Seth Pomeroy 1760 Asahel Pomeroy 1777 Oliver ^^'ARNER 1821 Kept Tavern H ERE On Court-House Park, northeast of the present court-house and on a line with the old court-house and "Old Church," was this sign: Th E Old Town Hall s t 0 0 D Here 1814— -1872 Old Church, Court-House, Whitney Building, Park, 1864 Old Church built in 1812, Court-House in 1813, Whitney Building in 1810, Park in 1844 NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 351 In front of Charles B. Kingsley's drug-store, where Dr. Ebenezer Hunt erected 'his drug-store, the first store erected on Shop Row, was this sign: The First Store Shop Row ON S TOOD Here 1769 HISTORICAL LOCALITIES IN NORTHAMPTON COMPILED AND PUBLISHED BY THE COMMITTEE ON HISTORICAL LOCALITIES FOR THE CELEBRATION I. Northampton was first settled by white people in the spring of 1654, but its territory had been examined as a desirable place for settlement several years before. It was then known only by the Indian name of Nonotuck. In May, 1653 (a year before the actual settlement), twenty -four men petitioned the General Court for liberty to "plant, possess and inhabit " the place. All of these men were residents of Con necticut, most of them of Hartford, Windsor and Farmington. John Pynchon, Elizur Holyoke and Samuel Chapin of Springfield also peti tioned to the same effect at the same time. The General Court appointed Pynchon, Holyoke and Chapin commissioners to lay out the bounds of the proposed settlement, which they did, fixing the line to run from the Hadley falls ten miles north on the west side of the Connecticut river, and westward from the Connecticut "nine miles into the woods." This included all the territory within the present limits of Northampton, Easthampton, Southampton and Westhampton, and parts of Hatfield and Montgomery. The land was bought of the Indians by John Pyn chon Sept. 23, 1653, and on Jan. 16, 1662, he turned it over to the inhab itants of Northampton, who allotted it among themselves, reserving a large portion to be given to new-comers. The meadow lands were the most desirable and each settler was given a certain amount (usually about twenty acres), with a liberal quantity of upland. The town took its name from Northampton in England, and, although the Indian name was always Nonotuck, that name was never used by the settlers. The exact day on which the first settlers arrived here is not known, nor is it known exactly where the first houses were built, but it is certain that the first arrivals were early in May, and it is presumed that they located their homes near "Meeting-house hill." Northampton Center as it ^^'AS in 1838 Showing Old Church. Court.-Hoiise, Whitney Building, Warner House, Town Hall, Stone Wall, Stairway and Guide-hoards, on the right; Theodore Strong's Residence and Samuel Clarke's Store, on the left NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 3.53 Nearly all the inhabitants of the town remained near the center for more than one hundred years. This was from fear of the Indians. After the close of the French and Indian war, in 1760, the outer districts began to be settled. The first settlement at South Farms was made in 1687, but what is now Florence and North Farms was not settled until 1759. Roberts Meadow and West Farms were settled soon after, and "Rail HiU" (now Leeds) in 1790. Those sections were then covered with dense forests. The first settlers located on King, Pleasant, Market and Hawley streets. The sections next settled were Bridge, West and Elm streets. It was five years after the first settlers arrived before there was a house built as far west as the site of President Seelye's residence. For a great many years there were no streets here. What we now call streets were simply footpaths from house to house. The farms were large and the houses were considerable distances apart. There was little of travel, and what there was was either on foot or on horseback. The center of the settlement contained but a few buildings. Meeting-house hill was almost bare. Aside from the meeting-house there were for a long period of time no buildings nearer to it than the court-house and school-house at the junction of Main and King streets and the minister's house on the corner of Pleasant street. To the west there were after a time buildings on the west corner of South street, where Ithamar Strong lived, and on Main street, opposite South street, where Gen. Seth Pomeroy lived. There was no building north of the meeting-house on or near the hill for a long time. The meeting-house stood there alone, like a city on a hill. The ground around it was all highway. There was a large open space at the junction of King and Pleasant streets with Main street, which was called "School-house common." 2. The first "meeting-house," used for religious services, town meetings and schools, stood on the easterly side of "Meeting-house hill," near the southeasterly corner of the present court-house lot. It was built of logs and was twenty-six feet long and eighteen feet wide, and was erected in the first year of the town's settlement. It was in use for re ligious meetings seven years. The second meeting-house was built in 1 66 1, and was located on the top of "Meeting-house hill," directly in front of the westerly half of the present First Church and the entrance to Center street, that being the apex of the hill. Meeting-house hill was then several feet higher than it is now, and the ground at its base . was several feet lower. The meeting-house was approached from all sides. A ravine ran around the hill from the west side, back of the present Mansion House, to King street, and thence across Main street to Pleasant street and in the rear of Shop Row to Mill river, below the old South-street bridge. There have been five meeting-houses built on this hill — the first in 1654, a log house, 26 by 18 feet; the second, in 1661, 42 feet square, pyramid roof, with a turret on top; the View of Round Hill and the Stoddard (Now Hinckley) Hou.se From a Sketch made by Miss Goodridge in 1829 Henry Bright house (now Polish church) on the right — Judge Samuel Howe house (now Capen school) on the left Stoddard house (now Hinckley house) in center NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 355 third, in 1737, 70 by 46 feet; the fourth, known to the present gene ration as the "Old Church," in 181 2; the fifth in 1876; the latter was damaged by fire in 1888 and immediately rebuilt, without essential change of plan. 3. The first court-house, erected in 1737, stood near the easterly corner of the present court-house lot, south of and about opposite the present court-house fountain. The present court-house is the fourth building erected on that lot for court uses. 4. The first school-house, used exclusively for school purposes, stood on the easterly portion of Meeting-house hill, easterly of the site of the present court-house and farther down the hill, near the corner of court-house lot. 5. The first store on Shop Row stood on the site of the present drug-stores of Charles B. Kingsley and Lucius S. Davis, built in 1769 by Dr. Ebenezer Hunt for a drug-store. 6. Jonathan Edwards preached here in two meeting-houses; he was settled in 1727, and the first house in which he preached was re placed by the one shown in the picture in 1737. This house stood in Main street, opposite the westerly half of the present First Church and entrance to Center street. It faced toward Bridge street. There were three entrances, one in front (east) and one on each side (south and west) . There were three aisles running north and south, and one on each side running east and west. The pulpit was in the center on the north side, with a single stairway to it on the west side. Hanging over the pulpit was a large "sounding-board," which bore the date "1735," denoting the date of the first vote to build. Two stairways led to the gallery, in the easterly and westerly corners. There was a tall steeple, with an open belfry, resting on eight posts. Surmounting the steeple was a weather-vane, representing a rooster. A tower clock was put in soon after the house was erected. The house was torn down in 181 2. This Jonathan Edwards meeting-house was built while the old meeting-house was still standing, showing that they did not occupy the same spot ; but they were near each other. The old house was torn down in 1738, the year after the new house was occupied. The accompanying picture of the second meeting-house in which Jonathan Edwards preached is believed to be accurate. It was made from a sketch drawn by Architect William F. Pratt about thirty years ago. The dimensions of the house and the belfry are matters of town record, as are also the porches. The rooster weather-vane on the top of the steeple is shown just as it was when Edwards thundered forth his mighty appeals from the pulpit within, and the semi-circular stepstone is seen in front just as it was when placed there 167 years ago. The house was similar in form to the Congregational meeting-houses built in that period; there is one much like it still standing in West Springfield. Mr. Pratt was aided in his drawing by some of the citizens of the town 356 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION who were familiar with the appearance of the house in their youth, and they pronounced the sketch correct. It corresponds with the plan of seating the meeting-house given in Trumbull's History. There can be no doubt that when you look at this picture you see the meeting-house substantially as it appeared when Jonathan Edwards and Major Joseph Hawley entered its portals and walked through its broad aisle. 4-. The Jonathan E u w a r d .s M e e t i n g - H o c s e In which he preached. Built in 1737. Torn down 1812 7. The house of the first minister of the town. Rev. Eleazar Mather, stood on the west corner of Main and Pleasant streets, and fronted on NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 357 Pleasant street. Mr. Mather owned all the land now covered by Shop Row as far west as Merritt Clark's store. 8. The first town-house (used also for the courts) stood on the present court-house lot, erected 1737. 9. The first post-office (1792) was kept in the store of Robert Brecic & Son, on the corner of Main and King streets, where the First National Bank now stands. Col. John Breck, son of Robert Breck, was the first postmaster. 10. The first newspaper, the Hampshire Gazette, was printed (1786) in the back part of Benjamin Prescott's house, on the west corner of Main and Pleasant streets. East Corner Main and King Streets, Where First National Bank uow stands •55 II. Butler, stands, 12. The first bookstore in town was opened in 1797 by Simeon on Shop Row, where S. E. Bridgman & Co.'s bookstore now and there has been a bookstore on that spot ever since. The site of the store of Phelps & Gare, jewelers, on Shop Row, was in 1785 occupied by Samuel Stiles, a goldsmith, and there has been a goldsmith's shop on that spot ever since. The late General Benjamin E. Cook was in business there from Jan. 10, 1827, until his death, Feb. 25, 1900, more than seventy-three years. 13. The first bank in town, the Northampton Bank, was opened in 1803, on the site of Merritt Clark's store on Shop Row. It was suc ceeded in 1813 by the Hampshire Bank. 358 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION 14. The first ferry between Northampton and Hadley was estab lished in 1 66 1, when Hadley was settled. This ferry connected Hadley at the lower end of Front street with "Old Rainbow," and for many years it was known as "Goodman's ferry." 15. The first bridge over the Connecticut river here was built in 1808. The present county bridge (the fifth) was built in 1878. 16. The first Edwards Church (1833) stood on the easterly corner of Main and South streets, where Columbian block now stands. It was destroyed by fire in 1870. 17. The first taverns were called "ordinaries." There was a tav ern on the site of the present Mansion House kept by Col. Seth Pomeroy, and after him by his son, Asahel Pomeroy, and a tavern has been kept there ever since. There was a tavern, known as the "Red Tavern," on the site of the present Catholic church. Also, one on Hawley street, east side, where the Washburn House now stands, kept by Capt. Samuel Clarke; one on the southerly corner of Pleasant and River streets, called the "American House"; one on South street, on the site of the present Col. Calvin Strong house, corner of South and Fort streets; one on the west corner of North Elm street and the street leading to the car barns, kept by Abner Hunt; one in Florence, opposite the present Florence Hotel, kept by Paul Strong, and known as "Paul Strong's"; one about a mile to the west on the road to Williamsburg, kept by Solomon Warner, known as "Sol Warner's " ; one farther on, half a mile east of Haydenville, on the old road to Northampton, kept by Capt. Samuel Fairfield; one at Roberts Meadow, on the turnpike road to Pittsfield, kept by Nathaniel Edwards, who took the turnpike tolls; and a number of others of lesser note in different parts of the town. 18. Rev. Solomon Stoddard, minister of the town from 1672 to 1729 (fifty-seven years), lived on Prospect street, where Henry R. Hinckley now lives. His son. Col. John Stoddard, succeeded him in occupying that place. Mr. Stoddard, Senior, built in 1684 the ell part of Mr. Hinckley's house as it now stands, and Col. John Stoddard built the main part. This is one of the oldest houses in town, as it dates back about two hundred years, and a part of it two hundred and twenty years. A home lot was granted by the town to Rev. Solomon Stoddard in 1 68 1. It contained four acres of land, and was situated on the east side of Round Hill, in the vicinity of the junction of Henshaw avenue and Crescent street. Mr. Stoddard never built on it, but three years later he bought another lot, a little south of the grant, and there he built. He and his descendants occupied this house for more than a century. The central portion of the house, as it now stands, is all that remains of the home of Rev. Solomon Stoddard. The large gambrel-roofed building, in front of and adjoining this, was built by his son. Col. John Stoddard. The rear part of the house, built by Rev. Solomon Stoddard, was NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 359 removed bj' Dr. Barrett, and made into the barn now on the place. Dr. Barrett also built the ell in the rear of the present building. Close to the central chimney of the ancient house was a large open space, under the floor of the second story, which, tradition has it, was used as a hiding place from the Indians. This place no longer exists. In May, 1809, this house was sold to Seth Wright of Boston, and it de scended to his son, Theodore Wright. It was purchased in 1837 by Charles C. Nichols of Boston. In 1845, it was bought by Dr. Benjamin Barrett and is now occupied by his daughter and her husband, Henry R. Hinckley. Residence of Hen Hinckley, Prospect St. Rear part of this house was budt by Rev. Solomon Stoddard in 1684, and front part by his son. Col. John Stoddard The accompanying picture presents a fine view of the house as it stands today. Col. Stoddard was one of the most prominent men of the town, and wealthy for his times. This accounts for the size and elegance of the main structure. The house stands on one of the most command ing residence sites in the town, and is a treasure, both for the beauty of its location and for its historical associations. 19. Rev. Dr. Gordon Hall, pastor of Edwards church twenty- eight years, lived in the brick house on the south side of Elm street, opposite entrance to Prospect street, now occupied by Miss Tucker, No. 360 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION 84. This house was owned and occupied in 1780 by Gen. William Ly man, a Revolutionary officer and member of congress. 20. Rev. Solomon WiUiams, fifth minister, 1778 to 1834 (fifty-six years), lived on King street, where his son. Deacon Eliphalet Williams, lived. This was also the residence of Rev. John Hooker, fourth minister of the town. 21. Judge Joseph Lyman lived on Main street, where the Carr block and Carr bakery now stand. House was built in 1792, succeeding one that stood there and was burned in that year, and occupied by Col. William Lyman. Residence of Judge Joseph L v ji a n , Main Street Built 1792. Burned 1870. Stood where Carr block now stands 2 2. Gov. Caleb Strong (Governor eleven years and U. S. Senator) lived on Main street, where the Hampshire House now stands; his gambrel-roofed house was removed to Pleasant street in 1844, where it was occupied by his son, Hon. Lewis Strong; now No. 40. 23. Judge Samuel Henshaw Uved on Elm street, in the gambrel- roofed house lately owned and occupied by Sidney E. Bridgman and now owned by Bishop F. D. Huntington. 24. The Warner House, one of the leading historical structures of the town, was for several generations the principal tavern. Gen. Seth Pomeroy lived there and kept an inn. His son, Asahel Pomeroy, one of NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 361 the prominent men of his times, succeeded him. In 1792 Asahel Pome roy erected the house which for more than two generations was one of the most familiar objects in town. The old house that stood on the same spot was destroyed by fire, Oct. 12, 1792. Mr. Pomeroy immediateh' rebuilt. In 182 1, he sold the house to Oliver Warner, who had kept a tavern on the Bridge road, half a mile north of Florence, where Seth S. Warner now lives. Mr. Warner owned and conducted the tavern twenty-four years, until his death in 1853. From him the house took its name. Next to the "Old Church" and the court-house, the Warner House was the most famous structure in town. There, many public gatherings were held; there, many of the judges, lawyers and jurors £!?' -3" ill I 1 1 1 .J'J^ WA ^ ^ ¦=- -* ri n n fi rn ^ t m -^ r^* t' "I m al il il al Warner House Built by Asahel Pomeroy, 1792. Destroyed by fire, 1870. Stood on site ot Mansion (now Draper) House stopped when the courts were in session; there, travellers from far and near found a congenial home; and there, the villagers repaired from time to time to gather the news brought in by the stage -drivers and the guests of the house. 25. "Fort Hill," off South street, takes its name from the building of an Indian fort there prior to 1670. The exact location of this fort is not known. "Dwight's Travels" says it was located "in the heart of the town, at a distance perhaps of thirty rods from the most populous street." This would locate it on Fort street, on the brow of the hill. Trumbull's History locates it "back of the Starkweather place." It was 362 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION abandoned as a fort in 1670. The Indians who built it were friendly, and were given permission by the town to build the fort. 26. Gen. Seth Pomeroy, besides keeping a tavern, was a black smith, and his blacksmith shop stood between his house and the corner of Main and Center streets. 27. Dr. Sylves ter Graham, origi nator of the Gra ham dietic system, Ived on Pleasant street, in the brick house, west side, now No. 61. Hon. EU P Ashmun, U. S. Senator, lived in that house before Dr. Graham. 28. Erastus Hopkins, ten years a representative in the state legisla ture, lived on King street, house next north of the French Catholic church. 29. Thomas Na pier lived on Elm street, in the house that now forms a part of the Mary A. Burnham classical school for girls. Another building used by this school is the colonial- front house on Prospect street, built by Judge Samuel Howe and in which he lived. 30. Samuel Whitmarsh built the house on Fort Hill, since owned and occupied as a summer residence by Edward H. R. Lyman and his son, Frank Lyman. His brother, Thomas Whitmarsh, built the house lately owned and occupied by Lucien B. Williams and now by his son. Col. Henry L. Williams. The Jonathan Edwards Elm Set Iby Rev. Jonathan Edwards, 1730. House of Josiah D. Whit ney on the right stands on site of the Edwards house. Picture shows house and tree as they were in 1890. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 363 31. John Clarke, founder of Clarke Institute for Deaf Mutes, lived on Bridge street ; house now forms a part of Norwood Hotel. 32. Rev. Jonathan Edwards lived on King street, where the brick house built by Josiah D. Whitney now stands, and the large elm tree that stands in front is one of two elms set by him and long known as the "Jonathan Edwards elms." A picture of one of these elms is given herewith. 33. " Bartlett's gate," at the foot of Pleasant street, in use when the meadows were fenced in, was near the present Harlow house. 34. Judge Charles A. Dewey, judge of Massachusetts Supreme court, lived on College Hill, where President Seelye's house now stands ; house was moved back and converted into a dormitory, and is now known as the "Dewey House." 35. Judge Samuel F. Lyman, judge of Probate court, lived on College Hill, where the principal college building now stands; house was moved to Canal street, and is now No. 35. 36. Major Joseph Hawley lived on Hawley street, on site of house now 104, known as the "Burrows place." His house was a low building; the front door was fastened with a wooden latch and a leather latch- string hung outside. 37. Isaac C. Bates, U. S. Senator, lived on Bridge street, where the J. Stebbins Lathrop house now stands; his house was removed to North street, and is now owned and occupied by Mrs. Henry Roberts. 38. Samuel Bartlett built a gristmill in 1667 on the west side of Manhan river in what is now Easthampton, and Joseph Parsons had a sawmill on the opposite shore. There have been grist and sawmills there ever since. 39. Halligan and Dailey were hung, June 5, 1806, on "Gallows Plain," now Hospital Hill, in presence of 15,000 people; Gen. Ebenezer Mattoon of Amherst, high sheriff, officiated. 40. The "pound," for impounding stray animals, was at the lower end of Pleasant street, and is still owned by the city, though not used in the last fifty years. 41. The semi-circular stepstone used at the east entrance to the meeting-house in which Jonathan Edwards preached, is now in use at the front entrance to Christopher Clarke's house, No. 40, Hawley street. 42. Stocks for punishing criminals stood at the junction of Main and King streets. They were not much used. 43. Guideboards, set in triangular form on three posts, stood in the fork of the roads at the junction of Main and King streets, and a little north of these guideboards were two large elm trees, underneath which were for many years a set of hayscales for public use. 364 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION 44. Just below the old South-street bridge over Mill river there was a crossing on the bed of the river, called the " Lickingwater crossing." The banks of the river on either side sloped gently to the edges of the stream, and this was the principal public watering place in town for about two hundred years. It was closed to the public when the dike was built in 1856. 45. The "Oxbow," known in later years as the "Old Bed," was until 1840 the route of the Connecticut river. In that year the high water in a spring freshet cut across the narrow neck east of the railroad and formed the present channel of the river. In going four and a half miles by a direct line the river by the ' ' Oxbow ' ' route ran nearly eleven miles. .3Jr,¦^,;u»»-^-r:< — fc- ^ ., Old Mansion House, on College Hill Where Catholic church now stands. As it appeared when kept by Capt. Jonathan Brewster, 1840. Hotel barn in the rear 46. The storehouse for freight sent and received on the New Haven and Northampton canal is still standing and is used by Warren's livery stable. The canal ran under Main street beneath an arched stone bridge and came close to this storehouse. The shed now seen on the east side was not there when the canal was in use. The three iron hooks under the eaves used for hoisting and lowering freight are there now. 47. This canal was carried across Mill river by means of an aque duct, and ran along the side of the hill west of South street. The canal was opened for business in 1836, and closed in 1847. It cost $980,000, all of which was a total loss. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 365 48. The first jail in town was built in 1707 and stood on the corner of Main and South streets, near where Rahar's Inn now stands. It was sold in 1760, and for twelve years there was no jail here. In 1773 a jail was built of logs on Pleasant street. The notorious Stephen Bur roughs of Pelham was confined there in 1786 and was chained to the floor after attempting to break out. In 1801, a new jail, built of stone, was erected on the site of the old one, and in 1853 the present jail on Union street was completed. 49. Shepherd's Island in the Connecticut river below "Old Rain bow" began to form about 1729. In 1754 it contained six or seven acres, about half of which was fit for cultivation. It was formed by accumulations of soil and sand brought down by the spring freshets. It was sold at "public vendue" in 1770 by order of the legislature, and purchased by Solomon Stoddard for one hundred pounds. In 1803, Levi Shepherd, Jr., bought it for $1,200, and it has since been known as "Shepherd's Island." It now contains about fifteen acres and is owned by the Mount Tom Lumber Co. The money paid for it in 1803 went to the county and was used to build a bridge in Ware. 50. The first mill in town was a gristmill, built in 1658 ; it stood on the north bank of Mill river, just west of the gas-works. 51. The "Hunt house," a fine old gambrel-roofed structure, stood on Main street, east of the first Edwards Church, where the Hampshire County Bank building now stands. It was built by Deacon Ebenezer Hunt in 1770 and stood exactly one hundred years, being destroyed by fire in 1870. In it lived three generations of Hunts — Deacon Ebenezer Hunt, Dr. Ebenezer Hunt, and Dr. David Hunt. 52. Mill river originally ran around the foot of Fort Hill and emp tied into "Danks's pond," near the lower end of South street. It was changed to run from lower Pleasant street directly to the Connecticut river in 17 10. In digging wells in Maple street, near the round house built by Seth Strong, large logs were found at a depth of twelve to fifteen feet and bright gravel, showing that the river once ran at that place. There are two channels of the river still visible near the foot of High street. 53. Elwell's Island, just aboA'e the Connecticut river bridges, took its name from Levi Elwell, who lived near it. It began to form about seventy vears ago, and for some vears was only a sand-bar. Mr. Elwell used to put willow twigs in the edges of the banks on the upper side and that caused the sand-bar to enlarge. He was the first man to plant anything on this island. It now contains about twenty-five acres of land suitable for cultivation, most of which is in grass. A ferry-boat is used to convey teams and the crops by means of a wire. The island is owned by Frank R. Elwell and Spencer Clark. 54. A small park, oblong in shape, about 125 by 40 feet, was made in Main street in 1844, of soil taken from the Governor Strong lot when 366 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION the Connecticut river railroad was built. Elm and maple trees were set in it, a low railing enclosed it, and a fiagstaff stood in the middle. Its center was opposite the west entrance to the old savings bank. It was made by the contributions of the Shop Row merchants and others. In 1867, the town having outgrown its presence, it was removed by order of the selectmen. 55. The first burials in town were made on Meeting-house hill, and in 1662 the burial ground was established on the "Plain," near Bridge street, where it has remained ever since. Edwards Church and Hunt House On East corner Main and Old South streets, where Columbian Block now .stands — House built by Deacon Ebenezer Hunt in 1770, burned 1870 — Church built 1833, burned 1870 — Merritt Clark's store on the left. 56. The present Main street along Shop Row did not begin to assume its present shape until 1769. The principal road to the top of "Meeting-house hill " was on the northerly side, in the rear of the present court-house. The hill was quite abrupt on the easterly side. 57. Judge Forbes had his office and living rooms on the third floor of Judge Sterling's block, next west of the First Church, over the bank ing rooms of the Northampton Bank and Northampton Institution for Savings. He boarded at the Warner House. NORTHAMPTON MASSACHUSETTS 367 58. In September, 1675, two men were shot and scalped by Indians near their homes in Paradise, while chopping wood. 59. In the early years of the town's settlement the meadows were fenced in and used in the late season as a " common field ' ' for pasturing. The fence ran from the present Connecticut river bridge along the bluffs off Bridge street to South-street bridge, and thence to the outlet of Man han river at the base of Mount Tom. 60. The high school for boys stood where the present Center-street grammar school now stands. For many years it was the only building on the ground between Main and Park streets and Gothic and State streets. 61. In October of the year 1675 a body of Indians attacked seven or eight men who were at work in Pyn chon meadow ; the men escaped and one In dian was shot and kill ed. The Indians then attacked the settlers on South street, burn ing four houses and four barns. These houses stood on what is now known as the Starkweather place, the two home-lots to the south, and one on the opposite side of the road. The Great Elm Tree In Middle Meadow, its trunk 31 feet in circumference 62. At the foot of Pleasant street, on the northerly side of the road, a little west of the railroad, stood the freight-house of Capt. David Strong. Freight was brought up Mill river in times of high water. When the water was low the freight came to Hockanum ferry, and there was a freight house on the west bank. David Strong and his son, David Strong, Jr., were the captains. Most ofthe freight to Northamp ton came by boat from Boston to Hartford, thence up the Connecticut river, through the canal at South Hadley Falls. This boating business disappeared about 1840. The old freight -house on Pleasant street re mained there many years afterward. It was a long, low wooden build ing, facing lengthwise'to the street, and stood close to the street. 368 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION 63. The bank robbers, Robert Scott and James Dunlap, used the attic of one of the two one-story brick school-houses that stood near the Bridge-street entrance to the cemetery, as their rendezvous while plan ning the robberjr of the Northampton National Bank in January, 1876. On the night of the 26th they entered the house of Cashier John Whit- telsey on Elm street, now No. 184, bound and gagged the inmates and tortured the cashier. The bank which they robbed of securities valued at $1,500,000 was in Judge Sterling's block, on the west corner of Main and Center streets. The plunder from the bank was secreted in the school-house in which the robbers had secreted themselves, where it remained for about two weeks, when the robbers returned and carried it off by way of Amherst. 64. In 1677 the meeting-house was ordered to be fortified, and it was surrounded with a line of palisades similar to that which enclosed the central part of the town. 65. ' Southampton was the first part of the original town of North ampton to be set off. It was incorporated as the "First Precinct" in 1741. Its first minister was Rev. Jonathan Judd, settled in 1743; died in 1803, after a pastorate of sixty years. The first meeting-house was erected in 1752, and stood thirty -six years. 66. Westhampton was incorporated as a town in 1778. The first minister was Rev. Enoch Hale, settled in 1778; he died in 1837, in the fifty-eighth year of his pastorate. The first meeting-house was erected in 1784. 67. Easthampton became a town in 1785. Its first minister was Rev. Payson Williston, settled in 1789, retired in 1833 after a ministry of forty-four years, and died in 1856, aged ninety-two 3'ears. The first church was organized in 1785, and the first meeting-house erected the same year; the house stood fifty-one years. Williston seminary was opened in 1841, and the first button factory in town was built in 1848. 68. The first bridge over Mill river at the "Lickingwater crossing" was built in 1673. It was repaired and improved in 1698 and a new bridge built in 1794. In 1842 a covered bridge was erected. This bridge remained in use until the new boulevard bridge was built in 1891, when it went to decay and was partly consumed by an incendiary fire on the night preceding a 4th of July. 69. On May 13, 1704, occurred the great massacre at Pascommuck. Early in the morning a body of French and Indians attacked the settle ment of five families between Mount Tom and the Manhan river near its outlet into the Connecticut. The inhabitants of the hamlet were easily overpowered and thirty-seven of them were taken captive. Capt. John Taylor, who with a troop of horsemen pursued the Indians, overtook them a few miles to the south on their way to Westfield. The Indians then killed all but half a dozen of the captives. Captain Taylor was NORTHAMPTON, iLA.SSACHUSETTS 369 shot and killed. He left a wife and eleven children. His house was on the lot afterward occupied by the Judge Joseph Lyman homestead on our Main street. 70. A palisade, made of strong stakes driven into the ground, was erected about the most thickly settled part of the town in 1675, for pro tection against the Indians. This palisade was assaulted a few months after it was built. At daybreak on the morning of March 13, 1676, a body of Indians, estimated to number 500, fell upon the settlement from the north. They broke through the palisade at lower Pleasant street. One house was burned within the fortifications and four houses outside. There was a garrison of seventy-eight men inside, and such resistance was made that the Indians soon retreated. Four settlers and a girl were killed, and fifteen to twenty Indians. i.A-"^'\|-' Edwin Kingsley House and Blacksmith Shop House on the right built 1792, tom down 1850. Holley House and Hat Factory on the left. Kingsley House and Blacksmith Shop stood where Academy of Music now stands 71. A sawmill was built in Leeds, then called the "Rail Hill dis trict," in 1800. In 1808 a cotton mill took its place. In 1812, Col. James Shepherd erected a woolen mill below the cotton mill and the latter was soon connected with it. The place was then for forty years known as "Shepherd's Hollow." The Northampton Woolen Manu facturing Co. succeeded and Stephen Brewer and Thomas Musgrave were successively its agents. Henry Clay stopped at this mill when he visited Northampton in 1833 and was presented with a roll of broadcloth made by this company as a sample of the product of American industry. Leeds is now one of the centers of the Nonotuck Silk Manufacturing Co.'s industries. 370 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION 72. In 1680 the town ordered the paUsades to be repaired, and in 1689 they were enlarged. The town ordered that married persons shouldjbuild three rods of palisade each, and single persons two rods. The western line of this fortification ran from the rear of the principal college building and President Seelye's house to Miss Tucker's (formerly Rev. Gordon HaU's), thence to Henshaw avenue, and thence to the west of H. R. Hinckley's house on Prospect street. It probably inclosed West street and extended easterly as far as the burial ground. Its length was over two miles. .V rra Old Wright House On Bridge street, built 1658, the oldest house in town 73. The house shown in the above picture is believed to be the oldest house now standing in Northampton. It has been altered since it was built by the addition of two side wings and a change in the roof in the rear, which originally sloped nearly to the ground. It stands on what was a part of the home-lot of Cornet Joseph Parsons, which embraced all the land between Bridge and Market streets that fronted on Bridge street on the south. It was built in 1658 by Mr. Parsons soon after his arrival in town, and it is supposed that he kept an inn there, as he was licensed to keep a house of entertainment. It was held in the Parsons family until 1807, when it passed into the possession of Daniel Wright and his wife, Chloe Lyman, and has remained in posses sion of their descendants ever since. Daniel Wright was postmaster of NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 371 the town twenty-five years, and his son, Ferdinand Hunt Wright, who succeeded his father in occupying the house, also served as postmaster and was the first cashier of the Hampshire Bank. His daughter. Miss Anna Wright, now occupies the house. 74. The streets of the town did not bear their present names un til 1826, when they were named by a committee appointed by the town. Some of them had been designated by the name of some prominent resident on the street, and others bore nicknames. Hawley street went by the name of "Pudding lane"; Elm street was called "New Boston"; West street to Hospital Hill bore the name of "Welch End"; Pleasant The Chauncey E. Paksons House On Bridge street, built 1744, occupied by the Parsons family 160 years street bore the name of the gate-keeper, "Bartlett's lane"; South street was called "Lickingwater"; and Park street "Stoddard's lane." Other localities were known by such names as these; North Elm street as "Abner Hunt's"; Florence as "Paul Strong's"; fork of the roads to Leeds and Williamsburg as "Sol Warner's"; near Williamsburg line east of Haydenville as "Cap'n Fairfield's"; Roberts Meadow as "Nat Edwards's"; Leeds as "Shepherd's Hollow," and before that as "Rail HiU." 75. A gristmill was built on the east side of Mill river, where Maynard's hoe-shop now stands, in 1677, and a road opened to it. This 372 OUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION was called the "Upper MiU," and the mill below was called the "Lower Mill." These names were in common use for two hundred years. Some years later a gristmill and a sawmill were built on the west bank of the "Upper MiU" waterfall and a bridge leading to them was built below the dam. 76. The house of Chauncey E. Parsons, shown in the picture, stands on the westerly side of Bridge street, facing the Common, and was built by Isaac Parsons in 1744, the year of his marriage. It has been occupied by Isaac Parsons, Josiah Parsons, Lyman Parsons and Chaun cey E. Parsons. There has been no material change in the house since its erection 160 years ago, and only descendants of the builder and first occupant have ever lived in it. It stands on what was originally a part of the farm of Cornet Joseph Parsons, purchased by him in 1674, and extended from Bridge street to Market street. The farm has been owned and occupied by Parsons families 230 years. 77. The town was without a bell in the meeting-house for "thirty- six years. Meetings had been announced by the use of a drum or trumpet. 78. In the years around 1850 the water-cure treatment was much in vogue here. Dr. Charles Munde, a German, had a water-cure estab lishment in Florence, west of Mill river, opposite the brush factory; he was preceded there by Dr. David Ruggles, a blind colored man, who opened the establishment in 1845 and died in 1849. The water-cure buildings were destroyed by fire Nov. 7, 1865. Dr. Halsted had an extensive water-cure establishment on Round Hill, occupying all of the then existing buildings north of the Clarke Institute buildings; and Dr. Edward E. Denniston had a large establishment on the west corner of North Elm street, at the junction with Prospect street, where Abner Hunt lived seventy-five years ago. 79. The first paper mill in town, which was the first manufactory here of any importance, was built by William Butler, founder of the Hampshire Gazette. It was located where the Rogers cutlery works now stand, at the westerly end of Vernon street, in what has since been known as "Paper-miU Village." Mr. Butler made there by hand all the paper used in printing the Gazette. As the publication of the Gazette was begun Sept. 6, 1786, it is probable that the paper mill was started soon after that time. In 1817, Mr. Butler sold the mill to his brother, Daniel Butler, who kept a store under the printing office on Pleasant street. He carried on the mill until his death in 1849, when it passed into the control of William Clark, who, with his sons William and Lucius, ran it many years, doing a large and profitable business. Will iam Butler erected a two-story building for his printing office on the east side of Pleasant street. That building still stands, much as it was built one hundred and eighteen years ago. It stands directly opposite Cook's block, now occupied by the Warner Furniture Co. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 373 80. On the east side of Bridge street, just north of the Josiah Par sons house, stood a small brick powder house. It was built bv John Clarke, who sold powder, and was used for storing that dangerous commodity. It was not much in use after 1850. 81. The picture of the Parsons house on South street, near the old bridge, shows one of the oldest houses in town. It was built in 1755 by Noah Parsons, Jr., son of Noah Parsons, who settled there in 17 12. The house is now about as it was when built 149 years ago. There have been none but members of the Parsons family living on this homestead The Lewis Par.sons House On South street, built in 17.5.5, and occupied by its builder and his descendants 149 years for 192 vears. First was Noah Parsons, then successively Noah Parsons, Jr., Justus Parsons, Lewis Parsons, and the present occupant, Lewis D. Parsons. The stately elm that stands in front of the house was set in 1755, the year of his marriage and the year that the house was built, by Noah Parsons, Jr. It has stood there 149 }rears. Originally theie was quite a ravine running in front of this house just west of the elm tree and leading to the river ; this ravine was partly filled when the dike was built in 1856 and entirely filled and the common graded in 1883. 374 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION 82. The lead mines in the west part of the town, near Loudville, were discovered in 1678 by Robert Lyman, a hunter. These mines created considerable interest in town for many years, and many votes relating to them are on the town records. A mining company was formed in 1679; two Boston men became interested, and something was done in working the mines, but they never yielded any profit. In 1863 the mines came into the control of Thomas E. Hastings and C. W Elton, who made considerable stir there for about two years, ending in failure and bankruptcy, 83. The first railroad to this town, the Connecticut River road, was opened in December, 1845. For one year cars were run only to Northampton; the next year the road was opened to Greenfield, and in 1849 the road was extended to the Vermont line. The second railroad to this town, "the Canal road," was opened in 1855. The branch line to Williamsburg was opened in 1867. The Massachusetts Central road was opened in 1887. 84. There was a brick cannon house near the school-houses on Bridge street, used for storing the cannon belonging to the Northampton artillery company. It stood a little to the west of the Bridge-street entrance to the cemetery. It was there in 1840 and 1850. 85. The first brickyard in town was west of King street and be tween Court and Park streets, opened in 1658. Another brickyard was opened in 1684 at the southerly end of South street, near where there is one now. 86. The first innkeeper in town was John Webb, a blacksmith, hunter and land^ speculator. His house stood on the west corner of Main and South streets. 87. The first court here was held March 24, 1658. Regular sessions began in 1661. 88. The present City Hall was completed in 1850. The gas-works were ready for business in 1856. The water-works were constructed in 1871. The Northampton dike, inclosing Maple and Fruit streets, was built in 1856. The first street railway was opened here in 1866. The Hampshire, Franklin and Hampden Agricultural Society was organized Jan. 22, 1818, and the first cattle show held Oct. 14 and 15 of the same year. The building of the Northampton Lunatic Hospital was begun in 1856 and completed in 1858. The Smith Charities were established by the will of OUver Smith of Hatfield in 1845. The Clarke Institution for Deaf Mutes was established by John Clarke in 1867. The first public library in town was begun in 1839 with the for mation of a "Book club," and from that have grown the two great hbraries founded by John Clarke and Judge Forbes. The first savings bank in town, the Northampton Institution for Savings, was organized Oct. I, 1842. The Round Hill School for boys was estabhshed by NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 375 George Bancroft and Joseph G. Cogswell in 1823 and continued in exist ence fifteen years, having at one time two hundred pupils. A law school was opened here in 1823 by Elijah H. Mills and Judge Samuel Howe, in the Lyman block, next west of the Warner House, continuing six or seven 3-ears. General Louis Kossuth, the distinguished Hunga rian exile, visited this town in April, 1852, and was given a reception in the Old Church; Hon. Lewis Strong presided and the church was crowd ed. Jenny Lind, the noted singer from Sweden, came here in 185 1 and gave a concert in the Old Church on the night before the 4th of July. Again, after her mariiage in 1852, she visited Northampton and Old To w .x Hall On Court-house Park, built 1814, tom down 1S70. Stood on a line with Court-house and Old Church. Basement used by Hook and Ladder Company. Public hay- scales between the two elm trees gave a concert in the town haU, the proceeds of S937 going to various local objects. 89. The first stage to this town began to run in August, 1792, when the post-office was established. The line ran from Springfield to Dartmouth, N. H. The stage going north came once a week, arriv ing here Monday evening, going as far as Brattleboro, where it met a stage line from Dartmouth; exchanging passengers the stage to Spring field arrived here on Thursday. A stage line to and from Boston was established in July, 1793. go. Round Hill received its name from its shape. The first house built on its summit was erected by Thomas Shepherd in 1803, and soon 376 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION afterward his brother, Levi Shepherd, erected the house next, to the north. The fourth house was built by Col. James Shepherd. These four houses stood there in 1823, when they were sold to Joseph G. Cogs well and George Bancroft for their Round Hill School for boys. 91. The Tontine building was in its day a structure of note. It stood on the easterly corner of Bridge and Hawley streets, fronted two hundred feet on Bridge street and one hundred on Hawley, and was three stories high. It was used for shops by various mechanics and had Old Clarke Tattn from Block, S h o : ,/ (if 1S40 R o ¦ This picture represents the brick store built by Samuel Clarke in 1818. It stood on the site of the present Clarke block. The picture is the only accurate representation of any portion of Shop Row as it existed previous to 1860, that is now in existence. Augustus Clarke was a son of Samuel Clarke, and succeeded his father in trade in this store in 1838. The picture shows the store as it was in 1840. It was at that time the most easterly store im Shop Row, the building below it being the dwelling-house of Theodore .Strong, on the corner ot -Main and Pleasant streets. The business of this store was that of the usual country variety store, or " department store" of modern times. a dancing hall in the third story. It was erected in 1786. There must have been a "high old time" when the frame was raised, judging by the supphes furnished. There were eighteen gaUons of rum, four gallons of brandy, thirty pounds of loaf sugar, three pounds of brown sugar, ninety-nine pounds of beef, thirty-six pounds of veal, Capt. Clarke's biU of five pounds, eight shiUings (probably for more rum, as he kept a tavern in the Washburn House close by), and cake and cheese. The building was burned in 18 16. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 92. Sylvester Judd, antiquarian, historian, compiler of the Judd manuscripts, editor of Hampshire Gazette twelve years, author of "Judd's History of Hadley," lived on the west corner of Elm street and Paradise road. 93. June 14, 1825, Gen. Lafayette came to Northampton and was given a royal reception. He came from Pittsfield over the mountains and was met at Roberts ]\leadow by Hon. Joseph Lyman, sheriff of the county, and a committee of citizens, a body of cavalrj^ and a number of citizens, and escorted to upper Elm street, where several militarv com panies were ready to greet him. The procession came into town amid the noise of cannon and a demonstration of jov rarelv witnessed. The General alighted at the Warner House, where he was introduced to the selectmen. Then followed a general reception in Alain street by the people of the town. The school children were out to greet him and flowers were strewn in his pathway. Then he stopped at the meeting house, where he was introduced to a large number of ladies. Then came a reception and dinner at the Warner House, Elijah H. Mills presiding. At two o'clock the General started for Boston, being escorted to the Connecticut river hy the same procession that escorted him into town. 94. These names were given to sections of the meadows by the first settlers: "Old Rainbow" and "Young Rainbow" to the section along the Connecticut river west of Shepherd's Island; "Walnut Trees," south of "Young Rainbow"; "Venturer's Field," from "Walnut Trees" to Pomeroy Terrace; above "Venturer's Field" up to the bridge was called "Last Division"; on the river opposite Shepherd's Island was "Bark AVigwam"; following the Connecticut to the mouth of Mill river was "Middle Meadow"; between "Middle Meadow" on the south and "Walnut Trees" and "Venturer's Field" on the north were "First," "Second" and "Third Squares"; "Manhan Meadow," named from Manhan river, embraced all now bounded by ]\Iill river on the east, the "Old Bed" on the south, and Fort Hill on the west; "Hog's Bladder" lay south of the "Old Bed"; "Pynchon's Afeadow" (120 acres) was north of Hulbert's (since known as Danks's) Pond. These names are still retained in common use. 95. Henry Clay visited Northampton in 1833. He was then a U. S. Senator from Kentucky and came here with his wife on a tour of the countrv. He was met in Springfield by a committee from Northamp ton, headed by Hon. Isaac C. Bates, and escorted into town by a caval cade of citizens. They stopped at the jMansion House, and Air. Clay attended the services in the "Old Church" on Sunday morning and at the Unitarian Church in the afternoon The next morning he started for Pittsfield, passing through "Shepherd's Hollow," where the opera tives in the woolen mill were drawn up in line to greet him. Thence on through Roberts Meadow, past "Nat Edwardses," over the turnpike, through Worthington, Peru and Pittsfield, to Albany. 378 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Isaac Gere, Goldsmith Jemima Kingsley Gere From oil paintings made in the year 1800 g6. Isaac Gere, whose portrait appears herewith, built the first brick store in Northampton, in 1808. It stood on the site of the present Northampton National Bank building, and was then "directly opposite the meeting-house." After his death, in 1812, it was sold to John Clarke, who carried on his business there until 1846. Mr. Gere came here from Preston, Conn., in 1793, and began business for himself in 1794. He was a very successful man. The original pictures, three by four feet, painted in 1800, show distinctly the dress of that time — ruffled shirt bosom, buff vest, knee breeches, silk stockings and powdered hair. In the picture Mr. Gere looks like an elderly man, because of his powdered hair, but he was only twenty-nine years of age when his portrait was painted and only forty when he died. His wife was the seventh of the nine daughters of Enos Kingsley, who lived in the house on South stieet, where his descendant. Prof. George Kingsley, lived, shown on page 379 of this book. When her portrait was painted she was only twenty years of age. These pictures are from the oldest oil paintings reproduced in this volume. 97. Florence has had a surprising growth. The first settler there was Joseph Warner, near the fork of the road to the great bridge, and none but Warners have ever lived there. In 181 2 there were only seven houses in the place, and as late as 1847 the number had increased to only about a dozen. The manufacture of silk was one of the first enter prises in the place, and to that industry Florence owes its prosperity. NORTHAMPTON. MASSACHUSETTS 379 The mulberry speculation of 1835 to 1845 was not without good results, as it created Florence. The then hamlet was one vast mulberry field; 400 to 500 acres of land were devoted to mulberry culture, under the lead of Samuel Whitmarsh. The bubble burst, but its germ lived, and one of the most flourishing of New England villages is the result. 98. Cider mills were common after apple trees came into general cultivation. There was one in 1840 at the entrance to Paradise road, owned by Ansel Jewett. The last of these mills near the center was at the South end of South street, run by Curtis W. Braman. 99. Smith College, though not an ancient historical institution, deserves mention here. It stands on historical ground of great interest. Residence or Prof. George Kingsley Cornsr Old South Street and Mill Lane — House stootl where New South Street now runs where Lieutenant William Clark built his log house in 1659. It was founded by Miss Sophia Smith of Hatfield in 1870, with an endowment of $386,608, to which the town of Northampton added $25,000. The college was dedicated July 14, 1875. The first entering class numbered thirteen. The college has grown with astonishing rapidity until the present number of students is upward of eleven hundred. Financially, also, the college has been remarkably successful, and that with only a few gifts from appreciative friends. President L. Clark Seelye has been the head of the institution from the beginning, and to his superior counsel, far-seeing wisdom and rare executive abilities the college owes very much of its remarkable prosperity. 380 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION IGO. The " Old Church." There have been twenty meeting-houses built in Northampton, four of which have been destroyed by fire, but no one of them has taken so deep a hold of the hearts of the people as the "Old Church" of 1812-1876. That old meeting-house became a part of the life of the town. It was the center around which all else revolved. It was affectionately called the "Old Church." No other building in town was so much admired, none other so much loved. It was a beau tiful specimen of architecture, and many and sad were the hearts that witnessed its destruction by fire in the afternoon of June 27, 1876. IOI. In the last sixty years the center of the town has been almost wholly changed. Hardly a building remains just as it was in 1844. With three or four exceptions, every church edifice, every public build ing, every store and shop, and every house, on Main street, have been entirely rebuilt and enlarged, or altered so as to lose their old-time appearance. The exceptions are the Holley house and barn, canal storehouse. Dr. Higbee's house, and Butler's old printing office and store building on the east side of Pleasant street. Dr. Higbee's house has been modernized in its appearance so that George Bennett, its old- time occupant, would hardly recognize it, and an addition has been made to the east side of the canal storehouse. George Bancroft, the historian and founder of the Round Hill School, should he walk these streets again, would not know where he was. The old landmarks, once so familiar to him, have disappeared; and the people, his associates in the j^ears of his prime, who listened with so much pleasure to the charm of his eloquence, they also are gone. OLD TIMES O call back yesterday, bid Time return ! Shakespeare 'Tis greatly wise to talk with our past hours. Young Tell me the tales that to me were so dear. Long, long ago; long, long ago. Thomas Hayxes Bayly I love everything that's old — old friends. Old times, old manners, old books, old wine. Goldsmith How cruelly sweet are the echoes that start When memor}^ plays an old tune on the heart. Eliza Cook Oft in the stilly night. Ere slumber's chain has bound me. Fond mem'ry brings the light Of other days around me I Thomas Moore There are no times like the old times — they shall never be forgot ! There is no place like the old place — keep green the dear old spot ! There are no friends like the old friends — may Heaven prolong their lives ! Oliver Wendell Holmes THE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS IT WAS recognized very early in the plans for the Celebration that, to make a success, the historical collection was of first impo. tance; not only because there existed a wealth of antiquities pertaining to the town's first cettlement, still in the possession of lineal descend ants of the original families in the valley, but also because the exhi bition of these relics would constitute about the only substantial evi dence for justifying the Celebration. To properly cover this field, a special committee of twenty-two was nominated by the Celebration Committee of fifteen and appointed by the city government, and in cluded Thomas M. Shepherd as designated chairman of the committee. This committee, recognizing the peculiar significance of this department of the Cele bration, desired to avoid what might be called only a loan exhibition of antiques, having possibly little or no historic bearing, and to direct all efforts to a more dignified and higher purpose. Their two great aims were, firstly, to illustrate the religious, social, political and business character of the early settlers, as might be shown by the existing possessions, arranged in an attractive man ner; and, secondly, to secure, if possible, the loan of authentic heirlooms, documents and articles, relating to the settlement of the town itself, during its early stages of develop ment and the collection of articles which belonged to or were associated with noted local personages. In order to insure unity of action and to guard against wasted effort, the committee unanimously adopted, at the first meeting, a detailed plan, devised by the chairman, whereby they divided them selves into five sub-committees, of information, exhibition, soUcita- tion, transportation, and protection, a few members of each commit tee being responsible for that committee's work, yet each member being liable to be called upon for active work, and each committee reporting their actions and requests to the general chairman. NORTHAMPTON. MASSACHUSETTS 383 The sub-committ e of information sought to gain all possible in formation regarding the whereabouts of the relics desired, and report them to the committee on solicitation. They were also expected to give information regarding these articles to the visitors. John L. Mather was chairman and he was assisted by Prof. Mar}^ A. Jordan and Prof. Harry N. Gardiner. Seth S. Warner was chairman of the solicitation committee, and, assisted by Miss Harriet J. Kneeland, Miss Nancv L. MiUer and Mrs. Gertrude Quimby Clapp, direct appeal was made to the owners of articles desired. Few persons can realize the large amount of pa tience, judgment, tact and time required in this department, unless they have been in a similar position, for the owners of many of the valuable relics desired were extremely unwilling to remove them from their time-honored positions, and risk their loss in the required transit. To counteract this objection a system was devised by the general chairman, whereby a receipt was handed to the owners of articles, on removal to the place of exhibition, to be surrendered again upon their return. This was carried out by means of a specially prepared coupon book, which furnished a receipt for the owner, a coupon to be fastened to the article, and a record of the article itself, for the information of the exhibition committee. This objection was still further removed by the labor of Dr. Osmore O. Roberts, Henry N. Ferr}- of the protection committee, and others, who sought in every way to guard the relics from fire and theft, both by ample fire insurance and special watchmen from the fire department day and night, by private detectives, and by limiting attendance at any one time to fifty people. In order to prevent possible handling of these exhibits by dis honest people, a strict rule was made that no one, not even the com mittee themselves, was to be allowed to touch the articles, during the hours of exhibition. Frank I. Washburn principally, assisted by William F. Pratt and Robert E. Edwards, arranged for the careful transportation of the relics and their return. The very careful services of George W. Wade and other employes greatly facilitated their labors. The committee of exhibition arranged the collection itself, in the appropriate setting provided. Great credit is deservedly given to the very efficient chairman, Mrs. Gertrude Quimby Clapp, for the appro- 384 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION priate selection of the articles best suited to represent the setting of the old-time rooms, in which work she was assisted by Mrs. David W. Crafts, Miss Adelene Moffat, Miss Harriet L. Clapp, Miss Mary St. John WiUcox and others. To the good judgment, tact, earnestness and self-denying labor of all the active members of these committees the people are indebted for the success of the whole exhibition. The collection was appropriately housed in the Boise (and Bell) homestead on Gothic street, an old colonial homestead, recently ac quired and generously loaned by the woman's department of the Home Culture Clubs of the city, as part of their contribution to the Celebra tion, and certainly the attractive old mansion, with its white painted pillars and porticos, standing on a slight eminence, above the street, and easily found, was a fit repository for the treasures it contained. In this old homestead the exhibition committee, with much good taste, arranged the articles, so as to portray the peculiar customs of bygone days, grouping them in the appropriate places and man ner; so that visitors, on enter ing the doorway, found prac tically the facsimile of a home of the olden time. On the second floor, two bedrooms, with their ancient four-post beds and toilet tables; on the first, the library, two parlors, dining-room and kitchen, each equipped with unusual completeness and appropriateness. It is evidently impossible, in the space allotted, to adequately describe or even mention but a small portion of this large and beau tiful collection. Nearly every article was rare, even exceptional of its kind. Some were delicate, ornate and costly; others austere and practical, each having its own interesting story of national glory, in peace or war, of domestic privation, industry and success. So dearly and closely are these rehcs esteemed that it was almost Household Arts Building of Home Culture Clubs, ox Gothic Street NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 385 a desecration to ask even the temporary loan, under all the safeguards provided, and only with evident reluctance and after earnest solici tation did some of them leave the owners' hands. Who could relate all the traditions, sentiment and history con nected with these many ancient relics, but very few of which were less than IGO years of age? Not a few were enveloped with those charm ing, misty legends of tender home associations, of pride, devotion, love, all sufficiently true today to find many believing listeners, glad to circulate and possibly magnify the interesting tales. Many phases of life, many arts and industries, were represented, ranging from the little piece of bed ticking, made from flax, sown, grown, hatcheled, dyed and woven in the town of Southampton, to the bluish gray satin suit worn by John Huggerford, at the Court of England, in 1774. There were first attempts at family portraitures, antedating the silhouette and the daguerreotype in the embroidered "family pieces." There were linen pillow slips, showing the many painstaking stitches of our great -grandmothers ; relics of the historical characters of the town. Major Hawley's desk and christening robe. Colonel Porter's carving set. Judge Henshaw 's buckles, and the sermon notes of that old-time divine. Rev. Timothy Edwards. There were portraits of famous men, from Washington and Choate to local celebrities, like the TrumbuUs and Henshaws. There was the diary of Gen. Seth Pomeroy, and pewter tankards, made by that old-time silversmith and hero, Paul Revere, Millennium and Pilgrim plates, now almost worth their weight in gold, a cane made from the wood of the old church in Deerfield, with its tragic associations of Indian raids and mas sacres, "highboys," "lowboys," Mayflower tables, Chippendale and Hepplewhite chairs, and old oaken brass-bound chests, and many other relics and examples of the life long ago faded into the past. As it is so evidently impossible to describe all these many interest ing exhibits, singly and with detail, in the space allotted, we can only list briefly the general catalogue of the collection, arranged alphabet ically and according to ownership. Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard M. Abbott. It is ndt often that the receipts for articles purchased are preserved and handed down in the family more than a hundred 3'ears, but the authenticity of an ancient 386 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION pewter tankard, exhibited by Mrs. Abbott, was thus established, for it tells us that it was bought by her great-grandfather, Samuel Barker, in 1768, and cost two pounds sterling. Neither is it probable that little Priscilla Flynt was thinking of the ultimate destination of the sampler which she so laboriously made when she embroidered upon it her name, date and age, just nine years old, in 1796. Here, too, were the slippers belonging to the wedding outfit of another ancestor, made in Lynn in 1775; and also an embroidered skirt from the same exhibitor. Miss Clara C. Allen. A "licquor case," with bottles and glasses used in travelling many years ago. These were imported by the Champlins of Newport, ancestors of Miss Allen, and bear the date of 1765- Miss M. Annette Allen. An ancient and beautiful mirror, framed in gilt and rosewood, which appears in the photograph of the dining-room, just showing through the open door of the library. Miss Mary T. Allis. Another mirror, which is said to have once reflected the fair face of that belle of the long ago. Miss Polly Pome roy, who once lived in the old colonial house, situated where the Ma sonic block now stands. Mrs. Ann W. Alvord. A pitcher, with Governor Strong's por trait upon it, exhibited in the library. Lewis F. Babbitt. The Rev. Timothy Edwards of East Wind sor, Conn., lived and preached at a period when sermons were lengthy dissertations and the chief requisite of a minister was that he should be a good sermonizer. The ' ' Thumb Notes ' ' that this old-time parson used, were here exhibited by his descendants, through Anna Edwards, one of his ten children and a sister of Jonathan Edwards, the famous metaphysician. Miss Jane F. Bigelow. The Arts and Crafts societies are now copying the patterns and colorings of the old blue and white bed spreads used so many years ago. The article exhibited by Miss Big elow was a fine example of the lost art of home coloring, of a time when the blue dye tub was a household institution. This spread was used to cover the Mayflower table seen in the photograph of the back parlor. She also exhibited an embroidered picture, which can be seen in the illustration hanging near the spinnet. Miss Clara P. Bodman. Desirable articles from a collector's point of view are the examples of illustrated crockery made to com memorate notable events, in the early part of the 19th century. Miss Bodman had here some choice souvenirs of this nature, and of great commercial value now. Among them were a Boston State House plate. States plate, Mt. Vernon pitcher, and a Lafayette-at-the-tomb- of-Franklin teapot. The soup tureen, once among the furnishings of PoUy Pomeroy, seen in the picture on the Mayflower table in the NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 387 dining-room, was also included in this collection of china. She also ex hibited a lantern, one of the relics of the handiwork of Paul Revere. Perhaps this lantern was of the same pattern as that hung in the bell- fry of the Old North Church, by William Dawes, on that notable night of long ago, when Revere went galloping down through Middlesex villages, on his errand of warning. The foot-stove and warming-pan, also in Miss Bodman's collection, well showed the hardships of those days, and, contrasted with the furnaces and hot-water bags of the present, seem but poor comforts. Miss Hannah E. Brewer. Another relic of the Paul Revere days was a tankard of silver, one of the samples of his handiwork and truly authentic, for his name was embossed upon its surface. Miss Brewer also loaned a silver pepper pot or box, said to be over 175 years old, and made by that hero of ancient days. In the parlor was hung a portrait of Judge Joseph Lyman, grandfather of Frank Lyman. Charles J. Bridgman. Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. David Judd, ancestors of Mr. Bridgman. Mr. Judd is said to have built the old court-house. These portraits hung over the spinnet in the parlor and are seen in the photograph. Also two ivory miniatures of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Bridgman, his grandparents. Miss Sarah M. Butler. Miss Butler exhibited, besides some ancient candlesticks and salt cellars, an army commission of her father, Jonathan Hunt Butler. William A. Champney. A reproduction of Stuart's beautiful portrait of George Washington. Haynes H. Chilson. A very ancient Chinese plate, once owned by Hon. Isaac C. Bates, when Senator of the United States from North ampton. Mrs. Gertrude Quimby Clapp. Both Mrs. Clapp and her sister. Miss Flora Quimby, exhibited some interesting articles, which, though not all of strictly local interest, served as an excellent illustration of the early period represented by this exhibition. Notable among them was a tea urn, made about one hundred and thirty years ago, of copper, silver plated, a method of manufacture which is being revived by the silversmiths of today. It was of a graceful shape and in it there was a solid iron plunger, which when heated served to keep the beverage warm. From this urn tea was served to Old Portrait of Lafayette 388 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Lafayette during his visit to Concord, Mass., in 1825. Mrs. Clapp and Miss Quimby also sent to the exihibtion, mirrors, table, chairs, etc., some of which belonged to the Cephas Clapp family, and which, besides being very old, helped to give an attractive appearance to the rooms Miss Frances A. Clark. LAFAYETTE IN NORTHAMPTON — 1825 From a very old wood cut illustrating Lafayette street reception There was seen in the dining-room, at the left hand of the sideboard, an ancient platter enclosed in a glass case. This can be noticed in the photograph and was the property of Miss Clark. It was one of the wedding presents of her great-grandmother and is said to be 150 years old. Also, a program of one of the Jenny Lind concerts, and one of those ancient cane swords, which seemed to be a cane until closer inspection revealed the fact that there was a sword concealed in the hollow tube of the cane. These canes were used in Revolutionary times, from which this one dated. Dr. Sidney A. Clark. Two plates of much value among the antiques. One was of the Dr. Syntax pattern and the other repre sented the landing of Lafayette. Dr. Clark also loaned several other interesting and valuable pieces. Misses Julia C. and Annie B. Clarke. One of the most inter esting exhibits. In the picture of the front parlor, at the left hand side, can be seen Major Hawley's handsome maple desk, and upon it are placed a tea caddy and china bowl, from his household furnish ings. The curtains hanging near it were originally bed curtains and were separated over one hundred years ago. One was handed down in the Northampton branch of the family and the other became the property of relatives in Plainfield and was used as a bedspread and for other purposes. At last, after one hundred years separation, these two curtains were brought together for this exhibition. The Misses Clarke also loaned three handsome chairs, which were part of the wed ding presents of Anna Barnard, who married Joseph Clarke, grand father of the present owners, and who died in 1774. He was the nephew of Major Hawley's wife, and was named for and adopted by Major Hawley. Mrs. David C. Crafts. Mrs. Crafts exhibited a large collection of ancient and valuable china, which was shown in the cabinet in the dining-room One of the rarest pieces was a custard cup of the NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 389 Boston State House pattern, which possessed the peculiar distinction of an unbroken cover. There was also a Herculaneum platter, a Mt. Vernon pitcher and a Franklin sugar bowl. Another article was a sugar bowl made of the old Liverpool ware, verv seldom seen, as the Liverpool ware was made of poor clay and hence broke easily. There fore its rarity now. Besides the china Mrs. Crafts loaned a sundial which once belonged to Amasa Case of Bloomfield, Conn., four gener ations back. Opposite Mr. Case's front door and from a cherry tree near by, there hung a copper bell, which was rung by means of a wire, for five minutes each day, as determined by the sundial, at the hour of twelve and also on special occasions. But as the sundial refused to work on cloudy days, there was then no bell, and the neighborhood had no timepiece. Mrs. Chester H. Dakin. Mrs. Dakin gave to the collection a rare and beautiful evidence of early local art in the shape of a powder horn. These powder horns were made from the horns of oxen, first scraped very thin, and then engraved. The light showing through the thin surface of the horn brought out the engraving and made the article very beautiful. The one shown was a fine example of this early species of art work. These horns were the only means of carrying powder in those days, and are often seen in the illustrations of the battles and skirmishes of the Revolution. Milton E. Daniels. An ancient sofa, seen in the back parlor, and said to be the first brought to the town of Northampton. Mrs. Milton E. Daniels. One of the three objects of the His torical Collections Committee was to show the early methods of sup plying household needs. A fine example of this were the spools for winding yarn, called "Swifts," which were loaned by Mrs. Daniels. Mrs. Henry C. Day. Two pair of brass candlesticks, one of which may be seen in the photograph of the front parlor, standing on the table. Lucius Dimock. An oil painting representing the early appear ance of Main street, at the corner of King street. Miss Fannie W. Edwards. Pillowcases belonging to Miss Ed wards' great-great-grandmother, being a part of her wedding outfit, and dating from 1759. Miss Mary Ann Edwards. A bead bag and necklace, samples of the early beadwork which has been somewhat revived at the present day. Also some china plates. Robert E. Edwards. A number of years ago Dr. William Prince was superintendent at the Insane Asylum, and at that time purchased and had, in his rustic cottage on Park Hill, the fine example of an early style of table which shows so prominently in the pictures of the din ing-room. This he purchased of Deacon Bartlett of Westhampton, Historical Collections in the Household Arts (Harriett James) Building of the Home Culture Clubs Dining - Room NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 391 who called it a Mayflower table. It is known to the trade, however, as a thousand-legged table. This, which later came into the possession of Mr. Edwards, is a beautiful specimen. Another interesting exhibit was a water-color picture, painted by Mary Ann Gibbs, a member of one of the early prominent families of Blandford, which was at that time, with all the towns in Hampden, Franklin and Berkshire, a part of Hampshire County. Besides these Mr. Edwards sent an old num ber of the Hampshire Gazette, of interest and value, as it bore the mourning borders for the death of George Washington, and was the first issue after that event. Another of Mr. Edwards' exhibits was the handsome mirror which hung in the hall. The Ferry-King Collection. Mrs. Henry N. Ferry. Mrs. Ferry had a large and interesting collection, which also contained the rarest exhibit of the whole, and the one most truly representing the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Cel ebration. This was the cane of Capt. John King, the son of Sir John King, who was Secretary of Ireland under Queen Elizabeth. Captain King came over from England and settled here in 1655, where King street now is, and later named the new settlement Northampton, after his old home in England. The engraved pewter-headed cane was carried by him at that time, and was truly the most precious relic of the whole loan collection. It was procured by Mrs. Ferry of the ninth generation, from its owner, George Warren King of Middleport, N. Y., another descendant of the old captain, who generously con sented to send it to her for this purpose. Contemporary in point of time with the cane was an Indian war club, captured from the ma rauding tribes by Lieut. John King, son of the captain, and who mar ried the daughter of Deacon Medad Pomeroy. Both are used as vig nettes at the head of this chapter. Mrs. Ferry also sent copies of the early newspapers, with the unfamiliar names of the Hive, Oracle, and Democrat, maps and early text-books, souvenir papers of the time of Jenny Lind's visit in 1852, an Oxford Bible printed in the year 1728, samplers, mugs, and a spoon once belonging to Judge Charles E. Forbes and bearing his monogram; an embroidery table and a fine example of the simple form of cradle used in days of old, made of the plainest wood, and with a wooden hood at the end. Edward N. Foote. Safety deposit boxes are a comparatively recent invention. In old times, when there were none, people relied upon secret drawers in their desks, and placed their valuable docu ments therein. Mr. Foote loaned one of these desks, with its secret drawer. Also one of the tall highboys, said to be two hundred years old, and which was placed in the back parlor near the door. Besides these he sent a Lafayette pitcher, given to his great-grandfather in 1824. 392 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Prof. Harry N. Gardiner. The handsome mahogany sofa which stood in the hall was loaned with other furniture by Professor Gard iner. The Windsor rocking-chair, with a high comb back, which can be seen in the picture of the dining-room, standing before the open door of the library, was one of these. Its arms were considerably mutilated, perhaps by some one dreaming before the fire and occupy ing his time by whittling; an ancient custom, now happily going into desuetude. Henry S. Gere. A framed certificate given by Joseph Lyman, president, and J. H. Lyman, secretary, of the Hampshire, Franklin and Hampden Agricultural Society, as a prize for the best calf exhibited at the first fair held by this society, by Chester Smith of Smith's Ferry, Oct. 20, 1819, and of interest, as it was one of the few relics shown of this old society, now nearly one hundred years established. John C. Hammond. Mr. Hammond sent an antique, which in point of age antedated even Captain King's cane, being a copy of Dyer's reports published in London in the long ago days of 1585. Mrs. John S. Hitchcock. A knee buckle, once worn by George Washington. This was a part of a set for coat, knee and shoes and was given to Mrs. Hitchcock's great-grandfather by Nellie Custis, the step -daughter of George Washington. David E. Hoxie. A pewter dish, once used for collecting tolls at Roberts Meadow, in the palmy days of stage-coaching, when the four-in-hands rolled merrily along the old Bay Road, from Boston to Albany. Also the quaint candle holder standing in the dining- room, and what was of great interest to the student of early crafts, a set of tools used in preparing leather for use, called then reducing leather, such as the tanning, removing hair, blacking and polishing of hides. Prof. Mary E. Jordan. The sideboard standing in the dining- room was owned and exhibited by Prof. Mary E. Jordan of Smith College. It was a fine example of the i8th century sideboard, with its so-called wine partitions, for holding bottles of wine, then a sup posed necessary adjunct of every well-to-do New England household, for it was used at a time when flip and toddy glasses took the places of the tea cups of nowadays. Miss Jordan also sent a corner cupboard, which contained her fine collection of china, a collection of slight local significance, but of great value here, as illustrating the household utensils of early days. The copper urn on the sideboard was also hers, as well as the large soup tureen, a tureen made to accommodate the needs of the large families of those times. A visitor from the hill towns was shown this, and was afterwards heard to exclaim, "It's no such thing. It's nothing in the world but a baby's bathtub. Why, my grandmother had one Uke it." Miss Jordan also loaned a clock, said to be the first in the town of Chesterfield, a copy of Trumbull's famous portrait of Washington, mirrors, lowboys, etc. NORTHAMPTON. MASSACHUSETTS 393 Miss Harriet J. Kneeland. Miss Kneeland loaned portraits of her grandfather and grandmother, Seth Strong and his wife, Phoebe. Mr. Strong was a descendant of Elder John Strong, who was one of the first elders in the town, coming here soon after its settlement. Seth Strong fought in the war of 1812, was a member of the Legisla ture in 1833, and built the famous round house on Maple street. An other exhibit of interest in the county were the andirons of an old- time parson, the Rev. Moses Hallock of Plainfield, famous as being the instructor of many young men who afterwards made themselves noted. Among others he prepared William Cullen Bryant for Will iams College. Miss Ellen E. Kneeland. A handsome mirror and one of the old embroidered pictures. Mrs. Wallace H. Krause. Mrs. Krause possesses a number of the belongings of two of the local celebrities. Senator Isaac C. Bates and Judge Henshaw. Among those of the former here shown were some specimens of old Canton China silverware and glass, and with them a cup and saucer used when Daniel Webster visited the Senator. Also furniture, cane, bell, and an old chest, shaped like a log, and covered with leather, of which the hair was left on, in a manner that but few of us have seen. Of Judge Henshaw's be longings, there were shown the Paul Revere teapot, owned by him, and portraits of Judge and Mrs. Henshaw, and also of Senator and Mrs. Bates. Samuel W Lee. Mr. Lee's exhibit was a cane made from wood used in building the old church in Deerfield, associated in our minds with the sad tales of Indian raids, and bloody tragedies of the 17th century, which make the darkest chapters in the history of Western Massachusetts. Albert A. and Robert W. Lyman. An old chair, once the possession of their great-grandfather, Jonathan Judd. Also his concordance, dated in 1662, and of a time when the Bible was interpreted in a very different and more literal manner than now. This Mr. Jonathan Judd was the friend of Jonathan Edwards and is said to have escorted him to Stockbridge after his dismission. There was also in this donation, books and an ancient pair of bellows. By another exhibitor was loaned the cradle of the historian, Syl vester Judd. This was procured in New Jersey. Mrs. Isaac C. Bates In Old Age Historical Collections in the Household Arts (Harriett James) Building of the Home Culture Clubs Front and Rear Parlor NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 39.5 John L. Mather. An interesting collection, of which one of the oldest pieces shown was a tall clock, handed down in the family for five generations and formerly owned by Dr. Samuel Mather, of the noted family of Increase and Cotton Mather, the latter a celebrated exponent and believer in the famous witch delusion. One of this family, Eleazar Mather, was born on May 13, 1637; graduated from the infant college of Harvard in 1656; removed to Northampton in 1658; was ordained minister there on June 18, 1661, and died on July 4, 1669. Mr. Mather also loaned the great silver watch, once the property of his great-grandfather. Dr. Elisha Mather, one of the old-time phy sicians of the town, born in 1706, a graduate of Yale in the class of 1726 and who died in 1779. The first Eleazar, father of Eleazar, the first minister, as above mentioned, was educated abroad, and brought back with him a copy of the family coat of arms, which was here shown. The three-cornered mahogany table used to partly fur nish one of the bedrooms, was traced back to Dr. Samuel Mather, but is thought to have possibly belonged to Esther, widow of Rev. Eleazar, who later married Rev. Solomon Stoddard and was grandmother of Rev. Jonathan Edwards. Besides these interesting exhibits, Mr. Mather sent a collection of deeds of great age and value. One was from Jonathan Edwards, to Samuel Mather, for land on the Hatfield road, now King street, for which £^4. was paid on June 3, 1753. Another from Hope Root to Dr. Samuel Mather, the land where the City Hotel now stands, for £^0 on May 3, 1734. One from Asahel Pomeroy to Eleazar Mather, and the last from Nathaniel Dickinson to Samuel Mather in 1754, for land in the Walnut Tree division of the Northampton meadows. A daughter of Rev. Eleazar Mather is said to have been one of the victims of the Indian raids and was abducted from Deerfield, carried toward Canada and murdered on the way. Another exhibit portraying the life of those early years was the flip-glass and toddy-stick, used when sugar was imported in a hard loaf, and having been broken into lumps, was pounded in the glass with the toddy-stick, in order to dissolve the quicker. Mrs. Charles A. Maynard. A high four-poster bedstead, of the kind used when people climbed up a set of steps and into a mountain of featherbeds. This was formerly the property of the famous Dr. Charles Seeger and was used to furnish one of the bed rooms here. Miss Nancy L. Miller. The flreplaces of the olden time were the first method of heating houses. Next came the fire frames, made of iron and projecting from the fireplaces. After this, the Franklin stoves were invented, and lastly that comparatively recent invention, box stoves, now in general use. Miss Miller loaned a fine specimen 396 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION of the Franklin stove, which can be seen in the photo of the dining- room. Another of her exhibits was a cradle which once rocked to sleep Guy Minshall, afterwards inventor of numerous useful articles, such as looms. One invention was a liquid used to apply to steel to straighten it. Mr. Minshall died without having imparted the secret, which, as the last was used without analysis, is now lost. He was the grandfather of the late James R. Trumbull. His portrait and that of his wife when young were also loaned by Miss Miller, as well as the old-fashioned clock, seen in the photograph standing on the spinnet, besides other furniture, hand-woven blankets, and a collection of val uable china. Dr. Arthur G. Minshall. A brass lamp found in the old home stead of Gov. Caleb Strong. Its unusual design authenticates this date. Miss Adelene Moffat. Miss Moffat exhibited a number of ex cellent examples of household furnishings of the period covered by the Celebration. One was a pewter lamp made to burn sperm oil. Another was the pair of buckskin breeches seen in the library, and formerly the property of an old Northampton parson. They were once worn in the Revolutionary war, by an officer. She also loaned a collection of china, costumes, embroideries and tapestries, of much value and interest. The Munroe Collection. Miss Harriet L. Clapp and Thomas Munroe Shepherd. This collection has several interesting facts and legends connected with it, and what is of much interest, these dates are verified, by well au thenticated histories, existing deeds and family records. The articles shown were relics of the Middlecott and Foye fam ilies, direct descendants of Mary Chilton of the Mayfiower, who, it is said, in her haste to be the first woman to land on Plymouth Rock, jumped into the water to her knees. Mary Chilton married John Winslow, Oct. 12, 1624, and their daughter Sarah, whose first husband was a son of Miles Standish, married later Richard Middlecott, who lived on Beacon Hill, Boston, very near where the State House now is, and near the site of the place where the gallows stood and witches were hanged, and later that of the Beacon. On March 26, 1702, their daughter Sarah married Louis Boucher, a wealthy Huguenot exile, who, it is said, was descended from the Plantagenets. The silverware here shown belonged to this Sarah Middlecott-Boucher, and her daughter Sarah, who married John Foye of Boston, Oct. 23, 1729. The Foyes and their children lived where the Charlestown navy yard now is. Before the British burned Charlestown the family fled, NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 397 and being unable to take all their possessions, deposited some for safe keeping in their well. After peace was declared they returned and secured the silver from the well, a part of which was here exhibited. Among this solid silverware was a tankard, porringer, saltcellar, pepper box, sugar tongs, sundry spoons, and a large spoon, its mark almost obliterated and its surface worn smooth by the frequent stirring of that homely dish of our forefathers, hasty pudding; all solid and marked with the initials of Sarah Middlecott, granddaughter of Mary Chilton, and also Sarah, John and Elizabeth Foye. The latter married David Munroe, a relative of Ensign Munroe, who was killed on Lexington Green and whose blood was the first shed in the Revolution. All were ancestors of Miss Clapp. In the center of the case which held this collection was an ex quisite miniature, painted on ivory surrounded by small pearls and mounted in the form of a locket, of Mrs. John Foye Munroe, the wife of the son of Elizabeth and David Munroe and the grandmother of Thomas M. Shepherd. There was also shown a large and handsome Russian samovar, belonging to this Mrs. Munroe and brought here by a sea captain in the early part of the 19th century. Also a carved mahogany high-post bedstead, silhouette, etc., all brought to North ampton in the middle of the last century. Miss Clapp also exhibited a pair of Chinese plates, dating from the time of the Bouchers, made in China for the export trade and with the rims, contrary to Chinese custom. Also a pair of very old French -heeled slippers, red velvet vest and other antiques. Miss Sarah P Parsons. Hand-woven woolen sheets, made at a time when all the wearing apparel and bed clothing used in the house hold was made by the untiring, industrious hands of the women, and used in those cold winter nights when the snow sifted through the shingles and lay on the beds of our ancestors, if they may be believed. Mrs. Parsons also loaned an ancient volume of the Panoplist, and also a branding iron, one of the old methods of burning names and initials on tools, etc. Mrs. Samuel B. Parsons. A warming pan belonging to the old Parsons family of Northampton, and also old pewter utensils and newspapers. Miss Luella L. Peck of Smith College. Miss Peck loaned some interesting pieces, among them the three pewter platters seen on the mantelpiece in the dining-room. Also an odd nest of six pewter bowls, a toilet set of four pieces, the only example shown of the flowing-blue ware. An ancient chair from Hatfield, and a bowl from the old Kel logg famil}' of Hadley, a portrait of Washington, a travelling flask with De Witt Clinton's portrait upon it, and some rare ch'na. Mrs. a. Perry Peck. A sample of the early bead work, in the form of necklaces. 398 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Mrs. George S. Phelps. Fair Polly Pomeroy must have been fond of gazing in the looking glass at her reflection there, for another of these useful articles, said to be hers, was loaned by Mrs. Phelps and hung in the back parlor. Mrs. William S. Phillips. A singing book, passed down through the generations from the time when singers pitched their tunes with the aid of a tuning fork, and sang the doleful fugues in favor then. William F. Pratt. Mr. Pratt sent to the collection a beautiful example of the household furniture used many years ago, in the form of a table made of light mahogany with borders of white holly- wood. This was once the property of a son of Gov. Caleb Strong. It was accompanied by an antique chair of interesting design. Mrs. John Prince. Two miniatures of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Tre- cothick Apthorp, Mrs. Prince's grandparents. Mr. Apthorp was the president of one of the banks in Boston, probably one of the first banks in this country, and the beautiful snuff box given him by the offi cials of the bank was also among this collection. There was also a solid silver tankard bearing the trade-mark of Paul Revere ; a fan case that belonged to Miss Kate Prince, and also fans, earrings, etc., and four gentlemen's vests, made when the wardrobe of the men was not as sombre as now, and vests particularly were made of gaily-colored silks and satins, with gored flaring skirts and brass buttons. There was also a knife case, bearing a coat of arms, and with the date 1795. Mrs. Josiah H. Prindle. An old newspapersof some local interest was sent by Mrs. Prindle. It contained one of the proclamations of our old- time Governor, Caleb Strong. She also loaned the great iron key which once unlocked the doors of the old jail, on Pleasant street. A story is told of this key, to the effect that a gang of marauders once endeavored to rescue a prisoner in the jailer's absence. His vigilant wife hid the keys in her clothing and then followed the ruffians around the house, while they sought for the key in all the rooms, not thinking that the object of their hieam Ferry search was constantly near them. oid jailer at stone jaii on piea.ant St., 1849, with the Jail Keys NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 399 Mrs. Prindle also loaned a cup and saucer bearing the date 1799, and another flip mug. Flip was a favorite beverage in those days. Mrs. Myron Ray. Mrs. Ray loaned several unique relics. One was the dress suit worn by Mr. John Huggerford at the Court of Eng land, in 1774. It was an elegant garment, made of bluish gray striped and flowered silk and was seen on a form in the library. "This old- time courtier was the grandfather of the late Caroline M. Huggerford, wife of Judge William G. Sterling. There was also a gentleman's vest and two dress suit cases of the kind used one hundred years ago. These were made of rattan, and consisted of four or five trays; one fitted in the top of the next and all bound together with a handle of the same material and secured in place by means of a lock and key. They were round in shape and were used by people of elegance in the days of stagecoach travelling. One feature was somewhat amusing, as the woman's suit case was made to hold more than twice as much as that designed for the man. To use a homely simile, the former would hold about a bushel and the latter a peck. Dr. Osmore 0. Roberts. The first antique noticed by the vis itor on entering the hall was an old oak chest that stood there. This was very large and bore the date of 1700 carved on its side. From point of size and elegance it would have been a fit hiding place for Geneva in the old sad story of the mistletoe bough. The beautiful carved table which appears so prominently in the picture of the front parlor was also loaned by Dr. Roberts and once belonged in a rich Hat field family. It was made of mahogany and beautifully inlaid, with the legs and feet elaborately carved. It dated from a time when Hatfield was the second richest town in Massachusetts in proportion to its population. Another exhibit was a beautiful sewing table with glass knobs on the drawers thereof, and also other rich articles, in cluding Governor Strong's andirons. Miss Stella Shaw. Another very interesting relic of Major Hawley was the little silken robe used for his christening, which can be seen hanging at the right of the desk in the picture. The curtains, with their romantic story of separation and reunion, the desk which he used as a man, and which contained an autograph letter written to him by President John Adams, and the queer little robe which clothed him as an infant, formed one of the most interesting features of the collection. The Shepherd-Pomeroy Collection. Mrs. Frederick W. Sizer, Mrs. Katherine Tryon (Shepherd) Smith, George Eltweed Pomeroy and Thomas Munroe Shepherd. — General Seth Pomeroy was well known in those days as a gunsmith. So well known in fact that the Indians of Canada frequently traveled down through northern forests and waterways, to barter for his superior 400 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Mrs. Levi Shepherd Daughter of Gen. Seth Pomeroy guns. They were often given a lodg ing on the fioor of the Pomeroy kitchen, for a night, and once, at such a time, Mary Pomeroy made her first appear ance in the world. These facts make extremely interesting the old fiint-lock musket here exhibited, and made by his own hands, possibly on the old anvil, brought to the exhibition by a Pomeroy of Easthampton. Other relics of the famous local war rior were his seal and coat of arms, owned by Mr. Shepherd, and the most valuable of all was his diary, which was guarded with especial care, as it was highly prized by its owner, George Eltweed Pomeroy of Toledo, Ohio, who was one of the most interested visitors to the Celebration, taking great pains to send this ancient relic, and also to be present himself. This diary was written during General Pomeroy's campaigns about the time of the seige of Louisburg, and also contained figures of estimates and expenses incidental to that time and later. Lastly there were the photo graphs of " the old church in PeekskiU, N. Y., where he died, when in active service, as Brig adier General, with Washington, and of the monument erected to his memory by descendants and the sons of the Revolution. There were also mementos of his children, a photograph of a watercolor portrait of his daughter Mary and a dressing table (or low boy) which was among her wed ding presents when she became the wife of Dr. Levi Shepherd on May 26, 1 77 1, and a Chippendale chair, dating from about 1790, Reproduction from ivory miniature portrait of Thomas Shepherd (1778-18';6) Son ot Levi Shepherd (1744-1805) Postmaster 1830-1841 and 1845-6. Held several other important offices, was a pioneer merchant, manufacturer and exporter, and a strong friend and supporter of President Andrew Jackson. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 401 which was also among her furnishings. These belonged to Mr. Shepherd. Of great interest also was her manuscript journal, covering the years from 1803 to 1807, loaned by Mrs. Katherine T. S. Smith, who also sent the silver tea service belonging to Thomas Shepherd, the son of Levi and Mary Pomeroy Shepherd, and his wife, parents of the late Henry Shepherd. From the early days of the last century, when "the cup that cheers " was brewed in the soapstone house, built on Round Hill by Thomas Shepherd, until now, nearly one hundred years later, this silver has been used and enjoyed by five generations. A romantic story is connected with the. gold and cornelian ear rings, which formed another feature of Mrs. Smith's donation to the Old Pomeroy House on Bridge Residence of Thomas M. Shepherd Street exhibition. These belonged to a granddaughter of Gen. Seth Pome roy. They were given her by a cousin to whom she was engaged to be married, but afterwards political strife estranged their families and the engagement was broken. She never married, and in her old age gave the earrings to a daughter of her old lover. Mrs. Smith also sent several dainty specimens of needlework once belonging to the mother of Henry Shepherd, and also a sampler, which speaks for itself, where the child fingers more than a hundred years ago stitched in the rec ord, "Catherine Tryon's Sampler, August 19, 1794; aged 12." Sarah, another daughter of General Pomeroy, married a Burbank, and a descendant of hers, Mrs. Frederick W. Sizer of New Haven, ROUND HILL AS IT APPEARED ABOUT 1810 With houses on the hill, built by Thomas, Levi and Charles Shepherd, still standing, and the house corner of Prospect and Summer streets, then occupied by Jabez French, on the left. Of the three houses on the hUl, the first on the left was built in 1803, by Thomas Shepherd, of soapstone brought from Middlefield, and with the center building forms a part of the present Clarice School property. The third large building is now occupied by Jiidge Strickland. This picture was taken about twenty years before the somewhat similar one which appears in the description ot the work of the Committee on Historical Localities. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 403 George B.ancroft Teacher, Orator, Historian Conn., exhibited a silken cape, hat and slip pers from her wedding outfit. These were originally white, but time had gently colored them a soft creamy brown. There was also in the collection a pewter hand lamp, silver candlesticks, tray and snuffers, and a banjo clock nearly one hun dred years old. The first timepieces known ^ ^^ to our forefathers were the tall ' ' grandfather ^^^^^ T^ clocks," like the one LongfeUow immortalized, ^^^^B|^'.. . ^ ¦ and which were made by the WiUard family ^^^^v^ ^jt^ for one hundred years or more, followed by ^^^H 'tj^^F clocks like the above, but then termed wall ^^B ^^r timepieces, "banjo" being a nickname given ^^ them in late years. Then came the less ex pensive box clock, of which there are many examples nowadays, and two were here shown. These last exhibits were also loaned by Mr. Shepherd, as well as the two following. First of solid silverware and a memento of the early days of the Hampshire, Franklin and Hampden Agricultural So ciety, for these articles were given as premiums by that society — a better method of prize-giving than the cash system of today. The silver was of a graceful, attractive pattern, and bore upon it the seal of the society and the date 1825. Second, another relic of the -early days of agriculture of which there were none too many shown. This made doubly interesting the old saw-teeth sickles. Sickles have been known for many cen turies, and were the only method of cutting grain before the intro duction of the clumsy cradles and the more modern reapers. With the tools for reducing leather the home-made clothing and the bed ticking made from the sowing of the seed to the weaving of the cloth, and these sickles. Joseph G. Cogswell Partner with George Bancroft, in Round Hill School 404 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION a fine group was made, illustrating the industries and the necessities of our forefathers. Mrs. James Morven Smith and Luther J. and John L. Warner. From this family came to the exhibition two interesting old muskets, used by ancestors of the Warners in the Revolution, and one was also used in Shays' Rebellion in later years. These ancient flint-locks were, with the exception of General Pomeroy's musket, the only ex amples of old-time gunnery shown, as there were notably few repeti tions in the exhibition. Mrs. Smith exhibited a mirror which once belonged in the family of Dr. Daniel Adams, the author of Adams' Arithmetic. Mrs. Elbridge G. Southwick. Mrs. Southwick and her sister, Mrs. Martha R. Boland, both descendants of William Brewster, sent a collection interesting in three respects: in connection with the local worthies, in value, and also in representation of old-time portraiture. Of the Northampton celebrities, there was a plate once belonging to Gov. Caleb Strong, and an egg cup formerly owned by Solomon Stoddard, but now in possession of Mrs. Nellie S. Sleight, a well-known employe in the store of Stoddard & Lathrop, that mart of the last century to which yearly pilgrimages were made by the well-to-do resi dents of the hill towns, when they hitched up the "old shay" and started out to do their shopping and buy their delaines and nankeens. The Millennium plate, with its representations of the All Seeing Eye, the Bible, Dove, Lion and Lamb, etc., is now very rare, and al most worth its weight in gold. The one shown by Mrs. Southwick belonged to an aunt of Mrs. Edward F. Hamlin, wife of the present executive clerk of the Commonwealth, formerly of the shoe firm of Hamlin & Smith, Northampton. Also in this valuable collection of china was an engraved toddy glass, said to be over a hundred years old, and used before individual tumblers were the fashion; a fruit dish of delicate blue, and with an open-work border; Staffordshire and Pilgrim plates, and a cup and saucer decorated with the purple gloss, the art of which is now lost. From Mrs. Boland came venerable pillow slips, and a teapot, one hundred and fifty years of age. Before the silhouette and the daguerreotype people lacking the means to purchase portraiture in oil, attempted the perpetuation of the features of their friends in embroidery. These were called "family pieces," and the one here shown was made at Hopkins Academy in or about 1805, and represented a mother and seven children. This was exhibited by Mrs. Laura Russell Campbell. Timothy G. Spaulding. Recognizing how prominent and effici ent a part Mr. Spaulding took in the early plans of the Celebration it is quite fitting that his contribution to this collection should be the desk used by such a prominent person as Gov. Caleb Strong, one NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 405 of the most noted of the local celebrities. With it, was his commission as Governor, which had been found and kept in the desk and which Mr. Spaulding had framed for exhibit here. He also sent a portrait and autograph letter of Rufus Choate, the famous statesman. Mrs. Everett C. Stone. Some interesting specimens of pewter ware. One, a lamp used I in the dismal days of whale oil. A pewter \ pepper pot, and another pewter lamp, found \ when excavating for the new Y. M. C. A. \ building in the year of this Celebration. Besides these Mrs. Stone contributed a pair of homespun and colored bedspreads, one a peculiar brown and the other of the blue and white pattern so much sought after nowadays. Miss Harriet E. Strong. A history of the well-known Strong family, made famous by Gov. Caleb Strong, and of which family there have always been worthy representa tives in Northampton, from the time of the Governor down. Miss Josephine E. Strong. This was one of the best examples of the methods by which people in those daj's were forced to supply their own needs. It was a piece of blue and white bed ticking, the flax of which it was made being sown, grown, reaped, hetcheled, woven and colored in the family of Elias Lyman of Southampton, and the piece shown is believed to be over a hundred years of age and is well preserved. Felix Tardiff. Candlesticks made of brass, in an attractive pattern and purchased at Governor Strong's auction. Mrs. Emily H. Terry. A handsome antique chair. Miss Caroline A. Thompson. A silver teapot, of very graceful design, formerly the property of Wealthy (Shepherd) Dickinson Hunt, grandmother of Mrs. Luther J. Warner and Mrs. James Morven Smith, and received by the lender through Mrs. Edward Clarke, second wife of the late Dr. Daniel Thompson. Mrs. George Tucker. The spinnet standing in the parlor, said to be the flrst piano in New Haven and brought here by the Rev. Dr. Gordon Hall, for 28 years the beloved pastor of the Edwards church. Mrs. Frank I. Washburn. The upholstered chair in the photo graph of the parlor, at the right of the table, has a unique history. It was first part of the furnishings of the house that Samuel Clarke built in 1746 and which was used as a tavern. It later went to Round Hill, Chair once owned by Caleb Strong, now bv John E. Bates, Northampton. Historical Collections in the Household Arts (Harriett James) Building of the Home Culture Clubs on Gothic Street Dining-Room, with entrance to Library on left NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 407 and was then taken to Boston with other household furniture, and at length was brought back, through the marriage of its owner, to its original resting place, on Hawley street, now occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Washburn, never in its long history and its various journey- ings having been in but one family, and that one for about one hun dred and fifty years. Mrs. Washburn also sent other interesting pieces of furniture. The three-cornered chair also seen in the photograph and made for Dr. Charles L. Seeger, nearly one hundred years ago, a bureau two hundred years old made by Benjamin Frothingham, a celebrated cabinet-maker, who lived at a time when the New England States were not divided and there was but one name for the whole. Therefore this chair is marked Charlestown, N. E. (New England). There was also a "tip-up" table and an inlaid one in different kinds of wood, with a fine representation of a fan on top. This last was made by Archibauld, another cabinet-maker of Boston, and of considerable renown. The handsomely embroidered shawl scarf seen on the table in the parlor, and believed to have been imported from China, belonged to Mrs. Luther I. Washburn, as did another exhibit of the same charac ter, but of different associations. This was the flowered print dress ><*-! ..sf^S^^^-:: Old Gothic Semin.ary Where Madam Dwight taught Historical Collections in the Household Arts (Harriett James) Building of the Home Culture Clubs Front Parlor NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 409 Madam Rhoda Edwards Dwight Daughter of Jonathan Edwards worn by Mrs. Washburn at the school of Madam Dwight, and was the only exhibit connected with that famous school of learning, the precursor of Smith College. Mrs. Washburn was eighteen years of age then, and her father brought her down from Fitchburg, driving all the way, at the commencement of the term and again at the end. He at length moved to Northampton on account of its attractions. When Jenny Lind was staying at Northampton during her honeymoon she called the view from Round Hill the "Paradise of America." Mrs. Edward Clarke was living near her at the time and the famous songstress sang before her private circle of friends. A ticket to another public concert in Northampton was part of this exhibit, and with it was sent a photograph of Jenny Lind and her husband, taken at a later date. Mrs. Amy S. C. Perry, Mrs. Washburn's mother, sent to the collection a footstove, believed to have been the property of Major Hawley. Daniel W. Wells. A book of interesting deeds and documents of this vicinity and principally of Hat field, carefully compiled by Mr. Wells, and covering a period be tween 1690 and 1850. This book recorded the first set tlers of Hatfield and acknowledg ments of acts before early justices, like Israel Williams, a commander in the time of the French and Indian wars, of the four western counties; William Williams of the famous Deerfield family of that name, and Austin Smith, brother jENxv Lind and Her Husband, 1852 of Sophia Smith, benefactress and stheyappearedontheirhoneymoonvisitto Northampton fOUnder Of Smith CoUege. It alsO 410 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION contained the signature of John Hastings, first schoolmaster of Hatfield, about 1700, and lastly a receipt given by George Washington and in his own handwriting. Miss Caroline S. Williams. Antique china, and cut glass salt cellars over one hundred years of age. Miss Elizabeth Williston. Miss Williston's exhibit was also of local interest, for it contained the footstove supposed to have be longed to Miss Esther Stoddard, granddaughter of Rev. Solomon Stoddard, and also china once belonging to Sheriff Solomon Stoddard. Waldo H. Whitcomb. The Mayflower table covered by the spread in the back parlor, also several old corner cupboards and other antique furniture. David J. Wright. Some furniture of great age, once in the well-known Nash family of Williamsburg. Among them, a lowboy, chair, etc. Summary An analysis of the register, which was kept under the efficient and genial charge of Rev. Wm. P. Clancy, reveals the success of the exhibition in the number of visitors, and its wide scope, for there were representatives of England, Canada, Scotland, New Brunswick, Sweden and Natal, as well as residents of the following twenty-nine states in the Union : Massachusetts Rhode Island ConnecticutMaine New Hampshire Vermont New York New Jersey PennsylvaniaDelaware Maryland Virginia District Columbia Florida Louisiana Texas MissouriGeorgiaIndiana Illinois Ohio Wisconsin MichiganIowaNebraskaMinnesota CaliforniaWashingtonMontana The registration was as follows : Sunday, June 5, 1904 397 signatures Monday, June 6, 1904 1018 signatures Tuesday, June 7, 1904 109 1 signatures Total, 2506 signatures Probably there were many others who did not register, which may be estimated to make a grand total of three thousand or more, NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 411 besides many who failed of entrance, owing to the limited number allowed in the building at a time. Nearly all the noted visitors to the town's festivities attended the exhibition. Among them the representative from Old England, Alderman Samuel S. Campion, as well as Rev. Richard W. Birks, also formerly of Northampton, England, now Unitarian minister at Deer field, Mass., George Eltweed Pomeroy of Toledo, Ohio, and descend ants from a distance of the Howe, Clark, Tappan, Strong and many other families. There was the principal of Clarke School with forty-nine of the deaf mutes, then pupils there; students as well from the higher grades of the public schools and from Smith College, finding in the exhibi tion practical lessons in historic prudence and industry. There were many descendants of the earliest families, elderly people who in their youth had left this section, seeking their fortunes elsewhere and return ing to find outward things changed beyond their recognition and only here the welcome sight of some family relic; young and middle-aged persons from distant parts of our country, who on their first visit East, to the homes of their ancestors, here found some ancient heirlooms, around which was associated long-cherished tales of family history and pride. From remote and nearer places there were many refined and thoughtful people, who here found a very tangible evidence through this exhibition of portraits, jewelry, documents, or handicraft, of that Puritan influence and sturdy New England life that put their mark on succeeding generations, locally as well as in various parts of the United States. And to every visitor, whether descendant or new-comer to this country, this collection was interesting, while to many it was a charm ing reminiscence, an education, a history, and a subtle impression of the results of early privation and thrift, which laid the foundation for conditions of prosperity that are enjoyed today. Notwithstanding the committee had but a small share of the Celebration funds, the gratuitous service of its own members and their friends, together with careful expenditures, enabled them to not only act effectively within the appropriation, but to return to the general treasury ten per cent of its allotment. 412 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Although the rather elaborate system of management seemed at first somewhat too cumbersome, yet it proved at times of direct assist ance and was always a subtle influence for appreciation and respect, and on the whole was doubtless wise. Its use in the hands of the efficient members of the committee contributed towards the result of furnishing a free characteristic exhibition of nearly 500 priceless historical antiquities to thousands of people for three consecutive days and the return of all the articles within thirty-six hours after the close, without losing even one and but a single slight breakage. Such a result was unquestionably satisfactory to every contrib utor, visitor, helper, and indeed the whole city, but none can so keenly appreciate that immense gratification at the full success or that com forting relief at its happy termination as those few anxious and untir ing members of the committee on whom very great responsibility fell. But the best compensation of all rests, securely and content edly, in the consciousness of having tried to do the very best pos-sible thing and succeeding as perfectly as the conditions would allow, and also that the exhibition brought credit to the whole Celebration and favor at home and abroad to the city itself. First Railwav Train ai Northampton, in 1845 From an Old Engraving Incidental Matters and Portraits INCIDENTAL EVENTS THERE were several incidental events connected with the Cele bration which seem to deserve more or less mention, although not upon the official program. Lack of space prevents ex tended reference to the laying of the corner-stone of the Unitarian church, which occurred on Tuesday, June 7, but reports are herewith given of the High School Alumni meeting and the Miller family gather ing, because they are related to the home-coming which was a feature of the Celebration. Prof. Charles D. Hazen, professor of history at Smith College, also delivered a valuable historical review of North ampton's past, to the students of Smith College, Tuesday morning, June 7. This address will be found, in part, on pages, 417-419, has been published in pamphlet form by the author, and can be obtained at the bookstores. The work of the Home Culture Clubs is treated of at some length, as a semi-official part of the Celebration. AWARD OF PRIZES THE award of prizes for exhibits in Tuesday's civic and military parade was announced by the Parade Committee in the following statement the next day : In accordance with the announcement heretofore made by the Parade Committee, the following prizes are to be awarded for the fol lowing displays on the line of march of the parade on June 7 : For the best-appearing float of any organized society, $100, to be divided as follows: I50 for the first, $25 for the second, $15 for the third, and $10 for the fourth; and I25 for the best -appearing private turnout; and $25 for the best display from without the city. The committee chosen to decide this competition was composed of Fred M. Smith and Mrs. Charles J. Bartlett of South Hadley Falls and Eugene A. Newcomb of Greenfield. They awarded the prizes in the following way: St. Anne's Ladies' Aid Society, Florence, first prize, $50. Knights of Columbus, second prize, $25. Ancient Order of United Workmen, third prize, $15. Degree of Honor, Crescent Lodge, Florence, fourth prize, $10. The best private carriage, prize $25, awarded to Mrs. Belle Dewey Williams ; honorable mention to Alexander McCallura and Miss Gertrude Clark. For the best out-of-town display, the Hampton Mills of East hampton. The above-named are hereby awarded the prizes, as announced, according to the decision of the judges. Richard W. Irwin, Chairman. FOREFATHERS J^^ BIRTHPLACE m AN affectionate regard for the memory of our forefathers is natural to the heart; it is an emotion totally distinct from pride; an ideal love, free from that consciousness of unrequited affection and reciprocal esteem which constitutes so much of the satisfaction we derive from the love of the living. Some of them, it is true, are denied to our personal acquaintance, but the light they shed during their lives survives within their tombs, and will reward our search if we explore them. Lord Lindsay Whatever strengthens our local attachments is favorable to both individual and national character. Our home, our birthplace, our native land — think for awhile what arises out of the feelings connected with these words, and if you have any intellectual eyes, you will then perceive the connection between topog raphy and patriotism. Show me a man who cares no more for one place than another, and I will show you in that same person one who loves nothing but him self. Beware of those who are homeless from choice; you have no hold on a human being whose affections are without a tap-root. The laws recognize this truth in the privileges they confer upon freeholders, and public opinion acknowl edges it also in the confidence which it reposes in those who have what is called a stake in the country. Vagabond and rogue are convertible terms, and with how much propriety any one may understand who knows what are the habits of the wandering classes, gipsies, tinkers and potters. Robert Southey PROF. HAZEN'S ADDRESS AT SMITH COLLEGE PROF. Charles D. Hazen, at Smith College, opened his address to the students with a brilliant reference to important world events cotemporaneous with the settlement of Northampton. He said in part : In 1654, Louis XIV, called Louis the Great, was king of France, and the splendors of Versailles astonished the world. He was also an American monarch, ruling over an indefinite and unexplored king dom, for French explorers had been plunging into American forests. It was a quarter of a century before La Salle made his wonderful voyage down the Mississippi and a half century elapsed before New Orleans was founded. In 1654, Germany was recovering from the frightful ravages of the Thirty Years War. In 1654 Queen Christiana, the brilliant and erratic daughter of Gustavus Adolphus, abdicated the throne of Swe den. In 1654 OUver Cromwell, the Lord High Protector of England, had risen with unexampled swiftness from a Huntington farmer. He moved grandly through the most tumultuous period of English his tory, audacious, adroit, masterful. The speaker outlined the early settlements in New England and told why Northampton, with its rich meadows, was so eagerly sought by the pioneers. The feeling of isolation, the bitter homelessness, the sense of sep aration from all that had thus far been accomplished in this world for the greater profit and dignity of man, societ}-, institutions, arts, letters, comforts, the influences that elevate and soften and endear life, must have been dominant with these families of Northamp ton, struggle with however much Puritan stoicism they might summon to keep the emotion under. They were on the lonely and exposed frontier, a small, poor, obscure and uneducated group of men. In 1654 there were probably not 75,000 Englishmen in the new world, and these were widely scattered. A long, thin, sinuous line of set tlements, fringing the shores of the Atlantic from Maine to New York, and some settlements in Maryland and Virginia — that was all. The founders of Northampton were true frontiersmen in their day. Cour age they had; "Steadfastness in the bold design." There was no thought of turning back, but poverty of every sort, of material, of intellectual, of social, was the chief characteristic of their Uves. The 418 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION only poverty they did not know was that of opportunity or will. It takes an effort of the imagination to picture the life of this town two centuries ago. There were no roads, no bridges, no mails, to keep up the connection of the human race. A kind of cartway was early established to Springfield, but toward Boston, or Albany, or the West, no cart could travel for many years. Our two representatives went to the Legislature on horseback, by the old Bay Path, merely a bridle path through the woods. The Indians had a habit of burning the woods each year, which kept thin the fill of undergrowth and made them passable in every direction on foot or horse, but that was all. As late as 1799 there were only seven post-offices in the Common wealth of Massachusetts. It was in 1792 that Northampton was made a postal center, under the administration of Washington. Previous to that time the nearest one was at Springfield, and anybody who had occasion to visit that town was expected to bring and deliver all mail matter that was destined for Northampton and places near by. The men who settled Northampton were manual laborers, pre pared to make their future from the soil. No profession was repre sented in the little band that found its way from Hartford 250 years ago. For seventy-five years no physician was to reside in this town, and lawyers everywhere in the colonies were the product of the eight eenth century. But no sooner was the necessary work of the axe and hammer and saw fairly under way than these Englishmen — for most of them had been born in England — sought to enrich and deepen the local life. Continuing, Professor Hazen considered the founding of the first meeting-house. In this mean and lonely structure the spiritual and intellectual life of the town began. He discussed the early life of Northampton and its customs, with particular reference to its ad ministration of justice and its punishment of offences. He discussed and described the town meeting. The first school was established in 1664. Professor Hazen than spoke of Solomon Stoddard, Timothy Dwight, Joseph Hawley, Seth Pomeroy, and Jonathan Edwards, and told of their influence in this community. Continuing, the speaker said, "Not only have great men lived here, but interesting occurrences have added a lustre to the annals of the town. Here Bancroft con ceived the idea of writing his History of the United States, while he NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 419 was a teacher on Round Hill. Here Motley, the historian, studied as a lad. Here Daniel Webster and Rufus Choate have vied with each other. Here Emerson preached as a young man. Here Henry Clay, at the height of his fame, spent a Sunday, attending the First and Unitarian churches. Here came Kossuth, the great Hungarian poet, in 1852. The most interesting visitor was Lafayette. The heart of the whole American people went out to him. No one can visit^without emotion this ancient town." '^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^W l.?BWiaB — IParaOe anD Xuncbeon Tuesday was the grand day of the celebrations. A symboUc parade, on a magnificent scale, had been organized; and this was fol lowed by a grand luncheon. At sunrise the echoes were awakened NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 441 with the firing of salutes. At ten o'clock, under Sheriff Jairus Clark, as Chief Marshal, and Captain Richard W Irwin, as Chief of Staff, with a staff of competent aides, the procession was marshalled. Never did I see a procession marshalled with greater smoothness or ease. Everything "went with a click," as we say, in common parlance, in this country. Never did the city present a more remarkably fine appearance. I have seen many parades and processions, including Lord Mayor's shows, but never so magnificent and so completely finished a parade as that which trod the streets of Northampton, Mass., on Tuesday, June 7th. It is estimated that at least 50,000 specta tors were present, and there were representatives from at least 22 States of the Union, who, directly or indirectly interested in the cit^^ had come to do it honour. The Governor (his Excellency J. L. Bates) was necessarily the chief figure in the procession; he occupied a car riage drawn by four horses, and he was accompanied by the Mayor, His Honour H. C. Hallett. The decorations everywhere were most profuse, and brightness and joy were supreme. I was happy to be allotted to a carriage in which my compan ions were Rear Admiral Cook and Mr. T. G. Spaulding, both of them old Northampton boys. Admiral Cook was in command of the Brook lyn at the Battle of Santiago, and his brilliant exploit in that vessel on that occasion is a matter of history. It was easy to see he is a great favourite at Northampton. We were taken together by a photog rapher, and the picture appeared in the "Boston Globe" the next day. The juxtaposition was not without interest. Admiral Cook, as a native of Northampton, Mass., and I, as a native of Northamp ton, Old England, formed a happy conjunction of the old and the new, typical, as I hope, of the ties which bind the two cities in sym pathy and interest. It was very pleasing, at various points, to note the enthusiasm which the presence of the representative from Old England evoked — for by this time my personality had become fairly- well known. It was all a friendly recognition of the old town and the old country. Indeed, in one case, the shout was heard, "Three cheers for Old England." It was a pleasure to be the recipient of these tributes to the Mother City and the Mother Country. Some of the items in the procession were illustrative of the dangers of the old settlement (from Indians) and of the life of the old colonists. The industries of the neighbourhood were illustrated — silk, hosiery, and prophylactic tooth brushes. The procession was a mile and a half in extent, and took an hour to pass any given point. After describing the coUation at the tent, his own and other speeches thereafter, Mr. Campion writes : At the close of the proceedings described in my last letter, I paid a flying visit to Smith College, having the advantage of the compan ionship of Mr. Sidney Bridgman, as cicerone. But of this more anon. 442 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION At Mr. Bridgman's private house I had the pleasure of an introduc tion to Mrs. Bridgman and several ladies interested in the College for Girls at Mount Holyoke, an educational institution of far-reaching usefulness. I was interested to learn that Mr. Bridgman was the publisher of Todd's Student's Manual — a book which I had found of inestimable value in my youth, and which I would warmly recommend to students — especially self-educating students. Its author, the Rev. John Todd, was a minister of the Jonathan Edwards Church — an offshoot of the First Church. Colonial IReception In the evening, the members of the Betty Allen Chapter of Daugh ters of the American Revolution held a reception at the City HaU. The hall was beautifully decorated, and there was a brilliant assembly. Many of those present were dressed in costumes of the Revolutionary period, and the effect was charming and piquant. Who was Betty Allen? That was the first question which rose to my lips. The an swer — she was a lady of the Revolution who had seven sons, and she gave them all to the Revolution, to fight for American Independence. One of them was "the fighting parson," who appeared to be equally at home in the field or in the pulpit. One lady was wearing a dress, which an ancestress had worn at a ball where she danced with Gen eral George Washington; and she carried the fan which the lady used on the same occasion. Surely the spirit of romance was there, and I was not slow to pay my homage to it. I was kept pretty well and happily occupied in exchanging reminiscences and ideas with many of the guests, who showed their interest in the old country and freely recognised what they owed to it. From innumerable quarters I had expressions of the pleasure which was felt that the old town in the old country should be represented at this celebration. The pleasure was mutual. 2lt ©l& ibaOles The day had been a fairly heavy one, what with the excitements of the Parade, the post-prandial exercises, and the Daughters of the American Revolution, who, as I remarked more than once, were enough to turn any man into a revolutionary. But next morning at seven o'clock I was driven by Mr. Edward O. Damon, another of Northampton's kindUest citizens, to Hadley — a rural outpost of the greater city. The objects of interest here were — a street, a church, and a house. The street is a noble avenue, 250 feet or more wide — for the greater part overgrown with grass and guarded with venerable elms. The house is built on the site of an older structure, over a cellar in which it is related Goffe and WhaUey, two of the reg icides responsible for the execution of Charles I., lay hid for a consid erable time from those who, in the Second Charles' time, sought their NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 443 blood. The church is associated with Goffe. WhaUey — the tradition is somewhat hazy — appears to have got away. But Goffe remained. On one occasion the inhabitants of the hamlet were at worship in the church, when the Indians made their appearance. Goffe observed them. He knew that if the people were caught in the church their doom was certain and his, too. So sword in hand he made for the church — a hundred yards or so distant — and warned the worshippers. His venerable figure made him appear to the Indians like a visitant from another world. They fled in superstitious terror, and the wor shippers, hailing Goffe as their deliverer, took fresh heart. Here was a romantic association of the Stuarts with the North American In dians which I was anxious not to lose ; and Mr. Damon's kindness made my pilgrimage to this shrine of seventeenth century liberty very pleas ant indeed. at Smitb College Back to breakfast, and before half past eight I set off for Smith College, to be present at the opening exercises and to fulfill a prom ise to address one of the classes. Smith College is, I believe, the largest educational institution of its kind in the world. It was founded on a bequest of 386,000 dollars (;£77,2oo) under the will of the late Sophia Smith, niece of Oliver Smith, who had before left a fund of 370,000 dollars (;£74,ooo) for indigent boys and girls, young women and wid ows. Sophia Smith, who died a spinster, left her money for the higher education of girls, with the result that she has been the means of found ing a magnificent monument, in which her generous spirit will live to the end of time in the minds and hearts of noble women, who, through her far-sighted and practical sympathy with the best aspirations of her sex, will help to dominate generations yet unborn with the finest ideals. There are 1,100 young ladies in the institution, who, through accomplished and gifted teachers, under President L. Clark Seelye — a man of the finest character and great attainments — have the oppor tunity of receiving the best possible teaching on the subjects included in an extensive curriculum. The college grounds are in the midst of lovely lawns and sheltering trees — a veritable "Grove of Academe." The institution is an educational idyll. I breathed the praj-er: Would that some Sophia Smith might arise to confer a similarly noble benefaction on my own old city at home. Every morning the proceedings of the day are opened with a brief service. The chanting of a Psalm, the reading of a passage of Sciipture, a hymn, a prayer, and the girls go to their several classes. It is all very simple, yet withal impressive. The Psalms are arranged in an order, which exemplifies and emphasizes the successive petitions of the Lord's Prayer. I was so impressed with the arrangement that 444 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION I asked permission to carry one away with me, and the President very kindly gave me a copy. But the students have disappeared to their class-rooms. I am conducted to a room where two classes are assembled. On the way I am anxious to know upon what subject it would be most agreeable I should speak. I find the class is engaged just now in considering the best methods of arriving at conclusions on any given subject. Happily it is a subject on which I feel at liberty to say something, and so speak for a limited period in a fashion which I would fain hope was not without a grain or two of useful suggestion. To me it was a delightful experience to speak to that assembly of earnest students, anxious to make the best use of the faculties God has given them. The fact that this subject should have been chosen for study by a class of young ladies seemed to me to admirably illustrate one of the best features of the method of education, which I had before under stood was generally pursued in the United States — that of endeavour ing at every point to draw out the faculties of the student. It goes a great way to explain the general alertness of the American mind. While, no doubt, there are teachers in our English schools who do attempt, as far as the restrictions of the Board of Education permit them, to follow out the same principle, it is not carried out with that systematic constancy which is to be found in the States. /Iftount ?HolBOl?e In the meantime, the City Clerk, Mr. Clapp — freed from the more exiguous claims of the Celebration — had been devising plans for giving me a pleasant day in the city precincts. He and Mr. C. H. Pierce, of the Anniversary Executive Committee, took me to Mount Holyoke, that, like another Moses, I might "view the landscape o'er." In parenthesis I should like to say a word of Mr. Clapp, to whom I am indebted for many kindnesses. For 21 years, ever since, indeed, the incorporation of the city, he has filled the important office of city clerk, & fact which speaks volumes for the unbounded confidence of his fellow-citizens — for it is an office subject to annual popular elec tion. He is an old soldier of the Civil War. As a lad of 18 he enlisted, and for four years he was actively engaged with the army which ope rated in the Gulf of Mexico — part of the time in the infantry, and for two years as a cavalryman, closing his service as a lieutenant in the cavalry. The soldier's spirit runs in the blood, for he is a descend ant on his father's side from Major Jonathan Clapp, one of the heroes of the Revolution, and his mother was a descendant of General Seth Pomeroy, another Northampton hero of the Revolutionary War. General Pomeroy, although near 70, insisted on taking a share in the battle of Bunker's Hill. Northampton has in Mr. Clapp an officer of exceptional ability and great public spirit. To resume, a pleas ant carriage drive round the outskirts of the city, which revealed a NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 445 wealth of natural beauty, I very much enjoyed, brought us to the foot of Mount Holyoke. Some 400 feet we traveled by a circuitous mountain road, till we came to the foot of the funicular — which runs some 600 feet up the mountain side, almost perpendicularly. Arrived at the summit, we found ourselves in Prospect House, with all the conveniences of a mountain hotel. Both from the rooms and the platform outside there are extensive views of the Connecticut valley and a wide surrounding country. From the summit can be seen mountains in four states, and thirty-eight towns — thirty in Massa chusetts and eight in Connecticut. It is a place, "where every pros pect pleases." Unfortunately the atmosphere is humid, a haze hangs over the hills, and our views are therefore circumscribed. Yet what is seen is extensive enough and beautiful enough to confirm the im pressions I had formed of the infinite charm of the position in which Northampton is set. I could quite understand from what I saw the force of Mr. Spaulding's statement that you might, taking Northamp ton as a centre, drive out in over 120 directions on as many days and find fresh revelations of natural beauty in each. From the heights of Mount Holyoke one commanded insights into vast, dim and mys tic distances, full of interest and full of possibilities of enjoyment to the imaginative soul. In returning from Mount Holyoke, we were ferried across the Connecticut River — the Hockanum Ferry — quite a refreshing touch of old-world methods of crossing the stream. Horses, carriage, and passengers were passed on to the raft, and were drawn over by a wire rope. Here the river is about 1,000 feet wide. We were encouraged bv the story that horses had, before now, been frightened into rushing off the raft into the stream — "out of the frying pan into the fire" — to the no small peril of passengers. Our horses were, happily, of soberer stuff, and, under the guidance of a gentleman of colour, we were safely conveyed over, without any risk of being ferried o'er the Styx, as yet. /IBount ttom At the City Hall, we found the Mayor and several other members of the civic body awaiting us. Under the kindly and helpful escort of these gentlemen we next turned our attention to Mount Tom — another of the mountain sentinels which Nature has provided the city. Mount Tom is reached by a system of electric cars. First we take the cars which run from Northampton to Springfield — a distance of 17 miles. The track is parallel to the Boston and Maine Railway, and runs by the side of the ordinary road. The competition supplied by the cars has resulted in a considerable reduction of fares on that line between these two points. "Do the company running the cars pay any subsidv to the public coffers?" I asked. "No," was the reply. It is considered that the public gets its quid pro quo in the 446 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION increased facilities of locomotion — the added convenience of commun ication between the different places en route. At the foot of Mount Tom we change for another electric car run. This takes us to the lower levels of the mountain, and here we have a large acreage laid out as a public park, and as a place of public entertainment. The State has made a reservation of some 1,500 acres on Mount Tom, for the healthful resort of the inhabitants of Northampton city and the dis trict forever. I could not help envying the inhabitants of North ampton city the possession of this- priceless boon. One more change is made, and the ascent to the top is affected by a trolley railway. The road to the top has given us glimpses of countless beauties in the valley of the Connecticut. On the shores we see dotted here and there the summer houses of the business men of Springfield, North ampton and other towns in the district. There is a Canoe club-house, for canoeing on the Connecticut is one of the pleasures of the district. But when we have reached the summit our hopes of a glorious view are doomed to disappointment. The rains of the last few days have encouraged the mists to rise, and from the altitude of Mount Tom — clear and beautiful — we look down on a magnificent display of mist, vague, immense. Now and again there are rifts in the grey, and we see Kenil worth — a castle built on the pattern of that well-known historic structure in England — the town of Springfield, with its roofs shining under brief spells of sunshine, and snatches of the Connecticut valley on both sides — dreams of natural loveliness, touches of artistic beauty. The view, or rather the views — for they are various from most sides of the top — form the chief source of pleasure on Mount Tom, gratifying the love for the beautiful and supplying endless sources of food for the imagination. But there is ample provision for music, dancing, and other amusements in the Festival Hall here, under the enterprising management of Mr. Bowker of the Norwood. I was disappointed not to see all the natural beauties which Mount Tom brings within the range of human vision, but if what I did not see at all approaches the sample — that which I did see — then in this mountain peak Northampton possesses another asset of inestimable value — another fascination added to the multitudinous charms of the Meadow City. Zbe ffinal ^function But the longest of days must have an ending. I had been breath ing Northampton air, imbibing Northampton traditions, and the question was raised whether I could not stay another month. Whether it would have ended in my becoming an American citizen, or whether I should have succeeded in annexing Northampton, Mass., to the British Empire, I will not pretend to say. It is a question which must remain forever unsolved. The Mayor, who, although not a NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 447 native of Northampton, has more than justified the choice of its citi zens in the splendid way in which he has risen to the occasion, enter tained us to an informal closing dinner at Rahar's Inn, where the genius of a cordial hospitality presides. The toasts were few, the speeches witty in their brevity. I tried to express in a few words the deep sense of obligation under which I had been placed by the Mayor, the City Clerk, other civic authorities, and all whom I had met. If ever a man ran a danger of being "killed by kindness" I was that man, and if I were to escape at all it was time I was off. The memory of the overwhelming kindness I had received can never be effaced. The Mayor and other gentlemen were good enough to say my presence had been of some service to the Celebration, and that they felt indebted to me for the spirit in which I had associated myself with their efforts. /nSacbine Doting Subsequently, at my request, I was initiated into the mysteries of the American voting machine. So many of the officers of the State, or of the City, are subjected to direct election, that the work of voting is a much more extensive operation than with us. Apparently more complicated, it is yet most simple when once you know the modus operandi; and the machine calculates with unerring accuracy. There are seven wards in the city, and within seven minutes of the closing of the poll Mr. Clapp has known the results of an election in the whole of the wards. Within 14 minutes of the closing of the poll, he has known the results of a State election in the city. By the courtesy of Mr. Charles Herrick and his assistant, Mr. Rhoads, I was shown the working of the Bardwell Votometer, the machine employed. I could not forbear asking Mr. Herrick whether he had any reason to suppose he was descended from the well-known lyric poet of the sev enteenth century; but he could not say. I do not purpose to attempt to describe the machine on this occasion. It would be exceedingly difficult to do so on paper. Ocular demonstration seems absolutely necessary to the complete understanding of it. Mr. Clapp explained to me that when the machine was decided upon practical lessons were given the voters before an actual election was held; much as, when the franchise was extended to the English counties, lessons in voting by ballot were given all over the country for the benefit of the new voters. I satisfied myself that the working of the machine was ex ceedingly simple, that it is impossible to tamper with it, and that it works with unerring accuracy. The machine is not adopted every where in the States. Its use is permissible, under State law, but only such machines can be used as are sanctioned by a Commission ap pointed by the State. Northampton is one of the pioneers in machine voting. 448 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION ttbc Ibistorical Collection A historical collection of great interest was got together in con nection with the Celebration. Mr. Gere, an eminent antiquarian, was chairman of the committee on historical localities, and Mr. Thomas Munroe Shepherd, the chairman and chief curator of the indoor ex hibit. The many objects on view had been lent by the descendants of the first settlers and other old families. A cane, with pewter mount ing, had belonged to Captain John King, described as born in North ampton, England, in 1629, settling in Northampton, Mass. — in the thoroughfare afterwards known as King street — in 1654. It was lent by George Warner King, Middleport, New York. Captain King is said to have himself descended from Sir John King, who was at one tim.e Secretary for Ireland, in Elizabeth's reign. His son. Lieutenant John King, was a noted scout in the Indian wars. Then there was a precious case, containing knee-buckles and shoe-buckles, originally worn by General George Washington. They were given by his step daughter, Nellie Custis, as a memento of her step-father, to Lieutenant- Colonel St. George Tucker, of Williamsburg, Virginia, great-grand father of Mrs. John S. Hitchcock. There was also General Burgoyne's sword, lent by Samuel D. Smith of Hadley, Mass. This sword was presented by General John Burgoyne to General Porter of Hadley, after the surrender of Saratoga. Another of the relics was a pewter plate, lent by Mr. T. M. Shepherd. It was originally brought from Blois, France, and once belonged to the Pomeroys, who settled in Northampton in 1671. ©ft On Thursday morning, June 9th, I started from Northampton on my way home. I was accompanied to the train by Mr. Clapp, the City Clerk, and Mr. Spaulding. In cordial words of farewell, I again endeavoured to express my deep sense of the overwhelming kindness I had received, my admiration of the city, the most beautiful I had seen in all my travels, and my appreciation of the magnitude, beauty, and fine feeling of the Celebration. But, frankly, I felt that words were utterly inadequate. I can only say that the Northampton of Old England has every reason to be proud of its namesake in the New Worid. S. S. C. My heart is thirsty for that noble pledge. Julius C^sar That man 's the best cosmopolite Who loves his native country best. Tennyson The patriot's boast, where'er we roam. His iirst best country ever is at home. Goldsmith I sing New England, as she lights her fire In e\'ery Prairie's midst; and where the bright Enchanting stars shine pure through Southern night, She still is there, the guardian on the tower. To open for the world a purer hour. William Ellery Channing My country is the world; my countrymen are all mankind. — William Lloyd Garrison The soil out of which such men as he are made is good to be bom on, good to live upon, good to die for and good to be buried in. — Holmes on Garfield That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that govemment of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. — Abraham Lincoln Our country, however bounded or described, and be the measurements more or less — still our country, to be cherished in all our hearts, to be defended by all our hands. — Robert C. Winthrop, at Faneuil Hall, July 4> 1845 ' ' Long may our land be bright With freedom's holy light; Protect us by Thy might. Great God, our King!" A LIST OF VISITORS TO THE CELEBRA TION FROM OUTSIDE THE COUNTY IT has been considered desirable to publish at least a partial list of those outside the county who attended the Celebration. It was obviously impossible to include all of even those who registered, and therefore, in the case of such no names of those who came from with in a radius of fifteen miles have been taken. The few exceptions from near-by towns were reported to the newspapers by friends with whom they were entertained. It is an interesting fact that over four hundred, or a little more than one-tenth of the whole number of visitors regis tered at the City Hall, by the card index, came from the city of Spring field, and most of these seem to have been drawn to Northampton on this occasion, by ties of real interest, which can be understood from the fact that Springfield was the mother town, and even now contains many people of former Northampton citizenship. The daughter towns of Easthampton, Southampton, Westhampton, con tributed a large share of those registered, and they came from the oldest families, showing the real interest of kindred, and it would have been a pleasure to have included their names in this book, but the volume would have been swelled much beyond its limits; while Amherst, Hatfield and Hadley neighbors must have felt slighted if they had not then been included; as also Holyoke, which sent several hundred. The following list of over one thousand names is alphabetically arranged. A considerable number of these were not registered at the City Hall, and have been obtained from other sources. When it is considered that the list of those who registered alone amounts to about 4,000, some idea may be had of the great crowd of visitors who were in the city Celebration week. Many names of those in Springfield and other cities are not in cluded in the list here given, because the full name was not registered. It would have been well if the committee in charge had called for the full name. Such name would have been of much greater value for future reference, and some of those who registered were so thoughtful as to see this and gave their full names voluntarily, many married women being so good as to give their maiden names also. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 451 Zbe Xist Mrs. George I. Abbott Mrs. William T. Ahearn William Ahearn Mrs. Alfred Aiken Mrs. T. M. Albee Robert E. B. Alben Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Albro Mrs. E. H. Alden Mrs. E. M. Alden Mrs. Herbert C. Alderman Mrs. John A. Aldrich William O. Aldrich Harry M. Alexander Miss Effie Deans Allan Rev. Arthur H. Allen Mrs. Catherine Allen Charles T. Allen Mrs. Frank R. Allen Mr. and Mrs. J. Edward Allen Miss Susan B. Allen Miss Margaret Ames Mrs. W. j. Angell T. A. Appleton Miss Bertha May Arnold Clarence H. Arnold Miss Elizabeth Parker Arnold Charles P. Atkins Mrs. Cora P. Atkins Mrs. Frederic C. Atkins Mrs. George D. Atkins Miss Lillian Atkins Miss Sarah M. Atkins Miss M. Jennie Atkinson Miss Fannie Augur Miss H. Ella Baab Alexander H. Baker C. Sumner Baker Mr. and Mrs. Edgar Baker Lester D. Ball Miss Mary Ball Miss Rena S. Ball George E. Ballou James Ballou Miss Freda C. Bancroft Rochester, N. Y. Norwich, Conn. Norwich, Conn. Boston Newfane, Vt. WillimansettSpringfield MiUers Falls Springfield Westfield Springfield SpringfieldNew York Holyoke New Brighton, Staten Island HolyokeManchester, N. H. New York Somerville Saratoga Springs, N. Y. St. Paul, Minn. Chicopee FaUs BeverlyHousatonic New Britain, Conn. Westfield, N. J. Springfield Hartford, Conn. Hartford, Conn. Boston Hartford, Conn. Hartford, Conn. BeverlyNew Haven, Conn. Lawrence Turners Falls Springfield RocklandSpringfieldSunderland Worcester Springfield Los Angeles, Cal. Philadelphia 452 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Mrs. Martha Bates Smith Bard well Mr. and Mrs. Hiram Bardwell Charles W. Barker Miss Ella B. Barker Miss Helen A. Barker Miss Helen Mae Barker George H. Barney Charles H. Barrows Mrs. Jeanie Raynor Barrows and daughter Mrs. a. D. Bartlett Miss Alice E. Bartlett George P. Bartlett Miss Marion W. Bartlett Mrs. Walter L. Bartlett Miss Gertrude Bates . Mr. and Mrs. Thomas H. Bayley Charles A. Beaman Miss Nancy E. Beebe Mr. and Mrs. Belanger Oliver K. Belcher Mrs. William C. Belden Miss Dorothy Belden Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Belden Miss Anna Belden Mr. and Mrs. Alvah N. Belding Joseph Belisle Mr. and Mrs. Edward H. Bell Mrs. Aura Belleville Norman A. Benard Mrs. Ray S. Benjamin Mrs. a. S. Bennett Miss Grace A. Bennett Mr. and Mrs. Benoit John Bergeson A. Catherine Berry Miss M. E. Biddle George A. Bigelow Miss Jane A. Bigelow Miss Mayme E. Binns Frank M. Bird . Rev. Richard E. Birks William Bliss Miss Bertha Bliss Miss Anna C. Bliss Holyoke Whately Greenfield Springfield SomervilleDorchester Springfield SpringfieldSpringfieldBrooklyn, N. Y. New Rochelle, N. Y. Brooklyn, N. Y. Brooklyn, N. Y. New Haven, Conn. WeUington, Vt. Thomaston, Conn. SpringfieldBrooklyn, N. Y. Chicopee Falls ChicopeeSpringfieldSpringfield Whately Whately Rockville, Conn. WorcesterSouthamptonNewport, N. H. Fairview Suffield, Conn. Beaufort, S. C. Beaufort, S. C. SpringfieldBoston Bar Mills, Me. Springfield PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaGardnerCanton Deerfield Troy, N. Y. Troy, N. Y. Philadelphia NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 453 Miss Sunshine Blvth . Mr. and Mrs. Edward C. Bodman Miss Alice Bolter Grey Boulton Charles Boyden Dr. Joseph N. Boyer Amos H. Brackett C. Ives Bradley Thomas F. Brady Miss Florence M. Branning William J. Bray Mr. and Mrs. John E. Breault Henry M. Brewster Mrs. Esther Day Brickett Joseph C. Bridgman Mrs. E. a. Bridgman Ruthven Bridgman James Briggs Mr. and Mrs. Edwin H. Brock Charles Brodeur Miss Eloise Brome George W Brooks William F. Brooks Mrs. Alice T. Brown Charles H. Brown, Jr. Clifford Brown Mrs. Henry Bush Brown Lester T. Brown Miss Maria Brown Nathan Brown Paul F. Brown Frederick W. Bruggerhof Mrs. Orville C. Brush James A. Bryan, Jr. M. A. Bryant John Buchanan Walter E. Buck Bernard Buckley Fred W Buddemeyer Mrs. Sarah M. Bull George L. Bullard Mrs. Jeannette Brewer Bullard Byron A. Burdick Rudolph Burgess Miss Annie Burke James M. Burke New York New York Hartford, Conn. Lloyds, London, E.C., England Springfield Springfield OakdaleBuffalo, N. Y. Austin, Texas SpringfieldWare Woonsocket, R. I. SpringfieldWest Springfield Hyde Park Syracuse, N. Y. Belchertown Philadelphia, Pa. LynnBridgeport, Conn. Suffield, Conn. Chicopee Falls GranvilleSpringfieldBuffalo, N. Y. Cheshire, N. H. MiltonShelburne Falls Springfield, Ohio New York St. Louis, Mo. Noroton, Conn. Holj'okeSpringfield Winnipeg, Canada Londonderry, Ireland Conway Troy, N. Y. Grand Rapids, Mich. Winsted, Conn. Spencer Spencer SpringfieldNew York Maiden Greenfield 454 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Thomas F. Burke Mrs. Ida H. Burnett Mrs. E. N. Burnham Miss Josephine E. Burns Mrs. Charles C. Burr Miss Urania S. Burrows Peter Bursie Mrs. Belle M. Burt EsBON J. Burt Mrs. Henry M. Burt Frank Hunt Burt Orsamus C. Burt Mrs. L. W. Bush Arthur Gordon Butler and son Hunt M. Butler George H. Cahill John C. Calhoun Raymond E. Cameron John Campbell Miss Mary Campion Eugene F. Cantrell William J. Cantwell Mrs. Walter N. Capen Rene J. Cardinal Martha Falconer Latimer Carlisle . Mr. and Mrs. Harry E. Carlisle John M. A. Carmody Herbert L. Carpenter Peter Carrier Herbert A. Carson Rev. John Burr Carruthers George W. Carter Richard C. Carvel . J. Preston Carver, M.D. Miss Mary T. Casey Karl E. Casey Miss Ella G. Cashuff Mrs. Peter K. Cashuff Miss Grace Caswell Mr. and Mrs. George B. Caswell James W. Cavanaugh Herbert H. Chabot Miss Jennie Chabot Roy Chambers Springfield Chicopee Falls New IDorchester HolyokeNewton Center Shelburne Falls Baltimore, Md. Springfield Westfield NewtonNewton Plainfield Brookline, Vt. CaldweU,- N. J. Pittsburg, Pa. Meriden, Conn. St. Louis, Mo. Providence, R. I. Brattleboro, Vt. Waterbury, Conn. GreenfieldNew York Noroton, Conn. Woburn, Mass. New Haven, Conn. New Haven, Conn. HolyokeBaltimore, Md. Boston Utica, N. Y. South Deerfield ArUngton, N. J. Chicago, 111. Simsbury, Conn. Springfield Springfield WestfieldWestfield Keene, N. H. Boston Chicopee Falls WorcesterWorcester Westfield NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 455 Mr. and Mrs. George R. Chamber lain Lillian G. Chandler Arthur B. Chapin Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Chapman Emil Charland Mrs. Emilie G. Chase Mr. and Mrs. S. H. Chase Fred W. Cheever Sylvia Le Chestnut Henshaw B. Chilson Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W Cissel Francis Clapp Mrs. Elizabeth A. Claflin. Thomas J. Clair Mr. and Mrs. George P. Clark Mr. and Mrs. Sidney W. Clark Mrs. Sidney L. Clark Miss Susan Tyler Clark Miss Alice Clark Edward Clark Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin B. Clark Ch.\rles Hopkins Clark Mrs. Clifford Enoch Clark Edward J. Clark Mr. and Mrs. Ezra E. Clark Estus G. Clark and family Howard W. Clark Mr. and Mrs. Lyman N. Clark Mrs. Robert L. Clark Master Robert Clark Wells C. Clark . Mr. and Mrs. W. S. Clark Inez E. Clark Col. Isaac Edwards Clarke James A. Clarke Miss Louise Watson Clarke AYlLLIAM E. Clavez Mrs. T. S. Cleaveland Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Cluny William B. Coburn Mr. and Mrs. Frederick I. Codding Lillian Pansy Codding Edward W. Cole Leicester Collins John J. Collins New Haven, Conn. Woodstock, Mass. Holyoke Springfield MontrealNorth Uxbridge Holyoke WorcesterMexico New York Kenilworth, D. C. South Deerfield Springfield Hoosick Falls, N. Y. Windsor Locks, Conn. Hartford, Conn. Hartford, Conn. Hartford, Conn. Washington, D. C. Washington, D. C. Lowell Hartford, Conn. Milford, Conn. Westfield Springfield Springfield Springfield Westfield Central Falls, R. I. Central Falls, R. I. Westfield Springfield New Haven, Conn. Washington, D. C. Springfield New York Hartford, Conn. Springfield Dorchester East Hartford, Conn. Conway ConwayWorcesterNew York Springfield 456 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Mrs. Fred G. Colton Robert N. Cone John M. Connery Joseph F. Connelly Fred W. Connolly Charles H. Connor Mrs. Ellen C. Converse Frederick William Converse Joseph Coogan Clarence V. Cook Edward A. Cook Lucien A. Cook . Orrin F. Cooley Catherine M. Coolidge Mrs. Fred Coolidge Laura J. Coolidge Joseph F. Coombs James Cooney Lucien V. Copeland Mr. and Mrs. Lewis T. Covell Mrs. George Coward Mr. and Mrs. William P. Cox Mr. and Mrs. John P. Cregan Mr. AND Mrs. Harry H.Crittenden Benjamin B. Crocker James J. Crowley John Sayer Crowley Neil Crowley Edward C. Crosby William Bernard Cullen Mr. and Mrs. Sidney B. Curtis Miss Mary I. Dale . . Edwin A. Davis . Mrs. Elvira E. Davis . Mrs. Mattie J. Davis Theodore R. Davis Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Davis Hiram Day Mrs. William P. Derby Winfred p. Derby Misses Margaret and Helen Dewey Miss Minnie A. Dewey Perley Hyde Dexter . Mr. and Mrs. James W. Delaney Ira Dimock New York New Haven, Conn. Bristol, R. I. Springfield Dorchester Schenectady, N. Y. Randolph SpringfieldWaterbury, Conn. Athol BarreSpringfield Springfield HudsonGardnerHudsonHartford, Conn. Wallingford, Conn. Providence, R. I. Shelburne Falls Shelburne Falls Somerville West Brookfield Springfield Hartford, Conn. Little FaUs, N. Y. Herford, Northamptonshire, New York [England Brattleboro, Vt. Lonsdale, R. I. Hartford, Conn. Springfield Atlanta, Ga. West Chesterfield, N. H. SpringfieldSpringfieldSpringfield West Springfield SpringfieldSpringfield Hartford, Conn. Pittsfield Springfield Brooklyn, N. Y. Hartford, Conn. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 457 Mrs. a. E. Dix Dr. Charles Ditson Mrs. Mercy E. Doane John J. Donelan James J. Donnovan Mr. and Mrs. Michael H. Donovan John Dooley Thomas M. Dorsey Mrs. Harriet Parsons Doubleday Edward C. Douglas Fred W. Downer Michael J. Downey Mrs. Louisa Drake James G. Driscoll Mr. and Mrs. Luther A. Drury Frederick Drury Ellen H. Duggan Mary E. Duggan James Dumphey Mr. and Mrs. Walter H. Duncan John Dundon William Duperrault George A. Eastwood Mr. and Mrs. George W. Eddy Mrs. Zachary Eddy Henry C. Edgerton Mr. and Mrs. Frank L. Edson Oliver Edwards Miss Annie L. Edwards Charles S. Edwards Wilbert H. Edwards Mrs. Lucy M. Elliot Levi Henry Elwell Edward N. Emerson Dorothy Evans Mrs. I. Mortimer Everest Francis O. Everett Mrs. Clifford Emmons Fales Mr. and Mrs. William O. Faxon Fred M. Feiker Mrs. S. Y. Fenno William S. Fernald Mr. and Mrs. E. Hayward Ferry Robert W. Field Ruth A. Field Mrs. John Wesley Finch Hinsdale, N. H. Millers Falls Athol SpringfieldSpringfield Lowell New York Waterbury, Conn. Rutherford, N. J. Springfield Syracuse, N. Y. SpringfieldChicopee Falls Wlii tins ville Newburyport RutlandHartford, Conn. Hartford, Conn. Unionville, Conn. Indian Orchard Hartford, Conn. Westfield Boston West Newton Clifton Springs, N. Y. SpringfieldSpringfield U. S. N. Scarborough -on-Hudson, Springfield [N. Y. SpringfieldSpringfield Amherst New York Pittsburg, Pa. Albany, N. Y. Sherborn Athol Stoughton Worcester BostonRevereBoston SpringfieldSpringfield North Brookfield 458 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION John J. Finn . Mr. and Mrs. Frank A. Fisher Miss Lena Fitzgerald . Catherine D. Flannagan Glover Fletcher Mrs. Matthew Flood Catherine A. Foley Hannah Foley John B. Foley Benjamin D. Foot Mary A. Foot Mrs. Frank M. Foote Arthur Fortier Edward V. Foster Horatio A. Foster Nathan Foster, 3d Clovis N. B. Fournier Mrs. Benjamin R. Franklin Mrs. Peter Franzen Mrs. Robert A. Eraser Mrs. Eliza Strong Freed Harry Freeman Mr. and Mrs. James M. French Mr. and Mrs. G. L. R. French Miss Bella P. Fried Philo F. Fuller Charles N. Gabb. Edward J. Gallivan William A. Gamwell John J. Gardner Harold F. Garrettson Margaret Garvey Mrs. Herbert L. Gates Frank L. Gaunt Louis J. Gauthier William F. Gawllagher Miss Ivy A. Gearhart Emil Gerhard Harold and Leslie Gibbs Mr. and Mrs. P. H. Gifford Mrs. Jane L. Gilbert Mrs. S. V. Gilbert Miss Rose Gilfillan Andrew M. Gillespie Dr. Harry Gilman Mrs. Joseph H. Gilpin South Manchester, N. H. Cabery, IU. Sherburne, N. Y. Hartford, Conn. Brookfield Springfield . New Haven, Conn. . New Haven, Conn. . New Haven, Conn. . Schenectady, N. Y. Pittsfield Chester Center St. Louis, Mo. New York Philadelphia, Pa. Springfield Turners Falls Springfield SpringfieldSpringfield Westfield . Cleveland, Ohio Boston Springfield . Hartford, Conn. Chester, Vt. Collins ville. Conn. Somerville Providence, R. I. Milford SpringfieldNew York Orange SpringfieldSpringfieldSt. Louis, Mo. Van Wert, Ohio Niagara FaUs, N. Y. North Blandford Brookline, Vt. Providence, R. I. North Brookfield New York Utica, N. Y. BostonBallston Spa, N. Y. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 459 John L. Gloster Charles Glover Julius B. Goddard Miss M. G. Godfrey Dr. Thomas F. Godfrey Mrs. C. C. Goland . Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Golby Andrew S. Goodell Benjamin U. Gough Charles P. Grant Miss Flora Grant Albert Graves Bertha M. Graves Charlotte E. Graves Leonard M. Graves Mrs. John Graves Clara Annie Green George Greene Levi A. Greene Miss Annie Greenleaf Thomas Montgomery Gregory Mr. and Mrs. William Grennon James D. Griffin Patrick J. Griffin Patrick J. Griffin Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Grisbach Harry L. Griswold Mrs. Annie K. Gruendler Mrs. George E. Guild . Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Haake Josephine M. Hackett Miss Marie J. Hackett Miss Margaret Haddow Mrs. William J. Hall Dr. Gordon Hall Mr. and Mrs. Rev. George A. Hall Bessie H. Hall Frederick H. Hall Mrs. Helen M. Hall James E. Hall Joseph H. Hall Mrs. Mary Derby Hall Miss Minnie E. Hall Mrs. M. L. Hall Raymond J. Hall Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Hall Waterbury, N. Y. Springfield Boston Nevada City, Nev. SpringfieldRichmond, Va. Newark, N. J. Orange Thringstone, Leicester, Boston [England Boston Springfield SpringfieldSyracuse, N. Y. Providence, R. I. Springfield, Vt. Washington, D. C. New York North Attleboro GardnerBordentown, N. J. Newark, N. J. Hartford, Conn. Springfield Valley Falls, R. I. New Haven, Conn. Bradford, 111. Springfield Scranton, Pa. Newton SpringfieldSuffield, Conn. North Adams Agawam Brooklyn, N. Y. Peabody TauntonTaunton Springfield Wallingford, Conn. Providence, R. I. Springfield Wallingford, Conn. Springfield Wallingford, Conn. WaUingford, Conn. 460 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION William S. Hamel Mary Genevieve Hammond Charles W. Haney Thomas Hannifin Leon M. Hannaford H. Alfred Hansen Miss Mary Harrigan Miss Grace Harris Mrs. Helen C. Harris Herbert A. Harris Charles H. Hart Mr. and Mrs. H. P. Hart . Mrs. p. H. Hart Mary L. Hartnett Ethel S. Harvey Harriet Ferry Strong Harvey Nettie F. Haskins Edward N. Haskell Mrs. James Hatch Charles L. Hathaway William Bryan Haug . Mr. and Mrs. William D. Hawley Emma E. Hayden Erwin Hayden Joel Hayden, Jr. Thomas Hayes Miss Elizabeth Healy . Mr. and Mrs. Herman Heinritz Miss Carlotta E. Hemenway Mr. and Mrs. Loring S. Hemenway Ralph E. Henderson Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Hennessey John F. Hennessey Mr. and Mrs. Charles Henry George Henry James Herbert, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. B. E. Herrick Mrs. Georgie D. Hersey Mr. and Mrs. George Hibbard Leonard J. Hibbard Rev. Edward D. Hickey Arthur G. Hiersche Mrs. Annette J. Clapp Higgins James H. Higgins Miss Mabel Higgins William S. Higgins, M.D. Springfield Bedford, Ohio Brooklyn, N. Y. Hartford, Conn. LynnNewton Turners Falls ColrainChicago, 111. AgawamSyracuse, N. Y. Springfield Newington Junction, Conn. SpringfieldSpringfield Springfield West Lonsdale, R. I. Springfield Bethel, Vt. OrangeNew York Maiden SpringfieldRoxburyBoston Washington, D. C. Springfield Holyoke Edgewood, R. I. Edgewood, R. I. Worcester New Britain, Conn. Washington, D. C. Worcester Rochester, N. Y. Tampa, Fla. Brattleboro, Vt. SpringfieldHartford, Conn. Boston Springfield, Vt. Ludlow South Coventry, Conn. SpringfieldNorth Blandford South Coventry, Conn. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 461 Fall River Fall River AtholSpringfield HolyokeLorain, Ohio Springfield Springfield New Bedford Miss Mary Jane Higgins William Higgins Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Hill Mrs. Frederick J. Hillman William J. Hillman Albert Wallace Hills Mr. and Mrs. Arthur C. Hines Henry L. Hines Herbert W. Hirst Mr. and Mrs. Charles B. Hitchcock Springfield Irving B. Hitchcock New Haven, Conn. Mrs. Annie W. Hobb Lynn Clement H. Hodge Springfield Thomas A. Holland Springfield Mrs. William R. Holliday Westfield Stephen W. Hopkins Geneva, N. Y. Mrs. W. S. B. Hopkins and daughter Worcester William M. Hopler Mr. and Mrs. Frank Hosley Mr. and. Mrs. J. H. Houston H. Wolcott Howard Mary J. Howard Archibald M. Howe Miss Elvira T. Howes Mrs. Ella Biddle Hoyt Howard H. Hoyt John Hudson Frank R. Huebler Mr. and Mrs. George Huey Mrs. Ellen Tappan Hulett Mr. and Mrs. Arthur N. Hull Albert S. Hulse Frank E. Hunt Miss Nellie Hurley Avon J. Huxley Frank E. Huxley Joseph R. Huxley Lewis S. Ingraham George C. Ives Thomas E. Jaques Mr. .AND Mrs. Arthur Curtis James New York Mr. and Mrs. George R. Jewett Salem Sarah Hart Phelps Jewett Springfield Paul H. S. Johnson . Naugatuck, Conn. SpringfieldSpringfield Springfield Brooklyn, N. Y. Springfield Cambridge Springfield SpringfieldHartford, Conn. HolyokeHartford, Conn. Everett Newburgh, N. Y. GreenfieldProvidence, R. I. Springfield Schenectady, N. Y. New York Boston New York Springfield Mt. Carmel, Conn. New Bedford 462 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Mrs. R. a. Johnstone Paul W. Jones Miss S. M. E. Jones John T. Joyce Francis N. Judge Miss Agnes Judson Mr. and Mrs. George W. Keeler Mrs. j. j. Kallaugher Daniel F. Kane John Kane Mrs. a. Karlman Miss Mary W. Karlman Everett Keach Moses Breck Kelton Springfield Thringstone, Leicester, Beverly [England Springfield Worcester Bridgeport, Conn. Cheshire, Conn. Kingston, Ont. Montpeher, Vt. Springfield Terryville, Conn. Terryville, Conn. Texas Waltham Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin C. Kennard Meriden, Conn. John P. Kennedy John Kiernan Mr. and Mrs. E. Nelson Kimball James D. Kimbali Mrs. Anna L. King Charles A. King Florence M. King Miss G. Josephine King Mrs. j. F. King Edward A. Kingsley Frances K. Kingsley Helen C. Kingsley John C. Kingsley Albert C. Kinney Austin P. Kirkham Fred Kirsch and family Florence Kneeland Clara L. Knight Miss Grace L. Knowles Henry Kron Charles D. Kunze. Mr. and Mrs. Warren O. Kyle Mrs. W B. Labatt Arthur E. Labigne Grace Anderson Labounty William Lacey . Mrs. Harriet Braman Lacore Edward Landers Mrs. Lena M. Landry George M. Landry . Troy, N. Y. New Britain, Conn. Brookline West Burke, Vt. BeverlyBeverly Hinsdale, N. H. Agawam New York Boston Springfield New York Springfield MilfordNew Haven, Conn. New York Springfield West Springfield SpringfieldShelburne Falls Paterson, N. J. Newtonville Galveston, Tex. New York Orange Hartford, Conn. Springfield Keene, N. H. Springfield Springfield NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 463 Ernest Lapointe Mrs. Eugenie Lavigne James J. Lawler Walter H. Lawler Eva B. Lawrence Mr. and Mrs. James H. Lay Helen W. Lea James A. Leach Mrs. Cyrene Lewis Le Due James Lee Mrs. Judson L. Lee William H. Lee Mrs. John Leggett John F Lennon Miss Seraphine E. Letourneau Miss Anna M. Lewis Mr. and Mrs. F. G. Lewis Nelle Lewis Miss Lily May Lightfoot Mattie Little Mrs. Harriette Dwight Longley Mr. and Mrs. Harry P. Loomis James Lee Loomis Miss Mary Lyman Benjamin Smith Lyman Quartus A. Lyman William Lester Lyman James H. Lyons, Jr. John J. Lyons Louise Macomber James R. Mackenzie John L. Madden Stephen K. Madden Mrs. Florence G. Madden Mrs. j. W. Madison John Magee, Jr. Alphonse Major William B. Maloy Judson Marble William D. Marcy Mrs. Charles S. Marsh Mrs. Francis W. Marsh Harold C. Marsh Frank R. Marshall Mrs. Lucy Martin Nelson Martin . Worcester North Brookfield Winsted, Conn. Hyde Park Hartford, Conn. Springfield State Line, Mass. AVindsor Locks, Conn. Springfield Colorado Springs, Col WestfieldLowell Rutland, Vt. Boston Springfield Springfield North Adams Wallingford, Conn. Oshkosh, Kans. Attica, Ind. Belchertown Granby, Conn. Hartford, Conn. BrooklinePhiladelphia New Haven, Conn Syracuse, N. Y. SpringfieldNew York Boston Newark, N. J. Brooklyn, N. Y. Brooklyn, N. Y. Peterboro, N. H. Port Jefferson, L. I. Meriden, Conn. Brooklyn, N. Y. Springfield Orange Hartford, Conn. Springfield Bridgeport, Conn. New Milford, Conn. Brooklyn, N. Y. England Ansonia, Conn. 464 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Mr. and Mrs. R. J. Martin Cotton Mather, Jr. Horace E. Mather Charles E. W Matthews Emilia Mauzano Robert A. Mayham Howard E. McAllaster Daniel T. McCarthy James A. McCarthy Mrs. a. S. McClean Mr. and Mrs. J. F. McConville Katherine H. McDonnell Joseph McGowan Agnes I. McGrath Edward S. McGrath Robert McKeown Arthur McKay . Misses Mary and Annette McLane John J. McLaughlin Mary McLaughlin Harry McLeod Norman McLeod Robert McLeod Helen McMahon Mrs. p. C. McMahon Mary McMahon Miss Nemia Meacham Arthur K. Merrill Helen C. Merrill Henry A. Merrill Carlton R. Merry . Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Merry Mrs. Emma F. Merwin Miss Anna B. Miller Mr. and Mrs. Chandler E. Miller Mrs. Edwin Miller Mr. and Mrs. E. F. Miller Mrs. Emma H. Miller Dr. Eli P. Miller . Mr. and Mrs. F. B. Miller John E. Miller Laura Miller Matthew Cliffe Miller Mr. and Mrs. Nathan F. Miller Mary W. Milliken . Glens FaUs, N. Y. Concord Hartford, Conn. Danielson, Conn. Merida, Yucatan, Mexican Republic Trenton, N. J. Winnetka, IU. Winnipeg, Man. Hartford, Conn. SpringfieldSchenectady, N. Y. Holyoke Westfield East Chatham, N. Y. Denver, Col. Portland, Ore. Norwich University Boston Turners Falls MiUers FaUs Washington, D. C. Washington, D. C. Washington, D. C. North Adams North Adams North Adams Dalton HaverhiU, N. H. HaverhiU, N. H. HaverhiU, N. H. Springfield Springfield Clinton, Conn. Hartford, Conn. Hartford, Conn. Springfield Avon, Conn. Scottsville, N. Y. New York Bloomfield, Conn. Oxford, N. Y. Scottsville, N. Y. New York Bloomfield, Conn. Bar Mills, Me. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 465 Edwin V. Mitchell Florence A. and Edith L. Moody Charles E. Moore Chester S. Moore Mrs. Gertrude L. Moore Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Moore Mrs. F. a. Moran David A. Moran Mrs. M. L. Morgan . Mr. and Mrs. T. A. Morrissey Miss Julia Moynihan Howard Mudie John J. Mulcahey Mrs. H. B. Murlless Frank E. Murphy Mrs. George Nash and Miss Mar guerite Nash Robert C. Needham Mrs. D. E. Newell William Newman Mr. and Mrs. E. F. Newton Mrs. E. S. Niles Edith Nims Mr. and Mrs. P. F. Nims Ella M. Noble Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Noiseux Sylvanus Nourse Charles Herbert Nutting Mr. and Mrs. Elijah G. Nutting . Mr. and Mrs. Samuel H. Nutting Hannah O'Brien Jeremiah F. O'Connor Edward Offinger Julia O'Laughlin Daniel O'Neil Mrs. Clara I. Olney Mrs. Otto Olsen William Owens . Mrs. Juliette C. Page Mrs. Benjamin O. Paine Dr. L. a. Paquin Mrs. Alma Livermore Parent Frank S. Parsons, M.D. Mr. and Mrs. Frank B. Parsons Col. Joseph B. Parsons Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Parsons Hartford, Conn. Springfield Somerville BrocktonSpringfieldSpringfield West Winsted, Conn. SpringfieldRidgefield Park, N. J. Montreal Springfield Springfield Hartford, Conn. Rockville, Conn. Burlington, Vt. New York Boulder, Col. Attleboro Galveston, Tex. Athol Boston Springfield Athol Minneapohs, Minn. Thompsonville, Conn. Williamsville SharonFaribault, Minn. Warehouse Point, Conn. HolyokeHartford, Conn. Johnstown, N. Y. Minneapolis, Minn Keene, N. H. Chelsea Rutland, Vt. Shreveport, La. Meriden, Conn. MillburyWorcester Spokane, AVash. Dorchester Roxbui y BostonWestfield 466 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Henry Parsons Dr. and Mrs. Payn B. Parsons Phineas F. Parsons Isaac S. Parsons Miss Ellen Parsons Mr. and Mrs. George W. Parsons Henry S. Parsons Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Parsons Mrs. William H. Parsons Mrs. F. F. Partridge Miss Alice J. Pasco Asa K. Patten, Jr. Mrs. William Patten T. A. Patteson, Jr. William H. Patterson Edward F. Payette Herman H. Payne Prof. Benjamin Mills Peirce Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Peix, Jr. Alice M. Pelissier William J. Pelissier George W. Penfield Mrs. F. F. Percival. Arthur L. Perreault Mrs. Amy S. C. Perry Edward Clark Perry Fred J. Perry Mrs. Helen Clapp Perry Mrs. Henrietta Perry Mrs. H. a. Perry Frank W. Phelps Harold D. Phelps Mrs. Helen E. Phelps Miss Helen L. Phelps Samuel A. Phelps Helen Crosby Pierce Miss Nellie O. Pierce Henry G. Piquette Mr. and Mrs. Edward S. Pomeroy George Eltweed Pomeroy Dr. G. E. Pomeroy Mrs. H. B. Pomeroy Dr. W. H. Pomeroy Mrs. Nellie Cook Porter Rena Porter . Mrs. Warren M. Porter Washington, D. C. New York Providence, R. I. NewtonvilleNew York Newfane, Vt. Seymour, Conn. Lake ville. Conn. Springfield HolyokeSpringfieldSpringfield Nashua, N. H. New York SalemSpringfieldSpringfield Cambridge Danbury, Conn. MaidenMaiden New Britain, Conn. Santa Clara, Cal. Montreal, Canada SpringfieldSpringfieldBellows Falls, Vt. BridgewaterPeterboro, N. H. Walpole, N. H. Wallingford, Conn. West Springfield Somerville, N. J. West Springfield Prince Bay, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa. Rutland New Bedford Springfi.eld Toledo, Ohio Hartford, Conn. Cortland, N. Y. Hartford, Conn. MelroseWalpole, N. H. Walpole, N. H. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 467 Ida H. Powers Mary H. Power Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Prentiss Mr. and Mrs. William A. Pringle Mrs. E. E. Prior Isabella J. Proctor Frank L. Pulaski Bert F. Putnam Mrs. Nellie Estelle Quimby Frank E. Quinlax John J. Rafferty Fred E. Raleigh Grenville E. Read William W. Read Robert R. Regan William Reilly Beatrice W. Rice Jane L. Rice Mrs. Miriam C. Richards Mrs. Walter D. Richardson Mrs. William C. Richardson Daniel F. Rieger George B. Riley Mr. and Mrs. John E. Riley Miss Helen Clark Riley Horace A. Ring Mrs. Eliza D. Ripley Mr. and Mrs. Winthrop A. Risk Mr. and Mrs. Victor E. Rocheleau Arthur E. Rock Sherman Van Ness Rockefeller George H. Rockwell Charles E. Rogers Miss Dorothy Rogers Miss Fannie E. Rogers Mrs. j. Warren Rogers Walter Clifford Ross Arthur Rowan Frank Rowley Mrs. Robert Ruddy Louis F. Ruder Alma G. Russell Mrs. E. E. Russell Salem Springfield Roxbury HolyokePittsfield Valencia, Spain Detroit, Mich. Athol Athol Westfield Marlboro Springfield Providence, R. I. Greenwich, Conn. Springfield Warsaw, N. Y. North Adams North Adams Marlboro Somerville, N. J. NewtonvilleLenoxSpringfield SpringfieldSpringfield Walpole, N. H. Springfield Providence WorcesterSpringfieldHudson, N. Y. Springfield Ashuelot, N. H. Scarborough-on-Hudson , N. Y Scarborough -on-Hudson , N. Y. Scarborough-on-Hudson, N. Y. SpringfieldWakefield Fitchburg Worcester Boston OakhamSpringfield 468 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION George A. Russell Herbert A. Russell Mrs. Ida E. Russell Mrs. L. M. Russell Schuyler H. Rust Miss Anna Ryan Mrs. E. M. Ryan. Mrs. p. L. D. Ryder Mrs. Emma J. Sackett Mrs. Clara Sawyer George W. Sawyer Minnie J. Say Daniel Scannell Michael Scannell Mrs. Henry Schafmeister Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Schmidt Mr. and Mrs. Raymond C. Schneid Samuel Spencer Scott James M. Searl Mary B. Searl Mr. and Mrs. Frank P. Searle Theodore R. Sehl Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Sergeant Miss Caroline B. Sergeant Mr. and Mrs. H. J. Shaw Harrison S. Shaw Anna J. Shea Charles Shepherd William A. Sikes Miss Louise M. Sims Cedric p. Sinley Mrs. George P. Sisson Mrs. F. W. J. Sizer Mrs. Walter A. Skinner Mr. and Mrs. Albert E. Smith Mr. and Mrs. Arnet C. Smith Miss Bessie L. Smith Carrie Lathrop Smith Charles Smith Mrs. Charles P. Smith Dr. Charles E. Smith Misses Alice and Florence Smith Mrs. Ford Smith Mrs. Charles F. Smith Charles P. Smith Worcester Springfield WaUingford, Conn. Worcester New Brunswick, N. J. BrooklynBostonHartford, Conn. Springfield Whitingham, Vt. SpringfieldHartford, Conn. Lynn Windsor Locks, Conn. Ossining, N. Y. Athol ER Brooklyn, N. Y. Cranford, N. J. West New Brighton, N. Y West New Brighton, N. Y Westfield Meriden, Conn. Boston Brookline Somers, Conn. Meriden, Conn. SpringfieldSpringfield Nashua, N. H. Hartford, Conn. Bennington, Vt. Turner ville. Conn. New Haven, Conn. Lynn Springfield Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Fort Wayne, Ind. St. Louis, Mo. New York Concord, N. H. Athol Springfield St. Louis, Mo. AtholSpringfield NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 469 Clarence W. Smith Frank H. Smith Miss Hattie M. Smith John Smith John Smith Maurice H. Smith Olive C. Smith Sarah P. Smith William H. Smith and family Mr. and Mrs. Alden G. Snell Mrs. George H. Snow John Soule Edward Southwick Miss Marion L. Sparks Mrs. Sarah Braman Spencer Mrs. W. a. Sprague Mrs. a. E. Spurr Mrs. R. N. Staab Miss Sarah E. Stallwood Mrs. Florence A. T. Stanard Will C. Stanleigh Charles M. Starkweather Mr. and Mrs. William E. Steele Rev. Charles Augustus Stoddard Mrs. Thirza M. Colton Stone George H. Strickland Mr. and Mrs. Asa L. Strong Ernest E. Strong Mrs. Fannie Strong. Henry S. Strong. Joseph L. Strong Robert Strong Wilson B. Strong Mrs. Alice J. Strout Frederic W. Sullivan Michael Sullivan Mr. and Mrs. Michael J. Sullivan Owen Sullivan Edward H. Swift Robert B. Talbot, M.D. George W. Tapley Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Tapley Jessie F. Tapley Miss Elizabeth S. Tappan Miss Elizabeth W. Tappan Josiah S. Tappan Orange, Conn. Orange, Conn. New Haven, Conn. New York Oakland, Cal. Hartford, Conn. Orange, Conn. Melrose Highlands Buffalo, N. Y. Springfield Laconia, N. H. Little Shasta, Cal. Salem New Haven, Conn. Meriden, Conn. SomervilleMt. Washington Worcester Hagersville, Ont. Le Roy, N. Y. Brooklyn, N. Y. Hartford, Conn. Wethersfield, Conn. New York Champlain, N. Y. Bridgeport, Conn. Suffield, Conn. SpringfieldSpringfield Hartford, Conn. SpringfieldSpringfield Georgetown, D. C. Dorchester WinchendonNashua, N. H. Boston Springfield Manchester, Vt. New York Springfield New York New York New York Brookline Roxburv 470 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Miss Mary S. Tappan. Irving Clarence Teahan Edwin A. Taylor Mr. and Mrs. Hiland H. Thayer L. Stanley Thayer Mrs. Christine Thayer Mr. and Mrs. R. A. Thomas Miss Robina L. Thomson . Edward Sweetser Tillotson Le Roy E. Tillson Mrs. M. B. Torrey Alice I. Towne Frank L. Towne Edward Townsend Frank A. Tracy . Donald Gilman Trow William Clark Trow Mrs. W. a. Trow Mrs. William A. Trow, and two children Mr. and Mrs. Willard E. Tufts Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Tunnicliffe Miss S. A. Turner Charles P. Tuthill Mrs. Charles H. Tuttle Miss Mary Twohey Misses Mary and Frances Tyler Mrs. Catherine E. Tyler Miss Fannie M. Tyler Miss Julia Tyler Miss Mary E. Tyler. Mrs. E. S. D. Vallentine Anita Vanasse Miss Edna M. Vanasse Ernest Vanasse Miss Georgie Vanderpool Miss Marvin Vanderpool Sylvia E. Van Etten Maxine L. Van Etten Miss Elsie Wade Mr. and Mrs. Edwin E. Wakefield George W. Walker Mrs. j. E. Ware James E. Warfield Charles A. Warner Joseph Warner . BrooklineNew York Nottingham, Englaml SpringfieldCambridgeManchester, N. H. Maiden Manchester, N. H. Wethersfield, Conn. SpringfieldBostonSpringfield Windsor Locks, Conn. Providence, R. I. New York Sherburne, N. Y. Sherburne, N. Y. Sherburne, N. Y. Sherburne, N. Y. Springfield Athol Brattleboro, Vt. Schenectady, N. Y. Paterson, N. J. Worcester New York New York New York New York New York Danbury, Conn. Waterbury, Conn. Norwich, Conn. Waterbury, Conn. Springfield Springfield Milwaukee, Wis. Milwaukee, Wis. HolyokeNewtonville Brattleboro, Vt. New York Chicago, 111. SpringfieldNew York NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 471 William W'arner Mr. and Mrs. George L. Mrs. Henry Todd Washburn Carl Tracy Washburn Mrs. Claude E. Watkins William H. Webster James H. Weeks Mr. and Mrs. Edward Welch Mr. and Mrs. George A. Wells Mr. and Mrs. E. F. Wentworth Mr. and Mrs. M. E. Westcott Mrs. King F. Weyant . Athol Warriner Springfield Dorchester DorchesterNew York Truxton, N. Y. Matteawan, N. Y. Thompsonville, Conn. Englewood, N. J. Pittsfield East Berlin, Conn. Boston Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Wheeler Springfield Marie O. Wheeler Elizabeth Judd Whipple Mary H. Whipple George W. B. Whitcomb Mrs. Hattie Sherman White Mrs. Laura Dufresne White Mrs. Orphia White Stephen E. White . Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Whitehouse Mr. and Mrs. Thomas H Miss Frances L. Whitney Henry M. Whitney Milton B. AA'hitney Roy Whitney AA'illiam F. Whittlesey Mr. and Mrs. Jesse G. Wilcox Mr. and Mrs. Arthur J. Willard Mrs. Thomas Willard Mrs. Effie A. Willey Arthur E. Williams Sidney S. Williams James W. Wilson Leslie A. Wilson Dorothy Scott Winslow Mrs. Fred L. Wood Mrs. V. J. Wood William A. Wood Mrs. D. I. Woodbury Doris AA'oodbury Mr. and Mrs. Isaac AA'oodbury Marguerite L. Woodruff Marcus M. AA'oods PittsfieldPortland, Me. SpringfieldSpringfield Springfield Springfield SpringfieldHartford, Conn. Holyoke Whitehouse Springfield Athol Branford, Conn. AA'estfield, Mass. SpringfieldHartford, Conn. Newark, N. J. New Haven, Conn. New York AVinthropSpringfieldProvidence,Groton Meriden, Conn. Chicago, 111. SpringfieldChester, Vt. Boston Winchester, N. Winchester, N. Salem, N. H. New Haven, Conn. Woodville R. I. H. H. 472 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Charles K. Woodsum Mrs. Abbie A. Wright Miss Frances E. Wright Miss Jennie Wright Mrs. Lucius G. Wright Lewis H. Wright Frederick A. Yeatman Joseph Zarouski SpringfieldSouth Framingham South Framingham Feeding Hills Athol South Framingham Springfield New York .-. •^; 'tjr^' [HE late Judge Joseph Lyman, who read law in the office of Major Hawley, relates an incident which is characteristic of the man. It appears that Caleb Strong was Major Hawley's col league from Northampton to the Provincial Congress, and on returning from the eastern part of the state, found his associate at home laboring under a great depression of mind, and expressing the appre hension that if the cause of the patriots should fail he would be hung. Mr. Strong said in reply, "No, they will not probably hang more than forty men, and you and I shall escape." This roused Major Hawley, and he responded with all his old-time energy, "I would have you know. Sir, that I am one of the first three." And the next day he made a. speech to the citizens of Northampton which contained sufficient treason to fully justify his assertion. What constitutes a state ? Not high-raised battlement or labor'd mound. Thick wall or moated gate ; Not cities proud, with spires and turrets crown'd ; Not bays and broad-arm'd ports. Where, laughing at the'^storm, rich navies ride ; Not starr'd and spangled courts. Where low-brow'd baseness wafts perfume to pride. No ! — Men, high-minded men. With powers as far above dull brutes endued. In forest, brake or den. As beasts excel cold rocks and brambles rude ; Men, who their duties know. But know their rights, and knowing, dare maintain. Prevent the long-aim'd blow. And crush the tyrant, while they rend the chain — These constitute a state. Sir William Jones A DISTINGUISHED NORTHAMPTON FAMILY Josiah D. Whitney and His Four Sons Josiah D. Whitney, Jn., LL.D- State Geologist of California, i860; Professor of Geology at Harvard College, 1S65 William Dwight Whitney Professor of Sanskrit Lan guage and Literature at Yale College, 1854; also Professor of Comparative Philolog\' Josiah D. Whitney Many Years President Northampton Bank James L. Whitney Bookseller and Publisher; later Assistant Librarian at Boston Public Library Henry M. Whitney Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature at Beloit College, Wis consin. Now Librarian at Branford, Conn. 474 &t?z ttJECE bonoreb in tfecir bap anb generation anb wew tbe Blotp of tbeir times. — Old Testament Benjamin Tappan and JNIrs. Sarah Homes Tap Judge Samuel Ht and Mrs. Martha Hunt He Hon. Isaac C. Bi and Mrs. Martha Henshaw 475 3t man biejtf, but hi^ name remainjtf Samuel L. Hinckley Sheriff of Hampshire County, i8 Major Josiah Dwight Clerk of Hampshire Courts and State Treasurer Mrs. Mary Woolsey Dwight Wife of Timothy Dwieht, President of Yale College Timothy Dwight First President of that name at Yale College /?% .ph Lymax ^f (_)smyn Baker Judge Samukl Howe Judge ^^'ILLIAM Allen Hatn'es H. Chtlsox 483 Charles Delano SOME OF THE RESPECTED OLDER MEN OF THE PAST Figures denote time of beginning service here r ti.l'y» Josiah Parsons^ 1S28 Capt. Jonathan Brewstrr — ^1840 m^-^ Col,. Thomas Pombroy — 1.SJ.3 Paul Strong — 1832 Df.a. Elipiiali:'!- Willi \ms — l.SL'l) Samuel W. Lee — 1827 David B. Whitcomb — 1822 (atlit l^Oarp l^eab is a CtOVtin nf ffilOCg. — Scripture REPRESENTATIVE MEN OFTHEIR TIME :^-^" Henrv Shepherd William Clark Lewis J. Dudley Ekastus Hopkins Henry Bright Gen. Like Ly.man Oliver Warner (3tbE stDEEt remembEance of the iust €>ban flourisf) m\)zn ht sleqps in bust. SOME REPRESENTATIVE NORTHAMPTON BUSINESS MEN Who ftaliE jnineb tbe "m-- -:vi:wi DEi. Daniel Kingsley — 1830 Webster Herrick — 1827 Silas M. Smith — 1828 William F. Arnold — 1839 Col. Justin Thayer — 1834 " Iftauofit hiif fhi> mprn'm Marvin M. French — 1835 MORE OF THE GREAT CLOUD OF WITNESSES Figures denote time of beginning service here Lafayettk Maltby — iSoS SlDN'ET StHONG lS3o Edward P. Copeland — 1803 Major Henry A. T.ongley— 1860 William ^l. Gaylord— 18G0 Wixi-hrop Hillyi-R — 1842 .#1 ^(^ Dr. Au,sTiN W. Thompson — 1.S.54 Theodore Rust— 1.S2.'. William F. Pr.att— l.s'iil J! „;.. ^„.„- r.u;..; _.- ;;r.r>.^_...t business, but f leatie mp cftatacter bcbinb me. — Sheridan 487 ^be ®l& ffamiliar jfaces I h ave had pla ymates, I have had companions, In my days of childhood. in my joyful school days; All, all are gone, the old familiar faces. Charles Lamb MORE OF THE GREAT ARMY MILITANT AND TRIUMPHANT Figures denote time of beginning ^.ervice here m'^ »Ui^ Gen. Benjamin E. Cook — 1S27 Dea. WillianJ H. .Stoddard — 1822 Capt. Eno.s Pahson.s— 183.5 Capt. Edwin C. Clark — 1847 Luther Bodman — I8il4 Dea. AoDi^iox J. Lincoln — 18.50 0{i .S.-- !#: Josephus Crafts — 1866 David W. Crafts — 1849 Col. George Shepard — 1818 -joftt a goob figftt anb ftept tfte faitb. 489 AND THESE WERE OF A GOOD SPIRIT Figures denote time of beginning service here Oliver Warner, Jr. — ls39 Charles Smith — 1S28 Charles B. Jvtn<;,sley — 1S49 Henuy H. Bond — 1870 Ansel Wright — 1823 Henry Dikeman — 1845 4f ay ^*^•.'^'*^ Henry Childs — 1833 Dr. Thomas W. Meekins — 1850 % man of unbECiStanbing \i of an EpccliEnt ?pkit, — Scripture 490 MEN OF FORCE AND ORIGINALITY OF CHARACTER Figures denote time of beginning service here W.\LDO H. Whitcomb — 1861 Smith Carr — 1862 Phoi\ George Kingsley — ls.3(l C\1'T. I\IaRK H. Sl'ATTLDTN-f; - ] ,S.")7 Michael Williams — 1823 Joseph Hebert — 1883 Joseph Warner — 1841 ;:? of tbe oKb lilocft, ht wa? tbe blocft itself. — Lord Pit 491 When I remember all The friends so linked together, I've seen around me fall. Like leaves in wintry weather, I feel like one who treads alone Some banquet hall deserted, Whose lights are fled, whose garlands dead, And all but he departed. Moore 492 SOME OF THE FLORENCE VETERANS ¦< WIT I I \ lio III I Charles C. Burleigh George H. Hav Horace K. Parsons Austin Ross John F. Warne James D. Atkins Gen. John L. Otis Stephen R. Fiiller JPoc tbe mem'tp of tbE iust M'ots in EtiEtlapting fame. 493 "Zbe (Sreat /IRajorfti?" Nothing now is left but a majestic memory. Longfellow To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die. Campbell Ube IDenerable Xfvfng Age sits with decent grace upon his visage, And worthily becomes his silver locks. Who wears the marks of many years well spent, Of virtue, truth well tried, and wise experience. Rowe 494 OLDEST BUSINESS MEN IN NORTHAMPTON, NOW LIVING Figures denote when they began business here James H. Searle — 1840 < IsCAR^EdWAHI'S — ]S.) Sidney E. Bridgm.sn — 1844 Henry S. Gere — 184"i Lucius Dimock — 1847 Christopher Clarke — 1847 Charles H. Dickinson— 1S49 Isaac 8. Parsons — 1850 Merritt Clark — 1848 ^eeet tbou a man bifisEnt in W bu?ine??? ^t ?bafl ?tanb before fiine?. — Old Testament 495 MORE BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MEN WHO STILL LIVE Figures denote when they began service here •^/r/Tfjms^m''^^ A. Lyman Williston — ^1851 Watson L. Smith— I806 Judge ^^'ILL1AM P. Strickland— 1864 Joseph Marsh — 1856 Dr. Thomas Gilfillan — isii. Dr. Wir.Li.vM H. Jones — -18.^7 William H. Todd — 1848 Alexandi'-ir McCallttm^ 1866 i^eart to conceittc, tbe unbecstandino to birect, or tb^ **""^ 496 John L. Draper — 1864 AND STILL MORE WHOSE HAIRS ARE GRAY Figures denote time of beginning ser^'ice here Ll. :JM^ ... :c» Wtlli.xm C. Pomeroy — 1864 Joseph C. Williams — 1850 J. Howe Demond — 1872 Dr. Osmore O. Roberts'— 1853 Benjamin E. Cook. Jr. — 1858 Dr, Joseph N, Davenport — 1863 Charles M. Kinney — 1845 Matthew Grogan — 1855 hannti nourh. anti their olb ane Charles S. Pratt — 1852 SOME FLORENCE AND LEEDS MEN WHOSE YEARS OF SERVICE ARE MANY ^ #9% i% Henry B. H wen Nklsox .v. U vvjs 1)k. John B. I-earned .) lUHiK n\NiKL W. Bond S\.\]ri-:L Porter Henry F. Cutler L|':muel B. Fiel P/^DCT,'!- \1 "D., ?t vwijse man is ]8tcon0; pea, a man of hnottJlEbt;;. A GOOD NAME A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches. — Bible Everybody likes and respects self-made men. It is a great deal better to be made in that way than not to be made at all. — Holmes In the wreck of noble lives Something immortal still survives. Longfellow Good men must die, but Death cannot kill their names. — Metillus Better than fame is still the wish for fame, The glorious training for a glorious strife. Lytto.x Good name, in man or woman, Is the immediate jewel of their souls. Shakespeare Lives of great men all remind us. We can make our lives sublime. And, departing, leave behind us, Footprints on the sands of time. LOXGFELLOW To be seventy years young is sometimes far more cheerful than to be forty years old. — Holmes We live in deeds, not years, in thoughts, not breaths. In feelings, not in figureSvOn a dial. We should count time by heart throbs. He most lives Who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best. Life's but a means unto an end; that end Beginning, means, and end to all things — God. Philip J.\mes Bailey MEASURES TAKEN FOR THE PUBLICATION OF THIS BOOK FOLLOWING the Celebration it was easily seen that something should be done towards placing the details of the affair upon perraanent record, in book form. Henry S. Gere, editor of the Hampshire Gazette, saw this as strongly as any one, and, as will be seen, by words from his pen, printed elsewhere under the heading, "Comments of the Press," he made it plain what was wanted — "a complete rec ord of everything that was said and done" in Northampton, on the memorable days of June 5, 6, and 7, 1904. The general public, too, made it manifest that a printed memorial volume would be appreciated, and the Executive and Finance Committee, after settling the accounts of the Cele bration, appointed the fol lowing named committee for the publication of a book: L. Clark Seelye, Henry S. Gere, Egbert L Clapp, Chauncey H. Pierce and Charles F. Warner. President Seelye felt obliged to decline to serve, on account of his college duties, and the other mem bers of the committee met at the City Hall, Friday They organized with the choice of Henry S. Charles F. Warner as secretary. Mr. Warner Henry S. Gere Sixty Years in Newspaper work in Nortliampton — Oldest Editor in New England — Earliest Promoter of this Book evening, July 22, 1904. Gere as chairman and NORTHAMPTON. MASSACHUSETTS 501 was chosen as compiler and editor of the book, with a nom inal compensation, and it was voted to apply to the City Coun cil for formal authority and an appropriation, to start the en terprise. Here again Mr. Gere's interest and experience were enlisted, in a vote that he pre sent a statement, in behalf of the committee, to the City Council, showing what was re quired. ^Ir. Gere, then, with some members of the Execu tive and Finance Committee of Mr. and Mrs. Henry S. Gere — 1850 From an old daguerreotype, taken by " Jerry" Wells the Celebration, appeared before the City Council, stated the case, and an appropriation of $500 was granted to start the work of publication. Subsequently Mr. Gere went before the City Coun cil again, at the request of the Publication Com mittee, and obtained an additional appropriation of $500, which gave the committee confidence to proceed further. The secretary was then engaged to canvass for subscriptions for the book, and his efEorts, with one hundred and twenty-five mail orders previously received, in response to circulars, re sulted in a net total of about 650 advance sub scriptions, upon the announcement of which the committee felt encouraged to go forward, and Mr. City Clerk Egbert i. Clapp Gere was requested, by vote, to join Mr. Warner ™ ™ ^ ^wn,1n'i'86i °" ^'"^ 502 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION in bringing the work of publication to as early and satisfactory a conclusion as possible. The result is seen in the present volume, which might have been bettered had Messrs. Gere and Warner been able to impress the au thorities, before the Celebration, with the importance of action towards publication before the event. A considerable number of pictures might then have been obtained which could not later be produced, and in several ways the cost of publication could have been lessened; but the Committee on Publication consider it fortunate that they have been able to obtain the material they did, under such adverse conditions, and the Introduction, in the early part of this work, expresses their obligations to those who assisted them. TWO SMITH COLLEGE PROFESSORS Prof. Henry M. Tyler Dean of the College Faculty. Twenty-eight years in service Prof. John T. Stoddard Lineal Descendant of Rev. Solomon Stoddard, Second Minister of Northampton ON THE MOUNTAIN TOP Then for the first, My eye and spirit that had drunk the whole Wide vision, grew discriminate, and traced The crystal river pouring from the North Its twinkling tide, and winding down the vale. Till, doubling in a serpent coil, it paused Before the chasm that parts the frontal spurs Of Tom and Holyoke; then in wreathing light Sped the swart rocks, and sought the misty South, Across the meadows — carpets for the gods. Woven of ripening rye and greening maize And rosy clover blooms, and spotted o'er With the black shadows of the feathery elms — Northampton rose, half hidden in her trees. Lifted above the level of the fields. As noiseless as a picture. From "Kathrina" By Josiah Gilbert Holland HiUs dra-w like heaven. And stronger someti-mes, holding out the hand To pull you from the vile flats up to them. Elizabeth Barrett Browning In the mountains did he feel his faith. All things, responsive to the -writing, there Breathed immortality. There littleness was not; the least of things See-m'd infinite; and there his spirit shaped Her prospects; nor did he believe — He saw. Wordsworth WHAT THE PRESS HAD TO SAY WHY WE CELEBRATE Bntc=Cclcbratfon EOitorfal in tbe flortbampton ©ailg Ibcraia WHAT moves great masses of men to come together and rejoice, at intervals of time, upon the completion of some great project, or the attainment of great age? This is a question of more than psychological impor tance. There are those who care nothing for such occasions; there are a few who would pass them by with indifferent eye, and leave them unnoticed, so far as they are concerned, in the annals of the race, but such men are rare; absorbed in sordid speculation and selfish desires, they would hold aloof from any demonstration of the nobler emotions, — if, indeed, they have such — when the least item of pecuniary ex pense is to be incurred thereby. Such men, it would seem, must be of the class whom Shakespeare so well described, as having no music in their souls, and being fit for "treason, stratagem and spoils." Such times of public rejoicing as mark the present attainment of our Quarter-Millennial Anniversary as a corporation, a body politic, are undoubtedly inspired by that "touch of nature which makes the whole world kin," and men rejoice and exult on such occasions because they are happy and proud of a worthy accomplishment — an accom plishment, perhaps, in which they may have had a little share, accord ing to the degree in which they have been useful in their day and gener ation, to their kindred, their neighborhood, the town, state, nation or the world. Each one, then, has a part, in times of general rejoicing, and who is to be pitied so much as the m.an who, condemned by the judgment of his fellow-men, languishes behind prison walls, or stands without, in fear of them? So that a conscious rectitude of life is necessary to complete enjo3'ment of a great celebration by humanity. But, it may be asked, why celebrate in so noisy a fashion? Why not build a monument, open a public park, and mark the event in a "more dignified way?" Because men are but children of a larger growth, and their exultation of feeling must have natural vent. After the shouting and parade have passed, then it is time, perhaps, to talk about a more raaterial commemoration. Let nature have its course. It was the dignified John Adams, who said, as he surveyed the accom plishment of our country's independence: "The Fourth of July ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfiies and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, fiom this time forward, forevermore, that the people may not foiget this priceless heritage." And the bells have rung, and the cannon have annually been fired, more or less, ever since, in North Side OF Main Street, Ru.st Block on the right AS IT IS Today patriotic communities. What would John Adams not say now, if he were living, and could survey the accomplishments of one hundred or two hundred and fifty years ? Northampton celebrates because the charter of her liberties comes from no king or queen, but from the sacrifices of most worthy ancestors. She surveys the accomplishments of the town and city corporation for two hundred and fifty years, and finds not a stain upon her name. Other towns and states have repudiated honest debts, but North ampton has always paid hers in full, with interest. A long line of illustrious sons and daughters have been given to the world; governors, councilors, heads of various departments of state, senators, generals, judges of all courts, diplomats, professors, renowned musicians, doctors, lawyers, clergymen, theologians and litterateurs. Northampton's sacrifices in all wars have given her as honorable a place in the roll of fame as any city in the land. Her beneficences, and the manner of their administration, year after year, have proven the integrity and trustworthiness of those who have had these charities in care and keeping. So far as is known, no embezzlers or traitors were born here. Neither has the brand of Cain followed any of her natives. Her sons and daughters who went out into the wide world — many of them able to be with us today — have been advantaged by the good character and training produced by the best home influences. If they are making a noble impress upon the life of other communities it is largely because of the influence of their early life here. For this, North Side of Main Street, as it is Toda^ therefore, we have to be thankful today — that Northampton has pro duced so much good moral influence and force in the world. The bad is very small in comparison with it. Much more might be said, if one were to detail the various religious, charitable and educational benefactions which make our city notable, but these features show for themselves and we may well content our selves with pointing to them with pride. They cannot fail to attract the attention of the world, and show why, with our great municipal age, we rejoice and exult over the present attainments. When this Celebration shall have passed into history, its moral teachings will have been more fully realized. The inspired writer who declared that "A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches" was speaking only of what everybody ought to know, but yet that which people are constantly forgetting. It will be found, after our period of rejoicing has passed, that the money spent was profitably employed, from something more than a pecuniary point of view. The passionate, wearisome and exhausting chase after material satisfaction and aggrandizement will have been interrupted for a better satisfac tion of spirit and soul. We shall become imbued with nobler ideals for the city and state. We shall approach nearer that time when few shall stand for selfishness, and nearly all will uphold the ideal state — when the rich man will help the poor man and the poor man love the great. The mad race after wealth and power may go on, but most of us will think of something better and strive for something nobler. South Side of Main Street, as it is Today Could the fathers of old be with us, in body, as they may^be in spirit, today, they must have the deepest satisfaction in the develop ment of their chosen site for a dwelling place. It only remains for their descendants to cherish their ideals, live as closely as they can to them, and those influences which have made Northampton so notable today will continue to bear as rich and even richer fruit in her children and children's children of the greater Northampton now in prospective. Northampton Daily Herald, June 4, 1904. A VIEW ON THE EVE OF CELEBRATION ffrom tbe local Sunaag Xetter to tbe Sprtngtleia IRepubllcan It is a secure past and a proud one. Notable have been the men and women who best represent old Northampton, and true and fine their culture. Worth and dignity and grace of character have never been better exemplified than in this old town of the Connecticut valley, whether we look to Eastern Massachusetts, to New Hampshire, to Virginia, or anywhere else on American soil. This is not the language of compliment, not a mere expression of the fond partiality of the author of Northampton's being, but the precise record of fact. South Side of Main Street, as it is Today It is'not easy to conceive of a lovelier spectacle of holiday inter est and flutter, of serene beauty and stately composure, amid surround ings refined and gracious, than the one city in Hampshire county presents today as her festival week auspiciously opens. To belong to an old family of Northampton is to be honored, and people so allied will flock thither in numbers to tax the hospitality and accommo dations of the place. It will be the finest sort of an "Old Home Week." Still will there be place and interest for those not of Northampton lineage. If the old is to be most glorified, the present is worth con sidering and talking about and enjoying. The representative who has come from Northampton in England will discover that in the North ampton of today he is seeing such perfection of civilization as the United States has got to show. In libraries, in its college, schools, social life and beauty of environment, he will be enjoying rural Massa chusetts quite at her best. By topping off with Boston, New York, Washington and the St. Louis Exposition, this Englishman ought to be qualified to write a book about us — at least as well as others of his countrymen have been. Much has been and will be said of the men of unusual abilities who contributed to make Northampton, but they wrought upon the sure foundation of the humbler men, who were faithful in smaller but mighty influential things. Let not these be forgotten, nor the women and children making up the families and homes, the village life so NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 509 delightful in Northampton, and in its highest social expressions dis tinguished far beyond the vicinage. The flavor of New England's best is still retained in Northampton, as in Pittsfield and Greenfield. The centering of county interests, and particularl}'- of the courts, in these shire towns, has brought to the three places an abiding intel lectual life higher and better than is manifest in centers of population more purely commercial. It is not entirely fancy which ascribes to them a keener and finer differentiation of values, a broader and more unvexed outlook, a more genuine satisfaction, in those things which contribute to the enduring satisfaction of life. Much of the best young blood of all three places finds scope for success and usefulness at home. Thus this historically important year of 1904 displays for inspection a city of 18,000 inhabitants, comely by nature, as of old, but richly equipped with varied industries, yet practicing agriculture as afore time in its famous fertile meadows. Learning has her seat there in Smith College, guided still by her first and much-beloved president, and in other worthy educational institutions. Churches and philan thropic agencies have multiplied, and clubs, and the variety of social organizations that belong to a modern city, are Northampton's in more than the ordinary measure. How greatly have the spanning 250 years enlarged the stern and simple life of the pioneers! In the flood of work attending the preparations for an adequate and fitting recognition of the Quarter-Millennial, petty differences have been forgotten, the machinery of a big Celebration is in motion and the day is here. The city has during the week blossomed forth in a wealth of color — there are decorations everywhere, and over and round about is Nature's matchless green, so rich and fresh after the generous rains. The letters from absent sons and daughters, written in response to invitations received, have abounded in love and loyalty for the mother town, and the publication of these in the local papers must have stirred present residents to a deeper sense of the meaning of the observance which local pride has prompted. The presence of a rep resentative of the English Northampton is so fitting that one wonders why Springfield did not think, when she observed her 250th anniver sary, to have the English Springfield represented. Alderman Cam pion comes from a city of over 60,000 inhabitants, the capital of North amptonshire, itself historic as the place where the Earl of Warwick gained a great victory over the Lancastrians in the meadows on the banks of the Nene back in 1400. Springfield Republican. The city of Northampton proved last week that it graduated long ago from the provincial class by the way it handled its 2Soth anni versary. It was not alone the excellence of the three-days' program which made the Celebration a triumph, but the completeness of ar rangements which permitted the events to take place without blunders 510 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION or confusion. Plans were laid weeks in advance for the city's birthday anniversary and there was a wide provision made for all the minute details which really determine the success or failure of an affair of that sort. There were committees and sub-committees and each man or woman on these committees was held strictly responsible for certain things. All worked with enthusiasm and heartiness and a keen sense of their responsibilities. As a result the Celebration was marked by some features which are sadly lacking on most occasions of this sort. Visitors were cordially received and directed all around the city, and the arrangements were such that guests felt no embarrass ment in asking questions. Buildings were labeled, programs were plentiful, and there was courtesy everywhere. The merchants added dignity to the occasion by closing their stores, showing that their regard for their city was stronger than any commercial consideration. So far as possible the events began on time and the exercises were of just the proper length. The three-days' program was well balanced and everybody was wel come to attend all that was going on. There was no exclusive function to which only a select few were invited, but the entire body of citizens of Northampton took part in the entire Celebration and gave the free dom of the city to the hundreds of guests. The arrangements for the press were the best possible. Realiz ing that the newspaper men had an arduous and nerve-wearing task, a suitable place in the center of the city was fitted up as headquarters for them, and there was placed all the paraphernalia of a newspaper office. The cordial and helpful spirit which the members of the committee showed toward the reporters was deeply appreciated by the press and aided materially in the work of writing adequate and accurate reports of the Celebration. The unfortunate habit of think ing of the press and then giving it only a half thought, was noticeably absent in Northampton, and the little city is in a position to instruct many larger cities in this respect. The success of the affair lay in the fact that no detail was too small to receive careful attention and that each citizen did the work apportioned for him to do. Springfield Union. Northampton's remarkably successful Celebration of its 250th anniversary the past week claimed the interest of the whole state and the particular attention of this valley, for, as we pointed out last week, it was an event of much local significance, by reason of the settlement of the town by men from Springfield, aside from that common bond of neighborly interest which prompts the friendly hand-clasp on occa sions like this. The old town has dispelled any illusion that North ampton "was rather slow," and few of the many anniversary visitors had full appreciation of the magnitude of the Celebration program, NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 511 despite the large publicity given the plans in advance. And when each succeeding day unfolded its wealth of appropriate exercises, following each other in orderly sequence, and with unusual prompt ness, surprise was generally expressed that so much could be accom plished. There was good judgment and excellent taste in it all, and contemplation of the Celebration can bring no regrets. It has been a good investment for Northampton, and the early critics of the Cele bration plan, as outlined, find but few supporters now that it is over. Springfield Rcpnblican. The Springfield Republican, in its Sunday issue of June 12th, in summing up the general character and effect of the Celebration, con tained the following paragraph : The city was particularly fortunate in its guests. Governor Bates did not come to make an inspection or a speech, but to make a visit. He was in town three days, and hundreds of the citizens met him and were charmed with his frank and cordial manner and attractive per sonality. The Governor and Mrs. Bates were guests of Councilor and Mrs. Richard W Irwin at their pleasant home on Henshaw avenue. Ex-Gov. John D. Long came to Northampton Sunday. He was the guest of Oscar Edwards and attended the First Church, where many people met him after the service. It was, indeed, as so frequently remarked during the Celebration, a fine and appropriate thing to have a representative from Old Northampton in England present, but there was much more to the visit of Alderman S. S. Campion than the fact of his mission alone. There was the fact that he was the right man in the right place. Alderman Campion proved to be a happy and effective speaker, an alert and keenly interested observer, and a genial and companionable man. He was not only a guest of the Celebration, but, like the two Governors, became an important part of it, and made friends at every turn, both by his public addresses and by his social qualities. New Northampton is indebted to Old Northampton not only for sending a man, but for sending the man they did. A man who could not make a speech might have had as much good will in his heart as Mr. Campion did, but the fact could not have been so promptly and agreeably made manifest. The absence of Governor Bates Monday from the state house, while the "Ancients" were holding their annual election and while the fight over the proposed Sunday law was at its height, was due, of course, to unusual causes. For even in a Commonwealth as ven erable as Massachusetts, it is not every day that a community can 512 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION hold a 250th anniversary. Indeed, the ancient city itself, from which it was so hard to coax an appropriation big enough to meet the neces sary bills, had perhaps a less imposing notion of the greatness of the ceremony than some of the visitors had. A stretch of 250 years, or nearly eight generations, covers almost the whole history of this part of the world, since the settlement of whites grew strong enough to make history. It includes everything except the very earliest battles of the white settlers to make a New England better than the Old. The frightful struggles with the lurking Indians, the trouble with the French; the rebellion of the colony; the glorious history of the century so lately ended; these have a historical value that make the Northampton jubilee a wonderful thing. Boston Advertiser. All Massachusetts is interested in Northampton, the same as it is interested in every other city and town, old or young, within its confines. This year there have been a number of celebrations among the older settlements, and in every instance that place has shown that it was not only advanced in years, but also advanced in wisdom and up-to-dateness. Northampton is going to do the same thing. To almost every man it will be recalled as a place where education can be had along the most approved lines. It can also be recalled as a business and agricultural community that can compete with any others in the Commonwealth. It is a place of which the state is proud, for it is on such communities that the state founds its claim to leadership among the commonwealths that make up this nation and that give it a leading place among the nations of the earth. Worcester Telegram. There was a big crowd out on the streets at Northampton last night, but not such a crowd as a city like Holyoke would have out. Such music and such beautiful decorations would pack the streets of Holyoke. But perhaps the people of Northampton are having such a glorious three days of it that they are not inclined to go out in admiration every night. It should be said that the money raised for the anniversary has been most wisely spent. The street and building decorations in Northampton, for the anniversary, have never been approached in Hampshire county. Those who during the past three days have stood near the City Hall and looked up towards Smith College, or down the hill to Bridge street, never will forget the beauty of the scene. Without exception every building is handsomely decorated, while at frequent intervals long lines of f.ags are stretched across the street. The trolley poles have been decorated, the decorations going two beyond the usual ones in Holyoke. Here a flag is hung from the poles. There is the flag and also a long line of bunting which reaches nearly to the ground, and NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 513 between that and the flag a half rosette of bunting, making an elaborate decoration, which knocks out all the decorations Holyoke has been used to seeing. The newspaper guests of Northampton the past three days have been treated royally, as becomes the generous men of that city. The committee has done everything to make it pleasant and profitable for them, even to providing credential cards from the Mayor and City Marshal, giving them the freedom of the city. Holyoke Transcript. The culmination of the Northampton Celebration was all that could be desired, and the old town can properly congratulate itself. Favored in weather, although the sun did not shine at all hours of the day, the ambitious program was carried out in all its detail, and the visitors, who came in ample numbers, were well entertained. Beau tiful was the scene on Main street yesterday morning, when, between the gayly-decorated buildings, moved the great parade, for the success of which Northampton and its daughter towns have worked so hard. It passed all too soon for the onlooker to fully appreciate its dignity, ingenuity and completeness — the mounted ofB.cials, handsome car riages, floats and automobiles, the uniformed ranks of marching men of the Grand Army, Spanish war veterans, militia and fraternal organ izations — all finally passing in review before the Governor, his Coun cil, the city and county officials, and the guests of the day. Springfield Rep-itblican. With a gorgeous parade, a banquet, and a blaze of fireworks North ampton brought to a close a Celebration which has been a grand tri umph from start to finish, and has been warmly praised by the many visitors to the city. It was the earnest desire of the citizens to make the town's observance of its 250th birthday an occasion to be remem bered, an event which might be handed down with pride to posterity, and these citizens succeeded admirably. If there is any city in the country which is planning for a parade of any sort it would be wise to go to Northampton for points. The parade this morning was a grand success. It was beautiful, smart, clever and original, and the streets were packed to witness it. Springfield Union. That much careful thought went into Northampton's Celebration is evinced by its outcome of beautiful decorations, brilliant il'umina- tions, its interesting and artistic parade, its museum of historical an tiquities, its tuneful music, its burst of brightness at the close in the fireworks and the reception at the City Hall, which in different ways 514 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION were equally brilliant, and in the eloquent and gifted speakers who graced the occasion with their presence. Northampton's interests have rested from the first on church and school, and it was peculiarly fitting that this Celebration should begin with the church services on Sunday, and that the address of welcome should be pronounced by the head of one of the country's greatest educational institutions. Northampton has done well. She has worthily celebrated a worthy beginning and pointed her way toward a forceful life, always on the side of right, in the future. Easthampton News. Northampton, the home of so much that is good and true, and beautiful in nature, art, ethics and glorious achievement, is open to the hearty congratulations of her sister municipalities, upon the mag nificent (big word, but none too big to express it) success of the Celebration of her 250th anniversary, which culminated in a flood of pyrotechnics Tuesday night. The oratory, the decorations, the street pageant, and last, but not least, the open arms of motherly interest with which she encircled her sons and daughters, and bade them wel come, thrice welcome, to the ancestral and revered hearthstones, were all illustrations of the maternal and fraternal spirit of the occasion. Long live old Northampton! May her enviable record, rich with the treasures of an eventful past, be but the earnest of what is to come, as cycle follows cycle into the great unknown. A more tempting and edifying intellectual and musical feast was never spread before the "River Gods" and their numerous descendants than was provided for this memorable occasion. To partake of this soul-inspiring feast was the privilege of a lifetime. Westfield News Letter. Northampton is being generally congratulated on the magnificent success of its 250th Anniversary Celebration. The Governor brings back word that he was amazed by its beauty. It was a triumph so cially, artistically and intellectual 1v Boston Herald. It is no exaggeration to say that the influence of Northampton, both religiously and educationally, has extended not only through the United States, but to the uttermost parts of the earth. Manchester (N. H.) Union. The city of Northampton has celebrated the 250th anniversary of its first settlement. The Celebration was in all its features worthy of the city of today, worthy of its best traditions, worthy of the im portance of the occasion. It has established a new date in city history, and furnished food for remembrances which will remain with those who participated in it while hfe lasts. It took them a long time to NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 515 get together, but when it was once settled that there was to be a Cele bration all classes joined hands and started in to make it one of which the city might be proud. The city was fortunate in having as chair men of the various committees men who were ready to work themselves and who possessed the faculty of getting others to work with them. An immense amount of work was accomplished, with results which must be highly gratifying to all concerned. Amherst Record. If there was anything lacking in Northampton's Celebration of her important birthday, it was not apparent to the outsider. It was only the promoters who could discover the vacant places, the might- have-beens, and it is quite likely that they forget them now, in review of the brilliant success of the affair. If less money was expended than might have been, it is certain that what was used was well applied. The spectacular possibilities were not neglected, but there is jjarticu- lar cause for congratulation that the substantials were given first thought, the speeches, the music and the social home greeting. Greenfield Recorder. A little act of courtesy during the Northampton parade was much appreciated by the many Holyokers who witnessed it. Lieutenant Sullivan, at the head of a squad of Holyoke police, drew up in front of the court-house, for duty. The Northampton chief came along in his automobile. He got out and gave up his place to Lieutenant Sullivan, he going on foot. It was that way all through the Celebra tion. The Northampton people first looked after the comfort of the visitors. Holyoke Transcript. Northampton's Main street, for three nights, was a dream of beauty. What possibilities of decoration the incandescent light has opened up ! How lame the older forms of night decoration are was well shown at Northampton, and it will indeed be years before the beauty of the city on these festive nights is outshone in this part of the country, and as good ta.ste never outlaws, it will never be recalled except as a triumph. Greenfield Recorder. Quite a large number from this town attended the Northampton Celebration, nearly fifty going over on Tuesday. They were much pleased with the excellent decorations, etc., and were given a royal welcome in the Meadow City. The parade was particularly fine. Northampton is to be congratulated on the success of its 250th ob servance, and Ware, the next largest place in the county, extends its greeting and best wishes for its future. Ware River News. 516 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION The good old country town — the city of Northampton — seems to have carried out one of its most successful of old-home week Celebra tions. One good feature of the Celebration was that it was not dragged out to a weary length. On Sunday, the first day, the religious exercises were attended to, and the more secular matters were amply carried out on Monday and Tuesday, completing the program just before the people began to weary of their activities. The affair seems to have been carried out in a business way, and it brought enjoyment and profit to many people. Pittsfield Eagle. The city of Northampton has given pleasure to a great many Franklin county people by its generous entertainment of this week, and there has been a large turnout of our people to do honor to a sister town. The guests have been entertained by good music, by a parade with many beautiful features, by brilliant decorations, and by thought ful and stimulating oratory that has adequately called attention to the real significance of the day. Northampton will never be sorry for the time and money it has spent to observe this anniversary. The impression has existed, to some extent, that this beautiful old city, like many other New Eng land communities, where habits and traditions have been fixed for generations, lacked a certain spirit of enterprise. As it takes push and energy to get up such an observance, the fact that it is held goes far to dispel such an impression. As it is through the constant expan sion of activity and growth in self-expression, that the individual finds himself and comes to a realization of his own powers, so it is through some public-spirited effort like this that a town comes to realize its strength and the possibilities that lie within its grasp. The more such enterprises are carried through to a successful conclusion the easier it is to carry on public-spirited activity. Men and women become used to good team work, acquire confidence in themselves and each other and in their collective ability to do things worth while. So the people of Greenfield have found it, in their coaching parades, their Board of Trade and other public -spirited activities. Greenfield Gazette. The festival music during the Celebration was in lofty tone. When Ralph Baldwin graduated from the press to music, the newspaper world lost a good representative and the world of art gained a good director. The vigor of his management is not hmited evidently to the handling of the baton, however, but extends into organization, and his chorus of fifty men was such an one as might well give him pride. Greenfield Recorder. Northampton is known as the Meadow City, but there isn't any grass growing in her streets this week. Holyoke Transcript. AFTER THE CELEBRATION EOltorial from Ibampsbirc ©ajette Too much cannot be said in praise of our great Celebration. It has been a splendid success from the beginning. Our people entered into the work of preparation for it with due appreciation of the essen tial thing to be celebrated, and with a determination to make it a not able success. To their great credit, be it said, they have done their part in a very commendable manner, and they may well be congratu lated upon the success of their efforts. The decorations of the public and private buildings have far ex ceeded the most sanguine expectations; they were very handsome, many of them elegant, and the memory of them will be a joy forever. The Sunday services in the various churches were very appro priate and added greatly to the general interest in the Celebration. It was most fortunate that this feature was made a part of the program. The leading features of the Celebration were the address of wel come by President Seelye and the oration by Governor Long. These were especially fine efforts — apt, felicitous, dignified, eloquent, and every way fitting to the occasion. The committee could not have made better selections for the performance of these important parts. The parade has been the much-heralded feature of the Celebra tion and the one in which the popular interest has been most centered. The address of welcome and the oration appealed to the intellect, the parade appealed to the eye. It is not too much to say that the parade met every expectation and passed off to the entire satisfaction of the onlookers. The banquet was also a fine success. The speeches were of a high order, full of good sentiment and appreciation. The illumination of the city was a most fitting part of the Cele bration. It supplemented the decorations most agreeably and gave a finish and tone to them which were necessary to completeness. Never before was there so beautiful a sight in this city. The historical collections were unexpectedly elaborate and inter esting, and added much to the pleasure of the Celebration. It was a pleasure to see once more so many of the sons and daugh ters of the town from near and far, and to witness their affection for and loyalty to their former residence. A unique and pleasant feature of the Celebration was the presence here of an official representative of Northampton, in Old England. Most happy was the thought that suggested the invitation to the mother city, and most fitting was the response. Alderman Campion proved to be just the right man to represent his city. He was a pleas ant gentleman to meet, genial and courteous in his intercourse with our people, a quick and keen observer of passing events, abounding in good sense, a man of scholarly attainments, and an exceptionally able and eloquent public speaker. His visit here will forever be a bright spot in the history and memory of our Celebration. 518 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION It is cause for congratulation that the plans for the Celebration were so well prepared at the start. The men selected for the various committees have proved to be very efficient; they entered upon their work with zeal and have carried it forward with prudence, energy and completeness. The city is to be congratulated upon the success which has at tended its efforts to celebrate this anniversary. The money it has expended in this Celebration will prove to be a good investment. The town has been well advertised. People who never knew of the town have been made acquainted with its history. Its institutions have been made known to the people of a large area. Our own people have come to learn more of the beautiful history of the town and will henceforth have a better appreciation of the rich heritage that is theirs. The children of this city have received impressions that will remain with them to the end of their lives. Yes, this Celebration will forever be a most valuable asset of the town. To make it complete, the record should be carefully prepared and published. Everything connected with it should be printed in a book — the organization of the commit tees, abstracts of the sermons, the address of welcome, the oration, the speeches at the banquet, descriptions of the decorations and illum inations, everything that was said and done. No time should be lost in preparing for this publication. The Celebration will not be com plete without it. Reviewing our three-days' Celebration again, we see nothing to regret, but much to commend, in the way it was planned and executed. It was not too long, nor yet was it too short. The exercises were all appropriate, and nothing could have been omitted without marring the general plan. There was not a hitch from beginning to end, every thing seeming to work with the regularity and smoothness of a clock in perfect running order. There is entire satisfaction, on the part of our citizens, on the part of the former residents who were here to par ticipate in the Celebration, and on the part of the general outside public. All are pleased and satisfied, and all are full of praise of the splendid manner in which everything passed off. Behind the committees who labored so well was the loyal public sentiment of the town. It did not fail. Strong in its purpose and instant in action, it came nobly to the support of the managers. No where was there a discordant note, nowhere an obstruction. Then the conduct of the vast crowd of people was most admirable. Here were fifty thousand people congregated and the poHce had Httle to do but to extend courtesies and aid in the enjoj^ment of the freedom of the city. There was no disorder or drunkenness. The people behaved as they would be expected to do at a Sunday-school picnic. NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 519 This Celebration has been an agreeable success in that it has shown the loyalty of that portion of our people whom we sometimes call the "new-comers." It stands to the credit of this class of our popu lation that they have not been behind the "old set" in helping on the Celebration. The part they took in the parade was such as to place them well in the front in displaying devotion to the historic past, and in all the departments they acquitted themselves in a most commendable manner. Race distinctions count for nothing when it comes to paying honors to the men and women who laid the founda tions of the great inheritance which all now enjoy with equal freedom. Another feature of the Celebration was the liberality of opinion so freely expressed in the speeches and addresses. No one approved of the hard and illiberal doctrines which Jonathan Edwards preached, and which were taught here for two hundred years, but all paid high tribute to the sincere devotion and unaffected piety of the people of those times. The world has moved forward in thought, in that it views with more generosity the questions which troubled our early generations. There is no less religion now than formerly, but more toleration of differences of opinion. All sects and denominations now work in harmony for the promotion of the common welfare, both here and hereafter. Northampton will hereafter be prouder than ever of its history. That history is unsurpassed by that of any other municipality. Beau tiful it is, satisfying to contemplate as a matter of the past, and an inspiration for the future. It will stand the test of the closest exam ination, and wherever held up its lustre will never grow dim. In this time of "looking backward" we must not overlook the great services which were rendered to this town by the two men who have been its historians, Sylvester Judd and James R. Trumbull. To these men the town owes a debt it can never repay. Each gave a full quarter of a century of labor to the accumulation of historical matter, without which this Celebration would have been a hard and difficult task. Mr. Judd accumulated valuable material and Mr. Trumbull put it in convenient form for use. The forefathers sowed; these men reaped. Long and patiently they labored, with no hope or expectation of reward, save in the consciousness of performing a great public work that needed to be done. To their memory and to their honor we record this testimony to the great service they per formed with so much care and efficiency and with such unselfish de votion. Great would have been their pleasure could they have lived lo see and to take a part in this great historical Celebration. Daily Hampshire Gazette, June 9, 1904. FINANCIAL EXHIBIT RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR THE QUARTER MILLENNIAL C ELEB RATION IRecefpts City appropriation Cash receipts, viz.: Mrs. Martha Strong Harris Northampton Street Railway Co. Northampton and Amherst Street Railway Co. . Greenfield, Deerfield and Northampton Street Railway Co. Plumbers' Union, City Alfred Starkweather, Oakland, Cal. Northampton Baseball Association Banquet Tickets sold Hampshire County Historical Pamphlets sold C. H. Bowker & Co. Sundry Receipts received and paid in by Ma3ror Hallett 100 .00 100, , 00 25 .00 IO . 00 25 . 00 •30 78 .70 481 .00 30 . 00 107 •43 25 .00 3°3 ¦43 $9785.86 :6ipenO(turcs Invitations Reception and Entertainment Monday Morning Exercises Children's Parade Games and Sports Parade and Floats BanquetDecorationsIlluminationsMusic Salute and Ringing Bells Historical Localities Historical Collections Transportation Printing Programs, Tickets, etc. Anniversary Tent Press Entertainment Daughters American Revolution Contingencies, Executive and Financial Committee Unexpended balance $200 . 00 533-96 170 . 90 132.52787-45 1439-63 709.39 1018.331191 . 84 656.96 16.50 215.71 181. 15 370-42 702.44748.25 73.62 40. 00 454-99 $9644 . 06 $141.80 THE YEARS TO COiME &y^8 How many ages hence Shall this our lofty scene be acted over, In states unborn and accents yet unknown ? Julius C.bsar, Act III, Scene i Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow. Creeps in this petty pace, from day to day. To the last syllable of recorded time. Shakespeare, "JIacbeth When Time, who steais our years away. Shall steal our pleasures too, The mem'ry of the past will stay. And half our joys renew. Thomas ilooRE O ! a wonderful stream is the river Time, As it runs through the realm of tears. With a faultless rhythm and a musical rhyme, And a broader sweep and a stirge sublime. As it blends in the ocean of ^^ears ! Bayard Taylor Build thee more stately mansions, O my soul. As the swift seasons roll! Leave thy low-vaulted past ! Holmes One God, one law; one element. And one far-off divine event, To which the whole creation moves. Texxyson AVhen the last reader reads no more. Holmes Till the sun grows cold And the stars are old, And the leaves of the judgment book unfold. Bayard Taylor: Bedouin Song The Lesson of Two Hundred and Fifty Years %et u» beat tbe condusion of tbe wbole matter: Jfear ffiotr, anh heep Jl?t« tommanbmcnts; fot tbis is tbe wbole butp of man. Old Testament INDEX T O TEXT Introduction . The First Celebration Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary (The Beginning;) The Petitio.n Action Taken in City Council and in Mass Meeting Preliminary' Co.mmittee of Arrangements First Meeting in City Hall Organization of Provisional Committee Report to General Committee Complete Working Organization The Invited Guests Invitation to Old Northampton, England Action Taken by Towns of Easthampto.n', Southampton and West hampton Preparations — Work of the Various Committees Proclamation by the Mayor Chief Marshal's Orders The Decorations The Illuminations Sermons and Services i.\ the Churches Service of Song Ringing of Bells and Firing of Salutes Exercises in Academy of Music President Seely'e's Address Ex-Governor Long's Address Afternoon Exercises in the Pavilion Principal Howard's Address Remarks of Mr. Campion The Ball Game Open Air Band Concerts Poems Contributed Concert by Northampton Vocal Club ReceptionThe Parade Collation and Post-Prandial Exercises in the Pavilion Introductory Remarks by Judge William G. Bassett Address of Welcome by Mayor Hexry C. Hallett Address by Governor John L. Bates Address by Admiral Francis A. Cook Address by Hon. Samuel S. Campion Address by Principal Joseph H. Sawyer Address by Rev. Henry T. Rose, D.D. Address by- Ho.n. Frederick H. Gillett Address by President L. Clark Seelye, LL.D. Address by Col. Joseph B. Parsons Letters of Regret Colonial Reception Fireworks 195 1414 21 2325 293938 48 53 76 77 8193 i°5 146 151 152154 161179180189193 338 196198 203205296298299 3013°4 305 313 316319322 325 327 329339 524 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Historical Localities Historical Collections Incidential Events Award of Prizes to Floats Address of Prof. Hazen Meeting of High School Alumni Miller Family Reunion Public Comfort House Felicitation upon Freedom from Disorder, Etc. List of Visitors to the Celebration Measures Taken for the Publication of This Book What the Press Had to Say Financial Exhibit 347382 414 115 417421 421 429 432 450 500 S°4520 PAGES OF SENTIMENT Extract from John Boyle O'Reilly's Poem Extract from John G. Whittier's Centennial Hymn Extract from Holland's "Kathrina" Home and Native Land The Roll of Fame The City's Motto The Breaking Waves Dashed High Northampton the Beautiful Northampton as Pictured by one of her Sons The Past and Future A Portal to all Arts Childhood Days Old Times Our Fathers and Our Birthplace School Days Recalled Mounts Holyoke and Tom Our Country Men, High-Minded Men The Country Parson The Country Doctor The Bench and Bar The Old Familiar Faces When I Remember All To Live in Hearts We Leave Behind A Good Name On the Mountain Top The Years to Come The Lesson of Two Hundred and Fifty Years VI VIII XVI 4 37 104i°515° 204296 328346381 416 420434 449473 478 480482 488492494 499 503521 522 INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS FOR TRAITS Noted Men and Benefactors of the Town and City (Whose Portraits appear preceding the Sentiment-Page, " Roll of Fame." Allen, Rev. William, D.D. i Bates, Hon. Isaac C. 36 Bliss, George 30 Clarke, John . 2 Earle, Dr. Pliny 18 Edwards, Rev. Jonathan xiv Forbes, Charles E. 12 Hill, Samuel L. 10 Holland, Josiah Gilbert xv Judd, Sylvester 20 Lilly, Alfred T. 12 Lyman, Edward H. R. 26 Mills, Hon. Elijah Hunt 34 Strong, Governor Caleb, LL.D. iv Trumbull, James R. 22 Williston, John P. 6 Municipal Oflicers and Celebration Committees Board of Aldermen, 1904 . 41 Chairmen of Sub-Committees 56 and 57 Common Council, 1904 . . 42 and 43 Executive and Finance Committee 52 Mayors of Northampton 44 Town Committee, Easthampton 49 Town Committee, Southampton 50 Town Committee, Westhampton 51 Local Clergy Barrett, Rev. S. Allen 136 Breaker, Rev. John C. . 120 Buckingham, Rev. Herbert G. 140 Butler, Rev. Willis H. 126 Cobb, Rev. Elisha G. 136 Free, Rev. Alfred 138 Gallen, Rev. Patrick H. 141 Holmes, Rev. Clement E. 128 Kenny, Rev. John 130 Kent, Rev. Frederick H. 122 Lucey, Rev. Thomas P. 144 Powell, Rev. Lyman P. 118 Rainville, Rev. Noel 143 Reding, Rev. Peter C. 145 Rose, Rev. Dr. Henry T. 107 526 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Speakers at Post-Prandial Exercises Bassett, Judge William G. 299 Bates, Governor John L. 302 Campion, Hon. Samuel S. 306 Cook, Admiral Francis A, 304 Gillett, Hon. Frederick H. 319 Hallett, Mayor Henry C. 299 Parsons, Col. Joseph B. 325 Rose, Rev. Henry T., D.D. 316 Sawyer, Principal Joseph H. 313 Seelye, President L. Clark, LL.D. 322 Some Participants in the Colonial Ball Bigelow, Miss Jane A. 333 Cook, Miss Helen G. 330 Cook, Miss Isabel A. 332 Copeland, Dr. Elmer H. 332 Smith, Miss Jeanie D. 331 Individual Portraits of Citizens and Others Baldwin, Ralph L. 199 Campion, Hon. Samuel S. 189 Carroll, Matthew 225 Clapp, Egbert I., When He Enlisted 501 Clark, Sheriff Jairus E., on Horseback 205 Gere, Henry S., as Oldest Editor 500 Howard, Principal Edwin C. 179 Irwin, Capt. Richard W., on Horseback 207 Johnson, Mrs. Drusilla Hall 223 Long, Hon. John D. 161 Miller, Elbert H. T. 421 Packard, Austin 223 Seelye, President L. Clark, LL.D. 154 Stoddard, Prof. John T. 502 Tyler, Prof. Henry M. 502 Wellman, L. Lee 179 Williams, Col. Henry L., on H^orseback 209 INDIVIDUALS IN GROUPS A Distinguished Northampton Eamily 474 Josiah D. Whitney William Dwight Whitney Josiah D. Whitney, Jr. Henry M. Whitney James L. Whitney "They were Honored in Their Generation," etc. 475 Hon. Isaac C. Bates and Mrs. Martha Henshaw Bates Judge Samuel Henshaw and Mrs. Martha Hunt Henshaw Benjamin Tappan and Mrs. Sarah Homes Tappan NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 527 'A Man Dies, but his Name Remains' Timothy Dwight Mrs. Mary Woolsey Dwight Major Josiah Dwight Samuel Hinckley Capt. Samuel Parsons 476 Old Court-House Group Jonathan Hunt Butler Giles C. Kellogg Major Harvey Kirkland Judge Joseph Lym.\n A Group of Old Pastors Rev. Michael E. Barry Rev. Zachary Eddy, D.D. Rev. Gordon Hall, D.D. Samuel F. Lyman Dr. Daniel Stebbins Solomon Stoddard Samuel Wells Rev. John Todd, D.D. Rev. Payson Williston 477 479 Northampton Doctors of the Past Dr. Benjamin Barrett Dr. Edward E. Denniston Dr. James Dunlap Dr. Sylvester Graham Dr. Ebenezer Hunt Dr. David Hunt Dr. Charles L. Knowlton Dr. Gustavus D. Peck Dr. Daniel Thompson 481 Some of Northampton's Noteworthy Contributions to the Bar and Bench 483 Judge William Allen Osmyn Baker Haynes H. Chilson Charles Delano Judge Charles A. Dewey Judge Samuel Howe Judge Joseph Lyman Judge Samuel T. Spaulding Some of the Respected Older Men of the Past Capt. Jonathan Brewster Paul Strong Samuel W. Lee David B. Whitcomb Josiah Parsons Dea. Eliphalet Williams Col. Thomas Pomeroy 484 Representative Men of Their Times Henry Bright William Clark Lewis J. Dudley Erastus Hopkins Some Representative Northampton the "Great Majority" Atkins, James D 485 Arnold, William F. Bodman, Luther Bond, Henry H. Bottum, Samuel A. Burleigh, Charles C. Butler, Jonathan Hunt Carr, Sjiith 493 48648949° 493 493 4S6491 Gen. Luke Lyman Henry Shepherd Oliver Warner Business Men who have joined Childs, Henry . 490 Clark, Capt. Edwin C. 489 Cook, Gen. Benjamin E. 489 Copeland, Edward P. 4S7 Crafts, David W. 489 Crafts, Josephus 489 Dikeman, Henry 490 French, Marvin M. 486 528 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION Fuller, Stephen B. Gaylord, William M. Hebert, Joseph Herrick, Webster Hillyer, Winthrop Hunt, Seth Kingsley, Charles B. Kingsley, Dea. Daniel Kingsley, Prof. George Lincoln, Dea. Addison J. Longley, Major Henry A. Maltby, Lafayette Meekins, Dr. Thomas W. Otis, Gen. John L. Parsons, Capt. Enos Parsons, Horace K. Pratt, William F. 493 Ray, George H. 493 487 Ross, Austin 493 491 Rust, Theodore 487 486 Shepard, Col. George 489 487 Smith, Charles 49° 486 Smith, Silas M. 486 490 Stoddard, Dea. William H. 489 486 Strong, Sidney 487 491 Spaulding, Capt. Mark H. 491 489 Thayer, Col. Justin 486 487 Thompson, Dr. Austin W. 487 487 Warner, Oliver 490 49° Warner, Joseph 491 493 Warner, John F. 493 489 Williams, Michael 491 493 Whitcomb, Waldo H. 491 487 Wright, Ansel 490 Oldest Business Men of Northampton Now Living Bond, Judge Daniel W. Branch, Robert M. Bridgman, Sidney E. Clarke, Christopher Clark, Merritt Cook, Benjamin E. Davenport, Dr. Joseph N. Davis, Nelson A. Demond, J. Howe Dickinson, Charles H. Dimock, Lucius Draper, John L. Edwards, Oscar Field, Lemuel B. Gere, Henry S. Gilfillan, Dr. Thomas Grogan, Matthew 498 Haven, Henry B. 498 498 Jones, Dr. William H. 496 495 Kinney, Charles M. 497 495 Learned, Dr. John B. 498 495 Marsh, Joseph . 496 497 McCallum, Alexander 496 497 Parsons, Isaac S. 495 498 Pomeroy. William C. 497 497 Porter, Samuel 498 495 Pratt, Charles S. 497 495 Roberts, Dr. Osmore O. 497 496 Searle, James H. 495 495 Smith, Watson L. . . 496 498 Strickland, Judge William P. 496 495 Todd, William H. 496 496 Williams, Joseph C. 497 497 Williston, A. Lyman 496 ?9ietDB of ©bents an5j ©bjetts Cnnnetteti toitlj tbe Celefiration Decorated Buildings The Court of Honor Corner of Main and Masonic Streets Forbes Library Main Street, from City Hall City Hall First Church and Court-House Savings Bank and Court-House The Old Bank Smith College Smith Charities Main Street, near Old South Hotel Hampton South Side of Main Street, corner Pleasant Odd Fellows Hall 82 83848586888990 919293 94 95 NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 529 First National Bank and Commercial College 96 Court of Honor at Night 97 Lilly Library, Florence 98 Parsons Block, Florence 99 THE PARADE Governor Bates, Staff and Ladies ioi Marshals-of the Parade 206 Marshals and Aids . . 208 The Sheriffs Appear, Heading the Proces.sion 210 Waiting for the Procession to Appear 212 Invited Guests in Carriages . 214 The Southampton Settlers' Team Comes in View 220 Governor Bates and Mrs. Bates in Carriage 221 Next the Nonotuck Company's Gorgeous Float 222 A Rosebud Garden of Girls 224 Some More of Them . 226 Easthampton's Contribution Comes in Sight 228 Old Stage-Coach from Southampto.n 229 Hints of the Horseless Age 230 More of the Horseless 231 The Decorated Carriages 232 The Fire Department . 236 Looking Down the Street, near City Hall 238 The Front of Masonic Temple 239 After the Procession had Passed 240 Decorated Automobiles Bement, Frederick W. 234 King, Warren M. 233 Crooks, Edgar F. 234 Risley, Warren T. 233 Davis, Eugene E. 237 Wood, Edward E., Jr. 234 Jager, Frederick G. 234 Decorated Carriages Bailey, Grace 218 Harlow, Mrs. Charles N. 218 Clark, 'Jairus E. 216 Haven, Henry B. 218 Clark, Dr. Sidney A. 219 Kinney, Charles W. 217 Demond, J. Howe 218 McCallum, Alexander 216 Field, Horace W. 217 Williams, Henry L. 216 Fitts, Charles N. 216 ELOATS The First School-House 244 The Old "One-Hoss Shay" 246 The Colonial Court Float 246 Easthampton Town Float . 248 Hampton Company, Easthampton 250 Southampton Settlers' Team . 252 Southampton Independent R. R. Co. 254 Dairying Float from Westhampton .... 256 One of the Historical Floats (The Perils of Our Forefathers) 242 Another Historical Float (The Minute Men) 243 Another View of the Westhampton Float 258 530 QUARTER-MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION The Manufacturing Floats Nonotuck Silk Co., Florence 260 Nonotuck Silk Co., Haydenville 260 Nonotuck Silk Co., Leeds 262 Belding Bro's Silk Mill 264 Florence Manufacturing Co. 265 McCallum's Hosiery Mill 266 Hampton Mills, Easthampton 250 Society Floats and Displays St. Jean Baptiste Society 268 Objects on St. Jean Baptiste Float 270 St. Jean Baptiste Society 271 St. Joseph's Society Float No. i 272 St. Joseph's Society Float No. 2 272 Same Old Crowd 258 Patriarchs Militant 259 Nonotuck Lodge, Odd Fellows 259 St. Joseph's Society . 273 Sacred Heart Cadets Float 276 Court Duvernay, Foresters . . 276 Float of the United German Societies 277 Crescent Lodge, Degree op Honor 278 Capawonke Tribe, I. O. R. M. 278 Knights of Columbus . . . 280 Enterprise Lodge, Degree of Honor Florence Commandery, U. O. G. S. St. Anne's Society . 283 Court Meadow City, Foresters 284 Ancient Order of United Workmen 284 Some Florence Girls Come to Town 2S7 James F. Sh.annon's Float 291 Historical Localities Old Church, Court-House, Whitney Building, Park, 1864 350 Northampton Center, as it was in 1838 . 352 View of Round Hill and the Stoddard House 354 T»E.JONATHAN EdWARDS MeETING-HoUSE 356 East Cctr^er Main and King Streets, 1855 357 Residence of Judge Joseph Lyman 360 Warner House 361 Old Mansion House .... 364 Edwin Kingsley House and Blacksmith Shop 369 Residence of Henry R. Hinckley 355 The Jonathan Edwards Elm 362 , Edwards Church and Hunt House 366 The Great Elm Tree 367 The Lewis Parsons House 373 Old Clarke Block 3y6 Old Wright House . 370 The Chauncey E. Parsons House 3yi Portrait of Isaac Gere . 378 Portrait of Jemima (Kingsley) Gere 3^8 Old Town Hall 375 Residence of Prof. George Kingsley 37g 2«2282 NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS 531 Historical Collections Cane and Indian War Club of Capt. John King 382 Old Portrait of Lafay'ette 387 Lafayette in Northampton, in 1825 388 Mrs. Isaac C. Bates in Old Age 393 Hiram Ferry 398 Mrs. Levi Shepherd 400 Thomas Shepherd 400 Old Pomeroy House 401 Round Hill in 1810 402 George Bancroft 403 Joseph G. Cogswell 403 Chair op Caleb Strong 405 Jenny Lind and Her Husband . 407 Old Gothic Seminary . 407 Madam Rhoda Edwards Dwight . 409 Exhibition Rooms in Home Culture Clubs' House 390, 394, A.00, 408 Miscellaneous Invitation to Northampton, England 38 Back of Advertising Envelope 61 Sketch of Competitive Design 64 Official Program 65 Northampton Baseball Club 192 Northampton Vocal Club 200 Southampton Household Relics 253 Old Church, Northampton, England . 307 Old Church, Northampton, England (Interior Chancel) 307 The Minuet — Opening Movements, Etc. 334^5 First Railway Train at Northampton 412 Henry S. Gere and Mrs. Gere in 1850 501 North Side of Main Street 505-6 South Side of Main Street 507-8 YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 01503 7253 Ipili lipii;! ' i^'in I'M'Pi;;*' ',