39002015091557 If ^ ¦, - " .*¦;¦"--¦ i * . ^,/ ¦"¦<'wi" -^¦:r"' :¦ = ^ ' i --' ,\v;.;fe :i-n#,|jilf:f* HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY VERMONT WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF SOME OF ITS PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS H. EDITED BY P. SMITH F. H. DEWART CIVIL ENGINEER 159 Loomis Si. Burlington, Vt. SYRACUSE, N. Y. D. MASON & CO., PUBLISHERS 1886 D. MASON & CO., BJOOK AND JOB PRINTERS, 63 WEST WATER ST,, BIYRACUSE, N, Y. INTRODUCTORY. WHILE it may seem to the uninitiated a task involving but little difficulty to prepare for publication a work no more comprehensive in character than this volume, and containing the history merely of a single county, still it is not out of place here to assure all such readers that the work is one demand ing a vast amount of labor and research, watchful care, untiring patience, and great discrimination. This need not be said to any person who has had experience in similar work. In attempting the production of a creditable his tory of Addison county, the publishers and the editor did not underestimate the difficulties of their task, and came to it fully imbued with a clear idea of its magnitude, and a determination to execute it in such a manner that it should receive the commendation of all into whose hands it should fall. It is believed that this purpose has been substantially carried out, and that, while a perfect historical work has never yet been published, this one will be found to contain so few imperfections that the most critical reader will be satisfied. It has been a part of the plans of the publishers in the production of this history to secure, as far as possible, assistance from parties resident in the county, either as writers, or in the revision of all manuscripts ; the conse quence being that the work bears a local character which could not otherwise be secured, and, moreover, comes from the press far more complete and per fect than could possibly be the case were it intrusted wholly to the efforts of comparative strangers to the locality in hand. In carrying out this plan the editor has been tendered such generous co-operation and assistance of various kinds, that merely to mention all who have thus aided is impossible ; the satisfaction of having assisted in the production of a commendable public enterprise must be their present reward. But there are some who have given so generously of their labor and time towards the consummation of this work that to leave them unmentioned would be simple injustice. Among these 4 Introductory, should be mentioned Mr, Henry L. Sheldon, of Middlebury, for invaluable aid (as appears in subsequent pages) and access to his large collection of books, manuscripts, etc.; Hon. Jno. D. Smith, of Vergennes, for his valuable chapter on the Bench and Bar of the county, and a history of the city of Vergennes ; Dr. Chas. L. Allen, now of Rutland, for valuable services in preparing the chapter on the medical fraternity; Justus Cobb, of Middlebury, for contributing the chapter on the county press ; Professor Ellithorpe, of Bridport, Hon. R. J. Jones, and others, for the comprehensive chapter on the sheep interests of the county ; Mr. and Mrs. N. S. Bennett, of Bridport, for aid in writing the his tory of their town; M. B. Gove, for writing the history ofthe town of Lincoln; the late E, S. Dana and others, for preparation of the history of the town of New Haven ; Hon. Wm. S. Wright, for writing the history of the town of Waltham, To all these, to the entire press and clergy of the county, the town clerks and other officials, and to so many others that it is impossible to men tion them in detail, the gratitude of editor, publishers, and readers is alike due. With these words of introduction, the work is commended to its readers. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. THE SUBJECT. The Territory of Addison County in Prehistoric Times — Its Territory Discovered by "W"hite Men — -Subject to Five Different Powers — Division of the State of "Vermont into Counties — Their Names and Extent — Errors in Dates — Extent and Boundaries of the Present Addison County — - Division into Towns — Beginning of its History — KTst Courts 13 CHAPTER II. NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS. Topography — Mountains of the County — Their Striking Peculiarities — Lakes and Streams — Lake Champlain — Its Historical Associations — Ticonderoga and Crown Point — Chimney Point — Mount Independence — Lake Dunmore — Other Lakes and Ponds — Otter Creek — Diary of James Coss — Tlie Lemon Pair River — Leicester River — Middlebury River — New Haven River — G-eology — Resume of the Science — The GHacial Period and its Results — Clay Deposits of the County — Fossils — Formation of Terraces — Rocks of the County — The Marble Deposit — Other Rock Formations — Minerals of the County — Soil and Timber 16 CHAPTER III. DISCOVERT AND OCCUPATION. Jacques Cartier's Discovery — Events Leading to Civilized Occupation — Abandonment of the Early Explorations — Changes Ushered in with the Fifteenth Century — John Cabot's Explorations — His Immediate Successors — European Claimants for the Ter ritory of the New "World — Cartier's Renewed Discoveries — "New France" — Other French Explorers — Samuel de Champlain — His Discovery of the Lake which Bears His Name — His Battle with the Iroquois — Henry Hudson's Discoveries — Settlement of the Dutch on Manhattan Island 36 Contents. CHAPTER IV. ADVANCING SETTLEMENTS. Progress of CiviHzed Occupation — Settlements and Thrift of the Dutch — Interference by the English — Charles II Charters to the Duke of York — Incursions of the French Against the Mohawks — The Peace of Breda — De Frontenac's Reign in New France — English Expeditions— First Civilized Occupation of the Territory of Addison Coanty— Further Contests Between the French and English — The Treaty of Ryswick — Queen Anne's "War — The Treaty of Utrecht — Resettlement at Chimney Point — The French Fortify Crown Point — Progress of English Settlements — Building of Fort Dummer — The Struggle Between England and France Renewed — Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle — Another Declaration of "War — Abercrombie's Defeat by Montcalm — Amherst's Successful Operations — The Treaty of Paris — End of the Yrench Regi-me — French Seigniories 53 CHAPTER V. CIVIL DIVISIONS. Controversy Between Vermont and New Hampshire — Boundaries Estabhshed by Royal Decree — Early Settlements in the Territory of Addison County — The Controversy Between the New Hampshire Grants and New York — Injustice of the Claims of New York — Details of the Controversy as they Relate to Addison County 61 CHAPTER VI. THB TIDE OP REVOLUTION. The Trials of Vermont as a State — Settlements in the Several Towns Previous to the "War of the Revolution — Resume of the Principal Events of the "War as Related to Addi son County — Captures of Prisoners — Close of the "War — Vermont's Admission to the Union — Latest Events in the Controversy with New York 66 CHAPTER VII. FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THE PRESENT TIME. The Beneficent Reign of Peace — Advance of Settlements — The Second "War with Great Britain — Its Chief Causes — Effects in Addison County — Defense of the Mouth of Otter Creek- The Battle of Plattsburgh — Local Effects of the "War — The "Cold Summer" — Agricultural Pursuits Early in the Century — The First Newspaper — The Panic of 1837-38 — The Railroad Era— The Period of Prosperity Preceding the Civil War iji Contents. CHAPTER VIII. ADDISON COUNTY IN THB "WAR OF THE REBELLION. Patriotism of Vermont — The Middlebury Light Guard — History of the First Regiment — The Second Regiment — Addison County Bnhstments Therein — Career in the Field — The " Vermont Brigade " — The Fifth Regiment — The Sixth Regiment and its Addison County Members — Further History of the Vermont Brigade — Details of its Honorable Service — The Eleventh Regiment — The Seventh Regiment and its Rela tion to Addison County — Deathof Colonel Roberts — The Ninth Regiment — First Vermont Cavalry — Its Formidable List of Engagements — First Battery — Nine Months Men — The Seventeenth and Fourteenth Regiments — Statistics from the Various Towns of the County — Roster of Field and Staff Officers 76 CHAPTER IX. ¦COUNTY BUILDINGS, SOCIETIES, INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS, CIVIL LIST, ETC. Places for Holding Early Courts — The First Court-House — The Old "Wooden Jail — The Stone Jail — Removal of the Court-House — The New Brick Court-House — Addison County Agricultural Society — The Champlain Valley Agricultural Association — Mid dlebury Historical Society — Internal Improvements — Old Military Road — Old Time Traveling — The Building of Railroads — Rutland and Bennington Railroad — Vermont and Canada Road — The Vermont Central — Civil List 116 CHAPTER X. BENCH AND BAR OP ADDISON COUNTY. Early Independence of Vermont — The Judicial System — The Town Meetings — Acts of Early Conventions — The Council of Safety — Court of Confiscation — Superior Court — Court of Chancery — Probate Courts — Courts of Insolvency — Probate Judges of Addison County — County Courts — Justices of the Peace — Judges of the County Court — Supreme Court Judges — Biographical Sketches 129 CHAPTER XI. MEDICAL SOCIETY AND PHYSICIANS. The Doctor of Early Days — Organization of the Addison County Medical Society — First Members — First Board of Officers — Names of Early Members — Vicissitudes — Sus pension of the Society — Reorganization — An Bra of Success — Biographical Mem oranda of Deceased Physicians 161 Contents. CHAPTER XII. THE PRESS OP ADDISON COUNTY. The Printing Business in Early Days — Remarkable Changes — The First Newspaper in Middlebury — The Power of the Press — List of Papers Published in the County — Biographic Memoranda — Papers of Vergennes and Bristol — Other Pubhcations 181 CHAPTER XIIL FREEMASONRY IN ADDISON COIJNTY. Strength of the Order in this County — Grand Lodge Organization — First Lodges in Addison County — The Anti-Masonic Crusade — Prominent Men of the Order 192 CHAPTER XIV SHEEP HUSBANDRY AND LIVE STOCK IN ADDISON COUNTY. Antiquity of the Sheep — First Accounts in the Scriptures — First Peoples who Raised Sheep — Changes of Locality — Origin of the Merino — Improvement in Breed — History of the Merino Sheep — Addison County — Early Mutton Sheep — Their Marketable Qualities — The First Merinos in the County — The Early Breeders — Beginning of Improvement — Magnitude of Improvement — The Saxony Sheep — "Wool Bearing Qualities — Comparisons Between the Early and the Modern Merino — Descriptions of the two Types — Great Change of Purpose by the Breeders — Sheep Breeders' Associations — Objects and Success — Comparisons of "Wool Product — Peculiarities of High Bred Sheep — How Improvement has been AccompUshed — Noted Breeders of the County — General Benefits to the County — Horse and Cattle Breeding in the County 201 CHAPTER XV HISTORY OF THE TO"WN OF MIDDLEBURY 233 CHAPTER XVI. HISTORY OF THE TO"WN OF ADDISON 357 CHAPTER XVII. HISTORY OF THE TO"WN OP BRIDPORT 380 Contents. 9 CHAPTER XVIII. HISTORY OP THB TO"WN OP BRISTOL 397 0 CHAPTER XIX. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF CORNWALL 416 CHAPTER XX. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OP FERRISBURGH 436 CHAPTER XXI, HISTORY OP THE TOWN OF GOSHEN 454 CHAPTER XXII, HISTORY OF THB TOWN OF GRANVILLE 461 CHAPTER XXIII, HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF HANCOCK 466 CHAPTER XXIV HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF LEICESTER 470 CHAPTER XXV, HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF LINCOLN 481 CHAPTER XXVI. HISTORY OF THB TOWN OF MONKTON 513 CHAPTER XXVIL HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF NEW HAVEN 522 IO Contents. CHAPTER XXVIII. HISTORY OP THE TOWN OF ORWELL ^* CHAPTER XXIX. HISTORY OF THB TOWN OF PANTON 576 CHAPTER XXX. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF RIPTON 590 CHAPTER XXXI. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SALISBURY 595 CHAPTER XXXIL HISTORY OF THE TOWN OP SHOREHAM 610 CHAPTER XXXIII. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF STARKSBORO 628 CHAPTER XXXIV. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF VERGENNES 640 CHAPTER XXXV HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF W^ALTHAM 702 CHAPTER XXXVI. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF WEYBRIDGE 712 CHAPTER XXXVII. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF WHITING 722 Contents. II CHAPTER XXXVIII. BIOGRAPHICAL 733 BRIEF PERSONALS Appendix i INDEX " Ivii ILLUSTRATIONS, Barton, F. D facing 704 Battell, Phillip, between 336 337 Beach, Allen P., facing 440 Bennett, N. S., facing 380 Dana, Edward S., facing 192 Dodge, Sardis, facing 766 Douglass, J. P., facing 750 Dukett, Aikens, facing 230 Gray, Ozro P., facing 388 Hand, Richard C, facing 758 Hazard, Rufus, facing 442 Jewett, B. R., facing 186 Jones, R. J., facing 430 Knapp, Lyman E., facing 298 Lane, Henry, facing 420 Linsley, Charles, facing 154 Middlebury, Map of the Early Set tlement of, between 240-241 McCuen, N. J., facing 692 Merritt, W. H., facing 608 Nash, William, facing 546 Remele, Loyal C, facing 774 Smith, Dr. M. D., facing 340 Smith, Sheldon, facing 384 Smith L. E., facing 514 Stewart, John W., between 336-337 Stickney, Tyler, facing 214 Stevens, H., , facing 742 Storey, Miles, between 762-763 Storey, Mrs. Miles, between 762-763 Tupper, A. P., facing 734 Walker, S. Z,, between 746-747 Walker, Russell, between 746-747 Ward, W. W., facing 710 Ward, Ira, facing 544 Wicker, Cyrus W., facing 450 Wright, WiUiam S facing 702 12 Contents. BIOGRAPHICAL. Barton, Franklin D., 757 Battell, Phillip, 772 Beach, AUen P 756 Bennett, Nathan S,, 745 Dana, Hon. Edward S., 739 Dodge, Sardis, 767 Douglas, J. P., 751 Dukett, Aikens, 761 Gray, Ozro P., 754 Hand, Richard C, 758 Hazard, Rufus, 741 Jewett, E. R., 752 Jones, Hon. Rollin J., 768 Knapp, Col. Lyman E., 734 Lane, Judge Henry 737 Linsley, Charles, 770 McCuen, N J., 759 Merritt, W. H., 755 Nash, WUliam, 750 Remele, Loyal C, 774 Smith, Dr. M. D., 748 Smith, Sheldon, 765 Smith, L. B., 749 Stewart, John W., 735 Stickney, Tyler, 766 Stevens, Herrick, 742 Storey, MUes, 762 Tupper, Almon P., 733 Walker, S. Z., 747 Walker, RusseU, 746 Ward, W. W., 704 Ward, Ira, 700 Wicker, Cyrus W., 743 Wright, Judge WilUam S., 764 HISTORY of ADDISON COUNTY CHAPTER I. THE subject' The Territory of Addison County in Prehistoric Times — Its Territory Discovered by White Men — Subject to Five Different Powers — Division of the State of Vermont into Counties — Their Names and Extent — Errors in Dates — Extent and Boundaries of the Present Addison County — Division into Towns — Beginning of its History — First Courts. T N the annals of a century and a half, by successive deeds of daring, by X bloody forays, by the romance of border warfare, by the conflicts of fleets and armies, the waters and shores of Lake Champlain have been consecrated as the classic ground of America." ^ This remark by the writer of a popular historical work applies to the district of territory to the history of a portion of which this work is devoted. For how many years the region of which Addi son county forms a part, was a favorite resort of the Aborigines before they were rudely supplanted by the Caucasian, is a mooted question. It has never been answered with any degree of assurance, and probably never will be. But the discovery of the county's territory by the whites certainly dates with the advent of Samuel de Champlain upon the waters which perpetuate his name, in July, 1609, and from this event dates the period of its authentic history. To five different powers has the county's territory been nominally subject, viz. : The Indian, by right of original possession ; the French, by right of dis covery ; the English, by right of conquest and colonization ; Vermont, as an independent republic, from her declaration of independence on January 15, 1777, to her admission into the Union March 4, 1791 ; and to the United States for the last ninety-four years. It has formed a portion, also, of five dif ferent counties. The first, Albany county, was erected by New York in 1683, ^ Watson's Pioneer History of the Champlain Valley. 14 History of Addison County. and included within its limits not only all of the present territory of Vermont, but all that part of Massachusetts lying west of the Connecticut River.^ For nearly a century this division remained intact, or until March 12, 1772, when it was divided into three counties, one of which, Charlotte, embraced within its limits the present territory of Addison county. Bounded on the east by the Green Mountains, it extended from the Canada line on the north to the Battenkill and the south line of the New York patent of Princetown on the south, and reached westward beyond Lakes George and Champlain. The organization of this extensive county was completed in the summer of 1773, and a full complement of county officers was appointed to manage its affairs. With the organization of the State government of Vermont, however, in March, 1778, Charlotte county was overthrown. Vermont was divided into two coun ties. Unity on the east, and Bennington on the west side of the Green Moun tain range. In 1780 the name of Washington was given to the territory north of the present Bennington county and west of the mountains ; but this act of the General Assembly is reported to have been written only on a slip of paper and never recorded; in any event, on February 13, 1781, Rutland county was incorporated, embracing the territory of Washington county. Finally, Octo ber 18, 1785,2 Rutland county was circumscribed to its present limits by the erection of the territory to the north of it into a new county, which was named in honor of Joseph Addison, the English author — the territory of which we write. As thus constituted, the county included within its limits all of the present counties of Chittenden, Franklin, Grand Isle and Lamoille, and nine of Orleans and eight of Washington county's towns, while the town of Kingston (now Granville), not included in the original boundaries, was set off from Orange county to Addison by an act passed October 19, 1787. On the 22d of Octo ber, 1787, the act incorporating the county of Chittenden was passed, circum- 1 See act of New York Legislature, October i, 1691, in which the boundaries of Albany county are described as follows : "The manor of Rensellaerwick, Schenectady, and all the villages and neighbor hoods and Christian plantations on the east side of the Hudson River, as far as Roeloffe Jansen's Creek; and on the west side from Sawyer's Creek to the uttermost end of Saraghtoga," Roeloffe Janseri's Creek empties into the Hudson from the east nearly opposite Kaatskill. 2 Dr. Williams and Prof. Thompson, in their respective histories of Vermont, gave the date of the incorporation of Addison county as February 27, 1787, and of Chittenden county (Thompson) October 22, 1782. These errors have been perpetuated in many local works. Ofthe error in the case of Addi son county, Hon. David Read speaks as follows: "They took the revised act of 1787 as the original act of incorporation. As well might they have given the same date to the counties of Bennington, Windham, Windsor, Orange and Rutland. As to Addison, the error which originated with Dr. Will iams doubtless arose from the fact that the act of 1785 did not come to his notice; and he mistook the act of 1787 as the first act incorporating Addison county, whereas it simply modified and defined the boundaries more clearly, and reorganized the counties already formed. Mr. Thompson assumed the data of Mr. Williams as correct, and did not discover the mistake until after the publication of his work. The act of 1787 is drawn up without any express reference to pre-existing counties, and purports to divide the State into six counties, three upon the east and three upon the west side of the mountains ¦ whereas all of said counties had been previously chartered," — Hist. Gaz., I, 464, 465. The Subject. 15 scribing Addison county to the limits of its present northern bounds, except the township of Starksboro, which was annexed by an act passed in 1797. No other changes in its area have been made, except that the town of Warren was set off to Washington county in 1829, and November 13, 1847, the Rutland county town of Orwell was annexed to Addison county. The county^ thus occupies a position on the western line of the State, be tween 40° 50' and 44° 10' north latitude, and between 3° 38' and 4° 18' east longitude, and is bounded west by Lake Champlain ; north by the towns of Charlotte, Hinesburg and a part of Huntington, in Chittenden ; northeast by a part of Huntington, and by Warren and Roxbury, in Washington county ; southeast by Braintree, in Orange county, and Rochester in Windsor county ; and south by Benson, Sudbury, Brandon and Chittenden, in Rutland county. It is nearly thirty miles long from north to south, and thirty-three miles wide from west to east, and contains an area of about seven hundred square miles, divided into the following townships : Addison, Bridport, Bristol, Cornwall, Ferrisburgh, Goshen, Granville, Hancock, Lincoln, Leicester, Middlebury, Monkton, New Haven, Orwell, Panton, Ripton, Salisbury, Shoreham, Starks boro, Weybridge, Whiting and Waltham, exclusive of the territory occupied by Vergennes, the only incorporated city in Vermont. The population at the census of 1880 was 24,180. It was at the dawn of a bright era in our history that Addison county be gan her corporate existence. It was at a time when the people were begin ning to look forward with hope from the dark days of the Revolution ; when the joys of peace and freedom were just settling upon their hearths, and trade, finance and agriculture were emerging from the chaos formed by a long and bloody war. The act of incorporation provided everything in its power for the immediate establishment of the machinery of civil government, the towns of Addison and Colchester being made half-shires, and the time for holding courts appointed as follows : " At Addison, the first Tuesday of March, and at Colchester the second Tuesday of November, and that of the Supreme, Court on the second Tuesday of August, alternately at Addison and Colchester." The first term of court was held at Addison, on the first Tuesday in March, 1786, with John Strong, of Addison, chief judge, and Gamaliel Painter, of Middlebury, and Ira Allen, of Colchester, side or assistant judges. Court con tinued to be held there, with the exception of the November term of 1786, which was held at Colchester, till the first of April, 1 792, when it was trans ferred to Middlebury, where all of its sessions have since been held. Such is a brief reference to the subject of this history — a locality forming no small factor in the grand total of agricultural wealth, of the energy and en terprise of the commonwealth of Vermont. i6 History of Addison County. CHAPTER II. NATURAL CHAEAOTERISTIOS. Topography — Mountains of the Coimty — Their Striking Peculiarities — Lakes and Streams — Lake Champlain — Its Historical Associations — Ticonderoga and Crown Point — Chimney Point — Mount Independence — Lake Dunmore — Other Lakes and Ponds — Otter Creek — Diary of James Coss — The Lemon Fair River — Leicester River — Middlebury River — New Haven River • — Geology — Resume of the Science — The Glacial Period and its Results — Clay Deposits of the County — FossUs — Formation of Terraces — Rocks of the County — The Marble Deposit — Other Rock Formations — Minerals of the County — SoU and Timber. THE face of the county is generally uneven, though not to such an extent as would be naturally supposable in a territory traversed by two moun tain chains. The eastern portion lies upon the Green Mountains, that range which is the most striking feature in the scenery of Vermont, and from which the State derives its name.' The principal peaks of the county in this range, though few attain an altitude of much over 2,000 feet, are Lincoln Mountain, in Lincoln ; Hogback and South Mountain, mainly in Bristol ; Bread Loaf, in Ripton ; and Mount Moosalamo, in Goshen. They are not generally precipi tous, and are mostly covered with timber to their summits. From this high land the county has a general slope to the lake front, though it is broken into a succession of fertile valleys, and into elevations of a peculiar formation, none of which properly attains the dignity of a mountain. These latter are the foot hills of the fourth of the State's mountain systems, the Red Sand Rock Range, which extends through Addison, Chittenden and Franklin counties. The pe culiarity in the formation of this range and its surroundings invites scientific speculation. They have a character decidedly unique, the peculiarities being a gradual slope upon the eastern side and a bold and rugged escarpment upon the west ern. The rock of the series is usually a limestone, or calcareous slate, dipping to the east, capped with a siliceous rock known as the " Red Sand Rock." Snake Mountain in Addison, and Buck Mountain in Waltham, are the most elevated peaks of the division, though Florona in Monkton, Shell House Moun tain and Mars Hill in Ferrisburgh, are prominent elevations. A person stand ing upon Snake Mountain and looking to the north can count ten uplifts, each of which presents essentially the same outline ^s the one upon which he stands. While viewing this scene, the contemplative mind at once is led to reflect upon the agencies which have been at work to produce a series of hills so uniform in their structure and so similar in their outline. From many peaks among either of the mountain ranges we have described grand and extensive views of the surrounding country may be obtained. It is 1 Vert monts — Green Mountains. Natural Characteristics. 17 from some one of the points of observation thus presented, also, that the scenic beauty of Addison county is best impressed upon the senses. Its mountains, clothed in their native forests of green ; its gentle swells and steep declivities ; its hills, with their browsing herds and flocks, or highly cultivated sides ; its level intervales and fertile valleys ; its network of brooks and streams and the blue waters of the Champlain beyond, with over all the generous life of cottage, church and hall, unite in forming a picture of which the eye never tires. Lakes and Streams. — Lake Champlain is the first, and, in fact, the only body of water of importance to be mentioned under this head, if we except Lake Dunmore, lying in Salisbury and Leicester. Still only a small portion of Champlain belongs to the county, viz : "All that part lying east of the center of its deepest channel, and between the northern line of Ferrisburgh and the southern line of Orwell." But its waters and their environs that lie opposite the county have been the scene of many stirring historic events. From the southern line of the county to the celebrated site of old Fort Ticonderoga, the lake averages about a mile in width, its greatest width being two miles, and its narrowest point, about a mile south of Mount Independence, which lies in the northern part of Orwell, is but about forty rods ; while between Mount Inde pendence and Ticonderoga, which are separated by a distance of two miles, the lake is only eighty rods wide. From Ticonderoga to Crown Point, a distance of from twelve to fourteen miles, the width continues from one to two miles ; but at that point it abruptly widens, and from there to the northern line of the county averages about three and a half miles. The fortress of Ticonderoga, on the New York side, is now a heap of ruins. It was built by the French in 1 7 5 6, on a point of land formed by the j unction of Lake George Creek with Lake Champlain, and opposite the northwest corner of Orwell. It is a place of great strength, both by nature and by art. On three sides it was surrounded by water, and about half the other was occupied by a deep swamp, while the line was completed by the erection of a breastwork nine feet high on the only assail able ground. In 1758 General Abercrombie, with a British army, was de feated in an attempt upon this fortress with a loss of 1,941 men; but it was the next year surrendered to General Amherst. It was surprised by Colonel Ethan Allen, May 10, 1775, at the commencement ofthe Revolution, and was retained by the American army until 1777) when it was evacuated on the ap proach of Burgoyne. The interesting ruins of the Crown Point fortress lie opposite the southern part of the town of Addison. The original fortress was built by the French, in 1 73 1, upon a point of land between West Bay and the lake, and was called Fort St. Frederic. In 1759 it was surrendered to the British troops under Gen eral Amherst, and England built another fortress, the predecessor of the present ruins, near its site at a cost of $10,000,000. This was held by the British until May 10, 177s, though sadly dismantled by an accidental fire two years previ- History of Addison County. ous, when it was taken by Colonel Seth Warner, on the same day that Ticon deroga surrendered to Allen. It again fell into the hands of the British in 1 776, who kept possession of it till after the capture of Burgoyne in 1777, It was neariy a regular pentagon, the longest curtain being ninety, and the shortest about seventy-five yards in length. The ramparts, about twenty-five feet in thickness, were revetted with masonry throughout. The ditch was blasted out of the solid rock. There were two demilunes and some small detached outworks. An arched passage led to the lake, and a well about ninety feet in depth was sunk in one of the bastions. The whole peninsula being of solid rock, covered with a thin layer of earth, the works could not be assailed by regular approaches, and both in construction and position the fortress was among the strongest in North America. It is now quite dilapidated, but its form and dimensions are still easily traced and measured. A small fortress or outpost was built on Chimney Point, in the town of Ad dison, by Jacobus d'Narm, with a party from Albany, N. Y., as early as 1690, It was short-lived, however, though it was taken up by the French and a small fort and windmill built by them in 1730, the year previous to their building the fortress on Crown Point, just opposite. Mount Independence rises about 160 feet from the lake shore in the north western part of Orwell. It is often visited on account of its historic associa tions. Its commanding position early led the commander of Ticonderoga to plant a battery upon its summit. Subsequently a garrison was established here, a stockade fort built, with fortifications and a stone fort, connecting by a floating bridge with the fortifications opposite at Ticonderoga. After the cap ture of Ticonderoga by Allen in 1775, it became the headquarters of the Army ofthe North. At two o'clock on the morning of July 6, 1777, at the evacua tion of Ticonderoga, the mountain sides were illuminated by the blaze of a French officer's house, to which he had imprudently set fire, disclosing to Bur goyne the retreat of the Americans and causing an immediate pursuit and the subsequent battle of Hubbardton, in Rutland county. The mount was again the scene of active operations on the 17th of the following October, when the old fort was again captured by the Americans. A terrible scourge of camp fever visited the garrison in 1776, and traces of the graves of many of its vic tims are still to be seen. The fioating bridge built across the lake was twelve feet wide and more than a thousand feet long. It had twenty-two sunken piers to give it strength and durability, remains of which are still occasionally found at low water. Lake Dunmore lies in the southern part of the county, in the towns of Salis bury and Leicester. It covers an area of about 1,400 acres, its extreme length being about five miles, its greatest width a little more than a mile, and its aver age depth about sixty feet. It is noted for its romantic loveliness. Its waters limpid and pure as crystal, lie at the base of towering hills, which present a Natural Characteristics. 19 rough contour, peculiar to hills composed of the unyielding quartz rock, Moosalamo is the highest of the surrounding peaks, though Rattlesnake Point, which more immediately overlooks the lake, is not less interesting and affords some commanding views. The former has a height of 1,959 feet, and the lat ter of 1,3 19 feet. On the slope of the former is " Warner's Cave," a place ren dered celebrated by the imagination of Thompson, in his Gree-n Mountain Boys. The name of the lake is derived from John Murray, Earl of Dunmore, who was made governor of the colony of New York in 1770. He was a needy Scottish peer, passionate and unscrupulous in rapacity, who had come to this country to amass a fortune. During his administration he adopted dishonest measures to grant to himself large areas of land, among which was a tract of some twelve or thirteen miles in length from north to south, by six or seven in width, lying principally on the east side of Otter Creek, in the townships of Leicester, Salis bury and Middlebury, and including the lake which bears his name. The earl fell into disrepute for his unlawful practices, however, and he ended his achieve ments by the burning of Norfolk, Va., under cover of zeal for the British cause, whence he retired with his plunder to St. Augustine, Fla. He is said to have died in England in 1 809. Large hotels have beeri^uilt upon the shores of the lake, and many people from a distance spend their summers here. Silver Lake is the name given to a little lakelet just east of Lake Dunmore. Its name is suggested by the silver- white sand which covers its bottom and the clearness of its waters, which cover an area about a mile in diameter. It lies at an altitude of 1,400 feet above tide water and 1,000 feet above Lake Dunmore. Little Pond, another handsome sheet of water of about the same area as Silver Lake, lies just south of Lake Dunmore. Mud Pond is a small and unimportant body of water lying west of Lake Dunmore. Dutton Pond is a small body of water located in school district No. 4, in the town of Goshen. Mount Vernon Pond, about half a mile in diameter, is located in the west ern part of Hancock. It is somewhat noted as a curiosity from the fact of its lying at the top of a mountain and accessible only by steps. Smith's Pond and Mud Pond are two small bodies of water in the southern part of Orwell. Sunset Pond, a larger body, extends just over the line into this town from Rutland county. Bristol Pond, about a mile and a half in length by three-quarters of a mile in width, lies at the foot of Hogback Mountain, in the northern part of Bristol. It has a muddy bottom and is surrounded by extensive marshes. Its waters were well stocked with pickerel in 1824. Gilmore Pond, in the southern part of Bristol, covers an area of ten or twelve acres. It has a muddy bottom and is quite shallow. 20 History of Addison County. Monkton Pond, in the northern part of Monkton, is about a mile in length by a half mile in width. There are also several other small ponds scattered over the surface of the county, which are described in connection with the his tory of the towns wherein they are respectively located. Otter Creek forms the river system and receives neariy the entire drainage of the county. It is the longest stream in the State, extending ninety-one miles and watering nine hundred square miles of territory. It originates in Mount Tabor, Peru and Dorset, within a few rods of the head of the Batten- kill, and it is a curious fact that these two rivers which rise within a few rods of each other are of about equal length — the Battenkill flowing south to the Hudson River and the Otter Creek north into Lake Champlain. The latter was named by the French La Riviere aux Loutres, the River of Otters, long before any English settlements were made in the State. It was, from the ear hest time of which we have any knowledge, used as a pathway of travel by the Indians. Several years after the establishment of a trading post at Charles town, N. H., in 1727, the government of Massachusetts, in order to obtain the exact road pursued by the northern Indians in traveling thereto, secured from a certain IJames Coss the diary he kept of a journey from Fort Dummer to Lake Champlain, performed in the year 1730, which gives the first authentic knowledge we have of the stream. This journal reads as follows : Monday, ye 27th April, 1730, at about twelve of ye clock we left Fort Dummer, and travailed that day three miles, and lay down that night by West River, which is three miles distant from Fort Dummer. Notabene, — 1 travailed with twelve Canady Mohawks that drank to great excess at ye fort and killed a Skatacook Indian in their drunken condition, that came to smoke with them. Tuesday. —We travaUed upon the great river [Connecticut] about ten miles. Wednesday. — We kept ye same course upon ye great river, travailed about ten miles, and eat a drowned buck that night. Thursday. — We travailed upon ye great river within two mUes of ye great falls [Bellows FaUs] in said river, then went upon land to ye Black River above ye great falls, went up that river and lodged about a mUe and a half from the mouth of Black River, which days's travaU we judged about ten miles. Fryday. — We cross the Black River at ye falls [Springfield vUlage] afterwards travaU through ye woods N. N. W. Then cross Black River again about seventeen miles above our first crossing, afterwards travailed ye same course, and pitched our tent on ye homeward side of Black River. Saturday. — We crossed Black River, left a great mountain on ye right hand and another on ye left [in Ludlow]. Keep a N. W. course till we pitch our tent after eleven mUes travaU by a brook which we called a branch of Black River. Sabbath Day,— Soon after we began our day's work an old pregnant squaw that travailed with us, stopt alone and was delivered of a child, and by Monday noon overtook us with a liv ing child upon her back. We travailed to Black River. At ye three islands, between which and a large pond we past ye river, enter a mountain [in Plymouth], that afforded us a prospect of ye place of Fort Dummer, soon after we entered a descending country, and travaU tiU we arrive at Arthur Creek [Otter Creek] in a descending land. In this day's travaU, which is twenty-one mUes, we came upon seven brooks which run in S. W. course at ye north end of said mountain. From Black River to Arthur Creek we judge is twenty-five miles. Natural Characteristics. 21 Monday. — Made canoes. Tuesday. — Hindered travaUing by rain. Wednesday. — We go by canoes upon Arthur Creek, tiU we meet two great falls in said river [in Rutland]. Said river is very black and deep and surrounded with good land to the extremity of our prospect. This day's travail thirty-five miles. Thursday. — We sail forty miles in Arthur Creek. We meet with great falls [Middlebury FaUs], and a little above them we meet with two other great falls [at Weybridge], and about ten miles below ye said faUs we meet two other pretty large faUs [at Vergennes]. We carried our canoes by these falls and came to ye lake. The stream enters at about the center of the county's southern boundary line, in the town of Leicester, and flows in a serpentine course to its northwestern corner, where it drops into the lake in the town of Ferrisburgh. From the county line to Middlebury it flows through a beautiful level valley about two miles in width ; but here the meadow begins to narrow, and this condition con tinues to Vergennes, where it is interrupted by a bed of rocks, after which it continues uninterruptedly to the lake. At Middlebury the stream forms a fine water-fall, affording one of the best mill privileges in the State. Two miles north of the village are Belden's Falls, where the creek has worn deep gorges through the limestone, and makes fearful plunges over the rocky barrier which impedes its course. This, with the picturesque surroundings, makes the local ity well worth the trouble of a visit to him who admires wild and beautiful scenery. At Weybridge and Vergennes occur other falls in the stream, afford ing excellent and extensive water power. From Vergennes to the lake, a dis tance of about eight miles, the creek is navigable. From the west it receives Lemon Fair River and Dead Creek ; and from the east, Leicester, Middlebury and New Haven Rivers. Lemon Fair River has its source from small streams in Whiting and Orwell. It flows thence through the eastern part of Shoreham, southeastern part of Brid port, and northwestern part of Cornwall into Weybridge, where it drops into Otter Creek. Tradition asserts that its name was derived from the following circumstance : As some of the early settlers were coming into this part of the county they arrived at this stream, when an old woman among them exclaimed, because of the difficulty in crossing, " It is a lamentable affair ;" which excla mation, contracted into Lemon Fair, became ever afterwards the name of the stream. There are some mill privileges afforded near the head of this river, though it is in general a very muddy, sluggish stream. It receives from the west Little Fair and Birchard Creeks, and from the east Beaver Brook in Corn wall and Beaver Brook in Shoreham. Dead Creek is formed from streams known as East and West Branches, having their sources in Bridport, and Middle Branch, which rises in Addison. These branches unite near the center of Addison, whence their united waters flow north through Panton into Ferrisburgh, where they join Otter Creek. It is, as its name suggests, a sluggish stream, and is lined throughout nearly its entire course with extensive marshes. It has no mill sites. 22 History of Addison County. Leicester River is the outlet of Lake Dunmore, in Salisbury. It flows a southwesteriy course through Salisbury village into Leicester, where it unites with Otter Creek. It is a low stream, lined with marshes, and is only about six miles in length. . Middlebury River has its source from a number of small streams in Han cock and Ripton, whence it flows east through the southern part of Middlebury, except for a sharp detour into Salisbury, dropping into Otter Creek in the southeastern part of the township. It is a bright, sparkling stream, about four teen miles in length, and affords some excellent mill privileges. New Haven River has its source in a network of streams and brooks in Lincoln and Starksboro. It flows across Bristol into New Haven, uniting with Otter Creek in the southern part of that town. It is a dashing stream and affords a number of valuable mill sites, though the number of mountain streams which unite to form it render it subject to sudden and severe freshets. The most severe it ever experienced occurred in 1830, when a number of lives and many thousand dollars' worth of property were lost, an account of which is given in the chapter devoted to the history of New Haven. Little Otter Creek has its source in Monkton and New Haven and flows a northwesteriy course into Lake Champlain, its mouth being about three miles north of that of Otter Creek. In the latter part of its course the stream is wide and sluggish and flows through a tract of low, marshy ground. It affords few mill privileges. Lewis Creek has its source in the northern part of Bristol, flows north through the western part of Starksboro and eastern part of Monkton, where it enters Chittenden county, to reappear in the northeastern part of Ferrisburgh, across which town it flows to the lake, which it enters a short distance north of Little Otter Creek. The mill privileges of this stream are numerous, and many of them excellent. There are several short streams in the western part of the county which empty into the lake, and in other parts there are minor streams which do not require detailed notice, and which will be described in the histories of the sev eral towns. The streams we have mentioned are the only important ones in the county. Geology.^ — Few localities are as rich in specimens illustrative of the theo ries advanced by the science of geology as Addison county. Here the " foot prints of the Creator " are clearly defined, and the " testimony of the rocks " reveals a wonderful story. Like all other counties of the State, its rocks are 1 The greater portion of these pages devoted to the geology of the county are made up of a con densation from the Vermont State Geological Reports, published a number of years ago. It is now known that some of the theories and conclusions in those reports are erroneous. To a limited extent these errors are here corrected, or the erroneous portions omitted. The fact is, tbe geology of Addison county is now being ardently studied by competent persons, particularly Prof. Henry M. Seely, and Prof. Ezra Brainerd, of Middlebury, and ere many years a comprehensive and correct treatise will, doubtless, be published, embodying the results of their unselfish labors. Natural Characteristics. 23 •disposed in parellel ranges, north and south, of varying width and extent ; but here these ranges, no less than fifteen in number, are clearly defined, closely <:ut, and afford valuable subjects of study to the student, or to him interested in inquiries into the formation of the earth's great frame-work. In speculative geology, also, the student has here an ample field. But no doubt there are many into whose hands these pages may come, who have, through want of inclination or opportunity, failed to acquire a knowledge of the science of geol ogy. For the benefit of such, we supplement our remarks on the geology of the county with a brief resume of the fundamental principles of the science in general. Among men of science it has become the common, if not the prevailing, opinion, that in the beginning all the elements with which we meet were in an •ethereal or gaseous state — that they slowly condensed, existing for ages as a heated fluid, by degrees becoming more consistent — that thus the whole earth was once an immence ball of fiery matter; that, in the course of time, it was rendered very compact and at last became crusted over, as the process of cool ing gradually advanced, and that its interior is still in a molten condition. Thus, if the view suggested be correct, the entire planet in its earlier phases was, as well as the larger part now beneath and within its solid crust, a mass •of molten fire. At the time of the early crusting over there must have been in what was then the atmosphere many substances which were volatile from the high temperature. As the globe cooled these would fall upon the now stiffened crust. Among these would have been chloride of sodium, or common salt. When the crust had cooled below the boiling point of water, the con densed water would form a salt sea, entirely covering the fire-made rocks. This would certainly be the case unless, as it was probable, this crust in cooling had been thrown into great folds. The highest of these folds appearing here and there above the waters of the primitive ocean would form the original moun tains of the globe. The warm waters with their dissolved contents must have had great chem ical action upon these first crystalline rocks, dissolving out portions and in many ways eroding them. Great as may have been this chemical action, there was early in existence another force, that of the mechanical action of the water ¦operating upon and changing the first-made rocks. Ever since there have been waters upon the globe these waters have been wearing away the cliffs and banks that border them. The early rocks have been ground down, worked over, and then deposited at lower levels. These earthy materials have only to be con solidated by such forces as heat, pressure, chemical action, and the like to become solid rock again. Most of these water-made rocks are deposited in parallel beds, or strata, and are known as stratified rock. These stratified rocks are nearly the only ones accessible to study, and geologists are especially in terested in their condition, composition, arrangement and relative age. 24 History of Addison County. These matters cannot be discussed here at length ; still a few facts ought to be introduced which will help to make the views of geologists plain in regard to the age of rocks. Now, no one attempts to tell the exact age of rocks in years or centuries, but certain considerations will serve to show how their rela tive age may be determined with a good degree of probability. Most animals have some solid parts, and at the death of such as live in the water these parts would become imbedded in the forming strata and actually become a part of the newly-made rock. Also, animals living on the land may have their remains carried by streams to the sea, and so contribute to the rocks. The old rocks have been destroyed and their materials, with the addition of animal remains, have formed the new. The material of limestone rocks is nearly all of animal origin. These rocks, containing the remains of once living beings, have been lifted out of the water and up into hills and mountains. The soil itself is chiefly a portion of these rocks which, by various agencies, have been broken into fragments. There is a vast difference as to the older and newer forms of life as found in the rocks, and geologists believe that by studying these entombed forms they may determine the relative age of the rocks themselves. The stratified rocks — thought to lie upon the original crust, which may be crystalline in structure — have been divided into great ages, which are characterized by the chief types of life which were prevalent at the time they were forming. These ages have been further subdivided, according to the peculiarities of the rocks themselves. These great ages in the ascending order are here named : I. Archcean Age. — The old age, the rocks of which lie directly upon. the crystalline below, and in them the evidences of life are but faint. They are mostly crystalline in structure, and often contain excellent iron ore. Split Rock Mountain and the Adirondacks are examples. 2. Age of Invertebrates, or Silurian Age. — The waters of the ocean as it then existed contained plant and animal life of low forms. Chief among the latter were sponges, corals, and animals covered with shells. 3. Age of Fishes, or Devonian Age. — In addition to the life of the preceding^ age fishes, some of strange forms, abounded. 4. Age of Coal Plants, or Carboniferous Age. — Vast quantities of plants grew in swamps in this age, and these when buried and compressed became coal. The highest forms of animal life were frog-like in structure. 5. Age of Reptiles, or Reptilian Age. — Reptiles of strange forms and great size inhabited now the water, the earth and the air. 6. Age of Mammals, or Mammalian Age. — Water and land mammals of vast bulk and numbers existed in this age. 7. Age of Man, or Recent Age. — This is an age for which all the former ages were preparatory, fitting the world for man. Of the rocks included in Natural Characteristics. 25 the above ages, only a part exists in any one country ; for some had been lifted out of the sea while others were still forming. The rocks of the Champlain Valley belong chiefly to those laid down in the early part ofthe Silurian Age, which is properly denominated the Lower Silurian. The Lower Silurian rocks, numbering from below upwards, maybe called: i, Potsdam; 2, Calciferous; 3, Chazy; 4, Black River; 5, Trenton; 6, Utica. The second division, Calciferous, is named for the character ' of the rock, while the others take their names from localities in New York, where the rocks were early studied. These divisions may be briefly characterized here preparatory to a more extended mention hereafter. The rocks of the Potsdam division are chiefly sandstones. Snake Mountain and the range of hills north and south ; the rocks of Monkton, etc., and the loose red stones called bowlders, found in many of the fields of this county, are examples of Potsdam rocks. The rocks of the Calciferous are made up both of lime and quartz, and are found in many places in the county. Mount Independence, in Orwell, is a conspicuous example. The rocks of the Chazy are largely pure limestones, and in them are situ ated the most valuable quarries. These rocks are especially noticeable in Fer risburgh and Cornwall. The Black River rocks are mostly a dark limestone. This has been quar ried as a black marble. Breaking, as it does, often with natural joints, it gives a plain face, which needs no dressing, and is used in building. Larrabee's Point, Panton, Ferrisburgh, Bay Island, furnish such stone. The Trenton rocks are chiefly slaty limestones and are often used as a rough flagging stone, as well as for building purposes. The hill west of Middlebury village furnishes an example of the stone. The Utica rock is a slate. In Rutland county it is quarried as a roofing slate, but neither in Cornwall nor in Weybridge, nor in the towns along the lake shore, is the texture of the rock suitable for this purpose. The black glaz ing which it often has, not unfrequently has led to the false hope of finding coal among the strata. Some sandstone and sandy limestone may have, at some time, overlaid the rocks of our valley. Observing persons will have noticed at least three facts connected with the rocks of the county : first, they are not usually in their original horizontal po sition ; second, that when newly uncovered the surface rock is found plowed down and polished ; third, that in most cases they are covered with a coating of clay, above which is the soil. To account for the first named fact and the attendant phenomena, it is sug gested that, after the Lower Silurian rocks were laid down, there came an era of great disturbance among the rocks all along this part of the county, and 26 History of Addison County, thousands of square miles of horizontal rocks, before in the ocean, were folded,. or broken, and shoved up upon each other. It seems as though some force, as- a thrust from the east, had done this work. The shove was accompanied with heat — that from friction or from the center of the earth, or from both. The rocks most heated became, not melted, but plastic, and, yielding to the force, were thrown into folds mountain high, and what is left of them we know as the Green Mountains. Other rocks not so highly heated, and therefore not so yielding, were a good deal crumpled, and in many cases broken and shoved upon each other, like cakes of ice crowded over each other upon a shore. The dip or inclination is towards the east, while the abrupt break is in the other direction. The softened folded rocks were so metamorphized that their original con dition cannot be well made out. They have become mostly crystalline in texture, and the fossil forms have disappeared from them. The heat also in fluenced the adjacent rocks, metarmorphizing them, obliterating partly or com pletely the fossils, changing the color and texture, as may be observed in the conversion of fossiliferous-colored fragmental limestone into white crystalline marble. Going west from the mountain to the lake the metamorphism becomes less noticeable and the fossils plainer. But breaks and foldings of the rock still occur. Many steep western slopes are passed, each indicating usually a break and an uplift in the strata. The most remarkable one is seen in the Snake Mountain Range, where a great uplift has occurred ; where even the Potsdam sandstone has been thrust up and over previously incumbent rocks. This break is a portion of a great series of faults which run southward from Que bec, Canada, through Western Vermont and Eastern New York. At the foot of the precipice of Snake Mountain the other Lower Silurian rocks are found in their descending order, Utica slate, Trenton, Black River, Chazy, with their fossils, and a little farther away the Calciferous. The rocks uplifted from the ocean stood out of the water with atmospheric and other agencies operating upon them through uncounted time, while the ocean was still forming the upper rocks of the geologic series. Nearer the time man was to come upon the earth, and near the close of the age called Mammalian, another great change came, as is indicated by the grooved and polished surface of the rocks. The effects are just such as are now seen in Alpine and arctic regions where glaciers are at work. Like effect suggests like cause, and the phenomena are best explained on the theory that a great glacier passed over this whole northern country, going south beyond the border of New York. It is difficult to conceive how a great ice overflow could have been pro duced and how it could have moved over the land. But the suggestion of a time of intense cold, associated with an uplift of the land in northern regions Natural Characteristics. 27 will help to make the theory one that can be accepted. No person can con ceive what force other than moving ice could have done such tremendous work, breaking the cliffs, planing the rocks, pulverizing the stones, and dis tributing the debris, coarse and fine, over the land. This time of rock-grinding and soil-making, this long winter, apparently came to an end by the return of warmer seasons, and especially by a sinking of the land. The ice melted and the lower lands were flooded. Lake Cham plain at this overflow was probably vastly larger than now, its eastern border being the foot of the mountain, while, as indicated by the fossil whale, its northern part connected with the St. Lawrence, and so with the ocean. The muddy waters of this great lake deposited their sediment as clay over the bottom. At length a gradual uprise brought the rocks with their covering of clay to the present level of the land. Then vegetation slowly came back and covered the land. This at its decay mingled with the material from ice and lake and formed the soil. Then the frosts and storms, the air and streams, must have acted as they are acting now, sculpturing the hills and shaping the face of the land, and finally giving to Addison county the geologic features it bears to-day. Some of the facts here glanced at will now be treated at length. Beaches or Terraces. — A gradual rise of the continent would show beaches of then existing waters, at lower levels, while over the lower hills icebergs would still be grating and scouring. By this time we suppose the land to have risen so much that the great valleys are seen in outline ; but small tributaries would bring their deposits of gravel and sand into these larger valleys, driving them from the drift and beaches, greatly modifying their character, and consti tuting the higher terraces. As the continent continued to rise, the -lower ter races would be formed from the ruins of drift, beaches and older terraces. But in consequence of the equable rise, the terraces are found at various levels — not even being of the same height on both sides of the same valley — and the lower ones exceedingly variable in number. The action of tributaries upon the great terraces of the large streams would form numerous small terraces from them, in many localities from six to ten or more in number. In other words, the general drainage of the continent has produced all the multiplied and various phenomena of surface geology, mostly from the materials broken off from the ledges by icebergs, glaciers, etc. In the towns of Ripton and Hancock, near the road which crosses the mountains to Rochester, are finely marked glacial stris and moraines. The moraine in front of the glacier often fills the valley to the height of one hun dred or two hundred feet, and the lateral moraines are scattered along the sides of the valley. Good examples of striation are found in many different local ities in Middlebury, in Whiting, at Chimney Point, foot of Snake Mountain, and other parts of Addison, about a mile south of Frost's Landing in Bridport, 28 History of Addison County. in Weybridge, in many localities in New Haven, especially near a school-house on the west line of the town, in Monkton, in Waltham near Vergennes, and in a valley of Vergennes, which is twenty feet wide and twenty-five feet deep. The strise we have mentioned differ in size from the finest scratch visible up to a furrow a foot deep. The largest occurs in Whiting, a few miles south of Middlebury, on the west side of the main road. This furrow is several feet in length. Clay Deposits. — Leaving these beach, glacial and drift markings, we will turn to the clay deposits of the county, which afford indubitable evidence that they once formed the bed of an ocean — indeed, were deposited by the ocean itself This celebrated deposit, known as the Champlain clays, is a part of a great deposit covering nearly the whole of Champlain valley. It consists usually of alternate layers or strata of brown clay, fine sand, loose gravel and blue clay. That the deposit is sedimentary is beyond controversy ; while the extensive prevalence of marine shells and fossils proves that the sediment could only have been deposited by the ocean. In Addison county these clays cover nearly all of the territory west of the Green Mountains. The lowest division, or blue clay, contains only shells that inhabit deep water, while the upper division, or the brown clay and the sands, contain littoral shells, etc., showing that the deposits were made under quite different circumstances — the one in deep and the other in shallow water. The first, the blue clay, is usually found in the lowest grounds near the lake. Sometimes its texture is very fine, and it forms then excellent material for the manufacture of bricks. Its fossils are Leda Portlandica and Lucina flexuosa. A peculiar formation occurs in a large deposit of this clay in Cornwall and Shoreham, on the Lemon Fair River, where blue clay is overlaid with muck, which is succeeded by blue clay and then by another deposit of muck. Some of the blue clay contains a consider able percentage of carbonate of lime, and is admirably adapted for a heavy dressing for light soil. The upper portion, or the brown clay, is not so constant in its lithological character as the lower, as silt, sand and gravel are found associated with it, or take its place entirely. A specimen taken from Middlebury has been analyzed, giving the following result : SUica 49.70 Alumina 31.20 Peroxide of Iron, with traces of Manganese 6.60 Carbonate of Lime _ , xy Carbonate of Magnesia 2-^0 Water g«, 100.00 This clay is extensively distributed through the county, nearly the whole of its area to an altitude of 300 feet above Lake Champlain being covered with it. It lies directly upon the drift, over blue clay, on the lower Silurian Natural Characteristics. 29 rocks. Its fossils are Beluga Vermontana, the fossil Grampus, a few remains of seals and fishes, several shells such as Sanguinolaria fusca, Saxicava rugosa, Mya arenaria, and Mytilus edulis, and sponge. The following list gives the localities, and heights above the present level of the ocean, where these marine fossils have been found in the county : Feet. Chipman's miU, Middlebury 793 Eddy of Otter Creek, Middlebury vUlage 323 The Prof. Adams house, in Middlebury 393 HiU west of Middlebury College 470 The next vaUey west, near the line of Middlebury and Cornwall 356 VaUey half a mile west of Middlebury vUlage, Cornwall 359 Hill one mile further west, CornwaU 453 A vaUey in the east part of Bridport, a little west of the CornwaU line 159 HUl next west, near the geographical center of Bridport 343 Hill northwest of Bridport viUage 338 Lemon Fair River, near the Cornwall line, Bridport 168 HUl in the southwest part of CornwaU, near the Four Corners 433 Hill near Shoreham viUage ". 403 "Oven," Monkton 756 Vergennes ¦ 225 HiU east of Middlebury 434 Addison Center 445 Elgin Spring, Panton 320 West side of Buck Mountain, Waltham 383 It is owing to these clay deposits, also, that the streams of the county have such a serpentine channel, for it is a fact that all sluggish streams passing through fine materials are characterized by meandering course. The fine meadows and beautiful natural terraces on many of these streams cannot fail to attract the observer's admiring glance. There are two terraces upon Leicester River, the outlet of Lake Dunmore, reaching as far as the village of Salisbury. The meadow of Otter Creek, which has been spoken of on a previous page, is wider at the mouth of this stream than at any other place in the creek's course, and much of it on the west side is almost worthless from its marshy condition. An unusually wide meadow runs up Leicester River from the creek, but is soon narrowed. Two pretty ter races, also, pass up Middlebury River to the east part of the town ; and at the village of East Middlebury the meadow becomes an extensive plain. Above the second terrace on the west side, the clays rise gradually until they reach the top of a low hill east of Middlebury court-house. The north branch of New Haven River rises in the southern part of Starksboro, and unites with the south branch from Lincoln in the east part of Bristol. Upon so much of the north branch as flows through Bristol there is an immense terrace, besides the meadow, on both sides of the valley. The south branch may have a few ter races upon its banks in Lincoln, but between the village and its union with the north branch the banks are rocky, and the narrow valley is filled with enormous 3 30 History of Addison County. bowlders of quartz rock. The same is the character of New Haven River as far as the village of Bristol. There it has emerged from the mountains, and has deposited its detritus in the form of terraces. The village is situated upon a high, extensive terrace, composed of sand and gravel, underlaid by tertiary de posits. This terrace extends quite a. distance towards Monkton. Half a mile west of the village four terraces show themselves upon the north side of the river in regular succession. Between this point and the mouth of New Haven River there are in general only two terraces. The Lemon Fair, Dead Creek and its tributaries, and Little Otter Creek, have done little else than excavate a passage for their first terraces. In ascending Lewis Creek, until we reach the mills east of the village of North Ferrisburgh, it will be found that the stream is so sluggish as to have only cut a channel for itself through the clays ; but at the mills it has formed four terraces on the north side, and then four upon the south side, for here it emerges from a somewhat rocky bed. In North Starks boro, near the source of the creek, there is a high terrace of great length, suc ceeded southerly by a wide meadow. Rocks. — The rocks of the county, as we have previously stated, are dis posed in parallel ranges extending north and south. Beginning on the west at the lake shore, and passing east, they are as follows : Utica slate, Trenton lime stone, Chazy, Birdseye and Black River limestone, calciferous sandrock, Hud son River slate and Hudson River limestone, red sandrock, eolian limestone, hydromica slate, pliocene tertiary deposit, quartz rock, talcose conglomerate, hydromica schist, and gneiss. In the following description of these several ranges, however, we shall speak of them in the order of their preponderance. The most extensive, as well as the most important range, is that of the cel ebrated eolian limestone or marble?- It extends from the southern line of the county, where it enters from Rutland county, north to Monkton, having an av erage width of about seven miles, and underlying most of the towns of Leices ter, Whiting, Salisbury, Cornwall, Middlebury, Weybridge and New Haven, and the western part of Bristol and eastern parts of Orwell and Shoreham. Strictly speaking, any limestone that may be quarried in large blocks, destitute of fissures and sufficiently compact and uniform in structure to receive a good polish, is marble. But in the limestone of this group, as it extends through the State, there is more variety than in almost any other formation in Vermont; yet the variations are slight in themselves chemically, but considerable so far as external appearances are concerned, producing the numerous shades of varie gated marble, each surpassing the other in beauty. The coloring matters which produce these varieties are usually derived from minute particles of slaty mat ter disseminated through them, and, hence, they never fade or disappear, nor change their position in the slabs after they have been quarried. The occa- iWhat is here called " eolian limestone,'' from the Vermont State reports, is now known to be made up ofthe following formations: (l) calciferous; (2) Chazy; (3) Black River; (4) Trenton. The eolian marble results from the metamorphoses of these rocks, particularly from the Chazy. Natural Characteristics. 31 sional stains which appear upon marble are produced by a small portion of pyrites, giving a dirty, brownish hue, while most of the iron rust stain upon the blocks of marble at the mills is temporarily produced by particles of iron worn from the saws. To speak more in detail of this group : In Leicester the limestone is usually impure, containing both silex and magnesia. The strata are highly inclined to the east at the eastern border of the deposit, or along the western part of Lake Dunmore. Near Whiting railroad station there is a small ridge of hmestone and marble, extending into Leicester. In Whiting, east of the slate, the hme stone is generally slaty, obscure, and is but slightly inclined to the east. In Salisbury the limestone is like that described in Leicester. Half a mile south of the village there is a belt of impure talcose schist. In Middlebury marble is found over an unusually wide area — in the line of strike with that of Whiting station, which is due to the fact that the limestone is quite variable in its posi tion in consequence of the general small inclination of its strata. In the north west part of the town the limestone is dark-colored and contains obscure fossils. In passing north from the village to Belden's Falls, the pedestrian will pass over many interesting marble quarries and beds of limestone, all thoroughly metamorphic. At a quarry near the falls the marble is excellent, but the great number of joints crossing it renders it unfit for use. Otter Creek has worn a gorge through the limestone adjacent, thereby displaying its lithological char acters to good advantage. Other ledges of marble are found in the northern and eastern parts of the town. In New Haven and Bristol the range is divided in the middle by a bed of sandstones and shales, joining the red sandrock in Monkton. In Weybridge the rock is more or less developed, though clay slate is abundant in it in the southern part of the town, and as it is north of similar ledges in Cornwall it may belong to the same range with them. In the south west part of the town the rock is a gray, siliceous, thick-bedded limestone, resembling that at Snake Mountain. There is sparry limestone at Cornwall, and also in the west part of the town. The quarry from which the stone was obtained for the building of Middlebury College is in this town, and obscure fossils are found in it resembling fragments of crinoids, this section being the principal source of the fossils which have been of service in conjecturing the age of the limestone. From Bristol a valley runs north between Hogback Mountain on the east, and the hills of Monkton on the west, along a branch of Lewis Creek. Though very narrow in some places, it is barely possible that the limestone may extend along this valley and connect with the eolian lime stone deposit in Chittenden county. Near the north line of Addison county this deposit appears in several large ledges, or rather ferruginous impure lime stone, probably magnesian. As such it is found for two or three miles upon the east side of the semi-vitreous quartz rock in Starksboro ; and there is an other belt of limestone in the quartz rock in Starksboro and Bristol, parallel to- 32 History of Addison County. the west border of the quartz rock. Part of its course is along the north branch of New Haven River, in Bristol. Marble was quarried to considerable extent in the county as early as 1805- 1808, many years before the famous Rutland quarries were first opened. This industry, as far as it pertains to Addison county, is treated in the subsequent history of the town of Middlebury, and need not be further followed here. In Leicester and Whiting the limestone is extensively used in the manufac ture of lime, the celebrated Whiting lime having a national reputation. In other localities, also, quarries and kilns have been opened, which will be spoken of in connection with the history of the several towns. Chazy Limestone is the name given to a large range of rock underlying a great portion of the towns of Bridport, Addison, Panton and Ferrisburgh, where it crosses under Lake Champlain, having an average width of about five miles. Its name is derived from the village of Chazy, in Clinton county, N. Y., where the formation is finely developed. The general character of the rock is that of a dark-colored, irregular, thick-bedded limestone. It contains many fossils, and is valuable as a building material, and, like all other limestones, as an enricher of the soil. The thickness of the range is estimated at about 300 feet. The Red Sandrock Group extends from the southern part of Shoreham, through the eastern parts of Bridport, Addison, Panton and Ferrisburgh, and western parts of Cornwall, Weybridge and New Haven into Monkton, whence it passes into Chittenden county. From Shoreham to ^Monkton the range is only about a mile and a half in width, but here it suddenly widens, underlying nearly the whole of that township, while a triangular spur runs down to nearly the southeastern part of New Haven. This formation embraces a great variety of rocks, and there is some difficulty experienced in associating them together, because of the general absence of fossils. The first and most extensive variety is a reddish-brown or chocolate- colored sandstone. The grains of sand com posing the rock are often transparent, sometimes mixed with minute fragments of feldspar, while a slight metamorphic action has sometimes rendered the grains nearly invisible, and made the whole rock compact. Some beds pass insensibly into a semi-vitreous sandstone, not distinguishable from the quartz rock at the western base of the Green Mountains. These beds may be seen at Monkton, where it is difficult to draw the line between the red sandrock series and the quartz rock. Upon the east line of the town of Bridport appears a great ledge of rocks, the continuation of the calcareous gray sandstone of Shore ham, which no one can doubt belongs to the red sandrock series, as it possesses the characteristic color and composition of the red sandstone. It is, moreover, the south end of the hill which gradually rises into Snake Mountain in Addi son, the highest summit in the range from Bridport to Buriington. As one stands upon the top of Snake Mountain and views one after another the peaks Natural Characteristics. 33 with their sharp points and steep western mural faces, he sees most distinctly their geological character. Snake Mountain, Buck Mountain, Mars Hill, Shell House Mountain, Mount Fuller, Mount Philo, Glebe Hill, Pease Hill and Mut ton Hill, all belong to one geological sheet. The thickness of the red sandrock range is estimated at about 500 feet. It contains a few fossils and a number of minerals. The Quartz Rock Range enters the county in Leicester and Goshen and extends to the northern part of Starksboro, having a mean width of about three miles, and underlying the eastern parts of Leicester, Salisbury, Middle bury and Monkton, Bristol and the western parts of Starksboro, Ripton and Goshen. The greater part of it is a semi-vitreous or hyalin quartz, remarkably compact, and seemingly a sandstone partially metamorphosed. This variety is traversed by numerous joints, parallel to one another, and generally so near one another as to be mistaken for planes of stratification. The texture is often as fine as that of the pencil slates of Rutland county — one homogeneous mass and it is remarkably compact and enduring. A variety in Monkton decom poses very readily, thereby originating the valuable "glass-sand." A good idea of this quartz rock may be obtained by a visit to the south end of Hog back Mountain, east of Bristol village, which terminates abruptly in a preci pice of rather coarse, very compact quartz rock 400 feet high. Much of the range in the valley between Bristol and Starksboro cannot be distinguished from members of the red sandrock series. A few fossils have been found near Rockville, in brown quartz. The formation gradually tapers to a point, and at its termination in the northern part of Starksboro is enveloped in impure lime stone. The average thickness is estimated at about a thousand feet. Very few minerals are found in this range — it is in reality a mineral by itself The most important found in it is hematite, which occasionally occurs in small veins. Iron pyrites are considerably common in small bright crystals. In the eastern part of Middlebury, high up upon the Green Mountains, some strata have been discovered containing an unusually large amount of crystals of magnetite — suffi ciently numerous to be of considerable value in the vicinity of iron furnaces. The Gneiss Range has an average width of about three miles and underlies the eastern parts of Goshen, Panton and Lincoln, and western part of Hancock. The essential ingredients of gneiss are quartz, feldspar and mica, forming a rock closely resembling granite, differing from it only in having a distinctly stratified, slaty or laminated structure. For this reason it makes a very con venient and handsome building stone, as the sheets or strata can be easily ob tained at the quarries, and can then be split or divided into any required thick ness. The Trento.n Limestone Range varies from a hundred rods to a mile in width. It enters the county in the western part of Orwell and extends along the lake shore to the northern part of Shoreham, where it branches, one branch follow- 34 History of Addison County. ing tlie lake shore through Bridport, Addison and Panton, and the other ex tending through the eastern parts of Bridport, Addison and Ferrisburgh, where it enters Chittenden county ; found also in Cornwall and Middlebury. Al though this rock has four distinct or chief varieties, one can usually learn to distinguish it from all others by its common character of black schistose layers, associated with slaty seams of limestone and occasionally argillaceous matter. There are some varieties, however, that can be assigned to this formation only by their fossils, in which the whole group is peculiarly rich. The thickness of the range is four hundred feet in New York, and is stated by Prof Adams, in his second report, to be of the same thickness in Vermont; but in one of his note-books he suggests that it may be even thicker. Mr. Hagar, however, in his reports says he should think that four hundred feet is rather too great a thickness for it, as it generally appears in Vermont, though he has made no measurements to settle the question. Some varieties of this stone are used for building purposes and for manufacture into lime. The Utica Slate Range is narrow in limits, extending along the lake shore of the towns of Panton and Addison, and also cropping out in a very narrow ledge in the central part of Orwell, gradually widening as it extends north, till in Shoreham it attains a width of nearly a mile and a half; from this point, gradually growing narrower, it extends through the eastern parts of Bridport, Addison and Panton, into Ferrisburgh, where it enters Chittenden county. This formation is a continuation of the calcareous shales of the Hudson River group of rocks downward, until they meet the slaty limestone of the Trenton group, and it is difficult to distinguish between them and the Hudson River group in Vermont, except by their fossils. The range has a thickness of about one hundred feet. The Conglomerate Range commences near Ripton village, and extends north to the county line, gradually widening from the point of commencement until it attains a width of three miles. According to Prof Adams, in his re port of 1845, this rock is called magnesian slate; but later its present name was considered more appropriate, and consequently adopted. The vein is a purely conglomerate species, having associated together in its formation the following varieties of rocks : sandstones, breccias, quartz rock, calcareous rocks, novoculite schist, and coarse conglomerates. The sandstones are few, while the quartz variety is quite abundant. Some of its varieties answer very well for a building stone, though rather soft, while others exhibit a fine, compact magnesian slate, which may easily be sawed into any form desired, and is used as a fire-stone. In many places the slaty laminae are covered with fine talc glazing. In the geological reports of 1861 Prof Hagar says : " We have made no estimate of the thickness of the talcose conglomerates, but know they must be very thick. They must be 2,000 or 3,000 feet at the least calculation. We suppose that this bed of rocks includes the Sillery sandstones of Canada. Natural Characteristics, 35 These are estimated at 4,000 feet in Canada." No fossils have been found in the range. A Hydromica Slate Bed, about a mile in width, extends through Whiting, to a point just north of Cornwall village. It is the terminus of the great range extending through Rutland county, from which such fine varieties of slate are procured for manufacture into mantels, etc. Its thickness is estimated at about 3,000 feet. Calciferous Sandrock is found on the lake shore of Orwell and Shoreham, the eastern parts of Addison and Panton, and western part of Panton, in Corn wall, Weybridge and Middlebury. All of these beds are narrow. The rock forms the transition from pure limestone to pure sandstone, and therefore par takes of the character of each. The belt in Addison and Panton is mostly con cealed by the overlying deposits of Champlain clay, while that lying in the west part of the latter town underlies the Chazy limestone. About a mile south of Chipman's Point, in Orwell, the ledge is eighty feet high, made up of a black, glazed slate, from which calcareous tufa is constantly forming. This range is estimated to be about 400 feet thick. Beds of Saccharoid Azoic Limestone are found in several localities in Whit ing and Granville. These beds are azoic, as they are found in connection with unfossiliferous rocks, and as they are generally white and highly crystalline, re sembling loaf sugar, they are termed saccharoid. In some situations the rock is dark-colored, however, or it may receive various other colors from the min erals disseminated through it. The following is a list of the minerals found in each of the towns of the county ; but as the instances where these deposits have given rise to an indus try of any kind will be noticed in the chapters devoted to the towns wherein they occur, it would be needless repetition to give detailed descriptions at this point : Addison — Iron sand, iron pyrites. Bristol — Rutile, brown hematite, manganese ores, magnetic iron. Goshen — Manganese ores. Granville — Gold, limestone. Hancock — Plumbago, limestone, chlorite. Leicester — Hematite. Monkton — Hematite, pyrolusite, feldspar, wad, shell marl, pipe clay. Middlebury — Dolomite, jasper, tourmaline, epidote, honestone, milky quartz, copper pyrites, marble, calcite, galena, stalactites, alabaster, magnetic iron. Orwell — Gypsum, flint, calcite, calcareous tufa. Panton — Marble, limestone. Ripton — Brown iron ore, augite, octahedral iron. Salisbury — Hematite. 36 History of Addison County. Shoreham — Iron pyrites, black marble, calcite. Starksboro — Brown iron ore. Vergennes — Calcite, quartz, limestone. Weybridge — Asbestus, amianthus, stalactites. Whiting — Limestone, calcite. Soil and Timber. — No county in Vermont equals Addison in the value of its stock products. The soils, although varying materially in their construc tion and composition, are invariably such as are favorable to the growth of grass, and even the rocky hillsides, which would fail to remunerate those who would attempt their cultivation, afford excellent pasturage. The prevailing soil in the eastern part is loam, in the western part clay. But the fine alluvial lands of the valleys and along the several streams render agricultural pursuits of all kinds pleasing and profitable. The territory was originally covered with a dense forest, only a remnant of which is standing. The natural growth of the lowlands is pine, cedar, tamarack, soft maple, black ash and elm, inter spersed occasionally with other trees of a deciduous nature. In other locali ties were large tracts of pine and oak, with some maple, beech, ash, basswood, butternut, walnut and hemlock. CHAPTER III. DISCOVERT AND OCCUPATION. Jacques Cartier's Discovery — Events Leading to Civilized Occupation — Abandonment of the Early Explorations — Changes Ushered in ¦^^'ith the Fifteenth Century - John Cabot's Ex plorations — His Immediate Successors — European Claimants for the Territory of the New World — Cartier's Renewed Discoveries — "New France" — Other French Explorers — Samuel de Champlain — His Discovery of the Lake which Bears His Name — His Battle with the Iroquois — Henry Hudson's Discoveries — Settlement of the Dutch on Manhattan Island. PROBABLY the first European to gaze upon the green peaks of Vermont was the French navigator, Jacques Cartier. On the 2d of October, I53S> he was conducted by an Indian chief to the summit of Mount Real, which now overlooks the city of Montreal, and there " in that bright October sun " was opened to his enraptured gaze the beautiful country for many miles around. Before him the mighty St. Lawrence, coming solemnly from an un known land, rolled on majestically toward the ocean ; the distant horizon was bounded by the lofty mountains of Vermont, crowned with perpetual verdure ; while illimitable forests, robed in the gorgeous hues of autumn, were spread out before him in every direction. Donnacona, the Indian king who conducted him to the summit of the mountain, informed him that he might sail westward on the great river for three moons — passing through several immense lakes — Discovery and Occupation. 37 without reaching its source ; that the river had its origin in a sea of fresh water to which no limits were known. Far to the southwest, he continued, there was another great river,i which ran through a country where there was no ice or snow ; to the north, there was an inland sea of salt water,^ extending to a re gion of perpetual ice ; while southward there were rivers and smaller lakes, penetrating a beautiful and fertile country, belonging to a powerful and warlike nation called the Iroquois — including within its limits the present territory of Addison county. Before we proceed to the narration of the historic events directly connected with this locality, however, we will turn back and briefly review the events which led to its discovery and subsequent civilized occupa tion. The first Europeans to visit the shores of New England were a party of hardy, adventurous Norwegians. According to the Icelandic sagas, in the spring of A. D. 986 Eric the Red emigrated from Iceland to Greenland, and formed a settlement there. In 994 Biarne, the son of Heriulf Bardson, one of the settlers who accompanied Eric, returned to Norway and gave an account of discoveries he had made to the south of Greenland. On his return to Greenland, Leif, the son of Eric, bought Biarne's ship, and in the year looo, with a crew of thirty-five men, embarked on a voyage of discovery. After sailing some time to the southwest, they fell in with a country covered with slaty rock and destitute of good qualities, and which, therefore, they called HeUuland, or Slateland, corresponding with the present territory of Labrador. They then continued southerly until they found a low, flat coast, with the coun try immediately back covered with wood, whence they called it Markland, or Woodland, and which is now known as Nova Scotia. From here they sailed south and west until they arrived at a promontory which stretched to the east and north, and sailing round it, turned to the west, and sailing westward passed between an island and the main land and " entered a bay through which flowed a river." Here they concluded to winter — at the head of Narragansett Bay, in Rhode Island. Having landed, they built a house to winter in, and called the place Leifsbuthir, or Leif 's Booth ; but subsequent to this they discovered an abundance of vines, whence they named the country Vinland, or Vineland, which thus became the original name of the territory now included within the limits of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Other discoverers and navigators followed this expedition, attempts at col onization were made, and the country was explored, in some locaHties, quite a distance back from the coast ; but dissensions among themselves and wars with the savages at length put an end to these rude attempts at civilization, and ex cept a few Icelandic sagas, and a runestone found here and there throughout the territory, marking a point of discovery, or perhaps the grave of some un happy Northman, the history of these explorations is wrapt in oblivion. Even 1 The Ohio. 2 Hudson Bay. 38 History of Addison County. the colonies which had been established in Greenland were at length abandoned, and the site upon which they flourished became, for many years, forgotten. Finally, however, the fifteenth century was ushered in, marking an era of great ¦changes in Europe. It put an end to the darkness of the Middle Ages ; it witnessed the revival of learning and science, and the birth of many useful arts, among which not the least was printing. The perfection of the mariner's com pass by Flavio Gioja, the Neapolitan sailor, in the preceding century, having enabled sailors to go out of sight of land with impunity, a thirst for exploring unknown seas was awakened. Long voyages were undertaken and important discoveries made. It was during this age of mental activity and growing knowledge that this great continent became known to Southern Europe, a discovery accidentally made in a quest of a westerly route to India and China. A little before sunrise on the 3d of August, 1492, the Genoese, Christopher Columbus, set out on a voyage of discovery under the patronage of the Spanish power A little be fore midnight, on the 13th of October, he descried a light on the island of San Salvador From this moment properly dates the complete history of America. From this time forward its progress bears date from a definite period, and is not shrouded in darkness nor the mists of tradition. During the ages which preceded this event no grander country in all respects ever awaited the advance of civiHzation and enlightenment. With climate and soil diversified between almost the widest extremes ; with thousands of miles of ocean shores indented by magnificent harbors to welcome the world's commerce ; with many of the largest rivers of the globe intersecting and draining its territory and forming natural commercial highways ; with a system of lakes so grand in proportions as to entitle them to the name of inland seas ; with mountains, hills and valleys laden with the richest minerals and almost exhaustless fuel ; and with scenery unsurpassed for grandeur, it needed only the coming of the Caucasian to trans form a continent of wilderness, inhabited by savages, into the free, enlightened republic which is to-day the wonder and the admiration of the civilized world. Early in the wake of those frail caravels, the Mina, Pinta and Santa Maria, oame other adventurous bands of navigators. The first of these was the Vene tian sailor, John Cabot, who was commissioned by Henry VII, of England, in 1497, to voyage to the new territory and take possession of it in the name of England. He discovered Newfoundland and portions adjacent. In 1500 the coast of Labrador and the entrance to the Gulf of St. Lawrence were explored by two brothers from Portugal, named Cortereal. In 1508 Aubert discovered the St. Lawrence, and four years later, in 1 5 1 2, Ponce de Leon discovered Florida. Magellan, the Portuguese navigator, passed through the straits which now bear his name in 15 19, and was the first to circumnavigate the globe. In 1534 Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence as far as Montreal, and five years later Fernando de Soto explored Florida. In 1578 an English navigator Discovery and Occupation. 39 named Drake discovered Upper California. Thus, in less than a century after the landing of Columbus, the different maritime powers of Europe were in active competition for the rich prizes supposed to exist in the New World. While the Spaniards were pushing their acquisitions in the South, the French had gained a foothold in the northern part of the continent. Here the cod fisheries of Newfoundland, and the prospects of a more valuable trade in furs, •opened as early as the beginning of the sixteenth century by Frenchmen, Basques, Bretons and Normans, held out the most glowing inducements. In 1 5 18 Baron Livy settled there (Newfoundland), and in 1524 Francis I, of France, sent thither Jean Verrazzani, a noted Florentine mariner, on a voyage •of exploration. He sailed along the coast 2,100 miles in the frail vessels of the period, and returned safely to his country. On his coast voyage he entered a large harbor, which is supposed to have been that of New York, where he remained fifteen days, and is believed to have been the first European to land on the soil of the State of New York. He proceeded north as far as Labrador and gave the whole region the name of New France, thus opening the way for the future contest between France and England. Jacques Cartier, the French navigator whom we introduced at the opening ¦of this chapter, was born at St. Malo in 1494, and was commissioned by the same French king, Francis I, and put in command of an expedition to explore the New World. After celebrating impressive religious ceremonies, as was the custom at that period before beginning any important undertaking, on the 20th of April, 1534, Cartier sailed from St. Malo with two vessels and with upwards of two hundred men. He touched first the coast of Newfoundland, and then sailing northward passed through the Strait of Belle Isle, landing on the coast of Labrador, where he took formal possession of the country in the name of his sovereign. Continuing his voyage he followed the coast of Newfoundland, making landings at various points and holding friendly intercourse with the natives ; at Gaspe Bay he persuaded a chief to permit his two sons to accom pany him on his return to France ; here also he planted a cross with the French arms upon it, and thence sailed northeast through the Gulf of St. Lawrence and entered the river of that name north of what is now called Anticosti Island. As he sailed up the broad stream on St. Lawrence day (August 10), he ap plied to the river the name of the illustrious saint whose memory is perpetu ated by that day. Here, unaware that he had discovered the mouth of a noble river, and anxious to avoid the autumnal storms, he turned his prow towards France, and on September 5, 1534, he entered the harbor of St. Malo. The ¦succeeding year, 1535, having, under the command ofthe king, fitted up a fleet •of three vessels and organized a colony, to a large extent composed of the younger members of the French nobility, Cartier again sailed from France, ¦empowered by the authority of the king to occupy and colonize the country he had discovered, and to which he gave the name of New France. Arriving 40 History of Addison County. at the mouth of the St Lawrence in July he sailed up its majestic course to where the St. Charies (to which he gave the name of St. Croix) enters it near the present site of Quebec, and cast anchor on the 14th of September. Here he was entertained by Donnacona, a prominent chieftain, with the utmost hos pitality, and through the aid of the two young Indians, who had returned with Cartier, was enabled to indulge in considerable conversation with the royal savage. From this point he made several expeditions, the most important one being up the river to a large Huron Indian town bearing the name of Hoch elaga, on the site of the present city of Montreal. To a prominent eminence back of the town Cartier gave the name of Mont Real (Royal Mountain), hence the name of the modern city. This was the most important town of a large Indian population ; they possessed the country for.a long distance up and down the river from that point, and appeared to be a thrifty, industrious people, hv- ing at peace among themselves and with adjoining tribes. Cartier found them kindly disposed toward him, and received numerous substantial evidences of their hospitality and confidence, to the extent of being permitted to take away with him a little Huron girl, a daughter of one ofthe chiefs, who "lent her to> him to take to France." Though their town was palisaded plainly for the purpose of protection against enemies, he saw before him the open fields cov ered with ripening corn, attesting alike the industry of the people and the fer tility of the soil. His imagination reveled in dreams of conquest and power, as, standing on the lofty hill at the rear of the town, his gaze wandered along; the majestic river and the beautiful scenes we have presented, and he listened. to the broken story of the Indian king, of the wonders of the strange land to^ which he had wandered. Over all the delightful scene and his dazzling dreams was thrown the tremulous, softening influence of Indian summer time ; the coming winter, with its storms and snows, was an unknown experience to the adventurer. Returning in October to the point where his vessels were moored, called by the natives Stadacona (now the site of Quebec), Cartier made preparations. to spend the winter. The result of this decision brought with it extreme suf fering from the rigors of a climate to which the new-comers were wholly unac customed, augmented by the affliction of the scurvy, from which disease twenty- five of his men died. The bitter experiences of this winter of 1535-36 on the Isle of Orleans (where they had constructed rude barracks) dimmed the bright hopes of the colonists, and in the spring Cartier, finding one of his vessels unfit for sea, placed his men upon the other two and prepared to return to France. Taking possession ofthe country with all the formal "pomp and circumstance"' of the age, he and his discouraged companions abandoned the idea of coloniza tion, and, on the 9th of May, 1536, sailed for France. The day before his de parture Cartier invited Donnacona and eight of his chiefs to partake of a feast on board his ship. The invitation was accepted, and Cartier, imitating the in- Discovery and Occupation. 41 famy of the Spanish conquerors of the southern part of the continent, treach erously sailed away with them to France as captives, where they all soon died of grief No further efforts at colonization were undertaken until about 1540, when Francis de la Roque, Lord of Roberval, was commissioned by the king of France with vice-royal powers to establish a colony in New France. The king's authorization of power conferred, upon De la Roque the governorship of an immense extent of territory, shadowy if not illimitable in boundary, but extending in all directions from the St. Lawrence and including in its compass all of what is now New England and much of New York. In 1541 he caused to be fitted out a fleet of vessels, which sailed from St. Malo with Cartier as captain-general and pilot. When, late in August, they arrived at Stadacona, the Indians were overjoyed at their arrival, and poured on board the ships to welcome their chief, whose return they expected, relying on Cartier's promise to bring him back. They put no faith in the tale told them that he and his companions were dead ; and even when shown the Huron maiden, who was to be returned to her friends, they incredulously shook their heads, and their peaceful attitude and hospitality hour by hour changed to moroseness and gradually to hostility. The first breach of faith had occurred, never to be en tirely healed. Cartier made a visit to Hochelaga, and returned thence to Stadacona. On the Isle of Orleans he erected a fort for protection during the approaching win ter. Patiently waiting and watching for De la Roque, who had promised to follow him early in the season, they saw the arrival of winter and the closing of the river by ice without the vision of the hoped-for vessels. In the spring following (1542) Cartier departed for France. He ran into the harbor of St. Johns and there met De la Roque, who was on his way to the St. Lawrence. From Cartier the viceroy heard the most discouraging ac counts of the country, with details of the sufferings he and his men had en dured during the preceding winter, both from the climate and the hostihty of the Indians, followed by the navigator's advice that the whole expedition re turn to France, or sail to some other portion of the continent. This De la Roque declined to do, and ordered Cartier to return to the St. Lawrence. Cartier disobeyed this order and sailed for France. This was his last voyage ; he died in 1555. De la Roque, after his separation from Cartier, pushed on and ascended the river to above the site of Quebec, where he constructed a fort in which he spent the succeeding winter, undergoing extreme suffering from the climate. In the autumn of 1543 De la Roque returned to France, having accomphshed nothing towards colonization, and learning but little of the country not already known. This was the final breaking up of French attempts at colonization at that 42 History of Addison County. time, and nothing more was done by that nation towards settling in the new country for nearly fifty years. De la Roque, however, in 1549, with hia brothers and a number of adventurers, again sailed for the St. Lawrence, but as they were never heard of afterwards, it was supposed they were lost at sea. From 1600 and on for a few years, one M. Chauvin, having obtained a broad patent which formed the basis of a trade monopoly, carried on an ex tensive fur trade with the natives, resulting in establishing numerous small but thrifty settlements ; but the death of the organizer caused their abandonment. The year 1603 was signalized by the initiatory steps that resulted in the- final settlement of the French in the region of the St. Lawrence. M. Aylmer de Chastes, governor of Dieppe, stimulated by the commercial success that had followed the efforts of Chauvin and others, obtained a charter to establish set tlements in New France, and organized a company of Rouen merchants, the existence of which becomes of paramount historic importance as having in troduced to the field of his later great work Samuel de Champlain, discoverer of the lakes and the territory of which this history treats, and the real founder of New France, as well as the most illustrious of those who guided its destinies. " Champlain was born in 1567, at Brouage, a seaport situated on the Bay of Biscay. Addicted to an intercourse with the sea by the associations of his boyhood, near the most tempestuous waters of western Europe, he gratified his instincts by a connection at an early age with the Royal Marine of his native country. Although a Catholic by birth and sentiment, he followed in the civil wars of France the banner of Navarre. When that cause had triumphed he received a pension from the gratitude of his liberal but impoverished leader. Too active and ardent to indulge in the relaxations of peace, he conceived the design of a personal exploration of the colonial possessions of Spain, and to thus obtain a knowledge of their condition and resources, which was studiously veiled from the world by the jealous policy of that government. His scheme was sanctioned by the wise and sagacious head of the French administration. Through the influence of a relative in that service Champlain secured the com mand of a ship in the Spanish West India fleet. This singular position, not, perhaps, in perfect accordance with modern conceptions of professional honor, occupied two years, and when he returned to France his mind was stored with the most valuable information, and his journal, laded with the results of the keen observation of the regions he had visited, was quaintly illustrated by his uncultivated pencil." 1 Champlain must have been born with the uncontrollable instinct of investi gation and desire for knowledge of the material world that has always marked the great explorers. He made a voyage (i>599), landed at Vera Cruz, pene trated to the city of Mexico and visited Panama. More, his journal shows that he conceived the idea of a ship canal across the isthmus by which " the voy- 1 Watson's Essex County. Discovery and Occupation. 43 age to the South Sea might be shortened by more than fifteen hundred leagues.'' At the request of De Chastes, Champlain was commissioned by the king lieutenant-general of Canada (a name derived, it is supposed, " from the Hu ron word Kan-na-ta, signifying a collection of cabins, such as Hochelaga."^) He sailed from the port of Honfleur in March, 1603, in a single vessel, com manded by a skilled navigator named Pont-Greve. They arrived at the mouth of the St. Lawrence some time in May, and as cended the river as far as Stadacona, where they anchored. From this point Champlain sent Pont-Greve upon an expedition up the river to above the La- chine Rapids. At Hochelaga he found, instead of the palisaded city described by Cartier, nothing indicating that the locality had ever been thickly popu lated. A few scattered bodies of Indians, of a different nation from those met by Cartier, who evinced the greatest wonder and interest in the new-comers, were all that he saw. These natives gave Pont-Greve much information rela tive to the regions of the south and west, and other intelligence of a nature to fill the mind of the explorer with the wildest dreams of conquest and empire. Without enacting more extended measures towards colonization and set tlement than making a few brief expeditions of exploration, Champlain in the autumn returned to France ; he found that in his absence his patron, De Chas tes, had died, and that the concessions and privileges of the latter had been transferred to M. Pierre de Gast, the Sieur de Monts. Though a Protestant, the latter had secured additional favors from the royal hand, covering broad commercial rights, with vice-regal authority over a section of the new country extending from Philadelphia, or its site, on the south, to the forty-sixth parallel on the north, and from the sea shore on the east to an indefinite limit on the west. Again, in the spring of 1604, Champlain sailed with four vessels, bringing with him a number of people intended to colonize the grants. They landed first at Nova Scotia, and remained there long enough to establish the begin ning of a settlement, and, towards autumn, De Monts returned to France and left Champlain to explore the coast to the south as far as his grant extended. Champlain remained for some time at this point, pushing forward his settle ment, and exploring the surrounding country, carrying out his employer's in structions to the extent of sailing along the coast as far south as Cape Cod. In 1607 he returned to France. Expressing to De Monts his belief that the better site for establishing the seat of the proposed new empire would be a point on the St. Lawrence River, some distance from the sea coast, he was sent with Pont-Greve and a number of colonists, in 1608, to Stadacona, and there founded Quebec (a name of Indian derivation). There houses were built and agricultural operations begun. ' Lossing. 44 History of Addison County. In 1609 Champlain, who had secured the friendship of the Montagnais In dians, or Montagners, engaged to assist them in an expedition against their enemies, the Iroquois. It is probable that he was partly incited to his action by desire to extend his knowledge of the country, and to widen his sphere of influence. They were joined by a number of Hurons and Algonquins, and in May proceded in canoes up the Sorel to the Chambly Rapids. The Indians had told Champlain that the country they wished to conquer was thickly settled ; that to reach it they must pass by a waterfall, thence into another lake, from the head of which there was a carrying-place to a river, which flowed towards the sea coast. This course of their intended march is clearly understood to-day as leading up Lake Champlain to Ticonderoga, thence up the outlet of Lake George past the falls, thence through Lake George to the Hudson River. I left the rapid ofthe said river ofthe Iroquois, says Champlain in his journal, on the 2d of July. All the savages began carrying their canoes, arms and traps, overland about a league and a half, to avoid the current and force of the rapid. This was quickly effected. They immediately launched the canoes into the water, two men in each with their baggage, whUst one of the men went by land about a league and a half, which was the proba ble extent of said rapid, though not so violent as at the foot, except at some points where rocks obstructed the river, which is no more than three or four hundred paces wide. After the rapid was passed, though not without trouble, aU the Indians who had gone by land over a pretty good road and level country, though covered with timber, re-embarked in their canoes. My men were also on land and on the water in a canoe. They reviewed all their force and found twenty-four canoes with sixty men. After having completed the review, we continued our journey as far as an island three leagues long, covered with the finest pines I ever beheld. They hunted and caught some wUd animals there. Passing thence about three leagues far ther on, we camped in order to rest for the night. Forthwith some began to cut down timber ; others to pull off bark to cover lodges to shel ter them ; others to faU large trees with which to barricade their lodges on the shore. They know so well how to construct these barricades, that five hundred of their enemies would find considerable difficulty in forcing them in less than two hours, without loss. They do not fortify the side of the river along which their canoes are ranged, so as to be able to embark should occasion require. After they had camped, they dispatched three canoes with good men, as is their custom at all their encampments, to reconnoitre within two or three leagues, if they see anything, after which they retire. They depend the whole night on the exploration of the van guard, which is a bad habit of theirs. For sometimes their enemies surprise asleep, and kiU them without having an opportunity of recovering their feet to defend themselves. Remarking that, I remonstrated with them against the error they committed ; told them to watch, as they saw us do,' aU night, and to have out-posts to spy and see if they could per ceive anything ; and not to live in that style, like cattle. They told me they couldn't watch, and that they labored all day hunting. So that when they go to war they divide their force into three, to-wit : one party, scattered in divers places, hunting ; another forms the main body, which is always under arms ; and another party as a van guard, to scout along the river and see whether they wiU not discover some trail or mark indicating the passage of friends or enemies. This they ascertain by certain marks the chiefs of one nation give to those of an^ other, which are not always aUke ; notifying each other from time to time when they alter any 1 Champlain was accompanied by two other Frenchmen, Discovery and Occupation. 45 By this means they recognize whether those who have passed are friends or enemies. The hunters never hunt in advance of the main body or the scouts, so as not to create any alarm •or disorder ; but in the rear and in the direction where they do not apprehend enemies. They thus continue until they are two or three days' journey from the foe, when they advance •stealthily by night, all in a body, except the scouts, and retire by day into the picket fort where they repose, without wandering abroad, making any noise or buUding a fire, even for cooking, during that time, so as not to be discovered, should their enemies happen to pass. The only fire they make is, to smoke. They eat dried Indian meal which they steep in water Uke por ridge. They prepare this meal for use when they are pinched, and when they are near the enemy, or when retreating ; after their attacks they do not amuse themselves hunting, retreat ing precipitately. We left next day, continuing our route along the river as far as the mouth of the lake. Here a number of beautiful but low islands, filled with very fine woods and prairies, a quan tity of game and wild animals, such as stags, deer, fawns, roebucks, bears and other sorts of animals that come from the mainland to the said islands. We caught a quantity of them. There is also quite a number of beavers, as well in the river as in several other streams which fall into it. These parts, though agreeable, are not inhabited by any Indians, in consequence of their wars. They retire from the rivers as far as possible, deep into the country, in order not to be so soon discovered. Next day we entered the lake, which is of considerable extent ; some fifty or sixty leagues, where I saw four beautiful islands, ten, twelve and fifteen leagues in length formerly inhabited, as well as the Iroquois rivers, by Indians, but abandoned since they have been at war the one with the other. Several rivers, also, discharge into the lake, surrounded by a number of fine trees similar to those we have in France, with a quantity of vines handsomer than any I ever saw ; a great many chestnuts, and I had not yet seen except the margin of the lake, where there is a large abundance of fish of divers species. Continuing our route along the west side of the lake, contemplating the country, I saw on the east side very high mountains capped with snow. I asked the Indians if these parts were inhabited ? They answered me yes, and that they were Iroquois, and that there were in those parts beautiful valleys, and fields fertile in corn as good as I had ever eaten in the country, with an infinitude of other fruits, and that the lake extended close to the mountains, which were, according to my judgment, fifteen leagues from us. I saw others to the soutii, not less high than the former ; only that they were without snow. At nightfall we embarked in our canoes to continue our journey, and as we advanced very softly and noiselessly, we encountered a war party of Iroquois on the 29th of the month, about ten o'clock at night, at the point of a cape which puts into the lake on the west side. They and we began to shout, each seizing his arms. We withdrew towards the water and the Iro quois repaired on shore, and arranged all their canoes, the one beside the other, and began to hew down trees with villainous axes, which they sometimes got in war, and others .of stone, and fortified themselves very securely. Our party, likewise, kept their canoes arranged the one along side the other, tied to poles so as not to run adrift, in order to fight all together should need be. We were on the water about an arrow-shot from their barricades. When they were armed and in order, they sent two canoes from the fleet to know if their enemies wished to fight, who answered they desired nothing else ; but that just then there was not much light, and that we must wait for day to distinguish each other, and they would give us battle at sunrise. This was agreed to by our party. Meanwhile the whole night was spent in dancing and singing, as well on one side as on the other, mingled with an infinitude of in sults and other taunts, such as the little courage they had ; how powerless their resistance 46 History of Additon County. against their arms, and that when day would break they should experience this to their ruin. Ours, likewise, did not faU in repartee ; teUing them they should witness the effects of arms they had never seen before ; and a muUitude of other speeches, as is usual at a siege of a town. After the one and the other had sung, danced and pariiamented enough, day broke. My companions and 1 were always concealed, for fear the enemy should see us preparing our arms the best we could, being, however, separated, each in one of the canoes belonging to savage Montagnars, After being equipped with light armor we took each an arquebus and went ashore. I saw the enemy leave their barricade ; they were about two hundred men, of strong and robust appearance, who were coming slowly towards us, with a gravity and assurance which greatly pleased me, led on by three chiefs. Ours were marching in similar order, and told me that those who bore three lofty plumes were the chiefs, and that there were but these three and they were to be recognized by those plumes, which were considerable longer than those of their companions, and that I must do aU I could to kill them. I promised to do what I could, and that I was very sorry they could not clearly understand me, so as to give them the order and plan of attacking their enemies, as we should undoubtedly defeat them all ; but there was no help for that ; that I was very glad to encourage them and to manifest to them my good wiU when we should be engaged. The moment we landed they began to run about two hundred paces towards their enemies who stood firm, and had not yet perceived my companions who went into the bush with some savages. Ours commenced calling me in a loud voice, and making way for me, opened in two and placed me at their head, marching about twenty paces in advance, tiU I was within thirty paces of the enemy. The moment they saw me they halted, gazing at me and I at them. When 1 saw them preparing to shoot at us, I raised my arquebus, and aiming directly at one of the three chiefs, two of them fell to the ground by this shot and one of their compan ions received a wound of which he died afterwards. I had put four balls in my arquebus. Ours, on witnessing a shot so favorable for them, set up such tremendous shouts that thunder could not be heard ; and yet, there was no lack of arrows on one side and the other. The Iroquois were greatly astonished seeing two men killed so instantaneously, notwithstanding they were provided with arrow-proof armor of woven cotton thread and wood. This fright ened them very much. WhUst I was re-loading, one of my companions in the bush fired a shot, which so astonished them anew, seeing their chiefs slain, that they lost courage, took to flight and abandoned the field and their fort, hiding themselves in the depths of the forest, whither pur suing I killed some others. Our savages also kUled several of them and took ten or twelve prisoners. The rest carried off the wounded. Fifteen or sixteen of ours were wounded by ar rows ; they were promptly cured. After having gained the victory they amused themselves plundering Indian corn and meal from the enemy ; also their arms which they had thrown away in order to run the better. After having feasted, danced and sung, we returned three hours afterwards with the prisoners. The place where this battle was fought is in forty-three degrees some minutes latitude, and I named it Lake Champlain. Authorities differ with regard to the exact location of the scene of this bat tle, the first of a long series that were to consecrate the locality with the blood of three contending powers. The prevailing opinion has been that it occurred near, if not directly upon, the promontory afterwards occupied by Fort Ticon deroga ; but we are inclined to agree with Hon. John Strong, who places it on Sandy Point, directly opposite the town of Addison. After the battle, it is recorded, Champlain and his men retreated across the lake, where they re mained until the latter part of the day before continuing their journey. This, if the view suggested be correct, would place them upon Chimney Point, in the Discovery and Occupation. 47 southern part of the present town of Addison. Here it was, then, in Addison county, that the lake which was destined to be the theatre of such great events in the history of our country, was christened ; for the wording of Champlain's journal clearly indicates that it was not until just after this battle that he named the lake, i. c, "The place where the battle was fought is in forty- three degrees some minutes latitude, and I named it Lake Champlain."^ Thus came the first white man upon the soil of the territory of which we write, and thus, from the 30th day of July, 1609, dates the period of its his tory. Previous to this date there is not even the uncertainties of tradition to tell us of its aboriginal occupants — though it undoubtedly did have at one time an Indian population, while the course of Otter Creek was from time immemo rial, according to Indian tradition, a favorite pathway of travel. Champlain found the northern Indians, or the Montagners, engaged in a bloody war with the powerful Iroquois, and hence he says of the country bordering the lake : "These parts, though agreeable, are not inhabited by any Indians in conse quence of their wars." How long these wars had been in progress it is impos sible to state with any degree of accuracy; but certainly for a generation or more. The Algonquins, though the most numerous, lacked the strength of unity, their population being spread over so large an amount of territory, and they were thus generally getting the worst of the contest. It is little wonder then that they hailed with delight this new weapon which the white men brought, armed with which they could, for a time, win victory on any field. Previous to the formation of the Iroquois Confederacy each of the five nations composing it was divided into five tribes. When the union was estab lished, each tribe transferred one-fifth of its members to every other nation than its own. The several tribes thus formed were named as follows : Tortoise, Wolf, Bear, Beaver, Deer, Potato, Snipe, Heron. The Snipe and Heron cor respond with the Great and Little Plover, and the Hawk with the Eagle of the early French writers. Some authors of repute omit the name of the Potato tribe altogether. These tribes were formed into two divisions, the second sub ordinate to the first, which was composed of the four first named. Each tribe constituted what may be called a family, and its members, who were all con sidered brothers and sisters, were also brothers and sisters of the members of all the other tribes having the same device. It will be seen that an indissolu ble bond was thus formed by the ties of consanguinity, which was still further strengthened by the marriage relation. It was held to be an abomination for two persons of the same tribe to intermarry ; every individual family must therefore contain members from at least two tribes. The child belonged to the tribe, or clan, of the mother, not to the father, and aU rank, titles and posses- iThe Abenaqui Indians called the lake " Pe-ton-bon-que," that is, " The Waters that lie Be tween," viz., them and the Iroquois. The Iroquois caUed it " Caniaderi-guar-unte," that is, "Tie Lake that is the Gate of the Country." The Dutch and English called it " Corlear," after the cele brated Dutchman of Schenectady, -vi'ho went down the lake in 1665, and was drowned near Fort. Cassin. 48 History of Addison County. sions passed through the female line. The chief was almost invariably suc ceeded by a near relative, and always on the female side ; but if these were unfit, then a council of the tribe chose a successor from among remoter kin dred, in which case he was nominated by the matron of the late chief's house hold. The choice was never made adverse to popular will. Chiefs and sa chems held their offices only through courteous, winning behavior and their general good qualities and good conduct. There was another council of a popular character, in which any one took part whose age and experience qual ified him to do so ; it was merely the gathered wisdom of the nation. The young warriors also had their council ; so, too, did the women. All the gov ernment of this "remarkable example of an almost pure democracy in govern ment " 1 was exercised through councils, which were represented by deputies in the councils of the sachems. In this peculiar blending of individual, tribal, national and federal interests lies the secret of that immense power which for more than a century resisted the hostile efforts of the French ; which caused them for nearly a century to be alike courted and feared by the contending French and English colonies, and enabled them to exterminate or subdue their neighboring Indian nations, until they were substantially dictators of the con tinent, gaining them the title of " The Romans ofthe New World." While the Iroquois Indians were superior in mental capacity and less im provident than the Algonquins and other nations, there is little indication that they were ever inclined to improve the conditions in which they were found by the Europeans. They were closely attached to their warrior and hunter life ; hospitable to friends, but ferocious and cruel to their enemies ; of no mean mental capacity, but devoting their energies to the lower, if not the lowest forms of enjoyment and animal gratification ; they had little regard for the mar riage tie, and lasciviousness and unchastity were the rule ; their dwellings, even among the more stationary tribes, were rude, their food gross and poor, and their domestic habits and surroundings unclean and barbaric ; their dress was ordinarily of skins of animals, until the advent of the whites, and was primitive in character ; woman was degraded into a mere beast of burden ; while they believed in a supreme being, they were powerfully swayed by superstition, in cantations by "medicine men," dreams and the like ; their feasts were exhibi tions of debauchery and gluttony. Evidences of an Indian occupation are occasionally met with in the county even at this late day, as the plow sometimes turns up relics in the form of spear and arrow-heads, stone axes, etc. These relics have been found in large quantities along the borders of the lake. Otter Creek, Lemon Fair and other streams, and among them specimens of pottery and domestic implements. Upon the Cutts farm, on the lake shore in Orwell, there is a place where they manufactured their arrow-heads from a kind of flinty stone obtained in the ^ Lossing. Discovery and Occupation. 49 vicinity. Large piles of the fragments produced in working out these arrow heads are yet to be seen. Another manufactory of these implements may be seen on Mount Independence.' An interesting specimen of their pottery was unearthed in Middlebury in 1820. It is an urn or pot capable of holding about twenty quarts, and appears to have been made from pulverized granite and clay, baked but unglazed. Some of the tribes composing the confederacy of the Iroquois emigrated to Canada at an early day, allying with the French in their war against the British. These Indians have repeatedly, even up to a comparatively recent date, presented claims against Vermont for lands lying along the eastern shore of the lake. In 1 798 the Legislature met at Vergennes, and during its session was waited upon by a committee of Indians bearing a petition signed by twenty chiefs, representing, as they said, " the seven nations of Lower Canada Indians." This petition, setting forth their grievances, asked for $89,600 in restitution for " all that tract of land lying northerly of a straight line from Ticonderoga to the great falls of Otter Creek [Sutherland Falls], from thence to be continued to the top ofthe Green Mountains, thence along said mountains which divide the water that runs into the Connecticut River and the water that flows into Lake Champlain and Mississquoi River, to the latitude of forty-five degrees." Among the tribes represented were the Abenaquis and Cognahwaghahs. The latter originally formed a part of the Mohawks, but revolted from that tribe, joined the French, and settled at the Sault St. Louis, above Montreal. If they had any claim it must have been under the Iroquois title ; while the Abenaquis " claimed under the title of that nation who once inhabited the whole country east of Lake Champlain, south of the St. Lawrence, and em bracing the northern part of New England. This would seem to favor the idea that the Iroquois — as Champlain represents when he discovered the lake — might then have occupied the country on its eastern border. If so, the Abe naquis must have gained possession of it, and occupied it afterwards, until they joined their brethren at St. Francis." ^ The subject of the petition was referred to a committee, who reported that the lands claimed had, in their opinion, for merly belonged to said Indians, but whether their title had ever been extin guished by purchase, conquest, dereliction of occupancy, or in any other way, they could not ascertain. The Legislature supported the Indian agents during their attendance, gave them a hundred dollars in token of friendship, and they returned to their tribes well pleased with their success, and hoping to succeed still better another season. It is like a pathetic page from a romance to read, in Champlain's journal, that " the Iroquois were greatly astonished, seeing two men killed so instan taneously," one of whom was their noble chief; while the ingenuous acknowl- 1 History of Orwell, by Hon. Roswell Bottum. 2 See Williams's History of Vermont, II, 282, 290, so History of Addison County. edgment of Champlain, "I had put four balls in my arquebus," is a vivid testi mony of how little mercy the Iroquois nations were to expect thenceforth from their northern enemies and the pale-faced race who were eventually to drive them from their domain. Still, however, if the Indians were dumbfounded when they witnessed for the first time the deadly effect of firearms, Champlain and his two companions were equally surprised by the fiendish cruelties inflicted by the Indian warriors upon their prisoners. " After proceeding about eight leagues down the lake," says Dr. Fitch in his history of Washington county, N. Y., " they landed after nightfall, and taking one of the prisoners, made a speech to him, upbraiding him with the barbarities which he and his people had perpetrated in the war, without showing mercy in any instance, and informing him that it would now devolve on him to submit to the same destiny. They then told him to sing if he had any courage; this he commenced doing, but in the most sad and dolorous tones. A fire had been previously kindled, and was now burning briskly. Each Indian took from it a brand, and commenced burning the skin of the poor creature, a little at a time, to make him suffer longer torment. Remitting this at times, they would then throw him on his back in the water Afterward pulling off his finger-nails, they put hot ashes on the ends of his fingers. Next they tore the scalp from the top of his head and then dropped melted pitch upon the naked skull. They then pierced holes through his arms near the wrists, and with sticks drew out therefrom the sinews and nerves, forcibly pulling on them until they were rent asunder. Strange cries at times were uttered by this miserable creature ; yet, during the whole of the horrid performance, he was so firm and unshaken that one would have said he did not feel any pain. The Indians urged Champlain to take a fire brand and join them in their employment. But he remonstrated with them, telling them he was unused to such cruelties — that his people only shot at their enemies with their guns, and if they would only permit him to have one shot at the captive with his arquebus it was all he would ask. They would not consent to this, and, unable to longer endure the sight, he turned away with disgust. Perceiving his disquietude they called him back, telling him to do as he had desired. He thereupon discharged his arquebus at the sufferer with such effect that, as Charlevoix intimates in describing this scene, he had no •occasion for desiring a second shot. Even now that their victim was dead they were not satisfied, but, ripping him open, they threw his entrails into the lake, and then cut off his head, arms and legs, preserving only his scalp, which they added to the number they had taken from those who had been killed in the battle. More atrocious still, they took his heart, and cutting it into a number of slices, gave a piece to one of his own brothers, and to each of the other prisoners, ordering them to eat it. These put it into their mouths, but were unable to swallow it ; whereupon some of the Algonquin Indians who guarded the prisoners allowed them to spit out the whole and throw it into the water." Discovery and Occupation. 51 During the time of these occurrences under the leadership of Champlain, who was thus pushing southward from his embryo settlement on the St. Law rence, other explorations were being made from the sea coast northward, the actors in which were undoubtedly impelled by the same spirit of enterprise, but exemplified in a less belligerent manner Prominent among these, and particularly noteworthy as opening the pathway of civilization leading to the same territory towards which Champlain's expedition tended, was the explora tion of the noble river that now bears the name of its discoverer, Henry Hud son. Possibly, at the time Champlain was performing these feats near the head waters of the Hudson, the English navigator was encamped less than one hun dred miles below. Strange that two adventurers, in the service of different sovereigns ruling three thousand miles away, and approaching from different points of the compass, should so nearly meet in the vast forests of wild Amer ica, each exploring a part of the continent never before traversed by Euro peans. Strange, too, that the vicinity where these adventurers so nearly met should, for a hundred and fifty years, be the boundary between the nations re spectively represented by them, and the scene of their frequent and bloody conflicts for supremacy. Captain Henry Hudson, though an Englishman, sailed in the interest of the Dutch East India Company. After having, in returning from a quest for the coveted northeastern passage to India, sailed along the coast of the continent from Maine to Chesapeake Bay, and, as we have intimated, ascended the river which bears his name to a point within a hundred miles of that attained by Champlain, he returned to Europe. "The unworthy monarch on England's throne, jealous of the advantage which the Dutch might derive from Hudson's discoveries, detained him in England as an English subject ; but the navigator outwitted his sovereign, for he sent an account of his voyage to his Amster dam employers by a trusty hand."^ Through the information thus furnished was established a Dutch colony on the island of Manhattan, for which a char ter was granted by the States- General of Holland, bearing date October 11, 16 14, in which the country was named New Netherland. Meanwhile, in 1607, the English had made their first permanent settlement at Jamestown, Va., and in 1620 planted a second colony at Plymouth Rock. These two colonies be came the successful, rivals of all others, of whatever nationality, in the strife that finally left them (the English) masters of the country. On the discoveries and the colonization efforts we have briefly noted, three European powers based claims to the territory of which Addison county now forms a part. England, by reason of the discovery of Cabot, who sailed under letters patent from Henry VII, and on the 24th of June, 1497, struck the ster ile coast of Labrador, and that made in the following year by his son Sebas tian, who explored the coast from Newfoundland to Florida, claiming a terri- 1 Lossing. 52 History of Addison County. tory eleven degrees in width and extending westward indefinitely. France, by reason of the discoveries of Verrazzani, claimed a portion of the Atlantic coast ; and Holland, by reason of the discovery of Hudson, claimed the coun try from Cape Cod to the southern shore of Delaware Bay. From the date of the death of Champlain ' until the end of French domi nation in New France, the friendship established by that great explorer between the northern Indians and the French was unbroken, while at the same time it led to the unyielding hostility of the Iroquois, and especially of the Mohawks. If truces and informal peace treaties were formed between these antagonistic elements, they were both brief in tenure and of little general effect. As a con sequence of this and the fact that Lakes Champlain and George were the nat ural highway between the hostile Indians, they became the scene of prolonged conflict and deeds of savage atrocity, which retarded settlement and devastated their borders. The feuds of the people of Europe and the malignant passions of European sovereigns arrayed the colonies of England against the provinces of France in conflicts where the ordinary ferocity of border warfare was aggra vated by the relentless atrocities of savage barbarism. Each power emulated the other in the consummation of its schemes of blood and rapine. Hostile In dian tribes, panting for slaughter, were let loose along the frontier upon feeble settlements, struggling amid the dense forest with a rigorous climate and re luctant soil for a precarious existence. Unprotected mothers, helpless infancy and decrepit age were equally the victims of the torch, the tomahawk and scalping-knife. The two lakes formed portions of the great pathway (equally accessible and useful to both parties) of these bloody and devastating forays. In the season of navigation they glided over the placid waters of the lake, with ease and celerity, in the bark canoes of the Indians. The ice of winter afforded them a broad, crystal highway, with no obstruction of forest or mountain, of ravine or river If deep and impassable snows rested upon its bosom, snow- shoes were readily constructed, and secured and facilitated their march. 1 Champlain, who is commemorated in the annals of the country he served so ably and -with such fidelity as "The Father ofNew France," died at Quebec in December, 1635. Advancing Settlements. 53 CHAPTER IV. ADVANCING SETTLEMENTS. Progress of CivUized Occupation — Settlements and Thrift of the Dutch — Interference by the English — Charles II Charters to the Duke of York — Incursions of the French Against the Mohawks — The Peace of Breda — De Frontenac's Reign in New France — English Expeditions — First CivUized Occupation of the Territory of Addison County — Further Contests Between the French and English — The Treaty of Ryswick — Queen Anne's War — The Treaty of Utrecht — Resettlement at Chimney Point — The French Fortify Crown Point — Progress of English Set tlements — BuUding of Fort Dummer — The Struggle Between England and France Renewed — Treaty of Aix-la-ChapeUe — Another Declaration of War — Abercrombie's Defeat by Montcalm — Amherst's Successful Operations — The Treaty of Paris — End of the French Rer/ime — French Seigniories. IN the mean time the distant line of civilization was gradually approaching the territory of which we write. The Dutch had ventured north from their early occupation of Manhattan Island and commenced a settlement at Albany in 1613 ; in 1636 the English took a stride nearer when William Pynchon came down the old bay-path from Plymouth with his little band to found the city of Springfield, Mass.; while less than five years later, in 1640, the French had be gun the settlement of Montreal. In 1 62 1 the Dutch West India Company was formed and, under their charter of 1614, took possession of New Amsterdam, as the fort with its sur roundings on Manhattan Island was called. For fifteen years the most amica ble relations existed between the Dutch and the Indians ; but the harsh and unwise administration of William Kieft, who was appointed director-general in September, 1637, provoked the beginning of hostilities with the natives, which were kept up with more or less vindictiveness during the period of his admin istration. In May, 1647, Peter Stuyvesant succeeded Kieft as director- general or governor. He was the last of the Dutch officials in that capacity, and the firm and just course followed by him harmonized the difficulties with the In dians, and also with the Swedes, who had colonized in the region of the Dela ware. The New Amsterdam of the Dutch was fast developing in resources, for the missionary work of trading guns and rum to the Indians proved very profit able. But this thrift and prosperity of their cousins, the Enghsh could not quietly brook. Accordingly, on the 12th of March, 1664, Charles II con veyed by royal patent to his brother James, duke of York, all the country from the river St. Croix to the Kennebec, in Maine ; also Nantucket, Martha's Vine yard and Long Island, together with all the land from the west side of the Con necticut River to the east side of Delaware Bay. The duke sent an Enghsh squadron, under Admiral Richard Nicholls, to secure the gift, and on the 8th of September following Governor Stuyvesant capitulated, being constrained to 54 History of Addison County, that course by the Dutch colonists, who preferred peace with the same privi leges and liberties accorded to the English colonists, to a prolonged and per haps fruitless contest. Thus ended the Dutch regime. The English changed the name of New Amsterdam to New York. About this time the French, who based their right to the country of the Iroquois on the established maxim existing among European nations, that the discoverers who planted the arms of their government upon aboriginal soil ac quired thereby the property of that country for their respective nations, became possessed of a desire to control the Hudson River and the port of New York, To carry out this purpose meetings of the cabinet council discussed plans, and measures were inaugurated. Also, in the hope of avenging past injuries and to put an end to future incursions, the government of New France resolved, in 1665, to send against the Mohawks a force that would not return until their enemies were wiped from the face of the earth. On the 23d of March of that year Daniel de Runy, knight, Lord de Cour- celles, was appointed governor of Canada. On the 9th of January of the fol lowing year this gentleman started, with less than six hundred men, upon the long-contemplated incursion to the heart of the Iroquois country, a weary march of three hundred miles in mid- winter, when the snow was four feet deep.' On the 2 1 St they started up the lake, and upon arriving at Bulwagga Bay, op posite the present town of Addison, took the route across to the head waters of the Hudson. Following the Hudson down as far as Glens Falls, they struck across to the Mohawk River, coming out near the Dutch settlement at Sche nectady on the 9th of February. Here, in their half-famished and deplorable condition, they fell into an ambush of the Mohawks ; and but for the interces sion of Arant Van Corlear, a prominent citizen of Schenectady, the whole party would have fallen a prey to the vengeance ofthe exasperated Mohawks. They returned by the same route they came, " stopping two days at Chimney Point, for stragglers to come in." Notwithstanding the inglorious termination of this expedition, its magni tude prompted the Iroquois to sue for peace, and a treaty was concluded in May, June and July, 1666, by the Senecas, Oneidas and Mohawks, respectively. Pending the negotiations, however, the Mohawks committed an outrage on the garrison of Fort St. Anne,' which convinced its commander, M. de Tracy, that the stability of the treaty would be enhanced by visiting a chastisement upon them. Accordingly, at the head of six hundred troops and seven hundred In dians, he made an incursion into the Mohawk country in September, only to find it deserted by the wily savages ; after destroying their villages and crops, he returned. In July of the following year (1667) the peace of Breda was concluded be- 1 This was the first structure erected in the vicinity of Lake Champlain. It was built in 1642 by Captain de la Motte, or Mothe, upon what is now known as Sandy Point, on the west shore and about a mile south ofthe northern extremity of Isle la Motte, Advancing Settlements, 55 tween Holland, England and France, by which the New Netherlands was given to the English, and Acadia (Nova Scotia), with fixed boundaries, to the French. The interval of quiet was short, however, for in 1669 the troubles with the Iro quois were recommenced. Suffering and consternation prevailed among the Canadian settlements, and many of the settlers prepared to return to France ; but in 1672 Count de Frontenac was appointed governor and lieutenant-gen eral of the province, under whose efficient administration peace was again es tablished in 1673. In 1684- this peace treaty was violated, M. de la Barre having in the mean time been appointed as De Frontenac's successor. Several years of bloodshed followed, reducing the French colony to a pitiable condition. The accession of William of Orange to the throne of England, in 1689, however, gave a new aspect to affairs. Count de Frontenac was again ap pointed governor of New France, arriving here in October of that year. He immediately began earnest efforts to effect a peace negotiation with the Iro quois ; but failing, he determined to terrify them into submission. For this purpose he fitted out three expeditions — one against New York, one against Connecticut, and the third against New England. The first was directed against Schenectady, which was sacked and burned on the night of February 9, 1690. These repeated incursions by the French and Indians at last awakened the English colonists to the conviction that they must harmoniously unite in their efforts against their enemies if they would succeed. A convention was ac cordingly held in New York in May, 1690, constituted of delegates from Massa chusetts, Connecticut and New York, at which it was resolved to combine their strength for the subjugation of Canada. Massachusetts engaged to equip a fleet and attack the French possessions by sea, while the other two States should assault Montreal and the forts upon the Sorel. The land forces, mustered at Lake George in formidable numbers, embarked in canoes and sailed for Ticon deroga. Embarking again on Lake Champlain, but little progress was made when the expedition was abandoned through failure in supplies and dissensions in the force. The failure of these efforts and the heavy expenses incurred left the colonies in a more defenseless situation than before. But in the same year John Schuyler (grandfather of Philip Schuyler, of Revolutionary fame) organ ized a band of about one hundred and twenty " Christians and Indians " for an incursion into the French possessions. He cautiously passed down Lake Champlain and landed in the vicinity of Chambly. Leaving his canoes in safety, he penetrated to La Prairie, far within the line of the French fortresses. They fell upon the French colonists, who were unsuspectingly engaged in their harvest, and, in the savage spirit that then controlled such movements, com mitted young and old alike to slaughter This year (1690) was an important one in the annals of the territory im mediately under consideration. On the 26th of March "The mayor, aldermen 56 History of Addison County, and justices of the city and county of Albany, gave Captain Jacobus de Narm orders to take seventeen men and pass by way of ' Schuytook,' and take from thence twenty savages," and proceed to the " pass " in Lake Champlain, there to build a fort ; a project which had long been contemplated by Governor Don gan, of New York. This was accordingly done, and in the early summer a. small stone fort was built on Chimney Point, in the present town of Addison, This was the first civilized occupation of the county's territory. In the summer of the following year (1691) Major Peter Schuyler, with. a force of about two hundred and fifty whites and Indians, passed down the lake to fall upon the ill-fated settlement of La Prairie, which he reached at dawn on the morning of August i. A sharp battle ensued, in which the- loss of the French was severe, though Schuyler was obliged to retreat with a. loss of twenty-one killed and twenty-five wounded. The result of these forays, while they were not decisive in themselves, was- to keep the French settlers in a constant state of terror, and oblige them, in their impoverished condition, to support the large number of soldiers quar tered upon them. In the mean time the Five Nations had nearly ruined the French fur trade by taking possession of the passes between the French and their western allies. In 1693, exasperated to the last extremity, Count de Frontenac secretly passed up the lake on the ice with a force of between six and seven hundred French and Indians, and descended into the Mohawk; country. Here he destroyed three of their castles, meeting with but little re sistance ; but on his retreat he was sorely pressed by Major Peter Schuyler, who- had hastily gathered a party of five hundred Albany militia and Indians, and started in pursuit. The French escaped, however, with a loss of eighty killed and thirty-three wounded In July, 1696, also, De Frontenac, after vainly re peated efforts to establish peace, set out for a destructive incursion against the Onondagas. But like the others, except in the destruction of villages and crops, this formidable invasion proved fruitless. Finally, in September of the following year (1697), the treaty of Ryswick was concluded, establishing peace between the French and English, a condition ultimately shared in by their re spective allies. With the signing of this treaty there followed five or six years of quiet in the region of Lake Champlain, during which interval, August 4, 170 1, the Five Nations signed a treaty of neutrality with Canada. In the following year (1702) Queen Anne ascended the throne of England, and soon afterward found cause to declare hostilities against France. Then followed the war of the Spanish succession, or, as it was called in America, Queen Anne's war, at tended with a decade of bloodshed and ferocious forays in New England and elsewhere. The Iroquois treaty of neutrality, however, turned this series of hostilities in other directions and to other localities than that under considera tion. Suffice it to say, then, that on April 11, 171 3, the treaty of Utrecht be- Advancing Settlements. 57 tween England and France was signed, securing an interval of peace continu ing over a period of thirty years. During this interval, in 1730, a small French colony came up Lake Cham plain and established themselves upon Chimney Point,i the site occupied by De Narm in 1690. Here they built a small fort and probably repaired the stone fort built by De Narm. The little village which thus sprung up was subse- -quently given the name of Hocquart. In the following year (1731) M. de Beauharnois, the French governor of the Canadian colony, by the authority of Louis XV, though in direct violation of the treaties of Ryswick and Utrecht, proceeded up the lake and began fortifying Crown Point, directly opposite Chim ney Point, To protect Canada from incursions by the Iroquois was the osten sible reason advanced by France for building this fortress ; but that there was a deeper purpose is too palpable to need demonstration. While the English ¦colonies were at first startled by this encroachment and awakened to a sense of the great advantage an enemy would gain by the control of this point, the en ervation of peace (we can assign no other reasonable cause) had rendered them too apathetic to make any decided opposition to the invasion. As the work was first erected, it was a small wooden fort, scarcely strong enough to resist the weakest artillery ; but it was added to and strengthened during the successive years until, in 1755, it contained space for five or six hundred men. It was ¦called by the French Fort St. Frederic. Thirty men only formed the first French garrison at this point. In the mean time, also, the English settlements were still gradually drawing nearer the Champlain Valley, that " gateway of the country " which the French were so insidiously fortifying and colonizing. As early as 1673 the settlement •of Northfield, Mass., was commenced, followed soon after by that of Deerfield. As late as 1723 these towns were still the frontiers of Massachusetts in the vicinity of the Connecticut. On the 27th of December of that year, in order to more effectually secure the safety of the inhabitants here, the General Court of the Province of Massachusetts Bay voted that " it will be of great service to all the western frontiers, both in this and in the neighboring government of Connecticut, to build a block-house above Northfield, in the most convenient place on the lands called ' the equivalent lands,' and to post in it forty able men, English and Western Indians, to be employed in scouting at a good distance up the Connecticut River, West River, Otter Creek and sometimes eastwardly, above Great Monadnuck, for the discovery of the enemy coming toward any of the frontier towns, and so much of the said equivalent lands as shall be nec essary for a block-house be taken up with the consent of the owners of the said land, together with five or six acres of their interval land, to be broken up or 1 Chimney Point was called by the French Point k la Chevelure. It is a curious fact that at this time there were two small islands just opposite the point, all traces of which have long since passed away. One of these islands lay directly west of the point, the other a little north, against Hospital Creek. They were called by the French Aux Boiteux. 58 History of Addison County. plowed for the present use of the Western Indians, in case any of them shall think fit to bring their families hither." To fulfill the conditions of this vote a site was chosen in the southeastern part of the present town of Brattleboro, just south of the village, upon what is now known as the Brooks farm. Colonel John Stoddard, of Northampton, was ordered by Governor Dummer to superintend the building of the block-house, the immediate oversight of the work being committed to Lieutenant Timothy Dwight, who, with a competent force, consisting of "four carpenters, twelve soldiers with narrow axes, and two teams," commenced operations on the 3d of February, 1 724. Before summer had begun the fort was so near completed as to be habitable, and was named Fort Dummer, in honor of Sir William Dummer, then lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts. This was the embryo of the first permanent civilized settlement, and the first of any kind by Anglo- Saxons, in the territory now included within the limits of Vermont. In 1739 quite a settlement had been begun in the present town of Westminster, and, about this time, another in the present town of Putney. The smothered flame of rivalry and jealousy in the Old World broke out anew in 1 744, when war was again declared between England and France. In the autumn of the following year (1745) an expedition was fitted out at Mon treal for the purpose of proceeding against the Connecticut River settlements. Having proceeded up the lake as far as Crown Point (or Fort St. Frederic), its commander, M. Marin, was met by Father Piquet, a French prefet apostolique, who induced him to change his purpose. Accordingly the expedition pro ceeded on up the lake, then crossed over to the Hudson and destroyed Lydius's lumber establishment on the site of Fort Edward, and then passed on to the thriving settlement of Saratoga, which they utterly destroyed, only one family escaping massacre or imprisonment. AU through the summer of 1 746 small detachments of French soldiers and their Indian allies were dispatched from Montreal, and, proceeding to Fort St. Frederic, halted long enough to make the necessary preparations, and then set out upon the trails leading to the scattered English settlements in the vicinity of Albany and westward along the Mohawk River Terror and rapine reigned supreme. Still the English government displayed the same apathy and dila- toriness in coming to the aid of the distressed settlers that it had in allowing the French fortifications to be erected on Lake Champlain. In 1747 the same methods were employed by the French, only that each succeeding attack seemed to be actuated by a deeper intent of murder and rapine than the one preceding. The English settlers and their Iroquois allies displayed great brav ery, but were too greatly outnumbered in concentrated forces to be even able . to successfully protect their lives and property. In October, 1 748, however, the hatchet was once more buried. The Eu ropean powers signed a new treaty of peace at Aix-la-Chapelle, which it was Advancing Settlements. 59 hoped would prove permanent. Quite the contrary was its reality, however, for hollow and insincere in the Old World, its tenure was scarcely observed at all in the New. Continued alarm and occasional attacks resulted in decided measures for protection in 1754, while two years later. May 18, 1756, England issued a formal declaration of war against France, a course made necessary for the protection of her American colonies, and which was reciprocated by France on the 9th of June. In 1755 a campaign was organized, the fourth division of which was to proceed against Crown Point. This effort was entrusted to General William Johnson, with a force of 2,850 men. To oppose him the French sent General Dieskau with 3,000 men to Crown Point At Lake George Johnson was met by the French, and though he defeated them and took their commander pris oner, he made no attempt on the objective point. In the following year (1756) the French began fortifications at Ticonderoga, and Crown Point became of secondary importance. All through the war one of the principal objects of the British was an effective descent on Canada, and hence each year an expedition was set on foot to proceed with a large force through Lake Champlain. Disgraceful failure attended them all, however, until the expedition under General Amherst in 1759. In 1758 more efficiency was given to the war by the appointment of William Pitt to the ministry of Eng land. General Abercrombie was that year appointed to command the expe dition against the French forts on Lake Champlain, and prosecuted the enter prise with much more vigor than his predecessors. He advanced as far as Ticonderoga and made a violent assault on the fort, but meeting with utter defeat at the hands of the brave Montcalm, he retreated with heavy loss. In 1759 General Amherst, commander-in-chief of the British forces in America, took command of an expedition, reached Ticonderoga and without much oppo sition captured the fort on the 27th of July. Before he reached Crown Point the French garrison had burned their forts on both sides of the lake and aban doned them. This victory was followed, two months later, by the capture of Quebec, and England at once began the erection of those stupendous fortifi cations on Crown Point described on a previous page. In the spring of 1760 the French, descending from Montreal, tried to re capture Quebec, but after winning a battle near the city, were driven off by a British squadron. Four months later (September, 1760) three English armies, advancing respectively from Oswego, Quebec and Crown Point, were concentrated before Montreal. Resistance to this overwhelming force was out of the question. The French governor at once surrendered, not only the city, but all of Canada. This practically ended the war, though the treaty of peace was not signed until February 10, 1763, at Paris; this ceded the whole prov ince of Canada to King George III of Great Britain. Thus ended the French regime. 6o History of Addison County. During the years that the French had nominally held the territory in the vicinity of Lake Champlain, the authorities had granted seigniories to favorite nobles and officers, and smaller tracts to others, including much of the land on both sides of the lake. In the present territory of Addison county, however, these grants were not so numerous as in the territory farther north. English and Indian grants to private parties also had been made, extending into the region under consideration. On the 20th of July, 1764, the British government decided upon the forty- fifth degree of latitude as the boundary line between the provinces of New York and Quebec. And when the French grantees applied for a confirmation of their grants on the lake, it was decided that all such grants south of the said forty-fifth degree were null and void, having been made with no legal right. The French village of Hocquart, established on the lake shore at Chimney Point, in 1730, had advanced to considerable proportions when its inhabitants fled before the victorious Amherst. In 1 749 it was visited by Kalm, the Swed ish naturalist, who subsequently says of it : "I found quite a settlement, a stone wind-mill and fort in one, with five or six small cannon mounted ; the whole enclosed by embankments. Within the enclosure was a neat church, and through the settlement well cultivated gardens, with some good fruit, as apples, plums, currants, etc." During the next ten years " these settlements were extended north on the lake some four miles ; the remains of old cellars and gardens still to be seen show a more thickly settled street than occupies it now."i These buildings were burned by the Mohawks in 1760, and upon their site was begun the first permanent settlement in Addison county. During these long years of war, detachments of both armies were often marched and counter-marched over the territory now included within the limits of Vermont. The rank and file of the American army, too, it must be remem bered, were largely made up of those and their descendants who had come to America to woo a living from her virgin soil. With this fact in view it is not strange, then, that not a few, while on the weary march or solitary scout, should mentally mark localities in the charming valley of the Champlain or on the broad intervales of Otter Creek as a site for their future homes. Indeed, such is the preface to the unwritten history of hundreds of Vermont's most flourish ing farms of to-day. It is little wonder, then, that with the dawn of peace, with the country to the north transformed from a hostile to a friendly neigh bor, with the fear of the bloody tomahawk and scalping-knife removed, these lands should be eagerly sought by pioneers. But while anticipating the ad vent of the pioneer settler and the mists that should enshroud the title to his land, let us retrace our steps and take up the thread of our narrative a few years back. 1 Hon. John Strong, in his His. Gaz., Vol. I, 3. Civil Divisions. 6i CHAPTER V CIVIL DIVISIONS. Controversy between Vermont and New Hampshire — Boundaries Established by Royal Decree — Early Settlements in the Territory of Addison County — The Controversy between the New Hampshire Grants and New York — Injustice of the Claims of New York — Details of the Controversy as they Relate to Addison County. FOR a period of sixteen years there was a controversy between the authori ties of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, relative to the boundary line between those provinces, and a contest kept up in regard to the control of the territory in the vicinity of Fort Dummer and that on the opposite side of the Connecticut River in Hinsdale. Finally, on the 5th of March, 1740, King George III decreed that the line between New Hampshire and Massachusetts should be surveyed in accordance with certain special instructions, and in 1741 the line was run by Richard Hazen, and found to leave Hinsdale and Fort Dummer to the north thereof; whereupon the king recommended to the As sembly of New Hampshire to care for and protect the settlers about Fort Dummer. During this year, also, Benning Wentworth was commissioned gov ernor of New Hampshire, and from the above royal recommend naturally sup posed that the king recognized the jurisdiction of New Hampshire as extend ing to the same point west as Massachusetts ; namely, a point twenty miles east of the Hudson River. Accordingly, on the application of William Will iams and sixty-one others, January 3, 1749, he chartered a township six miles square, in what he conceived to be the southwestern corner of New Hampshire. This township was named Bennington, after the governor himself, the first town in Verinont to receive a royal charter. The troublous times culminating in the last French war, as we have shown, precluded all idea of pioneer settlements, and, in 1754, resulted in driving off all those that had attempted such settlement. But at the close of hostilities the lands were sought so eageriy by adventurers, speculators and settlers, that in a single year subsequent to 1 760, Governor Wentworth granted, in the name of King George III, not less than sixty townships of six miles square, and two years later the number of such grants amounted to one hundred and thirty- eight. In that year (i 761) all the towns in the present territory of Addison county were chartered by him, except as follows : Ferrisburgh, Monkton and Pocock (now Bristol) were chartered in 1762 ; OrweU and Whiting in August, 1763 ; while Panton was rechartered on the 3d of November, 1764, being the last within the territory granted by the governor. As we have previously stated, the site of the old French settlement on the shore of the lake in the towns of Addison and Panton became the site of the first English settlement. In the spring of 1765 Zadock Everest, David Val- 62 History of Addison County. lance, and a Mr. Ward came on from Connecticut and began a clearing about three miles north of Chimney Point, and in the following September were joined by John Strong, who built a dwelling, selecting the foundation of an old French house for the site, being the first dwelling built by an English set tler in the vicinity of Lake Champlain, and where Mr. Strong afterward lived and died. The party returned to Connecticut, and in February, 1766, Strong returned with his family, consisting of a wife and three children — Asa, Sally and Polly. In May Zadock Everest, David Vallance, John Chipman, and six others with their families, came on by the way of Otter Creek. Chipman lo cated in Middlebury, while the others kept on, some locating in Addison and others in Panton. As early as 1763, as we have stated. Governor Wentworth had granted as many as one hundred and thirty-eight townships of six miles square, lying west of the Connecticut, and the population in the territory, which had now come to be known as the New Hampshire Grants, had become quite large. This prosperity and growing power could not fail to attract the serious attention of the neighboring province of New York. Accordingly, during that year (1763) Lieutenant-Governor Tryon, of that province, laid claim to the territory by virtue of the grant made by Charles II to the Duke of York in 1664, which, as stated on a previous page, included " all the land from the west side of Con necticut River to the east side of Delaware Bay." Finally, on the apphcation ofthe government of New York, it was decided by George III, in council of July 10, 1764, that the "western bank of the Connecticut River should there after be regarded as the boundary line between the province of New York and province ofNew Hampshire." The colonists of the grants were surprised and displeased at this decision, but peaceably submitted to it, supposing that it merely effected a change of the jurisdiction to which they were subject ; and the government of New Hamp shire, which at first remonstrated, soon acquiesced in the decision. But on the loth of April, 1765, Governor Colden issued a proclamation, giving a copy of the order of the king changing the boundary of the territory, and notifying "his majesty's subjects to govern themselves accordingly." He also at once proceeded to grant the lands to other than the New Hampshire claimants, and when the latter applied to the New York government for a confirmation of the grants they already held, such enormous patent fees were demanded as to make it impossible for them to comply. It was well known in New York that these lands had long been granted by New Hampshire ; that they were actually occupied under such grants, and that the new patents were procured in utter disregard of the rights and claims of the settlers. It was also well known by them that the king, in commissioning Benning Wentworth governor of New Hampshire, had described his province as reaching westward " until it met his other governments ; '' thus bounding it Civil Divisions. 63 westerly by New York ; and that the easterly boundary of New York was a line twenty miles easterly from the Hudson River, extending from Lake Cham plain south to the western line of Massachusetts, was proved by statements in the charter of the Duke of York, upon his accession to the throne of England in 1685. But notwithstanding all this. New York insisted that not only was the jurisdiction changed thenceforward, but also that the grants made were vacated, and that the titles acquired under them were made void. The settlers were required to repurchase their lands, which some of them did, though the major ity of them peremptorily refused. The lands of such were granted to others, who brought actions of ejectment in the New York courts, where they invari ably obtained judgments against the original proprietors. In 1769 the king prohibited the governor of New York from issuing any more grants " until his majesty's further pleasure should be made known." Meanwhile civil disturbances and open defiance to the New York authorities continued to such an extent that, in 1774, a law was passed by that province, ordering the surrender of all offenders, under the penalty of death. In reply, the people of the grants returned a public letter, threatening death to any who should aid in arresting any of her citizens. About this time a plan was made for the formation of a royal province ; but the Revolutionary War soon joined the two provinces in a common cause, and their personal quarrel was gradually swallowed up by the greater trouble. The personal encounters in the county's territory brought about by this controversy were few but vigorous. As their history is concisely stated in the sketch of the county prefixed to Samuel Swift's History of Middlebury , we quote his version as follows : " Colonel Reid, of a Royal Highland regiment, had received from the gov ernment of New York a grant of land, as a reduced or half-pay officer, on Otter Creek, including the falls at Vergennes, whose tenants had been dispossessed in August, 1772, by Ira Allen and others. This occurred while the agents, who had been appointed by the inhabitants of Bennington, at the request of Governor Tryon, were in a negotiation with the Governor and Council, which resulted in the conciliatory measures by them adopted. This proceeding, when it came to the knowledge of Governor Tryon, so irritated him that he wrote a severe letter to the 'inhabitants of Bennington and the adjacent country,' charging them with a ' breach of faith and honor made by a body of your people, in dispossessing several settlers on Otter Creek,' at the very time the negotiations were going on and requiring their ' assistance in putting forthwith those families who have been dispossessed into repossession of the lands and tenements.' "The following is the substance of the answer of the committee of 'Ben nington and adjacent country' to this letter, signed by Ethan Allen, clerk, on the 25th of August, 1772, in explanation of the proceedings complained of. 64 History of Addison County. The people having noticed that ' Mr. Cockburn, a noted surveyor,' had taken ' a tour through the northerly parts of the New Hampshire grants' (on Onion River) ' to survey and make locations on lands' which had been granted by New Hampshire, ' rallied a small party and pursued and overtook him and his party, and in their pursuit passed the towns of Panton and New Haven, near the mouth of Otter Creek, dispossessed Colonel Reid of a saw-miU in said Panton, which by force,' and without right ' he had taken from the original owners more than three years before, and did, at the same time, extend his force, ter rors and threats into the town of New Haven,' ' who so terrified the inhabitants (which were about twelve in number) that they left their possessions and farms to the conqueror and escaped with the skin of their teeth.' ' Colonel Reid, at the same time, and with the same force, did take possession of one hundred and thirty saw logs and fourteen thousand feet of pine boards,' and converted them to their own use. In 1769 a man by the name of Pangborn built a saw mill, and a few claimants under the New Hampshire Grants were in possession of the land in that year. After they were driven off Reid's men built a grist mill. The committees also deny that there was any breach of faith, as the re sult of the negotiations between Governor Tryon and the delegates from Ben nington was not known at the time, and the agents were not authorized to complete any arrangements, so as to be binding on the people of the grants, until ratified by them. They also promptly refused to obey the governor's requisition to afford assistance in restoring Colonel Reid's men to the posses sion of the lands ; and thus ended the result of the negotiations for conciHatory measures between the parties in 1772. "The latter part of June, or the fore part of July, 1773, Colonel Reid en gaged several Scotch emigrants, lately arrived at New York, to settle on his lands, of which he had been dispossessed, as above mentioned, and went with them to Otter Creek. On entering upon the lands they found several persons settled on them claiming title under the New Hampshire charters ; one of them was Joshua Hyde, who afterwards removed to Middlebury and settled in the south part of that town. Colonel Reid, in some way, got rid of these tenants and entered into possession of the mills and lands claimed by him. The Green Mountain Boys learning this fact, Allen, Warner and Baker, with a strong force, consisting, as represented by the Scotch tenants, of more than one hun dred men well armed, marched for Otter Creek, and on the i ith day of Au gust appeared on the ground, drove off the Scotchmen, burned their houses and other buildings, tore down the mill, which, it was said. Colonel Reid had lately built, broke the mill-stones in pieces and threw them down the falls. John Cameron, one of the Scotch tenants, in his affidavit as to the manner in which they went into possession under Colonel Reid, states ' that the persons' (the tenants in possession) ' did agree voluntarily to remove from Colonel Reid's land till the king's pleasure should be known, provided Colonel Reid Civil Divisions. 65 would purchase their whole crops then on the ground, that they might not lose their labor, which Colonel Reid consented to do, and paid them the full value for it accordingly.' The affidavit also states ' that the deponent was much surprised to see among the rioters, Joshua Hyde, one of the three men who had entered into a written obhgation with Colonel Reid not to return again, and to whom Colonel Reid, on that account, had paid a sum of money for crops.' " A tract of ' three thousand acres of land on the east bank of Lake Cham plain, within a mile and a quarter of the fort there,' was granted under the great seal of the Province of New York, ' to David Wooster, of New Haven, in the colony of Connecticut, esquire, being a captain on half pay, reduced from his majesty's fifty-first regiment' This tract was in the north part of Addison and probably extended into a part of Panton. In his deposition laid before the Governor and Council, dated February 20, 1773, he states, among other things, that 'on visiting these lands' (in 1767 or 1768) 'he found five famihes which had been lately settled ;' ' some of them, pretending to have no right at ah, promised to leave his lands. The others the deponent then served ejectments on, which issued out ofthe inferior Courts of Common Pleas of Al bany. Whereupon they also submitted, and desired the deponent to give them leases of part of said lands, which this deponent consented to do ; gave them permission to remain on the lands, acknowledging him to be their landlord, until it was convenient for him to return and give them leases in form.' He states, also, ' that in the month of September preceding, he went to his lands in order to give leases to the settlers,' and ' that upon the deponent's arrival on his lands the settlers thereon and others, collected in a body about thirteen in number, when the deponent offered those who had settled on his lands leases, which they absolutely refused to accept on any terms whatever, but declared that they would support themselves there by force of arms, and that they would spill their blood before they would leave the said lands.' Whereupon, 'being well armed with pistols,' he ' proceeded to serve two declarations in ejectment on two principal ring-leaders,' ' notwithstanding they continued their fire-locks presented against him during the whole time ; that after the deponent had served the said ejectments, they declared with one voice that they would not attend any court in the Province of New York, nor would be concluded by any law in New York respecting their lands.' " The continuation and final close of the controversy with New York, subse quent to the Revolutionary War, will be treated in another chapter. ee History of Addison County. CHAPTER VI. THE TIDE OF REVOLUTION. The Trials of Vermont as a State — Settlements in the Several Towns Previous to the War of the Revolution — Resume of the Principal Events of the War as Related to Addison County — Captures of Prisoners— Close of the War — Vermont's Admission to the Union — Latest Events in the Controversy with New York. WHILE the great quarrel with the mother country partially stayed the current of the land title controversy, it was still through a double revo lution that Vermont, as an independent commonwealth, struggled into exist ence — as stubborn resistance against what the people of the grants beheved to be the tyranny of New York, and resistance against the tyranny of England, Few of the events of those " days which tried men's souls," however, can be properly said to constitute a part of the history of Addison county. Only a few permanent settlements had been made within its limits. " It is said that James Mcintosh, a Scotchman, commenced settlement in territory now a part of the city of Vergennes, in the year i ^et ; and other settlements were made on the creek above the faUs in New Haven, now Waltham, as early as 1769, Colonel John Chipman in i "jQ^ made a small clearing on his farm in Middle bury, but did not return to it with his family until 1773 ; and in the latter year several other families were settled in that town. It is said that in the charter limits of Middlebury there were thirteen families, and in that part of Cornwall afterwards annexed to Middlebury eight families, before the war. Colonel Philip Stone commenced preparations for a settlement on the border of the lake in Bridport in 1768, and several other families were settled in that town before the war. John Chartier, also, commenced some improvements on the south end of Mount Independence, in Orwell, some years before the war, but no permanent settlements, we believe, were made in that town till after the war. As stated on a previous page, John Strong, Zadock Everest, David Vallance, Benjamin KeUogg and probably a few others had made preparations for a set tlement on the borders of the lake in Addison in 1765, and took possession with their families in 1766.^ . . A few other families were settled there be fore the struggle for independence began. The first settlements, by families, in Whiting and Leicester, were in 1773 ; in Cornwall and Monkton in 1774; in Weybridge in 1775. In no other towns in the county had permanent set tlements been made at that time ; and in the towns mentioned the number of families was small." " On the 19th of April, 1775, the first blood of the Revolution was shed at 1 There is a tradition that Peter Ferris settled on the lake shore in Panton in 1765, coining through the forest on horseback with his wife and infant son. Squire, from Bennington county. 2 .Swift's History of Middlebury, pp. 80 and 81. The Tide of Revolution. 6j Lexington. Less than twenty days later. May 7, a brave band of men num bering two hundred and seventy (ah but forty-six being " Green Mountain Boys") had assembled at Castleton with Ethan Allen, subsequently to march on to the strong fortresses at Ticonderoga and Crown Point ; then came Ben edict Arnold upon the scene, claiming command of the expedition — the re fusal of the volunteers to march under any commander save Allen — Arnold's sullen acceptance of second place. Hastily following this scene comes the de mand of the stern old hero for the surrender of the fortress at Ticonderoga, and his immortal response to Captain de la Place, when asked by what authority the demand was made : " By the authority of the great Jehovah and the Con tinental Congress ! " Allen, in his own graphic account, speaks of this event as follows : " The authority of the Congress being very little known at the time, he [De la Place] began to speak again ; but I interrupted him, and with drawn sword over his head again demanded an immediate surrender of the garrison, with which he then complied, and ordered his men to be forthwith paraded without arms, as he had given up the garrison. In the mean time some of my officers had given orders and in consequence thereof sundry of the barrack doors were beat down, and about one-third of the garrison imprisoned, which consisted of the said commander, Lieutenant Feltham, a conductor of artillery, a gunner, two ser geants and forty-four rank and file, about one hundred pieces of cannon, one thirteen-inch mortar, and a number of swivels. This surprise was carried into execution in the gray of the morning of the lOth of May, 1775. The sun seemed to rise on that morning with a superior luster, and Ticonderoga and its dependencies smiled to its conquerors, who tossed about the flowing bowl and wished success to Congress and the liberty and freedom of America. Happy it was for me, at that time, that those future pages of the book of fate, which afterwards unfolded a miserable scene of two years and eight months' imprison ment, were hid from my view." The successful issues of Allen's other well-planned measures are familiar to ah. Crown Point surrendered on the following day, with its entire armament and its small garrison of twelve men. Herrick made his capture of Skenes- borough, with Skene and his forces, besides several boats and a trading schooner This success was crowned by the capture of two dispatch boats by Baker, which had been sent from Crown Point with the news of the fall of Ticonderoga. Amos Callandar was detached with a party to the fort at the head of Lake George, whence he soon after conducted the prisoners to Hart ford. The forts, so boldly taken, secured immunity against danger to the settlers here so long as they remained in the hands of the Americans ; but on the 6th of July, 1777, came the retreat of the whole garrison before the advance of Burgoyne. The subsequent battle of Hubbardton, and still later that of Ben- 68 History of Addison County. nington, indeed all of the events of this great war, are too familiar subjects of general history to require detailed mention here. After the retreat of the American troops from the disastrous expedition into Canada in 1776, and especially after General Burgoyne, in 1777, with his formidable army came up the lake, sweeping away every resistance before him, a large proportion of the settlers of Vermont deserted their farms and removed to places of greater safety at the south. The lake and its forts being in pos session of the English, the whole country lying opposite was exposed to marauding and foraging parties of British, Indians and Tories, who plundered and carried off such movable property as was left behind and desired by them ; and in 1777, while the British were in quiet possession ofthe forts, before the surrender of Burgoyne in October of that year, several of the men were taken captives ; and such as remained in captivity until the occurrence of that event were then released. But the most serious and extensive depredations on the inhabitants of the county were committed in the fall of 1778. In the early part of November a large British force came up the lake in several vessels and thoroughly scoured the country on both sides. Such of the settlers as had the temerity to remain on their farms until that time were taken prisoners, their property of every description was burned and destroyed, and their women and children left to take care of themselves as best they could, in their houseless and destitute con dition. Not a town in the county, where any settlements had been made, escaped their ravages. The only building in Middlebury not wholly destroyed, except two or three in the southeast part of the town, which they seem not to have found, was a barn of Colonel John Chipman which had been lately built of green timber This they could not set on fire, and tried in vain with their imperfect tools to cut down. It IS said that two hundred and forty-four captives were taken in the vicin ity of the lake during that autumn, forty-four of whom were brought back in June, 1782, and exchanged as prisoners of war at Whitehall. Mention of many of these captures will be found in the chapters devoted to the history of the several towns. The surrender of Cornwalhs, at Yorktown, October 17, 1781, virtually put an end to the war, though it was not until the 19th of April, 1783, that, by order of General Washington, a proclamation announcing a close of hostilities with England was read in all the camps of the patriots. The war had ceased, although the formal ratification of the treaty of peace did not occur till Sep tember 3 of that year The " Green Mountain Boys," except for the family trouble with New York, were once more enjoying the blessings of peace. In 1789 New York acknowledged the independence of Vermont and endeavored to adjust all matters of dispute, having previously made grants to those who had suffered by adhering to her allegiance, while Vermont, in turn, paid into The Tide of Revolution. 69 the treasury of New York thirty thousand dollars. On the 4th of March, 1 79 1, Vermont was admitted as one ofthe Federal States, with the full rights and immunities belonging thereto. A brief reference should be made to the later events in the great contro versy with New York, which continued beyond the date of Great Britain's submission to the American arms. As previously stated, Vermont declared her independence at a convention held at Westminster on the 15th day of January, 1777! this convention was composed of delegates from all of the counties, and the formal declaration was adopted, "That the district of territory known by the name and description of the New Hampshire Grants, of right ought to be, and is hereby declared forever hereafter to be considered as a free and independent jurisdiction or state, by the name of New Connecticut, alias Vermont" At a later meeting, June 4, it was resolved that the State should be called Vermont. Another convention of delegates met at Windsor July 2, 1777, and adopted a constitution and took other steps towards perfecting the State government, and appointed a committee of safety for temporary purposes. This session was closed in haste when the news of Burgoyne's invasion reached the locality. On this account notice of the meeting of the Legislature and election was not given. The convention was again called together, the consti tution revised, and the second Thursday of March, 1778, appointed for the meeting of the Assembly. " Against all these proceedings the New York government sent to Congress their remonstrances. On the other hand, the Green Mountain Boys continued to urge their claims to be acknowledged as an independent State, and to be admitted into the Union. They claimed that, in declaring their independence, they only imitated the example of the Continental Congress ; that the colonies were oppressed by the British government, and they had been oppressed by the British government. ... As early as the 15th of May, 1776, and before the declaration of American independence, the Continental Con gress, recognizing the disordered state of the country, and the propriety of a legal organization before the adoption of such declaration, had ' Resolved, that it be recommended to the respective assemblies and conventions of the United Colonies, where no government, sufficient to the exigencies of their affairs, has been hitherto established, to adopt such government as shall, in the opinion of the representatives of the people, best conduce to the happiness and the safety of their constituents in particular, and America in general.' But Congress was placed in an embarrassing position, ' between two fires.' They saw the danger of irritating either party. Their proceedings were, therefore, vacillating in the extreme." ^ Meanwhile Vermont continued to adopt measures to perfect her State gov ernment ; the settlement of the State was progressing and the inhabitants were 1 Swift's History of Middlebury, page 77. 70 History of Addison County. becoming satisfied with the existing order of things, while the claims of New York became correspondingly hopeless and the sympathizers with them more uncomfortable. Vermont extended her jurisdiction and authority over all her inhabitants alike, the adherents to New York as well as others. In the year 1779 there were still many persons in Windham county who adhered to the claims of New York. These were taxed and drafted into service, the same as were others ; some acquiesced in this order of things without resistance, while in other instances stringent measures were adopted to bring them to terms. At the session of the Vermont Legislature of February, 1781, "a general act of amnesty in favor of such persons " as had opposed its authority was passed ; upon which those persons submitted to the authority of the State and took an oath of allegiance. But the same persons and those who sympathized with them subsequently raised a formidable opposition to the recruiting of quotas of men in the several towns for the defense of the northern frontier, as ordered by the Legislature. For the purpose of abetting this opposition the New York government appointed several of the disaffected persons to civil and military offices, and they attempted to exercise the New York laws and authority over citizens of the State. Upon this Ethan Allen, at the head of a military force, was sent by the governor " to assist the sheriff of Windham county in the exe cution of the laws." The sheriff and more than a hundred others, civil and military officers and privates, were arrested and brought before the courts, and five of them were sentenced to banishment and confiscation of property, and others to fines and imprisonment These acts led to new appeals from Governor Clinton to Congress for speedy interference. That body on the 5th of December, 1782, adopted reso lutions severely condemning the action in Vermont, and requiring the people of that State " without delay to make full and ample restitution to Timothy Church, Timothy Phelps, Henry Evans, William Shattuck, and such others as have been condemned to banishment, or confiscation of estate, or have been otherwise deprived of property," etc. These resolutions were spiritedly an swered by Governor Chittenden, denying the authority of Congress in the mat ter, and the General Assembly also adopted a letter to Congress of a similar tenor. These were among the last acts of interference in the affairs of Vermont by either Congress or the New York government The Legislature of the last- named State in March, 1786, made the compensation which Vermont had re fused to the sufferers above mentioned. At length, on the 15th day of July, 1789, the Legislature of New York gave up the hopeless contest, passed an act appointing commissioners with full power to acknowledge the independ ence of Vermont and settle all existing controversies. On the 22d of October following Vermont appointed like commissioners. On the 7th of October, 1790, these commissioners agreed upon the State boundaries and terms of set- From the Revolution to the Present Time. 71 tlement ; the terms embodied the payment to New York of thirty thousand dollars, as stated, upon which all claims to jurisdiction on the part of New York should cease. On the loth of January, 1791, a convention of delegates, chosen for the purpose, passed a resolution " approving, assenting to and ratifying " the constitution of the United States, and on the i Sth day of February of that year Congress passed an act " that on the 4th day of March " following " the State of Vermont shall be received and admitted into the Union as a new mem ber ofthe United States of America." CHAPTER VII. FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THB PRESENT TIME. The Beneficent Reign of Peace — •Advance of Settlements — The Second War with Great Britain — Its Chief Causes — Effects jin Addison County — Defense of the Mouth of Otter Creek — The Battle of Plattsburgh — Local Effects of the War — The " Cold Summer " — Agricult ural Pursuits Early in the Century — The First Newspaper — The Panic of IS37-38 — The Rail road Bra — The Period of Prosperity Preceding the CivU War. SETTLEMENTS advanced and general prosperity was inaugurated through out Western Vermont during the period immediately following the decla ration of peace between Great Britain and the United States, and particularly after the final settlement of the difficulties with her sister State of New York. This reigri of peace and prosperity was, however, to be once more disturbed by the mutterings of war on the border of the State, which for a time checked her growth. The ca.uses which led to the second war with Great Britain are well under stood, and a brief reference to them and to the events which transpired in this immediate vicinity wiU serve the purpose of these pages. Causes of complaint against the mother country had existed for several years, and as early as 1809 led to the passage by Congress of a law interdicting all commercial intercourse with Great Britain. On the 3d of April, 181 2, Congress laid an embargo on all shipping within the jurisdiction of the United States for ninety days, and on the I Sth of June following an act was passed declaring war with Great Britain. The principal causes which led to the adoption of this measure were declared to be the impressment of American seamen by the British, and the plundering of American commerce. On the assembling of the Vermont Legislature in October, the governor, Jonas Galusha, in his message urged the members to second the measure of the general government, and provide means for defending the borders and for ¦sustaining the national rights and honor. The Assembly majority concurred in the sentiments thus expressed, while a minority entered a protest. A law was 72 History of Addison County. passed prohibiting all intercourse between the people of Vermont and Canada, without a permit from the governor, under penalty of $i,ooo fine and seven years' confinement at hard labor in the State prison. A tax of one cent per acre was laid on the lands of the State, in addition to the usual assessments, and other acts were passed relating to the payment of the militia. These regulations proving oppressive to the people, many of the supporters ofthe war went over to the opposition. As the election of 1813 approached, both parties exerted their utmost endeavor to preserve their ascendency. No governor was elected by the people. The Legislature elected a governor whose opinions were in direct opposition to the war. The laws relating to the sup port of, and providing ways and means for, the war were repealed. The party spirit ran so high that opponents branded each other with opprobrious epithets. The impartial administration of justice was endangered. Opposition to the measures of the government became so strong that the laws of Congress, especiaUy the act relating to customs duties, were treated as a nullity, and so general became the practice of smuggling cattle and other supplies into Canada and bringing out goods of English manufacture in return, that it was regarded less as a crime than as a justifiable act. The people of Addison county were in no degree behind those of other sec tions of the State, nearer to the scenes of actual hostility, in the virulence and bitterness of their political animosities. So far was the question of peace or war with England carried into the political contests between the rival parties, that it became the chief topic of contention and the source of the bitterest en mity. Families and friends were separated and stood in hostile array against each other ; a man's politics constituted his passport or his mark of rejection at his neighbor's door, and matters reached such a pitch that the dread of civil commotion hung heavily on the minds of the more considerate portion of the community. Men of prominence in the political field were arrayed against each other on the question of war or peace, and in the wake of the leaders followed the masses, lending the influence of acts and speech to one side or the other. Rumors of every nature were abroad. The news was disseminated with almost telegraphic rapidity, flying from town to town by express riders and speeding from one scattered settlement to another, throughout Western Vermont. Notwithstanding this hostility, even up to the brink of civil war, the spirit of patriotism and devotion to the Union burned in every soul with its accus tomed fervor All were ready when the hour of trial came to defend the country with their lives, if necessary, from external foes ; and when the British army and fleet moved out of Canada to Plattsburgh, to crush our defenses there and invade the soil of a sister State, that moment the bitterness and clamor of party were hushed and, so far as the grounds of contention were concerned, hushed forever. From the Revolution to the Present Time. 73 On that occasion the people of Addison county, without distinction of party and in common with the people of adjacent counties, volunteered their services to repel the common enemy. With such weapons as they had at command they hurried from their homes, and within a few days after the first alarm were on their way to join their New York friends on the banks of the Saranac. But few of the volunteers from this county reached Plattsburgh, as the news of the battle and the decisive American victory met them on their way, and they quietly returned to their homes and disbanded. Addison county occupied a conspicuous position in the War of 1S12. Ver gennes was looked upon as a very important point for the defense of the bor der, if the State should be invaded, as well as being admirably situated with relation to the lake for a fleet headquarters. The mouth of Otter Creek was fortified with breastworks and a detachment of troops posted there. This po sition was attacked by the British flotiha on the loth of May, 18 14, the attack ing fleet comprising five sail and eight row galleys ; but they were repulsed without loss to the Americans. The force of the latter consisted of only one hundred and ninety men, commanded by Captain Thornton, of the artillery, and Lieutenant Cassin, of the navy. Vergennes ^ was an early ship-building point of importance, and it was here that MacDonough's fleet was fitted out, consisting of the brig Eagle, the schooner Ticonderoga, and the ship Saratoga, which were to win such a glorious victory on the beautiful lake. Into the details of the chief events of the War of 1 8 1 2 it is not the province of this work to enter ; they are found on the pages of general history from many able pens. Many local incidents connected with the contest will be found detailed in the subsequent town histories. The battle of Plattsburgh was fought on the nth of September, 1814, and many Vermont men took part in it. A large number from the various towns of Addison county were enrolled and hurried to the front These particulars will be found in their proper place in the pages devoted to the town histories. After the battle of Plattsburgh nothing further occurred in this vicinity worthy of particular mention during the war. In October the Legislature as sembled. No governor had been elected by the people ; Martin Chittenden was accordingly again elected by a small majority. Many accusations were made against the governor, a number of which were presented from Rutland county, because the militia was not ordered out for the defense of Plattsburgh, instead of being called out as volunteers. He rephed that a call upon our patriotic citizens for their voluntary services was, in this case, considered to be the only method by which timely and efficient aid could be afforded. 1 During the period of non-intercourse with Great Britain manufacturing enterprises sprang up with great rapidity about the Falls of Vergennes, among which were a blast furnace, rolling-mill, grist mill, saw-mills and fulling-mills, wire factory and forges, aiid not less than one hundred and seventy- seven tons of shot were cast here during the war, (See history of Vergennes in later pages of this ¦work. ) 74 History of Addison County. The war had ceased ; the gloom which had hung over the people disap peared, and a general congratulation prevailed, as the soldiery returned to their homes as citizens, and again turned the implements of war into instruments of husbandry. The violence of party spirit declined ; the sentiment of the people became united, and the peaceful pursuits of business were renewed. Notwithstanding the naturally deleterious effect of this war upon the gen eral growth and prosperity of the county, these features were not entirely wanting. A glance at the census returns, however, wih perhaps give some idea of what the war meant In 1800 they show the county to have had a population of 13,417 souls, an increase of 5,810 during the preceding decade, and from iSooto iSio they show an increase of 6,575 ! but from 18 10 to 1820, which included the period of the war, the increase was only 476, while during the next decade, ending with 1830, the increase suddenly leaps again to 3,470 souls. While these latter figures show an era of growth (and we may add it was not alone in population, but in general thrift and prosperity), the two years immediately subsequent to that in which peace was declared, 181 6 and 18 17, by no means presaged this result. The county was exclusively a rural commu nity. Its citizens depended entirely upon the products of the soil not only for the luxuries, but for the necessaries of life. With the constant fear of hostile invasion removed, it was natural for them to look into the future with hope and confidence, and to expect a liberal return for their labor. But fate. Providence, or the elements willed it otherwise. The "cold summer of 18 16," as it is known, but really of two summers, 18 16 and 18 17, blighted nearly all crops in many parts of the State and caused great loss and considerable suffering. The following facts show what these seasons must have been for farmers in this region : On the 17th of May, 18 16, there was snow on the ground and the earth was frozen hard enough to bear the weight of a man. As late as June 4 apple trees were hardly in full bloom, while the 6th, says an old diary, was " very cold with snow-squalls — we think the coldest day we ever knew in June — men work with their great coats and woolen mittens on." On the morning ofthe loth ice half an inch thick was found in some localities. On the 29th of July the ground was covered with frost, and on October iS the snow was six inches deep. The following summer was less phenomenal for cold and frost, but still was sufficiently severe to nearly ruin crops. Great scarcity of provisions ensued and much suffering prevailed. Previous to the year 1820 the chief agricultural pursuits ofthe county were the production of wheat and cattle. A few Spanish Merino sheep had been brought into the territory by Horatio Seymour, Hallet Thorne, Daniel Chip- man, Zebulon Frost, and others, which were added to during the war with England, the high price of wool at that time having stimulated their produc tion ; but the price rapidly declined after the removal of the embargo, when From the Revolution to the Present Time. 75 the commerce of the country again became unrestricted. This decline in the value of wool had, naturally, a corresponding effect on the value of sheep, and most of these importations, if not all, became scattered and lost among the common flocks. In 1823 Charles Rich, of Shoreham, member of Congress for this district, with rare foresight laid the foundation of the first permanent flock of pure-bred Spanish Merino sheep in Addison county, they being purchased in company with Messrs. J. Beedie and E. Wright. The portion of the flock that went into the hands of Mr Beedie was extensively crossed with Saxony blood, and not many years after was broken up. The failure of wheat from the invasion of insects, together with the passage of the tariff act in 1 828, greatly stimulated the production of wool, and pure-bred flocks soon began to rapidly increase, both in numbers and quality, and the county soon attained the dis tinction it still bears, of " the banner sheep-producing county of the United States." In the mean time manufacturing interests had not been entirely neg lected, especiaUy in Middlebury and Vergennes, as will be detailed in the chap ters devoted to those towns. In 1 798 the first local newspaper made its appearance at Vergennes, an important event in the growth of any community. The Vergennes Gazette, published by Samuel Chipman, had a brief existence of only a few years, how ever, and from that time no newspaper was published there until 1S25, when Gamaliel Small commenced the Vermont Aurora, which, through several changes in title and proprietors, is continued in the Vergennes Vermonter of to day. In the mean time, beginning with 1801, several different papers made their appearance in Middlebury, details of which will be found in a future chapter The year 1830 was characterized by an unusual quantity of rain, the month of July witnessing one of the most general and destructive freshets ever known in the county. . By this freshet a number of lives were lost, and property, con sisting of mills, bridges, buildings and crops, was destroyed to the extent of many thousands of dollars. In New Haven and Bristol the loss of life and property was especially severe, for a detailed account of which we refer the reader to the pages devoted to those towns. In 1S37 occurred the great financial panic, when the currency system was deranged, confidence destroyed, business paralyzed, and the banks obliged to suspend specie payments from one end of the Union to the other, entailing distress and ruin throughout the land. Numerous causes united to produce this great disaster, the principal of which were the vast importations of foreign goods, the increase of trade upon borrowed capital, the unparalleled specula tions in public lands, the failure of the wheat crop, which rendered the impor tation of breadstuffs necessary, the removal of the deposits of public money from the United States Bank, and the effort of that bank to close its concerns. In Addison county, however, the results of this panic were comparatively little felt Though the county had three banks in operation — at Vergennes, Middle bury and Orwell, respectively — the wealth of its inhabitants was principally "je History of Addison County. invested in farms and live stock. To this fact, doubtless, and the remoteness from the great centers of trade and whirlpools of speculation, the county owed its escape from that unparalleled crisis. While the country was new and the settlers were engaged in clearing their lands, pot and pearl ashes were the staple articles for market, though lum bering was carried on to considerable extent. Up to the time of the opening ofthe Champlain and Hudson Canal in 1823, Quebec was the county's natural market, though Albany received a share ; but after that event Albany and New York became the markets for exports. FinaUy, beginning about the year 1843, the passion for railroad building was ushered in, rivaling that for turnpike con struction. On November i, 1843, the Legislature, among other railroad char ters, granted the " Champlain and Connecticut River Railroad Company" the privilege of building a road " from some point at Burlington, thence south wardly through the counties of Addison, Rutland, Windsor and Windham, to some point on the western bank of the Connecticut River" The first blow to wards the construction of this road was struck at Rockingham, near Bellows FaUs, in the month of February, 1847. In two years and nine months it was completed and was opened December 18, 1849. This gave comparatively convenient facilities for commerce with Boston, while the subsequent buUding of other roads has given the county ample facilities for rapid and convenient commercial connections with all of the great markets of the country. From this time down to 1861 we have no great or striking eras in the county's growth to record. A continuous period of growing prosperity and increasing wealth prevailed, during which time the population reached 24,010 souls. But the great cloud so long gathering broke on the fatal 1 2th of AprU of that year, whirling the county into the general storm — our great civU war CHAPTER VIII. ADDISON COUNTY IN THB WAR OF THB REBELLION. Patriotism of Vermont — The :Middlebury Light Guard — History of the First Regiment — The Second Regiment— Addison County Enlistments Therein — Career in the Field— The " Vermont Brigade " — The Fifth Regiment — The Sixth Regiment and its Addison County Members— Further History of the Vermont Brigade— Details of its Honorable Service — The Eleventh Regiment — The Seventh Regiment and its Relation to Addison County —Death of Colonel Roberts— The Ninth Regiment — First Vermont Cavalry — Its Formidable List of Engagements — First Battery — Nine Months Men — The Seventeenth and Fourteenth Regi ments — Statistics from the Various Towns of the County — Roster of Field and Staff Officers. NO State in the Union came out of the recent great struggle for the preser vation of our national government with greater glory or a more honorable record than Vermont. With almost unexampled promptitude and unselfish The War of the Rebellion. jj prodigality she sent her best blood to baptize the southern fields and languish in deadly prisons, and lavished her treasure in support of the noble cause, and to-day no one can do the memory of her heroes, dead and living, too much honor The sharp anguish of sudden loss of father, husband, or brother may have become softened by the kindly hand of time; but the vacant places around thousands of hearthstones are still there and must for many more years awaken mournful memories in innumerable hearts and bring the occasional tear to many an eye. Addison county felt the awful ravages of the war with as great severity as any other of similar population. No sooner did the first traitorous gun send its fateful shot upon Fort Sumter than her citizens aroused themselves to action for that energetic support of the government which never flagged until the last shot was fired against the old fiag. Of the 34,238 patriotic men who went to the front from this State, her quota was promptly and freely contributed, almost without a semblance of compulsion through conscription, and the most liberal measures were successively adopted for the payment of bounties and the aid of soldiers in the field and their families at home. The First Regim,ent. — When the first call of the president was issued for 75,000 men to serve three months, immediate steps were taken in this county to furnish volunteers. These measures resulted in the enlistment of nearly all of the rank and file of the old Middlebury Light Guard, then under command of Charles W. Rose. This company went into the First Regiment as Company I, with Eben S. Hayward as captain, Charles W. Rose, first lieutenant, and Orville W. Heath as second lieutenant There were many other enlistments in this regiment from other towns, -which wiU be found enumerated in the town histories. On the 13th of May the First Regiment arrived at Fortress Monroe from New York, at which city they arrived on the loth. On the 23d of May the regiment encamped at Hampton and on the 25 th received orders to embark the following morning on the gunboat Monticello for the James River Land ing was made the same day at Newport News, and the regiment began work on the fortifications at that point, continuing two weeks. On the loth of June occurred the battle of Big Bethel, in which five companies of the regiment, in cluding the Light Guards, were engaged. This was the first of the many oc casions when Vermont troops were under fire. The losses in killed and wounded in the First Regiment were forty-five The regiment remained at Newport News untU the expiration of its term, when it returned home and was mustered out at Brattleboro on the 15th of August, 1861. The Second Regiment. — This regiment was raised and mustered into the service on the 20th of June, 1S61, for three years, and the original members mustered out June 29, 1864. For this regiment Company K was recruited largely by Solon Eaton, of Addison, and largely from that town. Mr Eaton 78 History of Addison County. was made captain ofthe company; Amasa S. Tracy, first lieutenant, and Jon athan M. Hoyt, second lieutenant Colonel Tracy was promoted to captain of Company H January 24, 1862, and to major April 2, 1864; to lieutenant- colonel June 17, 1S64. Hewas wounded May 3, 1863, and October 18, 1864; was breveted colonel AprU 2, 1865, for gallantry in the assault on Petersburg; mustered out as lieutenant-colonel July 15, 1865. Others who served as com missioned officers of this company were: Captains, Erastus G. Ballou, of Bos ton, and Augustus A. Decelle, of Shoreham; as first heutenants, Erastus G. Ballou, Ward B. Hurlburt, of Weybridge, Eben N. Drury, of Vergennes, and Charles F. Greenleaf, Salisbury; as second lieutenants, Henry CarroU, ofNew Haven, and RusseU Fisk, of Bennington. The promotions of these officers wUl be found at the close of this chapter. The Second Regiment rendezvoused at Burlington, and was mustered in with 868 officers and men, under command of Colonel Henry Whiting and left the State on the 24th of June, 1861. It participated in the battle of Bull Run on the 2 1 St of July, 1S61, where a number of its members were wounded. Previous to November i, 1861, two hundred and thirty-seven recruits were added to the regiment The Second Regiment was brigaded with the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Regiments, constituting the Second Brigade, Second Division, Sixth Corps; this brigade became known as one of the best in the Army of the Potomac. In the first battle fought at Fredericksburgh, in December, 1862, the brigade was commanded by Colonel Whiting, and was distinguished for its gaUantry; the Second Regiment lost two kiUed and fifty-nine wounded. On the 3d of the foUowing May, at the second battle of Fredericksburgh, and at Bank's Ford the next day, the brigade fought with great bravery and is particularly com mended in the report of the adjutant-general. He says : " They stormed and carried the heights of Fredericksburgh in the face of a terrible fire," and "protected the rear ofthe Sixth Corps and enabled it to cross the Rappahan nock in safety; the masses of the enemy were persistently hurled against them in vain." In the Second Regiment on the 3d of May there were twelve killed and ninety-four wounded. At the battle of Gettysburg the brigade was held in reserve on the 3d of July and not engaged; but on the loth, near Funkstown, Md., they met the enemy in superior force and gallantly repulsed them. The loss here was nine kiUed and fifty-nine wounded, among the latter being Lieutenant Drury. Col onel L. A. Grant was now in command of the brigade. Under General Order 191 of the War Department, June 25, 1863, there were 167 re- enlistments in the Second Regiment. In 1864 the regiments be fore named, and the Eleventh after May 15, constituted the same brigade, and was commanded by Colonel Grant, who was promoted to brigadier-general. The brigade soon became known as the "Vermont Brigade," and acquired a The War of the Rebellion. 79 fame for bravery and efficiency second to none in the Army of the Potomac. Its history from this date onward is given a little further on, it being deemed more desirable to note brief statistics of enhstments from this county in the Fifth and Sixth Regiments, which constituted a part of the brigade, before proceeding with its general history. The Fifth Regiment. — Company B, of the Fifth Regiment, was largely raised in Middlebury. The Addison county men who held commissions in it were Captains Charles W. Rose and Hiram Cook; the former was afterward promoted to heutenant-colonel of the Fourteenth Regiment; First Lieutenants WUson D. Wright, of Middlebury, Charles H. WiUiamson, of the same town; Second Lieutenants Olney A. Comstock, Charles H. WiUiamson and Newton Murdick, of Middlebury. The Regiment was mustered into the service Sep tember 16, 1 86 1. Company F, of the Fifth Regiment, was recruited in Middlebury, Cornwall and adjoining towns. The Addison county men who held commissions in the company were Captains Edwin S. StoweU, of Cornwall, afterwards promoted to major, Cyrus R. Crane, of Bridport, and Eugene A. Hamilton, of Salisbury; First Lieutenants Cyrus R. Crane, Eugene A. Hamilton and Watson O. Beach, of Salisbury ; Second Lieutenants Eugene A. Hamilton, Andrew J. Mason, of New Haven, Watson O. Beach. The services of these officers are given further on. The field and staff officers at the time it was mustered into the service were as follows : Colonel, Henry A. Smalley. He was a regular army officer on leave of absence, and his leave was revoked September 10, 1862, and Lewis A. Grant was promoted to the colonelcy. Lieutenant-colonel, Nathan Lord, jr. Pro moted to colonel of the Sixth Regiment September 16, 1861. Major, Lewis A. Grant Promoted to lieutenant-colonel September 25, 1861 ; wounded December 14, 1862; promoted to brigadier-general April 27, 1864. Adju tant, Edward M. Brown. Promoted lieutenant-colonel Eighth Vermont Jan uary 8, 1862. Quartermaster, Aldis O. Brainerd. Resigned May 28, 1862. Surgeon, Wilham P.Russell. Honorably discharged October 11, 1862, for disability. Assistant Surgeon, Henry C. Shaw. Died September 7, 1862, at Alexandria, Va. Chaplain, Volney M. Simons. Resigned in March, 1862. The Fifth Regiment rendezvoused at St. Albans, remaining there about two weeks, when they started for Virginia, going into camp first on Meridian HUl, near Washington, and two days later at Chain Bridge. Remaining there a short time, they moved to Camp Griffin, three miles distant, and remained through the winter. In the spring they entered the peninsula campaign. On the i6th of April the regiment took part in the battle of "The Chimneys," or Lee's Mills. The Fifth, now a part of the " Vermont Brigade," comprising the Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Regiments, was in command of Brig- 8o History of Addison County. adier- General W. T. H. Brooks. In this engagement the Fifth was not so act ively employed as some ofthe other regiments. In his report General Brooks says, after stating that the skirmishers of the Third and Fourth Regiments opened on the enemy, "A company of picked men from the Fifth was de ployed in front of the chimneys and advanced under a heavy fire of shell and canister down the slope to the water's edge below the dam, where they re mained sheltered during the day, and were in position to greatly harass the enemy in working his guns." Again in his report General Brooks says, " Col onels Hyde and Smalley [the latter of the Fifth Regiment] are also deserving of notice for their activity and the dispositions of their regiments during the day." Two men were killed in the regiment and seven wounded. The next engagement in which the Fifth took part was the battle of WiU- iamsburgh, on the 5th of May, 1862. General E. D. Keyes was then in com mand of the brigade. The brigade, previous to the opening of the battle, was bivouacked near the enemy, and occupied a portion of the front during the succeeding action, and was in support of Mott's battery. The report that the enemy had evacuated their works at this point reached the Union forces Sun day morning ofthe 4th ; the brigade was placed under arms on the 5 th, under command of Lieutenant- Colonel Grant, and sent across the dam on Skiff Creek ; the enemy was not discovered and the troops were bivouacked. On the following day the brigade was in reserve, to support Hancock's brigade, not being actively engaged. June 29 Colonel Lewis A. Grant was promoted to brigadier-general and took command of the brigade. In the succeeding operations about Golding's Farm, Savage's Station and White Oak Swamp, at each of which point engagements were fought, the Fifth was honorably employed. At the first-named point the Second, Fifth and Sixth Regiments were brought up to support the Fourth, which became hotly ^engaged while supporting Hancock's brigade on picket duty. Although under heavy fire during their approach to their position, they did not become actively engaged. These movements occurred on the 27th, and on the 28th the brig ade was subjected to heavy shelling, which became so destructive that a change of camp was made prior' to the change of base to the James River On the 29th the brigade left its camp at Golding's Farm for the grand movement After passing Savage's Station the division to which the brigade was attached was ordered to return to that point to repel an attack. This was done and the brigade formed as follows : The Fifth, Lieutenant-Colonel Grant, in line on the right ; the Sixth, Colonel Lord, deployed to the left ; the Second, Colonel Whiting, in column in support ofthe Fifth ; the Third, Lieutenant- Colonel W. G. Veazey, in column in support of the Sixth. Passing through a wood into an open field, the Fifth encountered a regiment of the enemy, which was routed in brilliant style. As soon as the firing began, the Second and Third Regiments deployed and became hotly engaged. General Brooks says^ in his The War of the Rebellion. report : " The conduct of the troops in this action was generally very com mendable. Of those that were under my own eye I take pleasure in mentionr ing the names of Colonel Lord, Lieutenant- Colonel Grant, Lieutenant-Colonel Blunt, Lieutenant-Colonel Veazey," followed by many other names. After the engagement the brigade crossed the White Oak Swamp, and reached its new encampment without further incident. The brigade was engaged in the battle at Crampton Gap, on the 14th of September, and Antietam on the 1 7th, but in the former the Fifth Regiment was not in active conflict. At Antietam the brigade lay under fire for forty- eight hours, the casualties being quite numerous from artillery and sharp shooters. In the first battle at Fredericksburgh, in December, 1862, the brigade, then commanded by Colonel Henry Whiting, of the Second Regiment, was distin guished for its gallantry. The losses were twenty-six killed and one hundred and forty-one wounded ; ten of the killed and thirty of the wounded were from the Fifth Regiment At the second battle of Fredericksburgh, May 3, and at Bank's Ford on the 4th, as before stated, the conduct of the Fifth Regi ment could not be excelled. The total killed was thirty and wounded two hundred and twenty-seven ; of these the Fifth Regiment lost three kiUed and eleven wounded. Tlie Sixth Regiment. — The next full company recruited in this county was Company A, of the Sixth Regiment, which was raised principaUy in Ver gennes and Bristol. Those who served in it as commissioned officers from Addison county were Captains George Parker, jr, of Vergennes, who resigned in October, 1862, and Riley A. Bird, of Bristol (killed in the Wilderness May 5, 1S64,) ; First Lieutenants Riley A. Bird, Albert A. Crane, of Bridport (killed May 5, 1864, in the Wilderness), Charies J. S. Randall, of Bristol, George Neddo, of Middlebury, and Edwin A. Barney, of Monkton. (See close of chapter for promotions, etc.) This regiment was mustered into service Octo ber 15, 1 86 1, and the original members mustered out October 28, 1864. None of the field and staff officers at the time of muster was from Addison county, though Lieutenant C. J. S. RandaU was promoted to quartermaster in October, 1864. The Sixth Regiment rendezvoused at MontpeUer, and when mustered in had 971 officers and men, under command of Nathan Lord, jr It left the State in the latter part of October. It participated in the same engagements before fought by the Fifth and other regiments of the brigade, as previously noted In the first battle of Fredericksburgh one man was killed and one wounded. In the subsequent engagements of the first week in May the losses were. May 3, wounded eight; May 4, killed five, wounded forty-six. Returning now to the general history of the famous "Vermont Brigade," • it may be said that succeeding the engagement near Funkstown, Md., which 82 History of Addison County. has been mentioned, the brigade moved with the Army of the Potomac into Virginia in pursuit of the enemy, and were then detached and sent to New York city, to aid in enforcing order at the elections of that year. Returning, they were stationed near Culpepper, Va. In summing up the operations of the Vermont Brigade thus far the adju tant-general said : " Too much honor cannot be awarded by the people of Ver mont to the officers and men of this gallant brigade. They are the men who responded among the earliest to the call of the nation for assistance in sup pressing the RebeUion and restoring and preserving the national existence. They have fought gallantly in every battle in which the Army of the Potomac has been engaged, since the war commenced. Distinguished alike for bravery and discipline, they have acquired for themselves an imperishable record in history, and have won for the troops of the State in the field a reputation for unfiinching courage and dashing bravery which is only equaled by the distinc tion which the people of the State have earned for persistent loyalty to the Union, which is their proudest boast" October i, 1863, found the brigade encamped near Culpepper, Va., whence they marched on the Sth to the Rapidan, fifteen miles ; thence on the lOth to Culpepper, fifteen mUes ; thence on the 1 1 th to Rappahannock Station, twelve miles; thence on the 12th to Brandy Station, five miles; thence, October 13, to Kettle Run, near Bristow Station, thirty miles ; thence on the 14th to Little River Pike, near Chantilly, fifteen miles, and thence, on the following day, to Chantilly, two miles. Here the brigade rested, after these arduous marches, until the 19th of October, when the march was made to Gainesville, twelve miles, where the Sixth Regiment, while on picket, had a slight skirmish with the enemy's cavalry, but without loss. On the 20th the brigade led the ad vance of the Sixth Corps, driving back the enemy's cavalry to Warrenton, twelve miles. Here the brigade remained encamped until November 7, when they advanced to Rappahannock Station, where the enemy was met in force. The brigade, however, was not engaged, but was under heavy artillery fire all of the afternoon ; no casualties. On the Sth the brigade crossed the Rappa hannock and advanced to Brandy Station, where they went into camp on the 9th and remained until the 27th; on that day they moved four miles and sup ported the Third Corps in the battle of Locust Grove ; the brigade was only under artillery fire and suffered little. On the 2d of December they recrossed the Rapidan and went into camp at Brandy Station, remaining there with little of incident until the last week of February, when they accompanied the Sixth Corps on a week's reconnoissance to near Orange Court-House. The old camp was then resumed and kept until the 4th of May, when the brigade recrossed the Rapidan at Germania Ford and went into camp two miles to the south ofthe ford. The 5th and 6th the brigade was actively engaged in the battle ofthe Wilderness. On the morning ofthe 5th the rebels were engaged The War of the Rebellion. 83 in a movement to cut off Hancock's Corps (which had crossed the river below the ford) from the main army. To prevent this the Vermont and two other brigades were detached from the Sixth Corps. As the brigade came to the crossing of the " Brock" Road and the turnpike, they found the rebel advance driving the Union cavalry before them. The brigade was formed at the cross ing and hastily threw up slight entrenchments. The order was then given to advance to the attack, a movement which the enemy was at the same time beginning. The two lines met in a thick wood, where little of either opposing force could be seen by the other, and the great battle of the Wilderness began. The Vermont Brigade held the key to the position and seemed to reahze the fact. Unflinchingly they met and returned the galling fire of the enemy, whUe their ranks were rapidly thinning. Every assault was gallantly repulsed, notwithstanding every regimental commander in the brigade, except one, was either killed or wounded. A thousand brave officers and men fell in the brig ade that day, and the living slept amidst the bloody horrors ofthe field. The fierce struggle was renewed on the morning of the 6th, the enemy having fallen back a short distance and slightly entrenched. Again and again during the day was the Vermont Brigade assaulted with the most determined vigor, but the heroic troops of the Green Mountain State were equal to every de mand upon their bravery and, after signally repulsing the last attack, retired to the entrenchments they had thrown up on the Brock Road ; late in the after noon another desperate attack was made by the enemy upon this line, but this time they were again repulsed and defeated. On the morning of the 7th a strong skirmish line from the Sixth Regiment was sent out and drove back the enemy's skirmish line, revealing the fact that the main body of the rebels had fallen back. Soon after dark the flank movement towards Spottsylvania was begun. The brigade crossed the Rapidan on the 4th with 2,800 effective men ; the losses in the two days' fighting were 1,232, of which the Fifth Regiment lost twenty-eight kUled, one hundred and seventy-nine wounded and seven teen missing. Of the officers in this regiment Captains Alonzo R. Hurlburt, George D. Davenport and Charles J. Ormsbee, and Lieutenants Orvis H. Sweet and Watson O. Beach were either kUled or wounded ; Ormsbee and Sweet were both killed. Lieutenant- Colonel John R. Lewis, commanding the Fifth, was severely wounded. In the Sixth Colonel E. L Barney, Captains Riley A. Bird and George C. RandaU, and Lieutenant Albert A. Crane, were killed or died of their wounds. During the whole of the night of the 7th of May the brigade was on the march, arriving at ChanceUorsville the next morning; here they were detaUed to guard the Sixth Corps train. About 4 o'clock P. M. they were ordered to the front ; a forced march of four miles was made and the battlefield reached just before dark. The 9th was spent in fortifying the position of the brigade and on the I Oth the skirmish line was advanced, driving back that of the ene- 84 History of Addison County. my, the Fourth Regiment receiving high commendation for its conduct Dur ing the day the Second Regiment, the Fifth, under command of Major C. P. Dudley, and the Sixth (the whole under the command of Colonel Thomas O. Seaver) formed a part of the column which charged the enemy's works, the Vermont troops being in the rear line. The front lines were at first successful, capturing the works and many prisoners, but were driven back. The Vermont troops mentioned then advanced under a terrible fire and occupied the rebel works, the other regiments falling back. Orders were now given for all to faU back, but they failed to reach the Second Regiment, which refused to retire until they were positively ordered to do so. It was in this charge that the brave Major Dudley fell of wounds which caused his death. The brigade retained its position, constantly under fire, through the nth of May, and early on the 1 2th moved with the corps to the left to co-operate with Hancock's corps. The latter had captured the enemy's works at that point, and the reb els were engaged in a desperate attempt to retake them, when the Vermont Brigade marched into position under a heavy fire. Two lines were formed on the extreme left and skirmishers thrown out under a brisk fire. To quote from the report of the adjutant-general : "At this time the enemy were making the most determined effort to retake the line of woods carried by Hancock and now held by the Sixth Corps, the key of the position being at the angle in the center, and that being the point at which the most desperate attacks were made. Brigadier- General Grant, with the regiments of the second line, was ordered to the right to assist General Wheaton, and Colonel Seaver was left in command of the front line and the skirmishers. General Wheaton with his brigade was endeavoring to advance through thick brush, and in face of a deadly fire from the enemy's rifle-pits, and the Vermont regiments moved up promptly to his support, the Fourth Regiment taking and holding the front line. It was found impracticable to carry the enemy's works upon the right by a direct attack, and the enemy were gaining advantage in the center Leaving the Fourth Regiment in its position. General Grant returned to the center, and being joined by Colonel Seaver with the residue of the brigade, the whole were put into the engagement, except the Sixth Regiment, which was held in reserve." This was a critical point and a critical time for both armies, and the fight ing was of the most desperate character ; the combatants were separated by a breastwork of logs and rails, and the conflict was practicaUy hand to hand. The terrible struggle continued for eight hours, when the Vermont brigade was re- heved ; the works were held, but the losses were heavy. The brigade camped for the night on the extreme right On the 13th the brigade, with small exception, was not actively engaged and took a position towards night on the left near the scene of its former strug gle. During the 14th the Vermont brigade held the extreme left. On the The War of the Rebellion. 85 1 6th Colonel Seaver, with his regiment and one from Massachusetts, made a reconnoissance in the direction of Spottsylvania Court-House, gallantly driving in the enemy's skirmishers and accomplishing the duty to which he was as signed. On the morning ofthe 18th the Second and Sixth Corps charged the enemy's works, advancing about half a mile under heavy artillery fire. The Vermont brigade held the front line for some time, when the whole were or dered to faU back. Early on the morning of the 19th the brigade advanced with the corps about a mile and fortified its position, remaining there two days. At noon of the 21st the brigade moved about three-fourths of a mile to the rear, leaving a strong skirmish line in their works. Just before nightfall the enemy in strong force broke through this skirmish line and Colonel Seaver was ordered out with his regiment to re-establish it ; the task was gallantly per formed. That night the corps marched towards Guinness's Station. The total losses of the Fifth Regiment from the time of the crossing of the Rapidan to this date were thirty-eight killed, two hundred and twenty-nine wounded and fifty- one missing — a total of three hundred and eighteen. The losses in the brig ade were 1,650, more than one-half of the entire force that crossed the river. On the 15th of May the brigade was joined by the nth Vermont Regi ment, which had been mustered into the service September i, 1862, and con stituted the First Regiment of Vermont Heavy Artillery after December 10, 1863. The Eleventh Regiment. — In the Eleventh Regiment Company B was raised principally in Shoreham and near-by western towns, by Captain Charles Hunsdon, and there were many enhstments from other towns, as wiU appear on a later page of statistics. The regiment was first mustered in on the 1st of September, 1862, and the original members mustered out June 24, 1865. By special order ofthe War Department of December 10, 1862, the regiment was changed to heavy artillery, and was attached to the Vermont Brigade on the I Sth of May, 1864. Those men from Addison county who held commissions in Company B were : Captain Charies Hunsdon, of Shoreham ; First Lieutenants Aldace. F. Walker, then of Middlebury, George G. Howe, of Shoreham, and Walter S, Jones, of Shoreham ; Second Lieutenants Charies H. Smith, of Addison, George G. Howe, of Shoreham, Edward B. Parker, of Middlebury, Wm. W. Gage, of Monkton, Cyrus Thomas, of Weybridge, and Philo S. Severance, of Mid dlebury. Records of the services of these officers will be found at the close of the chapter. A few words as to the career of the Eleventh Regiment previous to its as sociation with the Second Brigade : After its muster it left Brattleboro and was first stationed at Fort Lincoln, near Bladensburg, Va., in the northern de fenses of Washington for about two months. It was then (December 10, 1862) transferred to the Heavy ArtiUery branch of the service and occupied Forts 86 History of Addison County. Stevens, Slocum and Totten, near Silver Spring, D. C. Two additional com panies (L and M) were recruited for the regiment in 1863, giving the regiment one thousand eight hundred men. It performed duty in that vicinity, without memorable incident, until May, 1864, when it was assigned to the Vermont Brigade, as stated. Again returning to the general history of the brigade in which Addison county volunteers acted such honorable part, it started on the night of the 2 1st of May, 1864, from Spottsylvania and by arduous marches reached first Guinness's Station ; thence marched to Harris's Store on the 22d ; to the North Anna River on the 23d ; crossed the river on the 24th, and two days later ad vanced to Little River, destroying the railroad at that point ; on the night of the 25 th they recrossed the North Anna and marched in the mud to Chester field Station on the Fredericksburgh railroad ; continued the march on the 26th, and on the 27th crossed the Pamunkey River three miles above Hanover Town and moved to the right two miles towards Hanover Court-House, where they remained entrenched two days. On the 29th the brigade marched to a new position on the Tolopotamy River where they remained two days. Major Cham berlain's battalion of the Eleventh Regiment being engaged in skirmishing nearly the whole of one day. On the 1st of June the brigade marched to_ Cold Harbor and participated in the attack on the enemy, holding the extreme left, the Fifth Regiment be ing in support of a battery. A charge was made by the Second Regiment and Major Fleming's battalion and Captain Sears's company of the Eleventh, under a destructive fire, displaying great gallantry. On the foUowing day the division containing this brigade held a portion of the enemy's works which had been captured, under a destructive fire. In the general attack on the enemy on the 3d, the Third and Fifth Regiments were in the front line of battle and greatly exposed ; their losses were heavy. During the night the Third and Fifth Regiments and two battalions of the Eleventh, under Colonel Seaver, re- heved a portion of the front line. The casualties in the Fifth, from the 21st of May to the 5th of June, were eight kiUed, twenty-two wounded, one miss ing ; in the Eleventh thirteen killed, one hundred and twenty-one wounded. Captain Merrill T. Samson, of the Fifth, Lieutenant Hiram C. Bailey, of the Second, and Lieutenant Henry C. MiUer, of the Third, feU in the engagement on the 3d. From the 3d of June to the i ith the brigade held the front line at two important points, and on the evening of the 12th moved back to a new line of works a mile in the rear, leaving the Fourth Regiment in the front as skirmishers, and about midnight started on the march for Petersburg. For twelve days the brigade had been under almost incessant fire, evincing the most heroic bravery and almost marvelous endurance. Major Richard B. Crandall, of the Sixth Regiment, a gallant young officer, fell on the 7th. From the 4th to the loth of June the Fifth Regiment lost three wounded and the Eleventh two killed and seventeen wounded. The War of the Rebellion. 87 Regarding the conduct of the Eleventh Regiment, which was new to active ¦service in the field, it is but just to quote from the reports of Brigadier- General Grant, who said : " Special mention ought to be made of the officers and men ofthe Eleventh for their gallant bearing in the charge of May 18. This was the first time they had been under fire, but they exhibited the coolness and noble bearing of the 'Vermonters,' and fairly stood beside the veteran regiments ofthe old brigade." June 1 3 the brigade crossed the Chickahominy after a march of twenty-four miles, and encamped. The march was resumed next day and on the 1 7th they occupied the rebel works near Petersburg which had been captured. During the day the enemy was attacked in his new position and driven back, the Sec ond and Fifth Regiments holding the skirmish line. The lines at Petersburg were held under heavy artillery fire until the evening of the 20th, when the ¦brigade was moved to the left, relieving a division of the Second Corps. From the nth to the 20th of June the Fifth Regiment lost two men kiUed and wounded and the Eleventh five. On the evening of June 21 the Sixth Corps was moved six miles to the entire left of the army, and on the night of the 22d the Vermont Brigade took position about a mile from the Weldon Railroad. The 23d was occupied in the destruction of the road, during which the enemy made an attack from the woods on the right and closing on the rear of the Fourth Regiment and Major Fleming's battalion, cut them off. A desperate fight ensued and the men surrendered only when driven to the last extremity. Captain WiUiam C. Tracy, of the Fourth, and Merritt H. Sherman, of Major A. F. Walker's battalion of the Eleventh Regiment, were kiUed during the day. Between the 20th and the 26th of June the Eleventh Regiment lost nine killed and twenty-seven wounded, with two hundred and sixty-three reported missing. On the 29th of June the Vermont Brigade led the advance of the Sixth Corps to Reams's Station on the Weldon RaUroad. After one day out they occu pied their former position untU July 8, when they marched to City Point and on the 9th embarked for Washington. On the 13th the brigade marched to Poolesville, Maryland, where the rear guard of the enemy was overtaken and routed; thence they marched to Snicker's Gap and on the 23d returned to the capital. On the 26th they again left Washington for Harper's Ferry, go ing into camp on Bolivar Heights on the night of the 29th. On the 30th they returned to Frederick City, Md. This was Sunday and Major Aldace F. Walker, in his admirable little book on The Vermont Brigade in the Shenandoah Valley, says: "It was the hardest day's march we ever made. The heat was in tense; the day was the very hottest of all the season; the clouds of dust were actually blinding; the pace almost a gallop; the poor men struggled bravely, ambulances were crowded, shady spots covered with exhausted soldiers, men falling out of the ranks at every rod, overpowered by the heat and positively History of Addison County. unable to proceed; actual cases of sunstroke by the 'score and by the hundred ,- a great scarcity of water ; but no halt or chance for rest until towards night we reached Frederick City." No more vivid and truthful picture could be drawn in a few words of a forced march under a southern sun. August 5 the brigade proceeded to Harper's Ferry and up the Shenan doah Valley to Strasburgh, where in a skirmish the Second Regiment lost twO' men on the 14th. The 1 6th the brigade returned to Charlestown, Va., remain ing until the 2 ist when they were attacked by the enemy. The brigade was. subjected to a destructive fire from 9 A. M. until dark. The loss of the Fifth Regiment was six killed and wounded and in the Eleventh thirty-two, includ ing the gallant Lieutenant-Colonel George E. Chamberlain, who was wounded early in the day, while bravely leading his battalion, and died soon afterward. In the report of Colonel J. M. Warner, in command of the Eleventh, he pays. high tribute of praise to Captain A. Brown, jr., ofthe Fifth, and Major Aldace F. Walker of the Eleventh, as well as to many others in the brigade. The brigade lay at Harper's Ferry from the 2 2d to the 29th of August, when it moved to Charlestown, remaining in that vicinity until September 19, making in the mean time a reconnoissance to the Opequan River, where a shght skirmish was had. On the 19th the brigade crossed the Opequan in early morning and went into position under heavy shelling on the Winchester pike. In front was a section of rolling country, the crests being held by the enemy, so as to command the valleys through which our forces must pass to the at tack. The advance was therefore made rapidly over the crest in face of a gaU- ing musketry fire, and the enemy was driven back in confusion. About one o'clock the brigade was compelled to fall back half a mile, having suffered severely. About 3 P. M. the entire line again advanced. The Vermont Brig ade was exposed from the time when they reached within a mile of Winchester to a heavy musketry fire in front and an enfilading fire from a battery on the left More than two hundred prisoners were captured by the brigade. The casualties in this engagement were two hundred and fifty-six total, twenty-two^ of which in killed and wounded occurred in the Fifth Regiment, and eighty- five in the Eleventh, fifty-one in the Sixth, twenty-six in the Third, and thirty- two in the Second. Captain Charles Buxton and Lieutenant Dennis Duhigg of the Eleventh were killed ; both excellent officers and recently promoted, the former to major and the latter to a captain. The brigade participated in the engagement at Fisher's HiU on the 21st and 22d, and at Mount Jackson on the 23d. October i they were in camp at Harrisonburgh, and on the sth moved to Newmarket; the 6th to Woodstock; on the 7th to Strasburgh; on the loth to near Fort Royal; on the 13th to MiUtown, and on the 14th to Middletown. On the 19th of October the army lay upon the easterly side of Cedar Creek, the Sixth Corps on the right, and the Vermont Brigade holding the extreme right, except one brigade. At day- The War of the Rebellion. 89 break the enemy attacked in strong force on the left ; the Sixth Corps was moved to that part of the line and formed nearly at right angles to its former position, there being now but one brigade on the left of the Vermont Before the troops could take position Major Walker's battalion of the Eleventh Regi ment and the Fifth and Sixth Regiments, under command of Major Johnson of the Second, were thrown forward as skirmishers and drove in the rebel skir mish line. The brigade then advanced with the division and were soon en gaged in a desperate struggle, checking for a time the impetuous advance of the enemy. About this time the right gave way and the division fell back a short distance, the Vermont Brigade in the center, the First Brigade, under Colonel Warner of the Eleventh Regiment, the right, and the Third Brigade the left Upon this line the enemy made a desperate attack, the brunt of which fell on the Vermont Brigade. General Ricketts, commanding the corps, being ¦wounded, and General Getty, who commanded the Second Division, taking his place. General Grant assumed command of the division and Lieutenant- Colo nel Tracy, of the Second Vermont, who was then the ranking officer in the brigade, took command of the brigade. Again the enemy assaulted the lines and were repulsed with great loss, and the left of the brigade suffered severely. The persistent and gallant resistance of the Sixth Corps, of which the brigade was a part, gave opportunity for proper preparations for the final stand in the engagement. Up to that time the tide had been against the Union forces, and the losses had been very heavy. The enemy now made a most determined attack, the Eighth and Sixth Corps receiving the heaviest of it; the whole hne soon gave way and was pressed backward toward Newtown. At this crisis General Sheridan made his memorable appearance on the field. Riding down the pike he halted in front of the Second Brigade and asked what troops they were. " The Sixth Corps ! " " The Vermont Brigade ! " was shouted simultaneously from the ranks. " Then we are all right ! " he ex claimed, and swinging his hat over his head he rode away to the right amid the shouts ofthe men. Upon his return General Wright took command of the Sixth Corps, General Getty of the Second Division and General Grant of the Vermont Brigade. During the remainder of the engagement the Vermont Brigade shared in the heaviest of the fighting, holding a position much of the time far in advance of the other troops, until the enemy was finally driven back and across Cedar Creek, their lines entirely broken up. Reaching Cedar Creek, the infantry was reorganized, and there also the Vermont Brigade, after a pur suit of the retreating enemy a distance of three miles, was found in advance of the remainder of the troops. The casualties in this engagement were two kiUed and seventeen wounded in the Fifth Regiment ; nine killed and seventy-four wounded in the Eleventh ; three killed and thirty-one wounded in the Second Regiment; three killed and thirty-eight wounded in the Third Regiment Among the killed was Lieutenant Oscar Lee, of the Eleventh. Colonel Amasa 90 History of Addison County. S. Tracy and Lieutenant Edward P. Lee were among the wounded and Lieu tenant Thomas Kavanagh, of the Fifth. The brigade moved to Strasburgh on the 2 ist of October and remained until the 9th of November; thence to Newtown ahd thence on the loth to Kearnstown, where they performed picket duty until December 9. They were then transported to Washington and thence to City Point ; thence to Mead's Station, and on the 13th moved out on the Squirrel Level Road to works previously occupied by the Fifth Corps. Here the brigade went into winter quarters, but the picket duty was very severe. On the 25th of March the corps charged upon Fort Fisher, capturing nearly the whole of the enemy's picket line. The losses were not severe. On the 2d day of AprU the Vermont Brigade was hotly engaged in the final struggle which resulted in the evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond. In the night of the 1st the brigade moved out from camp and took position near the skirmish line entrenchments which had been captured from the enemy a few days earher. The Second Divison was in the center of the Sixth Corps and the Vermont Brigade on the left of the division. At one o'clock the corps was in position and lay down to await the attack. About two o'clock a heavy fire was opened along the entire skirmish line, which was vigorously replied to by the enemy. During this fire Brevet Major-General L. A. Grant was wounded, and the command of the brigade devolved upon Lieutenant- Colonel Tracy, of the Second Regiment. At the signal agreed upon the brigade moved out of the entrenchments and pressed forward toward the enemy's line, driving in their skirmishers ; then with a cheer the command charged forward towards the enemy's works, five hundred yards distant When half the dis tance was passed they were assailed by a heavy rain of musket balls, with an enfilading artillery fire from the forts on either hand. The line wavered mo mentarily, but again pushed on under a terrific fire, all vieing with each other in the race to be first at the works. The enemy could not withstand the as sault and fled ; two earthworks, one on the right of a ravine, containing four guns, and the other on the left with two guns, were captured. The honor of being the first to break the enemy's line was awarded to the Vermont Brigade, and Captain Charles G. Gould is said to have been the first man of the Sixth Corps to mount the enemy's works. His regiment was in the first line of the brigade and in the charge he was far in advance of his command. Upon mounting the works he was severely wounded in the face by a bayonet thrust and was struck by clubbed muskets ; but he slew the man who wielded the bayonet and retired only when his command had come to his assistance and the rebels were routed. Beyond the works the brigade was halted briefly to re-form, and then the pursuit of the flying enemy continued for about four miles to near Hatcher's Run — a charge that must go down into history as one of the most brilliant and successful of the war Nothing could withstand the on- The War of the Rebellion. 91 ward-pressing troops. Brevet-Major Elijah Wales, of the Second Regiment, with two men captured a piece of artillery, and turning it on the enemy, fired a charge which the rebels had placed in the gun. Major William J. Sperry, of the Sixth, and Lieutenant George A. Bailey, of the Eleventh, with a few men, captured two guns and turned them on the routed enemy. Captain George G. TUden, of the Eleventh, with about a dozen men, captured two pieces, eleven commissioned officers and sixty-two men of the Forty-second Mississippi. Sergeant Lester G. Hack, of Company F, Fifth Regiment, charged a squad of rebels surrounding a stand of colors, knocked down the bearer and captured the flag. Corporal Charies W. Dolloff, Company K, Eleventh Regiment, also captured a stand of colors ; and there were too many deeds of individual heroism to mention here. About nine o'clock A. M. the brigade moved back along the line of works to a point about three miles south of Petersburg and formed in line of battle with the Eleventh on the right, the Second, Third, Fifth, Sixth and Fourth Regiments on its left, in the order named. An advance was made and a battery of artillery captured in the yard of the TurnbreU House, where General Lee had his headquarters. Captain Robert Templeton, with a squad of men of the Eleventh, was conspicuous in planning and executing the feat That night the brigade established its head quarters at the TurnbreU House ; the last stand of the enemy before Peters burg was ended. The casualties among the Rutland county men were six killed and thirty-four wounded in the Fifth Regiment, and five killed and forty- five wounded in the Eleventh. Among the killed was Lieutenant George O. French, of the Eleventh, who fell in the first assault, and Charles C. Morey, ofthe Second. Major-General Meade, in his official report, speaks ofthe gal lant attack of the Sixth Corps, on the 2d of April, as " the decisive movement of the campaign." Petersburg was evacuated that afternoon and Richmond the next morning. The brigade joined in the pursuit of Lee, exhibiting the same endurance and patience on that hard march that had before characterized their move ments. Reaching Farmville on the 7th, the brigade was detailed to guard supplies and remained there until the surrender of Lee on the 9th. From there they returned to Burkesville Junction, where they remained until the 23d of AprU, when they left for Danville; here they remained until May iS, when they were transported to Manchester, Va., and there remained to the 24th. They then marched to Washington and remained in camp near Mun son's HUl until mustered out On the 28th of June the Vermont Brigade, one of the grandest organizations of the army, ceased to exist as an organization. Battalions of the Second, Third and Fourth Regiments, remaining in the ser vice, were assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division, of a provisional corps, and a battalion of the Eleventh Regiment was transferred to the defenses of Washington, 92 History of Addison County. We have given this noble brigade liberally of our hmited space, perhaps to the detriment of the records of other organizations ; but the heroic service of this organization seems to demand that no less should be said ; indeed, it should be far more. Its full history is yet to be written. The Seventh Regiment. — This body of volunteers was recruited principally in Rutland county ; but Company C was raised chiefly in the western towns of Addison county. The commissioned officers from this county who served in that company were : Captains Henry M. Porter, of Middlebury, and Henry StoweU, of Vergennes; First Lieutenants Charies McCormic, of Middlebury; Second Lieutenants Henry Hanchet, of New Haven, Isaac N. Collins, of Mid dlebury, and Henry L. Perry, of Salisbury. The records of their services wih be found near the close of this chapter The field and staff officers ofthe Seventh, when organized, were as follows: Colonel, George T. Roberts; lieutenant-colonel, Volney S. Fullam; major, WiUiam C. Holbrook; adjutant, Charles E. Parker; quartermaster, E. A. Morse; surgeon, Francis W. KeUey; chaplain, Henry M. Frost; sergeant- major, George Brown ; quartermaster-sergeant, Samuel F. Buel ; commissary- sergeant, George E. Jones ; hospital-steward, Cyrus P. Rising. It was originally supposed that this regiment would form part of an expe dition under General Butler, having for its field of action New Orleans and vicinity; but many ofthe regiment would have preferred to join the Army of the Potomac with other Vermont regiments. Through efforts of General But ler, as believed, the regiment was finaUy placed under his command, much to its future sorrow. The regiment left for New York March lo, and after a long and uncomfortable voyage reached Ship Island on the 5 th and lOth of April. No sooner had the regiment landed than the unjust conduct of General Butler began ; the quartermaster was placed under arrest because he disembarked the men with their baggage, instead of the men only, as ordered. Little of im portance occurred up to the 1st of May, at which time the Union forces occu pied New Orleans, and the regiment was soon afterwards ordered there.' They were then ordered to CarroUton, eight miles from the city, reaching there May 16, where |:hey were placed under command of Brigadier- General J. W. Phelps, the former colonel of the First Vermont ; many of his old command were in the Seventh Regiment, and the reunion was very grateful.^ On the 6th of June the regiment was ordered to Baton Rouge, but did not reach there until the 15th. On the 19th orders were received to embark on transports and take part in a campaign against Vicksburg under General Will iams. The force with which the capture of the city was expected to be 1 Among the sick left on the island was Captain Charles C. Ruggles, of Company I. He was subsequently sent to the hospital at CarroUton, and when able assumed command of the convalescents in camp. Actuated by a desire to do more than he was able, he suffered a sunstroke, from the effects of which he died on the 24th of July, 1862. He was a favorite and brave officer. 2 General Phelps was finally forced to resign ; chieily, it is claimed, from the persecution of Gen eral Butler, which raised a long controversy, into which we cannot here enter. The War of the Rebellion. 93 accomphshed numbered only about 3, 500 men, Vicksburg was reached on the 25 th, and Colonel Roberts rejoined the regiment and took command. Much sickness followed, and the regiment set to work on the famous " cut-off," which resulted in failure. In his history of the Seventh Regiment, Colonel Wilham C. Holbrook refers to this period as follows : "After a majority of our entire command had been brought down with malarial diseases, from inhaling the fumes and vapors which arose from the soil as it was excavated and ex posed to the air and sun, a large auxiliary force of negroes, gathered from the surrounding country, was set to work. But, notwithstanding, the expedition was a failure. The river persisted in falling, and we were not able to dig fast enough to keep pace with it, and so, much to our relief, we were ordered to abandon the enterprise." Sickness in the regiment increased until after the first fortnight ; there were seldom one hundred men fit for duty, while almost every day one or two died. On the 15th of July the rebel ram Arkansas ran through the squadron of Far- ragut, only to be followed by the passage of the latter's vessels by the rebel batteries to his original position below Vicksburg. On this occasion occurred the death of Captain Lorenzo Brooks, of Company F, who was killed on the transport Ceres while in command of a squad of soldiers who had been sent to return the negroes employed on the Buttler ditch. As an evidence of the deplorable condition of this regiment relative to its health, it should be noted that a few days before the abandonment of the Vicksburg expedition. Captain John H, Kilburn, of Company D, was detailed to take the sick of the regiment to Baton Rouge. They were embarked on board the Morning Light and for three days were detained there awaiting orders and a convoy. There were 350 sick on the boat; the weather was in tensely hot and great suffering was experienced. The boat grounded on the first night of the passage, and while striving to get afloat two of the sick died ; they were buried in their blankets on the shore. Although Dr Blanchard was on board, he was unable to do much for the sick, as he had no medicines. Reaching Baton Rouge, the sick were got ashore, but six died during the re moval. The main body of the expedition left Vicksburg on the evening of the 24th, the Seventh Regiment forming the rear guard. The organization that had started out thirty-six days previous neariy eight hundred strong^, had now less than one hundred fit for duty, and at a review that occurred; a few days before the battle of Baton Rouge, two or three of the companies were not rep resented at all, their services being needed in burying the dead. Among those who fell victims to the climate and exposure was Lieutenant Richard T. Cull, a faithful officer. He was buried at Baton Rouge with mihtary honors.. The battle of Baton Rouge was fought on the 5 th of August The action opened with firing from rebel skirmishers immediately in front of the Seventh, in the early morning before it was light This was foUowed by a general at- 7 94 History of Addison County. tack, and the Union force being outnumbered was driven from stand to stand and finally forced to fall back on the main body, when the action became gen eral. At this stage of the engagement there seems to have been no general understanding of the character of the attack ; the Seventh Regiment was drawn up in line of battle in front of its camp, according to orders, and while waiting further instructions the firing on the left became very heavy. Colonel Roberts moved the regiment in that direction, through the thick fog and smoke. Here the men were subjected to the somewhat indiscriminate firing of artillery in the rear, and to prevent casualties from this circumstance. Colonel Roberts moved the regiment back to its former position. It was during this movement that the brave officer fell, as detailed in another paragraph below. When the regiment reached its former position the battle was raging furiously in front of its camp and that of the Twenty-first Indiana. The fog and smoke were so dense that objects could not he seen ten feet distant Colonel Roberts had hesitated to order his men to begin firing, fearing the Twenty-first Indiana might be directly in front General WiUiams at this juncture rode up in a somewhat excited manner and peremptorily ordered the firing to open. The colonel promptly gave the order, and firing began. Only a few volleys had been fired when it was learned that the Indiana regiment was suffering from the shots, as Colonel Roberts had feared would be the case. Colonel Roberts did not hesitate to give the order to cease firing. This was his last command, as he immediately fell with a severe wound in his neck. From this time through the engagement the regiment, commanded temporarily by Captain, afterward Major, Porter, bore an honorable share. Colonel N. A. M. Dudley, in command of the right wing, embracing the Seventh, said in his report : " It cannot be expected that I should mention the brave exploits of persons, or even regiments, particularly when all did so weU. On no occasion did I see a single regiment misbehave ; all seemed to act with coolness and determination that surprised even ourselves after the excitement was over . . Captain Manning (after having fallen back) quickly rallied his men and went into bat tery on the right of the Indiana Twenty-first, well supported on the right by the Seventh Vermont ... In the mean time the enemy appeared in strong force directly in front of the Indiana Twenty- first, Vermont Seventh and Massachusetts Thirtieth. At one time these three brave regiments stood face to face with the enemy, within forty yards, for full one hour. The contest for this piece of ground was terrific." Other reports corroborated these statements in full. Many of the officers and men, among them Captain Peck, left their hospital beds to join the fight. Colonel Roberts died on the 7th, two days after the battle. The following appeared in the New Orieans Delta, and it is but just to his memory that it should be copied here : " . . The Seventh Vermont Regiment, which had just returned from severe service at Vicksburg, participated in the battle at The War of the Rebellion. 95 Baton Rouge. It is sufficient evidence that they were at their post discharging faithfully the trust reposed in them, that their gallant colonel, George T. Rob erts, fell mortally wounded in the thickest of the fight He was a true patriot and an honorable, high-minded man. He first went into the service as a lieu tenant in Company A, of the First Vermont Volunteers. When the Seventh was called for he was tendered the colonelcy, and in every particular has proved the selection a good one, and though dying in a glorious cause his loss will be severely felt, both by his regiment and his many friends in his native State where he was so well and widely known." Colonel Roberts's remains were brought to Rutland where his obsequies were very largely attended. On the 20th of August Baton Rouge was evacuated and the Seventh Reg iment returned to CarroUton, going into camp there with other troops. This was another most unhealthy locality and soon acquired the name of the " camp of death." On the 26th Lieutenant-Colonel Fullam resigned and WiUiam C. Holbrook was made Colonel. Captains Peck and Porter were promoted, the former to lieutenant-colonel and the latter to major of the regiment. Captain E. A. Morse, the efficient quartermaster, also resigned to accept promotion. On the Sth of September, Surgeon Francis W. Kelly resigned and Assistant- Surgeon Enoch Blanchard was promoted to the office. When the Seventh reached CarroUton it was reported that statements de rogatory to the conduct of the regiment at Baton Rouge had emanated from some of the Indiana officers. Upon the strength of such reports as reached General Butler, he revised his official reports as far as they referred to the con duct of the Seventh and issued his childish and unjust " Order 62," in which he condemned the regiment for its alleged conduct at Baton Rouge. It must suffice for us to merely state that history will accept Colonel Dudley's report, written by an officer who saw what he wrote about, as against General Butler's tirade, based upon prejudiced reports of others. A long and bitter controversy foUowed, ending in a court of inquiry, the findings of which were such as to entirely exonerate the regiment from aU blame and sustain its honor and brav ery in every particular General Butler thereupon, perforce, issued his " Order 98," in which he retracted his charges and insinuations. We have alluded to the unhealthiness of the camp at CarroUton. Sickness foUowed until the regiment was practically unfit for duty ; but the men were forced to remain there until Sepember 30, when they were removed to Camp Kearney, a short distance below CarroUton, a slightly more wholesome place. On the 4th of November another move was made to New Orleans. A few days later orders were received so start for Pensacola, Fla., and on the 13th of November the regiment embarked for that point The destination was reached the following day, after a most uncomfortable trip. Here the clirtiate and salubrious air soon improved the condition of the men. In Colonel Hol- brook's history of the regiment is given the foUowing tabular statement of 96 History of Addison County. deaths in the regiment from 1 862 to 1 866 inclusive, showing how great a mor tality from sickness was reached in the first year, as compared with the casuall- ties of subsequent years : Commissioned Officers Non-Commissioned Officers Company A Company B Company C Company D Company E Company F Company G Company H Company I Company K 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 186.6. Total 4 2 I 7 I I 2 26 I 2 3 I 33 32 2 9 2 45 14 5 4 23. 20 3 I 3 27 36 I 4 7 48 24 3 3 30 31 6 5 3 45 44 5 4 4 57- 37 5 3 4 47 26 3 6 8 43 Total 29s 31 39 41 I 407 The period of about a month was passed by the regiment in building a stockade in anticipation of an attack predicted by the redoubtable General Neal Dow, then in command at that point The attack was not made, and on the 29th of December the regiment, with other troops, engaged in an armed recon noissance to Oakfield ; no enemy was encountered. Early in January Lieutenant Henry French died of fever contracted in the fatal Vicksburg campaign, and his remains were sent home. Scouting parties were the order of the service untU spring. On the 17th of February Companies B and G, under Captain Dutton, started on one of these expeditions. Near Oakfield they were attacked by the enemy's cavalry ; a skirmish, which degenerated into a running fight, ensued, until Oakfield was reached, when the enemy retired. About this time orders were received to evacuate Pensacola, and on the 20th of February the regiment proceeded to Fort Pickens on Santa Rosa Island. On the 28th of March Companies A, D and G were detailed for duty as artillerists in this fort, which had previously been garrisoned by U. S. Regulars. Nothing of importance occurred to the command while on this island, and on the 19th of June, when Colonel Holbrook was placed in command ofthe troops of Western Florida, the regiment, except ing the companies last named, was removed by him to Barrancas, where a pleasant camp was formed and named " Camp Roberts " in honor of the dead colonel of the regiment Little active service was seen by the regiment dur ing the summer and autumn. On the 6th of September Colonel Holbrook sent out a reconnoitering party under Captain Mahlon M. Young and Lieuten ant Jackson V. Parker ; they captured a party of rebels at the headquarters of the Spanish Consul, who was in sympathy with the South. An attempt was made and repeated to secure the release of these prisoners, from both Captain Young and later from Colonel Holbrook, but the efforts failed ; it was claimed The War of the Rebellion. 97 that they entered the town under a flag of truce and that they were under the protection of the Spanish Consulate. On the loth of September an accident of a serious nature occurred at the fort The picket line had been repeatedly fired upon in front of the fort, and the gunners were in training to get the range of the woods whence the firing came, when an eight-inch howitzer exploded while being served by a detach ment of Company I ; the discharge was caused by the carelessness of the cor poral whose duty it was to thumb the vent of the gun. Private Robert Ripley, of Company I, had his right arm blown off, and sustained other injuries, which caused his death within a few days, and Private James B. Royce was blown into the air and picked up for dead ; to every one's surprise, however, he sur- vi-ved, with a badly shattered left arm, which was subsequently amputated. He was also badly burned and bruised. During the month of September yellow fever was developed in that region, and on the sth of November Corporal Lucius O. Wilkins, of Company B, died of the disease, and on the 1 7th Lieutentant Rollin M. Green, one of the best officers in the regiment, was stricken down from the same cause. On the 7th of November Colonel Holbrook was relieved by Brigadier- General A. Asboth, and assigned to the command of the First Brigade, then consisting of the Seventh Vermont (less the detached companies) under Lieu tenant-Colonel Peck, and two colored regiments. From this time untU spring nothing of special moment, outside of several successful scouting expeditions, occurred in the regiment. On the 13th of February, 1864, Lieutenant Frank N. Finney, of Company D,, returned from Vermont with one hundred and ten recruits for the regiment During the same month all of the enlisted men of the regiment remaining from those originally mustered in, except fifty-eight, re-enlisted for three years fur ther service, or for the war, the War Department having previously decided that the original term of service would expire June i, 1864. By the provisions of this order the re-enlisted men were entitled to a thirty days' furlough. The embarkation for this furlough was made August 10. During the spring and early summer there were some changes of minor im portance in the duties of the regiment, and while the rebels were busily strength ening their position, Farragut was preparing for an attack upon Forts Morgan and Gaines, at the entrance to Mobile Bay. The rebel reinforcements and supplies passed over the railroad running from Pollard and beyond to Mo bile. General Asboth conceived a scheme for the destruction of this then im portant line. An expedition was fitted out consisting of four companies, A, B, E, and H, of the Seventh Vermont, Schmidt's New York Cavalry, the First Florida Cavalry, the Eighty-third and Eighty-sixth United States Colored Regiments and two mountain howitzers, the latter under command of Adju tant Sheldon. Barrancas was left by the expedition July 21. The enemy was 98 History of Addison County. encountered at Gonzales Station in a rude square redoubt, and were gallantly assaulted by A and E companies, under Captains Mosely and Smalley. The charge was so gallantly conducted that the rebels fled from their works. Col onel Holbrook says : " Although this affair can hardly be called a battle, yet for over an hour the Seventh was exposed to a severe musketry fire. No troops could have behaved better than they did." Owing to the fact, which was learned from a deserter, that Colonel Maury was marching towards Gen eral Asboth's force with four thousand men, it was decided to retreat, and Bar rancas was reached on the 24th. The Seventh Regiment reached their homes after a long and tedious voy age on the 26th of August, and were handsomely received by Governor Smith and the citizens of Brattleboro. On the 13 th of September Lieutenant John Q. Dickinson, who had for some time acted as quartermaster of the regiment, received his commission as such. He was subsequently made captain of Com pany F, and was honorably discharged for disability October 10, 1865. He remained in the South after the close of the war, and having taken some part in political affairs in Florida, was warned by the Ku Klux to leave the State. He paid no attention to the threats made in case he disobeyed the warning, and was shot by cowardly assassins who [were hidden in darkness. His re mains were returned to his northern home. On the 30th of September the regiment again turned its face southward, reaching New Orleans on the 13th of October, 1864. During the absence of the regiment at home. Captain Mahlon Young was killed while leading a charge against the enemy in the streets of Marianna. Colonel Holbrook says of him : " Captain Young was a fine specimen of the volunteer soldier Always cool and coUected, his advice was invariably sound and valuable. He was cour ageous as a lion and ever ready to go wherever he felt that his duty caUed him." While stationed at Annunciation Square, New Orleans, the Seventh Regi ment was principaUy employed in guard duty. On the 19th of February the regiment was ordered to MobUe Point, to take part in the operations against that city. The regiment was assigned to Brigadier- General Benton's division of the Thirteenth Corps, and on the 1 7th of March began a march to flank the defenses of MobUe on the western shore and operate against those on the east ern shore. This march, which was one of almost unparalleled difficulties in the way of mud, rain and exposure, continued until the 23d, when the regiment went into camp on the north fork of Fish River On the 25th another forward movement was made, which continued through the 26th, involving considerable skirmishing with the enemy. On the 27th preparations were made to attack the " Spanish Fort" Benton's Division, embracing the Seventh, moved for ward in the morning, each regiment in line of battle, directly towards the fort, with other corps on the right and left. The brigade to. which the Seventh was The War of the Rebellion. 99 attached was not halted until within 600 hundred yards of the rebel earthworks, and midway between the old Spanish Fort and Red Fort, the guns of which commanded the position through a long ravine. Here the regiment lay aU day long, exposed to a heavy fire of musketry and artillery. The men lay on the ground most of the time. Soon after the first halt in the morning. Captain Salmon Dutton was ordered with his company (G) to reheve a portion of the skirmish line. He remained out until after nightfall, several of his men being wounded, when he was relieved by Captain George E. Croft, with D company. They were in turn relieved by Companies I and H, both of which were ex posed to heavy firing during the day. During the 28th the regiment was ex posed to heavy sheUing at a point a httle in rear, where it had camped, after being relieved by the Ninety-first lUinois. On the evening of the 2Sth Com panies F (Captain Edgar M. Bullard) and C (Captain Henry StoweU) were ordered on the skirmish line with orders to advance as far as possible, intrench ing as they proceeded. This duty was thoroughly performed. From this time to April 1 3 the siege of the fort progressed with the utmost vigor and de termination, and every day the Seventh was engaged in dangerous picket duty, labor in the trenches or repelling sorties by the enemy. We cannot here enter into the details of all of these operations, which are graphically described in Colonel Holbrook's history of the regiment The chief occurrence in the Seventh was the capture of Captain Stearns with twenty men on the skirmish line on the night of the 31st, where he had with great bravery maintained a most dangerous position. Captain Stearns was paroled and sent to the parole camp, Vicksburg. After thirteen days of active operations the fort was abandoned and the works occupied by the Union forces on the Sth of April. Early on the morning of the 9th the regiment was ordered to Blakely, which had been, since April 2, besieged by General Steele and his force from Pensacola. As the regiment drew near Steele's line heavy firing was heard. The Seventh did not share in the subsequent assault by which the rebel works were carried. On the morning of the nth the division containing the Seventh marched back towards Spanish Fort to Stark's Landing, where they embarked on transports. During this march news of the fall of Richmond reached the troops. On the 12th they proceeded to Mobile city, where arrangements had already been made to turn the place over to the Union forces. The following morning Benton's division was ordered in pursuit of the fleeing enemy ; they marched through the city and to a station on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad called Whistler, where the shops of the road were located. The Seventh was in the advance with the Fiftieth Indiana. Colonel Day, just before reaching the station, turned to the left, leaving the Seventh and Fiftieth to proceed along the track. Firing was soon heard in the direction taken by him, ahd he sent back for support. The Seventh and the Indiana regiment were hurried forward loo History of Addison County. at a double quick and they were soon under a heavy fire, but somewhat pro- tedted by woods. The rebels were on a slight eminence beyond a marsh over which was a bridge ; this bridge had been fired, and trhe Ninety-first Illinois in a:ttempting to get through the marsh was fairly stalled. Colonel Holbrook at tempted, but unsuccessfuUy, to form the Indiana regiment, and then formed the Seventh, which rushed ahead under a heavy fire and was soon at the bridge. Here they were changed into column and hurried across the burning bridge. Across the bridge line of battle was again formed and firing begun ; but the enemy soon retreated precipitately. The regiment remained at Whistler till the 19th, when the division was marched to a place on the Tombigbee River, about forty miles from Mobile, and went into camp. Here came the news of the assassination of the presi dent Although Lee surrendered on the 9th and Johnson on the 27th, opera tions in the southwest stUl continued. General Taylor, with his force of rebels, was in the immediate front of the division, and to him notice was sent that the existing truce must end, as the United States government did not approve of the Sherman-Johnston armistice. On the morning of May 2 Colonel Holbrook, with the Seventh and Fiftieth Indiana, was ordered out on a scout ; but nego tiations for Taylor's surrender were renewed and no action followed ; the two regiments returned, and the next day the division proceeded to MobUe. Colonel Holbrook resigned on the 2d of June, 1865, and from that time un til the regiment returned north it was in service in Texas. The command, un der Lieutenant- Colonel Peck, sailed for Brazos, where they arrived June 5, and went into camp, remaining until the 14th, when they proceeded to the mouth df the Rio Grande and went into camp. On the 14th of July the one year recruits were mustered out. August 2 the regiment broke camp and marched to BrownsviUe, about thirty miles up the river, and remained there in camp un til mustered out in March, 1866. On the 26th of August Colonel Peck re signed, and Lieutenant- Colonel Porter was commissioned colonel. Major Bull ard, heutenant-colonel, and Captain Smalley, major Subsequently Major Smalley resigned, and Captain George E. Croft was commissioned major On the 14th of March the regiment was mustered out at BrownsviUe, but proceeded in a body to New Orieans, and thence to Brattleboro, Vt, where it disbanded. A grand and merited reception was given the veterans at Brattle boro. The regiment was the last volunteer organization of Vermont to be dis banded. No more gaUant regiment than the Seventh was ever sent out by the State. The Ninth Regiment. — Although this organization contained only a few re cruits from this county, it merits brief attention. It was mustered into service July 9, 1862, for three years. Company C was recruited principally in the southwestern and western towns of the county, a large number of its members being from Addison. The commissioned officers in the company from this The War of the Rebellion. ioi county were : Captains, none ; First Lieutenants James F. Bolton and Herbert H. Moore, of Middlebury ; Charles F. Branch, of Orwell ; Second Lieutenants Herbert H. Moore, George W. Sneden, of New Haven, and Luman Smith, of Addison. Edwin S. StoweU, of CornwaU, was the first major of the regiment, and went out as captain of Company F, Fifth Regiment. This regiment was captured almost entire at Harper's Ferry in September, i'862, before it had seen much service. January lo, 1863, it was exchanged and retained at Chicago guarding prisoners until April i. The regiment was thence transferred to Fortress Monroe ; thence to Suffolk, Va. ; thence to West Point, Va., and thence to Yorktown, They remained here until October, 1S63, suffering severely from disease; at one period out of 350 men present, only thirty-six were fit for duty. In October they were transferred to Newport Barracks, near Newborn. Except occasional reconnoissances, the regiment did not participate in much field service until February 2, 1864, when the enemy made an advance upon Newport. A warm engagement followed, in which the regiment lost two lieutenants and sixty-four men killed, wounded and missing. On the 20th of June the regiment marched with other troops upon an expedition into the interior with a view of cutting the Wilmington and Weldon RaUroad ; the expedition proved fruitless, and the march was a very severe one. On the 31st of August the regiment was ordered to Bermuda Hundreds, and they soon entered upon a more active campaign. They arrived on the iSth of September and were assigned to the First Brigade, Second Division of the Eighteenth Corps. On the 17th the regiment was joined by one hundred and seventy recruits, bringing its effective strength up to nearly 875. On the 29th of September the battle was fought at Chapin's Farm. The regiment broke camp at i o'clock A. M. and crossed the James River at Aiken's Landing at daybreak. The advance of four miles to Chapin's Farm was made, where the brigade (comprising the Eighth Maine and the Ninth Vermont Reg iments) was ordered to charge one of the rebel works at that point. The Maine regiment became entangled in a swamp and the Ninth made the charge alone, over a half mile of rough, brush-covered ground, carried the work and ¦captured two guns and about fifty prisoners. The regiment was under fire the entire day and every man behaved with the utmost bravery. The casualties were seven kUled and thirty-eight wounded. The Ninth Regiment remained stationed in this vicinity, with some unim portant changes, until the evacuation of Richmond. On the 27th of October they participated in the engagement on Williamsburgh Road (Fair Oaks), fully •sustaining the record for bravery already acquired by them. Early in Novem ber the regiment was transferred to New York city, where they performed ex- 'cellent service during the troubled times of the election of that year, and on the 1 7th of November they returned to the brigade. During this time Colonel I02 History of Addison County. Ripley was in command of the brigade ; in December he resumed command of the regiment When the reorganization of army corps occurred in December the Ninth was attached to the Second Brigade, Third Division, Twenty-fourth Corps, At the inspection of regiments, under general orders of January 17, 1865, to determine which were the best regiments and brigades and divisions, the Ninth Vermont gained the post of honor in its division. On the 20th of February the regiment was first pronounced the best in the brigade, and under provisions of a general order was excused from all picket and outside detail for one week. On the 6th March they were again pronounced the best in the brigade and excused again from all picket and outside detail for a week; and on the loth of March, after careful inspection at division headquarters they were announced in orders to be the best regiment in the division — a division comprising twenty regiments and which was, in the opinion of the corps commander, " as com pletely fitted for the field as a command could well be" — and the regiment was again excused from details for an additional week. The officers and men ofthe regiment were justly proud of the distinction thus obtained, not merely upon their own account, but for the honor thereby conferred upon their State. Before the period had terminated during which the regiment had been ex cused from details, the men of the regiment made application to be allowed to again go upon duty to relieve their comrades of the brigade whose duties were rendered exceedingly arduous by the excuse of this regiment This act " of genuine good-wiU caUed forth another compUmentary order from division headquarters. The regiment was one of the first to enter Richmond after its evacuation and was stationed in that city untU mustered out On the 13th of June the original members of the regiment and the recruits whose terms of service were to expire before the ist of October were mustered out The remaining mem bers of the regiment were consolidated into a battalion of four companies, which were stationed at Richmond for a time, and then moved to Portsmouth, Va., and mustered out December i, 1865. First Vej-mont Cavalry. — It is a difficult task, with ample space and the best of sources of information, to write a proper and comprehensive history of the deeds of a gaUant cavalry regiment ; this must be the excuse if this brief record of the First Vermont Cavalry seems inadequate. In this gallant regi ment were many Addison county men — about one hundred and thirty in all. Nearly all of Company K was recruited in Bridport and towns immediately adjoining. The officers of the company who bore commissions and were from this county were Captains Franklin Moore and John S. Ward, of Shoreham ; First Lieutenants John S. Ward and Jonas R. Rice, Bridport ; Second Lieu tenant Ozro F. Cheney, of Bridport The promotions and services are noted on a later page. The other enlistments from the county were in other com panies. The War of the Rebellion. 103 The regiment was mustered into the service November 19, 1S61, for three years. The original members, not veterans, were mustered out November 1 8, 1 864. The recruits for one year and recruits whose term of service would ex pire previous, to October i, 1865, were mustered out June 21, 1865. The re maining officers and men were then consolidated into a battahon of six com panies, which was mustered out August 9, 1865. The history of cavalry regiments is always replete with stirring incidents — rapid marches, fearless and briUiant charges and desperate hand-to-hand en- ¦counters, the details of which, whUe often of paramount interest, require ample space for their proper description. We are therefore forced to confine our- •selves here to mere statistics. The long list of engagements in which the First Cavalry shared honorable and often the most important part, tells the brief story of what they did and endured. Beginning with Mount Jackson they served in engagements of more or less importance at Port Republic, April 27, 1862; Middletown, May 24, 1862; Winchester, May 25, 1862; Luray Court- House, July 2, 1862; Culpepper Court-House, July 10, 1862; Orange Court- House, August 2, 1862; KeUey's Ford, August 20, 1S62; Waterloo Bridge, August 22, 1862 ; BuU Run, August 30, 1862 ; Ashby's Gap, September, 1S62 ; Broad Run, AprU i, 1S63; Greenwich, May 30, 1863; Hanover, Pa., June 30, 1863; HuntersviUe, Pa., July 2, 1863; Gettysburg, July 3, 1863; Monte rey, July 4, 1863; Lightersville, Md., July 5, 1863; Hagerstown, Md., July 6, 1863 ; Boonesborough, Md., July 8, 1S63 ; Hagerstown, Md., July 13, 1863 ; Falling Waters, July 14, 1863; Port Conway, August 25, 1S63; Port Con way, September i, 1S63 ; Culpepper Court-House, September 13, 1863; .Somerville Ford, September 14, 1863; Raccoon Ford, September 26, 1863; Falmouth, October 4, 1863; James City, October 10, 1S63 ; Brandy Station, October 5, 1863 ; GainesvUle, October 18, 19, 1863 ; Buckland MiUs, October 19, 1S63 ; Morton's Ford, November 28, 1863 ; Mechanicsville, March i, 1864; Piping Tree, March 2, 1S64; Craig's Church, May 5, 1S64; Spottsylvania, May 8, 1864; YeUow Tavern, May n, 1864; Meadow Bridge, May 12, 1864; Hanover Court-House, May 31, 1864; Ashland, June i, 1S64; Hawe's Shop, June 3, 1864; Bottom Bridge, June 10, 1864; White Oak Swamp, June 13, 1864; Malvern Hill, June 15, 1S64; Reams's Station, June 22, 1S64; Notta- way Court-House, June 23, 1S64; KeyesviUe, June 24, 1864; Roanoke Sta tion, June 25, 1864; Stony Creek, June 28, 29, 1864; Reams's Station, June 29, 1864; Ridley's Shop, June 30, 1864; Winchester, August 17, 1864; Sum mit Point, August 21, 1S64; Charlestown, August 22, 1864; KearneysvUle, August 25, 1864; Opequan, September 19, 1864; Front Royal, September 21, 1864; Mooney's Grade, September 21, 1864; Milford, September 22, 1864; Waynesborough, September 28, 1864; Columbia Furnace, October 7, 1864; Tom's Brook, October 9, 1864; Cedar Creek, October 13, 1S64; Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864; Middle Road, November 11, 1864; Middle and ro4 History of Addison County. Back Road, November 12, 1864; Lacy's Springs, December 20, 1864; Waynesborough, March 2, 1865; Five Forks, April i, 1865; Namozine Church, April 3, 1865 ; Appomattox Station, April S, 1865 ; Appomattox Court-House, April 9, 1S65. The total losses in this regiment during the term of service embracing the above list of actions was three hundred and ninety-seven by death ; sixty-three of these were killed in action. No other cavalry regiment bears a better rec ord than the First Vermont Second Battery Light Artillery. — In November, 1861, a recruiting station was established at Leicester for the purpose of raising the Second Battery Light Artillery, and Lensie R. Sayles was appointed recruiting officer on the 19th of that month. The battery was organized December 13, 1861, com posed of Captain Lensie R. Sayles and eighty-nine men, who were mustered into service December 16, 1S61 ; twenty men were added on the 24th, making an aggregate of one hundred and nine men, who were distributed among the towns of the county as follows : Addison, 3 ; Bristol, 6 ; Ferrisburgh, 7 ; Goshen, 7 ; GranviUe, 2 ; Leices ter, 1 8 ; Lincoln, i ; Middlebury, 2 ; Monkton, i ; New Haven, 2 ; Panton, 2 ;: Salisbury, 13; Starksboro, 3; Vergennes, n; Whiting, 5. Among the offi cers of this battery who were from Addison county were Captain Lensie R. Sayles, of Leicester ; Lieutenant Benjamin N. Dyer, of Leicester ; Lieutenant Perry A. Baker, of Whiting. The battery left the State for New Orleans on the 6th of February, 1862. Its entire operations were confined to the Department of the Gulf, of which we have but meager details. In March, 1863, they were at Baton Rouge, and during the latter part of the same year, and down to the time of- their muster out, they were established at Port Hudson, in the siege of which position they did honorable and valuable service. The losses of the battery were fifty-four total by death, forty-seven of whom died from disease. After the muster out of the original members the battery was largely reinforced and thus retained its organization. The battery was mustered out at Burlington on the 31st of July, 1S65. Nine Months Men. — Under the call of the president for 300,000 nine months men, made in August, 1862, five regiments were recruited in Vermont, in one of which, the Fourteenth, Addison county was largely represented. Company E was raised almost entirely in Middlebury and Weybridge by its. captain, Edwin Rich ; its first lieutenant was Henry B. Needham, and second lieutenant, Andrew J. Child, of Weybridge. Company I was more than half made up of men from the town of Addison, and commanded by Captain Solo mon T Allen, of Panton ; First Lieutenant TheophUus C. Middlebrook, of Ferrisburgh, and Second Lieutenant Milo A. Williams — afterward by "WiUiam H. Hamilton, of Fairhaven, and later by John R. Converse, of Panton. Com- The War of the Rebellion. 105 pany D was, from Bridport, CornwaU and near-by towns and commanded by Captain Charles E. Abell, of Orwell ; First Lieutenants John W. Woodruff, of Benson,, and Charles, W. Corey, of Bridport ; Second Lieutenant Don Juan Wright, of Shoreham. Company G was also from the county, a large number being recruited in Lincoln and in Bristol and that vicinity. It was commanded by Captain Noble F Dunshee, of Bristol ; First Lieutenant John H. Allen, of Hinesburg; Second Lieutenant Charles W. Mason, of New Haven. There were numerous enlistments in other companies also. The subsequent services and promotions of these officers will he found a little further on. The Seventeenth Regim.ent received large accessions from this county, partic ularly from Ferrisburgh and the northwestern towns. Lyman E. Knapp, now of Middlebury, went out with this regiment as captain of Company F ; was wounded May 12, 1864, and April 2, 1865 ; promoted to major November i, 1864; brevet lieutenant-colonel April 2, 1865, for gallantry in the assault on Petersburg, and mustered out as major July 14, 1865 ; he was commissioned colonel, December 10, 1S64. Charles W. Corey, of Bridport, went out as cap tain of Company H, and was breveted major for gallantry at the Petersburg assault. Joel H. Lucia went out as first lieutenant of Company H ; he was also of Bridport George W. Kingsbury, of Chester, went out as second lieu tenant of Company F, and was wounded May 15, 1864, and discharged. John R. Converse, of Panton, went out as second lieutenant of Company H, and was killed before Petersburg ; George H. Corey also served as second lieutenant of this company ; he was from Bridport The record of these officers is given in a later page. The Fourteenth Regiment was commanded by Colonel William T. Nichols, of Rutland ; Charles W. Rose, of Middlebury, was lieutenant-colonel ; Edwin H. Sprague, of Middlebury, was surgeon ; the other field and staff officers were from other counties. Redfield Proctor was made colonel of the Fifteenth Reg iment, recruited under this caU, and Judge Wheelock G. Veazey, of Rutland, colonel of the Sixteenth. These, with the Thirteenth and Twelfth, were brigaded together, and commanded by Brigadier-General Edwin H. Stough ton, until he was captured, when the command devolved upon Colonel Asa P. Blunt, of the Twelfth. In April, 1S63, Brigadier-General George J. Stannard was given the command. UntU June, 1863, the brigade was. stationed in front of Washington, the various regiments being located in the vicinity of Fairfax and Wolf Run Shoals, and engaged principally in picket duty. On the 25 th of June the brig ade left the hne of works, under orders to report to Major-General Reynolds, commanding the First Corps. On the evening of July i the brigade joined that corps at Gettysburg, after an exhausting march of seven days, during which they made more than one hundred and twenty-five miles. The Twelfth and Fifteenth Regiments w&xe ordered to the rear to protect wagon trains, and io6 History of Addison County. did not participate in the battles of the 2d and 3d, although the Fifteenth, un der Colonel Proctor, was advanced towards the front after the first order to the rear. To the Twelfth and Fifteenth the order was given that the regiment numbering the most men should go to the front, and the Fifteenth slightly out-counted the Twelfth, but the service of the latter proved fully as impor tant as that of the other, the Fifteenth being again sent to the rear the next day. On the evening of the 2d of July the remaining regiments of the brig ade were moved to the front line, to fill the place of troops that had been shattered by the onslaughts of the enemy. To give the reader an idea of the very important and gaUant service of this brigade in the Gettysburg battle of the 3d we cannot do better than reproduce a portion of the official report of General Stannard, as foUows : " Before reaching the ground the Twelfth and Fifteenth Regiments were detached, by order of General Reynolds, as a guard to the corps wagon train in the rear. The Fifteenth rejoined the brigade next morning, but was again ordered back for the same duty about noon of that day. After the opening ofthe battle ofthe 2d, the left wing of the Thirteenth Regiment, under Lieu tenant-Colonel Munson, was ordered forward as a support to a battery, and a company of the Sixteenth was sent out as a support to the skirmishers in our front While stationing them Captain A. G. Foster, assistant inspector-general of my staff, was seriously wounded by a baU through both legs, depriving me of his valuable services for the remainder of the battle. Just before dark of the same day, our army line on the left of the center having become broken under a desperate charge of the enemy, my brigade was ordered up. The right wing of the Thirteeeth Regiment, under command of Colonel Randall, was in advance, and upon reaching the breach in the line was granted by Gen eral Hancock, commanding upon the spot, the privilege of making efforts to retake the guns of Company C, Regular Battery, which had just been cap tured by the enemy. " This they performed in a gallant charge, in which Colonel RandaU's horse was shot under him. Four guns of the battery were retaken, and two rebel field pieces, with about eighty prisoners, were captured by five companies of the Thirteenth in this single charge. The front line thus re-established, was held by this brigade for twenty-six hours. About two o'clock of the 3d in stant the enemy commenced a vigorous attack upon our position. After sub jecting us for an hour and a half to the severest cannonade of the whole battie from nearly one hundred guns, the enemy charged with a heavy column of in fantry. The charge was aimed directiy upon my command, but owing appar- entiy to the firm front shown them, the enemy diverged midway and came upon the hne on my right. But they did not thus escape the warm reception prepared for them ^by the Vermonters. As soon as the change of the point of attack became evident, I ordered a flank attack upon the enemy's column. The War of the Rebellion. 107 Forming in the open meadow in front of our line, the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Regiments marched down in column by the flank, changed front forward at right angle to the main line of battle of the army, bringing them in line of battle upon the flank of the charging column of the enemy, and opened a destructive fire at short range, which the enemy sustained but a few min utes before the larger portion of them surrendered and marched in, not as con querors, but as captives. They had hardly dropped their arms before another rebel column appeared charging upon our left Colonel Veazey, of the Six teenth, was at once ordered back to take it in its turn upon the flank. This was done as successfully as before. The rebel force, already decimated by the fire of the Fourteeenth Regiment, was scooped almost en masse into our lines. The Sixteenth took in this charge the regimental colors of the Second Florida and Eighth Virginia Regiments, aud the battle flag of another rebel regiment " The Sixteenth was supported for a time in the now advanced position it occupied, after the charge, by four companies of the Fourteenth, under com mand of Lieutenant-Colonel Rose. " The movements I have briefly described were executed in the open field under a heavy fire of shell, grape and musketry, and they were performed with the promptness and precision of battalion drill. They ended the contest on the center and substantially closed the battle. " Officers and men behaved like veterans, although it was for most of them their first battie, and I am content to leave it to the witnesses of the fight whether or no they sustained the credit of the service and the honor of our Green Mountain Boys." Littie need be added of the brilliant part taken by this brigade in that memorable battie. It is still characterized as a most important feature of the engagement, particularly the action of the Sixteenth Regiment under Colonel Veazey. The total killed in the brigade were reported as thirty-nine, and wounded two hundred and forty-eight ; of these the Fourteenth Regiment lost seventeen kiUed and sixty-eight wounded. The terms of service of the regiments in this brigade soon expired and they were mustered out, the Twelfth on the 14th of July; the Thirteenth, July 21st; the Fourteenth, July 30th; the Fifteenth, August 5th, and the Sixteenth, Au gust I oth. statistics. The following statements show the enlistments from the various towns of the county in the various companies and regiments, as given in the State reports, and will prove valuable for reference, with relation to what has pre ceded : Second Regiment. — Addison, co. K, 15 ; co. F, 3, Bridport, co. K, 3. Bristol, CO. G, i ; co. K, 2. CornwaU, co. K, i. Ferrisburgh, co. K, 4; co. io8 History of Addison County. H, I ; CO. G, 4. GranviUe, co. F, 2 ; s. s., i. Hancock, co. E, i ; co, D, i. Leicester, co. K, i. Lincoln, co. K, 6. Middlebury, co. F, 3 ; co. K, 5 ; s, s., I. Monkton, co. H, i ; co. D, i ; co. G, i. New Haven, co. K, 9 ; co. E, i, s. s. I. Panton, co. K, 16; co. F, i; navy, 3 ; 2 in other organizations, Ripton, CO. E, i ; s. s., i. Sahsbury, co K, 13; co. I, i. Shoreham, co. K, 12. Vergennes, co. K, 16; co. G, 2; co. H, 2 ; co. F, 8 ; co. D, 2. Walt ham, CO. F, I. Weybridge, co. K, 10; co. F, i ; co. B, i. Whiting, co. G, I ; CO. E, 2. Fifth Regiment. — Addison, co. B, i. Bridport, co. F, 10. Bristol, co. F, 9; CO. B, 28; GO. I, I. Cornwall, co. B, 5 ; co. F, 21 ; co. H,, i ; co. K, i. Ferrisburgh, co. B, 2. Goshen, co. H, 7. GranviUe, co. I, i ;, co. E, 2 ; 2 in other organizations. Hancock, co. B, i. Leicester, co. F, 6; co. H, i. Lin coln, CO. F, 3 ; CO. B, 9. Middlebury, co. F, 15 ; co. B, 45.; 2 in other organ,- izations. Monkton, co. B, i ; co. F, i ; 8 in navy. New Haven, co. F, 6 ; CO. B, 13 ; CO. H, I. OrweU, co. H, 23 ; co. F, 2 ; co. A, 2 ; co. B, 2 ; navy, 5. Panton, co. B, i, Ripton, co. F, 17; co. B, 3. Salisbury, co. F, 17; co. B, I ; CO. H, I. Shoreham, co. B, 4; co. F, 2; co. A, 10. Starksboro, co. B, 13; CO. K, 8 ; CO. F, 2 ; and 6 in other organizations. Vergennes, co. E, i ; CO. F, 4; CO. B, 2. Waltham, co. B, i. Weybridge, co. F, 4; co. B, 5, Whi^ ting, CO. C, I ; co. B, i ; co. H, i ; i not recorded. Sixth Regiment. — Addison, o. Bridport, co. A, 3. Bristol, co. A, 20; i not recorded. Ferrisburgh, co. D, i ; co. I, 2 ; co. A, 2. Granville, co. G, 8 ; CO. H, 2. Hancock, co. H, i ; co. G, i. Lincoln, co. A, 18 ; co. G, 4. Mid dlebury, CO. A, II. Monkton, co. A, 18; co. H, i. New Haven, co. A,, 8. OrweU, CO. F, 2. Ripton, co. A, 6 ; co. F, 3 ; i not recorded. Salisbury, co. F, I. Shoreham, co. A, 2. Starksboro, co. A, 7; co. I, I. Vergennes, co. G, I ; CO. A, II. Weybridge, co. G, 2. Seventh Regiment. — Addison, co. C, 2. Bridport, co. C, 3. Bristol,, co. C, 6 ; CO. K, I ; co. H, i ; i not recorded. Cornwall, co. C, 3. Ferrisburgh, CO. A, I ; CO. B, 7 ; and 7 in other organizations. Goshen, co. B, 6 ; co. H, I. GranvviUe, co. B, 2 ; co. C, 2 ; co. K, i ; co. D, i. Hancock, co. C, i ; co. A. I ; CO. B, I. Leicester, co. B, 2, Middlebury, co. C, 49 ; co. H, i ; i chaplain. New Haven, co. A, 2 ; co. C, 11 ; co, F, i ; co. K, i, Orwell, co. B, I, Panton, co. C, i ; co. E, i. Ripton, co. C, 3. Sahsbury, co. C, 13. Starksboro, co. A, 2 ; co. C, i ; co. H, 3 ; co. K, 2. Vergennes, co. C, 7 ; co. K, I ; CO. I, I ; co. B, 3 ; co. H, 2 ; co. G, 2 ; i in N. C. S. and i adj. Wey bridge, CO. C, I ; 2 not recorded. Ni?ith Regiment. — Addison, co. C, 6. Bridport, co. C, 13. Bristol, co. C, 9; CO. F, I ; CO. E, I. Cornwall, co. C, 2 ; i major Ferrisburgh, co. B, i; CO. C, 13. Goshen i, not in company. GranviUe, co. B, i. Hancock, coi C, 3. Leicester co. B, i ; co. D, i ; 2 in other organizations. Lmcoln, co. C, 7 ; CO. B, I ; CO. D, I. Middlebury, co. C, 16; co. B, i. Monkton, co. C, 14;, co. The War of the Rebellion. 109 F, I ; CO. A, 6. New Haven, co. C, 20; co. I, i. Orwell, co. C, 6; co, B, 1. Panton, co. C, i ; Ripton, co. C, 2. Starksboro, co. C, 12; co. F, i ; co. B, 12 ; CO, A, 3. Vergennes, co. C, 5, Waltham, co, C, 8. Weybridge, co. C, 3! Whiting, CO. I, 2; co. F, i. Eleventh Regiment. — AAdison, co. B, 18; co. L, i. Bridport, co. B, 12. Bristol, CO. B, 5 ; co. L, i ; co. E, i. Cornwall, co. B, 7; co. A, i ; i A. S. Ferrisburgh, co. B, 9 ; co. L, 2 ; co. E, i. Goshen, co. C, i. Granville, co. B, 9; CO. D, I. Hancock, co. B, 7; co. D, i. Leicester, co. B, i ; co. C, i ; co. H, 2 ; CO. K, I. Lincoln, co. L, i ; co. H, 5, Middlebury, co. L, i ; co. B, 5 ; CO. D, I ; CO. K, I. Monkton, co. B, 4; co. E, i ; co. M, i. New Haven, co. B, 3 ; CO. E, I ; co. M, i. Orwell, co. B, n ; co. C, 8 ; co. K, 2. Panton, co. B, I. Ripton, CO. B, i ; co. L, i. Sahsbury, co. B, 6. Shoreham, co. B, 17; CO. M, I. Starksboro, co. C, i ; co. L, i. Vergennes, co. B, i ; co. E, i ; co. L, I ; I sur Weybridge, co. B, 4; i chaplain. Whiting, co. B, 10 ; co. C, I ; CO. M, I. Fourteenth Regiment. — Addison, co. I, 15 ; co. D, i ; co. E, i. Bridport, CO. D, 17. Bristol, CO. G, 17; co. I, 2. Cornwall, co. D, 13 ; co. E, 4. Fer risburgh, CO. I, 20; CO. G, I. Goshen, co. I, 3. GranviUe, co. I, 5. Hancock, CO. E, I. Lincoln, CO. G, 13. Middlebury, co. E, 54. Monkton, co. G, 9 ; co. I, 3. New Haven, co. G, 9; co. I, 5 ; i S. M. Orwell, co. D, 18; co. E, i. Panton, co. I, 6. Ripton, co. E, i. Salisbury, co. E, n. Shoreham, co. D, 19; CO. E, 3. Starksboro, co. I, 6; co. G, 20. Vergennes, co. I, 5. Waltham, co. E, I. Weybridge, co. E, 14. Whiting, co. E, 6; co. D, i ; co. K, i. Seventeenth Regiment. — Addison, co. G, 3; co. H, i. Bridport, co. H, 5 ; CO. K, I ; co. E, i. Bristol, co. H, 5 ; co. B, i. CornwaU, co. H, i. Fer risburgh, CO. B, 12; CO. F, I. Granville, co. D, 5 ; co. H, i. Hancock, co. H, 3. Lincoln, co. H, 4. Middlebury, co. H, 3 ; co. D, i. Monkton, co. B, i ; co. H, I, New Haven, co. C, 2 ; 3 in other organizations. Panton, co. I, i. Salis bury, CO. H, 3. Starksboro, co. H, 4. Whiting, co. H, i. To conclude this record of the immence services of the men of Addison county in suppressing the most gigantic rebellion the world has ever known, it should be stated that many recruits from this county and vicinity were en listed in the sharpshooters, artillery and other organizations, the records of which cannot be expected we should follow in these pages ; their history will be properly traced by abler hands in other volumes. In order that the individual promotions of Addison county men whose deeds brought them commissions as officers may be understood by the reader, we give place to the following roster In the absence of more detailed personal sketches, for which space in these pages cannot be allowed, this record will be of great value. It should also be remembered that complete rolls of enlisted men in the various towns in the county will be found in the histories of the towns in later pages of this work. They are placed in that position in order no History of Addison County. to render each of the town histories complete in itself, and in connection with this chapter, form a very perfect millitary record of this county : ROSTER OF ADDISON COUNTY FIELD, STAFF, AND COMPANY OFFICERS. Abell, Charles E., of Orwell, age 26, captain co. D, 14th regt, Oct 21, '62. Mustered out of service, July 30, '63. Allen, Lewis J., of Ferrisburgh, age 21, private co. F, ist regt U. S. S. S., Sept 2, '61. Sergeant, Sept. 13, '61. First sergeant Re-enlisted Jan. 2, '64. Wounded May 5, '64. Honorably discharged as first sergeant, October 9, '64, for wounds. Allen, Solomon T., of Panton, captain co. I, 14th regt, Oct 21, '62. Mus tered out of service July 30, '63. Atwood, Henry C, of Sahsbury, age 25, assistant surgeon, 5th regt.. May 10, '63. Resigned June 25, '63. Baker, Perry A., of Whiting, age 22, private 3d battery light artiUery, Oct 9, '61. Sergeant, Dec. 16, '61. Sergeant-major, Dec. i, '62. Second lieu tenant, July 17, '63. First lieutenant, Aug. 22, '64. Mustered out of service July 31, '65. Barney, Edwin A., of Monkton, age 27, private co. A, 6th regt. Sept 25, '61. Corporal, Oct 15, '61. Sergeant, Aug. 22, '63. Re-enlisted Dec. 15, '63. Wounded May 5, '64. First sergeant, Nov. i, '64. Second lieutenant, Nov. 12, '64. First lieutenant, June 4, '65. Mustered out of service as second lieutenant June 26, '65. Barrett, Daniel E., of Middlebury, age 19, private co. B, Aug. 20, '61. Cor poral, Sept 16, '61. Sergeant Re-enlisted Dec. 16, '63. Wounded Oct 19, '64. First lieutenant co. K, Dec. 4, '64. Captain co. G, June 7, '65. Mus tered out of service June 39, '65. Beach, Watson O., of Salisbury, age 29, private co. F, 5th regt Aug. 26, '61. Sergeant, Sept 16, '61. First sergeant Second lieutenant, April 14, '63. First heutenant, Nov. i, '63. Killed in action at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64. Begor, Peter, of Monkton, age 23, private co. A, 6th regt, Oct 2, '61. Re-enlisted Dec. 15, '63. Corporal, June i, '64. Sergeant, Nov. i, '64. Sec ond heutenant, June 4, '65. Mustered out of service as sergeant June 26, '65. Bird, Elijah W., of New Haven, age 23, private co. C, Dec. 14, '63. Cor poral Oct 25, '64. Transferred to co. A by reason of consohdation of regi ment, June 13, '65. Sergeant, June 14, '65. First lieutenant, Sept. 2, '65. Mustered out of service Dec. i, '65. Bird, Riley A., of Bristol, age 25, first heutenant co. A, 6th regt, Oct 4, '61. Captain, Nov. i, '62. Killed in action at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64. Bogart, WiUiam E., of Weybridge, age 25, chaplain nth regt. Sept i,'62. Resigned Nov. 29, '62. Bolton, James F,, of Middlebury, age 40, private co. C, 9th regt,, May 30, The War of the Rebellion. in '62. First sergeant, July 9, '62. Wounded February 2, '64. First heutenant, Jan. I, '62. Honorably discharged Nov. 22, '64, for wounds. Branch, Charles F., of OrweU, age 23, private co. C, 9th regt, June 23, '62. Corporal, July 9, '62. Sergeant, Jan. 27, '64. First sergeant, Feb. i, '64. Second lieutenant co. H, Dec. 21, '64. First lieutenant co. C, May 20, '65. Transferred to co. A by reason of consolidation of regiment, June 13, '65. Cap tain, Aug. 31, '65. Mustered out of service Dec. i, '65. Briggs, Gordon N., of Whiting, age 31, private co. F, 9th regt., Feb. 25, '65. Transferred to co. B by reason of consolidation of regiment, June 13, '65. Second lieutenant. Sept i, '65. Mustered out of service Dec. 1,65. Carroll, Henry, of New Haven, age 37, private co. K, 2d regt. May 15, '61. First sergeant, June 20, '61. Second lieutenant July 23, '62. Wounded July 10, '63. Prisoner, May 6, '64. Paroled. Mustered out of service Jan uary 6, '65. Cheney, Ozro F., of Bridport, age 22, private co. K, frontier cav., Oct 7, '61. Corporal, Nov. 19, '61. Sergeant Re-enlisted Dec. 31, '63. First ser geant, Nov. I, '64. Second heutenant, April 14, '65. Mustered out of service as first sergeant, June 21, '65. Child, Andrew J., of Weybridge, age 26, second lieutenant co. E, 14th regt, Oct 21, '62. Mustered out of service July 30, '63. CoUins, Isaac N., of Middlebury, age 20, private co. C, 7th regt, Nov. 20, '61. Sergeant Feb. 12, '62. First sergeant, Oct. 10, '62. Second lieutenant, Jan. 28, '63. Resigned, Oct 28, '63. Comstock, Olney A., of Middlebury, age 22, second lieutenant co. B, 5th regt.. Sept 16, '61. Killed in action at Savage Station, Va., June 19, '62. Converse, John R., of Panton, age 20, private co. I, 14th regt, Sept 16, '62. Second lieutenant July 3, '63. Mustered out of service July 30, '63. Re-enlisted first heutenant co. H, 17th regt. May 19, '64. KUled in action before Petersburg, Va., July 30, '64. Cook, Hiram, of Bristol, age 35, private co. B, 5th regt, August 3, '61. Sergeant. First sergeant Re-enlisted Dec. 15, '63. Wounded May 5, '64. First heutenant co. C, Nov. 10, '64. Captain co. B, May 2, '65. Mustered out of service June 29, '65. Corey, George H., of Bridport, age 18, private co. H, 17th regt, Feb. 29, '64. Sergeant, April 12, '64. First sergeant First lieutenant, July 10, '65. Mustered out of service as first sergeant July 14, '65. Corey, Charles W., of Bridport, age 25, private co. D, 14th regt., Aug. 29, '62. First sergeant, Oct. 21, '62. First lieutenant co. D, May i, '63. Mus tered out of service July 30, '63. Corey, Charies W., of Bridport, age 27, captain co. H, 17th regt.. May 16, '64, Brevet major, April 2, '65, for gallantry in assault on Petersburg, Va., April 2, '65. Mustered out of service July I4, '65. 112 History of Addison County. Crane, Albert A., of Bridport, age 24, private co. A, 6th regt., Oct 3, '61. Sergeant, Oct 15, '61. Second heutenant co. A, Aug. 21, '62. First lieuten ant, Nov. I, '62. Killed in action at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64. Crane, Cyrus R., of Bridport, age 25, first lieutenant co. F, Sth regt. Sept 4, '61. Captain, June 21, '62. Transferred to co. K, Jan. 24, '63. Captain, Dec. 10, '62. Discharged March 13, '63, for wounds received in action. Dayton, Durell W., of Middlebury, age 35, chaplain 2d regt, Aug. 18, '62. Resigned January 6, '63. Decelle, Augustus A., of Shoreham, age 18, private co. K, 2d regt. May 2, '61. Corporal, Dec. 31, '62. Re-enlisted Jan. 31, '64. Sergeant, Aug, 4, '64. First sergeant, Dec. 24, '64. First heutenant, Dec. 24, '64. Captain, June 7, '65. Mustered out of service as first lieutenant July 15, '65. Drury, Eben M., of Vergennes, age 40, private co. K, 2d regt. May 15, '61. Sergeant, June 20, '61. First sergeant. Wounded July 10, '63, and May 5, '64. First lieutenant, Aug. 9, '62. Mustered out of service June 29, 1S64. Dunshee, Noble F., of Bristol, captain co. G, 14th regt, Oct 21, '62. Mustered out of service July 30, '63. Dyer, Benjamin N., of Leicester, age 34, first heutenant 3d bat. hght artU lery, Dec. 16, '61. Dismissed the service Oct 25, '62. Eaton, Solon, of Addison, age 22, captain co. K, 2d regt, June 20, '61. Resigned August 4, '62. Eells, Isaac L, of Middlebury, age 27, private co. F, 5th regt, Aug. 27, '61. Corporal, Sept. 16, '61. Sergeant Regt com. sergeant. May i, '65. Re-enlisted Dec. 15, '63. Second lieutenant co. A, April 5, '64. Quarter master, July 30, '64. Mustered out of service June 29, '65. Frost, Henry M., of Middlebury, age — , chaplain 7th regt, Feb. 12, '62. Resigned Aug. 9, '62. Gage, WUliam W., of Monkton, age 22, private co. B, nth regt, July 21, '62. Sergeant, Sept. i, 62. Second Ueutenant, Dec. 28, '63. First heuten ant CO. F, June 2, '65. Mustered out of service June 24, '65. Gale, George S., of Bridport, age 47, surgeon ist cav., Nov. 19, '61. Mus tered out of service Nov. 18, '64. Grace, James, of Middlebury, age 18, private co. B, Sth regt, Aug. 19, '61. Sergeant, Sept 16, '61. Re-enlisted Feb. 20, '64. Wounded May 5, '64. First sergeant, Feb. i, '65. First heutenant co. H, June 13, '65. Mustered out of service June 29, '65. Hamilton, Eugene A., of Sahsbury, age 31, second heutenant co. F, sth regt. Sept 4, '61. First lieutenant, June 21, '62. Captain, Jan. 24, '63. Mustered out service Sept. 15, '64. Hanchett, Henry, of New Haven, age 22, private co. C, 7th regt, Nov. 21, '61. First sergeant, Feb. 12, '62. Second lieutenant, Oct 9, '62. Resigned January 27, '63. The War of the Rebellion. 113 Heath, Orville W., of Middlebury, age 25, second lieutenant co. I, ist regt. May 2, '61. Mustered out of service Aug. 15, '61. Herbert, Henry, of Middlebury, age 19, first lieutenant co. H, ist battery Ught artillery, Dec. 21, '61. Resigned Nov. 24, '62. Howe, George G., of Shoreham, age 26, private co. B, nth regt, July 17, '62. First sergeant. Sept i, '62. Second lieutenant, June 7, '63. First lieu tenant, Dec. 28, '63. Captain co. I, June 6, '65. Mustered out of service June 24, '65. Hoyt, Jonathan M., of New Haven, age 24, second lieutenant co. K, 2d regt, June 20, '61. Resigned July 17, '62. Hulburt, Ward B., of Weybridge, age 19, private co. K, 2d regt. May 20, '61. Corporal, June 20, '61. Sergeant, Sept. i, '62. Re-enlisted March 20, '64. First lieutenant co. K, June 20, '64. Captain co. K, Feb. 5, '65. Mus tered out of service July 15, '65. Hunsdon, Charles, of Shoreham, age 32, captain co. B, nth regt., August 13, '62. Major, Nov. 2, '63. Lieutenant- colonel, Sept. 2, '64. Colonel, June 2, '65. Mustered out of service June 24, '65. Huntingdon, Henry D., of New Haven, age 21, private co. B, 5th regt, Aug. 23, '61. Re-enlisted Dec. 15, '63. Sergeant, Dec. 20, '63. Wounded June 29, '62, May 5, '64, and June 3, '64. First lieutenant co. C, May 4, '65. Mustered out of service June 29, '65. Jones, Walter S., of Shoreham, age 22, private co. B, nth regt, Aug. n, '62. Corporal, Sept i, '62. Sergeant, April 7, '63. First sergeant, Aug. n, '63, Second heutenant co. C, Dec. 2, '64, First lieutenant co. K, May 23, '65. Transferred to co. B, captain, June 6, '65. Mustered out of service June 24, '65. Kidder, Charies W. B., of Vergennes, age 43, surgeon nth regt, Sept i, '62. Resigned Sept 10, '63. Lucia, Joel H., of Bridport, age 22, private co, H, Feb. 29, '64. First ser geant, April 12, '64. Wounded Sept 30, '64. First heutenant, March 9, '65. Mustered out of service July 14, '65. Mason, Andrew J,, of New Haven, age 26, private co. F, 5th regt. Sept S, '61. First sergeant Second lieutenant, July 9, '62. Resigned March 31, '63- Mason, Charies W., of New Haven, age 23, second heutenant co. F, 14th regt, Oct 21, '62. Mustered out of service July 30, '63. McCormic, Charies, of Middlebury, age 18, private co. C, 7th regt., Dec. 27, '61. Corporal, Feb. 12, '62. Sergeant, Sept 12, '62. Re-enlisted Feb. 15, '64. First sergeant, July i, '64. First lieutenant, Dec. 5, '64. Mustered out of service March 14, '66. Middlebrook, Theophilus C, of Ferrisburgh, age 23, first lieutenant co. I, 14th regt, Oct 21, '62. Resigned Jan. 7, '63. 114 History of Addison County. Moore, Franklin, of Shoreham, age 45, captain co. K, ist cavalry, Nov. 19, '61. Resigned July 14, '62. Moore, Herbert H., of Middlebury, age 18, private co. C, 9th regt, June 7, '62. Corporal, July 9, '62. Sergeant, July 1 1, '63. First sergeant, March 17, '64. Second heutenant, June 10, '64. First heutenant, Dec. 29, '64. Re signed May 9, '65. Murdick, Newton, of Middlebury, age 24, private co. B, 5th regt, Aug. 24, '61. Re-enlisted Dec. 15, '63. Wounded April 16, '62, and June 3, '64. Sergeant, Oct iS, '64. First sergeant. May 12, '65. Second lieutenant, June 4, '65. Mustered out of service as first sergeant June 29, '65. Neddo, George, of Middlebury, age 22, private co. A, 6th regt, Oct 2, '61. Sergeant First sergeant Second lieutenant. May 15, '64. First lieutenant, July I, '64. Mustered out of service Oct. 28, '64. Needham, Henry B., of Middlebury, age 23, first lieutenant co. E, 14th regt., Oct 21, '62. Mustered out of service July 30, '63. Palmer, Edson B., of New Haven, age 21, private co. C, 9th regt, Nov. 30, '63. Corporal, June 15, '64. Transferred to co. A by reason of consolidation of regimenrt, June 13, '65. Sergeant, June 14, '65. Second lieutenant. Sept 2, '65. Mustered out of service Dec. i, '65. Parker, Charles E., of Vergennes, age 22, adjutant 7th regt, Jan. i, '62. Captain co. E, Dec. 9, '62. Resigned Oct 22, '63. Parker, Edward B., of Middlebury, age 20, private co. C, nth regt, Aug. 8, '62. Sergeant, Sept i, '62. Second lieutenant, Jan. 16, '64. Taken prisoner June 23, '64, and died at Columbus, S. C, Oct 13, '64, from injuries received from bloodhounds. Parker, George, jr, of Vergennes, age 21, captain co. A, 6th regt, Oct 15, '61. Resigned Oct 21, '62. Perry, Henry L, of Salisbury, age 27, private co. C, 7th regt, Dec. 14, 61. Re-enlisted Feb. 23, '64. Corporal, May i, '64. Sergeant, July i, '64. Second lieutenant, March i, '66. Mustered out of service as sergeant March 14, '65. Porter, Henry M., of Middlebury, age 26, captain co. C, 6th regt, Jan. 15, '62. Major, Aug. 28, '62. Lieutenant-colonel, June 29, '65. Colonel, Sept I, '65. Mustered out of service as lieutenant-colonel March 14, '65. Prindle, John A., of Vergennes, age 19, private co. C, 7th regt, Nov. 21, '61. Regimental quartermaster-sergeant, July i, '63. Re-enhsted Feb. 18, '64. First lieutenant co. K, Sept 13, '64. Captain, Nov. 23, '65. Mustered out of service March 14, '66. RandaU, Charles J. S., of Bristol, age 28, private co. A, 6th regt Oct. 14, '61. Regimental quartermaster-sergeant, Aug. 25, '62. Second lieutenant co. A, Nov. I, '62. First lieutenant. May 15, '64. Quartermaster, Jan. 28, '65. Mustered out of service June 26, '65. The War of the Rebellion. 115 Raymond, Edson M., of Orwell, age 32, private co. H, 5th regt. Sept 3, '61. Corporal, Sept 16, '61. Sergeant, Dec. 15, '63. Re-enlisted Dec. 15, '63. First Lieutenant co. D, Sept 15, '64. Captain, Dec. 31, '65. Wounded AprU 2, '65. Honorably discharged June 2, '65, for wounds. Rice, John R, of Bridport, private co. K, age 28, ist cavalry. Sept 25, '61. Sergeant, Nov. 13, '61. First sergeant Wounded July 6, '63. Re-enlisted Feb, 18, '64. First heutenant, Nov. 19, '64. Mustered out of service June 21, '65. Rich, Edwin, of Middlebury, age 39, captain co. E, 14th regt, Oct 21, '62. Mustered out of service July 30, '63. Rose, Charles W., of Middlebury, age 23, first heutenant co. I, ist regt, May 2, '61. Mustered out of service Aug. 15, '61. Re-enlisted. Captain co. B, 5th Vermont volunteers. Sept 4, '61. Wounded June 29, '62. Lieutenant- colonel 14th regt, Oct 21, '62. Mustered out service July 30, '63. Ross, Oliver E., of CornwaU, age 24, colonel 12th regt, Jan. 29, '63. Mus tered out of service July 14, '63. RusseU, WiUiam P., of Middlebury, age 50, surgeon 5th regt.. Sept 16, '61. Honorably discharged Oct n, '61, for disabiUty. Sayles, Lensie R, of Leicester, captain 2d battery hght artillery, Dec. 16, '61. Resigned Feb. 20, '62. Severance, PhUo S., of Middlebury, age 21, private co. B, nth regt., July 19, '62. Corporal, Sept. i, '62. Sergeant, Dec. 26, '63. Second lieutenant, June 16, '65. Mustered out of service June 24, '65. Smith, Luman, of Addison, age iS, private co. C, 9th regt, July 7, '62. Corporal. Sergeant, March 21, '64. First sergeant, March 24, '65. Sec ond heutenant. May 20, '65. Mustered out of service as first sergeant, June 13, '65.Smith, Charies H., of Addison, age 19, second lieutenant co. B, nth regt., Sept I, '62. Deserted from arrest June 8, '63. Sneden, George W., ofNew Haven, age 22, private co. C, 9th regt, June 21, '62. Corporal, July 9, '62. Sergeant, July 1 1, '63. First sergeant, Aug. 20, '64. Second heutenant, Dec. 29, '64. Resigned May 4, '65. Sprague, Edwin H., of Middlebury, age 45, surgeon 15th regt, Oct 21, '62. Discharged Nov. 14, '62, for incompetency. Spencer, Orin L, of Sahsbury, age 22, private co. F, 5th regt, Aug. 20, '61. Sergeant, Sept 16, '61. Sergeant-major, July 10, '62. Second lieuten ant, CO. D, Jan. 24, '63. First lieutenant, co. G, Nov. 24, '63. Mustered out of service Sept 15, '64. StoweU, Henry, Vergennes, age 22, private co. B, 7tii regt, Dec. 28, '61. Corporal, Feb. 12, '62. Sergeant, Oct 18, '62. Second lieutenant, co. F, March i,' '63. First heutenant, Oct 22, '63. Captain co. C, September 27, '64. Mustered out of service March 14, '66. Thomas, Cyrus, of Weybridge, age 26, private co. B, i ith regt., Aug. 7, ii6 History of Addison County. '62. Sergeant, Sept i, '62. Company quartermaster-sergeant. May 2, '64. Second Ueutenant, Jan. 6, '65. Wounded Oct 19, '64, and AprU 2, '65. First heutenant co. D, June 4, '65. Mustered out of service as second lieutenant co. B, June 4, '65. Tracy, Amos F., of Middlebury, age 22, first lieutenant co. K, 2d regt. May 28, '61. Captain, co. H, Jan. 24, '62. Major, April 2, '63, Lieutenant- colonel, June 17, '64. Wounded May 3, '63, and October 19, '64. Brevet colonel, April 2, '65, for gallantry in assault on Petersburg, Va., April 2, '65. Mustered out of service as lieutenant-colonel July 15, '65. Walker, Aldace F., of Middlebury, age 20, first Ueutenant co. B, i ith regt, Aug. 13, '62. Captain co. C, Nov. 30, '62. Transferred to co. D, July 11, '63. Major, June 28, '64. Brevet lieutenant-colonel, Oct. 19, '64, for distin guished gallantry in the several engagements in the Shenandoah Valley. Lieu tenant-colonel, June 2, '65. Mustered out of service June 24, '65. Ward, John S., of Shoreham, age 41, first lieutenant co. K, first cavalry, Oct 21, 62. Captain July 16, '62. Resigned Nov. 19, '62. Wright, Don Juan, of Shoreham, age 27, second lieutenant co. D, 14th regt, Oct 21, '62. Mustered out of service July 30, '63. WUUamson, Charles H., of Middlebury, age 18, private co. B, Sth regt, Aug. 20, '61. Sergeant First Sergeant Second Lieutenant co. K, March 21, '63. Transferred to co. B, March 25, '63. First lieutenant, Nov. 14, '63. Mustered out of service Sept 13, '64. Worcester, George B., of Ferrisburgh, age 22, private co. G, 2d regt.. May 7, '61. Sergeant June 20, '61. First sergeant Second heutenant, March 10, '63. Dismissed the service April 5, '64, for inefficiency and conduct unbecom ing an officer and gentleman. Wright, Wilson D., of Middlebury, age 23, first lieutenant co. B, sth regt,, Sept 16, '61. Honorably discharged Aug. 23, '62, for wounds received in action at Savage Station, June 29, '62. CHAPTER IX. COUNTY BUILDINOS, SOCIETIES, INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS, CIVIL LIST, ETC. Places for Holding Early Courts — The First Court-House — The Old Wooden Jail — The Stone Jail — Removal of the Court-House — The New Brick Court-House — Addison County Agricultural Society — The Champlain VaUey Agricultural Association — Middlebury Historical Society — Internal Improvements — Old Mihtary Road — Old Time Traveling — The Building of Railroads — Rutland and Bennington Railroad — Vermont and Canada Road — The Vermont Central — Civil List. ALTHOUGH the first courts of this county were held in the town of Addi son (down to the September term of 1792), there were no public build ings provided, the sessions being held at the houses of Benjamin Paine at Chim- Buildings, Societies, Internal Improvements, Etc 117 ney Point, Zadock Everest, Jonah Case and his widow's house after his death, aU on the shore of Lake Champlain. When Middlebury was made the shire town of the county and the courts removed thither, in the latter part of 1 792, the courts were held for several years in the public houses ; first in that of John Deming on the ground now occupied by the Congregational Church, and later in the tavern of Samuel Mattocks, on the site of the Addison House. The first court-house was buUt by subscription of the citizens of Middle bury and vicinity, on land donated by GamaUel Painter, who was never back ward in his encouragement of any undertaking looking to the upbuilding of the viUage. He had already deeded to the viUage a tract of land for " the only expressed purpose and use of a common, never to be divided, or put to any other use." The deed of the land for the court-house was under date of May 22, 1794, and was given to Jabez Rogers, Joseph Cook and Eleazer Claghorn, together with all other inhabitants of the county of Addison, and the descrip tion of the land is as follows : " Beginning at a heap of stones at the southwest corner of an acre lot of land, which said Painter formerly sold to Simeon Dud ley; thence running south, 30 minutes east, on the east line of a certain piece of land said Painter formerly gave to the people of said county, three chains and seventy-eight links to a stake ; thence east 30 minutes north three chains and seventy-three links to a stake ; thence north 30 minutes west three chains and seventy-eight links to a stake standing in the south line of said Dudley's lot ; thence a straight line to the bounds begun at, containing one acre and sixty-five rods," " for the express use and purpose of erecting a court-house and jail thereon, and as a common, never to be divided or put to any other use" On this lot a wooden jail was first buUt, and in 1796 the old court-house was begun; but it was not finished and occupied until 1798. The Dudley lot mentioned refers to the lot on which Samuel Mattocks built his tavern and where the Addison House now stands. The court-house stood on the brow of the hUl five or six rods north of the present Wainwright House. The jail was erected about on the same line ; it contained a tenement for the jaUor's family, with a dungeon and prisoners' rooms. In that period the Legislature of Vermont, as it has been facetiously said, " had its headquarters on wheels," and held its sessions in various places from year to year; Middlebury received the honor in 1800 and in 1806. In antici pation of the session of 1800, the court-house, says Judge Swift, "was built with reference to their use. One high room, arched overhead, with long win dows, and seats rising towards the rear, and a gaUery over the entrance at the west end, constituted the whole interior of the building. The General Assem bly held its session in it in the years 1 800 and 1806. The inhabitants of the town having contributed towards its erection, it was used also as a town room. And until the completion of the new church, in 1809, it was occupied by the iiS History of Addison County. Congregational Society as a place of worship, and for all meetings of the so ciety. There being no other suitable room in the village, it was used for pub lic meetings of every character. By the arrangement of the roads in the vicin ity and the business, which centered there, these buildings were left in an ex posed condition, without inclosures, and the whole grounds around them became a thoroughfare for teams and other modes of travel. The jaU, espe cially, came to be regarded as too unsafe and uncomfortable for the purpose for which it was designed. Accordingly, in November, 1S09, the Legislature passed an act assessing a tax of one cent on a dollar on the lists of the several towns in the county (except the city of Vergennes, which maintained a jaU of its own), for the purpose of erecting a jail in Middlebury, to be paid into the treasury of the county by the first day of February, iSii, and authorized the judges of the County Court to appoint an agent to superintend the erection. They appointed Hon. Daniel Chipman, who proceeded to procure a suitable lot for its site, and in December, iSio, received a deed from Artemas Nixon of a vacant lot on the corner made by the road leading east from the court house, and another leading thence north. On this he erected a jail house of stone, at a cost of about four thousand dollars. After the completion of this buUding the old jail house was sold to Captain Justus Foot, and by him was removed to the lot east of the hotel, repaired, fitted up and occupied by his family as a dwelling house." The stone jail was used for its purpose untU i S46, although for some years prior to that date it had been considered unfit In that year the present com modious and suitable two-story brick structure on Court street was erected at a cost of about $S,ooo. The stone jail was transformed into a dweUing and is now occupied by H. G. Langworthy. The present jail has in the front portion a residence for the sheriff, with an office ; through the latter is the only com munication with the prison portion from the outside. The cells, twelve in number, were built in the strongest and most approved manner, the building costing in its final completed state much more than was anticipated. A second tax of five cents on the dollar was laid, which, with liberal subscriptions by the people of Middlebury, sufficed to substantially finish the structure ; but it has been much improved since. As early as 18 14 the old court-house, standing as it did in a very conspic uous and exposed situation, came to be regarded as more of a nuisance than an honor to the immediate locality, and was removed to its later site under the following circumstances, as related by Judge Swift: " On the ist of January, 1S16, and after the court-house was removed. Judge Painter deeded to the county a tract of land, 'being that piece or parcel of land, on which the Court- House now stands in Middlebury, together with a free and open passage on the whole front of the same to the Center Turnpike road, so called, with a passage around the said Court-House on the north, east and south sides of the same, Buildings, Societies, Internal Improvements, Etc 119 for the purpose of repairing or fitting up the said House, or for the erection of a new Court-House on the premises at all times,' ' for the express purpose of erecting, keeping and having a Court-House for the County of Addison afore said, on the said premises, where the same is now erected, so long as the prem ises shall be used for the purpose aforesaid, and no longer,' with a quit claim of the right to erect buildings on the neighboring lands within certain distances. The width of the ' free passage around ' the house was fixed by a deed from the corporation of Middlebury College, who received the land by wiU from Judge Painter to R. and J. Wainwright, at one rod. " The court-house having so high a room for the sessions of the courts, hav ing been much racked by the removal, and being otherwise out of repair, was found to be not only inconvenient, but so cold that it could not be kept comfort able in the cold weather in winter, when most of the courts were held ; and for that reason the Supreme Court held its sessions for several winters at the public houses. The County Court therefore, in the year 1829, ordered Samuel Swift, the clerk, and Seymour SeUick, the sheriff, to divide the building into two sto ries. The agents accomplished this purpose during that season, finishing the upper story for the sessions of the courts, with one room adjoining for a con sultation room, and three rooms below for jury rooms and other uses, in the -style in which it still remains. When finished, the court-room was said to be the best furnished room for the purpose in the State. The expense of the alter ation was $1,250. 1 1. The town of Middlebury paid toward this expense $250, in consideration that they were to have the use of the large room in the lower story for a town room." But the time came when even this old reconstructed court-house was not .adequate to the necessities of the county, nor creditable to its increasing wealth and public business. Therefore a measure was inaugurated which resulted in laying a tax on the county for the building of the present handsome and con venient court-house on the site of the old one, which was removed farther south on the same street The new court-house cost about $22,000, which sum was considerably increased by a purchase of a littie additional land and ¦other improvements. It is provided with ample fire-proof vaults for the rec ords of the county, both in the county clerk's office and the office of the judge of probate. The court- room is on the second floor. It is one of the notable .buUdings'of the State. SOCIETIES. Addison County Agricultural Society. — It is known that an agricultural •society had a brief existence in this county at an early period ; but it was suf fered to decline, chiefly for want of legislative support In 1843 the Legisla ture passed an act authorizing the formation of agricultural societies " to en- 4:ourage and promote agriculture, domestic manufactures and the mechanic \ \, 120 History of Addison County. arts." The treasurer of the State was authorized to pay annuaUy to each soci ety properly organized under the act a share of two thousand dollars, appro priated for the whole State, in proportion to the population of the county in which the society was organized, provided that an equal sum should be raised by other means. Under this act a society was formed in Middlebury by a convention of county representatives, held on the 2 2d of January, 1S44, by the name which heads this section. The constitution adopted at that time declared the objects of the society as above stated, and provided for the payment of one dollar as the condition of membership, and fifteen dollars for a life membership. The officers to be elected were defined and a board of managers authorized, consist ing of the officers and one member from each town where ten members of the society resided ; as stated in the act, this board was to have " a general super vision of the affairs of the society, fix upon such productions, experiments, dis coveries or attainments in agriculture and horticulture, and upon such articles of manufacture, as shall come in competition for premiums at the agricultural fairs, also upon the number and amount of premiums, and the time and place of holding fairs." The officers were to be chosen at an annual meeting to be held at Middlebury, on the first Wednesday of January, which was afterwards altered to the fourth Wednesday of that month. The first meeting was held on the same day the society was organized, and Hon. Silas H. Jenison was elected president, and Harvey Bell, esq., secretary. The first fair was held at the court-house and adjoining grounds in Middle bury, October i, 1S44, and an address was delivered by Hon. Silas H. Jeni son. The fairs in 1 845 and i S47 were held at Vergennes ; at the former of which an eloquent and interesting address was made by Rev. Dr Wheeler, president ofthe University of Vermont The fair in 1849 was held in Shore ham. AU the others have been held in Middlebury. At the annual meeting in January, 1852, the constitution was so altered as to authorize the managers to fix on a permanent location for the annual exhibitions ; and they, at a meet ing in June of that year, fixed on Middlebury for that purpose, provided the citizens should provide suitable grounds and fixtures, and pay one hundred dollars annually toward the expenses. Grounds were thereupon leased north of the village and temporary accommodations provided, which sufficed for a few years. About i860 a number of gentlemen of the county purchased the tract of twenty-two acres of land just south of the village which formerly con stituted the stock farm of Jonathan Wainwright. Here buildings, in addition to those then in existence, have been erected from time to time, as the growing needs of the society demanded. The title to this property has been transferred to the society, and the fairs have gradually become more and more successful, until now it is doubtful if there is in the State a more prosperous or better managed society. Judge Swift wrote of the eariier fairs as follows : " Hitherto Buildings, Societies, Internal Improvements, Etc 121 the fairs have fully met the expectations of the most sanguine. Many of them have been interesting and extensive and have produced a favorable effect in stimulating efforts for improvement, and securing advancement in all of the departments within the province of the society. . . . Whatever others may say, the citizens of Addison county will not shrink from a comparison with the exhibitions of stock of any other county in the State, or perhaps of any other State." This high praise has continued to be deserved, and there is no question but the Addison County Agricultural Society has been of incalculable benefit to the farming interests of the county, The presidents of the society from its organization to the present time have been as foUows : 1844 to 1848, Silas H. Jenison ; 1848 to 1850, Elias Bottum ; 1850 to 1852, Charles L Smith; 1852 to 1854, Harvey MunsiU ; 1854 to 1857, Edwin Hammond; 1857 to 185-, William R. Sanford. The present officers of the society are as follows : President, E. N. BisseU, of Shoreham ; vice-president, C. R. Witherell, of CornwaU, and C. P. Crane, of Bridport ; secretary, J. A. Child, of Weybridge ; assistant secretary, Frank C. Dyer, of Salisbury ; treasurer, C. Hill, of Middlebury ; directors, J. M. Dyer, of Salisbury, J. BatteU, of Middlebury, Darwin Rider, of Middlebury, D. W. Nash, of New Haven, and E. G. Farnham, of Shoreham. The Champlain Valley Agricultural Society. — ^This society was perma nently organized at Vergennes (to which city and vicinity it mainly belongs) on the 2 1 St of January, 1881 ; it had, however, held fairs two years previously under a temporary organization. The objects of the society are sufficiently explained in its name — the improvement of agricultural productions, domestic animals, domestic manufactures, and mechanic arts as applied to the interests of agriculture. Ground near the city was leased at first, on which a hall has been built and a trotting track constructed. John M. Dyer has recently pur chased the grounds and guarantees the premiums offered ; this plan was adopt ed in 1885, and gives the society and those contributing to the fairs a feeling of security that is likely to prove beneficial. The present officers of the society are as follows : President, H. S. Jackman, Waltham ; vice-presidents, A. T. Booth, Ferrisburgh, and William E. Green, of Vergennes; secretary, M. T. Bristol, Vergennes ; treasurer, D. H. Lewis, Vergennes ; directors, F. E. Sears, Panton, Warren H. Peck, New Haven, O. H. Fisher, Addison, E. S. Wright, Weybridge, G. F. O. KimbaU, Vergennes. Middlebury Historical Society. — While this may not be strictly speaking a county organization, its objects certainly embrace the county at large and its description may, therefore, be properly placed in this chapter It was organ ized November 23, 1843, with the particular object of cultivating New England and American history, and especiaUy that of Addison county. The member ship at the outset included only nine persons, which was soon increased to twelve, all of whom were residents of Middlebury. The plan of action was 122 History of Addison County. simUar to that of the ordinary literary club. The first officers chosen were Hon. Samuel Swift, president ; Philip Battell esq., secretary; these continued in office until 1846, when Rev. Benjamin Larabee, D. D., was chosen president and George S. Swift, secretary. New members were from time to time elected from this town and vicinity, with honorary members throughout the county and corresponding members in other locaUties. Meetings were held as deemed for the best interests of the society; papers were read, many of which were of great historical value, discussions held and considerable collections of books and manuscripts made. In February, 1S47, a movement was begun, the purpose of which was to secure the writing and publication of histories of all the towns in Addison county. A special committee was appointed by whom historians were selected in the various towns, they being regularly commissioned by a circular from the society minutely defining the character and details of the proposed work. The appointments were generally accepted, or others made in their places, and the work began. Although this laudable object has not yet been fully carried out, it has resulted in the preparation of histories of about half the towns in the county, several of which are of the greatest value ; notably those of Middlebury, by Judge San*uel Swift ; of Sahsbury, by John M. Weeks ; of Shoreham, by Rev. Josiah F. Goodhue; of CornwaU, by Rev. Lyman Mat thews. Manuscripts of the towns of Orwell, by Rev. Roswell Bottum (since issued by his son in pamphlet form), and of Bristol, by Harvey Munsil, were also written. The value of this work cannot be overestimated. The society has also, since 1S43, celebrated the anniversary ofthe landing of the Pilgrims, regarding that event as the starting point of American history. The present officers of the society are Hon. John W. Stewart, president ; Philip Battell, secretary. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. The inland situation of the State of Vermont and her distance from the great arteries of travel and trade as finally established, prevented the develop ment of internal improvements and large commercial relations with other lo calities until a comparatively recent date. The first measures that can be classed under the title of internal improvements as adopted by the pioneers in any new country, are those for the building of roads and bridges and their subsequent improvement and extension ; highways of some description are almost the first public necessity with the pioneer One of the earhest of the roads which passed across the southwestern part of Addison county is stiU known as the old mil itary road, which ran from Number Four (Chariestown, N. H.) to Crown Point, N. Y. This thoroughfare was opened chiefly as a military measure. Its course was, in brief, as described by another, from Charlestown (which is one hundred and eight miles from Boston) to Nott's Ferry, to Springfield, on through Weth ersfield to Charies Button's Tavern on Mill River in Clarendon ; then six miles Buildings, Societies, Internal Improvements, Etc. 123 to Mead's Tavern in Rutland, on the west side of the creek ; thence six miles to Waters's Tavern, in Pittsford ; thence through "Brown's Camp," in Neshobe (now Brandon), twenty miles to Moor's Tavern in Shoreham, and thence on to Crown Point. Another important road of early times extended from Clarendon, Rutland county, or farther south, through Rutland to Pittsford, and was later continued northward. It was opened to Pittsford before the beginning of the century, and was traveled over by many of the pioneers of Addison county at a time when Pittsford was its northern terminus, and the waters or ice of Otter Creek had to be used as a highway from that point northward. It will not be neces sary to follow here the opening of the various highways, or even the more im portant ones, in this county ; many of them will be described in the subsequent histories of the various towns. The old stage route from Boston to Burlington and from Albany to Canada passed through this county, and Middlebury and Vergennes were important stage stations. The old time taverns, not only in those places, but at various points along the stage routes, were many of them known in more than one State as popular hostelries. It is not uncommon to hear old residents speak with a sort of admiration of the days when the principal roads were traveled daily by stage coaches of the old Concord style, drawn by four or more horses ; a tinge of regret is some times noticeable in their reminiscences, as if they would fain take another ride of that description. Neither was it a very slow or uncomfortable method of travel. Over the main thoroughfares which we have noticed those often heav ily-laden vehicles bowled along from stage-house to stage-house, sweeping up to each stopping-place, whither the sound of the horn had preceded them, the drivers wielding the long whip with wonderful skill and manipulating the four- in-hand with the greatest dexterity. The old stage companies developed many men who afterwards turned their attention to the inaugurating of more pretentious methods of transportation, or gave to younger men the benefit of their experience. Facilities for travel and transportation of products and goods into and out of Addison county were restricted to teams for many years, which undoubtedly long exerted an influence against the growth ^of this region. The attractive hills and valleys of Western New York, reached easily by canal and railroad long before such means of transportation had touched Vermont to any consid erable extent, and, later, the still more alluring fields farther west, drew many home-seekers, not only away from this northern region, but directly out of it This state of affairs was deplored not only by individuals, but in the public newspapers. As raUroad and canal builders the American people lead aU nations. Pre vious to the opening ofthe Champlain Canal in 1823, a large share ofthe sur plus produce of this locality was transported eastward and northward and thus 124 History of Addison County. reached the seacoast markets; but with the opening of that waterway aU was changed in a day. The tide of commercial transportation and travel turned westward, finding its outiet in New York ; an impetus of great importance to Addison county was also given to all kinds of industry, the effects of which are still apparent. The spectacle which had been witnessed on Lake Cham plain in early times, of lumber, pot and pearl ashes and what other products could be spared for market, going northward to Quebec from the western part of Vermont, was no longer seen. Mercantile goods now came up from New York city and breadstuffs from the west Lake Champlain became a commercial highway, whose blue waters were thickly dotted by white sails and puffing steamers from the opening of navigation to its close; in 183 8 Ver mont alone had on the lake four steamboats, seventeen sloops, fifteen schoon ers and thirty-one canal boats. It seemed that a new era of commercial his tory had begun. Some efforts were made during this period to navigate the upper Connect icut by steamboats, the first in 1827, when a boat called the Barnet ascended as far as Bellows Falls ; this craft was afterward taken to Hartford and finally broken up. In 1S29 a Mr. Blanchard built two steamboats, one of which was named for himself and was about the same size as the Barnet, and the other eighty feet long and drawing but twelve or fifteen inches of water. These boats made a few trips between Barnet and Bellows Falls and were then aban doned. The success and business importance of the Champlain Canal and the Erie Canal in New York State inaugurated a sort of canal fever throughout the country, the latter named State being especially affected by it, while Vermont nearly escaped. One enterprise of this nature, however, interested this county for a brief period. On the 17th of November, 1825, the " Otter Creek and Castleton River Canal Company" was incorporated, under the names of Elia kim Johnson, Moseley Hall, Henry Hodges, Frederick Button, Moses Strong, Francis Slason, Thomas Hammond, Sturgis Penfield, John Conant, Henry Oliver, A. W. Broughton, Aaron Barrows, Harvey Deming, Ira Stewart, Jon athan Hagar, John Meacham, James Arms, Reuben Moulton, Ehsha Parkhill, John P. Colburn and Jacob Davy ; several of these gentlemen were prominent citizens of Addison county. The objects of this company were to " maintain a canal or railways, or improve the navigation of Castieton River and Otter Creek, by canals, railways, or other streams from the village of Middlebury to the village of Wallingford, from the creek in Rutland to the East Bay, or the line of the State of New York, to intersect a canal such as may be branched out from the northern canal in the State of New York to the east line of the said State." This was a nice looking enterprise, but it moved very little farther than the incorporation. Other navigation enterprises were sug gested and discussed ; but the State of Vermont was destined to prosper with out canals. Buildings, Societies, Internal Improvements, Etc. 125 Railroads. — Between the years 1830 and 1S40 the people of this region began to believe that if they would enjoy the prosperity gained by other States, they must have raUroads. This feeling culminated in vigorous efforts, which for several years promised to be successful, to build the Rutland and Whitehall Railroad. Meetings were held, a charter procured, the Rutland and Whitehall Bank established, and a large portion of the stock was subscribed for ; but the terrible financial crisis of that period, with other causes, kiUed the project In September, 1S36, notice was published of a petition to be presented to the Legislature for an act incorporating the railroad from Bennington to the Canada line — the forerunner of the present Rutland and Bennington RaUroad. On the 1st of November, 1843, a company was incorporated with the right and for the purpose of building a railroad " from some point on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, thence up the valley of Onion River, and extending to a point on the Connecticut River most convenient to meet a railroad either from Concord, N. H., or Fitchburg, Mass." Stock was subscribed for the en terprise, and in the spring of 1 847 work upon the construction of the Vermont Central Railroad was commenced. Various financial difficulties and contro versies with other enterprises of a like kind followed, delaying its completion until 1 849, when, in November of that year, the first train of cars passed over it. Its final route was decided upon as follows : Commencing at Windsor, it follows the Connecticut River to the mouth of White River, thence up that stream to the source of its third branch ; thence reaching the summit in Rox bury, and passing down the valley of Dog River, it enters the Winooski valley near Montpelier ; thence, continuing in the Winooski valley, near Montpelier, its terminus is reached at Buriington, a distance of one hundred and seventeen miles. The Vermont and Canada Railroad Company was incorporated by the General Assembly October 31, 1845, and amended and altered November 15, 1847, giving a right to buUd a raUroad " from some point in Highgate, on the Canada line, thence through the village of St. Albans, to some point or points in Chittenden county, most convenient for meeting at the village of Burlington a railroad to be built on the route described in the acts to incorpo rate the Champlain and Connecticut River Railroad Company, and the Ver mont Central Railroad Company." The route decided upon was from Rouse's Point to BurUngton, a distance of fifty-three miles, passing through the towns of Colchester, Milton, Georgia, St. Albans, Swanton and Alburgh. Ground was broken for its construction early in September, 1 848, in the northern part of Georgia, and it was completed and opened to the pubhc early in 1851. The Vermont Central Railroad touches the northeastern corner of the town of GranviUe, but exerts only a slight influence on this county. By the subsequent organization of the present Central Vermont Railroad Company, however, these roads all came under its control, and are now op- 9 126 History of Addison County, erated by the same, as different branches of the Central Vermont Railroad. The company had its principal office at St Albans, with the following list of officers : J. Gregory Smith, president ; J. R. Langdon, vice-president ; J. W. Hobart, general manager ; J. M. Foss, general superintendent and master me chanic ; E. A. Chittenden, superintendent of local freight traffic ; and S. W. Cummings, general passenger agent Directors, J. Gregory Smith, J. R. Lang don, W. H. H. Bingham, B. P. Cheney, Ezra H. Baker, Joseph Hickson, E. C. Smith ; clerk, George Nichols ; treasurer, D. D. Ranlett The Champlain and Connecticut River Railroad was incorporated Novem ber I, 1843. The first meeting of stockholders was held at Rutland, May 6, 1845, with Timothy FoUett, of Burlington, chairman, and Ambrose L. Brown, of Rutland, clerk. It was voted to open subscriptions for stock June 10, 1845. By the 12th, more than 2,000 shares having been subscribed to the capital stock, stockholders were notified to meet at the court-house in Rutland for choice of nine directors, which were chosen as follows : Timothy FoUett, Sam uel Barker, Ira Stewart, Charles Linsley, John A. Conant, Chester Granger, George T Hodges, WilUam Henry and Henry N. Fullerton. Subsequently, January 14, 1S46, the foUowing were chosen directors in place of the old board : Timothy Follett, Samuel P. Strong, WUliam Nash, Charies Linsley, John A. Conant, Chester Granger, George T. Hodges, Nathaniel Fullerton, William Henry, John EUiott, Horace Gray, Samuel Dana and Samuel Hen shaw, with Timothy Follett president. The first blow towards its construction was struck during the month of February, 1S47, in the town of Rockingham, near Bellows FaUs. Two years and nine months sufficed to complete the road, and it was opened through December 18, 1849. The name of the road was changed to the Rutiand and Burlington RaUroad Company by an act of the Legislature, November 6, 1847. It was subse- quentiy changed to the Rutiand Railroad Company. Hon. John B. Page was president at the time of his death, in October, 1885, and Joel M. Haven treas urer Thus, through various changes and vicissitudes, litigation and bank ruptcy, the whole line, its buildings, etc., on the 1st day of January, 187 1, was leased for a period of twenty years to the Vermont Central Railroad Company, The Addison branch of the Central Vermont RaUroad was a project due to the managers ofthe Rutiand Railroad, which was inaugurated in 1S70. The line extends from Leicester Junction westward through the towns of Whiting, Shoreham and a part of Orwell, and thence across Lake Champlain into New York, a distance of fourteen mUes. The contract for building the road was let to W. Phelps & Son, who finished the road in 1871, at a cost of about $500,- 000, including the bridge across the lake The line is now included in the lease of the Central Vermont. AU of these lines of road have undoubtedly had their influence upon this Buildings, Societies, Internal Improvements, Etc. 127 county and for the general good of the inhabitants. It is one of the inevitable consequences of building railroads that some sections must suffer for the up building of others ; but the great advantages to a State or county at large can not be questioned. Real estate almost always advances in value, and the fact of ample railroad communication between any given point and others at a dis tance tends to invite settlement and business operations to that point county civil list. Chief Judges of ihe County Court until the new organization of the Judi ciary in 1825. — John Strong, Addison, 1785-1801 ; Joel Linsley, Cornwall, 1801-07; Henry Olin, Leicester, 1S07-0S; Joel Linsley, Cornwall, 1S08-10; Henry Ohn, Leicester, iSio-24; Dorastus Woodbury, Middlebury, 1824-25. Assistant Judges of County Court. — Gamaliel Painter, Middlebury, 1785— 86; Ira Allen, Colchester, 1785-86; William Brush, Vergennes, 1786-87; Abel Thompson, Panton, 1786-87; Hiland HaU, Cornwall, 1786-89; Samuel Lane, Cornwall, 1786-87; Gamaliel Painter, Middlebury, 1787-95; Abel Thompson, Panton, Joel Linsley, CornwaU, 1795-1801 ; Abraham Dibble, Vergennes, 1801-05; Henry Olin, Leicester, 1801-07; Samuel Strong, Vergennes, 1805— 08; Charles Rich, Shoreham, 1807-13 ; Henry Olin, Leicester, 1808-10 ; Mat thew Phelps, jr.. New Haven, 1810-12; Samuel Shepard, Panton, 1812-13; Samuel Strong, Vergennes, 1813-15 ; Ezra Hoyt, New Haven, 181 3-1 8 ; Chas. Rich, Shoreham, 1815-16; William Slade, jr, Middlebury, 1816-22; Stephen Haight, jr., Monkton, 1818-25; Elisha Bascom, Shoreham, 1822-24; Ezra Hoyt, New Haven, 1823-24; John S. Larrabee, Shoreham, 1824-25; Daniel Collins, Monkton, 1824-25; Dorastus Wooster, Middlebury, 1825-31; Eben W. Judd, Middlebury, 1825-29; Silas H. Jenison, Shoreham, 1829-35; WUl iam Myrick, Bridport, 1831-33; Samuel H. Holley, Bristol, 1833-42; Calvin Solace, Bridport, 1835-38; Davis Rich, Shoreham, 1838-42; Calvin Solace, Bridport, 1842-44; Fordyce Huntington, Vergennes, 1842-44; Dorastus Wooster, Middlebury, 1844-46; Jesse Grandey, Panton, 1844-45; ViUe Law rence, Vergennes, 1845-47; George Chipman, Ripton, 1846-49; Elias Bot tum, New Haven, 1847-49; Calvin G. TUden, Cornwall, 1849-51 ; Nathan L. Keese, Ferrisburgh, 1849-51; Joseph Haywood, Panton, 1851-54; RosweU Bottum, jr, Orwell, 1851-54; Dorastus Wooster, Middlebury, 1854-55; Eras tus S. Hinman, New Haven, 1854-56; Samuel Swift, Middlebury, 1855-57; John W, Strong, Addison, 1856-58; M. W. C. Wright, Shoreham, 1857-58; Harrison O. Smith, Monkton, 1858-59; Samuel E. Cook, Weybridge, 1859- 60; William W. Pope, Lincoln, 1860-61; John B. Huntley, Bridport, 1861- 62; Oliver Smith, New Haven, 1862-63; Abel Walker, Whiting, 1863-64 Edwin Everts, Waltham, 1864-65 ; Ebenezer H. Weeks, Sahsbury, 1865-66 Jonas N. Smith, Addison, 1 866-6^ ; James M. Slade, Middlebury, 1 867-68 Norman J, Allen, Ferrisburgh, 1868-69; Joseph K. Ferre, Bridport, 1869-69 128 History of Addison County. Thurman Brooking, Shoreham, 1870-71 ; Isaiah L. Strong, Starksboro, 1870- 71; Lewis L. Beers, Monkton, 1872-73; J. W. Boynton, Orwell, 1872-73; A. D. Hayward, Weybridge, 1874-75 ; John E. Roberts, Vergennes, 1874-75 ; Royal D. Hedden, Salisbury, 1876-77; Daniel H. Sargent, Lincoln, 1876-77; Henry B. WiUiams, Monkton, 1878-79; Harvey Z. ChurchiU, Goshen, 1878- 79; C. W. Wickes, Ferrisburgh, 1880-81 ; Henry N. Solace, Bridport, 1880- 81; Carleton T. Stevens, Vergennes, 1882-83; George L Harrington, Wey bridge, 1882-83; Henry Lane, CornwaU, 1884, now; Edson A. Doud, New Haven, 1884-85 ; William L. Wright, Waltham,^ 1885. Judges of Probate, District of Addison. — John Strong, Addison, 1787- 1801 ; Darius Matthews, Cornwall, 1801-19; Samuel Swift, Middlebury, 1819- 41; Silas H. Jenison, Shoreham, 1842-47; Horatio Seymour, Middlebury, 1847-55 ; Calvin G. TUden, Cornwall, 1855-68 ; Samuel E. Cook, Middlebury, 1868-79; Lyman E. Knapp, Middlebury, 1879, now in office. District of New Haven. — Ezra Hoyt, New Haven, 1824-29; Noah Hawley, Vergennes, 1829-31 ; Jesse Grandey, Panton, 1831-33 ; Adin Hall, New Haven, 1833-35 \ Harvey Munsil, Bristol, 1835-71 ; John D. Smith, Vergennes, 1871, now in office. State's Attorneys. — Seth Storrs, Addison, 1 787-97 ; Daniel Chipman, Mid dlebury, 1 797- 1 804; Loyal Case, Middlebury, 1804-08 ; David Edmond, Ver gennes, 1808-10; Horatio Seymour, Middlebury, 18 10-13; David Edmond, Vergennes, 1813-15; Horatio Seymour, Middlebury, 1815-19; David Ed mond, Vergennes, 1819-24; Noah Hawley, Vergennes, 1824-24; Enoch D. Woodbridge, Vergennes, 1824-27; George Chipman, Middlebury, 1827-30; William Slade, Middlebury, 1830-31; Ebenezer N. Briggs, Salisbury, 1831- 39; Ozias Seymour, Middlebury, 1839-45; George W. Grandey, Vergennes, 1845-48; John Prout, Salisbury, 1848-51; JohnW. Stewart, Middlebury, 185 1- 54; Frederick E. Woodbridge, Vergennes, 1854-59; William F. Bascom, Mid dlebury, 1859-63 ; Henry S. Foote, Middlebury, 1863-66; Levi Meades, Ver gennes, 1866-68; George W. Grandey, Vergennes, 1868; Ira W. Clark, Mid dlebury, 1870; Joel H. Lucia, Vergennes, 1872; George R. Chapman, Ver gennes, 1874; James M. Slade, Middlebury, 1878; E. W. J. Hawkins, Starks boro, 1882, now in office. Sheriffs. — Noah Chittenden, Jericho, 1785-86; Gamaliel Painter, Middle bury, 1786-87; Samuel Strong, Vergennes, 1787-89; John Chipman, Middle bury, 1789-1801; William Slade, Cornwall, 1801-11 ; Jonathan Hoyt, jr. New Haven, 181 1-12 ; John Willard, Middlebury, 1812-13 ; Samuel Mattocks, Middlebury, 1813-15 ; Jonathan Hoyt, jr. New Haven, 1815-19; Abel Tom linson, Vergennes, 1819-24; Stephen Haight, Monkton, 1824-28; Seymour SeUick, Middlebury, 1828-31; MarshaU S. Doty, Addison, 1831-33; Azariah Rood, Middlebury, 1833-35 ; William B. Martin, Middlebury, 1835-36; Aza- 1 Appointed in place of E. A. Doud, resigned. Bench and Bar. 129 riah Rood, Middlebury, 1836-37; Ethan Smith, Monkton, 1837-39; Wilham B. Martin, Middlebury, 1839-40; Adnah Smith, Middlebury, 1840-42; Gains A. Collamer, Bristol, 1842-44; David S. Church, Middlebury, 1844-59; WiU iam Joslin, Vergennes, 1859 ; G. A. CoUamer, Bristol, 1859-67 ; Isaac M. Tripp, Middlebury, 1867-78; Noble F. Dunshee, Bristol, 1878-84; Howard Clark, 2d, Lincoln, 1884, now in office. High Bailiffs. — Samuel Mattocks, Middlebury, 1 798-1806; John Warren, Middlebury, 1806-08; Artemas Nixon, Middlebury, 1808-10; Moses Leon ard, Middlebury, 1810-12; James Jewett, Middlebury, 1812-13; Benjamin Clark, Weybridge, 1813-14; Eliakim Weeks, Salisbury, 18 14-16; Wightman Chapman, Weybridge, 1816-26; Nathaniel Foster, Middlebury, 1826-29; John Howden, Bristol, 1829-30; MarshaU S. Doty, Addison, 1830-31 ; My ron BushneU, Starksboro, 1831-33; MUo Winslow, Middlebury, 1833-35; Gains A. CoUamer, Bristol, 1835-37 ; Wightman Chapman, Weybridge, 1837-39; Harry Goodrich, Middlebury, 1839-40; Asa Chapman, Middlebury, 1840-49; George C. Chapman, Middlebury, 1849-50; WiUiam Joslin, Ver gennes, 1850-53 ; G. A. Collamer, Bristol, 1853-57; L. S. Crampton, Leices ter, 1857-61; Ira Raymond, Orwell, 1861-64; Edward Gorham, Addison, 1864-78; J. W. Barney, Ferrisburgh, 1878-82; Henry B. Ripley, Ripton, 1882, now in office. County Clerks. — Samuel Chipman, jr., Vergennes, 1785-86; Roswell Hop kins, Vergennes, 1786-1803 ; Darius Matthews, Middlebury, 1803-08; Mar tin Post, Middlebury, 1808-10; John S. Larrabee, Middlebury, 1810-14; Samuel Swift, Middlebury, 1814-46; George S. Swift, Middlebury, 1846-55; John W. Stewart, Middlebury, 1855, orie term; Dugald Stewart, Middlebury, 1855-70; Rufus Wainwright, Middlebury, 1870, now in office. County Treasurers. — Darius Matthews, 1803-08 ; Hastings Warren, 1808— 19; Justus Foot, 1819-26; Jonathan Hagar, 1826-55; Harmon A. Sheldon, 1855-70; John G.Wellington, 1870-78; Charles E. Pinney, 1878, now in office. CHAPTER X. BENCH AND BAR OF ADDISON COUNTY. Early Independence of Vermont — The Judicial Systera — The Town Meetings — Acts of Early Conventions — The Counoil of Safety — Court of Confiscation — Superior Court — Court of Chancery — Probate Courts — Courts of Insolvency — Probate Judges of Addison County — County Courts — Justices of the Peace — Judges of the County Court — Supreme Court Judges — Biographical Sketches. IN the early history of Vermont there is so much of individual personal in dependence manifest that we are not surprised at a bold and fearless disre gard of precedent, nor that a territory and people that presented the most nota- I30 History of Addison County. ble example of absolute independence of any one of the States in the Union should establish a State and conduct its affairs for fourteen years before she was received into the Union, with no help from others, admitting no aUegiance to others, and no obligations save those assumed when her leading men signed that immortal document pledging their lives and fortunes to assist the older States to cast off the British yoke. In every department of government they were a law unto themselves. The judicial system of Vermont grew from small beginnings, originating in the necessities of the inhabitants and expanding as the needs became apparent. No other State has had an experience like Vermont A bone of contention to New York and New Hampshire ; frowned upon by Congress and sought after by Canada, with no acknowledged government or authority over the territory, the inhabitants were led on by the supreme law of self-protection to provide some form of government, and after her declaration of independence in 1777, to enact laws and establish courts was a matter of no small moment, requiring men of great organizing and executive ability and of the soundest discretion and judgment. The bulk of the population was bold and energetic men of fearless cour age, undaunted by physical suffering, with very decided views of personal in dependence ; " men of rude frankness and a generous hospitality, but withal impatient of even wholesome restraint and capable of fierce resentments." Many of them were unlearned, while others had been educated in the older States and were well adapted to lead in the affairs of a young and growing State. The first attempts to establish any legal organization grew out of the town meetings, which were provided by the charters of all the towns, and in which the moderator was named and directed to caU such meetings for the election ¦of town officers. Owing to the trouble with the New York claimants of their lands the freemen in these town meetings appointed committees of safety and these town committees, called in some unexplained manner, met and consti tuted conventions, and these conventions, " desiring the inhabitants to meet by ¦delegates," grew by the acquiescence of the people into a power "which es tablished the State, ruled it for a brief period, and gave it in due time a con stitution." This outgrowth from the common wants and dangers grew into hfe and form by the imperious law of necessity. Among the early acts of conventions and the first attempt at legal restraint it was voted to erect a gaol at Manchester for securing Tories, and the general convention which met at Westminster January 15, 1777, declared in a petition to Congress that the " convention of New York have now neariy completed a code of laws for the future government of that State which, should they be called upon to put in execution, will subject your petitioners to the fatal neces- Bench and Bar. 131 sity of opposing them by every means in their power" In June following they established a board of town committees for the trial and punishment of per sons " inemical to their country," but if found by the board to be worthy of death, they were to " imprison them in a common gaol or gaols within this State, there to remain without bail until a proper court shall be established in this State to try him or them." In July, 1777, the "Council of Safety" was established as a temporary sub stitute for a State government in time of war. Their powers were only limited by the exigencies of the times and they exercised judicial powers. It is not clear just when or how justices of the peace were first appointed, but a list is found "ofthe justices of peace chosen and authorized by virtue of an act of assembly at Bennington June 17, 1778." March 17, 1778, the whole of West ern Vermont was named Bennington county, and March 26 a Court of Con fiscation was appointed for Bennington county ; some special courts were pre viously appointed. The first record of higher courts of law is where a " Su perior Court appointed by the Legislature of 1778 " is mentioned, but no such law in that year is now to be found. In February, 1779, the Legislature es tabhshed a Superior Court, consisting of five judges with unlimited jurisdiction in all causes of action, with the following exceptions : " That this court shall not have cognizance of any action when the matter in demand does not exceed twenty pounds or the fine does not exceed twelve pounds, except by appeal." "That this court shall have no power to try any action or title of land for the year ensuing." ^ The times and places of holding this court were fixed to be at Bennington on the second Thursday of December next, Westminster on the second Thurs day of March next, Rutland on the second Thursday of June next, Newbury on the second Thursday of September next In October, 1779, it was enacted " that in future the judges of the Superior Court shaU be chosen in October annually by the governor, CouncU and House of Representatives, by their joint ballot," and at this same session the Superior Court was constituted a court of equity. It is supposed that the last session of this courf was at Rutland in the spring of 1783, as it was supplanted by an act of June, 1782, by which it was provided "that there shall and hereby is constituted a Supreme Court of Judicature within and for this State, to be held and kept annually at the respective times and places in this act hereafter men tioned, by one chief judge and four other judges to be chosen by ballot by the governor. Council and General Assembly annuaUy at their October session." The Supreme Court, untU 1786, consistedof one chief judge and four assistants ; from 1786 to 1825 it consisted of three judges ; in 1825, 1826 and 1827 of four judges; from 1827 to 1850 of five, and from that time to 1857 of three Supreme Court judges and four circuit judges ; from 1857 of six, until the law of 1870 created seven, as at present 1 Slade's State .Papers, page 299. 132 History of Addison County. Court of Chancery. — At the October session of the Legislature in 1779 the Suprior Court was made a Court of Equity. By subsequent enactments the judges of the Supreme Court were made chancellors, and the " powers and jurisdiction of the Chancery Court to be the same as those of the Court of Chancery in England, except as modified by the constitution and laws of the State," and two stated terms were to be held annually in each county, to com mence on the days appointed by law for holding the County Courts. Probate Courts. — The first act establishing Probate Courts (by Vermont legislation) was undoubtedly passed June 17, 1778, but "the laws of that year were not recorded, and this first essay at legislation by the government of Ver mont has been lost to succeeding generations."^ Under date of October 20, 1778, a list of probate judges is given in Gov ernor and Council, vol. I, p. 280, as follows : " Bennington district, Captain John Fassett; Manchester district, Martin Powel, esq.; Rutiand district, Joseph Bowker, esq.; Newbury district. General Jacob Bailey; Hartford district, Paul Spooner, esq.; district. Major John Shephardson." In the various acts in regard to Probate Courts they are made Courts of Record and have a seal, and have special original jurisdiction of the settlement of estates and appoint ment of guardians. Courts of Insolvency. — These courts were established in 1876 and judges of probate given jurisdiction of the settlement of insolvent estates. Judges of Probate Courts for the County of Addison. — At the organization of the county in 1785 John Strong, of Addison, was appointed by the Gov ernor and Council probate judge, and at the next March election he was elected by the people, and after that by the Legislature till 1801, when he declined an election, and Darius Matthews, of Cornwall, was elected and held the office eighteen years. In 18 19 Samuel Swift, of Middlebury, was elected and held the office by successive elections for twenty-two years. While he was judge of this court in 1824 a second district was formed of the ten northern towns in the county, named New Haven district, and Ezra Hoyt, of New Haven, was elected the first judge of the district. He continued in the office five years. Noah Hawley, of Vergennes, elected 1829 and 1830; Jesse Gran&ey, of Pan- ton, elected 1831 and 1832; Adin HaU, of New Haven, elected in 1833 and 1834; Harvey MunsiU, of Bristol, elected 1835, continued to hold the office by re-election annually tUl December i, 1870 ; in 1870 J. D. Smith was elected and is the present incumbent In the district of Addison Judge Swift continued in office till Silas H. Jeni son, of Shoreham, was elected in 1 842, and was in the office six years ; Horatio Seymour, of Middlebury, elected 1847, served six years ; Calvin G. TUden, of Cornwall, was elected in 1855 and continued to 1868; Samuel E. Cook as sumed the office in the year 1868 and retained it until 1879, when Lyman E. Knapp received the election and now administers the office. 1 Slade's State Papers, p. 287. Bench and Bar. 133 County Courts on the west side of the mountain were first held at Tin mouth AprU 24, 1 78 1. The law of 1782 defined the powers of County Courts and justices ofthe peace and gave to County Courts "power to hear and de termine all crimes and misdemeanors not capital and -which by law are cogniz able before said court And also to hear and determine aU civU actions and suits between parties when the demand or matter in dispute shall exceed the sum of six pounds, and all suits appealed from justices' courts." In 1797 ju risdiction was given County Courts in all criminal matters of every name and nature except such as are made cognizable only in the Supreme Court or be fore justices of the peace, and all civil causes with the same exceptions. Justices of the peace, so called, appointed by New York, were found in Vermont at an early day, but obtained Uttle respect or favor from the true Vermonter. The first constitution provided that courts of justice shall be estab hshed in every county in this State, and that the freemen in each county respect ively shall have the Uberty of choosing the judges of inferior courts of common pleas, sheriffs and judges of probate. In 1778 it was resolved by the Governor and Council that the justices of the peace whose names have been returned to the governor, or that shaU be hereafter returned, shall be commissioned for the year ensuing. The law of 1782 gave to justices jurisdiction in criminal matters, when the fines or forfeitures are within forty shUlings and the corporal punishment does not exceed ten stripes, and in civil actions (other than actions of defamation and actions where the title of land is concerned), when the debt or other mat ter in demand does not exceed the sum of four pounds, and in all specialties ; notes of hand and settled accounts not exceeding six pounds ; the last-named amount was afterwards raised to fifty dollars, then to one hundred dollars, and then fixed as it now stands; in criminal cases when the fine does not exceed twenty dollars (with special exceptions regulated by statute), and power to bind over for trial in County Court for greater offenses, and in civU cases where the amount in dispute does not exceed two hundred dollars. Great confusion has existed and some misstatements have been published in regard to the first County Courts in Addison county and the officers thereof; but the following explanation is gathered from the article by Hon. David Read, in Miss Hemenway's work, and the records of Governor and CouncU, by Hon. E. P. Walton : " By the act incorporating Addison county (October 18, 1785), the towns of Addison and Colchester were made half shires and the courts were to be held on the first Tuesday of March and second Tuesday of November. The act made special provision for the organization of the county by making it the duty of the Governor and Council to appoint the county officers and com mission them for the time being." On the 25th of October, 1785, the appointments were made as follows (see Governor and Council, vol. Ill, p. 91): 134 History of Addison County. Judges of the County Court, John Strong, esq., chief judge ; Ira Allen, Gam aliel Painter, Wilham Brush and Amos Fassett, esq., side judges ; Hon. John Strong, esq., judge probate ; Noah Chittenden, esq., sheriff; and October 3, the Governor and Council. "Resolved, That Hiland Hall, esq., be and he is hereby appointed one of the judges of the court in and for the county of Addison, in lieu of Ira AUen, esq., resigned." The first term of court was held on [the first Tuesday of March, 1786, at the house of Zadock Everest, in Addison, and at the March meeting three weeks later the freemen ofthe county elected under the general law of 1 78 1 John Strong, chief judge; William Brush, Hiland Hall, Abel Thompson and Samuel Lane, side judges, and Gamaliel Painter, sheriff. At. the first term Samuel Chipman, jr, was appointed clerk by the court No State's attorney appears on record tiU March, 1787, when Seth Storrs was appointed. The second term was held at Colchester, but before the time arrived for another session at Colchester, Chittenden county was organized (October 22, 1787), and courts were afterward held at Addison tUl 1792. The law of 1787 reduced the number of judges of County Courts to three and made it the duty of the Legislature to elect the judges, sheriffs, judges of probate and justices. The judges of the Supreme Court who resided in Addison county belonged as much to the whole State, so far as their judicial history is concerned ; but their personal history and their social relations belong to the county of their residence, and a pardonable pride in their talents, their learning and their achievements justifies the special interest of their descendants and neighbors, and special mention of them in a county history. They were Enoch Wood- bridge, from 1794 to 1800 inclusive (seven years), the last three years as chief justice. Joel Doolittle, 1817 to 1822 and 1824 (seven years); Samuel S. Phelps, 1831 to 1837 (seven years); John Pierpoint, 1857 to 1882 (twenty-five years), the last sixteen years as chief justice. biographical sketches. Hon. Enoch Woodbridge was a prominent citizen of the State from the early organization of its government after the Revolution, tiU his death in 1805. He was born at Stockbridge, Berkshire county, Mass., December 25, 1750; grad uated at Yale College in 1774 ; entered the army soon after and was at Quebec with Montgomery, at the battles of Hubbardton, Bennington and White Plains ; at the surrender of Burgoyne, and served until peace was proclaimed. He was soon after admitted to the bar, resided for a short time in Bennington county, and afterwards removed to Vergennes (about 1790). In 1794, at the first municipal election held in Vergennes after its incorporation, he was elected mayor of the city and served for several years in that capacity. He was re- Bench and Bar. 135 peatedly chosen to the Legislature of the State, and in 1 794 was elected by the Legislature as judge, and in 1798 as chief justice ofthe Supreme Court He died at the age of fifty-five years, after a patriotic and useful career, lamented by all and without an enemy. At the first term of Addison County Court, after the settlement of Mr Woodbridge in Vergennes, his name appears on the docket in two cases and the next year in thirty-four of the seventy-four entries. He represented Vergennes in the Legislature from 1791 to 1794 inclusive, and in 1802 ; was on the bench of the Supreme Court from 1794 to 1800 inclu sive ; he was a patriotic soldier and citizen ; a learned and successful lawyer and upright judge. Hon. Joel Doolittle graduated at Yale College in 1 799 and came to Middle bury in the fall of 1 800 as the first tutor in Middlebury College. He was ad mitted to the bar as a lawyer in 1801 and remained in Middlebury. He ob tained an extensive and successful practice in his profession untU 18 17, when he was elected an assistant judge of the Supreme Court and re-elected each year until 1823 and again elected in 1824. He was also a member of the old CouncU in 181 5, 18 16 and 1817, and a representative of Middlebury in the Assembly of 1824. In 1834 he was chosen a member of the Council of Cen sors and served as president of the same. He was attentive and studious as a lawyer, faithful to his clients, and faithful to the high trusts committed to him by the public. After he left the bench of the Supreme Court he resumed his practice and continued it, as his health permitted, until his death in March, 1841, at the age of sixty-eight years. Hon. Samuel Sheather Phelps, son of John Phelps, a respectable farmer of Litchfield, Conn., was born May 13, 1793, graduated at Yale CoUege in 181 1, with credit to himself, though younger than most of his class, among whom w^ere Hon. John M. Clayton, of Delaware, and Roger S. Sherman, of Connec ticut The following winter he spent at the Litchfield Law School. In the succeeding spring he went to Middlebury and continued his law studies with Hon. Horatio Seymour. During the War of 181 2 he was drafted and ordered to the Canada frontier. He served in the ranks at Burlington and Plattsburgh until he was appointed paymaster in the United States service. On his return to Middlebury he resumed his law studies and was admitted to the bar at the December term in 18 14. He continued an extensive and successful practice in Addison and other counties until 183 1, when he was elected a judge of the Supreme Court, which office he held by successive elections until 1838, when he was elected to the United States Senate and served two terms to March 4, 185 I. He then retired to private life, but was frequently caUed to act in im portant suits in Vermont and elsewhere, and on the death of Senator Upham, in 1853, Judge Phelps was appointed by Governor Fairbanks to fiU the va cancy. As a senator he was considered a vigorous debater, a close and pro found reasoner, and able to discuss the greatest questions of the day. As a 136 History of Addison County, lawyer and judge he was second to none in the State and to very few in the United States. At Washington, where he frequently appeared before the Su preme Court, he secured and held the very highest rank as a lawyer He was associated with Daniel Webster and other leading lawyers in some of the most important cases coming before the Supreme Court As a judge he was rapid in the dispatch of business, prompt to decide and unhesitating and firm in his opinions. Hon. John Pierpoint. — The father of John Pierpoint was David Pierpoint, descended from one of Cromwell's trusted officers, and born in New Haven, Conn., July 26, 1764. He married Sarah Phelps, a sister ofthe father of Hon. S. S. Phelps, late of Middlebury, Vt. David Pierpoint resided on a farm three miles from the village of Litchfield, Conn. John Pierpoint was the youngest son in a family of seven sons and two daughters. He was born at Litchfield September 10, 1805. In 1815, when ten years old, he went to Rutland into the family of his brother, Robert Pierpoint, afterwards senior judge of the Cir cuit Court of Vermont. Here he remained until he was prepared to enter upon the study of law, when he returned to Litchfield and attended a course of lect ures in the celebrated law school of Judges Reeve and Gould. He returned to Vermont and continued his studies with his brother Robert until he was ad mitted to the bar of Rutland county. He first opened an office in Pittsford, Vt., and in 1832 came to Vergennes at the solicitation of a number of the lead ing business men of the place, and immediately secured extensive practice for a young lawyer, having about thirty cases at the first term of the County Court. In 1838 he married Sarah Maria, daughter of Hon. ViUee Lawrence, of Vergennes, ^ and all through the future of his life enjoyed a home which was the seat of refinement and cultured domestic happiness. " In his professional life he soon acquired the confidence of all the region round about and was the most trusted counselor of its people." More eloquent advocates at the bar were known, but the candor and integrity of John Pierpoint commended him to the judgment and approval of his clients, who soon learned that in prepara tion and thorough knowledge of his cases and a clear and forcible presentation of them he was worthy of their trust " He was early known at the bar as an. excellent lawyer, singularly terse and clear as a speaker, and of such uniform candor and integrity that what he said always carried weight; " but the con tests of the forum or the strife of politics were not to his taste ; he, however, accepted the office of mayor of Vergennes six years ; of representative in the State Legislature in 184 1 ; of State senator in 1855-56 and '57. In 1857 he was elected one of the judges of the Supreme Court, and in 1865 he was ad vanced to the chief justiceship, which position he held to the time of his death — a longer term on the bench of the Supreme Court than was filled by any of his predecessors. He was first elected with great unanimity, and in all his suc- 1 She was a sister of Hon. Charles B. Lawrence, long chief justice of Illinois. Bench and Bar. 137 ceeding elections no vote was ever cast against him. It soon became apparent that he had found his true vocation, and foUowing it with calm dignity, in a quiet, unobtrusive manner, he soon secured the confidence and affection of the bar and of the community at large, and it seemed clear that he was a born judge; that here he could exercise to great advantage the severe logic in which he delighted. He also had the peculiar gift of sUence when silence was the highest wisdom. His success on the bench was not so much the result of great learning or an extensive knowledge of precedents, as in the fact that " he had always the quahties of the judge. He united together a strong sense of right and wrong, an intuitive faculty of weighing evidence and arriving at controverted truth, and the power of considering all questions in their true light, free from excitement, prejudice or preconceived opinions, with absolute fairness and an all-pervading charity. The early training of the Litchfield Law School, which dealt almost exclusively with general principles, had im pressed itself strongly upon his mind. The logical application of established legal principles was his resource, as it was his peculiar strength in dealing with all questions, however difficult or complicated. As a purely technical lawyer he did not greatly excel, but on the merits of a case he was rarely at fault" 1 One of his associates on the bench ^ has said : " He was the most often right of any man I ever knew. There were others more aggressive and more brill iant than he, but of all the men with whom I was associated on the bench. Judge Pierpoint was the wisest of us all." . . . "He was a just man, an honest man and a great man ; " ennobled by his simpUcity of character and his blameless life. Judge Pierpoint, after he had given to the duties of his position all of labor and strength that he had to give, went back to the home he loved so well and there awaited the inevitable. He died at Vergennes January 7, 1882, leaving a wife and three children, one son and two daughters — H. V. Pierpoint, of Chicago, 111. ; Mrs. C. S. Cobb, of the same city, and Miss Nellie Pierpoint, now of Chicago. Mrs. Pierpoint died January 20, 1884. The fu neral of Judge Pierpoint was attended by a large number ofthe bench and bar of Vermont and others from all parts of the State, testifying to the great esteem in which he was held. The bar of Vermont requested the privilege of erecting a monument at his grave, and a noble shaft of Vermont granite fitly marks the spot where rest the remains of John Pierpoint, chief justice of Vermont. The first presiding judge ofthe County Court from 1785 to 1801, who was elected one year by the people and the remainder of the time by the Legisla ture, was neither a graduate of any college or law school, nor ever admitted to the bar, and yet during that time some of the strongest and brightest minds that have been the boast of Addison county practiced at the bar of that court, but have left no record of dissatisfaction with the court In that day the stat- lE. J. Phelps. 2 Judge Barrett. 138 History of Addison County. utes were few and plain and the number of law books was comparatively few ; the numberless decisions which are now so much relied on were unknown ; perversion and delays of the law by technical objections found little favor, and the great duty of the judge was to mete out equal and exact justice in accord ance with the great principles of law as gathered from the common law of England, adapting those principles to the pecuUar situation of our new settle ments and the circumstances of the inhabitants. Hon. John Strong was born in Coventry, Conn., August 16, 1738. When he was seven years old his father removed to Salisbury, Conn., where John Strong grew to manhood and first settled. The Strong homestead lay next north of the Livingstone farm from which Montgomery at a later day bid adieu to his wife at her father's door, when he started on his fatal expedition to Quebec and never returned alive; long years afterward his remains were brought on a government steamer for burial in St. Paul's church-yard in New York city, and the steamer paused in her course to salute a gray-haired matron standing on the banks of the Hudson, with fresh and vivid memory of that bright morning when her young husband left her, full of life and hope, now the nation's honored dead. The view north from the Strong farm embraces a fertile vaUey with a beautiful lake in the center, on the banks of which the farm and house are located, which Thomas Chittenden (who was but eight years older than John Strong) occupied till he came to Vermont, to be its first governor. Strong married at twenty-one, moved to Addison, Vt, with his wife and three chil dren, when twenty-eight years old, into a log house on the bank of Lake Cham plain, which he had built the fall previous (1765) while on a prospecting tour. The trials and perUs of his situation seem only to have strengthened his pur poses and brought into play all the energies of his strong character. When the settlers had become numerous enough to hold town meetings the most important business was committed to John Strong, and from that time on to old age he almost constantly occupied positions of great responsibUity, re quiring the exercise of wise judgment, prompt decisions, firmness of purpose and determined perseverance. As a delegate to the general conventions, a member of the Legislature and of the Council for many years, he met the great est men of that grand period of our history and proved himself equal to every emergency. The training in such a school might weU supply the want of col lege teaching, and it is not strange that when Addison county was organized he was selected to the chief judicial office and found to be well fitted for the position. In 1801 he declined all further public positions, and died June 16, 1 8 16, leaving an enviable fame as a true patriot, a wise statesman and an in corruptible judge. Judge Strong left a large family of sons and daughters : Moses Strong, of Rutland, and Luke Strong, of Vergennes, were lawyers; General Samuel Strong, of Vergennes, well known throughout the State, and several younger sons, have all passed away. Bench and Bar. 139 Hon. Joel Linsley was born in Woodbury, Conn., and settled in Cornwall at an early day, where he soon became a popular leader in town and a man of influence in the county. He was elected chief judge of the County Court 1 80 1 to 1806 inclusive, and again in 1808-09. He had the reputation of being a man of solid worth, a bright and active mind, a benevolent disposition and very pleasing social powers. Hon. Henry Olin was born in Shaftsbury, Vt, May 7, 1768, coming upon the stage of active life after the exciting times of Vermont's first settlement and the Revolutionary War had passed. He settled in Leicester about 1788. His early advantages of education were Umited, but a love for reading and study and a retentive memory were more than compensation for this loss. In his physical proportions Judge Olin was a man of great size, being of large frame and very fleshy. Mentally he was different from Judge Strong, and while he might lack the executive ability, the reticence and self-reliant power of his predecessor, he was equally famed for his sound sense, his sterling rectitude, his love of justice and quick perception of right, and excelled in conversational power, in a quick and ready wit, which made him a general favorite. He was for twenty-two years a member of the Legislature from Leicester; eight years assistant judge, and fifteen years chief judge ofthe County Court; State coun cilor in 1820-21 ; member of Congress in 1824, to complete the term of Hon. Charles Rich, deceased, and lieutenant-governor in 1827—28 and 1829. Hon. Dorastus Wooster vid.?, born at Derby, Conn., September 2, 1787. In 1805 he came with his parents to Cornwall. He began his law studies with Hon. Joel Doolittle in 1 8 1 5 and was admitted to the bar in 1 8 1 7 ; began the practice of his profession in Middlebury, where he continued during his life. In 1824 he was elected chief judge of the County Court, but the change in the judi ciary system made in that year assigned a Supreme Court judge to preside in County Court Judge Wooster afterward held the office of assistant judge for many years. He died January n, 1855, respected for his integrity and fidelity to the trusts committed to him. The following notices of some of the lawyers, now departed, who have graced the bar of Addison county, contain statements of facts drawn largely from Swift's History of Middlebury, and valuable papers left by the Hon. Charles Linsley : Samuel Chipman, jr., of Vergennes, the first lawyer who settled in Addison county and first clerk of Addison County Court, was one of six sons of Samuel Chipman, who moved from Salisbury, Conn., to Tinmouth, Vt., in 1775. Na thaniel, one of the most prominent men of his day, was the eldest of the six sons, and was educated at Yale College. Daniel, the notable lawyer and statesman of Addison county, was the youngest son, and was educated at Dartmouth. The other four had but a common school education. Lemuel and Cyrus be came doctors ; "the other four, lawyers. Samuel, the fifth son, first appears on 140 History of Addison County. record as admitted to the bar at the first term in March, 1786, ofthe Addison County Court, and appointed clerk at the same time. John A. Graham was ad mitted at the same time. Of the twenty-four cases on the docket, Samuel Chip- man appears as attorney in twelve ; his brother Nathaniel in five ; his brother Darius in three, and Enoch Woodbridge, of Bennington county, in two cases. The most significant records, however, are the records of conveyances of real estate in Vergennes, which show him to have dealt largely in such property, and with great shrewdness ; to have purchased such lots within the city limits as have since become the most valuable. He and General Strong bought the island on the falls and built a grist-mill ; tradition tells of his sharp manage ment in securing his full share of water power by removing rocks from the channel to his mill in the night time. He removed in 1803 to Madrid, N. Y, where after a few years he relinquished his professional business and engaged in farming. He was born December 20, 1763, and died in 1839, leaving a large family. John A. Graham was admitted to the bar of Addison county at the first term held in the county, March, 1786, and his name appears as attorney in cases in that court for a number of years. He was born in Southbury, Conn., June 10, 1764 ; studied law in his native county in 1785 ; was very active in the affairs of the Episcopal Church, and went to England to secure the confirmation by the English Church of the Rev. Dr. Peters, as bishop of Vermont, but failed in his object, without fault on his part, as was thought by the people whom he rep resented. While in England on a second visit he published Letters on Ver mont, and after his return a volume of his speeches and a work to show that Home Tooke was the author of the Letters of Junius. He hved a few years in Rutland, then a short time in Washington, and then in New York city, where he resided until his death in 1 841 . He was a bold, energetic and sanguine man, and succeeded best in New York in the practice of criminal law. Seth Storrs was born in Mansfield, Conn., June 24, 1756; graduated at Yale College in 1778, and taught for several years at Northampton, Mass.; after the Revolutionary War he studied law with Noah Smith, in Bennington. He was admitted to the bar in that county, and in 1787 removed to Addison and began practice there. Addison was then the shire town of the county and the prominent place, and Seth Storrs was the second lawyer to settie in the county. He was appointed State's attorney soon after his arrival and held the office for ten years. Mr. Storrs boarded in the family of John Strong, then chief judge of the county, and soon married Electa Strong, the daughter of his host. The courts were held in Addison tiU 1792, when they were moved to Middlebury, and Mr. Storrs followed them the next year and opened a law office and secured a good practice, in which he continued for many years. He soon became a large landholder and interested himself in his farming and vUlage lots ; he also became deeply interested in the project of starting a college in Middlebury. Bench and Bar. 141 After the charter was secured he gave the land needed for the college buildings, and his interest in the institution never abated. He was also a member and officer in the Congregational Church, and constant in his zeal and labors for its growth and prosperity. He was known as a good lawyer, a courteous and pol ished gentleman of the old school. He died at Vergennes while on a visit there, October 9, 1838, aged eighty-two years. Samuel Miller was the first lawyer who settled in Middlebury, and was among the most distinguished of her citizens. He was born in Springfield, Mass., April 2, 1764; came into this State in 1785, and resided in Wallingford. He never had a collegiate education ; this deficiency was, however, well supplied by superior talents and a thirst for knowledge which he early manifested. In dependent of all external aids he set himself to work to build up a character and infiuence by his own native energies. Soon after he came into the State he entered upon the study of law in the county of Rutland. Immediately after his admission he settled in Middlebury, when the site of the village was almost a wilderness. Mr. Miller had a mind of unusual activity and vigor and of very quick and discriminating perceptions. He immediately entered upon an exten sive practice in this and adjoining counties. While he lived he and Daniel Chip- man occupied a similar rank and stood at the head of the profession in the sev eral counties where they practiced. In his addresses to the jury Mr. Miller's enunciation was rather rapid, but his argument was systematic, clear and forci ble. He was prompt and thorough in his business habits, as his rapid rise in his profession sufficiently showed. He was not inclined to enter into public life, but was known and had an extensive influence through the State. He was elected a representative to the General Assembly in 1797 and was a prominent and influential member. His manners were courteous and gentlemanly and he was rather insinuating in his address. He was everywhere recognized as a gentleman. He was large minded and liberal in his support of educational and religious institutions ofthe town of his adoption. On the 7th of October, 1 790, he was married to Rebecca, daughter of Hon. Samuel Mattocks. Mr. Miller died of a cancerous affection on the 17th of April, 1810, leaving a widow, but no chUdren, surviving him. Josias Smith graduated at Dartmouth CoUege in 1789 and came to Ver gennes early in 1 79 1, and soon secured a large practice. In 1792, out of sev enty-four entries divided among nine lawyers, Josias Smith had twelve, and the next year thirty-two out of the one hundred and fourteen new cases. His name appears on Vergennes records as holding important town offices. He was town clerk for several years, and was on committees of investigation and for settlement of disputed questions in which the town was interested. After the city organization he was elected mayor in 18 10, but died the December foUow ing. Enoch D. Woodbridge, who was admitted to the bar later than Mr Smith, became his partner, and the firm of Smith & Woodbridge was not only 10 142 History of Addison County. widely known and their help sought as skillful and faithful lawyers, but their practice brought them a large income. Smith invested in real estate, but died too young to realize all his expectations. For many years after his death his name was often mentioned as a successful and popular lawyer. Luke Strong, son of Judge John Strong, of Addison, was born in Addison August 6, 1768. His first deed of property in Vergennes was dated 1798, and he buUt the house afterward owned by Major John Thompson. In Dwight's history of the Strong family it is said he was " a lawyer at Vergennes and re markable for his sagacity and integrity of character. Arrested in the midst of a prosperous career by consumption, he undertook to stay its progress by a sea voyage and by a residence for a time in Georgia and North Carolina, but to no purpose, and he came home to die, which event occurred April 5, 1807.'' The court docket of his day shows that he was attorney in a large number of cases. He married Lucretia Harmon, of Vergennes, and they had several chUdren, only one of whom, a daughter, Uved to maturity. Three of his grand sons made a fine record for their patriotic services in the War of the RebelUon. One of them, Richard S. TuthiU, is now United States attorney for the north ern district of Illinois. Hon. Samuel Hitchcock} the fourth son of Noah and Mary Hitchcock, and grandson of David Hitchcock, one of the original settlers of Brimfield, Hamp shire county, Mass., was born in Brimfield March 23, 1755. He fitted for col lege with Rev. James Bridgham, a graduate of Harvard University in 1726. He was graduated at Harvard University in 1777. After his grad uation he read law at Brookfield, Worcester county, Mass., with the late Hon. Jedediah Foster, and was, probably, admitted to the practice of the law at Worcester. About 1786 Samuel Hitchcock removed to Burlington, Vt., where he commenced the practice of his profession. He was the first State's attorney appointed in Chittenden county and held the office from 1787 to 1790 inclu sive. He represented the town from 1789 to 1793 inclusive. He was a mem ber of the convention of delegates of the people of the State of Vermont, held at Bennington January 10, 1791, to ratify the constitution ofthe United States, which had been submitted by an act ofthe Vermont Legislature passed Octo ber 27, 1790. The charter of the University of | Vermont, which was granted by the General Assembly November 3, 1791, is said to have been drafted by Samuel Hitchcock, while the main features of it were furnished by another alumnus of Harvard University, the Rev. Samuel Williams, D. D., of Rutland. Samuel Hitchcock was elected one ofthe trustees from the start and continued to hold that office untU his death. He was secretary ofthe corporation from 1791 to 1800, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Daniel Clark Saunders, D. D., president of the University. Dr. Wheeler, in his historical discourse, says that the creative mind of Dr. Samuel Williams and the reflective and profound mind 1 By George F. Houghton, esq., in Miss Hemenway's work, Vol. I, p. 590. Bench and Bar. 143 of Judge Hitchcock had worked for the University of Vermont and in it. He was elected attorney-general of Vermont under the act of October, 1790, and was succeeded in 1793 by the Hon. Daniel Buck, of Norwich. Samuel Hitch cock and Lemuel Chipman, of Pawlet, were the presidential electors at large from Vermont at the second presidential election in 1793. Lott Hall, of Westminster, and Paul Brigham, of Norwich, were their colleagues in the first electoral college in Vermont, and all were appointed by the Legislature in 1792, and they cast the vote of Vermont at Windsor for George Washington and John Adams. In 1 797 the second general revision of the laws was completed by a committee consisting of Roswell Hopkins, of Vergennes ; Richard Whiting, of Brattleboro ; Nathaniel Chipman, of Tinmouth, and Samuel Hitchcock (then of Vergennes). Samuel Hitchcock was judge of the District Court of the United States for the district of Vermont, and judge of the Circuit Court of the second circuit of the United States, receiving his appointment from President John Adams, and going out of that office when the judiciary act was repealed. Judge Hitchcock was married May 26, 1789, to Lucy Caroline Allen, second daugh ter of General Ethan Allen. In 1794 he removed to Vergennes, where he lived untU 1806 (possibly 1805), when he returned to Burlington to reside. Judge Hitchcock's scholarship was of a superior order, and as a lawyer he ranked among the foremost in New England. He was endowed with a large measure of benevolence and admirable social qualities. As a conversationalist he was unrivaled for humor and briUiant repartee. His personal appearance was dignified and commanding. He had a light complexion and sharp blue eyes, and to a handsome person of medium size and height he added poUshed manners and a pleasing address. He died at Burlington November 20, 18 13, aged sixty-eight years. In a letter some years since by General Grandey, he says : " Judge Hitchcock was a man of a high stamp of character in aU respects, a leading and controUing mind among the strong and original minds of his day." . . . "The University of Vermont owes its paternity to Judge Samuel Hitchcock." Ofthe three sons of Judge Hitchcock who survived him but are now dead, Henry Hitchcock became the chief judge of the Supreme Court and the statesman of Alabama. General Grandey, who was his personal friend and acquaintance in Alabama, says of him : "He was the best known, the most beloved, the most distinguished, the ablest, the most worthy and the most popular man in Alabama during the last ten years of his Ufe." Ethan Allen Hitchcock (probably born in Vergennes), a distinguished major-general of the United States army, wise in council and brave in war, as became the descendants of such ancestors. Samuel Hitchcock, the youngest son of Hon. Samuel Hitchcock, was educated at West Point, afterward resigned and studied law. He was a natural student, inheriting some of the admirable traits of his parent He died in the forty-fourth year of his age, of consumption. Hon. Daniel Chipman, LL.D.^ was born in Salisbury, Conn., October 22, 1 From Swift's History of Middlebury. 144 History of Addison County. 1765. He was one of six sons of Samuel Chipman, then residing in that place. In 1775 the father removed with his sons to Tinmouth, in Rutland county. Daniel there labored on his farm until November, 1783, when he commenced his preparatory studies with his brother Nathaniel, who was then in the prac tice of law in Tinmouth. He entered Dartmouth College at the commence ment in 1784. Notwithstanding the short time he spent in his preparatory studies, by his confirmed habit of industry and his energy he graduated, in 1788, with a standing among the first in his class. He immediately commenced the study of law in the office of his brother Nathaniel, and in September, 1 790, was admitted to the bar, and opened an office in Rutland. He soon had an exten sive practice, regularly attending all the courts in the counties of Rutland, Ben nington, Addison and Chittenden. In 1793, three years after he was licensed to practice law, he was chosen a delegate from Rutland to the convention held at Windsor, for amending the constitution. In the year 1794 he removed to Middlebury, still continuing his practice in the counties above named. In 1796 he was married to Eleutheria Hedge, daughter of Rev. Lemuel Hedge, a minister of Warwick, Mass., and sister of the late Levi Hedge, professor in Harvard College, then residing with her mother in Windsor. In 1798 and two succeeding years he represented Middlebury in the General Assembly, and in several other years previous to 1808. He was chosen that year a member of the council under the old constitution, and was annually elected to that body for several years. He represented the town also in 18 12, 18 13 and 18 14. In 1 8 1 3 he was elected speaker, and was distinguished for his promptness and de cision. It was a time of high party excitement, the two political parties, Fed eral and Democratic, being nearly equal. The constitution provides that " at the opening of the General Assembly, there shall be a committee appointed out of the Council and Assembly, who, after being duly sworn to the faithful per formance of their trusts, shall proceed to sort and count the votes for governor and declare the person who has a major part of the votes to be governor for the year ensuing, and if there be no choice made, then the council and General Assembly, by their joint ballots, shaU make choice of a governor" Such com mittee had been appointed at this session, and some time in the evening, hav ing completed the canvass, the Governor and Council came into the chamber of the House of Representatives to hear the report of the canvassing committee, and agreeably to the uniform usage on such occasions, the speaker resigned his chair to the governor, who was appointed chairman. The canvassing com mittee reported that there was no choice of governor by the people, and there upon the committee of the two houses adjourned to an early hour the next day. On examination of the constitution the next morning, Mr Chipman was satis fied that the report of the canvassing committee was conclusive ; that the two houses had no power to canvass the votes or to act on the subject, otherwise than by a concurrent resolution to meet and elect a governor by their joint bal- Bench and Bar. 145 lots. He therefore considered it would be highly improper, and indeed in vio lation of the constitution, for the House of Representatives to join the Governor and Council, to decide the question whether a governor had or had not been elected by the people. Having taken this view of the subject, he at once de cided on the course to be pursued — that he would not resign the speaker's chair to the governor, when he and the Council should enter the House, but retain it and continue to preside, and preserve order in the House, leaving the governor to preside in the CouncU. Accordingly, when the Governor and Council came in, he retained the speaker's chair, seating the governor at his right. This was so unexpected that there was profound silence for several min utes. At length a member of the House arose and addressed the chairman. The speaker caUed him to order, saying if he had a motion to make he must address the speaker. Several other members made the same attempt, but were immediately put down by the speaker. A member of the Council then ad dressed the chairman ; upon which the governor, turning to the speaker, ob served, "There seems to be great confusion." "There is indeed," said the speaker ; " but your excellency may rest assured that the most perfect order will be preserved in the House, over which I have the honor to preside." At length the Governor and Council, finding that the House of Representatives would not act with them, retired, and the two houses afterwards met by con current resolution, and elected a governor by their joint ballots. This incident in the life of Mr. Chipman, which produced some excitement at the time, we have copied from an account given by himself, not only because it is an illus tration of his character, but because it is an event connected with the political history of the State. In the year 18 14 Mr. Chipman was again elected speaker of the House, and the same year was elected a representative to Congress. He attended the first session, but, by reason of ill health, was unable to attend to his duties a great portion of the time, and during the next session was con fined at home by sickness. The year foUowing his health was so far restored that he again resumed the practice of law, and in the years 181 8 and 1821 represented the town in the Legislature. In the year 1822 he published an essay on contracts for specific articles. It was highly commended by Judge Story, Chancellor Kent and other eminent jurists, met with an extensive sale, and added much to his reputation as a lawyer and scholar In the preface to this work he urged the importance of having the decisions of the Supreme Court reported. At the next session of the Legislature, in the year 1823, an act was passed providing for the appointment of a reporter, and he was ap pointed to that office. Having pubUshed one volume of reports, iU health compelled him to resign it. In the preface to his volume he urged the im portance of dividing the Legislature into two branches, by constituting a Sen ate. The Council of Censors having recommended this among other amend ments, a convention was called for the purpose of considering it In the mean 146 History of Addison County. time Mr. Chipman had retired from public life and invested considerable prop erty, and built him a large house in a pleasant location in Ripton, and had fixed his residence in the refreshing and salubrious atmosphere of that place. Such was his anxiety to have this amendment adopted that he yielded to the solicitations of his neighbors and accepted the appointment of delegate to the convention, held in January, 1836, from that town. Mr. Chipman took a con spicuous part in the able and animated debate on that subject, and the amend ment was adopted by a smaU majority. In 1 846 Mr. Chipman pubhshed the life of his brother, Hon. Nathaniel Chipman, LL.D., formerly member of the United States Senate, and Chief Justice of the State of Vermont. He after wards published several smaller works. Memoirs of Colonel Seth Warner and Thomas Chittenden, first Governor of Vermont, with a History of the Consti tution during his Administration, which are valuable pubUcations. In 1850 Mr. Chipman was elected delegate to the Constitutional Convention of that year, and there made his last appearance in any public capacity. The journey to Montpelier proved too much for his advanced age and feeble health. While in attendance upon the convention he was attacked with sickness, from which he never recovered. He reached his home in Ripton in a feeble condition, and died on the 23d of April, 1850, in the eighty-fifth year of his age. We doubt whether there is, or ever had been, another man so familiarly acquainted with the early history and interests of the State. He was a plain man in his dress and address, and courteous in his manner. His addresses at the bar and else where were eloquent from the power of his argument and the weight of his opinions, rather than from any polished oratory. It has been said of Mr. Chip- man that he " was one of the ablest lawyers of his time, being at the head of his profession in this county during the most of his professional hfe ; " that " he was a master ofthe common law ; " that he " was a man of nice and quick per ceptions, and of great skill in the examination of witnesses." "He was an original, bold and profound thinker and reasoner. His argument was rapid and earnest, clothed in language clear, vigorous and forcible. His candor and enthusiasm had great weight with a jury. The ease with which he could take a jury out of an intricate and tangled case and bring them to a clear and luminous view of the law and facts marked the hand of a master." The evidence seems conclusive that tradition is not at fault when she assigns to Daniel Chipman great intellectual powers, made available by intense applica tion and industry, and trained to their fuUest exercise by the force of sur rounding circumstances and by association with strong men who were his peers in many respects, and by no means feeble antagonists in the contests of the forum. Hon. Horatio Seymour, LL.D., was born at Litchfield, Conn., May 31, 1778. He was the son of Major Moses Seymour and Mrs. Mary (Marsh) Seymour. His father was a respectable citizen of that place, was in the War of the Revo- Bench and Bar. 147 lution, represented the town in the State Legislature much of the time from 1795 to 1812, and was town clerk for nearly forty years. The subject of this notice pursued his studies preparatory to entering college at New Milford un der the tuition of his brother-in-law. Rev. Truman Marsh, then located in that place. He was graduated at Yale CoUege in 1797. The foUowing year he spent as an assistant teacher in the academy at Cheshire, Conn. ; the sec ond he spent in the study of law, at Judge Reeve's law school in Litchfield. In October, 1799, he came to Middlebury and continued his professional studies in the office of Hon. Daniel Chipman. In the spring of 1800 he was licensed to practice law, and, in competition with several distinguished and older law yers, such as Daniel Chipman, Samuel MUler and others, entered immediately into an extensive practice, and rose rapidly in general estimation as a man and as a lawyer. He did not seek to extend his practice to other counties, but in the county of Addison no other lawyer, we believe, ever had so extensive a business, or was engaged at the same time in so many causes in the different courts. While building his large and very expensive brick house, in 1816 and 1817, he expressed to the writer of this notice his regret to lay out so great an expenditure on a house, but stated, as some alleviation, that his income dur ing those two years was sufficient to meet the expense. Notwithstanding his talents, which were of a superior order, and his thorough knowledge of the law, he was probably no little indebted for his success to his great popularity as a man. His career as a lawyer was uninterrupted until the spring of 1821. In the mean time, in December, 1 800, the same year in which he was admitted to the bar, Mr. Seymour was appointed postmaster, and continued in the office for nine years, but for much of the time, on account of the pressure of his pro fessional business, he committed the personal superintendence, with its income, to other hands. When the Vermont State Bank was established at the session of the Legislature in 1 806, he was chosen one of its first directors, and con tinued in that office until the branch at Middlebury was closed. In 1809 he was elected by the people a member ofthe Executive Council, and was annually re-elected for the five following years. In October, 1820, he was elected by the Legislature to the Senate of the United States, the duties of the office to commence on the 4th of March, 1821. At the close of his first term he was re-elected for a second. This of course was an interruption to his professional pursuits. At the close of his second term in 1833, he returned to the practice of law. This he continued until a few years since, when his infirmities forced him to retire from it The corporation of Yale CoUege, at the commencement in 1847, the fiftieth anniversary of his graduation, conferred on him the hon orary degree of LL.D. Mr Seymour was constitutionally diffident and dis trustful of himself So far from seeking for office, we think he never accepted one but with reluctance and through the solicitation of his friends. This trait undoubtedly influenced him in the discharge of his senatorial duties. He did 148 History of Addison County. feel called by a sense of duty, among so many distinguished senators so ready to speak, to make a display which his distrust of himself forbade. He was greatly respected for his sound but modest opinions, and his influence, though silent and unobtrusive, was generally recognized in the Senate. His intimate friends and associates were among the most distinguished men connected with the government, such as Adams, King, Clay, Webster and Marcy. But he did not often make any formal address in the Senate. It was otherwise when he acted in the capacity of an advocate. The rights and interests of his clients had been entrusted to him, and he had engaged for their defense, and no per sonal feelings could justify his neglect In his addresses to the court or jury he made no attempts at display, but in his quiet and modest way poured forth a powerful and comprehensive argument, which his opposing counsel found it difficult to meet, and introduced points in the case which had not occurred to them. He had great ingenuity and tact in the management of his causes. In his intercourse with all ranks of men he made all honest men his equals, and treated them as such. He had great ingenuity and wisdom in accomplishing his purposes, and when circumstances required he could keep " his own coun sel ; " but he had a scrupulous regard for the rights of all with whom he dealt, and had no forbearance for dishonesty or intrigue. By the interest he ex- pres^d in the affairs of all who needed his sympathy, and by his courteous and kindly treatment of all with whom he came in contact in every form of asso ciation, he secured not only the respect and confidence, but the personal friendship of all.^ Mr. Seymour was married in 1800 to Miss Lucy Case, daughter of Jonah Case, of Addison; she died in 1838. Mr. Seymour died November 21, 1857, in the eightieth year of his age, leaving three sons and the children of a deceased daughter. John Simmons was born at Ashford, Conn., September 16, 1775; grad uated at Providence College, now Brown University, in 1797. He began the study of law with WiUiam Perkins, of Ashford, and finished his course with Seth Storrs, of Middlebury, and was admitted to the bar in March, 1 80 1. He began and continued during his life the practice of law in Middlebury, partic ularly excelling as an office lawyer and counselor, and securing to an unusual degree the confidence of the community by his integrity, his practical wisdom, sound judgment and consummate prudence. Among many other offices of trust and responsibUity which he ably fiUed was that of treasurer of Middlebury CoUege, which he held from 18 10 until his death. He compiled the first book of legal forms ever pubhshed in the State, entitied the Gentleman's Law Maga zine, printed at Middlebury in February, 1804. He was also in fact the joint author, with Chester Wright, of an arithmetic called the Federal Compendium, published in 1800. As an honorable and moral citizen, deeply interested in the reUgious and educational prosperity of his town and county, he pursued a happy 1 Swift's History of Middlebury. Bench and Bar. 149 and useful life. He was married in 1 807 to Laura BeU, daughter of Harvey Bell, sr, and sister of Hon. Harvey Bell, late of Middlebury, and died June 9, 1829. His wife and five children survive him. Hon. Enoch D. Woodbridge " was the son of Hon. Enoch Woodbridge, and born in Bennington, Vt., May 16, 1779. He studied law with his father and was early admitted to the bar He married, October 12, 1806, Miss Clara Strong, the second daughter of General Samuel Strong, of Vergennes. He was prominent and influential in public affairs in his neighborhood and the State, held many positions of trust by the votes of his feUow citizens, was repeatedly mayor of the city of Vergennes, and member of both branches of the Legisla ture. He was an able lawyer, a good citizen, a man of most kindly and gen erous disposition, true always to his own convictions of right" Mr. Woodbridge is reported to have been a sagacious lawyer, skUlful in the conduct of his cases, thoroughly versed in the knowledge of his profession, and particularly so in aU that related to land tities, in his day the source of many of the important suits in court He was a safe counselor, a good advocate, and secured an extensive practice in Addison county and vicinity. In the early part of his career he was in partnership with Josias Smith, and the firm of Smith & Woodbridge had an extended fame and a large practice, which was continued successfully by Mr Woodbridge for many years after the death of Mr. Smith. In his later years he retired from professional life and was succeeded by his son, Hon. F. E. Woodbridge, who is still in the practice. Enoch Woodbridge died in July, 1853, aged seventy-four years. David Edmond was born at Woodbury, Conn., May 15, 1778, being the youngest son of Robert Edmond, who came to this country from Tyrone county, Ireland, and settled in Woodbury ; he had a large family of boys and educated several of them at coUege, two of them at Yale, where David Edmond grad uated with high honor in 1796, at the age of eighteen years. The remark of President Dwight to a citizen of Vergennes afterward, shows that the boy was father of the man. He pronounced him a wonderful scholar in the ease and rapidity with which he mastered his studies. David Edmond after leaving college studied law with his elder brother in Fairfield county. Conn., Judge William Edmond, who entered Congress in 1 798 as a representative from Con necticut, one year before David Edmond was admitted to the bar in Fairfield county. Mr. Edmond came to Vergennes it is supposed in 1801, as he was "admitted a freeman" in town meeting in Vergennes March 23, 1802; was admitted to the bar of Chittenden county in February, 1802. He received his first deed of real estate in Vergennes in January, 1803 ; was elected to a city office in March, 1803, and from that time on held various offices of trust and responsibility, up to the time of his death, March 27, 1824. He was a repre sentative from Vergennes to the State Legislature in 1808, 1809, 18 13, 18 14, 18 1 5, 1817 and 182 1. Hewas the State's attorney for Addison county in ISO History of Addison County. 1808, 1809, 1813, 1814, and 1819 to 1823 inclusive. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 18 14; mayor of Vergennes from 18 19 to his death in 1824. Evidently he was one whom his fellow citizens de lighted to honor, nor was his popularity confined to his own county. In 1816 an effort was made to secure his services as a representative to Con gress. He felt it to be unwise to leave an extensive and lucrative practice untU he had made provisions for his young and growing family, and did not encourage the effort His name, however, was placed on the general ticket as one of the six members to which Vermont was then entitled ; but the party to which he belonged was that year in a minority and their ticket de feated. Mr Edmond was twice married ; first, to Sarah Booth, who died soon after the birth of her second child. Her chUdren did not long survive their mother He was again married at New Haven, Conn., October 22, 1804, to Harriet Lavergne Ducasse, who long survived him and is stiU held in sweet re membrance by the older citizens of Vergennes for her inteUigence and virtues.^ In 1 8 10 Mr Edmond and his wife both united by profession with the Congre gational Church in Vergennes, and the records of the church show that he was not an inactive member. In a home where religious principles, refined taste and genial culture prevaUed, it is not strange that domestic happiness found a permanent abode. Eight chUdren survived him, only two of whom are now living : Miss Sarah H. Edmond and Mrs. Harriet Lavergne Coyle, of Wash ington, D. C. Mr. Edmond died in the forty-sixth year of his age, holding the love and admiration of his cotemporaries to a degree that few men ever attain, and that not from any struggle or effort of his, but from the inherent quahties ofthe man. In the suit instituted in 1817 by the Episcopal Society of Vermont to recover lands which the State had appropriated to the use of schools, and which was finally decided in the Supreme Court of the United States in 1823, Mr. Edmond and Daniel Webster were the attorneys for the State, and Mr. Webster was emphatic in his admiration of Mr. Edmond as a man and a lawyer. Tradition tells of a most elegant speech of welcome made to President Monroe, when he visited Vergennes in 1817, by Mr. Edmond upon the shortest notice, and the president's surprise that Vermont did not avail herself of the services of such a man in the national councils. Whenever a justice's court was held in Mr. Edmond's office (now the Farmers' National Bank) a crowd was sure to gather to listen to his eloquence. Hon. E. J. Phelps, whose father was cotemporary with Mr. Edmond, characterized Mr. Edmond as " one of the most finished advocates that ever lived." Nature's en dowment of talents of a high order, to which was added a rich and varied cult ure, adorned with all the social graces, combined to form a man whose like we may not look upon again. The following extract from the pen of Hon. Charles 1 She was the only child of Jean Ducasse, who came to this country with La Fayette to aid in our Revolutionary struggle. He was a captain of artillery under General Gates, and died while on his re turn to France, when this daughter was about a year old. He married in this country. Bench and Bar. 151 Linsley, a distinguished member of Addison county bar, and who knew Mr. Edmond, expresses the sentiment of his cotemporaries ; he says : " Mr Ed mond was well educated and thoroughly grounded in the law when he came to Vermont He was immediately employed in all the important cases. He possessed those rare and striking qualifications as an advocate and jury lawyer which captivate the crowd and steal away the hearts of the most acute and thoughtful listeners. He was of medium size, with a fine form and a counte nance dignified and pleasing. With an eye dark and piercing when roused, but in conversation playful and sunny, every motion was easy and graceful and every look was genial and kind. You saw from the first he was no or dinary man. But one must have heard him address a jury — he never wearied them ; so long as he addressed them every eye was fixed on him with intense eagerness. He was always short, rarely exceeding an hour in arguing an important cause, but that hour was enough for him ; for ere that hour was over the jury would be charmed and fascinated by a power they could not resist. His voice, soft and melodious in its lower tones, was capable of the deepest pathos, or, roused, could reach the grand and terrible. His language was care fully chosen, clear and plain ; it flowed from his persuasive lips like flowing waters, sometimes running with a gentle current, then rushing forward with overwhelming force, compelhng assent to his opinions. He never hesitated ; seldom paused, never reconstructed a sentence. When the words passed his lips they were ready for the press. He was one of nature's orators and fasci nated all who heard him. Though he was conscious of his great powers, he assumed no airs of superiority ; was modest and plain in bearing and manner and a great and general favorite with his professional brethren." Martin Post was born in Rutland, Vt., November 11, 1778. As a self- educated student he entered the law office of Seth Storrs for the study of the law. He was admitted to the bar in 1802. He practiced two years in Jericho, Vt, one year in Cornwall, and in 1805' returned to Middlebury. In 1808 he became the law partner of Horatio Seymour. He was county clerk in 1808— 09, and five years (1804 to 1809) clerk ofthe General Assembly. He was an amiable man, a natural scholar, an easy writer, but long suffered Ul health. He died in 18 n, leaving a wife and three sons, his sons being aU educated at Middlebury CoUege and aU fine scholars. His sons were Rev. Martin M. Post, long settied at Logansport, IU.; Rev. Truman M. Post, D. D., settied at St Louis, Mo., well known to many in Addison county as an eloquent preacher and able divine ; Cornelius H. Post died soon after leaving coUege. Hon. William Slade was the son of William Slade, esq., of Cornwall, who was sheriff of the county for ten successive years, from 1801 to 18 10; and was born at Cornwall, May 9, 1786. He was graduated at Middlebury CoUege in 1 807, having maintained a prominent standing in his class, and immediately entered upon the study of law in the office of Judge Doolittie. He was ad- 152 History of Addison County. mitted to practice at the August term of the County Court in 1810, and im mediately opened an office in Middlebury. He continued to practice with in creasing reputation, especially as an advocate, until 1 8 14. As a politician Mr Slade was of the school of Jefferson and Madison. In consequence ofthe meas ures adopted by these administrations, in resistance of the encroachments of the British and French nations, who were engaged in an exterminating war, and followed by our war in 1812, party politics raged to an extent never since known. A majority of the people of this State had given in their adhe sion to the Democratic party at the commencement of Mr. Jefferson's admin istration. But the parties were so nearly equal that the Federalists obtained the ascendency for two years during the war The struggle between the parties was arduous and exciting. Mr. Slade entered with his whole soul into the con flict, and became an active and influential partisan. He addressed with zeal and effect all political assemblages, and wrote much in enforcing and vindicat ing his political views. On account of his popularity as a writer and pubhc speaker he became an acknowledged leader. The Democratic party in the fall of 1 8 1 3 had established a paper called the Columbian Patriot ; but the editor who had been employed not proving satisfactory, he was dismissed ; and Mr. Slade, early in 18 14, gave up his profession and became the editor — a busi ness which was congenial to his talents and temperament. He also established an extensive book-store and printing-office, and pubUshed several books. This business did not prove successful, and was continued only two or three years. But he occupied so prominent a position in his party that his friends were ready to give him any office which might be vacant. Accordingly he was elected secretary of State successively from 181 5 to 1822 ; assistant judge of Addison County Court from 18 16 to 1821 ; clerk ofthe Supreme Court for the county from i8l9to 1823. After the faUure of his printing and publishing business the offices which he held at home in 1823 did not satisfy his pecuniary wants, and he took the office of clerk in the Department of State at Washington in 1824. After the disorganization ofthe political parties at the close ofthe war, and during Mr. Monroe's administration, and when the election of a successor approached, towards the close of his administration, Mr. Slade attached himself to the party of John Quincy Adams, in opposition to General Jackson, as did most ofthe people of Vermont. When the latter came into office in 1829 and Mr. Van Buren had charge of the Department of State, Mr. Slade was removed in a manner that was not relished by the freemen of Vermont, as they were prepared to manifest at the first opportunity. He then returned to Middle bury and resumed the profession of law, and in 1830 was appointed State's attorney for the county. On the first vacancy in 183 1 he was elected a rep resentative in Congress. In this office he continued until 1843. The year following he officiated as reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court, and in 1844 he was elected governor of Vermont, and continued in that office two Bench and Bar. 153 years. From that time to the close of his life Governor Slade was employed as corresponding secretary and general agent of the Board of National Popu lar Education. To this service Governor Slade zealously devoted all his time and energy. It required extensive correspondence in its various departments, numerous journeys and frequent pubhc addresses. Governor Slade was char acterized by persevering industry, and by a sensitive and ardent temperament, which were manifest in all his enterprises. They were exhibited in his polit ical movements and in all enterprises which he thought tended to promote the reformation of society. They were exhibited no less in his religious character. When a member of college, in 1 806, he consecrated himself to the service of religion, and united himself to the Congregational Church in Cornwall, his na tive place, and afterwards transferred his connection to the Congregational Church in Middlebury. His death occurred on Sunday night, January 16, 1859, in his seventy-third year. Samuel Swift, LL.D. — Among the honored members of the Addison county bar the name of Samuel Swift, of Middlebury, was a prominent one from 1808 to 1875. His high position in the public favor came to him not so much for his achievements in the strict line of his profession, as for his sterhng worth and ability — his excellences as a man and his fidelity and usefulness in the various offices of trust bestowed upon him through a long life, from his earliest manhood to old age. He possessed a clear and logical mind, and was ever faithful to his high moral and religious principles. His sound common sense, cool judgment, stern integrity, and great self-control secured for him a warm place in the regard and esteem of the community where he was best known, and his faithful and wise performance of his public duties widened the circle of his influence and increased the number of his friends. Samuel Swift was born at Nine Partners, now Amenia, N. Y., August 2, 1782. He gradu ated at Dartmouth CoUege in 1800 — was trustee in Middlebury College sev eral years — was admitted to the bar in 1808. In 1813 he was appointed sec retary to the Governor and CouncU, and in 1814 was bearer of dispatches from the governor to General Macomb, at the time of the memorable battle of Plattsburgh. The same year he was appointed county clerk and held the posi tion thirty- two years. In 18 16 he served the first of his six terms as repre sentative of Middlebury in the Legislature. In 1 8 19 he was elected judge of probate for the district of Addison, which then included the whole of the county, and continued in the office by successive re-elections twenty-two years. Judge Swift was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1829 and 1836 — was senator for Addison county 1838 and 1839 — assistant judge of County Court 1855, and twice re-elected. By request ofthe Historical Society he wrote the history of Middlebury, and of Addison county, which was published in 1859, and is the chief source of information to aU writers on Addison county matters. Judge Swift died at Middlebury July 8, 1875. 154 History of Addison County. Robert B. Bates was one of the strong and brilliant men who adorned the bar of Addison county in the first quarter of the century ; men whose names are even now mentioned with an exulting pride by the older men of the county. Robert B. Bates was admitted to the bar of this county in June, 1813, and was in practice here fifteen or twenty years. Mr Linsley has left the following sketch of him : " Mr Bates was conspicuous as a member of the Legislature from Middlebury, 1823-25, and the four years next following. As a politician he was always a Whig and was naturaUy and strongly conservative. From his first appearance in the House he took a high stand as a popular and effective speaker His reputation as an able lawyer had preceded him ; he was placed on the most important committees, and during the six years he represented Middlebury he was one of the most popular leaders in the House. He did not speak often, but when he did he received the undivided attention of the whole House ; the last three years of his service in the House he was elected speaker and made an admirable presiding officer. His style of debate was calm, grave and dignified. Few men had the art of stating a proposition in a more con vincing and attractive manner, and any fallacy of his adversary was exposed with promptitude and vigor. With a clear and unclouded intellect, much gravity and firmness of manner and most persuasive eloquence, he could hold in breathless silence the undivided attention of the House. As a popular ora tor no man in this county could vie with him except Mr. Edmond. But it was as a lawyer that Mr. Bates was mainly distinguished. It was as a lawyer that nature had prepared him to shine. He had thoroughly studied his profes sion before coming to Vermont, but had no practice. Soon after coming to Middlebury he became a partner with the Hon. Daniel Chipman, then in a very large and lucrative practice. Mr Chipman's health was for some years quite feeble and he was for two years in Congress. The ease and skill with which Mr. Bates took up and conducted this mass of important business, much of which was new to him, showed at once the range of his intellect and its adaptation to the law. It was seen that he was capable of grasping and mas tering the most complicated cases and presenting them to a court and jury in a clear and luminous manner The office was fully sustained and the company was retained in aU the important cases in Addison and Rutiand counties. Mr Bates had not the easy flow of polished language which distinguished Edmond, or the nervous energy of Daniel Chipman, or the intuitive perception of the law'of the case so striking in Judge Phelps; but in some respects he was supe rior to either of them. Self-rehant, calm and confident, his statements half convinced you that he was right, while his artful examination of witnesses elic ited every word that could be made to tell in his favor, while the cross-exami nation of the adversary witnesses was most skillful. His points of law were weU considered and stated with admirable clearness. But it was in his address to the jury that his power as an advocate was revealed. The jury were charmed Bench and Bar. 155 with his fairness and candor What was wholly indefensible he yielded frankly and gracefully, but sought to weaken the force of what could not be denied. His argument was at once grave and serious, at the same time cogent, persua sive and forcible. A jury always hstened to him with attention and commonly with pleasure." Samuel H. Holley was the son of Robert Holley, one of the early settlers of Bristol, Vt Samuel Holley was born at Shaftsbury, Vt, but went to Bris tol while young and attended the common school and later the grammar school at Middlebury. From there he entered the military school at West Point, where he graduated, and then returned to Middlebury and studied law with Horatio Seymour and was admitted to the bar in 1809. He soon after went to Shoreham and opened an office and continued his practice until the War of 18 12, when he received a captain's commission and raised a company and was with them at Champlain, N. Y., in the winter of 1813— 14. He resigned soon after and resumed his practice at Shoreham. Not long afterward he went to Bristol and continued his practice until 1821, when he moved to Middlebury and was law partner with Hon. Horatio Seymour three years. He did but little business in his profession after that, devoting his attention to the care of the large property he had accumulated. He seems to have been a lawyer of abihty and fine culture, and had the confidence of his acquaintances. He was a justice of the peace twenty-four years ; five years a member of the Council ; nine years one of the assistant judges of Addison County Court, and for several years quartermaster-general for the State of Vermont Peter Starr, son of Rev. Peter Starr, of Warren, Conn., was born in War ren June II, 1778. He graduated at Williams CoUege in 1799, and after teaching a few years and studying law he was admitted to the bar in Addison county in 1805 and soon commenced practice in Middlebury, where he had a prosperous business. He was a sound lawyer and a reliable man. Great ele ments in his success were his wise counsels and his thorough and accurate business habits. He died in 1861, aged eighty-three years. David K. Markham, son of Ebenezer Markham and grandson of Benja min Kellogg, one of the first settiers in Addison county, was born at Shore ham in 1793 ; admitted to Addison county bar in 18 19, and resided in Mid dlebury until 1823, when he removed to Louisiana and died there of cholera in 1833. Hon, Charles Linsley "was born at CornwaU, Vt, August 29, 1795. His father, Hon. Joel Linsley, one of the earliest and most prominent settlers of that town, came there from Woodbury, Conn., in 1775. Rev. Joel H. Linsley, D. D., was a brother of Charles Linsley. Charies grew up to manhood in the county where he was born. He did not enjoy the advantage of liberal studies in early years, but seems to have acquired a good, plain education. He was first en gaged in mercantile pursuits . . in Salisbury, and in 181 8 entered into the 156 History of Addison County. business of seUing goods at Middlebury in partnership with Benjamin Seymour This, however, continued but a short time. In 18 19 he commenced the study of the law in the office of Mr. Starr, in Middlebury, and after remaining there a year or two went to St Albans and completed his course in the office of Mr, afterward Chief Justice, Royce. In 1823 he was admitted to the bar in Franklin county, returned to Middlebury and began the practice of his pro fession. Mr. Linsley remained in Middlebury, engaged exclusively in business at the bar, and commanding much public respect and confidence, down to 1856, a period of thirty-three years, comprising the prime of his life. In 1856, after a brief absence at the West, engaged in some railroad affairs with his sons, he was induced to remove to Rutland, where he formed a partnership with Hon. John Prout and entered at once into a very large business, more lucrative, probably, than any he had ever enjoyed. The next six years, the last of his active life, were its busiest. Besides his heavy practice, he held during the years 1856 and 1857, by appointment ofthe Supreme Court, the office of raU road commissioner, the first incumbent of that position after its creation. He was also collector of the district of Vermont under President Buchanan in i860, and in 1858 he represented the town of Rutland in the Legislature, and took a leading and useful part in the debates and business of the session." The fore going is taken from an address before the Vermont Historical Society by Hon. E. J. Phelps, in 1866. Mr Phelps also speaks in high terms of the general popularity, the great legal ability, the sterling worth, the genial social quali ties and the domestic happiness of Mr. Linsley, and says he was " honest, kindly, generous, true to his friends, in prosperity modest, in adversity brave, he was a Christian gentleman every inch." He died November 3, 1863. In the last years of his life Mr. Linsley was requested by the Vermont Historical Society to prepare sketches of the departed members of Addison county bar, and from the invaluable papers left by him and kindly loaned for this purpose, many of the facts in the sketches in this chapter are obtained, and many of the discriminating descriptions of character are copied in his words. Hon. Horatio Needham was the youngest son of Joseph Needham, a respect able farmer of Whiting, Vt, where Horatio Needham was born April 21, 1796. His advantages for early education were very Umited, but in 1817 he com menced the study of law with Elijah Parker, of Brandon, and completed his course with Hon. Samuel Holley, of Bristol. He was admitted to the bar of Addison County Court at the June term in 1821, and immediately afterward opened an office at Bristol, where he continued his practice for more than forty years, and to the time of his death in July, 1863. He was married February ' 9, 1826, to Miss Betsey Erskine, who survived him ; he had no children. Mr Needham commenced practice under discouraging circumstances — with no library and but little money ; but he conquered success. His cases were weU prepared, his counsel judicious, and he gradually gained the confidence of his Bench and Bar. 157 neighbors and the esteem of his brother lawyers. One of them has said : " In his arguments to a jury he sought to win, and in his earnestness forgot himself When thoroughly roused he spoke with freedom and force, and his strong com mon sense gave him weight with the jury. A clear head and great caution made him a wary and safe adviser.'' He was considered a man of integrity and thoroughly honest His social quaUties also contributed to his popularity. Possessing a retentive memory, he had large store of witty and amusing anec dotes, which he could relate with a drollery peculiar to himself He possessed an amiable disposition, a cheerful and happy temperament well calculated to secure friends. In a modest and unassuming manner he held to the principles of the Democratic party and sustained the government in putting down the Re beUion of 1 86 1, but was not an offensive partisan. He was town clerk of Bris tol five years ; selectman six years ; representative to the General Assembly eight years, the last time in 1853, when he was elected speaker of the House ; once a member of the Council of Censors, and twice a delegate to the Consti tutional Conventions. Mr, Needham was a consistent member of the Metho dist Church. He was a Freemason of high degree, and was buried with Ma sonic honors at Bristol in July, 1863. Hon. Philip C. Tucker ^Nas born in Boston, Mass., January n, 1800; came to Vergennes in the year 1 8 1 5 as a clerk of the Monkton Iron Company, in the service of which company, as clerk and agent, he continued until the year 1830. In 18 19 he entered upon the study of law with Hon. David Edmond and Noah Hawley, then leading lawyers of Vergennes, In 1825 he was ad mitted to the bar at Middlebury and immediately commenced the practice of his profession, which he continued successfully during his life. On the 2d of May, 1825, he was married to Mary C. M. McCloskey, of Boston, who still (1886) survives him. In politics Mr. Tucker was a Democrat, in a State in which there has not been a Democratic government since the year 1834; he was not, therefore, in the hne of political advancement, although in 1828 he was a member ofthe State Constitutional Convention and in 1829-30 a mem ber of the State Legislature. A student by nature and habit, his attainments in scientific knowledge and belles lettres were of a high order. In the year 1835 the University of Vermont conferred upon him the (honorary) degree of Master of Arts, as did also Middlebury College in the year 1842. In the year 1 82 1 Mr Tucker became a Freemason and advanced in due course to the highest degrees then conferred in the State. For many years he was the pre siding officer of the local bodies at Vergennes. An indefatigable worker, he soon became a prominent leader in its affairs throughout the State, and held high official station in the Grand Lodge and Grand Chapter of the State. When, the anti-Masonic crusade commenced against the order he was deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge, and the enemies ofthe order found him at the front with his face to his foes ; with voice and pen he labored for his order, and soon II iS8 History of Addison County. became recognized as its acknowledged champion and the leader of the faith ful. In doing so he sacrificed business and future prospects, but was not de terred from doing his duty as he understood it by thought of personal interest. After the controversy was over, in 1 847, he was elected grand master of Masons in Vermont and held that office until his death. Mr. Tucker was distinguished as an able writer and an accomplished advocate, and by great independence in thought and action ; his Masonic writings obtained for him more than a national reputation in that order, while his literary and professional labors commanded the respect of his contemporaries. He died at Vergennes on the loth day of AprU, 1 86 1, and was buried by the Masonic Grand Lodge with the services of the order. Edward D. Barber v/zs born at Greemvich, N. Y., August 30, 1806. He was the son of Rev. Edward Barber, a Baptist clergyman. E. D. Barber grad uated at Middlebury College in 1829 and entered heartily into the pohtics of the day, assuming the editorship of the Anti-Masonic Republican, of Middle bury. By nature an earnest and enthusiastic man, he became conspicuous in his party and was, at a later period, a leader in the Freesoil section ofthe Dem ocratic party. After his admission to the bar he secured a good practice and an excellent reputation as a lawyer in Middlebury ; but his tastes were for a more active life, and his business engagements drew him away from his professional pursuits. He established the glass-works at Lake Dunmore, and the tinge of romance in his nature made the scenery and pursuits at Lake Dunmore a de Ught to him. Hedied August 23, 1855. He married Miss Nancy Wainwright, of Middlebury, in 1833, and left two daughters and a son surviving him. Julius Beckwith was born at Monkton, Vt, February 10, 1821. In '1827 his parents removed to Middlebury, where he fitted for coUege and graduated in 1840. He studied law with Hon. Horatio Seymour and was admitted to the bar in 1843. He then visited the West, but on the application of Charles Linsley he returned to Middlebury, and entered into partnership with Mr- Linsley in 1 844. This partnership continued until their office was burned in 1852, when the partnership was dissolved and Mr. Beckwith opened an office and practiced successfuUy until his death on December 3, 1857. He was mar ried to Miss Abby S. Wainwright, in 1 847, who survives him. As a lawyer Mr. Beckwith acquired a large and growing practice and a fine reputation at the bar for so young a man. SociaUy he was the admiration of his acquaint ances and the charm of the society which he adorned. Samuel S. Woodbridge, son of Enoch D. Woodbridge, was a man of fine talents and high attainments. He graduated at Williams College and was ad mitted to the bar with flattering prospects. He married an amiable and accom plished lady of Vergennes, and began practice in the office of his father, but his course was terminated by death almost at the commencement of his professional life. Hedied August 25, 1834, aged twenty-seven years. Bench and Bar, 159 Dugald Stewart, although admitted to the bar and well fitted by nature's endowment and by his own acquirements to shine as a counselor and jurist, was not so conspicuous as a lawyer by reason of devoting his attention to other matters — for many years county clerk and State auditor, and commissioner to secure from the general government the amount due the State of Vermont for moneys expended in the War of the RebeUion, in aU of which he was suc cessful. He is remembered not so much for his achievements as a lawyer, as for his sound judgment in affairs of business or of law, his great stock of common sense and his unswerving and conscientious integrity. He was an unassuming man, of such ability and worth that men deemed it an honor to be caUed his friend. Noah Hawley was for many years an honored and trusted lawyer of Ver gennes, noted for his candor and integrity. He died about 1 831. When the probate district of New Haven was established in 1824 he was' appointed reg ister of probate and held the appointment five or six years, and was elected judge of probate in 1829 and 1830. Robert Bostwick was a lawyer of Vergennes in the beginning of this century, of -whom but little remains of record. Martin Harmon, son of Daniel Harmon, graduated at Dartmouth, 1793 ; was a lawyer in Vergennes for a short time till his early death, July 25, 1798, at the age of twenty-four years. Harvey Bell, born at Middlebury April 9, 1791 ; graduated there in 1809; studied with John Simmons and Litchfield Law School ; commenced practice at Middlebury in partnership with Simmons; State senator in 1836 and 1837; united with Congregational Church in 1835 ; practiced some years as partner of Judge Phelps. In May, 1841, became editor and proprietor oi Middlebury Galaxy ; the latter part of his life became a successful farmer ; died in 1 848. Milo Cook, esq., son of Joseph Cook, was born in Goshen, Conn., June 2, 1783, and the next year went with his parents to Cornwall, Vt He graduated at Middlebury College 1 804 ; studied law with Samuel Miller, and admitted 1807 ; commenced practice at WiUiston, Vt; in 181 3 went to Middlebury and into mercantile business ; in 1 8 1 7 went south and taught till his death. Amos Marsh came to Vergennes about 1795 and speedily obtained distinc tion as a man of learning and ability. He was born in New Milford, Conn., September 8, 1764. Hewas a member of the Legislature in 1796 and several years foUowing ; three years he was speaker of the House. He died at Sara toga Springs January 4, 1811, and was buried in Vergennes cemetery. Many other lawyers have practiced in Addison county for a short time and afterward achieved fame and reputation in broader fields. To enumerate them all with accuracy from memory is not to be expected. Since the removal of Seth Storrs from Addison in 1793, that town has had no permanent lawyer. In Bridport Calvin SoUace was known for many years as a sound and judicious i6o History of Addison County, lawyer and business man, commanding the respect and confidence of his ac quaintances. In Bristol Joseph C. Bradley was an active lawyer for several years. Middlebury, in addition to those already mentioned, had Loyal Case, a son of Jonah Case, of Addison — a brother-in-law and law partner of Hon. Horatio Seymour Ozias Seymour, son of Horatio Seymour, a man weU versed in law and master of his profession. Jedediah Bushnell, son of Rev. Jedediah Bushnell, of Cornwell, long recognized as a lawyer of ability, was many years register of probate. George Swift, son of Hon. Samuel Swift, succeeded his father as county clerk in 1 847 and is now an honored citizen of Detroit, Mich. Beaumont Parks, a graduate of Dartmouth College, admitted to the bar in 1 8 1 1 . Ripton for a few years claimed Daniel Chipman and George Chipman. Salis bury boasts of S. N. Briggs and John Prout, who afterwards removed to Rut land county, and John CoUey. Shoreham for many years had the law services of Udney H. Everest, a son of Zadock Everest, one of the first settlers of Ad dison. Mr. Everest was a reliable lawyer of fair repute in the county. For about ten years Moses Strong, son of John Strong, of Addison, practiced in Shoreham, and was an able and sagacious lawyer, who achieved fame and wealth in Rutland after leaving Shoreham. Judge Hand, of Essex county, N. Y., was a native of Shoreham, but his professional life was passed in Essex county, the place of his triumphs and success. Vergennes had the first lawyer in the county in point of time, and has since had her full quota. Smith Boothe, for many years in active practice. Willam P. Brown, son of Phineas Brown, of Waltham, afterward entered business hfe in Alabama. John E. McVene, John Packer, Solon Burroughs, H. C. Lawrence, Levi Meades and C. M. Fisher, and the talented and lamented George R. Chapman, who died in the prime of his young manhood. Thomas W. Rich graduated at Dartmouth College in 1 779 ; practiced for a time in Monkton and then moved to Vergennes, where he kept a hotel (now the Stevens House), till 1826, when he died at the age of fifty-two years. Nathan Haskins, born at Wethersfield, Vt, AprU 27, 179S, graduated at Dartmouth 1820; studied law with Asa Aldis at St Albans and Noah Hawley at Vergennes, and practiced law at Vergennes from 1823 to 1831. While in Vergennes he published a History of Vermoiit, and was editor of the Ve7-mont Aurora for three years. He afterwards resided at Bennington and at Williamstown, Mass., and pubUshed Notes on the West in 1833, and something on the Bennington court controversy, and strictures on civil liberty as it existed in the United States in 1847 and 1848. He died at Williamstown April 21, 1869. The first County Court for Addison county was held on the first Tuesday in March, 1786, at the house of Zadock Everest, in Addison. The second term at the house of Captain Thomas Butterfield in Colchester, in November of the same year; then in March and November ofeachyearat the house of Jonah Case, in Addison tiU 1792, when Middlebury was made the shire town, and the courts Medical Society and Physicians. i6i in 1792 and 1793 were held at the public house of John Deming, which stood on the ground now occupied by the Congregational Church in Middlebury. They were afterward held at the public house of Samuel Mattocks tiU 1798, when the first court-house was occupied. The site for a court-house was given by Gamaliel Painter, and the house was built by subscription of citizens of Mid dlebury and vicinity. It was used as a State-house for the meeting of the Leg islature in 1800 and 1806. In 18 14 the court-house was moved from its situ ation between the Addison House and the Wainwright House to its later loca tion, and there used untU 1883. The present substantial and handsome brick court-house was first used for the session of court at the December term of 1883. It was built by a county tax at a cost of $22,000. The present bar of Addison county is as follows : Bristol, W. W. Rider, L. S. Scott. Middlebury, L, D. Eldredge, H. S. Foote, L. E, Knapp, Thomas H. McLeod, James M. Slade, John W. Stewart, J. E. Stapleton, John C. Stapleton, Almon P. Tupper, Emerson R. Wright, Charles M. Wilds. New Haven, Ira W. Clark, E. G. Hunt Starksboro, A. M. Hawkins, E. W. J. Hawkins. Salis bury, Charles F. Kingsley. Vergennes, George W. Grandey, F. E. Wood- bridge, CHAPTER XI. MEDICAL SOCIETY AND PHYSICIANS.' The Doctor of Early Days — Organization of the Addison County Medical Society — First Members — First Board of Officers — Names of Early Members — Vicissitudes — Suspension of the Society — Reorganization — An Era of Success — Biographical Memoranda of Deceased Physicians. THERE is little of a general character to record of the medical profession in early days in Addison county. The experiences of the family doctor in a new country may not be generally understood in this late day, but his be neficent, arduous and often ill-requited labors are remembered with gratitude in many famiUes. The physician of pioneer times may not have possessed in all cases the advantages for securing the broadest and most perfect professional education, but in his practice, when his " ride " covered territory many mUes in extent ; when roads were none of the best ; when accommodations for travelers were very meager, and when everybody was poor in the world's goods, while at the same time sickness and death made their unfailing visits at every hearth stone — then the country doctor's deeds and life often rose to the heroic. Addison County Medical Society. — This society was organized and met for the first time on the 15th day of December, 181 3. There were present the 1 Prepared chiefly by Dr. Charles L. Allen, of Rutland. 1 62 History of Addison County, following physicians : Drs. Ebenezer Huntington, William Bass, Edward Tu dor, Frederick Ford, Rufus Newton, Luther E. HaU, Horace Brooks, Dan Stone, Jacob Peck, David McHolUster Organization was perfected by the election of the foUowing officers : Dr Ebenezer Huntington, president; WilUam Bass, vice-president; Luther E. HaU, secretary; Frederick Ford, jr, treasurer; William Bass, librarian. Dan Stone, Edward Tudor, Frederick Ford, jr, John Lyman, David McHoUister, censors. Luther E, HaU and Dan Stone were made a committee to present a code of by-laws. It was also voted that the president should deliver an inaugural address at the next meeting ; that members pay each a tax of one dollar ; and Josiah Lyman was examined by the censors and approved. The next meeting was ordered held at the house of Dr Bass, and a notice of the same to be pub lished in the Vermont Mirror. At the next meeting a code of by-laws was presented and approved, and the following named physicians signed them : Drs. Ebenezer Huntington, WiUiam Bass, Frederick Ford, Fred. Ford, jr, Dan Stone, Asher Nichols, Luther E. Hall, John Wilson, John Lyman, David M'AUaster,^ Prentiss D. Cheney, Nicanor Needham, Luther Cory, Ira Smith, Levi Warner, Martin Gay, Cyrus Carpenter, Joseph Needham, Jacob Peck, William Hatch, Erastus E. Blin, Gail Nichols, Edward Tudor, Luther Stone, jr., Richard P. WiUiams, Zacheus Bass, Abiel P. Mead, Enos Pearson, Ralph P. Alien, William GiU, Josiah W. Hale, J. K. Barlow, Hosea Brooks, Benj. Bullard, Calvin Wood, Friend M. Hall, Morris C. Smith, Horatio A. Smith, Aaron Jackson, Adin Hall, Oliver J. Eels, Thomas P. Matthews, Edwin K. Smith, Jona. Cram, Alfred Clark, E. K. Wood, Zenas Shaw, Jonathan A. Allen, Joel Rice, Washington Miller. The above signatures cover the period from the organization of the society to December, 1822, and may be presumed to embrace all who were members to that time ; it also, without doubt, embraces all, or nearly aU, who were at all entitled to rank as practicing physicians in the county to that date. Among the names that occasionally appear in the proceedings of meetings down to October 4, 1825, when the first record book closed, and which are not included in the foregoing list, we find the following : Horace Brooks, Jacob Peck, Benjamin Bullard, Horatio Conant, Maltias Ward, Adin Hall, admitted 18 18; Gale Nichols, admitted 1815 ; Apollos Anger, Enoch A. Smith and Job Dart were granted diplomas in 18 16; Frederick Miner, admitted 18 19; Anderson G. Dana, admitted 1819 ; F"rederick Miner, received diploma 1819 ; William G. Hooker, admitted 18 19; E. K. Wood and Alfred Clark, admitted 1820; E. Cushman, W. MiUer and C. W. Horton, admitted 1821 ; Joel Rice and Jona than A. AUen, admitted 1822; Moses C. Deming, admitted 1824; Isaac See ley, admitted 1825. 1 It will be observed that several of these names are spelled differently from the way they are given in the previous records of the meeting ; but in both cases M-e have followed the orthography of the old record book. Medical Society and Physicians. 163 Dr. Ebenezer Huntington was continued in the office of president of the society until 1820, when Dr Dan Stone was elected. He was once re-elected, and in 1822 Dr. Huntington was again placed in the office; in 1823 Dr. Lu ther E. HaU was elected and held the office through 1825. For 1826 William Bass was elected. There is little in the proceedings of the society during the period under con sideration that demands attention here ; a few members were expelled and one was convicted of stealing a watch, which he refunded. The society kept up communication with the State society, and was called upon on several occasions for reports on diseases, mortality, etc., and papers were prepared and forwarded. The members were granted diplomas by the board of censors, beginning in a short time after the organization of the society, upon payment of five dollars each ; and they were assessed from one to two dollars annually, for current ex penses. That some of the members were delinquent in the payment of these dues is seen by a resolution adopted in 1818, expressing a determination to collect by law all moneys due the society where the amount exceeded one dol lar. A receipt appears in the records for twenty-five copies of diplomas in blank from Dr. James Porter, of Rutland, under date of June, 1821. A new code of by-laws was adopted in 1822, the principal changes in which related to additional stringency in the examination and admission of members ; the purchase of books for the library ; the collection of dues, etc. One pro vision reads as follows : " No spirituous Liquor shall be drank in the society, while on business, or snioking tobacco, without special permission from the presiding officer." Of the causes which led to the dissolution or the suspension of this society, which occurred in 1826, we are not advised. After the society had elected its officers in May of that year, the foUowing resolution was presented by Dr D. Stone : " Resolved, By the Addison County Medical Society, that we will, on the second Wednesday of June next, at the house of Dr WilUam Bass, put up our Library at auction to the members of the Society, in manner as may be agreed on by a committee appointed for that purpose. The avails from the sale of said Library to be at the disposal ofthe Society." It was then voted that a committee of three be appointed to " attend to the sale of the library." The members chosen were Drs. Martin Gay, WUliam Bass and Frederick Ford. At the June meeting the aforesaid committee reported recommending that the library be sold in as small portions as convenient, for notes payable in thirty days, with an endorser. The sale was made, the schedule showing some sixty sets of works, which brought a gross sum of about eighty dollars. Another meeting was held on the 4th of October, 1826, at which only six physicians were present. They voted that a committee of two be appointed to settle with the treasurer, and in connection with him to 1 64 History of Addison County, make a schedule for a dividend of such money as may be found in his hands. Drs. Joel Rice and Thomas P. Matthews were appointed as the committee. The last vote recorded is to adjourn until the second Wednesday in January next (1827). The next organization of this society was effected in December, 1835, the meeting being held on the i6th of December. Dr. Dan C. Stone, of Ver gennes, occupied the chair, and Erasmus D. Warner, of New Haven, was ap pointed secretary. A resolution was passed that the physicians of the county be invited to attend a meeting at the Vermont Hotel on the 24th of December, for the purpose of organization. A committee consisting of Drs. Dan C. Stone, A. Hall and N. H. Finney, was appointed to prepare a constitution and by laws. At the next meeting there were present the following : Drs. Dan C. Stone, Atherton HaU, Erasmus D. Warner, J. A. AUen, Zacheus Bass, Wm. P. Russell, R. Gowdey, Marcus O. Porter, CuUen BuUard, James S. Ewing and N. H. Finney. The following officers were elected : J. A. Allen, president ; Dan C. Stone, E. D. Warner, vice-presidents; R. Gowdey, secretary; Ather ton Hall, treasurer. The record book is blank between 1836 aind 1842, showing that the society was dormant during that period. A meeting was held at Masonic Hall, in Middlebury, on the 17th or June, 1842, and another organization was effected. Drs. J. A. Allen, Zacheus Bass and E. H. Sprague were appointed a committee to prepare constitution and by-laws, and a committee to address the succeed ing meeting, consisting of Drs. D. Goodale, M. H. Ranney and Wm. P. Rus seU. Jonathan A. Allen was elected president; Dan C. Stone, vice-president; David C. Goodale, secretary. The following physicians subscribed to the by laws as adopted at different dates after the society was organized : Jonathan Adams Allen, Middlebury ; H. A. Smith, New Haven ; Dan C. Stone, Ver gennes ; D. C. Goodale, Addison ; A. Sprague, Vergennes ; A. Bradford, Ver gennes ; George E. Stone, Monkton ; Lucian P. Cheney, Addison ; E. H. Sprague, Middlebury ; M. H. Ranney, Salisbury ; P. Maxfield, Panton ; WiU iam P. RusseU, Middlebury ; Noble H. Finney, Monkton ; Joel Rice, Brid port ; Erasmus D. Warner, New Haven ; William C. Warner, Bristol ; L M. Kent, Lincoln; F. P. Wheeler, Starksboro; J. B. Murray, Moriah, N. Y.; S. Peari Lathrop, Middlebury ; O. G. Dyar, Sahsbury ; D. D. Page, Shoreham ; CuUen BuUard, New Haven ; Norman Towsley, Lincoln ; Washington MiUer, SaUsbury; Isaac Ives, Whiting; William P. Wright, Whiting; Daniel Hunt ington, Rochester; C. Linnaeus Allen, Middlebury; J. Adam AUen, jr, Mid dlebury ; Charies C. P. Clark, Middlebury ; WUliam M. Bass, Middlebury ; George S. Gale, Bridport ; Nathaniel Harris, Middlebury ; C, B. Maltbie, Bris tol ; Levi Hasseltine, New Haven ; Earle Cushman, OrweU ; Zacheus Bass, Middlebury ; Nathan Gale, Orwell ; Henry R. Jones, Bridport and Benson ; George F, Stone, Ferrisburgh ; Edward F. Smith, Middlebury ; J. N. Moore, Medical Society and Physicians. 165 Salisbury ; William S. Hopkins, Vergennes ; James S. Gale, Orwell ; G. W. Bromley, Huntington, Chittenden county ; F. H. Stevens, Bridport ; J. E. Weeks, SaUsbury; O. L Nimblet, Monkton; H. Meeker, Middlebury; J. H. Steele, Middlebury. We need not attempt to follow the proceedings of this society through its period of success ; it must suffice for us to note a few of the chief features. In February, 1 844, the following catalogue of fees was adopted : For every visit within one-half mile, not less than fifty cents ; over one-half mile and under two miles, $1.00 ; over two miles, $1.50 ; over four mUes and under six, $2.50 ; over six miles and under eight, $3.00; over eight miles and under ten, $5.00; this was supplemented by a list of fees for extraordinary cases. Some changes were occasionaUy made in the catalogue at later dates. In 1845 Dr. Dan C. Stone was elected president, and S. P. Lathrop secre tary and treasurer J. A. Allen, Joel Price and P. Maxfield, censors. The attendance at the various meetings was usually smaU, and a resolution was adopted in 1845 that each member who should thereafter faU in attendance should be written on the subject and the reason requested for his non- attendance. In 1846 Dr. J. A. Allen was again elected president, with W. P. Russell as secretary, and Dr. Bradford was appointed in place of Dr. Stone on a com mittee on the medical history of the county. In 1847 Dr. A. Bradford was elected president and C. L, Allen secretary. The following year Dr E. D. Warner was made president In 1 849 Drs. C. L. Allen, F. P. Wheeler and W. P. Russell were elected delegates to the National Medical Association held in Cincinnati in May, 1850. In this year Dr. Earle Cushman was elected president, Charles L. AUen continuing as secretary. In 1854 Drs. W. P. Rus sell, F, P, Wheeler and N. Gale were sent as delegates to the American Med ical Association in Philadelphia. In the following year the same association met in Detroit, and Drs. C. L. Allen, E. D. Warner and W. P. Russell were sent as delegates. The next change in officers recorded was made in 1856 when E, D. Warner was elected president ; W. P. Russell, vice-president ; C. L, Allen, secretary ; L. Hazeltine, librarian ; H. A. Smith, George S. Gale and Earle Cushman, censors. The last meeting of the society, as then organized, was held on the i6th of October, 1858. At this time, from various causes which need not be detailed here, the meetings were abandoned, and Addison county was without a medical society for about twenty years. On the i8th of July, 1875, a meeting of physicians was held pursuant to a call, at which Dr. Zacheus Bass acted as moderator, and B. F. Sutton as secre tary. A committee was appointed, consisting of Drs. Hopkins, Wheeler, Por ter, Woodbridge and Sutton, to prepare a constitution and by-laws, and the following officers were elected : Dr. Z. Bass, president ; Dr. F. P. Wheeler, vice-president ; Dr B. F. Sutton, secretary and treasurer Following are the 1 66 History of Addison County. names of the original members of this society : Drs. Z. Bass, Middlebury ; B. F. Sutton, Middlebury ; M. H. Eddy, Middlebury ; C. W. B. Kidder, Ver gennes ; E. H. Callender, Middlebury ; E. G. Blaisdell, Bridport ; W. H. Piatt, Shoreham ; Joseph Warner, Bridport ; W. M. Day, Middlebury ; E. P. Rus seU, Middlebury ; E. C. Porter, Cornwall ; J. P. Hinckley, Salisbury ; F. P. Wheeler, Bristol ; John Avery, Starksboro. In December, 1875, the following officers were elected : E. C. Porter, pres ident ; Joseph Warner, vice-president ; B. F. Sutton, secretary ; C. W. B. Kidder, treasurer ; William Piatt, William S. Hopkins, M. H. Eddy, censors ; E. P. Russell, librarian. In 1877 C. W. B. Kidder was elected president, and WiUiam H. Piatt, secretary. In 1879 Dr WiUiam H. Piatt was made presi dent, andM. H. Eddy secretary and treasurer At the present time Dr. M. H. Eddy fills the office of president of the society, and Dr B. F. Sutton, sec retary. Champlain Valley Hoinosopathic Medical Society. — This society was or ganized at Middlebury May 5, 1874. Beginning with seven members, it has increased until in 1885 it has a membership of twenty-three. The society admits physicians who are regular graduates of either school' in good standing, and practicing their profession in the valley of Champlain. The annual meet ings are held in Middlebury on the first Tuesday in May ; quarterly meetings at different towns as voted at each annual meeting. Following are the names of the officers of the society for 1885 : President, G. E. E. Sparhawk, M.D., of Burlington; secretary and treasurer,' M. D. Smith, M.D., Middlebury; censors, Drs. A. A. Arthur, Vergennes ; Charles Gale and F. W. Hamilton, Rutland. biographical sketches. Dr. Zacheus Bass. The name of Bass is coeval with New England. As early as 1630 we find in the records of Roxbury, Mass., the name of Samuel Bass. In 1640 this Samuel Bass removed from Roxbury to Braintree (now Quincy), Mass., where he became the first deacon of the church. He and his wife were born in the same year, 1600. His wife died in 1693, and he died in 1694, aged ninety-four years and leaving one hundred and sixt)'-two descend ants, the youngest having been born only eleven days before his death. Dea con Samuel Bass was said to have a vigorous mind and to have been a leading man in the community. Among his descendants was the Rt. Rev. Edward Bass, D.D., the first Episcopal bishop of Massachusetts. Dr. Zacheus Bass, the sixth generation from Deacon Samuel Bass, was born in Windham, Conn., on the 14th of February, 1791. His father, Captain Eleazer Bass, was a soldier in the War of the Revolution, a farmer in Wind ham, and had twelve children, of whom Zacheus was the youngest In 1 806, when only eighteen years old, young Bass came to Vermont to be with an Medical Society and Physicians. 167 older brother, Dr William Bass, who had some years before settled in Middle bury, where he had quite an extensive practice. Here he attended the Mid dlebury Academy, where he fitted for college. He entered Middlebury Col lege, but left before graduating. He studied medicine with his brother, and attended two courses of lectures in the medical department of Yale College when Professors Ives, Knight, and the elder Silliman were in their prime. Just before the close of the second course of lectures his father was taken very sick and he was obliged to leave for Windham. Afterwards he came to Middle bury, and on the 7th of June, 18 15, he was examined and licensed to practice by^the Addison County Medical Society, of which he then became a member. When Vermont was called upon to draft soldiers for the Plattsburgh campaign he volunteered to accompany the troops, and went to Burlington. He went on board Commodore MacDonough's ship, and assisted in taking care of the wounded on the island after the battle. On the 27th of May, 18 17, he married Miss Susan Dorrance. They had one son and one daughter. The son, a bright, active lad of five years, was in a neighboring yard, watching the trimming of shade trees, when a falling limb struck him on the head and killed him. In after years, even when the father had become an old man, if any allusion was made to the son, it would instantly bring tears into his eyes. Middlebury College granted him the degree of M.D. in 1829, during the time when the Vermont Academy of Medicine of Castleton was connected with the college. In 1871 Rush Medical College, of Chicago, conferred upon him the honorary degree of M.D., which is very rarely conferred upon any except the most distinguished practitioners in this country and Europe. At each re organization of the Addison County Medical Society he became a member, and at times was its president. He was a member of the Vermont Medical Society, and was also a member of the American Medical Association, and at tended several of its annual meetings. Dr. Bass never sought office, but such was the respect which his fellow townsmen had for him that he was very frequently moderator of the town meetings, and continuously for some years he was moderator of the village meetings. Very often he was one of the selectmen of the town. For many years he was overseer of the poor, and was almost always the town doctor. Dr. Bass was a man of quick and strong impulses, a firm and trusting friend, a cordial hater. He hated shams and deceit ; he hated pompous display, even of knowledge ; he hated quackery of all descriptions. He loved and honored his profession, and was always glad to help the younger members when he found them worthy. He was fond of hearing and especially fond of teUing a good story. He particularly enjoyed a good quiet game of " old sledge," and was delighted when he could catch his opponent's jack. He rarely opened a medical book, and never took any medical journal, but being blest with a good 1 68 History of Addison County, memory, quick perception and sound practical sense, he kept well abreast with the best practitioners by always having counsel in any new kind of a case, re membering well all the essential points, and the new remedies proposed. He adhered firmly to remedies which he had tried, but was always ready to use new ones upon sufficient grounds. He quickly apprehended the essential feat ures of a case and knew, almost intuitively, the nature of the disease and what would be the result. He never treated disease by name, in a routine manner, well knowing the difference between the essential and the differential diagnosis, — the essential diagnosis indicating the real condition of the patient and the ther apeutic agent to be employed ; the differential diagnosis only indicating the name of the disease. Patients with pneumonia, typhoid fever, or a broken leg even, might all need the same remedy, while different cases of the same disease might require opposite remedies. When called to the first case of diphtheria which occurred in Middlebury, he frankly said he had never before seen any thing of the kind, but at once seeing the essential diagnosis, gave an accurate prognosis and prescribed correctly. He was in no sense of the term a specialist ; his forte, however, was in obstetrics. In this he had a very large practice, and possessed the entire confidence of the community. He had patience to wait, but knew when to interfere. We often hear about " good luck " in such cases, but reaUy good luck consists entirely in skill, sound judgment and experience, in knowing when and how long to wait, and when and how to interfere. He was at all times assiduous, but never intrusive in his attentions to his patients. He never allowed personal pleasure or comfort to interfere with his regular visits, which rarely varied many minutes from the time appointed. He was always pleasant and cheerful, often jovial socially, and even children always remembered the peculiarly merry twinkle of his eye when he met them with some genial remark or agreeable joke. Very few students of Middlebury Col lege, who were there during the sixty years of the doctor's active practice, ever forgot his genial countenance or funny sayings. Kind and sympathetic in the sick-room, he always had an encouraging word for the desponding patient, and he never seemed more happy than when he could, by some queer allusion or funny remark, bring a smile upon the face of the patient who had been very sick. But he had a tell-tale countenance which would betray him whenever he gave up hope in any case. His years passed quietly by without much ex citement, only varied by an occasional visit to his old home in Windham, Conn., or by attendance upon the meetings of the American Medical Association. He was never wealthy, but acquired a competence, the main part of which, how ever, he lost in the Lake Dunmore Glass Company, and in the Middlebury Manufacturing Company.. On the 27th of May, 1867, on their golden wedding, Dr. and Mrs. Bass were "at home," and received calls. It was delightful to see that hale and hearty couple, on the fiftieth anniversary of their wedding day, apparently en- Medical Society and Physicians. 169 joying as much as when first united in marriage. Very many friends, from out of town as well as from in town, called to pay their respects. Mrs. Bass died April 2, 1876, after an illness of about two years. Her sickness had an influence upon his health and spirits, so that during the year preceding her death, he pretty much gave up his practice, and afterwards only rarely visited patients among his old friends. Dr. Bass was for many years a member of the Episcopal Church. Formerly he was an old-time Whig, of the Clay and Webster stamp, but in later years he became a Democrat. After he gave up practice he could be seen almost every day wending his way down-town for his daily New York paper, which he always read with interest as long as he lived. On the 15th of February, 1881, Dr Z, Bass calmly and quietly breathed his last, having been confined to the house only a few weeks and to his bed less than one week. His intellect was bright and clear to the last. Almost his last expressed wish was that he might live until his ninetieth birthday, which came on the day he was buried. Dr. Benjamin Bullard. The family of Bullard trace their history to John Bullard, one of three brothers, who came from England and settled at Water- town, Mass., in 1635. John Bullard was proprietor of and lived in the town of Dedham. About 1650 he became proprietor and removed to the town of Medfield. Dr, Benjamin Bullard, the fourth generation from John Bullard, married Miss Margaret Ward, in Athol, Mass., on the 26th of February, 1799. He settled first in New Salem, Mass., then he went to Herkimer, N. Y. In 1 803 he came to Weybridge, Vt In 1 807, in addition to the practice of medi cine, he went into the mercantile business in connection with Dr. Shaw, the firm being BuUard & Shaw. In 18 10 we find him Uving at Massena, N. Y. He was a surgeon in the army during the war of 18 12-15. After the war he returned to Vermont and settled in New Haven, within one-fourth of a mile of his former residence in Weybridge. He became a member of the Addison County Medical Society in December, 18 15, and continued a member as long as the original society had an existence. He had seven children, four sons and three daughters. He died December 31, 1827, aged fifty-five years. CuUen Bullard, M. D., was born in Weybridge, Vt, on the 4th of Decem ber, 1 806. He was the third child but oldest son of the preceding Dr. Benja min Bullard. He seems not to have inherited his father's restless, roving dis position, for with the exception of a few years that his father resided in Mas sena, N. Y., he always lived within eighty rods of his birth-place. While a small boy CuUen had a narrow escape from drowning, in Massena Springs, be ing taken out of the water by his oldest sister in an insensible condition. At Massena he began his education by attending school in a barn, the teacher giv ing the scholars recess while a load of hay was being put in. After his father's return to Vermont, CuUen attended the Middlebury Academy. Afterwards he 170 History of Addison County. taught school several terms. He studied medicine with his father, and also attended the summer school of medicine of Prof J. A. Allen, at Middlebury, during the session of 1826 and 1827. He attended one course of lectures at Castleton, in the Vermont Academy of Medicine, and two courses in the med ical department ofthe University of Vermont, at BurUngton, where in 1820 he received the degree of M. D. Immediately after graduating he located on the homestead, his father having died only the winter before. This was a farm at the western extremity of New Haven, a considerable distance from New Haven village, but not very far from the village in Weybridge. This farm was the continuous residence of the Drs. BuUard, father and son, for seventy-one years, and is still owned by one of his descendants. He married Miss Wealthy Au brey, daughter of Captain John F. Aubrey, of Burlington, Vt, on the 2d of September, 1829. She yet survives and resides on the old homestead. They had five children, one son, a very promising young man, who died of disease of the brain at the age of nineteen, and four daughters. Two of the daughters died of consumption at his house, in 1850. One other died ofthe same disease in 1864, leaving one living, the wife of Mr. M. E. Sprague, of Weybridge. In 1 83 1 the doctor's sister, who had been married to Mr. Israel Barber, was taken down with small-pox, from which she and two of her children died. There were sixteen cases in the Doctor's and the two nearest houses, and only the three cases mentioned proved fatal. There was very great excitement in all the towns around. Dr. Allen, of Middlebury, was caUed in council. The citi zens of Middlebury made a great ado, and threatened to send Dr. Allen to a pest-house should he return, in consequence of which he took up his abode with Dr. BuUard until the excitement was passed. Dr. Bullard was a man of sound judgment and good practical sense. He was devoted to his profession, excel lent in diagnosis,and eminently successful in treatment. He was attentive to his patients, always taking deep interest in them. He possessed in a marked degree that personal magnetism which drew his patients to him and made them feel that in him they had found a friend as weU as a physician. He practiced principally in the towns of New Haven, Waltham, Weybridge, and Addison, although his ride extended throughout Addison county and beyond. Living in the country, he was, of course, obliged to take the charge of every case that occurred, both in medicine and surgery ; yet it was in obstetrics that he exceUed. It is said that he attended about twelve hundred women in confine ment without having lost a mother. In 1875 it was suggested that some of the children at whose birth he had officiated should call upon him in a body. The suggestion flew like wild-fire and finally culminated in "the Doctor's pic nic," held on the i6th of June of that year. It was estimated that eight hun dred people were present on that occasion, from many States of the Union and from Canada, including the Doctor's " babies" of all ages up to forty-six years, their mothers, their fathers and their friends. The Vergennes cornet band dis- Medical Society and Physicians. 171 coursed fine music, addresses were made, toasts were given and responded to, and bountiful supplies, furnished by friends and neighbors, were feasted upon. It was decided by those present that this first gathering of the kind on record was also one of the happiest ever enjoyed. Full accounts of the picnic were pub lished in the newspapers at the time. At the reorganization of the Addison County Medical Society Dr BuUard became a member. For many years he was an active member. One paper, in particular, which he read in 1845, was received with attention and met with cordial approbation. It was on the fevers prevalent in this region, and characterized by sound sense and careful, practical observation. His remarks were always hstened to with deference by the society. He was also a member ofthe Vermont Medical Society. For many years he was a consistent member ofthe Methodist Episcopal Church. He. never sought or would accept any public office. He was a stanch, old-time Democrat all his days, and voted for every Democratic candidate for president, of his time, except one ; when Horace Greeley was nominated, it was too much ; he did not vote. His last vote was cast for Hancock. During the last two years of his life he was not well, suffering from an organic disease of the heart. He, however, continued to practice his profession to the last. He dropped dead, whUe walking about the house, on the 2d of January, 1883. Dr. Edward Tudor v/as born in East Windsor, Conn., January 16, 1771. His father was an eminent surgeon who had studied his profession in England, Edward was the eldest son and studied his profession with his father and after ward in Philadelphia under the immediate direction of Dr. Rush. He there attended two courses of lectures and received his degree. He practiced some years with his father in East Windsor and afterward established himself at Or- ford, N. H., where he was married. In 1804 he removed to Middlebury and continued a successful practice until age forced him to retire. He was a dili gent student and through life sustained the reputation of a learned physician. He was an active member of Addison County Medical Society. At the age of eighty-seven years, on the 3d of March, 1858, he shpped on a piece of ice, feU and broke his leg ; from this injury he never recovered, and died on the 8th of May following. Dr. William Bass, from Windham, Conn., pursued the study of medicine at Westfield, Mass., when there was no medical school in the country, but the honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred upon him by the corpo ration of Middlebury College in 1825. He settied in Middlebury as a physi cian in 1797, when a young man, where he remained until his death. Imme diately on his settlement here, he entered into an extensive and increasing practice, which was enlarged by the removal of Drs. Willard and Matthews to other spheres. He was not only a skillful and faithful physician, but by his social disposition and manners became popular and a favorite in many famUies in this and the neighboring towns. His practice was laborious and profitable, 172 History of Addison County. until near the close of his life the infirmities of age and disease forced him to retire from it He possessed sound judgment and practical common sense, and was popular as a man as well as a physician, and had an extensive influ ence in town, and was often appointed to places of trust. He was distinguished for his benevolence in all his relations, and for his liberality to all our literary, religious and benevolent institutions. He was also a prominent and influential member and deacon of the Congregational Church. His death occurred in March, 185 1, at the age of seventy-five. Dr. Oliver Barber Norton was born in Easton, Washington county, N. Y., December 19, 1799. His mother having died when he was three months old, he was adopted as a child by Rev. Edward Barber, of Greenwich, N. Y., father of Edward D. Barber, with whose family he Uved as a son until he left it to engage in business for himself To those most intimate he exhibited from his earliest boyhood proofs of no ordinary talents and force of character, and man ifested a great thirst for learning, and extended his researches into many branches beyond the routine of a common English education. At the age of twenty-three he selected for his profession the practice of medicine, and con tinued his professional studies for two years under Dr. Cornelius Holmes. In the fall of 1822 he attended a course of lectures at the medical institution at Cas tleton, Vt. The summer following he became a member of Dr. J. A. Allen's summer school in Middlebury. He attended a second course of lectures the next fall, and, during the winter, he attended the anatomical lectures of Dr Alden Marsh, in Albany. The following summer he again became a member of Dr. Allen's school, and " was chosen by the principal and students to give a course of lectures on botany." The fall of 1824 he attended his third course of lectures at Castleton, and was admitted to the degree of Doctor of Medicine, which was conferred upon him at the next commencement of Middlebury Col lege. He left the institution with a high reputation as a scholar in the various branches of his profession. The two foUowing years he assisted Dr. Allen in his practice, and in his school as a lecturer on botany, anatomy and physiol ogy ; and the year following was a partner of Dr. Allen, and afterwards, until his death, he continued his practice separately in Middlebury. In the faU of 1829 he was threatened with pulmonary consumption, but by the aid of a short journey to the South, he recovered his health so that he resumed his practice in the spring. During the fall of 1830 he was attacked with a disease which terminated in ulceration of the cartilage of his left knee joint, and ended his hfe on the 25th of April, 183 1, at the early age of thirty-one. Dr. Jonathan Adams Allen died at his residence in Middlebury on the 2d of February, 1848, at the age of sixty. At a meeting of the Addison County Medical Society in the same month his death was announced, appropriate and highly commendatory resolutions were adopted, and Dr S. Pearl Lathrop, of Middlebury, was appointed to prepare a biographical sketch of him, which Medical Society and Physicians. 173 was afterwards ordered to be published in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. This sketch we have before us. Our limits will allow us to use only a part of its materials, with such others as we possess. The subject of this sketch " was of poor but respectable parentage," His father was Amos Allen, son of Seth Allen, who was an immigrant to this country from Wales. His mother was daughter of Abel Smith, and granddaughter of Jonathan Adams, ofMedway, from whom he received his name. The mother of Jonathan Adams was kUled by the Indians, and he, after his head was dashed against a stone, was left as dead, but afterwards found alive, and became distinguished in various departments of public life. Through him Dr Allen's genealogy is traced to the origin of the family of John Adams and his son John Quincy Adams. Dr. Allen was born at HoUiston, Mass., on the 17th day of Novem ber, 1787, His father at an early day removed with his family to Newfane, Vt Here he labored with his father on the farm. During this period he had only the advantages of a common school education. But having a thirst for learning, he purchased books for himself by trapping and selling furs. By this means he was able to store his mind with much useful knowledge. On the 1 7th of November, 1808, his twenty-first birthday, he started with a bundle contain ing his wardrobe, to "seek his fortune." He engaged in the duties of a school teacher in the West Village of Townshend, in this State, and immediately made arrangements with the minister of the parish to be instructed in Latin. In this position he remained for several years, and afterwards gave his atten tion more directly to studies preparatory to the practice of medicine under the tuition of Dr. Paul Wheeler, of Wardsborough. He also attended the lectures at Dartmouth College, under Dr. Nathan Smith, and there he received his de gree of Doctor of Medicine August 24, 18 14. After a practice of two years at Wardsborough, in partnership with Dr. Wheeler, his instructor, he removed to Brattieboro in August, 18 16. In October, 1820, he was appointed to de liver lectures on chemistry in Middlebury College, which he continued untU 1826. He removed his famUy to Middlebury in the spring of 1822, and com menced practice here ; and at the same time he was appointed professor of materia medica and pharmacy in the Vermont Academy of Medicine, then in connection with Middlebury College. In this office he continued until 1829. He continued the practice of his profession in Middlebury until his death. His practice as a surgeon and physician was always extensive and increasing from year to year, and was not confined to the town or county in which he resided ; as in cases of surgery and difficult cases of disease, he was often caUed be yond the limits of the State. Notwithstanding his great labors in his practice, he was always persevering in his studies, and employed all his leisure hours in dUigent pursuit of knowledge. He not only became a learned physician, but directed his studies to other sciences, and especially to those branches of nat ural history more immediately connected with his profession. Among other 12 174 History of Addison County. specimens of natural history, he made a handsome collection of minerals, which were purchased by Middlebury College, and constitute an important part of their cabinet Several scientific articles which he wrote were published in Silliman's Journal of Science. He also published a still greater number of articles on various branches of medical science and the laws of nature, as ap plicable to the practice of medicine, in the medical journals. He was a prom inent member of the State Medical Society, and an active and much respected member and officer of Addison County Medical Society, up to the time of his death. Dr. Allen had many traits of character, besides his learning, which en deared him to his friends, professional associates, and especially to his patients. He was always amiable, unassuming and conscientious ; always prompt in his attentions to his patients, who were never neglected, whatever sacrifice it cost him. He wore himself out in their service. Even after he was enfeebled by disease he continued his labors, until they induced or aggravated diseases which prematurely terminated his life. His usefulness was not confined to his professional duties, but as a citizen he was prompt by his aid and influence in promoting every good object. Dr. Lathrop, in the sketch to which we have referred, says : " The crowning trait of character of Dr. Allen, and one which harmonized and rendered most valuable all his other qualities, was decided and stable Christian principle. He was a firm believer and supporter ofthe Chris tian religion, and for many years a member of the Congregational Church. He first became connected with the church in Brattleboro in 1818, then under the pastoral charge of Rev. Caleb Burge. Religion with him was not a matter of profession alone, but of principle. It exerted its benign influences on the affec tions of his heart, and exhibited itself, in its power and excellency, in the mould ing of his thoughts, and generating of his actions." Dr. John Willard was the first physician who settled in Middlebury. He came to this place about the year 1787. When he commenced practice the town was almost wholly a wilderness, and the roads which had been opened were nearly impassable, especially in muddy seasons. But he continued an extensive practice until he was called to the discharge of other duties. He resided first in a house built by Freeman Foot, on the south side of his farm, afterwards owned by Daniel Chipman. In 1791 he purchased of Judge Painter a small lot next north of the tavern lot sold to Simeon Dudley, and built a house just back of the present bank buUding. Here he lived untU 1797, when he sold it to Samuel Mattocks, and purchased of Stillman Foot the lot on which the late Judge Phelps resided. There was on it at the time a smaU house built by John Foot, and occupied by him as a dweUing house. Here Dr. WiUard resided until some years after he buUt the brick house on the Cornwall road, which constituted the late elegant homestead of Charles Linsley, esq. In 1801, under the administration of Mr Jefferson, he was appointed marshal of the dis trict of Vermont In this office he continued until 18 10. After this appoint- Medical Society and Physicians. 175 ment he rehnquished principally the practice of his profession. But in the mean time he became distinguished as a politician. He was for several years at the head of the organization of the Republican party as chairman of its cen tral committee. No man at the time probably had as much influence in con trolling the measures of the party as he. On the establishment of the Vermont State Bank in 1806 he was appointed one of the directors, and continued in that office until the branch at Middlebury was closed. In 1812 Dr WUlard was appointed and officiated as sheriff of the county. Dr Willard was born in 1759, at the town then known as East Guilford, now Madison, Conn. His father. Captain John WiUard, a ship master, died when he was a child and he was left in the care of his mother, and aided in carrying on her small farm. Not Uking the drudgery of a farmer's life, he went to sea. Toward the close of the Revolutionary War he was taken by the British on board an American privateer and confined in and subjected to the horrors of the Jersey prison- ship lying in Walabout Bay. After he was released and had regained the health and strength which he had lost in prison, he received the appointment of quartermaster in a Connecticut regiment of volunteers. At the close of the war he entered upon the study of medicine under the tuition of Dr Jonathan Todd, the principal physician in his native place. He had before had the lim ited advantages for education of only a few months each year, at a district school, in his chUdhood. But he was fond of study and made the most of the advantages he enjoyed. As an introduction to his medical studies he pursued, to a limited extent, classical studies with the pastor of the parish. After com pleting his medical studies he settied in the practice as before stated. In Au gust, 1 809, he was married to Miss Emma Hart, then principal of the Female Seminary here, and who has since become distinguished in that department After she opened her school at their residence he co-operated with her in build ing it up and sustaining it. Having greater encouragement from friends in the State of New Yerk, they removed their residence and school to Waterford in 1 819, and two years afterwards to Troy. Dr. WiUard's death took place May 25, 1825, at the age of sixty-six years. 1 Dr. Stephen Pearl Lathrop was graduated at Middlebury College in 1849. The year foUowing he spent in teaching, as preceptor of Black River Academy, at Ludlow, in this State. He afterwards pursued the study of medicine at Middlebury, and in the mean time attended the lectures at the Vermont Med ical CoUege at Woodstock, and received his diploma as Doctor of Medicine at that institution in 1843. He then established himself in the practice in this place, which he continued untU 1846. During this short period his practice was not extensive, but he industriously pursued scientific studies, and was re garded as a distinguished scholar in several departments of science, especially in natural history. In this period he was appointed by the late Professor 1 Ihis sketch of Dr. Willard and several others in this chapter are from Swift's History of Middlebury. 176 History of Addison County. Charles B. Adams, his assistant in the department ofchemistry and natural his tory and in the geological survey of the State. From 1 846 to 1 849 he offici ated under appointment as principal of the Female Seminary in Middlebury. In the latter year he was elected professor of chemistry and natural history in the college at Beloit, Wis., and removed to that place, and continued a teacher in that college untU the latter part ofthe year 1852, when he was elected a professor in the State University at Madison, Wis. In this office he continued until his death, which occurred on the 25th of October, 1854. Dr. Ralph Gowdey was the son of Mrs. Lucretia Gowdey, a widow, who resided in Middlebury for many years. He graduated at Middlebury CoUege in 1 8 19, and from that time until 1822 was employed as a teacher in the State of Georgia. The climate not being favorable to his health, he returned to Vermont and entered upon the study of medicine. In the year 1825 he re ceived the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the Castleton Medical College and immediately began practice in Rutland. In 1828 he removed to Middlebury, and from that time until his death on the 13th of June, 1840, he continued the practice with a growing reputation and the increasing confidence ofthe people. A written description of him says: "He was unassuming in his disposition and manners, but his talents and learning were of an order to give him a high rank in his profession, and were soon duly appreciated in the community." Dr. William P. Russell was born in Charlotte, Vt., and received his med ical education partiy with Dr Jonathan A. Allen and in part at the Berkshire Medical Institution, Pittsfield, from which he received his diploma in 1830. He began practice in Middlebury in 183 1, and continued until his death, which occurred June 4, 1873. During a portion of this long period he carried on a drug store. He was appointed postmaster in 1857, and held numerous other positions of trust He filled the office of surgeon in the Fifth Regiment Ver mont Volunteers, and for two years was on active duty in the field. In sur gery Dr Russell was one of the most eminent men in the county, and his suc cess in the practice of medicine was scarcely less marked. He was a man of unusual social popularity and all who became acquainted with him soon looked upon him as a friend. Joel Rice, M. D., was born in Bridport, April 15, 1792. He graduated at Middlebury CoUege in 18 19, in the class with Dr Gowdey, of Middlebury, and Beriah Green, president of Oneida Theological Institute In 1822 he gradu- ted at the Vermont Academy of Medicine, in Castieton, Vt He at once set tled in Bridport in the practice of his profession. He became a member ofthe Addison County Medical Society in December, 1822, and continued a member as long as he resided in the State. He was also a member of the Vermont Medical Society in 1843-44-45. He represented the town of Bridport in the Legislature, and in 1849-50-51 he was elected a member of the State Senate from Addison county. He fulfilled his duties in the Legislature with honor and Medical Society and Physicians. 177 credit to himself and his constituents. Dr Rice was deservedly popular in the community, for he was a conscientious man, a man of unswerving integrity, reliable in every position in which he was placed. He was an intelligent, care ful and safe practitioner, and had a good practice in Bridport and the towns surrounding. He possessed in a remarkable degree a religious sentiment, which pervaded and influenced every act of his life and endeared him very much to his patients. When he removed to Madison, Wis., where he died in i860, his loss was very acutely felt and regretted by the people of Bridport. Dr. Frederic Ford, sr., was one of the early settlers in Cornwall and occu pied a conspicuous place in the profession. He came to that town in 1784. In 1 795 he purchased of Dr CampbeU his store and goods, real estate and good wiU. The store was soon given up, as his medical practice extended. Of his subsequent career we find the foUowing in Mr. Matthews's history of the town : " Few medical men in this or adjoining towns have enjoyed a wider or more lucrative range of professional employment. He was often called as a consult ing physician to Leicester, Orwell and other remote towns. Dr Ford, early in his career, became distinguished in this region by the adoption of a hydro pathic system of medical practice peculiarly his own, at least as to the extent of its application. Cold water he used in subduing fever in almost every form. Among his papers are found minute descriptions of its successful em ployment in numerous and some extremely critical cases of scarlet fever, puerperal fever, bilious fever, typhoid fever and even mumps. The use of the doctor's favorite remedy was often so prompt and sometimes so abundant as to meet the opposition of his medical brethren, and to awaken the fears of his patients and their friends. He tells us, in his written reports of these cases, of wrapping some of his patients in wet sheets frequently renewed, or of pouring upon them pailful after pailful of water ; of immersing his patients in casks of cold water ; and even once of laying a child upon a snow bank, wrapped in a wet cloth and there applying the water. Dr. Ford was a man of social turn, and was very fond of society. Few men had more pleasant anecdotes to re late and none loved better to listen to their recital by others. His laugh — peculiar for its manner and its heartiness — cannot be forgotten by those who were favored with opportunities to witness his intercourse with his neighbors. As a citizen he took an active part in measures affecting the secular interests of the community. In the early part of his residence in CornwaU he often ac cepted town offices and discharged their duties to acceptance. He continued in the house he purchased of Dr Campbell until about the year 1 8 1 6, when, with his son, he built a spacious mansion now occupied by his grandson, Charles R. Ford. Dr. Ford had been accustomed for a considerable period to receive medical students into his family for instruction, and in erecting his house he intended to provide for their accommodation. His death occurred September 17, 1822, at the age of sixty- three. Dr. Ford was connected with 178 History of Addison County. the army in the Revolutionary War, and belonged to the detachment which, under General Wayne, ' Mad Anthony,' captured Stony Point by storm in July, 1779 — a fit soldier to follow a leader so dauntless and determined." "Frederick Ford, jr., M. D., was the only surviving son of the preceding, and the only chUd who survived infancy, of a family numbering, it is said, twenty- two, aU children ofthe same mother. He was born in 1787 before his father's removal from his first pitch. After leaving the common school he studied Latin to some extent under the instruction of Rev. Mr. Bushnell — pursued the study of medicine under his father's direction, and completed his professional education at the medical school in Hanover, N. H., and there re ceived his degree. Dr. Ford was married to Miss Sally Reeve in 1810, and commenced professional practice in connection with his father, and adopted his theory in regard to cold affusion in inflammatory diseases. During the con tinuance of his father's life Dr. Ford devoted himself exclusively to his pro fession, but after that period devoted his attention more to agricultural pur suits, preferring, in the enjoyment of a competency, to leave the management of his affairs very much in the hands of his son. He was fond of reading, especially the current intelligence of the day ; was an interested and active member of the ' Young Gentlemen's Society,' and was its librarian, I believe, from its establishment to his death. He died in April, 1858." One of the first physicians of prominence in the town of Salisbury was Henry S. Waterhouse, an adopted son of Eleazer Claghorn. He studied medicine with Dr. John Horton, of the same town, and finally settled in Ma lone, N. Y. He attained eminence as a surgeon, and in 1825 was called to the professorship of surgery in the University of Vermont at Burlington. His health becoming impaired, he resigned his position in 1827, and went with liis son to Florida. Both were drowned soon afterward while sailing off Key West. Darius Matthews was the first permanently settled physician in Salisbury. He was from Cheshire, Conn., and settled in Salisbury in 1788 or 1789. He is remembered as a successful practitioner ; but he remained in town but a few years when he removed to Middlebury. He was clerk of the Supreme Court in 1798, and made judge of probate in 1801, which office he administered until his death in 18 19. In 1809 he removed to Cornwall, which town he repre sented several years in the Legislature. Rufus Newton, son of Captain Joel Newton, began practicing medicine in Salisbury in 1 805, but removed to St. Lawrence county, N. Y. Late in his life he removed to Illinois, where he died in 1857. Moses H. Ranney, M. D., was born August 16, 18 14, in Stockbridge, Vt His early life was passed in school, and at fifteen he began studying medicine with Dr Daniel Huntington, of Rochester, Vt. Later he attended four courses of lectures and graduated from the Berkshire Medical College, Massachusetts, Medical Society and Physicians. 179 at the age of nineteen. He practiced eleven years in Salisbury, and in 1837 married the daughter of Aaron Burrows, one of the prominent citizens of the town. Dr Ranney secured an extensive and lucrative practice, but gave it up to obtain a still better knowledge of his profession in the hospitals of New York city. He was finally chosen as physician in chief of the New York City Luna tic Asylum. He died in New York. William Aaron Hitchcock was born at Great Barrington, Mass., January 13, 1805. After a good common school education he was placed in a cooper's shop to learn the trade, in which he labored for some years. Abandoning a pursuit so uncongenial to his tastes, he entered the Rensselaer Institute at Troy, N. Y., preparatory to the study of medicine, for which he entertained a strong predUection from his very childhood. After leaving Troy he pursued the study of medicine with Earle Cushman, M.D., of Orwell, Vt. ; attended lectures at Castleton Medical College, where he graduated with honor in 1829. In the spring of 1830 he settled in the town of Shoreham, and entered zealously into the practice of his profession, giving the whole of his valuable life and energies to the service of the people of that town and vicinity. Dr. Hitchcock had a clear brain, was quick and accurate in his diagnosis, prompt and energetic in his treatment. He was keen and discriminating in his observations ; diligent and appreciative in his reading ; keeping far in advance of most country prac titioners ; possessed of a remarkably retentive memory. His sound judgment, indomitable will and perseverance enabled him to work out a successful career in the profession of his choice. Few practitioners secure and retain in so large a degree the confidence and affection of a community, as did Dr. Hitchcock. Always healthy, he rarely decUned a sick call on account of fatigue, and often performed an amount of labor which would have hopelessly broken down a less robust system. In the last two or three years, however, he had several attacks of pericarditis, leaving him the victim of uncomfortable symptoms. A severe attack during the summer of 1867, complicated with pneumonia, made a more decided impression upon his constitution. From this he never entirely recovered, although stiU able to do considerable business through the autumn. Early in the winter, after fatigue and exposure in the prosecution of his pro fessional labors, there happened a recurrence of the pericardial trouble, attended by considerable effusion and consequent dyspnoea. Remedies failed to give relief He lingered on with progressive oedema of the lower extremities, and the usual accompaniments of this distressing disease, until his death on the morning ofthe 25 th of February, 1868, His private character was ever strongly marked by his early training and education. His habits were always most temperate. He never indulged in dissipation of any kind, and wholly eschewed tobacco and spirituous liquors. George S. Gale, M.D., was born in Cornwall, AprU 1 1, 1814. He was the youngest of nine children. His father. General Somers Gale, was among the i8o History of Addison County, first settlers of Cornwall, and commanded a battahon at the battle of Platts burgh. He received good academic education, and commenced the study of medicine with an older brother, Dr. Nathan Gale, in Orwell, in May, 1834. He attended lectures at the Castleton Medical College, and graduated at that institution in 1837. ^^ commenced the practice of medicine in Frankhn, Vt, but subsequently removed to Rouse's Point, N. Y. Later he settled in Brid port. In February, 1848, Dr Gale became a member ofthe Addison County Medical Society. After a rigid competitive examination he was commissioned, by the governor, surgeon ofthe First Regiment of Vermont Cavalry in 1861, and served through the war At times he was detached from his regiment to act as brigade surgeon and as division surgeon. For a considerable time dur ing the last part of the war he was detailed to the Cavalry Corps Hospital at City Point, where he was surgeon-in-chief In October, 1862, he had a very severe course of malarial fever which lasted several weeks. During the con valescence from the fever he had a leave of absence. Aside from this, with the exception of a few weeks in the summer of 1863, when he was suffering with rheumatism, he was on active duty, and the greater part of the time on duty of the most arduous kind, throughout the whole four years of the war. At the termination of the war he settled in the city of New York in the practice of his profession. He at once received the appointment of pension examining surgeon. After practicing six or eight years in the city of New York he removed to Brooklyn, N. Y., where he continued the active duties of his profession until he was stricken with paralysis. From this he never fully recovered, but lin gered along about three years. He died in Brooklyn, March 22, 1877. Dr. Gale was of about medium height, thick set, light complexion and hair, and blue eyes. He was genial and companionable in social life. In professional life he was very much respected and loved by his brother physicians, among whom he ranked above the average. He was the strongest kind of a Republican. Earle Cushman, M.D., of Orwell, received a diploma conferring upon him the degree of M. D. from the Addison County Medical Society, June 5, 1822, after having passed a satisfactory examination, and being approved by the board of censors. He became a member of the society in August, 1845, and was its president during several years. He read some valuable and interesting papers before the society, one of which in particular will be remembered as forming the basis of a long and instructive discussion. Dr. Cushman was a gentleman of culture and education. He was cautious, careful and diligent in his profession, always on the alert to learn anything which might be for the advancement of his science or art. He was ever ready to seize a new idea and develop it From first to last he was a diligent student, and the students who studied with him, along with the principles of medicine, did not fail to acquire a zeal and devotion to the profession. There have been other physicians in Addison county who should be in- The Press. i8i eluded in the foregoing sketches, but all efforts to obtain the required data have resulted in failure. The following list gives the names of all the physicians who have ever prac ticed in Middlebury and the periods of their practice : ^ John Willard, 1787 to 1801; Joseph Clark, 1793 to 1795; William Bass, 1797 to 1849; Edward Tudor, 1804 to 1856; Zacheus Bass, 1815 to 1881 ; Jonathan A. Allen, 1825 to 1848; Oliver B. Norton, 1826 to 1831; Ralph Gowdey, 1830 to 1840; William P. Russell, 1831 to 1871 ; John Marshall, 1836 to 1842 ; Gerry Ross, 1840 to 1855; D. C. Goodale, 1840; Edwin H. Sprague, 1841 to 1843; S. Peari Lathrop, 1844 to 1-849; Charles L Allen, 1847 to 1862; Joseph BU lings, 1847 to 1864; Charles C. P. Clarke, 1848 to 1850; John G. Wellington, 1848 to 1849; William M. Bass, 1848 to 1865; Norman D. Ross, 1850 and now; Hiram Meeker, 1854 to i860; J. M. Jennings, 1857 to 1858; Joseph N. Steele, i860 to 1863; Marcus O. Porter, 1861 to 1863 ; Smith T. Rowley, 1 86 1 to 1876; Homer Bostwick, 1866; Merritt H. Eddy, 1866 and now; Christopher B. Currier, 1866 to 1878; Edward P. Russell, 1867 and now; Edward O. Porter, 1867 to 1884; Oliver E. Ross, 1868 to 1870; Miss Emma ¦CaUender, 1873 to 1878; Benjamin F. Sutton, 1873 and now; William M. Day, 1874 to 1875; Edwards. Craft, 1874 to 1875; Frederick W. Halsey, 1876 to 1884; Edward O. Porter, 1878 and now; William H. Sheldon, 1880. Melvin D. Smith, 1883 and now. Two or three others practiced here a few months only. CHAPTER XII. THE PRESS OP ADDISON COUNTY." The Printing Business in Early Days — Remarkable Changes — The First Ne-wspaper in Middlebury — The Po-wer of the Press — List of Papers Pubhshed in the County — Biographic Memoranda — Papers of Vergennes and Bristol — Other Publications. " The -world's a printing house ; Our words, our thoughts. Our deeds, are characters of several sizes ; Each soul is a compositor Of whose faults the Levites are correctors ; Heaven revises : Death is the common press. From whence being driven. We're gathered sheet by sheet. And bound for Heaven." THE printing business, Uke aU other mechanical industries, was in its infancy in the early days of Vermont history, when, in 1801, the first newspaper was published in Middlebury. The implements used in that period to carry on 1 Compiled by Henry L. Sheldon. 2 Contributed to this work by Justus Cobb, of Middlebury, i82 History of Addison County. the practical part of the business was rude and clumsy ; the presses of the old style and worked entirely by hand ; this was the case throughout the country. The types when adjusted upon the press were inked by a man or boy who stood in the rear of the press beside a small table upon which a thin coating of ink was spread. The man held in each hand a large leather-covered ball to which was attached a handle, and with these would apply the ink to the types, after rolling the balls together and upon the inky table to properly distribute the ink. On the old hand-lever presses it was considered rapid work for two men to print two hundred and forty sheets an hour on one side only. Now, in the good year 1886, the printing presses of latest manufacture, printing both sides of the sheet almost simultaneously from a continuous web of paper, moistened before reaching the type forms, which are curved upon rapidly revolving cyhn- ders, turn out in an hour fifty thousand or more newspapers, cut and folded ready for dehvery. The enormous advancement in this art during the period under consideration, as summed up in the above statements, covering, as it does, thousands of patented improvements which have employed the best inventive minds of the country, is almost past human comprehension ; but it has been secured through the slow and gradual growth of the many years, Uke most other great improvements. To-day the power of the press is as that of society. It reaches to the throne; it is enclosed in the cottage. It pulls down injustice, however lofty ; it raises lowliness, however deep. It castigates crime, which the law can only punish without repressing. Wherever eye can see or hand can write, extends the power of the press. It penetrates every nook and corner of society, and carries heal ing and intelligence in its glowing beams. It nips rising abuses ; and it stops the tide of tyranny when at full flood. This vast power it derives from the very principles of its being. Seeking out truth and presenting reason, it con centrates upon one point the whole moral power of society and persuades and governs without violence. As the light of the sun, it " shines for all," and its effects are visible throughout society. Taking up in its order the press of Middlebury, we shall necessarily be obUged to rely largely upon the statements of Dr. Merrill and Judge Swift, who were prominent and active citizens in this town in its early days, and upon our antiquarian, Henry L. Sheldon. The first printing-office was established in Middlebury by Joseph D. Hunt ington and John Fitch, young men from Windham, Conn., in 1801. They began here the publication of the Mercury, the first newspaper, on the 1 6th day of December of that year. Their business was commenced in a buUding situ ated where the Dyer block now stands at the south end of the bridge ; tiie office was afterward, in February, 1804, removed to the building erected by Jabez Rogers for a dwelling house, which was removed to make way for the railroad track. In 1806 the partnership was dissolved and the business con- The Press. 183 tinned by Huntington, by whom the Mercury was published until 18 10. To this estabhshment was soon added the business of book-binding, and they also kept for sale at their office a few books such as were needed in the country, particulariy school books, blank books and almanacs. In the faU of 1802 Huntington & Fitch published the first Vermont Register and the publication was continued by them and by Huntington until 1810. They also published numerous pamphlets and a few other books, as seen in a subsequent list, among them being the Law Magazine, by John Simmons, esq., in 1804, the first book of forms published in the State ; and Discourses on Religious Subjects, by the late Rev. Job Swift, D. D., in 1805. Since the year 18 12 weekly newspapers have been pubUshed in Middlebury without interruption, and frequently two and at times three. Other publications have also been issued, but for various causes have ceased to exist after brief periods. The foUowing list gives a correct history of aU the newspapers, to gether with all the numerous changes of proprietorship, down to the present time : Middlebury Mercury. — Published by Huntington & Fitch ; commenced December 16, 1801 ; discontinued June 27, 18 10. Vermont Mirror. — Published by S. Swift and sold to T. C. Strong ; was commenced September 30, 1812 ; discontinued September n, 18 16. Columbian Patriot. — Published by N. H. Wright ; commenced September I, 1813; was sold to William Slade, who sold it to Copeland & Allen, who changed the name of the paper to National Standard ; discontinued March 31, i83i. Christian Herald. — Published by T. C. Strong ; commenced September 25, 1816 ; sold to F: Burnap, and discontinued November 23, 18 19, after chang ing its name to Christian Messenger. Religious Reporter. — Published by Copeland & AUen ; commenced April 3, 1820, and discontinued September 30, 1820. Vermont American. — Published by Ovid Miner; commenced April 16, 1828; discontinued September i, 1835, after being published by Ozias Sey mour under title oi American and Gazette to the above date. Anti-Masonic Republican. — Published and edited by E. D. Barber; com menced October 28, 1829, and continued under that name untU 183 1, when E. R. Jewett changed the name to Middlebury Free Press ; discontinued October 2, 1837. Northern Argus. — Published by C. C. Waller and afterward by E. H. Washburne, H. & E. W. Drury, Goodale & Cobb, Barber & Russell, J. M. Stearns; was commenced October 2, 1831, and discontinued in 1842. The People's Press has been published ever since November 15, 183 1, by different proprietors, as follows : J. P. Wheeler and E. Maxham and Harvey Bell, who began on the nth of May, 1841, and continued in hjs name until April, 1 84 History of Addison County. 1849, some months before his death. The name was changed in November, 1843, to the Northern Galaxy, and in January, 1848, to Middlebury Galaxy. Justus Cobb and Joseph Barrett had contracted for the purchase of the estab lishment previous to Mr. Bell's death (April, 1849), and began the pubUcation in their names at the close of the year. They continued the publication untU Mr Barrett withdrew from it in April, 1856. During the time that Barrett & Cobb published the paper the name was changed to the Middlebury Register, which has been continued by various publishers up to the present date, 1885. In the year 1857 the paper was published by Cobb & Fuller, and after ward by J. Cobb and Rufus Mead. Mr Cobb, having been appointed post- • master, sold his interest in the paper to Mr. Fuller, and the paper was contin ued under the firm of Mead & Fuller. In 1 865 Lyman E. Knapp bought Mr. Mead's interest in the paper, and it was conducted by them until a company was formed under the name of " The Register Printing Company," Lyman E. Knapp, Justus Cobb, and William J. Fuller, proprietors. The paper was continued until, Messrs. Cobb and -Fuller retiring from the firm, Mr Knapp sold the paper (in 1879) to R. M. Bailey, who continued to publish it untU January, 1883. At that time a new company was formed, consisting of Ly man E. Knapp, John W. Stewart, Joseph BatteU and E, H. Thorpe, who pur chased the Register office, and the office of the Addison County Journal, of Messrs. Cobb & Fuller, and the name was called the Middlebury Register and Addison County Journal. Subsequently Lyman E. Knapp and J. W. Stewart retired, and the business has been, and still is, continued in the hands of Messrs. Thorpe & Battell, who, on the ist day of January, 1886, added new presses and new type, making it one of the best papers in the State. Vermont Farmer and Silk Grower, published by E. Maxham, semi-monthly, was commenced October, 1839, and discontinued October, 1840. The Advisor, published by the General Convention of Vermont, monthly ; commenced January, 1809, and discontinued December, 181 5. The Repertory, published by an association, occasionally ; commenced April, 1812, discontinued May, 1817. Episcopal Register, published by Rev. B. B. Smith, monthly ; started in January, 1826, and discontinued December, 1829. Vermont Stock Journal, published and edited by D. C. Linsley, monthly ; commenced January, 1857, and afterwards moved to New York. Democratic Ploughman, published by John M. Stearns, 1842. The Topaz, published by Phillip Battell; commenced 1842. Vermont Observer, edited by Rev. B. Brierly in 1842 and 1843, and finally removed to Ludlow. The Addison County Journal, commenced in 1876 by "The Journal Printing Company" (Justus Cobb, William J. Fuller and F. E, Smith), J, Cobb, editor ; was sold to the Register Company January, 1883, The Press, 185 The foregoing history of the newspapers published in Middlebury, their time of establishment, and time of discontinuance is given as far as possible. In the following sketches we give brief notes of the lives and characters and the public positions held by some of the editors. The first we will mention in order will be Samuel Swift, who when a young man acted as Governor Chit tenden's secretary, and edited the Vermont Mirror, which was started in 1 8 1 2, and was ably conducted by him, and continued until 18 16. He was appointed county clerk for Addison county in 18 14, and continued to hold that office for thirty-two years. He was highly respected by his fellow men, and died at his long-cherished home in Middlebury. WiUiam Slade established and edited the Columbian Patriot, 18 13. He was a prolific and ready writer, and fluent and ready speaker. He graduated from Middlebury College in 1 807 ; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1 8 10. Early in 18 14 he gave up the successful profession of law and de voted his whole time to the editorial business of the paper. The business not proving a success, after two or three years he retired from the establishment. He was still popular with his party, and was elected secretary of State from 1815 to 1822 ; assistant judge of the County Court from 18 16 to 1821 ; clerk of the Supreme Court for the county from 1819 to 1823. The home office not furnishing adequate pecuniary support, he accepted an appointment as clerk in the state department at Washington in 1824. At the close of Mr. Mon roe's administration Mr. Slade attached himself to the support of John Quincy Adams, in opposition to General Jackson, as most Vermont people did. When General Jackson came into power, in 1829, and Mr. Van Buren had charge of the state department, Mr. Slade was removed, returned to Vermont, and re sumed the practice of law. In 1830 he was appointed State's attorney, and on the first vacancy, in 183 1, he was elected representative to Congress, where he continued until 1843. In the following year he was appointed as reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court, and continued two years. In 1 844 he was elected governor of Vermont, and continued in office two years. After that time he was employed as corresponding secretary and general agent of the Board of Popular Education, in which position he continued to the close of Ufe. His death occurred on Sunday night, January 16, 1869, in his seventy- third year. Edward D. Barber was graduated at Middlebury CoUege in 1829. He in terested himself in political matters before he left college. After graduating he immediately became editor ofthe Anti- Masonic Republican, and continued to be its editor until 1832. From 1832 to 1837, in connection with E. R Jewett, he had charge of the Middlebury Free Press. While in charge of these papers he continued the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in June, 1834. In 183 1 he was appointed secretary ofthe Governor and CouncU; in 1832 and 1833 he represented the town in the House of Representatives, and was clerk 1 86 History of Addison County. ofthe House in 1834. He was an energetic, public-spirited man, and was al ways an ardent advocate of every measure of reform which was calculated to remedy the evils of society. He died on the 23d day of August, 1855, at the age of forty-nine years. Elam R. Jewett, who was connected with Mr Barber in the publication of the Free Press, now resides in Buffalo, N. Y., where, after leaving Middldbury, in 1837, hs located and entered into the pubhcation ofthe Buffalo Daily Cou rier. Mr. Jewett's tact and energy soon brought his paper and business to be one of the most popular and best-paying establishments in the city. Although Mr. Jewett wielded a large influence in the Republican party in his State,, he never sought nor accepted any nomination in the gift of his party, although often urged to do so, always preferring the elevation of his friends to his own promotion. For over forty years Mr. Jewett has never failed to attend the annual commencement of the Middlebury College, although he was not a graduate of that institution. He, like Benjamin Franklin and Horace Greeley, glories in being called a printer. Mr. Jewett has traveled extensively in Europe and in the United States, and resides upon his farm, which lies within the city limits, enjoying the luxury of ease in his declining years. Mr. Jewett is a man of extensive reading, excellent judgment, liberal with his means, and his mem ory will always be pleasurable by all who know him. E. W. Drury, editor ofthe Vermont Argus, studied law while editing his paper, was admitted to the bar in 1836. In December following he was ap pointed postmaster, and continued in office six years. He finally obeyed Hor ace Greeley's advice and went West, locating in Fond du Lac, Wis., and practiced his profession as a lawyer with success. John Milton Stearns, who edited and published the Democratic Ploughman, not finding it sufficiently remunerating, discontinued the paper and removed to New York in 1842, and located in Williamsburgh, where he studied law, and after three years was admitted to the bar and immediately entered upon a successful practice in his profession. By his energy and integrity he soon ob tained among his fellow citizens the valuable name of " Stearns, the honest lawyer" This name, although with some considered of smaU importance, was valued and maintained by Mr. Stearns, who considered that " a good name is better than great riches." Mr. Stearns, by his untiring industry and perse verance in his profession, has amassed a large real estate fortune in the city of his home. His pecuniary means have enabled him in his later years to enjoy the pleasure of extensive travel in Europe and the United States, he having visited every State and Territory but two in the Union. He now, in his de clining years, employs his natural activity in settling many and large estates of his distinguished deceased feUow citizens, and enjoying the ample means of a " weU-spent life." H. H. Houghton, who established and was editor of the Vermont American v^ } ,^' ^ f ^ S r li ^ ,^ r s A r a " ' — >-* \ Jj - :, g \. I R — 7*^ ^>. — -~ . / 5 r> «* K % I - 1 :k ii ^ ^\l H 3 \ ' " '""'>*t. Tr^**~*-~~~-.~»L._,\ ¦' 1 o ====A^_^ ¦0 f 1 ^ \ t \ s J i — -—- -_^ V ly K ^ / ///^ ' a —/ ? / 1 ?/ 1 ,/ ^^ ^ ,-. 0\ 1 ^/ / /? jL_[_i IJr^ ' A 1 ^~~~ r*^^^^3^~~----~_ / ^•'' -*~»^^=-. ^ / 4 J T\^- / n 2^ jTW i ./__--?'***^'^ / I J >" °*°//^°°^^^=i V ^ L=*=f==*'f°^^ f/ ^ ^=5^*:^-^ fSH>^ = ^ / — It"" ^ \ JT ^ >= te / ¦T'*'*>w. /l~~"'~>il N Uj \y^ / / 3^ « l\ / ^^"^"^-^ " J^ ^^sH^ ** d n 9 / ¥ < dJ- ^ T^ / -t = 3 I / A > p / =* J^ ^l*slf=?' "^ ^ fee H / f 2 i •" N ». b| N^- =*==£=? ^^^^^li^^i, ' / ' J^ > -4 5 ' ^« z II " 5^ i^ T^°Tr°°=f=fe^ 1 S 1 «' _^-l 1 " 1 V 1 / ? 1 ^v ll 1/ "* ^ ^~f— ,_. 1 1 r V 1 /( i 5 1 Tr" "-^ 5 «• T 1-/ 1 2 2 S 1 ' - ~ S:ff ^1 , - T*"**= - w ll " S 3 ^ « .fY ^T^ \ mM 1 1 1 5- r _s ^ 1 If — r — ^^ 1 " ^. ' T — '•~~~-,^ I 1 /I ^ t ' — -— , * T — t /// ^ 1 s- 1 1 ll ^ ?? ^ ¦ -— / ^\ h~r f [ti n~-~-—^ ll jLLV / f ' a 1 A\- — — .^___/ - ' ^'"~ — -— -i — ' — 11 \ " — — ---— -Z?/ ^~~~^~— i " VVVVVV A 1 Town of Middlebury. 267 as their circumstances permitted for rehgious worship. Early in 1790 a com mittee was appointed to procure preaching for this town, and it has already been stated that a church was organized in that year It was also voted at the same meeting " to have one burying place as near the center of the town 1 as land wiU admit" Another vote changed this plan as follows: "Voted that there be one Burying Place at the North End and one at the South End of the town." We have already alluded to the settiement of Rev. John Barnet In June, 1790, it was "Voted to give the Rev'd Mr Barnet fifty Pounds L. money pr year as a salary to commence at his settlement" In the same month John Chipman, Daniel Foot, Capt Stephen Goodrich, GamaUel Painter and Joshua Hide (Hyde) were made a committee to fix on a place and draw a plan for a meeting-house and report In December, 1790, a committee divided the town into school districts, setting off the district in the south part, caUed " the south district " ; one in the northeast part called " the northeast district " ; one in or near the cen ter caUed " the middle district," This was the first division of the town into school districts, and the subsequent changes will be traced in our account of schools. The question of where to locate the meeting-house, involved as it was in the discussion of what particular site should be fixed upon as the " center of the town," 2. e., the village, was a source of much anxiety. September 7, 1 790, " Voted Samuel MiUer, esq. and Joshua Hyde be a committee to draw a conveyance between PhUip Foot and Appleton Foot and the town of Middlebury, to convey land for said town for a common." The above vote was passed, as it will be seen, in anticipation of the report of the committee " to fix the place to set the meeting-house," which was made afterwards. A meeting was warned at the request of eight citizens, December 22, 1791, " To see whether the town will fix upon the centre or place for a meeting house, whenever they shall agree to build one, and see whether they-will agree that a house large enough to contain the people, for several years, may be built there by individuals, without expense to the town at large, to attend public worship in, until a more proper meeting-house can be built. And the design is to give satisfaction to Mr Barnett, who is uneasy in his present situation. His house, as he observes, is neither decent nor comfortable. He would pre pare to build next summer, was he certain that his land would be near the 1 It -was the custom in many of the charters of towns in Vermont to provide for the laying out of a tract in about the center ofthe town, into one-acre lots, one of which -went -with each proprietor's right. This custom sometimes led to strange results, and such -was the case in Middlebury. The tract thus set apart proved almost worthless for settlement and a house has never been built on it, 'When, a little later the marshy and worthless character of this land became known, a considerable strife arose be tween Judge Painter on the one hand, and Daniel Foot on the other, for the location of the village site near their respective homes ; Judge Painter triumphed, as hereafter described. 268 History of Addison County. centre." This meeting was adjourned to the 29th ofthe same month, when a majority of the committee appointed for that purpose, Daniel Foot, Stephen Goodrich and Joshua Hyde, made their report as follows : " We the subscribers, being appointed a committee to pitch on a proper place to build a meeting-house, and fix on a green, make the following report, viz., that it is our opinion that it be on the west side of the north and south road, in the corner of Philip Foot and Appleton Foot's land, — ^provided they, the said Philip and Appleton, throw out a green twenty-four rods square, in cluding the roads, and also four rods wide on the west side of the north and south road, from said green north, to where it intersects the road that leads to the falls." Whereupon it was " Voted to accept the above report, provided the said Foots lease the above described land to the town for the use of a green, as long as they shall want it for that purpose ; and also voted that there may be a house buUt on said green, large enough to meet in for public worship on Sundays, for several years, by individuals, without expense to the town at large." March 1792. " Voted to lay a tax of two pence half penny on the pound, on the list of 1 79 1 , — said tax to be collected by the first day of January, 1 793, in wheat at 4s 6d per bushel ; fifteen pounds of said tax, when coUected, to be appropriated to the use of making a road across the mountain beyond Seeley's ; ^ and any person, that chooses to work out their tax on said road, may have the privilege, on condition that they do said work before the 15 th day of June next, by the directions and to the acceptance of the selectmen, and a certificate of said selectmen of any person doing work on said road as aforesaid, shall an swer on said tax." " Voted, that Mr. Daniel Foot build a house, suitable for the inhabitants of Middlebury to meet in on Sundays and to do public business on other days, after said house is completed suitable for to meet in as above described, then said town is to pay said Foot yearly the lawful interest of the sum that said house is worth in cash, providing the value do not exceed the sum of one hun dred and twenty pounds ; said interest to be paid said Foot yearly, as long as said town makes use of said house, for the purposes above mentioned." September 3, 1792. " Voted to raise a tax of three pence on a pound, on the hst ofthe year, 1793, to be paid into the treasury ofthe town, by the first day of December next, in wheat at 4s per bushel, for the purpose of covering the bridge at the falls with oak plank, for procuring weights and measures for said town, and other incidental charges, " Voted Capt. Stephen Goodrich and GamaUel Painter, esq,, be a commit tee to superintend the covering the bridge at the falls," The bridge, built by Daniel Foot in 1787, was covered with poles from a neighboring forest, which had probably much decayed, and the oak plank were designed to supply their places. 1 Justice Seeley, Town of Middlebury. 269 At a meeting at the house of John Foot, on the 9th day of December, 1794, notified on the apphcation of twelve free holders, "2, To see if the inhabitants of said town will reconsider the former vote of building a meeting-house where the stake was pitched. 3, to agree upon a place to build a meeting-house. 4, if no place can be agreed on, to choose a committee to fix on a place to build said house. 5, to see if the inhabitants will agree to lay a tax for the purpose of building said house. 6, to agree on a place or places for holding meetings this winter;" the following is the record of the proceedings : " The 2d article with regard to re-considering the former vote of building a meeting-house, at the place where the stake was pitched, was tried and passed in the negative and of course the 3d and 4th articles fell. The fifth article was then taken up and passed in the negative." " Voted to meet at Samuel Mattocks', until such time as the selectmen shall notify the town, that Mr. Daniel Foot's house is convenient, and then at such place as they shall direct for public worship on Sundays." " Previous to the meeting held in December 1791," says Judge Swift, "the town and religious meetings had been uniformly held at Daniel Foot's. He had built a large barn, just south of the place where his large house was after wards built, for the express purpose of accommodating the meetings ; and in this building Mr Barnett had been ordained. During this time Mr Foot had declined further to accommodate the meeting. For two or three years the town meetings had been, for some reason, held at PhiUp Foot's and Appleton Foot's, in the same neighborhood, and the religious meetings in the summer of 1793 were held in Deacon Sumner's barn. During this time much excitement had arisen in relation to the place for the centre of town business. The people in the neighborhood of Mr Foot, and in the south part of the town, were anx ious to have the question settled by fixing the place for erecting a meeting house ; whUe the people of the vUlage, and the inhabitants north of it ' played off,' to use a famihar expression. " The village had the advantage of an excellent water power, with mills on both sides. Mechanics and merchants had begun to crowd into it ; the only lawyer and the only physicians in town had located themselves there ; the Legislature at their session in 1791 had directed the courts ofthe county to be held there, and the population and business of the place were fast increasing. The inhabitants of the village therefore looked forward with confidence to the time when they would have such a decided majority of the votes as to control the decision of the question, and were not in a hurry to ^have it then settied. This will be readily perceived by the proceedings we have copied above. They were wiUing to take a lease of land ' for the use of a green, long as they shall shall want it for that purpose.' They would pay the ' interest of the sum that' the meeting-house to be built at the expense of Daniel Foot 'is worth in cash,' 18 270 History of Addison County. ' as long as said town makes use of said house.' And when it was voted to hold meetings at Mattocks's, in the viUage, with an apparent intention to re turn, it was on such conditions as to render that event hopeless. On the other hand, it is said Mr. Foot, being dissatisfied with the delay in settling the ques tion, declined further to accommodate the meetings, for the purpose of pressing the town to a decision. Mr. Barnett also, having purchased a lot directly op posite the place where the meeting-house was expected to be built, began to be uneasy. But the decision was virtually made. The religious meetings were never afterwards held out of the vUlage. The town meetings were, for a time, held at Philip Foot's and Appleton Foot's. But at the annual meeting in 1796 the question was finally settled, and the meetings ordered to be held in the village ' in future.' " A list of freemen in the records for the year 1803 shows two hundred and four names. Settlements on the Site of the Village. — ^The incoming of Abisha Washburn has been briefly noted. In 1774 or 1775 he attempted to secure the water- power on the east side of the falls by building a saw-mill according to the vote of the proprietors ; and although he failed to finish his mill within the " fifteen months," it seems to have been conceded that the construction of the mUl car ried with it the water privilege and land contiguous. He did not bring in his family, but spent one summer at work on the mill ; whether it was operated at all is unknown. He returned to Salisbury in the fall, and the oncoming Revo lutionary War stopped further work at that time. Mr. Washburn was engaged by the Massachusetts authorities to prosecute the casting of cannon at Salisbury, and he did not return to Middlebury until the close of the war ; in the mean time his mill, or whatever there was of it, was destroyed by Indians. In the spring of 1784 he returned and, with some aid from Colonel Chipman and Judge Painter, a mill was built and put in operation in 1785 ; this miU was swept away by the succeeding spring freshet It was subsequently arranged between Washburn and Judge Painter that the latter should have the privileges of Wash burn on the mill lot, and he accordingly pitched fifty acres, including the mill lot, and another fifty acres for Washburn south and east of his own; this latter Judge Painter soon purchased. These pitches embraced the whole of the village site east of the creek and south of Hyde's pitch, afterward occupied by Freeman Foot. Mr. Painter soon afterward proceeded to erect mills, and in 1787 had in operation a saw-mill and the next year a grist-mill. The former was built on the rock at the head of the falls and the latter partiy below it In the mean time, in 1783, John Hobson Johnson (or " Hop " Johnson, as he was commonly known) built a cabin at the head of the rapids on the west side of the creek, then in Cornwall, a little below the site of the railroad bridge abutment ; here he maintained a ferry and supplied refreshment to travelers ; about 1789 he left for parts unknown, his wife and children remaining in pos session of his house and ferry. Town of Middlebury. 271 After Daniel Foot discovered the defect in his title under the Weybridge charter, he purchased the right of pitching under the Cornwall charter and laid out one hundred acres, which included the whole of the faUs on the Cornwall side and extended some forty rods south of them to " the old Weybridge cor ner." In the same year (1784) he erected a large building for a saw and a grist mill ; the first was put in operation in July, and the other in November, 1785. A few weeks earlier than this Colonel Sawyer had started his grist-mill in Salisbury, before which the Middlebury people had to take their grain up the creek to Pittsford. Mr. Foot soon gave up his mills to StUlman and John Foot, his sons, and in 1789 deeded them his mill lot and buildings. In 1786 StiU man Foot erected a dwelling house, and a few other small buildings were soon erected; Stillman Foot's house, the oldest in the village, was burned in 1875, and the site remains vacant. About the year 1791 John Foot sold his share ofthe Cornwall property to his brother Appleton, and in July, 1794, StUlman and Appleton divided their property in Cornwall and arranged the use of the water, which had previously been used in common ; Stillman took the upper part of the falls extending to the bridge, and Appleton the privilege below and the land north of the road leading west across the college grounds ; Stillman's land extended up the creek south to Colonel Storrs's land. Appleton Foot about this time built a house on the site of the large brick house now owned by Henry L. Sheldon and Carlton Moore. Stillman Foot had a grist-mill about where the woolen factory was built and a saw-mill farther up the stream. Appleton built a stone grist-mill and a saw-mill just below StiUman's mills, which were burned in 1826. Other dweUings sprang up on the west side of the creek ; James Bentiey, sr, buUt a small house in which he lived after the war ; what was known as " the Judd house " was built by StiUman Foot for his workmen, just back of the present bakery ; and what was known as " the red house " was built in the present gar den of the Phelps place ; Simeon Dudley, who was employed in the building of Foot's mills in 1785, had a shanty on the site of the Phelps house, in which he spent two years without chimney or ceUar Colonel Seth Storrs, who had been in law practice at Addison, came to Mid dlebury in 1 794 ; he purchased among other extensive tracts the farm on which he lived until his death ; this embraced the land where the college stands, a large part of the graded school grounds, and extended south to the Judge Phelps farm. He hved first in the gambrel-roofed house buUt by John Foot on the site of the present brick house now owned by George C. Chapman ; on the same site he built the handsome framed house which was burned in 183 1. Colonel Storrs was a leading citizen outside of his profession and will be further aUuded to in another place. In 1787 Simeon Dudley was employed in the erection of Pudge Painter's mills and put up a shanty similar to that occupied by him on the west side. 272 History of Addison County. near the Addison House grounds ; this was burned before it was finished. He then put up a more commodious house, which was purchased by Judge Painter, remodeled and prepared for his own residence. It was on ground which is now a part of the yard in front of Gardner Wainwright's house. Judge Painter lived here until his new house was buUt in i8o2. The latter has been recently remodeled by Gardner Wainwright and is one of the finest private residences in the town. Relative to the surroundings of the vUlage site at this early period we may quote from Judge Swift as follows : "At that time the whole region was covered with a thick and gloomy forest of hemlock and pine, except small spaces about the miUs and small tenements, which had been erected. At the first Christmas after his settlement Judge Painter invited the settlers to a Christmas dinner. Col. Sumner, who had just settled on his farm two miles north. Freeman Foot, who had built a house just north of the village, Stephen Goodrich and his sons on the Bass farm, the Foots and their workmen on the west side of the creek, and his own workmen, were the only near neighbors. But his invitations were probably extended further. Whatever the numbers may have been, the company, as is common in all new countries, probably had a merry time. Samuel Bartholomew, who resided in Cornwall, was a man of some eccentricities, and given to rhyming, on extraor dinary occasions. He had early planted an orchard of sweet apples, which be came a common resort for the young folks to buy and eat apples, and he was called the 'Apple man.' Among his eccentricities, he never wore shoes in the summer, except when he went to church, as he sometimes did in this village. On such occasions he carried his shoes in his hand until he arrived among the inhabitants, and then put them on and walked to the place of meeting. These incidents relate to a later period of his life. This entertainment being a proper subject for his muse, he composed the following doggerel verses on the occa sion : " ' This place, called Middlebury Falls Is like a city without walls. Surrounded 'tis by hemlock trees ¦Which shut out all its enemies. The powwow now on Christmas day, ¦Which much resembled Indian play, I think will never be forgotten Till all the hemlock trees are rotten.' " As soon as Judge Painter was settled here he adopted a judicious and lib>- eral course for the furtherance of his aims to make it the site of the future vUlage. His lands he offered on liberal terms to actual settlers and was untiring in his efforts to promote aU of the interests of the place. His first deed of one acre was given to Simeon Dudley, which included the site of the Addison House; this was under date of September lo, 1788. No building was erected here, however, until 1794, when Samuel Mattocks built his tavern. In January, 1789, Town of Middlebury, 273 Judge Painter deeded to Benjamin Gorton a small piece of land adjoining the bridge, about where Mr Alden's store is now located, Gorton was uncle to Jabez Rogers and became largely interested with him in real estate operations. On the lot mentioned Rogers soon put up a buUding and opened what was probably the first store in the county ; the mercantUe interests which succeeded on this site, as well as in all of the other parts of the vUlage, wiU be described a Uttle farther on. On the point of rock which extended farther into the creek at this place, Rogers built a separate structure, which was occupied for several years by Sam uel Sargeant as a silversmith shop. This was removed at the time of the re moval of obstructions for the free passage of water over the falls.^ In September, 1789, Painter deeded to Samuel MUler a half acre lot, on which he afterwards lived ; the year previous Miller had built an office, to which he added a front, and hved there until his death. Smith Beckwith now occupies this place. Samuel MiUer was the first lawyer to settie in Middlebury and became one of the most distinguished citizens. (See later pages.) John Deming, from Canaan, Conn., purchased of Judge Painter ten acres, extending north from the southeast corner of the Congregational Church to the north Une of the mill lot, and west from the same bounds to the west line of the Horatio Seymour garden ; then west to the creek. This is now owned by Philip Battell Deming was a blacksmith, and built his shop where the Hora tio Seymour house now stands, occupied by Philip Battell ; the building he divided in two parts, one of which was for his family residence. While hving here he was appointed by the town as tavern keeper ; he accordingly began the business as best he could under his straitened circumstances. One night, according to Dr. Swift, his guests numbered twenty-five, and they all wanted breakfast the next morning, which must have caused consternation in the primitive hotel. In 1790 Mr. Deming built a large house where the Congre gational church stands ; this was the first two-story house in the village. He 1 The following, relative to this removal of obstructions is found in a foot-note in Judge Swift's work : " Large tracts of lowlands or swamps on the borders of thej creek above the falls, were overflowed in the spring and other large freshets, and on account of the sluggishness of the stream and the obstruc tions at the falls, the water remained so long on the lands as seriously to injure them. The rocks at the falls made a complete dam, and rendered an artificial one unnecessary. The channels for the water to the mills were cut through the rocks. The owners of the lands, in order to remove the obstructions to the free passage of the water, in 1806 entered into a contract with the mill owners to lower their water courses. The Legislature,Jat their session in 1804, had granted a tax on the lands to the amount of two thousand dollars to pay the expense. Much ofthe land was sold for the tax, and it is still held under that title. This measure did not satisfy the land owners, and [further expense was incurred in reducing the channel at the head of the rapids ; and among other obstructions, which needed to be re moved, was the rock on which Sargeant's shop stood. For this purpose it was exchanged, in 1822, for the ground on which he erected his new shop. 1 This point was not included in Painter's deed for a common, but was reserved as a part of his mill yard, and by his will became the property of the cor poration of Middlebury College, and by their agent was deeded lo Mr. Sargeant." 1 This " new shop " is the present building occupied by John Manney as an eating-house. 274 History of Addison County. __ . . _____ — _ _ - . hved here until 1 794, and also at a later period, and died at Crown Point in 1815. In 1794 Samuel Foot took possession by purchase of the Deming place and occupied it until 1803. In 1797 he sold to Dr Joseph Clark a small lot, on which he built a house and kept a tavern ; the building has been removed and Colonel Lyman E. Knapp has built on the site. In the mean time Mr Foot added to his possessions, on the west side of the Paper-mill road, a smaU tract extending northward. In 1 799 he sold to WilUam Coon the lot on which John Jackson now hves ; the south half of the house here had been built and used for a school-house, and the north part was buUt by Hiram Seymour, a hatter from Canada, who carried on business during the War of 18 12. The lot next north of this one Mr Foot had sold to Jonathan Nichols, jr, who moved upon it a blacksmith shop, in which his father lived for a time ; he afterward lived with his son-in-law, Billy Manning, and died in 1 8 14, aged eighty-seven. Edward Eells,^ a silversmith, afterwards owned this lot and buUt the two-story house now occupied by Lucius Shaw. The land owned by Mr. Foot on the ¦west side of the Paper-mill road he sold in 1 802 to Hon. Horatio Seymour, and the premises connected with the tavern stand to Loudon Case in 1803; he then removed to Crown Point Olcott White purchased of Loudon Case in 1 807 a lot north of the church on which a building had been erected ; this place is now owned by A. J. Marshall. Horatio Seymour finally became the owner of all the lands on the west of the Paper-mill road. Some of the earlier lots disposed of by him on that tract were the Seminary lot, appropri ated by him in 1803, and now owned by Philip Battell; this lot he deeded in 1806 to the corporation of "Addison County Grammar School," for use as a seminary site. In 1803 he sold to Benjamin Seymour the lot on which the latter built the smaU brick house now in possession of Abram Williamson ; in this Benjamin Seymour lived until his death. In 1 808 Martin Post purchased the next lot north of the seminary and built a small house; he died in 18 1 1. Having thus disposed of that particular locality we may return to the earlier settlements elsewhere in the village. Darius Matthews settled here as a physi cian in 1789, and the next year purchased of Judge Painter the lot next north of Samuel Miller's (before described) ; in the same year he built a small house, which has been torn down ; he lived here until 1 797, when he bought the place now occupied by Professor Henry M. Seeley. Dr. Matthews died in 18 19, aged fifty-three years. The first house built by Dr. Matthews was enlarged by a two-story front, a part of which was occupied by the owners, Curtis and Daniel Campbell, as a store until 1801 ; the latter then took in his brother, William Campbell, and the business continued for several years. In 1804 they purchased the lot of Judge Painter, where his miller's house stood, and built a 1 Mr. Eells manufactured large upright clocks, one of which is now in possession of Gardner Wainwright, of Middlebury, and possesses a money value far beyond its intrinsic worth. Town of Middlebury. 275 brick store, in front of which Ira Stewart afterward erected another structure ; these were torn down by John W. Stewart and a fine block erected, which was occupied as a store by Thaddeus M. Chapman; it was burned in 1880, and the beautiful block now standing was erected by Smith Beckwith and Gardner Wainwright ; it is occupied by Beckwith & Co., for their large mercantile es tablishment, and is the finest block in the county. The Campbell house was purchased in 1807 by Dr Merrill, who hved there untU his death in 1855. Before the changes last noted, the CampbeU brick store was bought by David Page, jr., and Luke Wheelock, and by them sold in 1812 to Noble and Ira Stewart ; Page and Wheelock carried on an extensive mercantile business sev eral years. Joseph Hough and Nathan Wood were also in trade on this site. Dr John Willard was the first physician to settie in Middlebury and came in 1787, residing first in a house built by Freeman Foot and afterward owned by Daniel Chipman. In 1791 he purchased a small lot north of the Addison House lot and buUt a house in rear of the bank building site. He lived here until 1797, when he sold to Samuel Mattocks and bought of StUlman Foot the lot on which Judge Phelps afterward lived. Some years later he built on the Cornwall road the brick house now constituting the residence of the widow of Charles Linsley. Dr Willard died in Troy, N. Y., in 1825, aged sixty-six years. In 1 79 1 Elias WUder, a hatter, purchased of Judge Painter the lot on which the Brewster brick building stands. In the same year Jabez Rogers, jr., pur chased the next lot west of the WUder lot and also the Wilder lot Here he built a house, and in 1800 erected the two-story house for the accommodation of boarders attending the Legislature that year ; this was removed to make way for the railroad west of the Brewster block ; at a later date he built the large brick house now owned by John W. Stewart and occupied by Mrs. Batch- elder. Rogers was one of the early manufacturers and had a brewery, a dis tillery and an ashery on the borders of the eddy ; Lebbeus Harris, a dentist, and father of the late Dr. Nathaniel Harris, was associated with him for a time. Mr. Rogers died in 18 16, and the elder Harris in 18 16. In the year 1793 the lot on which the town hall stands and extending to the creek, was purchased by Anthony Rhodes, who settled here that year as a merchant The next year he purchased a smaU tract between the above and the south line of the " common " and buUt a dwelling house and a potashery ; here he lived until 1 796, when he bought three acres on the corner of the Corn wall and Weybridge roads ; this land had been purchased the previous year by Nehemiah Lawrence, who had partly built the house that stood on the site of "the president's house." Rhodes finished the south part of the house for a store, and the north part for a residence. After a few years of business here, he built a store where the Episcopal rectory was afterward erected ; he left the State in 1801. The lot which we have described extended north so as to in- 276 History of Addison County. elude the premises of Dr. Eddy and M. L. Severance. WiUiam Baker, Ruluff and Benjamin Lawrence, Amon Wilcox and Dr Z. Bass owned parts of this tract at different periods. Mr Wilcox was an early settler and engaged in the tin, hardware and stove trade. Ep. Miller purchased in 1796 the premises left by Anthony Rhodes on the east side of the creek, and established a tannery there which he operated many years ; he later built a large wood structure which was removed for the passage of the railroad, and a house which was re moved for the site of the Baptist Church. Still later he purchased the farm and the beautiful site now occupied by Prof Ezra Brainerd and built the brick house. He died there in 1850. Lewis and Joseph McDonald came from Litchfield, Conn., in 1793, and purchased a small lot now embraced in the home premises of Phihp Battell, where they erected a gambrel-roofed building and kept a store. In 1 80 1 they closed business, having in the mean time purchased several pieces of land on the north side of the road running west from the college, forming a valuable farm. Joseph took this farm in the division of their property and worked it until 1828, when he returned to the village and purchased the house and lot on Weybridge street now owned by Orin Abbey; he died there in 1854, aged eighty-four. Lewis McDonald returned to the viUage in 18 18 and purchased the house now owned by William H. Ellis ; died there in 1839, aged seventy- two. Horatio Seymour purchased the lot where the McDonald brothers had been in trade and occupied the house as a residence. In 18 16-17 he replaced it by the present large brick residence, where he resided until his death in 1857, aged eighty years. The old house was removed to the lot next south of the old Female Seminary and was for many years the residence of Ozias Seymour. Samuel Mattocks, sr, built on the tavern lot, north of the tavern building, a two-story structure which became known as " the Green house," in which he lived until his death in 1804 in the sixty-fifth year of his age. He also built on the Willard lot next north and in front of the Willard house a double store, the upper story of which served for a Masonic lodge room. In 1794 Samuel Mattocks, jr., built on the Addison House site a large structure, with necessary out-buildings, for tavern-keeping, where he continued until 1804, when hewas succeeded by Nathan Rosseter, from Williamstown, Mass., Mr. Mattocks re moving to the " Green house." Loudon Case and Artemas Nixon succeeded in the tavern until 1 8 1 2, when the latter leased it to Harvey Bell ; he contin ued it until 1 8 14, when he died, aged fifty-nine years. In 18 16 the whole of these several structures was burned ; but the site has always been occupied for a hotel, the further history of which will be traced on another page. Samuel Mattocks, who built the first hotel, as mentioned, held the office of sheriff in 1813-14 and was a useful citizen; he died in 1823, aged fifty-eight In 1790 WiUiam Young, a cabinet-maker, came to the village and pur- Town of Middlebury. 277 chased of Judge Painter the lot next north of that bought by Dr. Matthews, and built a house there ; he also erected a shop where he carried on his trade until 1795. About this time Nathaniel Ripley also, moved into town and in 1 794 purchased the lot next north of Young's, which in the following year Young purchased and added to his own. In 1792 Festus Hill, a carpenter, bought of Judge Painter the corner lot now occupied by a daughter of Hon. Peter Starr; he built a small house which preceded the one erected by Mr. Starr. Dr Joseph Clark settied in the village as a physician in 1793, and purchased of Judge Painter the lot on the corner of Seminary street and the New Haven road, where he built and lived untU 1 796 ; he left the State in 1801. Ruluff Lawrence, whose name has been mentioned, came from Canaan, Conn., in 1796, and purchased the lot where Dr Clark first settled, where he began blacksmithing ; Benjamin, his brother, joined him a few months later After a successful business they closed and divided their property in 1804. Ruluff took the above-named lot and built the two-story house. He after ward bought the premises on Seminary street now occupied by the widow of Orson Goodno and the site of the Baptist parsonage adjoining. Benjamin' took the lot on Weybridge street which has been described ; he died in 1859, aged eighty-five. Descendants of these brothers are now living in the viUage. John Stewart, father of Noble and Ira Stewart, was a Revolutionary soldier and died in 1829, aged eighty- three years; his wife died in 1847, at the age of ninety-five. The sons. Noble and Ira, had been merchants in New Haven previous to their coming to Middlebury, in 18 12, and their purchase of the Campbell store, as before noted. Noble died in the midst of his usefulness, in 1 8 14, at the age of thirty-seven. Ira continued the business for many years, and died in 1855, at the age of seventy-five; he was one of the leading citi zens of the town and honored with many positions of trust ; was twice elected to the Senate. His son, Dugald Stewart, also became a prominent citizen ; held the office of county clerk and died in the enjoyment of the con fidence and respect of the community. John W., another son, is still Uving and one of the leading members of the bar, ex-governor of the State and has been honored with many other responsible offices. (See biography in later pages.) At the time Judge Painter deeded to Benjamin Gorton the small piece of land adjoining the bridge (1789), as before noted, he also sold him another piece twelve rods square about five rods above the bridge, on the bank of the creek, where it was designed to locate an ashery. The title to this and another smaU piece passed in 1798 to Samuel Clark, jr, Joseph Plumb and Jonathan Lawrence, who, under the firm name of Clark, Lawrence & Co., added another small piece of land and erected the building on the site of James M. Slade & Co.'s former store. There they carried on mercantUe business and manufac- 278 History of Addison County. tured potash until 1802. The building was displaced after the railroad was buUt by the one occupied by Slade & Co., which was built by E. D. Barber and Lyman P. White; this burned in 1852 (February 21), with nearly all of its contents, including the libraries of Barber & Bushnell and Linsley & Beckwith, attorneys, the records of the Congregational Church and the records and files of the Probate Courts. Slade & Co. rebuilt on the site, and the building is owned by Jno. L. Buttolph. In 1795 William Young removed to the lot now occupied by Mrs. W. W. Thomas, built a house, and continued his business of cabinet-making. He afterward sold out to General Hastings Warren, who had been his partner, and Mr. Young removed to Leicester ; he was one of the founders of the Metho dist Church and a respected citizen. General Warren had purchased also a lot on the corner now occupied by the Methodist Church ; here he built a shop which was burned, and soon afterward its successor suffered a like fate. He then erected a brick shop, which was afterward occupied by James M. Slade as a dweUing. General Warren removed to Rutland late in life and passed the remainder of his days with his son-in-law, William Y. Ripley. Hon. Daniel Chipman removed to Middlebury in 1794, and settled in prac tice of law. He selected for his residence the beautiful site now occupied by Prof Ezra Brainerd. After his marriage he purchased the lot next north of the WiUiam Young lot, the house on which Mr Chipman fitted up for a resi dence; this house is now occupied by George Marshall. In 1 802-3 he built on his first lot the large and handsome residence occupied by him until the fall of 1818, when it was burned. He then removed across the street and occu pied the large building which had been erected for a law school. Later in life he became the owner of considerable real estate, retired from practice and set tled in a large residence built by him in the town of Ripton, where he died April 23, 1850. A further sketch of Mr. Chipman's public and professional life will be found in the chapter devoted to the bar of the county. Several lots on the north side of Seminary street, on the Freeman Foot farm, were sold by him before he transferred the farm to Mr. Chipman and settled at an early day. An acre west of Mr. Chipman's home lot was bought by Nathaniel Bishop, of Attleborough, Mass., on which James Sawyer had previously lived in a small house ; this was divided into two lots, the west one being now occupied by Frank Bond and owned by Harry Langworthy; on the other half the brick school-house was built ; another house has been built between these, and now occupied by Mr. Bond's father. In 1798 Bela Saw yer purchased the lot now owned and occupied by Myron Langworthy ; Saw yer built a small house, to which Mr. Langworthy has made additions. The next lot, now owned by Frank Bond (the house having been removed), was purchased by Nathaniel Ripley, who built the house that stood there. He died on the farm of his son, WiUiam Y. Ripley, in the south part of the town, Town of Middlebury. 279 in 1842, at the age of eighty years. In 1798 James Sawyer, a carpenter and father of Bela, purchased an acre west of his son's lot; on the west half he built a small house and lived there several years. The east half was sold to Abijah Hurd, who built a house which was occupied for some years by his brother, Hinman Hurd ; it was afterwards owned by Samuel B. Bent, who buUt new buildings on it, afterward occupied by Harry Langworthy. Mr. Bent was a manufacturer of cards, which business he carried on here until his death in 1857. The other half of this lot was owned for several years by Timothy Strong, a printer, who buUt a house there. It has since been owned by Dr MerrUl, Z. Beckwith, Dr Hiram Meeker, and is now occupied by the widow of Judge Cook. After Mr. Chipman became the owner of the Foot farm, the lots now owned by Chester Elmer and Ansel D. Stearns and that owned some years since by Mr. Garner on the New Haven road, were purchased early and occu pied by different famihes. Until 18 14 the land between Mr. Elmer's and the Methodist Church lot was a smooth meadow, where general trainings were sometimes held. In the year last named Mr. Chipman opened through the lot a road and offered building lots for sale. One of these was purchased by Dr. Samuel Swift and he built on it his residence, which he occupied until his death in 1875. Continuing the settlements under purchases from Judge Painter we come to that of Oliver Brewster, a tailor, who purchased in 1795 the next lot north of the Festus -HiU lot and built a house, in which he lived until he left the State. In 1 805 Captain Jonathan M. Young became owner of the lot and lived there many years ; he was a partner with Adonijah Schuyler, under the style of Young & Schuyler, in mercantile business, when he first came here ; he later owned the Appleton Foot grist-mill, was deputy sheriff and held other offices. In the War of 18 12 he held a lieutenant's commission; he died in 1854, aged eighty- two. In 1835 Asa Francis purchased the above lot and Uved there a number of years ; the lot is now owned by James E. Negus, the merchant tailor. In 1795 Captain Josiah FuUer purchased the lot owned in later years by Wilham Morton (who died in 1856), on the west side of Pleasant street, now owned by Thomas McClure, and established a tannery on the bank of the creek.' The next year he purchased a lot on the opposite side of the street, where in 1801 he built a house; this was remodeled and subsequently became the residence of President Benjamin Labaree, now occupied by J. W. Martin. In i'8o6 PhUip Davis, who was also a tanner, purchased both of these lots and carried on his business. In 1796 Thomas Archibald purchased the lot next south of Fuller's creek lot and buUt a house ; this has been demolished and the one now owned by Orlando Wooster built in its place. The lot opposite the Congregational Church parsonage, which was in recent 28o History of Addison County. years in possession of Harvey Bell, was first purchased by President Atwater and sold by him in 1808 to Dr. Edward Tudor, who built the house and lived in it for many years. He afterward removed to the dwelling next north of the Catholic Church and died there. Mr. Bell purchased the place left by Mr Tudor in 18 18 and resided there until his death in 1848, aged fifty-seven years. His daughter became the wife of Rufus Wainwright Mr Bell was a prominent member of the bar and a respected citizen. (See Chapter XII.) Daniel Henshaw, of Middletown, Conn., came to Middlebury about 1803, and with his brother Joshua early developed the real estate on both sides of the road on the south bank of Otter Creek, building stores, mills and dweUings ; they were also engaged in mercantile business several years. Mr. Henshaw built in 1807 the three-story brick block used for the Middlebury branch of the Vermont State Bank, and afterward for stores and dwellings. He was a prom inent man in the early history of the town. His fine residence was opposite the south park, where he lived and died in the oldest house in the village. He fitted up a room in which Episcopal church services were held from 1817 until the stone church was completed in 1827. Levi Hooker came to Middlebury about the year 1801 with a stock of mer chandise, and in 1 803 purchased the lot on Pleasant street now occupied by Dr M. D. Smith ; this place was long occupied by Cyrus Birge. He also buUt successively three stores on the site of those owned by Joseph Battell and John L. Buttolph. Mr. Hooker was a successful business man and removed to New York State ; Mr Birge, also a merchant, removed to Washington. Loyal Case purchased in 1803 the lot next south of Judge Painter's house lot, now owned by Mrs. J. A. Wright Mr Case was a man of briUiant intel lect and an educated attorney ; but died almost at the beginning of his career, when but thirty-two years old. Cyrus Brewster settled at an early day on the lot now owned by Mr. W. R. Phelps ; it was at one time in possession of Joseph Dorrance, a hatter, who buUt the dwelling house there. It was afterward owned and occupied by WiUiam Slade. William Slade was the son of William Slade, of Cornwall, who was sheriff of the county from 1801 to 1810, and was born in 1736. He graduated at Mid dlebury CoUege in 1807 and studied law with Judge Doolittle ; was admitted to practice in 18 10 and took a high position in his profession and held numerous high offices. His public career is elsewhere described. He died in 1859, aged seventy-two years. His son, James M. Slade, was one of the prominent mer chants of Middlebury, in the firm of Slade, Sears & Co., also of James M. Slade & Co. His grandson, also named James M., is now one of the prominent members of the Addison county bar and lives in Middlebury. In 1 796 Erastus Hawley, a saddler, purchased a half-acre lot on the corner adjoining the former residence of the late Rufus Wainwright ; here he built a Town of Middlebury. 281 two-story dwelling which has since been removed, and was long occupied by Nahum Parker, who carried on cabinet-making on the opposite side of the street Mr. Hawley also built a shop south of his house for his own work. In the saddle and harness business he was associated for a time with Justus Foot Mr. Hawley afterward sold his lot to Wightman and Asa Chapman, who re moved the house and converted the shop into a store ; after the firm dissolved Asa Chapman continued alone, and the store is now occupied by his daughter as a dweUing ;. the building stands next north ofthe Probate block. Mr Haw ley afterward built the house on the lot next east of his former lot, which is now owned by the widow of Jacob W. Conroe. After Mr Hawley removed from town Justus Foot carried on the business, and in the mean time he had purchased the old jail building and removed it to the lot east of the hotel ; he lived in it until his death in 1835. The premises passed to Calvin HiU, a suc cessor of Mr Foot in the harness business, and is now owned by John W. Martin. Captain Foot, in company with Daniel Chipman, built the Probate block, as it is called, which has been occupied by various offices and the Ma sonic lodge rooms ; the county clerk's office was here for a time and the lower floors used as stores and shops. Hon. Joel Doolittle came to Middlebury in 1800 as the first tutor in Mid dlebury College; he was admitted to the bar in 1801 and gained an extensive practice ; he was elected to a number of high offices, as elsewhere detailed. He died in 1841, aged sixty-eight In 1804 David Dickinson built the present ancient wooden structures on the upper side and north end of the bridge, owned by Henry L. Sheldon ; the part nearest the creek was built somewhat the earlier of the two. In the first Mr. Dickinson carried on mercantile business for many years. These buildings have been since occupied by many different persons. Zechariah Beckwith carried on a commission business and general mercantile trade there a long time. Joseph Dyar, the jeweler and manufacturer of the Dyar clocks, occu pied one room until his death ; he died in 185 1 from injuries received by a run away team. About the year 1801 Samuel D. Coe, an architect of repute, purchased the lot on which was the late residence of Gardner Wainwright ; in 1 8 1 5 it was purchased by Dr. Elisha Brewster, with the small house, to which Dr. Brew ster added the front He came to Middlebury from Hartford, Conn., whUe a young man and formed a partnership in the drug business with Dr WiUiam G, Hooker, in the large center store built by Levi Hooker, before described ; Dr Hooker began the business as early as 1804, and when he removed to his farm surrendered the trade to Dr Brewster Not many years before his death Dr Brewster erected the brick block and wooden addition on the north side of the •common, stiU known by his name, and removed his business thither ; he died in 1838 at the age of forty-seven. Dr Brewster was a prominent citizen, a 282 History of Addison County. deacon of the Congregational Church and a liberal supporter of aU useful in stitutions; from 1834 to 1836 inclusive he represented the town in the Legis lature. Daniel L. Potter came to the village from Litchfield, Conn., in 181 1 and in 18 1 7 purchased the place now owned by his widow, which was bought of Judge Painter in 18 13, by Benjamin James, a cooper Mr Potter followed tailoring some years, but later engaged in farming. He was eminent in the order of Masonry, and died in 1859, aged sixty-nine years, much respected. The first lot on the street leading south from the court-house was pur chased by David Wells, a blacksmith, the father of Mrs. E. W. Linsley ; it is now occupied by Edward Cushman. Mr WeUs built his house and shop about 1808, and continued his business untU his death in 1825, at the age of forty- seven years. As early as 18 10 or 181 1 Paul Reed erected the large building which is now the main part of the Pierce House ; he kept a tavern here and was suc ceeded by Harry Moore. Mr Reed died in 1836. Captain Ira Allen, from Lebanon, N. H., purchased the lot now occupied by Dr. Sutton, and in 18 14 built his shop for carriage-making, which trade he learned in Shoreham. In the fall of 1807 David Page, jr, purchased twelve acres on the corner of the street under consideration and the one running into it from Pleasant street, and extending to the creek. Here he first built the house owned by Caleb Morton, son of Silas Morton, who was a carpenter here for many years. Several years later he built a house which stood on the site of the one now owned by Mrs. H. F. Hayden; this house was burned in 1828 and rebuUt by Asa Chapman. Mr Page also buUt on the same lot the residence of Mrs. R. L. FuUer. Mr. FuUer was a tailor in early years, and later engaged in mercantile business in connection therewith. He died in 1857, bearing the respect of the community. On this same lot were erected the house now owned by Aaron Piper, formerly occupied by E. W. Lyon and Humphrey Smith ; also that of David S. Church, who fiUed the office of sheriff for fifteen successive years ; he died in 1859, from the result of an injury received on his head by a blow inflicted by a man whom he was attempting to arrest He was a capable officer and a much esteemed citizen. The dweUing occupied by the late Horace Crane, and now by his son of the same name, was also built on this lot Timothy Matthews, a Revolutionary soldier and a captain in the War of 1 8 1 2, came to Middlebury about the year 1 800, and settled in the village, where he followed his trade of shoemaking many years. His son Eli also lived in the village and carried on blacksmithing; he died at the homestead of his son, E. J. Matthews, near the village. Charles Matthews, a farmer of the town, is an other son of Eli. Town of Middlebury. 283 Warren Moore came to Middlebury in 1 808 and located where Charles W. Matthews now lives. He worked in the marble business down to about 1823. He was from Sudbury, Mass., where he was born August 24, 1797, and died March 18, 1884. He had a son, James D. Moore, who died in 1844. One of his daughters is Mrs. James Vallette, and another is Mrs. Charles W. Matthews ; a third married E. J. Matthews. To conclude this detaUed account of settlements on lands derived from Judge Painter, we quote the following brief account of that eminent man's career from Judge Swift's work : "Any person who has read the foregoing detaUs will perceive," says Dr. Swift, " that the life and labors of the Hon. Gamaliel Painter are intimately associated with the history of the town, and will accord to him his common designation of ' father of the town,' and especially of the village. He was not a learned man, having had only a common school educa tion. He was a plain man, slow of speech and of few words, and not eloquent in public addresses or private conversation. But he had sound judgment and common sense, on which his friends placed implicit and safe reUance. He had great wisdom — some would say cunning — in forming his plans and in adopting the means to execute them. Thus he became a leader in all important enter prises. He was among the earliest settlers, and from the beginning devoted what powers he had to the prosperity of the town. He personaUy surveyed and laid out lands and public roads. He was early called to this service in the neighboring towns, and in later years was employed in laying out some of the most important roads in this region. He early enlisted in measures designed to prepare the way to establish and maintain the independence and organization of Vermont as a State. He was the first delegate who ever represented the town in any pubhc body, and was a member of the convention at Dorset in September, 1776, at which incipient measures were adopted to make a declara tion of independence ; also a member of the convention held at Windsor July 2, 1777, which formed the first constitution. He was the first representative of the town after its organization in 1788, in the Legislature of the State, and was annually elected the four succeeding and several subsequent years, until 18 10, after which he was several years a member of the old CouncU. In 1785, at the time of the organization of the county, he was elected one of the first judges of the County Court Before the end of the year he resigned this office, for the purpose of being a candidate for the office of sheriff, which for some reason he preferred, and to which he was elected. But in the seven suc ceeding years he was re-elected to the office of judge. " After he removed to the vUlage in the fall of 1787, he adopted his plans with appropriate measures to make it a respectable place of business, and the seat of the courts in the county. He early built mills and sold building lots to aU worthy immigrants. As eariy as 1791, when the vUlage was littie else than a wilderness, standing on the lot that he had deeded to the county, he said to 284 History of Addison County. the bystanders, 'This is the place for the court-house.' Through his agency, as a member of the Legislature, his plans were accomplished and his prediction fulfilled. In the town he often officiated as moderator of the meetings, and in other offices and trusts. When the Congregational Society finally decided to build a church, he was appointed superintendent to adopt the plan and make the contracts for its erection, to which also he largely contributed. He was also appointed by the corporation to superintend the erection of the stone coUege, to which he also contributed liberally. Hewas a prominent promoter of our other literary institutions. By the charter of the college he was constituted one of the original trustees, and occupied that place until his death. In his last wUl, aU his children having died, he gave aU his estate, except an annuity to his widow during her life, to that institution ; from which the college realized about thir teen thousand dollars. "Judge Painter was born in New Haven, Conn,^ on the 22d of May, 1742. His first wife was Abigail Chipman, sister of Colonel Jdhn-Chipman, who died April 21, 1790. By her he had two sons, Joseph, who died in 1804, at the age of thirty-four, and Samuel, who was drowned in the creek in June, 1797, at the age of twenty-five. His second wife was Victoria Ball, of SaUsbury, Conn., who died in June, 1806, at the age of forty-six. By her he had one daughter, Abby Victoria, who died in December, 18 18, at the age of twenty-two. His third wife, who survived him, was Mrs. Ursula Bull, of Litchfield, Conn., a widow, and sister of Mrs. Tracy, wife of the distinguished senator from Connecticut Judge Painter died in May, 1819, aged seventy- six years. The corporation of Middlebury College erected a monument at his grave." It now remains to bring the settlements on the west side of the creek down to a later date to complete this feature of the history of the town. The settle ment of StiUman Foot has been aUuded to, and his milUng business ; in addition to that he erected a small building on his mill-yard for a store and was sup pUed with goods by Daniel Henshaw, then of Albany ; these were sold by Mr. Foot as partner of Mr. Henshaw. The venture was not a success, and in the fall of 1800 he deeded to Mr. Henshaw his house and lands and either then or later his saw-mill. In December ofthe next year he sold his grist-mill to John Warren and in 1801 went away. Mr. Henshaw took possession ofthe place in 1803 and also built a structure on the west side of the bridge, which was rented to various persons. On the south side of his lot he erected a building designed for a store and used as sifch for a time and later as a dwelling. It was burned and the brick block of George McCue built on the lot He was also interested in the manufacture of paper at the " Paper Mill Falls." Mr. Henshaw and his family occupied an enviable position in the community and were prominent in the Episcopal Church. About the year 1794 Jonathan Nichols, an intelligent mechanic, purchased Town of Middlebury. 285 of Appleton Foot some land and a water-power and built below Foot's mills, successively a forge, trip hammer and gun factory. He was not very success ful and the works changed owners, the forge and furnace being occupied by R. & J. Wainwright when they were burned in 1826. His brother Josiah was as sociated with him for a time and died in 1836. On the land purchased by Nichols was a smaU house to which John Atwater added a story in 1801. Cap tain Moses Leonard afterward occupied it until his death ; it is now owned by John Sargent. Andrew Rutherford afterward added to the north end and lived there until he left town. He was a son-in-law of Captain Leonard ; the latter was largely interested in the works at the faUs and owned the Appleton Foot MiUs when they burned ; he died in 1853. Mr Rutherford was a practical woolen manufacturer and built the factory on that side and operated it. Apple- ton Foot removed to Malone after selling his mUls and died there in 1853. Harvey Bell was one of the very early settlers on the west side and estab lished the fulling and dressing of cloth, to which business he was bred. He built a small house and shop on land purchased of Stillman and Appleton Foot, on which now stand the brick house owned by L. R. Sayre and the large brick structure owned by the heirs of P. Murray ; the latter was erected by Jonathan Hagar. Bell was associated with his brother and they added mercantile trade to their other business. In 1797 he sold out to John Warren, also a clothier, and removed to New Haven, where he carried on business a few years, but be ing unsuccessful he returned to Middlebury and bought the lot on Weybridge street formerly owned by Adna Smith, for some years sheriff of the county, and now owned by Horace Gorham. This lot had been sold by Nehemiah Lawrence to Jonathan Nichols, jr., before the annexation was made to Middle bury. On this lot BeU buUt a house, which was burned and rebuUt In 1805 he purchased Amasa Stowell's tavern lot and kept a public house ; in 1812 he leased the Mattocks tavern property (the Addison House site), and died there in 1844, in the fiftieth year of his age. John Warren, who bought the clothing works, was very successful and accumulated a large property. He largely ex tended his operations ; bought the StUlman Foot grist-mill in 1801, and about 1804 erected the large brick house on the Bell lot, now owned by Mr Sayre. Still not content he attempted the establishment of a cotton factory at about the beginning of the War of 1812 ; after a heavy investment by adding to his mill buUdings and in machinery, he was finally forced to relinquish the busi ness • the mUls were burned and Mr. Warren sold out his remaining interests and went to Massachusetts. Captain Ebenezer Markham, who had been a merchant in Canada, and was held there as a prisoner during the War of the Revolution, was committed to the jail limits of Middlebury in 1795, on some debts in which he had become involved. In 1796 he started what is said to have been the first nail factory in the State ; it was situated in a room at the end of StiUman Foot's saw-miU. 19 286 History of Addison County. ¦ During the first year of its operation he lived with his family in the factory. In 1797 he built part of a house on a lot leased of Mr. Foot, which preniises subsequently passed to possession of Thomas H. McLeod. In the year 1800 he added to the building in anticipation of the legislative session and opened it as a public house, which he kept until his death. This building was burned in 1875, rebuilt by Mr McLeod and again burned in 1883, and he has erected the block now standing. Mr. Markham died in 1 8 1 3 ; his daughter was the wife of Mr McLeod. Samuel Sargeant, whose name has been mentioned, was a goldsmith from Worcester, Mass., and purchased the lot on Weybridge street now occupied by the widow of Harmon A. Sheldon, and also the lot next north of it ; on the former he built a small house in which he lived a few years ; this he re moved to the Wilder lot and built in its stead a two-story house, where he lived until his death in 1847, at the age of eighty years. He continued his business untU the infirmities of age prevented. James McDonald married his daughter and lived in the one-story house mentioned. William Flagg after ward purchased and lived in it until his death. It was finally torn down and John Flint bought and built on the site. On leaving the old house, Mr. Mc Donald purchased the lot where his widow now lives, removed the old house and built the present brick structure. Mr McDonald was a successful mer chant in what is now the Allen block, and was succeeded by Harmon A. Shel don, who continued there until the completion of the Davenport building, to which he removed. In 1859 he built the brick store which he occupied until his death in 1870, aged fifty. Thomas Hagar purchased in 18 13 the lot and small house constituting the premises afterward occupied by Hon. Samuel S. Phelps, and built the large house now owned by and the birth-place of Hon. Edward J. Phelps. There Judge Phelps resided until his death in 1855, in the sixty-second year of his age. Judge Phelps attained eminence in the legal profession and was elected to high political offices. His public career is elsewhere described. Jonathan Hagar, a leading man in many respects in the early part of the century, was born in Waltham, Mass., in 1778, went to Montreal about 1800 and opened a wholesale shoe store, going to England for his goods. In the War of 1 8 12, rather than take the oath of allegiance to the government, he came to Middlebury, near where his parents had settled. On visiting near the lines he was arrested as a spy and imprisoned in Montreal for six months. After his return he engaged in mercantile business in 181 2, which he soon changed to book selling, and continued the same until 1852. He was several years a member of the Legislature, and held many other prominent offices in town. The lot between Mr. Dodge's property mentioned and the Wilder lot, and which is now the property of Mrs. James M, Lamb, was formerly owned by Town of Middlebury. 287 General Hastings Warren, who built a smaU house there and sold it in 18 15 to Nichols & Pierpoint, cabinet-makers, who built a shop on the lot. The present house was built by Russell Vallett, who owned the place in recent years. In 1797 James Jewett began an apprenticeship in the cloth-dressing busi ness with John Warren, whose career has been described. In 1806 they en tered into partnership and purchased the carding machinery of Artemas Nixon, which he had established here in 1801, the first brought into the county. Mr Jewett afterward purchased of ZeUas Hall part of a lot which he had bought of Colonel Storrs and built a dweUing house ; on the other part of the lot, now owned by J. J. Wilcox, Hall removed a blacksmith shop and fitted it up for a dwelling. According to Dr Swift, the lands in this neighbor hood were largely purchased of Colonel Storrs, but most of the original set tlers were only temporary residents. The first house on the lot now occupied by Prof Parker, was built by Nathan Hubbard ; from him George Cleveland purchased it and about 1 8 14 enlarged or rebuilt the house; he came to Mid dlebury as early as 1 806 and was in mercantile business for several years, and was postmaster for twenty years from 1809. He died in 185 1, aged eighty-two. Soon after the present Cornwall road was opened in 1803, Ethan Andrus, from Cornwall, built the house now occupied by Deacon George Porter, form erly the residence of his father. Deacon Cyrus Porter; the latter died in 1841, aged eighty-five. In 1 8 10 Jonathan Blinn, from Orwell, purchased the house built by Andrus, as above noted, and after living in it a few years sold it to William G. Hooker, and purchased the lot on the corner of the Cornwall road and the street run ning south, on which a small house had been buUt, and erected the present building, owned by Miss Nichols. He died there in 1832, at the age of sev enty-one. The foregoing account must close our description of settlements in the town, except as later details will appear in connection with the various indus tries and mercantUe business of the present day ; and the reader must admit that, through the patient labors of Dr. Swift and others, the account is vastly more complete than can now be compiled in almost any other town in the county. It gives a picture of the early settlements, manufactures, etc., as inter esting as it is valuable. The men whose incoming and early labors have been thus chronicled, builded, perhaps, "better than they knew," and gave to the viUage and town the needed impetus to render it in later years the most prom inent in the county. The subsequent growth of the town and village, and the development and advancement of its educational, religious, and social character has been the work of later comers on the stage of action, the record of whose worthy deeds must be largely left to the future historian. Roads and Bridges. — Almost the first public work of the pioneer in any locality is the opening of roads and the building of bridges ; they are a prime 288 History of Addison County, necessity everywhere. The first pathways over which the early settlers passed were mere cuttings through the woods ; and even these were preceded by the hne of blazed trees. The first highways surveyed in this town, as far as known, were laid out in April, 1786, by a proprietors' committee composed of Benja min Risley, John Chipman, Robert Huston and Jonathan Chipman. The first road was surveyed eight rods wide, beginning at the south hne of the town and running north on the west line of the west tier of home lots to the New Haven line. This broad highway running through what was intended to be the center of the town was designed as a sort of trunk road, with which the cross roads were to be connected. It was re-surveyed by the selectmen in 1788 as far as the Philip Foot farm, where the road to the falls leaves it In Septem ber, 1789, the remainder was surveyed to the New Haven line ; but it was never opened farther north than where the Nichols and Wheeler mill was located. The second road was laid out six rods wide, from the south line of the town, near where Captain Boardman lived, and running northerly until it joins the first highway near Allen Foot's residence. The third road surveyed at that time was made four rods wide and began in the west line of the last-mentioned road, near the poor-house, and ran west erly by Jonathan Seeley's to the bank of the creek near the three-mUe bridge. The fourth highway began where the last one terminated and ran along the east bank of the creek over the site of the village to the New Haven Une ; this road was made six rods wide northerly of the creek and four rods wide south of it The fifth road began at the Salisbury line, crosses the river near Jonathan Seeley's and joins the third-mentioned highway ; this is known as " the Middle Road." The sixth is a six rods road beginning, as the record says, "in the west line of an eight rods highway and on a public lot ' (probably the glebe lot), north of the Philip Foot farm, and running westerly to " the west line of the high way running from the falls to New Haven," near the falls. In 1788 the select men laid out a road from near the Philip Foot place and running into the last mentioned near the farm now owned by WilUam H. Cobb. In November of the same year they laid out what is known as " Preston's Road," running southerly through Munger street, and thence easterly to the line between the two tiers of home lots, and on that line southward ; this road has been discon tinued south of where Smith Severance lives. All of these roads, while they served the purposes of the inhabitants, with minor modifications, for many years, have been supplemented with others and more or less changed to their present condition. The first bridge over the creek at the falls, subsequent to the one built by Mr. Foot in 1787, was erected in 1799; the first one on the site of the "three- mile bridge" was built in 1801, though it is probable a primitive crossing-place Town of Middlebury. 289 was made there earlier. The bridge at the falls was rebuilt in 1 8 1 1 , and again in 1823, when the old abutments of logs were replaced by stone, extended farther into the stream, and one stone pier built, the other portion being a wooden trestle ; the result of making this part of the bridge on that plan was that in the freshet of 1832 the wooden portion was carried away. The other stone pier was then built and the bridge repaired. Except occasional repairs the bridge stood thus until 1835, when the present commodious and substantial bridge was built, which has been kept in good condition by necessary repairs since that date. The Three-Mile Bridge, as it is termed on account of its being about that distance from the village, was built, as stated, about the beginning of the cen tury ; but as it and the road leading to it were not much used in early years, the selectmen voted in 181 5 to discontinue both. In 1822 a petition was issued by some of the inhabitants, and the court ordered a new highway opened, varying somewhat in its course from the former one. At the next meeting, in March, 1823, the selectmen were ordered to build the bridge and " repair the road to Cornwall, or build a new one." This order was not very promptly executed and the town was indicted in consequence, and at the De cember term in 1824 was fined $284 and costs. At the next meeting the town laid a tax to pay this judgment, with which the road and bridge were constructed. The present covered bridge was built in 1836, and has been well maintained since that date. During a period early in the century a great deal of interest was awakened in the building of turnpikes and the incorporation of companies for their man agement ; almost a fever of enthusiasm followed and swept over most parts of the country. In this town the Legislature of 1800 chartered with others the " Centre Turnpike Company," which was given the privUege of constructing a road from the court-house in Middlebury to Woodstock, with a branch to Royalton. This was a heavy piece of work and was not finished until 1 808. In later years this highway was surrendered to the various towns through which it passed, the toUs not being sufficient to keep it in repair In this town the surrender occurred in 18 17, as far as the foot of the mountain, and farther east at a later date. "The Waltham Turnpike Company " was incorporated in 1805 to build a turnpike from the termination of the one before mentioned to Vergennes- General Samuel Strong was the moving spirit in this company and held the most of the stock. In 1828, after a long struggle for profitable existence, the Legislature declared the highway a " free public road," and the company sur rendered its charter The numerous changes in the highways and opening of some later ones need not be traced here ; it is sufficient to state that the town has, as a rule, maintained its roads in good condition for the travel of the community. 290 History of Addison County. The War of 18 12. — There is little to note of the history of this town suc ceeding the settlements before chronicled, until the approach of the War of 181 2. In the mean time the inhabitants had passed through a time of great scarcity in the year 1790, and had entered upon the sufferings caused by the epidemic of the fall of 1812, to which reference has been made in noting the deaths of many of the early settlers. This epidemic of a species of fever con tinued through the year 181 3 and into 1 8 14 and carried away many of the prominent men and women of the State ; its ravages were confined principally to adults. During the months of January, February and March, 1813, the deaths in Middlebury were forty-seven, in a population of 2,300, according to a statement of Dr. WiUard. In 1 80 1 occurred the event which is of paramount importance in all new communities — the publication of the first newspaper. The name of the jour nal was the Middlebury Mercury, and Joseph D. Huntington and John Fitch were the publishers. A full account of this enterprise and its successors is given elsewhere in this work. The events that led to the last contest with Great Britain and the details of the struggle are matters of general history, and need not be entered into here, except as that they bear local interest and significance. The following para graph in regard to events that transpired in this town near the opening of the contest, is from Dr. Swift's work: "Soon after the declaration of war in June, 1812, in pursuance ofthe act of Congress authorizing the president to caU on the different States for detachments of militia to the number of 100,000 men, a brigade, consisting of four regiments, was called for from Vermont, under General Orms, of West Haven, and ordered into actual service, and was con centrated at Burlington. The men composing the brigade were designated by drafts, except when volunteers offered themselves. There were, at the time, five or six young gentlemen studying law in the office of Hon. Horatio Sey mour, all of whom, as well as their instructor, were friends of the administra tion, and rather zealous supporters of the war; and, for that reason, the office was honored with the designation of the ' War Office.' Four or five of these were enrolled in the standing militia company then under the command, we think, of Capt. Joseph D. Huntington. The company consisted of seventy or eighty non-commissioned officers and privates, and about thirteen were to be taken from the number When the company was paraded for the draft, the officers called for volunteers, and suggested the expectation that the young gen tlemen who were so zealous for the war, — referring particularly to the law students, — would have patriotism enough to volunteer But none offered them selves. When the officers retired to make the draft, and returned to announce the result, it appeared that, among others, the following law students were drafted, — Hon. Zimri Howe, of Castleton ; the late Hon. Samuel S. Phelps, of Middlebury ; Walter Sheldon, esq., and the late John Kellogg, esq., of Benson. Town of Middlebury. 291 They complained that there had not been a fair draft ; that they had been selected instead of being drafted; and consulted Mr Seymour on the subject He inquired whether they had any evidence of unfairness. When they replied that they had no available evidence, he advised them to shoulder their muskets and go to the war. Judge Howe was soon appointed secretary to Gen. Orms; Judge Phelps, after serving some time in the ranks, received from Mr. Madison the appointment of paymaster ; Walter Sheldon, before the troops were caUed into service, was appointed a lieutenant, and served as district paymaster in the regular service. But Kellogg declined any promotion, and preferred to carry his musket in the ranks, which he did during the term for which the brigade was ordered into service. About the loth of AprU, 18 14, it was reported and understood that a part of the British fleet was seen off Cumberland Head, and their design was supposed to be to attack and burn the American fleet in Ot ter Creek, in and near Vergennes. On the request of Gen. Wilkinson of the United States army. Gov. Chittenden of Vermont immediately issued an order by a messenger to Colonel Sumner, of Middlebury, commander of a regiment in this county, to call out his regiment, and forthwith to march them en masse to Vergennes for the protection of the fleet At the time there were few, if any. United States troops at that place. Three of the companies of the regi ment belonged to Middlebury, viz., a company of light infantry, commanded by Capt. Samuel H. Holley; a company of cavalry, commanded by Capt. John Hacket, and the standing or flood wood company, under the command of Lieut. Justus Foot — the captain being for some reason absent. The order was received by them on Monday, the 12th of April, and promptly obeyed. The companies were ready to march as early as the middle of the afternoon of the day on which the order was received. Lieut. Foot's company was, about that time, paraded on the common, and was dismissed under the order to meet at eight o'clock the next morning on the hUl just south of Vergennes. A large part of the company, having left their ranks, were immediately on their way to to the place of rendezvous the next morning, each one looking out himself a place to lodge during the leisure hours he might have in reaching the place of meeting at 8 o'clock in the morning. Capt AUen (who came into the town only a week before, a stranger to nearly aU the company, and whoUy without equipments or other preparations), and a few others, started too late to reach the place at the appointed time, and found the company quartered in a barn at Vergennes." The report which occasioned this alarm proved to be without foundation ; no British fleet appeared. Governor Chittenden, who was at Vergennes in consultation with Commodore MacDonough, therefore issued an order on the 19th of April to Colonel Sumner to the effect that the commodore "wiU be competent to protect the flotilla under his command, after he shall get the gal leys now on the stocks afloat," and instructed the colonel, " in the event of the 292 History of Addison County. gaUeys being launched to permit the militia under his command to return to their homes, except Captain WilUam C. Munson's company from Panton, who will remain until further orders"; and that the troops shall be held "in com plete readiness to march on the shortest notice, without further orders, to meet any invasion the enemy may attempt." This was evidence of the old Green Mountain spirit which had filled the State during the Revolution. On the 22d of April an order was issued to Colonel Sumner stating that the governor " has received intelligence that a regiment of the United States army at Platts burgh had been ordered to proceed to Vergennes for the defense of the naval force "; adding, "Colonel Sumner will therefore, on the arrival of the troops, proceed to discharge the whole detachment under his command." Four days later the order for discharge was carried out. Ozias Seymour related the fol lowing incident to Dr. Swift, relative to this particular period: "A few hours before the troops were relieved. Colonel Sumner called his officers to a council of war, to determine what should be done. Commodore MacDonough was invited to be present and express his opinion. The commodore, in reply to their inquiry, said, in substance : ' Gentlemen, I am willing to compromise this matter with you. If you will take your militia home, I will take care of the fleet. I am vastly more in danger from your men than from the enemy.' The occasion of this pleasantry, on the part of MacDonough, is said to have been that one of the militia men in a room occupied as a guard-house, directly under the commodore, accidentally discharged his musket, which sent its con tents through MacDonough's floor, passing near his person, as he sat at his table." In the month of May following, a British fleet, comprising a brig, three sloops and thirteen galleys, came up the lake from St Johns, passed Burlington on the 1 2th and came to off Fort Cassin, at the mouth of the creek; a brisk fire was opened on the fort, with the purpose of opening a passage up the creek and destroying the American vessels before they were ready for active service. The fire on the fort was not, however, long continued, and was re turned vigorously from the works ; the fleet was thereby driven off and re turned to Canada. In the early part of September, 1814, the advance of the British under Governor Provost, of Canada, with 14,000 troops, led to the decisive battle of Plattsburgh. On the 6th of that month the advance of the British was met by a reconnoitering party of Americans, and a skirmish ensued, in which several Americans were killed. Great alarm and a general rally throughout the sur rounding country followed. Messengers were sent to all parts of this State, and the spirit of patriotism was abroad. " On the 4th of September," quoting from Judge Swift, " General Macomb wrote to Hon. Martin Chittenden, governor of Vermont, giving notice of the near approach of the enemy, and said : ' Much is at stake at this place, and aid Town of Middlebury. 293 is actually wanted, as the garrison is small, and the enemy in considerable force. Under these circumstances, your exceUency, I am sure, will not hesitate to afford us all the assistance in your power' Governor Chittenden, on the same day, replied : ' I shall take the most effectual measures to furnish such number of volunteers as may be induced to turn out for your assistance.' On the same day, also, he enclosed a copy of General Macomb's letter to General Newell, of Charlotte, commander of the brigade in that neighborhood, 'which,' he says, ' will show you the situation of our army at Plattsburgh, and the neces sity of such assistance as can be afforded. I would recommend it to you to take the most effectual method to procure such number of volunteers as may be had for his immediate assistance from your brigade.' Colonel Fassett, of the United States army, on the 7th of September, wrote to Governor Chitten den, saying : ' I learn by Mr Wadsworth that there is a considerable quantity of fixed ammunition at Vergennes, subject to your order Can I have a part of it for the volunteers ? Please inform me by my son.' To which Governor Chittenden replied the same day : ' If there is any [fixed ammunition] subject to my order, this letter may be considered a sufficient order for such part of same as may be wanted.' " In every town of this region volunteers sprang to arms, and general mili tary enthusiasm prevailed. The troops were not generally organized until they reached Burlington, where they met together and were detailed for passage across the lake. In Middlebury General Hastings Warren, whose name has already been mentioned, made the first direct effort to raise troops. As early as the 6th or 7th of September he appeared on the village common, with mar tial music, and solicited volunteers. In marching around the common forty or fifty men fell into the ranks, to whom others were added later. Those who for any reason could not volunteer, aided the good cause with liberal contributions of money. The following subscription paper is existent, upon which money was raised for the purchase of ammunition and suppUes : "Middlebury, September, 18 14. " We, the subscribers, promise to pay Daniel Chipman, Ira Stewart and Jonathan Hagar the sums annexed to our names respectively, to be appropri ated by the said Daniel, Ira and Jonathan, as a committee, in providing those who shall turn out to defend the country against the invasion, at the present alarm, with ammunition, arms, and other necessaries, and in their discretion to give pecuniary aid to such as shall turn out who are needy, or their families. Horatio Seymour $30.00 Eben 'W. Judd 20.00 Milo Cook 10.00 Jonathan Hagar 30.00 Ira Stewart 3°-°° Daniel Chipman 300° S.S.Phelps 5.00 Joel Doolittle fio.oo Peter Starr 10.00 'W. G. Hooker 10.00 Elisha Brewster 5.00 Samuel Mattocks 5.00 David Page, Jr 35-oo Haskall & Brooks. . . . 10.00 • Thomas Hagar $10.00 Lavius Fillmore 10.00 Luther Hagar 5.00 Moses Leonard 5.00 ¦William Slade, Jr. . . . 5.00 $275.00" 294 History of Addison County. General Warren and his volunteers, with many others, did not reach the camp ground untU the evening of Saturday, the day preceding the battle, and some not until next morning ; others did not arrive until after the battle was fought General Samuel Strong, of Vergennes, father of Samuel P. Strong, was placed in command of the Vermont volunteers. Major Lyman, of the same place, was appointed colonel. General Warren was first chosen captain of the Middlebury troops, but afterwards advanced to the rank of major, and performed the part of a brave and efficient officer. Captain Silas Wright, of Weybridge, as captain commanded the volunteers of that town and Cornwall, and after the promotion of General Warren the Middlebury men were placed in his or other companies. Jehiel Saxton, of Bristol, was captain, and Daniel Collins, of Monkton, lieutenant, of the troops of those towns ; and John Mor ton, of Salisbury, was captain of the troops of that town. Dr. Zacheus Bass, of Middlebury, went on with General Warren as surgeon, and was employed in the Crab Island hospital in caring for the wounded after the battle. In the battle the Vermont volunteers did not suffer severely. Dr. Swift quotes the wounding of James Riley, of Weybridge, from the effects of which he afterward died. Bethuel Goodrich was slightly wounded in the foot, and Dr. Bullard, of Weybridge, extracted the ball on the field. Major Lyman died from the effects of a fever contracted in the service, and was greatly lamented. The number of troops who went from Middlebury is not known exactly, but is supposed to have been between one hundred and fifty and two hundred ; among them was Dr. Swift, from whose work we have so often quoted, who then held the office of secretary to the Governor and Council, and acted in that capacity, which gave him exceptional opportunities for observation. Of the gallant MacDonough, with whom he was well acquainted, he speaks in the highest terms. The following extracts from General Strong's communications to Governor Chittenden show the condition of the Vermont troops before and after the battle; on the loth (the day before the engagement) he wrote as follows: " I have been up the river this morning five or six miles, which was lined with the enemy on the north side. They have made several attempts to cross, but with out success. This is the line that is to be defended. I have ascertained, to a certainty, the number of militia from Vermont, now on the ground well armed, is 1,812; from New York, 700; regular troops under General Macomb, he says, 2,000. He treated me very kindly." "We have very strong expecta tions of 2,000 detached militia, ordered out by General Mooers, arriving soon." " I hope you and our friends will send four or five thousand to our assistance as soon as possible." September 1 1, Sunday, 7 o'clock, P. M., he wrote again : " We are now encamped, with 2,500 Vermont volunteers, on the south side of the Saranac, opposite the enemy's right wing, which is commanded by General Brisbane. We have had the satisfaction to see the British fleet strike to our Town of Middlebury. 295 brave commodore, MacDonough. The fort was attacked at the same time, the enemy attempting to cross the river at every place fordable for four miles up the river But they were foiled at every attempt, except at Pike's encamp ment, where we now are. The New York militia were posted at the place, un der Generals Mooers and Wright. They were forced to give way a few miles until they were reinforced by their artillery. The general informed me of his situation, and wished for our assistance, which was readily afforded. We met the enemy and drove him across the river, under cover of his artillery. Our loss is trifling. We took twenty or thirty prisoners. Their number of killed is not known. We have been skirmishing all day on the banks of the river. This is the only place he crossed, and he has paid dear for that. I presume the enemy's force exceeds the number I wrote you. What will be our fate to morrow I know not ; but I am willing to risk the consequences attending it, being convinced of the bravery and skill of my officers and men." Nothing serious happened " on the morrow," for the defeat of the British fleet was the signal for the retreat of the entire British army for Canada. A recruiting station was kept up at Middlebury during the whole of the war, and it is believed that about two hundred and fifty men from the towns of Addison county enlisted in the regular army. Later General History. — The renewed reign of peace and the escapes from the ravages of the epidemic were soon followed by the advent of what is known as "the cold summer " — the season of 18 16, and extending in its consequences into that of 1 8 1 7. This was one of the most remarkable summers ever known in this country ; severe frosts occurred in every month and snow fell almost in midsummer ; crops were destroyed, and a scarcity ensued in some sections that amounted almost to a famine. But this locality was more fortunate than many others, being less affected by the extreme cold. A more detaUed ac count of this remarkable period has been given in an earlier chapter. But the inhabitants of Addison county were not of the kind to despair at ordinary or extraordinary adversities ; their labors for the upbuilding of so ciety, the improvement of farms, the establishment of manufactures, schools and churches progressed unceasingly ; and this town was one of the foremost in advancement The httle hamlet of Middlebury, which in 1 793 contained, according to the description of Jabez Rogers, only sixty- two buildings of all kinds, had increased in 181 3 to three hundred and sixteen, among which were "fourteen warestores." Middlebury CoUege was becoming a well-known and successful institution of learning, with a spreading reputation extending far be yond the county. The period from 18 10 to 1820 was one of particularly rapid growth in the village in all of its material interests, while at the same time the farmers of the town were transforming their homes into clear and tillable fields. The lumber industry was in early years one of considerable importance in this town. Before the opening of the northern canal to White- 2g6 History of Addison County. hall, in 1823, lumber was drawn by teams the entire distance to Troy. Deacon David Boyce tells us that his father took three loads there in one season. With the opening of the canal and the great development of the lake com merce, markets were brought nearer at the various docks on the lake shore — a state of affairs that continued until the building of the railroad. In the year 1826, when the population of the town was about three thou sand, and again in the fall of 1841, the town suffered severely from a species of disease which induced puerperal fever. In the first-named year there were thirty-five deaths between January i and April i, nine of them being caused by the disease mentioned, and removing many prominent women. In the other instance the mortality was scarcely less heavy. Between the " Papineau War," a predicted war with France, the " bank mania," as it was termed, the approaching financial crisis, and the general activity in the political field, it was a stirring period from 1835 to 1838. The Vermont anti-slavery society had become of some importance in pohtics and held its second annual meeting in 1836 at Middlebury, with Samuel Cotting, a former manufacturer of wire screens, etc., here, as secretary. The local newspapers were over-burdened with political discussions, and the columns of the Middlebury Free Press and the Rutland Herald in particular bristled with invective. The Middlebury editor was characterized as " the restless, rattle headed young man of the Free Press, late of the anti-Masonic party, but now hanging on the skirts of the Van Buren ranks," while he in return speaks of the editor of the Herald as " Grandfather Fay." Although Addison county, as stated in an earlier chapter, escaped the disastrous results of that era to a greater extent than many other localities, stiU new enterprises of a mercantUe or manufacturing character were abandoned for the time. General Jackson finaUy signed the distribution bill by which a large sum of surplus revenue was distributed among the various States, giving Vermont nearly half a million dollars, a measure that for a short time caused a feeling of encouragement ; but this was soon dispeUed, and the remarkable financial "reign of terror" fol lowed, the detaUs of which have passed into general history. The first locomotive engine ran into Middlebury on Saturday, September I, 1849, from Burlington, and was welcomed by the ringing of bells, firing of cannon, and the prolonged cheers of a large crowd of spectators. The first train of passenger cars came in on the 19th of the same month. The first through train from Burlington to Boston ran on December 18, 1849. The first telegraph office, the "Troy and Montreal hne," was opened in Middlebury February i, 1848. The office was in the room over the present post-office and John W. Stewart was the first operator. The railroad era in Vermont (if we may use the expression), occurring between the years 1840 and 1850, was one of importance in aU sections. The inhabitants of the various towns had long felt the disadvantages arising from Town of Middlebury. 297 their lack of rapid and cheap transportation to distant and more important business centers, and the opening of the first railroad directly affecting this county in December, 1 849, was a welcome event to all classes ; the days of long journeys with heavily loaded wagons or sleighs proceeding slowly west ward were ended forever ; the lake transportation rapidly declined ; wharves rotted away and warehouses were empty. Meanwhile the character of the agricultural interest underwent changes, and the present occupation of sheep- breeding and wool-producing gained a prominence that gives Addison county a name throughout the world. Sheep Raising. — The reader has already learned of the general character of this very important industry throughout the county, in an earlier chapter ; to such proportions has it grown, and such skiU and knowledge of their busi ness have the Addison county breeders shown, that no other locaUty in the United States can now boast so exalted a reputation as this for the raising of blooded Merino sheep. The first breeders of importance in this town were William S. and Edwin Hammond, who began in 1 844, and the business is now in the hands of their sons, George and Henry. In Judge Swift's work he says that "at this time (1855) the Messrs. Hammonds' flock numbers four hundred, including lambs." From that date on the Hammonds were indefatigable in inteUigent efforts to improve their stock, and were very successful. In 1844 Edwin Hammond took up the breeding of what have been distinguished as the Atwood blood and did more, perhaps, than any other man in the county to improve that breed. It was Mr. Hammond's opinion before his death (which occurred in 1 870) that there were better sheep in Addison county than in any other part of the world. W. R. Remele was also an early breeder in Middlebury and contemporaneous with the Hammonds, and he and his son Charles are still prominently engaged in the work in the west part of the town. Albert Chapman has a flock of thirty or forty of the Atwood sheep, and his son, C. A. Chapman, has also a small flock which are noted for their excellence. S. W. Remele has a flock north of the village, and O. P. Lee and U. D. TwitcheU have also been conspicuous in this industry. Among others who are engaged in breeding in the town may be mentioned J. E. Buttolph, J. L. Buttolph, J. Wilcox, J. A. Wright, F. M. Foot, F. A. Foot and E. G. Piper None of these latter is breeding the Atwood sheep. The Vermont Atwood Merino Sheep Club has its headquarters in Middle bury village, George Hammond being the present secretary ; a fact which gives that breed of sheep a degree of prominence in this vicinity that it might not otherwise have gained. On the other hand Middlebury is also the head quarters of the 'Vermont Merino Sheep Breeders' Association, with Albert Chapman as secretary; this is a powerful association and wields great influence in the industry. Middlebury consequently enjoys a reputation in this direction that places it among the foremost towns of the county. (For extended detaUs the reader is referred to Chapter XIV.) 298 History of Addison County. The breeding and sale of blooded horses in this town has also received much attention, as it has in other towns of the county. In past years the Morgan and Black Hawk breeds of horses were raised largely hereabouts, as explained in an earlier chapter. Joseph Battell, of Middlebury, is the leading horse-breeder of the town and gives much of his attention to his fine stock farm. He is at the present time mainly interested in the Lambert blood, of which he is the owner of several noted examples. The Town in the War of the Rebellion. — A general account of the part taken by Addison county in the last great civil war has been given in an earlier chapter. Among the various towns of the county, none came forward with men and money to support the government in that struggle with greater alac rity and liberality than Middlebury. The quotas under the various caUs for volunteers were promptly filled, and the welfare of the soldiers were watched with jealous care. In the first Vermont regiment of three months men, Com pany I was largely raised in this town and made up almost entirely of the old Middlebury Light Guards, formerly commanded by Captain Charles L. Rose. He went out with the company as first lieutenant and was mustered out with the regiment The company was commanded by Eben S. Hayward ; Oliver W. Heath, second lieutenant The other officers of the company were as fol lows : Sergeants, WiUiam V. Meeker, Middlebury ; James F. Bolton, Otis Abbey and Henry W. Bennett, of Middlebury ; corporals, Oscar O. Boorsh, Wilson D. Wright, Middlebury ; John Q. Adams, Addison, and Isaac N. CoUins, Middlebury; musicians, John W. Taylor and Alanson L. Abbey, Middlebury. The next company which was largely raised in Middlebury was Company B, of the Fifth Regiment, which went out under command of Charles W. Rose, of Middlebury ; he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the Fourteenth Ver- ment Regiment on the 25th of September, 1862. The other officers of the company were Wilson D. Wright, of Middlebury, first lieutenant ; he was wounded at Savage's Station, June 29, 1862, and honorably discharged there for August 23, 1862; Olney A. Comstock, second lieutenant, killed at Sav age's Station ; Charles H. WUliamson, of Middlebury, who went out as a pri vate in Company B, was promoted to sergeant, then to first sergeant, second lieutenant of Company K, and transferred to Company B, March 25, 1863; promoted first lieutenant November i, 1863. Company F, of this regiment, also received many recruits from Middlebury, but was mainly raised in Corn wall and Salisbury (see histories of those towns), and numerous other organi zations were strengthened by volunteers from this town. Company C, of the Seventh Regiment, contained a large number of Mid dlebury men, as shown in the subsequent list, and was commanded by Captain Henry M. Porter, of this town. He was a gaUant and efficient officer and won rapid advancement; was promoted to major August 28, 1862; to lieutenant- z'-t^-,r-«-' ( ^-^^^ Town of Middlebury. 299 colonel June 29, 1865, and commissioned colonel September 2, 1865. Charles McCormic, who enlisted as a private in this company, rose through the inter mediate offices and received a commission as first lieutenant October 28, 1864. Isaac N. Collins, of Middlebury, enlisted as private in this company and was commissioned second lieutenant January 28, 1863 ; he resigned in October of that year. Company E, ofthe Fourteenth Regiment, was raised almost wholly in Mid dlebury. Edwin Rich went out as its captain ; Henry B, Needham as first lieutenant, and Andrew J. Child as second lieutenant ; he was of Weybridge. For sketches of these regiments and others, the reader is referred to Chapter VIII. The second company raised in the county (which it is proper to refer to here) was largely from Addison and captained by Solon Eaton. Amasa S. Tracy went out as first lieutenant of this company, which was, chiefly through his in fluence, transferred to the Second Regiment from the Third, to which it had been assigned. Colonel Tracy was promoted to captain of Company H, Jan uary 24, 1862; April 2, 1864, he was promoted to major, and to lieutenant- colonel June 17, 1864. He was wounded May 3, 1863, and October 19, 1864 ; received brevet-colonel April 2, 1865, for gallantry in the assault of Peters- burgh, and mustered out with his regiment. Colonel Tracy's military record is one that does him honor in every sense, and his services are appreciated by his fellow citizens at their true worth. Lyman E. Knapp, at present town clerk of Middlebury, went into the serv ice as captain of Company I, of the Sixteenth Regiment, his commission bear ing date of September 20, 1862 ; was wounded July 3, 1863, and mustered out August 10, 1863, at the end of his term of service. He then re-entered the service as captain of Company F, Seventeenth Regiment, and was promoted to major November i, 1864; was wounded May 12, 1865, and AprU 2, 1865; December 10, 1864, he was promoted lieutenant-colonel, and mustered out with his regiment. The following list shows the enlistments from this town in Vermont organ izations, as recorded in the State papers : Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863: O. Abby, J. Alexander, C. H. Bain, F. Baker, D. G. Bannor, E. D. Barber, D. Barrett, jr., J. Barrett, E. S. Bidwell, B. W. Billings, J. F. Bolton, P. Brady, L. J. Burton, J. Caffrey, P. Champagne, H. J. Carpen ter, A. Carr, A. W. Chalmers, A. Chambers, R. W. Champhn, H. Clark, H. H. Cobb, C. Collins, I. N. Collins, L. Comstock, O. Comstock, J. Cox, J. Cum mings, F. Cunningham, M. Cunningham, W. Daniels, W. Dewey, P. Donahue, P. DonneUy, M. Dudley, A. Durand, I. L. Eels, A. A. Enos, M. S. Fales, C. Ferris, E. M. Finney, D. Fitzsimmons, F. L. Forbes, P. Foer, J. A. Freeman, H. M. Frost, J. Galvin, M. GiUigan, H. E. Gilman, L. E. GUman, F. Goodnow, 300 History of Addison County. W. H. Goodnow, J. Grace, J. W. Grant, A. R. Green, S. Hartley, O. L. Heath, E. M. Hosmer, E. Howe, C. C. Huntington, L. Hyatt, J. M. Hyde, J. Isabell, G. H. Jackson, J. W. Jackson, jr., O. Johnson, W. F. Johnson, W. Latimer, J, Manney, R. Manney, E. Marion, J, MarshaU, W. Martin, W. Masters, C. Mc Cormic, W. H. McFariand, J. McSorley, H. H. Moore, J. H. Morrison, N. Murdick, A. M. Nash, J. M. Nash, C. Noirell, J. Noland, C, O. Norton, B. Owens, E. B. Parker, J. E. Parker, H. E. Perkins, F. H. Piper, G. H. Piper, H. M. Porter, J. W. Porter, G. Portwine, H. M. Pottie, G. W. Randall, J. Roach, J. Roberts, T. Rodd, J. Rooney, C. W. Rose, W. J. Rose, P. Ryan, P. S. Severance, A. M. Shaw, A. C. Sherwood, A. Smith, D. H. Smith, J. Smith, W. Smith, J. St. Mary, P. Stone, J. Sullivan, F. L. Sumner, L. W. Sumner, F. Swift, E. Tatro, P. Tatro, G. C. Taylor, J. W. Taylor, W. Taylor, A. S. Tracy, J. Trudeau, J. L. Turner, A. F. Walker, J. Ward, H. C. Wheeler, A. WiUiam son, C. H. Williamson, E. S. WUliamson, H. S. Williamson, J. T. Williamson, A. B. Wilson, D. O. Wilson, C. Wright, R. S. Wright, W. D. Wright, D. W. Yale. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, far 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls : Volunteers for three years. — M. W. Bentiey, W. Bradley, J. A. CoUins, P. Donahue, L. F. Dow, O. C. Gage, L. E. Gilman, A. Lacaille, R. H. Linsley, J. E. Nash, W. H. H. Parker, C. Pemberton, G. H. Ploof, H. J. Porter, W. Smith, G. F. Taylor. Volunteers re-enlisted. — H. M. Adams, J. W. Adams, D. E. Barrett, J. Barrett, L. Barton, E. Bidwell, R. W. Champlin, C. A. CoUins, P. Donnelly, I. L. Eells, A. English, A. Gaulin, H. H. Gilman, J. Grace, G. Greenleaf, E. Howe, J. M. Hyde, W. F. Johnson, W. Martin, W. Masters, C. McCormick, N. Murdick, A. M. Nash, J. M. Nash, H. E. Perkins, H. L. Perry, F. H. Piper, G. W. RandaU, I. Scott, A. Smith, E. Tatro, H. Taylor, J. W. Taylor, A. Var ney, N. Varney, H. S. Williamson. Naval credits. — D. R. Wheeler. Veteran Reserve Corps. — W. Daniels. Miscellaneous, not credited by name. — Four men. Voliinteers for nine months. — O. Abbey, G. W. Abbott, D. W. Adams, G. W. D. Blazo, H. R. Brown, J. Brunelle, C. Brush, C. Bruya, F. Bruya, C. L. Clark, W. B. Cobb, L. H. Cogswell, I. F. Cotton, J. W. Donnally, T Dutton, ' J. Farrell, L. Forbes, A. Fontaine, W. Galvin, H. C. Goodrich, C. Grant, C. W. Greenleaf, J. Haley, J. F. Haley, G. E. Huntington, M. C. Kendrick, J. W. Lawrence, A. M. Lee, G. E. Makinster, J. Marion, J. McCue, C. McGoldrich, J. McSoriey, J. H. McWhirter, S. McWhirter, E. Mullen, P. Mulligan, H. B. Needham, A. Olmstead, E. J. Olmstead, W. H. Olmstead, A. Palardy, P. Paydy, A. Peck, H. T Powell, J. F. Powell, H. C. Rice, E. Rich, C. W. Ross, C. C. Smith, T. Stapleton, L. St. Mary, H. Taylor, A. M. Williamson, W. H. Wilson. Town of Middlebury, 301 Furnished under draft — Paid commutation, W. Brown, H. Crane, jr, M. E. Day, J. Fales, G. W. Hewett, S. S. Hill, H. R. Holder, W. J. Mead, H. H. Nichols, H. G. Peabody, A. J. Severance, E. C. Severance, M. T. Shackett, E. Vallette. Procured substitute, H. W. Hammond, W. S. Longworthy, F. N. Nason, L. D. Sessions. Entered service, O. W. Heath, N. Hyer In the town records the first notice of official action in relation to war measures appears to be under date of April 19, 1861, when a resolution was passed that Calvin Hill is a suitable person to act as agent for the town in dis tributing the State bounty. On the 9th of September, 1862, it was resolved "that the town will vote a tax to pay a bounty of $50 to all town residents who enlist under Captain Rich, and are accepted and mustered." This prompt and liberal action resulted in rapid enlistments. At a special meeting held December 7, 1863, it was resolved that a bounty of $300 be paid to all who enUst from the town to the number eight, under the required quota in the then last call for 300,000 ; a tax of thirty cents was voted for this purpose. On the 1 8th day of July, 1864, a call was made for 500,000 men, and if the number was not raised in fifty days a draft was ordered made. To avoid this draft the selectmen were authorized to enlist and secure credit for twenty- five men and pay such bounties as their discretion prompted ; and to borrow money for the purpose at six per cent interest, payable in ten annual install ments. The selectmen were instructed to proceed with this work without any unnecessary delay. Re-enlistments under this call relieved the town from raising but very few men, and at a special meeting, held September 26, 1864, it was resolved to pay all such recruits $300 each. On the 19th of December, 1864, another caU for 300,000 men came from the president, which if not filled before was to be followed by a draft on the 15th of February following. The selectmen were again authorized to procure the necessary volunteers and to pay such bounties as were necessary to effect that result For the sums necessary for this purpose the town borrowed funds and gave its bonds payable in five annual instaUments. The preceding Ust gives the number of volunteers under these various calls and the other partic ulars relative to volunteers from the town. Since peace again settied over the land nothing has occurred to disturb the progress and growth of the town : and to-day there are few communities in the State that are more happily situated in all respects than this. Present Town Officers. — Following are the principal town officers at the present time : Clerk, Lyman E. Knapp ; treasurer, C. E. Pinney ; selectmen, W. H. AUen, J. W. Halladay, Augustus Matthews ; constable, M. A. Munroe ; superintendent, Ezra Brainerd; listers, P. S, Severance, E. VaUette, G. L. Porter ; agent, James M. Slade. 20 302 History of Addison County, The following figures show the population at the dates given : 1791, 385 ; 1800, 1,263; 1810, 2,138; 1820, 2,535; 1830, 3,468; 1840, 3,161; 1850, 3,507; 1860,2,879; 1870,3,086; 1880,2,996. MUNICIPAL history. The site of the village of Middlebury possesses much natural beauty, and at the same time could scarcely have been much better adapted by nature as a point for the location of a thriving community. It is built on both sides of Otter Creek, from the immediate banks of which the land rises in gracefully rounded hiUs which stretch away on the east to the Green Mountains and on the west gradually become more level as the shores of the beautiful lake are approached. Otter Creek at this point is a beautiful stream which is fuUy en titled to rank as a river ; it sweeps into the vUlage with a graceful curve and placid surface until the head of the falls is approached, when the waters in tumult break over jagged rocks, which lash them into snowy foam. This de scent supplies an almost unlimited water power, the utilization of which led to the selection of the site and has been one of the prime factors of its growth in later years. Of the site in early years the following account is given in Judge Swift's work : " None but an enterprising and persevering population would have under taken to build up a village where it stands. The thick hemlock and pine for est which covered it, as well as the soil, was uncommonly forbidding. The first settlements were made only with reference to the establishment of mills and the necessary dweUings for that purpose. The settlers were poor, and were induced to open in the forest only a sufficient space for the erection of their buildings, and perhaps gardens. The trees on the common on the east side of the creek were probably cut down in 1789, two years after Judge Painter moved here. " Mr. Abram Williamson, of Cornwall, then fourteen years of age, came into the country, in March, 1 790, and drove an oxen team loaded with the goods of the family, while the snow was melting. He states that the trees on the common were cut down and lying on the ground ; that a passage for a team was opened through them ; that when driving through his sled was several times fastened on the ends of the logs, and that he was obliged to get help to disengage it ; and there was very little clearing about the village. At that time, he says, there were six or eight pine trees about Stillman Foot's house, near enough to fall on it, if falling in that direction. There was no framed house at that time on the west side of the creek but Stillman Foot's, and no other on either side, unless Judge Painter's was such. Samuel Miller had the year be fore buUt his office, which probably was a framed building. Mrs. WiUiamson, his wife, daughter of Samuel Blodget, and granddaughter of Asa Blodget, says Town of Middlebury. 303 that the elder James Bentiey lived on the ridge south of Davenport's new house, with his daughter, Mrs. Johnson, wife of Hop Johnson, who had then left the country, and she recoUects no other dwelling house on that side of the creek except Foot's. Mr Williamson states further that the stumps of the pine trees remained on the common many years after ; that the young men in the neighborhood associated together and had a " play day" on Saturday afternoon, and one of their by-laws was that every man who got drunk should be subjected to the penalty of digging up a stump. By this means many of them were removed. But we can testify that several years after the com mencement of the present century many remained. Mr Williamson says also, that several years after he came into the country, probably in 1 794, he was hired with his team, by Anthony Rhodes, to draw off and roll into the creek the logs on the land where Rhodes built his house, near Mr Starr's office. " Horace Loomis, esq., of BurUngton, in the spring of 1790, then fifteen years old, on his way to Burlington, where his father was beginning a settle ment, passed through this viUage with a drove of sheep, cattle and horses. He states that the timber on the common was cut down, and that John Deming was then getting out timber for his new house ; and he was told there was no frame house in the village. " Mrs. Simmons, widow of John Simmons, esq., and daughter of Harvey Bell, senior, was only four or five years old when her father came to Middle bury, which she thinks was in 179 1. She says there was then a grist-mill where Stillman Foot's mUls were, and that Appleton's mills were buUt after wards ; that there was little clearing where her father built his house, or on the opposite side of the road to the creek, and that there were no buildings or clearing on the Weybridge street. The first school on the east side of the creek was kept by Samuel Southworth, the young man who was drowned in the creek in company with Samuel Painter, in June, 1 797 ; . . . this she thinks was the first district school. Lyman Pierce set up an opposition school, because Southworth taught the Assembly's catechism. Pierce succeeded Southworth and kept in the same place. Salmon Bell kept a school two sum mers in her father's shop on the west side, previous to the schools above men tioned. Miss Huntington kept a school in the court-house before Miss Strong came, and Mrs. Simmons attended her school there in 1800." . . . "Mrs. McLeod, who came to the viUage with her father's family in 1796, states (to Dr. Swift) that at that time there were nine families on the west side of the creek besides her father's, and thirty on the east side ; that Stillman Foot had a grist-mill where the north part of the woolen factory stands, and a saw-miU further up the stream on the rocks back of the factory dry-house ; be low these Appleton Foot had a stone grist-miU and saw-miU ; and below these Jonathan Nichols, jr, had built and then carried on a forge and gun factory, which afterwards fell into the hands of Anthony Rhodes. . . . Mrs, Mc- 304 History of Addison County. Leod further states that when she came here the grammar school common was a hemlock swamp, and the academy was built in 1 798 ; that the native forest still covered the land from the mills westward to Weybridge street, and that her father's house was exposed from the fire in those woods. John H. Sherrill then had a store, erected by Jabez Rogers, and afterwards occupied by Benja min Seymour." Benjamin Lawrence came to Middlebury in 1797, and informed Judge Swift that there was then no house on Weybridge street and the land was cov ered with woods ; that Anthony Rhodes's was the only two-story house on the west side of the bridge, and there were only five on the east side, including the old jail building. Captain Thomas M. Fitch, who came here from Windham, Conn., in De cember, 1794, when he was fourteen years old, stated that Mattocks's tavern was then built and Samuel Foot kept a tavern in the Deming house ; those were the only two-story houses in the village. Stumps and logs still remained on the common, and there was a muddy hollow just north of the bridge over which " there was a bridge for persons on foot, and it was very miry near the Congregational Church, where there has been generally in the spring a spot of deep mire. Only about an acre was cleared on the lot where Mr Chipman afterwards built his large house." Captain Fitch was able to reckon up but about thirty-two dwelling houses of all descriptions in the village. It is weU known that Rev. Timothy Dwight, D.D., then president of Yale College, made several trips through this region, the first of which was in 1 798. In his journal he wrote as follows : "The township of Middlebury began to be settled about the year 1783. About 1 794 the inhabitants began to build a village on both sides of the river, at the falls in the northwest part of the township. The number of houses when we were on the spot was perhaps thirty. Several of them were pretty build ings." " Several miUs had been erected at this place in 1798. A brewery had been established, several stores had been built, a considerable number of mechanics and several gentlemen in the liberal professions had chosen this spot as their residence. An academy was also nearly completed, which was intended to be the germ of a future college. Upon the whole the seeds of future re spectability were already sown." These pictures of early scenes on and near the site of the present beautiful village may seem to indicate an almost primitive wilderness ; but the site was, in fact, as far advanced as almost any other in this vicinity which had not been much longer settled. The young manufactures which have been described, and the first mercantile business held out what seemed to the inhabitants of that day sufficiently bright promise for the future. In any event they did not hesi tate to invite the Legislature to hold its session for the year 1800 in the httle viUage, and made Herculean efforts to provide such accommodations as would Town of Middlebury. 305 impress the members with the importance of the place. New houses were buUt, older ones enlarged, and all made preparations for the reception of guests. When the Legislature of 1806 met here, stiU more ample accommodations awaited the members. A traveler named Edward Augustus Kendall made a tour through this State in 1 807-08, and pubUshed an account of his observations, entitled Travels through the Northern parts of the United States in the years 1 807 and 1 808. In volume III we find the foUowing, relative to Middlebury and vicinity, which is both interesting for these pages and of great value, as the old work men tioned is now scarce : " Following Salisbury is Middlebury, which contains one of the principal viUages in Vermont A cataract of considerable volume, formed by the water of the Otter Creek, has afforded seats for numerous mills, and this, as has been before represented, is in most situations a sure foundation for a flourishing vil lage. On this cataract, besides forges, fulling and flour-miUs, and the ordi nary works, is a saw-miU, applied to the purpose of sawing marble. AU the surrounding rock is marble, and the mill, which has the river at its back, has a quarry at its door Specimens are shown of white, gray and brown marble, of which the two latter are very pleasingly veined. The slabs receive a very high polish, and are well adapted for chimney-pieces ; but they are also in demand for grave-stones, of which latter, some that are first fancifully engraved, are sold at forty dollars. The saw, which, in sawing timber, moves vertically, moves, in this marble saw- mill, in a horizontal direction. This application of the in strument originated with Dr. Judd, the present proprietor " Middlebury contains a college, or university, by which, at its commence ment this year, degrees were conferred on seven students and others." In the Vermont Mirror oi September 15, 1813, appears the following let ter, which is pertinent to the subject under consideration : " To the editor of the Vermont Mirror : " In April, 1793, I came to Middlebury, and I counted every building in the village of Middlebury Falls, and found the number to be 62 ; and in the year 18 13, I have counted them again, and find the number to be 316, of which 146 are dwelUng-houses, 14 ware stores. The dwelling houses, which stood here in 1793, were chiefly log houses, and almost wholly mere temporary buUdings buUt with small expense. There are now twenty dwelling houses in this vil lage, either of which cost more than every building standing in 1793. "Jabez Rogers. "Middlebury, 28th August, 1813." The httle village began to grow and give promise of its future. In 1791 the population of the entire town was only 395. In 1800 this had increased to 1,263, and in 1810 to 2,138. This was a remarkable growth for that period and was not exceeded nor approached by that of any other town in the county. 3o6 History of Addison County. Early in the century many of the older houses and business buildings began to give way for more commodious and pretentious structures. In Dr. Dwight's records of his journeys made in 1806 and 1810, he says : " In both these jour neys, and particularly in the latter, I found Middlebury changed into a beauti ful town, consisting of about one hundred and fifty houses. The inhabitants had finished a large and handsome church. The private dwellings are generally neat, and in several instances handsome. The town contains a book-store, a printing-office, twelve or fifteen stores, belonging to merchants and druggists, and a great number of mechanics' shops." " At the same time religion had prevailed in this town more than any other in the State ; and controls very ob viously the manners and the character of the inhabitants, in a degree uncom mon and delightful." " On the whole Middlebury is one of the most prosper ous and most virtuous towns in New England." Between 18 10 and 1820 the business interests of the village rapidly multi- pUed, as will be noted in our account of the mercantile and manufacturing in dustries further on. According to Dr. Swift, during this period Middlebury village " was the centre of mechanical and mercantile business to a much larger extent than afterwards. In no place were the mechanics especially more pros perous, and several were ruined by their prosperity." The population of the town increased from 2,138 in 18 10 to 2,535 ^^ 1820, and all material interests were very prosperous. Succeeding 1820 advancement was not rapid ; indeed, there was almost a standstill, and particularly as the end of the third decade of the century was approached. Villages sprang up and maintained mercantile and manufacturing business which had previously been attracted to Middlebury ; and the opening of the Northern Canal in 1823 created a heavy draft on the place, by building up important points along the lake ; much of the trade of the northern and northeastern towns, which had been drawn to this village, went to Vergennes, on account of its navigation facilities. Between 1830 and 1840, according to the census, the population of the town decreased more than three hundred, of which the viUage lost its share ; though during the succeeding ten years a fair rate of increase was shown, and it has been supposed possible that the census of 1 840 was carelessly taken. When Dr. Swift published his work he request ed David S. Church to make a census of the viUage, which showed a popula tion of 2,070 ; but the town population of 1850 (3,507) has never been reached since. This condition might, as believed by sagacious men, have been changed had proper enterprise and liberality been shown in all cases to the development of manufactures, as the splendid water power and the shipping facilities se cured by the building of the railroad would seem to have warranted. Incorporation, etc. — One of the earliest demands upon the public in all young villages is to provide means for the extinguishment of fires, and such was the case in this viUage. As early as 1 808 the Middlebury Fire Society Town of Middlebury, 307 was incorporated by the Legislature, a company was formed and an engine purchased. This first fire company was finally disbanded and the engine sold to satisfy a small indebtedness. The next effort towards separate village government was made in 18 16, when the Legislature passed an act incorporating the "borough of Middlebury with power to hold property for the use of the borough, erect public buUdings, levy and collect taxes, make by-laws, appoint fire wardens," etc. On the 7th of April, 1817, a code of by-laws was passed, which was signed by Samuel Swift as clerk, and Daniel Chipman, moderator Ozias Seymour had acted as the first moderator, and Harvey Bell, clerk. Among the other early provisions the bailiffs of the place were directed to furnish each of the fire wardens with a staff, of such length and color as they think proper, so they might be distin guished in time of fires. The destructive fire which burned the hotel on the site of the Addison House, and other structures, no doubt stimulated the in habitants to efficient action in this direction. On the 29th of April, 18 18, a tax of one cent on the doUar was levied " for purchasing fire hooks," etc. But the village was still small and the taxes necessary for the proper conduct of the village affairs were a considerable burden. The organization fell into disrepute and was finally discontinued. The act of incorporation was revived in 1832 by the Legislature, and on the 2d of January, 1833, the government was organized by the selection of the fol lowing officers : Harvey Bell, clerk ; Ira Stewart, Charles Linsley, J. Hagar, Lavius Fillmore, Elisha Brewster, Cyrus Birge and Zacheus Bass, trustees ; James McDonald, treasurer ; Wm. Sargent, collector. A most destructive fire had occurred on the 24th of March, 183 1, in which were burned six buUdings in the center of the village. This occurrence convinced the thoughtful people of thci place that some kind of organized government, which should have the power to provide effective means for the extinguishment of fires should be es tabUshed. The boundaries of the corporation were fixed as follows : " Commencing on the east bank of Otter Creek at the lower falls near the east gate-post of canal to pulp-mUl, thence running easterly to the northeast corner of said village as now estabUshed, thence southerly to a point where the turnpike and creek roads intersect, thence westerly to a ledge in the road a few rods south of the dwelling house of George Porter (to a bolt in the ledge), thence north to Weybridge line, thence east to center of Otter Creek, thence north to the place of beginning." At a meeting held on the 17th of AprU, 1833, a committee, consisting of Henry M. Nichols, Charles Linsley, Jacob Conroe, Adna Smith, Peter Starr, Riley Leonard, William Slade, was appointed to draw a code of by-laws. The incorporation was named " the ViUage of Middlebury," and the usual powers given to its officers. For the year 1834 the following officers were elected : James McDonald, clerk ; Nahum Parker, treasurer ; E. B. Booth, collector ; Ira 3o8 History of Addison County. Stewart, Charles Linsley, J. Hagar, Cyrus Birge, Z. Bass, Lavius FiUmore and Joseph Dyar, trustees. A fire company was formed and an engine, a small affair, purchased. In 1844 a tax of eight cents on the dollar was voted for " repairing apparatus attached to the fire-engine and the engine-house and to purchase a new fire-engine and hose, and to purchase a hearse." In 1845 E. D. Barber, A. R. Rising and J. M. Slade were made a commit tee to prepare by-laws " relating to the prevention and extinguishment of fires within the said village." In the same year Samuel Swift, Ira Allen and James M. Slade were made a committee to inquire about the best way to prevent fires. It was resolved that this committee should report at a future meeting a plan for the organization of a fire company and on the expediency of remunerating the firemen for their services. On the 5th of March, 1845, the committee re ported a by-law providing for the appointment of eight fire wardens, the or ganization of a fire company, etc. On the 26th of March of that year J. M. Slade introduced a bill assessing a tax to procure a fire-engine and apparatus, which, after being twice negatived, was finally, in February, 1846, passed, lay ing a tax to purchase an engine and ordering the trustees to proceed to the or ganization of a fire company. In April of that year Levi Peck was given authority to buy an engine, and on the 1 1 th day of that month Mr Peck and Mr. Piper were authorized to enlist a fire company. The engine was purchased in Waterford and received in January, 1 847, and the company was enlisted, not to exceed sixty men. The engine purchased was what has always been known as the "Washington," and is still in use. The act of incorporation was amended in 1845, by a provision declaring that the streets and highways in the vUlage should be regarded as " viUage highways and streets," and gave the trustees exclusive control of the same, " with the grounds and walks," and authorized them to " receive and expend for the purposes aforesaid, such portion ofthe ordinary highway tax assessed upon the inhabitants of said village and property therein, as may be assigned them by the selectmen of the town, which shall not be less than one-third." In the next year the streets were surveyed and improved and most of them named. The building and opening of the railroad through the vUlage, as before described, awakened high expectations of future growth and prosperity that have since been only partially reaUzed. The various industries of the place received, however, an impetus, the influences of which have continued to the present ; and, as a whole, it must be said that this village can be classed with those that have been materially benefited by better transportation facilities. At a meeting held on the 27th of April, 1849, a communication was addressed to the railroad corporation demanding the construction of a bridge near the Episcopal Church, of the width of the street ; this bridge has been maintained in good order since that time. Town of Middlebury, 309 The question of building an engine-house was repeatedly before the viUage authorities between 1845 and 1856; but nothing was accomphshed in that direction until January of the last-named year, when Harmon A. Sheldon and John H. Simmons were made a committee to ascertain the expense of building an engine-house and purchasing additional hose. Their report recommended the erection of a buUding south of Brewster's brick building, two stories high, thirty-two feet deep, twenty-four feet in front and sixteen feet in rear This building was accordingly erected and is still in use. About $1,000 were ex pended at this time. In April, 1864, a committee was authorized to negotiate for the sale of the old Franklin engine (the predecessor of the Washington), and it was disposed of to C. G. White for $50. In i88o it was voted to pur chase a steam fire-engine which was offered the village for $1,500; this is now in efficient use and with the other engine and apparatus provides the village with ample means for the extinguishment of fires. In 1877 two reservoirs were built, one in front of the Addison House and the other in the rear of the jail ; a third one has since been built. In 1881 the fire department was voted to be organized, with Darwin Rider as chief, but this object was not effected. After one year, on account of absence of definite rules of instruction, no chief has been elected, A viUage police force was established in 1866, when Justus Cobb was ap pointed " a police to act for the preservation of good order and the enforce ment of law agreeably to the statute ofthe State in such cases provided." Ad ditional members have since been added and the force continued to the present. Under the wise direction of the various village officers several revisions of the by-laws have been made, notably those of 1874 and 1884, and the streets, sidewalks, parks, and all pubUc institutions and affairs have gone forward as rapidly as the necessities of the inhabitants seemed to demand, and at the same time a wise and conservative economy has been manifested which has kept the corporation free from any oppressive indebtedness. The growth of business, manufacturers, and the establishment of institutions will be traced in succeeding pages. Town Hall. — Both the town and county buildings located in Middlebury vUlage are now a credit to the liberality and enterprise of the inhabitants. The county buildings have been described in an earlier chapter. Previous to 1883 the old court-house was used for the transaction of town and vUlage pubUc busi ness. But when the old court-house was supplanted by the new one it became necessary to provide a place for the town officers, etc. This situation of affairs led to the erection of the present handsome and commodious town hall. It was erected at a cost of a little more than $22,000, and about $1,000 were added in 1884 for finishing the basement; in this are the court-rooms, while a handsome hall for public meetings, amusements, etc., occupies the upper portion. 3IO History of Addison County. The Sheldon Museum, Archcsological and Historical Society. — ^This society was incorporated by the Legislature of Vermont in 1882, the vestry of St Stephen's Church, their associates and successors being the trustees. It is de signed to collect and preserve everything indicated by its name. A leading feature is the collection of documentary history of the State, proceedings of Masonic, religious, and other societies, and local town history. The museum is largely the result of the untiring and unselfish labor of Henry L. Sheldon, of Middlebury. Present Officers. — Following are the names of the present officers of the village : Moderator, Loyal D. Eldredge ; clerk, Henry L. Sheldon ; treasurer, Charles E. Pinney ; collector, Merrick A. Monroe ; auditors. Smith Beckwith, George E. Marshall ; water commissioner, Justus Cobb ; trustees, James M. Slade, Thaddeus M. Chapman, Albert A. Fletcher, Julius B. Benedict, Loyal D. Eldredge, Andrew J. Marshall and Luther Farnsworth. Middlebury Post-Office.^ — The first regular postal service in Vermont be gan in 1784, when the Legislature established post routes, with five post-of fices, one each in Bennington, Brattleboro, Rutland, Windsor and Newbury. This service continued until Vermont was admitted into the Union in 1 790. The rates of postage were first fixed in pennyweights and grains of silver, the single rate being about eight, eleven and fifteen cents, according to the dis tance. In 1797 the rates from thirty to four hundred and fifty miles were six, eight, ten, twelve and one-half, fifteen, seventeen, twenty, twenty-two and twenty-five cents. The single letter rate was reduced in 1845 to five cents; in 1851 to three cents, and in 1884 to two cents. Postage stamps were first used in 185 1. Following is a list of the Middlebury postmasters, with brief notes per taining to the office : Robert Huston was the first postmaster in the village, appointed in July, 1793 j he held the office about four years. It is not known where the office was kept ; but he resided on the Hammond Hill, just east of the village. Samuel Foot, second official, appointed in June, 1797, continued in office until 1800; office in the "Green store," north of Mattocks's tavern, near the site of the present bank; burned in 18 16. Horatio Seymour, December, 1800 to 1809; office in a store which stood between his later brick dweUing house and the Brewster block. George Cleveland, October, 1809 to 1829; office kept in the Henshaw " Yellow store," site of Dyer's block, where he was then trading ; afterwards moved to the "Hooker" store. Merchants Row, and in 18 15 to J. Hagar's block, then just completed. Calvin C. Waller, May 14, 1829, to 1836 ; office kept in the basement of the Vermont Hotel, in the northwest corner of the Allen block. 1 Prepared by Henry L. Sheldon, of Middlebury. Town of Middlebury. 311 Erastus W. Drury, December 31, 1836, to 1842; office in the northerly addition to the Brewster block ; the office continued in this place untU the ad vent of WiUiam P. RusseU to the office in 1857. Charies Bowen, March 5, 1842, to 1845. Edward D. Barber, May 16, 1845, to 1848. Emerson R. Wright, October 9, 1848, to 1849. Asa Chap man, May 3, 1849, to 1853. Emerson R. Wright, July 20, 1853, to 1857. William P. Russel, May 20, 1857, to 186 1 ; office in the north store of Brews ter's block, where he carried on the drug trade. Justus Cobb, June 7, 1861, to 1874; office in the northwest corner of the AUen block. Amasa S. Tracy, January 28, 1874, to 1881 ; office moved to Brewster's addition, where it had long been located. George Hammond, May 6, 1881, to 1885 ; office remained where it is stiU located. Charies C. Peck, May 6, 1885, and at present in office. Emerson R. Wright was the first presidential postmaster, appointed by Franklin Pierce in 1853. The salaries of the Middlebury postmasters for each decennial year are as follows: 1800, $36.96; 1810, $112.80; 1820, $598.36; 1830, $630.90; 1840, $638.88; 1850, $742.12; i860, $947.65; 1870, $1,- 500 ; 1880, $1,700. In the fall of 1793, the year in which the post-office was established in Middlebury, the Legislature passed an act granting to Nathan Bellows, of Poultney, " and his heirs and assigns the sole and exclusive right and privilege of running a stage or stages on the route from Rutland to Burlington," "for and during the term of ten years." "After the expiration of two years from the passing" of the act, he was required "to run his stage from Rutland to Burlington and back again to Rutland in every two weeks for the term of four years," and after the expiration of six years, until the remainder of the term, he was required to perform the service every week, and he had the " liberty to suspend the running of the stage eight weeks in every spring and four weeks in every fall " during his whole term. According to Dr. Swift, " Mr. Bellows had probably, at the time, the con tract for carrying the mail on this route, and the act was probably passed with reference to the then present and prospective arrangement for carrying the mail, as well as to the condition of the roads, and the travel on them. For the first four years the mail was carried through the route once in two weeks, and for the last six years to 1 803 once a week. When the stage did not run the mail was carried on horseback. In the fall of 1801 and some time after, a two-horse wagon for a stage was run by Mr Wheelock, of Rutland, who also carried the mail, once a week, starting from Rutiand, on Monday morning, and reaching Middlebury the same day; Tuesday it reached Burlington, Wednesday St Albans, and the three following days returned to Rutiand." 312 History of Addison County. The Press. — A considerable number of excellent newspapers have been started in Middlebury, only one of which has survived to the present time. The first paper issued in Middlebury was called the Middlebury Mercury, a weekly journal begun December i6, 1801, by J. D. Huntington and John Fitch. Their office was located at the south end of the bridge ; but in Feb ruary, 1804, was removed to the buUding erected by Jabez Rogers for a dweU ing house ; this buUding was removed to make way for the railroad in 1848. In 1806 Fitch retired from the business and Huntington continued it until 1810 ; a book-bindery and a small stock of books was added to the estabhsh ment, as was customary in early years. In the fall of 1802 these men pub lished the first Vermont Register, wh.\ch was continued until 18 10; they also issued a number of pamphlets and other publications. In January, 18 10, the Mercury was discontinued and no paper was pubUshed here until September, 1812. On that date Samuel Swift pubUshed the first number of the Vermont Mirror, which was continued by him and T. C. Strong until September, 18 16. The Columbian Patriot wa& first published September i, 1813, by N. H. Wright, and was continued under that name about one year and the name then changed to National Standard. Later publishers were William Slade, J. W. Copeland and Copeland & Allen, until it was discontinued in March, 1831, when the office was burned. The Christian Herald was begun by T. C. Strong, September 25, 18 16;. six numbers were issued, when the name was changed to the Christian Mes senger. The paper subsequently passed to F. Burnap and was discontinued November 23, 1819. This was soon followed by the Religious Reporter, started by Copeland & Allen April 8, 1820, which met its death September 30, of the same year. The Vermont American was begun April 16, 1828, by Ovid Miner, and lived until September i, 1830. Anti- Masonry found an advocate here in the Anti-Masonic Republican,. which was launched October 23, 1829, by E. D. Barber ; this paper was trans ferred to E. R. Jewett and was discontinued October 2, 1837, it having in the mean time been given the name Middlebury Free Press. The Northern Argus was first issued by C. C. Waller, October 2, 183 1 ; it passed to E. H. Washburn, and then, as the Vermont Argus, to H. & E. W. Drury, and later Goodale & Cobb ; the name was again changed to the Argus and Free Press and the publication continued by Barber & Russell, and discon tinued by J. M. Stearns in 1841. The next journal in chronological order was the American, the first num ber of which was issued November 15, 1821, by H. H. Houghton; this paper was the ancestor of the present Middlebury Register. Between the date of its issue and April, 1836, the office passed through the hands of O. Seymour and J, P. Wheeler, when it was taken by E, Maxham and the name changed to the Town of Middlebury. 313 People's Press. In the spring of 1841 H. BeU purchased the establishment and assumed the publication on the i ith day of May. He continued the publica tion until his death, and it then retained his name for a few months, it having assumed the name of the Northern Galaxy in November, 1843; this name was changed to the Middlebury Galaxy in January, 1848. The last change of title occurred in January, 1850, when the paper came out as the Middlebury Register, which name it now bears. J. H. Barrett and Justus Cobb had ar ranged for the purchase of the office previous to Mr Bell's death ; the pubhca tion took their names in April, 1849, and continued until Mr Barrett withdrew in April, 1856. The following year it was pubUshed by Cobb & Fuller, and then by Justus and Rufus Mead. In April, 1859, Mr Cobb sold his interest to Wm. J. Fuller, and the publication continued by Mead & Fuller In 1865 Lyman E. Knapp purchased the interest of Mr Mead, and the firm of Knapp & Fuller continued the publication until 1875, when Mr Fuller sold his interest to R. M. Bailey, and the firm became Knapp & Bailey, who carried on the establishment until 1879. At this time Mr Knapp retired and Mr. Bailey published the paper until December, 1882, when the Register company was formed and continues to the present time. Under this company E. H. Thorp has edited the Register. Mr. Thorp is a graduate of the University of Ver mont, class of 1879, and is otherwise peculiarly adapted to the business of jour nalism. Under his able direction the paper is rapidly gaining in influence and circulation. Several other journals which, for longer or shorter periods, succeeded in maintaining an existence in this town may be briefly mentioned. The Ad viser was published monthly by the General Convention of Vermont from Jan uary, 1809, to December, 181 5. The Repertory was an occasional publication which was issued by an association from April, 18 12, to May, 18 17. The Episcopal Register was begun by Rev. B. B. Smith in January, 1826, and continued three years. The Vermont Stock Journal was issued monthly by D. C. Linsley, beginning in January, 1857, and removed soon afterward to New York. The Addison County Journal was begun April 22, 1876, by Cobb, Fuller & Smith, who continued the publication until November 2, 1877, when Mr. Cobb withdrew from the firm ; the paper was next published by FuUer & Smith, and was consolidated with the Register ]7m-As.rY i, 1883. Mercantile Interests. — Through the kindness of Henry L. Sheldon we are enabled to place in this work the following complete record of the mercantile business that has been carried on in Middlebury ; the record has been com- pUed by him with great care and much patient labor and is correspondingly valuable : The first merchant in this place is supposed to have been Jabez Rogers, and he was, according to the opinion of Dr Swift, also the first in the county. He began business here in 1790 at the north end of the bridge where Cobb's 314 History of Addison County. block now stands. He sold out to SherriU & Co. in 1796, but traded in several places afterward. His store was twice burned, the last time on the site where he afterwards built a brick house, lately purchased by Governor Stewart Anthony Rhodes was the second merchant and occupied a building on the corner where the president's house stands, and later where the brick Episcopal rectory stood ; hewas in business from 1793 to 1803. In 1794 Lewis and James McDonald were in business in a store which stood in what is now P. Battell's garden ; they were prominent citizens and successful merchants. Harvey Bell began trade in 1795 in a store in L. R. Sayre's yard, near the Murray building. From 1796 to 1 800, Sherrill, Sisson & Dibble carried on business, succeeding Jabez Rogers, on the Cobb site ; this was one of the prominent early firms ; and the same may be said of Curtis and Daniel Camp bell, who were in trade from 1797 to 1801 in "the Merrill house," just east of the Congregational Church, which was torn down in 1881. Clark, Lawrence & Co. were in business on Merchants Row in 1797, and in 1 800 Samuel Sar gent, whose name has been mentioned, worked as a jeweler at the north end of the bridge, over the water. David Dickinson began trade in 1801, and after 1 804 went into his then new store, now owned by H. L. Sheldon ; his first place of business was where J. McDonald's house stands ; Mr. Dickinson continued in business to 1826. Daniel & Wm. Campbell, a prominent early firm, began in 1801 in the MerriU house, and in 1804 removed to the rear Stewart brick store on the site of Beckwith & Co.'s block; the firm dissolved in 1813. Levi Hooker carried on business on Merchants Row from 1801 to 1 8 10, when he was joined by James Hooker and continued another year. Pomeroy & WiUiams began the drug trade, and other goods, in April, 1803, in " the store adjoining the bridge " (where Dyer's block now stands), and removed thence to the store before occupied by the McDonalds ; they con tinued until 1808. In 1 80 1 Ep. Jones succeeded Anthony Rhodes on the President's corner and continued trade until 18 10. In 1804 Samuel Mattocks began business north of the site of the Addison House; in 1808 he was joined by Solomon WiUiams, and the firm dissolved in December, 18 10, In January, 1805, Young & Schuyler (Jonathan M, Young and Adoniah Schuyler) began business on Merchants Row; in January, 1805, Schuyler retired, and in March succeeding bought out Young ; in 1 806 he removed to the south end of the bridge, opposite Henshaw; from 18 12 to 181 5 he was in the store of the Mid dlebury Manufacturing Company. Joshua Henshaw began in 1805 at the south end of the bridge, and in October, 1807, occupied the new brick bank block, where George McCue's new building now stands ; about 1 808 he was succeeded by his brother Daniel, who traded in the Markham store adjoining, and also the bank block. WilUam G. Hooker began business in 1 804, and in 1 809 became associated with his brother Edward on Merchants Row ; he was succeeded by Hooker & Town of Middlebury, 315 Brewster (Elisha Brewster), in a building which is still standing on the bank of the creek, and continued until 1825. David Page and Luke Wheelock began in 1807 on the site now occupied by Beckwith & Co.; after one year Wheeler retired. In 18 12 they sold to Noble and Ira Stewart, who continued until the death of Noble Stewart in 1814; the business was continued, with some minor changes, untU 1846 — a long and successful mercantUe career On the I Ith of November, 1807, George Cleveland started in a store where Mrs. McDonald's brick house stands; in 1808 he moved to the site of the Dyer block. In January, 1808, Stephen White & Co. began selling books, etc., one door north of the Congregational Church, and were succeeded in the next year by Mills & White ; soon afterward Mills retired and Olcut White continued. WiUiatn P. Herrick & Co. succeeded Jabez Rogers in 1809 on Merchants Row. Nathaniel Gibson began trade in 18 10 where Cobb's block stands, and also traded on Merchants Row, and finally closed in 1828. In 1 8 10 Philip Davis began the boot and shoe trade on Pleasant street, south of the Mattocks tavern. Swift & Chipman (Samuel Swift and Samuel Chipman) carried on a book trade from 18 10 to 181 1, one door north of the Congrega tional Church. Chipman retired in May, 181 1. Mrs. Goody sold miUinery and dress goods in what is now H. L. Sheldon's block, in 181 1, and for many years. In 1 8 12 Jonathan Hagar began trade in the old Green store (afterwards the Vallett store); in March, 181 5, he moved to his new brick block and in 1 8 16 sold out to Zina Kellogg. In 18 17 he bought out WUUam Slade's stock of books and continued as a bookseUer until 1852, when he sold to Henry L. Sheldon, closing a long and honorable business career Mr Sheldon then located at No. 2 Merchants Row, sold out to L. W. Clark, sr, in 1853, who was then engaged in the same business, which he started in 1 844, on Merchants Row, and moved to the Allen block; the father died in 1854 and was suc ceeded by his son, L. W., jr. WiUiam B. Martin & Co. (William B. Martin and Parker & Hough) traded in 18 1 2-1 3 probably north of the Addison House. In the same period Mi chael B. Latimer succeeded Daniel Henshaw, in the bank or Adams block, and in June, 1813, sold to Swift & FUlmore; this firm was composed of Samuel Swift and Flavins Fillmore,' jr., and was located where Farnsworth is now in business; they added books to their stock, as before indicated. In 1809 and to 18 12 McFarland & Leonard traded on the site of the Nichols block, south end of the bridge, and sold to Birchard & Higley. James Satterlee traded in 1 8 1 2 on the college corner, but was closed out and then resumed business in 18 17. Jonathan and Lemuel Barlow began in the Henshaw store, south end of the bridge, in 1812 ; the former retired after one year and Lemuel removed to the north store in Sheldon's block, and continued untU 18 16. From March, 3i6 History of Addison County. 1 8 13, to 1822, Luther Hagar traded at the south end of the bridge where is now the Dyer block. Samuel Mattocks and William B. Martin were engaged from 1813 to 1 8 16 in the store north of the Addison House site. From 18 13 to 1 8 16 Benjamin Seymour sold general goods and hats on the site of the Cobb block. Wightman and Asa Chapman (W. & A. Chapman) began in 1813 on the corner north of the court-house ; they continued successfully until October, 1826, when Wightman retired and joined Francis Wilson in a store north of the Addison House; they continued until 1830; Asa Chapman and his sons have been continuously in trade to the present time. Lavius Fillmore & Son (Lorin B.) sold general merchandise and books in 1 8 14— 15 ; they sold their books to Samuel Swift, and the other stock to Swift and Orin Shaw, who traded where the Buttolph block now*stands. Hagar & Ripley (Thomas Hagar and Samuel P. Ripley) began trade in 18 14 at the north end of the bridge; they dissolved in 18 16, and Mr. Hagar moved to No. 4 Merchants Row. Michael B. Lattimer and Milo Cook traded from 18 14 to 18 16 in the Adams block where is now George McCue's building. In 1815 Eliphalet Mitchell succeeded Nathaniel Gibson for about one year, and the latter joined Ira Stewart as the firm of Stewart & Gibson. Ira Stewart was next a member of the firm of Stewart & Matthews (Heman Matthews) from 1820 to 1826, when Matthews retired; from 1826 to 1829 Mr. Stewart was in the firm of George W. Root & Co. In 18 15— 16 Jonathan K. Barlow was in trade in Hagar's new block, and sold to John Addoms ; the latter moved to the north end of the bridge in 1817. WUliam Meacham began in 18 15 in the old jail building and the following year sold to Silas Barrett He moved about 1818 to the store before occupied by the McDonalds. The store men tioned as occupied by Jonathan Hagar was used by Bassetts & Co. in 1 815-16 and was sold out to Nicholas White in the latter year. George Bowen traded in 1815—16' on the site of Dyer's block and sold in the latter year to R. B. Brown. Joseph and James McDonald were in business in 18 15— 16 in a store where Horatio Seymour's garden was located, which was afterward move'd and used for a dwelling by Ozias Seymour; in May, 18 16, Joseph succeeded to the busi ness and moved to the north store in what is now the Sheldon block. James occupied the Henshaw store at the south end of the bridge and moved to the Allen block in 1822 ; he sold to Brown & Sheldon in 1843, after a long and honorable business career. The latter firm was composed of George M. Brown and Harmon A. Sheldon and continued until 1845, when Mr. Brown retired. Mr. Sheldon remained in the Allen block to October, 1852, and moved to the Davenport block, where he continued untU his removal in 1859 to his own new brick store ; here he continued a successful trade untU 1870, when he died and was succeeded by Sheldon & Co., and in 1885 by his son. Dr. WUliam H. Shel- Town of Middlebury. 317 don. The business career of this family has been one of success and credit in all respects. Timothy Harris traded a short time in the Cobb location in 1 8 16. From 1 8 1 5 to 1 8 1 7 Amon Wilcox sold stoves and hardware in the old VaUett store ; he then removed to his own store across the street, where he continued for a long term of honorable trade, which closed in 1870. In 18 16 R. & J. Wain wright (Rufus and John) began their long and successful business on Merchants R.OW, which continued until 1838. In 1816-17 Parker & Hough (Isaac Parker and Joseph Hough) were in trade in the stone store east end of the cotton fac tory ; the firm was succeeded by Joseph Hough & Co., in which were asso ciated Jonathan Wheelock and Nathan Wood; in August, 1818, Mr Wood re tired; in June, 1822, Mr. Hough retired, the business having been removed to what is now H. L. Sheldon's block. In 1823 Mr Wheelock sold out to WUl iam B. Martin, before mentioned, and in 1825 the latter was joined by Mr. Wheelock and the firm continued to 1829; at this time Mr. Martin went into business on the site of Cobb's block and continued until October, 1831, when he sold to T. Harris; in September, 1829, Mr. Wheelock sold his business to Moses Seymour and A. V. Holley, who continued it until 1831 ; Harris con tinued in trade until 1833. Joseph Hough, who retired in 1822, as stated, went into trade in the Adams block in 1824 and sold out in the following year. In 1826 he operated the cotton factory and the store belonging with it; from 1826 to 1830 he was associated with Nathan Wood in trade. Seymour & Linsley (Benjamin Seymour and Charles Linsley) began busi ness in 1 8 16 on the site of Cobb's block and in May, 1818, Mr Seymour re tired, Mr. Linsley continuing the business. Nathan Wood, Aaron and Tim othy HaU (firm of N. Wood & Co.) ran a store and the grist-mUl from 1818 to 1825, and were succeeded by Nathan and David Wood. Mr Wood con tinued alone and in different firms until 1856 and was one of the leading busi ness men of the village. PhiUp Heartt began trade in 1820 in the block on Mr McCue's present site ; in 1822 he was joined by his son and in 1823 they moved to the old "Green store," and continued to 1825, when the business was purchased by Horace Boardman, son of Joel ; it is supposed that he faUed about 1827. Hastings Warren began trade in 1823 in the Henshaw store at the south end ofthe bridge, which he continued until 1828 and sold to Harris & Warren {Timothy Harris and WUliam Y. Warren), who continued to 183 1. Joseph Dyar was a jeweler in Smith & Sheldon's block from 1822 to 185 1 ; during this long period he earned an enviable reputation for integrity and uprightness. He manufactured clocks which are now highly prized. The firm of Hooker & Brewster has been mentioned. They were succeeded by Elisha Brewster in 1823, and in 1832 the firm became Brewster & Fish, which continued to 1837, George H. Fish being the associate. E. W. Brewster 21 3i8 History of Addison County. then joined his father, Elisha, and they occupied his new block, where they continued untU his death in 1838. Charles Bowen was one of the leading business men from 1823 to 1845, when he traded in drugs, books and general goods in the Masonic Hall store ; he subsequently changed his location several times before his closing about the date mentioned. Asa and Oliver Field were in trade in 1826 at the south end of the bridge. In 1827 Zechariah Beckwith began mercantile business in the rear store of what was then the Dickinson block, where the barber shop is now kept ; he later removed to the front store of the same block and to the Davenport block in 1852 (now the Battell block). In i860 the business passed to Beckwith & Co., his son. Smith Beckwith, and G. S. Wainwright constituting the firm. During the career of Z. Beckwith, and from 1841 to 1846, Cyrus Dorrance was associated with him ; and from 1850 to 1852 the firm of Z. Beckwith & Co. was composed of the senior and Charles G. Wainwright in the Masonic Hall store; this business was afterwards continued by Mr. Wainwright until 1854. The present firm of Beckwith & Co. is composed of Smith Beckwith and Gard ner S. Wainwright; in 1883 the firm occupied their commodious and elegant new block, one of the finest business edifices in this section of the State, where they carry on a very large and successful trade. In 1830 J. Nelson Rogers began trade in the N. Wood's store, and in the following year the firm of J. N. Rogers & Co. moved to the H. L. Sheldon block; they were succeeded in 1832 by A. Manning. From 1828 to 1832 Ephraim R. Smith traded first in the Nichols block, which was burned in 1831, and then in the store north of the Addison House. Between 1828 and 1830 Moses Cutter carried on business on Merchants Row. Martin H. Birge took the " Green store " in 1830 ; the next year the firm was composed of Cyrus and M. H. Birge, and in 1834 Cyrus Birge took the business alone. The same store was occupied until 1838, when the business was moved to Brewster's block, and the firm became in 1845 C. Birge & Son. In December, 1846, the business was closed out The firm of Cutter & Rogers (George W. Cutter and Edward G. Rogers) succeeded Moses Cutter, and moved to the Wood store in 1830 ; the firm dis solved in 183 1, and George W. Cutter continued until June, 1832. In AprU, 1833, Mr Cutter occupied the brick store, site of Cobb's block; in 1834 he moved to Nichols's block, and continued until 1837. Samuel Sargent, 2d, occupied the factory store, with brick end to street, adjoining Beckwith & Co.'s store, in 1831 and 1832, and was succeeded by Cyrus Smith in July, 1832. From 1 83 1 to 1835 Goddard & Hinsdill (Edward B. Goddard and Stephen HinsdUl) occupied the new store at the lower side of the south end of the bridge, built after the fire of 1831, and continued until 1835. HinsdiU then retired, and Mr. Goddard continued to 1836. Green & Waller (R. A. Green Town of Middlebury. 319 and Marshall S. Waller) were in the Masonic HaU store from 1830 to 1832, when in February they sold to Ketchum & Shaw (Joseph C. Ketchum and Calvin A. Shaw); in 1835 Mr. Shaw retired. Mr Ketchum continued busi ness until 1839, Nathan Wood commenced trading in the stone cotton fac tory in 1 81 7. The next year he moved to the Wood store, where Sheldon's brick store now stands, where he continued most of the time either alone or with several different partners until the store was burned in 1854. He then closed up in the Sheldon block opposite in 1856. He was a very prominent and successful business man. In 1833-34 Timothy C. Smith was in the north store of the Nichols new block, and was succeeded by George W. Cutter, as before noted. In the south store, during the same period, E. H. Johnson had a store, but was unsuccessful. Asa A. Francis took this store in 1834 to 1847, when his son was taken in as a partner. In the next year Parkhurst P. Francis, the son, continued alone ; he was closed out in 1850. In 1836-37 Charles H. Doolittle was in the brick store, site of Cobb's block, and was succeeded by George H. Fish. He continued the sale of drugs principally until 1840. In 1836 Alson B. Crane occupied the store east of the Addison House. The firm of Slade, Sears & Co. (James M. Slade, Thomas P. Sears and Mr. Birge) began business in 1835 in the store near the Phelps house, which was moved away. In 1843 the firm of James M. Slade & Co. was formed of Mr. Slade, Heman and Myron Langworthy, and did business at No. 3 Mer chants Row until 1845, and then removed to a store on the railroad bridge, where a successful business was done untU i860, when Mr Slade retired. In 1836 Joseph Andrus was in business in the Adams block ; and from 1837 to 1839 Sidney Moody was in trade in H. L. Sheldon's block; in August, 1839, he took in as a partner George O. Adams ; the latter retired in April, 1 840. In 1838-39 George H. Wicker & Co. (H. N. Wright) occupied the store vacated by George W. Cutter, in the Nichols block ; the firm dissolved in March, 1839. In this same period, 1838-39, Walter S. Johnson traded with John Wood, in the Wood store, site of Sheldon's store ; Mr Johnson then con tinued trade at No. 4 Merchants Row until 1840, when the firm was made A. & W. S. Johnson (father and son), and business continued untU 1845, when Austin Johnson closed it out Walter S. Johnson traded from 1846 to 1850 in the R. & J. Wainwright store and sold to Johnson & Wood, who continued to 1852. From 1839 to 1843 Timothy C. Smith traded in the store just men tioned as vacated by Wicker & Co. John Wood continued the commission business before alluded to as conducted by Nathan Wood, from 1839, for one or two years. In the old Vallett store business was carried on by John VaUett, with his son Edward in immediate charge, from 1838 to 1846, the firm gaining an excellent reputation. This business was successfuUy continued by Edwin VaUett untU 1872, a long and honorable record. 320 History of Addison County. Artemas Nixon, jr., was in trade about two years in the Nichols block, in rear of A. Francis, from 1 840. In 1 842 Wm. P. Russel began the drug trade in the Brewster block, which was continued with some changes until 1870; his son E. P. Russel was with him one year. Dr. Russel was a successful and honorable business man, as well as an excellent physician. Royal D. Farr dealt in stoves, etc., in 1842, on Merchants Row. In 1843- 44 Russel & Gridley were in business in Brewster's block ; Gridley retired. Harrison C. Gridley was in the drug trade in 1845 'ii the Smith & Sheldon block. Peck & Flower (Levi Peck and William Flower) began business in August, 1844, and were succeeded in 1847 by H. Langworthy & Co. The "Co." in this firm was J. M. Slade & Co., and the business was located in the Nichols block, where business continued untU 1852. Mr. Langworthy then assumed sole control and continued in successful trade until 1868. Frank A. Bond then associated himself with Mr. Langworthy and continued until 1873, when Mr. Bond succeeded to the business, and soon built a new store. In 1881 he took as a partner his brother Edward E., and they still carry on a successful trade, and are among the leading Middlebury merchants. Cyrus Russel sold groceries in 1 843 in the Nichols block, over the water, and in 1845-46 Cyrus Birge and his son Henry were in trade in Brewster's block, as before stated ; during the same period William Nash traded in the Stewart store. Charles D. Nash began in the Nash brick block, site of Cobb's block, in 1846, and in 1847 took in as a partner William S. Goodrich, who continued nntU March, 1 849, when one year later Nash sold to James M. Gordon. He continued to 1853 and assigned to John Stewart Adams & Fuller began business in the Ira Stewart block in 1846, and in the same year Adams retired and Fuller sold to C. M. Simmons. In 1 848 he sold to R. L. FuUer. Simmons soon took the business again and carried it on until he died in 1857. In 1848-49 Lorin Wainwright and Harvey B. Chap man did business in the old Chapman store, north of Masonic HaU ; Chapman retired and Wainwright failed. From 1 846 to 1 849 Edwin C. Carpenter sold stoves, etc., on Merchants Row ; he was killed on the railroad. In 1847 James McKeand carried on merchant tailoring. Henry L. Sheldon began business in 1848 (May) in the Nichols block, over the water, and continued the sale of groceries, etc., until January, 1850. In 1852-53 he succeeded Jonathan Hagar in the book trade at No. 2 Merchants Row and sold to L. W. Clark, as before noted. Pitts & Harris began running the cotton-mUl in 1849, and continued to 1852, when Frederick W. Harris retired and Hiram W. Pitts continued to 1872. In 1850 Carpenter & Holton began as jewelers in the Smith & Sheldon block, and were succeeded by S. Holton ; the latter has made several changes in location, and is still doing a successful business in the H. L. Sheldon block. Town of Middlebury. 321 In 185 1 James E. Negus began business as a merchant tailor, and has con tinued to the present time ; he is now located in his own store and has earned an enviable reputation. From 1852 to 1861 Jason Davenport sold stoves and hardware at No. i Merchants Row; and WiUiam S. Lane dealt in clothing in the Seymour block and later in the Nash block from 185 1 to 1856. From 1857 to i860 Andrew Magovern carried on merchant tailoring, and in the first-named year Edwin R. Clay began dealing in miUinery and fancy goods in Cobb's new block at the north end of the bridge; in 1871 he removed to his own block at the other end of the bridge, where he is still in business. In 1857 Lyman Rockwood began trade in the Masonic Hall store and continued a few years. Henry W. Brewster began as a jeweler in Brewster's block, south end, in 1859 and has continued a successful trade to the present time. Welch & Earl started in the hardware trade (Michael Welch and Charles D. Earl) ; in 1866 Earl retired, but again joined the firm in the next year ; they continued in what is now the Smith & Sheldon building until 1870. Mr. Earl stUl continues in the business. Charles J. Soper did a merchant tailoring business from 1861 to 1880 in the Allen block and other places. Bliss Brothers (Edgar J. and Charles H.) were located in the old Hagar three-story store from 1865 to 1867. From 1856 to 1859 Sidney and William S. Moody continued the drug business before alluded to as carried on by the former ; they were in the Sey mour block. From 1856 to i860 WiUiam H. Remsen was in trade in the basement of the Allen block. Hiram W. Pitts and Harmon A. Sheldon sold flour, grain, etc., in 1856, and Solomon Parker was in the book trade in 1857 as successor to L. W. Clark, before mentioned. R. L. Fuller, deceased, was succeeded in 1857 by George C. Chapman and Nelson P. Barbour, to 1865, when Barbour retired. Chapman continued to 1868, when his son Charles joined him, in the Stewart block. In the next year Charles retired. William Slade & Co. (Jennie Ford) did a millinery business on Merchants Row from 1866 to 1881, doing the leading business ofthe place. Mr. William Slade now deals in ladies' fancy goods in the Slade store since 1881. In 1865 William H. Fox began the boot and shoe trade, purchasing the business of P. P. Francis, who had in 1863 succeeded H. C. Wilcox at No. 2 Merchants Row ; the next year he sold to N. P. Barbour Mr Barbour con tinued in successful trade to 1875, in the Davenport block. In 1865 John H. Simmons & Co. succeeded A. H. Copeland in the book trade in Brewster's block. Amasa S. Tracy was the company, and they continued to 1870. From 1867 to 1875 Leander R. Sayre was in the business in the basement of the Allen block ; in 1 866 Valentine V. Clay began dealing in flour and feed, in a three-story building between the creek and the railroad ; in the same year Orin S. Dickinson succeeded Solomon Parker in seUing books, jewelry, etc., in the Allen block. In 1867 Frank W. Soper & Co. began merchant taUoring in 322 History of Addison County. the Seymour block and continued to 1871, when the senior member retired leaving Henry Soper in trade, who was succeeded by Charles Ballou. (See later page.) In 1868 Sheldon & Owen (Harmon A. Sheldon and Benjamin F. Owen) began business in grain, mUUng, etc., in the old Wood grist-miU on the north side of the creek. Mr. Owen later became connected with other business, as will appear In 1869, for about one year, Orin S. Dickinson and Edmund D. Munger were associated in business in the Severance store, south side of the creek, over the water ; Dickinson then retired and Munger continued to 1872, when he failed. Their stock was books, jewelry and fancy goods. The firm of H. & M. Langworthy, which has been described, was succeeded in 1869 by Langworthy & Co. (Heman, Myron and Charles P.). From 1869 to 1 87 1 John L. Barker & Co. traded in the Severance block. The drug busi ness of William P. Russel, before noted, was taken by Frank H. Bascom & Co. in 1 87 1, and about a year later W. M. Day succeeded in the store in the Brewster block, and continued to 1876. Caleb Ticknor and William S. Goodrich began the milling business on the south side in 1869, and in the same year Chauncey L. Case and Norman F. Rider began the drug trade in the Severance block, continuing to 1875 ; Mr. Rider continued after the fire of that year, in the Case new store ; he failed in 1877. Thad. M. and Charles P. Chapman carried on business in the Stewart block from 1870 to 1875, and were succeeded by T. M. Chapman & Co. (Thad. M. and P. Fletcher Chapman and John Flint) ; the latter retired in April, 1877. In 1870 and to 1872 Charles D. Earl and Valentine V. Clay were associ ated in the hardware trade, at first in the Seymour block and later in the Clay block ; they sold to Clay, Wilcox & Hyde. Wilcox & Hyde were successors in 1870 to Amon Wilcox, then the oldest dealer in town, having been in busi ness continuously from 181 5 ; into this firm Mr. Clay came in 1872, in Lane's new block, and continued until the fire of 1875, with a change of firm name to Hyde, Wilcox & Co., by which two other partners were admitted. Harmon A. Sheldon, who has been mentioned as in trade from 1843, was succeeded in 1870 by Sheldon & Co. (Homer Sheldon, J. Wesley Lovett and Walter Goodnough), who carried on a large business in the Sheldon brick store. In AprU, 1876, Mr Lovett retired, and in October, 1881, Homer Shel don sold out to Dr. WiUiam Sheldon ; the latter bought out Mr Goodnough in April, 1885. The business is now conducted by William H. Sheldon, who is one of the leading merchants of the village. Rollin Birchard began in the furniture business in 1870, and sold out the next year to John B. Steele. In the same year Uriel D. Twitchell and Milton Brooks joined in the hardware trade in the Davenport block ; Brooks retired the next year and Gideon D. Miner took his place. In 1871 John L. But- Town of Middlebury. 323 tolph and Gideon D. Miner took up this same business; in 1872 Miner retired and later in the same year Buttolph sold out to Farnsworth & Fletcher (Frank A. Farnsworth and Thomas Fletcher) ; in September, 1877, Mr Fletcher re tired and the next year P. Fletcher Chapman continued the business ; the firm now carrying on this successful business is Frank Farnsworth & Co., one ofthe leading establishments of the place. Justus Cobb sold books, etc., in his block in 1872-73. In the first year named Gideon D. Miner and Judson A. Wright (G. D. Miner & Co.) followed E. D. Munger in the jewelry and fancy goods business in the Severance block, continuing to the fire of 1875. The business of E. Vallett, which has been noted, was continued in Val- lett's block from 1872 by Edwin Vallett & Co. (Elijah W. Bird) to January, 1877, when Charles E. CardeU took Mr Bird's place, but retired the following July. Mr Bird joined with Thad. M. Chapman, as E. W. Bird & Co. in 1883, and continued as general merchants in the Vallett store and Merchants Row until 1885, when Mr. Chapman retired, and the business is now conducted by Benedict & Bird (E. W. Bird and Ransom S. Benedict). William S. Alden began in the book and stationery trade in Cobb's block, in 1873, and has continued to the present time, doing a large business. From 1875 to the fire of 188 1 William W. Eaton sold clothing in the Tupper store and McLeod block. In 1876 George H. Plumley succeeded to the old WiUiam P. Russel stand and sold drugs and medicines to 1881, when he died. L. Han- aford succeeded him and is stiU in trade. Swiney & Sargent (Wallace W. Swiney and John H. Sargent) began the stove and hardware trade in Swiney's store in 1875 ; and Henry R. Dodge began hardware trade in 1876 in Mc- Leod's new store, corner of Ellis Lane and Main street ; he was closed out by the fire of 1883. B. F. Owens & Co. (J. Wesley Lovett) began trade in the L. J. Barker store, Slade & Barker block, in 1876; and in 1877 Henry Gar- hck and Alvin Williamson opened a market in H. L. Sheldon's block, contin uing to 1 88 1. B. F. Wales was associated with John Hyde in 1877 in J. L. Barker's block. In 1 878 Thomas W. Fletcher began as a merchant tailor in the AUen block. In 1879 M. H. Reed began the clothing trade at No. 2 Dyer's block; and in the same year RoUin Birchard & Co. (Mrs. R. Birchard and Norman F. Ri der) began the drug business. Charles D. Eari and George E. Barnum began a partnership in 1879 in Dyer's block, in the hardware trade. George E. MarshaU began as a bookseUer in 1882, and continues the busi ness. George C. Chapman, P. Fletcher Chapman and Juhus W. Pitts, under the firm style of Chapman & Co., began merchant tailoring in March, 1884. 324 History of Addison County. In September, 1883, Edward P. Cushman opened the dry goods trade at No, 3 Merchants Row. Edmund L. Stowe was engaged from 1883 to 1885 in the gun and hard ware trade in the McLeod block until the fire of 1883, and then in H. L. Shel don's block ; he failed. Whitmore & Porter were the first daguerreotype artists in town. They started June 28, 1843, •" J- C. Huntington's hotel, now the residence of L. R. Sayre. This account of the mercantile interests of Middlebury (which is beheved to be very nearly complete) is of necessity somewhat monotonous ; but it is thought to be of great value in a work of this character. It indicates in a gen eral way the degree of success attained by the various merchants, and also that the village has always been well supplied with business houses of all kinds. At the present time the stores are of a character creditable to the place, and the merchants are generally successful in their several lines. Hotels. — Frequent aUusion has been made to the old-time tavern which occupied the site of the present Addison House, the first of which was destroyed by fire. The present hotel was built by Nathan Wood in 1826 and in the fol lowing year was opened as the " Vermont Hotel." It was subsequently occu pied by various tenants until 1852, when the "Middlebury Hotel Company" was formed, took the house, and inaugurated extensive repairs. Other changes followed in the proprietorship down to 1865, when the present owner, Darwin Rider, took the house and has made it one of the popular hotels of the county, Mr. Rider has greatly improved the house in many ways ; runs a free carriage to all trains ; has a large livery in connection and very successfully caters to the wants of his numerous guests. What is now known as the Pierce House, kept by F. W. Pierce since 1876, was formerly known as the " Middlebury Hotel " ; the older part ofthe buUd ing was erected in 181 1 by Paul Reed. Numerous additions and improve ments have since been made under the various owners and proprietors, until now it is a large and home-like hotel, well managed and successful. Carriages are sent to all trains and a livery is connected with the house. Of the old hotels of the village it will be interesting to note that the old Ep. MUler house, which was taken down to make room for the town hall, was converted into a hotel when the Vermont Hotel was burned in 18 16, and used for that purpose twenty years. The dwelling house of L. R. Sayre was also converted into a public house in 18 17, and used thirty years. The house built by Ebenezer Markham in 1788, on the corner now owned by Thomas McLeod, was used as a hotel about fifteen years. Manufactures. — It has been often stated and is generally acknowledged that much of the life and growth of a village or city depends upon its manu facturing interests ; and it is undoubted that the early prosperity of Middlebury Town of Middlebury, 325 was largely contributed to by its great water power and the various industries to which it gave rise. The early manufacturers of this town were many of them men of enterprise and possessed of a knowledge of their various caUings which led to important results, as will appear Most of the eariy manufacturing estab lishments of the town have been more or less minutely described in connection with our account of the settlements of the town ; it remains only to aUude more particularly to some of the more prominent and to those of modern times. We have already partially described the early forge which was established by Jonathan Nichols. Considerable iron was manufactured here, the ore being brought principally from Crown Point, but partiy from Monkton. (See history of that town.) The gun factory, which has also been mentioned, was estab lished chiefly for the manufacture of guns for the government Mr. Nichols and those who succeeded him had a contract for making a thousand guns, which contract was fulfilled, the arms being inspected by Major Orr, and re ceived by the government in 1802. Elias Hall, a former employee ofthe fac tory, continued the business on a small scale for some forty or more years later. Josiah Nichols, whose settlement has been described, was employed in the trip hammer shop with Daniel Pettibone and Ezekiel Chapman, and in 1799 or 1800 they discovered a process of welding cast steel, and in 1 802 a patent was taken out in their names ; this process was one of great importance and went into general use. Lavius Fillmore, an architect of repute, came to Middlebury in the spring of 1806, under a contract for the erection ofthe Congregational Church. In the following February David Page, jr, established a mercantile business here, and soon afterward Page and Fillmore purchased of Judge Painter his mills and water power on the east side of the falls. Soon afterward Mr. Fillmore re moved the old mills and built the more commodious stone mill and store-room. This mill was partiaUy destroyed in its interior by the fire of 1854; but it was rebuilt in 1856 by H. W. Pitts and H. A. Sheldon. The mill property has ever since remained in the Sheldon estate. The mill has been operated by several different persons ; it is now being run by W. R. Rose, who leased it in August, 1885, succeeding Lorenzo Stowe. Early in the century the manufacture of cotton goods for the home market attracted much attention in this country ; prices on such goods were very high and foreign commerce was obstructed, rendering it particularly desirable that a supply should be provided here. As early as 181 1 David Page began the erec tion ofthe stone cotton factory north of the grist-mill just described. He set up such rude machinery as he could obtain and manufactured some cloth be fore the close of the war, which then brought fifty cents a yard. John Hough ton, who had been putting up similar machinery in New Ipswich, N. H., was employed for that purpose here. In the year 1817 Joseph Gordon came from Scotland, where he had followed the manufacture of cotton machinery, and 326 History of Addison County. brought drawings with him ; he built for Mr. Page twenty power looms, which are beUeved to have been the first power looms buUt in the United States, ex cept six which were built the previous year in Rhode Island. Isaac Parkham, an ingenious mechanic who had been employed with Houghton, manufactured the iron work on these looms and machinery; he died in 1825, bearing an en viable reputation as a machinist After the factory was completed Page and FiUmore divided their property, Fillmore taking the mill and Page the factory. Mr. FUlmore carried on milling largely and profitably during the war and later, when wheat was grown in large quantities. Of the factory Professor Frederic Hall wrote in 1821 as follows: " It is one hundred and fifty feet in length, thirty-seven feet wide, six stories high at one end, and three at the other The present proprietor, Mr Joseph Hough, informs me that the building contains at this time (December, 1820) eight hundred and forty spindles for cotton, fifteen power looms, together with two wool-carding machines. The spindles produce a sufficient quantity of yarn daily for five hundred yards of sheeting." This factory not long after ward passed to possession of Benjamin Marshall, of Troy, N. Y., and from him by wiU to the wife of Charles Carville, of New York. Mr MarshaU added largely to the capacity of the factory. It subsequently passed through the hands of various lessees or agents and finally to H. W. Pitts in 1 849, who leased it and carried on the manufacture of heavy sheeting for several years. The latest use to which the building has been put was as a marble-factory by the Cutter Manufacturing Company, which is elsewhere described. The grist-mill passed into the hands of Aaron and Timothy Hall, of Keene, N. H., both of whom died, and it was operated by various persons under the administrators until the fire, as stated. Of another factory Professor Hall wrote, and is quoted by Dr. Swift as fol lows: " On the opposite side of the river is another cotton manufactory, owned by Mr. John Warren, who communicated the following facts : The building is of stone, fifty-eight feet in length, thirty-two in width and forty in height, con taining six hundred spindles, with all the necessary apparatus. They yield yarn enough daily for two hundred yards of sheeting. Adjoining this is a stone building, in which are eight power looms, weaving, on an average, one thousand yards of cloth a week. Under the same roof is a double fulling-mill, or two stocks on one wheel, which for twenty years past has fulled twelve thousand yards annually ; also a double carding-machine, which cards from six to twelve thousand pounds of wool annually." Speaking of this factory Dr. Swift says in substance, that it was the one into which John Warren converted his grist-mill about the year 18 13. He enlarged the building, and among others erected at the north end a stone building, mentioned by Mr. Hall as containing his looms, and a wooden building over the shed at the south end, which was occupied as a tenement for his employees. In the summer of 1825 Town of Middlebury. 327 this whole establishment was consumed by fire. It was rebuilt by Mr War ren, Stephen Hinsdill, of Bennington, furnishing a portion of the machinery. In 1835 the whole establishment became the property of HinsdUl, and he put in the requisite machinery, and converted it into a manufactory of satinet In February, 1836, the factory took fire again, and the roof and upper part ofthe building, to the floor of the second story, and the wooden building at the south end were consumed. Not far from the same time the stone building at the north end tumbled down, for want of substantial foundation. The damage done by the fire was soon after repaired; but subsequently it was destroyed by fire. In November, 1835, the " Middlebury Manufacturing Company" was in corporated by the Legislature, " for manufacturing cotton and woolen goods," with a capital of $200,000. In the summer foUowing sufficient stock was sub scribed, and the company organized. In the fall of that year the company purchased of HinsdUl his factory, added new machinery, purchased a large quantity of wool, and prosecuted with all their means the manufacture of satinet ; intending in the spring to enlarge their establishment for the manu facture of woolen goods. As there were no means of transporting their goods to market in the winter, a very large quantity had accumulated by the spring of 1837. By the time the goods could be got to market in that spring of untold stringency in the money circles, there was no market, and many of them were sold at half their cost ; the loss was so heavy and the discourage ment so severe that the stockholders abandoned the business. The factory remained idle until 1 840, having later become extended by the purchase on the part of the company of the works formerly owned by Captain Moses Leon ard and Andrew Rutherford. The grist-mill in the basement and the saw mill west of it continued in operation. In 1840 Jason Davenport and Oliver P. Turner, both practical manufacturers, leased the factory and part of the machinery, and carried on the manufacture of woolen goods with success and profit Turner died in 1847, and Charles D. Nash became connected with Davenport; they and Nash alone continued the business untU 185 1, after which, until 1854, it remained idle ; it was then leased to Mr. Davenport and Valentine Clay. After their term of operation the factory was purchased by Oliver Severance, who demolished it and built a paper-miU some fifteen years ago. This was operated to 1872, when it burned, and he and his associates built another, which was in turn burned in the fire of 1875. The establishment of Smith & Allen now occupies the site. " At an early day," says Dr Swift in his work on Middlebury, " Rufus and Jonathan Wainwright, jr, sons of Jonathan Wainwright, of Sahsbury, estab lished themselves in the tin and iron business, on a smaU scale ; and, having en ergy, they enlarged the business from time to time. Not long after the close of the War of 18 12 they erected a furnace below the mills buUt by Appleton 328 History of Addison County, Foot, on the site of the former forge, for casting stoves and other articles. They purchased the store now occupied by Mr, Davenport for their place of business, and greatly enlarged it as their business increased. In the summer of 1826 their furnace was consumed by fire, with the neighboring grist-mUl and trip-hammer shop. They then purchased the water power on the east side of the paper-miU falls, and erected there a new furnace and machine shop on an extensive scale. Their principal business was the manufacture of stoves, which then went into all parts of the State and into Canada, where they had agencies for the sale of them. Rufus Wainwright, some years before his death, withdrew from the concern and devoted himself to his farm, and by his labor and counsel, and liberal contribution from his large estate, to the promotion of every important interest ; our literary and religious institutions and every im portant enterprise exhibit the effects of his large liberality." This business was continued by Jonathan Wainwright until his death. In the mean time they had purchased the Judge Painter residence, now occupied by Gardner Wainwright, which Rufus occupied until his death. They also built the large brick resi dence now occupied by A. J. Severance, where Jonathan lived until his death. The latter died in September, 1845, and Rufus in March, 1853. After the death of Jonathan Wainwright the furnace and machine shop were purchased by Jason Davenport, and the store which had been the place of business of the partners. Mr. Davenport carried on the stove and tinware manufacture on a large scale for that period. The manufacturing part of the business was long ago abandoned. The Star grist-mUl, on Mill street, is located in a building to which refer ence has been made, which was erected for Captain Moses Leonard in 1837, for use as a woolen-miU. It was changed to a grist-mill about 1870 by Caleb Ticknor and William Goodrich. C. C. Peck purchased it from Goodrich and leased it to W. W. Chapman in September, 1885. Great anticipations were once entertained of the future of the marble in dustry in this town. It can scarcely be said that they have been realized, al though it is not yet a settled question whether the marble deposit here will not some time develop into one of great value ; it is, however, the opinion of geol ogists and many experienced men that such will not be the case. The marble which has been taken from the quarries in this town is remarkably fine in text ure, much of it of beautiful white or variegated color, and takes a fine polish ; but it is believed by many that the very causes which operated to produce this fine texture, at the same time prevented the formation of large and flawless sections, which are necessary to successful working on a large scale. A great amount of labor and large sums of money have been expended in efforts to work the numerous quarries in this vicinity in successful competition with those of the Rutland district ; but it must be admitted that thus far aU of these at tempts have resulted in failure, and to-day there is not a quarry in the county that is in operation. Town of Middlebury. 329 In attempting to give a necessarily brief sketch of the very early marble in dustry of the town, we cannot do better than quote from Dr Swift's work. Therein he first quotes again from Professor Frederic HaU, writing in 1 821, as follows: "Proceeding down the creek on the west side, after passing two saw- mUls, two grist-mUls, a clothier's works and some other establishments of minor importance, you come to the marble factory. The marble in this village, which is now wrought on a large scale, and extensively diffused over the country, was discovered by Eben W, Judd, the present principal proprietor, as early as the year 1802. A building on a limited plan was erected, and machinery for saw ing the marble (the idea of which had its origin in the inventive mind of the proprietor) was then put in operation. In 1 806 a new and commodious build ing, two stories high, and destined to comprise sixty saws to be moved by water, was erected. In 1808 this enlarged establishment went into operation and has continued to the present day. The saws are made of soft iron, with out teeth, and are similar in form to those which are used in sawing marble by hand in the large cities in Europe. The softer they are the longer they last" " The marble until lately has been obtained chiefly from a quarry sit uated within a few feet of the mill. During three or four of the last years much has been procured at the time of low water, at the bottom of the creek, immediately above the falls. It is raised from its bed partly by means of wedges, but principally by blasting." " The marble, after being sawed into slabs, is manufactured into tomb-stones, currier's tables, jambs, mantel-pieces, hearths, window and door caps and sills, side-boards, tables, sinks and various other kinds of furniture. These articles are transported to Montreal, Quebec, Boston, New York and even Georgia. The machinery has sawn annually from five to ten thousand feet since the year 1808." This was the first manufacture of marble on an extensive scale in this State, and the machinery for sawing on the plan described was first operated by Dr Judd, forming the basis for the present enormous industry. In relation to Mr. Judd's labors in this direction, Dr Swift says in a foot note : " There is no doubt, we think, that Dr. Judd was the first to put in operation the machinery for sawing marble by water on this plan, now so extensively used through the country ; and it is the general understanding that he invented the machinery. But it is now said that Isaac Markham, who was afterwards known as a very ingenious mechanic, and then only ten years of age, first conceived the plan, and exhibited a model to Dr. Judd, who built his first experimental factory for the purpose of trying it This is now understood to be the fact by the family connections of Markham, and his mother, who was an observing and intelli gent woman, often so stated in her lifetime. And it is thought that was the reason Dr Judd did not then take out a patent for the invention. In 1822 he obtained a patent for machinery which he invented for raising and lowering the saws, as required in their operation. It is stated also on the same author- 330 History of Addison County. ity that about the same time two men were engaged secretly in contriving and building a picking machine. No persons were admitted to a sight of the ma chine, lest the secret should be discovered before a patent was obtained. But Isaac being a boy, was admitted without suspicion. When he went home he said he could contrive a better machine, and, with such tools and materials as he had, formed a model, which, it is said, was adopted by the men instead of their own. Dr. WilUam McLeod, of Poultney, a son of Mrs. McLeod, men tioned elsewhere, and a nephew of Isaac Markham, in a letter to his brother, Thomas H. McLeod, of this place dated March 1 1, 1859, says: ' In the year 1806 or 1807, when I first came to Middlebury, or shortly after, while Uncle Isaac Markham was living at his father's house, I frequently saw a model of what was called a stone saw-mill in a room he occupied as a shop. I also very well recollect of hearing the subject conversed upon in the family, and I feel confident by others also, for some time after, in reference to the machine or its principle having been taken or borrowed from his model and applied to a factory erected by Mr. Judd for sawing marble. I recollect hearing the subject of the invention of the picking machine conversed about at the time referred to. On another oc casion, when uncle was employed in Waltham, Mass., he, in showing me the machinery of the factory, referred to the picker, and remarked to me that he was the inventor, and also referred to his being the inventor of the machine for sawing marble.' " Mr. Judd was an ingenious and somewhat scientific man, and having been committed to the Uberties of the jail here on a United States court ^judgment, began to look about for a means of livelihood. In the spring of 1803, fore seeing, as he thought, the importance of the marble industry, he obtained from Appleton Foot a lease for 999 years of the right to dig marble on any part of his lot between his house and the creek, and the privUege of erecting a miU. He subsequently obtained a title to the land there, occupied the house which stood on it until he erected the large three-story brick residence now owned by H. L. Sheldon and others. Dr. Judd afterward purchased the quarry of black marble on the lake shore in Shoreham, which is described a little further on, from which he took a large quantity of stone, transported it by teams to Middlebury and manufactured it. In 1820 he associated with himself his son- in-law, Lebbeus Harris, and the industry became one of the leading ones in this section ; agencies were established in some of the large cities and in West ern New York, and the greatest promise of future magnitude seemed insured ; but in 1837 the business was abruptly closed by the death of both the part ners ; Mr Harris died in April and Mr. Judd in September, at the age of seventy-six. The marble- mill was not operated afterwards to any extent ; Nathaniel Harris, brother of Lebbeus, who had been connected with the in dustry, continued to manufacture marble on a small scale for a few years, but gave it up for the practice of dentistry. Daniel Judd, son of Dr. Judd, also Town of Middlebury. 331 continued in the marble business, and his son, E. W., is still carrying on the same business ; but none of these latter men ertgaged in quarrying The estate of Judd & Harris was settled, and Francis Slason bought the mill and works, operated them a short time, and gave it up. The mill had eight gangs of saws, and one of the quarries opened was about on the site of the Star grist-mill and another back of the cotton factory ; another in the bed of the creek. The principal quarries which have been opened and worked more or less in this town and vicinity may be briefly aUuded to. The quarry of black marble in Shoreham, which was opened in 1826 by Dr Judd, was one of the most prominent in the county for a considerable period, and it is believed by many to still be of great value. It was purchased in 1878 by Henry L. Sheldon and Phelps Nash, and it has lately passed to the ownership of the Florence & Wakefield Marble Company, who purpose to develop it in the near future. In the northeast part of the town, and near the northern limit of the white marble belt, is a quarry which was one of the earliest ones opened. Theo- datus Phelps was one of the first operators here, and built a mill with an undershot wheel and a single gang of saws. He was succeeded by David Ralph, who did a large business in the sale of window caps, thresholds and grave-stones. Ira E. Yale and Abel Spaulding next worked the quarry, and then Isaac Gibbs, who added the business of burning and selling Ume, using the refuse stone from the quarry. The property has since passed through the hands of Datus Garlick and A. J. Severance and the North Middlebury Mar ble Company, Mr. Severance having the superintendence ; this company built an eight-gang mill. Next the Middlebury Marble Company was organized, chiefly of Boston men, and Henry C. Cutter acted as treasurer and had a large interest. Another reorganization was subsequently effected, forming the Cutter Marble Company, with Barney S. Snow, of Boston, as treasurer, and Mr. Cut ter still retaining a prominent interest. The old cotton factory in the village was taken by this company and fitted up with machinery and facUities for manufacturing and finishing marble on a large scale. A new opening was made some distance south of the old quarry, and much beautiful marble was taken out ; but for several reasons, the principal one being the active competi tion of more fortunately situated deposits, and the general difficulty of pro curing large blocks of sound marble, which seems to prevail throughout the town, the business has never been very prosperous, and the company is now (1885) closing up its affairs. A little southward of the quarry just described is what has been known as the Addison County Quarry, which has also had a hfe of vicissitude in the hands of various persons and companies. It dates back to the days of Judge Doolittie and Ruloff Lawrence. E. L. Ormsbee and Francis Slason were early interested in it, but httie was done aside from digging a comparatively small hole. After lying dormant for years, the Addison County Marble Company 332 History of Addison County. was formed in 1866 with Wm. H. Ireland, of Boston, as treasurer, and about two years later A. F. Manley was made superintendent Active work was begun and a large quantity of stock was taken out, much of which was very fine. This product was sawed at Belden's Falls by the Belden's FaUs Com pany, which was organized chiefly to saw the marble from the quarry. A large mill was built and a branch raUroad for hauling the stone. At the end of one year the contract was abrogated by the latter company because, as said, the Belden's Falls Company demanded better terms, which the other company refused. They then began sawing the Pittsford marble and were sued by the Addison County Company. This company finally bought the entire property for about $35,000, which is said to have cost $ioo,ooo. The business was car ried on for a time, but the Utigation, the strong competition in Rutland county, and other causes, led to the temporary abandonment of the enterprise. The Belden's Falls Company also owned a quarry which had previously been unprofitably worked by Colonel Thomas A. Perkins, of Boston, and others, with Daniel Judd as superintendent. This property passed to the Ad dison County Company. As bearing directly upon the question of the value of the Middlebury marble, at least that one quarry, and particularly for statuary purposes, it is but just to history to give place to the following, which was furnished by Wm. H. Ireland, and relates to the Addison County Quarry above described : "This quarry is located about one and one-half miles from the center of the town and was opened by the company in 1866. After working it about four years they developed one of the best and purest veins of statuary marble ever found in this country ; its warm tint of a light flesh color, its transparency, freedom from lamination and close texture were acknowledged by all sculptors who had an opportunity of working it. The celebrated statue of ' Liberty,' made by Greenough for the Boston Latin School Association in 1870, and now situ ated in the lower hall of that building in Boston, was produced from this vein of marble, together with a number of portrait busts by the same artist. In letters to the treasurer of the company Mr. Greenough gives his opinion of this marble as follows : Newport, R. I., loth Jan'y, 1870. Wm. H. Ireland, Boston, Mass., Treasurer Addison County Marble Co. Dear Sir : — Yours of the 7th inst. reached me yesterday, and I should have answered it immediately, but I was much occupied in receiving and placing the marble of my statue. Since working the two blocks which I received from your quarry I have been confirmed in the good opinion I first expressed to you of the valuable qualities of your marble, the only marble of this country that I am yet acquainted with fit for the purposes of sculpture. Marble used in sculpture is known by its quality and character. Its quality is rated according to its fine ness and firmness of grain and freedom from spots. Its character depends upon its freedom from faults, such as cracks, sand holes and foreign substances. A marble may be of excellent character if second quality, or faulty character if first quality. All the marble that I have seen brought from the Addison county quarry for the purposes of sculpture is of first quality, and the character of the blocks which I have used is perfectly Town of Middlebury. 333 satisfactory to me for color, texture and durability. The richness of its color is that of an old, well-preserved statue, and as I am assured it bleaches without softening in the sun, it seems to meet the requirement of one who said that "we ought to be born old and die young." Its grain or te.xture is as fine as is desirable, and much resembles the " Pentelic " marble. It is admirably adapted to flesh, and receives a high polish. In conclusion let me say that it is the only raarble, native or foreign, that I should be will ing to place out of doors in our climate. It is not the metallic ring and firmness under the chisel that gives me confidence in this respect, but from observing how sound it was in its native bed, where it had been exposed to the changes of the seasons for ages. I remain yours very truly, Richard S. Greenough. At a later date the artist wrote as follows : Newport, Jan'y 17, 1870. William H. Ireland, Esq. Dear Sir: — Since I wrote in reply to your question concerning the "color, texture and durability " of your marble, I have been working upon the statue, and am delighted to be able to say that highly as I thought of the marble in which the bust was executed, this last block quite exceeds my expectations ; I have no hesitation in assuring you that I prefer it to any marble I have ever used, and as I have always worked in the best marble of Carrara and Ser- ravezza, I cannot say more in its praise. I would mention among the many valuable qualities of your marble its entire freedom from sand holes ; a fault most frequent among the best Italian marbles, and one which has obliged me to throw aside many blocks. I have never yet seen one in Middlebuiy marble, Y'ours very truly, Richard S. Greenough. " It would seem that this valuable quarry of marble should be worked, if only for statuary purposes, as when last worked the vein was uncovered to a depth of forty feet and is three feet thick, from which statues and other works of art could be executed of any reasonable size." The Foot Street Quarry, as it is known, is about three-quarters of a mile farther south, in the same range of the marble deposit ; it is about two and a half miles east of Middlebury village. This quarry was first opened by Wm. Barnes and Charles G. White, as superintendents for Perry Fletcher, John and Dugald Stewart, Rufus Wainwright, W. P. Nash and Phelps Nash, who pur chased in 1859 a large tract of land. Two openings were made and some marble taken out of a nearly white color and good texture, but it was generally lacking in soundness. The quarry was operated to some extent for a few years and then leased to others. Work was finally abandoned as unprofitable. R. L. Wainwright is the present agent of the property. An opening was made about 1850 a mile north of Middlebury by William Y. Ripley, but it was abandoned after one season of work, chiefly on account of unsoundness in the deposit. The Toledo Company, composed largely of Toledo men, opened a quarry some twenty years ago directly east of the Addison County Company's quar ry ; William Mulchahey, of Middlebury, was superintertdent. It was operated two or three years, the product consisting of white, water-colored and clouded marble of a pretty good character ; it was mainly sent west. This company 22 334 History of Addison County. rented a miU two mUes north of their quarry, which was built by the Cheshire Marble Company. The Toledo Company was forced to abandon its enterprise as unprofitable. The Cheshire Company was formed at about the same time as the Addison County Company, and opened a quarry and built a mill. It operated a few years and abandoned the business as unprofitable. It will be readily seen by the foregoing pages that the marble industry in this county is now at a low ebb. What its future, particularly its distant future, may be is largely a matter of conjecture. Men of experience in hand ling marble and working quarries are confident that when the capital is forth coming for more extensive and deeper workings, a deposit will be found out rivaling the best products of other locaUties, which now have a practical mo nopoly of the business ; at the same time men of broad scientific knowledge, who have made this particular subject one of deep study, do not hesitate to express their belief that the marble deposit of this county is too much affected by unsoundness to ever be worked with much profit. It must be admitted that the general manufacturing interests of the town have not improved since the early years as they might have done under a more liberal appreciation of their value to the town and to their projectors, and of the water power here. A few other minor establishments demand attention. In the fall of 185 1 N. H. Hand purchased the former marble factory of Mr. Judd and established a pail factory, to which he added a saw-mill. When this factory was worked to its full capacity it was capable of turning out six hun dred pails daily. The establishment within a few years passed into possession of J. M. Slade & Co. It has since passed through many changes which need not be noted, and is now owned by A, P. Tupper. The Middlebury woolen mills were built in 1840 and were operated not long afterward by the Middlebury Woolen Company. In 1867 Chadwick Brothers took the property under a lease and have since carried ort a success ful business. They manufacture fancy cassimeres, which are sold in New York, In 1880 H. J. Chadwick purchased the factory. In the fall of 1883 the Green Mountain Pulp Company was orgartized, at which time what is known as their number one mill was in process of erection at the falls a little below Middlebury village. The company was at that time also rurtning one machine in the manufacture of wood pulp, where a rude structure had been erected to test the Cartmell patent wood pulp-grinder ; this machine proved a success ; the first wheel, which is still running, has been in operation about three and a half years, day and night, with little repairs. The company is now running eight of these machines, four in the number one miU, on the old paper-mill site before mentioned, and four in their new mill on the upper Weybridge falls ; the first-named mill has a capacity of eighteen tons and the other of twenty tons of pulp daily. This is one of the most impor- Town of Middlebury, 335 tant industries of this section. The present officers are A. H. Fisher, presi dent; A. N, Burbank, treasurer The firm of Smith & AUen (Clinton Smith and W. H. Allen) are architects, contractors and buUders, and manufacture house finishing materials, sash, doors, etc. The firm was formed in 1875 and built their present shops in 1881. The court-house, town hall, Beckwith's block, and many other of the finest build ings irt the county were erected by this firm. Henry Langworthy runs a foundry and machine-shop near the railroad track. Colonel A. S. Tracey, Wallace Dewey and MersUle & Hayes, carry on wagon-making to some extent, and T. Kidder and Solomon Lapire manufac ture and seU harness, etc. Other industries wiU be noted in the account of East Middlebury. Financial. — At the session of the Legislature which convened in Middle bury in 1806 a law was passed establishing a State bank, with two branches, one at Middlebury and one at Woodstock, and appointing directors. Daniel Chipman, Horatio Seymour and John Willard were the directors for this branch. Titus Hutchinson, of Woodstock, was chosen president, and Dr. William G. Hooker, cashier. All business was then done in the institution on the State credit, no capital being paid in. According to Dr. Swift, " the pe cuniary condition and habits of the people were hardly adapted to the long continuance of a bank on such principles. It was an agricultural country, and too remote from market for readily converting its produce into money, which of course was scarce. The country was in debt, and punctuality was not to be expected from the habits of the people. The traffic was generally con ducted, among farmers and mechanics, by an exchange of their respective pro duction, and the foreign goods were generally paid for in the same articles. These were transported by the merchants to market twice a year, to pay for their goods. Notes were generally made payable in cattle or grain, or other specific articles ; and, when payable in money, they were not generally con strued according to their tenor, but according to the convenience of the makers if the patience of the creditor was not sooner exhausted. Notes taken to the bank for loans too generally received the same construction. But the Legis lature, at their next session, established two new branches at Burlington and Westminster. " The directors did what they could to supply their vaults with specie to meet the pressing demands upon them, by exchanging their bills for gold and silver, and by inducing persons wanting accommodations to refund their loans in specie. The Legislature also adopted various measures to keep up the credit of the bUls and enforce greater punctuaUty. Among others to promote the former object, they passed an act at their session in 1 809, and others after wards, making the bills a ' lawful tender ' in payment of all land taxes. And to promote the latter, at their session in 18 10 they passed an act authorizing 336 History of Addison County. the cashiers, instead of the regular but slow course of law, forthwith to issue executions on all notes unpaid." But all efforts made to float the institution were unavailing and it was ap parently approaching dissolution, when, in the summer of 1812, the banking house was entered by a false key, and a large amount of money, bills in sheets and other valuables stolen. No trace of the perpetrators of the crime was ever discovered ; but the key was subsequentiy found crowded above a rafter in the attic of a house in the village. In 1 8 1 3 the bank was closed by the Legisla ture, and agents appointed from time to time to properly wind up its affairs. On the loth day of November, 183 1, a charter was granted by the Legis lature to the " president, directors and company of the Bank of Middlebury," with a capital of $100,000, to be managed by seven directors. Thirty dollars on each share was to be called in. The existence of this institution was lim ited to fifteen years. William Nash was chosen president and Joseph Warren cashier. Mr Nash continued in his office during the life of the original char ter, when he was succeeded by Paris Fletcher. At the session of the Legisla ture of 1 845 the charter was renewed for fifteen years ; other renewals have been made and in AprU, 1885, the charter was extended for twenty years. The institution has always been wisely and safely managed and now stands high throughout the county. In 1865 it was incorporated as the National Bank of Middlebury, with a capital of $200,000. In January, 1882, A. A. Pletcher was made president, Calvin Hill, being then and now the vice-presi dent Charles E. Pinney was made cashier in April, 1885, succeeding John G. Wellington. The Middlebury Savings Bank was incorporated November 12, 1836, and for about twenty years was a successful and well-managed institution ; but an unfortunate investment in railroad bonds and other causes rertdered the bank insolvent and it did not resume business. Attorneys. — The town of Middlebury, being the county seat, has naturally been the residence of many of the ablest lawyers of the county and several who have gained a State or national reputation. Of many of these the reader will find sketches prepared by Judge J. D. Smith in the preceding chapter on the bar of the county, among them being Samuel S. Phelps, Dorastus Wooster, Samuel MUler, Daniel Chipman, Horatio Seymour, William Slade, Joel and Charles Linsley, Edward D. Barber, Julius A, Beckwith, Dugald Stewart, Peter Starr, and others whose brilliant talents won in past years high honors in law and pohtics. It remains for us here to pay brief tributes to other members of the profession, both dead and living, who have practiced here. Beaumont Parks practiced here several years and removed to Indiana • he was admitted to the bar in 1 8 1 1 . Robert B. Bates was admitted here in 18 13 and practiced fifteen or twenty years ; represented the town six years, three of which he served as speaker. He removed to Albany and later to New York, where he died. -¦^Lim^Ml njjiy •.'-^¦r-c^riwCj.Bjjsi ¦¦; JEto? Ul a-B TIM! Sons. Ifmir : ^^1-: Town of Middlebury. 337 Hon. George Chipman, son of Hon. Daniel Chipman, was admitted in 1821 j practiced with his father at first and for some twenty years in all ; was State's attorney from 1827 to 1830 inclusive. After a short residence in Canada he returned to Ripton and was judge ofthe county from 1846 to 1849. He re moved to Washington. Erastus W. Drury was admitted to the bar in June, 1836. When he came to Middlebury, a few years earlier, he acted as editor of a newspaper, at the same time studying law ; he was postmaster six years directiy after his admis sion to the bar. He afterwards practiced a few years, principally with Charles Aiken ; they both subsequently removed to Wisconsin. Ozias Seymour, son of Hon. Horatio Seymour, graduated from Middlebury College in 1820; studied in the Litchfield Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1824. He continued in practice during most of his life, a part of the time with his father. He was chosen State's attorney for six years from 1839, and was a member of the constitutional convention of 1850. He died in this village in 1861. William F. Bascom graduated from Middlebury College in 1838, and was for several years a tutor in that institution ; he was afterwards principal of va rious literary institutions and also of the Female Seminary in this village ; was admitted to the bar in 1855 and in 1857 removed to Minnesota, but returned to Middlebury in 1859 and resumed practice, which he continued four years. The following are brief notes of the attorneys who are now in practice in Middlebury : John W. Stewart, son of Ira Stewart, graduated at Middlebury College in 1847, and immediately began study in the office of Hon. Horatio Seymour. He was licensed in 1 849 and at once opened an office ; he has ever sirtce had an extensive practice. He has been honored with many high offices, the duties of which have been performed in a most efficient manner. He was State's attorney three years from 185 1, and has repeatedly represented his town in the Legislature. In 1870 he was elected governor of the State, and outside of political life has always occupied a very prominent position in the commu nity. His interest in educational matters has ever been paramount, and he officiated for many years as secretary of Middlebury CoUege. (See biography in later pages.) Philip Battell came to Middlebury from Cleveland, Ohio, where he had been in practice and was admitted to the bar in December, 1839 ; he was a graduate of Middlebury CoUege in class of 1826. He has not devoted himself to active practice in later years, preferring the pleasanter paths of literary labor and leis ure. He has given much attention to local history and is, perhaps, the best authority in the county on such subjects ; he may also be called the father of the Middlebury Historical Society. He is son-in-law of Hon. Horatio Seymour. Joseph Battell, a resident of the village, is his son. Emerson R. Wright graduated from Middlebury College in 1838 and stud- 338 History of Addison County. led law with Edward D. Barber, and was hcensed in 1842. He began prac tice as a partner of Mr. Barber, and soon after separated and continued practice alone. In his old age he has largely reUnquished active business. He was post master under President Pierce. Rufus Wainwright, son of Rufus, sr, before mentioned, was graduated at Middlebury College in 1852, having prepared himself at the Addison County Grammar School. He was admitted to the bar in December, 1856, and opened his office in the rooms occupied by JuUus A. Beckwith, who was his brother- in-law. Since April, 1870, he has held the office of clerk ofthe County Court Loyal D. Eldredge, born February 5, 1831, graduated at Middlebury Col lege in 1857; studied law with WUliam Nutting, of Randolph, Vt., and R. C. Benton, of Lamoille county; he was admitted there in November, 1859. He began practice in Grand Isle county as a partner of the late Giles Harrington, and remained there until October, 1862 ; he then came to Middlebury and was connected with the internal revenue service until 1 867, when he became a part ner with John W. Stewart; this connection continued until 1880. His present partner is James M. Slade. Mr. Eldredge was State's attorney of Grand Isle county in 1861-62 ; senator in 1876-77, and assistant assessor of internal revenue for his district from 1864 to 1879, and from 1870 to 1874 was deputy collector. (For a record of the Eldredge family see history of New Haven herein.) James M. Slade was born in Middlebury June 27, 1844; attended a course of lectures in the Albany Law School, having previously, in 1867, graduated from Middlebury College; he was admitted in December, 1868 ; was elected to the Legislature in 1874-75 and was secretary of civil and miUtary affairs from 1870 to 1872 ; from 1870 to 1874 he was deputy collector of internal revenue, and State's attorney from 1878 to 1882. Mr. Slade is a grandson of Governor Wm. Slade, and son of James M. Slade, and nephew of Hon. Wm. Slade, present consul of the United States at Brussels, Belgium. Lyman E. Knapp was born in Somerset, Windham county, Vt, November 5, 1837; educated at Burr Seminary, Manchester, and graduated at Middle bury College in 1862. Studied law in Middlebury and admitted in 1876; practiced here since 1879. He entered the service ofthe country a captain of Company I, Sixteenth Regiment Volunteers ; was subsequently captain of Company F, Seventeenth Regiment, and promoted to major, and from that office to lieutenant-colonel. He had been judge of probate for the Addison District since 1879, and town clerk since March, 1879; was clerk ofthe House in 1872 ; chairman ofthe Republican Countj' Committee about ten years. He edited the Register for thirteen years, leaving it in 1879. Henry S. Foote was born in New Haven, Vt, in 1837 ! studied law with Governor Stewart, after graduating from Middlebury College in 1857; was ad mitted to the bar in 1 860 ; has been State's attorney three consecutive years, Town of Middlebury. 339 and register of probate. Was a partner with Governor Stewart from 1 862 to 1867, when he went to Providence for one year; from 1871 to 1882 he was in New York city, returning thence to this village. A. P. Tupper was born in Middlebury April 24, 1835 ; studied law with Ozias Seymour, and admitted to the bar in about 1858. He practiced at East Middlebury untU 1874, since which time he has been in active practice here. Thomas H. McLeod was born in Elizabethtown, N. Y., March 3, 1823 ; studied law with Horatio and Ozias Seymour; was admitted in 1859; gradu ated at Middlebury College in 1854 and has ever since his admission practiced here. Charles M. Wilds was born in Bristol in February, 1856; graduated at Middlebury College in 1875, studied law in BurUngton, and was admitted to the Addison county bar in 1880; is now in the office of Governor Stewart J. E. Stapleton was born in Albany, N. Y., 185 i, studied with Stewart & Eldredge, and was admitted in 1877. Physicians. — In the preceding chapter devoted to the medical profession of the county will be found sketches of Drs. Wm. Bass, Zacheus Bass, Jona- thart A. Allen, Oliver B. Norton, Ralph Gowdey, Stephen P. Lathrop, Charles C. P. Clark, Edward Tudor, Wm. P. Russel, and a few others whose promi nence and ability have lent distinction to the profession in this town. Below we give brief notes of the present physicians of Middlebury : Dr. M. H. Eddy was born in Winhall, Bennington county, Vt, January 25, 1833; was educated in the common and select schools, and graduated at Mid dlebury College in the class of 1 860 ; he studied medicine at Harvard and the University of Vermont, and graduated in 1865. He has been in practice in Middlebury since 1866. He was delegate to the National Medical Convention in Chicago in 1877, from the Vermont State Society, and delegate to the State Medical Society of New York, and has received other similar professional honors. Dr. Edward O. Porter was born in CornwaU, Vt., December 12, 1836; edu cated in common schools, and at a high school in Troy ; studied medicine with his father, Marcus O. Porter, and at the Castleton Medical CoUege ; graduated in 1859. He practiced one year in Cornwall, and entered the army as assistant surgeon of the Fifth Regiment, and later held the same position in the Eleventh Regiment He served the term and afterwards practiced in Corn waU until 1878, since which time he has been in practice in this town. Dr B. F. Sutton was born in Shelburne, Vt, in 1835; was educated at the Barre Academy and studied his profession in the medical department of the University of Vermont, graduating in i860. He practiced in Alsted, N. H., and then irt Stowe, Vt After ten years at the latter place he came to Mid dlebury, and has been irt practice here since, Dr E. P. Russel, son of Dr Wm. P. Russel, was born in Middlebury July 340 History of Addison County. 27, 1840 ; educated at Burr Seminary and the Middlebury Academy ; studied medicine irt the University of Vermont, graduating in 1 866. He began prac tice here and a year and a half later went to CouncU Bluffs, where he remained six years ; he has been here since. He served as hospital steward in the First Vermont Regiment and was first lieutenant of Company E, Fifth Regiment, for three years. Dr M, D. Smith, homceopath, was born in Addison, AprU, 27, 1848, and was educated at the common and select schools ; he graduated at the Eclectic Medical College in PhUadelphia in 1870; practiced in Pennsylvania until 1874, coming thence to Addison, where he remained to 1881. He then attended lectures in New York in Bellevue Hospital, and after the course practiced in West CornwaU; he matriculated at Hahnnemann College in 1883, graduating in 1884. The Dental Profession. — Some of those who practiced dentistry in Mid dlebury in early years have been mentioned. Henry Kingsley was here in the business many years ago and before the late war, and followed it some twenty years. Nathaniel Harris practiced from 1843 to 1878. W. H. Kingsley was born in Brandon June 13, 1850; studied his profession in New York, and in Paris, France, and in this town. He practiced first in Europe and came here in 1876. Dr L. E. Mellen was born in Washington, N. H., October 18, 1848; studied in HiUsboro, N. H., and graduated at the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in 1875; practiced in Keene, N. H., three years, and here since. east middlebury. This pretty little village is situated in the southeastern part of the town on Middlebury River, its site (or the principal part of it) occupying lots 34 and 35 and the mill lot pitched by Joshua Hyde. Middlebury River runs through the viUage, the rapid descent of its bed at this point furnishing a most valuable water power. Many of the early settlements in this vicinity have already been sufficiently dwelt upon in preceding pages. The first utilization of the exten sive water power here was the erection of John Foot's saw-miU irt 1 790. In the following year he built a house for his miller, who was Nathan Carpenter, and he occupied the house with his family ; he was father of Nathan and Gid eon Carpenter, and his was the first family to settle here. Joshua Hyde and Eber Everts then owned the mill lot and they deeded one-half of it to Foot, who then lived on the west side of the faUs in Cornwall, in consideration of his erecting the mill. Hyde soon afterward built a miU on what has been known as the upper dam. In 1 8 1 1 Foot moved from New Haven, as stated in earher pages, to the East Middlebury mill lot, rebuilt the saw-miU, and successively erected works for dressing cloth and cardirtg wool, a grist-mill and a gambrel- D. Smith, M.D. Town of Middlebury. 341 roofed house a little south of Mr. Farr's tavern, in which he lived several years. Ephraim Jones, who had previously erected for the Vermont Glass Com pany a large factory at Lake Dunmore in Salisbury, and desired to extend his operations, built at East Middlebury, in 18 12, a httie west of Farr's hotel a large circular brick structure for manufacturing glassware. He also erected near by two dwelling houses for his workmen and another building for a store and office. At that period it was confidently expected that the extensive water power and other advantages would build up here a large manufacturing center ; in this belief Mr Foot built the large tavern, which has ever since been used as such. He kept it as a public house several years. This house was purchased in 1850 by Royal D. Farr, who has kept it ever since, but has recently turned the active management over to his son Frank. The manufacture of glass in this vicinity was not a great success, and its failure led to a cessation in growth at East Middlebury. Mr Foot, however, after a period of idleness in his works, rebuilt his grist-mill and repaired his other establishments. He died in 1849 at the age of eighty-four years. Daniel L. Sessions settled at East Middlebury in 1821 ; he was the father of Hiram and George Sessions, now prominent farmers of the town. Mr. Ses sions and Norman Tupper gave Dr. Swift the foUowing information ofthe place at that date : " In 1 82 1 there were ten dwelling houses and a somewhat larger number of families. At this time the number of dwelling houses, in the compact part of the village, is fifty. " Some of the houses being occupied by more than one family, the number of famiUes is larger." Darius Tupper, father of Norman Tupper, settled very early in Chittenden county and removed from there to Middlebury, and for some years kept a tav ern on premises now occupied by C. P. Austin. His son Norman was a man of natural inventive genius and without doubt was the first to apply machinery to the manufacture of doors and window sash. He built a factory at East Mid dlebury in 1827, and set up machinery for this purpose, which was successfully operated ; he was associated with Archelaus Tupper and Charles Nichols. The factory was run by different persons until 1852, when it was burned and A. P. Tupper, of Middlebury, rebuilt it, and it is now operated by Austin Peck. It is believed also that Mr Tupper was the first person to graft teeth on a circu lar plate for a saw, and that he rart the first circular saw-miU in the world. Mr. Tupper died in February, 1880. These and succeeding manufacturing operations kept up quite a steady growth in the village. In the year 1850, accordirtg to an enumeration by Da vid S. Church, the population numbered four hundred and thirty. The follow ing description of the place was written by Dr Swift in 1850 : " At the upper dam are a forge and saw-miU, owned by Israel Davey. Next 342 History of Addison County. below is the tannery, owned by Horace, son of Periey Enos, who first estab lished it many years ago, and a shop owned by David Olmstead, with machirt-' ery for boring, sawing, and turuing timber for wagons, which he manufactures. On the south side of the river are a saw-mill, belonging to the estate of Nor man Boardman, and a machine for sawing shingles, owned by George Champ lin. Still lower is a shop owned by Kneeland and Waldo Olmstead, for the manufacture of wagons, and machinery for fitting the timber for them, sup plied by water from the river by a tube. Next below this is a grist-mill owned by Norman Tupper, esq., built in 1850, and below this is a sash factory owned by Almon P. Tupper, and a factory for sawing and fitting barrel staves for the Boston market, owned by E. Hayward & Co. The three last-mentioned works are furnished with water conducted by a canal, without any dam across the river." Among the early merchants at East Middlebury were Needham & Dennis (Levi Needham and Allen Dennis) ; our informant thinks they were the first to carry on a regular trade. They were succeeded by Alvin Johnson ; he was followed by Alonzo Cook, Elias Persons, M. K. Day, and Perkins & Stearns (Rufus L. Perkins and Elliot N. Stearns), who built the brick store. They traded until Gustavus Perkins took the store, and he was succeeded by P. M. Champlin, Ezra Wood, and Wood & Manning ; Smith & Downing, Partridge & Bush and William H. Eldredge also traded here and were succeeded by M. K. Day, and the latter by M. E. Day, the present merchant The store at the forge was kept by Israel Davey and B. S. Nichols, M. K. Day, S. G. Tisdale, Henry Persons, and possibly others. J. C. Champlin began trade here in the brick store twenty-six years ago, and removed to his present buUding, which he erected in 1865 ; he has been in business continuously since his first start Paul Champlin came here about 1777, and settled at East Middlebury on the farm now owned by O. P. Champ lin ; he died in 1853. J. P. Champlin is a son of Paul; Hiram H., another son, lived here and ran the mills built by John Foot from about 1828 to 1843, George Champlin also operated them for a time. Hiram went to Wisconsin, and died there. John Champlin, living in the town, is another son of Paul. Walter Olmstead was an early settler where his son Waldo lives, in the village; JuUus, a carpenter living north of the village, is another son. Luman Cogs well, father of Eber, now living here, was also a very early settler here. The forge at East Middlebury was originally built by Roger Nobles ; it stood about half a mile above the present one. This went to ruin, and the present one was erected, but the date of its building we have been unable to obtain ; it was operated by Slade & Farr, and by Israel Davey and B. S. Nich ols ; it is now in possession of Andrew Williams and Mr. Nichols, with Hervey J. Nichols as agent The ore used comes across the lake from Essex courtty, N. Y,, and excellent iron is manufactured. Town of Middlebury. 343 Periey Enos built a tannery here early in the century, which passed to his son Horace, as stated by Dr. Swift Charles F. Partridge had it later, and built a saw-miU near by. He sold out to George Ladd and Mr Gleason. They continued it a number of years, when it was abandoned. Israel F. Enos built another tannery many years ago, which went into the hands of Norman Tupper, who was father-in-law of Enos, and it was changed to a grist-mill. Enos rart the grist-mill until it was sold to Lewis Russell ; it then passed to Spencer & Clough, then to Spencer alone, and from him to Levi Needham ; he did not succeed in paying for it and it reverted to Spencer, and from him to W. L. Belknap, who buUt the present mill in 1879; it is now operated by Wallace W. Chapman under a lease. It is known as the Eureka miU. S. G. Tisdale built his present saw-miU in 1880; there has been a mill on this site from the early settlement which has passed through various hands. E. J. Olmstead carries on wagon-making here, succeeding his father, who be gan in 1835. Post-office. — The post-office of East Middlebury was established January 29, 1834, with Timothy Matthews, jr, as the first postmaster; in November, 1837, he was succeeded by Levi Needham, and he by O. P. Torrance in AprU, 1846; Mr. Needham again took the office in 1850, and was succeeded by Royal D. Farr in 1854. J. P. Champlin then had the office fourteen years, and was succeeded by M. E. Day, for eight years. The present postmaster is Julius A. Douglass, who has recently accepted the office. educational. The first schools in this town, like those of most of the new settlements in the county, were small as to numbers and scholars and their accommodations of the most primitive kind. The first school-house bulk, and the two first schools opened in town for children, were those mentioned in the statement of Miss Torrance, irt the south part of the town, where the principal settlements then were. The first school in the neighborhood of the viUage was kept by Mrs. Goodrich, wife of WiUiam Goodrich, esq., about the year 1791. They then resided in a house on the rising ground east of Dr Bass's, and her school was a small school-house on the opposite side of the road. The first official act of the town on the subject of schools was a vote in December, 1790, to divide the town into four school districts. Votes were afterwards passed, from time to time, increasing the number and changing the boundaries of the dis tricts. Some of these changes may be worth recording here : In 1792 what was known as the northwest district was divided into two. In 1796 it was voted that the middle and south districts be divided, if the selectmen think best In 1 8 10 it was voted "that the neighborhood of Samuel Wright be set off into a school district," and the selectmert were given authority to "regulate the school districts where the people are complaining in said town." In 181 5 344 History of Addison County. all that part of " Middlebury west of the creek" was made the "western vil lage school district" In 1822 a committee, previously appointed for the pur pose, reported on chartging boundaries of districts, so that there were nine in the town; in the same year district rtumber ten was created. In 1829 a dis trict was laid out between numbers two and eight, makirtg eleven districts in the town. This number remained, with minor changes of bouudaries, for rtearly twenty years ; in 1 847 a new district was made by the division of num ber seven, and in 1850 the thirteenth was created by dividing number two. The number was afterwards reduced to eleven. Addison County Grammar School and the Graded School. — The Legislature- established a grammar school in Middlebury by an act passed November 8, 1797, under the corporate name of the " Corporation of the Addison County Grammar School." Full powers were granted to the corporation to acquire and hold the neces sary estate, and for other purposes necessary for sustaining a permanent school -, and to hold and use all the lands in the county reserved and appropriated for that use in the charters granted by the State. The trustees appointed by the act were Gamaliel Painter, Seth Storrs, Samuel Miller, Daniel Chipman and Darius Matthews. The trustees are authorized to add to their number ; but the whole number is not to exceed twelve. A proviso is added to the act,. " that the inhabitants of Middlebury, aud such others as may voluntarily sub scribe therefor, shall build and finish a good and sufficient house for said gram mar school, of the value of one thousand dollars, by the next stated session of the Legislature, and shall forever after keep the same in good repair." The inhabitants immediately set themselves to work to fulfiU the condition, but did not limit their expenditures to one thousand dollars. The design was already formed to establish a college and provide a building which would accommo date such an institution, at least for a time. Accordingly a subscriptiort was raised in this and the neighborirtg towrts, and the wooden building afterward used for the college, eighty by forty, and three stories high, was completed in 1798, within the time limited by the act. It was divided into convenient rooms for students, with a public room for a chapel and other uses in the cen ter of the upper story. The land on which the building, together with the extensive grounds con nected with it, was, in July, 1800, and previous to the charter of the college,. deeded to the corporation by Seth Storrs, Darius Matthews, Appleton Foot, Stillman Foot, and Anthony Rhodes. Most of the land was owned by Colonel Storrs; but the grounds embraced smaU pieces belonging to the other grantors. Rev. Jeremiah Atwater, of New Haven, Conn,, was appointed principal of the grammar school, in anticipation of his becoming president of the college, when estabUshed. UntU 1805 both institutions were contirtued in the same buUding, and President Atwater contirtued nominally principal of the academy. Town of Middlebury. 345 although the instruction was given by a tutor or other officer of the college. At that time the preparatory school was removed to the building erected for the Female Seminary, that institution being vacant in consequence of the death of Miss Strong. The grammar school was a successful and most beneficial institution dur ing its long existence ; but the time finaUy came when it seemed desirable to supersede it by a school based on a little different system. On the 20th of February, 1867, a resolution was passed at a special meeting of the corpora tion of the school, in effect that the grammar school leave to district number four in the village all the real estate, and confer on the district the right to make such disposition of the building thereon as should be judged for its inter est; that the district " shaU within one year from May ist next commence the erection of a suitable building for the purposes of a graded school and proceed with reasonable dispatch to its completion, and maintain a graded school, the higher department of which shall embrace adequate instructiort in all branches taught in well-conducted academies and high schools. That the prudential committee of the district and an equal number of the trustees of the grammar school chosen by themselves from among their number, shall together consti tute a board who shaU have the joint management of the higher department of this school." This committee was H. D. Kitchel, H. A. Sheldon, Dugald Stewart, John W. Stewart, and W. H. Parker. The petition which led to this consolidation was dated October 16, 1866. In carrying out the plans of the new management the new building was pro jected. A committee was appointed, consisting of J. W. Stewart, Jason Daven port, Justus Cobb, Rufus Mead, J. M. Slade, Harry Langworthy, and Wm. P. Russel, to nominate a committee to report a plan ; the latter committee were Harvey D. Kitchel, J. W. Stewart, E. Vallett, Calvin Hill, J. M. Slade. The' committee of architecture was the same men. The building was erected in 1868 and is a credit to the county in all re spects; the cost of the building, grounds, etc., was about $33,000, which has been nearly doubled since that time by additions, furnishing, apparatus, etc. The old wood building formerly used for the grammar school was subsequently demohshed. C. D. Mead, A. M., is the present principal of the school, and is aided by an efficient corps of assistartts, whose efforts give the institution an enviable standing throughout the State. The following list shows the names of those who were members of the old grammar school corporation and the graded school, with dates of erttry and re tirement : GamaUel Painter, 1797-1819; Seth Storrs, 1797-183 7; Samuel Mil ler, 1 797- 1 8 10; Daniel Chipman, 1797- 1844; Darius jMatthews, 1797-18 19; Thomas A. Merrill, 1810-1855 ; Joshua Bates, 1820-1843 ; Wm. Slade, 1820- 1826; Joel H. Linsley, 1820-1826; Peter Starr, 1826-1860; Jonathan Hagar, 346 History of Addison County. 1826-1855; Samuel Swift, 1826-1867; Horatio Seymour, 1828-1857; Joel Doolittle, 1828-1841 ; Ira Stewart, 1828-1855 ; John Simmons, 1828-1829; Wm. Bass, 1828-1851; Benjamin Labaree, 1841-1865; Solomon Stoddard, 1841-1847; Charles Linsley, 1844-1858; Wm. Nash, 1 844-1 872 ; Solomon Jewett, 1844-1858; Wm. H. Parker, 1852; Wm. M. Bass, 1855-1866; George N. Boardman, 1855-1861 ; Johrt W. Stewart, 1855 ; Julius A. Beckwith, 1855- 1857; Joseph Steele, 1858-1872; H. A. Sheldon, 1861-1870; Dugald Stewart, 1863-1870; Edward H. Denison, 1863-1864; Charles Linsley, 1 863-1 863 ; Harvey D. Kitchel, 1866-1873 ; Henry Lane, 1869; Rufus Wainwright, 1869; Henry M. Seely, 1871 ; Edwin Vallett, 1871 ; B. S. Beckwith, 1874; Lyman E. Knapp, 1884; Wm. W. Eaton 1884. Middlebury College. — The extended space already necessarily given up to the history of this important town renders it imperative to abridge our account of this college, the history of its earUer years being condensed from that of Judge Swift irt the work from which we have so often quoted. The early resi dents of Middlebury were men who knew the great importance of prominent educational institutions in their midst, and efforts were made while the town and vUlage were yet thinly populated to embody their intelligent ideas in perma nent and practical form. As delineating the early steps in this direction. Judge Swift quotes from the Record of Travels of Dr Dwight in this region in 1798, as follows : " An academy was nearly completed, which was intended to be the germ of a future college." " The evening of the 30th (of September) I spent in company with a number of gerttlemen, in a consultatiou concerning this pro jected seminary, at the house of S. MiUer, esq. They informed me that a col lege was already incorporated in the State, the intended seat of which was to be Burlington ; that it had been incorporated some years and was liberally en dowed ; but that, for various reasons, which were specified, nothing material had been done toward carrying it into operation ; that although some indecisive efforts had been made by the trustees soon after their appointment, all its con cerns had for a considerable time been at a stand ; that there was now less rea son to expect any efficacious efforts from those gerttlemen than there had been heretofore, as they themselves appeared to have relinquished both exertion and hope. The gentlemen then explained to me their own views of the im portance of such an institution to their State ; the propriety of making this town the seat of it ; their own intentions, and the wishes of many respectable people in the State, who coirtcided with them in the opinion which they had expressed to me. When they had unfolded their views I frankly communi cated to them my own ; and have since had rto reason to complain that they were disregarded. I will only add, that the local situation of Middlebury, the sober and religious character of the iuhabitants, their manners and various other circumstances render it a very desirable seat for such a seminary." In 181 1, after his visits of 1806 artd 18 10, he makes the foUowirtg record : Town of Middlebury. 347 "The academy, which I have mentioned above, began to prosper from the time when it was opened ; and was in the year 1 800 raised by an act of incor poration into a college. From that time to the present it has continued to pros per ; although all its funds have been derived from private donations, and chiefly, if not wholly, from the inhabitants of this town. The number of stu dents is now one hundred and ten ; probably as virtuous a collection of youths as can be found iu any seminary in the world. The faculty consists of a presi dent, a professor of law, a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, who teaches chemistry also, a professor of languages and two tutors. The in habitants of Middlebury have lately subscribed 8,000 dollars for the purpose of erecting another collegiate building. When it is remembered that twenty-five years ago this spot was a wilderness, it must be admitted that these efforts have done the authors of them the highest honor." These extensive quotations will save the necessity of saying more relating to the origin of the institution. On the first day of November, 1800, an act was passed by the Legislature estabUshing a college under a corporation by the name of the " President and Fellows of Middlebury College." Rev. Jere miah Atwater, who had officiated as principal of Addison County Grammar School, was by the act constituted the " present president," and Nathaniel Chip- man, Heman Ball, Elijah Paine, Gamaliel Painter, Israel Smith, Stephen R. Bradley, Seth Storrs, Stephen Jacob, Daniel Chipman, Lot Hall, Aaron Lee land, Gershom C. Lyman, Samuel MUler, Jedediah P. Buckingham and Darius Matthews "the present fellows." Urtder its charter the college went into immediate operation, and two classes were received into the institution the same fall. The grammar school, for about five years, was continued in connection with it, under the same superintend ence, and the members were instructed by a tutor. The first class in college, consisting of one member, Aaron Petty, was graduated in 1802. The gradu ating classes from this time continued to increase, and in 1805 consisted of six teen, in 1 808 of twenty-three, and in 1 8 1 1 of nineteen, which were the largest classes to this period. Rev. Jeremiah Atwater resigned the office of president in 1 809, and on the 26th day of September of that year was inaugurated as president of Dickinson College, at CarUsle, Penn. He continued in this office untrt August, 1815, when he resigned and established his residence in his native town. New Haven, Conn, Rev. Henry Davis, D.D., as successor of President Atwater, entered upon the duties of the office in 181 1, and resigned it in 1817. The classes under his administration for several years had increased, and in 1 8 1 2 the graduating class consisted of twenty-six ; in 1813, of twertty-rtine; in 18 14, of twenty- eight, and in 1815, of thirty. The other classes during this period were con siderably smaller. Dr. Davis was succeeded in the office of president by Rev. Joshua Bates, 348 History of Addison County. D.D., who entered upon his duties in 1818; he was a graduate of Harvard College and a mart of great power. During the greater part of his adminis tration the college was in a most prosperous conditiort. Nearly five hundred students graduated under him, many of them men who attained to eminence as theologians, statesmen, or men of letters, such as Stephen Ohn, Solomon Foot and John G. Saxe ; while in the class that graduated the year after Dr Bates resigned, we find the names of Henry N. Hudson and Edward J. Phelps. In 1840 Rev. Benjamin Labaree, D.D., was elected president, at a time when the institution was suffering somewhat from the active competition of other noted colleges of the East. His long administration of twenty-six years was, nevertheless, eminerttly successful. The college had no funds at the beginning of its existence, and it was as late as 1841 before any systematic effort was made to raise a substantial sum. Previous to that, however, in 1800 $8,000 were raised by subscriptiorts of citizerts, and the erection of the first storte structure for students' rooms was begun and finished in 18 16. In the fall of 18 1 5 President Davis undertook the work of raising $50,000. A meeting was held at the hotel, which was addressed by him in eloquent terms, and before the meeting adjourned $20,000 had been subscribed. He met with such suc cess that before the end of the following spring the whole amount was raised. The large legacy of Joseph Burr ($12,500), made at his death, and that of Judge Painter, who died in 18 19, came to the timely relief of the institution. Other subscriptions were also made for the benefit of particular departments and a subscription was raised in 1833, under the administration of Dr. Bates, of $33,000, $15,000 of which were expended in erecting another stone build- irtg for a chapel and other purposes : this building was erected in 1836. After the inauguration of President Labaree the financial affairs of the college as sumed a more settled and satisfactory aspect. $9,300 were subscribed from various sources between 1840 and 1848, and in the latteryear one of $25,000; in 1852 another of $35,000. In 1853 a friend of the college offered a dona tion of $10,000 provided the further sum of $20,000 should be raised; this was accomplished and the whole devoted to the establishment of two perma nent scholarships. A little later Joseph P. Fairbanks, of St Johnsbury, gave the college $10,000, and various other sums have since beert reaUzed, In i860 the structure known as Starr Hall was erected. The presidents of the college sirtce Dr. Labaree have beert as follows : Rev. Harvey Denison Kitchel, D.D., elected 1866; retired 1873. Rev. Calvin But ler Hulbert, D. D., elected 1875; retired 1880. Rev. Cyrus Hamlin, D. D., LL. D., elected 1880; retired in 1885. Soon after the retirement of Dr. Ham- lirt, Ezra Brainerd, A. M., was elected president of the college, which position he now holds. The associated alumni met for the first time at the commencement of 1824, and have held annual meetings since that time. Several literary and other as- Town of Middlebury. 349 sociations and societies have beert formed in the coUege at various periods, among which may be mentioned the Philadelphian Society, formed in 1 804, and consisting of professors of religion ; this society gathered a library of theolog ical works. The Beneficent Society was formed in 1813 for the purpose of supplying indigent students with text-books ; it accomplished a great amount of good. In 1852 the Philomathesian Association was formed, with literary purpose. The library was first established in 1809, at which time about $I,000 was raised by subscription of citizens ; from that time to the present the library has grown steadily, and now contains over 16,000 volumes. The following is a Ust of those who have occupied the offices designated : Secretaries. — Seth Storrs, esq., from 1800 to 1 807; Hon. Peter Starr, from 1809 to 1815 ; Hon. Samuel Swift, from 1815 to 1826; Hon. Harvey Bell, from 1826 to 1843; Rev. Lucius L. TUden, from 1843 to 1851 ; JohnW. Stew art, esq., from 185 1 to 1858; Rev. Lucius L. TUden, from 1858 to 1862; Rufus Wainwright, from 1862 to 1881; Charles G. Wainwright, from 1881 to 1883 ; James M. Slade, 1883. Treasurers. — Hon. Darius Matthews, from 1 800 to 1 803 ; Samuel Miller, esq., from 1803 to 1806; Hon. Samuel Swift, from 1806 to 18 10; John Sim mons, esq., from 18 10 to 1829; WiUiam G. Hooker, from 1829 to 1830; Rev. William C. Fowler, from 1830 to 1837 ; Hon. Samuel Swift, from 1837 to 1839; Hon. Peter Starr, from 1839 to 1842 ; Rev. Thomas A. Merrill, from 1842 to 1852 ; JuUus A. Beckwith, esq., from 1852 to 1854; Rev. Joseph D. Wickham, from 1854 to 1855 ; Prof W. H. Parker; Loyal D. Eldredge, present treasurer Faculty. — The present Faculty of the college is constituted as follows : Ezra Brainerd, A. M., president and professor of physics and apphed mathe matics ; WUliam Henry Parker, A. M., Baldwin professor emeritus of mathe matics ; Rev. George Nelson Webber, D.D., pro tempore professor of psychol ogy, ethics, and poUtical science ; Henry Martyn Seely, A. M., M. D., Burr professor of chemistry and natural history ; WiUiam Wells Eaton, A. M., pro fessor of Greek and German; Charles Baker Wright, A. M., professor of rheto ric and English literature ; Henry Edwards Scott, A. B., professor of Latin and French ; Brainerd Kellogg, A. M., instructor in elocution ; Professor Scott, librarian. Ezra Brainerd was born in St Albans, Vt, December 17, 1844 ; graduated at Middlebury CoUege in 1864; was tutor in the coUege until the summer of 1 866. He graduated at Andover Theological Seminary in 1 868, and was then appointed to the chair of rhetoric and Enghsh literature in Middlebury College; this position he fiUed until 1880, when he was appointed to his present chair, taking the place of Professor WUliam H. Parker. In 1886 he was elected president of the coUege. Professor WiUiam Henry Parker, A. M., has been intimately associated with 23 3 so History of Addison County. the educational interests of this regiort for more than fifty years. He was born in Washington county, N. Y., in 1809; was educated in Middlebury College, graduating irt 1830. He taught two years in Bennington, which was followed by two years (1832-34) as tutor in Middlebury College. He was then two years in Andover Seminary, at the end of which term he taught twelve years in the St Lawrence Academy, Potsdam, N. Y. In 1848 he took the chair of mathematics in Middlebury CoUege, which he capably fiUed to 1881, since which date he is carried on the roll of the faculty as Baldwin professor emeri tus of mathematics. Professor Henry Martyn Seely, A.M., M.D., Burr professor of chemistry and natural history in Middlebury College, was born in Onondaga, N. Y., Oc tober 2, 1828. His preparatory education was obtained in Cazertovia, N. Y., sirtce which he has graduated from the Sheffield Scierttific School at Yale Col lege ; studied Mn the Mining School, Freiburg, Germany, and in the Heidel berg University; received the degree of B.Ph., and A.M., from Yale College in 1856, and of M. D., from the Berkshire Medical CoUege, Mass. From 1857 to 1863 he taught at Berkshire, and after the latter date in the University of Vermont to 1867, since which date he has been conrtected with Middlebury College. Female Seminary. — About the time of the estabUshment of the grammar school and the college, and before the latter was incorporated, the citizens of Middlebury further showed their devotion to the cause of higher education by taking steps towards the founding of a female seminary. Through the agency of Hon. Horatio Seymour, Miss Ida Strong, who had been educated at the then celebrated school of Miss Pierce, in Litchfield, Conn., was invited to estabUsh a similar institution here. She did so, and at first opened her school in the court-house. It soon gained a high reputation and pupUs came from aU parts of the State. A few years later the school was removed to a room in Dr. Campbell's house, which had been used as a store. The school rapidly advanced, and in 1802 a voluntary association was formed by the citizens to erect a suitable building for its accommodation. Mr Seymour donated the land, and a subscription was circulated and the requisite funds raised. In the foUowing season the two-story building, occupied in later years by Ozias Sey mour for a residence, was erected. Unfortunately the health of Miss Strong failed, and she died in 1 804 at the age of twenty-nine. The school was closed until 1807, when Miss Emma Hart, from Berlin, Conn., was invited to take charge of the institution. Although but twenty years old she enjoyed an ert- viable reputation and made the school successful from the first. After two years of teaching it she was married in 1809 to Dr John Willard. During the vacancy in the school- above mentioned the Addison County Grammar School was removed into the seminary building ; the lower story was divided into rooms and fitted up for the ordinary school exercises, and the upper room Town of Middlebury. 351 was now given up to Miss Hart's school ; she began with thirty-seven pupils. The male school was removed before the second winter In the spring of 18 14 Mrs. Willard opened a female school at her own residence. • This school she afterwards looked back upon as the germ of the Troy Female Seminary, to which city she removed her school in 1821 ; it became one of the most suc cessful institutions of the kind in the country, and Mrs. WiUard occupied a po sition attained by few, if any other, women in the land, in an educational sense. The school in Middlebury was next taught by Esther North, of Goshen, Conn., and several years later she was succeeded by Phebe Smith (who was before her marriage Phebe Henderson, of Bennington, and later the wife of Rev. Joel H. Linsley). The school was probably closed soon after 18 14 and was not revived until 1827. In the mean time the building had been again givert up to the Addison County Grammar School. A new association was formed, and the " Female School Association " was incorporated in October of the year named. In the course ofthe year the association purchased the three- story building which was erected by Daniel Chipman for a law school and re fitted it for the school boarding-house. Among those who subsequently had charge of the school were Miss Ann H. B. Mahew, about one year ; Mrs. Har riet B. Cook, widow of Milo Cook, to August, 1834; during her administration the school prospered exceedingly, and additions were made to the boarding- house, and a new school building was erected in rear of the boarding-house. Mrs. Cook was succeeded by Miss Nancy Swift, four years ; in the spring of 1 840 Rev. Lucius Tilden took charge of the school, assisted by Mrs. TUden ; in 1846 he was succeeded by Dr. S. P. Lathrop, who continued untU 1849. For two years only temporary teachers were employed, when in 185 1 S. W. Hitchcock, from Burlington, was employed ; his health failed and he died in 1852. WiUiam F. Bascom succeeded in the school, assisted by his wife. In 1856 he relinquished the school to begin practice of law, and it was continued through the winter by Miss Eliza MerriU. On the 9th of March, 1857, Miss Agnes Gordort, assisted by competent teachers, took charge of the institution. She was followed by Rev. Harvey and Mrs, Leavitt, and they by Professor Nelson Z. and Mrs. Graves, who were the last teachers, and the school closed in 1869. In 1880 the property was sold to liquidate an old indebtedness. ECCLESIASTICAL. The Congregational Church of Middlebury. — This denomination was almost the only one known to the early immigrants to Addison county. The pro vision for and support of the gospel in this denomination constituted a large share of the busirtess of many of the early meetings of the inhabitants. Some ' of the records relative to this subject are of deep interest. At the annual town meeting of 1788, only two years after the town organization, the following votes were passed : 352 History of Addison County, " Voted to choose a committee to stick a stake for the meeting-house and pitch on a place or places to bury the dead." " Voted, that Mr. Daniel Foot's house be a place to meet for public wor ship for the present." " Voted Daniel Foot, Benjamin Smalley, Abraham Kirby and Nathaniel Munger be a committee to procure preaching for the present year." January i, 1789, "Voted that the town be divided into two distinct socie ties." " Voted that the committee that was appointed last March hire preach ing for three months, as they, in their wisdom, shall think proper." March 2, 1789, "Voted that we wUl try to procure preachiug for the ertsuing year. Voted that we wUl raise a tax of three pence on the pound to be paid in wheat at 5s per bushel. Voted that Benjamin Smalley, Abraham Kirby and Jona than Chipman be a committee for the purpose of procuring some suitable per son to preach in the town on probation for a settlement Voted that we wiU meet one-half of the time at the north end of the town, and the other half at the south end of the town on Sundays for public worship. Voted that Cap tain Stephen Goodrich's house for the north end and Mr. Bill Thayer's for the south end for to meet at, at present Voted to reconsider the vote passed last town-meeting concerning dividing the town." July, 1789, "Voted that the committee try to hire Mr Parmelee, on pro bation five Sabbaths more, when he comes back. Voted re-consider the former vote that was passed, to meet one-half the time at the north end and the other half at the south end of the town for public worship, and will meet at Mr. Daniel Foot's for said purpose." February 8, 1790, " Voted to have the Rev. Mr Parmelee to preach for the term of six months on probation, if the situation of his family is such that they can be removed by sleighing, otherwise for three months in the town of Middlebury." March ii, 1790. Meeting warned "to see if they wiU raise a tax to pay Mr Parmelee for preaching in said tpwn for the space of six or three months. " "Voted Samuel Miller, esq., moderator, and tried to get a vote for the above purpose, and it passed in the negative." Other proceedings of this character have already been mentioned. In 1793 it was voted " to hold meetings in the future in Mr. Ebenezer Sumner's barn until such times as he shall fill it with hay." Rev. John Barnet was ordained as pastor of the church on the 1 1 th of No vember, 1790, the church having been organized on the 5 th of September pre ceding. The following persons composed the church at the time of its organ ization : Daniel Foot, Elijah Buttolph, Moses Hale, Bethuel Goodrich, Abraham Kirby, Ebenezer Sumner, Simon Farr, Prudence Preston, Silence Goodrich, Abigail Foot, Sarah Farr and Deborah Buttolph. Town of Middlebury. 3S3 From 1798 urttU the first church was erected, meetings were held in the court-house. In December, 1801, incipient measures were adopted towards building a church edifice. The proposed locatiort was several times changed, and at a meeting in August, 1805, it had been decided " that the expense of building the house shall be defrayed by a public sale of the pews ;" a com mittee of seven, including Judge Painter, was appointed " to draw a plan of a meeting-house, and expose the pews for sale by public auction," twenty per cent, to be paid in money " and the remainder in neat cattle or materials for building." The first church was finally begun in 1806, but it was not finished until the spring of 1809; it was dedicated on the 31st day of May that year. In 1854 it was thoroughly repaired and partially reconstructed, and is now a handsome building, seating seven hundred and fifty and valued, with its grounds, etc., at $20,000. The church has over four hundred members and a large and flour ishing Sabbath-school. The following pastors have served the church : Rev. John Barnet, installed November 11, 1790; dismissed March 31, 1795. Rev. Thomas A. MerrUl, D.D., installed December 19, 1805 ; released from pastoral duties December 19, 1842; died April 29, 1855. Rev. Samuel G. Coe, installed July 17, 1844; dismissed October 30, 1850. Rev. R. S. Ken dall, installed April 14, 1853 ; dismissed July 7, 1856. Rev. James T. Hyde, installed June 10, 1857; dismissed November 4, 1867. Rev. E. P. Hooker, installed September 14, 1870; dismissed January, 1881. Rev. S. L. B. Speare, since June 1881. The Methodist Episcopal Church. — It is uncertain just when Methodism was introduced into this town, but the first mention of the town as a circuit is in 18 10, and it is believed that a society was formed here several years prior to that date. Rev. Ebenezer Washburn traveled in Western Vermont and was on the Vergennes Circuit in 180 1. In later years he wrote as follows : " At Middlebury I found a small and persecuted class. Our preaching was at the house of Lebbeus Harris ; and in the midst of that village our average congregation was from twenty-five to thirty. Mr. and Mrs. Harris were deeply pious, and ready to greet the preacher with joy at his coming, and to render him every service and accommodation to make him comfortable and happy while he stayed." Mr. Washburn became a noted preacher and accomplished great good. Writing further of his early experiences here he said : " I have had stones and snow-balls cast at me in volleys. I have had great dogs sent after me, to frighten my horse, as I was peacefuUy passing through small villages. But I was rtever harmed by any of them. I have been saluted with the sound of ' Glory, hosanna, amen, hallelujah,' mixed with oaths and profanity. If I turned my horse, to ride toward them, they would show their want of confi dence, both in their master and in themselves, by fleeing like base cowards." 354 History of Addison County. Mr. Washburrt was succeeded by Joseph Sawyer, Hertry Ryart (1800) Elijah Chichester (1802), WUliam Anson, James M. Smith (1804), Samuel Cochrane (1805), Samuel Draper (1806), Dexter Bates (1809), and Andrew McKean. Rev. Phineas Peck was the first resident pastor, about 18 10. Fol lowing is a list of those who were in fuU connection with this faith in 1 809 : Lebbeus Harris, Sarah Harris, Daniel Bigelow, Betsey T. Bigelow, Abel Knights, Nathan Alden, Barbara Alden, Thomas Carpenter, Aurelia Carpen ter, Azuba Babcock, Sarah Weaver, AmeUa Farnsworth, Chester Haskins, Hulda Fisher, Josiah Johnson, Joseph Johnson, Anna Johnson. Meetings were held for a time in the old block now owned by Henry L. Sheldon ; in 18 13 the first chapel was erected on the street leading to the old paper-mill. In 1837 the present neat church was built on the corner of North Pleasant and Seminary streets, at a cost of about $5,000. In 1880 it was repaired and frescoed at an expense of $2,800. We cannot spare space to follow the long list of pastors who have labored for the good of their fellows in this church. The present pastor, J. J. Noe, came in 1884. The membership is now one hundred and eighty. Prof H. M. Seely is Sunday-school superintendent Class leaders, H, D. Langworthy, J. Noland, J. W. Morse, W. J. Mead, Ira Pond, E. J. Boyce ; stewards, H. M. Seely, A. F. Manley, W. S. Alden, O. F. Comstock, J. W. Mead, Charles H. Bain, J. R. Ford, P. Severance, George E. Marshall, J. C. Cady, Charies Cady, J. W. Lovett, Clinton G. Smith, O. P. Moore ; recording steward, J. W. Lovett A parsonage belongs with the church property. St. Stephen' s Episcopal Church. — This society was organized in December 5, 1810, under the name of " The First Episcopal Society in Addison County." The first signers of the association were Horatio Seymour, Joel Doolittle, WUliam B. Sumner, Samuel Clark, Daniel Henshaw, Daniel Chipman, Lavius Fillmore, John Willard, Lewis Stearns, Eben W. Judd, Stephen Weston, Roger HaskeU, of Middlebury ; John A. Sumner, John Alexander, Luther Barnard, of Bristol ; George Cleveland, Joseph Brackett, of Weybridge ; Isaac Landon and WiUiam Kellogg, of Cornwall. The first services were held by Rev. Bethuel Chittenden, a brother of Governor Chittenden, in an upper room of Captain E. Markham's public house. Services were afterward held in the court-house. In 1817 Daniel Henshaw fitted up one of his buildings for that purpose, which was used until the completion of the stone church, which was consecrated on the 14th of October, 1827. Rev. Philo Adams, S. S. Sanford, George Leonard and A. Baldwin were the pastors from 181 1 to 1821. Ben jamin B. Smith, afterwards presiding bishop of the United States, was the first rector from 1823 to 1828, under whose direction the church was built A chapel and vestry-room have since been added. Several very gifted preachers have served the church, which now has a membership of eighty-nine. E.ev. Alva E. Carpenter is the present rector; he succeeded Rev. William J. Town of Middlebury. 355 Tilley in September, 1883. Albert Chapman is sertior warden ; Edwin Val lett, junior warden ; Henry L. Sheldon, George C. Chapman, E. W. Judd, E. P. Russel, William Chadwick, vestrymen. The rector is superintendent of the Sunday-school. Baptist Church. — This church was formed December 10, 1809, the first regular pastor being Nathaniel Kendrick, from 18 10 to 1817. The society generaUy attended pubUc worship in the court-house until 1838, when they purchased the building formerly occupied by the Methodists. This was re fitted and occupied for several years. Subsequent to 1 843 the church had be come so reduced by the removal of members that the house was sold, and the society, as such, ceased to exist. At this time the Baptists had established a paper here, devoted to the interests of the church, and which was recognized as its peculiar organ throughout the State. It was ably conducted, but for want of proper support was soon abandoned. In May, 1879, the society was reorganized by its pastor. Rev. Charles Hibbard, with twenty-four members, since increased to over forty. Having no church buUding, public services were conducted in the court-house until 1882, when the neat new church was erected at a cost of about $8,000. Rev. Mr. Hibbard remained to June, 1883, whert he was succeeded by Rev. A. De H. Palmer, the present incumbent H. J. Chapman is Sunday-school superintendent. The deacons are J. B. Benedict and H. J. Chapman. Roman Catholic Church. — The following brief account of this church down to about 1850 was furnished to Dr. Swift's work by Timothy O ' Flanagan : " The first missionary Catholic priest that came to this town was the Rev. James MacQuaide in 1822. He left here the following year, and we had none here until 1 830, when the Rev. Jeremiah O. Callaghan came as a missionary of the whole State — coming here occasionally — until 1834. Then the State was made into two missions, and the Rev. James Walsh came on this part of the mission and left in 1835. In 1837 Rev. John B. Dailey came here, and built the present brick church, which is sixty feet by forty, in 1839, and remained on the mission untU 1854. Then the first and present Catholic bishop of this diocese, the Right Rev. Lewis Goesbriand, sertt the Rev. Joseph Duglue." He was succeeded by Rev. Father Cuuningham, who officiated for about fourteen years previous to 1 88 1, when Rev. E. R. Moloney came. Within a short time Rev. Henry Lane became pastor. The church has now about 180 families. A Catholic cemetery was established in 1883, embracing six acres, west of the college. The First Universalist Church of East Middlebury. — This society was organized in 1849, and for a number of years was in a prosperous conditiort. Soort after the organization the society built the church still standing, and had at that time about sixty members, with Rev. C, D, Miller as pastor. From various causes the church declined, and no settled minister has preached here 356 History of Addison County. for a long time. At the present time Rev. Mr. Heath preaches one sermon each Sunday, and the church is attended by all denominations. SECRET societies. Freemasonry. — This ancient and honorable order has been represented in Middlebury for almost a century. Union Lodge No. 2 was chartered in 1794, and by the Grand Lodge of Vermont in 1797. The charter members were John Chipman, Joel Linsley, James Bradley, Abraham Bethrong, Lewis Mc Donald, Abiel Linsley, Joseph McDonald, Thomas Tolman. The first officers were John Chipman, W. M. ; Joel Linsley, S. W. ; Lewis McDonald, J. W. The lodge prospered until the blight of anti-Masonry fell upon it, when it sus pended, its last meeting being held May 3, 1830. It remained dormant until December 1 7, 1 847, whert it was revived with the following officers : Daniel L. Potter, W. M. ; Jacob Dewey, S. W. ; Gideon Carpenter, J. W. ; John B. Cope land, treasurer ; Allen Mills, secretary. The present officers of the lodge are as follows: W. H. Kingsley, W. M.; H. E. Smith, S. W.; A. J. Field, J. W,; C. E. Pinney, treasurer ; Samuel Brooks, secretary ; H. J. Nichols, S. D. ; John M. Nash, J. D. ; Thaddeus M. Chapman, marshal. Potter Chapter No. 22 (originally Jerusalem Chapter) was chartered Octo ber 7, 1868. It met alternately in Vergennes and Middlebury, until Jerusalem Chapter went to Vergennes. The officers were Samuel Brooks, H. P. ; Wm. P. Russel, K. ; Charles J. Soper, S. ; Henry L. Sheldon, secretary; John H. Simmons, C. H.; Lorenzo H. Stow, P. S. ; Charles M. Waller, R. A. C. The present officers are C. E. Prentiss, H. P.; B. B. Brown, K.; H. J. Nichols, S.; H. L. Sheldon, treasurer; Samuel Brooks, secretary ; W. H. Cobb, C. H.; W. B. Bristol, P. S.; A. J. Field, R. A. C. Middlebury Council No. 14 was chartered October 7, 1868, with the fol lowing officers: Henry L. Sheldon, T I.; John H. Simmons, R. I.; Henry S. Putnam, P. C. At the last election, held in 1883, the following were elected : Edward S. Dana, T. I.; Lorenzo H. Stow, R. I.; Henry L. Sheldon, P. C; Peter F. Goodrich, treasurer; WiUiam H. Goodnough, Rec. Mount Calvary Commandery No. i was chartered February 20, 1824, with the following officers: Joel Clapp, E. C; Samuel H. HoUey, G.; Ezra Meech, C. G.; Daniel Chipman, P.; Justus Foot, S. W.; John M. Weeks, J. W.; Asahel Parsons, treasurer; Lebbeus Harris, Rec. The present officers of the commandery are William C. Bradley, E. C; George A. Kimball, G.; Frank N. Manchester, C. G.; Charles E. Prentiss, P.; WiUiam H. Cobb, S. W.; W. H. Kingsley, J. W.; Thaddeus M. Chapman, treas urer; Peter F. Goodrich, Rec. Odd Fellows. — There is but one lodge of this order in Middlebury, and its records were all destroyed in the fire of 1875. Its name is Lake Dunmore Lodge No. II. The officers elected in December, 1875, were as follows: Town of Addison. 357 James M. Slade, N. G.; Norman F. Rider, V. G.; William H. Cobb, secretary; C, E. Pinney, treasurer The present officers are Charles E. Youtt, N. G.; H, A. Peck, V, G.; R. W. Pitts, secretary; C. E. Pinney, treasurer; George Langworthy, R. S. N. G.; A. B. Smith, L. S. N. G.; S. E. Meekirt, R. S. V. G.; T. Kidder, L. S. V. G.; A. B. Colby, warden ; N. F. Rider, R. S. S.; James Norton, L. S. S.; Henry Langworthy, I. S.; C. M. Foot, Con. It wiU have been seen by the reader that very many of the leading men of Middlebury have been connected with one or both of these orders. CHAPTER XVI. HISTORY OP THE TOWN OP ADDISON. THE town of Addison hes on the shore of Lake Champlain, in the western part of Addison county, and is bounded on the north by Panton ; east by Waltham and Weybridge ; south by Bridport, and west by Lake Champlain. The surface of the town is level or with a gradual slope towards the lake, ex cept the extreme eastern part, which becomes hilly or mountainous, the highest elevation being Snake Mountain (or Grandview Mountain, as it is now called ; this elevation rises to a height of 1,310 feet above sea level, and is the highest point in the county west of the Green Mountains). The soil is principally clay or marl, mixed to some extent with loam, and in the mountains a strong loam prevails. The principal streams are Otter Creek, which forms the eastern boundary between this town and Waltham, Hospital, Ward's and Dead Creeks ; the latter is formed by what are known as the east, middle and west branches, which flow in a northerly course from the town of Bridport, Dead Creek con tinuing northward into the town of Panton. Ward's and Hospital Creeks flow through the southwest part of the town. There is no valuable water power in the town and no manufacturing of importance is carried on. The town was originally covered with a heavy growth of timber, of which pine, cedar, maple, basswood, oak and elm were the principal varieties. The town of Addison was chartered on the 14th day of October, 1761, by Bennirtg Wentworth, then governor of New Hampshire, to the original pro prietors, by the same form of charter under which other towns in Vermont were granted. For purposes of reference we insert here a copy of those char ters, in blank, and will omit them irt subsequent town histories : [l. S.] By the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, KING, Defender ofthe Faith, &c. To all persons to whom these presents shall come. Greeting : — Know ye, that We, of Our special Grace, certain knowledge, Mear Motion, for the due encouragement of settling a New Plantation within our said Province, by and with the advice of our trusty and well-beloved 358 History of Addison County. Benning "Wentworth, Esq., our Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Our Province of New Hampshire, in New England, and of our Council in the said Province, Have, upon the Conditions and Reservations, hereinafter made, given and granted, and by these presents for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, do give and grant in equal shares unto our loving Subjects, Inhabitants of Our said Province of New Ha-mpshire and Our other Governments, and to their Heirs and Assigns forever whose names are entered on this Grant, to be divided to and amongst them into sixty-eight equal shares, all that tract or parcel of Land situate, lying and being within our said Province of New Hampshire, containing by Admeasurement, Twenty- Eight Thousand Eight Hundred Acres, which Tract is to contain something more than Six Miles square, and no more. Out of which an allowance is to be made for highways and unim provable Lands, by Rocks, Ponds, Mountains and Rivers, One Thousand and Forty acres free, according to a plan and survey thereof, made by our said Governor's order, and returned into the Secretary's Office and hereunto annexed, butted and bounded as follows, viz.: — * * * * And the Inhabitants that do or hereby shall Inhabit the said Township are hereby to be enfranchised with and entitled to all and every the privileges and Immunities that other towns within Our Province by Law Exercise and Enjoy : And further, that the said Town as soon as there shall be fifty families resident and settled thereon shall have the liberty of Hold ing Two Fairs, one which shall be held on the and the other on the annually, which fairs are not to continue longer than the respective following the said and that as soon as the said Town shall consist of fifty families a Market may be opened and kept, one or more days in each 'Week, as may be thought most advantageous to the inhabitants. Also, that the first meeting for the choice of Town Officers agreeable to the laws of our said Province shall be held on the first Tuesday in January next which said Meeting shall be noti fied by • , who is hereby also appointed the Moderator of the said first Meeting which he is to notify and govern agreeable to the laws and Customs of our said Province and that the Annual Meeting forever hereafter, for the choice of such'Officers of said Town, shall be on the second Tuesday in March Annually. TO HA'VE AND TO HOLD the said Tract of Land as above expressed, together with all the privileges and Appurtenances, to them and their respective Heirs and Assigns, forever, upon the following conditions, viz : I. That every Grantee, his Heirs and Assigns, shall plant and cultivate five acres of Land within the term of five years, for every fifty acres contained in his or their share or proportion of Land in said Township, and continue to improve and settle the same by additional Cultiva tions on penalty of the Forfeiture of his Grant or share in said Township, and of its reverting to Us Our Heirs and Successors, to be by Us Regranted to such of our subjects as shall effect ually settle and Cultivate the same. II. That all 'White and other Pine Trees within the said Township fit for Masting Our Royal Navy, be carefully preserved for that Use, and none to be cut or felled, without Our Special License for so doing, first had and obtained upon the penalty of the forfeiture of the Right of Such Grantee, his Heirs and Assigns to Us, Our Heirs and Successors, as well as being subject to the penalty of any act or Acts of Parliament that now are or shall hereafter be enacted. III. That before any Division of the land be made to and among the Grantees, a tract of Land as near the Center of said Township as the Land will admit of, shall be reserved and marked out for Town Lots, one of which shall be alloted to each Grantee, of the contents of one Acre. > W. Yielding and paying therefore to Us Our Heirs and Successors for the space of ten years, to be computed from the date hereof, the rent of one Ear of Indian Corn only, on the Twenty-fifth day of December annually, if Lawfully demanded, the first payment to be made on the Twenty-fifth day of December 1761. v. Every proprietor Settler or Inhabitant shall yield and pay unto Us Our Heirs or Sue- Town of Addison, 359 cessors, yearly and every year forever, from and after the expiration of ten years from the above said Twenty-fifth of December, namely, on the Twenty-fifth day of December, which will be in the year of Our Lord 1771, One Shilling Proclamation Money, for every hundred Acres he owns settles or possesses, and so in proportion for a greater or less Tract of said Land, which Money shall be paid by the respective persons abovesaid, their Heirs or Assigns in our Council Chamber in Portsmouth, or to such Officer or Officers as shall be appointed to re ceive the same, and this to be in Lieu of all other Rents and services whatsoever. In testimony whereof we have caused the Seal of our said Province to be hereunto affixed. Witness, BENNING WENTWORTH, ESQ., Our Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Our said Province, this 14th day of October in the year of our Lord CHRIST, One Thousand Seven Hundred Sixty-one, And in the Second Year of Our Reign. B. Wentworth. By his EXCELLENCY'S Command ) with Advice of Council. \ Theodore Atkinson, Sect'y. ) The charter has also this endorsement, together with a list of the grantees : His Excellency, Benning Wentworth, Esq. A Tract of Land to contain Five Hundred Acres, marked B. W. on the Plan, which is to be accounted two of the within shares. One whole share for the incorporated Society, for the propagation of the Gospel in Foreign parts. One share of the Glebe for the Church of England, as by law established. One share for the first settled Minister of the Gospel, and one share for the benefit of Schools in said Town. Province of Newhampshire, November 3d, 1761. Theodore Atkinson, Sect'y. The history of the town of Addison extends farther into the past than that of any other town in the county. In the winter of 1690 a party of French and Indians came up the lake on the ice, crossed over and burned Schenectady, an incident of fire and suffering that has passed into general history. The English pursued the marauders as far as Crown Point, where the French and Indians took to their skates. A portion of the pursuers overtook some of the French and killed twenty-five. On the 26th of March of that year the au thorities of Albany county gave to Captain Jacobus D'Narm ^ orders to take seventeen men and pass by way of " Schuytook," and take from thence twenty savages and Dick Albatrose and proceed to Crown Point. A little later, and in April, Captain Abraham Schuyler was ordered to the mouth of Otter Creek with nine men, " to watch day and night for one month, and daUy communi cate with Captain D'Narm." At the same time D'Narm's orders were so changed that he had to seek a new post, which led him to what became known as Chimney Point, rtear the southwesteru point of the town of Addison. Here he began his watch and erected a small stone fort ; this was the first possession •or civilized occupation of territory within the State of Vermont, if we except the fort built on Isle la Motte by the French in 1664. In August ofthe year last mentiorted Captain John Schuyler, on his retreat from La Prairie (opposite 1 The documentary history of New York gives this name as " De Warm, " but it is probably an error. 36o History of Addison County. Montreal), noted that he stopped in this vicinity "at the little stone fort," which was undoubtedly that of D'Narm. At a little later period a large tract of land in Addison county, and includ ing the present town of the same rtame, was claimed by the Mohawk Indians and by them granted to Godfrey Dellius, the Dutch minister at Albany in 1694. Two years later his title was confirmed by Charles II, who afterwards revoked the title; but this revocation was not recognized by the thrifty Dutch man, who sold his aUeged right to his successor, Lydius. In the year 1730 the French built a small fort on Chimney Point (Point a la Chevelure, as they termed it), and probably repaired the work of D'Narm. In 1743 the king of France granted to Hocquart (intendant of New France) a seigniory of four leagues front on the lake by five leagues deep ; the south line of this tract was about half a mile south of the present south line of Addison, and the north line near the site of Adams Ferry in Panton. The next record we find of Chimney Point is that of Kalm, the Swedish naturalist, who visited the locality in 1749. He says of it: "I found quite a settlement, a stone wind-mill and fort in one, with five or six small cannon mounted; the whole inclosed in embankments." According to the writings of the late Hon. John Strong (from which we must draw liberally), there was "within the enclosure a neat church, and throughout the settlement well culti vated gardens, with some good fruit, as apples, plums, currants, etc. During the next ten years these settlements were extended north on the lake some four miles; the remains of old cellars and gardens stUl to be seen (about i860) show a more thickly settled street than occupies it now." The stirring events that occurred between 1750 and the granting of the charter of Addison county as before noted, are emblazoned ort the living pages of history. Crown Point, Ticonderoga and their immediate vicinity consti tuted battle-fields the history of which was to be overshadowed only by that of the more heroic and bloody struggle of the succeeding Revolution. In 1759, after the taking of Ticonderoga by General Amherst, the French burned their fort at Crown Point and Chimney Point, and the settlers abandoned their farms and fled with the troops to Canada. The habitations went to ruin ; weeds and trees grew up in the gardens and cellars, and the lands that had seen the thriving homesteads of the French returned to nearly their primitive wildness. In the year 1763 (April) Hocquart deeded to M. Michel Chartier de Lot- biniere all of his seigniory north of Hospital Creek ; the latter petitioned the British government from time to time to be reinstated in his lands. Finally a similar seigniory in Canada was granted him as a substitute. In October of the same year a grant of land was made by the then governor of New York to Colonel David Wooster, beginning near the south line of Addison, running east to Dead Creek and north to D. V. Chambers's land ; another tract to Col- Town of Addison. 361 onel Charles Forbes, extending from Wooster'^s to Potash Bay; another to Lieutenant Ramsay, lying north of the bounds of Addison. Directly east of Forbes's and Ramsay's tracts was a grant made to J. W. Hogarty, and east of Wooster's one to Sir John Sinclair These grants wiU be further aUuded to on another page. At about the time Addison was chartered, Panton also was granted to the first proprietors. But the grant as defined extended over the northern bound ary of the town of Addison about four miles along the lake ; hence some of the first settlers of this town supposed they were locating in Panton. This state of affairs led to protracted trouble and litigation between the two towns, which was not finaUy settied until May 17, 1774; Addison held her territory according to her charter, by right of priority of grant ; but she gave up to Panton 8,000 acres of the disputed territory, "for a reward for duties done in settling said tract" (See history of Panton.) On the 22d of October, 1804, 2,000 acres were taken from the southern corner of the town and annexed to Weybridge, and three days later a tract was annexed to Waltham. Early Settlements. — One of the soldiers of Amherst was named Benjamin KeUogg, from Connecticut It is said that while stationed at Crown Point he frequently visited the Salt Licks, near where the mansion of General John Strong was subsequently built, to procure venison for the officers of the army. It is believed that the clearings made by the French, and the promising char acter of the locality, made an impression upon his mind, and that when he returned he told his acquaintances of the advantages of the place for settle ment He returned to his old hunting grounds in the faU of 1762, and like wise in the two succeeding years ; in the latter year some of the Panton pro prietors came with him. In the spring of 1765 Zadock Everest, David Val lance and one other settler came on and began a clearing about three miles north of Chimney Point In September Benjamin Kellogg came back for his fall hunt, and with hirri came John Strong in quest of a home in the wilderness. The two last-named men visited the place where Everest and Vallance were at work, remained a few days and helped get in their faUow of wheat, and then traveled as far east as the site of Middlebury; they we're probably the first white men to reach that locality. On their return to the lake Strong decided to build a house there, which he did with the help of the other men ¦ he selected the site and ceUar of one of the ruined French houses as the founda tion. It was the first house built by an EngUsh settler north of Massachusetts. The party returned to Connecticut, and in February, 1766, Strong returned with his family, consisting of his wife and three children, Asa, Samuel and Polly, and in May Zadock Everest, David VaUance, John Chipman and six others, with their famiUes, came on by way of Otter Creek ; all of these but Chipman located in Addison and Panton. It is not known just how many; famihes settled in this town during the sue- 362 History of Addison County. ceeding ten years and down to the breaking out of the Revolution ; but in 1768, whert Colonel Wooster came on to look for the land to which he sup posed he had a title, he found five families on it — John Strong, Benjamin Kel logg, Phineas Spalding, David Vallance and one of the Pangborns. Some of these, according to General Strong, agreed to leave their lands, artd others were sued by Wooster in the Albany courts. Then followed the historical con troversy between the settlers and the New York authorities. Strong, Kellogg, Everest, and ten other Addison men were in Allen's party who dispossessed Reid at the falls (Vergennes), for an account of which see Judge Smith's history of Vergennes herein. When the men returned from the affair with Reid they found Wooster with the sheriff serving writs of ejectment on those living ort his land ; they were highly incertsed that while they had been engaged in driv ing the hated Yorkers from the lands of their neighbors, their own homes were invaded. They finally took Wooster and his sheriff, tied them to a tree, and under threats of the " beech seal," forced them to promise to depart and not trouble the settlers further. The colonel left that locality on the following mornirtg. Of the part ertacted in the Revolution by Addison men, but little can be said. At the time of the retreat of the Americans from their Canadiin expe dition in 1776, when the small-pox broke out among the soldiers, a hospital was built on the north side of the mouth of Hospital Creek, which incident gave the stream its name. The number of deaths here was so great that pits were dug into which the bodies were thrown without coffins. In the same year the Addison settlers aided General Gates in getting out timbers for his fleet, which was placed under the commartd of Arnold. This fleet was defeated by the British in October, when Arnold ran his vessels ashore in Panton, burn ing some and blowing up others. When Burgoyne made his memorable in vasion in 1777 most of the settlers departed, those from Addison courtty goirtg irtto Pawlet, Dorset artd other towns then in Benningtort courtty. In 1778 Major Carleton made his descent from Canada ; he took thirty-nine men and boys as prisoners. Among them were Nathan and MarshaU Smith, of Brid port ; Benjamin Kellogg, and Ward and Joseph Everest, of Addison ; Hol comb Spalding, two Ferrises and Mr. Grartdey, of Partton, and Hinckly, of Shoreham. Says General Strong : " Grandey and Hinckly were liberated to take care of the women and children, these and other famUies having come back to their farms on the defeat of Burgoyne ; all now abandoned the settle ment except three families, and did not return until after the war The pris oners were taken to Quebec, where they arrived December 6. KeUogg and a number of others died in prison during the winter They aU suffered unac countable hardships. In the spring they were taken dowrt the river some ninety miles. May 13, about midnight, eight of them made their escape. On reaching the south shore they divided into two parties, four in each. On getting Town of Addison. 363 opposite Quebec one party was betrayed by a Frenchmart, artd again taken prisoners. Three of them again made their escape that night — Ward and the two Smiths — and after being again taken by the Indians, and again escaping, pursued by the Indians fourteen days and nights, all their knowledge of the Indian craft and devices being put to the utmost trial, they finally succeeded in throwing off their pursuers and arrived in Panton, where they met three Americans, on a scout, from whom they got provisions ; which was the first food they had tasted since their last escape, except such as they procured in the woods — in all, twenty days. The next day they stopped at Hemenway's, in Bridport (Hemenway never left his farm through all the war.) After one day's rest, they pushed on to Pittsford." With the close of the great struggle for freedom settlers felt that they might confidently hope for security in their wilderness homes, and they accord ingly began to return. New immigrants, also, attracted by the reports of the beauty of the country, came in rapidly, and Addison soon took the lead in the county. It is our purpose now to trace most of the early settlements of the town, with such other historical records as we have been able to secure.^ 1 The town records show that the following settlers took the freeman's oath between 1790 and i8oi : In 1 790 James Bates, Jonah Case, Z. Everest, Joseph Everest, Benjamin Everest, Ebenezer Merrill, Joseph Murray, John Newton, Ebenezer Picket, Seth Storrs, John Strong, esq., Samuel Strong, David Whitney, Timothy Woodford, Ebenezer Wright, Walter Bates, Azariah Bill, Jeremiah Day, Joseph D. Farnsworth, Levi Hanks, Lyman Hurd, Carrel Merrill, Simon Smith, Luke Strong, Bissel Case, Samuel Low, John Willmarth, John Strong, jr. 1 791. — Jonathan Bills, Loudon Case, Timothy Pangborn, Theo. Andrus, Daniel Squier, Josiah Waterous, Isaac Buck, Isaiah Clark, Thomas Dexter, William Kimball, Samuel Pangborn, Joseph Pangborn, Otis Pond, Eli Squier, Aaron Warner, Daniel Champlin, Caleb Olin, Stephen Pangborn, Benjamin Payne, Gideon Seeger, David Vallance, John Vallance, Joseph Spencer, Henry Smith, Jesse Smith, Joseph Smith, Clayborn Robinson, Jabez Pond, Kilborn Morley, John Noble, Elizer Hanks. 1793. — Joseph Caldwell, William Everest, John Harris, William Meacham, Andrew Murry, Ben jamin Reynolds, Enoch Sacket, Thomas Sanford, jr., Benjamin Southward, Jeremiah Adams, Philo Pickett, William Ellis. 1794. — Seth Abbott, Jeremiah Meacham. 1795. — Elisha Clark, Wilham Merrihugh, Nathaniel Warner, Jacob McClau, Geo. Wright, Timothy Harris, James McClan, Ashur Ashborn, John N. Murry. 1797. — Stephen Day, Reuben Randal, Abel Wilmarth, John Cory, jr., David White, Ashbel Squier, Ebenezer Squier. 1798. — Robert Chambers, Israel Morley, Friend Adams, Peter Stickel, Ashbel Picket, Jacob Post, Asel Wilmarth, jr., Daniel Smith, John Post, Ebenezer Daniels, Wm. Mills, Asel Wright, Alvin White, David Pond, Reuben Randal, Simon Smith, Reuben Sacket, jr., Cyrus Strong, William Picket, James Stiles, Solomon Green, Peter Luis, Curtis Butler, John Harris, James Hoten, Ephraim Mills. 1799. — Luce Litchfield, Daniel Hasbrooks, Caleb Pratt, Benjamin Norton, Daniel Dewey. 1800. — William Dusenbury, Sterling Adams, Solomon Doud, Wm. C, Dusenbury, Alexander Fer guson, Francis More, Ebenezer Wright, jr., Zachariah Curtice, jr., John Herrimon, Roe Miner, Thomas D. AUen, Amos Smith, Jacob Travers, Daniel Wright, Aaron Merrill, Henry Cannada, Reu ben Spalding, Brattle Butler, James Bushnel, John Fisher, Abraham Burrell, Timothy Burrell. 1801. — Stephen Armstrong, Bela Norton, Josiah Norton, Mitchell Kingman, Gilead Picket, Martin L. Crandal, Nathaniel Pangborn, Jacob Head, Nicholas R. Grinnells, Weaker Bartlett, Reuben Knick erbocker, Ephraim Jackson, John Doran and William Jones. The names in the above list are spelled according to the record. 364 History of Addison County. The Strong family has been a prominent one irt this towrt. The Hon. John Strong was born in Salisbury, Conn., in 1738 and came to Addison in Febru ary, 1766, as before noted. After he was driven away from his settlement by the British he went to Dorset, which town he represented in the Legislature from 1779 to 1782, and in 1781 he was elected assistant judge of Bennington county, and re-elected in 1782. In 1783 he returned to his former home in this town. His first dweUing here was built near the lake and destroyed by the British. In 1796 he built his brick residence, the brick for which were made on the farm. He represented Addison in the Legislature three years, from 1784, and in 1785 was elected first judge of the Addison County Court In 1786 he was elected judge of probate and a member of the Council ; these offices he held until 1801. In 179 1 he was a member ofthe convention which ratified the constitution of the United States. He died in June, 18 16, and many of his descendants are still residents of this town and vicinity. His son, the Hon. John W. Strong, was a prominent man in the town ; the son of the latter, Charles W., still lives in the town. For their historical value we quote from Mr. Strong's sketch of the town of Addison the following incidents connected with early life in the wilderness : " Wild animals," he wrote, " were very troublesome, especially bears, with which he had many encounters. In September Mrs. Strong, whilst her hus band and a few neighbors had joined together and gone up the lake in a bateau artd thence to Albany to procure necessaries for the settlement, one evening was sitting by the fire with her chUdren about her. The kettle of samp had just been taken from the fire when, hearing a noise, she looked towards the door and saw the blanket that served the purpose of one raised up and an old bear protruding her head into the room. The sight of the fire caused her to dodge back. Mrs. Strong caught the baby, and sending the older children to the loft, she followed and drew the ladder after her. The floor of this loft was made by laying small poles together, which gave ample opportunity to see aU that was going on below. The bear, after reconnoitering the place several times, came in with two cubs. They first ups'fet the milk that had been placed on the table for supper. The old bear then made a dash at the pudding pot, and thrusting in her head, swallowed a large mouthful and fiUed her mouth with another before she found it was boiUng hot. Giving a furious growl she struck the pot with her paw, upsetting and breaking it She then sat herself up on end, endeavoring to poke the pudding out of her mouth, whining and growling all the time. This was so ludicrous, the cubs sitting up on end one on each side, and wondering what ailed their mother, that it drew a loud laugh from the children above. This seemed to excite the anger of the beast more than ever, and with a roar she rushed for the place where they had escaped up aloft This they had covered up when they drew up the ladder, and now com menced a struggle ; the bear to get up, the mother and chUdren to keep her Town of Addison. 365 down. After marty fruitless attempts the bear gave it up, and towards morn ing moved off. After Strong's return, a door made from the slabs split from a basswood and hung on wooden hinges gave them some security from Uke in roads in the future. " At artother time Strong and Smalley were crossing the lake from Chim ney Point to McKenzie's in Moriah, in a canoe, and when near Sandy Point they saw something swimming in the water which they at once supposed to be a deer and gave chase. As they drew near they found, instead of a deer, it was an enormous black bear they were pursuing. This was a different affair, and a consultation was held. They had nothing but an axe, but were too plucky to back out ; so it was planned that Smalley was to get into the wake of the bear and run the canoe bows on, whilst Strong, standing in the bow with the axe, was to knock Bruin on the head. . . . SmaUey brought the boat up in good style and Strong, with all the force of a man used to felling the giants of the forest, struck the bear full on the head. The bear minded it no more than if it had been a walking-stick instead of an axe, but instantly turning, placed both fore paws on the side of the boat and upset it, turning both men into the lake. The bear, instead of following them, crawled up on to the bottom of the boat and took possession, quietly seating himself and looking with great gravity whilst the men were floundering in the water. Smalley, who was not a very good swimmer, seeing the bear so quiet, thought he might hold on by one end of the boat until it should float ashore ; but no Bruin would have none of their company ; and they were obliged, each with an oar under his arm to sustain him, to make the best of their way to Sandy Point, the nearest shore. From here they had to go around the head of BuU- wagga Bay, and north as far as Port Henry, where they found their boat, minus their axe and other baggage, and were very glad to come off so well." " Indians in their visits," wrote Mr. Strong, " caused more fear than wild beasts, especially after the commencement of the Revolutionary struggle. Al though through the pohcy of some of the leading men of the Grants the Brit ish had been induced to treat the settlers on the east side of the lake with mildness, and had forbidden the Indians to molest them, yet their savageness was ready to burst forth on the slightest provocation. So much was this the case, that, if a ¦ party of Indians made their appearance when the men were absent the women allowed them to help themselves to whatever they liked. At one time a party came in when Mrs. Strong was alone. They first took the cream from the milk and rubbed it on their faces ; then rubbing soot on their hands, painted themselves in all the hideousness of the war-paint, and sang the war-sortg with whoop and dances. Just as they were leaving, one of them discovered a showy colored short gown, that her husband had just made her a birthday present of This he took, and putting it on, seemed greatiy delighted, and with yells and whoops they departed. She had a place between 24 366 History of Addison County. the outer wall of the house and the chimney where, whenever Indians were seen about, she used to hide her babe. A barrel of sour milk was kept, where a set of pewter dishes (a rare thing at the time) was, as soon as used, put for security. One day an Indian came in and saw a small plate, which he took, and making a hole in it, put in a string and wore it off as an ornament They would sometimes, when hungry, kill a hog or beef The following will show that their fears were not groundless : One morning in June, just when the sky takes on that peculiar hue that has given it the term, ' gray of the morning,' Mrs. Strong arose and went to a spring, a few rods from the house, standing on the bank of the lake. The birds had just commenced their morning matins, making ' woodland and lea ' vocal with song. The air was laden with the perfume of the wild flowers. Not a breath stirred a leaf or ruffled the glass like surface of the waters of the lake. She stopped a moment to enjoy it As she stood listening to the song of the birds, she thought she heard the dip of a paddle in the water, and looking through the trees that fringed the bank, saw a canoe filled with Indians. In a moment more the boat passed the trees in full view. A pole was fastened upright in the bow, on the top of which was the scalp of a little girl ten years old, her flaxen ringlets just stirred in the morning air, while streams of clotted blood all down the pole showed it was placed there whilst yet warm and bleeding. Whilst horror froze her to the spot, she thought she recognized it as the hair of a beautiful child of a dear friend of hers, living on the other side of the lake. She saw other scalps at tached to their waist-belts, whilst two other canoes further out in the lake, each had the terrible signal at their bows. The Indians, on seeing her, gave the war-whoop, and made signals as though they would scalp her; and she fled to the house hke a frightened deer The day brought tidings that their friends Ort the other side had all been massacred and scalped, six in number, and their houses burned. " The morning previous to the taking of Crown Point by Burgoyne, Mrs. Strong was sittirtg at the breakfast-table. Her two oldest sons, Asa and Sam uel, had started at daylight to hunt for young cattle that had strayed in the woods. Her husband had gone to Rutland to procure supplies of beef for the American forces at Ticonderoga and Crown Point, when a daughter of Kellogg (afterwards Mrs. Markham) came rushing in with, ' The Indians are coming, and we are all flying. There are bateaux at the Point to take us off, and you must hurry ! ' And back she ran to help her own folks, her father then being a prisoner in Quebec. Mrs. Strong was in very feeble health, to tally unable to encounter hardships or fatigue ; her husband away, her two old est sons in the woods, and no one to warn or seek them. There was no way but to try and save the children that were with her She took her youngest, a babe of six months (Cyrus), and putting him in a sack, with his head and shoulders out, fastened him on the back of her eldest daughter, and making up Town of Addison. 367 a bundle for each of the other children of the most necessary clothing, started them for the Point, charging them not to loiter or wait for her, and she would overtake them. After putting out the fire she closed the house, leaving the breakfast- table standing as it was when they first heard the news. She trav eled on as fast as she was able until she came to the north bank of Hospital Creek. V Here, entirely exhausted, she sat down, when Spaulding, of Panton, who waited to see all off, and also the approach of the foe, came riding at full gaUop up the road, and seeing her sitting where she was, said, ' Are you crazj?^ ? The Indians are in sight, — the lake is covered, and the woods are full of them ! ' She told him she could go no further. He dismounted, and plac ing her on the piUion, remounted, and putting his horse to his speed, arrived just as the last bateaux containing her children was putting off, — it having re mained as long as they dared on her account She was put on board, Spauld ing going on with his horse. That night they arrived at Whitehall. Here the settlers scattered in many directions, — some returning to Connecticut, others going east Zadock Everest and family, with other neighbors, went east, and she went with them. Asa and Samuel, as they returned towards night, saw, by the columns of smoke coming up from every house, that the Indians must have been there. They hid themselves until dark, and then cautiously approaching, found their house a blazing ruin. BeUeving that the family had escaped, they retraced their steps, and made the best of their way towards Otter Creek. At daylight they found themselves near Snake Mountain. Fortunately, when they left home the morning previous, they took a gun and ammunition. They shot a partridge and roasted it, saving a part for their dinner, and pushed on, and in about a week found their mother and the rest of the children. They then hired a log-house, the older boys working out, and each doing what they could for their support " Strong, hearing that Burgoyne had taken Crown Point, left his cattle at Brandort, and hastened for his home. On coming within sight of the forts he secreted himself until night. He then moved on cautiously, for fear of the Indians. On reaching the center of a narrow ridge of land, just south of Foard's Creek, with a marsh on either side, covered with a dense growth of alders and willow, a yell, as demoniac as though the gates of the infernal re gions had opened upon him, burst forth, and instantly he was surrounded by more than 200 savages, whooping and swinging their tomahawks over his head. Instant death seemed inevitable. A Tory was in command. Having heard that he was expected in with cattle, he had got the assistance of this band of Indians to intercept him. After a few moments he partially stilled the Indians, and addressing Strong, asked : ' Where are your cattle ? ' Strong answered, ' Safe.' This short and disappointing answer fairly drove him mad with rage, and no doubt he would have sacrificed him on the spot, if an old chief, who knew Strong, had not interposed. Strong then told them to take him to the 368 History of Addison County. fort, and whatever was proper for him to answer he would cheerfully do. He was then bound and taken to the other side, and placed in the guard-house until morning. When he was brought before the commanding officer, who was Colonel Frasier (afterward killed at StiUwater), Strong explained who he was, the uucertain fate of his family, and his anxiety on their account Frasier generously let him go on parole until the middle of November, when he was to be at Crown Point, to go with the army and prisoners to Canada. After thanking him, and just as he was leaving, he said : ' Colonel, suppose the army never returns, how then ? ' Frasier, smiling incredulously, said : ' Then you are released from aU obligation ; ' and ordering a supply of provisions for his journey, dismissed him. He now procured a boat and went to his house, which he found in ashes. After searchirtg for any remains that might be left, in case his wife and children had been burned in the house, he returned to the fort, where he procured a passage up the lake to Whitehall. He was here completely at fault as to which way his family had gone, but was induced to believe they were in Connecticut, whither he went, but found they had not been there, and returned and went in another direction, and after weeks of fruitless search, had almost despaired of finding them, when one evening, weary and foot-sore, he called at a log house in Dorset, Vt, for entertainment for the night It was quite dark. A flickering light from the dying embers only ren dered things more indistinguishable. He had just taken a seat when a smart little woman, with a pail of milk, came in and said : ' Moses, can't you take the gentleman's hat ? ' That voice ! He sprang towards her. ' Agnes ! ' and she, with outstretched arms : ' John ! O, John !' How quick the voice of loved ones strikes upon the ear and vibrates through the heart ! That was a happy night in the little log house. The chUdren came rushing in, and each in turn received their father's caress. Smiles of happiness and tears of joy mingled freely, for a father and husband was restored as from the dead. They had received no tidings from him after he left his cattle and went to look for them, and they mourned him as dead." Such thrUling and pathetic incidents and anecdotes might be multiplied to fill a volume, in which most of the eariy settlers shared ; but these must suffice for this town. Benjamin Kellogg brought his family into the town in 1766. He traded his farm of one hundred acres in Connecticut for 3,000 acres lying in Addison and Panton. When the settlers were driven off, Kellogg went to Mount Hope, N. Y., with his family, and subsequently to Bennington, where he took part in the battle there. Subsequently he and Lieutenant Everest came back to Addi son to look after the cattle they had left here, and found that a Mr Gale had sold them to the British, and had also reported their owners as spies. They were both captured on the strength of this accusation, but Everest escaped, whUe Kellogg was taken to St. Johns, where he was imprisoned about a year. Town of Addison. 369 He was then liberated, but in making his way to a neighboring village was so badly frozen that he died soon after Mrs. Kellogg died at Ticonderoga in 1792. Zadock Everest came to Addison in the summer of 1765 and began his clearing, as before mentioned. On his place he built a log house and there kept the first public house in the county. After the breaking out of the war he fled with his family to WhitehaU, and from thence sought refuge in Pawlet, Rutiand county, where he was elected representative in March, 1784. During that year he returned to Addison, and represented the town of Panton in 1785 and Addison in 1788, 1789 and 1795 ; he also held the prominent town offices through a series of years and was a prominent man. His dwelling was used for a time as the county court-house, and afterwards as a dwelling and a jail. Mr. Everest's remains rest in Lake View cemetery, and the following inscrip tion marks his tomb-stone : HERE rests the REMAINS OF Zadock Everest, Esq., Born in Saybrook, Conn., March 5, 1744. In the fourth year of his age he removed with his father, Benjamin Everest, to Salisbury, Conn., where he lived until twenty-one years of age : in the fall of the same year, A. D. 1765, he removed to Addison, Vt, where he lived until Ar nold's defeat on Lake Champlain, A. D. 1776, at which time he was driven from his home by the enemy : In May, 1783, after the close of the Revolutionary War, he moved back to Addi son, where he lived until his decease, much beloved and respected : He died April 30, 1825, in the eighty-second year of his age, leaving a widow and twelve children to mourn his death : He was a beloved husband, an affectionate father, and an ornament to the church. Lieutenant Benjamin Everest came with his father to Addison when he was sixteen years old ; his father's name was also Benjamin, and Zadock was his brother. He is said to have been a man of prowess and courage, and with his brother was conspicuous in aiding AUen and Warner to drive out the " York ers " from the county. On receipt of news of the battle of Lexington, Ever est repaired to AUen's headquarters, and was given a lieutenant's commission. He was with Allen when he entered the fort at Ticonderoga, and went with Warner to the capture of Crown Point. After AUen was made prisoner Ev erest and his company was assigned to Colonel Seth Warner's regiment, and took part in the battle of Hubbardton and also at Bennington, for his bravery in which he received the thanks of Warner The account of his thrUling es cape from a party of Indians is thus related by Colonel Strong : " After the capture of Burgoyne, Everest obtained a furlough, with the in tention of visiting Addison to look after his father's property — his father hav ing gone back to Connecticut with his family. Not knowing how matters stood in that section, he approached warily, keeping on the highlands between Otter Creek and the lake, intending to strike the settlement of Vergennes and then turn back to Addison. Arriving at the falls at dark he kindled a fire and lay down. About midnight he was awoke by the war-whoop, and found him- 370 History of Addison County. self a prisoner to a party of Indians that were on their way to Lake Memphra magog, to attend a council of most of the tribes of Canada, New York and New England, He suffered much from the thongs with which he was bound at the first, but uuderstanding the nature of the Indians very well, he so gained their confidence that they showed him more leniency afterwards. On the breaking up of the council he was brought back to the western shore of Lake Champlain, near Whallon's Bay, where they encamped for the winter. He had been pondering in his mind for a long time various plans for escape, but concluded to wait until the lake was frozen. It was now December, and the lake had been frozen for some two or three days, the ice as smooth as glass ; the sun shone out quite pleasant, artd the air was comfortable. The Indians prepared for a frolic on the ice ; many of them had skates and were very good skaters. Everest asked to be permitted to go down and see the sport, as he had never seen any one skate ; they gave him leave to go, two or three evi dently keeping an eye on him. He expressed his wonder and delight at their performances so naturally that all suspicion was lulled. After a time, when the Indians began to be tired, and many were taking off their skates, he asked a young Indian, who had just taken off a very fine pair, to let him try and skate. This the Indian readily consented to, expecting to have sport out of the white man's falls and awkwardness. Everest put on the skates, got up, and no sooner up than down he came, striking heavily on the ice ; and again he essayed to stand and down he fell, and so continued to play the novice untU all the Indians had come in from outside on the lake. He had contrived to stumble and work his way some fifteen or twenty rods from the nearest, when he turned and skated a rod or two toward them, and partly falUng, he got on his knees, and began to fix and tighten his skates. This being done, he rose, and striking a few strokes toward the eastern shore, he bent to his work, giv ing, as he leaned forward, a few insulting slaps to denote that he was off. With a whoop and a yell of rage, the Indians that had on their skates started in pur suit. He soon saw that none could overtake him, and felt quite confident of his escape. After getting more than half across the lake, and the ice behind him covered with Indians, he looked toward the east shore and saw two In dians coming round a point directly in front of him. This did not alarm him, for he turned his course directly up the lake. Again he looked and saw his pursuers (excepting two of their best skaters, who followed directly in his track) had spread themselves in a line from shore to shore. He did not at first understand it, but after having passed up the lakcabout three mUes, he came suddenly upon one of those immense cracks or fissures in the ice that so fre quently occur when the ice is glare. It ran in the form of a semi-circle from shore to shore, the arch in the center and up the lake. He saw he was in a trap. The Indians on his flanks had already reached the crack in the ice artd were coming down towards the middle. He flew along the edge of the crack, Town of Addison. 371 but no place that seemed possible for human power to leap was there. But the enemy was close upon him ; he took a short run backward, and then shoot ing forward hke lightrting, with every nerve strained, he took the leap, and just reached the farther side. None of the Indians dared to follow. Finding snow on the ice at Panton, he left it and made good his way to his regiment." Irt 1778 Everest commanded the fort at Rutland, and many other deeply exciting narratives of his experiences in those troubled days are related of him, for which we cannot spare space. He died a member of the Baptist Church and much respected in the county. His tomb-stone bears the foUowing in scription : Lieut. Benjamin Everest , was born at Salisbury, Conn., Jan. 12, 1752, and moved with his father [Benjamin] to this town in 1 768, and died here March 3, 1843, aged 91 years. Thus lies the Christian, The Philanthropist, The Revolutionary hero And the Patriot. General David Whitney came here soon after the Revolution and located upon the farm previously owned by Kellogg ; but subsequently removed to a farm on the north bank of Ward's Creek, where he resided until a few years previous so his death, when he removed to Bridport He died May 10, 1850, aged ninety-three years. He was a member of the constitutional conventions of 1793, 1814, 1836 and 1843 ; represented Addison in the Legislatures of 1790, '92, '93, '97, '98, 1808 to 1815, and '24, and was during his long life here one of the leading men of the town. Jonah^Case located in the northeastern part of the town, on the old "'Squire Arzah Crane place," where William J. Conant recently resided. The old brick house is still standing, built by him in 1780 — the first brick dwelling erected in the county. Here he kept a public house for a long time, and the county courts were held here for several years. It is said that Case first built a log house, but while putting on the roof the building was blown down, and that he then built the present house, of brick manufactured on the farm. In the ma sonry at each corner of the building was placed a pint of liquor and a piece of silver, that the occupaut " might never be without whiskey nor money." Benjamin Southard, from New Jersey, settled upon a farm in the southern part of the town ; married Cynthia Mason, reared fourteen children, and died August 7, 1845. Ransom Southard is the only descendant now in the town. Ebenezer MerrUl and his sons, Aaron and Correll, were early settiers in the northeastern part of the town. He died here March 8, 1827, aged eighty- two years. Correll reared a family of eight children, of whom Charles is the only one now living, and died August 29, 1849, , in his eighty- third year Hi ram Merrill is a son of Aaron. 372 History of Addison County. Asa Willmarth, one of the five brothers of John WiUmarth, and the pro- gertitor of the Willmarth families now in Addison, was born in Providence, R. I., April 27, 1746, and married Chloe Peck, September 20, 1770. They resided in North Adams, Mass., for a time, then immigrated to Addison in 1788, locating in the eastern part of the town. The country was then nearly an unbroken wilderness, the road to Vergennes being simply a bridle path marked by blazed trees. Asa died February 8, 1830. At the time of his wife's death, October 22, 1829, they had lived together fifty-nine years and raised a family of ten children, eight of whom became the heads of families. Five were sons, who settled about the old homestead so closely that their farms adjoined. The daughters married and moved away, two of them to Canton and one to Farmington, N. Y. A representative of each of the brothers now resides on the respective homesteads. Asa Willmarth, sr., erected a framed dwelling modeled after the style of those times, east of which there were but three others in the township ; but this was subsequently remodeled into the present comfortable and handsome residence. The farm descended to George, and from him to Asa, the present proprietor George was a public-spirited man ; represented the town in the Legislature ; was a justice of the peace many years, and served in the War of 18 12. Asa has in his possession several interesting relics, among which is a powder-horn which was used at the battle of Bennington, a pair of knee-breeches worn by his grandfather, and the old sword and epaulets worn by George when captain of the State miUtia. Amos Smith came here in 1788, locating upon the farm now owned by Olin A. Smith. He died soon after, leaving a family of eight children, four of whom, Henry, Daniel, Rufus and Russell, located in the eastern part of the town. The four eldest sons were all at the battle of Plattsburgh, and were prisoners of the War of 1812. Truman, son of Henry, aged over eighty years, is still a resident of the town. Olin is a son of Daniel. Henry Smith, son of Amos, was born in Cheshire, Mass., October 6, 1769. He married Anna Blanchard, daughter of Seth Blanchard, of Adams, Mass., February 7, 1790, and moved with his father's family to Addison in the spring of 1790, and settled on the farm, a part of which is stUl owned by his youngest son, Truman Henry Smith, better known as 'Squire Smith, was a prominent citi zen of his day, having been justice of the peace nearly fifty years, represented the town in the Legislature during the years 1833-34, and at different times held all the offices within the gift of the people of Addison. His family con sisted of three sons and two daughters. His oldest son, Amos, was born November 27, 1794; married Barbara Westcott, daughter of Stukely West- cott, of Charlotte. He purchased the farm joining his father's on the south, at the time of his marriage, in 18 19; he owned and occupied this farm untU his death, which occurred in November, 1874. His family consisted of two sons and two daughters. His youngest son, Stukely, survives him and resides Town of Addison. 373 on the homestead. Stukely W. Smith was born February 19, 1826; married to Mariah O. Dorwin May 27, 1884, and like his grandfather Henry has been elected to all the offices within the gift of the people of the town. His family consisted of two sons and one daughter His oldest son, Dr M. D. Smith, was born AprU 28, 1848, graduated in April, 1870, from the old Eclectic Col lege of Philadelphia, and in 1884 from Hahnnemann College, Chicago. (See Middlebury Chapter.) James Stickle, born in New Jersey in 1769, came to Addison in early life, locating in the eastern part of the town, where he died December 18, 1850. The homestead came into Charles Stickle's possession in 1 847, who was born in 1807, and in 1878 reverted to H. A. Stickle, the present owner, it having never left the family since it was reclaimed from the wilderness. John Fisher, from Massachusetts, located in the eastern part of the town, upon the farm now owned by Osman H. Fisher, at an early date. The home stead passed into the hands of his son Henry, and from him reverted to Osman H. John, whose remains rest in the cemetery near Olin Smith's place, had a family of five children. Elijah Elmer, from Amherst, Mass., came to Addison in 1783, locating upon the farm now owned by his grandson, Wright Elmer. He had a family of four sons, only one of whom, Chester, attained mature age. He married a sister of Governor Silas Wright Frank Adams, from Salisbury, one of the original proprietors, was an early settler. His father, Benjamin, came on subsequently, locating upon the farm now owned by his great-grandson, William Adams. Benjamin was commis sioned a second lieutenant by President Hancock in 1776, and afterwards took a prominent part in the war. William Allis, from Massachusetts, came to Addison in 1785, locating upon the farm now owned by Edgar, son of the late Nathaniel Allis, who was his last surviving chUd. The present house was built by Nathaniel in 183 1, suc ceeding the old log house. Daniel Champion, a Revolutionary soldier, was an early settler, locating near Chimney Point Newell B. Smith, who came here in 1800, and after ward served in the War of 1812, married Electa, one of Daniel's twelve chil dren. Austin Smith is the only one of their children now Uving. Abel Norton, from Connecticut, located upon the farm now owned by Hi ram Norton, in 1790, and died here in 1833, aged fifty-six years. Hiram has eight children, all of whom except Lucy (Mrs. F. M. Moulton, of Vergennes) reside near the old farm. Gideon Seeger, from Shaftsbury, Vt, located upon the farm now owned by Byron Smith in 179 1. He was one of the early postmasters, an office he re tained for many years, and which was afterwards held for a long time by Gid eon, jr Luman Seeger, here now, is a grandson of Gideon. 374 History of Addison County. Peleg Whitford, the founder of the Whitford family in Addison, was born in Rhode Island in 1744, and after three months' schooling was apprenticed to a tailor. He married in the town of Coventry, and removed to Lartesboro, Mass., living for a short time near a place called " Cheshire Meeting-House," and since known as "Whitford's Rocks." In the spring of 1781 he again moved, this time to Shaftsbury, Vt., where he remained until February, 1802, when he sold out and came to this town, and resided here until his death, at the age of eighty-eight years. His only son, William, was a resident of the town many years, served in the War of 1812, and left a family of ten children. Levi Meeker came to Addison from Ehzabeth town, N. Y., in 1806, locating in the southeastern part of the town upon the farm lately owned by Horace Meeker, deceased, and now the property of his nephew. He held various town offices, and died at the age of seventy-eight years. Israel Taylor came to Addison from Middlebury in 18 16. He followed the carpenter and joiner trade ; reared nine children, two of whom, Cyrillo H. and Esther, now reside here. Samuel J. Benedict is a son of John Benedict, an early settler in Wey bridge, who died in Cornwall in 1873, aged eighty-seven years. S. J. Bene dict has been in Addison thirty-four years, thirty-one of which on this place, which he sold to his son-in-law, Frederick P. Owen, in the spring of 1883. Arnold GuUey, from Rhode Island, came to Addison in 1804, locating upon the place now occupied by his son Erasmus. Henry Brevoort came from West Haven, Vt, in 181 1, and located upon the farm now owned by his son Henry F. He was a tanner and shoemaker by trade, and a very public-spirited man. He represented the town in the Legislature in 1825-26 ; was a justice of the peace thirty years, and died here in 1880, aged ninety- two years. James Gorham came on foot from Massachusetts in 1810, locating upon the farm now owned by his son Edward. He was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and was ever respected as an upright, industrious citizen. Gideon Carpenter, from Bennington, Vt., located in 1 802 upon the farm now occupied by his son Isaiah. He had four children, viz. : Ruth, who mar ried Daniel Jackson ; Roxana, who married Erasmus GuUey ; Truman, a resi dent of Vergennes, and Isaiah. Gideon died in 1803 or '04, aged eighty- four years. Asaph Haywood, who settled in Weybridge in 1805, upon the farm now occupied by Joseph Brown, was the grandfather of Bertjamin Haywood, who resides in the northeastern part of this town. James Hindes came from New Jersey in 1800, locating upon the farm now owned by Aaron Hindes, in that part of the town krtown as " Nortontown," The homestead descended from James to Aaron, and thence to Aaron, jr, who has been a prominent man in town affairs, being now upwards of severtty-five years of age. Town of Addison. 375 Wheeler French located in Addison in 1833, and his father, Nathaniel, was one of the early settlers in New Haven. George, son of Wheeler, now resides here, one of the ex-representatives of the town in the General Assembly. John Vartderhoof, from New Jersey, located uport the farm now owned by his grartdsort, Oliver Vartderhoof, early in the present century. Asahel Barnes was a native of Bristol, Court. From there he removed to New Haven, where he remained about seven years, then went to Canada and remained two years, and finally, in 1823, came to Addison, locating upon the place now occupied by his son Asahel, jr. The earhest settler on this place was Benjamin Paine, though Mr. Barnes bought it of James Lewis, whose wife was an adopted daughter of Paine. Mr Barnes died in June, 1859, in his eighty- second year, while on a visit to his daughter, Mrs. Alfred Roscoe, of New Ha ven. Asahel, jr., was born in 18 ID, at Bristol, Conn., and came to Addison with his father. He purchased the homestead in 1844. In 1837 he removed to Canada, but returned in 1845. Mr. Barnes married Salina Northrup, of Burlington, October 8, 1844, who died May 14, 1847, and in November, 1849, he married Ellen S. Crane, of Addison. Mr Barnes has had six chUdren born to him, though but four are living, viz. : Charles N., born March 28, 1847, now residing with his father; Albert, born in June, 1853, now of Chicago; Ella, born in September, 1854, wife of Winslow C. Watson, of Plattsburgh, N. Y. ; and Millard FiUmore, born August 21, 1856. Arzah Crane came from Burlington in 18 14 and settled on the farm now occupied by Shepard Olcott, about one and one-fourth miles north of Asahel Barnes's. His daughter Ellen is the wife of Asahel Barnes. He died at Essex, N. Y., in 1861. In the following paragraph we give briefly the names and the location chosen by a number of the early settlers, which, with what we have already written, wiU give the reader a tolerable idea of the town in its early days : John Murray located upon the farm now owned by Judson Hurd. The Picket family located in the southwestern part of the town, on the lake shore. Jeremiah Day located near "The Corners," but subsequently moved to Can ton ; among his descendants are Judson and George Day. Levi Hanks, father of WilUam, located in the southeastern part of the town, near Asa Willmarth's; Lyman Hurd, just south of Asa Willmarth's ; Simon Smith, in the northeast ern part of the town ; Samuel Low, in the eastern part of the town ; Eli Squires settied in the northeastern part of the towrt. Isaiah Clark settied rtear the certter of the town and had three sons, Lyman,' Asahel and Isaiah, jr, and Lyman occupies the old homestead. Asahel is represented by his sons Warren D. and Isaiah, jr, by his son George, and a daughter, Mrs. Byron Smith ; Thomas Dexter, in the western part of the town ; Otis Pond upon the place now owned by George Clark. Aaron Warner located upon a farm north of the present residence of C. W. Reed. Justus Smith, father of Byron Smith, 376 History of Addison County. lived and died about three-fourths of a mile east of the meeting-house at the Center. Joseph Spencer lived in the northeast part of the town upon the farm now occupied by Joseph Barber, and had a son Joseph and a daughter Susan. Andrew Murray settled in the western part of the town. The Sacket famUy located in the northeastern part of the town ; Jeremiah Adams and David White in the northeastern part of the town ; Robert Chambers in the western part of the town ; Jacob and John Post in the neighborhood of the Willmarths ; William Mills in the northeastern part of the town. David Pond settled upon the farm now owned by his son Alvin. Benjamin Norton settled in what is now known as "Nortontown." John Herriman located in the southwestern part of the town, near Hospital Creek, which formerly bore his name. Town Organization. — The town was organized and the first town meeting held March 29, 1784, when the following list of officers was chosen to govern its affairs : Captain Zadock Everest, moderator ; Colonel John Strong, clerk ; Colonel John Strong, Zadock Everest and Joshua Whitney, selectmen ; Colonel John Strong, treasurer; Lieutenant David Vallance, constable; Benjamin Paine, Benjamin Everest and Lieutenant Joshua Whitney, listers ; David Vallance, collector; Colonel John Strong, leather sealer; John Ward and Ebenezer Wright, grand jurors; Joseph Chilson, tithingman; Timothy Woodford, brander of horses ; Samuel Strong, pound-keeper ; and Benjamin Everest and David Whitney, fence viewers. It was also voted at this meeting that " Colonel Strong's cow-yard be and is hereby made a pound for the present year." That " the bank of the Lake for this year be Considered as a Lawful fence." Among important and quaint votes recorded in the town records during the first few years of the town's corporate existence may be quoted the fol lowing : September, 1784. — That the town be divided into two school districts, north and south districts. 1785. — An early highway was surveyed from Hospital Creek, northward to the south line of Panton to be ten rods wide. Surveyed by David Val lance. 1789. — Survey was accepted of a road from Bridport to Panton, through Addison near Snake Mountain, eight rods wide. 1797. — Committee of selectmen appointed to "find out the center of the town." 1798. — Voted " to see if the inhabitants will agree to petition the General Assembly of the State next to be holden at Vergennes, to divide the town of Addison into two distinct towrts, making Dead (Creek) the divisional lirte." 1800. — Town divided into seven districts. 1801. — "Voted to divide the town into two parishes." 1812. — "Voted to divide the town into nine school districts." Town of Addison. 377 The part taken by the early inhabitartts of this town in the wars of the Revolution artd 18 12 has beert described in preceding pages ; but it may be added that the descendants of Addison's pioneers fuUy sustained the records of their ancestors for bravery and patriotism, when the country was threatened with internal war. Men and money were freely supplied for the preservatiort of the Union, and many fell in defense of their country. The foUowiug list gives the rtames of those who enlisted in the town in Vermont organizations, as compiled by the adjutant- general : Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : J. Q. Adams, D. Barrow, P. Barrow, S. Bachman, C. Bowers, E. Casey, W. D. Clark, G. W. Converse, J, Crowley, L. Davis, G. H. Dobbin, S. Eaton, H. Elmer, W. F. Elmer, E. Fuller, W. Fuller, O. Gordon, F. Harris, G. A. Holcomb, W. J. Hurd, E. McKenzie, J. Morgan, L. Murray, C. Norton, H. Palmer, C. H. Smith, D. Smith, L. Smith, J. Turney, J. Vanderhoof, O. S. Van- derhoof Credits under caU of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls : Volunteers for three years. — J. Arno, B. P. Bowers, J. Bogor, jr, D. S. Day, E. Dushon, A. H. Harris, I. C. Heath, S. Knight, H. Laptad, J. MiUer, jr., A. Mumble, D. Murray, L. Murray, P. Ruin, L. St Clair, L. Tatro, M. H. Taylor. Volunteers for one year. — E. Briggs, jr., C. M. Bucklin, D. W. Clark, H. M. Fifield, D. St. Johns, J. F. Todd. Volunteers re-enlisted. — J. Bovia, J. Daniels, J. Morgan. Not credited by name. — Two men. Volunteers for Nine Months. — P. Berges, M. A. Clark, A. Dachno, J. W. Dallison, A. Dayton, C. L. Elmer, H. B. Heustis, P. Finegan, F King, W. H. MerriU, A. L. Norton, F. Pasno, J. Pecu, C. Riley, C. Sprigg, J. A. Strong, R. C. Whitford. Furnished under draft. — Paid commutation, D. R. Brown, E. A. Field, O. H. Fisher, F. Morby, V. Norton, B. Smith, L. H. Smith, W. D. Smith, G. H. Sprigg, H. Warner, T. S. Warren, P. C. Whitford. The growth and fluctuations in the town's population may be seen in the following statistics from the census reports for each decade since 1791: 1791, 401; 1800, 734; 1810, 1,100; 1820, 1,210; 1830, 1,306; 1840, 1,229; 1850, 1,279; i860, 1,000; 1870, 911; 1880, 847. municipal HISTORY. Addison is exclusively an agricultural township. Though one of the oldest and in a historical point of view one of the most important towns in the State, the only settlement within its limits at all approaching the dignity of a village 378 History of Addison County. is a small cluster of houses in the northeastern part of the town, and known as " The Corners." Here is located the town hall. As early as 1830 there were two stores located here, and the mercantile business was continued down to about ten years ago, the last merchant being Stephen Gregory. Chimney Point was formerly a place of considerable importance, and bid fair to one day be the site of a flourishing village. But with the advent of the railroad the course of commerce was taken from the lake ; the village decUned and its ortce crowded wharf has long since gone to decay. Asahel Barrtes, sr, began keeping hotel here at art early date. In 1841 this was taken by George B. Pease, who ran the business about four years and failed, when Asahel Barnes, jr., bought the property and kept the hotel down to about 1 861, when he gradu ally discontinued the business, Irt 1824 Amos B. Chubb opened a store here, and after a time was succeeded by Byron Murray, who continued the business until 1837. He was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Goodwin, a Methodist clergyman, artd by Benjamin C. Needham, down to about 1854, when the busirtess was discontinued. Asahel Barnes, sr, had a cabinet and clock-shop here a few years. The ferry at the Point was established a few years before Asahel Barnes, sr., came here, and has been continued since. It is now corttroUed by John Wright, though Asahel Barnes, jr, had it for a number of years prior to 1885. West Addison is a small hamlet located in the western part of the town. Town Line is the postal name given a neighborhood on the Une between Addison and Bridport. Postmasters. — The first post-office in the town was estabUshed at Chimney Point about 1823, with Amos B. Chubb, postmaster He held the office about two years, and was succeeded by Byron Murray, and he by Asahel Barnes, sr, who held the office until he went to Buriington, in 1 841, when Dr Prentiss Che ney had it for a time ; then Dr. David C. Goodale, and finally, in the autumn of 1847, it was taken by Asahel Barnes, jr., who has been continued in the office up to the present time. At the Corners a very early postmaster was Gideon Seeger The present incumbent of the office. Miss R. E. Watson, succeeded Stephen Gregory in 1876. West Addison has for its postmaster Milo Everest The Town Line office, only established about two years ago, is held by Elisha Smith. The Grandview House, located upon the summit of Snake Mountain, was built in 1874 by Jonas N. Smith, the present proprietor It has an observa tory sixty- eight feet in height, from which an unexceUed view of the surround ing country may be obtained, showing quite distinctly the old forts at Ticonder oga and Crown Point, a fine view of Lake George, South Bay, West White hall, Lake Champlain from South Bay to Cumberiand Head, Crown Point vii- Town of Addison. 379 lage and furnaces. Port Henry and its two furnaces, Moriah Four Corners, Mo riah Center, Mineville, Westport, Split Rock, Point Essex, the spires of churches in Plattsburgh, Middlebury, Vergennes, Bristol, North Ferrisburgh, Panton, Bridport, Shoreham, Orwell, Whiting, Leicester, Salisbury, Brandon, Sudbury, the Adirondack Mountains from Fort Edward on the Hudson to their northern terminus, and the Green Mountains from near Massachusetts on the south to their northern terminus in Canada, while forty-two churches may be counted from the tower, ecclesiastical. A Congregational Church was organized in the western part of the town by Rev. Job Swift, assisted by Rev. Increase Graves, of Bridport, in Novem ber, 1804, its members being as follows: John Strong, Solomon Butler, Jacob Hindes, Oliver Smith, Lyman Grandey, Ichabod Bartlett, Anna Butler, Mary Ann Swift, Mary Grandey, Eunice Smith, Triphena Henderson, Sarah G. Swift, and Sally Hickox. The church services were held in the old academy, located two miles north of Asahel Barnes's. A few years after the academy was moved about a mile and a half east on to the east road and made into a church. The church has passed away, though the buildings are standing yet. Meetings continued until 1852, Rev. Benjamin Abbott being the last pastor. There is now only one member of this old church in town, Mrs. Wright, daughter of Ichabod Bartlett, now one hundred and two years old. The old academy stood on the place now owned by Daniel Smith, and was once quite an important irtstitution. The Addison Baptist Church, located at Addison village, was organized by a council consisting of the Baptist Churches of Cornwall, Shoreham, Panton, and Pleasant Valley, in 1797, having twelve members. Rev. Samuel Rogers was the first regular pastor. The present church was erected in 1 8 1 7, though it was repaired and greatly improved in 1 849. It is a pleasant wood structure, having accommodations for 250 persons, and valued, including grounds, etc., at $4,000. The society now has fifty members, with Rev. J. H. Archibald, D. D., pastor, who was installed in October, 1883. Its deacons are Rufus Smead and Asa Willmarth, and Rufus Smith, superintendent of the Sunday- school. The Methodist Church, located at West Addison, was organized by Rev. H. Meeker, the first settled pastor, in 1825, with six members. A church build ing was erected at an early date, which did service tiU 1881, when the present structure was erected, which will comfortably seat 200 persons, and is valued, including grounds, at $3,000. The society has about fifty members, but is now without a pastor and regular service. The Advent Christian Church of Addison, located in the eastern part of the town, was organized July 5, 1850, by about thirty members from the Bap- 38o History of Addison County. tist Church, who had united with others who held the truth of the Advent faith. Rev. Pliny B. Morgan, the first pastor, was mainly instrumeutal in effect ing the organization. The church building was erected in 1849, costing $1,- 000, and is valued, iucluding grounds, at $1,200, and is capable of accom modating 250 persons. There is no regular pastor serving the church at present CHAPTER XVII. HISTORY OF THE TOW^N OF BRIDPORT. BRIDPORT lies upon the lake shore, the center one of the county's western tier of towns. It is bounded on the north by Addison ; on the east by Weybridge and Cornwall ; south by Shoreham, aud west " by the center of the deepest channel of Lake Champlain." The charter deed which brought the township into existence was signed by Benning Wentworth, the royal gov ernor of New Hampshire under King George III, October 9, 1761, granting to Ebenezer Wiswall and sixty-three others " a tract of land six miles long, from north to south, and seven miles broad from east to west, bounded on the west by the waters of ' Wood Creek ' " ; for such was the early name of this part of Lake Champlain. This charter gave these sixty-four grantees, most of whom were residents of Worcester county, Mass., 25,000 acres of land, the same that makes up the area of the Bridport of to-day, for no material changes have been made in the town's original boundary lines. The surface of this tract which England's erratic king granted to " his lov ing subjects," for the " due encouragement of settUng a new plantation in our said province," is generally level, with perhaps just hiUs and rolling land enough to lend a pleasing landscape contour The soU is principally a brittle marl, or clay, with loam upon the higher land. The timber in the eastern part of the township is mostly maple and beach, and in the western part oak, with some white and Norway pine along the border of the lake. Few streams or springs of importance are afforded, while the water, except that of a few good wells, is somewhat distasteful for drinking or domestic purposes in some parts of the town on account of a strong impregnation of epsom salts, making it taste brackish; for this reason rain-water is extensively used. The streams are low and sluggish, affording no good mill facilities ; on this account manufac turing has never been carried on here, the inhabitants being almost entirely devoted to farming and stock and sheep- raising, the latter occupation latterly and for many years taking precedence. Lemon Fair River is the largest stream. It crosses a portion of the southeastern part of the town, where it flows through a heavy swamp and is joined by Birchard's Creek. It is alsb Ir,^.ii.r.ruter Town of Bridport. 381 swelled by one or two other small tributaries. Two streams rise in the south ern part of the town, called East and West Branches, respectively, flowing north into Addison, where they unite to form Dead Creek. These, with the exception of several small brooks which empty into the lake, are the only streams in the township. Settlement and Organization. — The first deed of land recorded in Bridport bears date May 20, 1766. It was given by Colonel Ephraim Doolittle, and reads as follows : " For six pounds to me in hand paid by Daniel Hemenway, of Shrewsbury, Worcester county, Mass., to six rights of land granted by his Majesty King George III, under seal of the province of New Hampshire, situate on Wood Creek or South Bay Waters, on the east side thereof, near Crown Point and Ticonderoga forts. The rights granted to Nathan Baldwin, Samuel Crawford, Nahum WiUard, Samuel Brewer, Noah Jones and Jacob Hemenway, which I, Ephraim Doolittle, have received deeds of release from the original proprie tors, which township of lands are now in the province of New York, set my hand and seal, May 20, 1766, in the sixth year of his Majesty's reign. " Ephraim Doolittle." This deed, it seems, was the initiatory step in a scheme formulated by Colonel Doolittle to colonize the town on something after the co-operative plan. He succeeded in inducing a number to locate in the southwestern part of the town, where they began improvements, holding all things in common, but not bringing their families to the new territory. This plan, however, proved abortive. Fever and ague prevailed extensively, and after a time all had left except the colonel, who spent several seasons in this vicinity and in Shoreham. It will be noticed, also, that in this, the first deed recorded in the newly-granted township, intimation is given of the pending land-title troubles between New York and the " New Hampshire Grants," or Vermont In 1798, two years after the faUure of the plan above noted, the first per manent settlement was begun. PhiUp Stone, afterwards colonel, then twenty- one years of age, came from Groton, Mass., and commenced improvements on the lot of land he had purchased. Soon after, two famihes, Richardson and Smith, settled upon land held under the New York titles, and three, Towner, Chipman and Plumer, under New Hampshire titles. The second permanent settler was Samuel Smith. In the autumn of 1770 he started from New Jersey with his family and effects in a "Jersey wagon," drawn by a yoke of oxen. This conveyance they used until they arrived at Skenesboro (now Whitehall, N. Y.), where they disposed of the land-cortvey- artce and took passage in a bateau. Journeying dowrt the lake until they reached the township of Panton, they landed and located upon the land sub sequently owned by Nathan Spaulding, November 9, 1770. Here they re mained until 1773, when they removed to Bridport 25 382 History of Addison County. Not long after Mr. Smith and his family took up their residence here, such uncertainty, disquietude and unsafety arose among the settlers, irt consequence of the quarrel between the government of the province of New York and the people of the " Grants," and especially upon the reception of the news of the approach of Burgoyne's army, in 1777, that most ofthe famihes in the town, especially those who had settled on or near the shore of the lake, left their homes and moved to more quiet localities. A few remained, however, artd amortg the number was the family of Mr. Smith. Although frequently an noyed by the impertinertt demands and hostile demonstrations of the " York State mert," they succeeded iu maintaining full possession of their domicile, living in peaceful and friendly relations with the Indiarts, who frequently visited the settlement, until a short time previous to Carleton's raid in 1778. On receipt of the news of the approach of that irregular and destructive band, Mr. Smith's family, with the exception of Nathan and Marshall, after selecting what articles could be best carried on their backs and in their arms, the bundles being apportioned according to the age and strength of each, left their home and started through the forest to the stockade forts at Pittsford, in Rutland county. Nathan and Marshall remained for the purpose of securing, if possi ble, and secreting the fall crops which were then on the grourtd. The famUy left in September, though the hostile party did not actually arrive until the 1st of November. On the 4th of that month Nathan and Marshall, with a man by the name of Ward, were captured and taken to Quebec, while improve ments artd buildings erected in the settlement were destroyed by fire, one dwelling only in town escaping the general disaster. After a weary period of nineteen months' imprisonment in Canada, the young men succeeded in making their escape, and, after being once recaptured, finally reached the forts at Pitts ford. On their long journey thither they stopped one night in Bridport, stay ing in the abandoned house of Asa Hemenway, the only one that had escaped the ravages of the enemy. Nathan spent some three years in the neighborhood of Tinmouth, and in the spring of 1784 married Mrs. Wait Trask, formerly Miss Wait Allen, and immediately came on and settled upon the farm in Bridport, where he died about fifty years after. Soon after Nathan settled here he in vited his father and mother to reside with him, where they remained during their life, the death of the former occurring on the nth of November, 1798, aged seventy-eight years ; and the latter on December 22, 1800, aged seventy- four years. On the day that Mr. Smith took up his resideuce in Bridport, November 25, 1773, occurred the first marriage in the township, that of Philip Stone, the early settler, to a Miss Ward, of Addison, whose parents had recently moved into that town from Dover, N. Y. Miss Ward was a brave woman, even if viewed in the light of those heroic times, as was more than once evinced in the following few years of danger and trial. It seems that all the settlers' families Town of Bridport. 383 did not suffer the same as that of Mr. Smith from malicious mischief at the hands of predatory bands of savages, and among the unfortunate ones was that of Mr. Stone. At one time Mrs. Stone discovered one of these plundering parties " creeping up the bank towards the house, just in season to throw some things which she knew they would be sure to carry off, if found, out of a back window irtto the yard, and, concealing some valuables in her bosom, sat down to carding before they came prowling in. The Indians, not satisfied with what they found on the premises, drew near Mrs. Stone, who had been sitting dur ing the visitation with her children around her, carding aU the whUe, appa rently as unconcerned as though surrounded by friends, instead of Indians and thieves. Orte young savage, suspecting she had some things concealed about her person, attempted to run his hand into her bosom, whereupon she so dex terously cuffed him in the face with the teeth-side of her card, that he quickly recoiled from the invasion. Another young Indian flourished his tomahawk over her head ; but an old Indian, struck with admiration at the coolness and bravery of the woman, laughing in derision at the defeat of his companion, ejaculated heartily, ' Good squaw ! good squaw ! ' when he interfered and led off the predatory party, and Mrs. Stone kept quietly carding on, until quite sure they had made good their departure." At another time the house of Mr. Stone was thus visited, giving him just time to escape violence by flying into the woods. The savages first stripped the house of everything of value, then their leader, " Sanhoop," put on a frock the best shirt he could find, and led his party to the pig-sty, where he selected the best, and officiated as chief butcher ; and while his followers, whooping and dancing, carried off the butchered pig to their canoe, he stood flourishing his bloody sleeves. In the winter foUowing the marriage of Mr. Stone, a Mr Victory came into the township with his family and located near the lake shore. The following is a touching account of his death, which occurred soort afterward : " Taking his son, a lad of fourteen years, with him, he had gone up Lake George in a skiff, where, seized with an inflammatory fever, too sick to lift and ply a homeward oar, he landed on a solitary island, and, alone with this young son, who could only bathe his fever-parched lips with cool water from the lake and sorrowfully hold his dying head, he fainted by the way, was stricken in the wilderness, and died on the lonely isle of the lake. The affectionate son could not leave his dead father, perchance to some beast of prey, but stayed by the hfeless form till providentially a boat came so near he hailed it The men landed, drew rtear, and, touched by the sight they saw, buried the body tenderly and decently as they could, without coffin or shroud, and took the fatherless boy off from the island. In 1775 began irt Bridport in earnest the War of the Revolution. "A Tory, who was a tenartt in the house of a Mr. Prindle, set fire to the house 384 History of Addison County. and left, implicating Mr. Stone in the robbery and burrting. Mr. Stone, antici pating mischief, secreted himself among the bushes on the bank near his house, where he was discovered by the British, who fired upon him ; but the volley of grape-shot struck among the trees above him. They also fired upon his house artd some of the balls entered the room where his family were. They then sent a boat on shore, captured Mr. Stone, and took him to Ticonderoga, where he remained three weeks. Mrs. Stone, expectirtg he would be sent to Quebec, that she might again see her husband before his departure, shut up her two little children alone in their cabin, bidding the elder, which was but four years of age, to take good care of the baby till mother came back, who was going to take poor papa his clothes, went in a canoe to carry them, a distance of twelve miles, accompanied only by her brother, a lad of ten years. After she arrived, in order to gairt admittartce to her husband, she must remain over night. The mother thought of her babes alone in the cottage in the woods through all the long night ; but could she turn from the door of her husband's prison, and perhaps see him no more ? No, her babes the tender mother com mitted, in her heart, to the Good Father and tarried till the morning ; and upon her return found her little chUdren safe, the elder having understood enough of her directions to feed and take care of the younger." After the close of the war in 1 781, and the final peace ratification in 1783, immunity against rapine and plunder was once more assured the pioneers of 'Vermont's wilderness. In most of the new townships the ruined habitations -were once more taking on the garb of civUization, the Green Mountains echo ing the strokes of the woodman's axe. In Bridport the settlers began to ar rive in 1783, and it was not long before most of them had rebuilt their homes, artd their numbers were augmented by the arrival of others. During this year (1783) the proprietors of Bridport and Shoreham (nearly the same persons were proprietors of both towns) met at the house of Elisha Smith, esq., in Clarendon, Vt, when Colonel Ephraim DooUttle was chosen moderator ; Nathan Smith, clerk ; Daniel Hemenway, treasurer ; Sam uel Benton, Philip Stone and Nathan Manly, assessors ; and Marshall Smith, collector of proprietors' taxes. Their business was to devise means to survey the town, and to raise money for the purpose. The meetiug was adjourned to convene at the house of Philip Stone, and from that time forward the meetings were held in Bridport. Four divisions of land were made in Bridport, in which each proprietor drew by lottery his right or share. The first division was of eighty hundred- acre lots. The second division was of two hundred acres to each share, " sur veyed adjoining to the aforesaid center lots and with parallel lines with the first division." In 1783 the third division was made, it being voted "that the common land in said town on the lake shore be laid out into fifty-acre lots, and land laid out back as much as to make up one hundred acres to each number." Sheldon Smith. Town of Bridport. 385 The fourth division was the " viUage plot," one hundred acres being divided into sixty-eight acre lots and the "common." In this year, also, it was voted that "Marshall Smith be appointed a committee to provide for the State sur veyor to run the town hues." In 1785, on the 29th of March, occurred an important event in the history of Bridport — the legal organization of the town by the election of proper civU officers. The list chosen was as foUows : John N. Bennett, clerk ; Mar shall Smith, constable ; and John Barber, Moses Johnson, Daniel Haskins, Isaac Barrows and Marshall Smith, selectmen. A committee was also appointed, consisting of Philip Stone, Nathan Smith and Abijah Dunning, " to lay out a highway through the lake lots, from the north line to the south line of the said town." This was without doubt the first highway laid out in the township. John Barber, Asa Hemenway and John N. Bennett were also appointed a com mittee " to lay out a road through the town from east to west" In the mean time, while these affairs were in progress, new settlers were constarttly arriving. In 1786 fourteen families started out from Morris county, N. J., to make for themselves a new home in the " Hampshire Grants." Among them were Benjamin Miner and his five sons. He was an ex-soldier of the Revolution, and located upon the farm lately occupied by Champlin C. Miner, where he died in 1835, aged ninety-three years. The eldest of the sons, Benjamin, jr., was destined to take an important part in the administra tion of the public affairs of the town. He was born in Stonington, Conn., in 1767, and held the office of justice of the peace here from 1809 until his death in 185 1. He also represented the town in the General Assembly during the years 1820, 1821, 1822 and 1825, and also in the Constitutional Convention of 1828. In connection with his duties as justice he married nearly one huudred couples, and always made a custom of giving the fee to the bride. He located upon the farm now owned by his grandson, E. Ladd Miner. Benjamin, jr., assisted in clearing away the brush to make way for digging the first grave in the township, in what is now the village cemetery. This was for the burial of Isaac Richman, who died April 28, 1786. About a week later a Mr. Mosher, who died of consumption, was also buried here. That the reader may gain a more definite conception of the freeholders of the town, and the amount of mouey on which they were taxed at this time, we give herewith the grand list of 1786, from the original record : i ^- d. I s. d- Ale-xander Osborn 12 o o Rockwood 5 o o o o Marshall Smith 25 o o John Nobel Bennett 27 o Phillip Stone 48 o o Samuel Lewis 57 10 Samuel Smith 26 o o Nathan Smith 38 o o Esril Hucker 600 Moses Johnson 32 o o Isaac Chipman 9 o o James Wilcocks 11 o o Bijah Dunning 18 o o Jonathan Viery 6 o o John Fisk 31 o o Nathan Manley 9 o o Joel Frost 18 o o 386 History of Addison County. The above is for improved real estate. On the opposite page of the old record appears the following, which alludes to the personal property and im proved lartd of the persorts named : "Joshua Done, one head, £(> os od ; two cows, two three year oalds, ;£ 12 os od. Asa Hemenway, one head, ;£6 os od ; two oxen, one horese, two cows, ^ 17 os od ; two three year olds, two yearlings, twenty-eight acres of land, £ 14 os od. Solomon Moss [nearly illegible] one head two three yearhngs, two cows, one hog, five acres of land, one hors, ;£ 21 los od, John Barber, two heads, one hors, two oxen, three cows, two yearlings, three hogs, seventeen acres of land, ^45 los od. Joel Barber, one head, ^6 os od. Isaac Barrows, one head two cows, two two yearhngs, six yearlings, three acres of land, ^23 los od. Abel Rice, one head, one cow, one acre and half of land,_£9 15s od. Ephraim Smith, one head, £(i 0% od, Capt. Benton twelve acres of land, ;£ 6 os od. Thaddeous Smith, one head, ^ 60s od. Elijah Alden, one head, two oxen, one cow, one yearling, two hogs, two acres of land, £ 22 os od. Elijah Smith, one head, one cow, three acres of land, ^11 los od. Solomon How, one head, two oxen, one cow, three acres of land,^ 19 los od. James Barber, one head, one cow, one year ling, two hogs, seven acres of land, ^ 15 los od. Edward Lewis, £ 14 os od. Daniel Has kins, £t)\ OS od." The spelling of names above, as well as that of other words, is given liter ally as it appears on the records ; it is not the least interesting part of the doc ument Two years later (1788) the grand hst shows one hundred and sixteen names, besides those of the original proprietors named as tax payers, and in 1 79 1 the population was four hundred and forty-nine souls. Among the curious documents of olden times in this town, we must make a place for the following, which comprises a bUl presented to the town for the entertainment of the gathering at the installation of a preacher : " February 29th, 1794. " The town of Bridport to Pain Converse, Dr. " For the entertainment of the Honorable Counsil and others at this installment of the Eev'nd Mr. Graves in said town, is as foUoweth : £ s. d. " To forty-six meals of victuals 2 6 o " To hors batins fourteen o 5 o " To hors keeping eight nights o 6 o " To two galands brandy i 5 o Bridport, March 13th, 1794, " To one of rum o 9 6 Rec'd. the contents ofthe within " To one of wine o 10 6 acct., pr. Mr. Pain Converse.'' " To two quarts of Jinn o 5 o " To two pounds loaf sugar. ... o 4 o "-To sider o 7 o They must have had a good time.^ David Pratt, from Salem, Mass., came to Bridport in 1777, and located uport the farm now owned by Mrs. Edrick Spaulding. He was a carpenter by trade 1 At a previous town meeting they voted the installment to be at the dwelling house of Solomon Moss. Voted. Capt. Converse be appointed to provide accommodations for Council and others while in Bridport. Also voted. Rev. Sylvanus Chapin of Orwell, Dan Kent of Benson, John Griswold of Pawlet, James Murdock of Sangate, and the Middlebury minister with their delegates be invited. Town of Bridport. 387 and built most of the early frame buildings in the town. He served as lister in 1800 and has many descendants in town. Daniel Hemenway, from Shrewsbury, Mass., located in Shoreham in 1783. Four of his eight sons settled in Vermont, and his brother Jacob was one of the original proprietors of Shoreham and Bridport. Daniel, as we have previ ously shown, served the proprietors as their treasurer, and his son Asa is re corded as their coUector and surveyor Daniel took up land in Shoreham, and built a log shop, which was afterwards used by his son Samuel, who settled there irt 1792. Daniel died in 1794. One of his sons, Asa, was born in Shrews bury, Mass., in 1750, and was present at the battle of Bunker HiU. He was in Bridport and vicinity as early as 1780, and in 1783 began the first settle ment upon the farm now owned by Asa Hemenway, jr. He represented the town in the General Assembly at Rutland, Vergennes and Montpelier. After a few years' residence on the farm above mentioned, he removed to the farm now occupied by Mrs. Robert W. Hemenway, and in 1 800 built the homestead thereon, which was the first building in the township to acquire the dignity of papered walls. He married Rebecca Rice first; she died August, 1787 ; mar ried, second, Sarah Nicholson, 1789, who was the mother of his nine children. He died in 18 10. His sons were Jonas and Asa ; the latter born in 1800, married January, 1821, and in 1871 appropriately celebrated his golden wed ding; also in 1881 their sixty years of wedded life. His only son is Asa, jr. Jacob Hemenway, another of the sons of Daniel, settled in Bridport and his sons were Daniel and Caleb, and six daughters. Polly, daughter of Silas Hem enway, of Shrewsbury, Mass., first came with Daniel, her grandfather, to Ver mont to visit her sister. Subsequently, February 17, 1793, she became the wife of Benjamin Miner, jr., a sketch of whom we have already given. Elijah Grosvenor came to Bridport from New York some time between the years 1780 and 1790, locating upon the place now occupied by Frank P. Wood, where he reared a family. He was a mason by trade, and assisted in the con struction of the Middlebury jail. The widow of his son John now resides here, while among the other descendants are Elijah and Edgar, sons of John, and Darwin, son of Edgar. James Barbour, from Worcester, Mass., located in Bridport in 1782. He made the first thanksgiving party ever held in the town, and to which the whole population were invited, the said population then consisting of six families. Mr. Barbour and wife were Christians of the pure old Puritan stock, and con sequently very staid and sober On one occasion Thomas Ormsbee, a lawyer of Shoreham, Vt., reported that he saw Mr. Barbour and his wife out in their yard " pulling hair with all their might, and the old man had a butcher's knife in his hand." The church coucluded that for so grave an offense they should be called to account. Accordingly they were arraigned before a meeting of the dignitaries, when the testimony developed the fact that it was the hair of 388 History of Addison County. a butchered hog they were puUing. Several of Mr. Barbour's descendartts now reside in the towrt, among whom are M. K. and D. C. Barbour. David Doty was born in New Providertce, N. J., in May, 1758, married Hannah Smith in 1787, and located upon the farm now owned by Sheldon Smith ; but not liking the soU of that farm, he removed in 1 790 to the farm now owned by his son. Captain David F. Doty, who was born July, 1798. His son, Ira S. Doty, lives with him. Adonijah Rice, who was claimed the first white male child born in the town of Worcester, Mass., was one of the sixty-four original proprietors of Bridport who received rights of land according to charter, and it is claimed was the ortly one of the above grantees who passed their last days in town. On a stone in the vUlage cemetery reads, "Adortijah Rice died Jartuary 20, 1802, aged eighty-eight years." Abel, son of Adonijah, settled in town; died July, 1800, aged forty-nine years. His three sorts were Jonas, Joel and Asa. Jonas became owner of the farm where his grandfather Adonijah lived from 1786 to the time of his death. Joel, the next son, was a popular physician many years in town ; represented the town many tjmes, also a senator of Addison county. He moved West late in life and died at Madisort, Wis. Asa, third son, is now living at the age of eighty-eight years. He always lived at the home where his father lived and died, his son, Jonas R. Rice, living with him. Abel H. Rice owns and lives at the home his father, Jonas, and his great-grandfather, Adonijah, hved and died upon. Payne Converse, from Thompson, Conn., came to Bridport in 1793 among the early settlers. He brought with him twelve chUdren; nine were sons; only three remained permanently located in town — Gardner, Hamblin and Alfred, all prominent men. Gardner C. was a surveyor, a justice of the peace and town clerk twenty-two years in all. Hamblin C. was prominent in all town affairs, selectman, lister, etc. Alfred C. was a blacksmith. Mrs. W. D. Hindes is a great-granddaughter of Alfred. Payne Converse located just east of the academy upon the farm rtow owned by E. L. Miner. F. G. Converse is a great-grandson. Ephraim Stone, from Groton, Mass., made his first settlemertt upon a farm now owned by Aikin Dukett, in 1787, where he resided untU his death irt 1841, aged seventy-eight years. His son Philip, born in 1803, died recently, leaving two sons, Charles and Marshall. Daniel Hamblin came to Bridport from Guilford, Conn., when there were but two families in the township. After the war broke out he returrted to Guilford, enlisted in the Continental service and served till the cessation of hostilities, when he soon after returned to Bridport and located upon the farm now owned by J. T. Fletcher His son Alexander, a noted hunter and trap per, succeeded to the homestead. Hiram E., sort of Alexander, now resides in the town. Ozro P. Gray. Town of Bridport. 389 Isaac Barrows was the first settler uport the farm now owned by F. G. Converse. He came on from Connecticut and boarded for a time with Philip Stone's family, six mUes distant, whither he returned from his work every night Bears were plentiful in those days, and irt these daily jourrteys he kiUed several. Rufus Barrows of this towu is a descendant. Deacon Lamond Gray was a descertdant of Scotch ancestors who, in 161 2, settled in the north of Ireland, near Londonderry. In 171 8 the family of which John Gray was the head, with some forty other famihes, emigrated through Boston to Worcester, Mass. In 1743 the family settled in Pelham, Mass., where Lamond was born in 1753, the son of Daniel Gray. He was well educated, and for a time taught school in that vicinity. May 26, 1778, he was married to Isabel Hamilton, widow of Lieutenant Robert Hamilton, by whom he had two children, Robert and Isabel, the latter afterwards becom ing the wife of Captain Jeremiah Lee, of Bridport After his marriage Mr. Gray remained in Pelham about ten years, when he came to Bridport and purchased two tracts of land of one hundred acres each. One of the tracts so purchased included the land now owned by P. Elitharp, about a mile south of the viUage, and ran eastward to the wooded hiU. The other hundred acres included the farm where Edward Shacket now lives. Thus Lamond Gray became one of the early settlers of Bridport, where he continued to dwell till his death in 1 8 1 2, aged fifty-nine years. Being a scholarly man and a good penman, he was elected town clerk in 1790, and held the position many years, and was also a deacon of the Congregational Church. He had a family of three children, Joel, Daniel and Mary. Daniel graduated from Mid dlebury College in 1 805, and soon after married Susannah Rice, by whom he had one child, Ozro P., born in 1806. Ozro learned the tanner's trade when eighteen years of age, which business he subsequently carried on at Crown Point for a period of thirty- three years, when he returned to Bridport, in 1865, locating where his widow still resides. In 1 809 Daniel's wife died, and in 1 8 1 1 he married Amy Bosworth, by whom he had sons as follows : Rev. Edgar H., now of California ; Melvin L., of St Louis, Mo.; Daniel Martlius, of Colum bus, Ohio; Fabius C, who died at Gallatin, Tenn., in 1847 ; Oscar B., of New York city, and Amander Gray, who died near San Antonio, Texas, in May, 1859. Daniel died in 1823, aged thirty-seven years. Joseph WUliams came into town about 1785 ; first settled on the farm now owned by Robert Hutchingson, where he carried on the clothiers' trade by coloring and dressing home-made woolert cloth. He subsequently gave this business to his son Amasa, and bought the place where his grandsort, F. A. Williams, now resides, where he lived many years and died in 1847, aged eighty- one years. Jeremiah Lee was an early settler in town ; had a family of eight children. Two only were sons, Prosper and Gay W, He was a farmer ; also a constable 390 History of Addison County. and collector of taxes many years. He lived ort the place his grandson, Wil ber Hamilton, now occupies. Mrs. Sarah Lee Hemenway is also a descend ant Captain Lee died in 1843, aged seventy-one years. Jesse and Asa Crane, brothers, came into town from Connecticut at an early date ; both had large families, and some of their descendants are now prominently known as enterprising farmers and stock raisers, among whom are Julius J., Joseph R., Cassius P. and Byron W. Philip Searl came into town about 1 79 1 ; was a farmer and lived where Oscar Kitchel now lives ; was many years deacon of the Congregational Church, and reared a family of many chUdren; died in 1852, aged eighty-four years. His sort Gordon was at one time one of the leading merchants, and also a dea con of the same church as his father He died in 1867, aged sixty-six years, and his son Charles the following year. D. C. Barbour is a descendant Artemas Wheeler was a settler in town, coming on from Worcester county, Mass., at an early date, with his family. His son Leonard lived many years in town near the village, where his son, E. M. Wheeler, now lives. Leonard died in 1872, aged eight-nine years. He was lawfully married five times. His last wife died some years previous to his death. In his younger days he was a shoemaker. Zoroaster Fitch was an early pioneer, coming into town when all here was a wilderness. He selected one of the most desirable locations in town for his home, about a mile west of the village. He died in 1835, aged severtty-six years. A widow of his grartdson now lives at the home and another grand son, William H., lives in town. Ebenezer Allen was one of the old and respected citizens of this town, coming here at an early date from Tinmouth, Vt., and was married to a daugh ter of the noted PhUip Stone. The name of " AUen " has passed away. He claimed to be a relative of Vermonts hero, Ethan Allen. G. R. and S. Z. Walker are his grandsons. He was a stanch Mason, and died irt 1875, aged eighty-seven years. William Russell, an early inhabitant, located upon the farm now owned by his grandson, N. W. Russell, and raised a large family of children ; only one is now hving, Mrs. B. J. Myrick, who resides in town. But his descendants are numerous — probably would take the prize, if such was offered, for the greatest number. He died in 1829. William, Barnabas and Zenas Myrick, the three brothers, were early prom inent business men in town. William served as town clerk many years ; rep resented the town in the State Legislature six sessions; was a judge, etc. Bar nabas served the town as selectman, and in numerous other offices. He was kUled by the faU of a tree in 1823. B. J. Myrick, in town, was his son. Zenas was a carpenter by trade ; he also represented the town in 1828 and 1829. William M. and Charles H. Grandey, of this town, were grandsorts of Judge WilUam Myrick. Town of Bridport. 39 i Johrt, PUrtney and Ira Wicker, three brothers, came irtto town at a later date, perhaps in 1814. They were aU mechanics and farmers. They built the house where F. G. Converse now lives, and kept a hotel, taking their turn in the management of the house, working the farm and working at their trades. John was the father of Mrs. A. H. Rice. The widow of Ira resides in town, a lady past eighty years. Roswell Mosley was an early settler in town, first commencing on the farm where F. D. Williams now resides, and subsequently removing into the south part of the town on the farm now occupied by his son. Royal Mosley. Stephen Baldwin, from New Jersey, came to Bridport at an early date. His three sons, Martin, Stephen, jr, and Obadiah, served in the War of 1812. Two of the children of Stephen, jr., now reside here — Elizabeth and Abigail. Samuel Buck was born in Milford, Conn., October 29, 1767, and came to Bridport in 1790, locating upon the farm now owned by Joseph R. Crane, and afterwards kept a store where A. A. Fletcher's house now stands. Mr. Buck, though possessed of considerable intelligence, had never been fortunate enough to have any educational advantages, and knew nothing of the science of pen- martship. In making entries upon his books he used hieroglyphics of his own manufacture instead of English letters. One of his customers, it is related, upon settlement for goods, found himself charged with a cheese, which he de nied having bought. Mr. Buck was obstinate, but when the customer men tioned the purchase of a grind-stone he exclaimed, " Oh ! yes, that's so. You see this ring here ! Well, I put that down for a grind-stone, but forgot to put the hole in it." David Burwell, from New Jersey, came to Bridport in 1791, locating upon the farm now owned by J. T. Fletcher. He was a weaver by trade, which oc cupation he followed as long as age permitted him to labor. Thomas Baldwin, also from New Jersey, located in 1788 upon the farm now owned by H. C. Burwell, a son of Allen. Jakamiah Johnson came from the same place as above, 1 794, locating upon the farm now owned by his son, Lyman H. Johnson. His widow, Anna, died in 1885, the oldest person then in the township, aged ninety-two years. Mitchell Kingman came from Canaan, Conn., about 1795, and located upon the farm now owned by J. C. S. Hamilton. Rev. Phineas Randall, a Congregatiortal minister from Stowe, Mass., located in Bridport in 1795. He preached here and in adjoining towns several years, then removed to Weybridge, where he married Phoebe Goodyear, in 1798. His son Joel also settled in town. Henry HaU, from Rhode Island, came to Bridport in 1 790, locating as the first settler upon the farm now occupied by Henry F. HaU. James Hamilton was born in Barre, Mass., and came to Bridport in 1795, locatirtg uport the farm now owned by his son, Amos Hamilton, and the house 392 History of Addison County. he now occupies was built the first year of his father's residence here. Michael and John Hamilton, brothers of James, came during the same year. Michael settled upon the farm now owned by Charles A. Landers ; John upon the one now in the hands of his son, J. O. Hamilton. In 1804 John built a portion of the house now occupied by J. O., and which is still in very fair cortdition. Isaac Pettibone, with his father, emigrated from Norwalk, Conn., to the eastern part of Middlebury, and subsequently, in 1795, removed to Bridport, settling upon the farm now owned by E. Jewett. Isaac was a hatter by trade, which occupation he followed here many years. His sons were Charles C. and Edwin S. ; both have died and their widows have homes in towrt. Rev. Increase Graves was the first settled minister and received the minis terial lot allowed by charter, the same being the farm now occupied by H. N. SoUace. Calvin SoUace, born in Walpole, N. H., was a graduate of Middle bury College, studied law in Middlebury, and commenced practice in Bridport in 1 8 14, and subsequently served as judge six years. Jacob Stiles, from New Jersey, made the first settlement on the farm now owned by Mrs. Marion A. Pettibone. Samuel Bixby came to this town from Thompson, Conn., in 1792, and set tled upon the farm now owned by Elmer H. Bixby. Nathaniel EUtharp was the first settler on the farm now owned by J. D. Brooks, locating here about the year 1792. Prosper and Halsey C. are his descendants. William Braisted, from Sussex county, N. J., in 1786 first located upon the farm now owned by his grandson, William R. Braisted, a farmer who has rep resented the town in the Legislature, and held other town offices. Phineas Kitchel, born in Hanover in October, 1763, removed to Bridport in 1798, locating upon the farm now owned by John Melvin. Here he carried on his trade as weaver, to which he finally added blacksmithing and carriage- making. He died in 1853, aged ninety years. Joseph, son of Phineas, born in 1794, died in 1852. Oscar F. Kitchel is a descendartt Benjamin A. Skiff, whose grandfather came from Sharon, Conn., in 1805, purchased the farm now owned by his son, Abel P. Here he kept a hotel per haps twenty years; he died in 1825. Abel P., who is now eighty-five years- of age, devotes his time to the culture of peaches, quinces, and pears. Paris Fletcher was born in Woodstock, Vt, March 21, 1794, and at the age of sixteen years came to Bridport, artd engaged with his brother James, who came here two years previous, in the saddle and harness-making business. Young Fletcher's inclinations, however, were towards a more active and specu lative life, and he soon became a general merchant, in which vocation he dis played the same ability and energy that characterized him in all ventures of his life, from shop-boy to bank president Mr. Fletcher was held in the highest esteem by his townsmen, whom he served in most of the importartt town offices. Town of Bridport. 393 In financial circles his wealth and abihty as a financier made him conspicuous. He was orte of the origirtal directors of the Rutland and Burhngtort Railroad, and held the offices of director or president of the Middlebury Bank for fifty years, or until advancing age compelled him to resign the position in 1877. He married Anna Miner, daughter of Benjamirt Miner, in 1 8 1 7, and Albert Fletcher, now of Middlebury, is a son. His latter years were spent in retire ment in Bridport. He left the town substantial testimonials of his love and regard for it He died February 27, 1880, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. Ira D. Fletcher, a merchant of Bridport, and J. T Fletcher, are sons of James, who died here in 1 88 1, aged ninety-one years. Thomas W. Fletcher is a grand son of Paris, and occupies the homestead. James Wilcox, who was at Ticonderoga with Ethan Allen, located on the lake shore where E. H. Merrill now lives. Among his sons were Abner, Vil- roy, Henry, and Anson. E. D. and Arthur Wilcox are sons of Abner Arunah Huntington, the donor of the munificent sum of $200,000 for the benefit of the common schools of Vermont, learned his trade in this town, as a shoemaker and a worker in leather, of Matthew Nobles during the years 1821 to 1825. Being an industrious, prudent young man, he taught school winters during his stay in town, where a few .still retain his memory as being among his small scholars in their younger days. At this date, April, 1886, Bridport has living, in a population, of 1,168, twenty persorts who are octogenarians, and one, Lyman Pease, has passed ninety years. Early Business Interests, etc. — The population of Bridport has always been strictly of an agricultural character. Its tradesmen and mechanics have almost invariably devoted their energies exclusively to supplying the home de mand. The dearth of manufactures is attributed to the absence, as we have previously noted, of adequate water power. At an early day, when the settlers were clearing their lands and wood ashes were plentiful, Bridport, in common with other towns, did considerable busi ness in the manufacture of potash, which found a market in Troy, Albany, and sometimes Quebec. In this manufacture Samuel Buck was pioneer His works were located near the present viUage, upon what is stiU known as " Potash Hill." After the lands were cleared the first general product was wheat This was taken to Troy and exchanged for goods, cash rarely entering into the transaction. The currency system was " exchange of commodities," and of course no great debates over the " silver question " are handed down to us. This trade with Troy was continued untU about 1823, when the business of raising sheep, cattle and horses was ushered in. This interest developed rap idly and extensively, and the town is still noted for its fine live stock. The celebrated horse " Black Hawk " had his home here, whither he was brought by David Hill. Allen Smith was a large stock dealer Among the principal 394 History of Addison County. stock artd sheep growers of to-day are H. C. Burwell, J. J. Crane, E. H. and H. E. Merrill, C. H. Smith, E. D. Wilcox, F. G. Converse, and many others. Before the days of the railroad, when all the commerce was cortducted through the medium of the lake, several ferry hues sprang up and the business of the town naturally drifted to the lake frortt The persorts early receiving license to carry on the ferry business were as follows : Johrt Rogers, in i8i i ; B. Pick ett, in 1812; Samuel Renne, 1820; Ahnda WeUs, 1820; and John Rogers, 1820. The ferries now in operation are as follows : Port Franklin Ferry, by Lewis WUkinson ; Witherell Ferry, by John Witherell ; and Brooks Ferry, by J. D. Brooks. The latter is located at West Bridport. Although the town is weU wooded, little lumbering is carried on. There is now only one saw-miU in the town. About 1820 Daniel Haskins had a hotel and store near TVtr. Smith's on the lake road, where was also kept a post- office. He sold to Hiram Smith in 1821. A lamentable accident occurred here in 1834, which it may not be out of place to record at this point A boat containing eleven persons, who were on a blackberrying excursion, was capsized just off the Addison line, nirteof whom were drowned. Seven were members of Allen Smith's household, and two were daughters of Joseph Eldridge. When the tide of internal war swept over the country and calls were made by the government for volunteers to aid in preserving the Union, this town responded with the same alacrity and patriotism that characterized all New England communities. The following Ust gives the names of those who en- hsted from Bridport in Vermont organizations, as compiled in the adjutant- general's report : Volunteers for three years, credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : W. Allen, W. Baldwin, E. Barry, F. A. Brainard, A. Bristol, H. H. Burge, D. Carpenter, jr., J. Carpenter, E. D. Carrier, O. F. Cheney, J. Clair, J. M. Clintort, A, A. Crane, C. R. Crane, G. W. Crane, J. Duckett, A. C. Fisher, G. S. Gale, A. H. HamUton, F. H. Hathorn, W. W. Hathorn, H. Heitman, N. Herbert, F. H. Holdredge, J. Howe, J. Kennedy, H. Kerner, A. P. Legier, C. A. Lamos, C. N. Lapham, J. F. Lapham, J. Lav- erty, F. Littie, N. B. Lucia, G. Macha, G. Madigan, J. L. Martin, J. McCor mick, C. B. Myrick, P. M. Myrick, G. E. Norton, J. F. Olmstead, J. B. Rice, J. Ross, J. F Russell, L. Russell, S. Smith, R. W. Swinton, C. H. Taylor, H. Towle, F. Tremble, J. Tremble, Z. B. Wickwire, A. H. Wilcox. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers and subse quent caUs : Volunteers for three years. — H. H. Alden, W. Baker, W. C. Braisted, M. Brannan, P. Canada, C. W. Corey, G. H. Corey, R. F. Grossman, G. D. S. Drew, J. Dukett, J. Fernett, W. Fernett, H. A. Fields, T Foy, E. Godon, E. Hayes, G. A. Holmes, J. H. Lucia, N. B. Phelps, G. W. Pratt, J. Sproule, H. Taylor, F. R. Tremble, O. Trickay. Town of Bridport. 395 Volunteers for one year — S. Buffum, W. Buffum. Volunteers re-enlisted. — O. F. Cheney, F. H. Hathorn, F. H. Holdredge, R. Hudson, J. Kennedy, J. McCormick, C. R. Shambo, W. E. Taylor Enlisted men who furnished substitutes. — A. A. Fletcher, J. O. Hamilton. Not credited by name. — Three men. Volunteers for nine months. — H. Austin, L. S. BuzweU, C. W. Corey, B. W. Crane, H. P. Elitharp, N. V. Elitharp, G. B. Grovener, F. C. Howe, J. Kertnedy, A. La Point, jr, H. G. Lawrence, J. H. Lucia, J. E. Moriarty, M. RandaU, P. J. Shumway, J. J. Sprowl, A. A. Walker. Furnished under draft — Paid commutation, F. A. Brainerd, S. E. Cook, W. M. Grandy. Procured substitute, O. P. Lee. Entered service, P. Dakin, W. Hammett. The comparative growth of the town and its fluctuations in population may be seen by the following table, compiled from the census reports for each de cade since 179 1 : 1791,449:1800, 1,124; 1810, 1,520; 1820, 1,511; 1830, 1,774; 1840, 1,480; 1850, 1,393; i860, 1,298; 1870, 1,171 ; 1880, 1,167. Present town officers. — Town clerk, N. S. Bennett ; selectmen, J. R. Crane, C. H. Smith, G. R. Walker ; town treasurer, D. H. Bennett ; overseer of poor, Ira D. Fletcher ; constable, C. W. Huntley ; listers, J. R. Rice, H. C. Burwell, J. W. Pratt; collector of taxes, J. W. Pratt; auditors, M. K. Barbour, H. C. Burwell, F. A. Williams ; town agent (to prosecute and defend), J. J. Crane ; trustee United States deposit money, J. J. Crane ; fence viewers, J. J. Crane, D. H. Bennett, T. W. Fletcher ; sexton, C. B. Fackerel ; agent Fletcher ceme tery fund, T. W. Fletcher. Municipal History. — Bridport viUage, or " The Center," as it is familiarly known, occupies a beautiful site just east of the center of the town, surrounded by a fine farming district Like many other Vermont villages, however, it may be said of it, " other days saw it more prosperous." It does not lack the bustle and enterprise of a township mart, but its business and its population are both smaller than they formerly were. Perhaps the " occidental fever," which attacks so many of the young men of to-day, may in a large measure account for this decUne. The village now has about thirty-five dweUings, two churches, aud the usual complement of stores and mechanics' shops. The foUowing random sketches of the village of 1825 to 1830 may not be uninteresting, especially to those of the younger generation. Mathew Nobles then operated a tannery where Miss Huntiey now resides. Among his work men was Arunah Huntington, before aUuded to. The tannery was discon tinued about the year 1850. The blacksmiths then were Orville Howe artd the two Foster brothers, Albert and Henry, and John BurweU at the Corners. Charles Eager did a large business in the manufacture of carriages and wagons. Where Miss Emeline Brainerd lives Lemuel Derby had a cabinet shop. John Brainerd was the hatter, and Norman Allen the tailor. The merchants were 396 History of Addison County. Paris Fletcher, in the brick store; Matthew Chambers, where L. M. Taylor's dwelling is ; Samuel Buck, on the corner where Miss Hattie Goodwin now owns ; and J. S. Strong, opposite where Ira D. Fletcher now is. Calvin Sol- lace, father of Hon. Henry N., was the attorney. The brick store was built by Paris Fletcher in 1826, who first conducted business in it alone, and then, in 1831, in company with Dartiel Miner. He died in 1839, and his son, F. P. Fletcher, succeeded them, and contirtued the busirtess until his death in January, 1875, and was succeeded by D. H. Ben nett, the present proprietor. A number of years ago J. S. Strong owned the store at the Corners, fol lowed by Gordon Searles & Son ; they were succeeded by Kinnor & Spaulding ; they by Spaulding & Skiff; they by A. P. & B. A. Skiff; they by Ketch & Brother, until i88i,whenMr Fletcher became proprietor. Bessette & Brother (Albert and Joseph) are engaged here in blacksmithing and manufacturing wagons, which business they began in 1876. The hotel is kept by Frank A. Nisun. The blacksmiths are W. B. Bristol and George Wisell ; and the shoe maker, Louis Giard ; saddler and harness shop, Horace Taylor The present postmaster is Ira D. Fletcher. West Bridport has a beautiful location on the lake shore. It was originally called Catlin's Ferry, and subsequently went by the name of Frost's Landing. There has been a store and settlement here for many years, though the post- office was not established until recently. The postmaster is Henry E. Merrill. Physicians. — Dr. H. L. Townsend, born in Plainfield, Vt., August 14, i860, studied medicine at Burlington, and graduated in 1881. Dr. E. G. Blaisdell, born in Richford, Vt, December 13, 1846, graduated from the University of Vermont in 1871 ; has practiced medicine irt town about fourteen years. Morning Sun Lodge, F. & A. M. — Upon petition signed by John Strong, William McKendrick, John N. Bennett, Albion Mann, Daniel Hamblin, Buel Hitchcock, Richard Redfield, John Hall, Aldric Mann, Nathaniel Calender and Joel Barber, " worthy brethren irt Masonry, residing at and in the vicinity of Bridport," the Grand Lodge of Vermont, on October 13, 1800, granted to the said petitioners " a regular lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, under the style and designation of Morning Sun Lodge No. 18 " (now No. 5), which has ever since continued to exist and at the present time is irt a very thrifty cortdi tion. William M. Grandey is now master, this being his third term. The lodge has a very fine room and cortsists of about one hundred active members. ECCLESIASTICAL. The Congregational Church of Bridport, located at the village, was organ ized by Rev. Lemuel Haynes, of West Rutland, June 30, 1790, with twelve members. February 29, 1794, Rev. Increase Graves was installed the first Town of Bristol. 397 settled minister. The first house of worship was a frame structure, built dur ing the year of organization, which is now a part of the dwelling which is owned and occupied by Miss Mariette Miner and her mother, situated south of the park in Bridport village. The present commodious brick building, capa ble of seating five hundred and fifty persons, was erected in 1852, costing $9,000. The society is now in a flourishing condition, with one hundred and seventy-eight members, a Sabbath-school numbering one hundred and forty pupils, and owns church property to the amount of $11,800. The present pastor is Rev. F. W. Olmsted, who has had the charge since 1883. The Methodist Episcopal Church, located at the village, was organized in 1800, and now has about sixty members. The church building was built in 1 82 1 as a union church, and the Masonic society, which has a hall in the upper part of the building, owns an interest in it The Sabbath-school, with Miss Anna Huntley, superintendent, has about fifty members. The stewards are Martin E. Wheeler, Lucius M. Taylor, John D. Nichols, George H. BurweU, Charles H. Grandey and E. R. Wolcott There is a nice little church standing in the west part of Bridport, about a mile from Lake Champlain, which was built by the Baptist society at an early day, which at this date stands empty and has for some sixteen years past, al though in good repair and in modern style. CHAPTER XVIII. history of the town op BRISTOL. THE town of Bristol lies largely upon the mountains, in the northeastern section of the county, and is bounded on the north by Monkton and Starksboro; east by Starksboro and Lincoln; south by Lincoln and Middle bury, and west by New Haven. It was originally granted by Benning Went worth, the colonial governor of New Hampshire under King George III, " by his excellency's command with advice of council," June 26, 1762, to Samuel Averill and sixty-two associates, under the name of Pocock, This name, givert in honor of a distinguished English admiral, was retained only a few years, however, and was changed to Bristol by an act of the Legislature passed Octo ber 21, 1789. The charter deed contained the usual restrictions incident to the Wentworth grants, and the usual reservation of public lands for the use of schools, propagation of the gospel, etc., and fixed the boundary lines of the new town as follows : " Begirtning at the northeasterly corner of New Haven and thence extend- irtg south six miles by New Haven aforesaid to the southeasterly corner there- 26 398 History of Addison County. of; thence turning off and running east four miles and one-half to a marked tree ; thence turnirtg off and running north eight miles artd a half to artother marked tree ; thence turning off and running west four miles to the easterly side Une of Mortkton ; thence south by Monkton about half a mUe, to an angle thereof; thence west by Monkton aforesaid about two miles to another angle thereof; thence south by Moukton aforesaid four hundred and twenty rods to the northerly side line of New Haven ; artd thence south seventy degrees east one mUe and one hundred and ninety rods by New Haven to the northeasterly corner thereof, the bounds began at." This gave the town something more thart the area of a full township, or 23,600 acres; but this area was curtaUed by the Legislature November 18, 1824, when a portion of land described as follows was set off to the town of Lincoln, viz.: " Beginning at the southeast corner of the town of Bristol and thence run ning west one mile to the west Une of the second tier of lots ; thence north on the west line of said lots six miles and eighty rods, to the north line of lots numbered twenty-two and twenty-three ; thence east to Starksboro line ; thence south to the northwest corner of Lincoln; and thence south on Lincoln west line to the place of beginning." This gave to Lincolrt a tract of 4,400 acres, leaving the area of Bristol only 19,200 acres, as it exists to-day. The surface of this territory, as a whole, may be regarded as extremely rough and broken, if not decidedly mountainous, though there are many level tracts. Through nearly the whole length of the town, from north to south, there extends a spur of the Green Mountain range. From the north Une of the town south to Bristol village, a distance of about four mUes, this spur has an elevation of 3,648 feet, unbroken by gorge or stream — crossed not even by a highway. From its peculiar formation it takes the name of Hogback Mountain. Near the village, however, it is broken by "The Notch," through which flows New Haven River. South of the Notch, which is wide enough to admit not only of the passage of the river, but a good carriage road and some intervale land, the elevation takes the name of South Mountain. South Mountain continues lofty and unbroken until we reach the " Little Notch," through which flows O'Brian Brook ; south of this it is unbroken until it crosses the southern line of the town. The larger part of these mouutains is clothed with vegetation and timber to their summits; but uport South Mountain there is an area of several acres which appears from a distance to be a large smooth rock. A closer inspection, however, resolves it into an area of broken rocks, piled promiscuously together. It bears the name of "Rattle snake Den," from the fact that in early days it was the favorite lurkiug-place of hordes of these reptiles. About two-thirds of the tillable lauds of the towrt lie west of these mount ains. Following the course of New Haveu River there is a wide tract of level Town of Bristol. 399 alluvial land, caUed British Flats, northwest of which the land is moderately level, rising from gentle swells to hUls of quite extensive proportions in the extreme northwestern part of the town. On the north line of the town, ex tending south on both sides of the mountains, there is a cedar swamp several hundred acres in extent. East of the mountain the land is more broken, a large part being unfit for purposes of cultivation. The soil of the tillable tracts, though generally very productive, varies largely in different parts of the town. Bristol Flats, rising little above the level of the river, consists of a fine, deep, fertile alluvial deposit, which was originally covered with a heavy growth of timber, interspersed with a vigorous growth of nettles. On the more ele vated plains a harder, compact, gravelly soil is found, but not so much dimin ished in richness and fertihty as one would naturaUy suppose, and made up largely of loam and clay. Some portions of the still higher elevations are very stony ; others are free from these obstructions. The uplands and inter vales are capable of producing good crops of Indian corn, rye, oats, peas, beans, buckwheat, flax and potatoes. Formerly much winter wheat was raised. Gar den vegetables flourish well, and small fruits are grown successfully. The land was originally covered with a dense growth of timber notable for its numerous varieties, among which were the following : White, Norway, and pitch pine ; sugar, soft, and striped maple ; white, red, and black ash ; white, blue, and red beech ; white, black, and red oak ; large white, small white, black, and yellow birch ; buttonwood, elm, slippery elm, butternut, hemlock, balsam, fir, tama rack; double and single spruce; basswood, ironwood, mountain ash, red cedar- red, black and choke cherry ; black alder, witch hazel, prickly ash, poplar, wil low, hickory, and others, many of which varieties are still found in the towns. The principal stream is New Haven River. It has its source in Ripton and that part of Lincoln formerly known as Avery's Gore, and after flowing a northerly course through a part of Lincoln, receiving the waters of several small tributaries, it enters Bristol from the east, passing through the deep ravirte known as "The Notch," thence on to a point just west of Bristol vU lage, when it turns abruptly to the south, continuing that course to a point just east of New Haven MUls, where it turns abruptly west again, flowing into New Haven. It affords many good and usually reliable water powers. The stream, however, is subject to frequent and heavy freshets; in 1830 one of these caused great loss of life and property, as will be noted in connection with the history of the town of New Haven. Baldwin Creek, having its source in Washington county, flows through the southern part of Starksboro into Bristol, and thence by a circuitous route winds its way to New Haven River, which it enters about a mile and a quarter above Bristol village. Immediately after crossing into Bristol it enters a deep ravine known as " Chase HoUow," which it follows to its debouchure. It is a small stream, though it affords considerable motive power for mills. Many years since there were two forges in operation on this stream. 400 History of Addison County. O'Brian Brook, so named in honor of the O'Brians, who built the first grist mill in Bristol on this stream, has its source in a small portd irt the western part of the town, flows south and west through " Little Notch," uniting with New Haven River about where that stream turns west into New Haven. This is a smaller stream than Baldwin Creek, and is not so valuable for the water power it affords, although at one time it turned the wheels of four saw-miUs. Beaver Brook is a small stream flowing along the eastern base of Hogback Mountain, entering Baldwin Brook. There are several other small and unim portant brooks, and springs are abundant Bristol Pond, about a mile and a half in length and three-quarters of a mile in width, lies in the northern part of the town, at the western base of Hogback Mountain, extending upon Monkton line. It is shallow and muddy aud par tiaUy surrounded by extensive marshes. The only other pond is that which we have spokert of as the source of O'Brian Brook, in the eastern part of the town. It covers an area of only about ten acres. Proprietors' Meetings. — There is strong presumptive evidence extant tending to prove that proprietors' meetings were held, and some measures taken towards aUotting the lands in Pocock, previous to those appearing irt the proprietors' record-book. It is generally believed by authorities that, as early as 1784, John Willard, of Middlebury, Hon. Jonathan Hoyt, of St Albans, and Captain Miles Bradley, of New Haven, at a meeting held in Canaan, Litchfield county, Conn., were appointed a committee to survey and allot the land irt Pocock, though uo record of such an event has been found. But deeds from the proprietors recorded in the Rutland couuty clerk's office, to which county Pocock then belonged, speak of the " first division lots," and describes them as numbered, and containing one hundred and twenty acres each. In the files of the Vermont Gazette, printed at Benningtort, may also be found an article warning a meeting of the proprietors to converte " at the house of Ben jamin Payn, in Addison, on the second Tuesday in May, 1788." This warn ing proves that at least the third division had been made, for the fourth article reads : " To see if they [the proprietors] will proceed to lay out the fourth di vision, and lay roads." The same paper also states that, " on the second Tuesday of May, 1788, the proprietors, in pursuance of the foregoing notice, held a meeting at the time and place appointed, and chose Justin AUen, moderator, and Henry Mc- Laughhrt, clerk ; and without doing any other business adjourned." There was also a meeting held, it appears, on the same day and at the same place, " by adjournment from Pocock," at which one item of business brought up was, " to see if the proprietors will accept of the surveys, or di visions of land that have been made, or whether they wiU make surveys or di visions of land in said town; also to choose a committee for that purpose." With reference to this it was found that " no legal " survey of a first division Town of Bristol. 401 of land had been made, and that they proceed to make a first division of " ninety acres to each right" Thus it seems that the business of all previous meetings was practicaUy annulled, and that the first division finaUy contained instead of one hundred and twenty acres, only ninety acres, which was really the fact. The second division corttained orte hundred and ten ; the third, one hundred ; the fourth, fifty ; and fifth, twenty acres. The first proprietors' meeting which appears on the records met at the house of Benjamirt Griswold, in Pocock, March 3, 1788, in pursuance to a warning published in the Vermont Gazette. Captain Miles Bradley was chosen moderator, and Henry McLaughlin, clerk. A tax of $2.00 was laid on each proprietor's right to defray the expense of the survey, and clearing highways, buUding bridges, etc. A committee, consisting of Timothy Rogers, Miles Bradiey, Justin AUen, Cyprian Eastman and Henry McLaughUn, was ap pointed to attend to said business, and the meeting was adjourned to meet in Addison, as we have noted. From this time forward the meetings were held in Pocock, or Bristol, as it soon became, and the business transacted related almost entirely to division of lands, levying taxes, etc., and hence would prove uninteresting to the general leader. Early Settlements. — The first permanent settlement was not begun in the present town of Bristol till the summer of 1786, twenty- four years after the charter was granted. ^ Early in June Samuel Stewart and Eden Johnson, who married sisters, started out from Skenesboro (now Whitehall), N. Y., for the wilderness land of Pocock ; Johnson traveling by land to drive their cattle, while Stewart took passage by boat up the lake with their household effects, his wife, Mrs. John son and her two chUdren, and his own chUd, Chauncey A. Stewart On the third day he and his party arrived at Vergennes, where he procured horses to convey them and their effects to their destination — the farm rtow owned and occupied by Joel B. Barlow. Here they were joined by Johnson, and together they built a small log house, to serve as their dwelling in common, the first erected in Bristol. In the autumn Mr. Stewart built a house for himself, where Perez Hubbard used to reside. About eighteen months later he purchased a location on the north side of the river, and built a log house near the stream artd directly east of the junction of the road which leads to New Haven Mills, 1 While John Willard and the others who formed the committee we have previously spoken of were prosecuting the duties devolving upon them here, in 1785, about a mile west of Bristol village they came across arudehabitationoccupiedby a Dutchman named John Broadt, as he stated. Hehadmadethat place his home, with no other company than a dog, for twelve years, seeing in that time no human face till met by the said committee. He came from Unadilla, N. Y., a fugitive from justice. Word was sent to his friends, informing them of his whereabouts, and subsequently he received pardon for his offense and returned to New York, after which nothing was heard of him. Thus this man may prop erly be said to have been the first white inhabitant of the town, though he did nothing towards clearing or improving the land, but subsisted like a savage by hunting and fishing. 402 History of Addison County. which he occupied until 1 797. His daughter Polly was the first child born in the town. In 18 17 he moved with his famUy to Ohio. Johnson resided in the town only a few years, when he removed to Plattsburgh, N. Y., and from thence to Canada, where he was drowrted, November 4, 1 809. Not long after Stewart and Johnson began their settlement here they were joined by Benjamin Griswold, Cyprian Eastman, Robert Dunshee, John Arnold, Justin Allen, Henry McLaughlin, Gurdon MunsiU, Samuel Brooks, Amos Scott and Elijah Thomas, the last four arriving on the same day ; while Benjamin Clapp, Samuel Renne, Samuel P. Hull, Dan Miller, Adam Getman, Daniel Thomas, Ezekiel Dunton, Amasa Ives and Nathan Corey were here previous to 1790. According to the town records these were added to, from time to time, by the arrival of the foUowing, about in the order named : As early as September 4, 1792, Phinehas Rugg, Ellis Maxham, Calvin Eastman, Asa Smith, Elisha Andrews and Anthony Field; in 1793, Robert Sutton, Henry Franklin, Mat thew Franklin, Benjamin Sutton, Benjamin Bartholomew artd Oliver Scott ; in 1794, Nahum Smith, Hezekiah Murdock, Asa Freeman, Moses Wheeler, Ephraim Munson, jr, Jedediah Keeler, Nathan Brown, Chauncey EUsworth, and Peter Renne; in 1795, John Ketcham, Truman Allen, Silas Hewett, Asa Hitchcock, WiUiam Day and Jeremiah Frazer; in 1796, Robert HoUey and Ephraim Raymond ; in 1 797-98, Justin Eastman, Noah Holcomb, Johnson AUen, John JeweU and Stephen Scott; in 1799, Oliver Drake, John Bunn, Obadiah Beal, David Copeland and Samuel Murdock ; and in 1800 by Asaph Parmelee, David Isham, Sylvester Scott, Reuben Abram, Luther Eastman, Jonathan AUard, James McAllister, Abraham Wiley, James Ketch, Isaac Isham, Josiah Field, Andrew Tubbs, Benjamin Freelove, George Blanchard, Elisha Freeman, Jesse Hanford, Artemas Parmelee, Richard Andrews, Gershom Hall, James Douglass, Joseph Myrrick, Eleazur Richardson, Enos Soper, Henry Soper, A. B. Sumner and Paris Miller, and doubless others. Benjamin Griswold came with his family to the town from the State of New York in 1787, locating on Bristol Flats, upon a part of the late Morgan estate. He remained only a few years, when he removed to Cambridge, Vt His son Horace was the second child born in the township. Captain Cyprian Eastmart was born in Norwich, Conn., in 1749, artd removed with his father to Beckett, and subsequently to Bennington county, where he married Rosannah Nehon, artd soon after, in 1787, removed to this town, locating on the flats. He was chosen one of the first selectmen of the town, and at the organization of a militia company, in June, 1791, was chosen its captain, and was also one of the committee elected to lay out the first divi sion lots and survey highways. He died of small-pox May 23, 1798, aged forty-nirte years, leavirtg a family of tert children. Robert Dunshee came from New Hampshire in 1787. He first located in Town of Bristol. 403 the southern part of the towu, but soon after removed to a part of the late Morgan estate, ort the flats, where he erected a two-story house. Here he carried on the business of a saddler and harness-maker several years, then sold his house to Lewis MUler and removed to the mountairt road, near the " Little Notch." At the organization of the town he was chosen one of its selectmen. He resided here until his death, of cancer, at an advanced age. Henry McLaughlin, who figured extensively in the early transactions of the settlers, was born in Ireland, and came to America with Burgoyne, serving as drummer boy, and remaining with the army tiU it marched from Ticonder oga. For a few years following he engaged in teaching school at Williamstown, Mass. He married Mary Dunton, of Dorset, Vt, sister of Ezekiel Dunton, and soon after, in March, 1787, came to Bristol, and located upon the farm now owned by Dorus S. Parmelee. He was the first proprietors' clerk, first town clerk, and one of the committee for laying out the first division, moderator of the first town meeting, and represented the town in the Legislature of 1793, '94 and '97. In 1800 he built the first brick house erected in the town, about a mile west of the village, which he kept for a time as a public house, and in which, in 1803, was opened the first post-office. In the spring of 1805 he re moved to St. Lawrence county, N. Y., though both he and his wife died in Bristol, while on a visit in 1813. Captain Gurdon MunsiU was born in Windsor, Conn., October 26, 1760, served all through the Revolutionary War, and soon after its close married Olive Carver, of Bolton, Conn., and came to Bristol with his wife and two chil dren, arriving March 21, 1789. He had been in town the previous year, made some improvements and built a log house on his farm, purchased of Timothy Rogers, and now owned by E. C. Powell. He was appointed by the Legislature a collector of the first land tax in Bristol, was a selectman of the town seven years, a justice of the peace two years, and represented the town in the Legisla ture of 1796. He died on the old homestead November 15, 1807. Judge Har vey MunsiU, one of his eight chUdren, long and favorably known in Bristol as a man of honor and abihty, received his education in the district schools of Bristol, and at the Addisort County Grammar School at Middlebury, and studied law with Hon. Daniel Chipman, of that town. Although reared a farmer, he inclined to the study and use of books. He succeeded to the ownership of the homestead, which he retained until about 1840. After the year 1820 he be came prominently identified with the pubUc affairs of the town, and his career as a public officer continued uninterruptedly from that date to a short time previous to his death. He was judge of probate for the New Haven district from 1836 to 1870; justice of the peace for over thirty years; trustee of the United States deposit money from 1838 to 1852 ; State senator for the years 1 842 and '43 ; deputy sheriff eight years, and county commissioner four years ; represented the town in the General Assembly for the years 1829 and '31 ; 405t. History of Addison County. served as selectman three years ; town clerk six months ; constable two years ; overseer of the poor one year ; town agent thirteen years, and moderator of town meetings eleven years. He was appointed a captain in the First Brigade, Third Division, Vermont militia. As a Mason he was master of Libanus Lodge, No. 47, from 1828 to 1866, and held the charter durirtg the artti-Masortic movement He was a man of strong political convictions, always founded upon a basis of what in his best judgment seemed just and for the public good, and was not an ultra partisan ; a frequent presider at political conventions, both Whig and Republican, aud was active irt matters of reform, especially temper ance. He married Laura, daughter of ZiUer Stickney, of Weybridge, Vt, March 10, 1818, and Harvey C. MunsiU, of Bristol, is their only son. Judge MunsiU never united with any church, but inclined to and supported the Con gregational creed, and was a member of that society. In the observance of all of the proprieties of life he was a noble and impressive example. He died April II, 1876, full of years and covered with honor. Harvey C. MunsiU was born in Bristol June 22, 1824. He hired his father's estate, and has been somewhat prominently identified with the civil affairs and business growth of the town. He married, October i, 185 1, Charlotte M. Holley, daughter of John D. Holley, of Bristol, and they have three children : Newcomb H., born July 14, 1852, fitted for coUege at Bristol Academy, en tered Middlebury College, and graduated from that institution in the class of 1877, taught in the graded school of WaUingford, Vt, four terms, studied law with Veazey & Durtton, of Rutland, later with Judge Albert Hobbs, of Ma lone, Franklin county, N. Y., and was admitted to the bar ofthe State ofNew York, and is now a member of the firm of Beeman & MunsiU, of Malone, N. Y. He married, in 1880, Mary, daughter of Orrin Moses, of Malone, and they have two children, Arthur H. and Edith. Seraph L., the only daughter of Harvey C, was born May 17, 1863, and died August 20, 1865. Charles E. MunsiU, the third and youngest of the family, was born May 27, 1867, artd is now attending the Albany Business College. Mr. MunsiU has been for the past four years town treasurer of Bris tol; has held the office of deputy sheriff from 1851 to 1855 ; justice of the peace several years ; moderator of town meetings several years ; grand juror, and agent for the Vermont Mutual Insurance Company for twenty-six years past He has dealt extensively in real estate and has made several creditable additions to the village plot of Bristol. General Ezekiel Dunton, from Dorset, settled upon the farm now owned by Ezra Knowles, of New Haven. He held a commission as brigadier-general in the Vermont militia, and was at the battie of Plattsburgh. He served the town for many years as selectman, constable, representative and justice of the peace, and died here February 13, 1824, aged fifty-six years. He left two sons, Thaddeus, who went West, and Ezekiel K., who died September 20, Town of Bristol. 40S 1837, aged thirty-four years. The latter was the father of Walter C. Dunton, ex-judge of the Supreme Court of Rutland, and William H. Duntort, also of Rutiand. Jonathart Eastmart, who came to Bristol from Rupert, Vt, iu 1791, was born in Norwich, Conn., in 1753. He removed to Rupert with his father, where he married a Miss Haynes, who bore him a daughter ; and for his sec ond wife a Miss Dean, who bore him five children. He was chosen as the town's first justice of the peace, and first representative, in 1792, holding the former office seventeert years, and was again a representative in 1795 ; was town clerk eleven years and a selectman four years. He died December 6, 18 16, Calvin, Oliver and Amos Eastman, brothers of Jonathan, were all re spected residents of Bristol, the latter dying at a very advanced age. Robert Holley, a native ofNew London, Conn., came from Hebron, N. Y., in 1795, and located on the east side of the highway, nearly opposite the place now owned by Joel Barlow. In 1808 he removed to the village, where he kept a public house several years. He served the town as constable and collector, represented the town in the General Assembly eight years ; was a delegate to the constitutional convention in 1826; was a presidential elector, casting his vote for President Monroe, and was a justice of the peace twenty- eight years. He was the father of eight children, and died April 18, 1836, aged seventy-seven years. Mrs. H. C. MunsiU, Mrs. Cornelia Smith, and Mrs. Titus B. Page are his grandchildren. One of his daughters, Samantha, mar ried Dr. Joseph Needham, and several of their descendants now reside in the town. Samuel H., son of Robert studied at West Point, was a lawyer and assistant judge of the County Court, and occupied the farm now owned by Frank Hines. He died March 21, 1858, aged seventy-five years. WUUs R. Peak is a grandson. Captain Noble Munson, born in Westfield, Mass., in 1770, located upon the farm now owned by Elexice St. George. He was in the battle of Plattsburgh, and served the town for many years as selectman, representative, etc. Asaph Parmelee, jr., Uved in a brick house about a mile south of the village, upon the place now owned by his nephew, Dorus S. Parmelee, where he died October 24, 1854. Daniel E. Parmelee lived on the farm now owned by B. W. Pollard. His son, George W., now hves in the village. Harvey Parmelee, for many years a justice of the peace, occupied the place now owned by his son, Dorus S. Parmelee, He died May 2, 1857, aged fifty-four years. Enos Soper, who came here at an early day, moved to the West some time between 1830 and 1840. Henry Soper, who died February 14, 1844, aged sixty-eight years, resided in the village where Colonel Dunshee now lives. Mrs. Dunshee is his granddaughter. Trumart Crane, a wealthy farmer, and for a long time grand juror, occupied the farm now owned by Noble L. Varney. His widow resides in the viUage. Gershom Hall settled upon the farm now occupied by Albro 4o6 History of Addison County. S. Cummings. Barnes B. Hall, son of John Hall, was a celebrated Methodist Episcopal clergyman and at one time a presiding elder. James Wilder, who served the towrt as constable about 1830 or 1835, subsequently removed to Euchd, Ohio. None of his descendants resides in the towrt, but Charles M. Wilds, a lawyer of Middlebury, is a grandson. Josephus Hatch lived upon the farm now owned by Charles C. Dunshee. His son Jerry, a graduate of Middlebury CoUege, became a Mormon priest Henry G. Sumrter lived in the southern part of the town. He was a twin brother of George H. Sumner. Among his descendants in the town is Seneca Sumner. Nathan Hastings at one time resided in the viUage. He died here June 19, 1858. Rufus H. Bar nard occupied the farm now owned by his son Clinton R. He died September 22, 1842, aged fifty-seven years. David L. Annan lived in the viUage. He died here November 26, 1846, aged sixty years. John Howdert lived ort the farm now owned by Joel B. Barlow. He died July 3, 1858, aged seventy- seven years. His son William S. now resides in the village. John Brooks re sided upon the farm now owned by Amos E. Hazelton, whose wife was a Miss Brooks. Wolcott Burnham, an old Revolutionary soldier, lived in the north ern part of the village. Thurston Chase, after whom " Chase Hollow " was named, resided upon the farm now owrted by Page Colby. His son William S. now lives in the village. Abram Vradenburg, an old soldier of the War of 1812, lived in the eastern part of the town. He died April 12, 1863, aged seventy-five years. John Dunshee lived about a half mile southwest of the village, upon the place now owned by Mrs. Manette Morrison. His son Albert lives on the flats. Ira Tucker lived on the farm now owned by J. W. Rock wood. He died March 13, 1856, aged seventy-seven years. His son Ira is now a resident of the town. Moses Wheeler, an early settler, has no descend ants now living in the town ; but his son, F. P. Wheeler, is a physician of Bur lington, Vt. Oliver Drake, an early settler, was the grandfather of Oliver S. Solomon Drake, who served as town clerk many years, resided in the eastern part of the village. Sylvester Scott settled upon the farm now owned by Enoch Varney, but at the time of his death lived on the farm now owned by Patrick O'Neil. His son, Loren L., now resides in the village. Nathan Rider lived where WiUiam C. Rider now resides, in the easterrt part of the village. Will iam C. has two sons, James B. and W. W., the latter a lawyer. Paul Ray mond located in the eastern part of the town, where he was a residertt for many years. Riley Adams lived on the farm now owned by James Jacobs, where he died April 2, 1824, aged seventy-three years. WilUam Buss, who located upon the farm now owned by Patrick O'NeU, died December 25, 1836, aged sixty- three years. Dr. James Day lived and died upon the farm now owned by William D. Battles. John Wilkinson, who located upon the farm now owned by Henry La Varn, moved away about 1830, or earlier. Joseph Berry, who located uport the farm rtow owned by Joel B. Barlow, moved away at an early Town of Bristol. 407 date. James Saxton, who was an early settler, died irt the village AprU 18, 1 862, aged eighty-two years. His brother Jehiel moved to Ohfo at an early day. Seth Peake died in the vUlage January 1 1, 1827, aged forty-three years. His sort Royal W. and his grandson WiUis R. reside here. Frederick Peet, a blacksmith in the eastern part of the village, died September 19, 1828, aged thirty-five years. Edward Sweet lived about a mile north of the viUage, upon the farm now occupied by James T. Tucker He died November 9, 1851, aged fifty-nine years. Nancy, wife of George W. Parmelee, is a daughter Dr Chauncey Moor died July 12, 1837, aged sixty-six years. Reed Rathbun located upon the farm now owned by his son Curtis R., where he died January 14, 1863, aged sixty-one years. Bennet B. Dean, who was overseer of the poor for many years, died on the place now owned by Betsey Durfee. Sidney Moody, afterwards a druggist in Middlebury, went to Vineland, N. J., where he died. Kendrick W. FoUett, who hved in the vUlage many years, died De cember 26, 1 861, aged fifty-nine years. His widow stUl survives him. Ben jamin Vinton, eighty years of age, now residing on West street, has been a resident ofthe viUage many years. Elisha Briggs, after whom " Briggs HiU,'' in the eastern part of the town, was named, still resides here at a very ad vanced age. Town Organization, etc. — In the issue of the Vermont Gazette for Feb ruary 14, 1789, the foUowing notification, or warning for the first town meet ing in Pocock, or Bristol, was published : " These are to warn the inhabitants of Pocock to meet at the dwelling house of Justin Allen, in said Pocock, on the first Monday of March next, at 10 o'clock A. M., to act as follows: ist, to choose a moderator to govern said meeting ; 2d, to choose a town clerk ; 3d, to choose selectmen ; 4th, to choose a town treasurer; 5 th, to choose a constable ; 6th, to do any other business thought proper to do on said day. Elijah Foot, J. P. " New Haven, February 14, 1789." AUert's house was located about a third of the way up the steep hiU, on the old Thomas Sumner place. Here the freemen of the town assembled at the appointed hour, and the legal organization of the town was effected by choos ing Henry McLaughhn moderator, and then proceeding to elect the following town officers : Henry McLaughlin, clerk ; Cyprian Eastman, Samuel Stewart and Robert Dunshee, selectmen ; Amos Scott, treasurer ; and Justin Allen, constable. From this time down to 1854 the town meetings were held on the first Monday in March, annually, and since then upon the first Tuesday of that month. The second meetirtg, accordirtg to the records, was held at the house of Bertjamirt Griswold, artd then for two years in a log house in the " Center District." At a meeting held at the latter place on March i, 1792, it was " Voted, that two bushels of wheat be taken out of the town treasury to pay town expenses." Also, "Voted, that Jerusha D shaU be carried off by the 4o8 History of Addison County. selectmen, firstly to her parents, and if she return from them, then carry her to the last place where they have gained a residence, artd if there is no place where they have gained a residence, then carry her to the place of her na tivity." From the school-house the place of holding meetings was removed to the dweUing of Henry McLaughliu, which was the meeting place tiU 1797. After this meetings were held as foUows : The house of John Ketcham till 1 804 ; Noble Munson's tiU 1808; Oliver Eastman's tiU 18 10; Robert HoUey's tiU 1831 ; Methodist chapel tiU 1834; at the pubUc house tiU 1848 ; school -house in Bristol village tiU September 31, 1857 ; and then the meeting was adjourned to meet in a room irt the academy building in the village, the towrt having paid $600 towards the erection of the building for the "privUege of holding town and freemen's meetings therein." Here the meetings were held until " HoUey Hall " was built, in 1884, at a cost of $1 1,300. The site for this fine structure was donated by Winter Holley and his daughter, Cornelia Smith, widow of Oliver A., a son of Charles L. Smith. Early Manufactures. — ^The first grist-mill built in the town was put up by James, William and John O'Brian about the year 1792. It was located west of South Mountain, upon the brook which still bears the builders' name. This mill was a small affair, and was in use but a short time, though it was very valuable to the early settlers, until a more pretentious structure was built at New Haven MiUs. Subsequently, irt 1805, a grist-miU was built at Bristol village by Enos Soper, and which did service until September, 1849, when it was destroyed by fire. Henry and Enos Soper and Uriah Arnold next erected a stone mill irt the eastern part of the village. Soon after the first grist mill was built, Amos Scott put up a saw-miU in the western part of the town, on New Haven River. At an early day the attention of the inhabitants was directed towards the practicability of manufacturing their own irort, from the ore afforded in the town ship. This idea was carried out, and in 1791 Amos Scott, Captain Gurdon MunsiU and Cyprian and Amos Eastman built a forge near where Scott erected the first saw-miU. This ertterprise, though continued but a comparatively short time, proved of great importance, not only to Bristol but to neighboring towns. Subsequently there were six other forges erected, as follows : The second, by Amos and Ebenezer Scott, near where the old John Dunshee trip-hammer shop stood. The irou made here soon began to firtd its way to Troy, N. Y., in payment for goods. The third, built by Joshua Frankhn, jr., Henry Frank lin, John Arnold and Nehemiah Hobert, in 1802, was located on the north side of the river, in what is now Bristol village. This forge did a good business for many years, manufacturing bar iron. In June, 1809, it was burned, rebuilt, and again burned in 1816, rebuilt, and destroyed by fire again in 1823, when it was rebuilt, to be finally destroyed by the great freshet of 1830. The fourth Town of Bristol. 409 forge was built in 1832 by Thurston and James Chase, Nathaniel Drake and George C. Dayfoot, on Baldwin Creek. It was allowed to go to ruin many years since. The fifth was located on the north side of the river, just east of the village, and as late as about 1855 was operated by Winter H. Holley. The sixth, located on the north side of Baldwin Creek, was built by Oliver W. Burnham, and had a brief existence. The seventh and last was built by Luman Munson, Bennet B. Dean and D. R. Gaige, near the old John Dunshee trip hammer shop. The business was discontinued between 1850 and i860. Soon after the year 1800 Elisha Fuller purchased of James Hair a site in Bristol village and erected thereon buUdings for carrying on the business of cloth dressing. Subsequently machinery for carding wool was added, and the business was conducted by different parties down to 1830, when the great freshet swept everything off, and the mill was not rebuilt. Military. — There were few among the early male population of Bristol that had not served in some capacity in the continental ranks. But as a town, it of course has no Revolutionary history. On the 7th of June, 1791, the first militia company was organized here, the " Tenth Company, Second Regiment, Sixth Brigade Vermont Infantry." Cyprian Eastman was elected captain and Benjamin Clapp lieutenant, positions of no little honor in those days. Another company, the " Light Infantry," was organized June I, 1 808, which elected John Hilborn captain, and Jehial Saxton lieutenant. At the invasion of Plattsburgh, in September, 18 14, sixty-six volunteers were present from Bristol. Fifty-one of these served in Captain Jehiel Sax- ton's company, under command of General Strong. Ten were in Captain Jewett's company, of New Haven. Ezekiel Dunton, who was then a brigadier- general, took command of a small company as their captain, and John How den, who was the general's aid-de-camp, served in his company as a private. Robert Holley and Henry Getman served in a company from Charlotte, and Oliver W. Burnham served in Captain John Moulton's company. In the late great war the town also bore an honorable part. The following list from the State records give's the names of all who went out from the town to serve in Vermont regiments : Volunteers for three years credited previous to caU for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : J. M. Bacon, A. F. Baker, E. R. Bancroft, C. L. Bartiett, H, R. Beckwith, R. A. Bird, H. Bowers, H. Brooks, W. Brooks, N. Bush, M. Bushee, A. But ler, E. D. Chase, E. D. Chillson, H. Cook, A. Danforth, G. E. Drake, O. B. Drake, W. B. Dunshee, E. J. Foster, A. N. Gauthier, C. Grimes, B. J, Grin- neU, J. Hagan, D. HambUn, J. B. Hastings, B. F. Hickin, J. Hirtes, A. A. Lelartd, J. McVar, H. C. Myers, J. Moody, S. S. Morgan, F. Mullings, G. MuUens, R. Munroe, C. R. Myers, W. W. Needham, H, Noland, J, Oakes, C. O'Briart, H. O'Briart, L. Orcutt, H. L. Prime, D. C. Quimby, J. B, Quimby, 410 History of Addison County, C. J. S. Randall, H. Robbins, J. Scarborough, J. W. Shadrick, R. Sharlow, B. Sheldon, J. Sheldon, E. Tart, N. Tart, D. R. Thompson, N. C. Thompson, E. Vradenburgh, C. B. Warner, C. E. P. Wheeler, E. C. Wright. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls : Volunteers for three years. — A. Bezner, J. Bezrter, W. E. Bicknell, C. Bow ers, H. Brooks, G. H. Bunker, F. Daniel, C. E. Dushon, D. K. Hamblin, E. R. Jacobs, U. D. Jacobs, H. D. May, C. E. Nelson, A. A. Peters, P. Phinrtey, S. Preston, C. Prince, W. T. Richardson, M. Roberts, J. Shadick, W. Shadick, L. Steady, jr., J. Weaver. Volunteers for one year — E. D. Chase, F. M. Dwyer, L. C. Finch, G. W. Green, N. Mclntyre, D. Munroe, H. C. Myers, F. Strait, L. S. Walker, L. F. Weaver, E. Whittemore, G. Whittemore. Volunteers re-enlisted. — J. M. Bacon, E. R. Bancroft, H. Bowers, M. Bus hee, J. S. Chandler, E. D. Chillson, A. Danforth, C. Grimes, B. J. GrinrteU, J. W. Hilton, L. Orcutt, I. B. Quimby, D. R. Thompson. Not credited by name. — Two men. Volunteers for nirte months. — E. D. Barnes, R. C. Brown, H. Butler, M. Caliban, J. Clapper, 1^. F. Dunshee, N. Gravel, F. W. GrinneU, A. E. Manum, N. Mclntyre, M. Melian, S. W. Palmer, D. Patno, I. Plain, H. C. Powers, E. Tatro, S. Vradenburgh, D. Whitmore, jr, C. Yattaw. Furnished under draft — Paid commutation, C. C. Abbott, W. T. Drake, C. Kendall. Procured substitute, N. Crozier, T. Rockwood. Entered service, S. Crozier, G. Q. Day. Present Town Officers. — The present board of officers for the town is as follows : E. M. Kent, clerk ; H. C. MunsiU, treasurer ; H. S. Sumner, W. R. Peake, and P. W. Chase, selectmen ; E. S. Farr, constable ; A. D. Searls, su perintendent of schools ; W. W. Needham, N. J. Hill, and C. W. Norton, Usters; R. A. Young, overseer of the poor; and W. W. Rider, town agent Population Statistics. — The following figures from the tables of the United States census reports show the population of the town to have fluctuated little, but rather to have been steadily increasirtg since the taking of the first census ini79i: 1791,211; 1800,665; 1810,1,179; 1820,1,051; 1830,1,274; 1840, 1,233; 1850, 1,344; i860, 1,355; 1870, 1,365; 1880, 1,579. municipal. Bristol village occupies a commanding site upon an elevated plain about one hurtdred and twenty feet above the bed of New Haven River, just after that stream leaves the wild ravine known as " The Notch." Lying thus at the very base of Hogback Mountain, with South Mountain, on the southeast, fine examples of the picturesque wildness of nature, nearly approaching grandeur, are ever present to the beholder, and in rare contrast to the fertile plains north Town of Bristol. 4" and south, and the broad view sweeping westward to the Adirondacks of Northern New York. The village itself lies principally upon four streets. North, South, East, and West streets, respectively, extending in the direction their names would sug gest Near the center of the village they irttersect, at which point is enclosed a fine park. The good water power afforded by the river here is utUized by several manufacturing interests, so that the viUage is equally renowned for its business capacity, beauty, and the fine view it commands. It has about twenty stores, four churches (Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Adventist, and Roman Catholic), one hotel, a printing-office, coffin and casket manufactory, a photo graph gallery, two harness shops, grist-mill, etc., an elegant town hall graded school, six physicians, two dentists, and about eight hundred inhabitants. In 1800 this site was almost an unbroken wilderness, there not being a framed house here and scarcely a barn. A few rude log houses were all that were to be found. But here manufacturing establishments began to spring up, as we have detailed on a previous page, bringing workmen to the scene, and in their wake came shops, stores, etc., which, with the central location to give them permanency, made the village, as it now is, the metropolis of the town ship. The following sketch of the village as it was in 1 840 will give some idea of its growth : W. H. Hawley kept a store where the town hall now stands. Henry Spaulding had a store in the old brick buUding now occupied by Em erson W. Smith, which was built three years previous. Hezekiah Foster was located as a merchant where the O'Neil block now stands. Henry Gale was located where W. H. Miller now is. Abram B. Huntley, now living in Whit ing, had a store where Willis Peak's house stands, which he built in 1836. About the same time, also. Pier & Chilson built a store on the north side of East street, which they conducted several years, and which was finally de stroyed by fire. Philo S. Warner and Loyal Downing were shoemakers, the former having located here as early as 1825, and the latter occupying the building now used by Mr. Eastman for his harness shop. Deacon Amasa Grin nell, a Mr. Dexter, and Andrew Santee (colored) were blacksmiths. John Dunshee and William Perry had wagon shops here. Albert, son of the former, is now a resident on the flats. The hotel, " Bristol House," was kept by Samuel Eddy. Aside from these were the forge, grist-mill, saw-miU and cloth- dressing works we have previously mentioned. Post-office. — A post-office was first established in Bristol in 1803, with Thaddeus McLaughlin postmaster. The office was located in the first brick buUding erected iu the town, by the father of Thaddeus, Henry McLaughlin, in 1800, and located about a mile west of the present village. Previous to this the mail matter for Bristol, consisting of a few letters and the Middlebury Mer cury, was brought from Middlebury each week by the settiers themselves, who 412 History of Addison County. alternately shared in the task. Irt 1804 Jacob Cadwell was appointed post master, and the following year was succeeded by Isaac Cadwell, who retained the office until 181 5, when he in turn was succeeded by Joseph Otis. Both Jacob and Isaac Cadwell kept the office in their house, a log structure used as a hotel, about four miles northeast from the vUlage, on the Starksboro road. When Joseph Otis took the office in 181 5, however, he removed it to the vil lage, where it has been retained since. Fred Landon is the present post master. Manufacturing Interests. — At the head of the manufacturing interests of Bristol is the Bristol Manufacturing Company, which was origirtally established under the firm name of Howdert, Daniels & Co., for the purpose of manufac turing coffins and caskets in a small way. This limited business steadily in creased, and in 1867 the firm name was changed to Howden, Bosworth & Co., and Ort January i, 1877, a stock company was formed under the title ofthe Bristol Martufacturing Company, with W. S. Howden, president, and D. Beck with, secretary and treasurer. The original capital of $25,000 was subse quently increased to $46,000, whUe to the original business was added that of manufacturing sash, doors and blinds and gerteral jobbing. The company has a firte water power and four buildings, with sheds, etc., embracing a saw mill, wood-factory, two finishing shops, dry-house, office, storage rooms, etc. The works employ from fifty to sixty hands, and the artnual sales amount to about $66,000, and are constantly increasing. The goods are sold princi pally in New York and New England. R. D. Stewart's grist-mill on South street, operated by W. I. Rider, has three run of stones and all modern improvements. The mill was partially destroyed by the freshet of 1869, a short time previous to which it became Mr. Stewart's property, and he rebuilt it soon after. F. Greenough, blacksmith and wagon-maker, began business here in 1878. Octave Cushman, blacksmith and wheelwright, has been in business here about twenty years. N. Mclntyre, blacksmith and wagon-maker, has been here since 1867. J. H. Wright, carriage-maker, has been here since 1850. Ira T. East man and William Battles are harness-makers, the former having been here since 1865. Mercantile Interests. — W. H. Miller, dealer in clothing and furnishing goods, began business here in the sale of notions in 1876. In 1885 he went into his present business, taking the store then occupied by W. B. Dunshee, and previously by N. F. Dunshee. F. I. Ward, millinery, fancy goods, etc., began business in the O'Neil block in 1873, and removed to his present locatiort in 1875, which was then built by Drake, Farr & Co, E, S. & S. D. Farr, stoves and hardware, began business in 1878, succeed- irtg the old firm of Drake, Farr & Co., who buUt the the block. Town of Bristol. 413 J. J. Dumas, dealer in sash, doors and blinds, etc., began business in 1881. Ridley & Varney are undertakers. In 1876 M. P. Varney began the busi ness and J. J. Ridley became a partner in 1882. Bush & Patterson, dealers in groceries and provisions, crockery, notions, etc., became a firm in 1878, Edward B. Patterson buying the interest of H. C. Barnes, C. P. Bush's partner About two years the former partnership had existed where WiUiam E. Dunshee now is. The block they now occupy was buUt by Mr Patterson in 1878. W. E. Dunshee, who begart his mercantile career here in 1856, deals in groceries and provisions, though he formerly kept a general store. F. W. Nash began the boot and shoe business in the spring of 1884, as successor to M. S. Wilds, who had carried on the business over thirty years, and who built the block. Mr Nash also carries on the dry goods and fancy goods trade in the same block, in which he succeeded G. P. Phalen in 1884. N. F. Dunshee began the dry goods business in W. E. Dunshee's block in 1883. In company with Willis Peak he formerly carried on the same business where W. H. Miller now is. C. S. Bristol, jewelry and boots and shoes, began business in 1872 upon the opposite side of the street from his present location, to which he moved in 1873- E. C. Dike, hardware, stoves, tinware, etc., began business here in 1869 as Dike, Bixby & Co. ; he became sole proprietor in 1880. S. W. Hatch, undertaking, furniture and carpets, began business in 1870. C. P. Abernethy, grocery and market, began at his present location in 1884. D. M. Strortg, grocery and market, began business in his present store in 1883. Dr. D. A. Bisbee, proprietor of the " ViUage Drug Store," bought out Hiram Shattuck in 1880, who had been in the business here a number of years. Dr. E. M. Kent, drugs and medicines, began business in 1872. Peter H. Lander & Co., cigar- makers and dealers, in business here sirtce October, 1884, employ twenty hands. C. E. Smith carries on the photograph gallery, and seUs picture frames. J. Miller is a merchant tailor. M. W., P. P. and J. S. Wilson established the Bristol Herald in May, 1879, under the firm name of Wilson Brothers. The paper is an eight column Re publican sheet. They also do job printing. The Bristol House was bought by Abram Gaige, father to T. B. Gaige, and rebuilt by him about 1820. He continued in the hotel business here until about 1834 or 1835, when he was succeeded by his son, D. R. Gaige, and Lu man Murtson. Among those who have acted as its landlord may be mentioned Samuel Eddy, William Rutherford, Ransom Taft, Partch & Post, and David Brown, the latter of whom sold to the present proprietor, J. J. Ridley, in Feb ruary, 1 87 1. 27 414 History of Addison County. The Professions. — W. W. Rider, the lawyer of Bristol, was born here in 1 84 1. He studied law with Horatio Needham, was admitted to the bar in 1865, and has practiced here since. Dr. E. G. Prime was born in Bristol irt 1843. He graduated from the Jef ferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1870, and from the Royal College of Edinburgh, Scotland, in June, 1882. He practiced one year in Glasgow, in Rutland two years, Boston one year, and has been in Bristol since. Dr D. A. Bisbee, born in Brandon in 1852, graduated from the Michigan University in 1875, and came here in 1879. Dr. E. M. Kent, born in Lincoln in 1843, graduated from the University of Vermont in 1866, and has practiced here since. D. A. A. Dean was born in Monkton in 1857, graduated from the Univer sity of New York in 1878, and has practiced here since. Dr George O. W. Farnham was born in Shoreham in 1859, graduated from the University of Vermont in 1883, and has been here since. H. A. Hasseltine studied dentistry with A. A. Rosseter, and began practice here in 1877. E. W. Shattuck studied in Bristol and at Lowell, Mass., artd begart the practice of derttistry here in 1881. ECCLESIASTICAL. The Bristol Baptist Church was organized by Elder Joseph Call, in 1794 with nine members. Rev. Thomas Tuttle was the first settled minister. The church buUding, erected in 1794, wiU seat two hundred and fifty persons, and is valued at $4,900, including grounds. The society now has one hundred and two members, with Rev. P. B. Strong, pastor, who was installed August i, 1885. The present officers of the society are Daniel W. Durfee, Octavius Cushman artd WUliam MiUer, prudential committee ; J. J. Dumas and A. J. Averill, deacons ; and Wallace Rider, treasurer. The Congregational Church was organized July 8, 1805, by Rev. J. Bush- rtell, of Cornwall, who at an early day occasionally preached here. David In graham, first deacon, continued to officiate until he removed from town in 181 5. They had no stated preaching for several years, nor house of worship tiU 1 8 19, when they built a house in connection with the Baptists and Uni- versaUsts, each dertomination to occupy in proportion to the amount paid for its erection. They occupied their share until 1837, 'when they buUt the pres ent Congregational Church. Rev. Calvin Butier, ordained February 10, 1842, was the first settled minister, the society at that time having sixty-seven mem bers. The church now has no regular pastor, and the building is leased to the Adventists, The Methodist Church of Bristol Village was organized in 1813, services being held at the residence of Ebenezer Saxton. Rev. Stephen Scovenberger Town of Bristol. 415 preached the first Methodist sermon in Bristol. Services were held in barns and private houses untU 18 19, whert a chapel was built which did service untU 1840, when the present church was erected, and is now valued at about $3,- 000. The society has nirtety-five members, with Rev. A. H. Nash, pastor, installed May i, 1885. The stewards of the society, who are by law of the State ex-officio trustees, are F. Landon, C. W. Smith, F. I. Ward, E. Vilmore, S. B. Searles, B. W. PoUard, F. S. Thompson, A. Ferguson and J. T. Tucker. The Advent Christian Church held services as early as 1840, a portion of the time irt Academy Hall. The society is now organized with nineteen mem bers, holding services in the Congregational Church, which they have leased for a term of years. Rev. Hiland Quimby, the first pastor, was succeeded by the present incumbent. Rev. S. P. Hayward, in 1885. The officers of the so ciety are William Howden and Samuel Stewart, deacons. Educational. — The Bristol Scientific Institute was established many years ago, and during the late war was changed to the Bristol Academy, which name it retained till March 2, 1881, when it was organized as the Bristol Graded School. The present building, erected in 1855, was removed a hundred rods to its present location about 1 876. Mason S. Stone is principal of the acad emy, assisted by E. A. Hasseltine, Julia Barry, Hattie Bissonette and Miss Spencer. The town has nine school districts. Secret Societies. — Libanus Lodge No. 47, F. and A. M., was chartered January 13, 1859. It now has seventy-nine members, and meets the second Monday evening of each month. Its officers are as follows : H. S. Sumner, W. M. ; S. W. Hatch, S. W. ; A. A. Dean, secy. ; H. B. Williams, treas. ; C. W. Huler, S. D. ; W. H. Prime, J. D. ; E. A. Hasseltine, chaplain ; C. W. Norton, G. W. FUnn, E. W. Smith, finance committee; J. R. Kilborn, O. C. Crandall, stewards ; H. P. Sherwin, tiler, and W. W. Needham, marshal. Gifford Chapter No. 23. H. C. MurtsiU, H. P.; M. S. Taylor, K.; H. S. Sumner, S.; S. F. Hasseltine, secy.; H. B. WiUiams, treas.; W. P. Chase, C. O. H.; E. A. Hasseltirte, P. S.; W. W. Needham, R. A. C; G. W. Fhnn, M. 3d V.; G. W. Smith, M. 2d V.; Jas. Dunton, M. ist V.; A. E. Munson, E. G. Prine, stewards; W. S. Crampton, tiler. Convocation first Wednesday of each month. Number of members thirty-one. MunsiU CouncU has fifteen members, with the foUowing officers : E. A. Has seltine, J. I. M.; S. Brunch, D. M.; A. E. Munson, P. C; L. S. Crampton, re corder. 4i6 History of Addison County. CHAPTER XIX. history of the town of CORNWALL. THE original grarttees of Cornwall were probably residents of Litchfield county, Cortrtecticut The charter granted to them was signed by Ben nirtg Wentworth, governor of New Hampshire, on the 3d day of November, 1 76 1. The following are their names ; Elias Reed, Thomas Chipman, Murry Lester, Samuel Lee, Josiah Heath, James Nichols, Josiah Dean, Ebenezer Fletcher, Samuel Keep, RosweU Steel,. Alexander Gaston, George Nichols, WilUam Nichols, John Judd, Timothy Brownson, Solomon Linsley, Andrew Esquire, Moses Buck, David Cowles, Moses Read the 3d, Zuriel Jacobs, WUliam TrumbuU, Stephen Bentort, Sarah Nichols, Benjamin Smalley, John Willoby, Joel Reed, Joseph WUUams, James Nichols, jr., Ertoch Slawsort, Phinehas Holdcom, Josiah Willoby, Samuel Chip- man, Thomas Tuttle, Jabez Tuttle, John Skinner, Samuel Hulburd, Hannah Austin, Ruluff White, David Averill, Amos Chipman, Jabez WUliams, James Smith, Andrew Brownson and John ScoviU, one right ; Samuel Judd, Eleanor Smith, Benjamin Woodruff, Jonah Sandford, WiUiam Reed, Nathan Benton, Abiel Linsley, John Everts, James Landon, esq., James Landon, jr., Ezekiel Landon, Thomas Landon, John Hutchinson, esq., WUliam Ham, David Reed, David Stevens, Richard Wiberd, esq., Joseph Newmarch, esq., Samuel Beebee, Isaac Benton. Owing to the glaring discrepancies between the town lines, as established by the charter, and a re-survey dated September 25, 1784, both of which were grossly inaccurate, a controversy arose beween Cornwall and Whiting, which in 1789 ripened into a law suit. The result being uufavorable to CorrtwaU, the proprietors thereof repeatedly petitioned the Legislature for a rehearing, which was probably granted. Orin Field, an early resident of Cornwall near the Whiting border, is quoted in Mathew's History of Cornwall as substantially saying : " The proprietors of Whiting claimed about two miles of the south part of CornwaU, i. e., as far as the north line of Daniel Scovel's farm, extended east ward and westward to the limits of the town ; while Cornwall claimed about the same breadth of territory in the north part of Whiting, and both inter preted their charters as substantiating their demands. After the litigatiort above described the controversy was settled by a compromise, which assigned about two-thirds of the territory to CornwaU, and the balance to Whiting." There was danger for a time, also, of a rupture between the inhabitants of Cornwall and Weybridge respecting that portion of Cornwall which lies north of the Middlebury and Bridport road, Weybridge being inclined to demand the entire tract The jurisdiction of Cornwall was finally ackrtowledged, how- Town of Cornwall. 4^7 ever, on the ground of priority in the date of its charter. In referertce to this point, Judge Swift, in his History of Middlebury, remarks : " There are on record several deeds referring to ' Weybridge Old Corner' It is obvious that a different line was originally recognized [claimed by Wey bridge] as dividing the towns of Cornwall and Weybridge, and far enough south to include the faUs in the latter town, and by persevering examination we find that it forms the division line between Foot's mill lot and the home farm of the late Colonel Storrs. There is no record of the time and manner of altering this line, nor have I found any living man who had any knowledge of such a line. But it is probable that the change was made by the surveyor- general in 1784, when the to wrt Unes of Middlebury were surveyed and cor rected. Among the records of Cornwall town meeting in November, 1787, is the following : ' A petition from Weybridge for setting off from Cornwall to the former old line was read and rejected.'" The proprietors, after organizing under their charter, adopted the name of Cornwall, from a town in Litchfield county. Their early meetings were held in Sahsbury, Conn. The proceedings at these meetings can be only inferred, however, as the record was burned in Connecticut in 1788. If there were, therefore, any general survey and allotments of land in the town previous to that time, all traces of the division lines were so far obliterated by the loss of the records that the settlers, while claiming under some original right, con sulted their preferences respecting the location of their claims. Hence it fre quently happened that lots claimed under the same right were situated in dif ferent parts of the town. These claims were denominated " pitches." Lots were also granted to settlers who had performed some town service, such as working on the highways, irrespective of the quantity of land previously granted, a method which resulted in unavoidable confusion and controversy, some of the later claimants finding no land unoccupied, " while many of the settlers, shrewdly observing the boundaries of the pitches occupied by their neighbors, after the lapse of years found vacant lots that had escaped the notice of surveyors and claimants, which they secured for themselves simply by hav ing them surveyed, and the survey entered upon the record." The difficulties thus engendered were not removed for years, and undoubtedly retarded the settlement of Cornwall. The custom was not confined to this town, however, but prevailed in all or nearly all the towns in the State. The first settlers of Cornwall were Asa Blodget, James Bentiey, James Bentiey, jr., Thomas Berttley, Joseph Throop, Theophilus Alleu, William Douglass, Samuel Benton, Eldad Andrus, Samuel Blodget, Sardius Blodget, Solomort Linsley, Aaron Sco1;t artd Nathan Foot They arrived and made their pitches in 1774. The eight first named selected their lands in the east part of the township, bourtding on Otter Creek, and by the change of limits, in 1796 became inhabitants of Middlebury. The remaining six made their pitches in the northern and central parts of this town. 41 8 History of Addison County. In 1775 Ebenezer Stebbins, Joel Linsley and John Holley made their pitches, and in 1776 Jonah Sanford, Obadiah Wheeler and James Marsh Doug lass settled their locations. None of these names except those of Solomon Linsley and Jonah Sanford is endorsed on the charter. With these excep tions, and two or three others who came after the war, the surveys urtiformly specify certain "original rights," on which their claims were leased. Eldad Andrus first settled on the farm now occupied by Mrs. T. B. Holly, and afterwards exchanged farms with Zechariah Benedict, whose pitch lay in the west part of the town bounding on Lemon Fair His first house was built a few rods east of the present buildings. He was taken prisoner irt May or June, 1778, by Indians and Tories, and carried across Lake Champlain to the British camp, where he was held for several months. Meanwhile the Indians frequently visited his house, consumed his provisions, destroyed his young fruit-trees, and stole his mare and her colt. It is said that two years later the mare and colt returned, accompanied by another colt, the young beasts being so well matched as to make Andrus a valuable team. Having discovered a chance to escape, he fled the British camp, but soon perceived that he was fol lowed by an Indian. Whereupon, securing a heavy club, he hid himself under a huge log over which his pursuer must pass, and at the opportune moment felled him to the earth, and effected his escape unmolested. Among his de scendants now living in town are his grandson, S. S. Andrus, and great-grand daughters, Mrs. James Tracey and Mrs. O. A. Field. Samuel Blodget pitched on a lot of one hundred acres on the old North and South road from Cornwall to Middlebury, which was destroyed some time before i860. M. B. Williamson, R. A. Foot, A. M. WiUiamson, Mrs. M. M. Peet, and Mrs. Alberton S. Bingham are his grandchildren. He was taken prisoner at the same time as Eldad Andrus, and was bourtd to a tree and threatened with death. Upon making himself known to a British officer as a Freemason, this fate was averted, and it was reserved for him to be taken to Ticonderoga, " where he suffered all the abuse artd tortures usual to captives, and was imprisoned on board an old vessel, which abounded with vermin and filth, until he obtained permission to go on shore and drive team and perform other duties which fell to the lot of captives. He was liberated iu the fall, and returned to his family, who by this time had removed to Bennirtgton or Arling ton, where they remained untU the announcement of peace." He died on his original pitch in 1838, aged eighty-seven years. The first settlement of Solomon Linsley embraced the farm owned, in 1862, by Milo Williamson, a few rods north of the present farm of M. B. WiUiamson. Aaron Scott, of Sunderland, Mass., cleared a hundred acres west of Solo mon Linsley, the survey embracing the present farm of Mrs. S. D. Carr, and extended further west and south. His cabiu stood southwest of the site of Mrs. Carr's house. Town of Cornwall. 419 Dr. Nathart Foot, from Watertown, Conn., made his first pitch in the ex treme east part of the town, on the verge of the swamp. The farm is not now occupied, but was afterward owned by his son Nathan, and in 1 862 and later by Maria Foot and William Turner. A few years after his arrival here he built a second log house west of the highway, and later still a framed house. He died in Charlotte in 1807. Mrs. WilUam Turner is his great-granddaugh ter. These surveys were all made iu 1 774 by Judge Gamaliel Painter, of Mid dlebury. In 1775 John Holley made his pitch on a lot east of the one now owned and occupied by B. C. Parkhill. He afterward effected an exchange with his brother Stephen, and removed to the lot now occupied by Mr. Parkhill. This lot was originally pitched by Samuel Benton, and afterward passed through the hands of Isaac Kellogg, Ashbel Cone, William Crocker, Stephen Holley, John Holley, Eli Everts, Ephraim Andrus, WilUam Slade, Rebecca Slade, Norman B. Slade, Daniel B. Kinner, Truman Eells, and Benjamin Parkhill. The same year Ebenezer Stebbins settled on the north side of the road, on the place now owned and occupied by his grandson, Loren W. Peet He was obliged to flee with his family after the recapture of Ticonderoga by Burgoyne in 1777. Early in 1775 Hon. Joel Linsley, from Woodbury, Conn., made a pitch on a tract which he occupied the remainder of his life. His first log cabin stood sixty or eighty rods east of the buUding now occupied by Charles Benedict, which he subsequently built. He was a surveyor and became a large land owner. At the organization of the town he was chosen town clerk, and after wards repeatedly elected, with the exception of two years, until his death in 18 1 8. He represented the town several years in the Legislature ; was assistant judge and afterward chief judge of the County Court His popularity was owing no less to his sociability than to his business energy and capability. The same year James Marsh Douglass, from Cornwall, Conn., pitched in the south part of the town ort a lot afterwards occupied by Elias Douglass, artd later still by Eli Stevens. He probably remained here most of the time until 1784, when he brought his family from Connecticut. He owned about five hundred acres in different lots in this vicinity, and apparently intended to have his sons settle about him. He died, however, in 1790, and the estate was di vided among his sons. John Douglass lived on the place now owned by C. and C. E. Ward ; Col onel Benajah Douglass on the place where his son N. B. Douglass now lives. N. B. Douglass and his three children, James, Maria, and Lilian, are the only descendants in town of James Marsh Douglass. What settlements and clearing of land had been effected before the inroads of the British, Tories, and Indians had begun, were almost entirely obliterated before the close of the Revolutionary War Immediately upon the declaration 420 History of Addison County. of peace in 1783, however, the fugitive settlers hastened back to their deserted and wasted farms, and began anew the buUding up of homes and communities, little dreaming of the future greatness of the nation whose foundations they were laying deep and strortg. At this time Orartge Throop settied and built a house in the northeast part of the town on the old discontinued road from Middlebury, about sixty rods south of the location of Samuel Blodget School-house No. i, according to the first division of the town into school districts in 1787, stood nearly op posite his house. Samuel Ingraham settled about sixty rods further south on the west side of the road in 1786, and Mathew Lewis located a little south west of him at the same time, but afterward removed to the northwest part of the town, where he died. Samuel Ingraham was an active soldier in the Rev olutionary War, and enjoyed the esteem and confidence of his fellow townsmen in Vermont. The next farm south of Ingraham was originally settled (probably not be fore 1784) by Ethan Andrus. By gradual accession he soon acquired prop erty amounting to more than three hundred acres. In 1808 he exchanged "two hundred and twelve acres, exclusive of highways," of this property with Darius Matthews. This farm is nearly the same as that now owned by W. H. and P. T. B. Matthews. Andrus first built a framed house about sixty rods north of the one which he afterwards put up, and which is now occupied by the Messrs. Matthews. Andrus kept a tavern here for several years. Rev. Joseph R. Andrus, the first agent of the American Colonization Society to Africa, was his son, and was born here April 3, 1791. Daniel Foot, one of the four sons of Dr. Nathan Foot, who settled in Corn wall, made a pitch for himself after the war, on the east side of the road, em bracing land now owned by Henry Lane, some distance south of the Matthews's homestead. He was a fearless, adventurous man, and bore a perilous part irt the war. He died August 24, 1848, aged eighty-nine years. Nathan Foot, jr., came to Cornwall with his father, and in addition to the latter's donation of land, purchased of him one hundred and twenty-five acres, and pitched some lots on his own account. He built and for many years kept, a tavern, on the site now occupied by Mrs. WilUam Turner. He died Novem ber 16, 1828. Abijah Foot built on the corner northeast of the tavern of Nathan, jr., and after a few years sold to Dr. Daniel Campbell. Mrs. Foot was joint tenant of this lot with Abijah. He died at Cayuga, N. Y., in 1841, and Abijah died here in 1795. The property afterwards came into the hands of Dr. Frederick Ford. Samuel Bartholomew came from Watertown, Conn., in 1786, and settled north of Abijah Foot, on the present farm of Joseph Adams. He devoted himself exclusively to the raising of fruits, but not profitirtg so highly as he ex- /y-. oOS^-^^^ ¦r,„.^,. S7 nrSl, Town of Cornwall. 421 pected, he removed to Kentucky about 1 8 1 2, where he died a few years later He was a man of social habits artd intelligent mind, but carried a spirit of inde pendence to an eccentric degree. He wrote poetry, and published one volume of nearly one hundred pages, entitled Will Wittling, or ihe Spoiled Child. Elijah Durfey settled at an early day on the west side of the road between the lands of Samuel Bartholomew and Nathan Foot, jr He was a cooper. Ehsha Hurlbut, from Canaan, Conn., first settled in the west part of the town, but afterwards purchased of Elizabeth Avery in 1786 the farm substan tially now occupied by N. Wing. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and was drowned near the "Three Mile Bridge," in Middlebury, in 1824, aged sixty-four years. Among his descendants are W. S. Hurlbut, a grandson, Mrs. Jason Jones, E. E. Jones, Henry Jones, and Mrs. Robinson. Timothy Baker settled on the farm opposite Elisha Hurlbut, which was originally surveyed to Thurman Wheeler After his death, about 1 8 1 2, his farm was old to William Hurlbut, who owned it for many years. W. S. Hurl but now lives on the same place. Thomas Pritchard, from Waterbury, Conn., purchased of Timothy Baker and Daniel Foot, in 1791, the lot next south of Elisha Hurlbut, now occupied by Miss Martha Hill. He was a blacksmith. He sold to Daniel Huntington in 1805. E. D. Pritchard is his grandson. James Lane, of Mansfield, Conn., bought in 1800 the farm now occupied by Henry Lane. He died in July of that year and was succeeded by his son Job, who remained on the place until his decease in 1 860, at the age of seventy- two years. The descendants of James Lane now in town are Henry Lane, grandson, and his son, C. H. Lane, and Rollin Lane, also grandson, and his children, C. R. and Hattie Lane. In 1787 Samuel Benton bought of Rev. Thomas Tolman all the "minis terial right, pitched and unpitched, excepting two hundred acres," and in reli ance upon this title pitched fifty acres on the north side of the road, south of the farm afterwards purchased by James Lane. In 1789 he sold to Jeremiah Rockwell. He owned more land, perhaps, than any other early settler in town. He was familiarly called "Captain," "Colonel "and "General" Benton. He left town before his death, after having become involved in expensive and vex atious litigation arising from his speculations in land. Jeremiah Rockwell settled on the Samuel Beuton farm, building his house on the west side of the road. Mrs. M. R. Porter now lives on the place. David Parkhill came in May, 1784, from Weston, Mass., artd pitched one hundred acres where his grandson, S. C. Parkhill, now lives. His first cabin stood near the site of the present buildings. He was several years in the army, was in New York on the arrival of the British, and fought at the battle of Ben ningtort. His widow afterward drew a pertsiort for his services, artd lived to the advanced age of ninety-one years. His descendartts irt town are S. C. 422 History of Addison County, Parkhill, Mrs, Frankhn Hooker, Mrs. Flora Clark and Miss Eva Hooker, and the children of the first three named. John Robbins settled on the farm just uorth of David Parkhill now occu pied by his son, Ebenezer R. Robbins, in 1 798, and remained there until his decease in 183 1, at the age of seventy-five years. Henry Robbins is his grandson. Stephen Holley settled early on the land owned by S. C. Parkhill and E. R. Robbins. He accompanied Arnold to Quebec. His early occupation was that of a carpenter He died in 1835, aged seventy-nine years. Mrs. T. B. Holley is the widow of his grandson. As early as 1785 Isaac Kellogg settled on the place now owned and occu pied by Samuel Everts, but probably did not long remain. The place has been in the hands of the Everts family for many years. The place now occupied by W. M. Easton was purchased by Nathan StoweU of Judge Linsley in 1796. StoweU came that year from Ashford, Conn., and kept a tavern on the place until his death, and was followed by John Alvord, H. StoweU (his son). Colonel Harmon Samson and others. Abial Linsley, sr, and jr., father and brother of Judge Joel Linsley, came to Cornwall soon after the War of the Revolution, and settled with the latter. His brother aided him in building a log house large enough to accommodate two families, and afterward built a house for himself on the place now occupied by R. C. Witherell. After a few years' residence in Cornwall he removed to Augusta, N. Y. His father, Abial, sr, died in Cornwall in 1800, aged seventy years. Lemuel Peet, a son-in-law of Ebenezer Stebbins, built a house at an early day near the site of the house now occupied by L. W. Peet, his grandson. The house now occupied by A. W. Frost was built by Daniel Richardson, a blacksmith and another son-in-law of Ebenezer Stebbins. Stephen Tambling early lived ort the place now occupied by C. R. Witherell, making his pitch the year after the war. Just south of him Lemuel Tambling built a house and remained there a short time. Nearly opposite Stephen Tambling Isaac Gilbert erected a house which he occupied for many years. Mrs. Luther Tilden and Mrs. Joel Linsley are his daughters. Mrs. Edgar Sanford is his great-granddaughter. William Slade came from Washington, Conn., to Clarendon, Rutlartd county, about 1780, and three or four years later removed to Coruwall artd made his pitch on the land now owned and occupied by John Towle, where he continued to reside until his death in 1826, at the age of seventy-three years. Being of vigorous and energetic nature and withal a born politician, he took an active part in the management of town affairs, and was sheriff of the county from 1 8 10 to 1 8 1 1 . He was a soldier of the Revolution, and was for a time on board the Jersey prison ship. He was a firm supporter of Madison during the War of Town of Cornwall. 423 1812. His house was the birth-place of the Rev. Henry H. Hudson, the Shakespearean critic and student. In 1783 or '84 Jesse Chipman settled on the farm now occupied by Peter Besette. In 1 804 he sold to Ethan A. Sherwood, and removed from Cornwall. James artd Nathan CampbeU settled in 1 793 on a lot embraced irt the well- known Benjamin Stevens farm, and remained there, each in a log house, until 1793. when they sold to Benjamin Stevens and removed from town. Stevens came to Cornwall from Pittsford, Vt. He suffered a cruel imprisonment of three years' duration at Quebec during the War of the Revolution. He died June 16, 181 5, aged fifty- three years. The site occupied by James Campbell was after wards the house of Dr Solomon Foot, father of Hon. Solomon Foot, and Dr. Jonathan Foot, a sketch of whose lives will be found in the chapters devoted to their respective professions. Wait Squier built on the east side of the road about sixty rods south of Stevens's house at an early day, but removed to New Haven in 1793. Op posite him Timothy Squier settled on the place now occupied by Joseph Par ker, his house standing on the high ground about sixty rods southwest of the present buildings. Further south on the west side of the road Solomon Plumb settled on the place afterwards known as the Abbott farm, now occupied by Amos Atwood. Shadrach Norton settled in 1784 on the farm now owned by Charles Ste vens. In 1787 Benjamin HaU bought of Joseph Plumb and located on the place now owned by J. M. Stevens. Three years earlier Barzillai Stickney settled on the next farm south. He was chosen constable at the organization of the town. The same year Daniel Scovel, from Cornwall, Conn., located on the farm now the home of Walter Atwood, where he died in 1 8 1 3. His brother, Ezra Scovel, settled also in 1784 on the present farm of H. S. Scovel, his grand son. David B. Woodruff made his pitch and built his cabin east of Ezra Scovel and near the swamp. In 1794 he sold to Lemuel Chapman, who lived there for some time. The place now owned and occupied by Douglass E. Searl was originally settled by Eliakim Mallory. It lies on the town line west of Mallory's farm. Elisha Field, sr, bought one hundred acres of Eldad Ad ams, and in 1783 built thereon his log house. He was born in Amherst, Mass., in 171 7, removed to Bennington in 1763, and thence to CornwaU in 1782. He died in 1 791, in his seventy-third year. Frankhn Hooker is his great-grandson. Elisha Field, jr, settled in 1790 on the farm now occupied by Mrs. L. W. Hall. He died at the age of eighty-eight years in 1852. Among his descendants are B. S. Field and O. A. Field, grandsorts, and their children, all of this town. Ebenezer Newell owned a lot north of the Field farm, which he afterwards sold irt part to Richard Miner and in part to Harvey Bell, a cloth-dresser, who re moved to Middlebury. In 1784 Captain David Nutting located on a hurtdred-acre lot, on the south line of the town, the same place now occupied by Mrs. G. W. Griswold. 424 History of Addison County. In the southwesterly part of the town, west of the settlement of James Marsh Douglass, Israel C. Joues was the first settler. He was born in Brim field, Mass., October 25, 1760, and came to CorrtwaU in 1787. He carried on this farm until his death, and for years kept a store there, being probably the first merchant in town. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and was on picket duty at Ticonderoga when the fort was surrendered to Burgoyne. He died in 1847, at the age of eighty-seven years, and the farm passed to his son, Horace Jones, and is now owned by his grandson. Champion M. Jones. The Misses Lucretia and Harriet Jones are his granddaughters. Bezaleel Richardson settled early on a fifty-acre lot afterward owned by B. F. Casey. Nathaniel Cogswell Uved for a time south of the Corners, on the east side of the road, in the southwest part of the town. Abisha Delano owned a farm on the east side of the North and South road. North of the farm occupied a few years ago by Romeo Peck was an old set tler by the name of John Ballard, who kept a store there and manufactured potash until 1 790. Then he sold to Riverus Newell, who was a blacksmith and lived where Alanson Peck now resides. Lieutenartt Benjamin Reeve, from Litchfield, Conn., built where William Atwood afterward Uved, on the place now occupied by MUton Washburn. He held a lieutenant's commission at the surrender of Burgoyne. After his death his farm passed through the hands of Erastus Reeve, Joshua Stockwell, Ben jamin F. Haskell and others. B. F. Haskell is his great-grandson. Wait Wooster early settled on the farm west of Reuben Peck, where Irving G. Wooster, his grandson, now lives. The Misses Hattie Lorraine and Alice Wooster are his granddaughters. Deacon Daniel Samson came to CorrtwaU from Lortdonderry, N. H., in 1785, and settled on a small lot north of the Reeve farm, now owned by Edgar Sanford. He was a shoemaker, and was born in Newburyport, Mass., Novem ber 10, 1758. In 1832 he went to Barre, N. Y., where he died ten years later. He was a rare example of the Christian graces. Jacob Peck located on the east side of the road north of the Reeve farm in 1786, and remained there until his death in 1837, aged eighty-four years. He was born in Farrington, Conn., in 1753. He reared a numerous and respectable family and left many descendants, some of whom still reside in town. Captain Alanson Peck, his son, occupies a part of the old homestead; M. M. Peck, Henry T. Peck and Mrs. Henry Lane and Mrs. Anna Sanford are children of Alanson. Edgar Sanford, son of the last named, has grandchildren, thus ex hibiting the remarkable co-existence of five generations. Opposite Jacob Peck an early settler named Cory Mead lived on a lot which he bought of Stephen Tambling. Farther north and on the same side of the road Reuben Bingham settled Town of Cornwall. 425 and buUt a house which long ago disappeared. He removed thence to the farm afterward occupied for a time by Hiland HaU. MerriU and Alonzo Bingham and Mrs. O. A. Field are his descendartts. Irt 1784 Benjamin Sanford came from Litchfield, Conrt., and settled on the farm adjoinirtg that of Jacob Peck on the north, the farm now occupied by Ed gar Sanford. He was born in 1756. He took a prominent part in all the offices of the town from the beginning, and several times represented CorrtwaU irt the State Legislature. Edgar Sanford, Mrs. C. E. Ellsworth and Mrs. T B. Holley are grandchUdren of Benjamin Sanford, and Mrs. Charies H. Lane is a great- granddaughter. Deacon James Parker, from Saybrook, Conn., settled in 1789 north of Ben jamirt Sanford, on the west side of the highway, the farm being now occupied by Frank Mayhew. Joshua StockweU, from Enfield, Conn., came to CornwaU about 1793 or '94, and opened a store and tavern on the southeast corner of the irttersection of the roads at West Cornwall, the place being now in the hartds of J. M. Tra cey, The place was known as "Stockwell's Corners" untU the government gave it the post-office name of West Cornwall. In company with Josiah Aus- tirt, of Shoreham, he conducted the store and carried on the manufacture of potash. Mrs. S, S. Halliday, his daughter, still lives in Cornwall, and others of his descendants are B. F. Haskell and A. S. Bingham, grandchildren, and F. H. Haskell and Roy Bingham, great-grandchildren. Dr. Oliver J. Eells oc cupied the house after Stockwell's decease. Joseph Cogswell was the first set- tier on the present farm of Franklin H. Dean. Elder Henry Green was also at one time an occupant of the farm. Mr. Dean has enlarged the farm, which now irtcludes also the place first settled and occupied by Abijah Davis, a tanner and shoemaker, who carried on his business there. East of this farm Matthew, brother of James Parker, bought of Lemuel Stickney in 1791. Still farther east on the south side of the road Stephen Abbott Tambling lived a few years in a log cabin. Some distance north of the old farm of Edwin Walker, Roswell Post, from Saybrook, Conn., made a pitch in 1783. During the war he lived in Rutland, but at the close of that struggle pushed his way at once to CornwaU. He died in 1827, at the age of seventy-four years. Benjamin Atwood located in 1786 directly south of the farm of Roswell Post, on a smaU lot sold to him by Will iam Jones. John L. and Amos Atwood are sons of Benjamin. In 1798 Sanborn Bean, a carpenter, settled on nine acres of land west of Roswell Post, which had once been a part of the Post farm. William Samson, from Lortdortderry, N. H., at a very early date pitched on the farm afterward known as the Benjamin Sherwood place, now occupied by H. E. Taylor, and buUt his first cabin near the site of the present dwelling. He had a large family, was an early deacon of the Congregational Church, and 426 History of Addison County. died in 1798, aged sixty-six years. L. J. Samson, Curtis H. Samson and Mrs. R. S. Foot are his great-grandchildren. South of William Samson and on the east side of the road, Ebenezer Squier settled and built a house which long ago disappeared. StUl farther south, in 1787, Henry Gibbs located on a lot bought probably of Barzillai Stickney. S. S. Gibbs is his grandson. In 1788 David Sperry came from Wallingford, Vt, where he had resided during the war, and settled on the farm now owned artd occupied by William Delong. He came originaUy from New Haven, Conn., and was a man of un usual ability. It was his custom, it is said, to wake his sons in the morning with the following roll-call : " Daniel and Levi, David and Lyman, Heman and Dimon, Ebenezer Peck and Harvey, tur-n out." A. H. Sperry, now a resident of Cornwall, is his great-grandson ; Daniel Sperry, son of David, lived just north of him,^ and south of Jacob Linsley, sr, while across from the latter Wait Wooster lived. On the farm owned at an early day by Alonzo L. Bingham, and now owned by Hon. Rollin J. Jones, Simeon Sanford, of Litchfield, Conn., settled, havirtg purchased from Jonah Sanford, an original proprietor. Farther north David Pratt settled in 1793 on a farm purchased from Jared Ives. Deacon Amzi Jones, from Hoosick, N. Y., bought the place of Pratt about 1799, having lived for seven years previously below the bridge across Lemon Fair. He was a son of Zebulon Jones, who settled on the farm next the cemetery, now owned by W. M. Easton. His descendants now Uving in Cornwall are Hon. Rollin J. Jones, Jason and his chUdren, E. E. and Henry Jones, and Mrs. Robinson. Jared Ives, from Cheshire, Conn., settled in 1787 on the west side of the road, north of David Pratt Enos Ives lived nearly across the road from him, John Rockwell, jr, came to Cornwall from Ridgefield, Conn., in 1784, and settled on the farm now owned and occupied by his grandson, S. S. Rockwell. He first built on the west side of the road. He graduaUy acquired an exten sive farm, which, after his death at the age of seventy-one years, September 5, 1825, become the property of his son, John Rockwell, who conveyed the farm to his son, the present owner, over a quarter of a century ago. John Rock weU, sr, followed his children to CornwaU, and lived on the place now occupied by W. C. WaUace. He died September 9, 1825, aged ninety- two years. Ezra and Isaac Mead settied in 1786 on the west side of the road, north of John RockweU. They sold to Jacob Ingraham. Nathan Jackson located on the east side of the road nearly across from Ja cob Ingraham, and followed his occupation of blacksmithing. He was a soldier 1 His descendants in town are L. W. Peet, great-grandson, and Mrs. Mariette Guernsey, grand daughter. Town of Cornwall. 427 of the Revolutiort, artd prided himself on enjoying the personal confidence of General Washington. Rufus Mead, brother of Ezra and Isaac, in 1786 bought of Abel Wright the farm now occupied by Mrs. W. W. Wright, and built, first at the base of the hill and afterward on the' present highway. Of his sons, three, Hiram, Martin L. and Charles M., were graduated from Middlebury CoUege, and an other, Rufus, was for a number of years editor of the Middlebury Register. Solomon Mead bought of Abel Wright in 1795 the farm now occupied by Azial Hamilton. From him the farm passed to Timothy Turner, Zenas Skirt- ner, and Reuben P. Bingham. Silas Mead was located farther north on the present farm of S. S. Andrus. On the farm where J. A. Foot lived, his grandfather, David Foot, from Watertown, Conn., settled at an early day. He had several sons who led prom- inertt lives in town. His descendants here now are J. A. Foot, grandson, R. A. Foot, great-grandson, and his sorts Abram and Frank. On the Wooster farm, so called, just north of the Lemon Fair bridge, Will iam Dwinell first buUt his log cabin near a spring on the east side of the road. He sold this farm to Deacon Amzi Jones, and he to Moses Wooster, who came from Virginia. He fought in the Revolution and was captured on Long Island, treated cruelly, and at a later day was confined in New York, where he was nearly starved on damaged provisions. He was the father of the Hon. Dorastus Wooster, formerly of Middlebury. The farm is now in the hands of L. H. Payne. Isaac Mead was an early settler on the farm now occupied by B. B. Rice. General Somers Gale afterwards lived on the farm. He was an influential citi zen, and commanded a detachment at Plattsburgh in 18 14. He was born in Panton in 1775 ; the family were driven to Fort Ticonderoga during the Rev olution and obliged to stay there a while after its capture. His son. Dr. Na than Gale, now resides in Orwell. Mrs. S. A. Sanford is his granddaughter, and Mrs. Charles H. Lane, a descendant one degree further removed. Simeon Powers settled on the farm now owned by Mrs. Martin Wright, and in 1779 sold it to Matthew Lewis. Samuel Smith was probably the first settler on the farm now owned by J. B, Benedict Amos Pennoyer, from Amenia, N. Y., settled about 1798 on the farm now owned artd occupied by Mrs, M. J. Ellsworth. He was a soldier of the Rev olutiort, and joined the volunteer forces irt the War of 1812. Jared Abernathy was the first settler on the farm now owned by J. W. and D. Abernathy, having bought the place in sections from Aaron Scott, Mar tha Douglass and Samuel Bertton. Cyrus Abernathy, his father, had before that purchased of Samuel Bertton the farm next south. J. W. and Ann Aber nathy are grandchildrert of Jared, South of the elder Cyrus Abernathy, in 428 History of Addison County, 1784, Dr. Frederick Ford pitched a hundred acres, and built a log house on the site afterward occupied by the dwelling of P, B. Warner. In 1795 Dr. Ford sold this estate to his brother-in-law, Moses Goodrich, and removed to a more central location. On the long since discontinued road which ran north from near the lands now owned by F. H. Dean, formerly the residence of Mrs. Sherwood, to the early home of P. B. Warner, were several settlers, among whom were Jabez Watrous, Rev. Benjamin Wooster, Abbott Tambling, and Henry Daggett; the last two named built a dam across the stream and erected a saw-mill, but soon abandoned the enterprise. Some distance west of the road, near the brook, John Gilman owrted one hundred and thirty acres, on which his grantee, Daniel Huntington, lived until 1802. Deacon Jeremiah Bingham and Merrill Bingham afterwards occupied that place. On the southern branch of a forked road, extending very early from P. B. Warner's westwardly across Beaver Brook, one division passing the dwelling of Joseph K. Sperry, artd the other reachirtg S. S. Rockwell, resided David Seymour, partly successor to Samuel Beutort. He sold to Isaac Hull in 1796. The road was discontinued more than sixty years ago. North of Jared Aber nathy, Truman Wheeler made two pitches in 1783, buUding ort the east side of the road ; while between the two Benjamin Hamlin buUt on thirteert acres of land, which he sold in 1803 to Abraham Balcom. Cornelius Butcher set tled north of Wheeler on a fifteen-acre lot, and in 1800 sold to Joseph Hamhn, who had bought a lot fifteen years previously of Samuel Benton. Still farther north John Hamlin settled on the farm afterwards owned successively by his son Ira Hamlin, and his grandson, Joseph Hamlin. The farm so long occupied by Deacon Daniel Warner was first settled by Benjamin Hamlin, who was succeeded by John Rockwell, Cone Andrus, EUsha Hurlbut, and Philip Warner, a cooper, who came here in 1806 and prosecuted his trade until his death in 1829. His descendartts in CornwaU are P. D. Warner, a grandson, and his children, R. B. Warner and Mrs. E. A. Thrall, and H. C. Warner, grandson also of Phihp. The descendants of John Hamlin are Joseph Hamlin, grand son, Mrs. T. P. D. Matthews, great-granddaughter, and Edward Matthews, her son. Levi Sperry settied in 1788 on the farm now occupied by his grandson, Albert H. Sperry, and received the farm as a gift from his father, David Sperry. In 1783 Thomas Hall pitched several hundred acres, includirtg the presertt farm of William Wright His son David settied southwest from his dwelling. He sold fifty acres of his land in 1791 to Nathan Ingraham, afterwards owned by Pitts Ingraham. Elisha Huribut bought a lot of Hall in 1795, and in 1798 sold to John Boynton. William Wright is a grandson of Pitts Ingraham, Mrs. J. K. Wright being a daughter; S. C. Parkhill and Mrs. H. J. Manchester are also his grandchUdren. South of Thomas HaU's, on the road to West Corn- Town of Cornwall. 429 waU, on land now owned by H. F. Dean, the earliest settler was Jeremiah Bingham, jr., a nephew of Deacon Bingham. He was a soldier of the Revo lution. In 1793 he sold to Deacon Jeremiah Bingham. Hon. Hiland Hall, nephew of Thomas, above named, came from Benning ton to CornwaU in the winter of 1783-84. He was kinsmart to the late ex- governor, his namesake. He was born at Guilford, Court., and removed early to Norfolk; served about three years as orderly sergeant artd commissary. He died while on a visit to his father at Norfolk in 1789. He was the first treasurer of CorrtwaU in 1784, and first representative in the General Assembly in 1786. At the organization of Addison county he was appointed one of the judges of the County Court. He settled where Merrill Bingham now lives, having made his purchase of Thomas Hall and Erastus Hatheway. After his death the property passed into the hands of Aaron Delong, who sold to Rob ert Bingham. He remained on the farm all the remaining years of his long life. The rest of the land of Erastus Hatheway came into the possession of Aaron Delong in 1800, who was a prominent man in the early days of the town. His farm is also included in the land now owned by Merrill Bingham. Deacon Jeremiah Bingham, who has already been mentioned, was one of the original members of the Congregational Church, and was chosen one of the first deacons. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and took an active part in the battle of Benrtington, and was connected with the quartermaster's depart ment of the garrison at Ticonderoga before the surrender of the fort to Bur goyne. He was a man of indomitable energy and unusual intelligence, a thor ough student of the Scriptures, and a conscientious believer in the truths thereiu irtculcated. He frequently wrote poetry for his own edification. He died at the age of ninety-four years. Town Organization, etc. — The town was organized on the 2d of March, 1784, by the election of the following officers : Moderator, Jeremiah Bingham; town clerk, Joel Linsley; selectmen, Samuel Benton, Jeremiah Bingham, El dad Andrus ; treasurer, Hiland Hall ; constable, Barzillai Stickney ; listers, Nathan Foot, Roswell Post; highway surveyors, Eldad Andrus, Stephen Tam bling, William Jones, Isaac Kellogg. Other officers were from year to year added to the list, such as deer-rifts or reeves, whose duty it was to protect deer from the hunter from the loth of January to the loth of June, when their meat would be of no value; branders of horses, tithingmen, choristers, pound-keepers, etc. Concerning the setting off to Middlebury of a portion of CornwaU in 1796, further particulars will be found in the chapter on the history of Middlebury. The early settlers of Cornwall were, almost without exception, men who were inchned by nature to pursuits purely agricultural. The fact of their settling in a town so fertile of soil and poor in water power and shipping facil ities sufficiently attests that they hoped to gain a livelihood and more from the 28 430 History of Addison County. tilling of the ground. Communities of men are governed as absolutely by the beneficent and yet inflexible laws of nature's God as are the inanimate and the inorganic elements of creation. Houses must be built and repaired; boots, shoes and harnesses must be used ; horses must be shod, and cloth must be woven artd made into garments ; consequently carpenters and coopers, shoe makers and tanners, harness- makers and clothiers and blacksmiths are found among the early settlers of Cornwall, distributed in accordance with the con venience of their patrons. The following list of mechanics is taken from the invaluable History of Cornwall, by Rev. Lyman Matthews: Before 1800 — clothier, Harvey Bell ; tanners and shoemakers, Abijah Davis, Felix Benton, Elisha Field, Stephen Black, Jeremiah RockweU; shoemakers, Samuel Peck, Thomas Landon, William Jones, Dartiel Samson ; cooper and manufacturer of fan-mills, Samuel Ingraham ; cooper, Elijah Durfee ; joiners, Asahel Phelps, EUzur Newell, Jacob Peck, Thomas Pritchard, Davis & Squier, Daniel Rich ardson, Ambrose Judd, James Walker ; saddler and harness-maker, Abiel Rogers ; spinning-wheels, Calvin and Luther Tilden ; carpenters and joiners, Sanborn Bean, John Mazuzan, Reuben Peck, Cone Andrus. Between 1800 and i860 the following mechanics carried on their respective trades, for a longer or shorter period, in town : Blacksmiths, William Hamilton, Edward Hamilton, William Peck, Shubael Ripley, Stephen HolUday, George Walker; tanrters and shoemakers, Asa Bond, Julius Delong, Joseph Myers, Mark W. Mazuzan, Daniel Ford, Daniel Vale and Taylor ; wheelwrights, William Hamilton, Waterman Sunderland, David Clark ; coopers, Jonathan Perry, Philip Warner ; tailors, Brown, H. E. Rust ; carpenters and join ers, Salmon North, Matthew Wallace, Nathaniel WaUace, Martirt Hopkins, Elijah Foot, Calvin Foot, Isaac Miner, Ebenezer Miner, Luther Balcom, George Balcom, Horace A. Pinney, WUliam Baxter, James Piper, P, N, Cobb, E. C. Crane ; spinning-wheels, Benjamin Atwood. The scanty water power afforded by the sluggish Lemon Fair and the other " thurtder shower " streams irt town has deterred manufacturers from attempting to build mills of much magnitude. A dam once constructed on land now owned by C. R. Witherell was soon abandoned. A saw-mill was also built at an early day on land formerly owned by Garrison W. Foot, now belonging to A. H. Sperry, and Jared Abernathy and Levi Sperry, with both interested in opening it. About fifty rods below this mill David Pratt built and operated a grist-mill ; Levi Sperry also ran it for a time. The only other miU ever built in town was on the brook near the residence of Asa Bond in i860. Luther Tilden here buUt a saw-mUl and operated also a carding- machine for a short time after 18 16 or 18 17. It frequently changed owners artd has never been a pronounced success. The first merchants in town were Mr. Ballard and Israel C, Jortes. Joshua StockweU, Josiah Austin, Daniel Campbell, Hosea Brooks, Israel C. Mead, <^ - :, % 1.3 Sails S-.. m^jjln^: Town of Cornwall. 431 Samuel Everts, WiUiam H. Remsen, P. W. Collins, Benjamin F. Haskell, Cal vin M. Lewis, Ira Bingham, A. C. Wicker, Daniel Sanford, Joel S. Lane, Syl vester B. RockweU, and the Cornwall Mercantile Company have carried on business at different periods since the beginning of the century. The only store now in town is kept by Fred S. HaskeU. The building is owned by his father, Benjamin F. Haskell, grandson of Joshua Stockwell, who built the rear part before 1820 and kept here for a time in company with Daniel Sanford. B. F. Haskell, sr., followed them about 1825 and traded here for forty years, selling out to Hugh G. Bingham. About 1853 B. F. HaskeU, sr., moved the building back and erected the front part as it now stands. Then he and B. F., jr., traded in company for about five years. After Hugh Bingham followed Kirk Bingham, Orren Dalrymple, Harvey Taylor, B. F. Wales, and others. Fred S. Haskell began business here in September, 1878, The most prominent industry in town, and one for which her people are most widely known, is the raising of sheep. Immediately after the importation of Merino sheep from Spain, by Colonel Humphrey, of Connecticut, and later by Consul Jarvis, of Wethersfield, Vt, some of the farmers of Cornwall pro cured some of the variety for the purpose of improving their flocks. Merrill and A. L. Bingham have been among the foremost of breeders. They began importing French Merinos about 1846. Hon. Rollin J. Jones, who contributes a valuable portion of our general chapter on sheep raising in the county, has been and still is one of the most prominent breeders and dealers in town, Sylvester B. Rockwell being for some time in company with him in intro ducing the French Merino in the West M. B. Williamson, H. F. Dean, RoUin Lane, Henry Lane, J. B. and Ira Hamhn, Henry Robbins, C. H. James, John Towle, Arthur Field, B. S. Field, L. W. Peet, W. H. and T. P, D. Matthews, Edgar Sanford and H. E. Sanford are also at present engaged in the industry. Early Roads, etc. — One of the earliest and most imperative necessities of the early settlers was the construction of roads and bridges. As in nearly all the towns, a greater number of roads were surveyed than were ever opened, and more were opened than have been continued ; so that a thorough acquaint ance with the highways as they lead at present throws little light upon their ramifications of a hundred years ago. The main north and south road from Whiting to Weybridge was laid before 1778, nearly as it now runs. A vote was passed in June, 1786, to build a road from between John HoUey's and Isaac KeUogg's east through the swamp to Theophilus Allen's. On account, however, of the expense and labor of con structing it the work was delayed many years. It was then prosecuted so slowly that not until 1825, and under the pressure of the necessity of Sahsbury, Ripton and East Middlebury for direct communication with the lake, was the highway opened for travel. Some time before 1 8 1 5 the Middlebury Turnpike Company, so called, which 432 History of Addison County. proposed to extend the Hubbardton Tarnpike to Middlebury, offered Cornwall the free use of the road provided the inhabitants would work out one-half of their annual tax upon it. Though the offer was accepted the road was never constructed. Oh the I2th of October, 1784, it was " voted that the uorth and south roads be six rods wide, and the east and west road, or highway, be five rods wide." The mairt north and south road, ordered surveyed at this meeting, was laid three rods each way from the lirte surveyed. In 1795 the town decided to make the width of the roads discretionary with the selectmen, in the exercise of which discretion they have considerably narrowed the roads. Before the setting off of a portion of Cornwall to Middlebury, this town was responsible with Middlebury for all the bridges which it was necessary to build over the creek between the towns. Since its release from the expense of sharing in the maintenance of these bridges, the town has had occasion to make appropria tions worth speaking of for only two bridges, viz., that across the Fair and the one across Beaver Brook near the old saw-mill. In December, 1785, an appro priation was made " to build a bridge over Lemon Fair, to be paid by the first day of April next, in wheat or work, wheat at 5 s per bushel and work at 3 s and 6d per day, finding themselves." Though this vote was reconsidered, the rec ords do not disclose the sequel. On the list of 1799 a tax was imposed of two cents on the dollar, " to be paid in cattle by the first of October rtext, and if it is not paid by that time, to be paid in wheat or corn by the first day of January next, for the purpose of building Lemon Fair Bridge, and other town charges." In this manner the bridges were kept passable, being rebuilt in 1823 and again in 1855. The bridge over Beaver Brook, before mentioned, was rebuUt in 1861 at an expense of one thousand dollars. Professional Interests. — Many of the lawyers and physicians who have prac ticed in Cornwall in times past will receive more particular mention in general chapters devoted to their respective professions. Among the former Martin Post stands alone ; while representatives of the latter profession are numerous, viz., Drs. Nathan Foot, Frederick Ford, sr, Frederick Ford, jr., Solomon Foot, Abraham Fleming, Horace Brooks, Rodolphus Field, Oliver J. Eells, R. C. Green, C. B. Currier, Thomas Porter Matthews, Marcus O. Porter and Darius Matthews.i The physicians now living in town are Drs. E. O. Potter, a sketch of whom appears in the history of Middlebury, and Dr George W. Bond. He was borrt in Crown Point, N. Y., on the loth of April, 1853, was graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Cleveland, O., in 1883 ; practiced one year 1 Descendants of Dr. Matthews now living in town still occupy the old farm, namely, W. H., T, P. D., and Abbie P. Matthews, grandchildren. From them the writer has obtained most of the infor mation for this chapter, as well as from the valuable history written by their father, Rev. Lyman Mat thews. Town of Cornwall. 433 in Keeseville, N. Y., and a few mortths'in Champlain, N. Y., and came here irt Jartuary, 1885. The Post-office. — A post-office was uot established irt Cornwall until about 1824, when Chauncey H. StoweU was appointed. In 1833 he was succeeded by Samuel Everts, who held the office twelve years. Chauncey H. StoweU was then reappointed. His successors have been Charles MerriU, Rev. G. W. Noyes, Calvin H. Lewis, Loyal L. Wright, and Samuel Everts, the present in- cumbertt Some time before i860 an office was estabUshed at West CornwaU, by the appointment of Benjamin F. HaskeU. His successor was Mr. Hamilton. Mrs. M. A. HamUton succeeded on the death of her husband in June, i860, and still retains the position. The foUowing are the officers elected at the March meeting for 1885 : Town clerk, C. H. Lane; selectmen, P. N. Cobb, E. D. Searie, A. S. Bingham ; Usters, C, H. James, N. B. Douglass, R, A. Foot ; constable and coUector, A. W. Frost ; second constable, H. E. Taylor ; treasurer, W. H. Bingham ; overseer of the poor, R. A. Foot ; superintendent of schools, T, P. D. Matthews ; auditors, L. W. Peet and Frank Warner ; inspector of wood and shingles, P. N. Cobb ; agent to prosecute and defend suits, C. G. Lane ; representative, H. F. Dean ; town grand jurors, W. H. De Long, C. C. Ward, W. H. Matthews. Military History — Relative to the action of the inhabitants of Cornwall in the War of 1 8 1 2, Mr. Matthews wrote as follows : " When our territory was invaded or threatened with invasion, party strifes sunk out of view, and citizens arranged themselves around their country's standard, and stood shoulder to shoulder, the united opponents of a common foe. When in the spring of 18 14 the alarm was sounded that the British forces on the lake were intending to destroy the vessels which afterward constituted McDonough's fleet, then building at Vergennes, the citizens, as if moved by an electric spark, shouldered their muskets and flew to the rescue, desirous only of knowing how they might best repel the invader. And when, in the following autumn, the alarm again rang along our hills and through our valleys, that a British army was marching upon Plattsburgh, the call to arms met a hearty response from every bosom. Men dropped their imple ments of labor, seized the weapons of war and set forward to the field of strife. " The following incidents have been kindly furnished by Major Orin Field, who personally shared the fatigues and perils of the march : "'In September, 1814, Plattsburgh, N. Y., was invaded by the British army, 14,000 strong. The alarm was sounded through our valleys, and our miUtia soon responded to the call. Mert left their work and took their guns, not waiting for extra fixings, and in parties, from six to a dozen, were soon on their way to the scene of conflict " ' On arriving at Buriington, most of the volunteers from Cornwall embod- 434 History of Addison County. led themselves in a company commanded by Captain E. B. Hill, while others joined him after reaching Plattsburgh. The night of the loth of September we encamped three miles south of the fort. Early on the morning of the I Ith we were aroused by the booming of cannon in the distance, when it was soon ascertained that the two fleets were engaged. The volunteers, some 1,500 in number, were commanded by General Samuel Strong, of Vergennes ; Colonel Lyman, of Charlotte ; Colonel Hastings Warren, of Middlebury ; Major Somers Gale, of Cornwall, and were soon marching down on the west bank of Lake Champlairt. Irt a short time we came in sight of the two fleets, and we could see the water fly as the balls sped on through the waves. As we neared the fort the column filed to the left and entered an open forest, where a lumber road was traceable. " ' At this point we soon saw the air filled with shot and shell, some burst ing over our heads, knocking down one of our men, who was soon up and in his place again — our destination being the upper crossing of the Saranac. Just before reaching the river we encountered a body of some four hundred of the enemy, who saluted us with several shots or rounds, when they showed us their backs.' "The following Ust of the volunteers who were in service at Plattsburgh is gathered from those who were of the number, many of whom still survive and are' residents among us. The company from Cornwall, commanded by Captain E. B. HiU, consisted of those who were enrolled and liable to do duty in his company, together with several others who joined him on the way and after arriving at Plattsburgh. The list is as follows : "Edmund B. Hill, captain ; Wm. Hamilton, Erastus Reeve, heutenants; Ezra Mead, ensign ; Daniel Sanford, orderly ; Hosea Brooks, acting surgeon ; Elijah Foot, Josiah Pond, Rufus Mead, sergeants ; Ozias Sanford, corporal. Privates : Roger Avery, John Avery, Daniel Avery, Abiram Avery, Ethan Andrus, E. B. Baxter, Felix Benton, Elijah Benton, Noah L. Benton, Asahel Bingham, Abel Benedict, WiUiam Cook, Austin Dana, Chester Fenn, Isaac L. Fisher, Elihu Grant, Truman C. Gibbs, Henry Green, Joel Harrington, Ami Harrington, Ira Harrington, Harry Hill, Wm. Hurlbut, Enos Hamlin, Reuben Gillett, Henry Kirkum, John McNeal, Israel McNeal, Ephraim Pratt, Amos Pennoyer, Russel Richards, Samuel Richards, Daniel Wright, Zadoc B. Rob bins, Ransom Robinson, Jonah Sanford, John Sanford, Moses Wooster, Mars ton Sherwood, Elijah Durfey, Jesse Ellsworth, Lewis W. EUsworth, Orin Field, Russel Foot, Jesse Keeler, Gilbert Linsly, Wm. Lane, Helon Mead,Paul Moore, Ezekiel Scovel, Nathaniel Sherwood, Ira Wentworth, Warren Wheeler ; Will iam Slade, baggage master ; Job Lane, Benjamin Atwood, Ezra Scovel, Luther G. Bingham, teamsters." When the peace of the town was again disturbed, and the call to arms for the defense of the government was heard, the people responded with the same Town of Cornwall. 435 patriotism that distinguished Vermonters in all parts of the State. The follow ing list shows the names of those who enlisted in the last war in Vermont or- ganizatiorts. Volurtteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : D. H. AUex, W. H. Austin, A. K. Bariow, N. Baxter, J. Castie, C. Clair, E. Clair, O. Clair, L. DarUng, J. Donnelly, L. S. Evarts, J. E. Fenton, E. Frost, D. Goulette, G. Greenleaf, D. Hickey, G. Hodges, F. S. Holley, T. J. Larte, J. J. Martny, E. Mayo, M. Nero, T. D. Peck, E. O. Porter, A. H. Potter, P. G. Potter, O. E. Ross, B. Rider, H. R. Sampson, O. Sanford, I. Searles, W. Shorker, M. W. Smith, C. E. Stearns, I. J. Stearns, J. Stott, E. S. StoweU, A. Youtt, C. E. Youtt. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volurtteers, and subse quent calls : Volunteers for three years. — P. Bear, D. C. Bent, J. Bodoin, J. A. Barrows, L. Goulette, J. C. Hawkins, L. Lavake, A. Mahan, S. Mahan, G. M'Cue, W. D. Watson, A. P. Youtt, C. Youtt Volunteers for one year. — B. Brooks, M. Smith. Volunteers re-enlisted. — A. K. Barlow, H. Currier, J. Castle, P. Fox, M. Nero, C. E. Stearns, J. St. Marie, J. Stott, J. R. Rice, A. B. WUson. Enlisted men who furnished substitute. — O. A. Field, R. Lane. Not credited by name. — Two men. Volunteers for nine months. — C. Beaudoin, H. W. Bingham, J. Demar, M. S. Keeler, N. S. Lewis, A. Mahan, S. Mahan, H. Mora, L. D. Moody, H. T. Peck, R. R. Peck, A. S. Pinney, H. S. Sheldon, A. B. Simonds, H. D. Wheelock, J. M. Wooster, W. J. Wright Furnished under draft — Paid commutation, H. J. Manchester, W. H. Mat thews, L. C. Mead, S. E. ParkiU, M. M. Peck, G. Pratt, C. H. Rust Procured substitute, C. B. Currier, G. E. Dana, M. B. WUliamson, I. G. Wooster. ecclesiastical. The Congregational Church of Cornwall, the first religious organizatiort in Cornwall, was formed on the 15th of July, 1785, with the following members: Jared Abernathy, Stephen Tambling, James Marsh Douglass, Jeremiah Bing ham, Roswell Post, Daniel Sampson, Mary Chipman, and Ehzabeth Ives, and during the few weeks following August 21 Jesse Chipman, Mrs. Post, Mrs. Tamblirtg, Nathartiel Cogswell and wife, Joel Linsley, Ethan Andrus, Isaac Kellogg, Hiland Hall, and Mrs. Ives were added to the number. On the 20th of July, 1787, a call was extended to the Rev. Thomas Tol man, and accepted on the 30th of August Being the first pastor, he received as his right the lot of land set apart by the charter for the first settled minis ter, and irt addition received from the town "a settlement'' The first deacons 436 History of Addison County. were Jeremiah Bingham, Hiland HaU, and Father WUUam Samson. The first meetings were held in Captain Benton's barn; afterward at his house and the house of Joel Linsley. The first house of worship stood west of the highway on which the old red school-house formerly stood. It was completed, proba bly in the spring of 1791, and first occupied in the following autumn. Mr. Tolmart was dismissed at his owrt request on the nth of November, 1790. In 1796 the place of worship was changed by vote to nearly the present site of the church edifice. The second pastor, Rev. Benjamin Wooster, was ordained February 22, 1797. He was dismissed in January, 1802. Notwith standing the action of the town in referertce to the site of the new meeting house, the buUding was not commenced until 1803. Rev. Jedediah Bushnell was instaUed on the 25 th of May, 1803. His successor. Rev Lamson Miner, served from November, 1836, until January 16, 1839. Rev. Jacob Scales was installed July 3, 1839, and was dismissed June 16, 1842. Rev. Seagrove W. MagiU was pastor from July 10, 1844, to the autumn of 1847. In 1846 the church building was entirely rebuilt and renovated at an expense of about $650. The present pastor of this church is Rev. M. C. Stebbins. The first stated Baptist preaching in Cornwall was by Elder Ephraim Saw yer, who began in 1792. The first church edifice was a log house a few rods north of the ridge near the cemetery. Elder Sawyer remained here until 1801. Measures looking to the erection of a new meeting-house were adopted in 1 805 and early in 1807 the building was completed. From 1809 until 1824 Elder Henry Green filled the pastorate. The present pastor is Rev. Mr. Palmer, of Middlebury. Siuce the spring of 1855 there have been intermittent attempts to build up a church of the Methodist persuasion, but the number of persons here are too limited to support a church regularly. The following figures indicate the variation from one decade of years to another of the population of Cornwall since the taking of the first U. S. census: 1791, 826; 1800, 1,163; 1810, 1,270; 1820, 1,120; 1830, 1,264; 1840, 1,163; 1850, 1,155; i860, 977; 1870, 969; 1880, 1,070. CHAPTER XX. HISTORY OF THB TOWN OF FERRISBURGH. FERRISBURGH is the most northeasterly town in the couuty, artd is bounded on the north by Chariotte in Chittenden county; east by Monk- ton and New Haven ; south by New Haven, Waltham, Vergenrtes and Pan- ton, and west by Lake Champlain. On the 24th of June, 1762, it was granted by New Hampshire to Daniel Merrill and sixty-six others in seventy shares. Town of Ferrisburgh. 437 and contairted, according to charter, 24,600 acres. On the 23d of October, 1788, about one square mile of its territory went toward the formation of Ver gennes, Except in the northeastern part, which is quite hilly, the surface is level, and even low along some of the streams, while the soU is various in character, from a heavy clay to a rich mould, and aU kinds productive of abundant crops. Upon the uplands the timber is chiefly maple, beech, bass- wood and butternut, and on the level and low lands pine and cedar, inter spersed with oak, walnut, etc. The line of the lake shore is very sinuous, and indented with bays, some of which constitute the best natural harbors on the lake. Otter Creek is nav igable to Vergennes, a distance of eight miles, and but for the falls there and at Middlebury could be navigated by the smaller craft as far as Sutherland Falls. The drainage of the town consists of Otter Creek, which enters from Vergennes, flows in a northeasterly course, and is discharged into the lake near the center of the west line of the town ; Little Otter Creek, which enters from Monkton, near the south line of the town, and flows northeasterly into the lake about three miles north of the mouth of the Otter ; Dead Creek, which enters from Panton, in the western part of the town, and flows north into Ot ter Creek ; and their small tributaries. The western and central parts of the town cover an immense bed of Chazy and Black River Limestone, which affords excellent quarries for building purposes, and material for a good quality of lime. East of this the rocks are disposed in rtarrow ledges extending entirely across the town from north to south in the following order: Trenton lime stone, Utica slate, Hudson River slate, and red sandrock. In the northeast part of the town is found an exceUent quality of black marble which has been worked to some extent. " Before the middle of the last century the Freuch king had granted large tracts on Lake Champlain to several of his subjects, and, according to an old French map of 1748, what is now Ferrisburgh was partly or wholly included in the seigniory of Mons. Contrecceur fils. In 1772, after the conquest of the French possessions in America, the grantees under the French crown peti tioned that their claims might be confirmed by the Enghsh government, but as the seigniory of Contrecceur had been reunited to the crown lands of France because of the failure of the grantors to fulfill the conditions of their deed, their claim was invalidated. In the ' Ordinance of the governor of New France, reuniting to His Majesty's Domain all seigneuries uot improved,' mert- tion is made of a ' remonstrance of Seiurs de Contrecceur, in which they set forth that they have done everything to settle their grants ; that it was impos sible to find individuals willing to accept lands, though they had offered them some on very advantageous terms, and were willing to give even 300 livres to engage the said individuals That they intend to do all in their power to find persons to settle said seigneuries, and they hope to succeed therein ; requesting us to grant them a delay on the offers which they make to 438 History of Addison County. conform themselves herein to His Majesty's interttions.' Hence it appears that there were no early French settlers in what afterwards became Ferrisburgh. " In an English map of later date a part of Ferrisburgh is within the limits of military grants to Captain Williams and Lieutenant Cuyler, but there is no evidence that there were any settlers under these grants. "^ The settlement of that part of the original town of Ferrisburgh which now forms a part of the city of Vergennes, beginrting in 1769, will be found irt the history of Vergennes herein. The year following the issue of the charter (1763) Benjamin and David Ferris, surveyors for the proprietors, came on, surveyed the township, and di vided it into lots. The proceedings of the proprietors, subsequent to this date, cannot be ascertained, as their records were destroyed by fire on the 3d of Oc tober, 1785, while in the possession of Timothy Rogers, proprietors' clerk. Let Mr. Rogers tell the story himself: A Copy of the Accouitt of Timothy Rogers having his Ritings Bornt. Know all men by these presens that yesterday which was the sekont day of the 10 month I timothy Rogers of ferrisburgh was a moving from Botin bay in ferrisburgh to letill orter crik forls and as I went by wartor I did not git up the Bay till about mid nite and my wife and five childorn and one woman peggy smith by name and one child was all in an open bote and it was a dark rany time we landid about a quarter of a mild from the hous som of the hands went up and got tir when they got down agane the fire was so rand out we cindild some fir by the side of a tree To lite barks that the famaly mite se a litill to walk up to the house for my wife was sik I led her by the hand this morning Being the 3d day of the 10 m 1785 about son rise one of my men carae and told me the tree by which the fir was kindled was bornt down and bornt up a large chist of droys that was packd as full it cold be off cloths and Ritings of grate iraportuns I sepose I had about forty deads for about Six Thousand acors of land som on Record and som not notes and bonds for about two thousand dolarsand all the proprietors Records of ferrisburgh som other gods was bornt with all the cloths only what we had on these whoughs names who air here sind ar setain witnesis to the same for they helped me move and seen the fire of the same this 3d of the 10 m 1785 likewise they sen the heaps of Riting in their proper shaps bornt to ashes. Silas Bingham Timothy Rogers amos Catlin Zimry hill Stephen Ryce jun At the foot of the page is written " go to tother leaf forard page 21." On the page referred to the foUowing is recorded, viz. : Rutland county s wallingford Janary ye 28th A.D. 1786 personly aperd Timothy Rogers and gave his Afformation to the truth of the within writting depsition to before me Abarham Jacktion just of peas adorson county Ferrisburgh September the 24 day 1791 this sartafys that timothy Rogers being cold upon by the request of the select men of ferrisburgh to giv acounpt of the propri etors Records and said timothy perd with the foregoing to show that said Records was de stroyed in October 1785 Abil tomson asistant judg the abov being don asapers was thought best for me to Record the same therefore was Re corded in proprietors Book page 21 the 30 of the 9 m 1791 By me Timothy Rogers proprietors Clark. 1 From historical sketch by R. E. Robinson, in Vermont Historical Magazine. Town of Ferrisburgh. 439 R. E. Robirtsort, in his sketch of Ferrisburgh, published in the Vermont Historical Magazine, said concerning the early settlement of the town : The first settlement within the present limits of Ferrisburgh (for the events just related occurred in that part of Ferrisburgh which is now Vergennes) was begun by Charles Tupper, who came from Pittsfield, Mass., just before the Revolution, and commenced improvements near where J. Burroughs now lives ; but upon the breaking out of the war he returned to Pittsfield, joined the American army, and was killed in battle. One Ferris began a settlement near Basin Harbor about the same time, which he also abandoned at the com mencement of the war. Mrs. Betsey Gage, an old lady nearly eighty-one, says that her father, Zuriel Tupper, a brother of Charles Tupper, was the first settler in Ferrisburgh after the close of the Revolution. He came in the autumn of 1783, and in March, 1784, brought his wife and three children to Ferrisburgh. During his previous visit he had buUt a bark shanty for their accommodation, and this they occu pied until the completion of their log house. Mrs. Gage, who was then five years old, says that she well remembers seeing the sun shining down through the roof of their primitive abode. At the same time Mr. Tupper had prepared a small plot of ground and sowed some apple seeds, and to him belongs the honor of raising the first apples from the seed in town. Mrs. Gage's mother was five and one-half months in her new home without seeing another woman ; then Abel Thompson and family came, and soon after three others — Tupper's brother Absalom, Nathan Walker, Isaac Gage — and others came. During the Revolution, as already indicated, all those who had come to Ferrisburgh felt constrained to depart, though others had the hardihood, if so it may be caUed, to settle here before the cessation of hostUities, as foUows : Ananias Rogers, Uriah Crittenden and Judge Thompson in 1778; Abraham Rogers and James Saxton in 1779; Noah Porter, Joseph Burroughs and Tim othy Dakins in 1780, and Joshua Barnes in 1781. Zuriel Tupper came in 1783, Theophilus Middlebrook in 1784. By this time settiement had made consid erable progress, and new arrivals were so frequent as to attract far less notice than formerly. On the heels of the declaration of peace, and before the open ing of the nineteenth century, came CorneUus Hurlbut, Benjamin Carpenter, Thomas Robertson, Ashbel Fuller, Asa Carpenter, Obadiah Walker, Samuel Tupper, Wing Rogers, Nathaniel Austin, John Huff, Ira Tupper, Absalom Tupper, Simeon MiUer, George Gage, Solomon and WUliam KeUogg, Sylves ter Jaquesways, Benjamin Ferris, Solomon Dimick, Stephen Fish, Abner and Stephen Perry, John Frazier, William Beard, WiUiam Walker, J. Hines and Archibald Collins. In school district No. 6 were Joseph Burroughs, Anthony, Stephen, Benjamin and George Field, Theophilus Middlebrook, Benjamin Fer ris, Asa Carpenter, Joseph, Benjamin, Joshua aud Lewis Barnes, Solomon Dim ick, Elnathan B. Beers and Jonathan Keeler. 440 History of Addison County. The first person born in town was Eunice Webster, March 22, 1773. The first public house in towrt was that of Zuriel Tupper ; the house just east of the raUroad station at Ferrisburgh village, knowrt as the " old Frazier house," was the first framed house built in town, and was long known as the Blue House. The following facts have beert ascertained concerrting the early settiers, with the assistance chiefly of R. E. Robinson, before quoted : Abel Thompson came to Ferrisburgh in 1778, and settied on the farm now occupied by D. M. Tappan. He afterward held many offices of trust, was the first justice of the peace and first representative. He built the first house on this farm, and afterward sold to Daniel, son of John Marsh. On a hUl not far from the dweUing of M. Tappan is a marble slab bearing the foUowing inscrip tion : "Abel Thompson, born in 1741, died in 1808; settled in Ferrisburgh, 1778." As early as whert the city of Vergertrtes corttained but three houses, John Field located on the place now occupied by George W. KeUogg, erected a log house in 1780, and not long after replaced it with a block-house. He had fourteen children. He died November 19, 1827, irt the sixty-secortd year of his age; his wife Frances died March 13, 1843, in the seventy-seventh year of her age. Timothy Hatch, from New Hampshire, was one of the early settlers in the west part of the town. He had a family of eight chUdrert. He died in the War of 181 2, and in that struggle his eldest son, Martin, was wounded. John Marsh came to Ferrisburgh at an early date and settled in the vicin ity of Marsh Hill. His son Daniel two years later located on the same place formerly settled by Abel Thompson. Archibald Collins, born in 1764, irt Guilford, Court., married Rhoda Bates in 1787, and soon after settled in the east part of Ferrisburgh, on a farm still in the hands of his descendants. He died irt 1842. He was the father of eleven children, of whom Elias D. Collins, sr., is the only one remaining in towrt. Archibald Collins was a tanner and shoemaker. WiUiam Webster settled early in the southwest part of the town, near But ton Bay, where George C. Spencer now lives. His father was captured by the British at Arnold's Bay, in Panton, and taken to Canada, whence he never returned. The vicinity of Basin Harbor was first settled, before the Revolution, by Piatt Rogers, who came from Dutchess county, N. Y, Here he was joined by Jared Pond, whose grave is still to be seen on the farm now owned by the Winans estate. According to the inscription on his stone, he died in 18 17. Piatt Rogers brought with him a female slave named MiUie, who was followed by another slave, her lover. He agreed with Mr. Rogers that after a certain period of labor he and his affianced should be set free. In pursuance of this .^4i^^ ^ OUae/^ Town of Ferrisburgh. 44i agreement they were freed, and married, afterward livirtg happily for years in a house buUt for them by Mr Rogers, on the place still known as " Negro Orchard." James I. Winans, after fulfilUng an agreement with the government for the survey of Northern New York, settled at Basin Harbor with his brother They were ship-carpenters, and built the first steamboat that ever plowed the waters of Lake Champlain. It was commanded by James I. Winans. The widow of Martin Winans, son of James I., now occupies the old homestead. Stephen Beach, from Connecticut, settled on the farm now owned by his son, Allen P. Beach. He had a family of nine sons, two of whom died in infancy, after which not another death occurred in the family for sixty-two years. Stephen Beach died in 1859, aged eighty-two years. It was on this farm that the family of John Field removed their goods at the time of the battle of Fort Cassin. James Blakely, from Essex county, N. Y., first cleared the farm now owned by David Brydia, and built the first house and barn thereon. Obadiah AUen, a blacksmith, was the first settler on the farm of Putnam AUen, which has never left the possession of the family. The present stone house replaced in 1835 the old block-house built there more than a hundred years ago. Nathan Walker settled in 1 790 on the farm now owned and occupied by his great-grandson, J. O. Walker, the farm having ever remained in the family. Nathan died October 19, 1823. His son Obadiah was born November 2, 1770, and died January 13, 1813. Zurell, son of Obadiah, was borrt May 27, 1801, artd died January 13, 1873. He represented the town in 1832, '33 and '34, was State senator in 1848 and 1849, justice ofthe peace twenty-five years, and towrt clerk thirteert years. Joseph Rogers, from Danby, Vt., settled on the farm now occupied by Mrs. Susan N. Rogers. He was a Quaker. In 181 1 he moved and repaired the house stUl standing on the place, which was originally built near its present site by Timothy Rogers ; though if the shade of the departed Timothy were now to view his lasting handiwork on earth, he would scarcely recognize this house, which has suffered the changes of time and improvement Henry Rogers, son of Joseph, was born in 1804, and died in 1875, having passed aU his life but two years on this homestead, and having borne a prominent and active part in the affairs of the town. His widow, Susan N., and daughter, Phebe H., now occupy the farm. Benjamin Carpenter, from Shaftsbury, located on the farm now owned by Daniel B. CoUins. He had three children. He was Uving in Shaftsbury at the time of the difficulties between Ethan Allen and the " Yorkers," and left for Brandon, where he stayed until the trouble was over Luther Carpenter, his son, now Uving here, was born in town on the 25th of March, 1795, ort the 442 History of Addison County. farm now occupied by his nephew, Oren Carpenter. His sister Lucy, born May 19, 1804, the widow of Wheelock Thompson, now lives with her niece, Lucy Day, in Addison. Luther Carpenter is the oldest man in town. He married Lydia Ann Da vis on the 7th of December, 1836, who is living with him yet. In the fall of 1836, perhaps in hortor of his approaching marriage, his fellow townsmen sent him to the Legislature. They have had two children, one of whom, Mrs. Eliza A. CoUins, now lives in town. The other, a son, was born in 1840 on the 9th of January, and died on the 22d of the same month. Elnathan B. Beers, from Trumbull, Conn., came to Ferrisburgh after a brief residence in Monkton, and settled in the east part of the town. He died in Monkton at the age of eighty-seven years. His son. Ransom Beers, now hves in town. Robert Hazard, from Rhode Island, came here very early and settled on the farm now owned by Ezra A. Hazard. He built the house which now stands there. The old log house which stood formerly on the bank of the creek, west of the present building, was put up by a Mr. Chase. Robert Haz ard, it is thought, built the only grist-mill now in town, and operated it for years. He went to Canada early in the present century and returned in 18 16. His son, Thomas Hazard, was the father of Rufus Hazard, now living in Fer risburgh village, who was born June 15, 1808, in Oxbridge, near Toronto, Canada. For more than thirty years he carried ort the farm now occupied by Isaac Mosher. Of his three brothers, Robert is dead ; Seneca lives in Ferris burgh, and Dennis, the youngest, lives at Charlotte Four Corners. Alvin Ball, from Bennington, Vt., with his two brothers, located south of where George E. Ball, his grandson, now lives. Although without property when he arrived, he acquired iu a few years a handsome competence. Of his six children, Ansel, Alvin, and Stephen are now residents of the town. Joseph Burroughs settled at an early day on the farm now occupied by the widow of Joseph Burroughs, his grandson. He had two children, Ethan and Betsey. Ethan built the house now standing on the place in 181 1. Jonathan Locke, from Providence, R. I., was an itinerartt settler here in early days. He lived for a time on the farm now owrted and occupied by George G. and R. E. Robirtsort. Jonathan Keeler came to Ferrisburgh from White Plains, N. Y., and set tled in the south part of the town. He was a carpenter and joiner, and aided in the erection of many of the houses now standing here. He had a family of eight children, and died in 1842, aged seventy-eight years. Noah Porter, from New Hampshire, located in 1780 near the site of the depot in the viUage, and soon after purchased forty acres of land in the west part of the town, near Fort Cassin. He was a soldier of the Frertch and Indian and Revolutionary Wars, and originally came to Ferrisburgh for the purpose Town of Ferrisburgh. 443 of hunting and trapping. His descendants, some of them, are living irt towrt now. George W. Porter is his grandson. Daniel Nichols was an early settler in Vergennes and lived afterward on the place now occupied by his grandson, Joseph R. B. Wilkins. He died in 1847, aged seventy-five years. Thomas R. Robinson, a Quaker, from Newport, R. I., settled in Vergennes in 1792, and after a few years' residence there removed to the farm now owned by G. W. Latham, being the old Nathan Keese place. He had two children, Abigail and Rowland T. Abigail married Nathan C. Hoag, and had a family of nine chUdren. Rowland T. became a prominent man in town ; was an early and uncompromising abolitionist. In 1857 he was appointed town clerk, and that office has never been out of the family, his son George G. being the present incumbent. His eldest son, Thomas R., was born in 1823, and died in 1853. The second, George G., was born March 4, 1825, and is unmarried. The yourtgest, Rowlartd E., was born May 14, 1833; married Anna Stevens, of East Montpelier, in 1870, and has three children, Rachel, Rowland T, and May. Thomas R. Robinson's wife was Charlotte Satteriy, of Ferrisburgh. They had two children, WiUiam G., now a physician in New York, and Sarah, wife of William Harmon, of Shelburne. Timothy Dakin, from Quaker Hill, Conn., came to Ferrisburgh in 1792, locating on the farm now owned by his children, Isaac and Judith, both in the evenirtg of life. He was a shoemaker. Stoddard Martin, a carpenter and joiner, came to Charlotte from Lanes borough, Mass., as early as 1791, when he was four years of age, and remained there until after his marriage, when he took up his residence in Ferrisburgh. He served the town as justice of the peace for fifty years, and arranged a court-room in his hotel, in which all the justice's business was transacted. He died in his eighty-fourth year. He married Abigail Squier, of Charlotte, by whom he had fifteen children, of whom five are Uving, viz.: Solomon S., now of Madrid, St Lawrence county, N. Y. ; Medad, of North Ferrisburgh ; Leonard, of Birnham, Wis.; John W., of Middlebury, and Carlos C, also of North Ferrisburgh. Stoddard Martin married a second time, his second wife, Olive Wheeler, taking with him the matrimonial oath whert he was in the seventy-fourth year of his age. She survived him four years. He built the Martin Hotel, as will appear in a subsequent page. Albert W. Meade came from Stamford, Conn., and settled on the farm now owned by his son Albert W., jr. He was a blacksmith. Robert Sattley (spelled also Satterley) settled at an early day on the bank of Little Otter Creek, where Robert P. Sattley now lives, choosing that loca tion that he might the more conveniently carry his grain to mill at Crown Point by boat He had a family of six boys and six girls. He died irt 1844. He came originally from England, having been impressed into British service 444 History of Addison County. and brought to New York city in 1770 on the ship Ambuscade, where he left the ship without asking leave of the British powers that were. John Marsh was the first settler ort the place rtow owned by John Birkett. Joseph Birkett, of Enghsh birth, came to Ferrisburgh in 1802, and in 18 16 married Martha Beers. He died in 1854, aged seventy-five years. John and Joseph Birkett and Mrs. Martha Byington are his children. Loren Orvis, said to have been the first settler in the town of Lincoln, settled at an early day on the farm now owned by his son Lorenzo. He had a family of nine sons and four daughters, Lorenzo being the survivor of them aU. Loren Orvis died October 5, 1859, aged ninety-one years. Charles Newton, from Dutchess county, N. Y., settied in the west part of the town in 1800, on the place now owned by John Newton. RusseU Rogers, from New London, Conn., came to Middlebury soon after the Revolution with his father, Jabez, and in 1812 removed to Ferrisburgh. He died at Vergennes in 1858, aged seventy-four years. He was a brick- mason. His son Jabez now lives in the southeast part of the town. Benjamin Warner came to Ferrisburgh in 1802 and settled on the farm now occupied by the widow of Benjamin B. Warner. He had a family of five children, and died in 1838, aged sixty-eight years. John Gregory, a native of North CaroUna, and a soldier of the War of 18 12, came to this town in 18 14, settUng on the farm now owned by James Gregory. When a boy he ran away from his father's home in North Carolina. He was twice married, and had a family of twelve children. He built the first house on the homestead, which is standing yet As early as 1794 WilUam Gates was mine host in the old tavern still standing near the residence of Dr. Cram. Allen Adams came to Starksboro from Connecticut, and afterward removed to Charlotte. In 18 16 he came to this town, and located on the Keese place, so called. He had six children. James, his only son, lived for years where George M. Adams now lives, until his death in 1870. Allen Adams lived until he was ninety-one years of age. Charles Hawley settled near the lake shore in 18 10. His son Daniel was born irt 181 1 and died in 1878. Charles had a family of eight children. Dur ing the battle of Plattsburgh his family remained hidden for two days in the swamp, burying their goods in the driftwood. The following reminiscent statements were given the writer by John W. Martin, of Middlebury, the owner of the hotel property here, and a son of Stoddard Martin, before mentioned. It is all given, rtotwithstartdirtg the risk of repetition. Of the early settlers whom he remembers are Theophilus Middlebrook, who lived in the southwest part of the town and was town clerk for many years, and Abraham Rogers, who lived in the east part of the town, about two miles south of Martin's Hotel. Noah Porter lived toward the lake, Town of Ferrisburgh. 445 in Porter's Borough. Joseph Burroughs lived about half a mile southwest of Theophilus Middlebrook. His brother Stephen lived in the same rteighbor- hood. Joshua Barnes hved on a back road about two mUes from the old stage road. Cornelius Hurlburt Uved near him. Ashbell FuUer was father to the second wife of Stoddard Martin first. Wing Rogers was a very eccentric man. When his wife had company that he did not like he would take a cart-load of pumpkins up-stairs and roll them down agairt, bursting open the door, and making it impossible for any visiting to be done. Every door in his house had a little glass window in the center for a "peek-hole." One of these old doors now swings in the Martin Hotel. Rogers lived about a mile and a quarter south of the hotel. John Huff lived at the time of his decease near the depot on the Ball farm. He married Alvin Ball's widow when he was an old man. Ira Tupper hved west of the main road about one and a quarter miles from Vergennes. His son Absalom occupies the same place now. Simeon Miller lived at North Ferrisburgh, where some of his descendants are living yet. His family were noted for their peculiar given names. It is related that when Seneca Hazard was a lad he was living with Thomas Robin son, who at one time entertained some Quaker Friends from Philadelphia, and in the course of their visit he called to Seneca somewhat in the following manner : " Now, Seneca, I want thee to give the names of the MiUer family." To which the lad reluctantly responded : " Old Sim, Young Sim, Daniel, Jack, John and Sally; Pop, Almi, Sheldon and Harry," to the no little amusement of the Friends. George Gage lived in the west part of the town about a mile from Ira Tup per's. Solomon and William Kellogg, brothers, lived on Basin Harbor Sylvester Jaquesways, a large, fleshy man, lived about two miles south of the hotel. He worked out Benjamin Ferris Uved in the east part of the town. Solomon Dimick Uved in Porter's Borough. Stephen Fish Uved near where the Robinson brothers now live, on part of the old Keese place. John Eraser lived at Eraser's FaUs, near the Center WiUiam Beard lived west of the Center William Walker, father of Zuriel, lived west of the Center two miles. Organization. — The town was organized on the 29th of March, 1785. Jonathan Saxton was chosen town clerk; Jeremiah Reynolds, constable; and Abel Thompson, Isaac Gage, and Silas Bingham, selectmen. The principal business of the inhabitants of Ferrisburgh has ever been agri cultural. The exceUent water power in a vicinity so near as Vergennes was inimical to the establishment and development of many large mills or factories in this town at an early day. The foUowing account of the mills, forges, etc. , in the town was coUected by R. E. Robinson, and constitutes all that can now be learned on the subject. 29 446 History of Addison County. There was a forge on Little Otter Creek a little above where the Monkton road crosses the stream. I cannot learn by whom it was built or operated. Just below the bridge was a forge built by Major Richard Barnum, longer ago than Mr. Luther Carpenter — who was born in -the neighborhood, and is now in his rtirtety-first year — can remember. In 1805 Major Barnum sold property here to Caleb Farrer, and he sold in April, 1 807, to Perkins Nichols, of Boston. Nich ols sold in the same year to Bradbury, Higginson, Wells and others, all of Bos ton. A coal-house, forge, and saw-miU are mentioned in the deed. The Monkton ore bed was sold to the Bostoniarts about this time, aud I have heard one who worked in the forge then tell how, one by one, thirty silver dollars were slyly thrown into the furnace while the bloom was smelting, which was to prove the quality of the ore. The result was iron so excellent that the bargain was at once closed. Then or a little later there was a wool-carding and cloth- dressing establishment there ; a blacksmith shop, a store, and nine dweUing houses near by. The ore was of poor quality and the forge was soon aban doned by the Monkton Iron Company. All the works there soon went down, so long ago that scarcely a trace of any of them remains to-day. At Walker's FaUs, a mile or so down stream, there was in the first quarter of this century a saw-miU belonging to William Walker. He built a tannery there, but little was ever done in it, and only the foundations of it and the saw mill are to be seen now. About forty rods below was a forge, built by some of the Barnums and worked by them. Also a small nail factory, where rtails were cut and headed by hand, and another where axes were made by hand ; and Giles Hard fulled and dressed the home-made cloth of the farmers. All traces of these are gone. This place was long known as "Dover." A mile above the mouth of the Cronkhite Brook, which empties into Littie Otter below where these works were situated, William Palmer had a saw-mUl that endured but a little while, and its place is almost unmarked. Further down the stream of Little Otter, at Birkett's Falls, Walter Birkett had a little wheelwright shop, making mostly ox-carts. Just above was a " potash," the owner now unknown. Afterward there was a cider-mill in the building where Walter Birkett made carts, or ort the site of it. That, too, lortg ago passed away. At the lower falls on Little Otter Creek, long known as Eraser's Falls, there was a grist-mill early in the century, though I can find no mention of it in any deed. It stood about half way between where now is the railroad bridge and the place where George Campbell built his saw-miU in 1824. The old stortes, two of them, are still in existence. It is said to have had two run of stones. The water was brought dowu in a flume or spout to an overshot, wheel. There was a saw-miU on the north side of the stream, opposite J. R. Barnum's pres ent saw-miU. As nearly as can be ascertained, it was the first saw-mill buUt on these falls. The Daggetts came into possession of the land where it stood. Town of Ferrisburgh. 447 in 1825. In the description of the bounds a " potash place" is mentioned, and it must have been within forty rods of the faUs, north. Daggett sold this mill to John Fraser in 1831. Eraser's saw-mUl was further up stream, above the bridge on the left bank. There is nothirtg to establish the date of its building. George Campbell built his saw-mUl, now owned by J. R. Barnum, probably in or about 1824, as in that year he bought the privilege of John Fraser. Charles CampbeU, his son, sold it to J. R. Barnum in 1858. Joseph R. Barnum built a grist-mill adjoining it in i860, with two run of stones, for grinding meal and provender. This was discontinued five years later. J. R. Barnum is now, February, 1886, repairing his saw-miU. J. R. Barnum owned the upper saw mill when it was burnt in 1875. About 1850 James B. Fraser, son of John, built a grist-mill on the right bank of the creek, opposite his saw-mill. It had three or more run of stortes, and was a well-appointed and expensive mill for a country place. He sold it and the saw-mill to Charles Campbell in 1854. Campbell sold to Asa Hawkins in 1858, and the next year the property was bought by Perry & Hurlburt. C. C. Martin became a partner afterward, and in 1875 it was burnt, taking fire from the railroad bridge, when that, the road bridge (covered), the two mills, and a dwelling house belonging to the mill property were aU destroyed. Sixty or seventy years ago Daniel Nichols had a hemp factory on the flat below J. R. Barnum's mUl. It was destroyed by fire almost as long ago. These, with the exception of some unimportant transient industries, are all the works that have ever been on Eraser's Falls, so far as I can learn. At the upper part of the falls, at Ferrisburgh "Hollow," there was a forge early in this century, owned by one of the FuUers. This was on the " minis ter's lot" In 1822 Robert B. Hazard leased of the Baptist Church a portion of it thereabout, and buUt a woolen factory, which afterward came into the pos session of his brother, WiUiam Hazard, who in 1832 leased it to Theodore D. and Edmund Lyman. Theodore D. Lyman leased the factory to Edward Dan iels in 1 864. In 1 884 it was burnt, while run by John Vanduysen under a lease from Daniels. The site of the grist-miU and saw-miU, near the bridge, was deeded to Spert- cer & Hills by Thomas ChampUn in 1 806. One acre, previously deeded to Peet T. Titus, was excepted. The saw-miU was probably built before this date. Spencer and others deeded the property to Thomas R. Robinson, with the ex ception of Titus's acre and WUUam Lamson's " privilege for a machine," in 181 1. The grist-miU was probably built previous to this date, but is not mentioned in the deed. In 18 17 T. R. Robinson leased a privUege below the bridge to Rob ert B. Hazard for carding wool and dressing cloth. In 1824 T. R. Robinson deeded the mUl property and privileges he owned at this place to his son, R. T. Robinson, who rebuilt the grist-mill in 1828, and sold to John Van Vliet in 1833. Van Vliet sold the grist-mill to Henry Miles in 1838, and H. Miles to 448 History of Addison County. HaskeU & Wicker. in 1842, and in 1843 George Hagan, H. Miles's brother-in- law, bought it After G. Hagan's death it was sold to Sylvanus Humphrey, and in 1863 Humphrey sold it to C. C. Martin, and in 1866 C. C. Martin sold to Philo D. Percival, and N. J. AUert became a partner with him not long after ward. It is rtow leased by M. F. Allen and Medad Partch. The miU property at this place was so divided after Van VUet's purchase that it is almost impossi ble to trace the different ownerships. There was a potashery at one time, many years ago, some rods east of the grist-mill, nearly where John Dakin's house is. West of the mills, near the road, and on the bank of the intervale, Robert B. or WiUiam Hazard built a distillery. I cannot fix the date of its erection, but it was in full operation about 1830. Carpenter & Lorely were running it at one time, and Rowland T Robinson was sued by them for refusing to grind grain in his miU for the purpose of distilling. They gained their suit, but he lield to his determination and the business was soon given up. A part of the property at the lower falls of Lewis Creek was bought by Samuel Strong of Daniel Fish in 1790, and in 18 15 he bought a part of Heman Barney. "The old grist-mill and saw-miU on said premises" are named in this deed. John Burt appears to have owned here before D. Fish. Heman Barney had a wool-carding and cloth-dressing establishment south of the saw-miU, and the grist-mill was north of the saw-mill, Medad Martin says. Nathaniel Mar tin's tannery was just below these mUls, and all were on the rtorth side of the stream. Nathaniel Martin's bark-mill and tannery were there in 1824, and for fifteen years or more after that time. In 1835 E. D. Woodbridge and wife (heirs of S. Strong) leased " all the land lying upon Lewis Creek about the bridge on the main road, with use of all irons and machinery on said premises," to Perly W. Frost and Ezra WardweU for twelve years. Frost and WardweU built or rart a pail factory ort the south side of the creek, just below the bridge. In 1837 they leased it to Frederick B. Nims. There was never much done at paU- making, and some years later the building was destroyed by fire. Of these buildings the saw-miU was standing last, about twenty years ago.^ The others were gone long before, and no vestige of any now remains. The embankmertt of the old dam, extending out upon the narrow intervale, is all that is left to show that there were ever mills here. Joseph R. Barnum says the Banyea brick-yard was established by William M. Gage, and was worked at least forty-eight years ago. It may have been worked longer ago. Heman Barnum had a brick-yard about a mile west of the Center, near the cemetery, in 1838 or thereabouts. It was worked six or eight years, and the brick for the Union Church were made there. Thomas Dimmick had a brick-yard, at the same time and later, three miles west of the Center. II have a sketch of it mide September 4, 1861. A portion cf tlie wooden dam was st.indintr then. Town of Ferrisburgh. 449 The part that the town took in the Revolutionary War can scarcely be told or understood, because the population at that time was very sparse, and nearly all the irthabitants fled on the prospected approach of the enemy. Many of the settlers undoubtedly enhsted and bore an active part in the struggle for inde pendence. The War of 1 8 1 2 came upon the country at a time when the Champlain vaUey had become more thickly peopled, when homes had been built up which their founders were determined to defend at the risk, if necessary, of their lives. The inhabitants of Ferrisburgh, and all the towns in the vaUey, poured out in bodies when the signals were given for the battle of Plattsburgh. But the test of the patriotism and spirit of abnegation was reserved for the War of 1861—65. Then were aroused the energies of a peace-loving people to meet the exigencies of the most terrible war of modern times. The foUowing men were enUsted in Vermont regiments in the support of the Union during that fearful struggle. Volunteers for three years not credited previous to caU for 300,000 volun teers of October 17, 1863 : L. J. Allen, I. B. Austin, B. Bailey, W. A. Baldwin, J. Baldwin, P. B. BaU, L. Brooks, J. O. Carpenter, H. R. Chase, C. S. Curtis, J. FarrUl, E. W. Gale, C. F. Hall, G. Harrington, L. L. Harrington, S. Hazard, W. B. Hazard, C. H. Higgins, J. J. Horan, L. Huribut, C. B. Kent, W. M. Martin, J. W. Mignault, S. Morse, F. Pecu, J. Pecu, W. Pecu, H. A. Phelps, A. Ploof, G. W, Porter, jr, H. H. Porter, jr, L. Porter, jr, S. H. Porter, A. SorreU, H. M. SorreU, C. Stone, P. M. Thompson, J. A. Taggart, G. F. Williams, G. B. Worcester. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls : Volunteers for three years. — A. M. Ball, L. S. Beach, J. Devine, S. W. Diggles, J. Duprey, J. Farrell, A. N. Freeman, J. Galvin, J. Garrow, G. Har rington, J. Leguire, C. Lamay, L. W. Langley, N. C. Langley, F. Larrow, L. S. MaUory, E. H. O'Neil, W. H. Palmer, F. A. Peck, C. Porter, R. N. Pres- tort, H. Sears, J. W. Sears, J. Sinnow, J. SorreU, G. Stanlew, N. Stinehowe, J. Stone. Volunteers for one year — J. J. Bartley, W. J. Conant, P. Cunningham, H. Curier, jr, L. D. Curier, I. F. Hatch, F. A. JosUn, M. McKeogh, F. M. Moul ton, W. Pecu, S. Preston. Volunteers re-enlisted. — L. J. Allen, D. Clark, S. B. Flanders, A. SorreU. Enrolled men who furnished substitute. — B. F. Field, A. W. Meade. Not credited by name. — Two men. Volunteers for nine months. — T. Agin, O. W. Allen, H. B. Allen, F. Ar- mel, C. E. Baldwin, H. J. BaU, J. Butler, W. Caxton, S, Diggles, J. Gregory, C. H. Hitchcock, W. M. Kellogg, W. S. Lahore, T. C. Middlebrook, F. M. Moulton, A, Peck, E. Pecue, H. Perry, D. E. RoUin, S. M. Southard, T Tamb ling. 450 History of Addison County. Furnished under draft. — Paid commutation, O. Arnold, J. S. Benedict, H. Hawkins, R. W. Hazard, H. Martin, G. G. Robinson, R. Wilkins. Procured substitute, A. Collins, A. W. Conkrite, D. E. Field, J. Field. Post-office. — No post-office was established in town until about 1838, the reason being that Vergennes and Charlotte were conveniently near, and all at tempts previous to that date to secure the establishment of an office in one part of the town were successfully resisted by other sections, on the ground of its not being a central situation. In 1838 Stoddard Martin, who was then keeping the stage-house and hotel in North Ferrisburgh, gained the assistance of Stephen Haight, of Monkton, at that time member of Congress, and suc ceeded in securing the appointment of first postmaster at North Ferrisburgh. After he went out of the proprietorship of the hotel in 1841 his son, John W. Martin, became his successor, and remained in the office about fourteen years. After his term have been successively Aaron B. Webb, Calvin Martin, Benoni Thompson, Absalom Wheeler, Martin F. Allen, and, since the fall of 1885, James Mooney, the present incumbent Henry Rogers was, it seems, the first postmaster at the Center, and was foUowed by Rowland T. Robinson, Dr. George E. Stone, John Bell, Mrs. Bet sey Colter, and the present postmaster, George Field, who has been in the office several years. ' Hotel. — The only hotel now kept in town (Martin's Hotel) was first opened to the public in 1 830 by Stoddard Martin, his father, Reuben, being with him. In 1 84 1 John W. and C. C. Martin, sons of Stoddard, contracted for the pur chase of the property and became absolute owners at their father's decease. John W. Martin owns it still, though it is weU conducted by his son Stoddard. Grist-mill. — The grist-mill at North Ferrisburgh, now operated by M. L. Partch, J. P. Kenyon and M. Y. Allen, under the firm style of Partch & Co., was operated some years before the beginning of the present century by Rob ert Hazard, as before stated. On the 19th of March, 181 1, Thomas R. Rob irtsort bought the property of Gideon Spencer, Gideon Spencer, jr, and Stephen Spencer Afterward his son, Rowland T Robinson, acquired title, and in 1828 substantially rebuilt the mUl. In March, 1833, John Van VUet bought it In more recent years P. D. Percival operated the mill, and for a number of years preceding March 23, 1885, Allen and Percival ran it The mill has a capacity for grinding about four hundred bushels per day. Mercantile Interests. — The oldest mercantile business now in town is the store of J. L. St. Peters. The business was started in 1837 by C. W. Wicker. In 1877 the present proprietor, who had been his clerk for eight years, suc ceeded him. He carries about $4,000 stock. Mr. St. Peters came to Ferris burgh from Charlotte. The store of M. F. Allen & Brother dates its establishment as far back as 1845, when N. J. Allen, father of the presertt proprietors, and A. L. Wheeler (^y/^^i^-f^i^^ Town of Ferrisburgh. 451 began under the title of AUen & Wheeler Since then the 'firms have beert Wheeler & AUen, M. F. AUen & Co., and since April i, 1883, the present firm. The present building was erected on the site of the old one in the sum mer of 1885. This store also carries about $4,000 stock. C. H. Mallory bought the store property which he now owns of C. W. Wicker December 7, 1857, and began working at cooper work. From this he gradually estabUshed a trade in various articles until he was compelled to aban don the cooper work and devote himself to his mercantile business. L. B. FuUer began in the fall of 1885 the business of pressing hay for ex portation, and has already built up an extensive business. He has been a dealer in hay in town, however, about fourteen years. Manufacturing Interests. — The oldest saw-n;ill in town is the one now oper ated by J. R. Barnum, which now has a circular saw and cuts from 100,000 to 500,000 feet of lumber annually. Mahlon Kingman's barrel factory was first operated in 1850. He employs about five hands. John Banyea's brick-yard was established as early as 1806. He employs ten hands, and manufactures about a mUlion brick per annum'. The cider-miU of George B. Kimball was established in 1844 by Daniel Kimball, father of the present proprietor. Four men are kept here during the cider season. Stephen Ball also operates a cider-mill (near the Kimball mill), which he started about twenty years ago. Oliver Danyow started his cider-mill at Little Otter Creek Falls in the sum mer of 1884. The population of the town since the taking of the first census in 1791, has varied according to the following figures: 1791, 481 ; 1800, 956; 1810, 1647; 1820, 1,581; 1830, 1,822; 1840, 1,755; 1850, 2,075; i860, 1,738; 1870, 1,768; 1880, 1,684. ecclesiastical.! Congregational Church. — The Congregational Church was organized in Ferrisburgh January 26, 1824, in the town house, where its meetings were held up to the time of the building of the Union Church there. The members num bered at that time forty-four Mrs. Luther Carpenter thinks Abraham Bald win was the first minister, and preached in Ferrisburgh and Monkton. Allen Adams was the first deacon. The first Sabbath -school was organized at the "Gage school-house" (district No. 8) about 1828, by WilUam Bixby, William Roberts, and another gentleman, all of Vergennes. The first Sunday-school su perintendent was James Hodge. The Congregational Church in this town has never had a pastor, but has been "supplied." Iu 1840 the "Urtion Church" 1 Prepared by R. E. Robinson. 452 History of Addison County, was built by all denominations, at a cost of $2,200. Until the buUding of the Congregational Church at the Center in 1 869, the meetings of the Congrega tionalists were held in the Uniort Church. The number of members now is about fifty-two — C. W. Wicker, deacon, J. Q. Adams, Sunday-school super- intendent; average attendance at Sunday-school, forty. Mr. Harris (not or dained) preaches to the church at present The church building cost $7,000. Of the Baptist Church all that can be learned is that the Rev. John A. Dodge was set apart to the Baptist ministry as pastor over the church and congregation in Ferrisburgh November 15, 1821 ; a certificate whereof is re corded in the Ferrisburgh Records, volume ten. September 14, 1827, WilUam Walker, Benjamin Carpenter and Elam Hall, committee ofthe Baptist Church in Ferrisburgh, "in consideration of the love and affection they bear unto John A. Dodge, quit-claim unto him the whole of the right of land drawn to the first settled gospel minister." Meetings were sometimes held in the second story of the tannery building at Walker's Falls, where Mrs. Ransom Beers remembers hearing Elder Dodge preach. The society never had a meeting-house in town ; has but few mem bers, and no minister residing here. Friends, commonly called Quakers. — "At a Quarterly Meeting held at nine partners [N. Y.] The 14 & 15 of 11 mo. 1792, the Request respecting a Meeting of worship & a Preparitive meeting at Pharisburg on Concideratiort thereon is united with & establishes these Meetings and Directs that those meeting of worship be held on the First and Fifth days of the week, and those Preparitive be Held on the 2 Fifth Day in each mo. Extraced from the min utes by aaron hUl, Clark." "According to the Direction of the above minutes have met this 10. Day of I mo. 1793, & opened our Preparitive meeting." — (From records of the So ciety.) Sarah Barker was the first clerk of the women's meeting, whose name I find in the records I have had access to. I cannot ascertain the rtumber of mem bers at the time the meeting was established. Child's Gazetteer says about one hundred, and that they erected a meeting-house that year. Both statements are doubtful. It does not seem probable that there were so many members then, and about that time a marriage ceremony was performed, according to Friends' usage, in a log barn that stood a little south of the house now occu pied and owned by Susan Rogers. If there was a meeting-house theu, why was the marriage rtot in it? On the 5th of 12th month,' 181 1, "Cornehus Halbut [Hurlburt], of Ferrisburgh, and Timothy Rogers, of the town of Mark ham, on Duffin's Creek in Upper Canada, deeded to Nathart C. Hoag, of Char lotte, and Jonathan Holmes, of Monkton, one and one-half acres of land for the sole use, benefit and behoof of the Monkton Monthly Meeting of Friertds." This is where the old Friertds' meetirtg-house stood, built, perhaps, some years Town of Ferrisburgh. 453 before the land was deeded. It was a barn-like, two-storied structure with shingled sides, if I remember right, with a partition running through the mid dle, having movable shutters, that were closed during the progress of " meet ings for business," while the men-Friends and the women-Friends, always sitting apart, transacted the business belonging to either sex. The building was bought by the Orthodox Friends and utiUzed by them in the construction of their meeting-house in i860. The rough old door-stones still lie in their old places among the many unmarked graves of past generations of Friends. There is nothing on the records that I have examined as to who were " rec ommended ministers" at this time. Whoever was "moved by the spirit" preached, and it was not uncommon for meetings of worship to be held in per fect silence. Joseph and Huldah Hoag and Clark Stevens were some of the early preachers of the society here. One day, while at work in his fields, Joseph Hoag beheld a "vision" of dire calamities that were to befall this country. It was thought by many then, and is by some now, to have been truly prophetic. Thomas R. Hazard, a prominent Spiritualist, has had it republished several times in the newspapers. About 1828 a controversy arose concerning matters of Scriptural belief, and was attended by all the bitterness of spirit that religious dissensions usually are. It resulted in a separation. Of the members of this meeting two hun dred and eighty-two took the orthodox side, one hundred and ninety-two the " Hicksite," so called because Elias Hicks was the most prominent preacher of its unorthodox doctrine. It is not to be understood that there were nearly so many Friends residertt here, but all were members of this meeting ; some lived as far south as Shoreham, some as far north as Canada, some in Lincoln and Starksboro, some in Monkton and Charlotte, and all minors were enumerated, being " birthright members." Both parties held to the fundamental principles of early Friends, the attendance on the "inner light," non-resistance, plainness in speech and dress, testimony against hireling ministry, etc. Simply stated, the orthodox Friends were Trinitarians, the others were Unitarians. The latter continued to hold their meetings in the old meeting-house till 1843 or a little later, when their numbers had dwindled to a handful. Thomas WhaUey was their last minister. The orthodox Friends built a meeting-house on land afterward, in 183 1, deeded to them by Abraham Rogers, and situated near his dwelling house. It was a low and rather long structure, and from its peculiar shape, and perhaps from its holding "the salt ofthe earth" on First and Fifth- days, was sometimes called the "salt-box." It is yet standing, but unused. Nathan C. Hoag, son of Joseph and Huldah, was a promiuertt minister among the orthodox Friends, and so were some of his brothers and at least one sister- The society numbers now sixty or more members, still holding to the name of Friends, but not to the forms, and hardly in the spirit that was adhered to and professed by early Friends. Their meetirtgs are regularly held in their 454 History of Addison County. meeting-house on 'the main road, a little south of Lewis Creek lower falls. It was buUt in i860 at a cost of $1,000. Seneca Hazard and EUzabeth Dakin are the oldest ministers. CHAPTER XXI. HISTORY OF THB TOWN OP GOSHEN. THE town of Goshen, situated on the southern boundary of Addison county, is bounded on the north by Riptort, on the east by Hancock and Roch ester, south by Chittenden, and on the west by Brartdon, Leicester and SaUs bury. The town was granted by New Hampshire on the 23d of February, 1782, though the charter was not obtained until February 2, 1792. It entitled John Powell, William Douglass and sixty-three others to 13,000 acres. A new charter was granted on the 1st of November, 1798, by which two gores lying in Caledonia couuty, seventy miles away, containing respectively 2,828 and 7,339 acres, were added to the original territory, thus forming a disunited town ship containing 23,167 acres. The inhabitants soon began to realize, however, that either of the gores might properly be organized into a separate town and enact proceedings which could not be invalidated. Accordingly, the Legisla ture soon passed an act legalizing the organization of the 13,000 acres into a township. The gores in Caledonia county nominally belonged to Goshen until 1854, when they were severed from it by the Legislature. On the 9th of No vember, 1 8 14, eleven thousand acres from the north part of Philadelphia were annexed to Goshen, and on the 1st of November, 1820, the north part of this town was annexed to Ripton. The next and last change was effected on the I oth of November, 1847 by the annexatiort of a part of this town to Rochester. The surface of the town is high and rocky, being contained wholly within the bosom of the Green Mountains. The geological formation is principally gneiss and quartz rock, while iron ore and the oxide of manganese exist to some extent There are, nevertheless, many valleys in Goshert, with alluvial soil easily susceptible of cultivation, on which are raised considerable quanti ties of wheat, oats, rye, buckwheat, Indian corn, potatoes and hay. The in dustry of the town is almost wholly agricultural, and is devoted chiefly to the dairy and wool-growing interests. Large quantities of maple sugar are also made annually, the maple having an extensive growth here. The other varie ties of timber are pine, hemlock, spruce, oak, beech and birch, the deciduous trees prevailing. Sucker Brook and Mill Brook constitute the chief drainage, the former rising in the northeastern part of the town and following a westerly course into Sal isbury, while the latter rises near the central part and flows northwesterly into Town of Goshen. 455 the town of Brandon. These streams, with their tributaries, also afford a num ber of good mill privileges. Owing to the uupromisirtg nature of the town, and its seemingly inaccessi ble situation, it was not settled very early. The first settler in that portion an nexed from Philadelphia was Phineas Blood, whose arrival is dated the year 1 806. The first child born in town was Roswell W. Mason, born March 1 1 , 1 8 1 1 . The first settler on the territory of Goshen as it was originally char tered was Jabesh Olmsted, who located in March, 1807, on lot fifty, one-half of which Nathan Capen afterwards occupied. His wife had been sick for some time, but by reason of his desire to reach the place in sugar time, he brought her to the half-finished log cabin on a bed, with the assistance of three other men. He was soon after arrested and imprisoned in the Middlebury jaU for debt, where he died only a day or two after he had expected to rejoin his family. Jonathan Olmsted, one of his sons, afterwards lived on the farm, which was occupied at a later date by Benjamin Phelps. His other son, Henry, lived on the place now occupied by Barnd Overbeek. Jabesh was an exhorter His grandson, Wolcott Baird, jr., lives in Goshen at the present time. The hardships of the first settlers in Goshen exceeded those of nearly every other town in the county. The pioneers were obliged to buy their grain of farmers in adjoining towns, carrying it home on their backs. They usually paid for it in day labor. Joseph Carlisle and William, jr., once traveled three days before they could buy a bushel of grain. Phineas Blood, before mentioned, was three and a quarter years in the Rev olution. After he came to Philadelphia in 1806 he conceived the idea of an nexing the north part of Philadelphia to Goshen, when it was organized. He built a log house in each of four different lots and sold them, after which he erected a frame house for himself All this was accomplished before 1820. He was the second representative of the town in 18 15-16, and for five or six years a justice of the peace. He died September 10, 1822; his widow survived until recent years and died in Wisconsin. He lived on the farm now owned by his grandson, Otis Blood, and Jacob Cary, his granddaughter's husband. Maria, wife of Jacob Cary, ahd the widow of Silas Gale, are the ortly descendants now in town. Otis Blood lives with his sister in New Haven. Other descendants are residing in Illinois and Iowa. Reuben Grandey was an active soldier for seven and a half years in the Rev olutionary War He came to Goshen in 1809 and settled on the place now occupied by John Persons. Numan AUert is his grandson. Reuben Grandey died April 30, 18 19, and was the first person buried in the cemetery now in use here. Abiathar PoUard, another Revolutiouary soldier, took part irt the battie of Red Bartk, and was one of the four hundred men under Colonel Greerte who 456 History of Addison County. defertded Fort Mercer and fired sixty rounds of cartridge before the enemy re tired. He died in December, 1813, at the house of Nathan Capen, and was the first adult who died in town. He was buried near the west line of lot number fifty, by the roadside. No headstone marks his burial place. He was related to the Grandeys. James Cowen, who had served for a time in the Revolution, came to Goshen in 1823. He was a man of piety and of wonderful memory. It has been said that he could repeat the texts of every sermon he had heard for forty years, artd could repeat verbatim a discourse two days after its delivery. He was in re ligious belief a Restorationist His death occurred ort the 13 th of May, 1845, at the age of eighty-one. He occupied a piece of land north of the burying- ground and across the brook. Noah Allen came here in 1809 and lived on the place now owned by Bur gess Field, though all the buildings have been removed. He was one of the selectmen chosen when the town was organized, and held the office a number of years. He was chiefly remarkable for his generous disposition, which brought him the enviable title of "father of the town." He and his six sons have been among the foremost men of the town during its entire history. He died on the 20th of May, 1844. Numan Allen, his son, is now a prominent citizert of Goshen. Griswold Davis came to Goshen in the spring of 1 8 1 1 ; was elected first selectman at the first town meeting in 1814; in May of the same year was ap pointed a delegate to the Constitutional Converttion, and in September was chosen representative to the General Assembly. In 1815 he removed to Yates, N. Y., where he recently died. Nathan Capen, from Boone's Station, Mass., came here December 10, 18 10, and settled near Jabesh Olmstead's place on the town line between Philadelphia and Goshen. At the organization of the town he was elected town clerk, which position was accorded him twenty-eight successive years. He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of June 1828; was representative of the town for six years following 1831, and was for years an active justice of the peace. He died much respected on the 12th of March, 1852, aged sixty-six years. The only descendants of Nathan Capen now in town are Nathan, his son, and Mi nerva, wife of Numan Allen. Charles, another son, hves in BreedviUe, Mich., and Asenath, a daughter, widow of Justus N. Dart, lives in Mortticello, Wis.; John, a son, died in Forestdale in January, 1878, aged fifty-nine years. Nathan Capen, jr, was born in Goshen AprU 28, 18 15. In 1863 he bought his present farm of William Carlisle. On the 14th of March, 1839, he married Rebecca Hooker, and has now a famUy of three children — Nathan Sidney, Ida Eliza beth and Cornelius R. Ford Capen. Mr Capen has been town clerk of Goshen for some time, and rertdered valuable assistance in the compilation of this chapter. Town of Goshen. 457 Abiathar Knapp, the first settled minister in town, came in 1822, and on the 9th of December of that year reorganized the Christian Church here. He preached in Goshen eight years. In September, 1830, he was chosen town rep resentative, but soon after removed to New York. His place of residence was about one-fourth of a mile north of James Cowen. Mary, daughter of Eh Knapp, and wife of Andrew S. Brown, is a granddaughter of Abiathar Knapp and the only one of his descendants in town. Josiah Brown and Periey Green reached Goshen in 18 19 from Brookfield, Vt. Joseph Carlisle, the second settler in town, came in 1 808, and hved on part of the place now owned and occupvied by John White. He was the son of William Carlisle, and brother of William, jr He was an honest, hard-working man, and for years was considered the best leader in vocal music in Goshen. He died in Michigan in September, 1859, aged seventy-seven years. His eld est son, Mial, the first male child born in town (spring of 1 8 10), now lives in Rochester, Vt Another son, Amasa, lives near Ticonderoga, N. Y. No de scendants now live in Goshen. His brother, WUUam Carlisle, jr., came in 18 16 and succeeded Lemuel Toby in the occupation of the place next north of Abi athar Knapp. He raised a large family. He was remarkable for his power of relating anecdotes. He died May 11, 1858, aged seventy-nine; his wife died three days later, aged seventy-four. His son William, and daughter Deborah Beckhorn, now live in Forestdale. Other descendants are in Wisconsin. Benjamin Phelps settled in 1813 on the first place west of the Methodist Church, now occupied by James McGibbins. He was a consistent and active Christian ; he died July 5, 1857, aged eighty-nine years ; his wife died Decem ber 25, 1856, aged eighty-seven years. She and Triphenia Shedd were the two oldest persons ever deceased in town. Elmira, widow of Orris Allen, is daughter of Benjamin Phelps and his only descendant in Goshen. James Phelps, his grandson, lives in Brandon. Lemuel Toby has already been mentioned as the predecessor of WiUiam Carlisle, jr, on the farm north of Abiathar Knapp, His daughter Lydia be came the wife of Simeon C. Davis. David Ayer settled west of the place now owned and occupied by Barnd Overbeek. Arnold, Hiram and Edward Ayer, his grandsons, are stiU residents of Goshen. James Fitts was an early resident on the place where John White now lives. One son and a daughter now reside in Salisbury. Anthony Baker originally located on the place now occupied by Albia Ayer, the " Martin Allen " place. He afterward bought out John Naples in the north part of the town. His son, Loren H. Baker, is the present town clerk of Ripton. He has also two sons in Forestdale and other descendants in the West. WilUam Jones was an early settler in that part of the town afterward set off to Rochester, where his son Lynn now Uves. 458 History of Addison County. WiUiam Robbins and Jonathan KendaU lived on the east side of the moun tain. KendaU built and for a time operated a forge there, but became heavily involved and was compelled, it is said, to leave. Daniel Hooker was an early settler on the place now owned by Riley Blodgett and Thomas J. Hooker He died December 6, i860, leaving de scendants surviving as follows : Thomas J. Hooker and Joseph Hooker, of Goshen, sons ; Jane, wife of Riley Blodgett ; Rebecca, wife of Nathan Capen, and Susan, wife of James Washburn, of Goshen ; Mary, wife of John Kenna ; Sally, wife of Noah E. Bisbee, of Brandon, and Lavina, wife of S. Jones, in Missouri. Jonathan Bagley hved on the place now owned by Nathan Capen, on the old mountain road. Francis Brown came here in 18 19 and settled on the farm now owned by Romeo M. Brown, a grandson of Francis's brother John. Mary, widow of Francis Brown 2d, was daughter of Francis Brown above named, having been married to her cousin. Francis Brown 2d, born in Rochester, Vt., on the 29th of September, 1797, came to Goshen in 1822 and located on the place now occupied by his widow, Mary Brown, in Goshen South Hollow. He served the town three years as representative and nearly fifty years as justice of the peace. E. J., Andrew S. and Dan B., his sons, now live in town. Francis Brown 2d died February 22, 1883, aged eighty-five years. Robert Mason settled on the place which still goes by his name, now occu pied by Charles Washburn. Samuel Robbins lived on the east side of the mountain. , Nathaniel Belknap, who attained some prominence in the community, Uved on the place now owned by Jared L. Snow. Mrs. Almon G. Baker and Mrs. Stephen Salles, of Forestdale, are his daughters. Amos Sawyer settled on the hill north of Barnd Overbeek's present resi dence. Lazarus Cary, son of Theodore Cary, lived south of the Wolcott Baird place ; he went West years ago. John Coombs lived for a time on the line between lot number fifty and the place now occupied by John Fersons ; he was something of a pettifogger, but not owning any real property, and not being considered self-sustaining, he was warned out of town at an early day. Isaac Gale lived at a very early day on the place west of the farm after wards occupied by Reuben Allen. The town organization was effected on the 29th of March, 18 14, the meeting having been warned by Henry Olin, of Leicester, there being no justice of the peace any nearer, and was held at the house of Simeon C. Davis. The foUowing officers were then chosen : Samuel White, moderator; Nathan Capen, town clerk ; Grindal Davis, Noah Allen, and Anthony Baker, selectmen ; Joseph Davis, treasurer ; Anthony Baker, col- Town of Goshen. 459 lector and constable ; Joseph Davis, grand juror ; Simeon C. Davis and Nathan Capen, fence viewers ; Joseph Carlisle, pound-keeper ; Mial Carlisle, sealer of weights and measures ; Nathan Capen, tithingman ; Grindal Davis, James Fitts, Anthorty Baker, Hendrick Hyer, surveyors of highways ; Henry Olmsted and Lemuel Toby, haywards. Proceedings were at once set on foot for the purchase of a burying-ground, which culminated in the buying of the one stUl used by the town, the report of the committee having been accepted on the loth of June, 18 14. At a meeting held at the house of Simeon C. Davis, on Tuesday, March 3 1 , the following proceedings were enacted : Voted to raise fifteen dollars to defray town charges and one hundred dollars for making and repairing high ways. Among other internal improvements the construction of roads was an im portant consideration. The road from PhUadelphia to Ripton (the original proprietors' road) had been substantially completed before 1807. The old turnpike past the present residence of Nathan Capen to Rochester was finished in the fall of 1838. The other highways of Goshen were opened at an earlier date. Thus the settlement and improvement of this little town increased. New arrivals frequently made their homes in town until in 1 8 1 5 the list of voters was placed on record as foUows : Jonathan Olmsted, Lemuel Toby, David Ayer, Joseph Carlisle, Reuben Grandey, Benjamin Phelps, James Fitts, William Carlisle, Anthony Baker, William Jones, Willard Robbins, Jonathan Kendall, Daniel Hooker, Jonathan Bagley, Robert Mason, Samuel Robbins, Hertry Olmsted, Nathan Capen, John White, Nathaniel Belknap, Amos Sawyer, Laz- arous Cary, Mial Carlisle, John Coombs. The irtdustrial occupation of the inhabitants of Goshen from time imme morial having been purely agricultural, nothing can be said concerning the early mUls, etc., of the town. Notwithstanding the sparseness of the population, the town has won an en viable record for unanimous patriotism, as evinced in the wars which have con vulsed the country. Settlement had not begun here untU years after the clos ing events of the Revolution had been enacted ; but we have seen that a number of those who afterward erected their rude cabins within the limits of Goshen, bore the scars of that terrible struggle for independence. The War of 18 12, however, found this town well equipped with men of nerve and daring who were eager to defend the cause of their country against the encroachment of a foreign foe. Asa Grandey, jr, and David Olmsted were kiUed in battle at French MiUs. Jesse White, a much respected citizen, was in the United States service during a greater part of the war, and Sanford Grandey was also in the service, and in the battle of Plattsburgh. Such was the noise of that battle that the guns were heard here. Asa Grandey and his wife walked the road before 460 History of Addison County. their house, wringing their hands in an agony of grief, expecting to hear that Sanford was killed, as Asa had been before. When the alarm was given that the British were marching on Plattsburgh and a battle expected, Samuel White, Grindal Davis, Samuel C. Davis, Reuben Alleu, David Ayer, jr., Martirt Car lisle, Benjamin Phelps, jr., Robert Mason, Henry S. and Jonathan Olmsted, and Leonard Toby took their equipments and started for Plattsburgh. The battle was fought, however, before they arrived. John Ayer and Jesse White also served eighteen months in this war. " There are two things, at least," writes one, " of which the people of Goshen are proud. One is, that three presidents, Lincoln, Grant and Hayes, received the unanimous vote of the town. The other is, that during the late rebellion the quota of the town was more than fiUed." No higher eulogy can be passed upon the past of the town, and no higher praise bestowed on those who fought in the civil war. The following are the names, so far as they can be ascer tained, of those who served in Vermont organizations : Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : R. W. Allen, W. F. Allen, E. Ayers, W. Beckhorn, P. Blood, C. F. Brown, M. Courtney, H. M. Ferris, H. A. Hendee, H. Hooker, J. LoveU, J. R. Mc- Gibbon, V. D. SaUs, A. P. Smith, P. Tyler. Credits under caU of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls : Volunteers for three years. — H. D. Ayer, P. H. Blood, H. Brown, J. Hogan. Volunteers for one year. — S. C. Alexander, S. T. Chamberlin, R. Laird. Volunteers re-enlisted. — J. R. McGibbon, J. W. Pitridge. Volunteers for nine months. — M. F. Allen, J. Ayers, D. B. Brown, H. S. Brown, J. W. Brown, N. Capen, E. Kelley, J. Washburn, J. S. Wilber Furnished under draft — Paid commutation, A. Ayers, N. J. Phelps, S. H. Washburn. Procured substitute, A. S. Brown, H. J. Hendel. The only industries in Goshen, aside from the agricultural pursuits of the people, are represented by the saw-miU now owned and operated by Numan AUen, located in the southwestern part of the town, which was built by John Capen about the year 1850. Mr. Allen bought the property in the fall of 1863. Staves, barrel heads, shingles and aU kinds of lumber for building pur poses are manufactured in this mill. The mill is run by water power and has a capacity for sawing about 10,000 feet of lumber a day. The saw-miU of Turner W. Dutton, the only other mill of any description in town, was built within the past four years and is now operated by steam. There is no post-office in town, the inhabitants contenting themselves with receiving and sending their mail at Brandon, where they do all their trading. The population of the town from the beginning of its settlement to the pres- Town of Granville. 461 ertt time is shown by the following figures from the census returns : 1 800, 4 ; 1810,86; 1820, 290; 1830, 555; 1840, 621; 1850, 486; i860, 394; 1870, 330; 1880, 326. ECCLESIASTICAL. The Methodist Episcopal Church, located in the southwestern part of the town, was organized in 18 18, with seven members. Rev. Nathaniel Alden being their first pastor Rev. L. O. Hathaway is their present pastor, with a very spg,rse membership. The first house of worship was erected in 1831, giving place to the present structure in 1848. The buildiug, which cost $1,000, will accommodate one hundred and fifty persons, and is now valued, including grounds, at $1,500. The Wesleyan Methodist Church, also located in the southwest part of the town, was orgartized by Martin Alien in 1848, Rev. Robert H. Ross first pas tor. The church building was erected in 185 1, with seating capacity for one hundred and fifty persons, at a cost of $500, about its present value. The society has, at present, eight regular members, with Rev. Winfield Hathaway, brother to the pastor of the M. E. Church, in charge of the pastorate. CHAPTER XXII. HISTORY OF THB TOWN OF GRANVILLE. THE town of GranvUle, situated in the eastern part of the county, is bounded on the north by the town of Warren and a part of Roxbury in Washington county ; east by Braintree, in Orange county ; south by Hancock, and west by Ripton and a small part of Lincoln. It was granted by Governor Thomas Chittenden on the 7th of November, 1780, and chartered August 2, 1 78 1, to the foUowing proprietors: Reuben King, James Lusk, Daniel King, Robert Graham, James Mead, Joseph Farnsworth, Justus Mitchell, John Stanford, Johrt Startford, jr., John May, Ira Allen, Daniel Beaman, Ebenezer Wright, Amos Crosbee, Isaac Pomeroy, PhiUp Olcutt, Jacob Sheldon, WiUiam Slade, Seth Banister, Elias Staples, John Cutler, Jesse Abbott, Solomon Banis ter, Thomas Wood, Thomas King, Sylvanus Walker, Aaron Graves, Thomas Bliss, John Hill, Daniel Haynes, Jonathan Moore, Gideon King, James Shaw, Daniel Russell, John McElwain, Isaac Roberts, William McDole, John Spear, Joseph McChntock, John McMaster, WiUiam Spear, James McClintock, John Hurlburt, jr, Narcissus Graham, Aaron T. Boge, Benjamin Scott, Isaac King, John Hurlburt, Joseph Graham, Phinehas Sheldon, Reuben Parsons, Benjamin Sheldon, Asaph Sheldon, Ezra Sheldon, Alexander Sheldon, Cephas Gillett, David Graham, John Graham. 30 462 History of Addison County. As was usual in the settlement of towns in this State, the clearing of farms and rearing of homes was in fact effected not by the proprietors themselves, but chiefly by grantees under them. The town was originally caUed " Kings ton," from the numerous persons of that name among the proprietors; but owing to some local difficulty, a portion of the inhabitants, under the leader ship of Isaac Parker, procured on November 6, 1833, a substitution of the present name for the old one. The township originally contained, it is said, the orthodox 23,040 acres, but on the 6th of November, 1833, was enlarged by the annexation of a part of Avery's Gore. The surface of Granville is almost entirely rough and mountainous, and for the most part composed of rocky soil which it is next to impossible to culti vate. Large tracts of timbered land attest, however, the proper worth of the town for industrial purposes. Through the center of the town a broad valley of excellent alluvial soil, drained by White River and its tributaries, extends to the north and south, and constitutes almost the only arable earth in the town. Many pleasing and romantic spots are found here, which are prevented from becoming widely known only by the mountainous barriers which lift their bristling shoulders on every side. The scenery about Moss Glen Falls is beautiful in the extreme. This cascade is situated on a branch of the White River, near the center of the town, where the waters are precipitated over a huge rock one hundred feet high, the lower falls of fifty feet being vertical. At the base the continual force of the falling torrent has worn a hole in the rocks ten feet deep. The glen which surrounds this fall is surpassingly beau tiful. Mad River rises in the northern part and fiows north into Washington county, while several branches of the East Branch of White River rise in the western part of the town and flow east into Orange county. The soil of the tillable land is mostly a fine aUuvial deposit, constantly enriched by washings from the highlands, distributed by overflows. The overflows, however, some times overstep their bounds artd become freshets. The most destructive of these torrents occurred during the great storm of July 26, 1830. There had been an unusual fall of rain during the whole season, but on the third day previous to the flood — Saturday — at about three o'clock P. M., rain fell with unusual vehemence until Sabbath morning. At the close of the Sabbath the waters which had "overborne their continents" again began to retreat slowly and sullenly to their wonted chanrtels. Early in the forenoon of Monday, however, the storm broke with redoubled fury, continuing until far into the night. Houses, barns, bridges and everything in the course of the mad torrent were swept before it, causing an incredible loss of property, though, happily, no lives were lost. The deep gulf at Moss Glen FaUs, lying between the mourttairt on the west and the hill on the opposite side, was literally fiUed up by an immense mass of earth that had been undermined by the water until it Town of Granville. 463 made a land-slide, forming a dam that raised the waters above to a height of seventy-five feet above the normal course, as was proven afterwards by the drift-wood, etc., lodged in the tops of the trees. At about twelve o'clock this immense mass gave way, and the waters from the mighty reservoir formed by it came thundering down through the valley, carrying destruction with it The inhabitants having betaken themselves to the higher land was all that prevented a great loss of life. The narrowest escape was that of David Wiley, in the eastern part of the town, whose house was swept away, while he and his family escaped death by clinging to a projecting rock, under a portion of which they took refuge until morning. At a meeting of the proprietors of Granville (or Kingston) held at Wind sor on the 28th of September, 1784, a vote was passed to give one hundred acres of land to each of the first women who should go with their families to make a permanent settlement in the town. The offer was accepted by Mrs. Daniel King, Mrs. Elizabeth Sterling, and Persis, wife of Israel BaU, grand father of Joseph P. Ball, who was afterwards one of the most influential men in the town. Settlement thereupon rapidly increased. The first town meeting was held on the 8th of July, 1788, at the house of Israel Ball, at which Israel Ball was chosen moderator ; Joseph Patrick, town clerk ; Israel Ball, Asa Wood and Moses King, selectmen ; Gideon Abbott, constable and collector ; Joshua Beckwith, grand juror; Joseph Patrick and Joel Rice, highway sur veyors. The meeting was then adjourned to the dwelling house of Daniel King, September 16, 1788, at which it was voted among other things to "per- tition " the General Assembly for a land tax, and that said tax be two pence per acre. Among the early officers Joseph Patrick retained the office of town clerk with the exception of the year 1793, until 1832. He also held the office of justice of the peace thirty-six years, though Daniel King was the first justice. Joseph Rice was the first representative, chosen in 1807. Israel Ball came before 1780 from Massachusetts and made his first pitch on the land in more recent days owned by Daniel Babcock and Eleazer Hub bard. He had four sons and three daughters. The boys were Levi, Ezra Tyler and Rufus. Levi was a soldier in the Revolution and passed the greater part of his life in town. Ezra moved to Canada. Tyler lived on the place now occupied by his son, Joseph P. Ball, who has been more than forty years justice ofthe peace, and six times sent to the Legislature. Tyler died in 1828. Rufus Ball removed to Corinth and died there. Joseph Patrick settled first on the place now occupied by Henry Jackson and afterwards where Eleazer Hubbard lives, where he ended his days. Ira and Seth Patrick are his grartdsons. Asa Wood made a settlement in " North HoUow." Moses King located on the farm now occupied by Zeba Lamb. Ransom Beckwith settled in South Hollow, where Leonard Beart now lives. 464 History of Addison County. Joel Rice, from New Hampshire, made his clearing on the road to Warren in " North HoUow," on the place where his son, Denison Rice, and his grandson N- D. Rice, now live. Mrs. Rufus M. Hubbard was a granddaughter of Joel Rice. Daniel King settled on the farm now occupied by John A. Vinton, Thomas King's residence was on the site now occupied by Zeba Lamb. Isaac Parker, already mentioned as being instrumental in the change of the name of the town, lived where Christopher C. Hubbard now lives, A. X. Parker, the present member of Congress froin Potsdam, N. Y., is his son, and was born on that farm. Jonathart Lamb settled in "South Hollow" on the farm now owned by Augustus F. Vinton. His cousin, Amos Lamb, was the progenitor of nearly all of those bearing the family name now living in towrt. Peter Thatcher lived in " South Hollow," where Frank S. Ellis now resides ; Mrs. Ellis is a grand daughter of Thatcher James Parker, brother of Isaac, established a residence on the present farm of Eleazer Hubbard. Eli Lewis located in " North Hol low," on the place now occupied by Cynthia Goodenow; Newman Scarlet, on the place where A. N. Briggs lives ; Nathan Sterling, ort the farm now in the hands of Ira and Seth Patrick. He was what is called "a character," and used to relate, amoug other canards, that he had bent his gun-barrel and shot quail around his hay-stack. Phineas Lee lived on the place now occupied by Royal Sturdevant. Enos Parker, a distant relative of Isaac Parker, settled where John McDonald now lives. Oliver Wood lived in "North Hollow." Timothy Wade made his clearing on the land now occupied by H. J. Spear. Arna Hub- tard came about 1830 to the place now occupied by Joseph Flint His son, Rufus M., now a prominent citizen of the town, held the office of town clerk for seventeen years following 1867. The early industries of the towrt were not very numerous nor very exten sive. The inhabitants were busy clearing and cultivating their farms, building their rude log houses, and caring for their stock. Taverns were opened, in deed, agreeably to the hospitable nature of our forefathers ; nearly every pri vate house was not infrequently converted for a night into a home for the way faring man. About the earliest tavern here was kept by Eleazer Kendall in the house now occupied by Royal H. Bostwick, It is not known positively who received the first appointment as postmas ter, but one of the earhest incumbents was Uriah, son of Joel Rice. Succeed ing him have been Warren Hayden, L. A. Abbott, A. W. Albee, A. G. Allen and F. B. Dimmick, who held the office from about 1868 to the faU of 1885, when W. S. Whitney received the appointment. The only hotel now in town was built about ten years ago by the present owners, D. H. Whitney & Sons. L. L. Udall has acted the part of mine host since April, 1882. D. H. Whitney & Sons also own the only store building now open in Granville. Leckner & Udall, who own the stock, have been in the building sirtce the opening of spring, 1882. Town of Granville. 465 The principal industry in this entire vicinity is the lumber interest Gran viUe has no grist-miU, owing, no doubt, to the proximity of the exceUent mill at Rochester The saw-mills in town are the following : TarbeU's saw-mUl, in East Granville, built by the presertt proprietor, Daniel Tarbell, about 1855, which cuts, it is said, not less than 300,000 feet of lumber per year; W. S. Whitney's mill, at "The Center," which was almost rebuUt in the faU of 1885, and which manufactures about 300,000 feet of lumber, 150,000 eave-spouts, and large quantities of chair-stock, fork and hoe-handles, per annum ; the clapboard and circular saw-miU, on White River, owned by the Northfield Savings Bank and operated by A. S. & A. C. Ralph; D. D. Hemenway's wooden bowl factory, situated at the vUlage, erected in 1879 by R. N. Hemen way, and consuming 75,000 feet of lumber annually irt the manufacture of wooden bowls ; the shingle and clapboard-mill owned and operated by New man D. Rice and Aldus HUl, established as a shingle-mill in 1879; (steam power has lately been added, greatly increasing the capacity of the factory) ; and the clapboard-mill of George Brooks and A. A. Hanks, in the north part of the towrt, started about three years ago. Irt the War of the RebeUiort, GranviUe, surrounded as she is by the " Old Gray Mountains of the North," sent forth her hardy sons to aid in crushing the destructive forces which aimed at the dissolution of the Union. The fol lowing are the names of those who enlisted in Vermont organizatiorts : Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863: V. W. Albee, D. C. Bailey, O. Berean, J. Becotte, P. Burke, E. C. Butier, J. A. Cady, E. J. Chase, E. Clough, C. W. Cooley, W. O. Cochran, J. Devine, R. Devine, O. Dumas, D. EUis, S. Garrow, E. W. Harvey, J. H. Highlen, C. L. Jones, J. Kerr, R. E. Lamed, J. Patton, P. P. Ripley, N. B. Stark, C. St John, M. Stowe, A. Thurston, J. Tracy, H. Wood, M. Wood, H. P. Worcester Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls: Volunteers for three years. — J. B. Aldrich, H. A. Bacon, C. Bedell, E. Church, W. B. Cobb, W. V. Eastman, B. Edwards, A. A. Ford, J. H. Ford, J. Ingleston, O. E. Kennedy, H. J. Russ, C. Sherman, jr, C. St John, jr, N. C. Swan. Volunteers for oue year. — S. Crortk, E. Dillon, G. W. Fisher, A. Kemp, R. Maxwell, S. Maxwell, H. T. J. Royce. Volunteer re-enlisted. — R. E. Earned. Not credited by name. — Two men. Volunteers for nine months. — M, B. Morehouse, W. Rhodes, O. T. Tucker, S. C. Webster, G. N. Wright Furnished under draft — Paid commutation, N. A. Robinson, H. J. Smith, H. Wood, J. Wood, jr. Procured substitute, A. F. Vinton. 466 History of Addison County. The town boasts of having no lawyers and but one physiciart. Dr. J. R. Hamhn, who came here three or four years ago, and has won an extensive ride^ He practices homoeopathy. The town officers of Granville elected in March, 1885, are as follows: John A. Vinton, moderator; E. F. Briggs, town clerk; H. C. Hubbard, A. F. Ken nedy, L. Webb, selectmen; S. F. Hubbard, town treasurer; George E. Wolson, overseer of the poor; E. F. Briggs, constable and collector; John G. Wolson, Henry E. Farr, L. Webb, jr., listers; R. J. Flint, E. F. Briggs, W. S. Whitney, auditors; S. F. Hubbard, trustee of surplus moneys; O. C, Briggs, W. S. Whit ney, C. Dowdell, fence viewers; Allen J. Lamb, town agent; R. J. Flint, super intendent of schools; Fred A. Lewis, John A. Vinton, L. Webb, jr., road com missioners (the first ever elected in this town). The following figures indicate the steady growth in population of the town from the taking of the first census in 1791 to the last in 1880: 1791, 181; 1800, 185; 1810, 324; 1820, 328; 1830, 403; 1840, 545; 1850, 603; i860, 720; 1870, 726; 1880, 830. The educational status of the town may readily be inferred from the state ment that there are here ten school districts, and a well-attended school in each district. Ecclesiastical. — The only active church organization now in town is of the Methodist Episcopal persuasion, and was formed in 1871 by the first pastor, Rev. W. J. Kidder. The original membership numbered only seven persons. In 1876-77 they erected a substantial house of worship at a cost of $2,446, which was burned in December, 1882. They now own the old Uniort meet ing-house which was erected in 1838, and rebuilt in 187 1. Rev. William H, Dean is now their pastor. CHAPTER XXIII. HISTORY OF THB TOWN OF HANCOCK. HANCOCK, the most southeasterly town in Addison county, is bounded on the north by Ripton and Granville, on the east and south by Windsor county, and on the west by Goshen and Riptort. It was granted on the 7th of November, 1780, and chartered July 31, 1781, by the State of Vermont to Samuel Wilcox and one hundred and twenty-nirte associates. It originaUy contained about 23,040 acres, but on the 28th of October, 1834, and again on the 1st of November, 1847, a small portion was set off to Rochester. The sur face is very urteven and mountainous; a great portion is so much so as to be unfit for cultivation. The drainage is formed by the West Branch of the White Town of Hancock. 467 River artd its tributaries. Leicester and Middlebury Rivers both rise in the western part of this town. These streams furnish excellent mill sites, most of which are occupied. About a mile east from the western border is a natural curiosity in the shape of a pond situated on the top of a mountain and accessi ble only by steps. It is called Mount Vernon Pond and is about half a mile in diameter. In the valleys and along the principal streams, Hancock possesses some very fine alluvial land upon which are grown wheat, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, potatoes and hay. Among its exports, sugar and wool take the precedence. The timber on the highest summits is chiefly spruce aud hem lock, and in other portions beech, maple, birch, oak, etc., predominate. Settlement was begun in Hancock in 1788, by Joseph Butts, from Canter bury, Cortrt., Daniel Claflin, from New Salem, and John Bellows, from Dalton, Mass., with their families. After that the population increased quite rapidly. During the same year Zenas Robbins, Levi Darling, and several other young men came here and began to make clearings. In 1791 the town had fifty-six inhabitartts. The following named were settlers who came to town before 1 800, with their place of settlement where that could be ascertained. Esias Butts owned the property now chiefly in the hands of E. DarUng, and embracing the hotel property of the widow of John E. Wright He owned, indeed, nearly aU the west side of the vUlage on the north side of the Branch. Daniel Claflin and his relatives of the same name settled about a mile north of the site of the village. A part of their land is now owned by John B. Dar ling. Zenas Robbins lived a mile west of the viUage on the farm now owned by his grandson, Charles M. Robbins. Levi Darling located half a mile north of the viUage on the place now owned by his son Ehud. He came from Massachusetts in 1790. He was twice married and had a family of nine children, all but one of whom, Ehud, are dead. Ehud was born March 1 6, 1 804, married Elmira Bradford, and has two children, Mary J. and John B. Ehud represented the town in 1866, '6"], and '78, and has held all the other town offices, having been justice of the peace for more than forty years. Noah Cady settled about one and a half miles northwest from the village on the farm now owned by Philander Carey. Dr, Darius Smith lived on the site now occupied by George V. Wilson, in the village. Charles Church owned the hotel property after Esias Butts. Samuel Dolbear lived one and one-half miles from the village on the Mid dlebury road, where Hiram R. Perry now owns. His brother Nathan settled about half a mile west of him. Warrert settled first on the first farm over the line in Granville, and at a later date came to a place two miles west of the village, off the main road. 468 History of Addison County. Eber Howland located about half a mile south of the village. He was sworn as a freeman in 1795. WiUiam Gumming, sworn as a freeman in 1796, settled two miles west of the village, away from the main road, on the farm now owned by Ehud Darling. Ezra Washburn was a freeman first in 1 798. He hved in the extreme south part of the town. Peltiah Safford, who took the freeman's oath in 1801, lived in the extreme west part of the town, between the mountains. William Andrus, his contemporary, lived about eighty rods west of the vU lage, on the place now owrted by William Church. Abraham Lacca lived across the road east of the hotel. John Andrus lived where his brother William lived, and also on the Nathan Dolbear farm. Other settlers whom the writer has not succeeded in locating were Edward Cleveland, Denrtis Buckford, David Safford, Jouathart Lacca, Jeremiah Sim- morts, Daniel Austin, Nathaniel Barnard, Abner Lord and Nathan Barker The first town meeting was held on the i8th of Jurte, 1792, at the house of Joseph Butts, when the following officers were chosen : Moderator, Joseph Butts ; town clerk, Zenas Robbirts ; selectmen, Daniel Claflirt, John Bellows, James Claflin ; town treasurer, Nathan Dolbear ; constable, Noah Cady ; select men, chosen listers ; town grand jurors, Samuel Dolbear and Eliphalet Farnam ; highway surveyors, Nathan Dolbear, Joseph Butts, jr.; tithingmart, John Bel lows; coUector, Daniel Claflin. At the second meeting held at the same place on the first Tuesday of Sep tember, 1792, it was, among other things, voted to maintain a school in town by a tax, and " to raise the sum of Four Pounds, L. M., to be paid in Wheat at the rate of four shiUings per Bushel for the Benefit of the school," Noah Cady, Nathan Carpenter and Daniel Claflin beirtg chosert a committee to lay out said money. On the 4th of June, 1793, it was voted to accept the road from Rochester line to Kingstort (Grartville), artd then from the Branch bridge (now in the vil lage) to " Chaping's Crotch." At the same meeting a vote was passed to raise four shillings tax on the " pools " (poll) to be paid in work in the western district, on or before the last day of September next. Voted also to work a day by the " pool " on the burying-yard under the direction of the selectmen. On the 4th of March, 1794, voted to raise eight shUUngs on the "pole," to be paid in work, for buUding a school-house in said towrt. Such was the nature of the public action of the town. There was no occa sion for the passage of many votes or the expertditure of much mouey. Pri vate business always precedes the organized effort of communities, and bears TomTn of Hancock. 469 to it nearly the relatiort of cause and effect. Private enterprise in Hancock at the openirtg of the present century had attaiued the proportions of to-day. The first saw-miU in town was built by Zenas Robbins about three-quarters of a mUe west of the village, near the site of Simon Harlow's present miU, but a little above it He also had a grist-miU there. Stephenson & Hawley built and for some time operated a tannery near the Branch bridge in the village, on the south side of the bridge and on the east side of the road. It was finally burned. Moses IngaUs had a small one near the Church mill, and John Lord kept a tavern where Mr Rhodes now lives. Other early taverns were kept, one by Reuben Lamb on the place now oc cupied by Solomon Dunham ; one by Dr. Darius Smith where George V. Wil son now lives. One of the Claflins also kept a tavern, on the mountain west of the village, in the same house now occupied by Mr. Manning. The hotel now kept open for the accommodation of guests was built about the year 1808 by Esias Butts, who was followed about 18 14 by Charles Church, grandfather of Mrs. E. C. Wright, the present proprietress. He was followed in the proprietorship by John Rhodes, Colonel Hackett, Frank Hackett, Royal Flint and Harvey, his sort, Loren Baker, now of Ripton, Mr. Chamberlin, and John E. Wright from about 1865 until his death in May, 1881, since when his widow, Mrs. E. C. Wright, has kept it The house will comfortably accommo date twenty-five guests. The extreme rural location of this town and the absence of any large vil lage confine its history to brief statistics. The inhabitants have always been industrious, frugal and patriotic. They performed their part well in the late war, sending to the front the following hst of volunteers in Vermont organiza tions : Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : J. T. Austin, O. L. Beckwith, E. M. Bull, J. G. Burk, O. Byron, F. S. Chatterton, M. R. Claflin, W. M. Cleveland, D. B. Field, L. Gilson, E. E. Hop kins, J. Hunt, H. Kemp, O. Kemp, G. KendaU, H. C. Kidder, J. Kirkpatrick, A. McCoUom, J. A. Page, R. E. Page, H. S. Quimby, O. Robinson, J. E. Sar gent, T. P. Sargent, B. F. Ward, J. Watson. Credits under caU of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls : Volurtteers for three years. — J. H. Church, M. R. Claflin, N. L. Claflin, C. V. FUnt, J. H. FuUer, O. T. Tucker Vounteer for one year. — W. S. King, Volunteer re-enlisted. — R. E. Page. Volunteer for nine months. — H. R. Perry. Furnished under draft — Paid commutatiort, T. B. Martin, jr, A. Page. Entered service, H. Alexander 470 History of Addison County. The fluctuations in the population of the town are shown in the following table : 1791, 56; 1800, 149; 1810, 311 ; 1820, 442; 1830, 472; 1840,455; 1850, 430; i860, 448; 1870, 430; 1880, 382. CHAPTER XXIV. HISTORY OF THB TOWN OF LEICESTER. LEICESTER is situated in the southern part ofthe county, and is bounded on the north by SaUsbury ; on the east by Goshen ; on the south by Brandon, in Rutland county, and on the west by Whiting. The surface of the town, except in the eastern part, is moderately level, decUning into low, marshy land along the Leicester River and a part of Otter Creek. The most elevated points are the summits of Bald Mountain and Mount Pleasant, the former tak ing up nearly the entire surface of the eastern part of the town, and the latter occupying a considerable portion to the north. It follows that the scenery is varied, and in many respects beautiful. Lake Dunmore, extending south from Salisbury to nearly the center of the eastern part of the town, is known far and wide for the sparkling beauty of its waters and the grandeur of the grim and stately evergreens which stand like sentinels upon its shores. East of this is artother lakelet no less beautiful, called Silver Lake, from the silvery whiteness of the sand which glistens in its depths, and the limpid clearness of its waters. It rests among the mountains fourteen hundred feet above sea level, and one thousand feet higher than the surface of Lake Dunmore. Its diameter measures about a mile. Little Pond, south of Dunmore, and Mud Pond, west of the same, are small bodies, which do not detract from the beauty of the place. The principal streams are Otter Creek, which forms a part of the western boundary of the town, and Leicester River, which flows south westerly from the center of the northern boundary into Otter Creek. The soil is a rich, sandy loam, interspersed with some flats of clay, and along the streams valuable tracts of intervale, though towards the east, on approaching the mountains, it becomes harder and less productive, and more adapted to grazing than cultivation. The town was chartered by the royal governor of New Hampshire, Ben ning Wentworth, on the 20th of October, 1761, to Aaron Brown artd sixty-six associates, in seventy-two shares, to contairt the regular towuship area of 23,- 040 acres. In common with the experience of the original grantees of nearly all the towns in Vermont, the proprietors of Leicester failed to find the required number of acres within the limits of their town. The first surveys were nat- Town of Leicester. 471 urally often grossly inaccurate. The same right was too frequently granted more than once and to different persons. A controversy was in this manner engendered with SaUsbury concerrting land titles, productive for years of a bit ter and litigious animosity. The gist of the difficulty, after the elimination of all individual grievances, was briefly as foUows : Previous to the issuing of the grartts of Salisbury and Leicester, Middlebury on the north had been granted and its limits located, and Brandon, in Rutland county, on the south, by the name of Neshobe, leaving a distance of about eight miles between the two. This tract, probably from an imperfect knowledge of the geography of the county, was granted to both Leicester and Salisbury, allowing each an area of six miles square. Priority of charter would, as a matter of course, have at once determined which should have the precedence ; but when it came to this it was claimed by Salisbury, whose charter bore date nearly a month later, that the date of the Leicester charter had been surreptitiously changed. Litigation foUowed litigation for about twelve years, during which time one party would raise a crop and another claimant clandestinely reap it, aU tending to have a bad moral effect, and greatly retarding the settlement of the town. But finally, on April 18, 1796, a committee from this town, consisting of John Smith, Ben jamin Garfield and Joseph Woodward, met a committee from Salisbury, and the affair was amicably adjusted, the dividing line being settled upon as it now exists. Here ended the controversy, restoring harmony and giving to each town about 16,000 acres. Settlements. — For about thirteen years after the granting of its charter the town remained an unbroken wilderness, uninhabited save by untamed beasts. As early as 1774 Jeremiah Parker and his son, Jeremiah, jr, and Samuel Daniels, from Massachusetts, after having inspected the territory, moved their families here. Parker settled on a large tract of land, embracing the farm now owned and occupied by Peter WUson. They had for several summers previous worked ou the land and returned to their families in the fall. Jeremiah Parker, jr., it is said, remained alone on his land one winter, for the purpose of caring for his cattle, with no neighbor nearer than Middlebury or Pittsford. Jeremiah Parker and his sort were captured by the Indians during the Revolutionary War, and his son taken to Crown Point. The father was released because of deafness. The family returned to Massachusetts until after the war. Samuel Daniels was killed during this period in a skirmish with Indians. It is related by Leonard D. Jenrty that during the progress of the first town meeting Jere miah Parker, then an old man of seventy-five winters, wagered a gallon of brandy with the youug men, who happened to be engaged in a leaping contest, that he could out-jump them all. The wager was accepted ; whereupon the old athlete leaped lightly over a string extended the height of his head — and won the brandy, Leonard D. and Ebenezer B. Jenny, both life-long and honored residents 472 History of Addison County. of Leicester, are grandsons of Jeremiah Parker. He was three times married, and had six children by his first wife ; after the lapse of eighteen years follow ing her death he married again, and had seven children by his second wife, among them being Chloe, mother of L. D. artd E. B. Jenny ; then there was an interim of ten years between the death of his second and the marriage of his third wife. Chloe Parker was but eleven years of age when her mother died, and had never been to school, but the early and assiduous teaching which she had received at home prepared her so well that she was capable of teaching- almost immediately after her mother died. The first school-house stood south of the site of the present school-house in Jerusalem. Captain John Smith came before the organization of the town from Whit ing, and became the first representative in the State Legislature from his adopted towu. He lived ort the Middle Road where the widow of William Alden now lives, and was for a great many years a justice of the peace, and was noted for his remarkably correct judgment on questions of law. He was twice married. He ran a cider-miU on his farm. Captain Thomas Sawyer, or " Colonel," as he was also called, although prominently mentioned in the early records of this town, was more properly a resident of Salisbury village, and used to raft his sawn lumber down Leicester River to Otter Creek, and thence to Middlebury. To suit his convenience he altered the course of Leicester River at its mouth. He entertained the pecul iar religious belief that the souls of men were re-embodied and placed on earth again in a thousand years, and therefore refused to deed away his property,. merely giving a lease for nine hundred and ninety-nine years, with how little consistency need not be observed. He was a soldier of both the French and English and Revolutionary Wars. He lived almost on the southern boundary of Salisbury. Samuel Daniels, mentioned before as being a contemporaneous settler witli Jeremiah Parker, located on the farm now owned by his grandson, Augustus. Daniels, in "Jerusalem." He had a large family. Mrs. Miles Storer, of this town, and Harry Daniels, of Salisbury, are also grandchildren of Samuel. Joseph Woodward took up the farm which Colonel Sawyer had owrted, now owned by L. D. Jenny and Moses B. Ferson, and occupied by the latter. He built the old barn still standing on the place, artd part of the house. He after ward kept tavern in the old red house on the east road now owned by Frank Chandler, which in those days was a famous stage-house, but he did not meet with success. John Bullock afterward kept a "still" and sold whisky at that place. John Fife, a Scotchman, came to Leicester " when the country was new," and married a daughter of Judge Strong. He lived in "Jerusalem," on the farm now occupied by Mrs. Grosvenor. The town line between Salisbury and Leicester ran between his house and barn, bringing the former within the town. of Salisbury. He was taken away by the fatal epidemic of 1813. Town of Leicester. 473 Daniel Fish ran a cider-mUl, and had an immense orchard on the farm now owned and occasionally occupied by the widow of Stephen Aldert. He was a short, thick-set man, and lived to be nearly ninety years of age. He died not far from 1830. Benjamin Garfield settled, lived, and died on the place now owned and oc cupied by Leonard D, Jertny, his first house standing a few feet in front of the site of the present house. He had a family of six boys, Benjamin, Joshua, Samuel, Salmon, Daniel, and one other. Samuel was six feet and seven or eight inches in height. Benjamin, jr., built the house in which Mr. Jenny now lives, in about 1815. Peter White was an early settler near the Sahsbury line, on the road lead ing to Lake Dunmore. Aaron Esty located on the site of the house now occupied by Luther Bar ker, rtear the Leicester River bridge, and ran a ferry there. The old highway was on the west side of Otter Creek to this point Esty wrought two pine logs into a boat which would transport horses across the stream, and another for the accommodation of foot passengers. About the year 18 14 or 18 15 he sold out and made a visit to a son in Western New York, remaining until he had passed his ninetieth year. He then came back and lived with another son, John Esty. He died July 31, 1844, aged ninety-eight years and six months. Among his descendants stUl hving in town are Mrs. Luther Barker and Will iam Esty, grandchildren. Nathaniel Cook, of the family of Dr Elkanah Cook, hereafter mentioned, was a man of a military turn of mind. He lived on the farm now occupied by George Field. Joseph Capron settled very early on a tract of land since " pieced up," but comprising -the south end of the old Fish farm, part of the William Alden place, and the farm of Edward Paine. He was twice married and had a large family of children. Benjamirt Whitman was an early settler on the farm now owned by Charles Fish, about one mile south of Salisbury village. John Barker came to Leicester toward the latter part of the last century, and located on the farm including the site of the present school-house in " Je rusalem." Julius Barker, his great- grandsort, now lives on a part of the old homestead. He died in 1818. He served in the Revolution and War of 1812. His widow. Prudence, died on the 5th of December, 1846, aged ninety-nine years and nine months, having attained the greatest age of any person ever resident irt the town. Judge Henry Olin lived in a house which stood just across the road from the present residence of Mrs. Addie Armstrong, south of the corner of the road from the junction, and the north and south road in which it ends. Henry Olirt was born in Shaftsbury, May 7, 1768. He was a son of Jus- 474 History of Addison County. tice Olin. His mother's maiden name was Sarah Dwinnell. His father, as well as his grandfather, Henry, was a native of Rhode Island, in which State, at East Greenwich, his great-grandfather, John Olin, the first ancestor of the name in America, settled in 1678. Hon. Gideon Ohn, of Shaftsbury, was an uncle of the subject of this sketch. Judge Olin settled in Leicester about the year 1788. His parents followed some years later and ended their days in Leicester His early literary advan tages were but moderate. On account of his unwieldy size and awkward manner the people of his adopted town were not at first much prepossessed in his favor. But his native wit, shrewdness and sound sense soon rendered him a general favorite. He was chosen a member of the Legislature of 1799, and was twenty-one times re-elected. He was first chosen an assistant judge of the County Court in 1801, which office he held eight, and that of chief judge fifteen years, making twenty-three years of uninterrupted service upon the bench. He was chosen a State councUor in 1820 and '21, a member of Con gress in 1824, to complete the unexpired term of Hon. Charles Rich, deceased, and three consecutive years, from 1827, lieutenant-governor of the State. His popularity at home rose so high that at one election he had nearly the unani mous vote of his fellow townsmen for governor. In politics he was a Jeffer sonian Democrat and a modern Whig, and in religion a zealous Methodist He removed to Salisbury in the spring of 1837, and died there on the i8th of August following. His ashes repose in the graveyard in the town in which he spent most of his life, and in whose affairs he bore a far more conspicuous part than any other man has ever done. His father, mother and first wife are all interred near him. Judge Olin was twice married, first in 1788, to Lois Richardson, one of a family of twelve children, who all lived to mature age, and were all members of a Baptist Church in the east part of Cheshire, Mass. By her he had nine children — two sons and seven daughters — who reached mature age, and two sons who died in infancy. Among the former were the celebrated Dr. Stephen Olin, and Mrs. Moses Wright, mother of Rev. Moses Emory Wright, who was born and reared in Leicester, and graduated at Wesleyan University, Middle- town, Conn., in 1853. Judge Olin's second wife was a Widow Barnum, whose maiden name was Polly Sanford. In physical proportions the judge was almost gigantic. He was the oracle of the community, and his conversation the charm of any company in which he happened to be.^ Joseph Swinington, from Massachusetts, came to Leicester at an early day, and settled on the place now owned by his grandson, George O. Swinington. The dweUing house stUl standing ort the place was built iri 1801. Leonard D. Jenny was born on the 23d of February, 1800, in the house 1 Taken substantially from Miss Hemenway's Vermont Historical Magazine. Town of Leicester. 475 built by Jeremiah Parker. His father, Ebenezer Jertny, bought the farm next north of Samuel Daniels, and after abiding there for a year or two sold out and went to live with his father-in-law, Jeremiah Parker, in "Jerusalem." He had a family of eight boys and two girls, of whom only four boys are living. Leonard D. Jenny married Helena M., daughter of David Merriam, an early settier of Brandort, on the first day of June, 1836. They have no children. He bought his present farm of L. C. Remelee, in 1833. Ebenezer B. Jenrty, brother to Leonard D., was born June 15, 1804. On the 15th of December, 1834, he married Sarah Ann Kelsey, of Brandon. They have two children living, a daughter in Malone, N. Y., and a son, Burt, in Bennington. On the 15th of December, 1885, they had a golden wedding, which was as pleasant an affair as it is unusual. Stephen Sparks, from Connecticut, one of the earliest settlers in Leicester, located on the farm now owned and occupied by his grandson, George Sparks, the title having never departed from the family. George Sparks, son of Stephen Sparks, jr., was born on this place May 7, 1824. Samuel Ranno, one of the substantial men of the town, came to Leicester from Salisbury in 1852. He bought his present place in 1865. He was born in Tunbridge, Vt, in 1809. Early Physicians. — Though there are at the present day no physicians in town, there have been practitioners here in the past who are still remembered for their services. The first physician in town, Dr. Elkanah Cook, lived on the farm now owned by George Field, a few rods north of Leonard Jenny's. He was a self-taught botanic physician of considerable skiU ; an upright and esti mable man. " He was a stout, resolute man, with but Uttle education, but possessed of sound judgment, and exercised considerable skill in bone-setting and other surgical operations. There being no roads, he would take a pine torch and travel through the woods to visit the sick at all hours in the night, often the distance of six or eight miles, and no stormy weather ever hindered him. Such hardships, however, destroyed his health. He died August 27, 1815, aged seventy-seven years, but appeared much older'' Dr. Burr practiced some time here after Dr. Cook. He lived on the east road. He was a very eccentric man and drank a good deal, but had the good sense to suspend his practice while drunk. Timothy Alden, though not a licensed physician, used to have quite an extended ride in town. Dr. William Gile, who served the town many years as clerk, had a large practice here for many years. He Uved on the same place occupied before him by Dr Cook. Town Organization. — The town of Leicester was organized on the 29th of March, 1786, at a meeting held at the house of Captain Thomas Sawyer The warnirtg was signed by Dr. Elkanah Cook, John Smith, Thomas Sawyer, 476 History of Addison County. Asa Bacon, Elisha White and Solomon Bigelow. The following officers were then and there chosen : Captain Thomas Sawyer, moderator; Ebenezer Child, town clerk; Captain Thomas Sawyer, Captain John Smith, and Ebenezer Child, selectmen ; Eli Brown, constable ; Joseph Woodward, Elias Chamberlain, Johrt Kepner, list ers ; Captain John Smith, Isaac Scott, Samuel Kendall, Asa Bacon, James Lafler, Solomon Storer, and Abel Johnson, surveyors of highways. Owing to some technical defect in the method adopted in warning this first town meeting, the General Assembly passed an act, October 22, 1804, at Rut land, to the foUowing effect, that " Whereas, it has been represented that the first town meeting of Leicester had not been warned comformably to law, and the record of votes and proceedings had been so mutilated as to render them almost useless," and that the record of the March meeting for 1791 was lost, " which may greatly confuse the public concerns and private interests in said tOWrt, " Resolved, that such first meeting be declared valid, that the selectmen, clerk, and officers be declared then invested with due power and authority, and that Salathiel Bump and Reuben Sexton, of Salisbury, be appointed a com mittee to examine after oath the transcribed records of such meetings and certify to their correctness." At this same first town meeting the following questions were passed upon : " Voted to raise one shilling on ye pound for the purpose of mending the highway. Voted to aUow 3 shillings and 6 pence per day for [labor] on the highways and 2 shillings for i yoke of oxen per day. Voted to desolve the meeting. Recorded March 30th, A. D., 1786, "Ebenezer Child, T. Clerk." At a meeting held on the fourth Monday of March, 1787, the following was a part of the proceedings recorded : " Voted to accept the Two roads lade through the town lade out by Capt. Smith, Capt. Sawyer, Ebeu'r Child, selectmen ; one of the roads leads from Brandon line by Capt. Sawyers^ to the north end of the town. The other road is from the north end of the town over Leicester River, by the Islartd, as may appear by the surveys." The March meeting for 1788 was held at the house of "Ensign" Joseph Woodward, John Daggett subscribing the records as town clerk. It was voted, among other things, that the " town be divided into four districts for the pur pose of building pounds ; " one pound to be situated " near Esquire Smith's ; " one near the cross-roads entering the road by James Nichol's ; one near Sam uel Kendall's, and one near Calvin Chamberlin's. These brief and unique extracts depict almost without explanation the 1 This reference indicates that Captain Sawyer lived at this early date within the defined limits of Leicester. Town of Leicester. 477 state of the community toward the close of the last century. All internal improvements were incipient ; everything was new ; the roads, some of them, were not completed, and were difficult to travel. The industry of the people was devoted chiefly to the clearing of land, the improvement of farms and of the houses of the inhabitants. The town, having no mill privileges to speak of, has never been remarkable for the number of its factories or mills. Stores abounded, however, in former days, even more than at present, when com munication with the larger villages is so easy. A Mr. Langley kept a store in "Jerusalem" in the early years of this century — "a pocket concern," as Leon ard D. Jenny, our informant, describes it. He used to buy the greater portion of his goods in Rutland. His system of book-keeping was peculiar, consisting of a brief memorandum written with chalk on the wall of the salesroom of all sales Ort credit, etc. One day when the wall was well filled with these charges, and while Mr. Langley was at Rutland replenishing his stock, his wife, who had conceived the idea of house-cleaning, in a moment of forgetfulness, washed off the marks. Of course there was something of a scene when her " lord and master" returned and told her that she had undone him. She made the best of the matter, and suggested the feasibility of replacing the Items from mem ory, which he accordingly attempted to do. When he had finished he gazed a moment with extreme satisfaction upon his work, and observed to his wife that, "although he had not been able to remember all the debtors, he had remembered all the debts, and had charged them to better men." Benjamin Merriam had a store before 1820 at the Corners. Captain John Smith kept one on the east road for ten or fifteen years, but finally removed to Forestdale and built the first furnace at that place. Of course a shoe shop was almost a necessity sixty years ago. Leonard D. Jenny kept such a concern at the Corners nearly all the time from 1822 to 1833, and employed several journeymen there in the falls and winters. His shop first stood on the site of A. E. Stanley's present house, and was afterward moved across the road. Parley Enos buUt a tannery as early as 1 8 1 2, on the farm now owned by Hiram Capron, and operated it untU about 1830. John Bullock had a "still " just south of the Enos tannery, and ran it from early days for marty years. At first he made whisky, but after a time cider • miUs artd orchards irtcreased to such au extent that he turned to the manufac ture of cider-brandy. In those days this drink was only twenty-five cents a gallon. Mr Bullock was quite a prominertt man, having served some time as the representative of the town. His stUl was operated without a break until not far from 1840. Epidemic of 18 13, etc. — The epidemic of 18 13 was unusually severe in Leicester The first victim of the dread disease was a soldier of the War of 181 2, who was on his way home on a furlough. He was taken ill while in 31 478 History of Addison County. Leicester, and was placed in the house and under the care of Dr. Gile. His throat and tongue were terribly parched and swollen. He died within twenty- four hours. Jonas Barker died of it Mr. White, then town clerk (living on the east road), and his wife both died of it, the husband, who died in the morn ing, surviving his wife but a few hours. They left six children. The first one that recovered from it was Joseph Knowlton. His case was exceedingly severe, but from the beginning he refused to call a doctor. Everybody accused him of folly and predicted a speedy and horrible death, but he recovered. From that time the disease graduaUy disappeared. The cold season of 1 8 1 6 was another period of hardship. There was a frost every month during the spring and summer. The " Fife boys " planted forty bushels of potatoes and dug thirty. It was too dry even for corn, which the hogs refused to eat. Many families had hard work to make both ends meet, but there was little positive suffering. Military. — The town was scarcely settled enough when the Revolutionary War broke out to furnish many men for the armies or many incidents for his tory. The capture of Jeremiah Parker and son, and the killirtg of Samuel Daniels, the only events, have been mentioned. Many of those who afterward made the town their home, however, had borne an honorable part in the war, and are still remembered as the first patriots of the United States. A number of men went into the War of i8i2 from here. Ebenezer Jenny, father to Leonard D. and Ebenezer B., commanded a company from Leicester They took a boat from Burlington for the battle of Plattsburgh and were be calmed and unable to reach the scene, even though they were almost within view of the fight A prayer-meeting was held here for the purpose of propi tiating the Deity and securing the success of the American cause. It is said that those who would lie upon the ground and place their ear to the earth could distinctly hear the thunder of the guns. Although upon the outbreak of the Rebellion another generation of men were creating history, they proved themselves not unworthy descendants of the patriots and pioneers of earlier days. Following is a list of men who enlisted from this town in Vermont regiments : Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : W. S. Alden, A. Atwood, L. Baker, B. A. Bates, E. F, Beckford, D. W. Carr, H. C. Carr, G. O. Dow, P. E. Dow, B. N. Dyer, E. G. Estey, J, H. Esty, A. W. Flirtt, H, W, FUnt, J. Foley, J. W. G. Gibbs, R, W. Henry, N. Littie, E. Matot, J. P. Matot, O. Partiow, S. Partiow, M. H. Powers, E. Rerteau, A. A. Rosseter, L. R. Sayles, C. Stanley. Credits under caU of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls : Volunteers for three years. — C. J. Brown, L. M. Gibbs, G. Jenney, A. Nor ton, H. T. Parker, A. W. Perry, W. F. Spencer Town of Leicester. 479 Volunteers for one year — C. C. Bump, D. E. Gibsou, T. H. Green, H. MuUoy, P. H. Mumford, A. Tremblee, H. A. Wainwright. Volunteers re-enlisted. — E. F. Beckford, G. O. Dow, M. Foley. Not credited by name. — One man. Volunteers for nine months. — A. Austigan, W. Austigan, A. L. Casavan, J. V, CoUette, H. Laird, J. Murray, S. Pere, W. Powers, O. A. Sayles, W. Shaise, C. Turner. Furnished under draft. — Paid commutation, L. E. Beach, F. Dow, A. E. Stanley. Procured substitute, L. P. Barker, A. Morse, H. H. Roberts. En tered service, C. Miles, W. H. Newton. The Sheep Interest. — This town is not now ranked among the prominent sheep-growing districts of the county, though in former days considerable care was taken in the breeding and raising of sheep. Leonard D. Jenny used to keep ordinarily about one hundred and fifty head ; Adin A. and George Swin ington as many as six hundred ; and Erwin Barker and others raised them in considerable numbers. But for eight or ten years past, owing to the dullness of the wool market, and the increasing prominence of other departments of agriculture, this interest has declined. Present Town Officers. — The following officers were elected at the March meeting for 1885 : A. E. Stanley, clerk and treasurer ; Darwin Johnson, C. Brownson, M. O. Oliver, selectmen ; W. R. Stickney, constable ; I. H. Norton, superintendent of schools ; H. C. Brownson, WilUam Powers, I. H. Norton, listers ; H. N. Morse, overseer of the poor. A. E. Stanley has been town clerk of Leicester, without interruption, since the spring of 1857. Population Statistics. — The following figures show the growth in numbers of the inhabitants of Leicester from the first taking of the census to the last: 1791, 343; 1800, 522; 1810, 609; 1820, 548; 1830, 638; 1840, 602; 1850, 596; i860, 737; 1870, 630; 1880, 634. Post-offices. — The first postmaster in the town was John G. Perry, at the Corners, who received the appointment about the year 1825; while Leonard Jenny had his shoe shop there he often looked after the office for Perry. Thos. D. Witherell succeeded him not far from 1830, and remained two or three years, being followed by Dr. William Gile. Rev. Mr. Barrett then had the of fice untU his love for Uquor unfitted him for the performance of any duties, when he gave place to A. E. Stanley. William C. Derby foUowed Mr. Stanley; Mrs. D. P. Packard foUowed Derby; Mrs. W. P. Bushey followed Mrs. Packard in the faU of 1885. The first postmaster at the Junction was MrfKellogg, who received his com mission more than thirty years ago. The office and vicinity then bore the name of Whiting Station. Before this office was established the people whom it now accommodates were obUged to go to Whiting village for their mail. L. E. Hig- 48o History of Addison County. gins succeeded Kellogg, and held the office about twenty years, being succeed ed by the present incumbent, O. C. Huntley, in 1876. The hamlet known as Leicester Junction was practically built by J. E. Hig gins. The principal cause of its existence is the limestone ledge which crosses the town at this point Here, as eariy as 1852, J. E, Higgins, John B. Matot, and L. P. White built a lime kiln, and were before long succeeded by J. E. Hig gins alone. At his death the business was continued in the name of the estate by Conant & Bascom, as administrators thereof John A. Conant then man aged the klin for a time and eventually took in a partner, Charles Dennison, who afterward controlled the interest alone. The present proprietors of this kiln, J. W. Buell, of Orwell, and O. C. Huntley, who operate the kiln under the style of Huntley & Buell, succeeded Mr. Dennison June i, 1883. They turn out on an average about seventy-five barrels of lime per day. In 1850 when John B. Matot, father of E. L. Matot, and Peter Dumas ar rived at the Junction, there were no signs of a settlement here. Civilization had not asserted her empire over nature, and the woods had scarcely resounded with the blows of the axe. The only house then standing in the vicinity was the one now occupied by Ed. Mclntyre, then inhabited by John Matot Wilfred Osterguy came in 1853 and took charge of the lime kiln, and has had the actual management of the business under nearly all the proprietors. In about 1862 L. E. Higgins ran a small store on the site of Huntley's Hotel, and remained until 1869. John Remele had preceded him in a smaller way, and J. E. Higgins had kept the same store a short time before 1862. The only store now at the Junction, besides the general store of E. L. Matot, is run by M. White, who began in April, 1885. The lime kiln of George O. Swinington was built by the present propri etor and George Bascom about ten years ago. Mr. Swinington almost imme diately purchased the whole concern. The kiln produces about twenty barrels of lime daily. Huntley's Hotel was built by L. E. Higgins about 1872 for a hotel and post- office. In the spring of 1876 the present proprietor, O. C. Huntley, bought it, and increased his business. He keeps an excellent house, and has a large custom from traveling men who are glad to pay for the privilege of riding after good horses. Hotels Past and Present. — Among the hotels of the past of Leicester, is the old inn of Joseph Woodward in the house now occupied by Frank Chandler and occupied by Darwin Johnson, already mentioned. John Smith kept tavern, also, in the house now occupied by his grandson, Dana L. Smith, on the East street. The only summer hotel in town is the Silver Lake House, situated on the shore of the lake whose name it bears, owned and kept by Frank Chandler for a number of years. Mr Chandler understands his business and has won an exceUent reputation. Town of Lincoln. 481 The house at the Corners now occupied by W. C. Bushey and Mrs. Minnie Ranno was originally built as a store. OUver Wright started to buUd it, and before it was finished sold it to Dr. WiUiam Gile, who kept a hotel in it for many years. Silas Johnson succeeded him about 1845, and remained about four years. Jehiel Griswold, his successor, stayed two years; Edward Fales, about a year; Lucius Cram ton, a number of years. Dr Gile then came back and Uved in the house the rest of his days, but did not open it to the public. In 1 86 1 it was sold to Lemuel Derby, and opened the same season by his son, William C. Derby, as a store, and continued until the spring of 1882, when Emily H., wife of D. T. Packard, succeeded him. W. C. Bushey, the present occupant, keeps a general store here, but does not keep a pubhc house. Ecclesiastical. — The Methodist Church of Leicester was organized by Rev. Mitchell in 1800. An association, called the Leicester Meeting-House Society, erected a brick church in 1829, which now is used as a union church by all so cieties. The St Agnes Roman Cathohc Church, located at Leicester Junction, was organized by the present pastor. Rev. J. C. McLaughlin, October i, 1881. Dur ing this year the church building was erected, costing $1,200. It is capable of seating 250 persons, and valued, including grounds, at $1,300. The society has now fifty members. CHAPTER XXV. history of the town op lincoln.1 LINCOLN is situated in the northeasterly part of Addison county, in lati tude 44° 7' and longitude 4° 5'; bounded on the north by Starksboro, east by Warren, in Washington county, south by Ripton, and west by Bristol, and is nearly irtclosed by mountains and rugged hills. It lies on the west side of the main ridge of the Green Mountain range. On the south and west are detached portions of the same range with less elevation, and on the north are abrupt, isolated hUls. Mount Abram, more commonly known as Potatoe Hill, is a lofty and symmetrical peak on the east, just within the present limits of the town. It is 3,976 feet above the mean surface of the ocean, and com mands one of the firtest views of the surrourtding country. From its barren and rocky summit nearly the whole length of Lake Champlain may be seen, the many peaks of the Adirondacks, the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and many of the villages of Vermont and New York. On account of its alti tude and prominence it has become a popular resort for pleasure-seekers dur- 1 Written for this work by M. B. Gove, esq., of Lincoln. 482 History of Addison County. ing the summer months, and on several occasions the United States Coast Surveyors have located their signal stations upon its summit Mourtt Pleasant, or Corbin Hill, is an isolated peak in the north part of the town, which also commands a fine view of the mountains, Lake Champlain, and the villages beyond. Prospect Rock is a ledgy elevation in the southeast part, and from its top an excellent view may be had of nearly the entire town. Grant Mountairt, Cobb Hill, and Flat Top are prominent elevations of the Green Mountain range on the south. A portion of Bristol Mountain lies within the limits of the town in the southwest part. The town is broken and hilly throughout, gradually descending toward the New Haven River, which flows through the town in a northwesterly direction. This stream is replenished by Beaver Brook, having its source in the southwest part of the town, and by Belknap and Cow Brooks from the east. A Uttle below the center it is joined by Downing's Creek, a stream of considerable size, from the northeast, and at West Lincoln by the Isham Brook from the north. These streams and their small and numerous tributaries form the entire drain age. The water in them is clear and cool, their currents rapid, their bottoms stony, and are frequently broken by descending over ledges and precipices, forming many and excellent mill privileges. The soil is generally gravel and loam, and in some places muck is found. Clay exists only in the northwest part of the town, along the banks of the Isham Brook. In some parts the soil is rather sterile, and in others too rugged and rocky for arable purposes. Yet as a whole it is well calculated for farm ing, and all the crops that are indigenous in the locality are successfuUy raised, and seldom suffer from droughts. The hillsides, abounding in numerous springs and streams of water, furnish most excellent grazing. The rocks are of the talcose schist and conglomerate, and Green Mountain gneiss, containing some iron ore, manganese, and other minerals, but not in sufficient quantities to war rant working. Slate is found in the northwest part of the town on land now owned by Reuben Cowles. Some good specimens have been taken from there, that indicate that it may be valuable for roofing purposes ; but no attempt has ever been made to open a quarry. Bowlders of from several hundred pounds' weight to several tons are quite numerous in some localities. The timber, wherein lies the principal wealth of the towrt, is on the mount ains mostly spruce, while the hard woods predominate in other sections, with now and then considerable tracts of hemlock, especially in the south part of the town. The rock maple is regarded as the most valuable of the hard wood, and numerous fields or groves are preserved for the purpose of manufacturing sugar, of which many tons are annually made. The charter was granted November 9, 1780, by Governor Thomas Chitten den, in equal shares to Benjamin Simons, Ithamer Hibbard, Oliver Scott, John Town of Lincoln. 483 Manley, John Williams, Jonathan Eastman, Enoch Eastman, Calvin Eastman, Henry Hyde, Shadrick Hathaway, Jesse Spaulding, Ezra Fellows, Josiah Ter rill, Jacob Hyde, David Lee, WUliam Boardman, Noah Chittenden, Darias Chipman, Ebenezer Hyde, Joseph Bowker, Reubin Harmon, jr., Oliver Strong, Johrt Gray, Andrew Barton, WilUam Slade, Abiather Waldo, Noah Smith, Joseph Barber, Reubiu Harmon, Thomas Tolman, Elijah Fay, John Knicker bocker, Dr. John Johnson, Simeon Hathaway, Stephen Middlebrook, Zebulon Parmalee, Ezra Payne, Benjamin Fowler, Ephraim Ingraham, John Stewart, Samuel BilUngs, John Cochran, James Mead, John Mead, John Sibley, Abner Mead, Stephen Mead, jr., Timothy Miles, Nathan Manley, Stephen Eastman, Jonathan Eastman, jr., William Gage, Thomas Chittenden, David Welch, Sam uel Benton, Levi Taylor, Solomon Lee, Jonas Fay, Peter Pixly, Stephen Pearl, William Fitch, Samuel Comstock, EUsha Clark, Josiah Safford, Joshua Emmons, and William Marther. In addition to the above rights or shares, one share was drawn to the right of a county grammar school in the State, one for the settlement of a minister and ministers, one for the support of schools in said town, and one for the use of a seminary or college. The township was described in the charter as follows, viz.: "Beginning at the southwest corner of Starksboro, in the east line of Pocock, then southerly in the line of Pocock and continuing the same course six mUes, then east six mUes, or so far that turning northerly making a paraUel line with the east line of Pocock six miles, then west to the southeast corner of Starksboro, then in the line of Starksboro to the bounds begun at, containing twenty-three thou sand and forty acres." The charter was conditioned that each proprietor, his heirs or assigns, should plant and cultivate five acres of land, and build a house at least eighteen feet square on the floor, or have one family settled on each right within four years next after the circumstances of the present war will admit of a settlement with safety, on penalty of forfeiture of each respective right or share ; and if not so improved or settled, the same to revert to the freemen of the State. All pine timber suitable for a navy was reserved for the use of the State. The first meeting of the proprietors, of which there is any record, was caUed and held in accordance with the following notice : " Whereas, application has been made to me by more than one-sixteenth part of the proprietors of the township of Lincoln, in the County of Rutland, and State of Vermont, to warn a meeting of said proprietors ; these are, there fore, to warn said proprietors, that they meet at the dweUing house of Mr. Jonathart Robinson, innholder, in Bennington, on the second Tuesday of Sep tember next, at one o'clock in the afternoon, to act on the following articles, viz : " 1st To choose a Moderator " 2nd. To choose a Clerk. 484 History of Addison County. "3d. To see if the proprietors wiU vote to lay out, or make a division of the whole or any part of said township in the mode the law directs. " 4th. To transact any other business that may be for the benefit of said propriety. Dated at Bennington July 16, 1783. " Moses Robinson, Assistant" The proprietors met pursuant to the notice, and Colonel Benjamin Simons was chosen moderator, and WiUiam Slade, clerk. Noah Smith, Simeon Hath away, William Slade, John Stewart and Benjamirt Simons were chosen a com mittee and authorized to proceed and run the lines of the towrt artd lay out one hundred and five acres of the best land to each right. The five acres was an allowance for highways. The meeting, after several adjournments from time to time, convened at the dwelling house of Stephen Pearl, in Pawlet, January 13, 1784. A vote was taken at this time to raise a tax on each right of twenty-eight shillings, to be coUected by the first day of March next. It was also voted to allow any of the proprietors that were dissatisfied with their rights, to take up a hundred acre lot on any of the undivided and lay it out in such a farm, as to length and breadth, as the other lots were laid, and return a survey bill of the same to the proprietors' clerk within ten days. The meet ing adjourned again to June, and then to the third Tuesday of February, 1785. It is uncertain whether the proprietors met in February or not, as no record of arty further meetings are to be found for several years. At some time previous to July, 1794, it was discovered that the first division of lots, surveyed by the committee and drawn by the proprietors, was not within the chartered limits of the town, at least only a small portion of it. Another meetirtg was called and held at the dwelling house of Henry McLaughlin, in Bristol, on the 22d day of September, 1794, the record of which is as follows, viz.: " Bristol, the 22 September, 1794. " The proprietors of Lincoln met according to warning and acted as fol lows, viz: . " 1st. Chose John Bishop moderator to govern meeting. " 2d. Chose Henry McLaughlin proprietors' clerk. " 3d. After a strict examination, find that the lands hereafter said to be laid out in said town for a first division, was not laid in the town of Lincoln, but a smaU part of them ; therefore voted that there is no legal first division in said town. " 4th. Voted to lay out a first and second division in said town to contain one hundred and five acres to each division. Each lot to be laid in the man ner following, viz : The first division to lay on the west side of the town ; the length of said first division lots to be one hundred and sixty rods east and west, and one hundred and five rods north and south. The first division to run from north to south in said town ; the secortd division in the same manrter and form of the first. The five acres above mentioned in each lot, above one hundred acres, is an allowartce for highways. Town of Lincoln. 485 "5th. Voted that Nathaniel Dean, John Furguson and Henry McLaughUn be a committee for to superintend said business of lotting out said divisions, and that the lotting of said land be completed by the first day of July next " 6th. Voted fifteen shiUings for to defray the cost of lotting each of said lots throughout both of said divisions, except ten public lots which they are to have laid without any costs, and that Phinneas Sheldon do the work for the said proprietors for said sum of fifteen shUlings on each lot, and under the direction of the above named committee. " 7th. Voted to the foUowing persons the lots they are on in lieu of their draught, provided they are in actual settlement from and after the first day of July next, otherways they shall take no part of this our vote. The names of the settlers are as follows : Markus Hedding, Elijah Ferguson, Loren Orvis, Moses Scott, Lawrence Delong and Shuable Clark, which are the only six in town. " 8th. Voted that the meeting be adjourned untU the second Wednesday of December next, at ten o'clock A. M., to the dwelling house of Henry Mc Laughlin, in Bristol, aforesaid. " Attest Henry McLaughlin, " Proprietors' Clerk." At the adjourned meeting in December the committee chosen to lay out the first and second divisions, having completed the survey, made a report and presented a plan of the lots to the proprietors as laid out by them. Henry McLaughlin was chosen to collect the tax of fifteen shillings on each lot, as voted at the preceding meeting. It was also voted to lay out the remainder of the undivided lands in the town, and a committee was appointed to super intend the laying out of the third division. The surveying of this division was assigned to Henry McLaughlin for the sum of eighteen shillings per lot, he being the lowest bidder. This meeting was again adjourned to the second Wednesday in October, 1795. The records are silent in regard to any further meetings or transactions of the proprietors, and do not indicate that any of them ever settled on their respective rights. A few of the rights were trans ferred to the early settlers ; others were forfeited for not complying with the provisions of the charter, in settling and cultivating a certain number of acres in the given time, and for the non-payment of taxes that were assessed on each right to defray the expense of the survey. There were seventy lots in each division. In the first they are numbered from I to 70 inclusive, and in the second from 71 to 137 and from 146 to 148 inclusive. The survey and the numbering of the lots was commenced in the northwest corner of the town, and seventeen lots were surveyed and laid out, one hundred and sixty rods long east and west, and one hundred and five rods wide north and south, aloug the west line of the town, irt accordance with the vote taken at the proprietors' meeting at McLaughlin's, in Bristol, September 486 History of Addison County. 22, 1794. Then three lots were surveyed on the south line one hundred and five rods wide east and west and of sufficient length to fiU the space lying be tween the south line of the town and the south lirte of the seventeen lots north ; then running north again another seventeen lots were surveyed to correspond with the first, and so on throughout the entire division, with one exception. In running north surveying the east tier of lots in the second division, it was found that the last three lots would be located on the top of the highest part of the mountain, where the land was considered to be worthless, so they passed on seven hundred and thirty-five rods, or the width of seven lots, and then laid out the three remainirtg lots. There are twelve lots in the first and second di visions on the south line of the town that were laid out one hundred and five rods wide east and west ; all the others are regularly laid out according to the vote of the proprietors. The third division also contained seventy lots, which were mostly on the east side of the mountain, and were laid out oue hurtdred and sixty rods long east and west, by one hundred and twenty rods wide. Lots numbered from one to six in this division were laid out near the top of the mountain, in that part of the town passed by in laying out the second division. The remaining lots of this division cover a tract of land six miles long and six miles wide. Geographical Position. — The geographical position of the town, as de scribed and bounded by the charter, was such that an entire settlement under one organization would have been almost impracticable. One-third of the town was situated on the east side of the ridge of the Green Mountains, and the remaining two-thirds on the west side. The west line of the town was at that time only about one hundred and sixty rods west of the present site of the town house. The Legislature, in the faU of 1824, annexed the third division, excepting the six lots on the west side of the mountains, to the town of War ren, in Washington county, leaving the present east line of the town very near the top of the mountains. The same year an addition was made on the west side by the annexation of a tract of land one mile in width, containing 4,400 acres, from Bristol. Avery's Gore, a territory of several thousand acres, was annexed in 1848. A portion of Ripton being so situated that the inhabitants in that part could be better accommodated in their business relations by belonging to Lincoln — therefore, in 1869, a strip one and a half mUes wide, containing 4,832 acres, was also annexed. Settlements. — An account of the first settlement, for want of material wiU necessarily be very brief and incomplete. Tradition lends a helping hand, but contributes only a very Uttle. And having consulted many of the older resi dents, some of whom have memories extertding back over the past four score years or more, I am thus only enabled to arrive at a few brief facts relative to the first settlers, their privations artd hardships. The first permanent and actual settlement was made in the rtorth part of the town on what is now known as Town of Lincoln. 487 Quaker or Mud street, in March, 1795, by Loren Orvis, Lawrence Delong, Marcus Hedding, and their families. The settlement, however, was virtuaUy made duriug the summer previous by the above uamed persons, and Elijah Fergusort, Moses Scott, and Shuable Clark, who took up several rights by clear ing the land and building log houses ; but do not find any account of their fam ihes comirtg until the next spring. The proprietors at their meeting in Sep tember, 1 794, as previously stated, voted to these six individuals the rights they were on at that time, instead of the rights drawn by them, provided they were in actual settlement on and from July i, 1795. Loren Orvis settled on the first division lot No. 37, the farm now owned by Hiram Hamner. Marcus Hedding settled on lot No. 34, his log house stand ing near where the buildings now stand on the Wright place. Afterwards Hedding built a house on the opposite side of the highway, on the farm now owned by Reuben Cowles. Lawrence Delong settled on lot No. 5, which is now owned by William S. Morgan and Gabriel H. Purinton. Elijah Ferguson, Moses Scott and Shuable Clark did not permanently settle within the chartered limits of the town, or at least no evidence can be found that they ever did. Orvis, Hedding, and Delong were the only three families residing here until the spring of 1796, when James Varney settled on the farm now owned by Irvin Colby, and Samuel Eastman on the farm owned by Charles C. Lee. Jed ediah Durfey settled on the place where Elihu Purinton now lives, the same spring or following winter. Sq^nuel Brooks and Wolcott Burnham settled here in 1797, the former on the place, or very near, where the school-house now stands in District No. i. Burnham settled on the Cowles farm near his west barn. Thomas Lee settled on the farm with Samuel Eastman in 1799. Their houses stood very near the south side of the old orchard above Charles C. Lee's dwelling house. Thomas Goodrich first came into town September 10, 1799, it being his nineteenth birthday, and resided some time with Thomas Lee and Samuel Eastman, and then built a log house and settled on the farm now owned by James Butterfield. Jonathan Gove settled in that part of the town known as Gove Hill, in 1800, at which time there were only ninety-seven persons re siding in town. Chase Purintort and family came from Weare, N. H., in March, 1 803, and purchased where Jedediah Durfey settled, and is the same place where his grandson, Elihu Purinton, now resides. Asa Meader, Nathan Hoag, and Eben ezer Durfey located in the east part of the town ; the former in 1804, the lat ter in 1 80 1. They called their settlement Elder Hill, on account of the abun dant quantities of sweet elders which grew there. Nathan Hoag settled on the farm now occupied by Hiram T. Atkins, Asa Meader where Nelson Chase now lives, and Ebenezer Durfey on the farm on the opposite side of the road, Hoag and Meader kept bachelors' hall together the first year in a log house on 488 History of Addison County. Meader's place ; their wives came the following spring. James Dean settled on the farm owned by Zeno Page, and David Hayes where Nathaniel Morrell now lives, in 1795. The places were at the time of the settlement and urttil 1824 a part of Bristol, since then belortgirtg to Lincoln. The privations and hardships that the early settlers endured in settling their farms and making for themselves homes in the mountain wilderrtess cart neither be imagined nor described by those who know little or nothing of want and pri vation. The beautiful and well-cultivated fields and the green pastures of to day were then a dense forest, the unmolested home of the wild beasts, with only now and then a small clearing, in the center of which stood a log house, the home of the settler. Their houses were not the well-built ones, nor were they equal to the log houses of the present for comfort and convenience. These houses had floors, but not of planed boards ; logs were hewn on three sides artd placed closely together on sleepers or otherwise. The floors were mostly spruce, but the better ones were of hard wood. The roofs were covered with bark artd boughs. The stove, for cooking purposes and warming the house, consisted of the most rude fire-place with a pole chimuey, which was plastered ort the inside with mud or mortar. The only boards that were used in the construction of their houses were made into the front door, and gen eraUy the only one in the house. They were neither paneled nor adorned with moulding nor stained glass, but a rough cleet door with wooden latch and hinges, rarely as good as the doors of the modern stables. Boards were too expensive to be used for any other purposes, except for the doors and some of the better home-made furniture, as there were no mills in town at that time, the nearest being located at New Haven Mills, nine miles distant. The roads were mere paths, and the only one from Bristol to Lincoln was over what is knowrt as the Briggs HUl. Samuel Eastman brought what boards he used in the construction of his house, on his back from Bristol, up the great hill and over Quaker street to his home on the Lee farm, a distance of some seven miles. Thomas Goodrich also brought boards on his back from Bristol over the same road, then carrying them some three miles further over what is known as Elder Hill to his place. Samuel Eastman purchased a caldron kettle at what is now Starksboro village, and brought it home on his back over the hills. Many more incidents of the same nature might be given, iUustrating the excessive burdens and the many incortveniences and deprivations that the settlers endured. It was not all sunshine and fair weather with them during the first fifteen or twenty years of their living in the wUderness artd among the mountains. The privations and hardships that they endured would seem, for us, almost insufferable. They were not wealthy people who came here to in vest their money in wild, uncultivated lands from choice, but were mostly en ergetic and»courageous men and women, with sound minds, strortg hands, and determined wills, who were in the prime of hfe, and unable for the want of Town of Lincoln. 489 means to purchase improved land, and were compeUed from necessity to pur chase the unimproved, and by several years of hard labor cleared for them selves farms. The women were by no means slow in their duties, but were ever ready to lift a helping hand, either in their log cabin, attending to the do mestic duties, or in the out-door work, assisting their husbands in clearing land, putting- in and securing crops. Although deprived of many of the privileges and conveniences that we enjoy, they were by no means discontented or un happy. Though poor, they were in some respects more independent than many of the present time. The wool from their sheep, and the flax, were carded, woven, and made into garments in their own homes. Nearly every man was a cobbler and made the boots and shoes for the entire family. If an ar ticle was wanted that they did not possess, the Yankee ingenuity was brought into play and the thing was made, though sometimes iuelegantly constructed. Deprivation and want was their common master for a number of years, and poverty, that at times verged on starvation, constantly stared them in the face ; yet they did not falter at its ghastly countenance, nor yield in despair. Notwithstandirtg all their trials and sufferings they were social, unselfish, genial, kind, and hospitable. Their social visits were more frequent, though living longer distances apart, than at the present, and were made sources of greater joy and pleasure during the long winter evenings. They were not the owners of fine carriages and sleighs. The rude ox-sled, with its long runners hewn from some natural crook and shod with wooden shoes, was a conveyance suit able for all occasions. It was the settler's farm wagon in summer, his carriage and sleigh when the family attended meeting at the log church, or made their neighbors an evening visit. The family was snugly seated on the sled, and closely wrapped in such blankets as the household afforded, except the father or one of the older boys, whose duty it was to drive the oxen. Some of them, however, were not fortunate enough to own an ox-team, and resorted to other methods. A large hand-sled was a necessary appendant to every household, and was a substitute for the ox-sled in nearly every place in drawing the fire wood, and when drawn by the father and older boys, with the mother and smaUer children seated upon it, answered very well for making neighborhood visits of some mUes from their homes. A few incidents will not perhaps, be out of place, if narrated here to por tray some of the scenes of many years ago. During the summer of 1813, while Nathan Hoag was from home at work in haying, leaving his wife with the children to superintend the affairs gener ally, she started out for the cows one afternoon, just before sunset, leaving the three children at the house. She could hear the tinkUng of the bells at a dis tance in the dense woods. With a firm, quick step she hurried forward into the forest, without even a thought but that she would return with the cows in a few minutes. She had not gone far when the cows lay down for the night, and 490 History of Addison County. the bells ceased to ring ; but still, determined to find them, she pushed ou, and ere she was aware of it was overtaken by night. After wanderirtg about some time in hopes that she might find her way, she put up for the night and en gaged lodging in the top of a spruce tree, about fifteen feet from the ground. The children became alarmed because their mother did not return, and started for the neighbors, and met their father coming home. He took the dinner- horn and an old tin lantern, about the size of a gaUon jug, punched full of holes, giving about as much light as a score of caged fire-flies, and started in pursuit of his wife. After traveling a lortg distance, sounding the horn every few minutes, he heard a faint response coming from nearly a mile distant As he approached, the response became stronger and stronger, until he came to her lodging-place. They arrived safely at home about one o'clock the foUow ing morning. The year 1816 was a gloomy one, and is well remembered by some now Uving as the cold year. Every month was visited by a hard frost On the 6th of June the ground was frozen solid and covered with several inches of snow, which remained only a few days. The crops were quite or nearly a failure. Those who depended on what they raised for a living were somewhat anxious in regard to how they should live through the coming winter, which began before the summer was fairly ended. There was a very little rye raised, and a very small crop of potatoes, but not sufficient to carry them through one-half of the winter. Every effort to avoid suffering was made that could be. After their scanty crops were secured in the fall, the men and boys, with their axes, toiled from the early dawn to late at night in chopping down the forest trees and burning them into ashes, which were gathered, leached, and the lye was boiled down to alkaline salts. The salts, or potash, were then barreled, ready for market. 'Squire Durfey and his boys were coopers and made the barrels. Then a team or two was fitted out by the settlers and loaded with the potash, and some one or more would go with it to Troy, N. Y., or to Boston, Mass., and exchange it for flour, salt, tea, tobacco, sweetsers or maccaboy for the women, and many other necessaries, which could be attained only by purchasing. Thomas Lee often went to market with venison and partridges and exchanged them for groceries. The women were by no means indolent during this time. The mother did the weaving for the family, and wove for others whenever an opportunity occurred, and taught the daughters the very useful art of carding artd spinning wool and flax. Mrs. Esther Hoag, being very anxious to assist her husband in the support of the family through the winter, wove for a man in Ferrisburgh thirty-two yards of cloth in a hand-loom, putting in and beating up the filling, thread by thread, for one bushel of rye. She went on horseback to Ferris burgh to deliver the cloth and get the rye, carrying with her an infant only six months old (now Hon. Enos P. Hoag, of this town), and came home by a Town of Lincoln. 491 grist-mill in Starksboro to get it ground. The miller, learning how hard she had labored for it, and how very small the pay for the labor, ground it without taking toll. The woods abounded in game, the deer were plenty, rabbits and partridges were quite numerous. In nearly every house might be found the flint-lock musket, a necessary appendage to the furniture. The men and boys were trained to use it irt a practical method. Target shooting was too expensive a luxury for those times. A sight at the deer at a reasonable distance was sure death for him. They easily supplied themselves with the necessary amount of venison, and much smaller game was taken, which was made available dur ing the winter. Organization. — The settlers became sufficiently numerous in 1798 to or ganize the town. Nearly every male citizen was honored by being elected to some office at the first meeting. On the 26th day of February, 1798, a peti tion was presented by the settlers to Henry McLaughhn, of Bristol, a justice of the peace, requesting " His Honor " to warn a town meeting. The follow ing is a literal copy of the petition, warning, and proceedings of the first meet ing as they were originally recorded : " Lincoln Feb the 26 day 1798 " We the subscribers Humbly Request your Honour to worn a town meeting for the in Habitance of the town of Lincoln on the Second tuesday of March Next at the DweUing house of Jedediah Durfey in Said Lincoln. and we yours are in Duty Ever bound to Henry McLaughlin Justice of Pice in county of Addison. " Loren Orvis Lawrence Delong " Jedediah Durfey Woolcott Burnham " Samuel Eastman Demarcerios Hedding " Howland Delong John Hedding " Notifycation. " these are to worn all the inhabitance of the town of Lincoln, to Meet at the DweUing house of Jedediah Durfey in said Lincoln on the 2nd Tuesday of March in the year of our Lord 1 798 at ten oclock in the forenoon to act on the foUowing buziness. Viz. " 1st to choose A Moderator to govern said Meeting. " 2nd to choose a Town Clark. "3d to choose Select Men. "4th to choose all other officers that the Law of this State Directs. "5 th to transact any other business that Concerns said town agreeable to Law when Meet. "Bristol 28th February 1798 "Henry McLaughlin " Justice Peace " 492 History of Addison County. "Lincoln 13th March 1798 " 1st Chose Henry McLaughlin Esq moderator. " 2nd Chose Howland Delong town Clark. "3d Chose Loren Orvis, James Varney, Jedediah Durfey Celect Meu. "4th Chose Samuel Brooks town treasury. "5th Chose Samuel Eastman first Constable. " 6th Voted that the rest of the town officers should Be chosen by Nomina tion. " 7th Voted Loren Orvis, Jedediah Durfey, Woolcot Burnham Listers. "8th Voted Samuel Eastman Collector of town rates. "9th Voted Loren Orvis Leather Sealor. " I oth Voted Samuel Eastman grand Jury. " I Ith Voted Jedediah Durfey pound keeper. " 1 2th Voted Loren Orvis tithing Man. " 13th Voted James Varney howard. " 14th Voted Loren Orvis Woolcot Burnham ferts viewurs. " 15th Voted Jedediah Durfey Highway soveir. " i6th Voted Loren Orvis sealer of weights and measures. " 17th Voted that hogs should run at large With good and sufficient yokes. "I Sth these men are under oath to sarve unto the Several offices whare untwo they ware chosen. " 19th this meeting Desolved." Early Industries. — The principal source of revenue from which the earliest settlers received their income was from the manufacture of potash from the red elm, which was quite numerous in some localities; other wood was used for the same purpose, but of less value. Game was plenty, especially deer, which might be seen almost daUy, of which they supplied their own tables with venison and sent large quarrtities to market during the winter months in exchange for groceries and other neces saries. Timber was nearly worthless, except for fuel and the manufature of potash, the demand being very small, and that local. The first saw-miU was built near the Corners just below where the covered bridge now stands, by a company of settlers for the purpose of manufacturing lumber necessary for their own use. The next mill of any importance was built by Amos and Joseph Jones where George A. Thayer's clapboard miU now stands. From 1825 to 1830 the old- fashioned " up and down " saw-mills became quite numerous. The first circular saw was brought into town by Ariel Hawkins in 1837 and used by him in saw ing shingles in the mill now owned by Seymour J. Davis. Joseph Blanchard, Isaac Houston, William and Andrew Mitchell, came from Acworth, N. H., and located in the west part ofthe town in 1827, and put up a saw-miU and forge about forty rods above the Dean bridge, and the next Town of Lincoln. 493 year commertced the manufacture of iron. About the same time, or a year earlier, Henry Soper and Philetus Pier built a forge where Hodijah Lincoln's miU now stands, and at the time of the freshet it was owned by Pier and 0. W. Burnham. These two forges were destroyed by the freshet, but were rebuilt soon after. O. W. Burnham built a forge some eighty or a hundred rods be low, where Barnum formerly commenced to build a whetstone factory. This forge was run by Burnham some eight or ten years. About 1840 he became sole owner of the other two, and continued the manufacture of iron until about i860. The ore from which the iron was made was brought from the Adiron dacks. The hauling of the ore and iron to and from the forge gave steady em ployment to a great many owning teams. The coal was furnished mostly by those who owned wood land and were desirous of clearing it. There are many "well-to-do" farmers who settled in the wilderness and cleared this land and at the same time were laying up money in selling the coal. The wealth of the town previous to 1850 was to a great extent due to the iron works, and it was the nucleus of a business, and about the only one, in which large sums of money were annually paid to employees. The forges when run to their full capacity were capable of turning out three hundred tons of iron to each fire annually. The first grist-miU in town, for grinding corn and provender only, was built in 1806 by Chase Purinton, on the privUege where Abel T. Morgan's saw-miU now stands. The stones were taken from the farm now owned by Charles Hey wood. They are stUl in use in the mill now known as the "Hanks mUl," and after eighty years of almost constant wear are apparently as good as when first used. The first store in town was kept by Joseph Blanchard, and was situated in the west part of the town on the present site of Joseph Miner's dwelling house. The first stock of goods was put in in 1828, which consisted of groceries and West India goods. This was the only store in town for a number of years, when A. C. Allen opened a store in the building now owned by Ira W. Wake field, and occupied by him for a shoe-shop and post-office. A small grocery store run by one Ira Huntly was located for a short time where Hodijah Lincoln's dry sheds are now situated. O. W. Burnham commenced in the mercantUe business about 1840 or '42 on the same site of James L. Lincoln's store. This was the only store, how ever, that did any great amount of business in that part of the town, and was the only one in town until the store at the Center was started, on the present site of W. N. Gove's, and was run as a union store for a time. A bark-mill and tannery was built just below where O. S. H. Butterfield's grist-mill now stands, and was owned and run by Manly S. Wilds for a time and afterwards by Porter Thomas. A fourtdry for the manufacturing of plows was built in 1832 by RusseU 32 494 History of Addison County. Taber, on the farm now owned by William Eddy, and was successfully run by him about twenty years, when he removed the works to " Rocky Dale." Taxes. — The land tax was quite heavy in proportion to the value of the real estate on which it was assessed at that time. An acre of wild and worth less mountain land was taxed the same as though it had been improved and cultivated. The settlers, however, suffered very little incortvertience from the method of taxation, compared with the non-resident land owners. The most of this tax could be paid either in labor in making roads and building bridges, or in money. The settlers, realizing the inconvenience arising from poor roads, and in some places none at all, were not only wiUing but anxious to have an opportunity to work out their taxes ; for every dollar laid out in the improve ment in this way increased the value of their homes as much if not more. The non-residents being the owners of most of the mountain lands and the poorer lands below — for the settlers had selected what they considered the best — were compelled to pay equally as much per acre, and pay it in money at or before some specified time, or their lands would be advertised and sold at pubhc auc tion. The auction sales were of some advantage to the settlers who wished to own more land, for it frequently occurred that a fair kind of a lot was sold un der the hammer for three or four dollars. The rate of the land tax was fixed by the Legislature, and it specified for what and how it should be appropriated. At its session in October, 1802, at Westminster, a committee was appointed to survey and lay out a post- road from Berkshire to Pittsford, which road was known as and called in this town the "County Road." The committee was allowed fifteen days to complete the survey through the town and six days through Avery's Gore. To defray the expenses of laying and making the road, and building the bridges in its course through this towrt, the Legislature in 1803 assessed a tax of three cents an acre ort all the land in the town, ex cepting those sequestered for public, pious, and charitable purposes. This tax could be paid in labor on the road under the direction of a committee appoint ed to superintend it, or in money at a specified time. As it was not so paid, about sixteen thousand acres were sold by Jonathan Gove at public auction. The whole amount received from this sale, including costs of sale, was $538.52. Another tax of four cents per acre was assessed in 181 2, one cent of which was to be paid in money to defray the current expenses of the State, artd the other three in labor or money for the purpose of making and repairing roads. About one-fourth of the land in town was sold at this time in consequence of the tax not being paid when due. The following notice appeared irt Volume I, No. 28, of the Vermont Mirror, a newspaper printed at Middlebury, Vt, April 7, 1813: " Whereas the Legislature of the State of Vermont at their session at Mont pelier in the year 1 8 1 2, assessed a tax of three cents on each acre of land (pub lic rights excepted) in the town of Lincoln, in the couuty of Addison, in said Town of Lincoln. 495 State, for the purpose of making and repairing roads and building bridges in said town, the proprietors and land owners are hereby notified that they may pay the proportion of said tax in labor at any time in the months of June and July next by applying to either of the subscribers who are appointed a committee to superintend the expenditure of said tax. "Jonathan Preston, \ " Solomon Morgan, > Committee. " Abraham Peaslee, ) "Lincoln, Vt, March lo, 1813." Several other land taxes were assessed, one in 1826 of four cents per acre to buUd the road from the Thomas Goodrich place to Bristol line. Beside the land tax there was a poll and personal property one, raised to defray current expenses of the town. A tax bill raised on the grand list of 1820, by Ebenezer Durfey, Thomas Lee, and James Varney, selectmen, is still in existence, which foots up six dollars, fifty- nine cents and eight mUls ($6.59.8). Only two cents were raised on the dollar of the grand list Moses Gove paid thirty-two cents and five mills' tax, the largest one that year, and Mehitable Hedding paid only three cents, the smallest one. Several paid only a poll tax of four cents. A number ofthe taxes appear to be unpaid, which deficit amounts to thirty-seven cents. There were fifty-one names on the bill, all of which have long since paid their last tax. Moses Huntington, late of Buffalo, N. Y., was the last of the survivors, who died in 1885. Schools. — I have been unable to obtain any complete or satisfactory account of the first schools in town. The first school-house was buUt, undoubtedly near the south line of EUhu Purinton's farm. It was a low log structure, with only three small windows, of six lights each of seven by nine glass, and a roughly hewed door whose top reached the eaves. The inside construction was equally rude. The writing tables or benches were attached to the outside of the room, with long seats on which the pupils sat facing the wall when writ ing. The stove at one time consisted of a large caldron kettle inverted on a stone arch. As late as 181 8 there was only one other school-house in town, and that was situated on what is known as Gove Hill. The first school in town was taught by Miss Olive Durfey, in 1797. I do not find any evidence that there was any school-house at that time. Moses Hurttirtgton taught school in the first mentioned house in 18 19. The school was a very large one ; thirty-three boys and nineteen girls were in attendance — about one-fifth of the entire population of the town, according to the census of 1820. From the best information obtainable there are fourteen now living that attended the school, of whom five reside in town. In a letter written by the venerable teacher, a few months previous to his decease (1885) in speaking of the old log school-house he says : " I taught school in this house two terms, in 18 18 and 18 19, for the usual wages [of teu dollars per 496 History of Addison County. month, and, according to the custom of the country, boarded around with the scholars. I set the copies for those who wrote, and made all their quill pens. There was a large class in Adam's old Arithemetic, and in the Enghsh Reader. They used Webster's Spelling Book and Perry's Dictionary. I do not remem ber whether I had any geography or grammar class." I have in my possession the original roll containing the names of all of the scholars that attended the school in the winter of 1818 and '19, and will give them here, as it may not be wholly uninteresting to the few that are now Uv ing and to their many descendants, and those of the others : Hezekiah Hatch, Abram Hatch, William Lee, Malchi Lee, Peter Johnson, John Johnson, Moses Varney, John Purinton, Sewell Sargent, Elijah Meader, Nathan Purinton, Nathan C. Gove, Elijah Varney, Josephus Hatch, Thomas Lee, Solomon Lee, Jarius Johnson, Benjamin Purinton, Jacob Purinton, Moses Sargent, Jesse Meader, John Huntington, jr., Levi Gove, Lucy Lee, Belinda Bush, Cynthia Johnson, Hannah Meader, Lydia Lee, Ruth Sargent, Lovina Meader, Lydia Meader, Mary Purinton, Mary Huntington, Eunice Hedding, Achsah Meader, Sarah Huntington, Lydia Hedding. The following are now living, viz. : Elijah Purinton, John C. Gove, Damon Hedding, Lewis Taber, Aaron Lee, Charles Purinton, Daniel Gove, Russel Taber, Silas Taber, Content Johnson, Hannah Huntington, Mariam Gove, Lydia Huntington, Phebe C. Gove. A school was established in the north part of the town about the year 1824, in a house that was built for a dweUing, and situated very near where the school-house in district No. i now stands. The scholars who attended the school in this district in 1824 have left a rhyme from which a few historical facts may be drawn. There are doubtless many livirtg who were acquaiuted with some of the circumstances narrated in this rude poem, and were more familiarly acquainted with the young rhymsters, whose poetical genius began to develop without any of the rules of prosody, except that the last syllables of two or more lines should have corresponding sounds. At just what time the house was buUt is uncertain, but it was occupied more or less for a dweUing until 1820, as will be seen from a few extracts from the poem : " As for this great school-house I now mean to show 'Twas built by Dick Parmer, in what year 1 don't know, He lived like a hermit in this wilderness great. How long he lived here no one can relate." Parmer sold out to Samuel Brooks and Brooks sold out to Dr. Benjamin Taber in January, 18 17. The Doctor Uved in it until 18 19. " Then this old house to a doctor he sold. For the house was fast decaying- and growing old. This house was so old, of failing he fenred. He built him another — two story we've heerd." Town of Lincoln. 497 After the house was vacated by the doctor it was changed into a school- house. " In the year eighteen hundred twenty and four. They fixed the old house with a rough cleet door. They hired a damsel, she was very fair. To keep them a school and take proper care." The lady above referred to was Miss Rachel Rhoades. The following win ter Nathan Sawyer, of Weare, N. H., was engaged to teach the school. " As for the master I now will begin. To describe his folly and the state he hves in. One thing in this master I mean to tell He liked all the girls a little too well. Though he is better and wiser if I may relate Than half of the gentlemen from Hampshire State." Other school-houses were built within a few years after, and the town di vided into districts, of which there are now twelve, each supporting at least six months' school per annum. It cannot be said that the school-houses are all suitable and convenient now, but were, very likely, when built. A few are very old and will be replaced by new and more commodious ones soon. The thrifty and enterprising people of the district in South Lincoln have recently built a school- house with improved and modern furniture, that is not only an honor to that district but to the entire town, and leaves an example worthy to be imitated by other districts. A school-house was built in the DowningsviUe district in the fall of 1885, and other districts will follow in the wake soon. There are now enrolled in the schools two hundred and eighty-five scholars, between the ages of five and twenty years. The whole amount expended for schools in 1884 was $1,134.16, art average of nearly four dollars per scholar, William W. Pope was the first superintendent of schools and M. J. Stearns is the present incumbent. Post-offices. — The first post-office was estabUshed July 23, 1835, by the appointmertt of Luther M. Kent, M. D., postmaster, and was located near the Corrters on the place now owrted by Watson Morgan, and formerly known as the "Doctor Kent farm." Previous to this all the mail was deposited at, and received from, the post-office at Bristol. The office was moved to the west part of the town, "Acworth," May 4, 1849, and Erastus W. Chapman was appointed postmaster. His successors were Almon C. Allen, appointed Janu ary 24, 185 1 ; Enos P. Hoag, appointed January 25, 1854; and Frankhn J. Burnham, appointed January 7, 1857. Samuel M. Fish received the appoint ment April 13, 1 86 1, and moved the office to the Center, where it has since been located. He was succeeded by George F. Pope January 9, 1 866 ; by James H. Batchelder July 23, 1867; by Charles D. Peet September 5, 1876, and by Moses B. Gove December 6, 1877, who is the present incumbent An office was established at "Acworth" by the name of West Lincoln, May 15, 1878, with Milton J. Stearns postmaster; he was succeeded by Ira W. Wakefield August 27, 1878, who stUl continues in the office. 498 History of Addison County. During the time that Enos P. Hoag was postmaster there were only thir teen papers taken in town ; at the present time there are over three hundred taken at the two offices. The mail was carried to and brought from Bristol only once a week until about 1850, then twice and three times a week untU 1867, when a daily mail was received. Since July i, 1881, the mail leaves sufficiently early in the morning to con nect with the Boston and New York maU, and returns at night with the same. Freshet. — The year 1 830 is memorable on account of a severe and destruc tive freshet An unusual quantity of rain had fallen throughout the season, and especially the week preceding. The ground was soaked full of water and the streams were much swollen. Early in the forenoon of Monday, July 26, dark, massive clouds hovered over the town. The heavy roar of the thunder in the heavens, echoing and re-echoing among the hills and mountains, with the frequent flashes of the forked lightning and the sulphurous odor in the atmosphere, indicated that a terrible storm was at hand, but how terrible and destructive no one then imagined. Later in the day, when the storm com menced, the roar of the thunder was hushed by the descending rain. Those who have vivid recollections of that stormy night say that it was unUke any other storm that they ever witnessed. It seemed to descend in one continu ous sheet, like the water falling over a precipice. That night the New Haven River rose to such unparalleled height that crops, trees, bridges, miUs, facto ries, and dwelling houses were swept away in its fury. Although no human lives were lost or seriously injured in town, yet the suffering and misery en dured for a time by those momentarUy expecting death cannot be portrayed or imagined. The traces of the freshet will remain visible for years to come. The channel of the river was greatly changed in several places, and it now runs where there were once meadows, gardens, and dwelling houses. The crops along the borders of the stream were wholly destroyed. Lemuel B, Eldridge, in a little volume entitled The Torrent, says "that one hundred acres of land in Lincoln, suitable for cultivation, were either totally destroyed or rendered useless for years." A bridge crossing the stream near George A. Thayer's present miU site, then known as the Jones bridge, was the first on the stream to be swept away. Above this bridge but comparatively little damage was done, as only the rocks artd trees were exposed to its fury. Aaron Gove lived in a log house near, or just a few rods above, where Jesse Cotey's house now stands. The family had retired, and before they were aware of it the house was entirely surrounded by water, and any attempt to escape — the current being so swift and strong on either side — would have resulted in certain death. When the water came into the lower part of the house the family, eight in number, went into the chamber as a last resort A portion of the lower part of the house was washed away ; a door-post, how- Town of Lincoln. 499 ever, remained on one side undisturbed, on which the upper portion rested. Had this given way the roof would have faUen, and no doubt the occupants would have either been killed by the falling timbers or drowned. Daniel Butterfield lived a few rods below, nearly opposite WUliam H. Hoag's present residence. His loss was heavy; a large portion of intervale meadow was carried away. The channel of the river was at that time near the west side of the intervale ; since then on the east side, where it now runs. Thomas Taber Uved on the farm now owned by George Garland. His house stood several rods below where Stephen C. Varney's saw-miU now stands, and where the river now runs. His family, consisting of his wife and five small children, remained in the house until the cellar wall fell in on one side, and immediately following they heard the crash of the faUing bridge, a few rods above them, and then made a hasty retreat, barely escaping with their lives. When but a short distance away they heard the house fall, and on the following morning saw the main channel of the river where the house stood the night before. One of those children now living says that he carried the old-fashioned tin lantern, with perforated sides, to pilot the family to the nearest rteighbor's east. They took with them only such clothing as they had on ; all the rest, with their furniture, provisions, and fifty dollars in money which Taber had that day hired for necessary purposes, was destroyed in a moment's time. A saw-miU, owned by John Gove, situated a few rods below from where O. S. H. Butterfield's grist-mill now stands, was carried away with all the machinery, and all that remained to mark the spot were some fragments of the dam. About one-half mile below, the crops of Valentine Meader were destroyed and a bridge carried away. Between this place and " Acworth," now West Lincoln, but very little dam age was done. The property destroyed at " Acworth ' was of more value than all the other property that suffered the same fate in the town. A thrifty little manufacturing village had suddenly sprung up at this place. A few men with small capital had invested it here in manufactories, and it was fast becoming the business heart of the town. About three years previous to the freshet Joseph Blanchard, Isaac Houston, WilUam and Andrew Mitchell came from Acworth, N. H., and built a saw-mUl, and in 1828 built a forge a few feet be low. Some seventy-five or eighty rods below this forge another one was buUt in 1827 by Henry Soper and Philetus Pier, and at the time of the freshet was owned by Pier and Oliver W. Burnham. Midway between these two forges was a bridge, then and since known as the Dean bridge. The river above the saw-mill was narrow, and the banks ort either side were very high and abrupt. In this narrow passage the water rose about four feet per hour from dark until near midnight, whert the saw-miU, forge, and coal-house, with a stock of coal, 500 History of Addison County. ore, and iron, were carried off and every trace of them blotted out in much less time thart it takes to narrate it The saw-mUl floated down the furious current bodily and lodged on a small island opposite where Captain J. L. Lincoln's store now stands, and, with the flood-wood that had previously accumulated there, went over the dam below. The lower forge yielded to the fury of the water nearly two hours later. Below this Uttle village, on the east side of the river, is a tract of land known as the Burnham Flat. At the lower end of this stood a smaU, unfin ished framed house, occupied by Prosper Durfey and family. The roaring of the water awoke Mrs. Durfey, who was alone with her children, and on exam ination found that escape was impossible, as the water had already surrounded the house. The floors had not been nailed down, and the lower one, with the beds occupied by the family, was raised to within about eighteen inches of the upper one. Mrs. Durfey parted the boards above, aud, with her chUdrert, went through into the chamber, where they remained until morning, when they were taken ashore on a raft. It may seem almost miraculous that the house stood in such a depth of water ; and it would have been destroyed, no doubt, if the lower floor had been nailed down. The main channel of the river was some four or five rods west of the house. A large hemlock log, two and one-half feet in diameter by thirty long, was thrown out from the current in the main channel on to the flat, and rolled or floated sideways to the house, protecting it from the flood-wood and debris. Below the house there was a short bend in the river, which produced a back current against the lower side, counteract ing the one from above. General Barnum, of Vergennes, had commenced to build a dam and factory for the purpose of manufacturing whetstones, from a quarry near by, standing below the big bend and within a few rods of the west line of the town, and was the last to suffer destruction within the limits of the town. Another freshet, in which a great amount of property was destroyed, oc curred on the 4th day of October, 1 869. The first mill property on the river to suffer was that owned by G. A. and O. H. Thayer, of South Lincoln, there being only one mill on the river above at that time. The mill was started in the morning with a fair run of water, and was run until about the middle of the forenoon, when the river rose so rapidly that it was thought advisable to shut down ; and in only a few minutes the water was running through the miU, and in another moment it was gone out of sight in the mad rush of the water The next mill on the river to suffer the same fate was owned by Ehsha R. Cain and situated only a few rods below. A short distance below, the mUls of James Caughhn and Asa Jackman were badly damaged, though not carried off. A grist-miU and saw-miU owned by O. S. H. Butterfield, situated on his present mill site, were totally destroyed and carried away. The damage to Town of Lincoln. 501 roads and bridges was very great, and travel was greatly impeded for several days. Revolutionary War. — Ebenezer Durfey and Owen Briggs were in the Revolutionary War and both were pensioned at the rate of eight dollars per month. War of 1812. — The following named persons were in the United States service in the War of 1 8 1 2 from this town, or who have since resided here : Albert Beach, Noah Jennings, James Downing, Prosper Durfey, Thomas Lee, Benjamin Clark, Uriah Bush, Alanson Hamner, Daniel Bagley, and Oliver W. Burnham. War of 1861. — The town has a soldiers' record of which her citizens may justly feel proud. The quota under the different calls of the president was promptly filled by brave and fearless men who were not afraid to face the ene my on the field of battle, and were, mostly, men of intelligence and good moral character. It is due to those who sacrificed the comforts and pleasant associa tions of home, to endure the hardships of army life in assisting to save the country, that their names and the memorials of them be perpetuated on the pages of history. The following list, compiled from the State records, gives the names of those who served in Vermont organizations : Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : G. H. Atwood, H. A. Atwood, S. Barnard, A. Bassalow, L. E. Bristol, J. S. Butterfield, J. H. Butterfield, T. J. Byron, E. Canfield, F. Clark, J. Clark, J. Clark, T. Clark, K. Connelly, A. Cushman, E. S. Cushman, P. Delphy, E. C. Dow, L. Dow, E. R. Gove, I. S. Gove, O. A. Gould, T. T. Hamner, R. S. HUl, L. J. Hoadley, I. N. Mayo, S. W. Mayo, N. Miner, O. J. Moore, R. Richards, S. J. Sargent, G. Shedrick, D. H. Stearns, F. Stevens, J. Walker, J. F. Walker, C. W. Weaver, E. S. Whittier, J. J. Whittier, J. W. WiUiams, D. H. York, G. W. York. Credits under caU of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls : Volunteers for three years. — G. A. Atkins, L. M. Atwood, A. J. Barnes, C. B. Chamberiain, S. G. Chapman, J. W. Cobb, Jesse Coty, Nelson Crozier, P. Durfey, A. B. Gove, C. Hamner, J. Hufson, J. Person, F. Soriol, J. Ubar, W. W. Wheeler, W. J. Whittier, H. J. Wood. Volunteers for one year — A. D. Atkins, G. Blanchard, C. W. Clark, E. M. King, S. B. Morrill, J. H. Murray, H. C. Powers, D. C. Ubear Volunteers re-enlisted. — H. A. Atwood, P. Delphy, J. J. Whittier Enrolled man who furnished substitute. — G. F. Pope. Not credited by name. — Two men. Volunteers for nine months. — A. G. Babcock, J. Coffirt, L. J. Dow, W. E. Gove, W. E. Greert, C. P. Jones, D. D. Jones, L. M. Kent, J. Moulton, W. E. Noyes, E. M. Percival, H. Stenior, H. Wood. 502 History of Addison County. Furnished under draft — Paid commutation, A. Atkins, L. N. Downing, O. Frank, J. Jackson, D. Johnson, D. Palmer, N. Page, N. Purinton, S. Danforth, C. E. Varney. Procured substitute, C. E. Bristol, M. F. Gove, O. Stokes, E. B. Tracy. Events of 1878. — The year 1878 was replete with memorable events. It will ever be remembered by those who suffered, in consequence of an epidemic, of the financial crisis, and a fire. Diphtheria in its uuwelcome and direful visits introduced sadness, sorrow, and gloom throughout the entire town. Twelve deaths were chronicled as the result of this terrible malady from May i to August I. It first made its appearance irt the family of Samuel Miner, in the west part of the town, then in the family of Dr. Aimer A. Hier, at the Center. Five deaths occurred in the short space of ten days, within a few rods of each other. Dr. Hier, his wife, and three children were prostrated at the same time. The brittle thread that so recently held together the bright and happy family was snapped asunder, and Mrs. Hier and a little boy only survived. The financial troubles were unprecedented. Every one that desired credit obtained it, and as the result business men trusted out their merchandise, and obligated themselves by placing their names to commercial paper beyond their capital. This was done hoping that times would change, business be more act ive, and money more plenty. Property of every kind and description was on the decline with very little prospect of ever rising. Things continued thus until the 26th day of January, when several attachments were made and the store of W. N. Gove was closed. In the fore part of February the union store and M. B. Gove's boot and shoe store were closed. In June the store of Cairn & Hartwell was also closed. With these parties many farmers and others suffered, being connected with them in their business, either by loaning money or sign ing commercial paper. Men lost all confidence in their fellow men. More legal processes were served during the year than for several years preceding, and some of them upon parties least expecting it. A large quantity of property was sold under the hammer at a great sacrifice. Real estate on the average depreciated from thirty to fifty per cent.' in value, while several places at a forced sale were bought for less than one- third their former value. No less than ten sought relief under the Urtited States bankrupt and the State insolvent act On the morning of August 4 a fire broke out in the building owned by E. I. Hewitt and M. B. Gove. The lower part was occupied as a store by Hanks & Johnson, and the boot and shoe store of M. B. Gove. The post-office and town clerk's office were also on this floor The second story was occupied by the Grangers and Good Templars for their lodge room. An eU was occupied by M. B. Gove for a dwelling house. The furniture and fixtures of the Grangers and Good Templars, and the contents of the two stores were wholly consumed. The town records were in one of Marvin's fire-proof safes and were uninjured excepting the animal portiorts of the binding, which were de stroyed. The books were rebound and are apparently as good as ever. Town of Lincoln. 503 Town Officers Elected March, 1886. — Stephen M. Colby, moderator; Moses B. Gove, clerk and treasurer; Wilber E. Hanks, Charles A. Kinsley, Isaac W. Hatch, selectmen ; Samuel D. O'Bryan, James Ward, Alfred C. Mer rill, listers; George W. Burnham, Milton J. Stearns, Alfred C. MerriU, auditors; EUsha B. Clark, John H. Beane, Walter S. Colby, fence viewers; Howard Clark 2d, constable and overseer of the poor ; Elihu Purinton, trustee of United States surplus fund ; Abel T. Morgan, town grand juror ; Harvey Farr, ageut; George R. Stone, inspector of leather ; Howard Clark 2d, pound-keeper ; Stephen C. Varney, inspector of lumber ; Stephen G. Colby, sexton ; Milton J. Stearns, superintendent of schools. County Officers Residing in Town. — Howard Clark 2d, sheriff; Charles E, Pope, deputy sheriff; Moses B. Gove, Ste'phen M. Colby, Charies E. Pope, Watson Morgan, George W. Burnham, Charles G. Butterfield, WiUiam W. Var ney, justices of the peac®. ecclesiastical. Nearly aU of the first and early settlers belonged to the Society of Friends, and for many years it was the only society that sustained regular religious wor ship. Those who did not belong with them were the exceptions. The first organization of this society was July 16, 1801, at which time James Varney was appointed clerk. Meetings for worship were held about two years previous to this, in a log house owned by Levi Meader, situated very near the north line of the town, on the west part of the farm now owned by Hiram Hamner. Their meetings were held for several years in private houses. A log meeting house was buUt on the land now owned by Thomas Moody, also one near where the town house now stands. I do not know when they were built or how long they were occupied. In 1802 the society proposed a plan for a house of worship to the Easton, N. Y., Quarterly Meeting, of which the Lin coln Society was a branch, for their approval. They then proposed to build a house twenty-four by thirty-six feet, with ten-feet posts, at an estimated cost of $500. The report from this quarterly meeting was not a very flattering one so far as regards their rendering any assistance, as the following extract from the report shows: "That the Friends of Lincoln had better for the present en deavor to accommodate themselves with such a house as they are able to build amongst themselves." The present house was built in 18 10 and was the only one for worship for Lincolrt, a part of Bristol and South Starksboro for many years, and was the only church building in town until about 1863, when two churches were built at the Center. Large as the house now seems, it was often filled and on special occasions would not accommodate all that attended. The Society of Friends is now quite smaU, but they continue to meet to gether twice a week for pubhc worship. 504 History of Addison County. The meetings of the other denominations for public worship were held in dwelling and school-houses in the different parts of the town, and sometimes for want of a more suitable place they were held in barns and groves. The Methodist Society built a church in 1863, and the same year a Union Church was built, which was occupied by the Freewill Baptists and Christian societies. Freewill Baptist Church. — A Freewill Baptist Church was organized in town as early as 1832, and was admitted into the quarterly meeting conference in January, 1834. Rev. Ziba Pope was the first pastor. Israel Freeman, a col ored preacher, was the recognized pastor in 1837. Samuel Kenrtiston preached here before the organization, and was the first Freewill Baptist preacher ever located in town. Jarius Davis, Joshua Tucker, and Mark Atwood were pastors of the church at different times. The first quarterly meeting was held in the upper part of Ziba Pope's barn, on the farm recently owned by George H. Bab cock, and now owned by Dartiel and M. B. Gove. Failing to maintain its or ganization it was dropped from the quarterly meeting in June, 1852. Another organizatiort was effected November 13, 1862, with ten members, by Revs. E. B. Fuller, S. W. Rerkins, and O. B. Dike. Amos Tucker was chosen clerk, and John T Hill deacon. The first monthly meeting was held in the Corrters school-house November 25, 1862. The presertt membership is thirty- four Rev. W. H. Lyster is pastor, Alfred C. Merrill, clerk. Nelson M. Brooks and John T Hill, deacons. Christian Churgh. — The Christian Church was organized November 13, 1840, at the dwelling house of Hermon Bement, with twenty members, by Rev. Joseph D. Marsh, of Randolph, Vt Rev. Merritt W. Powers was the first pas tor, Benjamin Clark first clerk, and Ehsha Briggs and Davis Tucker were the first deacons. Six only of those who were members at its organization are stiU living, but are not residents of the town. Enos P. Hoag was about the first to unite with the church aud has been a consistent member ever since. There are now sixty-four members. Rev. Charles D. Burdick is the present pastor, Mrs. Ella M. Butterfield clerk. Loyal CoUins and Cornelius Soper deacons. Methodist Church. — The Methodist Church was organized in the spring of 1836 by Rev. Nathaniel Stearns and was for several years connected with the church in Ripton, and was for a long time known as the Lincolrt artd Ripton Mission. The present church edifice and parsonage was built in 1863, through personal efforts of the late Rev. Caleb Stevens, who was pastor of the church at that time. Rev. Smith M. Wilbur is the present pastor. Present membership, fifty-three. Sabbath-schools. — A Sabbath-school is mairttairted at each ofthe churches and at the school-house in South Lincolrt throughout the year, and each has a library of nearly three hundred volumes. Schools are maintained at West Lincolrt and DowningsviUe through the summer months. The first Sabbath- Town of Lincoln. 505 school in town was organized at DowningsviUe in June, 1843, through the per sonal efforts of Mrs. Fanny M. Puriuton and Mrs. Emily Powers. Physicians. — A. J. Cushman, a resident of the town for twenty-five years, has practiced medicine for the last three years, and is now attending lectures at the medical department of the University of Vermont J. S. Dodge, a graduate of the University of New York city, has been lo cated in town during the last eight years. Local Societies. — A lodge of Good Templars was organized in 1869 and flourished for a number of years, both financially and numericaUy. At one time the lodge numbered over one hundred members. They continued to hold their meetings regularly until August, 1878, when they lost their charter artd furniture by fire. Since then they have ceased to exist as a lodge. A Grange was organized in 1875 or '^6, but was not a successful enterprise, and existed as an organization only a few years. The Lincoln Cornet Band was organized in 1882 under the instruction of S. W. Hatch. Leroy S. Varney is the present leader and Albert F. Gove drum- major It has now seventeen members. Present Industries. — The industries of the town are somewhat varied in their nature. A portion of the inhabitants devote their attention to agricul ture, dairying, stock raising, and the manufacturing of maple sugar; others give their whole attention to the manufacturing of lumber. The abundance of tim ber on the mountain and the many exceUent mill privUeges render the town practically a lumber manufacturing one, and it is at present the principal source of its wealth. There are fifteen mills in town, in which either coarse lumber, clapboards, shingles, or staves are made from the logs. The mUls have a capacity of cutting out several million feet per annum, and give steady employ ment to over one hundred men. Nearly one-third of the population of the town obtain their support either directly or indirectly from this industry. Be sides the hands employed iu the mills, a still greater number are employed in the woods on the mountains cutting the logs, and with teams in piling and hauling them, and drawing the lumber, etc., away. Only a few of these mills are confined exclusively to any one branch of the business. There are three mills for the exclusive manufacture of clapboards, three for staves, and one each for shingles and butter-tubs. The mills for cutting coarse lumber can economically make clapboards and shingles, by sorting the logs and using such as are best adapted for those purposes. A portion of the waste or slabs is worked into headings and laths. Heath Brothers' clapboard-mill is the first on the New Haven River, in that part of the town formerly a part of Rip ton, and known as "Pope's Paradise" — a name given to that locaUty many years ago, at which time Rev. Ziba Pope built a saw-miU and dwelling house and cleared up a tract of land. They manufactured during the year 1885 600,000 feet of clapboards and dressed them ready for market. The next mill 5o6 History of Addison County. on the stream is owned by Green & Kelton, artd is situated in that part of Lin coln that was formerly a part of Ripton. They manufacture dimensiort lum ber, hardwood flooring, and clapboards. G. A. Thayer's mill for sawing staves stands where the Jortes mill formerly stood. He occupies the Pope mill, a few rods below, for the manufacture of clapboards. Mr. Thayer is the largest clap board manufacturer in town. During the year 1885 he sawed and dressed 1,000,000 feet, besides dressing large quantities for others. James Caughlin and A. A. Jackman & Son each own mills on the same stream, near together, and both manufacture coarse lumber, butter-tubs, and in addition Jackman & Son manufacture clapboards and do custom planing. S. W. Allen's mill for sawing coarse lumber, laths, and shingles is situated in the southeast part of the town, on Beaver Brook. S. C. Varney & Son are located near the Center and make all kinds of building lumber, heading, etc., and do custom work and planing. Hodijah Lincoln, at West Lincoln, gives his attention whoUy to the manufacture of staves. He does the most in the stave business, and in fact more than all the others in town combined. Seth T. Hill's mill for the manu facture of coarse lumber and staves is situated on the Downing Creek, in the northeast part of the town. Mr. Hill owns more acres of land in town than any other man, several hundred of which lie in one tract above his mill. W. J. Brown's mill for the martufacture of butter-tubs is the next mill on the same stream. Below a few rods is the shingle-mill of Warren Brooks. The nexfis the stave-mill of Seymour J. Davis. George and Fred G. Bagley saw all kinds of building lumber and clapboards ; also do custom sawing. Their miU is situated above the Corners, on the Downing Creek. Abel T. Morgan's mUl for sawing coarse lumber and shingles, artd Watson Morgan's mill for saw ing and dressing clapboards, are both situated at the Corners. W. E. Hanks and others own a mill still farther down the creek, which has been used for the manufacture of clapboards and butter-tubs. The upper part of the mill is used for grindirtg meal and provender. The only grist-mill in town is owned by O. S. H. Butterfield, and is located about one-half mile south of the post-office, on the New Haven River. It is fitted up for doing all kinds of custom grinding. The mercantile business of the town is fully developed in all its departments. Cap tain J. L. Lincoln, at West Lincoln, carries a general line of groceries, dry goods, notions, boots and shoes. Gove & Green, at the Center, carry a fuU line of groceries, fancy and dry goods, clothing, and hardware. Milton J. Stearns, at the Center, has a stock of dry goods, crockery, meal, and feed. Moses B. Gove gives his whole attention to the sale of boots and shoes. E. M. Whitney commenced in the mercantile business at South Lincoln April i, 1886, with a stock of groceries. Dodge & Gove have worked up a good business as pharmacists, and are doing a fair business in .jobbing medicines, essences, fla voring extracts, etc., of their own make. They employ several men on the road seUing their goods. Clark & Kinsley do an extensive butchering business Town of Lincoln. 507 at West Lincoln, and supply several markets with meat. During the year 1885 they dressed at their slaughter-house 500 beeves, 500 sheep, and 200 veal calves. The maple sugar business is an important branch of the present industries. Many tons are annually made. Though sold at low prices, yet it nets the farmers a fair profit. Ira W. Wakefield, at West Lincoln, and George R. Stone, at the Center, manufacture custom boots and shoes, and do all kinds of repairing. A. F. Gove, gunsmith at the Center V. W. Morgan, at the Center, and Edgar R. Siples, at the Corners, are manufacturers of wagons and carriages, and do custom repairing. There are five blacksmith shops in town ; Lorenzo Dow and Joseph Miner at West Lincoln, V. W. Morgan and Luther Nutting at the Center, and Thomas Dupoint at South Lincoln. Census. — There has been a gradual increase in the populution of the town since its settlement, as will be seen from the following table: 1800, 97 ; 18 10, 255; 1820, 278; 1830, 639; 1840, 770; 1850, 1,057; i860, 1,070; 1870, 1,174; 1880, 1,367. biographical. Marcus Hedding. — The Hedding families come from the vicinity of Dutch ess county, N. Y., to Starksboro, Vt Marcus Hedding, an uncle of the late Bishop Hedding of the M. E. Church, settled in the north part of the town in 1795, and soon after his son John settled here. Marcus Hedding married Can- dace Prestort for his first wife artd Mehitable Varney for his second. When they removed from Starksboro to Lincoln there was only a path marked by spotted trees between the two places. They packed their goods on a horse, which was led by a daughter riding one ahead. Harley Hedding, a son of Marcus, was born in 1795, and was the first child born in town. John Hed ding died in 181 5. Lorenzo Orvis was born in Norfolk, Conn. When quite young he came to Bristol, where he married a Miss Brooks. They settled in town on the farm now owned by Hiram Hamner, in March, 1795, and were the first that made a permanent settlement. When he moved here from Bristol Flats he came with an ox team and was two daj'S making the journey over the hills of South Starksboro. At the organization of the town he was chosen first selectman, first lister, sealer of leather and weights and measures, fence viewer, and tith ingman. He died in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in the ninety-first year of his age. Wolcott Burnham came from Connecticut and settled in town as early as 1797 on the farm now owned by Reuben Cowles ; he was elected lister at the organization of the town. His son, Oliver W. Burnham, resided in town ; he held the office of selectman three years, justice of the peace seven years, and represented the towrt in the Legislature in 1827; was a prominent business man, and was extensively engaged in the iron business. He died June 20, i860. George W., a son of Oliver W., now resides in town. 5o8 History of Addison County. Thomas Goodrich was born in Lanesboro, Berkshire county, Mass., Sep tember IO, 1780. At the age of seventeen years he left his home and came to Middlebury, Vt, where for two years he cultivated land on shares. He first came to Lincoln September 10, 1799, on his nineteenth birthday, and on the twelfth day of the same month he took, a deed of the piece of land where he afterward settled, and now owned by James Butterfield. -He married Esther Freeman, of New Haven, May 9, 1802, and died January 13, 1864. She was born September 17, 1781, and died September 6, 1846. Their children were Lyman, born March 7, 1804; Phebe, born July 30, 1806; Julia, born May 4, 1809; Alzina, born May 7, 1812 ; Moses, born AprU 15, 1815 ; Esther, born November 23, 1819; Dinah, born May 22, 1823; Ruth, born October 6, 1825, Alzina, Esther, and Ruth reside in town. He owned at one time some seven hundred acres of land and paid the largest tax of any one in town. He was quite eccentric in his ways. His team for general work consisted of an ox and cow yoked together. He kept the first hotel in town, and sold a few groceries to his townsmen ; whisky, however, was the principal article. The hotel bus iness was not a success, although quite well patronized by the fun lovers and dram drinkers. It was the seat of aU the justice courts of the town and a portion of Bristol. It is related of him that he would drive his cattle into the woods without any yoke or harness, and would construct a yoke, and by means of elm bark would draw out a good load of wood. Chase Purinton was born in Kensington, N. H., April 27, 1757 ; he after wards lived in Weare, N. H., and settled in Lincoln in March, 1803, on the farm now owned by a grandson, Elihu Purinton, purchasing it of Jedediah Durfey, also purchasing two adjoining lots south, making in the total about three hundred acres. He brought with him two yoke of oxen, a pair of horses, and six cows. Three of his sons came with the cows and oxen, taking a load of goods. The remainder of the family followed in a few days with the horse team, bringing what goods they were able. He was a blacksmith by trade, and the first that settled in town. On account of the uncertainty of the roads through the new and mountainous country, he shod his cows as well as his oxen and horses, before commencing the journey. The first mill for grinding corn and provender was built by him in 1806 on the water privilege near Abel T. Morgan's saw-miU. The mill-stones were taken from the farm now owned by Charles Heywood, and are still in use. He had eight children, Jonathan, born December i, 1779, died in 1848; Elijah, borrt July 18, 1781, died in 1864; James, born November, 1783, died in 1864; Judith, born AprU 19, 1786, died 1877; Elizabeth, born August 3, 1788, died in 1875 ; Chase, jr, born July 19, 1792, died in 1872 ; Lydia, born October i, 1795, died in 1882; Mary, born September 7, 1799, died in 1845. Three of the children of James Purinton now reside in town, viz. : Asa, EUhu, and Freeman. Two of the children of Jonathan also reside in town, Elijah and Mrs, Huldah Purinton. Town of Lincoln. 509 The- descendants of Chase are numerous throughout the United States and Canada ; over forty of them are now residing in town. They hold a family reunion each year The sons and daughters of Chase Purinton lived to a re markable age. One died at the age of ninety- two years, five others lived over eighty years. The average age of the eight children was seventy-eight years. At the funeral of Elizabeth Purinton there were present over one hundred rel atives, all of whom, with one exception, were her nieces and nephews. Ebenezer Durfey came from Connecticut and settled on " Elder HiU," so called, in 1804. He was a sharp, shrewd business man and quite prominent among the settlers, and was always known as 'Squire Durfey. He held the office of town clerk nine years, selectman two years, constable three years, justice of the peace twenty-one years, represented the town in the Legislature thirteen times, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1822. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and was pensioned eight dollars per month during his hfe. He died in Westport, N. Y., at the age of ninety- three years. He had four sons and four daughters. Sally, the oldest, married Chase Lamos, of Monkton, for her first husband, and Moses Sargent for her second, and was the mother of the late Daniel H. Sargent. She died January 21, 1870, at the age of eighty years. Prosper, the oldest son, was in the War of 1812 ; resided in town most of the time until his death, which occurred in 1879, at the age of eighty-nine years. Jedediah Durfey, a brother of 'Squire Durfey, settled in town about 1796 or '97, on the place now owned by Elihu Purinton. The first town meeting, at which the town was organized, was held at his place in 1798. He was chosen selectman, lister, pound-keeper, and the only highway surveyor, at this town meetirtg. He was the first to represent the town in the Legislature, which was in 1801. He resided in town only a few years, and sold to Chase Purinton AprU 24, 1802. Moses Gove, a son of Daniel and Mariam, was born in Weare, N. H., De cember 22, 1774. He married Hannah, his first wife, daughter of Nathan and Phebe Chase, of Weare, in 1799, who died September 15, 1831, and Martha Worth, his second. May 15, 1834. Moses Gove died June 8, 185 i. Their children were Nathan C, born July 17, 1880, and died in Lincoln March 31, 1850; Levi, born February 23, 1802, died in Lynn, Mass., August 12, 1885 ; John C, born November 14, 1803, and now resides in New York city ; Phebe (Huntington), born November 26, 1805, resides at East Randolph, N. Y.; Daniel, born October 10, 18 10, resides in town on the Ziba Pope farm ; Mariam (Chase), born March 22, 1813, now a resident of Salt Lake City, Utah; Den nis, born May 28, 1 8 16, died in the copper regions in Michigan August i, 1854; Peltiah, born June 10, 18 18, and resides on the same farm on which his father settled in 1803 or 1804. The children of Daniel are James T, born June 14, 1839, and died AprU 10, 1862; Phebe H. (Batchelder), born December 33 5IO History of Addison County. 28, 1 841, now resides in Middlebury, and Moses B., born September 28, 1847, now resides in town. The only child of Peltiah Gove lives near the old home stead, and is now Mrs. Emily C. Purinton. Winthrop Gove was born in Seabrook, Mass., July 27, 1773 ; married Ju dith Gove, of Weare, N. H., who was born January i, 1780. They settled in Weare after their marriage, where they resided a few years and then settled in town, March, 1804, on the farm now owned by Mrs. Electa Sherman, on what is known as Gove Hill. Their children: Richard, born in 1800; Lucy, born December, 1803; John, born March 12, 1806; Eleanor D., born July 7, 1808, and is the only survivor and still resides in town. Elisha Gove was born in Weare, N. H., August 26, 1784. At the age of twenty years he came to Montpelier, Vt., and there married Abigail Ring, of Salisbury, N. H., May 11, 1806, who was born August 15, 1773. They moved to Lincoln March, 1809, and settled on what is known as Gove HiU. She died November 14, 1844. He died June 4, 1858. They had three children, Azrias W., born November 27, 1808 ; Sarah F. W., born June 28, 1812, and Winthrop G., born March 2, 1815. Azrias W. Gove still resides in town and for years practiced medicine (Thompsonian school). He married Sophrona Kelton, May I, 1834. Their children were Peace A., now Mrs. Beaver, born March 8, 1838 ; Mark A., born February 3, 1842; Webster N., born May 15, 1845 ; Emily J., now Mrs. G. A. Thayer, born June 30, 1849; Henry W., born December 16, 185 1, and Abbie R., born September 18, 1854, and died May 4, 1876. Mark A., Webster N., Emily J., and Henry W. reside in town. Benjamin Taber, M. D., was born in Montpelier, Vt, June 30, 1785. At the age of fifteen years he commenced study at the Friends' Boarding-school, Nine Partners, N. Y., as a charity scholar, his parents beirtg poor and unable to bear the expenses. His father carried him about one-half of the distance from Montpelier to Nine Partners ; he walked the remainirtg distance. His scanty allowance of money was exhausted before he reached the end of his journey, and he was compelled to dispose of his sleeve-buttons to procure food. He remained at the boarding-school a number of years and studied medicine. He married Phebe Carpenter, of Starksboro, Vt., December 8, 1808, and com menced the practice of medicine in that town. In 1 817 he moved to Lincoln and located in the north part of the town, on the place for years known as the " Dr. Taber place." The dwelling house in which WiUiam Eddy now lives was built by him in 1 8 1 9. He was the first physiciart that settled irt town, and the only one for several years, and practiced until he was over sixty years of age. He died June 3, 1866, at the age of eighty-one years. They had seven sons and two daughters, all of whom are now living with the exception of one son who died in his youth. The oldest, Russel, was born November 8, 1809. He com menced in the foundry business on the home farm and became successful in the undertaking; now resides in Iowa. Louis, born September 2, 181 1, resides in Town of Lincoln. 511 Mount Pleasant, O. SUas B., born April 24, 1813, resides in Iowa. Sarah, wife of Daniel Gove, of Lincoln, was born March 11, 181 5. James was born De cember 21, 1817, and died March 23, 1832. Phebe L., wife of Peltiah, of this town, was born November 23, 18 19. David C, born March 15, 1822, and Ben jamin J., born November 8, 1825, both reside in Minnesota. Seaman, born November 14, 1872, resides in Texas. Dr. Luther M. Kent was born at Hinsdale, N. H., April 26, 1803. At the age of nine years he came with his family to Warren, Vt His father immedi ately joined the military force then quartered at Burlington, and there died; and in spite of all efforts to find the place of his interment, he still sleeps in an un known grave in or near by the now flourishing city. By his own unaided efforts he educated himself in the ordinary branches, completed his medical course and located in Lincoln in January, 1828, living in a small "log cabin," at what is now known as Kent's Corners. He engaged in active practice, and continued to live on this same place up to 1859, when he removed to Bristol and remained there up to the time of his death, which occurred October 21, 1870. He was appointed first postmaster in Lincoln (see account of post-offices on another page). Dr. Kent was married to Abigail S. Richardson, in Warren, January 20, 1827. Of four children born to them one, Denslow M., died at eighteen years of age. The surviving are Adah R. (Mrs. C. P. Bush) and Dr E. M. Kent, who now reside in Bristol, and Lucy A. (Mrs. Jesse P. Green), in Chicago. The widow of Dr. L. M. Kent, who with her husband was closely identified with the early history of Lincoln, survived him some ten years and died at the home of her son. Dr. E. M. Kent, in Bristol, in August, 1880, and side by side they rest in the little cemetery just a little way from their old home and the scenes of their early labors. Hon. WiUiam W. Pope was born in Hingham, Mass., October 12, 1807, and was the only son of Rev. Ziba Pope, a pioneer preacher of the Freewill Baptists. When six years old he came with his parents to Randolph, Vt, and lived there until 1830, and then moved to Lincoln, where he has since resided. He married Miss Caroline Kent October 23, 1835, by whorn he had a son and a daughter ; the latter died in its infancy. The son, George F., is the head of the firm Pope, Berry & Hall, jobbers in tea and spices, BurUngton, Vt His wife died October 19, 1841, and August 22, 1848, he married Mrs. Mercy Dow, whose maiden name was Farr, by whom he had one son, Charles Edward. WiUiam W. Pope was elected justice of the peace in 1834 and town clerk in 1839, which two offices he held untU 1870, when, on account of his age and partial loss of memory, he refused to serve any longer. In 1836, and for five or six successive years, he represented the town in the General Assembly, and again in 1850. As a legislator he was careful and considerate, but a firm and earnest advocate of what he considered right and justice, and equally as earnest in denouncing wrong. In i860 he was chosen associate judge of the 512 History of Addison County. Addison County Court. In his prime he was a man of more than ordinary mental ability and strength. His counsel and advice on legal points were clear and concise. His familiarity and knowledge of the statutory law of the State and the rulings of the higher courts, with his sound and careful judgment com bined, rendered him a safe artd able counselor Until within about ten or twelve years, when his memory became somewhat impaired, he was one of the princi pal men in the management of the business of the town. Not a single posi tion of trust or responsibUity that his townsmen could bestow upon him, but what he has held, and discharged the duties pertaining to it in a satisfactory manner The aggregate number of years that he has held office iu the town is far more than that of any other man. He was a strict temperance man, and a strong advocate of its principles; a constant attendant upon the public worship of God whenever his health would permit ; well versed in the sacred Scriptures, and for many years an active member of the Sabbath- school, and a large por tion of the time the teacher of a Bible class. He died at his residence of Bright's disease, April 1 6, 1 880. Hon. Daniel H. Sargent, a son of Moses and Sally Sargent, was born in Lincoln February 26, 1821. He married Mary Jane Hill, of Starksboro, by whom he had four children — Sewell J., Lois (Mrs. Howard Clark), Alson M., and WilUam H., aU of whom live in town. His second wife was Mrs. George (Brooks) Nichols, daughter of Obed Brooks, by whom he had four children, Herbert C, George A., Mary J., and Wallace. Mr. Sargent was at an early age placed in positions of trust by his townsmen, and always faithfully dis charged the duties of his office. In 1845, at the age of twenty-four years, he was chosen one of the selectmen of the town, and held that office nine years. He was justice of the peace nineteen years ; a member of the Legislature in 1855 and i860; assistant judge of the County Court in 1876 and '"]"]. He died June 7, 1879, on the farm where he was born and where he has ever since resided. No better eulogy can be given than the following extract from an obituary of Mrs. Ellen Johnson : " In this afflictive stroke from the hands of an all-wise Providence not only does a family suffer the loss of a kind and in dulgent husband and father, but a community has lost a prominent and highly respected citizen. Mr. Sargent has long been looked upon as one of our most worthy men. His legal knowledge, careful judgment, candor, and strict integ rity combined to render him an able adviser, and his opinion has been prized by such as have had occasion to seek advice. It cannot be said of him, ' He had no enemies.' Such eulogies are for men of less firmness and stabilty of character; but it may be truly said he had many friends, and those most intimately acquainted with his character esteemed him most highly." Rev. Nathaniel Stearns was born in Monkton in 1780. He came to Lincoln in 1835 and estabUshed the M. E. Church of this place. He died in Ripton in 1852. His two sons, James L. and Joseph M., resided in town untU their Town of Monkton. 513 decease — the former March 17, 1874, aged fifty-four years, the latter November 12, 1884, aged sixty-nine years. Three of the children of James L. now reside here, Miltort J., Mary S., artd Wesley R., the former a merchant at the Center Four of the children of Joseph M. also reside here, Lovina (Mrs. Zeno Page), Cynthia (Mrs. C. F. Murray), Sabra, and Elwood. Rev. Zenas C. Pickett was born in Hope, Hamilton county, N. Y., AprU 27, 1807. His first charge as an itinerant preacher was on the "Wells Mis sion," N, Y. He was stationed on the Lincoln charge in 1 870, where he re mained three years, and again in 1876, preaching another term of three years. In 1879 on account of his health he located in town, having purchased a small place. The fiftieth anniversary of his married life was celebrated July 8, 1881. The foUowing extract is from an address of the pastor of the M. E. Church, Rev. Amos Osborn, delivered at the wedding anniversary, which seemed al most prophetic of his death, which came as a welcome messenger only ten days later: " I congratulate you in view of the near approach of your departure from earth heavenward. Your sun, aye, mine too, is in the western sky; the shadows of evening are gathering. ' I brush the dews from Jordan's banks ; the crossing must be near.' Soon a voice will be heard, ' Come up higher' I am quite sure you will answer, ' Come, Lord Jesus, come quickly ; I am pre pared to go.' " CHAPTER XXVI. history of the town of monkton. MONKTON, situated in the northern part of Addison county, is bounded north by Hinesburg in Chittenden county; east by Starksboro; south by Bristol and New Haven, and west by Ferrisburgh. The surface is very moun- tairtous, the principal elevation being Hogback Mountain, which extends across nearly the whole eastern portion of the town from north to south. The west ern part of the town is drained by Little Otter Creek (and its tributaries), as it flows northwest through Ferrisburgh into the lake. The principal stream in the eastern part is Pond Brook, which rises in Bristol Pond, in the north part of Bristol, and flows north into Hirtesburg. The scenery of the town is varied and picturesque, whUe the hills and mountains are filled with innumerable natural curiosities, among which is a huge cavern irt the northwest part of the town. The orifice which forms the entrance is at the bottom of a chasm in the rocks on a side hill. It contains two apartments, one of which is about thirty feet in length by sixteen wide. Monkton was chartered by Governor Benning Wentworth on the 24th of Jurte, 1762, and contained an area of 24,000 acres, divided into seventy shares. 514 History of Addison County. Accordirtg to tradition, John Bishop was the first settler in town. His farm was on the Ridge, upon which he undoubtedly located with the idea, so preva lent in those days, that the heights were better than the valleys for the habita tions of men. He came in 1774. The same year witnessed the arrival of Barnabas Barnum, whose followers of the same name originated "Barnum- town," and John and Ebenezer Stearns, who lived in the rtorth part of the towrt, just south of the Hinesburg line. The settlement was broken up and dispersed by the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, and all attempts to clear the forests and cultivate the fields were replaced by endeavors to stem the ap proaching tide of British tyranny and misrule, and repel the arrogant invaders. Between the close of the war and the year 1787, however, we find that the following settlers took up lands in Monkton, and, by taking the freeman's oath, evinced a determination to remain. John Ferguson settled in that portion of the original town of Monkton which was afterward set off to Starksboro. At an early day he represented the town in the Legislature. He has descendants now living in Starksboro. Others who lived in this neighborhood were the following: Richard and Samuel Barnum; Stephen Haight, who settled on the place now occupied by Norman Finney. He was for many years a leading member of the Legislature, a sheriff, and a judge ofthe County Court He died on the 12th of January, 1841, at Wash ington, D. C, aged fifty-eight years, while holding the office of sergeant-at- arms in the Senate of the United States. The body thereupon voted an ap propriation to pay the expenses of carrying his remains to Burlington for burial. Samuel Barnum was for a number of years a justice of the peace, and a mem ber of the Legislature. He died in Vergennes at the residence of his son. General A. W. Barnum. Abijah Barnum also settled originally at Barnum- town, but was of a locomotive disposition; also Jesse, Theron, and Moses Barnum. James Tobias, a Quaker, married a sister of Amos Barnum's wife. Johnson Finney located on the place on which Norman Finney, his son, now hves. Frederick Carter lived a little toward Vergennes from Barnumtown. Isaiah Sanford lived in Barnumtown. William Garret carried on a store a lit tle way south of Barnumtown. Miles Bates lived a short time in Barnumtown and removed to the Borough. Among the other early settlers may be mentioned Daniel Smith, grand father of Daniel Ladd, who settled on the farm one mile north of the Borough, now owned by the estate of Lucius Smith. He was a gifted counsel, and was for several years a representative of the town in the Legislature. He died in 1 8 12. Silas Hardy located a Uttle south of Ebenezer Stearns, and about one and a half mUes north of the Borough. David Ferriss settled about one mile west of the Borough on the place now owned by Mrs. Ward, of Char lotte. He removed many years ago to Ohio. Aurey Cronkhite lived and died near the Starksboro line. Frederick Smith was an early settler on the hM'/i, ^^^^^^^ Town of Monkton. 515 place in the Borough, now occupied by Carlton Deart. Leonard Haight hved toward the Bristol line, Jesse Lyman, son of David Ferriss, was for several years a resident of Monkton, and afterward of Vergennes. He was a major of militia, and an able officer under General Strong at the battle of Plattsburgh. Buel Hitchcock, the first physician irt town, Uved in the vicinity of the Ridge. He built the first grist-mill in town, and after Uving here some years re moved to St Lawrence county, N. Y. Noble Saxton settled in the Borough. Hezekiah Smith, brother to Daniel, located in the Borough on the site now occupied by Harvey Potter. Thomas Smith, a distant relative of Daniel Smith, married the latter's sister and settled in East Monkton, on the place now occupied by Leonard Meech. Nathaniel Dean was grandfather of Thad deus Dean, who now resides in town. Enos Knapp lived toward Starksboro, about half a mile east of the Ridge. Paul Atwood came to Monkton from Ben nington in 1790, and died here at the age of ninety-two years. His son, Levi E. Atwood, in 1803 or 1804, then a boy of twelve years, while on his way to the mill in Starksboro broke a willow switch, and on his return home stuck it in the ground, where it now stands a gigantic tree. Cyrus W. Atwood, of Starksboro, is a son of Levi. Daniel CoUins, jr., lived in the second house south of where Daniel Ladd now lives. He was for many years a deputy sheriff, judge of the County Court, and has been a representative in the Legislature. Joseph Willoughby was an early settler east of the Ridge, on the place now owned by Mrs. Willoughby Smith, Sylvanus Smith, brother of Thomas, lived on the place now owned by Casper Dean. Swift Chamberlain settled about a mile northwest of the Borough, on the place now owned by Henry Baldwin. Martin Lawrence lived in the Borough in the house now owned by Daniel Ladd, opposite his residence. Mr. Lawrence built this house. Elijah Branch was an early settler in the Ridge district, on the place where the widow of George CoUins now lives. Robinson Mumford, from Bennington, settled in 1 79 1 north of the Ridge, on the place now occupied by Ira Day, who married a daughter of Josiah Mumford, Robinson's son. Robinson Mumford held for many years the office of justice of the peace, and was a leading member of the Baptist Church. An old elm still standing on the homestead is said to be the largest and most symmetrical elm in the county. It measures twenty-three feet in circumference, is one hundred and eight years old, and shades an area of nearly a quarter of an acre. Moses Pingree lived in the Borough on the present site of the Methodist parsonage. Adolph Lattin settled east of the Borough, under the mountain. Samuel Webb established himself on the place now owned by Ashbel Dean, west of the Borough. He was a carpenter by trade, and came to Mortkton as early as 1790. He died November 19, 1838, aged seventy-one years. His son Daniel still resides in town at the age of eighty- seven years, with his wife, Sophia (Conger), who is eighty-five, and has passed the sixtieth anrtiversary of their wedding. Daniel Webb was town treasurer of 5i6 History of Addison County, Monkton for thirty consecutive years. Daniel Smith came to Monkton in 1780, from Bennington, and settled on the farm now owned by the widow of L. E. Smith. The severaj members of his family have figured among the most prominent men of the town. He was a councilor, and for twelve years town representative. He had seven children. Luman B. became a prominent law yer in Monkton ; Lucius E. was first chosen to the Legislature in 1858-59, and afterward served eight terms, and in 1866-67 was elected State senator. Nich olas Holmes, from Nine Partners, N. Y., came to Monkton in 1787, and settled on the place now occupied by H. R. Baldwin. He was a member of the So ciety of Friends. He had a family of eight children. Jonathan, his son, and afterward Andrew, his grandson, succeeded to the estate. Beers StUson, from New Milford, Conn., came here in 1783, and soon after located where his son and grandsons now live. He married Eunice Dodge, and had a family of four sons and one daughter, of whom Alpheus, of Monkton, and Leman, of Lin coln, are the only ones now living. Solomon Barton came to this town from New York in 1785, and selected for his home the place now occupied by A. J. Cushman. His second son, Moses, built the house now occupied by H. JeweU, in 1812. Mrs. Jewell is a daughter of Moses. Ashbel Dean, with his brother Benjamin, came to Monkton soon after the close of the Revolutionary War, in which he had served six years. He located on the old stage road near Bar numtown. He was at the battle of Eutaw Springs, Yorktown, and other en gagements. He married a daughter of Jehiel Barnum, and had a famUy of nine children. The house now occupied by T. N. Dean was built by Captain Lemuel Kendrick, and is the oldest in the viUage. Eleazer Finney came here from New Milford, Conn., in 1785, and settled on the farm now owned by his great-grandson, H. J. Finney, which has ever remained in the family. Eleazer held the office of justice of the peace for nearly fifty years, and at different pe riods held various other town offices. Being given to the composition of po etry, he won the title of " Monkton's Bard." He died on February 28, 1859, aged eighty-four years. Daniel Collins, father of Daniel, jr., before mentioned, came from New Milford, Conn., in 1789, and died here on August 22, 1844. He had four sons, Nathan, David, Edmund, and Daniel, and one daughter, Phebe. Hezekiah Smith came here from Bennington in 1780, in company with three brothers, Daniel, Champion, and Samuel. He was by trade a shoemaker, but after coming here he kept a tavern at the Borough. His eldest son, Horatio A., was a physician of Monkton. Ebenezer Barnum, from Litchfield, Conn., came to this town in 1786. His son, John Barnum, was then five years of age. John afterward married Abbie Dean, with whom he passed a married life of sixty-six years. He was a prominent man in town, and took an active part in the War of 18 12. He died in 1878, aged ninety-eight years. Josiah Fuller, from Bennington, reached Monkton in 1788, and settled on a farm now owned by Ethan Lawrence. He had ten children, of whom the eldest, Sylvanus, went Town of Monkton, 517 to the battle of Plattsburgh, and was never after heard from. Milton, the only son who remained in town, became a prominent citizen, and died here at the age of severtty-severt years on the farm now owned by his son Jonas. Stephen Fuller Uved where Daniel Meader now resides. David Fuller is his son. Jo seph WiUoughby, the second representative of the town, built about 178 1 the house in which the widow of his grandson, D. W. Smith, now lives. Josiah Lawrence, a native of Norwich, Conn., a soldier of the Revolution, reached Monkton some time before 1790, and settled at the north end of Hogback Mountain, where hediedini83S. His grandson, Daniel Lawrence, now occupies the old homestead. Eliakim Beers located in 1790 on the farm now occupied by his grandson, L. E. Beers. He died in 1870, aged ninety-five years. Da vid Roscoe came from Cortrtecticut irt 1795, and settled in Barnumtown, where he owned three hundred acres of land — the place now occupied by P. Parents. Dan Stone, a graduate from WiUiams College, came to Monkton from Con necticut in 1795, and engaging in the practice of medicine, became one of the most prominent physicians in this region. Of his three sons, Dan and George became physicians, engaged in practice here and in Vergennes, and in 1857 went to Illinois. Charles remained in town until he reached the age of fifty- three years, when, in 1857, he died. His son, Charles H. Stone, now lives on the old "Dart farm." Nathan G. Baldwin, from New MUford, Conn., came to Monkton in 1793, settUng on the farm now owned by S. Miles, and erecting a log house. He had a family of five sons ; two of them, Albert N. and Jay N., now live on the home farm. Two others, Henry R. and E. D., are still residents of the town. George Dart, also from New Milford, came to Monkton in 1789, and bought one hundred acres of land of David Ferris, to pay for which he returned to Connecticut and made one hundred axes, valued at twenty pounds, and delivered them to Ferris. The farm is now owned by Charles H. Stone. John Thomas, from Connecticut, settled in the town in 1796, and died here in 1799, leaving a wife and nine children. His widow married Dr. Dan Stone in 1800. Nathan Williams, born in 1772, came to Monkton very early, and married Lois, daughter of Isaac Stearns. At the time of his death he owned the farm now occupied by L. E. Beers. He had six chUdrert, three of whom remained in town. Thomas Tracey, from Man chester, N. H., came to Monkton in 1790, and settled on the farm now owned by John White, Stephen Ballou came to Monkton in 1803, and engaged in the business of a tanner and manufacturer. The tannery which now stands in the rear of Gee's blacksmith shop was erected by him. His son PhiUip C, born here on July 23, 1806, studied medicine with Horatio Smith, of New Haven, and settled in Monkton, where he carried on an extensive practice for more than forty years. Ira Ladd came from Pittsford, Vt., in 1 805, and opened a general store at Barnumtown, and was many years a justice of the peace. Leonard Deming, father of Mrs. Ladd, was a native of Addison 5i8 History of Addison County, county, and irt early life a blacksmith. He was afterward the author of Dem ing's Vermont Officers and a collection of legal cases entitled Remarkable Events. Calvin Wheaton came from Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1802, and settled in the valley of Pond Brook. He was a clothier by trade, and worked in a cloth factory below Barnumtown. He died in 1853, aged eighty-four years. James Cox, from Long Island, N. Y., came herein 181 1 and settled on a farm about half a mile south of where William J. Cox now resides. He was the first tailor in town. John French, a blacksmith, located in Monkton about 1800, and worked many years for Captain Lemuel Kendrick. He married Hannah Smith and had a family of five children, of whom two are living: Matthew O., in Monkton, and John W., in Iowa. Mr. French died in 1852, and his wife in 1869. H. B. WiUiams has a large and valuable collection of Indian relics, which were found on a bluff on his farm near Bristol Pond, where it is supposed a favorite camping-ground ofthe Indians was located. Nearby is a burial place of theirs, where many bones have been disinterred, and one complete skeleton found. The place was discovered by workmen who were engaged in digging gravel for a dam, and bones were found so numerous that the men were obliged to desist from their labor and procure gravel elsewhere. Other early settlers were David Robarts, Lemuel Hardy, John Brock, Eli jah Bishop, William KeUogg, Benjamin Haight, James Brock, Zenas White, John Gilson, Captain Daniel Herrick, Warren Barlow, James Dean, Abel Par ker, Isaac Knapp, Rufus Finney, Ephraim Page, Calvin HiU, Isaac Hill, Alex ander Durand, Nathaniel Fisk, Ezekiel Hodges, Daniel Hodges, George Duel, John Atkin, John Downing, Tilley Weiler, Henry Haddock, John BurUng,i Partridge Thatcher. Town Organization. — The first town meeting was held at the house of Richard Barnum on the 28th of March, 1786, and the foUowing officers were elected : Horace Hervey, moderator ; Samuel Barnum, town clerk ; John Bishop, jr., John Ferguson, Samuel Barnum, selectmen ; Frederick Smith, town treasurer ; John Allen, constable ; Stephen Fuller, Horace Hervey, Richard Barnum, listers; Daniel Smith, grand juror, and brander of horses; Elijah Bishop, and Silas Hardy, hog haywards. At a meeting held on the 20th of October, 1786, it is ascertained that one highway had been laid out according to a vote of the proprietors of Monkton, from the north line to the south, and four rods wide ; and another from the Ferrisburgh road on the west line of the town to the north line of the town, same width. On the 24th of October, 1786, a highway was laid out from south to north, beginning within " lot No. 7 of the first divisiort, and intersectirtg the north line opposite No. 116.'' 1 Undoubtedly a member of that numerous family of Burlings from which the principal city in the State derived its name. Town of Monkton. 519 On the 1 2th of May, 1787, a highway was laid out from the Hinesburg road north and south from Mr FuUer's by Esquire Barber's to John Bishop's. At another meetirtg, held on the 3d of November, 1787, at the house of Frederick Smith, it was voted to divide the town into two districts " for pur poses of schooling," and that the south district extend as far north as John Brock's, on the west side of Mill Brook, and the north district as far south as " Fraderick Smith's," on the east side of Mill Brook. Early Busirtess. — The streams in Monkton affording few good mill advart- tages, the early, as well as the present inhabitants, devoted their time chiefly to agricultural pursuits. The first grist-miU mentioned in the records was owned and operated by Ebenezer Stearns. Another early grist-miU was run by Mr Shattuck in the same neighborhood in which his son Charles now Uves. He also ran a saw-miU. Johnson Finney ran about the first saw-miU in town, on the place in Barnumtown now owned by Norman Finney. Stod dard HoUis, and later his son George, operated a large tannery in the Borough, which Stephen BaUou erected. The building now stands at the rear of Ed ward Gee's blacksmith shop. Silas Hardy also ran one for a time in the rtorth part of the town. Among the early merchants was Clark Smith, who kept a store in the Bor ough just south of Dean's present store. Zachariah Beckwith was some time in company with Smith and then went to Middlebury, where his son Smith Beckwith now lives. The first tavern was erected during the Revolution by Mr Barnum, and still stands in a modernized dress, now owned and occupied by Ashbel Dean. Near it, where the Methodist Church stands, was a whipping-post and pillory. It is related that one Carly, a Quaker, was condemned to stand for hours in the pUlory as a penalty for getting in hay on the Sabbath, and that he was cheered in his punishment by his wife, who brought her knitting and sat on a stone near by. Another early tavern was kept just north of the Borough, where Harvey Potter now lives, by Hezekiah Smith. He died in 18 13 of the epidemic. William Niles then married his widow, who was a Willoughby, and kept the house for some years. Luman V. Smith kept a tavern in the Borough, in the house now occupied by F. H. Dean. Chauncey Hutchins succeeded Smith, and was followed by L. C. Keeler. The hotel in the village, now kept by M. F. Muzzey, was built (the main part) by William Kingsley, as many as fifty- five years ago, for a private house. He also built the store building now occu pied by F. H. Dean. About 1845 James Miner converted this private house into a taverrt, and employed L. C. Keeler to manage it Since then the most prominent landlords have been Reuben Wickware, Daniel Isham, George Tobey, Piatt Gage, and Elmer Collins. Lewis Osier, who was here about six years, immediately preceded the present proprietor Mr Muzzey opened the house on the 24th of April, 1885. 520 History of Addison County. Present Business. — The only saw-miU now in operatiort irt Monkton is in the northeast part of the town, operated by C. Nash, who built up au old dis mantled mUl about a year ago. He runs a small provender mill there too. The Kaolin Works have been under the managemertt of B. F Goss, of Ver gennes, since 1 864 ; first as B. F. Goss, then Goss & Talbott, and finally, as it still remains, Goss & Gleason (C. J. Gleason, of Morttpelier, being the partner). The works employ thirteen men, with an average product of 1,500 tons per an num. The kaolin is used principally as a " filling " in the manufacture of paper. A large proportion of their product is sold in New York. The store building now occupied by F. H. Dean at the village was erected, as we have just seen, by William Kingsley. Mr. Deart has traded here since January, 1879, succeed ing H. O. Smith, who had been here for over twenty years. His father, Tim othy Smith, preceded him for many years. H. W. Clifford has kept a store at the Ridge for about a year. Physicians. — There is but one physician now in practice in town. Dr. 0. L. Nimblet was born on the i6th of January, 1832, in Monkton, on the place StUl occupied by his mother, Althea (WiUiams) Nimblet. He studied medicine with Dr P. C. Ballou, then of Monkton (who died October i, 1884), after which he attended the medical department of Dartmouth College. He was afterward graduated from the University of Vermont, at BurUngton, on the 5th of June, 1854. He came here at once to practice. In August, 1853, he married Sarah V. Mason, of Starksboro. He is now living with his second wife, formerly Mrs. E. C. Weiler, of Monkton, whom he married on the 2d of January, 1886. His father, Hosea Nimblet, came to Monkton rtot long after 1820, and after working out a while by the month, located on the place now occupied by his widow. Hosea Nimblet died on the 8th of August, 1879, aged seventy-nine years and three months. Post-offices. — One of the earliest postmasters in the village, or Borough, as we have been calling it, was Edmund CoUins, who had the office a number of years, Charles Dean also had the office many years. Daniel Dean, T. C. Smith, Ira Ladd, and Harrison Smith brought the office down to 1879, when the present incumbent, F H. Dean, was appointed. The first postmaster at Monkton Ridge was Dr. Philip C. Ballou, who held the office a few years, untU his death in 1884. Fred Skiff followed him, but under the present administra tion gave place to Arthur Bidwell, who holds it now. Military. — At the outbreak of the Revolution John Bishop, with several sons, and Ebenezer Stearns, were captured by Tories and Indians and taken to Canada, and the settlement was broken up till after the war Tradition says Bishop had some wheat-stacks to which the Indians were about to set fire, when Mrs. Bishop, knowing them to be her main dependertce, appeared with hot water, which she threw so vigorously that the Indians, admiring her courage, spared the stacks. Bishop and his sons were again returned to their homes. Town of Monkton. 521 Bishop was noted for his eccentricities ; for instance, when any one came to the marsh, near where he lived, to pick cranberries, he always demanded a portion, for the reason that he brought the seed with him from New Milford. He also demanded a share of all the fish in art adjacent pond, as he had brought the original stock from the same place, in a leather bag, supplying fresh water from time to time, on his way. Barnabas Barnum met with a more tragic fate. On the alarm being given at the siege of Shelburne block-house, he repaired, with others, to the scene of action, artd fell in the bloody skirmish of March 12, 1778. Monkton, in common with the other towns in this part of the State, took vigorous and active measures to repel the invaders of the War of 18 12, and it is not a pleasant reflection that the time has passed when the names and deeds of her heroes in that struggle could be inscribed on the pages of history. The great RebeUion, however, is too recent in the memory of men now living to admit of omission. The names of those who went from Monkton to this war irt Vermont regiments are as follows : Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : E. Barney, H. E. Barnum, J. P. Barnum, P. Begor, W. Boughton, A. J. Bull, G. E. CoUins, M. Coh, A. L. Cox, C. D. Dean, M. Degree, T R. Dunn, J. Elliott, jr, L. C. Finch, A. Freeman, H. J. Freeman, W. Freeman, W. W. Gage, F. Greenough, J. S. Hays, A. D. Hyer, G. HiU, W. Higby, L. Lapointe, A. C. Little, W. P. Morgan, A. Page, H. B. Potter, A. Rivers, J. P. Rosco, C. H. Sears, C. C. Sears, O. Shepherd, S. Shepherd, H. Sherman, S. Stebbins, J. Stillson, J. S. Tracy, W. H. Tracy, J. J. Weaver, G. W. Weiler, S. A. Wright. Credits under caU of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls: Volunteers for three years. — J. N. Baldwin, E. T. Collins, E. S. Collins, O. Demmins, A. Derby, O. B. Hutchins, J. Kingsley, J. Lamson, J. Osier, P. Osier, P. Owen, P. Parents, E. Steady, F. Stone, H. C. Sweet, C. Van Steenburgh. Volunteers for one year. — H. Bostwick, I. Briggs, C. Comstock, H. J. Free man, J. Greene 3d, A. E. Lamson, E. Sears. Volunteers re-enlisted. — E. Barney, P. Begor, M. Colt, A. L. Cox, J. S. Hayes. EnroUed men who furnished substitute. — L. E. Beers, O. W. Eaton, George F. Skiff, J. B. Smith, L. E. Smith, W. W. Wyman. Not credited by name. — Three men. Volunteers for nine months. — J. Baldwin, J. Cogue, M. Furlong, E. F. HaU, N. Hawley, jr, H. L. Hurlburt, K. Melainliff, J. C. Moulton, J. Rounds, H. H. Spooner, L. Steady, G. R. Toby. Furnished under draft. — Paid commutation, T. DiUon, C. Hyer, O. Nimblet, F. B. Partch, S. Tracy. Procured substitute, D. B. Collins, E. Hill, B. S. Law rence. 522 History of Addison County. Present Officers. — The town officers of Monkton, elected at the March meet ing for 1885, are as follows: F. H. Dean, town clerk; treasurer and agent, L. E. Smith (since deceased); selectmen, John A. Palmer, L. E. Meech, Charles Thomas; constable, H. R. Baldwin; superintendent of schools. Dr. O. L. Nim blet; listers, George W. Day, L. E. Beers, WiUiam M. Dean; overseer ofthe poor, L. E. Meech. Population Statistics. — The population of this town has varied since the taking of the first census in 1791, as follows: 1791, 450; 1800, 880; 1810, 1,248; 1820, 1,152; 1830, 1,384; 1840, 1,310; 1850, 1,246; i860, 1,123; 1870, 1,006; 1880, 1022. ECCLESIASTICAL. The first church organized in town was the Calvinistic Baptist, formed July 24, 1794, with a membership of twelve. The society, though limited in num bers, still holds regular services. Rev. Ira Kellogg acting as pastor, and Albert Baldwin as Sabbath-school superintendent The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1 797 by Joseph Mitchell, the first pastor. There being no convenient center in the town, the society has three different places of worship: at the church in East Monkton, the town house at Monkton Ridge, and the church iu Barrtumtown, one service being held at each place on alternate Sabbaths, served by one pastor. Rev. Delano Perry. The first church at Barnumtown was erected in 1 8 1 1 , and rebuilt in 1854. Its original cost was $1,250, and now with seating capacity for two hundred and fifty persons, is valued at $4,500. The building at East Monk- tort, erected in 1867, will accommodate two hundred and fifty persons, cost $2,000, and is now valued, including grounds, at $2,500. The society is at present in a prosperous state, with many members. The Friends' Society, located at Monkton Ridge, was organized by Joseph Hoag in 1 798, he also acting as their first minister. Their first building was erected about the year 1800. The present house will seat two hundred and fifty persons, and was erected in 1878, at a cost of $1,200. It is now valued, including grounds, at $2,400. The society has about eighty members, with W, L. Dean, Fred Skiff, and Samuel Miles, elders. CHAPTER XXVIL HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF NEW HAVEN. 1 NEW HAVEN is situated in the central part of Addison county, iu latitude 44° 6' and longitude 30° 53', between the Green Mountains on the east and Grartd View artd Buck Mountains on the west. Some parts of it are mod- 1 Prepared for this work, substantially, by the late Edward S. Dana, of New Haven. Town of New Haven. 523 erately roUing, and there are pleasant vaUeys and fine streams. The greater part of the rocks underlying the soil are limestone and red sandrock, the for mer cropping out in ledges and furnishing materials for lime and building pur poses. There are also quarries of fine marble. The soil consists of clay and loam, with alluvial deposits; along the several streams in many places are bowlders and pebbles, deposited here during the drift period. The town was originally covered with a heavy growth of timber, consisting principally of maple, beech, birch, elm, basswood, walnut, pine, oak, hemlock, etc. In the central and northeastern parts were low, swampy tracts, covered with a heavy growth of cedar Springs of pure, cold water are abundant, and the town is well supplied with streams. New Haven River enters the town near the southeast corner, washing the whole southern portion, and flows into Otter Creek near the southwest corner. Otter Creek, which flows to the north, forms a part of the southwestern boundary of the town. Little Otter Creek rises in the central part of the town, flows northwesterly into Ferrisburgh, and thence into Lake Champlain. The Central Vermont Railroad extends through the entire western portion of the town, having two mail stations, at Brooksville and New Haven Depot. The town is bounded on the north by Ferrisburgh, Monk- ton, and Bristol; east by Bristol; south by Middlebury and Weybridge, and west by Weybridge and Waltham. On November 2, 1761, Governor Benning Wentworth granted to John Evarts and sixty-one associates, in sixty-eight shares, and according to the charter to contain 25,040 acres, an area of a little more than six miles square. This John Evarts, of Salisbury, Conn., was that year deputed to repair to Portsmouth, N. H., and obtain charters of two townships. He first designed to locate them on the sites of Clarendon and Rutland ; but learning that char ters already covered that region, and the territory north of Leicester had not been granted, and having some knowledge of the lower falls on Otter Creek (now Vergennes), he began at these falls, laying off his townships south of that place, and bounded on the west by the creek. Finding a sufficient extent of territory between Leicester and the falls named for three townships, he ob tained that number of charters, having redistributed the names of the appli cants in such a manner as to secure the grants of three instead of two. This town he named New Haven, after the capital of his own State. To designate the starting point more permanentiy than " a tree marked," a cannon was in serted in a hole in a rock, with the muzzle upward. This cannon has ever since been the guiding landmark not only of New Haven and Salisbury, but of Middlebury, inasmuch as Middlebury took its boundaries from the south line of New Haven, and Salisbury from the south line of Middlebury. In process of years this cannon became hidden from view by the accumulation of soil, and which, from repeated additions, now covers it to the depth of several feet ; but a bar of iron seasonably inserted in the muzzle can now be seen protrud ing above the superincumbent material. 524 History of Addison County. In the charter Governor Wentworth reserved to himself five hundred acres in the northwest corner of the town, considered equivalent to two shares ; as signed for the gospel and schools four other shares, and one to each of the other grantees. Although chartered in 1 761, the town remained an unbroken wUderness until 1769. A few famUies that year removed from Salisbury, Conn., and set tled near the creek in what is now Waltham and Vergennes. Among them were John Griswold and family of five sons, and twelve other settlers, among whom were Phineas Brown and Joshua Hyde. Here were made considerable improvements ; a saw-miU was erected by Griswold and others at the falls in Vergennes, then called New Haven Falls; but they were surprised from their quiet labor by the advent of Colonel Reid, of New York, with a body of armed dependents, who claimed the land on both sides of Otter Creek for a distance of two miles on each shore, from its mouth to Sutherland FaUs, by right of a patent from the governor of his State. The settlers were forcibly ejected and tenants of his own put into possession, who built more houses and a grist-mill. These were in turn dispossessed by Ethan Allen and his brave men, their houses and grist-miU destroyed, and the rightful owners put in possession of their property. In July, 1773, Colonel Reid again came on with a number of Scotch emigrants and again expelled the first settlers, and repaired the mill. When this became known at Bennington, Allen and his followers proceeded immediately to New Haven FaUs and forcibly reinstated their friends. They broke the mill-stones and threw them over the falls. They also erected a fort a short distance above the falls and garrisoned it with a small party under com mand of Ebenezer Allen, and after this received no further molestation from the " Yorkers." ^ But the settlers had scarcely begun to feel safe from raids from this quarter, before the settlement was again broken up and the records destroyed by the noted Jacob Sherwood, a Tory and "Yorker" of Revolu tionary memory. Few of the original grantees of the town ever became actual settlers. A few were represented among the latter by their children, but most of them sold their shares to the actual settlers at a nominal value. But little is known of the proceedings of the proprietors previous to the settlement of the town, ow ing to the loss of records ; but it is evident from the records of other towns that they did business up to 1774. The earliest record at our command is dated Salisbury, March 23, 1774, which reads as follows: "Then the proprie tors of the township of New Haven (a township lately granted under the great seal of the Province of New Hampshire, now in the Province of New York) met according to a legal warning in the Connecticut Current, at the dwelling house of Capt. Samuel More, Innholder in Salisbury in Litchfield County and Colony of Connecticut in New England. Firstly Voted." (No proceedings registered.) 1 See history of Vergennes in this work. Town of New Haven. 525 The next record is as follows: "New Haven, October 10, 1774. Thert the proprietors of this town met according to the adjournment of a legal meet ing of said proprietors of the 23 of March last. First voted Andrew Barton moderator for said meeting, in the room of the old moderator he being absent, 2ond, voted Justus Sheerwood Proprietors Clerk. 3rd, voted to adjourn said meeting to Stewards in said town for the space of half an hour. 4th, voted that a certain parcel of land be given to the further and more speedy settling of the town. Whereas the settlement of the township of New Haven has been much hindered, by repeated encroachments from noxious claimants, and by reason of the small number of settlers, those which were actual residents have been great sufferers, and several times by force expelled from the prem ises. For the future to prevent the like illegal intrusion, and for the more speedy settlement of this town, the proprietors do therefore 5th, vote to give 60 acres of land out of each right or share of land throughout this Town, which land shall be given to as many of the undernamed, as shall settle the same by the first day of June, 1775. 150 acres to each man that erects a house, and actually resides and improves on his lot for the space of five years, or brings a man in his room to do said duty, and on his so settling by the first of June, he shaU have a conditional deed, to secure him in doing the above duty. And that, on any man's failure of so doing the duty, his land shall re vert back to those that gave it. Likewise voted, Seth Warner, Ethan Allen, Noah Lee, Committee to procure deeds for the adventurers. 6th, Voted that Robert Cockran, Ethart Allen, Seth Warner, Peleg Sunderland, Samuel Her rick, Elnathan Hubbell, Jesse Sawyer, shall have two years time to settie their part of the land given by the proprietors." The adventurers' names are as follows : Ethart AUert, Seth Warner, Robert Cochran, Samuel Herrick, Peleg Sunderiand, Jesse Sawyer, Elnathan Hubbell, Eben WaUis, Noah Lee, Phineas Brown, John Steward, Andrew Barton, Jus tus Sherwood, John Grizel, Eh Robert, Eleazer Baxter, Justus Webster, Asa hel Blanchard, Sturtevant, WiUiam Lomas, WiUiam Smith, Mathew Ma- cure, Isaac Buck, John Rowly, John Tuff, John Stearns, Amos Weiler, Jona than WiUiams, WUUam Steward, Peletiah Soper, David Torry, Joseph Baker, John Morrill, George Saxton, Josiah Sanborrt. The first three divisions of land were lost ; the fourth was made in June, 1775, each proprietor to receive 100 acres to be laid parallel with the town line, not to exceed 200 rods in length per lot, said division to begin after the above sequestered lands are laid to the above adventurers. " Voted, that Eli Roberts, Andrew Bartort artd Justus Sherwood be committee to make the fourth division. Wilham Steward, Luther Evarts, Justus Sherwood, commit tee to lay out highways." " Voted, Luther Everts to make a plan of the town." It was voted that on each advertturer's lot of one hundred acres, five were given for highways. Justus Webster drew No. 1 2, ou which he settied. At 34 526 History of Addison County. a proprietors' meeting of March 6, 1776, held at John Griswold's house, pro prietors were taxed two dollars or four days' work for " rectifying highways," or for making a plan of the town ; forty acre division made afterward at this meeting as mentioned. The last proprietors' meeting of which record exists was on January 11, 1793. Prior to the Revolution and during that war, settlements were made in va rious parts of the town. Justus Sherwood came in 1774, and settled in June on lot 31, the farm since owned by the late Judge EUas Bottum, and erected his dwelling exactly where Judge Bottum's family graveyard now is. He was proprietors' clerk from the first meeting held in town, October 10, 1774, until probably the latter part of 1776, when he left on account of the war On a visit to Benningtort, being no longer able to disguise his true sentiments, he gave utterance to remarks that denoted sympathy with the royal cause, at which the Whigs of that place, taking offense, tried him before " Judge Lynch," and sentenced him to a punishment of twenty lashes, familiarly known as the " beech seal," which, if not seriously wounding to the body, was humiliating to the feelings of the culprit and but amusing to the spectators. While in New Haven Sherwood was in fact a secret agent of a company of New York land-jobbers, in their pay. and himself engaged at the same time in speculating in the patents issued by the governor of New Hampshire ; and that he might be effectually secured from the hostility of the settlers and maintain with them a free and unsuspected intercourse, he located in a part of the set tlement where he could most effectually subserve their interests. Exasperated at his exposure, he raised a company of RoyaUsts, conducted them to Canada, and entered the British service. After the war he received a pension of a crown a day during life and the grant of 1,200 acres of land in Upper Canada, opposite Ogdensburgh. Before leaving New Haven, having in his hands, as proprietors' clerk, their records, he buried nearly all of them in an iron pot, having a potash-kettle turned over it, near his house, marking the place ; but they were never afterward found. This town has undergone several changes. October 29, 1789, a tract of land on the north called New Haven Gore was annexed to it, and October 29, 1791, a part of the town was annexed to Weybridge. October 23, 1783, a corner was taken to aid in the incorporation of the city of Vergennes, a por tion of which, together with a part of Addison and this town, were in No vember, 1796, taken to form the town of Waltham. Amongst the first permanent settlers, except those already mentioned, were Cook and Andrew Barton in the Waltham part, Justus Sturdevant and David Stowe in the Weybridge part, and Captain MUes Bradley, Enos Peck, Elijah Foot, Elisha Fuller, Bazadeel Rudd, WiUiam Eno and others, in the New Haven part March 20, 1787, the town was organized, with Ebenezer Field, moderator. Town of New Haven. 527 and Elijah Foot, town clerk and treasurer ; Ebenezer Field, Eli Roberts, and Enos Peck, selectmen ; Bazadeel Rudd, William Eno, Asa Wheeler, listers ; Ed. Wright, William Woodbridge, grand jurors ; Nathan Griswold, leather in spector ; Wait Hoyt, Truman Wheeler, Andrew Barton, John Hayward, David Griswold, Robert Wood, Reuben Grenell, Enos Peck, fence viewers. There were eight school districts in 1799. In 1803 there were ten, with 399 scholars in attendance. In 1828 there were 629 scholars in attendartce, artd upward of 500 for a period of thirty years, since which the number has yearly lessened. In 1886 there are twelve whole districts and two fractions, with 260 school children in attendance. The first birth on record is that of Hannah, daughter of Amos P. Sher man, July 20, 1786, in what was at that time New Haven (now Waltham). Martin Eno was born in 1786 or '87. There is littie doubt but that others were born in the vicinity of the fort near Vergennes FaUs before either of those mentioned. The first school-house was built in district No. i, upon the site occupied by the present buUding. This house, it is related, was quite small, so much so as to be considered by the female portion of the community wholly unfit for the purpose for which it was intended. Accordingly, while the men were all away upon a wolf hunt one day, the women repaired to the building with axes, and soon razed it to the ground. A more pretentious affair soon after took its place. The first representative of the town was Phinehas Brown — 1786. The first justice was Elijah Foot — 1787. Others following were Jonathan Hoyt, thirty-five years; Elias Bottum, thirty-two years; Daniel Twitchell, thirty years ; Othniel Jewett, twenty-eight years ; William Nash, twenty years ; Jabez Langdon, eighteen years ; Samuel Chalker, eighteen years ; Calvin Squier, six teen years ; Alfred Roscoe, twelve years ; James Saxton, fifteen years ; Horace Plumley, twelve years ; Horace P. Birge, twelve years. At a town meeting, April 28, I795, a committee was appointed to unite with the proprietors' committee to " complete the business by making out a plan of the whole and petition the General Assembly to tax all the land in said town to defray the expenses thereof; also to petition to pitch the undivided lands, and to establish the first, second, and third divisions as they were origin ally laid, and also the fourth and fifth and other pitches as they are surveyed." The committee was Reuben Field, Andrew Mills, Seth Langdon, Giles Doud, Andrew Squier, and William Eno. Lots drawn under these divisions cannot be given. 1798, Voted "to divide the town if a dividing line can be agreed upon." 1802, agitation over " center of town," and site of meeting-house. In 1794 the Legislature passed an act appropriating to the use of common schools in the Hampshire Grants the shares of the " Society for the Propagation of the Gos pel." But that society, instead of abandoning their claim, transferred it to the 528 History of Addison County. Episcopal Church. That church contested the cortstitutionality of the above mentioned law irt the United States Court After protracted litigation the mat ter was decided in favor of the church. The suit, which was to test the validity of the church's title throughout the State, was brought against the town of New Haven. The share in New Haven for the first settled minister, after an attempt made by the Universalists to obtain it, was, by a vote of the town, ap propriated to the use of common schools. Solomon Brown, an old Revolutionary hero, came to New Haven in 1787, locating upon the farm now owned by his son Ira, and built the first house of logs on that farm. Mr. Brown was not only one of the heroes of the memor able 19th of April, 1775, but he was also the first to shed British blood in that engagement He was also the first to bring the intelligence into Lexington that a number of British officers were on their way thither from Boston ; and when the officers reached Lexington he was one of those who volunteered to follow them and watch their movements, and was taken prisoner by them, together with his companions, Thaddeus Harrington and Elijah Sandersort, though they were detained but a few hours. Solomon was in the army five years, and held the office of sergeant He was also appointed "conductor of supplies " at Fort Schuyler, now Utica, N. Y. After leaving the army he remained in Nine Part ners, N. Y., two years, then came to this town in 1787, as previously men tioned. Mr. Brown was twice married and had a family of seventeen chUdren. Honored and respected, he died at a ripe old age, one of the true, tried spirits that made our country what it is. The Grinnell family was among the early settlers coming from Sahsbury, Conn., and settling on land opposite the Spragues, and north of the Andrew Squier land, on Lanesboro street There were among the children of this Grin nell family two sons, who lived and died in the two houses (for many years, and now, the home of Elisha H. and his son Mills Landon). Myron GrinneU was a highly esteemed citizen. His son, Josiah B., was born December 22, 1821 ; he left home at the age of eighteen years, made his way to Oneida In stitute, graduated there, and then prepared for entering into the ministry ; was first pastor over a church in Union Village, Greenwich, N. Y. His very de cided anti- slavery views led him to leave all else and seek for funds among the willing-hearted philanthropists of Massachusetts for the purpose of founding in Washington, D. C, a Congregational Church. In this he succeeded. He then took a pastorate in New York city, marrying meantime a Miss Chapin, of Springfield, Mass., whose father had been a benefactor to the Washington church enterprise, and dying soon after left landed property in the slave State of Missouri. It became Mr. Grinnell's duty to go there and see about it, and this led to his making a change to the new State of Iowa in 1855. FaUing in, while on this journey, with the men who were then locating the Central Pacific Railroad, they made known to him where would be important points, and from Town of New Haven. 529 the light so given he decided to form a settiement, by returning East and choosing from among former friends ; and it soon came to pass that the town of GrinneU was not only a settiement, but the seat of an institution bearing the name of Iowa College, which not only lived, but is doing faithful work to this day. Walter Grinnell, a brother of Myron, having died, his son Levi and his family were among those who sold their homes in New Haven and removed to the then infant town of GrinneU. After going to Iowa Mr Josiah B. GrinneU was interested in farming also, and became one of the most extensive wool- growers of that State. He was a member of the State Senate for four years, a special agent of the general post-office for two years, and was elected a rep resentative from Iowa to Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress. In June, 1866, L. H. Rousseau, a feUow member, made a personal as sault upon him for words spoken in debate, which resulted in a resolution, which was passed, reprimanding the assailant for " violating the rights and privi leges ofthe House of Representatives." Captain Matthew Phelps came to this town from Connecticut and kept the village hotel. He was quite celebrated as an adventurer, and his memoir was pubUshed by Anthony HasweU, of Bennington, in 1802, and had a large circu lation. Major Matthew Phelps, jr, son of Captain Matthew, was a man of great promise. He was one of the earhest graduates from Middlebury College. In 181 1 he was elected to the Legislature, and in 18 10- 11 was one of the County Court judges. He died while in the War of 18 12. Atlantic Luman Phelps, son of Matthew Phelps, jr., was born in New Haven July 17, 1805. Loyal C. Phelps, born January 16, 1807, a son of Major Matthew, was a native of New Haven. He married Jannette Cook January i, 1839, and was one of the families who were especially invited to share in the making of the town of Grinnell, and they are still living there. Augustus Tripp came from Lanesboro, Mass., in 1781, and settled on the farm recently owned by Henry C. Roscoe. He has no direct descendants in town at the present time. He was succeeded on the farm by his son, Deacon Ansel Tripp, for many years deacon of the Congregational Church, aud who died over twenty- six years ago aged seventy-seven years. He left two sons, A. F. Tripp, of Buffalo, N. Y., and Sheriff Isaac M., who was many years constable in this town, where he married the youngest daughter of the Rev. Ova Hoyt Then moving to Middlebury, he was from 1867 to 1878 sheriff of Addison county. He has now removed to Milwaukee, Wis., and is engaged in manufacturing. Eseck Sprague, from Lanesboro, Mass., located upon the farm untU recently owned by George D. Hinman. In 1787 Mr Sprague came in the winter, his wife coming the following March, making her way on horseback with an infant only six weeks old, who afterward becanie the mother of E. D. Hall. Here Mr. Sprague spent his life in clearing the farm, dying of cancer in 1824. His 530 History of Addison County. son Horace, born October 29, 1793, occupied the farm until his death, Decem ber 30, 1 87 1. Mrs. Sprague was a sister of Lemuel Eldredge; she died in 1885, being nearly ninety-five years old. Austin Hickock was borrt irt Granville, Mass., January 3, 1773, and in 1800 located on the farm now owned by Andrew J. Mason. His first wife was Mary Hinman, of Lanesboro, Mass., by whom he had four children. His second wife was Roxana Cook, of New Haven, by whom he had four children. Of these children Elias B. remairted on the old homestead for some time, but is now living on the place formerly owned by his wife's father, Calvin Sprague. Another son, Milo Judson, was graduated at Middlebury College in 1835 and at Union Theological Seminary, N. Y., in 1841 ; was pastor at Marietta, 0., 1841-44, and at Rochester, N. Y., 1845-50. His last pastorate was at Scran- ton, Pa. His brother, Henry F., graduated at Rochester University, N. Y., and Princeton Seminary, N. J. His first pastorate was at Sandy Hill, N. Y., where he remained two years ; he then located at Orange, N. J., where he has remained up to the present time, with the exception of two years spent at Au burn, N. Y. Julius S. Hickock, son of Charles B., lives in Vergennes. John Hinman settled in 1783 on the farm owned by James Wilson ; mar ried Sarah Rublee February 3, 1799. He came originally from Pittsfield, Mass., and later from Benson, Vt. He was the father of Erastus S. Hinman and Orrin, father of G. D. Hinman and two other brothers. About thirty years ago E. S. Hinman bought of Mr. Jacobs the farm where he subsequently lived and died. He was prominent in social, religious, and educational matters at all times ; he was for many years a magistrate and town official, and in 1854- 55 was one of the judges of the County Court He died July 21, 1885. His first wife, Caroline Reynolds, died March 22, 1854, leaving one daughter, Har riet, who recently married Deacon John C. Wilder, who now owns and occu pies the farm. Judge Hinman's second wife. Miss Amanda Samson, of Corn wall, died December 6, 1885, leaving a daughter, Alice. Orrin Hinman, son of John, married Theda Moore December 18, 183 1. Their son, George D., married Helen Sprague, and lived for many years at the old family home stead of Horace Sprague. They now reside at the Barton Cottage, at the Center. William D., son of Orrin, lives on the Bristol road, and is a dealer in fine horses. The road running north from the vUlage and locally known as Lanesboro street, was settled first from 178 1 to 1792, by families chiefly from Lanesboro, Mass., which gave the street its name. Among them were Ezra Hoyt sr, Seth Hoyt, WiUiam Seymour, Matthew Phelps, George Smith, Andrew Squier, and Seymour Hoyt The names of these men appear frequently in the earlier records of the town as office-holders. Hon. Ezra Hoyt, the son of Ezra and Sarah (Seymour) Hoyt, was born October 16, 1770, in Lanesboro, Mass. In the latter part of the last century Town of New Haven. 531 there was a general movement in that part of Massachusetts to emigrate to the new and rich lands of Vermont, which had just been admitted to the Union. Among the Hoyts there was no one of more ability or influence than the sub ject of this notice. He had married Sarah Smith, of Lanesboro, February 28, 1790. They removed to New Haven two years afterward. The town had been organized only five years and the number of inhabitants was smaU. Mr. Hoyt was able to secure large quantities of land and thus laid the foundation of an ample fortune, owning at one time about sixteen hundred acres. His home was on the spot now occupied by the parsonage of the Congregational Church, which was erected by him in the early part of this century. He is spoken of by old residents as a man of fine presence, with the manners of a gentleman of the old school. His home was an attractive and hospitable one, and his circle of friends was large. He was sent to the Legislature of Vermont as a repre sentative from New Haven nine times. He was also a member of the Gov ernor's CouncU in 1828, '29, and '30. He was elected judge of the Addison County Court in 1813, and re-elected to that office for five successive years, and was again elected in 1823. In 1824 the Probate District of New Haven was established by dividing the district of Addison, and Judge Hoyt was the first judge elected, retiring from that office in 1829. Judge Hoyt was especial ly fortunate in his domestic life. His first wife, who died in New Haven April II, 1798, was the mother of three children — Laura, who became the wife of Colonel Eseck Sprague, late of Constable, N. Y.; Otto Smith, who was a grad uate of Middlebury College and Princeton Seminary ; was an honored and use ful minister of Christ for more than forty years ; and Sarah Jane, who died in infancy. He married as his second wife, Jerusha, daughter of Captain Matthew Phelps, by whom he had six children. Ova Phelps, the eldest, was graduated at Middlebury College and Andover Seminary ; was settled in Cambridge, N. Y., and Kalamazoo, Mich. The next was Sarah, who became the wife of Hon. Stephen Byington, of Hinesburg ; the next daughter, Charlotte, married Elisha H. Landon, of New Haven, and he is the only survivor of the large family circle. The next was Rhoda, wife of the late Rev. R. C. Hand, of Brooklyn, N. Y.; the next was EzraM., who was prepared for college, but was obliged to leave his studies by the failure of his health, and died in middle life at his home in New Haven. He married Charlotte, daughter of Judge Elias Bottum. The youngest son, George, died while a student in Middlebury College. The influence of the home life is indicated by the fact that Judge Hoyt gave to all of his chUdrert the best educatiou which the times enabled him to do. His house was a favorite resort for men of education and intelUgence. He had a large circle of political friends, and his influence extended over the State. He was a friend of and habitual attendant at church, and contributed generously to its support He was the firm friend of Rev. Josiah Hopkins, D.D., who was his pastor for twenty-one years. Middlebury College owes much to his 532 History of Addison County, influence and active support. He died in New Haven after a long illness, Au gust 5, 1 88 1, in his sixty-first year. Jonathan Hoyt, jr., born at Norwalk, Conn., May 7, 1775, removed to New Haven in March, 1802, and first lived in a small house that stood at that time a little north of the present Alvin Squier place. He then removed to a place on Beech Hill, just south of the Solomou Browrt farm, where to-day are standing locust trees, before what is called the old Eno place. His home was there the first few years, the eldest of his children going to school there. The father of the Enos had begun a home on the Lanesboro street corner, a two- story farm house, unfinished at the time of his death ; this house and the land around it Jno. Hoyt bought, and the Eno family removed to Beech HiU. Jonathan Hoyt, jr, was first a deputy sheriff, and then high sheriff of the county in 1811-15— 18. He was for a long time magistrate, for seventeen years town clerk, and in the Legislature in 1809 and 18 10. He was surveyor of highways throughout the county, laying out roads, drawing deeds, making out all sorts of public papers, and settling many estates ; at the same time he kept well going the farming interest He was somewhat peculiar in his char acter, but was an energetic and influential citizen. He died at his home April 5, 1867. He married Chloe Landon ; she was the mother of three children — Lucius, Delia (who is the wife of Judge Tolman Wheeler, of Chicago), and Eliza, who married Lewis Meacham. His father, Jonathan Hoyt, a soldier of the Revolution, removed to town several years later than his son. Lucius settled at Niles, Mich., where he died at the age of forty years. His son, Jonathan MUls, was born at Niles, Mich., July 24, 1836. He served as Ueu tenant during the last war, and was a popular and efficient officer. He was on Governor Peck's staff in 1874-75, and was town clerk in New Haven at the time of his death. He was married October 8, 1862, to Julia C, daughter of Royal and Minerva (Moore) Wheeler. He died at the old home of his grandfather January 29, 1877. His widow died at the home of her father and aunt, Mrs. Elam R. Jewett, of Buffalo, N. Y., March, 1885, and was buried by the side of her husbaud. Lewis Meacham, brother of Congressman James Meacham, was born in Rutland, and removed to New Haven in 1845. H^ married Eliza, daughter of Jonathan Hoyt, jr., in 1842. Mr. Meacham became a leading citizen; was elected to the Legislature in 1856-57, and senator from the county in 1864 and '65. He was a genial and popular gentleman. He died suddenly, while on a visit to Chicago, June 16, 1868. Not long before his death he made an extended tour through Europe. His widow still resides in the home of her father. Tolman Wheeler, son of Preserved Wheeler and grandson of Peter, who was killed at the time of the Indian massacre at Wyoming, Pa., studied the medical profession, receiving his diploma at Burlington, and commenced prac- Town of New Haven. 533 tice in Canada. He was married in September, 1830, to DeUa, daughter of Jonathan and Chloe (Landon) Hoyt He removed to NUes, Mich., in 1832; remained there engaged in mercantile business and real estate in that vicinity until 1859, when he removed to Chicago, where, as Judge Wheeler, he is well known. His father. Preserved Wheeler, came to this town in 1781 and located upon the farm now owned by Alexis T Smith. His son Orson, born here in 1799, was a resident until the time of his death in 1867. His son Henry, a grandsort of Preserved, is still a resident on East street. Deacon David Smith was born at Lanesboro, Mass., in 1788 ; came to New Haven in 1797 and located on the farm now owned by Charles W. Mason, krtown more recentiy as the Jonathan Smith place. He married three wives and reared eight children. Of these Jonathan became a farmer and carried on his father's farm until his death ; Otis graduated at Middlebury College in 1824; fitted for the ministry with "Rev. Josiah Hopkins, D.D. He was pastor many years, at La Grange, Ga., of a Baptist church, and was president of Mer cer University. Oliver located ort the farm once owned by Thaddeus Hoyt, in New Haven Gore; married Adaline Doud, March 24, 1830, and reared six children ; of these Otis D. graduated from the University of Vermont ; has taught many years in Georgia, and is now professor of mathematics in Auburn Agricultural and Mathematical College, Auburn, Ala. Oliver Smith has been many years a magistrate ; was a member of the Legislature in 1 843 and 1 844, and one of the county judges in 1862-63. He removed from his farm to the village about seveu years ago. Amos Palmer, from Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1781 located upon the farm owned by Alexis T. Smith. His son Caleb came here in 1787; died in 1884 at the age of ninety-seven, and was the oldest man in town. He was then living with his son, Joseph Palmer, near James Wilson's. Henry C. Palmer, son of Caleb, has for many years conducted a wheelwright shop at the village. He owns and occupies the old Lavius Fillmore property at the Center. Hezekiah Smith came to Monkton in 1780 from Bennington, Vt. The eldest of his twelve children was Dr Horatio A. Smith, who came to New Haven village about 1830, and resided there until his death, which occurred suddenly March 4, 1862. His daughter Sarah married Hon. R. B. Langdon ; his son, Hertry B. Smith, married Jane V. Langdon ; both are Uving in Minne apolis, Minn. Their mother's name was Sarah Bell. Dr. Smith's home was where James Hinman now resides. Andrew Squier and his wife Huldah (Bronson) Squier, of Woodbury, Conn., came to Lanesboro, Mass., in 1779. They had five sons, Timothy, Andrew, Wait, Ebenezer, and Amos. Of these Timothy, Andrew, and Wait removed to Vermont. In 1852 they were aU living, and it is said were all in attendance about this time at church in New Haven. They all sat in one pew, were all over six feet in height, and aU over eighty years of age, Timothy be- 534 History of Addison County. ing ninety- three. Timothy located in Orwell and died there in 1855 at the age of ninety-six. Andrew came to New Haven about 1790, and located just south of where E. H. Landon now lives. As early as 1793 we find him taking an active interest in the town affairs and serving as one of the selectmen. A few years later he co-operated most earnestly with Judge Hoyt in securing the erection of the Congregational meeting-house. He sold his large farm Janu ary 3, 183 1, to his son, Alvin Squier, and built the house now owned by Soc rates Palmer on the Bristol road, and lived there until his death in 1855. Al vin, born February 7, 1799, and Diadama, widow of Judge Bottum, born in 1 79 1, are the only ones left of Andrew Squier's family in town. Alvin studied medicine with Dr. Lord, of Cornwall, and at twenty-two years of age went to Madrid, N. Y., where he was a practicing physician seven years. He then re turned to New Haven and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits, soon after building and occupying the house where A.»C. Squier now lives. He married, while at Madrid, Sarah HaUock, who died in 1885. In i860 he built the ele gant house where he has since resided, his son, E. Hallock, remaining on the farm. He has held various town offices. His wife was Elizabeth S. Skinner, of Palmyra, N. Y., to whom he was married May 11, 1856. In 1883 he built a new and handsome cottage just south of his prior residence, and has since lived there. His son, Charles F., is in the mercantile business, as elsewhere noted. Andrew G. Squier, son of Alvin, located a mile east of the village on the William Wheeler farm. He has been an active farmer and has devoted his attention specially to the raising of fine horses, and has been a successful breeder. His son. Dr. Willie Squier, is a popular physician at Green Bay, Wis. Dr. Lucius A. Squier, son of Alvin, was graduated at Middlebury Col lege, and located in Wisconsin. His brother, Argalus L., enlisted in 1861, and died in the camp of the Vermont Brigade near Washington, in December of that year, of malarial fever Charlotte B., daughter of Alvin, has for many years resided with her father. Elias Bottum, son of Simon and Elizabeth (Hautington) Bottum, was born at Shaftsbury, Vt, February 3, 1790, and came to New Haven in 1809, locat ing on the farm thereafter occupied by him. Judge Bottum married Diadama Squier December 5, 181 1, who is still living, at the age of ninety-six years. Children of this union were Mary Ann, who was married to Julius Sprague January 3, 1838 ; Charlotte, and Caroline, whose husbands' names are else where given. The only son was EUas Simon. He was a member of the Leg islature in 1822 and 1829; senator from Addison county in 1840, '41, and as sistant judge of the County Court in 1 847, '48. It has been stated that he and his associate, George Chipman, once overruled the supreme judge who sat with them, on a question of law in the trial of a case ; the appeal was taken to the Supreme Court, which affirmed the decision made by Judge Bottum and his colleague. Judge Bottum's death occurred in 1865. Elias Simon Bottum, Town of New Haven. 535 son of Elias, was born in 1821, and located on a portion of his father's farm ; was deacon in the Congregational Church, often a town officer, and a member of the Legislature in 1872. His wife, Mary Hoyt, was the daughter of Rev. Otto S. Hoyt. He died of heart disease in 1877, leaving six children. Of these Ehas H. graduated at Middlebury College in 1871 and afterward at Co lumbia Law School, Washington, D. C. He is now a successful practitioner at Milwaukee, Wis. Fordyce H. is an undergraduate at Harvard College, while Julius O. is managing a portion of the farm so long occupied by the family. Carrie was married to Professor Hall, of Harvard College. The youngest daughter, Lottie, is at the New England Conservatory of Music. Martin Crane emigrated to this town from Salisbury, Conn., in 178 1. He was succeeded upon the same place by his son, Belden Crane, who was killed a few years since by being thrown from a load of beans. He was followed by H. S. Smith, who married a niecfc of Crane ; and the farm was then sold to Theron M. Sturtevant, who still resides there. Alfred P. Roscoe, for many years a prosperous merchant at New Haven vUlage, was also a leading citizen in many other respects. He held the office of town clerk for many years, and in 1841-42 and 1848 represented the town irt the Legislature. He died November 27, 1873. Alfred Mortimer, son of Alfred P., was for several years town clerk and postmaster, and beside holding other offices was a member of the Legislature in 1876. He died February 8, 1885. Alfred M. married Mrs. Orra (Bingham) Roscoe, about 1864; have had five children. Henry C. Roscoe, son of Alfred P., was several years post master, and held other offices in town. He was elected to the Legislature in 1882. He married Jennie, daughter of Dr E. D. HaU, for his second wife. Alfred P. Roscoe, son of A. M. Roscoe, has held the office of postmaster since his father's death. Richard Hall settled in town at an early date; he was from Mansfield, Conn., and lived first on the farm now owned by Almond Farnsworth; a few years later he moved to the farm now owned by Henry R. Barrows. Adin HaU, son of Richard, came here, having studied medicine with Dr William Bass, of Middlebury, and was for a long period an active and successful physi cian irt New Haven. He was also prominent in public affairs; was elected to the Legislature in 1833, '34 and '35, and was judge of probate from 1833 to '35. His son, Dr E. D. Hall, was born irt New Haven in 18 17. He studied medicine with his father and at the Castleton Medical College, where he gradu ated in 1842. He practiced first in St. Alban's Bay for five years; then at Vergennes one year, since which time he has been in New Haven. Elisha H. Landon was born in Salisbury, Conn., in 1800, and when twenty- one years old came to New Haven. He followed mercantile pursuits for sev eral years, and finally settled on the Myron Grinnell farm, where he now resides; married Charlotte Hoyt July 12, 1825. Children: Charlotte, who 536 History of Addison County. married a Mr. Shaffer; Mary Ann, who married Dr. E. D. Hall, of this town; Ezra, who lives at Vergennes; William, who died some years since; Mills J., and Kate, who was Henry C. Roscoe's first wife. His first wife died March 4, 1864. He married Mrs. Sophronia Walker in 1866, and enjoys a hearty old age. He has done an insurance business for forty years. Mills J. suc ceeds his father in farming and irt insurance business; has held several town of fices, and is now a magistrate. He married Harriet, daughter of Deacon Oliver Dexter, who spent the latter part of a useful life in this town, where he came from Weybridge, locating on the east side of New Haven street, opposite the park; he died in 1883 and his wife in 1885. A daughter stiU lives iu the home. Dr. E. F Preston, who resides in a part of the house, was born in Bur lington March 4, 1857. He studied medicine in the University of Vermont and was graduated in 1884. He was married to Cora A., youngest daughter ofthe late Truman and Juhette HoUey, of Cornwall, Vt, June 17, 1885. He is superintendent of common schools, and has been practicing medicine in town since he graduated. Jeremiah and Ruth Cook were early settlers, and were married in 1790. Of their seven children the two youngest remained in town on the original homestead. Gustavus was born AprU 13, 1807; Celestia, July 26, 1806. The former married a Miss Fitch, and they had two daughters — Ruth, who mar ried Charles E., son of Samuel S. Wright, now resides at the Street, on one of the Hoyt homesteads; her husband died suddenly; Mary L. married Harry W, Bingham, of West Cornwall, where she resides. Mr. Cook married for his second wife Hila, daughter of Jeremiah Lee, of Bridport, who, with one daugh ter, survives him ; they are now residents of Middlebury. Major Cook died in the spring of 1874. His only son, Charles B., died soon after at the age of twenty-seven years. This farm was sold soon after to William D. Lane, of CornwaU, who was a florist and seedsman. He now resides in Middlebury, and the farm is owned by Fred Hammond and Norman C. Brooks. The Cook mansion was burned about six years siuce. Thomas Dickinson, a Revolutionary soldier, came to New Haven in 178$, locating near the falls at Brooksville, where he built the first saw-mill ort that site. Lemuel B. Eldredge was born in Mansfield, ToUand county. Conn,, July 19, 1777. The family were of Scotch descent, the great-grandfather of Lemuel having emigrated to Rhode Island at an early day, and thence his grandfather removed to Connecticut Deacon Lemuel Eldredge and his sort, Lemuel B., came to Vermont in 1798, locating upon the farm now in the possession of Julius L. Eldredge, ofNew Haven, son of Lemuel B., the latter preceding his father's arrival a few months. But upon the arrival of his father, Lemuel B, moved to another part of the town, where, for several years and until his father's death, he resided on a farm near New Haven East Mills. After the Town of New Haven. 537 death of his father, Lemuel B. sold his farm and removed to his late father's homestead, where he resided until his death, January 10, 1864, in the eighty- seventh year of his age. Mr. Eldredge was married to Martha Thall, of Mans field, Conn., in 1798, just before their removal to Vermout Fourteeu children were born to them, of whom four sons and four daughters arrived at maturity, two only of whom are now living, Deacon Julius L. Eldredge, of Middlebury, and A. W. Eldredge, of Colton, St. Lawrence county, N. Y. Mrs. Eldredge survived her husband's death until August, 1869, dying at the age of ninety- three years. In July, 1830, continued and heavy rains swelled the sources of New Haven River until the latter became a torrent of devastation. Buildings, bridges, crops, and stock were swept to destruction. Mr. Eldredge wrote and published an account of the flood soon after, in which he described many in cidents with thrilling power and pathos. He, with his son and others, were surrounded by the rapidly-rising waters, while they were attempting the rescue of two families who lived near the stream. So suddenly did the waters rise, and with such impetuosity did they rush, that the houses and barns containing the doomed people were torn from their foundations in a few minutes, and all were swept down by the angry torrent, but few escaping. Mr. Eldredge was on a hastily- constructed raft with his son and a few others. He and one other escaped. There were twenty-one persons on the surrounded space when the waters reached them. Of this number, seven of a family named Stewart, five of another named Wilson, Mr. Eldredge's son Loyal, and Peter Summers were drowned. In an interview with the venerable Julius L. Eldredge, whose name has been mentioned among the early settlements, he gives his recollections of the region of Brooksville as far back as 18 15. There was then a trip-hammer shop, where scythes, hoes, and other tools were made. Near by was a " pocket furnace," run by a Mr. Aiken. Just above, on the same side of the stream, was a wagon shop, carried on by Mr Fitch. On the other side, beginning at the bridge, was the saw-mUl of Alfred StoweU, the clothier's shop and carding- machine of Gideon M. Fisk ; next below, a wagon shop and fanning-miU fac tory by Horace Smith ; farther down was the saw-miU of John Wilson, and stUl farther another "pocket furnace," also run by Wilson; then came the wooden-clock shop of Russell Richards and a blacksmith shop by Joshua Scott, and the oU-mill owned by Aaron Haskins. All, or neariy all, of this manu facturing property was swept away by the flood of 1830. After the flood William Wilson, brother of John, built a saw-miU, which has been taken down ; on the opposite side of the stream he also had a trip hammer shop, and Julius and Bela Eldredge built a saw-miU ; this mill was about on the .site of the present shops of Norman C. Brooks. On the site of the finishing shop of Mr Brooks, Amos WeUer built a grist-miU, which was subsequently burned. In 1883 Frank B. Brooks built a store at BrooksviUe, 538 History of Addison County. which was carried on by Norman C. Brooks, but has recently passed to the hands of W. W. Warren. Barzillai Brooks came to Brooksville some forty years ago with his four sons, and since that time they have been the life of the httle hamlet. An axe and tool factory was built by Edward, Milton, and Mc Donough Brooks, for whom Norman C, the younger, then worked. The elder Brooks was an experienced steel worker, and tempered the tools so successfully as to give them an excellent reputation. The axe factory was entirely de stroyed by fire in i88i, but was rebuilt by Norman C. Brooks. Deacon Julius L. Eldredge married Polly Cowles, sister of Martin Cowles, and lived on his father's farm in Brooksville until within a few years, when he went to hve with his son. Loyal D. Eldredge, in Middlebury. He represented his town in the Legislature in 1850-51. His son Loyal D. graduated at Mid dlebury CoUege, and entered the legal profession. He was for many years a partner of ex-Governor John W. Stewart He was a member of the Vermont Senate in 1876. Isaac Gibbs, who resides on the farm originally occupied by Josiah Cowles, and later by Henry, son of Martin Cowles, was born in Middlebury in 1802, where he resided until sixty-two years of age. He remembers hearing the first Methodist sermon ever preached in that town, by Rev. Mr. Girdley. He, being required to preach a sermon before they would grant him a license, took for his text, " By the lips of Pharaoh ye are all spies." Loren Richards, of Cornwall, bought in 1863 of WilUam H. Dunton the place long owned and occupied by John Crane, three-fourths of a mile north of Brooksville. Mr. Richards has always devoted much attention to the breed ing of Merino sheep. Seth Langdon came from Framingham, Mass., in 1782, settling upon the farm now owned by Charles Peck. As early as 179 1 he was one of the select men. He died in December, 185 1, at the age of ninety-two years. Seth Langdon, jr., was born on the homestead July 7, I799. He married Laura, daughter of Wait Squier, and reared a large family. He was for several years constable, and held various other offices, and in 1845 and '46 was chosen to the Legislature. He died in 1881. David, Giles, Joel, Silas, and Isaac Doud were five brothers who came from Terringham, Mass., the latter part of the last century and settled on Town Hill. Of the descendants of the five brothers only those of Silas remain in town. Harry W. Carter, of Monkton, bought the Osmond Doud farm of two hun dred and twelve acres, which he successfully manages irt connection with his son-in-law, George S. Russell, who married his only daughter. Moses Stowe was born irt Massachusetts in 1796. He purchased the front age of the farm upon which Loyal W. Stowe and E, A. Doud now reside. He was twice married, rearing a large family, of whom his son Loyal W. only re mains in town. Moses Stowe died in 1849. Town of New Haven. 539 Mahlon L. Taylor built the house now owned by James H. Mack, who is a speculator, dealing in live stock. The place was owned for several years by Mr. Foster, father of Mrs. Harry Langdon, late of New Haven. The farm for so many years occupied by Eleazer Taylor is now owned by Charles H. Wicker, whose wife was Miss Mary Champlin. Their oldest son, George, died there Jartuary 15, 1885, leaving a wife and four daughters. The oldest daughter, Lou, married Silas D. Doud, who lives with his father, Sylvester, at the foot of Town Hill. Eliza, the second daughter, married Charles Rogers, and lives at the Center, in the house so long the home of Dr. George B. Sanborn (now a homoeopathic physician of Rutland). The son, Charles G. Wicker, is engaged in the lumber business in Hastings, Neb. The youngest daughter, Abbie, Uves at home. Mrs. Wicker died the 6th of March, 1886. Nathan Barton came from Litchfield, Conn., with his father in 1 770, and settled on the farm now occupied by his grandson, George W. Barton. He was a surveyor, and was often called upon to survey plots of land, roads, and pitches. He was at different times selectman. His son, Walter Barton, oc cupied the same farm more than seventy years, and was succeeded by his son, George W. Barton, who has held several of the principal offices of the town. Wait Squier came to Cornwall in July, 1788, built a log blacksmith shop, cleared several acres of land and sowed to wheat, and returned to Massachu setts in the fall. In 1789 he pursued a similar course. In 1790 he married Hannah Powell, of Lanesboro, and came to Cornwall and took up his residence, and remained there four years. In 1 794 he removed to New Haven and bought the farm now owned by Edward S. Dana, and somewhat later built the hand some and commodious residence which was destroyed by fire in 1865. About 1830 he sold his farm to his son Calvin, and built the house and store on the corner at the village, now owned by Caroline Eaton, where he resided until his death, January 9, 1858, aged ninety-one years. He had three sons and four daughters, who reached maturity — Wait, jr, Calvin, Miles P., Laura, Lorinda, Aurelia, and Huldana. Laura and Lorinda married and lived in town, as else where stated. Huldana married William G. Henry, of Bennington, who re moved to Grand Rapids, Mich., and afterward to Detroit and she died in 1880. Her daughter is the wife of General R. A. Alger, the present governor of Mich igan. Aurelia married P. M. Henry, of Bennington, a prominent citizen of that town, who about 1865 removed to Geneva, N. Y., where they stiU reside. Miles P. Squier, D. D., was graduated at Middlebury College and entered the ministry. He was a pioneer preacher in western New York, held services in a barn irt a settlement which has since enlarged to be the city of Buffalo, and did missionary work in various other places ; was for many years professor in Be loit CoUege, Wisconsin, where he endowed a chair in mental and moral phil osophy, and finally located in Geneva, N. Y., where he died in 1866. He was art able and scholarly writer, and the author of several reUgious works. Wait, S40 History of Addison County. jr., removed to Michigan and estabhshed a colony at a place which took the name of Vermontville. Calvin Squier, who was born April 4, 1795, and always resided on the farm where he was born, was a highly respected citizert, a man who took great interest in social, reUgious, and educational matters, and lent his influence and used his means to strengthen and uphold whatever would tend to benefit and improve society. He was for many years a magistrate, artd deacon ofthe Congregational Church. He died May 6, 1880, having reared a large family, but three of whom survive — Mary, widow of Edward S. Dana ; Mar tha, wife of D. M. HiU, of Pasadena, Cal., and David Henry, who lives on Town Hill. Another son, George W., graduated at Middlebury College in 1858, and was preparing for professional life, but died suddenly in 1864. Edward S. Dana purchased the farm of Calvin Squier in the spring of 1877. He was born at CornwaU April 27, 1834, and was the son of Austin Dana, who was for forty years a prominent citizen, farmer, and town officer of Corn wall, and who died in 1870. His mother was Susan (Gale) Dana, daughter of General Somers Gale, of Cornwall, who was a prominertt military man in the early part of the century, and served as major under General Strong at the battle of Plattsburgh in 18 14, in command of the Vermont volunteers. Mr Dana married a daughter of Deacon Calvin Squier September 11, 1861, and for ten years thereafter held official position at Washington, D. C, as clerk and examiner-in-chief in the U. S. Pension Office, and as assistant clerk of the U. S, House of Representatives. Returning to CornwaU in 1871, he held the office of selectman four years, and other town offices, and in 1874 was elected to the Legislature, removing to New Haven in 1877. In 1 880 he was elected to the Vermont Senate. He has been for several years president of the board of trust ees of Beeman Academy, and in 1885 was appointed town clerk. He has been frequently called upon to preside over public meetings, having been twelve times elected moderator of town meetings and often chosen chairman of pohti cal assemblages. He devoted considerable attention to literary matters, and had the largest private library in the county.^ David Henry Squier, son of Calvin, married in 1859 Anna Loomis of Champlain, N. Y., and resided there for several years. In 1865 he purchased of Dr. G. R. Sanborn the place where he now lives. He has held various town offices, and is at present one of the selectmen. Within the extended and somewhat diversified area of territory lying be tween the railroad and Otter Creek, and which has to a considerable degree become isolated from the rest of the town in its business, religious, and social relations, the Wrights have long been important factors. Samuel S. Wright is a magistrate and first selectman, and owns 600 acres of land. Daniel H. Wright owns 300 acres, and Caleb Wright 220 acres. These large farms are 1 Mr. Uana had nearly finished the history of New Haven for this work, when he was called from earth on the 24th of February, i885. Town of New Haven. 541 prudently and carefully managed, making excellent returns to their owners. Daniel Wright was born in New Marlboro, Mass., February 4, 1780. He was the third son of Ebenezer Wright, who was born in Northampton, Mass., irt 1752. He married Rebecca Stannard, and she became the mother of fourteen children, twelve of whom lived to be more than forty years old. In 1784 Eb enezer Wright came with his family — then comprising the wife and five chil dren — to Weybridge, Vt, and located on the farm now occupied by Edwin S. Wright, where they resided during Ufe. She died in 1794 and he in 1832, and both were buried on the farm in Weybridge. Daniel spent his minority at home and in the adjoining town of Addison, except a year, more or less, passed with his grandfather, Caleb Wright, at Amenia, Dutchess county, N. Y. March 25, 1802, he was married to Bathsheba Frost of CornwaU, Vt She was born in Williamstown, Mass., May 18, 1781. They commenced business life together in 1 802 on a small farm lying between the farm of his father and that of the late Samuel Child. He cleared the land and built the first dweUing house thereon, and the same is still standing. He lived on that place five years, then purchased of Dr. Benjamin Bullard the farm on the west side of the river near the "Reef bridge" in Weybridge, and occupied the same until 1820, when he removed to New Haven and purchased the farm where S. S. Wright now resides, and occupied it until his death, September 11, 1866. He was at the battle of Plattsburgh, in Captain Silas Wright's company, and died fifty-two years from that historic day. His wife survived him, and died in October, 1869. Hewas a man of more than ordinary native ability, but the lack of an early education prevented the development of his real mental strength. He was a successful farmer and finartcier, and left a competency to his famUy. He was noted for his liberality toward educational and benevolent institutions, especially in aiding and buUding up the Baptist and Methodist Church edifices in his neighborhood, as also the Congregational Church in Weybridge, of which he was a lifelong member. His family cortsisted of seven sons and one daughter, the latter becoming the wife of John Child, late of Weybridge, and dying in that town in July, 1843, aged thirty-five years. One of the sons died in infancy, the others are stiU living. The eldest, Alanson L., born August 4, 1803, married Delight Hastings, of Greenfield, Mass., spent a few years on the farm on the river in Weybridge, and in 1835 purchased a valuable farm in St. Albans, Vt., and became a wealthy farmer ; he subsequently sold the farm and made a home in the adjoinirtg town of Swanton, where he now resides. Daniel H., born Au gust 9, 1805, married Betsey Calkins, of Waltham, March 14, 1827. Caleb Wright, born February 13, 18 10, married Harriet Rockwood, of Bristol, No vember I, 1831. Samuel S., born December 4, 1822, married Wealthy E. Wright February 2, 1841. All reside in New Haven, have reared families, and all are prosperous farmers. Emerson R., born April 10, 1815, was a grad- 35 542 History of Addison County. uate of Middlebury College in the class of 1838; he studied law in the office of E. D. Barber, was admitted to the bar of Addison county, and practiced law several years ; was postmaster in Middlebury during the administration of James K. Polk, and again in that of Franklin Pierce ; he married Clara A. Pond, of Addison, January i, 1845, and resides in Middlebury, Vt. WUliam Silas, born January 6, 1819, married Lucy C. Phillips, of Pittsford, Vt, resided with his parents at the homestead until the decease of his father in 1866, when he purchased a farm in Waltham, Vt, where he now resides. He was repre sentative from Waltham in the General Assembly in 1874 and '75, and at the present time is one of the associate judges of Addison County Court, by ap pointment of the governor. Ezra C. Smith, son-in-law of D. H. Wright, lives rtear him, but formerly lived at New Haven Mills. He has filled various town offices, and was in the Legislature of 1870. Samuel Chalker, from Saybrook, Conn., located in 1790 upon the farm now owned by Elizabeth, Catharine, and Charlotte Chalker. Daniel E. Chalker, his son, born there in 1801, died in 1863. The sisters above named success fully manage the large farm of 440 acres. Rev. Ward Bullard, brother of Dr. CuUen Bullard, was born in Weybridge in 1 8 10. He spent his earlier years on his father's farm in New Haven, fitted for college and was graduated from Middlebury in 1834. He was licensed to preach the gospel by a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and entered the Christian ministry about 1838. He was stationed at various places in Ver mont and New York, and labored with considerable success several years ; but the state of his health and other influences induced him to suspend public labors, and he came back to New Haven, purchased a part of the old homestead, and there spent twenty years or more of his Ufe, and died in 1 880. He was a deep thinker and fine writer, and was often called from his retirement to preach in the pulpits of neighboring towns. He was superintendent of common schools several years, and represented New Haven in the General Assembly in 1866 and '67. Dr. CuUen Bullard was born in Weybridge December 4, 1806. He was the eldest son of Dr. Benjamin Bullard, who came from Massachusetts and commenced the practice of medicine in Weybridge and vicinity, probably about the year 1800. In 1807 he removed to Massena, N. Y., but returned after a year's absence and located on a farm bought of Enoch Sprague in New Haven, a short distance north of the Reef bridge, but continued the practice of his profession until his decease in 1828. Dr. CuUen, then a recent graduate of a medical college, immediately commenced the business of his father, and was the leading physician in the west part of New Haven artd adjoining towns more than fifty years. He was an excellent nurse, a skillful physician and sur geon. He died suddenly of heart disease at the family homestead in New Haven January 2, 1882, deeply lamented by a community which he had long Town of New Haven. 543 and faithfully served. In politics Dr Bullard was a pronounced Democrat ; in religion, a zealous and earnest Methodist Too generous in his habits, he failed to accumulate a competency like many of his profession, but made am ple provision for his wife, who survives him. Josiah Clark, born in Lebanon, Windsor county, Vt, in 1757, came to New Haven about 1790, locating on the "west side" upon the old homestead, which has never since been owned outside of the Clark family. The farm was then a swamp, supposed to be a worthless tract of land ; but which, by perseverance, has been reclaimed, and is now a productive farm. Mr. Clark married Lucy Ball, had a family of three children, Joel T., Ira, and Laura, and died June 17, 1835. Joel T. married Amy Sprague and located in Waltham, where he be came a prominent man, while Ira remained on the old homestead, and had four children who arrived at maturity, one of whom, Norman, graduated from Mid dlebury College, and subsequently from the New Hampton Theological Insti tute. One, Almon, afterward came into possession of the old homestead, and was the father of three children, Huldah, Ira W., and Edwin A., only one of whom, Ira W., now survives. The widow of Almon still lives on the home stead. Nathaniel H. French, of Trumbull, Conn., came to New Haven in 1789, settUng on the farm now owned by Charles W. Mason. He served through the War of 1812 and died in 185 1, aged ninety- two. His son Nathaniel died in 1885, aged eighty-four years, at the home of his son, William N. The latter has been considerably interested in breeding Merino sheep, and recently in rearing fine poultry, including the bronze turkey, which weighs from twenty to thirty pounds when dressed. He married Mary Dorson, of Franklin. James Thompson came from Salisbury, Conn., in 1794 and settled on the farm now owned by Hiram Wheeler ; a few years later he removed to the brick house recently occupied by his son James, where he died in 1 842 ; James, jr., died in 1885. Hiram and Alfred Thompson of this family are now resi dents of this town. Alfred J. Uves on the place for many years owned by Peleg Fisher, south part of the viUage, and married a sister of Dr E. F. Preston. Ira Ward, a veteran of the War of 1812, and an early settler in Waltham, came to town and located on the farm now owned by Hiram Wheeler in 1820, where he remained until 1837, when he removed to the farm he now occupies with his son George W. Ward. At the age of eighty-eight years he is stiU vigorous, artd has lived with his present wife about sixty-five years. George W. married Sarah Jane Chase, and is a thrifty farmer and breeder of fine stock. He with his brother, Henry W., are the only children now in town of Ira Ward's large famUy. Charles W. Mason was born in Potsdam, N. Y., but since he was thirteen years old has resided mostly at his present home, which was the home of his 544 History of Addison County. mother before her marriage. He has been extensively engaged in the breed ing and sale of Merino sheep for twenty-severt years past, his flock much of the time rtumbering one hundred or more. He has shipped two thousand five hun dred Merino sheep to western New York, Ohio, Michigan, and IlUnois since 1875. He has also* sent about nine thousand to Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah. His father, Lawrence S. Mason, married Sarah French, daughter of Nathaniel H. French ; she was born on this farm, and died here in 1879. Charles W. was married to a daugh ter of Jabez and Helen (Ward) Rogers ; they have five children ; one, Hattie, is a student of Amherst, Mass. ; NeUie, a graduate of Beeman, is now in Pots dam, N. Y. Artdrew J. Mason, the oldest son of Lawrence S. and Sarah (French) Mason, married Ann Ward, and lives on the farm that was the family home of the Hickocks. He is a farmer, and breeder of registered sheep. He was one of the three-years volunteers of the last war, and was enfeebled from hardship and exposure. His son, Fred C, is running a sheep ranch in Colorado. E. and I. M. Knowles, two brothers, own 1,200 acres of land, 150 head of young stock, sixty cows, and are extensive breeders of aU kinds of fine stock. Ezra resides in Monkton ; Ira M., in the north part of the town. Near them live Erastus C. Peck and his son Warren, whose homes are near each other Ira Ward, who was previously spoken of, celebrated his ninetieth birthday on the 9th of April, 1886. There were four generations present Mrs. Ward is in her eighty- eighth year Ira came to town in 1820, and in 1837 located on the farm where he now lives. He, however, many years since gave up its management to his son, G. W. Ward, who married Sarah Jane Chase, who, with three chUdren, resides under the same roof New Haven Mills, a post-village located in the southeastern part of the town, on the New Haven River, contains, aside from its manufacturing inter ests, one church, one school-house, and about twenty dwellings. At an early date there was quite a village and considerable manufacturing here. A saw-miU, wagon shop, carding-machine, cooper shop, and tannery were in op eration at the lower village. The tannery was built by a Mr Pier, and the carding-machine and trip-hammer shop by Mr Hendee. At the upper viUage, three-quarters of a mile distant, was the grist-mill and saw-miU run by D. P. Nash, and the clothier's shop by Othniel Jewett, and a tannery, shoe shop and store by Henry S. Walker. Barzillai Brooks carried on blacksmithing, and Mr Nash had a distillery. At a later date a woolen factory was in operation at the MiUs, which was last operated by Edward P. Thayer. The building is still standing, and is the same one run by Othniel Jewett The grist-mUl was burned down many years ago and never rebuilt The saw-miU was operated until about 1868, and by H. O. Gifford & Co. last P. M. Landon has a but ter-factory here which was started in 1885. It will be noted that almost aU ^^^' Town of New Haven, 545 of the former manufacturing interests of New Haven have become things of the past — wiped out of existence by the active competition of more favored localities. Of the settlers and residents in the vicinity of the Mills may be mentioned William Lampson, who settled on East street about 1800. Curtis M. Lamp- son was borrt here September 21, 1806. He attended the district school and built the fires, receiving the ashes therefrom as his reward. When about sev enteen he joined his brother William, a fur trader in Canada, who was con nected in some way with the Hudson Bay Company. He traveled among the Indians and hunters of British America, and acquired valuable knowledge of the fur trade. He went to New York and in the employ of John Jacob Astor's agent, and other dealers, went repeatedly to London with cargoes of fur. In 1830 he established himself in London in the fur business. His success was wonderful, and he soon had the largest depot for peltry in Europe. He accumulated an immense fortune, reckoned by millions of pounds sterling. He was the special friend of George Peabody, the American banker, who died at his house. He was very active in aiding Cyrus W. Field in laying the first At lantic cable. For this he received the honor of baronetcy from Queen Vic toria November 13, 1866, in acknowledgment of his distinguished services. With immense wealth he was very charitable. He remembered the early days of his own poverty, and never turned away his face from any poor man. Mr. Lampson was in America for the last time in 1857, when he visited the home of his early youth. He gave eight thousand dollars in 1868 for the erection of a fine school-house at the MiUs, and furnished it with a handsome library of nearly one thousand volumes, selected by himself He died March 12, 1885. Colonel David Phelps Nash was born in Connecticut in 1775, and came to New Haven in 1793 or '94, and purchased land on the river and kept a store about one and one-half miles below the MiUs. The farm of David P. Nash was purchased of Grant Prime, and formerly owned by Justus Sherwood, the Tory, whose lands were cortfiscated when he fled to Canada. Not long after he pur chased the water privilege at the Mills, and from that time was largely inter ested in the grist-mill, carding-machine, plaster-mill, saw-mill, and forge ; was also largely engaged in farming. He was married in 1804 to Elizabeth Wil cox, of Connecticut ; he built one of the largest and best houses in town, irt which he died in 1852. He was colonel of militia in 18 12, and was at the bat tie of Plattsburgh. He twice represented the town in the Legislature, and was known through the State as a man of great business abihty, and liberal to a fault His son, Hon. Samuel P. Nash, is the only surviving child of a family of ten children. He married Mary S. Munger, who died in 1883, at the home of their only son, Edward P. Nash, of Salisbury, where Mr S. P. Nash uow resides. Orte daughter died some years since, and Jennie Nash, the remaining one, has been a teacher irt Hoosick Falls for some years. Hort. Samuel P. Nash was senator in 1858-59, and held other offices. 546 History of Addison County. William Nash, father of Colonel David P. Nash, was from Goshen, Conn., and settled early near David P. A younger brother, named WiUiam, jr., came at the same date with his father WUliam, jr, better known as General Nash, was twelve years old when his father came to the towrt, and became prominent in the early manufacturing operations at the Mills. General Nash represented the town in the Legislature in 1825-26, 1836 and '49; was State senator in 1846-47. He filled many places of responsibility, having been one of the first directors of the Bank of Vergennes, which position he resigned, being elected the president of the Bank of Middlebury, at its organization in 1832. This position he held for fifteen years, and was for more than twenty years a mem ber of the corporation of Middlebury CoUege; was delegate in 1852 to the National Whig Convention held at Baltimore. He was a member of the Bible, Home, and Foreigrt Missionary Societies, and contributed cheerfully and liber ally to aU the benevolent enterprises of the day. He married Miss Mary Wright January, 18 17, and hved with her nearly fifty-five years, on the farm where he died in December, 1871. Mrs. Nash died in 1880. They had a family of nine sons, who all lived to manhood. Hon. William P., the eldest, married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of Colonel David P. Nash, with whom he lived many years. His present wife is Mattie C, daughter of Solomon W. Jewett He is a prominent business man of large property, and an extensive land owner ; is a breeder of fine horses and Merino sheep ; has been a director for many years of Middlebury bank ; was town representative in 1854-55, sen ator in 1868 and '69, and has been honored with many other positions of trust Fordyce, the second son of General Nash, was twice married. He died at the Mills about twenty-five years since, leaving a wife and three sons — Frank J., Fordyce W., and Fred. Frank J. resides with his mother near the Mills ; has a farm of two hundred and twenty-five acres, a fine dairy, and is interested in agricultural pursuits. He was town representative in 1884; is now first select man ; is a deacon of the Congregational Church. Fordyce W. lives in Bristol, where he is a popular merchant. Fred lives in the West. Charles, the third son of General Nash, married a daughter of the late Jonathan Hagar, of Mid dlebury, who died in 1878. He is a banker of wealth and prominence in MU- waukee. Wis., where he settled in early life and still resides with his remaining sons. Jonathan, the fourth son of General Nash, married West and lives in Wisconsin. James, the fifth son, died while a student at Middlebury CoUege. Joseph R., the sixth son, married Miss Selleck, of Middlebury, by whom he had one son, William J.; his last wife, Carrie E., daughter of Judge Oliver Smith, survives him. He held various positions of public trust in town faith fully and acceptably, and in 1 874 was elected a member of the Vermont House, where he was on several important committees. He died April 9, 1878. He had a charming home on the banks of the New Haven River, which is now the residence of his only son, WUliam J., who married Carrie E., daughter of Nel- Wm. Nash. Town of New Haven. 547 son W. Partch. WaUace, the seventh son, lived West, and died in 1879. Noah Preserved, the eighth son, was born at the time of the flood in 1830, and his narrow escape suggested his name, as the water stood almost to the chamber floor for many hours, where his mother and friends were. He married EUert, oldest daughter of Judge OUver Smith. They reside at Oak Grove, Wis. They have three sons — Edward P., Henry O., and William W. The youngest son of General WiUiam Nash, Dorastus W., lives on the farm formerly owned by Moses Wheeler (who lived there for many years, and whose family moved West). Dorastus W. married Lottie Fitch, who died June 15, 1877. His pres ertt wife was Louisa Potter, of Middlebury. He has a farm of three hundred and sixty acres ; has fine stock, a dairy of thirty-five cows ; makes a specialty of fast horses. He has a hospitable home ; has held many offices ; was a mem ber of the House of Representatives in 1878. The old General Nash home, now occupied by Hon. WiUiam P. Nash, stands on the bank of the river, and is one of the most romantic and lovely of the ancient homesteads of Addison county, and is now, as it has been for nearly a century, a delightful and hospit able retreat for many friends,- far and near This farm was settled by Ariel Thompson, of Mansfield, Conn., in 1814. Othniel Jewett was born at Fryingham, Mass., January 11, 1779, where he learned the trade of wool-carding and cloth-dressing. He established himself at New Haven Mills in this business about 1800. In 1820 and 1823 he served in the Legislature, and was for twenty-eight years a justice of the peace. His first wife, Susan Nash (daughter of WiUiam Nash, sr), was born at Goshen, Conn., February 24, 1784; married March 7, 1801. His last wife was a sister of Rev. John Todd, D. D. His children were Abigail, born December 3, 1802 ; Eliza, born July 26, 1805; George D., born November, 23, 1806, married Har riet Bradley. He went to California during the gold excitement and was mur dered there. The next son is James M., of whom no dates are found. Elam R. was born December 7, 18 10. He learned the printer's art at Middlebury, where he was apprenticed for seven years to serve for his board 'and twenty- five doUars the first year, and an addition of five dollars each year, and to have the benefit of six months' schooling during the seven years. He graduated a first-class printer at the age of twenty. He published newspapers in Middle bury and various other places. He at length became one of the owners of the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, the leading paper of that city, which inaugu rated the celebrated chromotypic style of printing, out of which has grown the beautiful colored work now seen on cards, show bills, etc. He afterward fur nished entirely the fine line engraving for the United States Patent Reports, which were pronounced the handsomest specimens of work ever submitted for irtspection by the government He was married in 1838 to Caroline Wheeler, of New Haven, Vt, and having acquired a large fortune he retired to a beauti ful suburban residence, where they stiU live in a happy old age. He visits New Haven annually. 548 History of Addison County. The New Haven Central Cheese Factory, near New Haven Station, went into operatiort Juue 27, 1869, on land given to the company by H. C. Hunt, esq. The cost of building an apparatus was about 3,000 dollars. The mUk from 330 cows was used daily, and from three to four hundred pounds of cheese made daily. In 1883 L. W. Stowe and A. D. Evarts purchased the property and established a creamery, which uses the centrifugal separator. In 1885 they received 504,545 pounds of milk. Beaver Glen Cheese Factory, owned by H. P. Palmer, situated about a mile south of New Haven village, has been in suc cessful operation since 1879. P. M. Landon has a butter factory at the Mills, which was established irt 1885. The Green Mountain Wood-pulp Company, at Belden Falls, has been in successful operation since 1881 ; they use the Cartmell process. There is a mUl for sawing marble at these falls on Otter Creek, near the pulp-mill. The Cutter Marble Company's quarry was first opened in 1830 by T Phelps. In 1843 it was purchased by Isaac Gibbs. In 1868 it was purchased by Henry Cutter, of Winchester, Mass., and Franklin Snow and M. D. Brooks, of Boston. At one time it produced $40,000 worth of marble annually, but the work is now abandoned. The Brooks Edge-tool Company, at Brooksville, has manufactured 4,000 dozen axes annually; but Mr. Brooks is about to retire from business. That the patriotism of the people of New Haven was aroused when rebell ion threatened to wreck the nation is evidenced by the alacrity with which she responded to the country's call for assistance. She did her whole duty in promptly furnishing her quota of soldiers. Following is the list of names of those who served in her behalf in Vermont organizations, as compUed from State documents: Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863: A. S. Abbott, jr, E. Baker, A. M. Bean, J. B. Bird, G. W. Bisbee, C. Bom bard, S. Bradford, S. R. Brown, C. Bush, H. Conell, J. W. Diago, A. H. Field, A. Gauhn, J. C. Grover, R. D. Grover, P. Halpin, G. S. Hawley, T J. HiU, J. M. Hoyt, J. O. HubbeU, H. D. Huntington, H. Jackson, P. King, E. Kings- ley, A. Lawrence, J. Lawrence, M. M. Lockwood, A. J. Mason, H. D. May nard, J. Messick, I. MiUs, A. K. Moore, E. B. Palmer, J. Palmer, H. E. Pickett, N. E. Rider, W. H. H. Rider, C. A. Sanborn, J. H. Sanborn, J. Shadwick, H. S. Smith, R. Smith, G. W. Sneden, J. Sneden, A. L. Squier, H. Sturdevant, J. SuUivan, A. Varney, N. Varney, F. J. Ward, G. W. Ward, A. WiUiamson, J. Williamson, R. WUUamson. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent caUs: Volunteers for three years. — C. Albee, N. Atwood, E. W. Bird, W. S. Brown, J. Clapper, E. Degree, E. D. Foster, F. Goodroe, F. Goodroe, jr, J. Town of New Haven. 549 Goodroe, J. Hagan, W. H. Hinman, C. Meigs, E. B. Palmer, R. Porter, jr, A. G. Squires, F. Varney, G. R. Witherell. Volunteers for one year.— M. Bowen, F. W. Duffy, J. C. Grover, J. C. Grover, jr, I. Plain, D. D. Sullivan. Volunteers re-enlisted. — P. Boagee, J. W. Diago, J. C. Grover, G. S. Haw ley, H. D. Huntington, G. D. Jackman, M. M. Lockwood, H. D. Maynard, I. MiUs, H. Robbins, J. Sneden, N. Tart, J. Williamson, R. Williamson. Enrolled men who furnished substitute. — S. B. M. Cowles, E. S. Dana. Not credited by name. — Two men. Volunteers for nine months. — W. L. Cady, O. W. Chapin, L. Dickerman, H. S. Jackman, H. P. Jennings, J. Johnroe, jr, E. Kendall, P. Laptad, C. W. Mason, E. P. Nash, H. C. Roscoe, P. D. Sturtevant, S. Whittemore, J. J. Whit tier, A. E. Wright. Furnished under draft — Paid commutation, H. V. Jacobs, D. H. Squiers, D. S. Walker Procured substitute, E. A. Doud, E. A. Langdon, C. E. Palmer, C. Peck, H. O. Smith. Entered service, G. F. Washburne. MUNICIPAL. New Haven is a pleasant village, situated upon high ground, with a com manding view of the Green Mountairts on the east and the Adirondacks on the west. It lies chiefly on two streets crossing each other at right angles, Lanes boro and Depot streets, the latter leading to New Haven Station, one mile dis tant in a westerly direction. The village contains two stores, one church, town house, one hotel, three blacksmith shops, two wheelwright shops, a district school-house, the Beeman Academy, one harness shop, one shoe shop, and over forty dweUings. In 1855 the first steps were taken towards the estabUshment of an academy here by calling a meeting at the village, which was largely attended by the prominent citizens of the town, and at which the following resolution was adopted : " Resolved, That the interests of education in this community de mand the erection of a building suitable for an academy, and therefore we wUl at once take the necessary steps to build one." In a short time sufficient money was subscribed by liberal and public-spir ited citizens to erect the building, and in November, 1855, New Haven Acad emy was opened with Rev. Otto Hoyt as principal, a position he held for three years. From 1858 to 1868 there were several changes. Among others who served as principal during this period was George W. Squier, son of Deacon Calvin Squier In 1865 Rev. C. B. Hulbert, afterward president of Middle bury College, was elected presidertt of the trustees. Through his exertions the school was reorganized, artd art ample subscription was pledged for the pay ment of currertt expertses, if the tuitions should prove insufficient In 1868 Abel E. Leavenworth, now principal and proprietor of the Normal School at 550 History of Addison County. Castleton, Vt., was elected principal. During the next two years the tuitions amounted to more than sixteen hundred dollars, while the citizens showed their love for the academy and for the cause of education, which it was intended to promote, by the payment of over a thousand dollars to meet deficiencies. About this time Anson P. Beeman, a former resident of the town, but then living in Burlington, who was a member of the association which founded the academy in 1855, became interested in the effort to establish the school on a better and more permanent basis. He therefore made a will, bequeathing $6,- 000 to the academy, the annual income of which should be devoted to the sup port of such qualified teachers as the trustees might employ. Two conditions were attached to this bequest : First, that an act of the Legislature should be procured incorporating the academy, officers, and trustees thereof under the name of Beeman Academy; and second, that the citizens of the town should raise and invest as a permanent fund, for the object named in the bequest, a sum of not less than $4,000. These conditions were met, and Beeman Acad emy was incorporated in 1869. In 1870 the citizens subscribed over $5,000, and invested with the Beeman fund. Section six of the charter declares that the standard of examination required for graduation in the several courses shall be as follows: " For the English course it shall not be less than that now required by the State Board of Education for the highest grade of teachers' certificates. For the scientific course it shall be equal to that required for ad mission to the agricultural and scientific departments of the best coUeges in the country. For the classical course it shall be of a grade that will enable the graduate to enter upon a full course of study in the best colleges." In the fall of 1870 Beeman Academy was opened, with Abel E. Leaven worth as principal. He held this position until 1875, when he resigned to ac cept the principalship of the State Normal School at Randolph. From 1875 to 1879 H. S. Perrigo, H. P. Stimson, and W. J. Fish were successively em ployed as principals. The catalogue for 1881 gives the following board of in struction: C. C. Gove, A. M., principal, classics and natural science; Miss Emma F. Sharp, preceptress, French, German, and mathematics ; Professor H. M. Seely, of Middlebury College, lecturer on natural science ; Miss Abby W. Kent, vocal and instrumental music ; Miss Sue Parker, painting and draw ing; Mr. James M. Kent, penmanship. The present principal is Herbert Hoffnagle, A. B., a graduate of the Uni versity of Vermont, with Miss Hoffnagle as preceptress ; Miss Minnie E. Ros coe, teacher of vocal and instrumental music, with other competent instruct ors. During the six years' administratiort of Professor Gove a valuable library was established for the use of the students, and two literary societies founded — "The Brownings" and "The Irvings." The academy has graduated more than a hundred students, many of whom have pursued a collegiate course ; it has furnished many well-qualified teachers for the district schools, and has ex- Town of New Haven. 55 i erted upon the towu a moral and educational influence, the benefit of which cannot be estimated. It was never better organized for efficient work than at present It is justly the pride of the town, and deserves the confidence and patronage of the public. Surely its founders builded wisely and well ! Ed ward S. Dana is president of the board of trustees ; Henry C. Roscoe, clerk, and MiUs J. Landon, treasurer ecclesiastical. The early religious services of this town were held, as they were in many other localities, in private dwellings, barns, and school-houses. As early as 1802—03 there appears to have been a Universalist Society in the town, but no records are now accessible. The town records show that on the 17th of June, 1800, it was voted "To choose a committee to stick a stake to set a meetirtg- house," and to build a meeting-house by subscription. A committee of three, consisting of Ezra Hoyt, Solomon Brown, and Captain Matthew Phelps, was appointed to make a plan of the church. At the next meeting it was voted to build a church 65 by 55 feet, "with a steeple or balcony." It was subse quently voted that every house in New Haven should be visited, to see if the inhabitants will agree " to set a meeting-house at Lanesborough street, or Beach HUl." The Congregational Church building at the vUlage was erected as the result of this effort It was handsomely repaired in 1876, and is the finest church in the county, and will seat 600 persons. A very elegant memorial window was erected in the rear of the pulpit by Mrs. Eliza Meacham and her sister, Mrs. Tolman Wheeler, of Chicago, in memory of their parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan Hoyt. Mrs. Betsey S. Bird, of Waltham, gave at this time a very elegant set of furniture for the pulpit. A Congregational Church was organized at New Haven Mills November 15, 1797, and soon after another at New Haven village, both being united into one society September 29, 1800. The church was at that time under the charge of Rev. Nathaniel Gilbert, missionary from Massachusetts, and in 1802 Mr. Gillet, another missionary from Massachusetts, had charge. Soon after Rev. Silas L. Bingham was installed as the first pastor, and remained until 1808. Rev. Josiah Hopkins, D.D., was ordained in 1809, and continued pas tor until 1830. Rev. Joel Fisk was instaUed October 20, 1 830, and dismissed September 25, 1832. Rev. Enoch Mead was ordained January 8, 1833, and remained about five years. Rev. James Meacham was ordained May 30, 1838, and was dismissed September 10, 1846. Rev. Samuel Hurlbut was ordained June I, 1847, and died December 2, 1856. Rev. Calvin B. Hulbert, D. D., was ordained October 20, 1859, and dismissed November 19, 1869. Rev. Stephen Knowlton was installed September 2, 1873, and dismissed March 15, 1 88 1. Rev. Clarence S. Sargent was engaged as acting pastor from October I, 1881, to January 18, 1883, when he was installed as pastor 552 History of Addison County. The long pastorate of Dr. Hopkins is evidence of the high esteem in which he was held. He was able in his pulpit, and courteous, urbane, and pleasing in his pastoral duties among his people. He did much to mould pubhc opin ion and elevate and give character to the tone of public sentiment. He edu cated several young men for the ministry during his pastorate. He was fond of his violin, and it is said could drop a "butt log" in the woods with his sharp axe quicker than any of his parishioners. He resided where H. C. Conant now hves. James Meacham was an eloquent public speaker, and earnest and faithful in his work. He was born in Rutland August lo, 1810, and graduated at Middlebury CoUege and at Andover ; married for his first wife Caroline, daughter of Judge Elias Bottum, and for his second wife Mary F., daughter of Deacon Ira Gifford. In 1846 he was chosen professor in Middlebury Col lege, and in 1 849 elected to Congress, where he served severt years. He died August 23, 1856, having just been re-nominated. Rev. C. B. Hulbert, D.D., was a pastor of ability and much force of char acter. His sermons were studious, thoughtful, and conceived in the true Christian spirit. His kind and sympathetic manner gained him the esteem of the parish, and made him especially attractive to young people. After several years' service at Newark, N. J., and at Bennington, Vt., he was chosen president of Middlebury College, and served several years. The other pastors, so far as is known, were all men well fitted for their work. Mr. Sargent, the present pastor, has endeared himself to the parish both by his public labor and his corttact with the people. Irt January, 1886, a large revival took place, the result of his earnest and effective work. At the March communion forty-three united with the church — the largest number at one time since 1868. The church has now a membership of about three hun dred, with a Sabbath-school of over one hundred. The pastor preaches at the Mills once a month. The church officers, are as follows : Deacons, Julius L. Eldredge, E. A. Doud, Frank T Nash, Hugh Potter, and Henry R. Barro.ws; clerk, E. A. Doud ; Sunday-school superintendent. Dr. E. F. Preston. The Baptists organized a church at an early day in the west part of the town, which flourished for some years under the ministrations of Elders Hay ward and Hurlburt. About the beginnirtg of the presertt century it is said that Lorenzo Dow and Samuel Mitchell organized a Methodist society in the east part of the town, but it was not of long duration. A considerable portion of the inhab itants of the western part of the town yet attend the Methodist meetings in Weybridge. There has been for a great many years a camp-meeting held yearly (usually in August, for a week or ten days) at " Spring Grove," located two Town of New Haven. 553 and one-half miles south from New Haven Depot, ort the R. artd B. Railroad, one-half mile west of Town Hill and one-half mile east of the turnpike. The New Haven Camp-meeting Association was incorporated by the Legislature of the State in 1868, and improvements are made yearly, as the society is firtanciaUy prospering. The denomination of Adventists built a small church at BrooksviUe just before the late war, but it has declined, and but few members now remain. The Universalist Society of New Havert ordained Caleb Rich as their pas tor January 24, 1803. The society long ago ceased to exist New Haven Temperance Society. — Prior to 1 830 it will be observed that several distilleries for the manufacturing of spirituous liquors had been erected in town. Merchants sold liquors over their counters with the same freedom that they did other goods, in conformity with a usage which had come down to them from a former generation. In December, 183 1, the temperance agi tation had assumed such proportions that the New Haven Temperance Society was organized, containing two hundred and fifty members and including many of the leading citizens of the town. Large accessions to its ranks were after ward secured. Hon. Elias Bottum was the first president Meetings were held weekly in the different school-houses, alternating from one to another, when animated discussions were held relating to the temperance question. Speakers were appointed in advance who were to address these weekly meet ings. Prominent among them are the names of Dr. E. D. Warner, Deacon Ira Gifford, Lemuel B. Eldredge, Martin Cowles, J. W. Langdon, Sylvester Doud, Calvin Squier, and Elias Bottum. In 1833 the scope of the discussions was enlarged, so as to include other topics relating to morals or literature. The society requested the merchants to abandon the traffic in ardent spirits. The meetings were kept up with great regularity for about six years, until finally they became annual, the last recorded being held in 1854, when Deacon Calvirt Squier was elected president and E. S. Bottum secretary. The society was reorganized in 1858 and continued till 1862. This society exercised a large influence upon the public sentiment of the town. Lanesboro Stock Farm. — This farm is owned by William H. Partch, who also keeps the hotel at New Haven viUage. Mr. Partch has made it his chief business for a number of years to breed horses of excellent blood, chiefly of the Cassius Clay stock. He is now the owner of the celebrated "Clay Jones," bred by Peter W. Jones, of Amherst, N. H., which was sired by Cassius M. Clay, and several other scarcely less prominent horses of this blood. Mr Partch has at this writing thirteen horses on his farm, aU of which are of excep tional qualities, and enjoys the reputation of having done as much for the im provement of horses as any man in Addison county. He also has about twenty head of Jersey cattle. His farm embraces one hundred and forty-six acres. 554 History of Addison County. Mercantile Business. — On the corner now occupied by C. F. Squier as a merchant Samuel Buck was in trade, the first merchant in town, occupying what is now the rear part of the store. C. T Bingham afterward carried on business there. The building was erected by Wait Squier for a dwelling house and store in its present condition, about 1830. Bingham was succeeded by Bates & Livermore (A. C. Bates and Ray F. Livermore) ; they were followed by E. W. Bird and D. C. Hall, as the firm of Bird & HaU. L. W. PoUard next kept the store, and was succeeded by W. M. Partch. He was foUowed by F. W. Nash, and he by Chapin & Squier in 1882. Chapin retired in the spring of 1885. In early years a small store was kept between the academy and Mrs. Meach- am's residence, called the " Red store," built by E. H. Landon, and where he traded two years, and was followed by Timothy Smith, of Monkton. Ira and Noble Stewart came to New Haven about 18 10, and lived in the house built by Samuel Buck, now occupied by Dr. E. D. Hall. They built the store known as the " Roscoe store," and remained in trade about seven years, removing to Middlebury, where Ira Stewart was for a long time a leading mer chant, and became one of the prominent citizens of the county. Horace San ford succeeded the Stewarts and remained two years. Rodman Chapman, in 1 8 19, was his successor and remained ten years. Mr. Chapman was a very prominent business man during this period. He dealt very extensively in cat tle, produce, etc., for Boston and other markets. He had a distillery on the New Haven Gore, and built the large brick house in the village, now owned by G. W. Barton, at a cost of about $7,000. Chapman was succeeded by McPher son & Fillmore, who remained about four years, and were followed by Alfred P. Roscoe and Hubbard Cook, who were partners about three years when Cook retired, and Roscoe was associated for several years with William P. Nash, the partnership terminating in 1843. Mr. Roscoe continued the business alone until 1857, when he retired, and A. M. Roscoe and Ovette Washburn were in trade together two years. Washburn then died, and A. P. Roscoe resumed business with his son under the firm name of A. P. Roscoe & Son, and contin ued up to 1869, when he retired, and A. M. and H. C. Roscoe, as "Roscoe Brothers," continued until 1877. Nash & Leavenworth then bought the store and goods, and remained two years, when A. M. Roscoe bought out Nash and was in partnership with Leavenworth two years, when Leavenworth retired. From that time until his death, h^bruary 8, 1885, A. M. Roscoe continued the business alone. His administrator, H. C. Roscoe, managed the store for the estate, until January, 1886, when he purchased the goods in the store, and is managing it on his own behalf The present officers of this town are as follows : Selectmen, S. S. Wright, D. H. Squier, F. T. Nash ; clerk, Edward S. Dana ; treasurer, E. A. Doud ; constable and collector, John A. Cadwell ; overseer of the poor, John A. Cad- Town of Orwell. 555 well ; listers, M. J. Landon, G. W. Flint, L. Richards ; auditors, E. S. Dana, E. A. Landon, Frank C. Eastman ; trustees of public money, E. A. Doud, WUUam P. Nash ; fence viewers, D. W. Nash, J. A. Cadwell, George F. Wash burn ; grand jurors, H. P. Palmer, S. B. M. Cowles, C. W. Mason ; town agent, H. P. Palmer ; superintendent of schools, Dr E. F. Preston. The following figures show the population of this town at the various periods named: 1791, 723; 1800, 1,135; 1810, 1,688; 1820, 1,566; 1830, 1,834; 1840, 1,503; 1850, 1,663; i860, 1,419; 1870, 1,355; 1880, 1,355. CHAPTER XXVIII. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF ORWELL.i THE town of Orwell is located in the extreme southwestern corner of the county, and is bounded north by Shoreham ; east by Whiting and Sud bury (the latter in Rutland county) ; south by Benson (also in Rutland coun ty); and west by Lake Champlain. It was granted by King George III, through Benning Wentworth, his majesty's governor of the province of New Hampshire, and consisted of an oblong square of land about six miles by seven, and bounded by a line beginning at a point due east from the flag-staff of the fort at Ticonderoga, thence passing east seven miles, thence south six miles, thence west to the shore of Wood Creek, as this part of Lake Champlain was then called, thence along the shore of the creek to the place of begirtrting. The conditions of the grant were the same as those of other towns in this county. Notwithstanding the stringency of the condition to cultivate five acres within five years for each fifty, a very long period of time was suffered to elapse before the grantees took possession of their grants, for the township was not settled, and remained an unbroken wilderness, with one exception, until after the Rev olutionary War ; nor was it surveyed and divided among the grantees untU after that time. As may readily be supposed, then, very little attention was paid to many of these royal conditions. As originally surveyed by the proprietors, the town was said to have, " ex clusive of ponds and streams," an area of 27,570 acres, though it was probably somewhat larger ; but this area was increased by the Legislature November 9, 1 847, by the annexation of a small part of Benson. Four days later, Novem ber 13, an act was passed annexing the whole township to Addison county, as up to this time it had been a part of Rutlartd county. The surface of the town is generaUy about as level as is suitable for farming 1 For the following history we are largely indebted to that written by the late Hon. Roswell Bottum, printed in pamphlet form in 1881, about four years after that gentleman's death. 556 History of Addison County. purposes ; most of it is termed roUing land — that is, more or less undulating — and is very fertile, producing abundant crops of grain and grass. The western part is more clayey, yet is counted quite as good for grass. The eastern part is better adapted to the production of grain. There is a tract of land from fif teen to eighteen hundred acres, in the south part of the town, that is consider ably broken and hilly. The attention of the early settlers was first directed to the growing of wheat, to which their lands were well adapted. It is believed that no country has ever produced that crop in greater perfection or in greater quantities per acre than this town. As the country became cleared up and their means for graz ing developed, they shifted their attention from the growing of wheat to the raising of cattle, as an easier mode of getting the profit of their lands, until, in turn, beef cattle became the staple article of production. The Orwell cattle were for many years well known and appreciated in Boston as the finest cattle brought to market. About the year 1825 the demand for wool for the supply of our domestic manufactures, which had sprung up, under the auspices of our protective tariff system, in all parts of New England, was such as to command prices that in duced the people of Orwell to shift their staple from beef cattle to the growing of that article ; and to such an extent did the people pursue this branch of hus bandry that for several years they produced but little else, not even a supply of breadstuff for home consumption ; and in consequence large quantities of flour were for several years imported from the West for domestic use. During this period it was estimated that the annual amount of wool produced was about one hundred thousand pounds, and some years considerably over that quantity. About the first Merino sheep in town were rams introduced here by Luther Brown and William Fuller (neighbors), as early as 181 5. Among the more prominent early breeders were Linus Wilcox, who raised both Merino and Saxony sheep ; Dorus Bascom, and his son O. H. Bascom, whose flock has re mained intact to the presertt day, and is now owned by William Bascom ; Moses A. Clark, whose flocks were a mixture of Merino and Saxony; Archibald Brewer, and Samuel his son, who raised high-bred Merinos ; Colonel Joseph Chittenden, and Josiah B. Scovell. In fact, nearly every farm of any preten sions had its flock of more or less thorough-bred sheep. This interest began to decline in Orwell, however, many years before the war, and to be replaced by the dairying interest. The most prominent breeders of to-day are Daniel and Joel Buell, W. R. Sanford, S. S. Stevens, Henry Hibbard, WilUam O. Bas com, Horace and George D. Bush. In 1854, January 10, the "OrweU Farmers' Club" was organized with J. H. Chittenden, president, W. R. Sanford, vice-president, Seth Benson, secre tary, and Ira Young, treasurer. Article second of its constitutiort states the Town of Orwell. 557 object of the club to be as follows: "The object of this club shall be the dis cussion of agricultural subjects, the cultivation of our minds, artd the improve ment ofthe agriculture of this towrt." AU of these points have been success fully and faithfully carried out, as the improvement in stock and agriculture will testify, clearly proclaiming that a " cultivation of the mind " preceded it. East Creek, which takes its rise in Benson, enters the town a little west of the center on the south line, and takes a northerly course until it approaches within about one hundred and fifty rods of the center village. It then turns and bears a northwesterly course until it flows into the lake near the northwest corner of the town. Soon after taking its northwestern direction its course is quite serperttirte, traversirtg in its course to the lake nearly double the distance of a straight line. Upon this stream, about one mile from the center village, were located the grist and saw-mills of Colonel Chittenden. A few years since a woolen factory was in operation at this place, and formerly a carding-machine and clothing works found profitable business there ; but both were long since abandorted, the state of domestic manufacture not being sufficient to afford them requisite business. About one- third of a mUe below is another set of falls, where were formerly mUls, but they are now abandoned. At this place, about the year 1788, a furnace that did considerable business was erected by the Hon. Matthew Lyon. North Branch enters the town from the north and unites with the creek about a mile below the last mentioned falls. There are several falls in this stream that would afford mill privileges if the supply of water were ade quate throughout the year. Lemon Fair River has its source in the eastern part of the town in two branches which run nearly paraUel and unite near the north line of the town, and thence flow into Shoreham. Mount Independence, noted in the history of the Revolution, is upon the eastern shore of the lake and upon a point formed by the junction of East Creek with the lake, and is near the northwest corner of the town ; the creek ap- proachirtg the lake at an acute angle forms a point which appears to jut out into the lake. The town was originally heavily timbered, a large part of its forests con sisting of a fine quality of white pine, while white, red, and black oak, hemlock, maple, beech, birch, hickory, white and black ash, red and white elm, etc., were abundant. Early Settlements. — The first white settler in this township was John Char ter, an emigrant from Scotland, who located himself with his family upon the lake shore near Mount Independence some years previous to the Revolutionary War, and while the country, to a great extent around him, was an unbroken wilderness ; and with the exceptiort of a small garrisort stationed at Ticonder oga, on the opposite side of the lake, there was no white inhabitant with whom he could have had communication. He came by way of Quebec and Mont- real. At the latter place he procured a boat, in which he embarked his fam- 36 558 History of Addison County. ily, and pursued his way up the lake until he reached the place where he finally settled, which probably appeared to him an Eldorado that satisfied his desires, for he had his choice along the whole line of the lake on either side from St Johrts to Whitehall, no one in aU that distance being there to oppose him in taking possession ; and it is extremely doubtful whether he could have made a better choice anywhere upon the borders of the lake. The farm he selected has always been considered the most fertile and productive of any land in town. He claimed only one hundred acres, and with that was content He raised a large family of children, and continued to reside upon his farm until about the year 1 808, when he sold his farm and with his sons removed to the West, and has been dead many years. As we have stated, the town was not surveyed, laid out into lots, and di vided among the original grantees until after the Revolutiort, or in 1783. None of the original proprietors ever settled in the town, and but few of them re tained any interest in the lands at the time the survey was made, though their names were all retained as shareholders and appear upon the early map and records of the town, yet their interest in the lands had been assigned to actual settlers. Several, perhaps the larger part of the grantees, settled in Dutchess courtty in the State of New York, and in the city of New York. Only three or four of them ever made themselves familiar with the settlers, namely, Ben jamin Underbill, Reed Ferris, Benjamin Ferris, and perhaps one or two others who settled in Dutchess county. They were highly respected for their honesty and fairness in all their business transactiorts. Joshua Tracy, esq., a resident of the town of Pawlet, was employed by the proprietors, in the year 1783, to make the survey and draw the shares, and early in the spring he came into town for the purpose of commencing the work, with the necessary assistants. He found Ephraim Fisher and Eber Murray already located in the wUderness, they being undoubtedly the first settlers after the charter of the town. The same year WiUiam Fisher, brother of Ephraim, came in, also Major Amos Spafford and Shadrach Hathaway, and began settlements. The year follow ing, 1784, several others came into town, among whom were Hort. PUny Smith, Joshua Tracy, David Leouard, Nathaniel Mallary, and Elisha Clark. After the year 1784 the settlements advanced very rapidly, so that when the town was organized, on the I2th day of December, 1787, there were be tween seventy and eighty families here. From the record of the meeting for the organization it appears that the following persons were present and took the freeman's oath and the oath of allegiance : Colonel Samuel Brewer, Cap tain Ebenezer Wilson, Lieutenant WUliam Smith, Lieutenant Jonas Rice, Shadrach Hathaway, Amos Spafford, John Charter, William Culver, Thomas Davenport, Archibald Brewer, Cyrus Clark, Joshua Tracy, Peter Hall, Smith Clark, Jabez Warren, Nathan Warren, Ebenezer Griswold, Robert Oliver, William Fisher, Isaiah Abel, Azel Abel, Ephraim Fisher, David Cutting, Rug- Town of Orwell. 559 gles Ward, Thomas Stearns, Elijah Cutting, Amos Palmer, Ebenezer Babcock, Samuel Torry, Heman Wilson, Stephen Spaulding, Simeon Spaulding, John Thompson, John McManus, Sampson Spaulding, Thomas Scovell, Ebenezer Spencer, Micah Wilson, Elezar Mallany, Samuel Griswold, Adoniram Hinman, Gershom Hale, jr, Elijah Wentworth, Pliny Smith, Nehemiah Royce, Joseph Sanford, EUphalet Smith, Simeon Young, Gideon Tower, Timothy Hibbard, Sterling Stearns, Paul Gates, Dyer WiUiams, Elisha Clark, Beniah Stevens, Reuben Smith, Gershom Hail, Elias Wilcox, Samuel Cook, Jacob Royce, Abi jah Smith, WilUam Allen, Uriah Hibbard, Brisley Peters, Asa Story, Jessee Brown, Clark Sanford, Jessee Bottum, Ichabod Sparrow Paine, Solomon Save ry, Ebenezer Gleason. These seventy-one citizens, taken collectively, in point of industry, enterprise, perseverance, honesty, morality, and firmness of pur pose, cannot probably be excelled, nor perhaps equaled, by any like number of first settlers in Vermont or any other country. They were mostly emigrants from Massachusetts and Connecticut • As early as 1852 only three of this ven erable band were left — Clark Sanford, Samuel Griswold, and Reuben Smith — and evert these passed away soon after. Joshua Tracy, whom we have mentioned as making the first survey of the town, and who subsequently became an agent of the proprietors in disposing of their lands to the settlers, was a native of Norwich Conn., and emigrated from there to Pawlet, Vt, and finaUy came to Orwell in 1784. Being a man of considerable capacity, and understanding the surveys, he was thought a suit able person to employ as land agent He was one of the first justices of the peace elected after the town was organized, and was well esteemed by the in habitartts. He died irt the year 1790. He had a large famUy, but none of his descendants remained in the town. Jabez Warren succeeded to the land agency, and became a man of consid erable note in the towrt. He engaged, in company with Dr. Luman Pettibone and Thomas Scovell, settlers of the town, in the mercantile business, which proved a failure, and which so embarrassed his pecuniary affairs that he was obUged to sell his farm, a very good one, now owned by Edwin Bottum, He afterwards, about the year 1803, removed to Western New York. He was also one of the first justices of the peace in town, and continued as such until he left He was chosen town clerk in 1790, and continued to hold that office until the year 1799. Hon. PUny Smith was born in Suffield, Conn., December I9,*i76i, and with his father removed to Rupert, Vt, in 1776. In 1777 he served as a sol dier in the Revolutionary army. In 1783 he was employed by Tracy as chain- man in surveying this town, and, being pleased with the country, the next year, 1784, removed into town and bought a farm. He was appointed a justice of the peace in the year 1 797, and held that office untU he died, a period of over forty years. He was chosen one of the town selectmen as early as the 56o History of Addison County. year 1790, and held that office about forty-five years. He officiated, about the year 1790, two or three years as coustable. In the year 1798 he was chosen towrt representative to the State Legislature, and represented the town for ten years consecutively, when he was elected a member of the State Coun cil, to which he was re-elected for eight or nine years. He was appointed assistant judge of Rutland County Court in 1808. After serving several years as assistant judge, he was appointed chief judge of that court, which office he held until 1820 or '21. He lyas a member of the corporation ofthe Vermont' University from 18 10 to '16, and was chosen town clerk in 1799, and retained that office until 1825. Judge Smith died July 5, 1840, aged seventy-nine years. The old homestead is now occupied by his granddaughters, Jane and Ann Smith, daughters of Israel. Lieutenant William Smith, an elder brother of Judge Smith, came into town very early, probably in 1784. He was a magistrate and quite active in the early proceedings, but died in 1789. Hon. Ebenezer Wilson, a native of Connecticut, emigrated to this town about the year 1784, and was chosen proprietors' register in the year 1791. He was the first representative of the town to the State Legislature, elected in 1788, and was re-elected to that office until the year 1798. Judge Wilson was appointed assistant judge of Rutland County Court in the year 1792, which office he held for several years. He sold, his farm and removed to Western New York about the year 1808. Hon. ApoUas Austin, a native of Suffield, Conn., was born about the year 1760. Early in the War of the Revolution he enlisted as a soldier, while yet a boy in his seventeenth year, and continued in the army throughout the war He was in the battles of Monmouth, Germantown, and many others, and was honorably discharged at the close of the war. On retiring from the army he first engaged irt the business of peddling wooden dishes, afterwards adding to his stock needles, pins, and a variety of other small articles, and later came to Orwell for the purpose of getting out timber for the Quebec market, disposing of his goods for timber and labor. He was very successful in this enterprise and followed it two or three years. He afterwards, as a merchant in this town, acquired wealth. Deacon Eber Murray, from Guilford, Conn., came to Orwell in 1783, lo cating in the northeastern part of the town. Mr. Murray was an earnest, straightforward man, and was mainly instrumental in organizing the first church, and served as a deacon of the Baptist Church for many years. He was twice married, and reared a family of eight children, his son David being the first child born in the township. Deacon Murray died in 1825. The widow of his grandson, Mrs. Leland Murray, now occupies the homestead. Ephraim Fisher, who came into town with Deacon Murray, was a native of Massachusetts, He also acquired a large property, which he left at his death in possession of his son, Isaac Fisher, and which is now the property of his Town of Orwell. 561 grandson, Ira Fisher. The old gentieman had very Uttie taste for notoriety, but contented himself with the business of his farm and in the quiet of his own family. He died about the year 1834. His brother William came into the town soon after, locating upon an adjoining farm, where he also acquired a large property. He died about the year 1829. The farm is now occupied by George Thomas. Joab Smith, esq., came into town about the time of its organization, though . his name does not appear upon the records of that transaction. His native place was Athol, Mass. He was elected town representative in the year 1 808, and was annually re-elected to that office until 1818; was a justice of the peace over thirty years, and was many years town selectman. He was very influential in town, and died about the year 1844, upon the farm on which he first settled, now owned by Chandler Johnson, leaving it in possession of his youngest son, Jacob Smith, jr, now a resident of Brandon. Shadrach Hathaway was one of the first settlers upon a farm where is now located the center village in the town, and was a very active and prominent citizen while he resided in town. He gave to the town a lot of two acres of land for the benefit of the society (probably intending the Congregational So ciety and Congregational Church, of which he was a member) for a meeting house lot, provided they should occupy and continue to occupy the same with a meeting-house. He removed as early as 1794 to the north part of this State. Major Amos Spafford also came into town among the first settlers, and was quite active in the early proceedings of the town for a few years, and then re moved. Simeon Young came into town before its organization, from Athol, Mass., and was an active and useful citizen, acquired a large property, and was quite influential. He had three sons in town, who became citizens of the first re spectabihty. All of them have been many years magistrates, and two of them have been town representatives. He died in October, 1847, at the advanced age of eighty-four years, leaving his farm in the possession of his eldest son, Samuel Young, and it is now owned by H. H. Young, son of Samuel. Deacon Ebenezer Hulburd came into town about the time of its organiza tion, from Rupert, Vt His native place was Suffield, Conn. He was the first deacon of the Congregational Church, and continued in that office until his death, which occurred in the year 18 19. He acquired a handsome property, and reared a large and respectable family, who settled in various parts of the country, and but few of whom remain in Orwell. The old farm is now the property of Dr Mather, of Boston. Colonel Samuel Brewer came into the town in 1786. He was a native of Connecticut He commanded a regiment in the War of the Revolution and was stationed some time at Ticonderoga. His son Archibald, thert a youth, was with him in the capacity of waiter. Immediately after the war closed they 562 History of Addison County. both removed to Ticonderoga and erected mills there upon the falls of Lake George Creek, but soon removed to Orwell, where the son built a distiUery. Colonel Brewer was a very companionable man, with a great fund of ready wit, and was much esteemed. It was said he was a very good officer. He died about the year 1810. David Leonard came into the town in 1784, and was an enterprising and energetic man, who immediately set about erecting a grist-mill and saw-miU. These were the first mills erected in town, and were of great bertefit to the early settlers. Irt the month of March, 1789, the grist-mill was burned, with 200 bushels of wheat deposited therein, which circumstauce tended greatly to en hance its scarcity that year. Mr. Leonard lost no time in rebuilding his miU, and the people, having an interest in its reconstruction, did much to aid him in accomplishing the work, so that early in the season of the same year it was again in operation. These mUls were where James Lillie's now is. Jonas Royce, formerly spelled Rice till changed by the Legislature, served in the War of the Revolution, aud soon after its close located upon the farm now owned by his grandson, William Royce. George Royce is another grand son. The old building now standing on the farm, erected previous to 1800, was used for many years as a hotel. Nehemiah Royce, from Massachusetts, came soon after the Revolution, and located upon the farm now owned by his grandson, Luther Royce, moving his goods on horseback. He married Cynthia Smith, reared a family of four chU dren, and died AprU 5, 1817. Joshua White, one of the early settlers from Connecticut, purchased a large tract of land in the western part of the town, where he subsequently engaged in mercantile pursuits, residing upon the farm he first settled till his death. Some of his descendants are still residents of the town. Isaiah Abell, from Norwich, Conn., came to Orwell in 1786, locating upon the farm now owned by his grandson, C. E. Abell. The year previous he came on with Samuel Griswold, made a clearing, and planted some wheat; it was the first clearing made on this farm. He died at an advanced age in 18 14. Nathaniel Bacon, from Connecticut, located at an early date upon the farm now owned by Thomas Burke, and later moved to the present farm of Sheldon Conkey. Mr. Bacon was a deacon of the Congregational Church here for forty years, and led the choir for a number of years. He died in 185 1, aged eighty- six years. J. W. Bacon, son of Nathaniel, was born here in 1800, and died in AprU, 1 88 1. He was largely identified with all that concerned the welfare of the church and the support of her ministers, and was recognized as a benevo lent man. His wife, Harriet (Hubbard) Bacon, a native of Sheffield, Mass., was a woman of rare intellectual gifts, aud was noted for sustaining a part in all good works, Ellis Bensort came to Orwell among the early settlers, locating in the south- Town of Orwell. 563 western part of the towrt, where he died at art advartced age. EUis, jr, came with his father, but removed to Beuson a few years later, where he died De cember 31, 1849. His son Justus, born in Benson in 1808, located in the southwesterrt part of this town in 1865. Timothy Hibbard located in the eastern part of the town, upon the farm now owned by his son George M. The old homestead, built in 1800, is still startdirtg. Samuel Griswold, from Norwich, Coun., located in 1787 upon the farm now owrted by his grandsons, Sidney, Henry, and Carlton Griswold, where he re sided till his death in 1852. Lester Griswold came with Samuel, his father, and subsequently located upon the farm now owned by William C, where he died in 1867. Marvin, son of Samuel, born here in 1800, died in 1854, when his place reverted to his son Sidney. E. D. Griswold, son of Lester, born here in 1829 and a resident since that time, was the pioneer in breeding Jersey cattle in this section, and brought the first full-blooded Jerseys to this town. Moses A. Clark, an early settler in the western part of the town, came from Pawlet He married twice, had seven chUdren born to him, and died in 1859. Orte of his sons, who died recently, married Emily, daughter of Judge Bottum, who now resides on the old Bottum farm. James Conkey, from Connecticut, located at an early date upon the farm now owned by his grandson, a son of Chauncey, where he resided until his death in 1838, Rev. Elnathan Phelps, from Massachusetts, located with his son Elnathan in the northern part of the town previous to 1800. He was the first settled minister in the township. Elnathan, jr., married Phebe Tuttle, reared eleven children, and died in 1843. Asa Parks, from New York, located in the southern part of the town in 1785. He married Lucy Branch, reared nine children, and died in 1813. His wife died in 1863, aged ninety-seven years. Their son Asa, born in 1798, died recently. EUas Bascom, from Newport, N. H., located in the western part of the town in 1792, where he remained three years and then removed to the farm now owned by S. H. Bascom, where he died in 1833. His son Darius resided on the old farm and died in 1842. He married Chloe Hubbard and reared a fam ily of nine children, one of whom, S. H. Bascom, resides on the old farm. His sister Emily was the wife of William R. Sanford. Luther Brown, from Litchfield, Conn., came to Orwell previous to 1790, locating upon the farm now owned by his son John F., where he continued to reside untU his death irt 1837. John F. was born on this place in 1805. He married for his first wife Caroline Sanford, who bore him a daughter, Carrie S., and for his second wife Pauhne White, who bore him four children — Milton R., Effie, Ella, and Allen. Mr Brown is now a hale old gentleman of eighty years. 564 History of Addison County. RosweU Bottum, from Norwich, Conn., came to Orwell among the early settlers, locating upon the farm now owned by Mrs. Emily Clark, widow of M. J. Clark, where he continued to reside until his death in 1856. Roswell Bottum, jr., born here in 1796, lived a long artd useful life, and died October 28, 1877, aged eighty-one years. He married Elne Hulburt, daughter of Eb enezer Hulburt, born August 20, 1797, about a mile and a half south of her present home. Since their wedding, in 1820, Mrs. Bottum has resided on the old farm, a period of sixty-six years. Of their family of two sons and seven daugh ters, Henry resides in Rosendale, Wis., George R. in Rutland, Vt, and Mrs. Emily Clark, one of the five surviving daughters, on the farm with her mother. Judge Bottum possessed a strong intellect and an energetic disposition, coupled with sterling integrity, which early won for him a warm place in the regard of his townsmen, whom he served in the principal town trusts for many years. He was a justice of the peace fifty-two years, town clerk forty-five years, assist ant judge of the County Court three years, and represented the town in the Leg islature several terms. Judge Bottum was also quite literary in his tastes, and had commenced a history of the town, which, in an incomplete state, was pub lished in 1 88 1. Jesse Bottum, also from Norwich, Conn., came here previous to 1800, locat ing upon the farm next south of where W. R. Sanford now lives, and afterward removed to that occupied by the latter's grandson. His son Bishop came with him and subsequently participated in the battle of Plattsburgh. Bishop mar ried Zilpha Conkey, reared a family of six children, artd died in i860. His son, E. M., occupies the old homestead. Joseph Sanford was orte of the early settlers on the farm now owned by Ad dison Kimball, where he kept a tavern for several years, and removed to the place now occupied by his grandson, W. R. Sanford, son of Clark Sanford. W. R. Sanford was born here on the 4th of March, 1805, and has passed all his life Ort the homestead. He married Emily Bascom and had a family of seven children — three sons and four daughters, of whom three sons and two daugh ters are yet living. Mr. Sanford is one of the oldest sheep-breeders in the State. He kept sheep for some years before 1830, when he began to raise thorough-bred Merinos of the Jarvis variety. Joseph Thomas, from Litchfield, Conn., came to Orwell in 1793 and lo cated in the westerrt part of the towrt, where he remained a few years, then re moved to the northeastern part upon the farm now owned by Mrs. Vail, where he engaged in the business of a saddler. He had eight children — four sons and four daughters, all but two of whom, Julia and Juhus C, are now dead, the former residing in Bennington, the latter in this town. Isaac Tenney, with his three brothers, Jesse, Alvin, artd Lewis, removed from Bennington county to this town in 1794, and located upon the farm now owned by I. T. Branch. He married Minerva Buck and had a family of seven Town of Orwell. 565 children, five of whom were daughters. One, Luna, married Martin D. Branch, who occupies the old homestead. James HuU, from Newport, N. H., came to OrweU about the year 1800, locating upon the farm now owned by his son, James E. He married Char lotte Bush and had a family of five children, two of whom still reside in the town. Philip Hemenway, from Massachusetts, located in Bridport in 1806, and thence came to OrweU in 1808, locating upon the farm now owned by his son Lewis S. He died in August, 1863, his wife foUowing him in AprU of the next year Lewis S., now aged seventy-nine years, represented the town in 1 863 and 1 864. He married Marsha Clark and had a family of four children, only Orte of whom, Harriet, the widow of H. D. Bascom, is now living. Jeremiah Boynton, from Massachusetts, came to this town about the year 1 800, locating about a mUe and a half east of the village, where he remained about three years, then located in the viUage, where in 18 16 he built the Ea gle Hotel, and conducted it for a period of about a quarter of a century, when it was taken by his son, J. W. Boynton, the present proprietor Jeremiah mar ried Martha Wilson and had a family of five children, and died in 1865, aged eighty-three years. His wife died in 1871, also in her eighty-third year Ebenezer Wilcox, from Newport, N. H., came to Orwell about 1808, and located upon the farm now owned by his granddaughter and her husband, H. T. Cutts. Ebenezer had a family of ten children, and four generations have been reared on the old homestead. The locations selected for a home by others of the early settlers were as follows : Smith Clark and Cyrus Clark, south of the Hulburd farm ; Peter H. Hall, east of the present farm of W. R. Sanford ; WiUiam Culver, upon the farm now owned by Rollin WUliams ; Abell family, in the eastern part of the town ; David Cutting, upon the farm now owned by Patrick Spearing ; Amos Palmer, near Pliny Smith's ; Samuel Torry, a harness-maker, boarded with Jeremiah Boynton, and participated in the battle of Plattsburgh; Beriah Stevens, the farm adjoining that of EUen Youngs on the east ; Samuel Cook, in the northern part of the town, upon the farm now owned by his grandson, Samuel; Abijah Smith, in the southeastern part of the town ; Brinsley Peters, known as "old Father Peters," kept a small tavern in the eastern part of the town, about a mile west of Joab Smith's ; Ebenezer Gleason, in the Pliny Smith neighbor hood ; Gershom Hale lived about half a mile east of the village, upon the farm now occupied by Chester Hack, where his father, Gershom Hale, also lived, who was a noted hunter, fisherman, and wag ; Eliphalet Smith lived in the east ern part of the town ; Simeon Young, also in the eastern part of the town ; Gideon Town located near the Shoreham line ; Heman Wilson, near PUny Smith's; Stephen Spaulding, just west of Jonas Rice (later Royce), now occu pied by John HaU and ApoUas Skinner ; Simeon Spaulding lived on the same S66 History of Addison County. place, and Sampson Spaulding was a near neighbor ; Thomas Scovell, about two miles east of the village, on the Ellen Youug farm ; Adoniram Hinman, southwest of the village, on the late Samuel Cook place ; and Daniel and Silas Buell, in the southwestern part of the town. Town Organization. — At the meeting for organization, December 12, 1787, the settlers made choice of the foUowing persons for office in the town for the year foUowing, viz.: Lieutenant William Smith, moderator ; David Leonard, town clerk ; Lieu tenant WilUam Smith, Captain Ebenezer Wilson, Major Amos Spafford, trust ees ; Cyrus Clark, constable. Voted, That the selectmen serve as listers or assessors, and that the constable serve as coUector. These were all the towrt officers that it was deemed expedient to elect at that time; but the succeeding year the inhabitants converted on the I2th of March, and proceeded to transact the following business, viz.: The meeting being opened pursuant to the warning. Lieutenant EUsha Clark was chosen moderator ; David Leonard, town clerk ; Captain Ebenezer Wilson, Major Amos Spafford, Lieutenant WiUiam Smith, Colonel Samuel Brewer, and Ebenezer Griswold, selectmen ; Lieutenant Jonas Rice, town treas urer; Jabez Warren, constable and coUector; David Cutting, grand juror; Cyrus Clark, Elisha Clark, Nathan Warren, artd Ephraim Fisher, listers ; Eber Murray, sealer of leather ; Joseph Sanford, sealer of weights and measures ; Westley Perkins, tithingman ; Shadrach Hathaway, Micah Wilson, Archibald Brewer, William Smith, Samuel Torry, Smith Clark, and Thomas Scovell, sur veyors of highways ; William Fuller, Azel Abel, John Thompson, haywards ; William Culver, brander of horses ; Adoniram Hinman, deercap. Extreme anxiety was felt about this time to obtain settlers, and every in ducement was held out that could be offered by the people to persuade new comers to buy lands. Tracy, the land agent, who partook of the same feeling, to accommodate the wishes of buyers disregarded the surveys and division made by his principals, the original proprietors, often making entire new " pitches," as they were called, surveying out to buyers such desirable pieces and in such form as they chose, making it the one point aimed at to suit pur chasers. As it proved, he in nearly every case made great errors in quantity in favor of buyers, the result of which was that when the lands had been aU taken up several of the entire shares of the original grantees were run out, and no land remained for them. It was known that the dimensions of the town were sufficient to give to all their full shares, and that the deficiency was the result of gross errors. Before, however, these difficulties had assumed any serious aspect, Mr. Tracy died, and his agency fell into the hands of Jabez Warren, esq., whose management was no better, but in many respects much worse. Between the two agents, titles had become so deranged and confused that it was difficult to ascertain whose titles were good and whose otherwise. Town of Orwell. 567 These difficulties became apparent about the year 1797; and to render the cir cumstances more appalling, a man by the name of David Porter appeared in town, who claimed to have purchased of all the wanting proprietors, whose shares had been crowded out, their several interests in and claims to lands in town, bringing deeds and powers of attorney to that effect. To enforce his claims. Porter threatened to commence suits at law to recover the rights he claimed to have purchased. It was foreseen that if Porter should proceed to put his threats in execution the effect would be to involve the inhabitants, and perhaps the town irt its corporate capacity, in endless litigation, a calamity which all saw the importance of endeavoring to avert if possible. To this end a proposition was made to Porter that if he would desist from prosecuting, the whole of the lands in the town should be re-surveyed by an accurate surveyor, giving to each occupant the right to hold his land as he then occupied it, merely perambulating the present lines, but with the condition that if the land of any occupant should hold out in quantity more than he had pur chased it for, such occupant should pay in money for such excess to Porter, at the rate he had purchased his lands ; or if any occupant chose to relinquish his excess of land instead of paying for it in money, he should have the right to do so, and Porter should take the land. And to induce all the land-holders in town to sign this compact in writing, it was agreed that one link should be added to the chain with which the lands should be surveyed, so as to be sure to give to each occupant the fuU measure of land ; and if any occupant should have less land than he had purchased, his quota should be made up to him. A committee was to be chosen by the town to assist the surveyor, and to have power to designate and locate all overplus pieces, and award lands for such as were deficient. To this proposition Porter finally acceded. James Whelpley, esq., was selected as a surveyor to be entrusted with the work, and the Hon. Pliny Smith, Hon. ApoUas Austin, Ebenezer Wilson, and Cyrus Clark, esq., were chosen the committee of " location," as they were called, to locate overplus lands. This survey was made in the year 1 799. The result of this arrangement was that nearly all paid the money for their over plus lands to Porter, and the residue of lands that were not paid for he sold out in bulk to Mr Austin. The town of Sudbury, adjoining Orwell on the east, was chartered a short time prior to the towrt of Orwell, and it appears that through some mistake the charters of both cover a strip of land one mile in width across the entire east end of the town. After considerable trouble the tract was held by Or well. In 1789 the inhabitants suffered a terrible scarcity of provisions, when mea ger want became an inmate in nearly every dwelling in town. The settlers, during the short time they had been upon their farms, had beert employed irt rearirtg their log cabins and other fixtures of immediate necessity ; had as yet 568 History of Addison County. made but small openings in the wilderness around them, and these had to be sub- divided so as to afford grazing and fodder for their teams and a cow or two for each, so that their means for producing grain in most cases had not become very extensive, each endeavoring to produce a supply for his own wants. The year preceding had been an unfruitful one, and only a very short crop had been produced throughout this section. The people, being mostly poor, had not been upon their farms long enough to raise produce for market. There fore there was a scarcity of money also ; besides, the roads had hardly yet been made passable. Much suffering and destitution followed. Many families were entirely destitute of bread for weeks together, and destitute also of meat Their only resources were fish, which they roasted in the frying-pan without any seasoning but salt, which with the milk of a cow divided perhaps among seven or eight, constituted their living. The harvest, though unusually late, came at last, and brought a supply, so that when merry Christmas came round the people had recovered from their gloom. Military. — Although not settled until after the Revolution, the town is noted for having within its limits the celebrated Mount Independence. This place became a military station soon after the capture of Ticonderoga by Ethan Al len, May IO, 1775, and, being a very eligible situation for mUitary works, it became the headquarters of the Army of the North, and the scene of the stir ring events, the chronicles of which have gone into general history. The military road that communicated from this station with Hubbardton and Castleton probably passed on the southern side of East Creek, to a point about a mile and a half southwest of the center village in town, thence south, crossing the creek rtear the south line of the town, near the place occupied by the old Fair Haven turnpike. A large number of the early settlers in this town served more or less in the Revolutionary army ; but of these many had died previous to the passage of any law granting pensions for Revolutionary services. Those who lived to receive the gratuities of the pension laws were Lieutenant Jonas Royce, who served in three companies under lieuteuartt's commissions, receiving a pension equal to lieutenants pay ; Ephraim Blood, Daniel Buell, Peter Hall, Christo pher Miner, Seth Benson, Christopher Bunker, John Noble, Jonathan field ing, ApoUas Austin, Stephen Long, Phny Smith, Samuel Griswold, Solomon Chittenden, and Wilham Jones, all of whom are now deceased except the three last. The widows who have received pensions were Lydia Benson, Mary BueU, Hartrtah Hulburd, Elizabeth Royce, Sarah Austin, AbigaU Noble, and Esther Thomas. A majority of the inhabitants of the town beheved that the injuries and in dignities which our country had received from Great Britain were a sufficient justification of the declaration of the War of 1812, by the Urtited States against that power, artd therefore heartily sympathized in the measures of the admin- Town of Orwell. 569 istration in carrying on the war. During the first year of the war a draft from the mihtia was made, in the month of June, 18 12, in which it fell to the lot of Captain Mason Ormsbee, the commander of one of the militia companies of the town, and twelve non-commissioned officers and privates, to go into actual service when called for, in defense of the northern frontier. During the year 1 8 1 3 upwards of twenty men from this town ertlisted irtto the regular army of the Urtited States for the term of during the war. In September, 18 14, Sir George Prevost, from Canada, made a descent upon Plattsburgh with a large army, accompanied by a formidable naval force upon the lake. The rtews of the invasion, by express, reached the town of Orwell on the night of the 9th of September, about sunset. During the night measures were taken to give notice of the threaterted danger, and at sunrise on the morning of the loth about one hundred and fifty men, citizens of the town, were uuder arms and on their way to repel the invasion. These men formed themselves under the command of the officers of the two standing militia com panies of the town, and proceeded to the scene of the invasion, but arrived too late to be of very much actual service. The following list contains the names of those who went out from the town to serve in Vermont regiments during the late war : Volunteers for three years credited previous to caU for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : C. E. Abell, G. S. Benson, A. Blood, S. S. Bowen, C. F. Brartch, F. Brown, J. Bruen, P. Chamberlin, J. M. Coburn, C. C. Comafourd, J. C. Cummerford, L. Dunbar, M. Fanning, W. Fanning, M. Finnessy, T. Finnessy, J. W. Good rich, L. L. Goodrich, J. Hammel, C. A. Higgins, H. O. Higgins, J. J. Huit, G. A. Kilmer, J. La Mountain, C. C. Larabee, P. Maloney, J. W. Perkins, E. M. Raymond, I. W. Raymond, E. J. Rogers, H. C. Rogers, M. H. Skeels, F. C. Stedman, I, W. Stedman, J. Stedman, H. C. Thomas, D. Wadsworth, J. N. Woodward. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent caUs : Volunteers for three years. — J. N. Brock, J. Brock, jr, J. Carlisle, J. R. Gray, J. Hersey, L. R. Hopkins, C. Howard, R. Killmer, C. T Lester, O. D. Lyford, W. MiUer, A. J. Morton, N. A. Munger, W. T. Munger, A. Parent, F. Plue, H. Steward. Volunteers for one year — T. Denno, C. R. Lilley, M. Naylor, L. N. Wol cott. Volunteers re-enlisted. — M. Finnessy, J. Quarters, E. M. Raymond, E. C. Rogers, F. C. Stedman, J. Stedman. Enrolled men who furnished substitute. — D. C. Bascom, D. W. Clark, H. T. Cutts, J. L. Hammond, A. D. Holbrook, D. H. W. Horton, C. Sanford, P. Smith, J. H. Thomas, S. D. Wells. Not credited by name. — Three men. 570 History of Addison County. Volunteers for nine months. — C. E. Abell, E. C. Ball, J. D. Barber, D. I. Brown, S. E. Griswold, H. E. Hack, H. G. Hibbard, T. W. Lewis, J. A. Mun ger, D. Rogers, G. H. Rowley, D. E. Royce, A. W. Samson, F. Spaulding, H, Sturdevant, W. D. Walker, C. R. Winchester, J. Wolcott, N. L. Wolcott Furnished under draft — Paid commutation, L. A. Austin, H. C. Brown, C. A. Cook, M. A. Hitchcock, C. R. LiUey. Procured substitute, C. F. Persons, W. O. Ray, H. Rust, R. C. Wilcox. Early Merchants. — The first merchant in Orwell was Ruluff White, sr, who came into the town from Hoosick, N. Y., about 1788. He continued in busi ness only a few years. ApoUas Austin was the next, who opened a general store in 1792, in a buUding now used as ahorse barn by J. O. Raymond. He did an extensive business. About 1795 he took his brother, Josiah Austin, into partnership with him, the firm continuing until the death of Josiah in 18 19. ApoUas then conducted the business, a portion of the time havirtg his sons con nected with him, until 1846, thus being in busiuess longer than any other mer chant in the town. Among the principal ones of the other early merchants were John B. Catlin, Mason Ormsbee, and Walter Chipman & Co., after the latter of whom Chipman's Point received its name. As late as 1850 there were in business Catlin & Wright, Abel & Wilcox, and W. C. and James Gras- sie, the latter at the Poirtt Population Statistics. — As early as 1803 emigratiort from the town com menced, the course being principally to Northern New York, St. Lawrence county receiving many families during the following eight or nine years. About 1 8 10 the tide of emigration turned towards the West, and from that time to the present has been a constant drain on the population. Western New York, Ohio, Michigan, IlUnois, and Wisconsin receiving a large portion of the num ber. The tendency of this emigration of medium farmers, without other set tlers from abroad coming in to take their places, has been to diminish the num ber and increase the size of the farms, so that in many cases four or five orig inal farms have been amalgamated into one. The following statistics from the United States census reports show the fluctuation for each decade since 1791, when the first census was taken : 1791, 778 ; 1800, 1,376; 1810, 1,849; "820, 1,730; 1830, 1,598; 1840, 1,504; 1850, 1,470; i860, 1,341; 1870,1,192; 1880, 1,353. Present Town Officers. — The present officers of the town are Gideon Abbey, clerk ; J. W. Boynton, treasurer ; John HaU, G. A. Kimball, and I. T. Branch, selectmen ; R. W. Sholes, constable ; G. A. Kimball, superintendent ; D. B. Merwin, H. T Cutts, and B. B. Buell, listers ; D. B. Merwin, overseer ; and C. E. Bush, agent Masonic. — Independence Lodge, No. 10, F. & A, M., was organized Octo ber 9, 1815, its first list of officers being as follows: Wait Branch, W. M.; Ashur Nichols, S. W.; and Joel Barber, J. W. The masters since then have Town of Orwell. 571 been Daniel Root, Joel Barber, Ashur Nichols, George D. Davis, Benjamin Pardy, Lyman Saunders, Samuel Pardy, Roswell Bottum, jr, George D. Dowd, WiUiam C. Griswold, M. J. Clark, D. C. Bascom, C. D. AbeU, E. M. Bottum, V. V. Blackmer, H. G. Hibbard, C. E. Abell, and G. A. KimbaU. municipal. As OrweU is purely an agricultural town, Uttle can be said under this head. Orwell village is located almost precisely in the geographical center of the town, where the main roads extending north and south and east and west intersect. The early settlements made upon its site and vicinity, and the early storekeep ers, have already been mentioned. The viUage now has two churches (Roman Catholic and Congregational), a national bank, three stores, one hotel, a large carriage factory, three blacksmith shops, one harness shop, a fine school build ing, town hall, and about twenty-five or thirty dwellings. The earliest postmaster here of which we can firtd any trace was Ira Smith, about 181 5; and from that time the successive storekeepers have served as postmasters, among whom have been A. B. Catlin, Joseph M. Bishop, E. M. Wright, S. C. Bull, Dorus C. Bascom, and the present postmaster, WiUiam B. Wright. The store now occupied by WUliam B. Wright, in the general mercantile business, was built by Jeremiah Boynton, and first kept by Ira Smith. In 1845 E. M. Wright, father of WiUiam B., came here from Burlington and im mediately engaged in trade, the firm being Champlin, Fletcher & Wright About 1 847 the firm was changed to Catlin & Wright, then Wright & Gale, Wright & Wyman, Wright & Bascom, and finally, in 1867, it became E. M. Wright & Co., William B. being the partner On August 15, 1881, he be came sole owner, and has conducted the business since. Mr Wright was born in Hinesburg, Chittenden county, August 10, 18 18, and married in 1846, the year after his father came here, EUza Bottum. W. A. Johnson and J. E. WiU iams, under the firm name of Johnson & WiUiams, began the hardware busi ness here in 1883, occupying the present store of W. O. Ray. In the summer of 1885 they built their present store, which they have occupied since. W. O. Ray has been in the grocery business here since the latter part of Novem ber, 1885. He occupies the old "Wilcox store," which was buUt at a very early date by Ormsbee Brothers. Calice Bessette's carriage and wagon factory is the prominent business in terest of the town. The business was established by Eleazer Abbey, father of Gideon Abbey, in 1825, who conducted it until Mr. Bessette succeeded him, May 15, i860. Business increased rapidly with the latter and was flourishing when, December 31, 1869, the buUdings took fire and were entirely consumed, together with the stock and tools they contained, causing a loss of $10,000 over and above the insurance, which was only $1,800, The factory was soon 572 History of Addison County. rebuilt, however, and busiuess resumed, which has increased tiU Mr Bessette now employs twelve men, and does an annual business of about $20,000, in the manufacture and repair of all kinds of wagons, carriages, and sleighs. First National Bank of Orwell, located at Orwell, Addison county, was or ganized in 1863, with a capital of $50,000, which was increased in 1865 to $100,000. It succeeded to the Farmers' Bank of OrweU, which was organized in 1832, and went into liquidation in 1863. The first board of directors of First National Bank were as foUows : John L. Hammond, G. A. Austin, E. S. Catlin, Marvin North, and M. C. Rice ; cashier, H. C. Holley. John L. Ham mond was president of the bank from its organization in 1863 up to his de cease, in February, 1882. He was succeeded by Virtulon Rich, who has been president since that time. Officers elected at annual meeting in January, 1886, are as follows : Virtulon Rich, T. A. Hammond, Cyrus Jennings, WiUiam B. Wright, and C. E. Bush, directors ; V. Rich, president ; T. A. Hammond, vice-president; C. E. Bush, cashier, and J. S. Wilcox, assistant cashier. Cash ier and assistant cashier have held their positions since 1870 and 1872, respect ively. The bank has paid in dividends up to January i, 1886, $160,000, and has a surplus and undivided profit account of $1 10,000. The real estate of the bank consists of a substantial brick banking house and dwelling combined, which was rebuilt and enlarged in 1879. It is provided with a fire-proof vault and one of Diebold's largest and best burglar-proof safes, with Sargent's time- lock. The Vermont Investment and Guarantee Company, of Orwell, Vt, was or^ ganized under act 193 of the laws of 1884, to succeed to the real estate loan ing business of Hammond, Bush & Co., and makes Western farm mortgages a specialty. It has a paid-up capital of $150,000, in addition to which its stock holders are made personally liable beyond their stock for an amount equal to the par value thereof Among its stockholders are a number of prominent banking and business men of the State. At the annual election, January I, 1886, the following directors and officers were elected: Cyrus Jennings, Virtu lon Rich, T. A. Hammond, William B. Wright, George Briggs, T. M. Chap man, and C. E. Bush, directors ; Cyrus Jennings, president ; WilUam B. Wright, vice-president; C. E. Bush, treasurer, and D. L. Wells, secretary; Hon. E. J. Ormsbee, Brandon, and T. A. Hammond, and J. S. Wilcox, Or well, are trustees for holders of debentures. The hotel here was built by Jeremiah Boynton, father of the present pro prietor, in 1 8 16. He came from Pittsfield, Mass., in 1806, and built a log house about a mile and a half east of the village, on the present A. C. Young's farm, and subsequently moved about half a mile west of that location, and later to a lot opposite the present hotel. About 18 13 he sold to Dr. Baker and opened a small tavern just east of where the bank now is, where he re mained tiU he built the presi"- ': hotel, in 1816, which he kept tiU about 1852. Town of Orwell. 573 The present proprietor, Joshua W. Boyntort, born September 16, 1808, began to assist his father irt the management of the house about 1842, and has been sole proprietor since 1852, making him probably the oldest hotel proprietor in the State of Vermont. He was in the mercantile business several years pre vious to 1842. There are two other post-offices in the towrt. North Orwell and Chipman's Point The former is at the station of the Addison Branch of the Central Vermortt Railroad irt the northern part of the town, and C. D. Abell is the postmaster ; the office was not established until after the railroad was built, about ten years ago. The latter is on the lake shore, where is gathered a small hamlet of about eight dwellings, a store, and hotel. The office was established about 1830, W. Chipman being the first postmaster. The Orwell grist-mill — James F. Lillie, proprietor — which we have men tioned on a previous page, is located about a mile west of the village. It is operated by water power, has three run of stones, and does custom work. East Orwell Cheese Factory, located in the eastern part of the town, was built by a stock company in 1867, and is rtow operated by I. T. Branch. Orwell Cheese Factory, located in the western part of the town, was built by a stock company in 1866, and is now operated by W, O. Ray. The Professions. — There was no regular physician in the town until the year 1788. In the early part of that year Dr. James Benedict came into town. He was thorough-bred in his profession, and a very amiable and worthy man, as well as an active and influential member of the Congregational Church, which was about that time organized in town. He died in 1794, much la mented. Dr. Luman Pettibone, who resided where Dr Gale now lives, came into town in the year 1792. He also was a very respectable man, and accounted a skillful physician. Though not possessed of as much medical science as Dr. Benedict, he was nevertheless thought to be a good practitioner He entered into co-partnership with Thomas Scovell and Jabez Warren about the year 1795, in the mercantUe business; but they were not successful and the enter prise proved a failure. Dr. Pettibone removed to the north part of the State of New York in the year 1803. Dr. Pettibone was succeeded by Dr James Q. McFarland, who came into town about the same time that Pettibone left ; lived irt the village for a time, thert moved to where Charles Cook rtow lives. He was a skillful physician and an able surgeon. In the years 1818 and '19, he represented the town in the State Legislature. He died in 1 820. Dr. Lemuel Wicker came into town about the same time with Dr. McFar land, and settied near the lake. He was a thorough-bred physician, but never acquired an extensive practice. Dr Nathaniel Shuril succeeded Dr McFar land in 1808. He absconded from the town under cover of the night to save 37 574 History of Addison County. himself from arrest. He removed to Western New York, and has since died. He was in town eight or nine years. Dr Artemas Robbins came into town about the year 1808. He was a man of much science in his profession, and had acquired a great stock of general knowledge. After staying several years he removed to Rockingham, in this State. Dr. Ira Bascom, a graduate of Middlebury College, a profound scholar and thorough-bred physician, and a native of the town, after having practiced sev eral years in GranviUe, in the State of New York, located himself in Orwell in 1 8 19, and offered his services in his profession, but soon after was seized with a pulmonary affection, which soon incapacitated him for actual business, and to which he fell a victim in 1820. He was both a scholar and a gentleman, and died much lamented. He lived where C. Bessette now resides. Dr. Isaac Humphrey came into town from Goshen, Conn., about 1810. He continued in town nine or ten years, but did not practice much, except among his relatives. He was also a good mechanic, artd employed himself mostly at his trade. He removed to Western New York. The latter was succeeded by Dr. Joel Barber, Dr. Cushman, and Dr. Gale, who is still in practice here. Dr. Nathan Gale has been here since October 1 1, 1826. His father, Phin eas Gale, was one of the early settlers of Panton, and subsequently removed with his son Somers to Bridport, and thence, in 1 807, to Cornwall, where he died in January, 1826. Nathan was born on the old farm irt Bridport July 30, 1 80 1, studied medicine with Dr. Jonathan B. Allen, of Middlebury, attended lectures at Castleton three terms, graduating in 1825. He married Esther, daughter of James and Mary Conkey, January 8, 1828. Mrs. Gale was born February 3, 1803, and is consequently now nearly eighty-four years of age. Dr. Walter H. Vincent, the only other physician in town, was born in East Montpelier March 31, 1859, studied three years at the University of Vermont, and graduated from the University of New York March 4, 1884. He came here July 28, 1884. For members of the legal profession the town has never been a favorite location. The first attorney that came into town with a view to settle was J. C. Thompson, a native of Connecticut He came into town in 1812, but not meeting with such encouragement as satisfied him, he remained here about six months only, when he removed to Burlington, Vt, where he acquired a very respectable standing as an attorney. About three years after, Elijah Parker came into the town from Brandon, and remained three or four years, but did not succeed in obtaining much business. In 1823 James Breckenridge, an at torney, made a short stay of a few months here. During his stay he managed to get into his hands something of an amount of business for collection, with the avails of which, when collected, he absconded. He was succeeded about Town of Orwell. 575 two years after by Robert HoUy, a very worthy and respectable man. He remained about two years, possessed fair talents, and was a very good lawyer, but did not find sufficient business to induce him to stay longer. The town now has no lawyer. Public Schools. — The town was originally divided into nine school districts. As early as 1 792 every district had a school-house, where early instruction was given. It is not known that a single individual has ever been raised in Orwell from its first settlement to the present time, who has not been taught to read and write ; and if any have not received a fair, common school education it has been the result of his own stupidity, for it was among the earliest efforts of the settlers to provide and foster means for educating the rising generation. The town now has ten school districts. ecclesiastical. The first religious society organized in the First Baptist Church of Orwell, December 21, 1787. Its first pastor. Rev. Elnathan Phelps, was the settled minister in the town. Their church building, located in the eastern part of the town and built in 18 10, was sold to A. P. Cutting June 30, 1881. The Congregational Church was organized in 1789, with seven or eight members, viz. : Ebenezer Hurlburd and wife, Stephen Spaulding and wife, David Leonard, and James Benedict. The early records of the church were probably written on sheets of paper, and have been lost, so that the exact date of the organization is not known. Rev. Mr Harwood, of Pittsford, was present at the organization ceremonies. The first settled minister was Rev. Sylvanus Chapin, of Belchertown, Mass., who studied divinity with Rev. Eben Burroughs, D. D., Hanover, N. H. Mr. Chapin was ordained and installed pastor of the Congregational Church in Orwell May 30, 1791 ; dismissed May 26, 1 80 1. In 1798 there was a general revival of reUgion. From 1801 to 1808 the church was without a settled pastor, enjoying in the mean while stated supply. Rev. Mason Knapen was called to become its pastor March 22, 1808, and was instaUed on the first day of June following. There had been connected with the church at the time of his installation one hundred and eleven members. In 18 10 a revival of great power was enjoyed, and ninety persons, as the fruits of it, were added to the church. Mr Knapen was dis missed August 24, 1 8 19. Rev. Ira Ingraham was installed pastor June 14, 1820, and was dismissed at his own request October 23, 1822. A general re vival was also enjoyed in the summer of 1821. Rev. Sherman Kellogg was installed pastor March 14,1826. In 1829 another revival was enjoyed. Mr Kellogg was dismissed April 13, 1832. Rev. Seth Sacket supplied the pulpit several months in the interim which foUowed. Rev. Henry Morris was instaUed pastor October 3, 1834, and was dismissed October 4, 1841. In the winter of 1834-5 ^ revival of great interest was enjoyed. Rev. Rufus S. Cushman was 576 History of Addison County. installed pastor December 21, 1843. There were seasons of unusual religious interest in 1847 artd 1855, also a good degree of interest in 1861. Mr Cush man was dismissed May 7, 1 862, at which time seven hundred and twenty-two persons had been connected with the church, of which number one hundred and twenty-one were added during his pastorate. Rev. Lewis A. Austin was ordained and installed pastor June 25, 1862, and was dismissed August 4, 1 868. In the winter of 1 867 there was art extensive revival, and on March 3 forty-one persons united with the church. Rev. M. L. Severance commenced his pastorate January i, 1869, and was irtstalled February 27 following. Re ligious interest was manifest in the years 1870 and 1873, and again in 1877. Mr. Severance was dismissed December 28, 1880. Rev, S. F. Calhoun was installed pastor December 28, 1880. There have been connected with the church (January i, 1881) 874 persons. The church has had three houses of worship. The first, a framed structure, stood down irt frortt of the present town hall, a rude edifice with seats of slabs, widely in contrast with houses of worship at the present day. The second was built by Deacon Paul Spooner in 1804-5, and stood a little south and east of the present edifice. It was the same size as the brick church, was finished off with box pews, mostly square, gallery ex tending on three sides, and a high pulpit. The present brick edifice was built at a cost of about seven thousand dollars, and in December, 1843, was dedi cated to the Lord. St. Paul's Catholic Church of Orwell was organized by Rev. Joseph Doug- ley, the first pastor, iu i860, with forty-five members. The church building was erected the same year, a brick structure capable of accommodating 200 persons with seating room, and at a cost of $1,500, the whole property being now valued at $2,000. The society has at present forty-five members, with Rev. Father E. D. Coffey, pastor. ¦" CHAPTER XXIX. history of the town of panton. PANTON is one of the lake shore towns of Addison county, lying in the northern part, and is bounded on the north by Ferrisburgh and Ver gennes ; east by Waltham and Vergennes ; south by Addison, and west by the lake. In its natural features the surface is somewhat low aud quite level, a heavy clay soil predominating and furnishing exceUent grazing lands ; good crops of wheat, oats, rye, buckwheat, corn, and potatoes are also raised. The only streams of much importance are Otter Creek, which forms a portion of the eastern boundary of the town, and Dead Creek, a sluggish stream, bor- Town of Panton. 577 dered by low, marshy lands, which flows through the central part of the town, from south to north. Panton was chartered by New Hampshire on the 3d of November, 1761, to James Nichols and sixty-three others, who were mostiy citizens of Litch field county. Conn. These grantees supposed they were acquiring titie to 25,000 acres of land, " extending seven miles west and six miles south from the lower falls of the Great Otter Creek." 1 It was learned, however, when the first survey was made, that a tract embracing the amount of land named in the charter would extend a long distance into the lake. It is known that some effort was made by the proprietors to obtain other lands in place of those thus lost, as hereafter shown. Proprietors' Records. — The first meeting of the proprietors of which there is existing record was held at Canaan, Conn., on the 20th of July, 1762, at Lieutenant Daniel Horseford's. At this meeting Isaac Peck was chosen clerk, and Captain Josiah Dean moderator Isaac Peck, John Clothier, and Abra ham Jackson were appointed a committee to proceed to lay out the township of Panton, " in the province of New Hampshire." At a meeting held on the second Tuesday of October, of that year, it was voted that the rights of those who had not paid their rates should be sold at public vendue. On the first Tuesday of November, 1 762, it was voted that Captain Dean go as " agent to Portsmouth." Voted, also, " that each man's lot that does not join the lake may join it, deducting the same out of the next division." The following from the records of a meeting held on the 25 th of April, 1763, at Canaan, explains in part the efforts of the proprietors to recover the fuU number of acres of land demanded in their charter, to which we have alluded. We quote as follows : " Captain Josiah Dean was chosen agent to go to Portsmouth, and there make petition of the survey of s'd township of Panton, to the governor of New Hampshire, or of the proper officer for s'd re turn to be made, and, whereas there is not room between Otter Creek and Lake Champlain for s'd township of Panton, to be laid agreeable to the charter there of, by reason the Lake and Otter Creek at the northern end of s'd Township are found on a mensuration to be nearer together than were supposed to be by the Governor of New Hampshire when he granted the charter of s'd Township — Therefore the s'd Josiah Dean at s'd meeting was appointed (when 1 With reference to these boundaries the following extracts from the charter are pertinent : "Begin ning at a tree marked standing on the west side of Otter Creek, so called, near the head of the Falls in said Creek, from thence running west seven miles, then south six miles, then turning off and running east to Otter Creek afores'd, then down the creek as that runs to the bounds first above mentioned then beginning again at the end of the south line aforesaid which in the grant of the town of Weybridge is called the southwesterly corner of Panton and is the northwesterly corner of Weybridge and from thence running west to Lake Champlain, thence northerly by the shore of Lake Champlain, thence northerly by the shores of said lake to a stake and stones there standing in the side of the seven miles west line aforesaid." 578 History of Addison County. he makes return of the survey of s'd township) to lay the Premises before his Honor the Governor of New Hampshire, and make application in Behalf of the Proprietors of s'd township of Panton, for a suitable compensation in some of the ungranted lands adjoining or elsewhere if it cannot be had adjoining, and to endeavor to obtain the same for s'd Proprietors in the best manner he can on Acct of lands falling short in the place specified by charter," etc. The military exigencies of the times under consideration are shown by the following extract from the records of a meeting held October 25, 1763: " Voted, that Captain Samuel Elmore proceed to Gen'l Amherst and endeavor to obtain a Pass for any of the Proprietors of s'd township to come and go to and from s'd township as Occation shall require for the settlement thereof" It appears that during the year 1763 little was done toward the settlement of the town or by the proprietors ; but the following year was an important one, as it witnessed the first attempts toward permanent settlement At a meeting held on the second Tuesday of December, 1764, it was voted "That whereas M'ssrs. James Nichols, Griswold and Barns, David Vallance, Timothy Harris, Joseph Wood, Capt. Samuel Elmore, Wm. Patterson, Elijah ;Smith, Za dock Everest, Amos Chipman, Sam'l Chipman, &c., to the number of 15 did go the last Summer to the Township of Panton near Crown Point and did there build, clear and fence and do the duty on 1 5 rights in s'd Township pur suant to a vote of the Proprietors of s'd Township convened on the first Mon day of Aprell, 1 764, as on record, but did not finish and compleat the same. Voted that the s'd James Nichols, Griswold and Barns, &c. be aUowed till the last day of June next to finish and compleat the s'd Duty, and make the same evident to the proprietors." This conclusively fixes the date of the first steps towards permanent settie ment of the town. In April of the same year, at a meeting held in Canaan, the proprietors took action for the building of that urgent necessity to the pi oneer, the first saw-mill. The record says, "Voted, that Capt. Samuel Elmore, David Griswold, esq., and Mr Simon Smith, aU of Sharon, be a Committee to agree with Mr. Isaac Peck, Jeremiah Griswold, and Daniel Barns, jun., relative to their building a Saw-miU on the falls in Otter Creek, at the northeast corner of Panton, and empowered to dispose of a convenient privUege ; and further, the s'd Persons, (viz.) Peck, Griswold & Barns, may have liberty to lay out 1 50 acres of land adjoining to s'd mill place in a suitable form &c., reserving to s'd Proprietors convenient highways to s'd mill place. Then s'd Committee are to deliver to them one good set of sawmill Irons at Fort George as soon as they want them on the cost of the Proprietors." This saw-miU was begun that year, but not finished until the next fall, and was the same mill of which they were dispossessed by Reid, as fuUy detaUed in Judge Smith's history of Vergennes, in later pages of this work. It is probable that littie was accomplished in the way of clearing land in Town of Panton. 579 the town during 1765, but some of the acts of the proprietors may be noted: At a meeting on the first Tuesday in December it was voted " that a highway Ten rods wide be laid out in the Township of Panton north and south through the center of the Home lots or as near the centre as the land wiU admit of ac cording to the direction and best judgment of the Committee after named, to be laid out through the whole length of the town." Jedediah Ferris, Joseph Pangborn, and Peter Ferris were chosen a commit tee to lay out this broad road, and were directed to " clear a road in s'd high way one rod wide." At the same meeting it was voted that Joseph Pangborn have the right to build a grist-mill on the faUs on Otter Creek, " with the privileges for horses to pass and repass to and from the miU, provided that he build a good grist-mill and have it fit to go by the first day of May, 1767." » The following record of a vote shows that several men intended to, and probably did, come to the town early in 1 766 : On the second Tuesday in March " Timothy Harris, Joseph Pangborn, Jedediah Ferris, Zadock Everest and David Vallance were chosen a committee to Fence the whole town of Pan- ton into one common field, to do it immediately, and as soon as they get there in the spring." Referring again to the action of Colonel Reid and his associates from New York, in taking possession of the miUs, the following vote of the proprietors passed at a meeting held at the house of David Bebee in Salisbury, Conn., is of interest : " Voted, that whereas, the Proprietors of Panton were engaged and zealous to settle and make improvements on s'd township, yet they have met with many discouragements and Hindrances which have obstructed and Re tarded the Progress of settling, particularly the summer past. Gov. Moore's Proclamation, and from Col. David Wooster's obtaining a Patent from the Gov. of New York, that laps on s'd Township, and from his threatening the People, warning some off the Land, and harrassing one of them with a law suit, and also from Col. Reed's taking possession of the mill at the faUs on Otter Creek which we have built, whereby the Progress of settlement of s'd Town ship is greatly obstructed and the People terrified, therefore it is voted to choose a committee to join with the committees from other towns to prepare a petition to present to his Majesty's clemency that he wiU be pleased to confirm and ratify the original grant or charter given by Gov. Wentworth, and that he will be pleased to lengthen the time allowed in s'd charter for compleating the settlement of s'd Township to five or ten years longer, or any shorter time he shall please," etc. The committee named for this duty were Captain Samuel Elmore, Captain Charles BurreU, and Daniel Griswold. In April, 1769, owing to the fact that those to whom themiU privilege had been granted had allowed Reid to dispossess them, the proprietors voted to re sume possession of the privileges at the falls, and Samuel Elmore was appointed 58o History of Addison County. agent to "enter in their names and take possession of s'd saw-miU," etc. Be tween June 15 and July 15, 1772, Ethan AUen and his party dispossessed Reid and his agents; but the latter again took possessiort irt the following summer, only to be again routed by Allen's men in August. In the fall of 1773 the number of settlers in the town and the importance of its interests warranted the transfer of the proprietors' meetings hither, where they continued to be held for many years. In 1770 began the charter difficulties with the town of Addison, of which Judge Smith writes as follows: "These difficulties continued till an agreement was ratified, May 17, 1774, by which Addison held according to her charter: but gave 8,000 acres of the disputed territory to the Pantort proprietors 'for a reward for duties doue in settling s'd tract,' which was defined and ratified at the first meeting held after the Revolutionary War, at Pawlet. This agreement left 115 acres of Panton territory, lying on Otter Creek, near Reef Bridge, de tached from the rest of the town, and long known as 'Little Panton,' which was annexed to Weybridge in 1806." The last appointment for a meeting previous to the war was for the second Tuesday in October, 1776; but as this was the week, and possibly the very day, of the battle of Ferris's Bay, it is not strange that the meeting was not held. Of this event and other incidents connected therewith, we quote as fol lows from the sketch furnished the Vermont Historical Magazine, by Judge Smith: "Events had by this time occurred within the immediate neighbor hood, that convinced them [the inhabitants of Panton] that they could not re main inactive spectators of the struggle in their exposed locality. The year before Ethan Allen had sent Captain Douglass, of Jericho, to Panton, to con sult his brother-in-law, and procure boats to assist in carrying his men across the lake to attack Ticonderoga; and among the reinforcements sent to Canada under General Thomas, after the death of the lamented Montgomery and so many of his brave companions, was Edmund Grandey, the father of the late Judge Grandey and brother of Elijah Grandey, then living in Panton, who passed down the lake on snow-shoes in the winter. Nathan Spalding also en listed, and left home January 20, 1776, aud died at Quebec the May following, of the small-pox, while being carried in a cart when the army retreated in such haste. And now, in October, Arnold having command of the first American fleet on Lake Champlain, consisting, some say of nine, and others of fifteen vessels, of different sizes, manned by 395 men, was attacked by a British naval force under Captain Pringle, greatly superior in numbers and equipments. After four hours' hard fighting at Valcour Island, in which one of Arnold's vessels was burned and another sunk, the British retired from the attack. Arnold endeavored to escape in the night with his vessels to Crown Point, but was overtaken October 1 1 near Ferris's Bay, in Panton, and the battle was renewed and kept up for two hours, six of Arnold's vessels being engaged, Town of Panton. 581 those foremost in the flight having escaped to Ticonderoga. The Washington galley under General Waterbury, owing to her crippled condition, was obliged to surrender, and, in order to prevent the rest of his men and vessels from fall ing into the hands of the enemy, Arnold ran ashore and blew up or sank his fleet. We have the statement of 'Squire Ferris as first published by Mr Tuck er, that Lieutenant Goldsmith was lying wounded on deck, and blown into the air at the explosion, Arnold's order for his removal not having been executed, much to his sorrow and indignation. This affair gave Arnold's name to the bay where it occurred. Of the five vessels sunk, three are known to have been raised, and two of them may still be seen in low water, lying where they sank eighty-three years ago, and have often been visited for the purpose of fishing up the balls and other articles which may be seen in clear water. One brass cannon was taken out mauy years since by Ferris, and fired in the militia gath erings after the war, and is said to have been used at the battle of Plattsburgh. It is not known whether the British pursued Arnold on land, but ' several shots fired by them at his men struck the house of Peter Ferris, near the shore where they landed. Ferris and his famUy, and probably some others in the town, went with Arnold to Ticonderoga, but soon after returned.' " From this time the inhabitants were frequently visited by straggUng bands of Indians and Tories, who plundered them of any movable property desirable in their eyes, and after Burgoyne came up the lake, in June, 1777, these robberies were more frequent. Some few of the families again left, and it is thought by some this was the time of the general fight; but we have good evidence that the Holcomb, Spalding, and Grandey families were not burned out till the next year. Some of the men were taken prisoners in 'yy. It is supposed that October of this year was the time when Phineas Spalding and eleven others of Panton and Addison were taken and kept awhile on board a vessel in the vicinity. Spalding was employed to dress the animals brought on board for food, until an opportunity occurred to him to jump into a small boat lying aside the vessel, when he paddled for shore, but before he reached it was observed and ordered to return. Knowing they would fire upon him, and thinking his body too large a mark to escape, he jumped into the water and swam safely to shore amid the bullets of the British. On the evacuation of Crown Point, about one week later, the other prisoners were released. ' In the fall of 1778 a large British force came up the lake in several vessels and thoroughly scoured the country on both sides,' and every house in Panton was burnt but one. Timothy Spalding's house escaped for some reason not known, although the enemy came to the front while he was escaping at the back. The house of Elijah Graudey was visited before his wife left She was then but nineteen years of age, but had become accustomed to the visits of the Indians for plunder. After witnessirtg the buruirtg of her house and furniture, she carried her sou Edmuud, two years old, to the bateaux at MerriU's Bay, where 582 History of Addison County. the women of the vicinity assembled. Her husband was taken prisoner with others and carried on board a vessel, but was released by the officer command ing to go in company with Thomas Hinkley, of Westport, to take the women and children to Skeensboro. Five of the Holcomb family, two Spaldings, and two Ferrises were taken prisoners about the same time, and the town remained deserted till after the close of hostilities, when those of the settlers who were still Uving gradually returned, rebuilt their houses, and agairt commenced the cultivation of their long-neglected farms." After the war a number of unsuccessful attempts were made to unite a portion of Panton and the town of Ferrisburgh into one township. Thus, in May, 1784, we find it recorded that a meeting proceeded to the following action : " Mr. Peter Ferris git a remonstrance for to see who will sign to unite with Ferrisburgh, (viz.) the Inhabitants on the southwest side of Otter Creek and the inhabitants of Panton." And again in September, 1785, "That we will and do by a great majority of votes that we will petition with Ferrisburgh to the legislature body of this State to frame the township of Panton and the land that belongs to Ferrisburgh on the west of Otter creek into one town ship." These efforts at a union of the territory named continued at intervals until some forty years ago. Town Meetings and Records. — On the 30th of March, 1784, the first public town meeting was held in Panton and the following officers chosen : Benjamin Holcomb, moderator ; Elijah Grandey, town clerk ; Noah Ferris, Benjamin Holcomb, Henry Spalding, selectmen ; Benjamin Holcomb, treasurer ; Asa Strong, constable ; Elijah Grandey, Henry Spalding, Noah Ferris, listers ; Asa Strong, collector of town taxes ; Noah Ferris, leather sealer ; Timothy Spald ing, Noah Ferris, grand jurors. At this meeting it was voted that a pound be " built near the house of Henry Spalding, in Panton, and he be poundkeeper." The foUowing quaint vote was passed : " Voted no howning of deer shall be permitted or allowed in this town and all dogs that run at large and are not restrained shall and may be a free mark for any whome he offends, this act voated in the affirmative." In 1785 Zadock Everest and John Strong, living in Addison, were ap pointed a committee to look after the interests of Panton in the Legislature, and the next year Peter Ferris was chosen their representative. Upon the question of allowing a portion of the town to be taken oft to form the city of Vergennes, the inhabitants took a decided though ineffectual stand on the negative side; for we find a vote recorded in January, i787> that they " are not willing to have no part of the town taken off for a City at the N. E. corrter of said town." "In the summer of 1788," says Judge Smith, "the wheat crop was so much injured by rains that before the next harvest there was a great scarcity of breadstuffs and considerable suffering. A few barrels of flour brought into Town of Panton. 583 Woodford Bay gave some relief, although no one could obtain more than ten pounds at one time because of the necessity of a general distribution. In 1793 a destructive fire swept across the town in the woods between the Ledge and Dead Creek, and in 18 16 a large tract was burnt over on the east side of Dead Creek. " Previous to 1804 there was no bridge in the town over Dead Creek, and the summer travel was either by a ferry across Otter Creek, at the mouth of Dead Creek, or by a road in Addison. In 1804 the south bridge was com pleted; the north, in 1805; the turnpike finished, and toU-gates erected in 1818, and became a free road in 1840." Early Settlers. — Peter Ferris was one of the prominent early settlers of the town and lived on Arnold Bay; he was of the family from whom the town of Ferrisburgh took its name. He was born in 1722, and had married the second time before coming to Panton. Leaving his first family of children in Dutchess county, he came here with his wife and two sons. Squire and James, about the year 1766. It is believed that his family was the first in the present limits of this town. His third son, Darius, is supposed to have been the first child born in the town. On this point Judge Smith says that " the statement of Deming, that Lois Farr was born here in 1764 is not accepted, because there is no evidence that there was a family in the town at that time." Mr. Ferris's wife died in Panton before the Revolution, and was the first white adult person buried in the town. He died in 181 5 at the age of ninety- three. Squire Ferris died at Vergennes in 1849, aged seventy-seven years. The Grandey family have been a conspicuous one, and are thus written of by Judge Smith: "Elijah Grandey ' (great-uncle of George W. Grandey, of Vergennes), born March 14, 1748, in Canaan, Conn., came to Panton about the year 1773; commenced a clearing and built a log house where Isaac Spald ing now lives; was married February 23, 1775, to Salome Smith, of Bridport, then sixteen years of age ; (they were obliged to go to Ticonderoga to find an officer competent to perform the ceremony). Lived o'n his farm till the war ; was taken prisoner, and released to take care of the women and children ; went to Canaan, and left his wife and child at his brother Edmond's ; returned to Vermont, where he frequently acted as scout and guide ; and, after the close of hostilities returned to his farm, where he died at 18 10. He, as well as his brother Edmond, appears to have possessed advantages of education superior to most of the early settlers ; was for many years proprietors' clerk, and first town clerk. His son Edmond, born in 1776, died in Panton in 1849. Elijah, born in 1782, is stiU living. Edmond Grandey was a soldier of the Revolu tion ; was at the siege of Quebec in 1776, and with the army in their retreat in May. In 1788 he came with his family to Panton, where he resided tiU his •death in 1826. He was several times chosen to represent the town, and held other offices. Of his four sons, Jesse and Elijah, who settled near their father. 584 History of Addison County. left large families, mostly settled in this vicinity. Jesse Grandey was born in 1778, and died in 1846, having lortg enjoyed the confidence and esteem of his townsmen. He was often called to the more important town offices, and in 1832 appointed judge of probate." Phineas Spalding, whose name often appears in the records of the town, was born at Plainfield, Conn., in 1720, and came here from Cornwall with a large family of children by way of Fort Edward and Lake George in 1767, stopping in what he supposed was Panton, of which he was one of the original proprietors. He remained on what has been known as the Swift farm, in the town of Addison, until November 5, 1778, when his house and goods were burned and two of his sons taken prisoners. He escaped to Rutiand and died there not long after. Phineas Spalding, jr., born in 1749, married for his second wife Sarah, daughter of Phineas Holcomb. He was driven from his farm and went to Rutland, where he enlisted for six months. In the spring of 1779 he went to Canaan, returning late in 1785 ; was taken prisoner, as before stated, and died in Panton in 1825, at the age of seventy-six. His children by a third wife, Isaac and John, also lived in the town. Philip and George were captured on their father's farm on the 5th of November, 1778, and carried to Canada with other prisoners. They effected their escape, and Philip, with some others, wandered in the woods twenty-one days, when they reached the Connecticut River. PhUip enlisted after his return and served through the war ; then mar ried and moved on the farm where his son Hiram afterward lived. George was retaken and put in irons ; afterward offered his liberty if he would first go one trip in a vessel to Great Britain. Stopping at a port in Ireland, he went ashore and was taken by a press-gang. Nothing further is known of him. Timothy Spalding lived on the place now occupied by Burton Kent, in the west part of the town on the lake road. His son Henry also occupied that place an,d kept a public house. The Holcomb family was prominent in the early history of the town. Of its settlement Judge Smith wrote : " Phineas Holcomb came from Dutchess county, in the spring of 1774, with a large family, and settled on land now owned by Edrick Adams, esq. On the morning of November 5, 1778, his son Joseph, then sixteen years old, was cutting fire-wood under an elm tree now standing, at the door of his brother-in-law, Spalding, who was away from home at the time. Being intent upon his work, he saw nothing of his danger till an Indian stepped up from behind, and a number more surrounded hirh. They took him off to a vessel on the lake, with his father, and three brothers who lived a short distance from Spalding's, and who were taken by the same party, and their houses burned. They were taken to Quebec, and endured great pri vation and suffering, which resulted in the death of the two oldest brothers, Joshua and Samuel, in the prison, in the summer of 1781, and of the father, in September of the same year The two younger boys, Joseph and Elisha, Town of Panton. 585 allowed more liberty, and treated with less severity (being permitted to aid in the care of the sick prisoners), escaped the disease and death which was the sad fate of so many of their companions in misery, and were exchanged after three years and eight months' imprisonment. Joseph died at Panton, January 20, 1833, in his seventy-first year Elisha moved to Elizabethtown in 1813, where he died." Lieutenant Benjamin Holcomb lived in the west part of the town, as did the others of that name — Bertjamin on the place now occupied by Aarort Curler. He was an officer in the Revolutionary War and a man of much native abUity; lived in Panton from 1783 to 1790, when he moved to Elizabethtown, N. J., and died there. In the spring of 1787 Abner Holcomb, nephew of Benjamin, came to Panton and located in a house near where Aaron Curler lives, and in 1 802 removed to Westport his children going with him, with the exception of Abner G. Michael Hays came at the same time with his family, bringing the women and children of both fam.ilies, with his horses and sleigh. Asa Strong, son of John Strong, of Addison, came to Panton in 1783, lo cating in the part now included in Vergennes. He owned and managed the saw- mill on the west side at the fall. He was postmaster at Vergennes from 1795 to 1799, and a man of character and ability. William Shepherd moved from Simsbury, Conn., with six children in 1785, having purchased two fifty-acre lots for one hundred pounds. He died in 1802, at the age of seventy. He lived a mile south of the meeting-house, and later on the Joseph Tappen place. He had three sons — WilUam, jr., Samuel, and Abel. All of them were men of prominence in the town and represented it in the Legislature at different periods. WiUiam died in Panton in 1836, aged seventy-seven. Abel removed to Ohio. Samuel was married to Rachel Gran dey in 1790, and soon afterward built a small house near the later site of the larger one ; the latter was built in 18 15. After holding many town offices, in cluding representative, he was appointed in 18 12 one of the assistant judges of the County Court. Jared Payne lived in the east part of the town, and Amasa about a mile from him ; the latter afterward removed to Connecticut, where he was killed by the blowing down of his dwelling. Reuben Bristol lived one and a half miles south of Vergennes on lands stUl occupied by descendants of the family. Benjamin Pangborn settled in the west part of the town, and was a blacksmith ; he was rtdted for his great strength. He left many descendants, but none of them now resides in town. Elkanah Brush lived near the falls in Panton, but became identified with Vergennes after the separation. Ephraim Curtis, father of Charles and Bradford Curtis, lived on a farm in the extreme northwest cor ner of Panton. Charles Curtis married a Pangborn and reared a large family, and his son, Charies E., lives now in Vergennes. Amasa Payne lived in the east part of the town, on the banks of Otter Creek, on the farm long owned by 586 History of Addison County. PhUo Bristol. John Reynolds, jr, father of twenty-four children, Uved nearly a mile south of the meeting-house, on the place now owned by Charles TuU. Gideon Spencer lived in that part of the towrt set off to Vergennes, and his de scendants were prominent in Panton for many years ; they at one time owned all of the water power at the falls on the west side of the creek, and made a perpetual lease of it, which is stiU in force. In 1788 or '89 he kept a hotel near the creek on the west side. Beebe Pangborn was a brother of Benjamin and lived in that part set off to Vergennes ; he was a mechanic. Such are the meager details now accessible of the settlements of those who bore a prominent part in laying the foundations of the town ; but we are ena bled, through the memories of Judge Smith, George W. Grandey, and a few others, to extend these notes of the leading men of the town to a later date. Coming down to a date of fifty years ago we learn the following of the then residents of the town : Charles Curtis, who has been mentioned, stiU Uved in the northwest corner of the town. South of him, on the Lake street, was Friend Adams, on Arnold's Bay, and the ferry from there to Westport has al ways been known as Adams's Ferry. He owned the ferry, wharf, storehouse, store, a large farm, ferry boats, and kept a hotel ; was one of the largest land- holders in that vicinity. He had a large family, and one son, Charles, now hves in Vergennes. Other sons, Hiram and Harry, were prominent in Ver gennes, but are now deceased. Friend Adams died about the year 1839, leav ing a large property. A little east of Adams lived Darius Ferris, a son of Peter, the early settler Next south on the Lake street was RosweU D. Hopkins, a son of Roswell Hopkins (see history of Vergennes) who lived in Vergennes. Roswell D. was a farmer and left a large family. His son, Dr WiUiam F. Hop kins, now practices in Vergennes. Next south of him was SUas Tappen, a re spectable farmer, a frequent office-holder, and popular man. One of his daugh ters is the mother of the present Carlton T, Charles O., and Herrick Stevens, of Vergennes. Another daughter married Cyrus Smith, who now hves, at the age of ninety years, in Panton. One daughter married James Ten Broeke, who lived on the place next south of Silas Tappen's. James Ten Broeke taught school and had the reputation of being successful in that calling. In later life he became a Baptist preacher His son, the present town clerk of Panton, hves on the place the father occupied. At an earlier date than that under consid eration a store and potashery stood nearly opposite Mr Ten Broeke's. Next south of the Ten Broeke place lived Horatio N. White, for many years a prom inent lake captain, and still living as one of the oldest residents of the town. A little south and east of Ten Broeke's was the farm and blacksmith shop of Thomas Stagg, and still farther south was the Spalding farm, then occupied by Hiram Spalding, and now by his descendants. The next place south was then occupied by Nathan Spalding, and now by Burton Kent. Josiah Stagg lived on the farm next south, which is now occupied by WiUiam Conant. Then came Town of Panton. 587 Isaac Spalding's place, which passed to Isaac Somers Spalding, and is now oc cupied by his family. Beginning at the south end of the middle north and south street lived Judge Jesse Grandey, father of General George W. Grandey, of Vergennes, and Truman Grandey, deceased. Jesse Grandey was irt early life a carpenter and surveyor, and held many pubhc offices. North of him lived his son, Truman Grandey. Next north lived Jason Cole, school-teacher, farmer, and owner of a limekiln ; the place is now occupied by Jacob Spalding. The farm next north (originaUy Abel Shepherd's) was occupied by Chilion Wines, who was followed by Henry Gardner, Clark Conant, and Jacob Tappen ; William E. White is the present occupant North of that place was the farm of John Spalding, now occupied by Elisha Doten. The next farm north was that of Judge Samuel Shepherd, at that time one of the most prominent men of the town, and one of the side judges of the county. He held the office of justice of the peace many years and represented the town. Next north lived Wareham Brown, on the place now occupied by Cyrus Bowers. Ensign TuU lived on the next farm, which was formerly occupied by John Reynolds, jr., as before stated ; the place is now occupied by Charles TuU. Next north then lived the widow of Dr. Ste phen Rusco, who died more than fifty years ago. He practiced medicine in this section as many as forty years. His grandson, Andrew Rusco, now occu pies the place. The next farm to the north is the one then owned by Enoch Kent, whose son. Loyal Kent, now lives there. Silas Pond, son of the early settler of the same name, lived next ; he was a man of considerable prominence and held numerous offices. On the next place, now occupied by Silas Hoyt, then lived Putnam Bishop, and next to him Primas Storms, a colored man who had been a slave in New York ; his former master was an aid to General Wash ington. A grandson of Storms, named Eugene Storms, now occupies the farm. The master was General Storms and gave his servant the farm. On the place now occupied by Dr. Norman Towsley then lived Calvin Hyde, and next to him Jonathan Gaines, grandfather of S. S. Gaines, now proprietor of the Ste vens House, in Vergennes. The place is now occupied by Hopkins Gaines, a brother of S. S. They are sons of B. F. Gaines. The next farm north was that of Benjamin Curler, now occupied by his son-in-law, Henry Allen. On the next place, the last one within the town, on that street, lived Phineas Hol comb, who was a corporal in the War of 18 12. On the turnpike, as it was then called — a road built by General Strong — in the first house east of Dead Creek hved Uriah Chapin, who married a daugh ter of Enoch Kent. Chapin held several offices. Nearly opposite his house was that of Abner G. Holcomb, a grandson of Benjamin Holcomb ; he was a man of positive opinions and gerterally respected ; held the office of justice of the peace. He kept a hotel for a time and reared a large family. One son, Girard Holcomb, now lives in Panton. Next on the east was the farm of An- 588 History of Addison County. thorty Barton, remembered as keeper of the toll-gate and proprietor of " Bar- tonville," who expressed a desire to return fifty years after his death to see his city, then comprising half a dozen log huts. The next farm on the east was that of William H. Smith, who had been a merchant and manufacturer of West Haven, Vt, and came to Panton in 1821 ; he died in 1843. He had one son and four daughters, of whom only the sort is now living — Judge John D. Smith, of Vergennes — and one daughter, Mrs. Morgan, of Vergennes. No others then lived on that road. On the road from Vergennes to Addison meeting-house, in the east part of the town, the first farm in the town of Panton, going southward, was that of Alexander Brush, a man of excellent qualities. Of his two children one mar ried a Mr. Knowles, of Potsdam, N. Y., and the other is the widow of WUliam Kingsland, of Vergennes. Next south lived Moses Bristol, who built the brick house in 1827 where his son Norman now lives. Noah Bristol, brother of Moses, lived next south, where his son, Russell D., now lives. Next south was the Jon athan Spencer farm, then occupied by his son George. That farm included the present farms of N. Richards and Mr. Holland. At the corner next south was a tannery owned by the Spencer family, and next to that and also on the cor ner was the tavern of Isaac Havens. Next south was the farm of Johnson Walker, who was succeeded by his son George ; the place is now occupied by Cassius Warner. The next place was where Solomon Adam lived, and has become somewhat noted in recent years as the site of the Elgin Spring House, a popular summer resort. The medicinal spring and the farm are now owned by Frederick Sears. Dr. Marsh C. Smith lived on the next place, now owned by Ichabod Sherman. Near the southeast corner of Panton lived Norman Munson, a man of considerable note as a farmer and captain of mUitia ; Cory don Harris now owns the farm. On the farm then recently occupied by Am asa Payne was Ethan Hitchcock, the place recently occupied by the Misses Rugg. There were other transitory residents, but these notes include about aU of the permanent dwellers in the town at that date, and give the reader a clear idea of the condition of the community, as far as the inhabitants were con cerned at that time. The first school-house in Panton was built of logs and covered with bark, in the fall of 1786. It is not certain who was the first teacher, but Thomas Judd taught two winters about that time ; he lived in the neighborhood of WUliam Ten Broeke's present residence. Not long afterward Dr. Post taught several seasons. The first framed school-house was built in 1791 and was used until recent years, latterly for a barn. In later years the town has comprised four school districts, and excellent schools have been provided. When the War of the Rebellion called to the test the patriotism of the people, no town responded more readily to the demands of the national gov ernment for troops than did Panton. Below is a list of the names of those who ertlisted in Vermont bodies of troops : Town of Panton. 589 Volunteers for three years credited previous to caU for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : F. Bombard, J. G. Converse, W. Cross, J. Daniels, M. Daniels, J. H. Gan- deU, T. G. Gardner, I. Hatch, H. Matthews, H. Matthews, L. P. Matthews, C. Minor, A. Perry, H. Perry, J. P. Perry, L. Raymond, C. R. Shambo, J. Spald ing, G. A. White. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls : Volunteers for three years. — R. H. Barnes, W. Clarke, J. R. Converse, N. Laplant, J. H. Larock, R, Ryan, S. S. Tucker Volunteers for one year — S. F. Ellison, I. W. Everett 2d, C. W. Holcomb, G. A. Wood. Volunteers for nine months. — S. T. Allen, E. E. Beach, J. R. Converse, G. Holcomb, H. Pecue, W. D. Talbot Furnished under draft. — Paid commutation, B. Allen, J. Spencer Pro cured substitute, H. F. Gaines, M. D. Lee, W. E. White. ecclesiastical. The inhabitants of Pantort had scarcely returued after the Revolutionary War, when they turned their attention to the subject of religious worship. Meetings for prayer were held at private houses, and in 1 794 a Baptist Church was organized with ten members, one of whom occasionally preached to them until 1799, when Elder Henry Chamberlain was ordained their first pastor. In 1 8 10 the first meeting-house was finished, which in 1854 gave place to a new one, which is still in use. The present pastor is Rev. A. Davis. The First Methodist Church of Panton was organized on the 29th of March, 1839, by Rev. Merritt Bates, with twenty-one members ; Rev. Richard Brown was the first pastor. The church in use by the Methodists was built in 1857, and the membership is about fifty. Rev. P. S. Mott is the pastor Like many other Vermont towns, Panton has been populated largely by an agricultural class, and is at the present day. In years gone by, when Lake Champlain was the highway of an important commerce, considerable traffic was carried on at Arnold's Bay; but with the advent of railroads Vergennes became the trading point of the inhabitants, and very little business of any kind is carried on in town. The following figures show the population of the town at the different dates given: 1791,220; 1800,363; 1810,529; 1820,548; 1830,605; 1840,670; 1850, 559; i860, 561; 1870, 390; 1880, 419. The present officers of the town are as follows: Moderator, C. S. Harris ; town clerk, Wm. H. Ten Broeke (twenty-fourth cousecutive year); selectmen, Edrick Adams, Joseph Carter, E. J. Bristol; treasurer, Frederick E. Sears; constable and collector, Charles Jackson; listers, Emerson Holland, Loyal 38 590 History of Addison County. Kent, Wm. H. Ten Broeke; auditors, E. S. Bristol, J. L. Grandey, Wm. E. White; superintendent of schools, Frederick E. Sears; fence viewers, J. Car ter, J. L. Grandey, Minor Mitchell; agent, E. HoUand. Miss Clara Trask is postmistress at the little hamlet of Panton. There is but one physician at present in the town — Dr Norman Towsley. He was born in Rupert, Vt, August 15, 1815; educated at Castleton Medical College, and admitted to practice in October, 1 843 ; practiced first in Lincoln, Addison county, Vt; came to Panton in 1846. CHAPTER XXX. history of THB TOWN OF RIPTON. RIPTON, situated in the southeastern part of the county, is bounded on the north by Lincoln ; on the east by Granville and Hancock; on the south by Hancock and Goshen, and west by Middlebury and Salisbury. The sur face of the town is mountainous in the extreme, the eastern part including some of the loftiest peaks of the Green Mountains, while the western line is stretched upon a spur of this range. The soU for the most part is too rough for cultivation, although to the west and north there is a tract of moderately level land and well-drained soil, on which are a number of exceUent farms. The soil of this tract is largely a sandy loam, with occasional intervales of allu vial earth along the streams. Wheat, oats, rye, buckwheat, Indian corn, pota toes, and hay are the principal products. The inhabitants being denied, for the most part the labors and the fruits of husbandry, turn their attention to that industry which nature most encourages in Ripton, viz., lumbering. Vast forests of hemlock, beech, maple, birch, spruce, balsam, basswood, and ash, with a few pine, mantie the mountains and overshadow the gorges and valleys of Ripton. Middlebury River, with its numerous tributaries, furnishes an outlet to the melting snows of spring and the heavy rainfalls of summer This stream cannot be said to have a valley in Ripton. It rises in Hancock and flows a due westeriy course to the Otter Creek in Middlebury, forcing its way through deep gorges and plunging tumultuously over gigantic bowlders. A branch of the New Haven River has its source in the northern part of the town and flows north into Lincoln. The town was chartered by the State on the 13th of AprU, 1 781, by the name of Riptown, to Abel Thompson and fifty-nine associates. From the name Riptown to Ripton was naturally but a few steps in graduation. According to the charter the township originally contained an area of 24,000 acres, but this has been increased by annexation. In 1820, 6,200 acres were taken from Town of Ripton. 591 Goshen and added to Ripton, and four years later 1,940 acres were anrtexed from Middlebury. On the 29th of October, 1829, another small piece was added from Middlebury, and again, November i, 1832, 900 acres were added from Salisbury. Ripton has now, therefore, an area of 33,000 acres. Early Settlements. — For a period of twenty years after the granting of the charter the town was uninhabited by man. As late as 1 800, when the town of Middlebury had 1,263 inhabitants, Lincoln ninety-seven, Salisbury forty- four, Goshen four, Granville 185, and Hancock 149, Ripton had not been visited by the smoke of a single cabin. The proprietors, or their grantees, in despair of settling the territory without resort to some coup d'etat, countenanced the rumor that the first child born within the charter limits of the town would be entitled to a right of land, whereupon Ebenezer Collar, who knew what he was about, cut his way to the site now occupied by Oscar Hurlburt, erected a temporary shelter, where on the i ith of November, 1801, he became the father of a girl, whom he called Fanny. She afterwards became the wife of Amasa Piper, and is still residing in town. She has never received her right of land. About 1802, Asa, father to Ebenezer Collar, came to Ripton, and settled near his son, at the Four Corners, on the place now owned by S. Cortez Gibbs. About the year 1803 Thomas Fuller settled in that part of Goshen which was afterward annexed to Ripton. Among the other settlers who may be mentioned as early (i. e., who were here some time before the town was organized in 1828) were Luman Cogs well, who located on the place now owned by Amherst Noble; WilUam EUis, where Philander Green and George Dow now Uve ; Jonathan Brown, who was art' early settler on the farm now owned by Peter Murray; Elijah Brown, his brother, who lived just west of him; John Brown, who located on the place now owned by his nephew, George R. Brown, and Abraham Fulsom, who was the first settler on the place now occupied by George L. Young. Fulsom was fond of hunting and used often to track deer in company with Benjamin Hale and sons. Parsons Billings located at an early day on the farm now occupied by S. B. Howard. WiUard Alden lived in the east part of the town, where Josiah Emery now owns. Noah Bailey settied first on the North Branch, on the farm now occupied by George J. Hodges. Orin Bailey was his brother Mar shall Miller lived quite early on the farm now occupied by George Russell. Benjamin Hale came to Ripton from CornwaU (originally from Orwell) about 1 8 10, and settied on the place now occupied by Peter Murray, and owned by Sidney G. Tisdale. Daniel Hale, his son, who lives in town now, was born on December 22, 1 827. On the 20th of November, 1 872, he married Jane, daugh ter of Samuel Hendrick. Nathaniel McQuivey was the first settler on the farm now owned and occupied by his son Nathaniel. The other early settlers, with their places of settlement, may be mentioned as follows: Orin Bailey lived on the place which Joseph Gee now owns. 592 History of Addison County. Thomas Fuller, jr., located on the farm on the turnpike, now occupied by John Hodges. His father, before mentiorted, lived with him. WiUiam Arnold was an early settler on the place, now unoccupied, owned by Orin Danforth. He and his son, WilUam, jr., were blacksmiths. Schuyler Tuexbury,i brother- in-law of David Hale, settled on the place now occupied by Duane P. Mills. Silas McWain located on the turnpike, near the McQuivey place. Daniel Chipman came to Ripton from Middlebury in 1828, and buUt the two-storied framed house now occupied by Mrs. Catharine Fisher and Henry B. Ripley. He was born in Salisbury, Conn., October 22, 1765, and was the son of Sam uel and Hannah Chipman. A sketch of Mr. Chipman's Ufe has been given in earlier pages. James Miles settled on the farm now owned and occupied by Herman C. Damon. Samuel Cobb located on the farm now occupied by David Hale. Samuel Damon, father and son, lived on the farm now occupied by George T. Fisher Paul Pratt was an early settler near the Four Corners. Lewis Huntley settled on the place now occupied by Abel G. Chandler, near the Four Corners. Benjamin Durfee was an early settler and located on the place where Josiah S. Chandler now lives, on the North Branch. Calvin Pier located on the farm now owned by Amherst Noble. Lucius Abbey hved on the land now owned by Charles E. Gee. David C. Sherman, father to WiUie Sherman, was born in Warren, Vt., in 18 16. His father, Reuel Sherman, was a soldier of the Revolution. David C. Sherman came to this town in 1845. Samuel H., son of Jabez Hendrick, who was one of the early settlers of New Haven and Middlebury, came to Ripton in 1838, and in 1843 was elected first town representative. He served also in 1846 and '47, and is one of the most prominent men in town. Sylvester Fisher, born in Bethel on June 25, 181 1, came to Ripton at the age of twenty-orte years. He lived here at intervals only, until 185 i, when he became a permanent resident, locating on the Chip- man homestead, where his widow now resides. Town Organization. — Settlemertt, however, increased so slowly that in 1825 there were only eighteen families in town, and there was no effort at organiza tion until the first Monday in March, 1828, when the voters assembled at the house of Calvin Pier. The wisdom of electing officers and organizing the town was even then questioned by a number of the inhabitants. The question be ing determined in the affirmative, the meeting proceeded to elect officers as follows : Daniel Chipman, moderator ; Calvin Pier, town clerk ; Lucius Abbey, Ethan Owen, Nathaniel McQuivey, selectmen; Daniel Chipman, treasurer; Jonathan Brown, Ethan Owen, Samuel Beebe, listers ; William Arnold, first constable; Daniel Chipman, grand juror; Jonathan Brown, Lewis Huntley, William Hunter, Benjamin Hale, surveyors of highways; James Miles, "tid- ingman " ; John Maganety, " hog howard." It was not long after this that industries of various kinds were built up and 1 We follow the' spelling in the records. Town of Ripton. 593 Ripton became a town of considerable manufacturing importance. In 1830-31 George C. and Horace Loomis built a tannery, which in 1835 they sold to Thomas Atwood. Amos A. and Charles E. Atwood afterward operated this tannery for a number of years. Charles E. Atwood was the proprietor when the building was destroyed by fire in 1852 or '53. Norman Lewis and son soon after erected a saw-mill on the site. From 1830 to '40 there were as many as twelve saw-mills in town. Daniel Chipman, about 1835, built a saw-miU on the site now covered by the miU of George A. Baker He also erected a grist-mill a trifle before 1835, which is now occupied by Winfield S. Huntley as a butter-tub factory. Hiram Champlin built a saw-miU near the present dwelling house of Dr. Powers. This impetus in the saw-miU business was caused by the high price of lumber. In 1859 the price had depreciated and the old mills were allowed to decay, though circular saw-mills were afterward erected in their stead. In 1859, too, as we learn from the interestirtg sketch of Ripton contributed by Samuel Damon to the Vermont Historical Magazine, two large coal-kilns were erected for the purpose of supplying the iron forge at East Middlebury. The first framed house in town was a tavern. Abraham Lackey kept tav ern very nearly on the turnpike, in the house now owned by Albert Whitcomb and occupied by John Pierce. The next tavern stood on the site of George A. Baker's store, and was built by Ethan Owen when the town was young. Benjamin Hale, jr., bought it years ago and ran it whUe in company with. his brother Joseph. Seaver Fletcher, Elias Matteson and his son, Elias H. Mat teson, also managed the business, the last named having charge when the building, then called the Green Mountain House, was destroyed by fire in May, 1877. Post-offices. — The first postmaster at the " Hollow " was Daniel Chipman. His successors in office have been Frederick Smith, Seaver Fletcher, Samuel Damon, jr., Herman C. Damon, and the present incumbent, George A. Baker, who received his commission four or five years ago. A post-office was estab lished at Bread Loaf Inn six or eight years ago, with Joseph BatteU in office. His deputy, John Houstin, manages the office. Stores. — The store now owned and conducted by George A. Baker was built by him in the summer of 1879. He carries a large and varied assortment of goods, and does an extensive and profitable business. C. S. Albee opened his general store in the early winter of 1884-5. Before that he operated the saw-miU in which he has been succeeded by W. S. Huntley. Present Mills. — We have already seen that the oldest mill site in town is that now occupied by the mill of George A. Baker The present mUl was buUt there in 1868 by E. D. Sheldon. Mr Baker owns one- third of this privUege and aU the machinery and the building, and has had a controlling interest in the business for a number of years. The mill has a capacity of cutting 4,000 594 History of Addison County. feet of lumber, 5,000 feet of clapboards, and 10,000 -shingles a day. It is one of the finest mills in the county. The site of the extensive mill of W. S. Huntley is the old grist- mill site of Daniel Chipman. The present mill was built about the year 1873 by S. F. Matteson, who after running it for a time gave place to C. S. Albee. In the fall of 1884 he sold it to the present pro prietor. W. S. Huntley also owns and operates a large tub factory, which was buUt by George A. Baker in 1878. The saw-miU and shingle-mill now oper ated by Daniel C. Benton was built by PerUn Padie in 1864. Willie Sher man's shingle-mill, on the North Branch, was erected by Stillman Hendricks more than fifty years ago. The mill has been several times rebuilt. The miU now operated by W. R. Newton was built by Newell Culver in 1878. It was burned and rebuilt in 1885. The saw-miU now run by John E. Goodro, on the North Branch, was erected' by Cornelius Billings in 1877. Mr. Goodro came into possession about three years ago. The saw-miU and butter-tub factory of Hiram I. Spoor was built by its present proprietor in 1876, and is operated by steam. The coal-kilns in the north part of the town, successors to those mentioned in previous pages, which now turn out about 9,000 bushels of charcoal per month, are owned and operated by WiUiams & Nichols (the East Middlebury Forge Company), who are the successors of T. M. Chapman, of Middlebury. The Professions. — There are no lawyers in town. Henry C. Powers, who was born at Rochester, Vt, on the 17th of December, 1834, and came here in 1870, is the only medical practitioner in town. Present Officers. — The town officers of Ripton elected at the annual March meeting of 1885 are as follows: Loren H. Baker, town clerk and treasurer; George W. Gilmore, George A. Baker, W. E. Cushman, selectmen ; William Galvin, overseer of the poor ; Henry B. Ripley, first constable and collector ; Arthur Brown, George J. Hodges, J. L. Cook, listers ; E. C. Gibbs, J. S. Chandler, H. I. Spoor, auditors ; Mintie Powers, superintendent of schools ; Samuel H. Hendrick, trustee of surplus moneys ; O. S. King, A. Cushman, Albert O. Piatt, fence viewers; H. I. Spoor, C. E. Brown, J. L. Cook, town grand jurors ; R. E. Bentiey, pound-keeper; W. E. Howard, inspector of wood and shingles. Population Statistics. — The following figures show the steady though grad ual growth of the town in population since the first census record of 1820: 1820,42; 1830,278; 1840,357; 1850,567; 1860,570; 1870,617; 1880,672. Military. — The town of Ripton, of course, is of too recent origin to have taken part in the Revolution or in the War of 1812. The following residents of this town did her honor, however, in the War of the Rebellion : Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863: J. Adams, L. Aldrich, R. E. Bentiey, M. Boyntort, J. S. Chandler, A. Chan- Town of Salisbury. 595 ning, H. C. Damon, E. F. Downer, J. Duquette, T. Durfey, A. Euglish, S. J. English, G. W. Farmer, E. M. Farr, G. W. Fulsom, J. GiUespie, O. S. Gilmore, W. C. Goodell, D. Hale, L. H. Hendrick, W. H. Keep, J. P. Kirby, S. S. Kir by, J. Laundree, R. O. Linsley, B. Maynard, L. W. Merrill, L. B. NeweU, W. R. Newton, L. Plankey, P. Plankey, L. Stone, A. Whitney, R. Wright. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls : Volunteer for three years. — E. B. Kent. Volunteers re-enlisted. — H. C. Damon, E. M. Farr, G. W. Fulsom, J. Gil lespie, R, Wright. Volunteer for nine months. — J. Hale. Furnished under draft. — Paid commutation, J. W. Briggs, J. Chapman, E. Downer, A. M. Fisher, J. E. Goodyear, H. Kirby, F. J. Lewis, L. Lewis, R. O. Linsley, H. B. Ripley, W. D. Stowe. Procured substitute, C. J. Robbins. Entered service, S. Spooner. ecclesiastical. The Congregational Church of Ripton was organized very early, and con tinued without a meeting-house until about 1865 or '66, when they erected their present house of worship. Their pastor, Rev. Moses Patten, came here from Rochester, Vt., about three years ago. The Methodist Episcopal Church was or g3.nized in 1829, with a membership of seven, and Rev. Nathan W. Stearrts for their first pastor. It was reorgan ized in 1849. In 1862 they built their church edifice at a cost of $2,200. They have no pastor at present. CHAPTER XXXI. history of thb town of SALISBURY'. THIS town was chartered through the efforts of John Evarts, of Sahsbury, Conn., acting as agent for other dwellers in that region, November 3, 1761, at the same time and in the same manner that New Haven and Middlebury were chartered. Beginning the survey at the Lower Falls (Vergennes), the three towns were laid out, as heretofore described in the history of the town of Middlebury. The charter was granted by Benning Wentworth in the usual form and with the usual reservations ; the number of grantees was sixty-orte. The tract chartered was to contain an area about six miles square, or 23,040 acres. Only orte of the origirtal grarttees ever settled in the town. Otter Creek was named in the survey as the west line of the town. 596 History of Addison County. The town of Salisbury extends eastward from the creek to near the summit of the Green Mountain range, several considerable peaks of which are partly within the town limits. Nearly all of the mountainous part of the town is StiU wild and uncultivated, and much of it covered with timber The central part is level or roUing, while the western part along Otter Creek is level, and, with the exception of a considerable tract of marsh land along the creek, is very productive. Near the streams the soil is of a rich, alluvial character ; the low and swampy tracts are muck on a clay subsoil, while the higher areas are clay and loam. The whole town was originally covered with a heavy growth of timber, mostly deciduous, with pine on portions of the flat lands. The principal streams are the Leicester River, Middlebury River, and Otter Creek, the latter forming the western boundary. Leicester River has its source in Lake Dunmore and flows southwest through the vUlage and on into the town of Leicester; this stream affords excellent water power. Middlebury River flows through about a mile of the northern part of the town, when a bend takes it again into the town of Middlebury. Lake Dunmore is the largest body of water, and extends across the hne into Leicester. It is renowned for the beauty of its scenery and purity of its waters, and in recent years has ac quired much popularity as a pleasure resort. When the town of Leicester was chartered it was intended that it should have an equal extent of territory with Salisbury ; but after Brandon to the south, and Middlebury on the north, had been laid out, it was discovered that only about eight miles of distance were left for the two towns of Leicester and Salisbury, or four miles for each, instead of six. This state of affairs led to a great deal of difficulty, which continued until April, 1796, when a committee was chosen to adjust the matter, consisting of John Smith, Benjamin Garfield, and Joseph Woodward, of Leicester, and Eleazer Claghorn, Salathiel Bump, Stephen Hard, HoUand Weeks, and Elias Kelsey, of Salisbury. This com mittee settled upon a line which gave each of the two towns about four miles of the territory remaining, or about 16,000 acres. The report was accepted by the people of both towns and harmony restored. On the 1st of November, 1832, a part of SaUsbury was annexed to Rip ton, comprising a strip of land sixty rods wide and about 900 rods long. In 1786 a part of Middlebury was annexed to Salisbury, and a slight alteration was made in the southern boundary of the town by the law of 1840. Early Settlements. — It seems that little or no interest was felt by the orig inal grarttees in clearing and settling the territory of Sahsbury. In 1774, however, a gratuity of 200 acres, in addition to his original share, was offered to any person who would become an actual settler This had the effect of be ginning permanent settlements in the town. The first among the early settlers were Joshua Graves and his son Jesse, who came into town early in the spring of 1774. They pitched a hundred Town of Salisbury. 597 acres near the present depot, intending to locate in the northwest corner of the town. Here they built a smaU log house, cleared up a few acres of land and sowed it to wheat, and early in September returned to their home in Arlington, where they spent the remaining part of the season. This was the first clearing made for the purpose of agriculture in Salisbury. The following year Mr. Graves again visited his newly- made home, to which he finally moved his family in the latter part of the winter of 1775. Joshua, son of Chauncy, and grartdson of the first settler, was the first child born in the town. Amos Story, a native of Norwich, Conn., and his son Solomon in Septem ber, 1774, a few months after Mr. Graves's commencement, pitched a hundred acres adjoining that of Mr Graves on the south. Here he also put up a small log house and commenced clearing his land, with the expectation of raising wheat sufficient to supply bread for his family, which he intended to move to his new home the following year. Soon after the death of Amos Story, Solomon returned to his friends in Rutland, and carried the sad news of his father's death to his bereaved mother and other relatives. Mrs. Story was a woman of large stature and masculine ap pearance, and possessed the physical strength and hardihood indicated thereby. With such qualifications she and her three sons, Solomon, Ephraim, and Sam uel, and her daughters, Hannah and Susannah, moved to their farm in Salis bury in the latter part of the year 1775, and took possession of the log house her husband had erected. Here she labored with her boys on the farm, taking the lead in the labors of clearing the land, raising grain and other products necessary to sustain her growing family, until the early part of the year 1777- Soon after it was knowrt by the settlers in this region that war existed between England and her colonies here, it was thought best that the inhabitants, so few in number in this vicinity, should either remove to the southern part of the State, where the population was more dense and where they could better protect themselves from the hostility of the Indians, or return to their former homes, which were mostly in Connecticut, and there await the issue of the war. But Mrs. Story, being able to use the musket to good advantage on necessary occasions, concluded to remain with her children and undertake the risks of completing her settlement. In the latter part of December, 1776, or early in 1777, Mrs. Story and her family returned to Rutland, and lived in the north part of that town, spending most of her summers at work on her Salisbury farm. In 1792, her sons having reached maturity and her daughters having married, she was united in marriage to Benjamin Smalley. He died in 1808, and she again married, in 1812, Captain Stephen Goodrich, one of the first settiers in Middlebury, and lived comfortably and happily with him on a farm in the northern part of this town until her decease, which occurred April 5, 18 17. She was seventy-five years of age, and was buried in the graveyard of District No. i, in Middlebury. 598 History of Addison County. After the commencement of the Revolutionary War Joshua Graves moved back as far as Rutland, but remained there but a short time before he and his boys returned to their farm in Salisbury in the summer of 1776, and built an other house in the place of the one destroyed by the Indians, and in September returned again to their family in Rutland. Mr. Graves, not approving of this hazardous experiment of settling a new country in time of war, moved his family again to his farm early in the spring of 1777, with the intention of mak ing a permanent settlement. In June of that year they were captured by In dians and taken to Ticonderoga by way of Brandon ; they were soon released, however, and returned home. They then buried their treasures in the ground, and returned to Rutland until the close of the war. The controversy between Salisbury and Leicester, and to some extent that between the settlers under the New Hampshire grants and those settling under the grants from New York, considerably retarded the settlement of lands within this town. The former cause was especially a source of delay, by rendering the title to land more insecure than even the most foolhardy adventurer was willing to abide. The settlement of both these difficulties opened the flood gates of immigration, and crowded this and adjoining towns so thick that actual inconvenience was felt in providing for the new-comers before they were able to raise their own crops. Salathiel Bump came to Salisbury before 1790, from WaUingford, Vt., and located about one-half mile north of the village site, on the place now occupied by his son, Franklin Bump. Cyrus Bump is also his son. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and was many years a justice of the peace in this town. He was many times sent to the Legislature as representative. Cyrus is and for many years has been a prominent man in town ; has held nearly aU the offices in the gift of the town, and has been sent to one Constitutional Conven tion. His sons are Dr. Orlow M. Bump, who lives with his father on the home stead, and Arthur V., deceased. Cyrus A. is son of Arthur. Other descend ants of Salathiel Bump are found in the families of Beach, Allen, Smith, Capron, Jefferson, Rounds, Elmore, Crook, Ranno, Moses, Paine, Ward, Gibson, Harris, Boardman, Briggs, and Hamilton. Ephraim Crook came here from Westminster, Vt, in 1793, and settled on a tract of land three miles north of the village, which has since been divided into several farms. Most of the property is now owned by Miss Ranney. He became a very wealthy man. His wife, Fanny, became an efficient midwife, and practiced until her death in 1846. His descendants are Crook, Dike, Weeks, Barker, Wooster, Hyde, and Merrill. One of his sons, Samuel S., was born at Westminster on the nth of January, 1789, and came here with his father He lived about one and a half miles north of his father About the beginning of the War of 1812, having had two or three years' experience as clerk, he determined to engage in the mercantUe business, and with that object Town of Salisbury. 599 bought out the store of Jacob Linsley in the village. He returned to agricul tural pursuits in about a year, being depressed by the evil influence of the war upon trade. He married Elizabeth Sheldon in 18 16, but had no children. In 1845 and '46 he represented the town in the State Legislature. In 1848 he re moved to Middlebury. Abe Waterous, another settler of 1784, was a Revolutionary soldier who took part in several battles, among which was the battle of Bennington. He died about the year 1800, and has descendants yet living in town. Elias Kelsey, a native of Guilford, Conn., came to Salisbury in 1785 and located about one and a half miles from the south line of Middlebury. He was elected the first constable, was on the first committee to lay out roads, and among the first selectmen. Among his several sons, Elias, jr., lived in town one month more than sixty-seven years, and died on the 28th of April, 1852, aged seventy-seven years. Two of his sons, John W. and Loyal, are now liv ing in town. Samuel Pierce, born in Canaan, Conn., settled in the northwestern part of the town. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and was distinguished for his muscular strength and agility. He held the office of constable for fourteen years in succession. His grandson, Samuel Pierce, is a resident of Salisbury. Thomas Savery and Henry Kelar, both Revolutionary soldiers, the former from Sutton, Mass., and the latter from Orange county, N. Y., came here in 1788. The former lived in a number of places while here. He served at the battles of Lexington, Monmouth, and White Plains, and has numerous descend ants now in town. Holland Weeks, from Litchfield, Conn., purchased of Benning Wentworth the governor's right in this town, and settled on it in 1789. He received the title in 1785 and made his survey in 1787. In 1788 he built a log house and made all necessary preparations for bringing on his family. He died of lung fever on the 22d of November, 18 12. His son, John M., succeeded to the home stead and passed his days thereon. John M. Weeks was the author of the val uable History of Salisbury, published in i860, from which we have made lib eral extracts in the preparation of this work. He was born in Litchfield, Conn., on the 22d of May, 1788. He married Harriet Prindle, of Charlotte, Vt., on the 19th of February, 18 18, by whom he had five children. He invented the Vermont beehive, the first improvement on the old-fashioned hive, and lived to see his invention in general use throughout the United States. His first wife died October 24, 1853, and on the 6th of January, 1856, he married Mrs. Em ily Davenport, of Middlebury. He died on the morning of September i, 1858. Solomon Story, brother of Amos Story, was from Norwich, Conn., and later from Dalton, Mass., and settled here in 1789, in the west part ofthe town. He died on May 22, 18 16, aged ninety years. Captain Rufus Story was his son. Jonas Story, another son of Solomon, came to town with his father, and by 6oo History of Addison County. chopping, and working at other kinds of manual labor, paid his own expenses while pursuing legal studies. He was finally admitted to the bar, and prac ticed the whole of his long life in Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Gilbert Everts, jr., a native of Salisbury, Conn., came here with his father in 1786, and settled in the northeast part of the town. At his death he be queathed about one hundred and fifty dollars to the Congregational Church, of which he was a member. His daughter married Lothrop, brother of Cyrus Bump. Simeon Strong, also a Revolutionary soldier, came from Salisbury, Conn., in 1790, and located on the place next north of Cyrus Bump. He was father to Cyrus Bump's mother. Samuel Taylor, from Eastham, N. H., settled in 1795 in the southwestern part of the town, on the place now owned by Mr. Leland. He had a family of ten children. One of his sons is a prominent farmer of CornwaU, and another, Edgar, resides in Addison. Samuel Daniels, from Upton, Mass., settled here in 1775, on the land which, by the compromise of 1 796, was ceded to Leicester. He was a soldier of the Revolution and was killed by the Indians and Tories in 1778. He had two sons, Dan and Samuel, the former of whom remained on the homestead until his death. Augustus Daniels, here now, is son to Dan Daniels. Solomon Thomas came here about the year 1800 from Chittenden, Vt, and settled in the east part of the town, near the center, and passed his Ufe on the farm. George Thomas, of the village, and WiUiam are his sons. Jabez Spencer came into Sahsbury from New Haven, Conn., in the year 1807 and settled on Otter Creek. He was also a Revolutionary soldier He had twelve children, of whom only one is alive in Leicester. Moses Sheldon, from Salisbury, Conn., moved to this town in 18 10. He married a daughter of Samuel Keep. His grandson, Moses Sheldon, now oc cupies the homestead. Samuel Keep, also from Salisbury, Conn,, was one of the original grantees ofthe town. He settied at Crown Point N. Y., about 1773, and was one of Ethan Allen's advisers in taking the fort at Ticonderoga in 1775. After he came to this town he immediately engaged in the business of iron making, and superintended the erection of forges. He died in Brandon in the year 1 802, aged seventy-one. Seymour Waterhouse came early to the west part of Salisbury with his grandfather. He had eight sons. W. A. and L, N. Waterhouse are now living here. One son Uves in New York and four have taken up their residence in California. Levi Briggs, from Middleborough, Mass., settied in Salisbury village in 1 8 19. His second son, Levi, was constable and deputy sheriff many years ; and the third, Sumner, filled many town offices with credit, among which was Town of Salisbury. 6oi that of town representative and trustee of the public money. Henry died at Forestdale. Among other early settlers was James Bradley, who first held the office of town treasurer, in which he continued as long as he remained in town, and Eliphaz Perkins, a man of great worth both as a physician and citizen. There were also families of whom no mention has been made, bearing the name of Chipman, Reynolds, Johnson, Huntiey, Buel, Sutherland, Richardson, Sher man, Phelps, Rossiter, Horsley, Church, Case, Chamberlain, Wells, Baker, HU dreth, Ellsworth, Sterling, Fuller, Merifield, Lyon, Hawes, Stephens, Bailey, Taylor, Alden, Race, Beebe, Golden, Palmatier, Codman, Larkin, Lakin, Skeele, Chafee, Kilburn, Sprague, McDonald, McCombie, Austin, Goode nough, Porter, French, Pattison, Langley, Cheney, Fitch, Linsly, Toby, and many others. In the grand list for the town in 1788 we find the names of the foUowing settlers additional to those given, and have given therewith the locality where each lived, as far as we have been able to ascertain it Eleazer Claghorn lived in the west part of the town ; Francis Strong where Augustus Daniels now owns ; Joseph Dolph in the south part ; Bazadiel Richardson in the west part ; Abram Hard where Benjamin Eastwood owns ; Eber Everts where the widow of Alonzo Boardman owns ; Alfred Smauley (Smalley) where the widow of Andrew Wainwright owns ; Barnabas L. Chipman in the northern part ; Josiah Farnham in the vicinity of the depot site ; Asa and Jesse Graves on lands owned by Columbus Smith ; James Bradley where D. E. Gibson owns ; James Baker where Edward Nash lives ; Asa Huntly where Myron Page owns ; Jo seph Graves where James and Willard Whitney live ; Aaron Adams near the center of the town ; Ami Chipman where Albro Ranney lives ; Stephen Hard in the central part ; Isaiah Golden near where John E. Dyer lives ; John Hodson where Sidney Branch lives ; Samuel Pierce in the west part where Royal Hedden Uves ; Elijah Skeel where Cyrus Bump lives ; James Waterous in the west part ; Wm. Cobb where Lucius Leland lives ; Ephraim Story where Norman Story afterward lived, on the place now occupied by Lyman Morgan ; Curtis Smith where the stone school-house stood. Others in the list whom we cannot locate were Chauncey Graves, Diah Waterous, John Ensign, Obadiah Wheeler, Samuel Abbott, David Seymour, Justus and James SutherUn, Joel Newton, Jehiel Smith, and Griffith Plaice. These families and their descend ants constitute the principal portion of those who have been instrumental in building up the town and making it what it is. They cleared their lands and turned their attention in early years chiefly to agricultural pursuits. Wheat was formerly grown in considerable quantities, while the cutting of the hard wood which abounded in the forests, and seUing it at Middlebury, occupied the inhabitants in winter seasons for many years and brought a considerable reve nue to the town. Cyrus Bump states that his father and others drew wheat to 6o2 History of Addison County. Troy, N. Y., for many seasons, returning with salt and other commodities. Hogs were taken to Boston and sold, and groceries bought for the return trip. Finally manufacturing operations began on a limited scale and continued to prosper for years, as hereafter noted. It will not be out of place to here trace a few more of the settlers of the town, some of whom came here in later years. Henry R. Schoolcraft was born in Albany county, N. Y., in 1793, and settled in Salisbury in 18 12 or '13, and assisted in the erection and management of the glass-works of the Ver mont Company both here and in Middlebury. While living at Lake Dunmore he erected a chemical furnace and experimental laboratory, and at the same time studied chemistry and mineralogy under Professor F. Hall, of Middlebury College. In 181 5 he went West. Thomas Sawyer was born irt Bolton, Mass., in 1742, and was bred a millwright. He took a prominent part in the Revo lutionary movements of the age in which he Uved. He was placed in many important offices in Massachusetts during the preliminary battles of the Revo lution. In the latter part of 1776 he was stationed for a short time at Ticon deroga, and when his time of service had expired at that place he returned to his family in Massachusetts. In making this journey he passed through a part of Vermont, and was impressed with the opportunities here presented for en terprise and usefulness. In 1777 he moved his family to Clarendon, where he built a bullet-proof block-house of solid oak timber. Even the windows were provided with such heavy shutters that a bullet could not be made to pass through them. He remained in Clarendon until 1783, when he began opera tions in Salisbury, at the falls where the village now is, and near Lake Dun more. Here he erected the first saw-miU, and on the 1st day of June, 1783, sawed the first log, having in two months erected a dam and a building suffi ciently large for a saw-miU and a grist-mill, the latter of which was put in operation in the following winter. As this part of Salisbury was claimed by Leicester at that time, he was the first representative from that town in the State Legislature, and was also one of its first magistrates. He left the State in 1795, and settled with his family in what is now called Manchester, On tario county, N. Y., where he died three years afterward. Jonathan Gibson was born in Fitchburg, Mass., in the year 1775. He came into Sahsbury as early as 1798, but did not make a permanertt settlement until some years later At the time of his settlement he had no property, but purchased a farm on such liberal terms of payment that, with his great industry and economy, in a few years he was not only free from debt, but was considered one of the most prosperous farmers in the town. He served the town in the capacity of one of the selectmen seven or eight years, and was its representative in the General Assembly in 1815, '16, and '17. He died of a cancer November 22, 1851. John M. Dyer, of West Salisbury, came here from Clarendon in 1832. He is one of the foremost citizens of the town and a large owner of real estate. He Town of Salisbury. 603 has represented the town in both branches of the Legislature several terms; owns the Dyer block in Middlebury and one in Vergennes, with large tracts of land. Horace Thomas, one of the old citizens of the town, was born on the farm he now occupies. Asahel Martin located in 1822 on the farm now occu pied by his son Henry. The settlement of Joshua Graves has been alluded to. The farm on which he located is now owned by his grandson, Columbus Smith, who has erected near the railroad depot one of the finest private residences in the State, which is known as Shard ViUa. Mr. Smith's father, Joseph, settled early in that part of the town. Columbus Smith was born on the farm where he lives in 18 19, and studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1847. He has given much of his life to the collection of claims and estates in Europe, and has passed many years in the Old World. William Wainwright, father of Andrew D., was born in New Haven, Conn., October 24, 1779, and removed to Salisbury in 1801, and about two years after his arrival here he located upon the farm now occupied by Andrew D., where he died in 1858, aged seventy- nine years. Mr. Wainwright was an enterprising man and took a prominent part in public affairs. Andrew D. was born on the old homestead in 1828. The names of others prominent in the town must be left for our notice of the manufacturing, mercantUe, and other interests of the community. Proprietors' Acts. — The first meeting of the proprietors of Salisbury was held at Salisbury, Conn., in January, 1762, and there the following officers were elected: Josiah Stodard, proprietors' clerk; Elias Reed, Alexander Gaston, Nathaniel Buel, selectmen; John Evarts, treasurer; S. Moore, jr, col lector. At a subsequent meeting Nathaniel Buel was made a committee for lotting out the town into first and second divisions, and a tax of nine shUlings was laid upon each proprietor to defray the expense of the same. Mr. Buel entered immediately upon the duties of his office, and soon thereafter returned to the proprietors' clerk a plan and survey, determining the north and south lines, together with a survey of what was caUed the home lots. It appears that Mr Buel employed Samuel Moore to do this surveying, and his name alone appears on the plan which was placed on file in the town clerk's office. Mr Moore seems to have commenced his survey at the southwest corner of Middlebury, on the bank of Otter Creek, and from that point to have run east to the foot of the mountain, and probably no farther at that time, but com menced laying off lots southeriy, and on a line running south ten degrees west, six miles and sixty-four rods. As the lots were headed on this line near the base of the mountain, they were laid fifty-two rods wide, running west three hundred and twenty rods. Every sixth lot was laid fifty-six rods wide, aUow ance being made for roads. But as the surveyor approached Lake Dunmore in his work he found that some of his lots were shortened by the water of that lake, and to make up this deficiency in these lots, he made them of greater width. Lots No. 13, 14, 15, and 16 are of this class. In this manner thirty- 6o4 History of Addison County. seven lots were laid in the first tier, and all numbered. The lots of the second tier were headed on the foot of those of the first. One of the last votes of the proprietors found on record, previous to the Revolution, was taken at a proprietors' meeting held at Salisbury, Conn., De cember 19, 1774, to wit: "Voted, Joseph Waterous, Samuel Moore, jr, Amos Storey, be a committee to run the line of the town and ascertain its true boundaries." Another vote was taken at this meeting, which allowed any of the grantees who would become settlers within one year from that time to pitch two hundred acres in addition to their shares. The grantees had, previous to this, offered a hundred acres of land to any one who would pitch and settle in this town, which finally led to the first set tlements, as before described. There are no records of this town to be found between the years 1774 and 1785, and the proprietors' records are much mutilated, so that much of the early progress of the community can only be conjectured ; but it is believed that in 1785, 1786, and 1787 settlement and developement were rapid. At the town meeting for the year 1788, the first of which we have com plete records, the following officers were elected: Town clerk, Eleazer Clag horn ; selectmen, Eleazer Claghorn, Stephen Hard, James Waterous ; treas urer, James Bradley ; representative, Stephen Hard ; constable, Stephen Hard. Eleazer Claghorn continued in the office of clerk until 1795, when he was succeeded by Stephen Hard, who held the office until 1799. Reuben Saxon was then elected, and filled the office to 1828, a period of twenty-eight years. The present officers of the town are as follows : Clerk, L. N. Waterhouse ; treasurer, Horace Thomas ; selectmen, W. H. Thomas, M. M. Dowd, E. A. Hamilton ; constable and overseer, James W. Thomas ; superintendent, O. M. Bump ; listers, L. N. Waterhouse, J. E. Weeks, W. W. Dowd ; agent, J. M. Dyer. The later gradual progress of the town cannot be traced in detail. The in habitants have performed their share of labor for the general good of the com monwealth, and from the close of the War of 18 1 2 to the breaking out ofthe great rebellion peace and a fair degree of prosperity reigned. In the great war for the preservatio- of the Union this town sustained an honorable part. The foUowing list gives the names of the volunteers from the town in Vermont organizations, as far as known : Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : J. Ashley, G. W. Baird, J. Baker, J. T. Beach, W. O. Beach, W. Birchard, J. Bovia, H. H. Bushey, A. Carriveaux, L. Carvo, S, Chapman, O. Clark, G. H. Cloyes, J. Comstock, J. Comstock, C. Constantinople, H, Currier, H. S. Daggett, Q. Doty, J. Edwards, W. R. EUis, E. P'orrest, S. J. Gambell, W. Gariand, R. A. Graves, C. F. Greertleaf, L. G. Hack, E. A. HamUton, G. W. Town of Salisbury. 605 Henderson, R. T. Howard, R. Hudson, H. Huntiey, L. D. Huntley, W. F. Hunt ley, J. Lamorder, C. Laquee, J. Laquee, N. Laruerd, R. R. Lawrence, J. Leno, F. W. Noyes, N, Page, H. L. Perry, A. J. Piper, H. Pratt, H. M. Race, S. Rich ards, J. Savery, J. E. Savery, W. J. Savery, O. L. Spencer, P. St George, H. Taylor, H. M. Taylor, T. Thomas, W. J. Thomas, C. A. Walker. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent caUs : Volunteers for three years.— E. Baker, L. C. BeU, J. C. Comaford, J. M. Comaford, N. Forrest, H. Littie, C. A. Walker, T Wilcox. Volunteers re-enlisted. — J. Baker, W. Birchard, S. Chapman, L. G. Hack, J. Laquee, R. R. Lawrence, S. Miles. Not credited by name. — Two men. Volunteers for nine months. — H. J. Boardman, J. D. Boardman, M. C. Bump, G. H. Cloyes, T. E. Kelsey, J. Morse, N. Spencer, jr, S. Sumner, W. J. Thomas, F. A. Waterhouse, J. W. Whitney, F. Wilcox. Furnished under draft — Paid commutation, W. Dowd, R. Graves, A. K. Marvin, A. A. Ranney, A. Thomas, S. Thomas. The fluctuations in the town's population are shown in the foUowing fig ures : 1791,446; 1800,44; 1810,709; 1820,721; 1830,907; 1840,942; 1850, 1,027; i860, 853 ; 1870, 902; 1880, 775. Manufactures and Industries. — We have briefly alluded to the growing of wheat as one of the prominent early pursuits of the farmers of the town. This continued with gradual diminution for thirty years, until the lessening crops told the farmers what would be the inevitable result In later years only about sufficient of this grain has been raised for home consumption. Corn, oats, flax, beans, and buckwheat have always been raised here to a considera ble extent. Dairying was carried on in the town from early years until about 1825, to which date it showed encouraging growth and prosperity ; but when the Merino sheep excitement began, very many of the farmers turned their attention to the new field, and dairying was much neglected. In recent years but little more has been done than to supply the home demand with butter. The sheep and wool industry has never reached the importance in this town that it has in many others of the county, though some flocks have attained con siderable prominence. In manufactures the first operations were towards the building of saw-mills ; such is the case in all new communities. Of the early miUs and factories Mr. Weeks wrote as follows : " The first saw-mill irt this towrt was erected by Colonel Thomas Sawyer in 1783. A grist-mill was also put up in the same building, and set in successful operation early in the year 1784. These mills were afterward repaired, and if the author is correctly informed, were at least once rebuilt. The first forge was also erected by Mr Sawyer, in 1791. Samuel Keep was his first bloomer, 39 6o6 History of Addison County. and Stephen Gill made his first coal, and rendered him some other assistance in making iron. Nathaniel Chafey erected the first trip-hammer shop, a littie below the place afterwards occupied by Chester Kingsley's woolen factory. Mr. Chafey erected this shop about the year 1794, and was a celebrated axe- maker Another trip-hammer shop was put up by John Deming, about the year 1795, but it was afterward converted into a shovel factory. In 181 1 a charter was granted by the Legislature of the State for the manufacture of glass, to Ep. Jones and other individuals, and accordingly a glass-factory was put up on the western shore of Lake Dunmore, in the following year, which went into successful operation under the direction of Mr. Jones in 18 13. About forty operatives were employed in this factory several years. So great was the business done by it that money was made more plenty among us, a good home market was furnished for a part of our agricultural products, and all kinds of business rendered more active. As the company made its deposits at the Farmers' Bank of Troy, N. Y., it issued orders in the form of bank biUs, which were stamped and struck off on bank-bill paper, and were in denominations of $1.00, $1.25, $1.50, $1.75, $2.00, and $3.00. These bills, or rather orders, were equally current with any other bank bills for a number of years. But owing to the sudden changes in the prices of glass, and other unforeseen cas ualties which took place at the close ofthe war with Great Britain in 1815, the company was compelled to wind up its business. EUakim Weeks rebuilt the saw-mill in the village in 1814, and Christopher Johnson rebuilt the grist-miU the same year. About the year 1815a number of individuals living in Salis bury and vicinity procured a charter from the Legislature of the State, form ing a company to manufacture cotton cloths. A factory buUding was erected. For various reasons the venture was not a success. The factory was burned in 1827. This fire closed the cotton factory speculation in this town. The trip hammer shop in the village, which had done a good service for many years in hammering iron for its various uses, in the year 1813 was converted into a shovel factory. From this factory several thousands of these useful implements, of a superior kind, were sent out annuaUy for many years. About the year 1832 George Chipman and one or two other enterprising young men repaired the old glass-factory buildings at Lake Dunmore, and put it in successful oper ation. The factory was now managed with some profit, until about the tenth year, when foreign competition reduced the price of glass so much that the manufacture of it in this town could not any longer be made profitable. In 1853 this glass-factory property was purchased by E. D. Barber, of Middle bury, Vt., and soon after, through his agency, a stock company, caUed the Lake Dunmore Hotel Compauy, was formed, and the moneys thereof appro priated to the buildirtg of a magnificent hotel and the purchase of accompany ing lands. The tavern above referred to was taken down to make room for its more commodious successor. But in making all the improvements an immense Town of Salisbury. 607 outlay was made, the company became insolvent, the property was mortgaged, and finally passed into the hands of Messrs. Jones, Pratt, Wood 81 Dodge, of Florida. In 1833 Hinsdale McHurd built a small woolen factory, on the ground previously occupied by the cotton factory, and manufactured the first woolen cloths made by machinery. This factory was burnt down in 1843, but was rebuilt during the same year on a more extensive scale by Henry W. Walker, and continued in successful operation, in different hands, up to recent years. Subsequently a forge was erected by A. B. Huntly, a young and en terprising man, near the eastern part of the Indian Garden, and on the stream which flows from Lake Dunmore. This forge was built on the most approved modern plan, and was capable of doing an extensive business. But the ex pense of building having been very great, and the reduction in the price of iron, on account of foreign competition, rendering Mr. Huntly unable to meet the expense of carrying on his business, after having made a few hundred tons of excellent iron he was compeUed to give up his business. In 185 i Ebenezer Weeks and James Fitts, jr., put up a grist-mill in Salisbury viUage, which has been a great convenience to the town. This mill was made after the most modern plan, and fitted throughout with new machinery. Mr. Weeks after ward sold out his interest in the concern to Mr. Fitts, who in turn sold to E. A. Hamilton. The miU subsequently burned, but was at once rebuilt, and has since changed hands several times, having been operated by Wells Utley, Jo seph Lovett, Harvey Lampson, Melvin Stowe, and Joshua Barber. It is now owned by WilUam Belknap, and was leased in July, 1885, by F. C. Rock. The saw-mill at Salisbury village, which has been alluded to, is now owned and operated by Henry Kinsman & Co., they having taken it in February, 1885. Its capacity is about 10,000 feet daily. What was known as the Salisbury Woolert MUls were built about 1842, and purchased by Chester Kingsley in 1859. In 1879 Charles and Denison Kingsley, sons of Chester, changed the woolen-factory buUding into a dry pulp-miU, for the manufacture of wood pulp for paper making. These gentlemen also started a wet pulp-mill a few years ago at the village, which turns out from two to three tons a day. The saw-mill of Newton & Thompson, on the east side of Lake Dunmore, manufactures about 600,000 feet of lumber annually. These comprise the principal present manufactures of the town. municipal. The village history of Salisbury is necessarily brief A post-office was es tablished at the site of the village on the 31st of January, 1801. Since that date the following postmasters have held the office : Patrick Johnson, 1801 to 1809; Jacob Linsly, 1809 to 1815; Austin Johnson, 1815 to 1817; John M. Weeks, 1817 to 1824; Harvey Deming, 1824 to 1847; John Prout, 1847; Abram B. Huntly, 1847 to 1851 ; Sumner Briggs, 1851 to 1852; Will- 6o8 History of Addison County. iam Rustin, 1852 to 1854; Keros K. Howard, 1854. Bertjamin Eastwood suc ceeded Howard, and L. N. Waterhouse, who buUt the Kinsman store and took the office about 1863, followed Eastwood and was succeeded by Jerome Con verse, and the latter by Henry Kinsman, in 1879. He held the office untU 1885, when he was succeeded by Keros Howard. Another post-office was established under the name of West Salisbury, July 19, 1850. J. S. Messer was the first postmaster and was succeeded by Royal D. Hedden. He was succeeded by A. J. Johnson, the present incumbent The following list shows all those who had engaged in mercantile business in the town down to i860, and is from Mr. Weeks's book : Josiah Rossiter 1797, Libeus Harris 1802, Merriam & Kilburn 1804, Bela Farnham 1804, Ambrose Porter 1805, Brooks & Merriam 1805, Joshua Brooks 1806, Weed & Conant 1806, Patrick Johnsort 1807, P. & A. Johnson 1808, Dickinson & Brooks 18 10, Aaron Barrows 181 5, James I. Catlin 181 5, CatUn & Atwood 18 17, Jason Rice 1826, Parker & Ives 1826, Barrows & Kidder 1828, Abiel Manning 1829, John Beckwith & Co. 1831, Linsly & Chipman 1832, Howard Harris 1844, William Rustiu 185 1, E. A. Hamilton 1852, S. E. Waterhouse 1852, James Fitts, jr, 1858, William Rustin & Co. 1858, Benjamin Eastwood 1859. At about the time of the opening of the railroad through the town a union store was established in the depot building at West Salisbury, under management of J. S. Messer. It was soon closed. E. H. Packard has had a general store near the station since 1884 ; it was previously kept for a number of years by F. W. Atwood. Henry Kinsman has kept a general store at the vUlege since 1879. Jerome Converse traded on that site a number of years previous. Hotels. — The old Howard Hotel, which stood on the north side of the river, was burned in 1875. This house was built and kept many years by Ellery Howard, and later by his sons. The building in which Keros Howard now keeps a tavern, on the north side of the stream, is one of the oldest structures in the place. It was taken by Mr. Howard when the other house burned. It was long used as a public house, R. T. Howard, Elnathan Darling, Abiel Manning, Thomas W. Kelar, James Cook, and others having kept it. The Lake Dun more Hotel has been alluded to as having been built by the Lake Dunmore Hotel Company. This house is beautifully situated iu a wild and romantic spot at the foot of the picturesque lake, and is a popular summer resort It is now under management of W. H. Merritt. Physicians. — We give below a list of the physicians who have practiced in Salisbury, some of whom have received notice in the medical chapter in this work: Darius Matthews 1789, Eliphaz Perkins 1791, Thomas Dunbar 1796, Paul Thorndike 1801, John Horton 1802, Henry Porter 1802, Rev. Abiel Jones 1804, Rufus Newton 1805, Eli Derby 1808, Harvey Guernsey 1808, Josiah W. Hale 18 1 2, A. G. Dana 1821, Washington Miller 1822, Luke Hale 1829, Will iam Fitts 1830, M. H. Ranney 1835, O. G. Dyar 1846, J. N. Moore i85i,C. S. \. W. H. Merritt. Town of Salisbury. 609 Chase 1856, H. C. Atwood 1859. Dr Orton C. Bump, at present practicing in the town, was born irt Salisbury May 22, 1832. He studied in and was gaaduated from the New York College of Medicine and Surgery, and first prac ticed in Shoreham. He then removed to Cambridge, N. Y., and his health becoming impaired he ertgaged for a time in other business. He subsequently returned to Salisbury and now resides with his venerable father, Cyrus Bump. Dr E. H. Martin was born in Foo Chow, China, in 1861. He studied medi cine in the University of Vermont and was graduated in 1884; he has since practiced in Salisbury. Attorneys. — There is no lawyer at present practicing in the town. The people are seldom in urgent need of an attorney's services and can afford to go to Middlebury for them. Mr. Weeks gave the following as the names of law yers who were resident here at the dates mentioned : Horatio Waterous 1802, James Andrews, jr, 1809, Thomas French 181 1, S. H. Tupper 1816, Theoph ilus Capen 1817, Robert Bostwick 1823, E. N. Briggs 1826, John Prout 1838, John Colby 1848, A. W. Briggs 1859. ecclesiastical. The Congregational Church of Salisbury was organized in February, 1 804, with the nine following members : Solomon Story, John Holt, Aaron L. Beach, Gilbert Everts, jr, Eliakim Weeks, Hannah Weeks, Anna Copeland, Ehzabeth Beach, and Hannah Everts. The record of organization is signed by Revs. Jedediah Bushnell and Benjamin Worcester. The church had no settled min ister until 181 1, and no deacons were elected until May 8 of that year, when Aaron L. Beach and John Holt were chosen. October 15, 181 1, Rev. Rufus Pumroy was settled as the first pastor. He remained until November, 18 16, and was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Cheney, eleven years. Rev. Eli Hyde, three years, when the church was vacant until 1845. Rev. George W. Barrows was the next pastor. The present pastor is Rev. S. P. Giddings, who came No vember, 1884. The membership is now about seventy-five. The officers of the church are Cyrus Bump and Horace Sheldon, deacons, John E. Weeks, clerk. Cyrus Bump is Sunday-school superintendent. Methodist Episcopal Church. — The nucleus of this church was formed about 1799) but of how it prospered between that date and 1836 very little is known. In 1836, when the Hon. Henry Olin settled in the town, the church began a period of prosperity, owing largely to his energetic efforts. In 1837 meetings were held for the purpose of awakening interest in the building of a church, which was accomplished in 1838, and regular preaching was begun. We can not foUow the long Ust of pastors, with the numerous changes; but Rev. James A. Heath came to the church in April, 1885. The stewards are O. P. Mead and J. Walley. The membership is small at the present time. 6io History of Addison County. CHAPTER XXXIL history of the town op shoreham.' THE town of Shoreham is situated in the southwestern part of Addison county, and is bounded north by Bridport, east by Cornwall and Whiting, south by Orwell, and west by Lake Champlain, which separates it from Ticon deroga, N. Y. It lies to the south of Burlington a distance of forty miles, and southwest of Middlebury twelve miles. The area of Shoreham is 26,3 19 acres. The surface is low and gently roUing, the highest elevation, "the Pinnacle," in the eastern part of the town, rising to an elevation of about five hundred feet above the level of the lake. From its summit fine glimpses of Lake Champlain can be obtained, including old Fort Ti, artd of the Green Mountains, from Killington Peak to Mount Mansfield, and of the Adirondacks on the west The soil along the lake is a fertile clay. About one mile east of the shore the land rises above the clay to a stratum of argillaceous slate, in a range of hills which extends, with an occasional break, more than half way through the town from the south line. The higher land, for the most part, is composed of a strong loam, good for grains of all kinds, and grass. "Cream Hill," which derived its name from its remarkable fertihty, is two miles long and one broad, and lies in the north part of the town more than one mile from the lake. "Barnum HiU," which received its name from that of a number of families which settled on it in early days, and "Worces ter Hills," so named because the early residents thereon came from Worcester, Mass., are composed of a similar soil, and bear on their sides some ofthe finest farms in New England. "Mutton Hill," in the north part ofthe town, is said to have derived its name from the reputation of a family Uving on one of its declivities, who were accused of filching from the neighbors' flocks. Near the center of the town lies what is called the Great Swamp, which formerly con tained about 700 acres covered largely with pine, black ash, and cedar timber, but which has been greatly reduced within the last twenty years. This town was chartered by Benning Wentworth, governor of the Province of New Hampshire, on the 8th day of October, 1761, to sixty persons who are believed to have had no persortal interest in the grant The charter was ob tained through the agency of Colonel Ephraim Doolittle, and bears an earlier date than that of any other town west of the Green Mountains, lying north of Castleton. Colonel Ephraim Doolittle was the most prominent man in procuring the charter and effecting the first settlement in town. He was a captain in the 1 For the matter contained in this chapter we are greatly indebted to the most valuable History of Shoreliam, written in l86i by Rev. Josiah F. Goodhue, and to the courtesy and information of Mr. El mer Barnum, Town of Shoreham. 6ii army under General Amherst in the French War of 1755, and served under him at the capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point. He was afterward colonel of the Massachusetts militia in the Revolution. Early in the year of 1766 Colonel Doolittle with twelve or fourteen other persons, among whom were Daniel and Jacob Hemenway, Robert Gray, James Forbush, Paul Moore, John Crigo, Daniel Southgate, Nahum Houghton, Elijah KeUogg, and others, came together in a company from Worcester county, in Massachusetts, and selected a spot on which they built a log house. This was situated a few rods east of a stream called Prickly Ash Brook, and known as the Doolittle farm. In this house they all lived, the first year in one family, the men taking turns in doing the cooking. During the first summer this company cleared about twenty- five acres of land lying at the base of Mutton Hill on the north and east of Prickly Ash Brook. Colonel Doolittle did not move his family into town until after the Revolution, but spent much of his time here, with several hired men, who were employed in clearing lands and making improvements. He moved his family here in 1783, and owned the mill-place and mills, and built a house where Mrs. J. F. Birchard now lives. He died in this town in 1807. Colortel Joel Doolittle, his son, came and lived with his father in 1783, and in 1784 be came joint owner with him of the mills and all his real estate in this town. He also died in this town, in the year 1828. Early Settlements. — Paul Moore, who was one ofthe company that visited this territory in 1766, was, with Colonel Doolittle and John Crigo, the first set tler in Shoreham. He was born in Worcester, Mass., in 173 1 ; ran away from home at the age of twelve years and went to sea, passing thereafter more than twenty years of his life upon the ocean. After reUnquishing the seaman's life he came to Vermont with some of the soldiers in the French War. As early as 1763 or '64 he passed much time in hunting in the vicinity ofthe lake, and in the fall and winter of 1765 he remained six months in Shoreham, in a hut which he constructed of pine and hemlock boughs. He did not see another human being during the whole winter. That winter he caught seventy bea vers, and for several winters afterward continued catching them until he had accumulated a smaU fortune. He lived to an advanced period of life as a bachelor, and was married when past fifty years of age. He died in 1810, aged seventy-nine years. His first log house, which was burned by Indians, stood on the farm upon which he afterward erected the two-story house now occu pied by J. Q. Caswell. In the fall of 1773 Samuel Wolcott, from Goshen, Court., settled with his family ort the farm now owned and occupied by Deacon Almort Wolcott He artd his son Samuel, jr, were with AUen's party at the capture of the fort. Becoming alarmed by a party of Indians that appeared in the vicinity, he and his family fled to Berkshire county, Mass., where they remained until 1783. They then returned to the farm they had left. He died while on a visit to friends in Massachusetts and Connecticut. 6i2 History of Addison County. Amos CaUender came from Sheffield, Mass., with his family, in the winter of 1774 to Shoreham. He and his family fled from the Indians in June, 1777, and returning after the war found the brass kettle and other household utensils which they had buried. They reached Shoreham on their return on the 14th of February, 1783. In 1793 he built the brick house now occupied by R. H. Holmes, and kept a noted hostelry there for many years. His farm included the present Cream Hill Stock Farm. Elijah Kellogg, one of the company that came here in 1766, was from Sheffield, Mass., and was one of Allen's party in the capture of Ticonderoga in 1775, and is said to have been the first man who entered the fort after Allen and Arnold. At the close of the war he settled on the farm where his grand son. Ransom Kellogg, now lives. Daniel Newton, from Shrewsbury, Mass., was here surveying lauds allotted to proprietors before and after the Revolution. He took up several lots in town, commenced an improvement on Cream Hill east of the road, nearly op posite to the house of the Cream Hill Stock Farm ; sold that place, and began to make another improvement on the farm now owned by Myron Piatt. He died in 1834, aged eighty years. In 1783 Jesse Wolcott, son of Samuel, sr., settled on the place now occu pied by William Corey, where fifty acres of land were given him by one of the proprietors, and continued there until his death. Samuel Wolcott, jr., settied on land adjoining the Cream Hill Stock Farm on the south soon after the Rev olution, and died there. WiUiam Wolcott, brother of Samuel, jr., located at the Center, in the house now owned and occupied by Wm. Anderson and Wm. Langlois. He afterward sold out to Levi Wolcott, and went to White haU, N. Y., to live with his son, Dr Wm. G. Wolcott Alvin Wolcott, a son of Samuel, jr., settled on the farm now occupied by George H. Hall, where he remained until his death. Deacon Philemon Wolcott followed his father on the place on which Deacon Almon Wolcott now lives, and died there of the cholera on the ist of September, 1832, in the sixty-third year of his age. Thomas Rowley returned in 1783 to the farm he had left at Larabee's Point, where he lived until 1787 with his son Nathan, and then sold the place to John S. Larabee, and removed with his son to the place now owned by Mrs. Luther Parish. In 1795 he went to Cold Spring, in Benson, where he died about 1803, aged more than eighty years. John Larabee came from New London county. Conn., in 1783, and settled on the farm now owned by Myron Piatt He was a weU-educated man, and a surveyor. His son, John S. Larabee, came from Pownal, Vt, in 1783, at the age of nineteen years, and lived four years with his father, after which he cleared a place on Larabee's Point, then called Rowley's Poirtt, where, with the exception of six years passed in Middlebury as clerk of the County Court, he remained the rest of his life. He established the first ferry at Larabee's Point, Town of Shoreham. 613 under legislative grant, and managed it during his Ufe. He held at different times the office of town representative, clerk of the County Court six years, judge of probate and of the County Court. He died on November 28, 1847, aged eighty-two years. Abijah North came to Shoreham from Farmington, Conn., in 1774; cleared a piece of fifty acres of land, now a part of the Cream Hill Stock Farm, given him by one of the proprietors, planted seed for an apple orchard, built a log house a little west of the house now occupied by R. H. Holmes, and returned in the faU to Connecticut. The war intervening prevented his coming back untU March 12, 1783, when he brought his wife and six children. In March, 1875, he removed to the Moseley place in Bridport, where, on the 3d day of May following, he died. Seth, John, and Simeon North, with their families, had come to Shoreham just previous to his death, and John North settled on the old farm of Abijah, where he died at an early day. Mrs. Seth North, being homesick, returned to Connecticut the next day after their arrival, by the same team that brought her here. Simeon North soon after went to Ticon deroga, but returned here and finally went to OrweU, where his death took place. After the death of Abijah North his son Nathaniel went to live with Isaac Flagg ; married Sally Bateman, artd lived with her father, Thomas Bate- man, whose house stood about on the site of the Congregational parsonage, which was erected by Colonel Nathaniel North in 18 18. He removed to Ti conderoga in 183 1, and died there July 9, 1838. Colortel Josiah Pond came from Lenox, Mass., in 1783, and carried on Paul Moore's farm one year ; purchased then the farm now owned and occupied by Edwin Johnson and his son William, and erected thereon a framed house and barn ; sold soon after to Isaac Flagg, and went on to the place now occupied by Antoine Dumas, where he cleared a large farm, and in 1790 built a saw- mill on Lemon Fair Here he died on August 8, 1840, aged eighty- three years. He was one of the most eminent and influential men among the early settlers of this town. He was the first militia captain, and was the colonel of the first regiment of militia in Addison county. He was chosen to represent the town in the General Assembly in 1788, and was the second person elected to that trust in town. Six times his fellow citizens conferred on him the honor of that office. In 1791 he represented the town in the General Convention, called by the Council of Censors for revising the constitution of the State. He was at the battle of Bennington, and served his country for a few months after in the army of the Revolution. General Timothy F. Chipman, from Sheffield, Mass., aided in the town sur veys in 1783, and then settled on the farm now owned by Clement Fuller. He was born in Barnstable, Mass., on February i, 1761, and died in Shoreham May 17, 1830. He was descended directly from John Chipman, who came to this country from Dorchester, England, in 1 63 1 . Timothy F. Chipman entered ¦6i4 History of Addison County. the American army in the Revolution in 1777, as substitute for his father, who was obliged to support a large family. He served in the retreat of the Amer ican forces before Burgoyne. He married Polly, daughter of Captain Stephen Smith, on the 24th of May, 1786, and became the father of two sons and nine daughters. He kept a public house in Shoreham for years. He commanded a company of Vermont volunteers on the way to Plattsburgh, but was a day too late to take part in the battle. Stephen Barnum came in 1784 from Lanesboro, Mass., and was foUowed by his family in 1785. He located on a large farm embracing land now owned by Loren Towner, and raised a large family of children. He was great-uncle to Elmer Barnum. He was born in 1757, and bore an active and honorable part in the War of the Revolution. He died here on August 24, 1834, aged seventy-severt years. Smith street derived its name from four brothers named Smith who settled on that road. They emigrated from Nine Partners, N. Y., and came here from Manchester, Vt Stephen Smith built a log house in 1784, on the place now owned by Orson Martin, and brought his family here in 1785. Deacon EU Smith came also in 1784, and irt 1785 located on the farm where Widow D. C. Smith now lives. He was in the battie at Stillwater, and beheld the surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga. He was born on November 10, 175 i, and died on June 16, 1 8 16. Major Nathan Smith in 1792 settled on the farm now occupied by Mrs. Voss. He was in the battie of Bennington, and with Benjamin Vaughan was the first to scale the breastworks in pursuit of the enemy. He died before 1800. Amos Smith, a carpenter and joiner, came here in 1793; two years later opened a store in a house owned by Jordan Post, and about 1798 hved on Smith street. About 1808 he went to Canada, where he died eight years later. Philip Smith, son of Nathan, came here in 1786 and settled on Barnum Hill. He served as constable and deputy sheriff for several years, and died February 4, 1847, aged eighty- two years. Timothy Larabee settied first in 1784, on the farm owned now in part by George S. Larabee, his grandson, and by Orson S. Jones, and sold it to Hop kins Rowley, in 1792, and went to Georgia, Vt. In 1798 he returned and set tled on the place now owned by George S. Larabee, though not inhabited. His birth took place in Plainfield, Conn., on July 6, 1753. He came here from Pownal, and died here on August 21, 183 1, aged seventy-eight years. Up to this time the town had remained unorganized, no town officers hav ing been chosen and no taxes levied except those assessed by the proprietors, for the purpose of constructing roads or bridges, or for supporting schools. The progress of settiement, according to Mr Goodhue, to the beginrting of the year 1786, was so slow that the whole number of families at this time was only eighteen ; artd counting five persons to a family, the population did not exceed ninety. Town of Shoreham. 615 Among the families who came here between this and 1800 may be men tioned the following : Noah Jones moved here with his family in March, 1786, from Worcester, Mass., after having been here two seasons before that. He built a log house on Worcester HiU, on the place now owned by Milan Cook, where he died in September, 1850, aged ninety-two years. Eleazer Holbrook, who came with Jones whert but fifteen years of age, remained with him urttil he was twenty- one, lived then a short time in Bridport, and settled early on the farm now owned by J. T. Stickrtey. He passed the later years of his life with his son, David Holbrook, in Orwell. In 1790 James Moore settled on the farm now owned by Wilham W. Moore and his mother. Ebenezer TurriU, from Lenox, Mass., built a log house in 1786, near the site of the Catholic Church at the Center, and in 1795, near the same site, he erected the large two-storied house, afterward a well-known tavern by the name of the Hill House. He was born in New Milford, Conn., in 1742, and removed to Lenox in 1759. His son, Truman TurriU, began to keep the old tavern about 18 10, and it was after ward occupied as such by various persons until about 1849. Ebenezer Tur riU made potash for some time. He held for several years the office of justice of the peace. He died in 1825, in the eighty-fifth year of his age. Daniel and Beebee TurriU, his sons, settled about 1792 on the farms now owned by Milan Cook and Royal Witherell. Thomas and Nathaniel Rich, brothers, from Warwick, Mass., purchased in 1785 a tract of land embracing the present vUlage of RichviUe. They were great hunters, and were well ac quainted with this part of the country before they made their purchases. Thomas Rich had before this been to New Hampshire with the purpose of buying laud about the faUs in Salisbury, Vt, but was a day too late to effect the purchase ; whereupon he proceeded to Middlebury to look at land there in the market, lying rtorth of the falls, but did not purchase there. In 1786 he brought several men to his land in Shoreham, and began clearing the land and preparing for the buUding of a dwelling and mills. In 1787 he came again, with his brother Nathaniel, and his son Charles, then sixteen years of age, and who became a representative in Congress. Mrs. Andrew Wright, resident about three-fourths of a mile distant did the cooking for the party. That season Thomas Rich built a saw-miU alone, and did much work on the grist-mUl of Nathaniel. The brothers brought their families here in the winter of 1787, artd completed the grist-miU in the following spring or summer Will iam Jones, from Worcester, Mass., Uved for a short time, from 1787, on the farm now owned by James E. Wolcott, but soon after purchased the lot now owned by James F Moore. He was the grandfather of Elmer Barnum. He died here on November 27, 1833. Asa Jones, also from Worcester, located on the farm now in the hands of Kent Wright, in 1788, and died there on the 21st of April, 1 841, aged seventy-six years. Levi Birchard, from Becket, Mass., in 6i6 History of Addison County. 1787 began to improve the farm now owned by his grandson, Edson A. Birch ard, and brought his family there in 1789. He died January 14, 1844, aged eighty-four years. Andrew Birchard came from the same place with Levi, and worked for him two years. He first settled on the lot now owned by Zenus Myrick, and afterward on the place which Conrad E. Birchard now owns. He died on December 31, 1857, aged eighty-nine years. Samuel Hunt, a native of Hardwick, Mass., came to Shoreham from Pawlet in 1787, and settled on the farm now belonging to the heirs of Nazro Northrup. He afterward moved on to the farm now owned by B. B. Tottingham, where he died on the 15 th of February, 1825, aged sixty-two years. Jeremiah Northrup, from Lenox, Mass., first settled just south of B. B. Tottingham's, and soon after removed to the place now owned by the heirs of Nazro Northrup. He died on the 12th of April, 1840, at the age of seventy-four years. Samuel Northrup, from Lenox, Mass., first carried on his blacksmithing in a smaU house a little south . of B. B. Tottingham's about 1793. In 18 15 he removed to the place now owned by MUan Cook, where on the 1,7th of January, 1839, he died, aged sixty- six years. Deacort Stephert Cooper was born in East Hampton, L. I., June 22, 1746, and came to Shoreham in the faU of 1789, and was distinguished for his Christian meekness and devotion. He died on January 29, 1827. Samuel Hand came in 1789 from East Hampton, L. I., and bought the farm embrac ing what is now known as Hand's Point His father, Deacon Nathan Hand, came from the same place in 1790 to live with him. Deacon Hand died on the nth of May, 181 1, aged sixty-four years, and Samuel died on September 13, 1845, aged seventy-six years. In 1787 Gideon Jennings, first from Natick, Mass., and afterward from Bedford, N. Y., settled on the farm in Shoreham which his son, Isaac D. Jennings, now owns. He was a soldier of the Revolu tion. Silas Brookins about 1788 located on the place now owned by the heirs of Thurman Brookins. In 1795 Ebenezer Hawes, from Worcester, Mass., set- tied on the farm now owned by J. T. Stickney, formerly belonging to Gasca Rich. David Ramsdell came from Warwick, Mass., in 1787, and settied on the farm now owned by Pliny J. Waite. Jeremiah Brown, from Long Island, set tled on the southwest corner of Mrs. A. R. Minturn's farm about 1790, and afterward built the house in which Edward Harrington now lives, and remained there several years. He died in Benson. Early Records, etc.. — The first proprietors' meeting of which there is a rec ord was held at the house of Elihu Smith, in Clarendon, on April 28, 1783, Colonel Ephraim DooUttie being chosen moderator Thomas Rowley was chosen proprietors' clerk, Daniel Hemenway treasurer, and Asa Hemenway col lector of taxes. Among the measures of the day which may be of interest now were the following : " Voted, That those Proprietors who have made improvements on the lake shore shall have their twenty-six acres to cover their improvements and no Town of Shoreham. 617 more, in equal width with the other lots for their draft in said division, in pro portion to one right of twenty-six acres as above mentiorted. Voted, Mr. Dan iel Hemenway be a superintendent to oversee the business of laying out of lands voted to be laid out by the Proprietors of Shoreham. Voted, Thomas Rowley, esq., to be the surveyor to lay out the lands voted to be laid out in Shoreham and his wages to be one doUar each day while in service. Voted, To lay a tax of five Spanish MUled Dollars on each right or share of land in Shoreham, to defray the charges of laying out the lands now voted to be laid out, and other back charges against the Proprietary, and that said tax be col lected by the first day of October next. Voted, That this meeting be adjourned to the sun's rising to-morrow morning. The meeting opened according to the adjournment, on the 29th of April, A.D. 1783. Voted, That one hundred acres be surveyed and laid out as aforesaid, to euclose the place where the saw mill formerly stood, and the same be set to the right of which Ephraim Doo little was the original grantee : And it is expected that the said Doolittle cause a saw-mill and a grist-mill to be built at said mill place as soon as possible, and that there be reserved, for the use of said mills, sufficient pond room for the use of said miUs forever. Voted, That this meeting be adjourned to the first Mon day of October next, at one o'clock in the afternoon, then to meet and open at the house of Amos Callender in Shoreham. "Thomas Rowley, Proprietors' Clerk." The first town meeting of which there is any record was held for the pur pose of organizing the town, choosing and qualifying town officers, etc., No vember 20, 1786. Present: Nathan Manly, esq., justice of the peace ; Thomas Rowley, esq., was chosen moderator and town clerk; selectmen, Amos Callen der, Ebenezer TurriU, Eli Smith ; town treasurer, Ebenezer TurriU ; constable, Elijah KeUogg. The remainder were chosert by nomination, to wit : Daniel Newton, Stephen Barnum, John Larabee, listers ; Elijah Kellogg, coUector ; Stephen Barnum, grand juror; David Russel, Daniel Newton, Nathan Rowley, Ebenezer TurriU, Josiah Pond, surveyors of highways. The above officers were sworn before Nathan Manly, justice of the peace. May 30, 1791. — A committee of seven was appointed to divide the town into convenient school districts. March 4, 1793. — A report was received and adopted, dividing the town into eight school districts. March 3, 1823. — A committee was appointed to build, or otherwise procure, a Poor House, for the reception of the poor, with discretionary power to expend not exceeding Six Hundred DoUars for the same. September i, 1829. — The selectmen ofthe town of Shoreham, Messrs. Kent Wright, Silas H. Jenison, and Isaac Chipman, made a report ascertaining and defining the rights of the town to the common, April 29, 1844. — A motion being made to approbate Inn-keepers to sell spirituous liquors for the ensuing year, after discussion, it was decided in the negative by vote, 14 to 87. On motion, it was Resolved, That the civil authority be instructed to approbate 6i8 History of Addison County. such persons as they may judge expedient, to sell spirituous liquors, by retail, who will pledge themselves to sell only for medicinal and manufacturing pur poses. Passed unanimously. Early Roads. — The Old Military or Crown Point road, which passed through the town on its route from Chimney Point, in Addison, to Charles town (Number Four), N. H., was begun in 1759, by a detachment from the army of General Amherst, but was not for some time completed. The first road laid out by the proprietors of Shoreham was that which leads over Cream HUl and by the house of Mrs. Luther Parish into Orwell. In early times, at several points it ran farther east than it now does. In 1781 the road was worked which led from Colonel Ephraim Doolittle's to the site of the bridge across the Lemon Fair, at the old De Long place. In 1786 the first bridge at that place was built, and not long after this a road was opened from Shoreham to Middlebury. The old turnpike road, leading from Bridport to Orwell and Benson, was completed in 18 10. The road from Larabee's Point to Middlebury was laid out at different times, each portion finding strong opponents to the straighten ing process. The road by RichviUe, to Whiting and Brandon, has also more than local importance. Lemon Fair River has its source in Sudbury, Orwell, and Whiting, passes through this town, Bridport, and Cornwall, and flows into Otter Creek in Wey bridge. At RichviUe a dam extends across the river, which raises a pond ex tending nearly three miles up the stream, for the supply of mills below. There were at this place in i860 two saw-mills, two shingle-mills, one grist-mUl and flouring- mill, and tannery. Two miles below this place there was also in i860 a saw-miU and a small works for carding wool and manufacturing cloth. On Prickly Ash Brook, which flows north from the Great Swamp, Alonzo Birchard then had two saw-mills situated at the falls, and a run of stones in one of the mills for grinding corn. The supply of water here is sufficient to run these mills only in the spring and fall. Earlier still there was a grist-miU which did considerable business. The other streams are smaU and furnish no water power. Schools. — The first school in town was taught by a lady ou Cream Hill, probably as early as 1785 or '86, a school being kept up in that neighborhood a portion of every summer and winter for three or four years before there was any other in town. About 1789 a log school-house was built at the " Corners." For several years the children in the Birchard and Larabee districts were sent to school there. A school was also commenced about the same time on Smith street The log school-house in the Birchard district was built in 1794. Gideon Sis- son, who had a knowledge of the Latin and French languages, taught a school there in 1795, and was employed as instructor several years. Newton Acad- Town of Shoreham. 619 emy was incorporated in 1 8 1 1 . The origin of its name in uncertairt, there be irtg two suppositions — viz., that it was so called in honor of an early citizen of the town, from whom material assistance was expected, and that the favor of the shade of Sir Isaac Newton was sought From the time of its organization a school of the usual grade of academies has been kept up, with few intermis sions. The original cost of the building was $2,000. In 1853, after the col lection by subscriptions of $1,600, the Newton Academy Association was formed and the property conveyed to them. A boarding-house was then at tached to the academy building, and an expenditure made of $2,200. Many changes have taken place since then. While the excellent standard of the old academy is maintained, the institution has in a measure laid aside its purely academical character, and is now regarded as a common school with two de partments. W. W. Eaton is the principal. Counting the academy as two common schools, there are now fourteen schools in the thirteen districts in town. Military History. — Most of the early settlers of Shoreham were men who, having been actively engaged in the service of their country during the war, were attracted hither by the thrifty forests and fertile, well-watered soil of the territory. The position of Ticonderoga in particular had an important influ ence on the early settlement of the town. In the second war between the United States and Great Britain this town contributed more than thirty volunteers, who^id honorable service. During the War of the Rebellion Shoreham maintained the standard of patriotism which the soldiers of former days had established. The foUowing list contains the names of those from Shoreham who joined Vermont organiza tions in this war. Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : J. Bolton, G. D. Bryant, T A. Canfield, F Y. Center, B. S. Clark, W. H. Cowan, J. A. Dana, A. DeceUes, E. Denno, M. Denno, S. Denno, T. Denno, J. O. Green, E. Guyette, W. Higgins, G. G. Howe, C. Hunsdon, H. Johnson, E. C. Jones, V. A. Jones, W. S. Jones, J. Keefe, M. H. Keefe, J. Kelly, A. Ladam, H. H. Lambert, G. Lamot, F. Lapelle, Z. LapeUe, H. Lapham, C. W. Lemarder, L. S. Lewis, W. F Lewis, F- Moore, A. Mosely, O. Nephew, H. Nicholson, H. B, North, A. P. Palmer, C. F. Powers, O. E. Pratt, A, L. Reed, C. B. Sloan, E. P. Sloan, S. Smith, F. Trimble, P. Trudeau, J. S. Ward, J. White, H. J. Wideawake, E. F. Wright, L. Young. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse- quertt calls : Volunteers for three years. — J. Basonait, G. D. Bryant, E. E. Cudworth, W. H. Deming, C. Draper, A. Elger, J. A. Huestis, W. Huriey, M. H. Keefe, P. Ladam, I. N. Lewis, E. Lumbard, J. N. Payne, L. B. Powell, T. Ryan, G. H. Shepherd, G. W. Shepherd, W. G. WiUey, T. Wisell, J. Woodward. 620 History of Addison County. Volunteers re-enlisted. — G. F. Bennett, J. Clair, O. Clair, B. S. Clark, A. DeceUes, J. Kelley, K. Morrill, E. P. Sloan, L. Young. Enrolled man who furnished substitute. — C. E. Bush. Not credited by name. — Two men. Volunteers for nine months. — O. F. Atwood, A. Austin, C. A. Bugbee, P. Carney, W. M. Corey, E. C. Cudworth, N. B. Douglass, T. Duchan, I. Farn ham, B. C. Jennings, E. T KeUogg, J. W. Knapp, E. Laundre, W. A. Mead, B. Moriarty, S. I. Northrup, P. Sangrah, A. M. Smith, C. Spaulding, J. Q. Stickney, A. J. Towner, D. J. Wright. Furnished under draft — Paid commutation, H. A. Bascom, A. J. Carr, E. E. Cudworth, R. S. Kellogg, G. L. Moore, J. Newell, M. Piatt, C. C. Rich, J. V. Sanford, C. B. Williams. Procured substitute, E. N. Bissell, J. Frost, H. W. Jones, J. S. Jones, H. C. Mead, P. T. Wolcott Present Officers. — The town officers of Shoreham, elected at the March meeting of 1885, are as follows : Town clerk, C. W. Howard, M.D.; selectmen, D. C. Smith (since deceased), L. E. Moore, K. W. Merritt ; hsters, J. N. North, Frank Moore, E. G. Farnham ; overseer of the poor, Myron Piatt ; constable, Elmer Barnum (with jurisdiction of the State) ; auditors, M. Piatt, E. Barnum, I. B. Rich ; fence viewers, H. W. Jones, E. Barnum, M. Piatt ; school commit tee (Newton Academy), L. E. Moore, James Forbes, H. W. Jones; treasurer and trustee of public money, V. Rich ; agent to prosecute and defend suits in which the town is interested, H. W. Jones ; grand juror, Irving B. Rich ; super intendent of common schools, C. W. Howard. Population Statistics. — The following figures give the population of the town at the several dates when the United States census has been taken : 1 791, 721 ; 1800, 1,447; 1810, 2,033; 1820, 1,881; 1830, 2,137; 1840, 1,675; 1850, 1,601; i860, 1,382; 1870, 1,225; 1880, 1,354. municipal history. The Center. — The towns of New England were generally laid out by the proprietors and settled by the earliest inhabitants with a view to the erection of a village at the " center of the town." This plan has many advantages, as the place for holding town meetings, the building of houses of worship, the establishment of stores, and the opening of inns, being equidistant from the four corners of the orthodox township, afford equal facilities to all the inhabit ants. It often happens, however, that the water privileges and available sites and manufacturing enterprises are situated at one side ; the stores follow the shops, and the center of business activity is thus separated from the " center of the town." Otherwise all the towrts would need and have but one village and one post-office. This is exemplified in Shoreham ; for though the Center wiU always maintain the importance due to its territorial position, it wiU have an able rival in RichviUe, because of its manufacturing importance, as it formerly Town of Shoreham. 621 had at Larabee's Point and Watch Poirtt by reasort of their commercial advan tages. The first house at the Center was built of logs by George Leonard as early as 1786, and stood on the site of the house now occupied by Levi Wolcott. About 1798 he built the frame house now occupied by Richard H. Preble. He was a rtative of Germarty, and a soldier in Burgoyne's army. He was a tailor, and for years the only one in town. Early Merchants. — The first regular store at the Center was opened in 1802 by Thomas J. Ormsbee, from Warwick, Mass., who did a good business for about two years. Other early merchants here were Alvin and William Wol cott, about 1804 artd '05 ; Barzillai and Eleazur Cary, from 1808 to '19; Dr Luther Newcomb, from 1805 to '15 ; Spaulding Russell where Lynde Catlin now lives, from 1818 to '27; Truman TurriU, from 18 16 to '23; Samuel H. and John Holley, one or two years following 1819; Ansel Chipman, about 1820; Perez Sanford in the same place previously; Hiram Everest, from 18 16 to about '31; David Hill, James TurriU, aud Levi Thomas, from 1830 to '32; Moses Seymour, 1829-30; Delano, Hitchcock & Co., from 1830 to '32 ; A. C. & E. S. Cathrt, from 1832 to '36; Kent Wright, from 1832 to '49; E. S. & L. Catlin, a short time in 1839; Atwood & Jones, from 1843 to '46; E. S. At wood, for many years after 1846; Brookins & Birchard, 1849 to '50; union store, from 185 1 to '58; Wright & Hall, 1858 and '59; HaU & Hunsden, 1859. The store now occupied by C. N. North was built by Kent Wright about 1838, and was occupied by Brookins & Birchard, the union store, E. S. Atwood, Atwood & Son, H. M. Atwood. About 1867 Mr North went into partnership with H. M. Atwood, and in 1870 assumed the sole management of the business. In the spring of 1880 C. B. KendaU began keeping a hardware and general store below the hotel. In February, 1883, he came into the buUd ing now occupied by himself artd partner K. W. Merritt came in with him in April, 1885. The building is an old store, having been formerly occupied by A. B. Cathn. It was bulk by Hall & Hunsden. The Professions. — The first lawyer in town was Moses Strong, who prac ticed at RichviUe from about 1800 to '10, when he removed to Rutiand. Sam uel H. Holley practiced at the Center from 1809 to '21, when he removed to Middlebury. Udney H. Everest practiced here from 1812 to '45. Samuel Wolcott contirtued in practice here from 1821 to February 28, 1828, the date of his death. Albert G. White practiced here from 1845 to '47. Charies K. Wright was here from 1847 to '55. There are now no attorneys in town. The first regular physician in town, Dr. Timothy Page, came from Troy, N. Y., in 1788 or '89. He died here in 18 10. Others who have been in prac tice here in earlier days were Tyler Stickney, from 1798 to 1800 or 1801 ; John McLaren, 1792 to 1800; John Wilson, at RichviUe, from 1801 to '22 ; Erastus Blinn, from about 18 19 to '42 ; William H. Larabee, a short time in 40 622 History of Addison County. 1802; Nicanor Needham, from 1808 to '47; Caleb Hill, from 1826 or '27 to '33 ; Nelson G. Chipman, from 1833 to '34; WiUiam A. Hitchcock, for more than thirty-five years following 1824; David E. Page, from 1842 to '56. The physicians now engaged in practice in Shoreham are Drs. Piatt and Howard. Dr William N. Piatt was born at Ertosburgh, Vt, on the 7th of October, 1849. He received his general education at the Plattsburgh (N. Y.) Academy, and Hobart CoUege, in Geneva, N. Y. He was graduated from the medical department of the University of Vermont, at Burlington, in the spring of 1869, and then took a post-graduate course in New York city. He began to practice in Shoreham in 1870. On the 23d of November, 1880, he was united in marriage with Lizzie L., daughter of Samuel O. Jones, of Shoreham. By virtue, of his thorough medical education, scholarly attainments, and fideUty to business he has achieved a highly honorable position among the members of his profession in the county and State. He is president of the Addison County Medical Society, having been elected to that position in 1881. Dr Charles W. Howard was born on the 4th of December, 1845, at Windham, Vt. He was graduated from Middlebury CoUege in 1872, and from the Med ical University of Vermont, at Burlington, in 1874. He practiced a year in the hospital in Hartford, Conn., after which he came to Shoreham in 1876. He has also won a high position in the esteem of his feUow townsmen. Hotel. — The hotel at the Center was erected in the year 1800 by Joseph MiUer, who sold it in 1 802 to Thomas J. Ormsbee. He occupied it as a resi dence and store uutil 1804, after which it changed owners quite frequently. From 1828 to his death in 1845 Robert R. Hunsden kept it as a pubhc house. During this period it was known as the Hunsden Hotel. Colonel F. M. WU- cox, Mr. Ensign, George L. Deming, and A. J. Bennett followed until 1880, when the present landlord, D. J. Wright, came into possession. The property is now owned by a stock company composed of men who live in the town. RichviUe. — The vicinity of the present little hamlet of RichviUe was in early years long popularly known as Hackley-burnie. The establishment of the first mills at this place has already been mentioned. In 1785 Thomas Rich purchased the land around the falls at the upper dams, and built a house a little east of the school-house on the south side of the valley, moving into it with his family in 1786. The site is now occupied by David Larrow. He built the saw-miU in 1786. In 1788 Jacob Atwood built a log house four or five rods southwest from the dwelling house (now) of James Knapp, and brought his famUy in the fol lowing year. Two or three years later he built a forge at the north end of the dam, which was soon burned and rebuilt Here he begau blacksmithing. Soon after this a forge of four fires was built about four or five rods farther down, furnished with two sets of bellows worked by water, and a trip-hammer Russel Harrington did smithing irt this buUding with two of the fires, and Town of Shoreham. 623 built his dwelling house on the hillside to the north. People used to come here for smithing from Bridport and across the lake. Nathaniel Atwood worked at blacksmithing for Jacob, and lived on the place now owned artd oc cupied by Horace D. Littiejohn. Ebenezer Markham in 1797 built a nail fac tory and trip-hammer shop on the north side of the upper dam, afterward used for clothiers' works. Two large logs were thrown across from this shop to the saw-mill, and for years used for a foot-bridge. The same year John B. Catiin erected a house on the site now occupied by Mrs. John Chadwick, which was soon after burned by the slacking of some lime stored in the building. Ira Hickok built a part of the house now occupied by George Littiejohn. The place, it will be seen, had considerable importance before 1800, and it retained its prestige until after the building of the railroad from Burlington to Rutiand. It is even yet a hvely place. E. S. Newell, who was born on the 23d of Au gust, 1 8 12, on the farm now owned by Nazro Northrup's estate, about two miles north of RichvUle, and came here in December, 1847, states that the viUage did about the same business then as now, but had not so many houses. Present Business. — The butter-tub factory and saw-miU of Cook Bros. (A. J., H. C, and Charles) is the successor to an industry established by E. S. Newell in 1853, when he also erected the building. He first manufactured horse plows, threshing machines, and shingle machines here, and in 1 862 added to the lists of his products the Newell mowing machine. About 1880 he be gan to make butter- tubs and barrels. He sold out to Cook Brothers on the 1st of April, 1884. The grist-mUl now owned and operated by H. A. Lyman was built by Ezra Rich as early as 183 1 or '32. Thurman Rich followed him, and Virtulon and John Rich followed Thurman. In 1870 Mr. Lyman became owner He bought the saw-miU a few years ago of Denno & Peltier. The building now occupied by E. H. Lyman, in the manufacture of axe-helves, is one of the oldest in town, having in former days been used as a carding- mill. Mr. Lyman started his business here about six years ago. L. CoUette has done blacksmithing in RichviUe for twenty-one years, and has occupied his present shop more than ten. Mercantile. — The first store kept in RichviUe was about 1795, by John B. Cathn. The next store was kept from 1799 to March, 181 1, by Charles Rich, in the old house next east from the grist-mill. Page & Thrall kept a store in this village from 181 1 to '13; Davis Rich from 181 5 to '21; D. & G. Rich from 1833 to '51. A part of the old store of Charles Rich stUl stands at the rear of the store now kept by I. B. Rich. This store was kept irt 1 860 by Henry Rich and Martin L. Royce, as the firm of Royce & Rich, until about 1862. Royce bought out his partner and remained until 1864, when he went West, selling to Gasca Rich, now of Middlebury, who conducted the business alone until 1869. His son, Irving B., the present proprietor, then became his partner About 1878 the firm name became, by the addition of Charies T. 624 History of Addison County. Birchard to the business. Rich & Birchard. On the 1st of April, 1880, I. T. Rich assumed the entire management of the business. Larabee's Point. — Before the opening of raUroads on both sides ofthe lake had shifted the channels of traffic and reduced the commercial importance of the lake, Larabee's Point was a place of considerable importance. The first store kept here or in town was by George and Alexander Trimble, who began about 1789 and continued until about 1800. Soon after this, about 1802, James Rossman opened a store which he kept for two or three years. Abiel Man ning had one from 1826 to '28 or '29. Joseph Weed was here from 1828 to '30. Afterward in different years have been Walter Chipman & Co., Azel Chipman, P. W. Collins & Rockwell, John B. Chipman, and Abbott & Brown. In 1799 a ferry was incorporated here to John S. Larabee, who had run one since 1787; in 1812 James Barker had the ferry; in 18 18 John S. Larabee again received a charter from the Legislature. The ferry still remains, being the only steam ferry in the county. "Zeb" Martin, the proprietor, has been in possession about three years. The only other business now in progress here is the steam saw-miU, owned and operated by Richard Leonard, built in the summer of 1885, and turning out a large amount of work; and the United States Hotel. The old tavern, which John S, Larabee bought of Thomas Rowley in 1787 and enlarged, and which was burned in 1838, stood on the site ofthe present hotel. The United States Hotel was built by Samuel H. Holley and B. B. Brown. Among those who have kept it in the past were H. S. Gale, Dennis Teazey, A. P. Cutting, F. B. KimbaU, Farr & KimbaU. A, C. Farr, the present proprietor, has been in possession alone for about ten years. There is a large deposit of black marble on this point, which in early days was worked to some extent by Dr. E. W. Judd, of Middlebury. In 185 1 the Shoreham Marble Company was incorporated, consisting of Nathaniel Harris and Henry L. Sheldon, to work the old "Judd Marble Quarry." The quarry is not now worked. Watch Point, two miles north of Larabee's Point, was also quite an impor tant point at one time. A ferry crossed the lake there until recent years. The building of the wharf at Watch Point was commenced about 1825. A smaU storehouse was commenced the same year, and business on a small scale was done by William S. Higley, until about 1828. The wharf was afterward en larged, and business was done by TurriU & Walker from 1828 to '31, and continued from 183 1 to '34 by M. W. Birchard, by whom the business of slaughtering and packirtg beef was begun. John Simonds purchased the place in 1835, and by him the business of packing beef for market was extended and continued for years, constituting one of the leading business enterprises of the time in the State. The steamboats have sometimes touched at Watch Point A stage was run here for a single season. There is no business of any kind there now. The place is owrted by John S. Leonard. Town of Shoreham. 625 Post-offices. — The mail was first carried through this town on horseback once a week, until a stage was put on by Comstock, of Whitehall, between that place and Vergertnes, about 18 16 or '17. The mail was then delivered tri weekly. After the establishment of the post-office at Larabee's Point a daily mail was received. The stage to Middlebury commenced about 1826. The first post-office was kept at a tavern at the Four Corners, on the Basin Harbor road, and corttinued there until the turnpike road was opened and the third postmaster opened his office at the present hotel place at the Center Since the establishment ofthe first post-office at the Center, in 1806, the following post masters have served: Barzillai Carey, 181 1; Perez S. Sanford, 1819; Udney H. Everest, 1820; Hiram Everest, 1820; Moses Seymour, 1827; David HiU, 1830; Edmund B. Hill, 1833; Asaph Brookins, 1849; Thomas H. Goodhue, 185 1 ; Edwin S. Atwood, 1855; Charles Hunsden, 1859. A. C. HaU followed Hunsden. Then followed George L. Deming, Ira G. Bascom, C. C. Nichols, C. N. North, and the present incumbent, appointed in the fall of 1885, R. H. Preble. The first post-office at Larabee's Point was established on the 3d of February, 183 1, when Walter Chipman received the appointment H. F. Johns succeeded him November 17, 1837. On December 19, 1838, the office was discontinued, but was re-established on June 8, 1840, by the appointment of James H. Chipman. Charles W. Larabee followed March i, 1842. On the 1 3th of the next month the office was again discontinued, but was re-established July 23, 1849, by the appointment of Charles S. Abbott October i, 1849, Charles W. Larabee was appointed, and on the loth of January, 1852, Henry S. Gale became his successor. The present postmaster, W. C. Larabee, has kept the office in the hotel ever since Gale left it The office at RichviUe was estabUshed about i860, when M. L. Royce was appointed. Gasca Rich suc ceeded him in 1864, and still holds the office through his deputy, I. B. Rich, who oversees the distribution of mail. Agricultural. — From the first settlement of the towrt the people, with few exceptions, were devoted to agricultural pursuits. Most of the early settlers came here poor, With means barely sufficient to purchase fifty or one hundred acres of land. At an early day they had to struggle on through many difficul ties ; but by persevering industry and economy most of them in a few years became independent, and a few of them wealthy farmers. At an early day a market was opened for lumber at Quebec. Many of the early settlers employed their winters in drawing immense quantities of pine logs and square timber to the lake, to be sawn into deal or plank three inches thick, which were floated in rafts through Lake Champlain, and down the Sorel and St. Lawrence to that mart. It was but a small compensation which the laborer received for his time and toil, though he was ultimately enriching himself by clearing his lands and thus extending the area of cultivation. The oak timber was cut and squared, or split into staves, and was sent in the same direction for a market Before the forests were cleared the quantities of these two kinds of 626 History of Addison County. timber were immense, and the farmer at an early day was essentially aided in bringing his lands into a state of cultivation, by devoting his wirtter seasons to the timber business. From the year 1783 to '91 the productions of the land were mostly wanted for home consumption. Wheat was the principal production at that early day, and, as there was little money in circulation, contracts were mostly made to be paid in that article, or in neat cattle. From the year 1797 to 18 10 wheat was the principal staple of the farmer. During this period the high prices caused by the wars in Europe brought him a rich reward for his labors. The restric tions put upon our commerce about the year 18 10, however, seriously embar rassed this branch of industry. Previous to the last war with Great Britain very few sheep had been kept In the suspense of importatious caused by that war, and the restrictive meas ures which preceded it, more wool was wanted for domestic use and to supply the infant manufactures to which that war had given rise. The common wool of the country suddenly rose as high as one dollar per pound. The high price of the article stimulated the farmers to increase their flocks, and a general de sire was awakened to make wool-growing a leading business. The interest of the farmer soon prompted him to take measures to improve the quality of his staple, in order to meet the demands for the finer fabrics. (For further detaUs of the sheep interest in this town, see the chapter upon that subject) Cream Hill Stock Farm, located in the northern part of the town, on the hill which gave it its name, contains 730 acres of land, purchased by A. C. Harris in 1 864. It is made up of the old farms of Hiram Rich and Bela Howe. It was originally intertded to be a horse stock farm, and was the home of the famous stallion Daniel Lambert Reuben S. Denny and Benjamin E. Bates owned it at different times. It is now a Holstein cattle farm. The farm being part of the Benjamin E. Bates estate, is under the management of the administrator, H. B. Hammond, of New York city. About twenty head of imported Holstein cattle are now kept on the place. F. and L. E. Moore have recently been buying and raising an improved breed of shorthorn cattle, and now have about a dozen head. E. N. Bissell, of East Shoreham, has been investing in five or six head of Galloway cattle, and promises to do well by them. Masonic. — Simond's Lodge, No. 59, was chartered January 9, 1862, with the following first officers : George L. Deming, W. M.; j. N. North, S. W.; H. C. Holley, J. W.; W. C. Simonds, treasurer; J. M. Bishop, secretary; C. J. Moore, S. D.; J. S. Ward, J. D., and W. H. Keefe, tiler It now has a mem bership of fifty-eight. (See chapter on secret societies.) ecclesiastical. Previous to the Revolution there were no religious meetings held in the town ; but a few years after, ministers of the Congregatiortal and Baptist de- Town of Shoreham. 627 nominations occasionally visited the people and preached to them. The ear hest preaching of which there is any account was by Elder Samuel Skeels, a Baptist minister, who came here in 1788 or '89, and remained about three years. In the year 1791 the Rev. Joel West preached for some time in this town. Ort the 9th of January, 1792, in a town meeting, a motion was adopted — " That Rev. Joel West be requested to preach in this town for the term of four Sabbaths from this date, on probation, provided a subscription be raised to his satisfaction in compensation for his services." On the 24th of Jartuary a towu meeting was held, and acted on the follow ing articles in the warning : 2d. " To form a religious constitution according to the rights of Christianity, to govern such inhabitants, and if they please to give Mr. Joel West a call to settle with them as their minister, and to invite him to join them in such relig ious constitution or compact. 3d. " To agree on measures for his support 4th. " To choose a committee of the inhabitants and church, or separate committees from each body, to confer on measures respecting uniting said bodies in one compact, and report their doirtgs to the town and church for their acceptance, if they please." The only action taken on these articles at this meeting was the appoint ment of a committee of six persons — "To form a Religious Constitution agreeable to the rights of Christianity " — consisting of Ephraim Doolittle, Thomas Rowley, Josiah Pond, Thomas Barnum, Doctor Page, and James Moore. In March, 1794, the people were favored with the labors of Rev. Ammi R. Robbins and Rev. Peter Starr, missionaries from Connecticut On the 25th of that month the Congregational Society was organized, with fifteen members. The church was thus favored with missionaries until 1805, when, on the 26th of December, Rev. Evans Beardsley was ordained the first pastor of this church, and retained the position until May, 1 809. The first church edifice was erected at Shoreham viUage, of wood, with a seating capacity for 1,000 persons, and cost over $6,000. In 1846 this structure gave place to the present handsome edifice, buUt of brick, seventy-two by fifty-four feet, and finished with best materials inside and out. It will comfortably accommodate 500 persous, and is valued, including grounds, at $10,000. The present pastor is Rev. Mr Curtiss. The Baptist Churcli was organized June 2, 1794, with fifteen members — eight males and seven females — and appointed Eli Smith deacon. Rev. Abel Woods was ordained pastor February 26, 179S, and continued to preach with them untU 181 1. During his residence in Shoreham 170 members were added to the society. For some time this organization has suspended the holding of regular meetings. 628 History of Addison County. The Universalist Society at Shoreham village was organized in 1806, with Rev. Richard Corrigue as pastor, who remained until 18 14. Worship was held in the district school-houses till the academy building was finished, when this building was used until 1852. A comfortable brick edifice was then erected at a cost of about $4,000, which was burned in January, 1885. The present house of worship has just been completed at a cost of $4,000. The society now meets every four weeks, services being conducted by Rev. S. A. Parker, of Bethel. The Methodist Society at Shoreham village is supposed to have been organ ized about the year 1804 or '05 by Jabez Barnum, Samuel Ames, and others. Nothing definite can be arrived at, as the early records have been lost. The society has never owned a church edifice, and since the erection of the Y. M. C. A. chapel in 1859, has used that building, haviug a free lease of it as long as it stands. They have at present no regular pastor, and do rtot hold regular meetings. Rev. Perry Marshall, of Bridport, occasionally preaches to them. The St. Genevieve Catholic Church, located at Shoreham village, was organ ized in 1873, with 150 members. During that year the present edifice, of wood, was constructed, which wUl seat 500 persons, and is valued at $6,000. Rev. Father Coffey, of Orwell, the present pastor, has under his care a congre gation of 300 members. CHAPTER XXXIII. HISTORY OF THB TOWN OF STARKSBORO. THE town of Starksboro lies in the northeasterrt corner of the county, and is bounded on the north by the north line of the county ; east by the east ern county line ; south by Lincoln and Bristol, and west by Bristol and Monk- ton. It was granted by Vermont to David Bridia and sixty-seven others, November 9, 1780. According to the charter deed it included a tract of 18,- 500 acres, which, with the usual five rights reserved for public purposes, was to be divided into seventy-three shares of 272 acres each. On March 4, 1797. however, this area was increased by the annexation of 2,726 acres from the town of Monkton, so that Starksboro now has within its boundary hmits 21,- 226 acres. The surface of the township is rough and mountainous, many parts being unfit for cultivation for this reason. Upon its western border hes the long, lofty elevation known by the suggestive title of Hogback Mountain, which slopes abruptly into the valley of Lewis Creek. From this valley eastward the lartd rises by a series of gradually asceudirtg hills to another lofty ridge in the Town of Starksboro. 629 eastern part of the town, known as East Mountain. This elevation extends in a broken, irregular manner through nearly the whole length of the town, hav ing a precipitous descent on the east towards Huntington River, which flows for a short distance within the limits of the town. Lewis Creek has its source in the northern part of Bristol, whence it flows north through the western parts of Starksboro and Monktort into Chittenden county, where it finally turns south into this county again, and finds its way into the lake a short distance north of the mouth of Otter Creek. The stream affords some good mUl sites here and drains a fine fertile valley. It has many smaU tributaries which come rushing down from the highlands of the east, upon one of which is located the vUlage of Starksboro, This stream is formed by the confluent waters of three springs which are not more than twenty rods apart, and which unite after flowing a short distance. Not more than half a mile from its head this stream once turned the wheels of a saw-miU, fuUing-mUl, two forges, and two trip-hammer shops. These have long since passed away, though the village has several manufacturing interests to take their place. Baldwin Creek rises in the south eastern part of the town, and, enlarged by several tributaries, flows west into Bristol. These streams and mountains have exerted a large influence in the arrangement of the highway system of the town, which is very irregular, and the roads very crooked. The soil is mostly loam, and produces to a good per centage the grains and fruits indigenous to this latitude, and also furnishes pas turage for large herds and flocks, as wool growing and stock breeding are the principal occupations of the inhabitants. The timber is principally hard wood, with some spruce, hemlock, and cedar, and, owing to the many exceUent facih ties afforded, lumbering is carried on quite extensively. Early Settlement. — The settlement of Starksboro was begun by George Bidwell and Horace Kellogg. They located in the northern part of the town. Mr. Bidwell resided on his farm fifty-two years. The farm is now occupied by F. N. Hill and owned by Mrs. Sarah A. Strong, widow of the late I. L. Strong, who was assistant county judge here from 1872 to '74. A portion of the old house, which served as the first hotel in the town, still remains, a part of the present farm house. The foUowing sketch of Mr. Bidwell's settlement is furnished by his grand son, S. W. Bidwell, of East Middlebury : " George Bidwell was born in Hart ford, Conn., October 7, 1756, and was the fifth from the first emigrant from England — viz., first, John; second, John; third, David; fourth, Amos; fifth, George. At about nineteen years of age he enlisted in the Revolutionary War and was a baker, at Ticonderoga, N. Y. In the year 1782 he was married to Sarah Sedgwick, born in Hartford, Conn., September, 1760. They had seven children — Chester, Lucy, Sarah, Nancy, Amanda, and George. George Bid- weU started from Connecticut in August, 1787, in company with Horace Kel logg, to seek a new home in Vermont They stopped in Starksboro, Vt It 630 History of Addison County. was then three miles from the nearest dweUing in Monkton. They camped east of where the buildings are uow, ort the Bidwell place where the old or chard is. They cut over two acres, laid up the body of a log hut, and then returned to Cortrtecticut. In March, 1787, George Bidwell started from Con necticut with his family, wife and two children, Chester and Lucy. They ar rived at Monkton the last week in March, when a heavy fall of snow prevented their progress for two weeks. He then proceeded to Lewis Creek, over which he buUt a bridge. On the 7th of April, 1787, they arrived upon their pitch, taking the location where the house ort the old place now is. They set up all the sled boards and some barks, which served them for two weeks, when a bet ter shelter was provided. For four weeks after their arrival it snowed or rained every day, and during this time Mr. Bidwell suffered from an attack of pneumonia. The next spring a small farm house was put up, and later an ad dition, which frame is that of the house now standing on the place. - His pur chase was three-fourths of a mUe wide on the road and ran back to the mount ain. Mr. Bidwell was a cooper, and turned his ware to an account. The spring of 1788 was a hard one. Starvation stared them in the face. The crop of the previous year was cut off, and they had to resort to every resource for relief; the trout from the brook were a help, but there was no bread. I have heard my father say that he cried for bread. But some of his ware was carried to Vergennes, thirteen miles, where he obtained one peck of bran to make the sorrowing family rejoice. Mr. Bidwell's father, Amos, had heard of his son's sufferings, and Captain Storrs, from Middlebury, was at Hartford, Conn., when Amos Bidwell sought to cover the strait by sending his son George a woman's stocking filled with silver dollars. When Captain Storrs arrived at Middlebury he sent word to his son, who, not knowing the cause, left home at early dawn and reached Middlebury before dinner, twenty-one miles, by a marked road. On entering Captain Storrs's the stocking was presented, and he took dinner and returned to his suffering family. About 1795 his house was opened as a public "inn," where travelers were entertained until about 1820. The land lord and lady were among the best of caterers. Chester, the eldest son, was married January 25, 1806, to Cynthia Ross, and lived three-fourths of a mile from his father, on the same tract of land, and raised nine children, of whom four are uow living. Until 1840, parents and children and grandchildren all lived on the same land, and an hour's time could gather all together. George BidweU died on April 7, 1840, aged eighty-four; his wife in 1843, aged eighty- three ; the former at his home where he had settled, the latter at her son Chester's, on the original pitch of lartd, which was kept in the family name for ninety years. The son Chester preceded her in death ; he died February 27, 1842, aged fifty-nine. The subjects of this history left a good record. George was of the Puritan Congregational order, and his wife of the Methodist order Mr. Bidwell was a mart above the ordinary height, and possessed force and enter- Town of Starksboro. 631 prise. He shared in the towrt offices until he refused to serve his townsmen. He had an open, generous heart, and never let the poor leave him unrewarded. He would lay up a store of grain and deal it out to the poor, waiting until they could come (if ever) to work for the same. " Horace Kellogg, who came with Mr Bidwell, pitched on the farm south of of Bidwell's, known as the William Hanson farm, and now occupied by Mark G. Hansort." At about the same date as the settlement of BidweU and Kellogg, Johrt Ferguson located in the vicinity of the present viUage at Starksboro, building his house in what was the town of Monkton. He subsequently represented that town in the Legislature three years, and then, becoming impressed with the fact of the inconvenience it caused the people east of Hogback Mountain to reach the business center of that town, used his influence towards getting a tract lying west of the mountain annexed to Starksboro. His endeavors were successful, as mentioned on another page, making him a resident of this town. He was chosen the first representative in 1 798, and was continued in the office many years. His original farm included a large part of what is now the site of the village of Starksboro, and the water privilege of the springs, to which he added the waters of a small stream by tunneling through a hill, and here erected the first grist-mill and fulling-mill in the town, and also operated a forge and trip-hammer shop. His descendants to the fifth generation are now oc cupying portions of the old farm. Among these are his grandsons, George W. and David Ferguson. Warner Pierce, from HoUis, N. H., cleared a farm just north of Bidwell's, where John A. Brooks now lives, and was elected clerk at the organization of the town. He was a second cousin to President Franklin Pierce, and died here in March, 18 12, aged forty-five years. His eldest daughter, Mrs. S. Kins ley, now resides with a family in Monkton. During that year, also, Thomas V. Rotenburgh commenced a settlement on the Monkton portion, these consti tuting the entire population in 1789. Philander Orvis, from Norwalk, Conn., purchased one hundred acres of land in the southern part of the town, upon which he settled soon after in the dense wilderness and began improvements. Subsequently he found that his title was not valid, and had to re-purchase his farm. He married Phebe Chase, who bore him seven chUdrert, four of whom lived to maturity. The youngest, Joshua, now occupies the homestead, and Joel, the eldest, resides near by. Loren Orvis, brother of Philander, was the first settler in Lincoln, locating upon the farm now owned by Hiram Hamner Ohver White, a pensioner of the Revolution, born in Canaan, Court,, July 25, 1764, settled here in 1790, locating upon the farm now owned by John Ladoo. At this time the nearest mills were at Vergennes, and the only road into town a blazed bridle-path. Amortg the early settlers land was considered 632 History of Addison County. of little worth unless the timber was entirely of a hard- wood growth. In pass ing through Bristol Mr. White found land for sale very cheap, artd some im provements made there; but for the reasons just stated passed on to the hills of Starksboro to make his home. His son Augustus was engaged in trade at Starksboro village for many years; also did business as a drover, and was deputy sheriff for a long time. Almort, brother to Augustus, boru November 15, 1790, lived Ort the homestead until 1885, and now resides with his daugh ter, Mrs. Cornelius Ladoo. Richard Worth was one of the early settlers, and drafted the first town plan on parchment. He was town clerk, constable, etc., many years, and died March 4, 1858, aged eighty- eight years. William Worth succeeded to the estate, con sisting of a large tract of land lying at the southern end of the vUlage, and now divided into three farms. He also succeeded to his position as one of the principal men of the town, and was hortored with most of the offices in the gift of his townsmen. He died March 14, 1881, aged eighty- two years. His widow, Mrs. Caroline Worth, occupies the farms. Richard Worth brought from Monkton and planted the first apple tree in the township. It was blown down in 1879, but a sprout from its roots is still growing. Robert Young, from Sheldon, Franklin county, Vt, came here in 1800, lo cating upon the farm now occupied by his grandson, Enoch H. Young. Mrs. Young was a desceudartt of an old New Hampshire family, and possessed a large amouut of physical courage. This fact was frequently demonstrated in their early days, on one occasion by her defending their pig-stye against an at tack by wolves, armed only with a pitchfork. Charles Purintort located in Lincoln in 1795, and built one of the first grist mills artd the first distillery irt that town. There are now thirteen famihes, numbering over 130 individuals, iu Lincoln and Starksboro, who annually meet in a "Purinton picnic." Samuel HiU, from Barnstead, N. H., moved his goods through the forest on a hand-sled in 1805, and located upon the farm now occupied by Patrick Leon ard and the latter's son-in-law, John Welch, in the locality now known as "Hillsboro." Here, three miles from any human habitation, he cut the first stick of timber on that farm. During his long life in Starksboro he held most of the town offices and was the first captain of militia. His son Richard reared a family of eleven children, ten of whom survive, their aggregate ages amount ing to over 566 years. Jonathan Dike, with his son, the late D. C. Dike, came to Starksboro in 1839 and purchased the farm now owned by the latter's son, Ezra C. Dike, of Bristol. The. farm was originally settled by Captairt David Kellogg. The resi dence thereon was used for many years as a hotel, the first one in the town, by Elisha Kellogg. Crispin Taft moved from Rutland to this town in 1830, locating upon the Town of Starksboro. 633 farm now owned by his son Samuel, where he died in June, 1868, aged seventy- four years. A short time previous to his death Mr. Taft requested that his body should be buried on a beautiful sugar-loaf shaped hill near the residence, about fifty rods back from the highway. Here his body rests beside that of his wife; their united graves, marked by a fine marble shaft enclosed by an iron fence, overlook the highway for a long distance north and south. Solomon Holcomb, who took an active part in the public affairs of the town, located about a mile south of the viUage, upon the farm now owned by Sylves ter Hill. In 1822 he exchanged this home for the one now occupied by Mrs. Cynthia Holcomb, where he died, and where his son, Samuel D., resided for fifty-severt years. Nathaniel Chaffee, born in Rhode Island in 1758, served all through the Revolution, and afterwards received a pension until the passage of the act pro hibiting from so doing all who possessed property above a certain value. Henry D. Chaffee has now in his possession some of the old Continent-al money paid Nathaniel by the army paymaster. He settled in Starksboro at an early date, near the farm located upon by George Bidwell, where he died in 1826, aged sixty-eight years. Many of his descendants now reside in the town. Anson Hallock came to Starksboro in 1836 and located far back in the southeastern part of the town, on the margin of "Big Beaver Meadow," the old farm being now included within that owned by his son, Ovet Hallock. Many remains of beaver dams are still to be found here, and in early days numbers oT these industrious animals were killed here. Ira Hallock, third son of Anson, located upon the farm now owned by his widow. The streams from this farm find their way on the south to Otter Creek, and on the north into Onion River. Edwin Knight, from Farmington, N. H., located in 1807 upon the farm now owned by Hubert T. Casey, where he resided until his death. Only one of his eleven children, Benjamin L., remained in the town, and was elected suc cessively representative, justice, and selectman. He died in 1880, aged seven ty-nine years. One of his notable characteristics was strong antipathy to Free masonry, never losing an opportunity for assailing the order. Joseph Brown came to Starksboro from New Hampshire in 1807. His son Joshua was already here, having come on with Samuel Hill, for whom he worked one year and with the money thus earned purchased a hundred acres of land and built a log house upon it in 1 807. WiUiam, Ephraim, Jonathan, and Jacob Brown aU came soon after, locating near Joshua ; and this portion of the town was long thereafter known as " Brownsboro." Samuel Thompson, from New Hampshire, came to this town in 1809, lo cating upon the farm now owned by John Garlin. Six of his thirteen children are now living. David Mason, from Northfield, Conn., came to Starksboro in 18 17, locating on " Mason Hill," upon the farm now owned by Benjamin F. EUison. Two 634 History of Addison County. of his nine chUdren now reside in the town. Benjamin M. EUison, father of Benjamin F., came on from Northfield during the same year and still resides here with his son. Asahel Fuller came to this town from Connecticut in 1807, locating upon the farm now owned by Myron SmaU. He was the first settler in the north eastern part of the town. His son Josiah occupied the farm nearly all his life, and Josiah's grartdsons stiU reside thereon. Jethro Stokes came to Starksboro in 181 2, locating upon the farm now owned by his son Justus. Eight of his fourteen children now reside in the town. A. W. Bostwick's residence, built by Samuel Hall in 1792, is the oldest house in the town. Among the early settlers other than those we have mentioned were the fol lowing, with the locations selected by them : Abram BushneU, upon the farm now occupied by the widow of his grandson, Samuel D. Holcomb ; Paul Blazo, who located upon the farm now occupied by Carlton HiU (has no de scendants in the towrt, though a grauddaughter lives in Lincoln and a grand son in Bristol) ; James Hedding, father of Bishop Hedding, and grandfather of G. W. and David Ferguson, located about half a mile south of the village, upon the farm now occupied by Rodman Hill; Abraham Hall, jr., lived on the farm now occupied by Hiram Chaffee ; Ezekiel Hill about half a mile north of the village, where Sylvanus Hill now lives ; SUas Knapp located upon a farm on the Monkton line ; Jairah Swift (married an auut of G. W. Ferguson, Han nah Ferguson) located in the present village ; Daniel Heath located in South Starksboro ; Ebenezer W. Allen lived in the village ; Andrew Meeder located upon the place now occupied by Henry Dike ; Joshua Varney located north of the village, upon the place now occupied by Justin Hill ; Jacob Latham, about two miles north of the village ; William Latham located at the village as a tailor; Aaron G. Blodgett located in the eastern part of the town, near Moses Smith's ; Daniel Kellogg located about two miles south of the village, upon the place now owned by Ezra Dike, of Bristol ; Elijah Kellogg, brother of Daniel, located upon the farm just north ; Enos Persons, upon the place now occupied by Henry M. Hill ; William Worth located about a mile and a half west of the village, upon the farm now owned by John Teft ; Joseph S. Bunker located on Gay HiU, upon the farm now owned by William Briggs; Ezra Maxfield, southeast of the village, upon the place owned by Patrick Leonard ; Captain Oliver Dexter was a blacksmith at the south village ; Joseph Jackson located near Richard Worth, to whom he was related ; Andre E. Hol comb lived irt the southeru part of the village (left here for Iowa about 1870, and died there in 1885); Benjamin Farrand, irt the northeastern part of the town, upon the farm now owned by Myron Small ; Samuel Munger located south of the village, upon the place now owned by David Bostwick ; Shadrach Brownell located about two miles southwest of the viUage ; Joseph Chase Town of Starksboro. 635 settled in the southern part of the town ; Gilbert Bostwick, about where David Bostwick now lives ; Thomas Taber, in the locality known as " State's Prison," about a mile and a half north of the viUage ; Francis Carle, where John Grace now lives ; Asahel Wentworth kept a tavern in the viUage, where the widow Strong rtow lives ; Ebenezer Clifford, where his nephew, Ebenezer Stokes, now lives ; Ezekiel Husted, on the first farm north of the viUage ; Artemas Bassett, about half a mile south of the village, where Rodman Hill lives ; Aaron Wad leigh, on "Norton Hill," upon the place owned by Thomas Butler; Hibbard Morrill lived on " Shaker Hill," in the northeastern part of the town, where Mr Hulett now Uves; John Maxfield, between "Brown HiU" and "HiUs boro " ; Gideon Sawyer, in the northeastern part of the town, where Frank Drinkwater now resides ; Almon Atwood, uncle to C. W. Atwood, where Stephen Hansen now lives ; Joel Battey lived on the place now owned by Henry M. Hill ; Greenleaf Ring located on " Mason Hill," where Frank Zeno lives ; Elijah Cuthbert, who lately died in Wisconsin, located about half a mile north of the vUlage, upon the place now owned by Harvey Hill ; Jarvis Hoag, about half a mile north of the village, where Henry Dike now lives ; and Elias Hodgdon, in the northeast part of the town, upon the place now owned by Philip Dower. Town Organization. — The town was organized in March, 1796, when the following officers were elected : Warner Pierce, clerk ; Joseph Bostwick, Abram Bushnell, Luman Bronson, selectmen ; and Solomon Holcomb, con stable. The first justice of the peace was Samuel Darrow, appointed by the State in 1790; the first represerttative, John Ferguson, in 1798. Early Manufactures and Business Interests. — Thomas C, David, and Eph raim Morrison, brothers, came on from New Hampshire in 1808 and started a tannery on a branch of Baldwin Brook, a short distance above the Bristol hne. Subsequently they began the manufacture of rakes, doing all the work by hand, carrying their goods to market on horseback to Vergennes and New Haven. This was the commencement of the present rake factory. Nathan Morrison, now occupying the old homestead at the age of sixty-six years, says he can remember quite distinctly of riding to New Haven ort a horse behirtd his mother to vertd their wares. Nearly all the inhabitants of South Starks boro at that time were " Friends." About 1 8 19 Elisha Ferguson and Samuel BushneU built a forge below the village, upon the farm now owned by Hoel Sayles, and also had a furnace about half a mile east of the viUage, on the place now occupied by David Steady. Elisha also had a wheelwright shop in the dweUing now occupied by C. W. Atwood, where he also kept a store several years. David Ferguson now carries on the furnace business, having moved to his present locatiort about twenty years ago. John Ferguson owned a large tract of land where the viUage rtow is, and 636 History of Addison County. early built a saw-miU and grist-mill here. The grist-mill stood where his grandson's present carriage shop is, and the saw-mill just above, where O. D. Baldwin's saw-mill and butter-tub factory now is. Samuel Bushnell as early as 1 8 1 5 had a blacksmith shop where David Fer guson's furnace is, and a forge where O. D. Baldwin's cheese-factory now stands. Asahel Wentworth at an early date kept a hotel, and a shoe shop and tan nery, the latter upon the place where Milo Smith lives. E. D. Hall was an early trader opposite the presertt store of F. N. HiU. L. B. Munson and Mark More first occupied the building, coming from Bristol, and were succeeded by T. H. Kidder, and he by HaU. Augustus White was a merchant for many years occupying the present site of Atwood's store. He succeeded Zeno Worth, who had succeeded Smith & StoweU. Military. — Many of the early settlers of Starksboro had served in the Rev olutionary War, and when the War of 1 8 1 2 again called for patriotic deeds, they and their sons were not found wanting. In the late great war the town again responded to our country's calls, as is attested by the following list of her sons who served in the several Vermont regiments : Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : H. M. Bristol, R. M. Cari, J. H. Chaffey, S. H. Clark, L. Delong, R. Delong, A. J. Elliott, W. C. W. EUiott Z. Elliott, J. Fuller, D. Hill, W. D. HiU, H. Irish, F. James, G. W. James, J. S. McGiU, C. Montgomery, L. Nichols, G. H. Paine, W. S. Pierce, J. P. Ravlin, J. M. Remington, S. Rounds, T. Russell, J. Sheldon, C. Smith, N. Sprague, T. Sweenier, S. Taft, W. H. Taft, G. W. Varney. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls : Volunteers for three years. — A. J. Browrt, J. Carl, A. J. Crane, G. W. Cobb, J. N. Downer, R. L. Downer, P. Dwyer 3d, A. J. EUiott, J. H. Grace, J. Kim ball, F. W. Labar, E. L. Sawyer, H. Sayles, W. Scarborough, J. Sheldon, N. H. Shurtieff, J. M. Smith, J. M. Synyer, B. E. Stokes, A. L. Tart, F. C. Thomp son, B. Tucker. Volunteers for one year — S. B. Brown, J. V. Carpenter, J. Colby, A. C. Dearborn, G. W. Griffith, J. Haskins, E. H. James, L. Liberty, J. S. Moody, M. Noland, H. C. Russell, C. Smith, J. Sweet, W. P. Thompson, S. B. Thomp son, H. Whittemore, H. H. Wright • Volunteers re-enlisted. — R. Delong, J. Fuller, J. Golden, D. Hill, H. Irish, F. James, G. W. James, W. S. Pierce, L. Swinger Enrolled men who furnished substitutes. — B. W. BidweU, E. C. Dike, F. W. Hill, G. Somers. Not credited by name. — Three men. Town of Starksboro. 637 Volunteers for nine mortths. — J. Barton, G. O. ChamberUn, P. Coonety, C. D. Delong, H. C. Dike, P. Dwyer 3d, A. C. HiU, J. S. HUl, L. T. Hill, S. A. Jackson, A. C. Jacobs, U. D. Jacobs, W. C. Jacobs, J. H. Knowles, S. J. Ran dall, J. J. Rhodes, C. W. Ross, M. Ross, E. Rounds, M. RusseU, R. C. Sargeut, E. F. Sawyer, H. Sayles, S. Stone, J. Snyder, A. E. White, D. Wright. Furnished under draft. — Paid commutation, B. F. EUison, D. W. Fuller, C. Johnson, J. Hill, W. Hines, D. Orvis, H. C. RusseU, H. Sayles, M. Smith. Pro cured substitute, G. W. Brown, W. HiU, R. F. Livermore, J. H. Orvis. Present Town Officers. — The present town officers of Starksboro are as fol lows : C. L. Atwood, clerk and treasurer ; Wallace N. Hill, J. G. Fuller, and E. J. Purintort, selectmen ; Rodman R. HiU, overseer of the poor ; O. W. Fergu son and J. W. Orvis, constables ; J. M. Tyler, P. J. Smith, and Daniel H. Orvis, hsters ; W. B. Thompson, Lester G. Ferguson, and Benjamin E. Stokes, audi tors ; Sidney Bushnell, trustee of public money ; Elisha Rounds, Nathan Mor riU, and Abner Rawlin, .fence viewers ; Daniel H. Orvis and William Briggs, town grand jurors; James Hilton, inspector of leather; Almon White, jr, pound-keeper ; O. D. Baldwin, surveyor of wood, lumber, and shingles ; Sid ney Bushnell, agent ; and Henry Wade, John Orvis, Orange Stokes, B. F. Elli son, Sidney BushneU, and Andrew Dillort, school directors. In the spring of 1885 the town had sixteen school districts and fifteen com mon schools ; but at that time the town system of government was adopted, with directors as above. MUNICIPAL HIS'TORY. The settlements made where the present villages of the town are, together with the early manufacturing and business interests, have already been spoken of Starksboro village is located just north of the center of the town, upon a tributary of Baldwin's Creek. It has a saw-miU, carriage-shop, two blacksmith shops, a foundry, two churches (Methodist Episcopal and Freewill Baptist), two stores, one hotel, a grist-miU, cheese-factory, and about 100 inhabitants. Isaac StoweU, of the firm of Smith & StoweU, was the first postmaster here_ or at least the first one we have been able to trace. He was succeeded by August White, who held the office for many years, or until about 1835, when Ansel M. Hawkins became postmaster He retained the office about four years, when he resigned, to be succeeded by Elisha Ferguson, who retained the position until his death, and was succeeded by Lee Taft In 1852 Mr Haw kins again took the office, and has held it ever since. C. W. Atwood keeps a general store, where he has been located since 1 868, the buUding being a short time previous vacated by F. N. Hill. F. N. HUl began business in his present location in February, 1869, having previously occupied the building across the way about eighteen months. 41 638 History of Addison County. James L. Brooks opened the hotel here about nine years ago, previous to which time, for about eight years, there had been no hotel kept in the town, though Hoel Sayles kept transient guests in the house he still occupies. The old hotel building is occupied as a dweUing by Mrs, Sarah A. Strong. O. D. Baldwin's saw-mill employs two men and manufactures 5,000 butter- tubs and 2,000 to 3,000 cheese-boxes annually, besides considerable custom sawing. Mr B. has recently added a " provender-miU " for the accommoda tion of his townsmen, and also does some cooper work and operates a planing- mill. The water power is good, coming mostly from two springs that never fail even during the severest drought Mr Baldwin has also expended consid erable money irt building and stocking a trout pond. "^""~ -George W. Ferguson began the manufacture of carriages here in 183 1. From 1838 to '54 he had his cousin, Charles Ferguson, with him. He buUt the present shop in 1868. South Starksboro, or "Jerusalem," as it is locally known, is located in the southeastern part of the town, on Baldwin Creek. The post-office is located in the store of J. W. Orvis, where it has been about eight years. Previous to that, for about twenty years, it was kept near S. R. Cain's mill. The present postmaster is J. W. Orvis. S. R. Cain's stave-mill was built by him in the autumn of 1885. About four years ago he leased the old mill built by Harlow & Co. about twenty-five years ago, and on November 8, 1885, it was destroyed by fire, when he imme diately put up the present mill on its site. It has a thirty-five horse-power en gine, and he employs ten men, making about 12,000 staves per day. J. H. Orvis's rake factory, the only one in the county, was established in 1840 by P. & N. Morrison. Mr. Orvis employs five men and manufactures from 600 to 800 dozens of hand-rakes and 100 dozens drag- rakes in a season, besides several hundred dozens of fork and hoe-handles, etc. The larger part of the product is sold in the State of New York. Buell, Thompson & Co.'s tub manufactory was established in 1870, under the firm name of Buell & Morrison, since which time there have been various changes in ownership and firm title, till the adoption of the present. The busi ness now employs seven men, manufacturing 10,000 butter- tubs annually, which are largely sold to Vermont and New York parties, though some are sent to the West. Daniel Orvis has a saw-miU near the store, and below it a grist-mUl. The Professions. — Dr. Friend Hall in the early part of the century lived where Mr. Knight resides, at the village. Dr. Alfred Clark for many years lived here, where the Methodist Episcopal parsonage now is. Dr. Henry Wade, the present physician, was born February 20, 1852. He was graduated from the University of Vermont in 1879, and immediately be gan practice in Starksboro. He married Alice Norton, of Huntington, Vt, in July, 1880. Town of Starksboro. 639 Artsel M. Hawkins was born in Georgia, Vt., August 14, 1808, and came to Starksboro in 1832, having been admitted to the bar of Franklin county in Sep tember of that year He married Candice Rising, of Albany, N. Y., in 1833, who bore him three children and died in the spring of 1845. He subsequently married Sarah J. Mead, of this town, who has borne him two children, E. W. J. and Louise, the latter Mrs. George L. Wells. Mr. Hawkins, besides attending to his law duties, represented the town in the Legislature in 1843-44, was town clerk from 1870 to '83, a justice of the peace thirty-five years, and has been postmaster a number of years. E. W. J, Hawkins, born here July 28, 185 1, studied law with his father, and was admitted to the bar at the June term of 1873, sirtce which time he has been in practice here. He married Jennie M. Carl, of Starksboro, September 2, 1873, and has two daughters, Jessie M. and Annie J. ECCLESIASTICAL. The Methodist Church, located at Starksboro village, was organized by the first pastor, Rev. Joseph Mitchell, in 1798. In 1839-40 the church was built, costing $2,400, with seating room for 240 persons. The society now has 100 members, under the pastoral care of Rev. George T. Sutton, their property being valued at $4,000. The First Freewill Baptist Church, located at Starksboro, was organized September 20, 1821, by Rev. Charles Bowles and Rev. Sylvanus Robertson, with seventeen members, Mr Bowles, a colored man, acting as their first pastor. Rev. M. B. Minard became pastor of the society in 1866, there being at that time 113 members, and no church edifice. A house of worship was sadly needed, and in the face of adverse circumstances Mr Minard set to work to create a sentiment in favor of the project, and the result was that at the close ofthe year 1868 the preseut beautiful structure, costing rtearly $7,000, with accommodations for 300 persons, was ready for occupancy, and has ever since been a source of pride to the society, which now numbers 1 63 members, under the pastorate of Rev. Francis Reed, their property being valued at over $8,000. The Congregatiottal Church wasorganized August 7, 1804, and Rev. Henry Boyntort instaUed as first pastor during the following year ; but he preached only a few times. The society is now represented in town by but a handful of members, and holds no services at present. The Society of Friends was orgartized by Joseph Chase, and a meeting house erected in 1812. In 1858 it was sold. In 1871 the present smaU struct ure was erected at South Starksboro, costing in the neighborhood of a thou sand dollars. The society now has twenty or more members, the services being conducted by laymen. 640 History of Addison County. CHAPTER XXXIV. history of the city of VERGENNES. FOR many years Vergennes has been waiting to see her history in print, and the question has often been asked. Why is not the history of Vergennes written ? Most of the towns about us have oue, but not Vergennes. Even the indefatigable Miss Hemenway failed to procure oue. Any one who has at tempted to gather up any fragments of her history knows that the answers to this question are numerous. The territory of Vergennes had been inhabited by white men twenty-two years before she had a corporate existence. A frac tion of three towns, her records were not her own, and the records of Ferris burgh, which gave her the largest territory of any of the three, were burned in October, 1785. The men who made the history of Vergennes had no leisure or inclination to write out for posterity the description of the scenes and events that transpired here. The population of Vergennes has been so changeable that tradition cannot do much for us, and only by the most patient searching of the few records left can we form an idea of her condition in the past, of her business interests, or the character of her people ; even the names of the men who did most for the founding and settlement of our city are passing out of the memory of the present generation. To recall some of those names and some of the scenes in which they were actors is the most that we can do now ; and we only repeat that we cannot present a picture of their daily life in their busi ness and social relations. It should be remembered that the history of Vergennes must be different from that of a farming town. A different class of people located here. Their pursuits and avocatiorts were differertt With only 1,200 acres in her territory, the farming interest within her limits was of small moment Those who ex pected to live by farming settled elsewhere. Manufacturers, merchants, and professional men, with such mechanics and laborers as were needed, composed her population. Of course, when the numerous ready-made tools, buUding materials, vehicles, clothing, and other conveniences now found in our stores had to be made by hand in mechanics' shops, a large number of mechanics were needed ; but as a class they have left but little record of their doings or of their families. The records of real estate conveyances and of town officers elected, with very slight traditional recollections, form the ortly basis for a statement of inci dents and events in the forgotten past. A complete history of Vergennes can never be given, because much of it is lost beyond recall. A few disconnected facts may be gleaned, but their narration must read something like a chrono logical table or a page in the dictionary. During the French War, from 1755 to '60, many soldiers and scouting par- City of Vergennes. 641 ties passed from the older New England States to and from Canada. There were two routes, one up the Connecticut River and thence to Lake Memphra magog ; the other in the vicinity of Vergennes. To cross Otter Creek, over which there were no bridges or ferries, made it desirable to find a place where they could ford the stream, and doubtless some kind of a trail leading to the fords was known to them, or the bearings from the mountains enabled them to find their way through an unbroken forest of a dense and heavy growth, with neither red man nor white man found to break this awful solitude of nature. Noah Porter, grandfather of George W. Porter, of Ferrisburgh, once said that he crossed Otter Creek, in one of those years, with a scouting party ort the rocks at the head of the falls (the deep channels have since been blasted out), and he and his party were so impressed with the wild and chaotic features of the scene that they spent some time in viewing the falls. He said the west channel appeared very small and was so filled with floodwood you would hardly notice there was any channel there ; that there were several beaver houses built on the floodwood. The reports of soldiers aroused the love of adventure incident to pioneer life, and an excitement was manifested in Connecticut and Massachusetts and on the banks of the lower Hudson, to secure an interest in the cheap lands and rich hunting grounds of the northern wilderness. In 1761 sixty towns were chartered in Vermont New Haven's charter bore date November 2, 1761 ; Panton, November 3, 1 761, and Ferrisburgh, June 25, 1762. These are the three towns from which Vergennes was taken. New Haven and Panton were chartered to citizens of Litchfield county, Conn., and Ferrisburgh to men of Dutchess county, N. Y. In 1762 Deacon Ebenezer Frisbie, of Sharon, Conrt., assisted by John Clothier, Isaac Peck, and Abram Jackson, surveyed the lines of the town of Panton. Beginning at a walnut tree on the bank of Otter Creek (about two^ rods above_the^westjend.of the bridge over Otter Creek) and running due west to the lake ; thence six miles south ; thence seven miles east ; thence down Ot ter Creek to the place of beginning. They were paid for fifty-three days' service. This first surveying party that was ever in Vergennes found that the dis tance to the lake was less than seven miles ; and it also appears that the nortii linerimbyjhem was abaut eighteen rod&sattth.of4:he.southjine of Fexrisburgh,^ leaving a strip between the two towns not covered by any charter In October^ 1788, the Legislature of Vermont granted to Whitelaw, Savage, and Coit the three islands near the faUs, as land not heretofore chartered. By agreement the line between Panton and Ferrisburgh was fixed to run from the corrter of~New Haven just above the east end of the bridge, and a broken>Scan- nort was placed irt a cleft in the rocks to mark the spot, and is there now, al though buried out of sight. ^ 1 642 History of Addison County. In rurtrting six miles south they covered a large tract claimed by Addison, and, as Addison's charter ante-dated Panton's, after a long controversy it was settled by compromise, Addison holding the territory claimed. Probably noth ing was done in 1 763 toward settlement Ferrisburgh was also surveyed in 1762 by Benjamin Ferriss and David Ferriss, but uo settlement effected. It appears from the proprietors' records of Panton that in 1 764 James Nich ols, Griswold Barnes, David Vallance, Timothy Harris, Joseph Wood, Captain Samuel Elmore, WiUiam Patterson, Eliphalet Smith, Zadock Everest, Amos Chipman, Samuel Chipman, etc., to the number of fifteen, did go to Panton and do some work on fifteen rights. The statement in Swift's History of Middlebury gives from tradition the fol lowing version, fixing the date two years later than the record. He says that " Fifteen young men from Salisbury, Connecticut, and adjoining towns, started for a home in this region, with some tools and effects in a cart drawn by oxen. They followed Otter Creek from its source to Sutherland Falls, cutting a way for their cart as best they could. They found no house north of Manchester At Sutherland's FaUs they dug out a large canoe and put in it their freight, and some of them as rowers started with it, towing their cart behind the canoe. The rest of the party, with the oxen, went on by land. John Chipman stopped at Middlebury ; the others came on, drawing their canoe with their oxen around all the faUs. Some of the party stopped to prepare a place for permanent settle ment in New Haven above the falls, the others went on and settled on the Jake shore. They all returned to Connecticut in the fall. " The charter required that five acres should be cleared and a house built not less than eighteen feet square on each right within five years from date of charter ; but this was not accomplished. In accordance with a contract made with the proprietors, Isaac Peck, Jeremiah Griswold, and Daniel Barnes began to build a saw-miU at the falls in the fall of 1764, but did not complete it that year. In December, 1765, a bargain was made with Joseph Pangborn to build a good grist-mill at the falls, to do good service by the first of May, 1767, for which he was to have a water power and fifty acres of land adjoining, and the mill when built. It is uncertain whether this mill was built by him, for in the summer of 1766 Colonel Reid took possession forcibly of all the property about the falls, claiming under a New York grant all the land on Otter Creek, three miles wide from the mouth to Sutherland's FaUs. An entry in the Pan- ton records makes it certain that Reid came in 1766, for at a meeting on the third Tuesday in November, 1766, they recite that Colonel Reid had taken pos session of the mill at the falls which they had built. "In 1769 the proprietors of Panton revoked the grant of a miU lot and water power to the men who built the saw-miU, because they had not com pleted it by the time agreed, and had allowed Colonel Reid to wrest it from their possession. Irt Slade's State Papers, pages 30, 31, artd 33, in the copy of City of Vengennes, 643 Governor Tryon's letter, and answer of committee to same, sigrted by Ethan Allen, clerk for said committee, and dated August 25, 1772, it appears that ' more than three years previous Colonel Reid took possession of the saw-miU, one hundred and thirty saw-logs, and fourteen thousand feet of pine boards, and did at that same time extend his force, terrors and threats into the town of New Haven, and so terrified the inhabitants (about twelve in number), that they left their possessions and farms to the conquerors, and escaped with the skin of their teeth.' The committee's letter also states that 'not lortg after, the original proprietors of said mill did re-enter and take possession thereof, but was a second time attacked by Colonel Reid's Stewart with a number of armed men . . and obliged to quit the premises again,' and the letter admits that not long previous to the date of the letter, a small party did dis possess Colonel Reid of the saw-mill, which seems to have ended the contro versy." The romance and embeUishment of this affair, which may be true, is more interesting than the naked facts. It is said that Colonel Reid came here with a few men — Donald Mcintosh, a native of Scotland, who was in the battle of CuUoden, being foreman — and took possession of the mill ; entered the house of Joshua Hyde, a settler in New Haven, just above the falls, and took him prisoner, and crossed the creek ; on landing he managed to escape and recross in the boat of his captors, and disappeared ; that some friends of Hyde nego tiated with Reid, who paid for Hyde's crops, etc., and Hyde gave him no fur ther trouble at that time. After a few years Ethan Allen and a party of Ad dison and Panton settlers visited the faUs and routed Reid's men and put Pangborn in possession. That about one year later Ira Allen was passing from his settlement on Onion River to Bennington, and reaching the falls on a stormy evening, he thought to stay with his old friend Pangborn. On knock ing at his cabin door he was met by a stranger with a drawn sword and threat ening attitude, who, after some parleying and explanations, admitted AUen and gave him a night's lodging. Allen learned that Colonel Reid had previously come on with a dozen Scotch immigrants, who had been led to believe it to be a military movement, and they kept up the regulations of a military camp, after driving off Pangborn and his associates. In the morning Allen pursued his way to Bennington, but about ten days afterward he, with one hundred men, appeared to the Scotchmen at the faUs, who found resistance to be use less and were secured, while the company uuder AUen's direction burned every hut that Reid had built ; destroyed the grist-mill built by him, and broke the mill-stones and threw them in pieces into the river AUen then explained to Reid's men how they had been deceived, and most of them left and settled in the valley of the Mohawk. Donald Mcintosh and John Cameron remained. Joshua Hyde, who had been driven from his farm by Reid, was with Allen's men, artd doubtless enjoyed the adventure. He had sold his farm, however, 644 History of Addison County. artd settled irt Middlebury.^ In a petition to Governor Tryon by the adherents of New York in 1772 it is said that there were about fifteen families on Col onel Reid's tract Nothing more is found of record in regard to the falls until July 9, 1776, when Joseph Pangborn deeded to David Remingtort the fifty acres given him by the proprietors of Panton. David Remington was afterward convicted of Toryism and his property taken to the use of the State, and sold by the com missioner of confiscation to Gideon Spencer and others. Spencer became the sole owner in 1786, the consideration in the deed being ;^500 — $1,666. In I "J"] "J many inhabitants left their homes upon hearing that Burgoyne was coming up the lake and the Indians and Tories of his army were making plundering excursions all along the lake shore, and when Carleton came with his army in 1788 nearly every settler abartdorted his farm and business, and the families scattered, some to Pittsford and the southern towns of Vermont, and others went back to the towns in Connecticut and Massachusetts from which they had emigrated to Vermont. The Council of Safety sitting at Bennington on the 6th of March, 1 778, is sued a letter of instructions to Captain Ebenezer Allen ^ to raise a sufficient number of men and proceed to New Haven Fort, where he was to take post and send out scouts to reconnoitre the woods to watch the movements of the en emy and report them to this council or the officer commanding the Northern Department (probably at Rutland). They say, " as there are some few inhab itants north of the fort, should you judge them to be disaffected to the interest of the United States of America, you will confine him or them and secure his or their estate for the use of this State until such person or persons may be tried by a Committee of Safety next adjacent to the offender, etc." Under date of March 19, 1778, a letter of Governor and CouncU, ratified by General Assembly, to Captain Thomas Sawyer, at Shelburne, congratulates him on his victory, laments the loss of Lieutenant Barnum and men,^ and says : " Viewing your dangerous and remote situation, the difficulty in rein forcing and supplyirtg you, do therefore direct you to retreat to the blockhouse in New Haven. Bring with you the friendly inhabitants. You are not to destroy arty building, wheat or the effects. You will remain at said blockhouse until relieved by Captain Ebertezer Allen or Captain Isaac Clark." A letter to these captains directs them to repair to his relief without loss of time ; to assist the inhabitants, and, if possible, to secure the wheat at Shel burne, artd such other effects as in their power, but not to burn any buUdings or other effects. 1 It is stated that at this time Allen built a block-house fort near the falls ; the exact location is un known. It is certain a fort was built previous to 1778 and called New Haven Fort. '^ See Governor and Council, Vol. I, p. 228. 3 Lieutenant Barnabas Barnum, of Monkton, who was surprised by a party of Indians and British soldiers, and killed. City of Vergennes. 645 On May 22 following. Governor Chittenden writes to Captain Brownsort that David Bradley, in behalf of the inhabitants of New Haven and Ferris burgh, applies to this Council for liberty for their inhabitants to remain irt their possessions at present, as by reason of the situation of some of the women it was impracticable for them to remove. He was directed to allow such indul gence as necessity required. In March, 1779, the line of the northern frontier was established at the north line of Castleton and the west and north lines of Pittsford, and all the in habitants north of said line were directed and ordered to immediately move with their families and effects within said lines, and that the women and chil dren go even farther south, and the men work on their farms in " collective bodies with their arms." It is generally supposed that no inhabitants remained in the territory that is now Vergennes, from the fall of 1778 till peace was declared in 1783, when they began to return to their farms. It was probably in the faU of 1778 that EU Roburds and his son Durand were taken prisoners and carried from their farm (lying between G. F. O. Kim ball's and Willard Bristol's, and extending back to the Beaver Meadow) by a band of Indians, Tories, and British soldiers, and imprisoned for three years or more. It is said that they were exchanged ; that while prisoners they were sent under guard to labor, but that Eli refused to work for the British, and was so free in his remarks on the subject that he was not allowed to leave as soon as his son. Writers have pictured the sufferings of the prisoners thus taken from their peaceful homes to endure the hardships of a British prison ; but we should not forget the sad condition of their wives and small children, helplessly witnessing their husbands and elder sons forced away from them, while their houses were burning and everything they had that was of value being carried off by the plunderers. A more pitiful sight, indeed, it must have been to see those stricken mothers carrying their infants and leading other children, with sca''t clothing or food, through the woods on foot, to the southern towns in Vermont ! Know ing how dark the future and how sad the present, their courage and fortitude seem almost without a paraUel in history. After a few more years of war and suffering, the struggles of a people few in numbers and weak in resources, against the power and wealth of Great Britain, brought triumph and peace, a result that can be explained by only one word — Providence. With returning peace the attention of the people was again turned to their personal irtterests; and as the obstacles to the settlement of their forsaken farms were removed they began, in 1783, to return to the new settlements. In May, 1783, the Panton proprietors met at the inn of Captain Willard, in Pawlet, and, among other things, voted "to sequester ten acres of land, togeth- 646 History of Addison County. er with the privilege of the falls on Otter Creek, for mill building, to Johrt Strong, lying at the northeast corner of Pantort, on condition said Strong buUd a good saw-miU at the above mentioned place by the 20 of November, 1783, and a good grist-mill by the 20 of August, 1784, that shaU run at the times above mentioned," etc. Evidently the old mills had been destroyed at this time. Spencer's lot (that was formerly given to Pangborn) of fifty acres and Strong's ten acres had rtot beert marked out, aud irt 1786 it was arranged be tween them, Spencer taking the west part up to within seven rods five hnks of the bridge, and Strortg takirtg his ten acres above that point. In March, 1784, Asa Strong, eldest son of Johrt Strortg, of Addison, Beebe Pangborn, and Elkanah Brush Uved near the faUs ort the west side. Asa Strong's house was where the south end of the Shade Roller Company's dry house is. In this year it is said that Gideon Spencer, then living in Benning ton, built a saw-miU, and in 1785 built a grist-mill near the middle of the chan nel, between the island and the west shore. All above the mill, up to the land ing above the Shade Roller Company's factory, was filled with floodwood, a part of which they had to cut out to get water for the mill. In the summer of 1784 some fourteen families settled in Willsboro, N. Y., on the patent of Wm. GilUland, and got the lumber for the buildings at Vergennes. Donald Mcin tosh, who had been in Canada through the war, returned to his farm on Com fort HUl about this time. In October of this year Ethan AUen, of Bennington, deeds to Alexander and William Brush, of New Haven, six acres of the governor's lot of five hun dred acres, in the northwest corner of New Haven, of which Allen had become the owner. Judge Roberts's present home is near the corner of the six acres. In 1785, while New Haven retained all her territory extending to the head of the falls, the Legislature imposed a tax on New Haven to build one-half of the bridge over Otter Creek at the head of the falls, and the next spring the proprietors of New Haven, in pubhc meeting called for that purpose — 1st, Chose Luther Everts moderator; 2d, Voted that there be a tax of one penrty on each acre of land in New Haven, for the purpose of building a bridge across Otter Creek near the falls; 3d, Chose Andrew Barton collector; 4th, Luther Everts, treasurer; 5 th, Eli Roburds and William Brush a committee to oversee the building of bridge aforementioned; 6th, Chose Bezaliel Rudd, William Eno, artd Robert Wood committee of irtspection; 7th, Voted every common laborer should have four shiUings and six pence per day, and a yoke of oxen, 2 shillings 6 pence; 8th, Voted the Committee purchase a Barrel of Rum, and more if needed for the business; 9th, Voted that every man have y pint of Rum per day; City of Vergennes. 647 I oth. Voted, that the Committee purchase a Grindstone for the bertefit of the workmen. 1785- — Ethan AUen deeds to Widow Ruth Brush seven acres from the northwest corner of the governor's lot, running from the bridge in the direc tion of the present plank road (so called) and then to the creek. In October of this year the Legislature passed an act establishing the county of Addison from Rutland county to the Canada line, which boundaries were changed to nearly the present limits when Chittenden county was organized, in 1787. County officers were appointed in 1785 for Addison county, William Brush being one of the judges. Timothy Rogers, of Danby, Vt., a large landholder, came into this vicinity this year He moved in October from Button Bay to near Barnum's Falls, on Little Otter Creek. He was proprietors' clerk of Ferrisburgh; at the time of re moving, the records of Ferrisburgh were burned. He said that he landed from his boat at the foot of the falls on a rainy evening and attempted to build a fire that they might light torches to guide the women and children to his house, but the rain put out the fire, as they supposed. He carried his goods out of the boat and left them on the shore for the night. In the morning his men told him, what proved too true, that the fire had not been put out, but had revived and spread, and burned some of his effects — among them a chest of drawers in which were aU the records and public papers, as well as his private deeds for about 6,000 acres of land, and notes and bonds for about $2,000. On the 30th of May in this year Ethan Allen was in New York city, and conversed with the French consul about a city that was to be incorporated about the falls. This was more than three years before the date of the char ter, and is the earhest allusion to the project. At that time there could not have been twenty families on the territory. 1786. — Gideon Spencer, of Bennington, who had already built mills on the falls, moved to Vergennes and became identified with the interests of the place, and an active and successful operator. The records show that he was engaged in building and running mills and iron works, buying and seUing water power, and timber, and farming lands. He was evidently a far-seeing and sagacious man. Unfortunately for Vergennes, he encumbered most of the water power on the west side of the creek with a long lease, which is stUl in force. He had several sons, who became men of property and influence in the vicinity. His son Gideon, jr., Uved on the farm and built the brick house afterward owned by Samuel P. Strong, and thert by Samuel P. Hopkins. Soon after he came to Vergennes he built a large gambrel-roofed house on the east corner of An drew Grady's present house lot, and kept a tavern. A fine spring of water in the street in front of his house supphed the neighborhood, untU the supply was cut off by digging wells and cellars in the vicinity. In December of this year the town plot of Ferrisburgh was surveyed by 648 History of Addison County. Timothy Rogers, surveyor, and a committee appointed for the purpose, con sisting of Abel Thompson, Gideon Spencer, Wm. Utley, and Wm. Haight They surveyed lots enough in the most desirable locations to give one to each proprietor, five rods by six rods ; then a second division of the same number of the next most desirable lots ; then aU the remainder in a third division. The " green " and public lots were designated, and the principal streets. There was a smaU triangular piece above and near the bridge which they called the " hand kerchief lot," " for a gift of s'd Proprietors to any man that will settle and con tinue the malting business on s'd lot two years, to the advantage of himself and the pubhc." Major Wm. Goodrich accepted it and afterwards deeded it with the stills, worms, tubs, etc. The first session of Addison County Court was held in March of this year, in Addison ; John Strong, chief judge ; Ira Allen, Gamaliel Painter, Wm. Brush, and Amos Fassett, assistant judges. Samuel Chipman, then hving near the falls, was appointed county clerk. He was the first lawyer that settied in Addison county, and remained in Vergennes about eighteen years, with fair success as a lawyer ; but his forte seems tp have been speculatiug in real estate. He declined serving as clerk after one year, and Roswell Hopkins (grandfather of our present Dr Hopkins) was appoirtted and held the office sixteen years, all of which time he was a citizen of Vergennes and conspicuous in public affairs in town, county, and State. He was clerk of the House of Representatives from 1779 nirte years; he was secretary of State fifteen years, and declined further nomination in 1 802, when about to remove from the State. He was one of a committee of distinguished men to revise the laws in 1797. He was a man of fine talent, well educated, and possessed of most agreeable social qual ities ; he became one of the most popular men irt the State. The following lines, written by him, are fouud ort a blank leaf of a book in the county clerk's office : My friends, some deferencejis due. To every man, both me and you ; But this respect in due proportion Pay to every man as is his station. 1, of Vergennes, am alderman ; Yea, more, a common councilman. In the office of county clerk I am put And clerk of the County Court to boot ; Of State I'm also secretary, A justice, too, which none will query. Isn't more respect to me due, then Than almost any other raan. In titles numerous and great. Heaped on me here and through the State. Be careful, then, due deference show. Both here and where'er else I go. — Ros. Hopkins, Clerk. City of Vergennes. 649 He was called " doctor " sometimes. He explains it as " doctor of convivi ality." In 1787 he was granted by the State a tract of land, 11,264 acres, in Hopkins's Gore. In 1803 he thought Vergennes was becoming too crowded, and he moved to St. Lawrence county. The town of Hopkinton was named in his honor In 1789 he bought for a trifle two hundred acres of land (what was lately the Americart House stands almost in the certter of the south line of the lot), and later owned the Botsford farm and occupied a house near the site of Botsford's house. 1787- — In this year several business men came into Vergennes and busi ness was prosperous. The Legislature took some measures to secure reciproci ty with Canada, and Ira and Levi Allen were irtstrumeutal irt procuring the admission of timber, lumber, pot and pearl ashes, and other products free of duty from Lake Champlain, and thus opened the way for a business which assumed large proportions, and was a great boort to all dwellers irt this region. Great rafts of spars, square timber hewed in the woods, were taken to Quebec, and much of it there loaded into ships and taken to England. The ships in that trade were constructed with port-holes in the stern, and long timbers were slid from the rafts into the holds of the vessels. The raftsmen lived in houses built on the rafts. Potash was also carried on the rafts. In January of this year at a town meeting in Panton they voted that " they are not wiUing to have no part of the town taken off for a city at the northeast corner of the town." In February of this year Wm. Brush resigued his office of assistartt judge. Roswell Hopkius was appointed county clerk and Seth Storrs State's attorney. At the session of the Governor and Council at Bennington, Ethan Allen presents his letters from the French consul relative to the name " Vergennes," and other matters. The plan of forming a city about the falls had become pubUcly known at this time. 1788. — This year was an important era in the history of Vergennes. It is perhaps impossible to give a faithful picture of her situation and business at that time. Several saw-miUs and one grist-mill were in operation, a small forge on the east side of the creek and some small potash establishments, a brewery, and blacksmith shops. There were a few framed houses, mostly gambrel-roofed, the frames covered with upright planks, nailed with hand made wrought nails and clapboarded, but seldom paiuted. Most of the dweU ings were of logs surrounded by the stumps and small clearings, with the for est in close proximity. One hundred and fifty to one hundred and seventy- five inhabitants were on the territory. Irt Jurte of this year Jabez Fitch, a man then fifty-one years old, with two sons, went from Connecticut to Hyde Park, Vt., and passed through Ver genrtes. In a jourual kept by him he writes, under date of June 5, 1788: "A little after sunset we arrived at one Smith's, a littie north of Snake Mountain, 650 History of Addison iCounty. where we put up for the night and found comfortable entertainment We are now within about six or seven miles of New Haven faUs, I lodged with one Samson, a Tory, but hope I have not caught the infection. Friday, June 6, we took breakfast before we started and our landlord went with us as far as the falls. We soon came into the town of Panton and traveled about five miles through the woods before we came to a house. At about nirte o'clock we arrived at the falls and crossed the creek in a canoe, but our horse and dog were obhged to swim. We made some stop at this city. I was in at Colonel Brush's to leave some letters and at about ten set off on our way again. We soon came into the town of Ferrisburgh and found the road extremely muddy. We called at one Tim Rogers', about noort in hopes to obtain horse-baiting, but were disappointed and were obliged to travel about five or six mUes fur ther, most of the way without a house. About two o'clock we arrived at one Cogswell's in Charlotte." It is not clear why he had to swim his horse and dog ; perhaps the bridge built in 1786 was out of repair. There was no post-office in Vergennes at that time and none nearer than Rutland. Before the Congress of the old thirteen States would admit Vermont into the Union, Vermont had in her splendid career as an independent State sovereignty, in March, 1784, appointed a post master-general (Anthorty Haswell, of Bennington) and established five post- offices — one in Bennington, one in Rutland, one in Brattleboro, one in Wind sor, and one in Newbury, and established the rate of postage to be the same as it was in the United States, and provided for post- riders to make weekly trips; and the people congratulated themselves on their liberal mail facUities. The next year after the admission of Vermont into the Union Congress established a post-office in Vergennes on June i, 1792. On the records of the Governor and Council at Manchester, October 23, 1788, the following entry appears: " A constitution of the city De Vergennes having passed the general assembly was read and concurred with two amendments, which was agreed to," and, Oc tober 24, " an act granting the city of De Vergennes town privUeges having passed the General Assembly, was read and concurred." This was an act per mitting Vergennes to organize as the towns about her did, with selectmen, etc., for four years (afterward extended to six years) before electing city officers. The misnomer in the record quoted above was the error of the scribe. The Legislature was sitting at the time at Manchester and consisted of Governor Thomas Chittendert, twelve councilors, and eighty-four members, Gideon Spencer was a member from Panton, Alexartder Brush from New Haven, and Abel Thompson from Ferrisburgh, The act of incorporatiort received Gover nor Chittenden's approval the day it was passed, in which the corporate name is, " the Mayor, Aldermen, Common Council aud Freemen ofthe City of Ver gennes." Thus Vergenrtes, with and because of her splendid water power and commanding situation, regardless of her small population, became a city — the CTty of Vergennes. 651 third in New England in point of time, Hartford and New Haven having beert chartered in 1784. The origin of the name given to the city is explained in a correspondence between Ethan Allen and the French consul, Hector St John De Crevecour, a French nobleman who had been educated in England and came to America irt 1754 and settled on a farm near New York city. In 1780 he went to Eu rope, and in 1783 returned to New York as consul for France. He then be came acquainted with Ethan AUen, to whom he writes from New York, under date of May 31, 1785, a long letter in which he suggests the idea of Vermont showing her gratitude to the French patriots of the Revolutionary War by nam ing some new towns after distinguished Frenchmen, and says : " I would pro pose that the town to be laid out on the first faU of Otter Creek be caUed the town of Vergertnes or Vergennesburgh ; " this in honor of the Count De Ver gennes, French minister for foreign affairs. In a letter from France a few months later he alludes to the name of Vergennes again. On the 2d of March, 1786, Allen wrote to St John from Bennington that the Governor and part of the Courtcil met at Bennington to consult about the various propositions of St. John and were well pleased with them. The council concluded to recommeud to the Legislature that " on the land contiguous to the first falls ou Otter Creek they would incorporate a city with certain privileges and infranchisements and have already named it De Vergennes, to perpetuate the memory of your prime minister in America to all eternity." In September, 1788, the following bond was executed in Vergennes, but no record appears of its enforcement: " Land owners in Vergennes. — Bond for a twentieth part of their lands in the city. "Know all men by these presents. — That we, the persons hereunto sub scribing lartd owrters irt the district prayed to be corporated as the mayor, al- dermert and corporation of the city of Vergennes, to be set off from part of the towns of Ferrisburgh, New Haven and Pantort, do each of us separately bind ourselves in the penal sum of one hundred pounds lawful money of the State of Vermont, to the treasurer of said State, and his successor in said office, to be paid withirt two years after the district above prayed for shall be corporated by the Legislature of the State of Vermout, for the true payment of which sum we, the persons subscribiug artd enseahng these presents, do each of us sepa rately bind ourselves, our and each of our heirs, executors and administrators, firmly by these presents. Sealed with our seals and dated this twenty-ninth day of September, A. D. 1788. " The conditiort of the above obligation is such that if the persons above obligated shall weU and truly make and execute good and sufficient deeds of conveyance of one-twentieth part of the lands they each separately own in the district above prayed to be established, as above, to the corporation of said city 652 History of Addison County. of Vergennes within two years after the same shall be legally appointed and established by the Legislature aforesaid for the sole use and benefit of said cor poration so long as they may or shall legally exist as a corporation aforesaid, to be put to such use or uses as said corporation may from time to time direct, then this obhgation to be void and of no effect But if any person or persons obligating as above shall refuse or neglect to make out such deed of- convey ance, then this obligation to be and remain irt full force and virtue on such ob ligator or obligators respectively and separately ; which sums when collected by the treasurer of the State of Vermont aforesaid, after deducting aU needful expenses which may accrue, shall by said treasurer be transmitted to the cor poration aforesaid to be for the sole use and benefit of the corporation forever. And it is hereby provided that the lands given shall be at the option of the giver to say where and the value shall be appraised by the corporation. " William Brush, L. S.; Eli Roburds, L. S.; Alexander Brush, L. S.; Tim othy Rogers, L. S.; Charles Spencer, L. S.; Ebenezer Mann, L. S.; Jacob Klum, L. S.; William Haight, L. S.; Solomon Beecher, L. S.; Jared Payne, L. S.; Abel Thompson, L. S.; Gideon Spencer, L. S.; Sam'l Wood, L. S.; Ros well Hopkins, L. S.; Jabez G. Fitch, L. S.; Richard Burling, L. S.; Sam'l Chipman, L. S.; Israel West, L. S.; David Brydia, L. S.; WiUiam Goodrich, L. S.; Jon'thn Sexton, L. S.; Donald Mcintosh, L. S.; Wm. Utley, jr, L. S.; Asa Strong, L. S.; Ebenezer Ransom, L. S." The limits of Vergennes by the first act of incorporation were fixed as fol lows : Beginning on the line of Ferrisburgh aud New Haven at the southeast corner of the town plot in said Ferrisburgh ; from thence running north 320 rods to a stake and stones ; thence west 400 rods to stake and stones ; from thence south across Otter Creek 480 rods to stake and stones in Panton ; from thence east across Otter Creek 400 rods to stake and stones; from thence north 160 rods to bounds first mentioned, comprising 1,200 acres of land and water; about 655 acres from Ferrisburgh, 300 acres from Panton, and 245 acres from New Haven. November i, 1791, a large tract was taken from the remainder of New Ha ven and anrtexed to Vergennes; but in October, 1796, this last act of annexa tion was repealed and the tract annexed in 1791 was now formed into a dis tinct town by the name of Waltham. The freemen of Waltham, however, at that time were not allowed a representation in the Legislature, and were di rected to meet with the freemen of Vergennes in said city for election of State officers and representatives. They were first allowed a representative in 1824, Irt 1788 David Brydia, who lived at the mouth of Otter Creek (Fort Cas- sirt), sold to Nathartiel Stevenson for $10 lot No. 45 (A. T Smith's house lot), and Stevenson soon built a large gambrel-roofed house on the lot Alexander Brush deeds to Stephen R. Bradley, of Westminster, for $20 the lot where Amos Wetherbee now lives. City of Vergennes. 653 1789. ^- George Bowrte, a merchartt of New York city, buys the falls on the east side, with ten acres, at a tax sale, for ten shillings and two pence. In Oc tober, 1789, Rogers deeds one-half of the same to Jabez G. Fitch, with all the mUls, buildings, iron works, and privileges of faUs for ;£'8oo — $2,666. Jabez Fitch also bought of Rogers lots 13 and 14 (Methodist Church lot and part of the Frartklin house lot). Jabez G. Fitch, who came to Vergennes in 1788 or '89, was one of a large and enterprising family in the vicinity of Norwich, Conn. He quickly engaged in active business in Vergenrtes artd bought real estate largely ; was engaged in the Quebec trade in lumber and potash. He was a live Yankee, capable of doing any kind of business ; could build a saw-mill or make an elegant clock- case, as he did for Thomas Robirtsort, and which now stands in the town clerk's office in Ferrisburgh. He was not, however, a cautious man ; his busi ness was extended and he became embarrassed. In his latter days he was poor, and somewhere about 1820 his body was found in the creek at the foot of the falls. It was supposed that he fell from the bridge, the only railing of which was a square timber on the sides. In 1790 the following return was made by James Atlee, deputy sheriff, on a writ against Jabez G. Fitch, in favor of John, Frederick, and Samuel De Mont- melUrt, merchartts in Quebec : " I attached the following property : one dwell ing house, the residence of said Jabez, with the lots numbers 13 and 14 (Meth odist Church and Franklin House lots), one storehouse on lot number 8 (where the probate office now is), with two other lots adjoining ; one dwelling house, the residence of Spinks, bloomer ; one frame barn, two sorrel horses, one eight the other nine years old, with one gray horse severt years old, with two yoke of oxen, three brown and one black, two potash kettles with the house thereto belonging with 1,000 bushels of ashes; one forge with every implement nec essary for carrying on the same in said forge and apparatus thereto belonging, one coal-house, one blacksmith shop, one dweUing house, the residence of Woodbridge, one grist-mill with all the mill work therein complete, five saw- miUs with the buildings belonging to the same, one fuUing-mUl, with the falls, dams, flumes aud cortveyances thereto belonging; likewise all the lots said buildirtgs startd ort, the whole situated in Vergennes, the property of the within named Jabez G. Fitch." Election of Officers. — In the charter of Vergennes the time of the first meeting for the election of city officers was fixed to be in July, 1792 (afterwards extended two years), and an act passed empowering the people to adopt a town organization and elect town officers, as towns in the State did, until the time arrived for electing city officers. Under this act on the 2d of March, 1789, WUliam Brush, justice of the peace, signs a warning for all the iuhabitartts that live withirt the limits of the city of Vergenrtes to meet at the dwelling house of William Brush, to elect 42 654 History of Addison County. officers, etc. At this meetirtg, on the 1 2th of March, it being the first town meeting ever held in Vergennes, William Brush was chosen moderator ; Sam uel Chipman, town clerk ; Dr. Ebenezer Mann, Richard Burlin, Colonel Alex ander Brush, selectmen ; William Brush, treasurer ; Captain Durand Roburds, constable ; Timothy Rogers, Samuel Chipmau, jr., Jabez G. Fitch, listers ; EH Roburds, leather sealer and grand juror ; WilUam Goodrich, Ebenezer Ransom, surveyors of highways ; Asa Strong, pound-keeper ; Jacob Klum and WiUiam Haight, with some of the above named, petit jurors. The grand list of 1789 contained thirty-three names, three of them non residents, showing thirty resident citizerts. The names not previously men tioned as elected to office were Gideon Spencer, Ambrose Evarts, David Ad ams, Donald Mcintosh, William Utley, Benjamin Ganson, Charles Spoor, Eben ezer Huntington, John Hackstaff, Israel West, Job Spinks, Solomon Beecher, Aaron Bristol, Josiah Higgins, Jacob Smith, Roswell Hopkins, Nathaniel Ste- vertsort. 1 790. — This year thirteert new names are added to the grartd list ; those most prominent are Azariah Painter, James Atlee, Robert Lewis, Albon Mann, Jonathan Spencer, David Brydia. In 1 79 1 are added Samuel Davis, Abram Baldwin, Thomas Tousey, Enoch Woodbridge, John W. Green, Roger Higby, Timothy Goodrich, and others. The list now corttairts fifty-severt names. The list of 1 792 is not found, but in the list of 1 793 the names of Thomas Byrd, Justus Bellamy, Stevenson Palmer, Thomas Robinson, Jacob Redington, Josias Smith, and Azariah Tousey are found ; and in the hst of 1794 the names of Jesse HoUister, Benjamirt G. Rog ers, and Samuel Strong appear, and Job Hoisington, who bought the late Philo Bristol place of Josias Smith for ;^25. Until 1797 the residents in what is now Waltham are included. In 1 797, after Waltham had beert separated from Ver gertnes, seventy-three names appear. After Vermont was admitted to the Uniort irt 1 79 1 a census was taken by the government, and the result gives 201 inhabitants. Taking the lists as a basis of calculation, in 1797 there were 360 inhabitants. By the census of 1800 the population was 516. The First Church. — In June, 1 794, the Rev. Daniel C. Saunders was set tled irt the city as a mirtister of the gospel. He lived irt a large framed house just west of Judge Roberts's homestead, until August, 1799, when he was dis missed to become the first president of the University of Vermont. He writes jrt May, 1795, in speaking of Vergenrtes : " Where so lately was the foot ofthe savage, there is now the church and the altar. Divine goodness has caused the wilderness to blossom as the rose. Future successive ages may have a laudable curiosity to know the history of the begirtning of this particular church of Christ first established in the irtfartt city of Vergennes. To gratify them the following remarks are submitted to the eye of the candid and the inquisitive : " The population of the place was rapid beyond the most sanguine calcula- City of Vergennes. 655 tiorts. Irt a very few years they had members to make a respectable congre gation. Circumstances obvious in a new, uncultivated country .prevented them from having any regular preaching of the Word for some time. In the year 1790 they procured a regular caudidate for a short period. They had little regular preachiug tiU the year 1792, in the month of May, when a candidate, Mr. Daniel Clark Saunders, A.M., educated in the University of Cambridge, New England, came among them and contirtued several months. In the fall of 1793 he again received an invitation to settle in the gospel ministry, with which he at length complied." A regular church was organized September 17, 1 793) by Rev. Cotton Mather Smith, of Sharon, Conn., who had been sent as a missionary to the infant settlements of Vermont The learned doctor's idea of rapid settlement would hardly satisfy a modern man irt the present age, and possibly the doctor's successors might not like the way preaching was paid for in his day, if we may judge from the following vote passed in town meeting March 28, 1792: "Voted to raise the sum of thirty pourtds Ort the Ust of the year 1792, one-fifth part in cash, the remainder in cattle or grain at the market price, to be expended in hiring preaching the ensu ing Summer."In June of the same year Enoch Woodbridge, Roswell Hopkins, and Sam uel Chipman, jr., were chosen a committee "to wait on the committee appoint ed to come into Addison County to set a stake for county buildings," aud voted, " that if established in Vergennes the buildings shall be erected free from expense to the County." But very few of the men who were active business men before the election of city officers in July, 1794, have descendartts or relatives irt Vergertrtes at presertt. They plartned and toiled irt clearing and improving Vergennes and increasing her resources ; but most of them have passed out of the memory of all survivors, and tradition retains but faint images of them. That they were bold and energetic men is certain ; shrewd and sagacious in business, free and generous in their hospitality, and of kindly sympathies ; plain and uupretert- tious men, but men of force. Those of the name of Brush, who have been mentioned in this sketch, are strangers by hearsay even to our oldest citizerts. WiUiam was appoirtted by Governor and Council in 1785 to be assistant judge, and elected by the people in 1786 to the same office, which he resigned in 1787. Alexander, a colonel in the militia before coming to Vergennes at an early day, was a respected citizen. He lived at one time in a house which stood where the National Bank rtOW is, artd kept a taverrt. Elkartah Brush lived many years on the lot now owned by Mrs. Phair, at the corner of Panton road and Main street ; he married the widow of Luke Strong about 1 808, and afterward lived in the Thompson house. Jacob Klum conducted a tannery on the bank of the creek back of Francis McDonough's house, and later on the west side, living in the shop which Ahvia 6s6 History of Addison County. Scovil first occupied. Eli Roburds died in 1805, and was succeeded on his farm by Durand Roburds, then major, who held many offices in Vergennes. He afterwards sold his farm and moved to Ferrisburgh, to the house ever since occupied by his children. Richard Burlirtg after a few years is mentiorted as a resident of New York city. While here he was active in various kinds of business, principally miUs and iron works, and making potash, and the commerce growing out of such business. The Burling family at White Plains, twenty miles from New York, were owners of large tracts of wild lands in Vermont, and probably gave the name to Burlington. Dr. Ebenezer Mann died at Vergenrtes February 12, 1796, in his sixty- second year. Dr. Ebenezer Huntington was a practicing physician for Ver gennes and vicinity, and acquired great popularity. He was a genial man, a good story teller, and enjoyed a joke. He lived on Comfort Hill, next south of Thomas Fish's preseut residence. He was the father of Fordyce Hunting ton, long a prominent citizen, and remembered by many. Donald Mcintosh, the Scotchman who came with Colonel Reid in 1766, went to Canada during the Revolutionary War, and returned at its close to the place on Comfort Hill, where he lived for many years and ort which he was buried. He died July 14, 1803. Nathartiel Stevertson, also one of the earliest settlers, was engaged in build ing mUls and a forge on the west side of the creek, above the bridge, but did not remain here many years. Timothy Rogers was a large landholder and interested in the city, but did not long remain a residertt here. Thomas Byrd, art Englishman and a Quaker, was a character of note here for marty years; a man of sound judgment, of fine personal presence, and of extensive readirtg. He was early elected mayor, and became the leading trial justice for Vergennes and vicinity. Many a culprit received his sentertce from him — "ten stripes at the publick whipping post," then the common mode of punishment The post stood for many years near the present pubhc watering trough. 'Squire Byrd, as he was generally called, lived in a house where O. C. Dalrymple's store now is. Although a good Quaker, he was not quite a non-resistant. It is told of him that a citizen of Ferrisburgh, in an altercation with some one in a store in Vergertnes, told the man he hed, and was imme diately struck and feUed to the floor. He went to Esquire Byrd to enter com plaint, and told his story. Byrd asked him, "Did you tell the man he hed?" "Yes." "And he knocked youdown?" "Yes." "Well, he served you right You may go; you cau't get a writ here." Justus Bellamy, long a conspicuous citizen of Vergennes, Uved at the Sher man wharf For many years he was the proprietor of Bellamy's distillery, which stood near the brick store at the wharf The late Elliott Sherril mar- City of Vergennes. 657 ried one of his beautiful daughters. Edmund Smith married another. The Bellamy family at a later day moved to Canada. Thomas Robinson, father of the late Rowland T. Robinson, who came from Newport, R. I., lived in Vergennes several years, a part of the time engaged in manufacturing, and at length bought a large tract of land, which proved to be the best farm in Ferrisburgh and a monument to his skill and judgment in the selection. Jacob Redington, soon after coming here, opened a tavern in a buildirtg on the jail lot (C. B. Kidder's store). Josias Smith, from Tinmouth, Vt, graduated from Dartmouth College iu 1789; came to Vergennes in the spring of 1791, and was a practicirtg and suc cessful lawyer in Vergennes to the time of his death in 18 10. He was first city clerk under the charter election and was mayor at the time of his death. Azariah Painter, who came here in 1789, was prominent in business circles and well known as keeping tavern here for many years. He bought of Jesse Hollister, in 1800, what is now the Steverts House. He had two sons, Lyman and Hiram. Two daughters of Hiram Painter are now living in Vergennes, Mrs. Keeler and Mrs. Sprague. Azariah and Thomas Tousey were interested in mills and iron works. Aza- * SI itfipq riah started the stiH,ing-mill artd resigned it to Thomas; they came from New town, Conn., but left no. known descendants here. Enoch Woodbridge came from Manchester to Vergennes in the beginnirtg of 1 79 1, bought and moved on a farm near where Ezra Champion lives, and in a few years moved to the grounds now occupied by Mrs. Hawley. He was a highly educated man of talent, a graduate of Yale College; was in the army through the Revolutionary War, a part of the time as commissary. After the war he went to Bennirtgton county, where he was register of probate five years, judge of probate one year. State's attorney two years, which office he resigned in the fall of 1790 to come to Vergennes, and was soon elected judge ofthe Supreme Court, and for seven years was chief justice. He was father of Enoch D. Woodbridge; of Mrs. Villee Lawrence and several other daughters. F. E. Woodbridge and the late Mrs. Pierpoint were his grandchildren. He died April 21, 1805, in his fifty-fifth year Dr John W. Green purchased in 1 790, for ;^40, the lot and buildings where F. E. Woodbridge now resides. Abram Baldwin, David Booth, and Zalman Booth, all of Newtowrt, Conn., bought property in partnership, and did business ou the west side of the creek for several years. Roger Higby (or Higley) was a lumberman engaged in sendirtg timber to Quebec, but failed in business. He lived where the Farmers' National Bank startds. Samuel Davis, a blacksmith, raised a large family in Vergennes, orte of 6s 8 History of Addison County. whom, the Hon. Bliss N. Davis, who was born here in 1801, stated at the Ver gertnes Centertrtial that his "father made the axes that feUed the trees to make room for the houses in Vergenrtes." Robert and Johrt Lewis built potash works a little above the mouth of Pot ash Brook. A few years later they assigued a large amouut of property for the benefit of their creditors. Samuel Davis lived in the house north of the Cortgregational Church, and his shop was in what is now William E. Green's garden. Thus we see that down to the time whert the city government was formed a very large proportion of the few people here were active, energetic, and bold business men, actively engaged in convertirtg timber artd wood and ores of the neighborhood into merchantable condition. The city officers were elected in July, 1794, agreeable to the law of incor poration. (The time of annual meeting was changed in 1800 to the fourth Tuesday in March.) This first city meeting was held in a new school-house standing near the present towrt house. Euoch Woodbridge was elected mayor; Josias Smith, clerk; Roswell Hopkins, Samuel Strong, Phirteas Brown, and Gideon Spencer, aldermen; Azariah Painter, sheriff; Samuel Chipman, Eh Ro burds, Elkanah Brush, Ebenezer Huntirtgton, Oliver Pier, and Jacob Reding- tort, commort councilmen. The records of the Court of Common Council show a respect for a strict constructiort of the charter law, that has not always since been apparent When, a few months later, Samuel Hitchcock moved from Burlington to Ver gennes, and became associated with the picked men elected to fill the city offices, Vergennes could boast of as large a number of strong-minded and ac complished men as ever graced a country village. Samuel Hitchcock, who had married a daughter of Ethan Allen, artd was himself the peer of any lawyer in his day, lived for several years in a house standing on the ground now occupied by the Catholic Church. 1 In 1794 a minister was settled, and licenses were granted for six taverns. In 1795 a jail was provided. Daniel Harmon became a citizen of Vergennes and Uved where the Na tional Bank is, and probably had a store in the lower corner of the same lot, apparently the best location in the city for a store. In 1796 Harmon conveyed a lot 22 by 40 feet, to Josiah and WiUiam Fitch, " traders in company." This was what was lately known as Pat Foster's store. The First Newspaper. — In this year correspondertce was held with An thorty Haswell, of Benningtort, with a view to his estabUshing a printing press and publishing a weekly paper in Vergennes; and a committee was appointed to agree with some person to establish the printing business in this city, and give them the use of a public lot. Thompson's History of Verniont says that the Vergennes Gazette was founded at Vergennes by Samuel Chipman, August, City of Vergennes. 659 1798. A copy of this paper is shown by Mr Johnsort (No. 74), dated Feb ruary 5, 1800, "Prirtted for Samuel Chipmau, jr, by Fessertdert at Printirtg Office adjoirting Court House." The Vergenrtes charter artd by-laws were prirtt ed at Vergennes in 1801 by Chipman & Fessenden. Public Buildings. — In April, 1797, a stock company was formed to build a court-house, with 124 shares at $25 a share, the city to give the use of a pub lic lot on which to erect it, and to take as many shares as could be paid for with the avails of another public lot to be leased for the purpose. The pre amble to the subscription reads : " From the central situation of this city it is contemplated that the time is not far distant when the Legislature of Vermont will be convened in said city, if suitable accommodations can be had. Among the many considerations which demand the attention of the citizens to prepare for such an event, that of erecting a convenient house in which they may assem ble for the transaction of public business is of primary importance. An under taking of such expense is of too great magnitude to be effected by the ordinary mode of taxation in our infant State. Other measures, therefore, must be adopted." Tousey, Baldwin & Co. subscribe for 10 shares ; Gideon Spencer, for 8 shares ; Zalmen Booth, for 7 shares ; Robert Hopkins, for 6 shares ; Jabez G. Fitch, for 6 shares ; Dibble & SherriU, 6 shares ; Samuel Hitchcock, for 6 shares; Samuel Strong, for 6 shares; Daniel Harmon, for 4 shares; Jesse HoUister, for 3 shares ; twelve others, 2 each, 24 ; twenty others, i each, 20 shares, leaving for the city 18. The building was completed in time for the meeting of the Legislature October 1 1 , 1 798, and stood on the highest land in the city a little farther back from the street than the present town house. It was a buUding nearly square, with large windows ; was two stories high and well arranged for the purpose for which it was built The second story was used for a Masonic hall until anti- Masonry became dominant in the State, when it was converted into a school-room. To the lasting disgrace of the city the building was taken down in 1838. At the time of the meeting of the Legislature Isaac Tichenor had just been re-elected governor ; Paul Brigham, lieutenant governor ; RosweU Hopkins, then mayor of Vergennes, was secretary of State ; Daniel Farrand, of New bury, was speaker of the House ; Daniel C. Saunders, who had been recently dismissed as minister in Vergennes and was then living in BurUngton, preached the election sermort, in accordance with a custom that prevailed in Vermont untU 1835. Vergennes was represented by Amos Marsh, who was the next year and several successive years elected speaker. John Strong, of Addison, was one of the twelve councUors. The session contirtued twenty-rtine days. Party spirit ran high in Vermont at that time, and for the first time in her history the important civil officers to be elected by the Legislature were chosen 66o History of Addison County. from the dominant party exclusively, amid great excitement. The chief justice of the Supreme Court, Israel Smith, a man in high repute for his learnirtg and virtue, was refused an election on party grounds merely, which roused a violent and bitter feelirtg, and gave rise to the epithet current for a long time, " The Vergennes slaughter-house." A delegation of Indian chiefs from Canada came to Vergennes during the session to ask of the State compensation for their lands, as they claimed, from Ticonderoga to Canada line. Their claim was considered, but not granted. The Legislature, however, paid their expenses while here, and gave them a hundred dollars in token of friendship. Mathew Lyon, the very able and prominent Irish politician of Fair Haven, who came to this country a poor boy at thirteen years of age, and was bound out in Connecticut to pay the cost of his passage, had been arrested for a trial under the alien and sedition law, and by the United States Circuit Court, sit ting at Rutland, in October, 1 798, was sentenced to four months' imprisonment and to pay a fine of one thousand dollars, with costs. He had been elected to Congress in 1796, and at the next election in September, 1798, there was no choice ; but in December following Lyon was elected while he was in jaU. At the conclusiort of his trial in October he expected to be confined in Rutland jail ; but the United States marshal was a bitter political opponent of Lyon's, and it is said lived in Vergennes, He took Lyon to Vergennes jail, where he treated him with great rigor. Lyon's friends from Fair Haven sent him a stove for use in the jail. Lyon's term of imprisonment expired February 9, 1799, and it was expected that he would be re-arrested; but having been elected to Congress he, as soon as the door was opened, proclaimed himself on his way to Congress, and thus made it unlawful to arrest him. There was, however, intense excitement throughout the district as the time of his libera tion approached. He was a man to have warm and devoted friertds and bit ter enemies, and the natural instincts of Vermonters for free speech and a free press had been outraged, and they seemed anxious to enter their protest against political persecution. The following contribution to the Rutland Herald is re printed in Governor and Council, Vol. IV, and may be interesting to the people of Vergennes : " At the time of his [Lyon's] imprisonment in Vergenrtes uuder the odious sedition law, passed by Congress during the Federal administration of John Adams, when he had stayed out in prison the term of his commitment of four months, and nothing remained but the payment of his thousaud doUars' fine to entitle him to his liberty, it was found that the marshal of the State, whose sympathies and preferences wers strongly with the Federal party and against Lyon, would stickle about receiviug for the fine any other than money that was of legal tender, and irt that case it might be difficult to procure the specie. Most of the gold then in circulatiou was of foreigrt coirt which passed at art urtcertairt value accordirtg to its weight, which oftert varied by different City of Vergennes. 66 i weighers, and was therefore not a legal tender. It was krtown that Mr. Lyon while in prison had issued frequent publications, therein freely discussing and sometimes censuring the measures of the Federal administration, and that if any pretext could be made for continuing his imprisonment and thereby prevent his taking his seat in Congress, to which he had been re-elected while in prison, the marshal would not hesitate to resort to it It was further ascertained that if the fine was paid, the marshal intended to re-arrest him for his subsequent pubUcations. Therefore, to secure his liberty so that he could take his seat in Congress, which had already convened, Mr ApoUos Austin, a resident citizen of Orwell, and a man of wealth, at his own expense and trouble procured the thousand doUars in sUver dollars, and on the day that Mr Lyon's confinement expired, Mr Austin with the entire body of Repubhcans in OrweU, nearly every man went to Vergennes, where a like spirit brought together some thou sands of the Republicans from other parts of the district and State, in order, probably, to overcome the authorities from re-arresting. Mr. Austin, however, was not permitted to pay the money he had brought AU claimed the privi lege of bearing a part, and one dollar each was the maximum they would allow any one individual to pay. One gentleman from North Carohna, a staunch Republican, was so zealously anxious for the release of Mr. Lyon from prison, that he might take his seat in Congress, at that time nearly equally divided by the two great political parties, came all the way on horseback from North Car olina with the thousand dollars in gold to pay the fine, supposing that as Ver mont was then new and was comparatively poor, the resources of the people were not sufficiently ample to meet the exigency. Having paid the fine the 'friends of Mr. Lyon immediately took him into a sleigh, followed and preceded by a concourse of teams loaded with the political friends of Lyon, which reached from Vergennes as they traversed Otter Creek upon the ice, nearly to Middle bury, from which place a large number contirtued to bear him company to the State Une at Hampton, N. Y., where they took leave of him and wished him God speed on to Congress." It is singular that such an enthusiastic and excited gathering of people from all parts, with teams enough to fill every vacant cleared space in Vergennes (for there were no public conveyances as exist to-day), could have taken place and no one in Vergennes to preserve a record of the proceedings, or evert to hand down to the next generation the tradition of the great excitemertt The writer well remembers the stories of his grandparents, then neighbors of Lyon, the excited crowd which attended Lyon's passage through Fair Haven, with music and banners and the wildest enthusiasm ; but the leading men of Ver genrtes were of the Federal party, and had no sympathy for their political op ponents. The words of censure of the government for which Lyon was impris oned seem mild in comparison with the political abuse of the present age. However much the citizens of Vergennes may have been interested in pub- 662 History of Addison County. lie affairs, they were not irtdifferent to busiuess matters, which seem at that time to have been in a prosperous conditiort. In August, 1 798, Spencer leases to Azariah Tousey a site for a slitting-mill and the privilege of erecting a dam at the foot of the falls, from the hole in the rocks on the island (now visible) to the west shore. In January, 1799, Josiah and William Fitch sold their store (on the bank lot) to Curtis & Sawyer for $800. Sawyer married a daughter of Roswell Hop kins and corttirtued in trade here for several years. Argalus Harmon bought the lease of the public lot in front of the greert. Among recent settlers of that time appear the names of Amos Marsh, who lived on the Franklin house lot ; Luke Strong, another lawyer, who built the Thompson house and died there in 1807, aged thirty-nine years; Luther E. HaU, who first lived where Kidder's store is and then irt a house now occupied by F. C. Strong (he lived to a good old age in Vergennes) ; Belden Seymour, from Connecticut, whose trade was that of a hatter (accumulated property, and he and his sons were long identified with the business of Vergennes) ; Henry Cronk, long sheriff and constable, and tavern-keeper (married a sister of Roswell Hopkins ; at length removed to a farm in West Ferrisburgh) ; Wm. Burritt (for many years an active and prosperous business man in Vergennes) ; Bissell Case, a tavern-keeper; Asa and Abraham Dibble, the latter assistant judge of County Court The grand list of 1 798 shows seventy-eight names. Fifty-four houses are entered in the list at from one dollar to eighteen dollars : average, five doUars forty cents ; two hundred and forty acres improved land. The total list was $6,709.25, but property, except houses, was entered at about five times the amount of our one per cent. General Strong enters fifty acres improved land ; Donald Mcintosh fifty acres; Roswell Hopkins forty acres, leaving only 100 acres for aU the others. From 1 79 1 for about ten years the Newtown Company, as it was caUed, was active in manufacturing, in buying and selling real estate, and in loaning money. The company consisted of Abram Baldwin, several of the name of Tousey, and several of the name of Booth. Baldwin and the Touseys did not long remain here; they were probably rich, but they were not popular Dr David Fitch was a popular physician; he was born in 1795, was a dea con in the Congregational Church, but his history is not well knowrt. Belden Seymour, from Newtown, Cortn., came here about 1796 and estab lished the business of making hats ; not exactly the style used to-day, but sat isfactory to the wearers. He first bought a lot with a store on it in the block between Elbow and Green streets, and eventuaUy owued a large part of the square. Belden Seymour was successful in business, and at length retired with a competence to his farm on Comfort HiU, where he died in 1841. His wife, who was Abigail Beers, lived one hundred years wantirtg a few weeks. She was sister of Mrs. Greert, the mother of WiUiam E. Green. City of Vergennes. 663 For marty years after the city orgartizatiort, taxation was light ; in one year the expense for the care of the city poor amouuted to $15. The bridge was the great burdeu, but with the help from the adjoining towrts and the aid of the lottery authorized by the Legislature they managed to keep up a bridge. In 1800 they bargained with General Strortg to put four tresties under the bridge, put in one new string piece and 800 feet of plank for $13; and in 1805 he of fered to build a new bridge for $500. Many roads in Vergennes and vicinity had been opened, but frequent changes in their location are recorded. In 1795 the new school-house mentioned stood near where the town haU is; a few years later it was moved on to the present school-house grounds on South street and used until the large one, now Mrs. Julia Adams's residence, was built Strong & Chipman buUt a grist-miU on the island, which they afterward sold to Ephraim Hubbell, and HubbeU to Francis Bradbury February, 1810. The largest island was then much larger than it now is. One survey says it extended up stream six rods above the bridge. It was bordered by trees and wild grape vines, and some one had a garden on it A gentleman now Uving told the writer that the first grave he remembers was on that island : a stranger was buried there. In low water there was a dry passage from one island to the other, until channels were blasted out to secure water for the mills. The trees were cut and portions of the large island were dug away for the same purpose. Owing to this cause a miU on the island for dressing cloth was un dermined and fell into the stream. Within the next few years the names of many new residents appear, in creasing the population to 516 in 1800, and to 835 in 1810. About 1797 John H. Sherrill, grandfather of William A. Sherrill and Mrs. William E. Green, brought his young wife ort horseback with Elliott Sherrill, then an infant in her arms, and came into Vergennes on a dark, rainy evening. In Swift's history it is said that he had a store in Middlebury in 1798. He lived here in 1800. He first lived where the Baptist Church stands, but soon moved to the house on the west side, belonging to Dr Ingham's estate, and about 1830 he built the brick front where he lived until his death. He was an honored and respected citizen. Another citizen of this date was Abraham Dibble, who was assistant judge of Addison County Court in 1801-04. Benajah Webster, a native of New Hampshire, who had learned the gun smith's trade in New York city, came to Vergennes about 1 806, and began and continued for many years the business of blacksmithing. He first lived irt the house vacated by Samuel Davis, next north of the Congregatiortal Church, but afterwards built the brick house now the property of William E. Green, and converted his old house into a shop. The bricks for his house were made at the yard of Dr. Griswold, on the farm now occupied by Carleton Bristol. Mr. 664 History of Addison County. Beers, the father of Ransom Beers, was at first associated with Webster. Mr. Webster had a large family of children ; in later years he moved on to the farm in Ferrisburgh now owrted by his grandson, WUliam W. Bard. Warren Web ster, a son of Benajah, followed the trade of blacksmith irt Vergertnes a while artd moved West Orte daughter, Delia Webster, achieved distinction and was known throughout the United States for her successful efforts as an aboUtionist and her consequent imprisonment in Kentucky, and a trial which aroused the sympathy of every abolitionist in the land. The Harmon family was prominent in Vergennes during the first quarter of the present century. Daniel Harmon came from Bertrtington county about 1795. Calvin and Argalus came two or three years later. They were known principally as merchants artd distillers. They traded in the stone store now standing on Main street north of East street Edward Sutton came to Vergennes about 1803, and until his death in 1827 was a successful merchant, leaving a large estate for those days. He lived in the house previously owned by Amos Marsh, and his store has since been re modeled to form the dwelling house of J. B. Husted. At the time of his death he was in partnership with Edward J. Sutton, who died the same year, and the business was closed, and the store building was rented and used as a store for several years by many different parties — William F. Parker, Bixby & Black- man, Cyrus Smith, and others. The estate of Mr. Sutton was divided in 1828 between his two daughters, Caroline and Jane Sutton. The death of Jane Sut ton, in 1832, from cholera, followed next day by the death of Edmund Parker, caused an intense excitement in Vergennes. Edward A. Kendall, in Travels through the Northern Part of the United States in 1807 and 1808, says: " Still lower on the Otter Creek, and only five miles short of its entrance into the lake, is a cataract which ranks among the most beautiful in New England. On its banks are seated the town and viUage of Vergennes, a name intended to honor M. De Vergennes, sometime minister of the court of France. Sloops ascend from the lake to the foot of the cata ract ; and, from this and other circumstances, Vergennes is well seated for iron works ; bog ore abounds in all the adjacent country, and stone ore is brought from Crown Point, on the opposite side of the lake. A furnace, and other ex- tertsive works, irt addition to those which have been long estabUshed, are at thij time erecting. There are bridges across the Otter Creek, both at Middlebury and Vergennes ; and " each of these villages exhibits a busy and thriving ap pearance. " Roads both from New York and Bostort meet irt Vergennes, whence there is a road due north to Burlington, distant twenty-two miles, a commercial vil lage and port of entry on the lake, and by which there is a constant communi- catiort, either by lartd or water, with Montreal, in Lower Canada." In 1809 an important lawsuit was decided in regard to the faUs. Silas City of Vergennes. 665 Wright, of Weybridge, sued Strong & Spencer, of Vergennes, for damages, claiming that the building of a dam at Vergennes, and the changes made at the faUs, caused such a rise of water that the lands on the creek and ort Lemon Fair, were overflowed, to the great injury of the owners ; but after a long trial, with many witrtesses, the jury brought in a verdict for the defendants. The query that has always been most pressing for art artswer in regard to Vergennes — Why does not Vergennes grow faster in numbers, wealth, and business ? was just as unanswerable in 1800 to 1805 as it ever has been. It was admitted everywhere that her situation was in the midst of a fertile and pro ductive country ; that her water power was unrivaled ; that the whole body of water in Otter Creek, with a fall of thirty-seven feet, was available for any pur pose for which water power could be used ; that the locations for mills were peculiarly free from danger by reason of freshets ; that her means of communi cation by water with the northern markets were all that could be desired ; that her people were inteUigent, numbering among them some of the brightest minds in the State ; and yet her population was constantly changing ; men did not come to stay ; the returns from capital invested in her business, except in rare instartces, were not satisfactory. But in the fall of 1807 and the year foUow ing it was thought that this question would not be asked again ; that a bright future awaited the little city. A strong company of wealthy gentlemen of Boston proposed to embark irt the irort business in Vergennes on a large scale. Captain Francis Bradbury came on here and in October, 1807, secured a per petual lease of water power, and about seven acres of land on the west side of the creek, from Gideon and Stephen Spencer, for the consideration of $3,000 and an annual rent of $300, and very soon assigned three-fourths of it to Stephen Higginsort, William Parsorts, James Perkirts, artd Benjamin Wells, all of Boston. There was at that time on the ground leased a forge and slitting- miU, a shop for making nails, and near by a " steel-factory." On the east side was a small forge ; on the island a grist-mill, and also one on the west side, and a rtumber of saw-miUs. Irt January, 1808, this company advertised that they would purchase charcoal in large quantities, and built large coal barns for storing it ; at one time they had fifteen such barns. Spencer's grist-mill stood in the little hollow eight or ten rods below the bridge. A low shed for the use of his customers exteuded toward the present dry houses, and at the end of that a large gate, closing the road to the wharf A flume ran from the present dam by the side of the rocks in the bank on a level to carry water for the ma chinery below. The large yellow house (so called) was soon built, and in 1809 Thomas H. Perkins leased, on a perpetual lease for $5,000 and an annual rent of $500, the remainder of the falls and miUs and the land to Panton road on the south and city lirte on the west, with some reservations of small lots pre viously leased. The smaU leases were bought in by the company and their business enlarged. Their forge had nirte fires ; they bought the Monkton ore 666 History of Addison County. bed and large tracts of wood land, started a small forge on Little Otter Creek, near the covered bridge ort the road to Monkton ; numbers of mule teams which they introduced for hauling ore and coal were quite a uovelty. Colonel Wells, an accomplished gentleman of Boston, was for marty years the manag ing agent It is said that 177 tons of cannon shot were cast at their works for the use of MacDonough's fleet at the battle of Plattsburgh, aud it is also said that the irort busiuess was closed soou after the war and that the company met the fate that many other iron-makers have had to meet — heavy losses ; and the old question returned unanswered, the population of Vergenrtes being no greater in 1820 than in 18 10. Their grist-mill and saw-miU were continued for many years. In 1825 they advertised for custom at their miU, and also that they desired to sell various tracts of land in the vicinity. In 18 15 Philip C. Tucker came on from Boston as a clerk or book-keeper for the company, and remained tUl 1830, the acting agent in closing up their business. He was fifteen years old when he came to Vergennes, and during his clerkship studied law, and opened an office in 1824, and continued a successful lawyer until his death in 1861. Previous to the operations of the Monktort Iron Company, as they were called, the burning of wood into charcoal in pits in the fields had been practiced to some extent, but was largely increased when this company begart to pur chase. Immertse quantities were made on the lands of the Spencer family in Pantort and Addison, who owned what are now the farms of N. Richards, H. Hawley, E. Holland, J. Carter, Thomas Nooman, and other tracts. When Ira Ward was a young lad his father was engaged irt the busiuess for Spencer, his famUy findirtg a temporary home in a house where E. Holland lives. Ira, just old enough to drive the cows home from the woods (when he could find them), in passing along the road south of the house discovered a bear advancing to ward him. After gazing at him a few moments the artimal turrted and left • Deer and game of all kinds were abundant in all this region even at that time. The necessity for workmen in the mills, asheries, and on the rafts, and in chopping wood for coal, and the money so freely paid out by the Monkton Iron Comparty, had brought to Vergertnes quite a number of Canadiarts with their families, a portion of whom occupied a cluster of houses on what is now the Shade Roller Co.'s yards, and was then called "French Village." A stiU larger number lived ou East street. Amortg them were some quaint and original characters, ever ready to give expression in broken English to their wit and drollery, or to relate the adverttures of their lives in Canada, some of them in lumber camps aud some of them irt the Northwest or Hudson's Bay Company as voyagers or carriers. Previous to the War of 18 12 Vergennes had become a central point for pleasure parties from the surrounding towns, and Painter's Tavern, where the Stevens House is now, was a resort for such parties aud balls. There were City of Vergennes. 667 many young ladies in Vergennes, at that date and a little later, whose fame for beauty, wit, and inteUigence has come down to succeeding generations, and some of the men whom the living now remember as quiet and sedate citizens were then considered as agreeable and accompUshed society men, much in chned to gayety. As tending to show a slight difference in the now and then, the following incident is given, as related to the writer a few years ago by an aged lady who lived in Vergennes and was a young lady in society from 1805 to '10. She said she weU remembered going to a ball where the daugh ters of the richest man in Vergennes were able to enjoy the luxury and the very great distinction of appearing in calico dresses, while their associates were obliged to wear the homespun and home-woven linsey-woolsey dresses that all had been accustomed to wear before they were startled by the introduction of such an extravagance as calico dresses. She could not conceal the fact of her then admiration and longing for a dress in elegance equal to the calico dresses of her rich friends. In the summer of 1 8 1 3 Lieutenant Thomas MacDonough, then thirty years of age, who had already made it manifest that he possessed the courage and promptness and the cool and calm judgment necessary for the position, was g^ven the command of the very small naval force on Lake Champlain, and De cember 19 took his vessels into Otter Creek for winter quarters at "the but ton-woods," three-fourths of a mile above Dead Creek. Commodore Mac Donough, as he was then called, made Vergertnes his headquarters, and duriug the wirtter was engaged in building several galleys or gurtboats, to carry two guns each. Before these were completed, on the 5 th of April, 18 14, General Wilkinson, then commanding the United States troops at Champlain, N. Y., informed Commodore MacDonough that the vessels of the euemy on Lake Champlain would soon be ready to sail, and probably would attempt to land a force for the purpose of destroying MacDonough's vessels. On application Governor Chittenden ordered out the mihtia in Franklin, Chittenden, and Ad dison counties, 500 men to be statiorted at Burlington and i,000 at Vergennes, and on the nth Wilkinson advised MacDonough to erect a strong battery at the mouth of Otter Creek. From the i6th to the 20th, General Wilkinson and Governor Chittenden were both at Vergennes, and the site of the pro posed battery was agreed upou. About the 12th of April a large body of militia arrived at Vergennes and was quartered in different places — some in barns, some in the school-house, some in the vacant house formerly occupied by Presidertt Saunders. As the result of the consultatiou at Vergennes the militia were all discharged except the company of Captain William C. Mun- sort, of Parttort, on conditiort that they should raUy ou the firing of alarm sig nals, and General Macomb was ordered to sertd 500 Urtited States troops to Vergertnes. Ira Ward, now living, with a number of other members of Cap tain Munson's company, was sent to Hawley's farm on the lake shore (Olmsted 668 History of Addison County. Keeler's) to watch the lake and give notice of the approach of the enemy. The artticipated attack of the British did not occur until the 14th of May, when Orte sloop and eighteen galleys commertced an attack on the battery at the mouth of the creek, commanded by Lieutenant Cassin. The point has since been caUed Fort Cassin. MacDonough, with what vessels he had afloat, soon appeared and put the euemy to flight, takirtg from them two fine row- boats. About the last of May, MacDonough's vessels were completed and saUed down the creek. It has always been asserted in Vergertrtes that his flag ship, the Saratoga, was launched the fortieth day from the time the first tree used in its construction was cut in the woods. He spent the summer on the lake, and the result at Plattsburgh on September 1 1 is too well knowrt to need repetition. MacDonough was a tall, spare man, extremely popular with all his acquaint ances in his vicinity. His office was in the second story of a wooden building that stood where N. J. McCuen is now irt busiuess, the lower room being used for a guard-house. One of the miUtiamen in the guard-house accidentally discharged his musket, the ball passing through the floor aud rtear MacDon ough. In one of the consultations as to dismissing the mUitia, MacDonough said, " If you will take your militia home I will take care of the fleet. I am irt more danger from your men than from the enemy." A number of ship carpenters came with the commodore to assist in the building of his vessels. Captain Brown was superiutertdertt Edward Roberts went to the battle with him, and afterward remained in Vergennes. There was great fear and anxiety among the citizens of Vergennes at the time of the attack at Fort Cassin. Some of the families packed their valuables to have them in readiness for removal, and some more excitable ones did re move temporarily, but the scare was of short duration. The law of the State then required that each town should deposit with the town treasurer powder and lead for use in an emergency, and on the 13th of May the town officers of Ferrisburgh met at Theophilus Middlebrook's (then town treasurer) to " run " bullets and prepare cartridges, and contirtued at the work through the night On hearing the cannon about daylight their anxiety was so great that they insisted on havirtg rtews, artd David, then twelve year old and anxious to go, was dispatched on horseback to learn the news. He could not be prevailed on to stop until he got to the point, about the time the firing ceased, and he then returued with the good news. The fears of the peo ple were quieted for the time being, but a feverish state of excitement prevailed throughout this region until after the battle of Plattsburgh, which was one rea son why the people ralUed so quickly when called upon to repel the invasion. On the 4th of September, 18 14, Gerteral Macomb, thert in command of 3,400 United States troops at Plattsburgh, of which number 1,400 were in valids, appealed to Governor Chittenden for aid, as his small force was so man- City of Vergennes. 669 ifestly inadequate to resist the large force advancing to assault him. Governor Chittenden, believing himself unauthorized to order the Vermont mihtia out of the State uuder such circumstances, caUed for volunteers. Hon. E. P. Walton says in Governor and Council : " This call was at once responded to, not only in the western counties nearest the scene of battle, whose men arrived in time to take part, but also iu Central and Eastern Vermont. Irrespective of party opinions or age, the people turned out en masse, fathers and sons, veterans of the Revolution, and lads too young for military service — all pressed on toward the lake." Many went from Vergennes and vicinity; prominent among these was Samuel Strong, who had been major-general of the Third Division of Ver mont militia from 1804 to '10, when he resigned; and Major Jesse Lyman, who had been an officer in the Revolutionary army. Judge Swift says in his History of Middlebury : " When a sufficient number of volunteers had met to gether, they organized as they could, in a summary and unceremonious way, by putting forward such prominent men as were willing to be officers. And when new recruits came on they took their places as they could in the ranks. To General Samuel Stroug, of Vergennes, was assigned the position of com mander-in-chief of the Vermont volunteers ; Major Lyman, of Vergennes, was his right-hand man, and was appointed colonel." Judge Swift, then secretary to the Governor and Council, and Amos W. Barnum, of Vergennes, who was the governor's mUitary aid, crossed the lake from Burlington to Plattsburgh in company with General Strong and others, on Thursday morning, September 9, and met General Macomb at the fort On Sunday, the nth, at seven P. M., General Strong writes to Governor Chitten den: "We are now encamped with 2,500 Vermont volunteers on the south side of the Saranac opposite the enemy's right wing, which is commanded by General Brisbane. We have had the satisfaction to see the British fleet strike to our brave commodore, MacDonough. The fort was attacked at the same time, the enemy attemptirtg to cross the river at every place fordable for four mUes up the river, but they were foiled at every attempt except at Pike's en campment, where we now are. The New York militia were posted at the place under Generals Moore and Wright They were forced to give back a few miles until they were re-enforced by their artillery. The general informed me of his situation, and wished for our assistance, which was readily afforded. We met the enemy and drove him across the river under cover of his artUlery. Our loss is trifling. We took twenty or thirty prisoners. Their number of killed is not known. . . . What shall be our fate to-morrow I know not." Before this letter was written, however. Lieutenant- General Sir George Provost, " governor and chief of his majesty's North American Provinces, and commander of the forces," as he styled himself, had hastily left for Montreal, artd what were left of his 14,000 troops, veteran soldiers of Wellington's army, at ten o'clock that night began to follow his example. It is not strange that so 43 670 History of Addison County. signal a victory filled the whole country with astouishmertt and delight ; but it is strange that men of Vermont had the courage and resolution to volunteer to form a part of a force so small and seemingly so inadequate to meet so large and well-appointed an army of trained veterans. Towns, cities. State Legisla tures, and Congress united in their tributes of thanks and hortors to the victors. The Legislature of Vermont passed very flattering resolutions of thanks to General Strong and the volunteers, artd to Commodore MacDonough, to whom they also granted a tract of land. The Legislature of New York voted a sword to General Strong, and as a picture of a gala day in Vergennes in 18 17, the following is copied from the Northern Sentinel of July 18, 1 8 1 7 : " Honor by New York to Major-General Strong. — "Vergennes, June 26, 18 17. " Yesterday the sword voted by the Legislature of the State of New York to be presented to General Samuel Strong in consideration of services rendered by him at Plattsburgh in 18 14, was dehvered to him by the Hon. Ralph HascaU, Colonel Melancthon Smith, Major Reuben Sauford, artd Major David B. Mc Neil, appointed by the lieutenant-governor of that State, acting as governor, to perform that service. The day was fine, and the several exercises were con ducted in a manner peculiarly gratifying, under the direction of David Ed munds, Amos W. Barnum, Enoch D. Woodbridge, Luther E. HaU, and Francis Bradbury, esq., the committee of arrangements on the occasiort, and Major Lawrence artd Captain Huntington, marshals of the day. In the morning the delegation from the State of New York were met at Mr. Johnsort's irtrt in Fer risburgh by Messrs. Woodbridge and Bradbury, and Captain Geer's troop of cavalry, and escorted to this place. It is but justice to remark here that the conduct of the troops on this occasion, and through the exercises of the day, was such as to do houor to themselves and their commander. At one o'clock General Strong was escorted from his house to Mr. Painter's iurt, where, after a short irtterview with the gentlemen from the State of New York, he proceeded through a numerous procession of the volunteers, who accompanied him to Plattsburgh, and other respectable citizens, to the platform irt front of the court-house. The delegation from New York were then escorted by Captain Geer's troop, dismounted, to the top of the platform, where the following ad dress was delivered to General Strong by Colonel Melancthon Smith in behalf of himself and his associates : " Sir — The Legislature of the State of New York have directed the gov ernor to cause to be presented to you a sword as a testimony of the high sense they entertain of your valor and public spirit and for the services rendered by you during the invasion of Plattsburgh by the British troops in September, 1 8 14. The lieutertant-governor, acting as governor, has honored us with this commission. In adverting to the events of that period whert a numerous, dis ciplined and well appointed army, under officers of experience and well versed City of Vergennes. 671 in the art of war, flushed with recent and astonishirtg victories, conquerors of the conqueror of Europe, boastful of their prowess, and confident of success — when such a force retires before our newly-raised, undisciphned troops, not one-fourth their number, we have cause of gratitude to the God of Armies, who so manifested his strength in our weakness. We are not unmindful that, unirtfluenced by local considerations, with no motive but the love of country, no prospect of fame except at the sacrifice of your life, no interest but a sense of duty, and notwithstanding every discouragement, you, Sir, volunteered in defense of a sister State. The act will be remembered by the people with grat itude. Accept, Sir, this sword. It is the gift of a free people to a free man. It bears on its hilt the device of a Herculean Mountaineer crushing in his arms the British lion ; it will be a memento for your sons to imitate your example, and incite them to deeds of glory. It is given, not as a reward but a pledge, which the State of New York will redeem when occasion shall present itself We are directed to communicate to you the consideration of his excellency the lieutenant-governor and of the representatives of the people. We offer you our personal regard and respect" To which General Strong made the following reply : " To be honored, gen tlemen, for any services I may have rendered, with the approbation of a State ackrtowledged to be the first in wealth, in commerce and population, and in no respect inferior to any State in the Union, affords a satisfaction I cannot under take to express. It is well known that the precipitate retreat of the British troops from Plattsburgh to their own territory, prevented the citizens and militia of the States of New York and Vermont from coming to a close and severe con flict with the enemy. Had it been otherwise I am persuaded that the volun teers from Vermont, who knew no discouragement in flying to the relief of your State, whert suddenly invaded, would have faithfully performed the duty which one member of the Union always owes to another. I accept the sword, gentle men, and request you to communicate to the lieutenant-governor and Legisla ture of the State of New York the high sense I entertain of the honor they have conferred. And you will permit me to say that the manner in which you, gentlemen, have executed your commission has added much to my gratification. You will please accept the assurance of my respect and esteem." The sword presented was of exquisite workmanship, its hilt and scabbard of gold. On the scabbard was the following inscription : " Presented by his excellency, Daniel D. Tompkins, Governor of the State of New York, pursuant to a resolution of the Senate and Assembly of the said State, to Major-General Samuel Strong of the Vermont Volunteers as a memorial of the sense enter tained by the State of his services and those of his brave mountaineers at the Battie of Plattsburgh." After the presentatiort of the sword the gerteral artd the delegatiort from New York, with the citizens, proceeded to Painter's Inn, where they partook of a dirtrter provided for the occasiort. 672 History of Addison County. Vergennes people felt a special interest in the battle of Plattsburgh, from their exposed situation and liability to an attack from the British fleet ; and the fact of the buildirtg of the vessels of our fleet here the previous spring had also increased their irtterest in the result ; and they were, moreover, acquainted with the prominent actors. Few battles have been more important in their results than this, which had great influence in securing the treaty of peace which soon followed, and was celebrated, when received here, with illuminations and great rejoicing. The volunteers were not all fortunate enough to return uninjured. Thomas Stevens, Wm. McKenzie, and others in this vicinity received wounds. Major Lyman contracted fever from which he died soon after. General Strong took a severe cold which resulted in what was then called consumption, which made him an invalid the rest of his life. Business in Vergennes seems to have languished after the war ; the Monk- ton Iron Company did not long continue the manufacture of iron. In Thomp son's Gazetteer of Vermont it is said they suspended in June, 18 16, and also that the machinery in operation on the falls during the war consisted of one blast furnace, one air furnace, eight forges, one rolling-mill, one wire-factory, besides grist, saw, and fulling-mills, etc. From 1 8 16 to '23 were dark days for Vergenrtes, it not showing any in crease in business, wealth, or numbers. The cold summer of 18 16 was unfa vorable to all engaged in farming and had a tendency to lead men into other occupations. The saw-mills, however, were at work to good advantage. Cap tain Jahaziel Sherman and those associated with him were buildirtg steamboats irt Vergennes, which gave employment to a good number of men, but had no influence in bringing men of capital and enterprise into Vergertnes. General Samuel Strong, John H. Sherrill, Captain Sherman, Belden Seymour, and a few others were occupied in producing from the soil or by manufacture some addition to the real visible wealth of the community ; but a large number of the citizens seem to have thought they could get rich by trading commodities or lands with each other. Some lumber and potash were sent to Canada and considerable wheat was carried to Troy. Until the Champlain Canal was opened, in 1823, wheat and other products were transported by teams to Troy, and goods for the merchants brought back. Most of the teaming was done in the winter, while the sleighing was good, by farmers residing in the vicinity. The favorite route from here was through Bridport, Orwell, West Haven, etc., artd taverns were found once in six miles, and frequently nearer, and were well patronized, although many of the travelers carried food from their homes. All the merchandise that came to Vergennes (except some few articles from Can ada) was brought by teams. The merchants went to market twice a year and purchased goods enough to last them six months. To order by sample or give orders to traveling salesmen was a thing unheard of To get to Boston and back required about six days' riding in stages. City of Vergennes. 673 The trade of Vergennes has always been large in proportion to her popu lation. To be a successful merchant in that day required plannirtg, prudeuce, discrimination, and a wise foresight Customers expected to find in every store dry goods, crockery, hardware, drugs and medicines, and all kinds of groceries; especially all kinds of liquors, which were sold as freely and in almost as large quantities as kerosene is sold to-day. The merchant then must take grain and nearly all kinds of produce for his goods, and find a market for the barter taken as best he could. He must give long credits and have the happy faculty of making coUections without offending his customers. It was a good training school for the development of the faculties, and many were made strong and fitted for public duties by this training. The census of Vergennes for 1820 shows the number of inhabitants to be less than in 1810 — 835 in 1810, and 817 in 1820 — and untU 1823 there was no perceptible increase, and no nice buildings were erected. There were about thirty two-story houses, but most of the others were low and of little value. In two things Vergennes has always exceUed, viz., her district schools and her hotels ; it is not easy to see the connection, but we accept the fact. There were two district schools and three hotels usually. For many years previous to 1826 Thomas W. Rich kept what had then gained a reputation as Painter's Tavern and since as the Stevens House. Mr. Rich was a graduate of Dart mouth College and came from Monkton to Vergennes. He died in 1826. The arrival of two stages a day at Rich's Hotel was an event of great interest — one from Boston and one from Montreal. The mail route with the mail to be carried in stages was established in 1793 and kept up until the railroad was completed in 1849. To see handsome coaches and four good horses driving up to the hotel for the passengers to get out, while the mail was being changed and the coach driven to barns back of the site of Smith & Ketchum's present warehouse, where the horses which had been driven twelve miles were taken off and fresh ones put in their places, was a mild excitement coming every day, but ever new. The average mail for Vergennes in 1820 might all be car ried in a common hat Many a boy has thought that his ambitious views would be fully satisfied if he could becorne a stage-driver Previous to 18 15 Jahaziel Sherman came to Vergennes and remained here to become an important factor in the history of the city. He was a man of great dignity of presence, of courteous manners, of great method and system in his business affairs, and universally respected for his probity and high sense of honor. Before he came to Vergennes he was associated with J. B. Ger main, of Albany, in navigation on the Hudson. In 18 15 the Champlain Steamboat Company firtished a steamboat built at Vergennes by Edward Rob erts, a master carpenter, of which Mr Sherman became captairt ; this was the first Phoenix, 140 feet long, costing $45,000, to run eight mUes an hour The Champlain was buUt here in 1817 for John Winans & Co., of which George 674 History of Addison County. Brush became captain, and in 1 8 1 8 the Congress was built here - by Captain Sherman at an expense of $30,000, of which R. W. Sherman was captain ; and again in 1820 Captain Sherman built here the second Phoenix at a cost of $45,000. In 1824 he built the Mountaineer at Caldwell, on Lake George, and in 1838 the second Caldwell at Ticonderoga, and irt 1832 the Water Witch at Fort Cassirt. Soort after coming to Vergennes Captain Sherman purchased the house and property at the wharf and afterward acquired a large real estate in Vermont. Captain Sherman was the representative from Vergennes to the State Legislature in 1835 and '36. In 1836 he united with the Congregational Church in Vergennes and was ever after one of its firm supporters. He died in 1844, leaving a widow and five sorts — Jahaziel, Walter W., Richard W., Charles, and Benjamin. Charles, now the only survivor, lives in MarshaUtown, Iowa. One of the lake steamboats brought from Burlington to Vergennes a large company of his business associates to attend the funeral of Captain Ja haziel Sherman. Samuel Strong, second son of Johrt Strong, of Addison, came to Vergennes in the winter of 1793—94 with his wife and four children, and moved into the house formerly occupied by his brother, Asa Strong, which stood near where now stands the south end of the Shade Roller Co.'s dry house. Samuel Strong had been a farmer in Addison and for two years high sheriff of Addison county. He soon became the owner of a saw-miU and of timber lands, and by buying lands at a low price and managing his mills and farms with much prudence and skill, his property increased in value rapidly. In 1796 he built the large house (now J. D. Smith's) which has not been changed in appearance outwardly since first built, and is the only place in Vergennes that has remained in the famUy of the original owner without a sale. At the first city meeting after he came to Vergennes he was elected alderman, and he held important offices for many years ; was representative 1804 and '05 ; assistant judge of the County Court five years ; mayor of Vergennes 181 1 to '16; at the same time was active in the militia of Vermont and rose rapidly from orte grade to artother, to become a major-general in 1804, which office he resigned in 18 10. When carding- machines were first introduced to card wool into rolls for the spinning-wheel by machinery, instead of the slow process of carding with hand cards. General Strong was largely engaged in their introduction into the New England States, New York, and Canada. When the news came to Vergennes that volunteers were wanted to resist the advance of the British at Plattsburgh, he immediately started for Burlington and was there chosen by the general voice to take the command of all the volunteers, and, with letters from Governor Chittenden, crossed the lake with the soldiers and reported to General Macomb. After the battle he returned with a severe cold, which terminated in consumption from which he never entirely recovered. In 18 16 he went to Georgia for the sake of a warmer climate, hardly expecting to return ; but he came back the next City of Vergennes. 675 spring, and having been advised by physicians to ride in the open air he spent much of his after life on horseback. Beirtg a man of great wiU power, he would ride when so weak that he had to be helped on to his horse. He and Judge Whallon, of Essex, N. Y., established a ferry by horseboats from the farm in Ferrisburgh now owned by Olmsted Keeler, to Grog Harbor. He built the turnpike from Middlebury to Vergennes, and from Vergennes to Adams's ferry. When the Vergennes Bank was organized in 1827 he was elected its first president, and held the position till his death. He had one sort. General Sam uel P. Strong, and four daughters — Mary, the wife of Roswell D. Hopkins; Clara, wife of E. D. Woodbridge ; Susan B. Strong, the founder of the Ver gennes Library, and Electa, the wife of William H. Smith, j The successful business career of General Strong, his souud judgment, the fame he acquired at the battle of Plattsburgh, and his constant activity, notwithstanding his feeble health, combined to make him a man of note at home and abroad. He was a tall, spare man of few words and unassuming manner. Early in life he manifested the same qualities of independent opinion, prompt decision, self-re liance, and determined perseverance that in after years made him a leader among men. Many incidents in his life have been known to the public. When he was fifteen years old he went with his father and brother from Addison to Pittsford to get a drove of cattle, to supply the American soldiers at Crown Point with beef When within a few miles, their father left the boys to watch the cattle and prevent their straying while he went to reconnoiter. The father was surprised and taken prisoner by scouts from Burgoyne's army, which had taken the post. The boys waited a reasonable time for their father to return, but as he did not come they drove the cattle back to Pittsford, and saved them from capture by the British. At one time in loosening the floodwood, that accumulated to the great an noyance of mill-owners, the floodwood gave way and took him with it down the falls. He could not swim, but did not lose his presence of mind. He would sink to the bottom and crawl toward land until obliged to rise for breath, and then repeat the process. He had nearly reached the lower island when picked up by some one in a boat In 1 809 Amos W. Barnum took the freeman's oath in Vergennes, and con tinued to reside here till his death in 1838. He was son of Stephert Barnum, of Monkton, and from his first residence in Vergennes was prominent in the business and pubhc affairs of the day. Very soon after taking up his residence here he was elected alderman and contirtued to hold important offices. He was four times elected representative. He was mayor from 1824 to '28. He was a self-educated man of superior talents, of pleasant address and extensive in- , formation, with ideas in advance of his age. At one time he incurred the ridi cule of his associates by predictirtg that some then living would see a railroad in Vergennes. He was a large owner of real estate here and elsewhere ; he 6y6 History of Addison County. took great interest irt the improvement of farm stock, and introduced a superior breed of cattle and fine horses. About 1827 he started a hemp-factory in Ver gennes and built a rope- walk on the grounds now belonging to the American Hotel, which he then owned ; he was always ready for any business enterprise that promised success. He was instrumental in buildirtg a tow-path to increase navigation and in starting a bank in 1826. He lived in the house now owrted by Charles Merrill, and had the best kept house and grounds in the city, the best horses and carriages, and entertained the most company and traveled more than any other citizen. He was fond of horse-racing and high living, and bold and daring business ventures. He owned several hundred acres of land, com prising the Woodbridge and Wetherbee estates and lartds adjoirting, and had a private race-course on the hill. He was largely interested in one of the best ore beds in Moriah, N. Y., but did not live to reap the benefits of his develop ment. In later years fortune frowned upon him and he died poor, December I, 1838, aged fifty-seven years. He had no children. In 1826 Reuben Brush, who lived in what is now a part of the Stevens House, died. He had been a partner of William White for many years. In February, 1809, Josias Smith deeds to him and William White, of Sunderland, merchants and partners under the firm name of White & Brush, the lots be tween the Stevens House lot and the residence of C. T & C. O. Stevens, for $2,500. They continued in trade until near the time of Brush's death, and were successful. When Mr. White came here in 1 809 he was thirty-five years old; had been married thirteen years to Polly M. Gardner, of Troy. His son, William H. White, was eleven years old. George Fields came from Sunder land with Mr. White and at a later day moved on to a farm in Waltham owned by White & Brush, into the house where Stephen Burroughs now lives, and proved to be a successful farmer. William White died July 27, 1832, at the age of fifty-six. He was a large and dignified man, respected by all who knew him. For many years two nieces of his wife hved with him as daughters of the famUy, and were favorites in society. One of them, Jane Gordon, married the Rev. Buel Smith; the other, Mary Gordon, married Bacon Wheeler. Reu ben Brush was also a favorite in business and social circles. He died in 1826 at forty-eight years of age, leaving a widow, one daughter (now Mrs. Doolittie, of Burlingtort), and two sons, both dead. His widow afterward married Dr Henry Hewitt. Francis Bradbury, a gentleman of the old school, was long in active busi ness in Vergertrtes as a manufacturer and merchant He belonged to a wealthy Boston family and had been a sea captain before coming to Vermont In the fall of 1 809 he leased of Gideon and Stephen Spencer the water power on the west side of the creek and assigned it to the Monkton Iron Company, of which he remained a member. In 18 10 he bought the grist-mill on the island and sold goods most of his business life here, in a store on the west side of the creek. City of Vergennes. 6tj His brother Theophilus was with him at one time and his brother Charles be came interested in property in Vergennes. Charles W. Bradbury, the late head of the present famly, was the son of Charles Bradbury. Francis Bradbury had two children — Francis, who died in Waltham, and Frances, who married Sam uel S. Woodbridge; after his early death she married Otis M. Haven, and is still living. About 1823 Zebulon R. Shepherd, from Moriah, N. Y., and one of his sons, started a mill at the falls on the east side for sawing marble, which proved a failure after a few years; and about this time Horace Wheeler, a brother of Preserved Wheeler, of New Haven, and Reuben Wheeler, of Vergennes, built a large brick block on the corner of Main and Green streets, which was rented for stores and shops until burned in 1830. In 1824 Amos W. Barnum leased to A. T. Rathbone a site and water power for a blast furnace on the east side of the creek. The furnace was buUt the same year and soon leased to Hector H. Crane. Barnum also started a "Tow Path Co.,'' to tow from Fort Cassin to Vergennes the canal boats that were ex pected to come through the new Champlain Canal. A charter was obtained, the path opened and used a rtumber of years until the steamboats commenced towing boats up the creek, and a regular line of packets and freight boats found employment in freighting lumber and produce to Troy and New York, with return freights of merchandise. Barnum and others also began to agitate the project of establishing a bank in Vergennes, and in November, 1826, a charter was obtained; in 1827 the bank commenced business, with a capital of $100,000. From and after the year 1823 business in Vergennes assumed a more promis ing aspect. Horace Wheeler built a large brick block at the corner of Main and Green streets. Zebulon Shepherd started a marble factory; A. T. Rath- bone a blast furnace; several new stores were opened; a tow-path was opened on the bank ofthe creek from Vergennes to the lake. In 1827 the bank com menced business, and Amos W. Barnum started a hemp-factory, as before stated, at the falls and built his rope-walk. In 1828 John D. Ward bought the lease of the Monkton Iron Company's grounds and built a foundry, canal, etc. ; employed a large number of men, and buUt up a flourishing business, which he continued until 1836. In 1834 two new houses of public worship were built, and the city soon commenced the laying of sidewalks and planting of shade trees. It must be difficult for the young people of to-day to form any conception of the contrasts in the present and former methods of business and travel, or the comforts and conveniences of every-day hfe. Very httle money was in circulation, most of the trade being in barter The roads were muddy and by no means clear of roots and corduroy; the hiUs were steep, and bridges and sluices were often dangerous; not a sidewalk in Vergertnes, and not more than 678 History of Addison County. a dozen shade trees. There were a few two-wheeled chaises irt town for one horse, and four two-horse coaches hung on leather thoroughbraces; steel springs were unkrtowrt; lumber wagous with rto sprirtgs were the wagorts in common use; there was not a four-wheeled and covered one-horse vehicle in Vergennes until after 1830. Very few stoves were in use previous to 1824; the cooking was all done by open fires on the hearth, in open fire-places; matches were urtknown. To buy a ready-made garment in the stores in those days was im possible. If a farmer wanted a new coat his wife and daughters must secure a fleece of wool and send it to a carding-machine, and receive it back in the form of rolls; then spin it on the old-fashioned spinning-wheel, and either weave it themselves or have it done; then send it to a fulling-mill, where the cloth is fulled, a nap raised, and then pressed. When finished, the man must go to a tailor's and have his garment cut and made. None of the present comforts for the feet were known except the ordinary leather boots, and they had to be made to order, not being kept on sale as at present The first ready-made clothirtg irt Vergertrtes was brought from Montreal. On the 1st of July, 1824, the first number of the Vermont Aurora was pubUshed in Vergennes by Gamaliel Small, editor and publisher. On the 15th of July he says: "Since 1798 no great improvement has been made until with in two years past. Among the manufacturing establishments in Vergennes are a furnace and marble factory recently built, three saw-miUs, two grist-mills carrying seven run of stone, three woolen manufactories, two tanneries, one of which is doing extensive business for the foreign markets, two distilleries, and eleven stores, each having an extensive assortment of goods imported the last spring; there is also a book-store, a house of public worship, three school- houses, and upwards of one hundred dwelling houses. The number of inhab itants within the cortfines of the city is upwards of one thousand, a considerable portion of which have settled here within the last year. There have recently been built and are now building several elegant brick dwellings." While we justly boast of the scenery in and about Vergennes, one of its charms has been sacrificed to the spirit of progress. The island below the falls was a charming spot before the railroad crossed it and conrtected it with the west shore by filling the intervening space. The island contained perhaps an acre and a half of land bordered with trees. It was a favorite camping ground for small bands of Indians, who were in the habit of making annual visits to Vergennes previous to 1830 ; who put up their wigwams there and were visited by the curious, who were expected to buy baskets or bead-work of the squaws. Their birch-bark canoes, artd the skill with which they martaged them, were a wonder and delight. Vergennes, as Remembered by the Older Citizens, about 1825. — Beginning on the south line on the road to Addison, a log house stood at the southwest corner, opposite Dustin Baror's present residence ; one end of the log house City of Vergennes. 679 was in ParttOrt, the other in Vergennes. It was occupied then by King. A little north of King's was a two-story framed house owned by Alured Hitchcock, who died about 1830 leaving a large and interesting family, who soon moved to Illinois ; two of the sons were farmers rtear Galesburg aud orte of them a professor in Knox College at Galesburg ; the oldest daughter mar ried Nehemiah Locy, a teacher in a Western school district and afterward pro fessor in Knox College ; two other daughters married Western men. Hitch cock had a good farm, which was sold after his death to Elliott Sherrill and the house removed. The next house was the large house now standing opposite ' the cemetery ; Sevy Pratt and Solomon Hobbs owned it Just south of where the brick school-house is now, was a long wooden building used many years for a school-house. Opposite was the house now standing there, owned and oc cupied by Mitchell Rock, who worked for Mr. Sherrill many years in his cloth- dressing mill. One of his daughters married Anthony Balduke ; another mar ried Charles ShoUer The brick house south of the school-house was owned and occupied by Samuel P. Strong ; the hUl this side of his house was covered with trees where the boys had to go for the birch twigs needed in the school room to teach the young idea how to shoot Jo. Lebonte, a noted character in Vergennes, lived opposite the present school-house, southeasterly; he had been a servant for Colonel WeUs, and was famous for his witticisms and oddi ties. He had a large family. Mrs. January is the only one remaining in Ver gennes. Asa Strong, one of the first settlers in Vergennes, and long sheriff and constable, lived where Mrs. Jacob Smith now lives, in the house which is now on the opposite side of the street Elliott Sherrill lived where his son | now lives, and George Thomas, a carpenter, opposite. The Thompson house, originally clapboarded, was bricked up about this time and occupied by Major John Thompson, then in active business running carding-machines, etc., on the island. The next house was where Mrs. Phair lives ; it was then occupied by Theodore Clark, and was an inviting place, with a veranda on the south side and all in fine order. The row of houses opposite was not there then, but a large common or green used on training day and other pubUc occasions. The barns of General Strong for the use of his large farm, which extended far up the creek, stood near where is Dr. McGovern's house. General Strong living in the house he buUt in 1796, where J. D. Smith now lives. John H. Sherrill Uved at the Dr. Ingham place, and the Mather family where the bakery is, and there was one other house on the rocks. Opposite Sherrill's were two tene ment-houses in a dilapidated condition. The gambrel-roofed house, where Spencer formerly kept tavern, stood on the corner of Grady's garden, and was occupied by several tenartts, amortg them Aaron Stewart, the father of Shel den Stewart, and John Flanagan, father of the late sheriff of Burlington and hotel-keeper in Hinesburg, and Newton and Martha Flanagan. Opposite was a dwelling and a shoemaker's shop under one roof; Jacob McLean then occu- 68o History of Addison County. pied it. Just below Demper's was a low house used by John Gibson, who tended the Monkton Iron Company's grist-mill, and on the other side of the road was a similar house in which Bradbury's miller lived. Captain Bradbury had a store near the creek, and Theodore Clark had a store at the end of the bridge. Back of Clark's store was a potashery. Irt the space about the land- , ing several small houses stood, making a little settlement by themselves, and rcalled French Village. A small building used by John H. and EUiott Sherrill, Ifor carding and cloth-dressing, stood near and below the bridge ; then a saw- |miU, and farther down stream a storte grist-mill artd mill shed. A pent-road *with a large gate led to the wharf, and by the side of the road and farther south were several large coal barns. The old forges and furnaces were idle, but one dwelling, where Laurence Austin lives now, was occupied, and also the large yellow house where lived John Willson, a pilot on Lake Champlain for many years. He died about 1830, leaving a widow and two sons — WiU iam Willson, long a clerk in Vergennes, and who died in New Jersey ; artd Ed mond, once cashier of Exchange Bank in New York, now a retired capitaUst in Jersey City. There were no sidewalks in Vergennes ; every vacant place in the street on the west side during the winter artd sprirtg was filled with piles of saw-logs and lumber, the logs in vast numbers being drawn irt while sleigh ing lasted, there to await the slow process of being cut into boards by the old- fashioned upright saw. The complaints in regard to our roads and sidewalks are not likely to come from those who then had to pick their way either be tween or over the saw-logs, in the day when rubber over-shoes were unknown and when Vergennes clay possessed all of its native adhesiveness. In 1826 some of the former high expectations in regard to Vergertrtes's future greatrtess had vanished in the decay of the business of the Monktort Iron Company ; but to the young people of that day their elders seemed happy in the pursuit of their various avocations. Their free and generous hospitaUty and their cordial, social intercourse brought to them their own rewards. The district school of the western district must be remembered by those who then attended it as a joyous gathering of happy children and youth, sure ever after to think their schoolmates were made of better material than the rest ' of mankind. At this time a grist-mill owned by Francis Bradbury was in operation, standing where N. G. Norton's mUl is, ruu by Elijah Hitchcock, and on the rocks southwesterly from it was the wool-carding and cloth-dressing shop of Major John Thompson, with one very interesting appendage in the estimation of the boys of that time, viz., the tenter bars extendirtg nearly the length of the island. Ort the small islartd General Strong had two saw-mills, with a lortg sUde upou which logs were drawn up to the mill from rafts below the falls. The bridge across Otter Creek was without other raUing than a stick of square timber laid on the sides. At the east end of the bridge and below it was another cloth-dressing estabhshment, owned and operated by Reuben City of Vergennes. 68 i Wheden, who was an active and enterprising business man. Below his shop was a saw-miU and then a gunsmith's shop, and lower down a blast furnace where A, T. Rathbone cast stoves and hollow ware. The first object of inter est above the bridge after crossing to the east side was the broken cannon set into a cleft in the rocks, a few feet from the water and thirteen feet above the bridge as it then stood, but higher up the stream than it now is. The original | monument which marked the bounds between New Haven artd Ferrisburgh was j a walnut tree, and after the decay of the tree a committee marked the spot where it had been by placing there a broken cannon, where it has since re mained. Just back of this cannon stood a building and tannery much smaller than the present one, and near it were found the remains of the tubs and ap purtenances used in thplhrpTMf^fy gtarf-pH fhpxf '"¦tl_12^2_ About half way up the hill stood a gambrel-roofed house owned by Daniel Nichols and rented to Pemberton. Higher up the hill was a small house occupied by Jemmie Bond, as he was always called, who supplied fresh meat to the citizens, from a cart. On the corrter of Water street was a two-story brick house ; the basement on Mairt street was afterwards used as a store, and the house occupied by its owner. Wait Martin, as a dwelling. The house now occupied by F. C. Strong was then occupied by William H. White. Across the street lived Captain Francis Bradbury, and on the lower corner of the bank lot was a small wooden build ing used for a store and occupied by Hector H. Crane. Where the bank is now, was a two-story wooden house occupied by General Villee Lawrence, the frame of which was moved later to form the present residence of General Grandey. A jeweler's shop, used by Edmund Smith, stood where is the probate office. A portion of the Havens store stood on the corner and was occupied by B. & G. Spencer, merchants. Upon the next block, now so closely buUt, was first Belden Seymour's hat shop, a small wooden store, and then next a simUar building where General Lawrence sold goods and bought produce. Nearly in the middle of the block was the cosy dweUing house of Belden Sey mour, with a yard in frortt filled with shrubbery ; the house was a story and a half and built of wood. Two small wooden stores came next, occupied by F. Huntirtgtort and White & Brush. On the corner stood a low, rambling, gam brel-roofed wooden buUding, which had been used for a tavern ; it was then used for a store and mechanic shops. On the opposite side of Main street was a two-story house, the dwelling of Reuben Wheeler, with a store in orte corner, where Adams & Wheeler traded. Where the Farmers' Bank is, was the law office of Noah Hanley, soon after used as a harness shop by WilUam Joslin. Next was the dweUing house of Reuben Brush, now a part of the hotel, and on the corner was " Rich's tavern," owned by White & Brush and kept by Thomas W. Rich from 1816 to '26. The building C. B. Kidder occupied was a large brick block built by Horace Wheeler, of two stories and basement, the basement stores fronting on Green street being thought very desirable locations. 682 History of Addison County. Scott & Raymond had one of the basement stores, and Azro Bertton another, and Griswold & Painter another Entering the building from Main street into a large hall, on the right was the tailor shop of William Burritt, with his work rooms above ; next came the city jail, and back of that the book-store and bindery of Jeptha Shedd. Irt front on the left hartd side of the hall William R. Bixbey artd WiUiam T. Ward had recently put a stock of goods, being the first goods ever brought through the Champlairt Canal to Vergenrtes. Nathan Hos- kins's law office was in this building, and in December, 1824, Philip C. Tucker had opened a law office in the same building. This building was burned in 1830, and one man who was assisting to remove goods from the building was caught in the falUng building and burned. In the middle of this block was a large, low, gambrel-roofed house occupied by Edward Sutton (formerly occu pied by Amos Marsh and built by Jabez Fitch) ; the house was back from the road, with locust trees in frortt of it A square building stood above the house, which was used as a law office by Smith Booth, and having been moved is now known as Dr. Ingham's chapel. The house now used for a dweUing by J. B. Husted was the Suttou store. A shed artd storehouse occupied the pres ertt site of the Methodist Church. The greeu was then anythirtg but au orrta- mertt to the city, with rto trees ort it, the grouud uneven and at times very wet. The house of WilUam White (now C. A. Booth's) was one of the few painted houses in the city. Samuel Wilson lived where the brick house is and used as a cabinet shop his present dwelling. Hector H. Crane, a merchant and after wards landlord of the Eagle Hotel in Albany, N. Y., lived where Mr Wood- bridge resides. By the side of the street at the corner of the green stood the hay scales, in striking contrast with the present conveniences for weighing ; two ends and a narrow roof, leaving an open space into which the load could be drawn, where chains were fastened to the wheels artd the load lifted by a wind lass and the weight found by a scale beam and poise. Much of the ground rtortherly from the hay scales was public ground belonging to the city, and just back of the town hall and high on the rocks stood the court-house, built in 1 798 for the use of the Legislature in the first instance, and then used for a court-house and a house of public worship, with a Masonic hall in the second story. It was a large square building conspicuous from its location and height. The Wheeler house was occupied by William Burritt for a dweUing house. The house where Dr. Kidder lives was then and had long been kept as a tavern. All public houses of entertainment were then called taverns. This house changed tenartts very often ; Jesse HoUister, Benjamin G. Rogers, Bissell Case, Painter, Norman Allen, William Hartshorn, and Roswell Hawkins were among the number. The Maxfield house was then the dwelling of Daniel W. Buckley, and the stone buildirtg next was a famous store kept by Argalus and Daniel Harmon at art early day. A small yellow house stood on the lot now owned by R. Maldoon, where lived the widow of Dr. HaU, The family of City of Vergennes. 683 David Edmund occupied the house where J. W. Barnes lives. Edmund, who was the boast and pride of Vergennes from 1802 to his death in 1824, built the house at an early date. A small house and blacksmith's shop was rtear Paradee's place, artd the American House was rented to Henry Cronk, long sheriff and constable in Vergennes, and prime mover irt building a long two- story house opposite the hotel for a place of meeting for the few Methodists in Vergennes and vicinity ; they met in the upper room, reached by stairs on the outside. That house and the house then used as a dweUing in connection with the tannery in the Lyman Hollow, were the only ones beyond the Wheeler house on that side of the street, and there was only one ort the other side beyond the American. Ort Water street lived Thomas Byrd, in a house where Dalrym ple's store is. Miss Baldwin lived next in a small house known as the WUcox house, then came the house soon after occupied by William Joslin, and then the blacksmith's shop of Benajah Webster, a building which had been the dwell ing of Samuel Davis, and where Webster Uved until he built the brick house opposite, whert he converted his former dweUing into a shop. An old house stood on the present site of C. D. ' Keeler's residence. Near the dwelling of Robert Ross was a building used by Rodman StoweU for a slaughter-house. The old Green place (now Frartcis McDonough's) was then occupied by the widow of John Green, and mother of William E. Green. On Water street north of Main, towards the wharf, was a mechanic's shop near John Liberty's, and at the base of Battery Hill lived Edmund Smith, a jeweler, in the house lately burned. The space between Potash Brook and the wharf was used as a ship-yard, owned by Captain Jahaziel Sherman, who lived in the house across the street from the wharf About this time Nathan Daggett, a brother of Mrs. Sherman, opened a store at the wharf A tow- path was this year opened to the lake, for towing boats to and from the lake. The steamboat Congress was advertised to make one trip every week from St Johns to Whitehall and back, stopping at Vergennes one way. On Comfort Hill was fourtd the dwellirtg of Edward Roberts ; then Dr. Huntington's large yellow house ; then Cyrus Bostwick's, and next Jonathan Huntington's ; and at the Seymour place was Nathan Daggett Samuel McKilUps Uved at the Bots ford farm and Moses McKilUps where Ezra Champion lives. In the center of A. T. Smith's lot stood the gambrel-roofed house of Daniel Nichols, and Si mon Bush, a cooper, lived where Laport lives. Rev. Alexander Lovell, pastor of the Congregational Church, hved in the Rugg house, on Elbow street; Thomas Geer in the house on the corner. What is now Mrs. Adams's dwelling was then used for a district school-house, where Sidney Dunton taught school. The Bradbury place was the residence of William T. Ward, a merchant, and soon after of Harry B. Seymour ; Noah Hawley, a lawyer, lived where the Parker House stands ; then came a small house in which Simeon WiUard lived. Jeptha Shedd's house is now Judge Roberts's. Where the Cathohc Church 684 History of Addison County. stands was a large house knowrt as the Hitchcock house, but about this time occupied by E. J. Austin, a jeweler. Nearly opposite on Elbow street was the Bostwick House, as called afterwards, and all beyond to the creek was cow pasture. Richard Burroughs lived in the McCuen house, and years before taught a select school in his house. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College in the class of 1 796 ; was a superior mathematician artd pubUshed a work on trigonometry, navigation, and surveying. He died in Waltham at the age of ninety years, having been engaged in teaching about fifty years of his hfe. Fordyce Huntington lived where Mrs. Goulait now lives, and his cow pasture extended up beyond the cemetery. Beyond that lived John Irish and Peter Welch. On South street, east of Philo Bristol's place, hved Dr. Kent Wood, and on Short street, at the Sprague place, lived Edward J. Sutton. On Green street about this time the old wooden building on the corner of Mairt street was taken down artd the lot was vacant a while. A small shop stood in the cen ter of the block and one at the corner, with the stage barns back of it (so called because the stage horses were kept there ready for a change every time the stage passed through Vergenrtes). Opposite was Alfred Duucklee's cooper shop and where Cumming's paint shop is now was thert Joshua Scott's blacksmith shop. The dwellirtg and grounds of E. D. Woodbridge occupied the whole of the school-house lot. Ratio L. StoweU Jiad a hat shop in a small building op posite, and a wheelwright's shop was on the Hawkins corrter A woodert house of one and a half stories, on the site of J. G. Hindes's house, was the home night and day of Walter Perry, a tailor, who lived there twenty years without going into Main street In the Bixbey house lived William A. Emmons, a saddler. Next to the Hindes house on Green street was the most attractive house and grounds in the city — the home of Amos W. Barnum, at that time a bold and successful operator iu the extensive and various business enterprises irt which he was engaged. In his yard were tame deer, and bears chained ; running water in the back yard, brought from the hUl ; stables filled with racing and breeding horses of great fame ; the house and grouuds and stock evidencing the wealth and taste and skill of the owner. The house opposite was built and used by Ratio L. StoweU, who died in 1884 at the residence of his son-in-law, Walter A. Weed, in Shelburne. Abijah Barnum, a brother of Amos W., lived in a house where Mrs. Smith lives ; one house on the corner below, the residence of Spafford, and one opposite where Joshua Scott lived. Horace Wheeler, a business man of great enterprise, lived in the corner house northerly from the Tucker place and Robley had a house and shop on the Tucker grounds. Cummings, a carpenter, lived opposite, and Phineas Young, from New Jersey, the father of a large family, lived near where his son, Benjamin F. Young, lives. Horace Wheeler's tannery was at or over the brook, and John McVene, a blacksmith, and father of John E. McVene, a suc cessful lawyer, lived in the Dudley Gordon house. Nathan Hoskins, a lawyer, City of Vergennes. 685 had a small house where T. C. Middlebrooks resides, and Seth Geer where Ed ward Hayes is. The old stone distiUery stood where the same buildirtg rtow is, artd was then in operation and thought to be as necessary as a grist- miU. In 1824 the owners advertised whisky by the barrel at thirty-seven cents per gallon. On East street was a cluster of small houses called French Village. In one of them resided a Frenchman worthy of honor and sympathy from all patriotic men. His name was Peter Chartie, sometimes called Sharkey and sometimes Carter. He was one of the French patriots who came to this coun try with Lafayette and served with him in the Revolutionary War. It is pleasant to know that he received a pension from our government in his later years. One of his sons, John, built a log house on the bank of Otter Creek a mile below the faUs and gave a name to the " Sharkey Bend " in the creek. The widow of his son Jacob (also a pensioner) died in Vergennes in Septem ber, 1885. City Officers elected in 1825. — Mayor, Amos W. Barnum; aldermen, WUl iam White, Edward Sutton, John H. SherriU, John Thompson ; sheriff and constable, Samuel B. Booth ; city clerk, William White ; common council, Villee Lawrence, Horace Wheeler, Samuel P. Strong; Usters, Belden Sey mour, John H. SherriU, WUliam White, Noah Hawley, Benajah Webster ; rep resentative, Amos W. Barnum. During the second quarter of the present century the methods and customs in mercantile business were somewhat changed. Previously merchants bought only staple articles for sale, and, adding a large percentage for profits, they waited for customers that were pretty sure to come, and many of the early merchants became rich men. Conspicuous among this class in Vergennes were the Harmons, White & Brush, and Edward Sutton. Their day was fol lowed by a time of sharper competition, of greater risks, and more numerous competitors for the trade of the country. Fancy goods were more largely in troduced and profits were not quite as large. People came to Vergennes to buy goods from a great distance in every direction. The merchants of Ver gennes as a class were equal to the situation and were generally successful. Villee Lawrence, among the older ones of this period, obtained the reputation of being a man of clear and comprehensive inteUect, of great general informa tion, and well versed in public affairs. His numerous elections to offices of trust and responsibility attest the favor of his acquaintances. A general in the militia of Vermont, representative of Vergennes in the Legislature, a county seuator, assistartt judge of Couuty Court, and mayor of Vergenrtes, his abUity was recognized in all those positions. He married in 18 14 a daughter of Enoch Woodbridge and sister of Enoch D. Woodbridge, and lived several years in a small house where N. G. Norton now lives artd then in a house on the site of the National Bank. He had three sons and three daughters. His oldest son, Henry C. Lawrence, is still living in Evanston, 111. Charies B. 44 686 History of Addison County. Lawrence became chief justice of Illinois and died a few years since. Edward, a farmer, died soon after. One daughter, Sarah, now deceased, married John Pierpoint, of Vergertnes. The secortd, Elizabeth, married E. W. Blaisdell, of Rockford, IU., and is still Uving; the third daughter married and died in Con necticut. The wife of General Lawrence died young, and he remained a widower until his death at Vergennes in 1866, at the age of seventy-eight years. Fordyce Huntington, all his hfe a merchant, was a man of a happy temperament and passed a serene and tranquil life, winnirtg the respect and affection of his associates. He was many years in partnership with Wm. H. White irt trade, until Mr. White gave up the business to engage in other pur suits. Mr. Huntington was the son of Ebenezer Huntington, one of the first settlers, and long a physician in Vergennes. Fordyce Huntirtgtort married Eliza Smith, a daughter of Noah Smith, aud lived first in a house south of the Catholic Church, and later where C. T. and C. O. Stevens live. He was assist ant judge of the County Court in 1842 and '43. He had two daughters; the oldest married John H. Bowman, then a merchant in Vergennes, and died in Rutland. The youngest daughter is still Uving in Vergennes. Wm. H. White was a popular merchant in his younger days, and partner of Fordyce Hunt ington, until his preference for an active out-door life led him to relinquish the mercantile business. He was interested in farming, and in 1836 purchased the iron works in company with Apollos Austin and Henry Hewitt, and was always an active and busy man. He married Sarah Booth, a daughter of Sam uel B. Booth, of Vergennes, and lived a while in the house now occupied by F. C. Strong. At the death of his father he moved into the house by the green, where he died in 1874. His wife, a most estimable woman, died in 1861. Only one daughter survived him, the wife of Cyrus A. Booth, of Ver gennes. William T. Parker, father of Mayor Parker, of Vergennes, and his brother and mercantile partner, George Parker, both of them strong characters and leading business men in Vergennes, are too well knowrt to the present genera- tiort to need further mention in this cortrtectiort. William T. Ward was a partrter of WiUiam R. Bixbey from 1823 to 1828, and then traded for a number of years iu a small red store at the west end of the bridge. The store was first used by Abel Tomlinsort, afterward by Theo dore Clark, thert by Mr Ward, artd lastly by Obadiah Walker. Mr. Ward had a potash estabUshment near the present ice-house. He is remembered as a fine-looking and agreeable man. He married a daughter of John H. Sherrill and sister of Elliott Sherrill ; they had several children ; the family moved to Ohio. John B. Lovell was a man of much enterprise, a bold artd active business operator, and an impulsive man, but with firmuess ertough to pursue his plans with resolution. He sold goods in the Wheeler block on the corner of Main City of Vergennes. 687 artd Green streets tiU the fire of 1830, and again after it was rebuilt He lived where Edward Wheeler now lives. Horace Onion and Samuel Morgan, from Windsor county, were among the popular and successful merchants of Ver gennes. After Mr Oniort retired from the busiuess Johu H. Bowmart came into the firm, and Morgan & Bowman continued the business. Mr. Onion re turned to Chester Mr Morgart died in 1856 and Mr Bowman now hves in Randolph, Mass. Isaiah Scott, of the firm of Scott & Raymond, was in mercantile business but a few years when he was elected cashier of Vergennes Bank, which position he held untU the marriage of his only daughter to J. D. Atwell, when Mr. Scott left Vergennes and Mr. Atwell was elected cashier. William R. Bixbey came from a Boston clerkship to Vergennes with a stock of goods about 1823 and opened a store in company with William T. Ward in the Wheeler block. He was very soon appointed postmaster by President Monroe, and held the po sition till 1845. Mr. Bixbey from his first coming to Vergennes was an avowed supporter of religiort and morality, and his whole life was marked by a constant practice and advocacy of his principles. He came here at the time when Sunday- schools were first started in Vermont, and very soon, in connection with John Shipherd, organized a Sunday-school which was held in the old court-house for many years and was a great success. Only two members of that first school have continued members of the same school to the present day. Mr. Bixbey continued to be superintertdent about forty years. The agitation of the tem perance question began soon after Mr. Bixbey commenced business, when he abandoned the sale of liquor and continued through his life a most determined opponent of the liquor traffic. He was an active and leading member of the Congregational Church fifty-seven years. He was a man of great firmness of character, positive and decided views, and ever faithful to his convictions of right and duty. He married Lucy Gove, whom he survived for a few years, and died in 1881, leaving two children, Mrs. Bissel, of Chicago, and William G. Bixbey, of Vergennes. Very many other merchants have done business in Vergennes for shorter periods. There were eleven stores in 1824 and fourteeu in 1842. The lawyers in Vergennes are mentioned in the chapter on the Bench and Bar of Addison county. Among the farmers, manufacturers, and mechanics were men of ability whose influence upon the public sentiment of Vergennes and her institutions has beert felt and acknowledged. General Samuel P. Strong, an only son of General Samuel Strong, was brought up with habits of industry and economy. He married in 1 8 1 8 Eliza Smith, a daughter of Judge Isaac Smith, and followed farming for some years on a large farm of irttervale lartd in Vergennes and Pan- ton, lying south of the school-house in the westerrt district, and in 1839 built the house lately occupied by Jacob Smith and family, and surrendered the care 688 History of Addison County. of his home farm to Samuel P. Hopkins. He owned a large lartded estate and several saw-mills. He was president of Vergennes Bank many years; was one of the directors of the Rutland and Burlington Railroad, and deeply irtterested in all that related to the prosperity of Vergennes. He was a man of positive opinions and few words, of a retiring disposition, and had little patience with shams and pretenses and all false show. He was thirty years a member of the Congregational Church, in which he took a deep interest. He died childless in 1864. Major John Thompson was long identified with the business of Vergennes, and passed a busy life of many changes. When quite young he lived with his father on a farm near Basin Harbor, and could tell of coming to Vergennes to mill, bringing his grist on a horse when he had to cross Otter Creek at the Gage ferry, at the mouth of Dead Creek, as there were no bridges over Dead Creek. When older he went to live with General Strong, and in early man hood was sent to the neighboring States and Canada to set up carding-ma chines sold by General Strong, and collect the pay for them. In 1812 he mar ried Susan Mather, whose parents lived where the bakery is, and went on a farm in Addison, where he remained but a short time and returned to Ver gennes, buying the house and forty acres of land where he afterward lived, and started a carding-mill and cloth-dressing shop on the large island by the side of the grist-miU. In 1846 and '47 he was mayor of Vergennes. He was a man of strong peculiarities and much native shrewdness, firm in his attachments and in his prejudices. He died in 1867. EUiott Sherrill, a son of John H. Sherrill, born at Albany, N. Y., in 1795, came with his parents when quite young to Vergennes; was married to Laura f BeUamy, daughter of Justus BeUamy, of Vergennes, December i, 1816. He I was engaged in the early part of his business life in the carding and cloth- I dressing business, at his miUs on the west side of the creek, but at length re- ! tired to the farm now owned by his son. He was notable as a quiet man of I undoubted integrity and sound judgment, happy in the retirement of his home with his books and papers, and universally respected. He survived his wife a few years and died April 30, 1881, aged eighty-six years; one son, Wilham \ A. Sherrill, and one daughter, Mrs. Green, now living in Vergennes. Hosea Willard, whose parents went from West Windsor to Fair Haven in 1818, came from Fair Havert to Vergertrtes to practice his trade as a mason. He immediately acquired the reputation of being a skillful and rapid worker and soon became a contractor and builder, where he found scope for his clear judgment artd quick eye and ready hand. The churches, bank, and many dweUings in Vergennes were built by him. His two brothers, Simeon and Den nison, were also practical masons living in Vergennes. The active mind of Mr. Willard led him in later life to find occupation and amusement in the invention of many ingenious contrivances for saving labor. He married Betsey Benton, City of Vergennes. 689 October 28, 1832, who died in 1878, and Mr Willard in 1883, leaving four children. John D. Ward, who began his business life as a blacksmith working at his forge, is first heard of in Montreal, and was then called to this vicinity to assist in arranging an engine on a steamboat. Coming from Fort Cassin to Vergennes, when passing the house of Major Durand Roburds he saw in the yard in front of the house, Laura, daughter of Major Roburds, and felt that he had met his fate. Not long after he married her and she went with him to Montreal, where by industry and economy he was able to put up a furnace on the site of his blacksmith shop, and to take a trip to England and Scotland to inform himself in regard to his new business. He returned bringing with him Mr. William Ross from Scotland. He was successful in business, which he kept enlarging. He at length sold his interest in it to his brother Lebbeus and came to Vergennes in 1828, purchasing the property of the Monkton Iron Company, where he dug the_cana]_to^carry the water, instead.of _the jald-flume, and put the works in order and managed them successfully until importuned to sell them; he fixed a price, $32,000, and his offer was accepted, and the prop erty passed to the Vergennes Iron Company, consisting of ApoUos Austin, William H. White, and Henry Hewitt Mr. Ward left Vergennes in 1837, to the regret of most of the citizens, who had come to look upon him as a com plete master of his business, as a most desirable citizen, and as a man of strong mind, who by his thorough self-culture had become an authority on scientific subjects and well versed in literary matters. WiUiam Ross, who came from Scotland to Montreal, and thence to Vergennes with John D. Ward, as a ma chinist, was a respected citizen of Vergennes and a skillful worker in wood and iron. He died about 1871, leaving four sons and two daughters. His sons are all excellent machinists. Robert lives in Vergennes. Thomas, who was kiUed in Rutland by the bursting of an emery wheel, was proprietor of the Lincoln Iron Works in Rutland. While in Vergennes he, in company with F. M. Strong, invented the Howe scales, now being manufactured in Rutland. George is in Arkansas extensively engaged in lumbering. Crawford is a ma chinist in West Rutland. Chilion Wines, a brother of Enoch Wines, a noted worker in the cause of prison reform, was a carpenter and joiner and contract or; lived in the house now occupied by James Rock. He was a thoughtful man of considerable reading, a great Bible student, and interested in theories of Miller, the apostie of Second Adventism. Joshua Scott, a blacksmith, was an active and enthusiastic worker in every department in which he engaged. He was the father of Henry A. Scott, who found more agreeable music in the tones of the piano thart irt the ring of the anvil, and became a popular music teacher. Roswell Hawkins, a son of Roger Hawkins, an early settler in this vicinity, was an active, large-hearted man of varied pursuits in Vergennes. Samuel Wilson, an active and intelligent businessman in Vergennes from 18 16, 690 History of Addison County. was a cabinet-maker for half a century or more, and is now living, at the age of ninety-five. The first building in Vergenrtes was the cabin of those who built the saw-mill on the west side of the creek, and on that side the principal business centered for some years; the next point to be improved was the farm ing land above the falls on the east side, and lastly, what is now the business center The fact that so many taverns were kept in Vergennes at an early day is suggestive of land speculators and lumbermeu artd a trartsiertt population. Gideon Spencer and Colonel Alexander Brush were the pioneers in tavern- keeping. In 1795 Jesse HoUister, Wm. Goodrich, David Harmon, Jacob Red ington, Gideon Spencer, and Bulkley Johnson were licensed to keep " houses of public entertainment" Jesse Hollister kept on the easterly corner of Main and East streets; David Harmon where the old bank is; Jacob Redington on easterly corner of Main and Green streets; Gideon Spencer on west side of creek; Bulkley Johnson, unknown; William Goodrich directly opposite the present Stevens House. The Stevens House location was sold in March, 1795, for $120; in July, 1799, to Jesse Hollister for $840; in March, 1800, HoUister deeds to Azriah Painter for $3,000; in 181 1 Painter deeds to A. W. Barnum, and in 1815 Barnum to White & Brush; in 1840 William H. White deeds to Chilion Wines and C. T and C. O. Stevens for $3,000. Painter and his sons, Lyman and Hiram, probably kept the house from 1800 to 1816 ; then Thomas W. Rich tUl 1826; Austin Johnson tiU 1828; S. Dinsmore tiU 1830; J. W. Rogers till 1832; Milton Cram a short time; then Calvin H. Smith. In the survey of the town plot of Ferrisburgh in 1786 a lot in front of the green, ten rods on Main street and six rods on Green street, was designated as a public lot for court-house and jail. In 1796 the corner was leased to Justus Bellamy, on which he was to keep in order a jail forever. Roswell Hopkins and Jacob Redington had before leased it and probably built on it, but the lease was canceled. Redington kept tavern there a few years. The other half of the public lot was sold to Argalus Harmon for $450, in order to put the avails of the sale into building the court-house. The corner of Main and East streets was a favorite tavern stand until about 1835, but changed tenants often. The American Hotel was kept by Henry Cronk a while. In 1824 Thomas Stevens hired it of Amos W. Barnum, and he and his family kept the house most of the time till 1840. Under the old system of teaching the common branches only in the district schools, select schools were started in nearly every village. Richard Burroughs, James Ten Brooke, and Benjamin B. AUen were the most noted teachers of boys' schools in Vergennes. Mrs. Cooke, Miss Jewett, Miss Miller, Mrs. Leavitt, and many others taught young ladies the higher branches and the accomphshments. Mrs. Cooke taught a popular school in the upper room in the old court-house from 1824 about three years. Pre vious to the advent of Mrs. Cooke in 1 803 a bargain was made to erect a build irtg Ort the rtortherly corner of Main and Water streets for a store artd dwelUng City of Vergennes. 691 below, and a room over the store for a women's school and a Masonic hall. It is said that Miss Scisson did teach school there at one time and that the building was burned and the school moved across the street to a room irt what is now the Fortin block. Since the establishment of the graded school in Ver gennes in 1864 the public want in regard to schools seems to have been fully met and satisfied. The Bank of Vergennes, under a State charter granted in 1826, elected their officers March i, 1827, choosing Thomas D. Hammond, Paris Fletcher, Samuel Strong, Belden Seymour, Benjamin Field, Fordyce Huntington, and Amos W. Barnum as directors. Barnum soon resigned and William Nash was elected in his place. Samuel Stroug was made presidertt, and William White cashier. The bank commenced discounting May 2, 1827, in a building on the present site of Bartley's tin shop, with a capital of $100,- 000. The same year a stone building was erected on the corner opposite the hotel for a store in front on Main street, and small banking room in rear, with a strong vault, the entrance to the bank from Green street and from the store. On May 14, 1865, the change was made from the old State Bank to the Na tional Bank of Vergennes, and capital increased to $150,000. The twenty years' charter first taken was renewed in 1885. At present Carleton T. Stearns is president; Andrew Ross, cashier; Charles H. Strong, assistant cashier. The Farmers' National Bank was chartered May 25, 1880, with $50,000 capital, since increased to $75,000. Walter Scranton is president; D. Henry Lewis is cashier; S. W. Hindes, assistant cashier. The present banking house of the National Bank was erected in 1842. Representatives from Vergennes. — Samuel Chipman, 1789; Jabez Fitch, 1790; Enoch Woodbridge, 1791 ; Gideon Spencer, 1795 ; Amos Marsh, 1796; Enoch Woodbridge, 1802 ; Amos Marsh, 1803 ; Samuel Strong, 1804; Thomas Byrd, 1806; John H. Sherrill, 1807; David Edmond, 1808; Amos W. Bar num, 1810; E. D. Woodbridge, 1811 ; A. W. Barnum, 1812; David Edmond, 1 813; E. D. Woodbridge, 18 16'; David Edmond, 18 17; E. D. Woodbridge, 1818; WUliam White, 1819; David Edmond, 1821 ; Edward Sutton, 1822; E. D. Woodbridge, 1824; A. W. Barnum, 1825; Noah Hawley, 1827; Philip C. Tucker, 1829; Belden Seymour, 1831 ; John H. Sherrill, 1832 ; E. D. Wood- bridge, 1834; Jahaziel Sherman, 1835; Belden Seymour, 1837; Fordyce Huntington, 1838; William T Parker, 1840 ; John Pierpoint, 1841 ; E. D. Woodbridge, 1842; George W. Grandey, 1843; Villee Lawrence, 1845; Ed ward Seymour, 1847; F- E- Woodbridge, 1849; George W. Graudey, 1850; F. E. Woodbridge, 1857; George W. Grandey, 1859; Edward Seymour, i860; C. M. Fisher, 1862; William S. Hopkins, 1864; B. F. Goss, 1866; George W. Grandey, 1868; Paschal Maxfield, 1870; Walter G. Sprague, 1874; F. E. Woodbridge, 1876; Walter Scrauton, 1878; G. F. O. Kimball, 1882; D. H. Lewis, 1884. Mayors of Vergennes. — Enoch Woodbridge, 1794; Roswell Hopkins, 1796; 692 History of Addison County. Thomas Byrd, 1799; Roswell Hopkins, 1801 ; Thomas Byrd, 1802; Amos Marsh, 1807 ; Josias Smith, 1810; Samuel Strong, 181 1 ; Smith Booth, 1815 ; David Edmond, 18 19; Amos W. Barnum, 1824; John H. SherriU, 1828; Bel den Seymour, 1830; John D.Ward, 1833; Belden Seymour, 1836; Elliott Sherrill, 1838; Villee Lawrence, 1839; E. D. Woodbridge, 1 842 ; Villee Law rence, 1845; John Thompson, 1846; John Pierpoint, 1848 ; George W. Gran dey, 1855; F. E. Woodbridge, 1861 ; George W. Grandey, 1864; John E. Roberts, 1867; George W. Grartdey, 1871 ; John D. Smith, 1872; WiUiam S. Hopkins, 1875; F. E. Woodbridge, 1879; George W. Grandey, 1880; Joel H. Lucin, 1881 ; Charles E. Parker, 1884; N. J. McCuen, 1886. Post-office in Vergennes, Addison county, Vt, established in 1792. Post masters. — Alexander Brush, March 2, 1793; Josias Smith, August 10, 1793; Asa Strong, October i, 1795 ; Samuel Chipman, April i, 1799; WilUam Fes senden, AprU I, 1802 ; John WUcox, December i, 1802; John Green, October I, 1808; Abel Tomlinson, April i, 18 1 1 ; Joseph Tomlinsort, February 3, 1812; Abel TomUnson, July i, 18 14; John H. Sherrill, January 29, 18 16; William R. Bixbey, April 8, 1824; John Parker, July 29, 1845 \ Elijah W. Blaisdell, jr.. May 23, 1849; Philip C. Tucker, May 24, 1853 ; George W. Grandey, April I, 1 86 1 ; John D. Smith, December 18, 1865 ; Hiram C. Johnson, April 21, 1869; George F. O. KimbaU, July 16, 1885. Mercantile Business. — Very many of the early business enterprises and the men who carried them on have already received mention in these pages. One of the older merchants of the city gives us the names of the following men who were in trade here about 1830—35 ; G. & W. T. Parker carried on mercantile business, and Villee Lawrence also, in his own buUding on the site of the pres ent stone building. William R. Bixbey was in trade, and Onion & Morgan were located in a building now occupied by Mr. Haven. John B. Lovell traded where Kidder now is, and William H. White where Mr. McCuen is now in business. William T Ward had a store on the west side. Harry B. Sey mour manufactured and sold hats, and Samuel Sedgwick was the city tailor. A hotel was kept by Roswell Hawkins in the building now occupied by C. W. B. Kidder, and Thomas Stevens kept the old Stevens House in the building since knowrt as the American House. Coming down to merchants of later days and those of the present time, we may mention C. A. Booth, who served as clerk in 1836 for G. & W. T Parker, where Lawrence Bartley's tin-shop now is. He began trade on his own account before 1850, first where N. J. McCuen is in trade. That block was built by WiUiam H. White. The stone building where Mr. Booth is rtow located was built by Russell, and was known as Russell's block. In that store Will iam R. Bixbey was the first merchartt, and he sold out to Mr. Booth. The lat ter began trade in his present location in 1877, and is rtow associated with his son, WiUiam W. Booth, who began as clerk for G. & W. T. Parker in 1863. City of Vergennes. 693 Between then and the time of the formation of the present firm there were several changes which need not be further detailed. Their business is in hardware of all kinds. F. K. Haven has been in business here since about 1850, beginning where Charles Kidder is now located. After a short period in Albion, N. Y., he returned and opened trade where WilUam Dalrymple now is. The firm was then Strong & Haven, Foster Strong being the partner This continued untU 1867, since which time Mr Haven has been alone. He occupied his present store in 1855, and carries a stock of hats, caps, boots and shoes, furnishing goods, carpets, etc. C. E. Kidder began his general mercan tile business in March, 1879, in the store now occupied by J. B. Husted. He removed to his present location in October, 188 1, succeeding I. H. Smith & Co. Chamberlain & Co. (the firm comprising W. P. Chamberlain, Frank Huntress, and W. H. Patten) began the dry goods trade in 1879, and occupied their present site in October, 1885, succeeding George W. Ross, who had done a general business for a number of years. Lawrence Bartley occupies the store where a hardware and stove trade had been carried on for a good many years by M. J. Graves, Stewart & Baldwin, and J. N. Hawley. Mr. Bartley began in September, 1884. Smith & Ketchum (I. H. Smith and H. Ketchum) be gan their furniture trade about 1872, succeeding Charles Adams on the same site. Charles Dennison began the sale of drugs and medicines in his present store in January, 1884, succeeding W. G. Sprague, one of the old druggists. His location is in the Dyer block, built and owned by J. M. Dyer, of Salisbury. J. B. Husted, merchant tailor and dealer in clothing, began business about the year 1842, first where G. W. Grandey's office now is. He removed to his present location when the block was built in 1867. F. H. Foss, who was formerly connected with the manufacture of shade rollers, as manager, began his present business in 1884, and carries a large stock of hardware, jewelry, books, stationery, etc. I. H. Donnelly has been engaged in merchant tailor ing here since about 1878, coming from Keeseville, N. Y. E. C. Scott began the grocery and provision trade in Green street in 1873, and removed to his present store in 1880. O. C. Dalrymple has carried on a grocery and crockery trade since 1880, and occupied his present location in 1883. D. R. Young succeeded J. E. Young in the sale of drugs and medicines in 1882. The latter had been in business here since 1869. George E. Stone began business in selling boots and shoes and groceries, and deahng largely in produce in 1883, succeeding P. & M. T Bristol ; they were in the trade many years. W. R. Dalrymple formerly sold groceries and crockery where O. C. Dalrymple is located, and begart his present business in boots and shoes, hats and caps, in 1882. E. G. Norton succeeded J. N. Norton in the sale of feed and grain in 1882. Robert Hudson began the sale of stoves and tinware on his present site in 1882. E. T. Barnard & Co. succeeded James J. Barnard in the manu facture and sale of harness and saddlery in 1876. The latter had been in the business since 1862. -694 History of Addison County. Banks. — The Farmers' National Bank was estabhshed irt Juue, 1880, with a capital of $50,000, which was irtcreased to $75,000 in 1885. The president is Walter Scrantort ; M. F. Allen, vice-president ; D. H. Lewis, cashier ; S. W. Hindes, assistant cashier. The directors are Walter Scranton, H. W. Le Roy, N. F. Dunshee, C. W. Read, M. F. Allen, and D. H. Lewis. The Bank of Vergennes was established in 1827 with a capital of $100,000; Samuel Strong was made its president, and William White cashier. The bank was located on the site occupied by N. J. McCuen until 1843, when it was removed to its present location. In 1865 the bank was rechartered as the National Bank of Vergennes, with a capital of $150,000. The charter was renewed in 1885 for twenty years. The present officers are as follows: C. T. Stevens, president ; David Smith, vice-president ; Andrew Ross, cashier ; Charles H. Strong, assistant cashier. The directors are Marshall Smith, Herrick Stevens, Thomas S. Drake, Russell T Bristol, Joshua M. Dean, with the president and vice-president Manufactures. — In the face of the fact that Vergennes possesses a magnifi cent water power, and the place would seem to be admirably situated for car rying on extensive manufacturing operations, still industries of importance are less numerous to-day than they have been at times in the past The causes that have brought about this state of affairs we shall not attempt to discuss ; but the inhabitants of the city feel the consequences keenly, at the same time that they cannot, or do not, successfully attempt to place the manufactures of Vergennes upon the high plane where they belong. Chief among the manu facturing establishments of the present time is the National Horse Nail Com pany, which was formed in the fall of 1868. It is an incorporated company, with Lawrence Barnes, of Burlington, as president ; D. H. Lewis, Vergenrtes, secretary and treasurer ; J. G. Hindes, manager. The buildings are owned by the Vergennes Water Power Company, an organization which was formed in 1866 and purchased the property known as the Vergennes Iron Company, with its water privUege, on the west side of the creek, and about eighty acres of land. Its purpose was to erect buildings as demanded and lease the water privileges to manufacturers. The buUdings in use by the nail company were erected for their particular use. The company employs about fifty hands. In the large wooden building adjoining the nail works, the Flanders pump was formerly extensively manufactured by J. P. F. Flanders & Co. The business was closed about 1876 and removed to Burlington. G. W. Kendall carries on the manufacture of doors, sash and blinds, in which business he has been en gaged either alone or with partners since 1 869 ; the business was at one time much larger than at present, and employed between thirty and forty men. Mr. Kendall occupies a buildirtg, owned by the Vergennes Water Power Com pany, which is stocked with excellent machinery. Alden & Cotey (C. E. Al den and L. C. Cotey) are also engaged in the manufacture of doors, sash and City of Vergennes. 695 Winds, and bee-keepers' supplies, and are contractors and builders, which busi ness they began in 1884, succeeding Erastus Daniels. This factory is also a part of the property of the Vergennes Water Power Company. The Ver mont Shade Roller Manufacturing Company, located at the west end of the bridge, was established by George D. Wright and fF. H. Foss, and W. and D. G. Crane in 1877, for the manufacture of shade roUers, slats, etc. In 1883 it was changed to a stock company, with W. Crane as president ; Daniel Robin son, vice-president ; A. G. Crane, treasurer. The capital is $60,000. The first buildings were burned, and the present ones erected in 1884. S. A. Tuttle is superintendent and one of the stockholders. The Island Grist-mill, located on the island at the head of the falls, stands on the site of the old Bradbury mill, which was burned in June, 1877. The miU is operated by N. G. Norton, who also carries on a lumber trade and handles the Syracuse ¦chilled plow. I. H. Smith and Harvey Ketchum, under the firm style of Smith & Ketchum, began the manufacture of furniture at their present loca tion in 1878. They bought out Holland & Parker and do a large business, employing twenty-five hands. Bartley, Fisher & Co. (Lawrence Bartley, J. G. Fisher, and John Fusha) began the manufacture of furniture in 1880. They succeeded Hayes, FaUardo & Parker, who manufactured doors, sash and blinds. The building occupied by them was erected by Wm. E. Green and John E. Roberts, for the Sampson Scale Company, which remained in business but a short time. F. M. Strong is engaged in the manufacture of wagon hubs and ¦spokes, which business he has followed since about 1879, a part of the time with a partner. His business reaches $25,000 a year. Joseph Paradee and Napoleon Roy are carriage and wagon makers in the city, both of whom have been in the business for many years. Morris Dubuke and A. GraveUne are blacksmiths here, the latter also manufacturing wagons. Hotels. — The Stevens House stands upon a site that has almost from the earliest history of the city been devoted to hotel purposes, and a portion of the present structure dates back to about 1 800. It has been many times enlarged and rebuilt, the brick portion having been added in 1848. The house is at present well managed by S. S. Gaines. What was for many years kept as the American House has been lately taken by G. W. Peck, who has established a livery in connection with the house. Insurance. — J. S. Hickok does an extensive business in insurance, in which he has been engaged since 1875. He now represents the ^tna, of Hartford ; the Insurance Company of North America, Philadelphia ; Phoenix, of Hartford ; German American of New York ; Springfield Fire and Marine ; the Niagara of New York ; Liverpool, London and Globe, and in hfe insurance the North western and the Travelers. W. G. Sprague began the irtsurance in 1884, and represents the Commer cial Union of Londort ; Phoenix, of London ; Continental Fire, of New York ; 696 History of Addison County. the Vermont Mutual, of Montpelier; and in Ufe irtsurance the ^tna, the State- Mutual, of Worcester, Mass., and the Accident Insurauce Comparty of North. America at Montreal. ecclesiastical. Congregational Church. — Of this church the Rev. Daniel C. Sanders wrote in 1795 as follows : " Future successive ages may have a laudable curiosity to know the history of the beginning of this particular church of Christ, first estabhshed in the in fant city of Vergennes. To gratify them the following remarks are submitted to the eye of the candid and inquisitive. The population of the place was rapid beyond the most sanguine calculations. In a very few years they had numbers to make a respectable congregation. Circumstances, obvious in a new, uu- cultivated country, prevented them from having any regular preaching of the Word for some time. In the year 1 790 they procured a regular candidate for a short period. They had little regular preaching until the year 1792, in the month of May, when a candidate, Mr. Daniel Clark Sanders, A. M., educated irt the University of Cambridge, New England, came among them and con tinued several months. He received an invitation to* settle in the work of the- ministry among them, but circumstances at that time were thought to be un favorable. In the fall of 1793 he again received an invitation to settle in the gospel ministry, with which he at length complied. Previous to this a regular church was organized under the superintendence of Rev. C. M. Smith, of Sha ron, who had been sent as a missionary from Connecticut to the northern in fant settlements in Vermont This reverend gentleman, at the request and with the assistance of several individuals, framed the Articles of Christian Faith and Covenant of the Church, and regularly declared them, on September 17,. 1*793. a regular Church of Christ" Mr. Sanders was ordained June 12, 1794, and remained here until August,. 1799, when he removed to Burlington, and soon afterward accepted the presi dency of the University of Vermont Six members only are recorded as hav ing been added to the church previous to 1 807. After being without a pastor and dependent on occasional supplies for several years, Mr. John Hough was hired for three months, and finally ordained March 12, 1807. He continued here as pastor until August 25, 1812, when he was dismissed at his request He was afterwards for many years a professor in Middlebury College. During his ministry sixty-nine members were added to the church. The- church remained without a pastor for five years, but was supplied with preach ing much of the time by candidates and neighboring ministers. During this- time sixty-five members were added to the church. Mr. Alexander LoveU was ordained October 22, 1817, and remained pastor of the church until No vember 10, 1835, when he was dismissed by advice of council and at his own City of Vergennes. 697 request During his pastorate of eighteen years, one hundred and forty per sons united with the church. In 1834 the present house of worship was erected and dedicated. Previous to this, for several years after its organization, the ¦church held its meetings in private houses and in school-houses. In 1797 a large building was erected on the highest land in the city for a State house. The Legislature occupied it only one year, 1798. It was afterward used as a court-house, and on the Sabbath as a place for religious worship. From the dismission of Mr. Lovell, November 10, 1835, to August 31, 1836, the church was again without a settled pastor. In this interim one hundred and seventy- six united with the church, most of them on profession. This large increase in so short a time was the result irt part of a great revival under the lead of Rev. Jedediah Burchard. Rev. Harvey F. Leavitt was installed August 31, 1836, and continued the active and efficient pastor ofthe church until March 19, i860, when he was dismissed by a mutual council called at his request. His death occurred November 11, 1874. During the twenty-four years of his ministry there were three hundred and twenty-four admissions to the church. The pulpit was supplied during most of the next year by Rev. Calvin Pease, president of the University of Vermont. Rev. George B. Spalding was in- ¦stalled October 3, i86i,' and was dismissed August i, 1864, to become the pastor of the North Church in Hartford, Conn. During his ministry nineteen persons united with the church. Rev. H. A. P. Torry was installed May 3, 1865, and dismissed August 18, 1868. During his pastorate twenty-five per sons united with the church and in the succeeding interim thirty-six more. Rev. Horace P. V. Bogue was installed November 25, 1869, and was dismissed Sep tember 24, 1872. Seventeen persons were received into the church at this time. Rev. WiUiam P. Aiken was installed April 9, 1873, and dismissed January 30, 1876. Thirty-seven were added to the church during his pastorate. Rev. George E. Hall was installed May 2, 1877, ^nd continued until the installation ofthe present pastor. Rev. A. A. Robertson, on the ist of July, 1884. The deacons of the church are Josiah Parker and Andrew Ross ; clerk, Julius S. Hickock ; Sunday-school superintendent, Isaac H. Smith. The present mem bership is about 230. St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church. — This church was organized in 1833, by Cyrus Booth, Belden Seymour, John Pierpoint, George and WilUam Parker, W. H. White, WiUiam T. Ward, and others. Rev. Charles Fay was secured as the first pastor. The church edifice was erected in 1834, of brick, capable of seating 250 persons. To this church the Rev. Charles John Ketch um ministered recently, and was succeeded in the present year (1886) by the Rev. D. B. Taylor. The present membership is about one hundred. The church officers are C. A. Booth, senior warden; Dr F. W. Coe, junior ward en ; C. A. Booth, F. W. Coe, Charles E. Parker,, vestrymen ; Charles E. Parker, ¦superintendent. 698 History of Addison County. Baptist Church. — This church was organized in September, 1868, and was chiefly the result of the labors of the first pastor. Rev. Joseph Freeman. There were at first only nirte members, artd services were held for a time irt the town hall. The vestry of the church building was erected and dedicated in 1877, but the entire buildirtg is not yet finished. The membership at present is eighty-six. James A. Austin and E. H. Daniels are the deacons. Rev. R. H. Sherman assumed the pastorate in 1885. The Methodist Episcopal Church. — This society was organized with about thirty members in 1840, through the labors of the first pastor. Rev. C. R. Wilkins. The house of worship was erected in 1841 at a cost of $7,000. The property is now valued at over $10,000, and there it rto debt ort the church. A firte parsonage has been built and lately considerably improved. The church officers are Ira Knowles, John Clark, W. R. Dalrymple, Henry A. Haw ley, E. J. Bristol, W. W. Ward, Eli Roberts, stewards ; H. E. Goodere, class leader; H. A. Hale, superintendent of Sabbath-school. The church mem bership is 225, including the Ferrisburgh church, and about 150 in Vergennes alone. The Holy Family Roman Catholic Church was organized in 1834, and in 1854 the first church edifice was erected of wood; this continued in use until 1872, when the present brick structure was built at a cost of $2,500. Rev. P. A. Campeaux assumed charge of the church in 1884, succeeding Rev. Father Joseph Kerlidon. The church is now called St Peter's Church. Schools. — Reference has already been made to the early schools of the city, and it only remains to describe those of the present time. The city is now di vided into two districts, the creek forming the dividing line. In the east dis trict is a graded school, which is provided with a commodious three-story school buUding erected in 1863. This school has an average attendartce of about 250 scholars, and is in charge of Aaron B. Clark as principal, with a competent corps of assistants. The west district has only a one-story brick building, erected in 1830, and employs only one teacher. W. G. Fairbanks is superiutertdertt of schools in the city at the present time. The two districts were uuited in 1885, and now form one district The Champlain Arsenal, a United States institutiou, was formerly irt exist- ertce here, comprising extensive buildings and twenty-eight acres of land, val ued at over $100,000. The State was given the privilege of storing a quantity of war munitions here while the institution maintained its military character. In 1865 this farm and arsenal property were purchased by the State and trans formed into the Vermont Reform School. The buildings were altered to suit the requirements of the school, and the young of both sexes who have been led into crirne are cared for upon a system believed to be based upon more humane ideas than those that prevail in ordinary prisons, Champlain Valley Agricultural Society. — This society was permanerttly City of Vergennes. 699 organized in January, 1881, but it had under temporary organization held two fairs previous to that time. The grounds are located near the city and are now supplied with proper buildings for the display of stock and other products. The grounds are now the property of John M. Dyer, who guarantees the pay ment of the premiums offered, placing the society upon a firm basis. The offi cers are H. S. Jackman, of Waltham, president ; A. T. Booth, of Ferrisburgh, William E. Greene, of Vergennes, vice-presidents ; secretary, M. T. Bristol,, Vergennes; directors, F. E. Sears, Panton; Warren H. Peck, New Haven;. O. H. Fisher, Addison ; E. S. Wright, Weybridge ; G. F. O. Kimball, Ver gennes. Masonic. — The charter of Dorchester Lodge, No. i, F. and A. M., of Ver gennes, dates back to October 12, 1798, though there are documents showing^ assembling of Masons as early as May 24, 1792. The first officers appear on record under date of February 11, 1795, and are Samuel Whitcomb, W. M.; J. B. Fitch, S. W.; WUliam Goodrich, J. W.; Richard Barnum, S. D.; Asa. Strong, tiler No further records appear until 1807. On the lOth of January, 1848, the lodge number was changed from 3 to i, which it still retains. The charter members were Enoch Woodbridge, John Chipman, RosweU Hopkins, WiUiam Brush, and Samuel Strong. Since its organization it has initiated 456' persons, and is in a prosperous condition to-day, with a membership of 116 persons and the foUowing officers : Frank A. Goss, W. M.; OUn A. Smith, S. W.; Edward A. Field, J. W.; Charies T. S. Pierce, secretary; D, Henry Lewis, treasurer; R. R. O'Bryan, S. D.; Walter J. Sprague, J. D.; C. H. Mar shall, S. S.; E. C. Scott, J. S.; E. D. Roburds, marshal ; A. B. Tabor, tiler Royal Arch Masons. — Jerusalem R, A. C, No. 2, dates its charter back to- AprU 4, 1805. It was organized by Zebulon R. Shipherd, deputy grand high. priest of the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of New York State. Its charter mem bers were John Chipman, Smith Booth, Asa Strong, Jesse Lyman, Durand Ro burds, Ezra Perry, Jared Brace, David Edmonds, Calvin Harmon, Solomoa Miller, Charles Buckley, Solomon Williams, Carter Hitchcock, Benjamirt Chan dler, Seth Storrs, David Chipman, and Samuel Hitchcock. At the first elec tion the following were elected officers : John Chipman, M. E. H. P.; Samuel Hitchcock, E. K.; Josias Smith, E. S.; Solomon Williams, C. ofthe H.; Jesse Lyman, P. S.; Samuel Clark, R. A. C; Durand Roburds, G. M. 3d V.; Jabez G. Fitch, G. M. 2d V.; Asa Strong, G. M. ist V.; David Edwards, secretary; Calvin Harmon, treasurer. This chapter, until January, 1869, held its meet ings alternately here and at Middlebury. At that time an amicable division was brought about and this chapter has been in a flourishing conditiort ever since, with a present membership of eighty-five, though 220 appear ou its roUs; but some have gone to other chapters, and others to the ministratiorts of the Grand High Priest above. Its present officers are Ransom R. O'Bryan, M. E. H. P.; Olin A. Smith, E. K.; Richard Maldoon, E. S.; C. T S. Pierce, secretary;. 700 History of Addison County. George F. O. Kimball, treasurer; S. A. Tuttle, C. ofthe H.; F. A. Goss, P. S.; A. B. Tabor, R. A. C; F. T Hodgdou, G. M. 3d V.; E. A. Field, G. M. 2d V.; W. L. Beray, G. M. ist V.; E. C. Scott, M. T. Bristol, Stewards ; S. J. Allen, sentinel. Vergennes Council, No. 2, R. & S. M. — This Masonic body was organized January 13, 1818, by Deputy John H. Cottort, from Baltimore, Md. Its char ter members were Martin Stone, Amos W. Barnum, Oliver Bangs, Enoch D. Woodbridge, Asa Strong, Abijah Barnum, Russell A. Barnum, Amasa Bel knap, and Horace Wheeler. It was first officered by Martin Stone, T I. G. M.; Amos W. Barnum, D. I. G. M.; Oliver Bangs, P. C; Seth Gere, C. of the G.; E. D. Woodbridge, treasurer ; S. H. Tupper, secretary ; Asa Strong, G. stew ard. In 1855 a new charter was granted, and the society is working with the foUowing officers: StUes A. Tuttle, T I. G. M.; R. R. O'Bryan, D. M.; W. S. Hopkins, P. C; Wm. W. Booth, recorder; M. T. Bristol, treasurer; J. L. Grandey, C. of the G.; R. Maldoon, C. of the C; H. H. Burge, steward ; S. J. Allen, sentinel. 1 Physicians. — The medical profession has been honored in Vergennes by the labors of several eminent men, sketches of some of whom have been given in this work. Brief notes of those at present practicing here may not be with out future historical value. Dr. W. S. Hopkins is the physician of the longest practice in the city ; but we have not been favored with memoranda of his life. Dr George F. B. WUlard, born in Boston July 26, 1853, was graduated at Middlebury College in 1876, studied medicine at the St. Louis Medical Col lege, and was graduated in March, 1883. He has practiced in Vergennes since that date. Dr. E. W. Chipman, born in Brooklyn July, 1862, studied his profession at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, and in the University of Vermont, graduating in June, 1885 ; practiced first in New York, and in November, 1885, came to Vergennes, entering the office of Dr. Kidder The latter is one of the oldest physicians in this part of the State. Charles W. B. Kidder was born in Wethersfield, Windsor county, Vt., in 18 19, stud ied medicine at Castleton, and was graduated in 1843; practiced first in Provi dence, R. I., about five years ; then irt Peru, N. Y., about three years ; then in Troy about four years, coming to Vergennes in 1857. Since that date he has enjoyed a long and successful professional career. Dr. L. E. Dionne was born in Quebec and studied medicine in Magill CoUege, Montreal, graduating in 1862 ; practiced in New Market, N, H., until 1884, going thence to Canada, and removing to Vergennes in 1885. Dr A. A. Arthur, homoeopathist, born in 1842 in Keeseville, N. Y., studied his profession in BeUevue Hospital, New York, graduating in 1865 ; practiced first in Elizabethtown, N. Y., one year, and came thence to Vergenrtes. Dr. Enoch D. Woodbridge, member of an honored family in the professions, is in the practice of -medicine here ; but we are without data of his Hfe. 1 Compiled for this work by C. T. S. Pierce, of Vergennes. City of Vergennes. 701 In the dental profession in Vergennes Dr Coe had an experience extend ing over a period of forty years. With him studied Dr F. F. Pierce, who was born in Salisbury, Vt, in 1832. He began practice in Brandon in i860, and came to Vergennes in 1884. E. McGovern was born in Canada in 1848, and studied his profession in Middlebury and in New York. He began practice in Vergennes in 1873. The legal profession, which has been so honorably represented here, has been sufficiently treated in the chapter devoted to the Bench and Bar of the county. The following is a list of the names of the volunteers who enlisted in Ver mont regiments during the late war, as compiled from the adjutant-general's report : Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : F. Adams, G. W. Adams, E. Allen, G. Ayres, S. Ayres, J. Bartiey, J. Bart ley, P. Barton, W. L. Boyden, E. E. Burroughs, J. Champaigne, J. Cokeley, T. Corcoran, T. Dompier, E. N. Drury, C. H. Edwards, J. Fales, E. J. Fisher, W. Fisher, J. Fitzsimmons, B. L. Fortin, A. Gilmore, S. Green, H. Hoy, J. January, C. W. B. Kidder, C. King, E. King, E. King, L. King, G. W. Law- son, L. Liberty, D. Martin, J. Martin, C. G. McAllister, W. G. McCarter, D, McKinn, R. E. McLaughlin, G. Meigs, F. Miller, J. Miller, D. Morgan, H. Noble, P. O'Briep, W. E. Owen, S. Packard, A. Palmer, W. Palmer, C. E. Parker, G. Parker, jr, H. Phair, C. H. Piatt C. Price, F. Price, J. A. Prindle, J. Rock, A. Sands, E. Sheldon, J. Sheldon, H. Smith, F. Snay, E. D. Squires, H. D. StoweU, H. StoweU, C. B. Strickland, F. B. Strickland, L. TorvUle, C. A. Tredo, J. Wheeler. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls : Volunteers for three years. — C. Jandreau, J. Thompson. Volunteers for one year. — J. Douglass, J. Lafountain, I. Miller, A. J. Pres ton, J. Preston, J. Riley, J. Scanlon, O. ThibeauU, M. Welch. Volunteers re-enlisted. — W. F. Brink, L. Brooks, V{. Hall, E. King, C. G. McAllister, F. Miller, W. Palmer, J. A. Prindle, C. Price, L. TorviUe, T Train, A. Williamson, L. Woodward. Veteran reserve corps. — E. F. Squires. Not credited by name. — Three men. Volunteers for nine months. — F. Barton, J. Fosha, E. January, H. MiUer, J. Miller Furnished under draft — Paid commutation, C, Bottsford, J. Breman, C. Sherman, W. H. Smith. 45 702 History of Addison County. CHAPTER XXXV. history of the town of waltham." WALTHAM was chartered in 1761 by Goverrtor Wentworth, of New Hampshire, in common with New Haven, of which it was formerly a part It contained about nine square miles, and by special act of the General Assem bly of Vermont was taken from the northwest corner of New Haven, after the city of Vergennes was incorporated in November, 1 796. At a meeting of the citizens, March 30, 1797, its organization was perfected by the electiort of P. Brown, moderator; Andrew Barton, jr., town clerk and treasurer; Doctor Griswold, constable and collector, and Phinehas Brown, Joseph Langworthy, and Moses Pier, selectmen. The name of Waltham was suggested as a proper one for the new town by Phinehas Brown, who came from Waltham, Mass. It has no post-office and never had a separate charter, and had no common busi ness center within its limits, being a strictly agricultural town, the business of its citizens in trade and commerce b^ing transacted in the city of Vergennes and the adjoining towns of Weybridge and New Haven. A range of high hills intersects the town north and south near its center, and at one point assumes the proportions of a mountain, called "Buck Mountain." On either side of this range the land slopes gradually ; on the east to the line of New Haven and beyond, and on the west to Otter Creek. It has a variety of soil well adapted to grazing and cultivation, and many of the farms rank with those most noted in the beautiful Champlain valley. No settlement was made in the town prior to 1769, when a few families from Massachusetts aud Connecticut came in and commenced clearing the unbroken wilderness. Many of these families took up lots contiguous to each other and at about the same time, and by their native energy and necessary industry made such progress in clearing the lands, build ing comfortable though rude dwellings, opening roads, and other general im provements, that their success as pioneer settlers would have been permanently assured but for the jealousy and greed of the Yorkers, who seemingly allowed no opporturtity to pass by which they could harass and annoy their less nu merous and poorer neighbors. It is well understood that several of these fam ilies, or members thereof, who resided here previously to the war, were, with others from adjacent towns, carried away by bands of Tories and Indians artd never returned, while others by some means escaped after years of priva tion and suffering, and returned to occupy their lands. Among the first set tlers in Waltham were a few of the grantees of New Haven, or their immedi ate descendants, and others, who are not included in the list of grantees. It appears of record that John Everts, of Salisbury, Court., was deputed by the 1 Prepared for this work by William S. Wright. c^^ffu^oiA. Town of Waltham. 703 grantees to obtain a charter of a township from Governor Wentworth, and ac complished the business pf his mission, at the date first mentioned in this sketch. It is not certain that John Everts ever resided in Waltham, yet his family was represented in the early settlement of the town, and several families of the name of Everts of successive generations have been, and still are, perma nertt and influential citizens in town. One author gives the name of John Ev erts as the first town clerk of New Haven, but in searching the records the statement needs confirmation, and is doubtless erroneous. He might have been proprietors' clerk, but auother name appears as first town clerk, and stands affixed to official papers, placed upon the early records. All agree that An drew Barton, jr., was the first town clerk of Waltham, and also the first justice ofthe peace, elected in 1 791. He was a well-educated man for his time, and his native talents were much above the average. He died in 1802, in the prime of his manhood, aged forty-one years. His residence was on the West street near the center of the town, at present occupied by his grandson, A. B. Rose, and one of the firtest locations in this or adjoining towns. He had sev eral brothers, residents of Waltham and New Haven. In addition to the names of first and early settlers mentioned, may be here noticed others who figured conspicuously in giving character to the commu nity and promoting the general and important interests of the town. Before the war came John Griswold, sr, and his five sons, John, jr., Nathan, Adoni jah, David, artd Doctor; Eli and Durand (father and son) Roburds, Andrew and Dyer Barton, Phinehas Brown, and others. About that time, or a little later, came Isaac Hobbs, Ichabod Cook, Ebenezer, Zebulon, and Roger Haw kins, Joseph Almy, Nathaniel Chalker, Jesse Ward, Joseph Langworthy, Moses Pier, William and George Fisher, Daniel Chipman, Luther and Calvin Everts, and Christopher Dennison. He and the four eldest sons of John Griswold were taken prisoners by a band of Indians and carried with others into Canada. John, jr., induced by a promise of liberty, went as a hand on board a transport ship that sailed from Quebec for Ireland, and was never after heard from. The others returned at the close of the war. Adonijah located in the east part of the town, near the residence of H. Everts, reared a family of five sons, left the town about 1830, and went with his family to Illinois, where he died at an ad vanced age. Nathan lived and perhaps died in Vergenrtes. David located on the farm lately owned and occupied by H. C. Hunt, in New Haven, and spent the remnant of his life there. Doctor located on the West street in Waltham, and built the stone house now occupied by C. D. Bristol. He was many years a prominertt citizen and pubhc officer, and died an old man. Andrew and Dyer Barton located on West street and occupied lands now owned by F. D. Barton, grandson of Dyer, the latter dying in 1808, aged fifty- rtirte years, leaving his estate to his son John Dyer and a daughter, Fanny, who became the wife of Jeptha Shead, a bookbinder and dealer in the city of 704 History of Addison Count-v^. Vergennes. The widow of Dyer Barton subsequently married Aurey Fergu son, and died July 23, 1842, aged eighty-nirte years. The first fifty acres owned by John D. Bartort, who subsequently became a large land owner, were given him by Andrew Barton for his care and support during his natural life. He (Andrew) died soon after this arrangement was made, January 10, 1813, aged seventy-three years. The south part of the farm was early owned and occupied by WiUiam Barton, son of Andrew B., sr, until 1835, when he sold out to Abijah and Judson Hurd, from CornwaU or Bridport, and moved to Middlebury, where he resided several years, but died in Indiana at an advanced age. He represented the town in the General Assembly in 1832. The Hurd brothers occupied the farm six or eight years, then sold to John D. Barton. The farm occupied by David Hare was first settled by Calvin Everts, son of Luther Everts, sr, who lived but a few years, and died, leaving a widow, who subsequently married Luther Hunt, the father of H. C. Hunt, of New Haven, and Newman Hunt, of Waltham. Mr. Hunt died at the residence of his son Newman in 1844, aged eighty years. A dweUing house was built on the site of Mr. Hare's house about 1830 by Josiah Bailey, a shoemaker by trade, and a representative of the town in 1835. After following business a few years he sold the premises to J. D. Barton and went to Franklin county, N. Y. The house built by Bailey was burned about 1845 while occupied by Amos M. Bar ton, son of J. D., and after the division of J. D. Barton's estate (Mrs. Hare being one of the heirs) Mr. Hare built the beautiful dwelling house now stand ing thereon. Mr Hare is an active, prompt man, and a good farmer and dairy man. John D. Barton was widely known as a large land owner, a judicious farmer aud successful breeder of horses, sheep, and cattle. He died in 1865 at the age of seventy-five. The farm now owned and occupied by John H. Sprague & Son on West street was occupied at an early day by Anthony and Lewis Sprague, the former being the father of J. H. Sprague, sr., into whose hands the property soon drifted. John H. Sprague, sr., was a stirring business man, and in addition to his farming was a large dealer in livestock, especially of fat cattle, large numbers of which he purchased to be slaughtered. He built the fine residence now standing, and died in 1863, aged sixty-seven. His son, John H., jr., succeeded to the occupancy of the homestead, and erected the commodious and convenient out-buildings standing thereon. Carlton W. Sprague, son of J. H., jr., occupies a farm adjoining his father's, which formerly belonged to the territory of J. D. Barton ; it was purchased a few years since of Calvin Bragg, whose wife was a daughter and heir of J. D. Barton. The Spragues have been thorough farmers and general business men, and everything around them gives evidence of enterprise and thrift The present owners are breeders of fine-wooled sheep and fine horses. The residence of A. B. Rose is the place on which Andrew Barton, jr., resided, who is supposed to have been the first settler on that farm. He had brotheVs — Nathan, of New Haven, and ^ . /^ . /^CC^tTc^ e^—rz^ Town of Waltham. 705 WiUiam, of this towrt, both of whom were large land holders and men of much shrewdness and good sertse; yet Artdrew, jr., is said to have been a more briU iant man in practical ability and irtteUectual strength. Polly Barton, his widow, subsequently married one Manchester, who kept a country tavern on the Bar ton farm, and the old sign, " Manchester's Inn," is now in possession of Mr Rose. No one seems to know, and no record shows, what became of Man chester ; but the old lady hved long after he disappeared, and when she died, in 1842, was buried by the side of her first husband. One of the daughters of Andrew Barton, jr, married Newton Rose, a Connecticut man, who resided in Waltham several years last before his death, which occurred in 1865, aged seventy-five years. He was three years a representative in the General Assem bly and two years a door-keeper in the same. Andrew B. Rose, son of the last named, succeeds to the ownership of most of the homestead of his grand father Barton, and is an excellent farmer and dairyman ; has held various town offices and was its representative in 1876 and ''j'j. The farm now owned by J. and E. J. Hurlburt was first occupied by Christopher Dennison, jr. It soon passed to the ownership of Lewis Coolidge, from Boston, Mass. He was a good citizen, but never a practical farmer. He occupied the farm some fifteen years, then sold the same to Philemon Alvord, who in turn occupied the same about twenty-five years, thert, in i860, sold to Isaac Hallock and removed to the State of Minnesota, where he has since died. This farm has since been owned and occupied by H. W. Phillips, O. M. Chapin, George Hallock, N. Rose, and now by JuUus and Edward J. Hurlburt The " town plot " is on this farm. The so-called Bacon farm is the same that was early occupied by Christo pher Dennison, jr., the first representative elected from this town. It passed to the occupancy of Charles Bacon in 1833, who lived upon the same until his death in 1873. He represented the town three years, held the various offices of the town, and was a first-class farmer. The row of beautiful, thrifty maples stauding by the wayside, opposite the dweUing house, is a living monument to the memory of Charles Bacon. Oscar C, son of Charles, succeeded to the ownership and occupancy of the farm, until his death in 1879. Both of the Bacons were successful breeders of fine-wooled sheep, and a valuable flock is stiU kept on the farm by Frank H., son of O. C. Bacon, who is the present oc cupant of the saine. The Saxton farm was a part of the territory early settled by Timothy Turner, aud conveyed to him by his father, John Turner, in 1 809. Mr Turner sold to George Fisher, who came from Addison and located here in 181 5. Mr Fisher occupied and improved the farm, until, in 1841, he sold the same to his sons-in-law, N. A. Saxton and John P. Strong, who subsequently divided the same, and occupied his division until the death of Mr Saxton in 1874, and the sale of Mr Strortg's part to Hertry S. Cross irt 1850. Mr Fisher was 7o6 History of Addison County. many years a leading man in town ; a justice of the peace thirty years, town clerk fifteen years, and town representative in 1833, '34, and '38. He died in 1865, aged eighty-five years. Mr. Saxton was a noted breeder of fine- wool sheep, and ranked high among the best breeders of his day. He held various town offices and was its representative in 1867 and '68. Mrs. Saxton now re sides on the farm formerly belonging to her husband and father. After her decease it passes, by Mr. Saxton's wiU, to the Congregational Church Society in Vergennes. The farm now occupied by Messrs. Wright & Jackman is that of which mention is made as belonging to John P. Strong, and after him to H. S. Cross, who occupied the same until 1867, when Mr. Wright purchased it; he stUl owns and occupies the same, in company with his son-in-law Henry S. Jack- man. A part of the farm was the residence of Joseph Langworthy, orte of the first board of selectmen and an early settler in the town. He died October 10, 1823, aged eighty-seven, and his wife December 3, 1823, aged eighty-four years. The enterprising Langworthy brothers, well-known and thorough bus iness men and merchants in Middlebury, Vt, are grandsons of the venerable patriarch Joseph Langworthy. The present owners of the farm have made marked improvement thereon, and are successful breeders of choice Merino sheep. Mr. Wright has held the office of town clerk fourteen years, was town representative in 1874 and '75, and has been superintendent of schools since 1 87 1, except for one year. Mr. Jackman has held various town offices and was a member of the General Assembly in 1884 and '85. The farm now oc cupied by John Gregory was first settled by Solomon Strong, who lived upon the same until his death in 1822, aged eighty-five years. Solomon Strong, jr, owned and occupied a farm with his father, and subsequently sold it to Azro Benton in 1830, and moved to Hinesburg, where he died in December, 1846, aged seventy-three. Mr. Strong was one of the best men of the town, a man of refinement, and withal a good blacksmith. He built the large house now standing on the farm. Mr. Benton occupied the Strong farm about thirty years, when he sold the same to Isaac Hallock, who lived thereon ten years and died in October, 1870, aged fifty-four years. Mr. Hallock was employed eighteen successive years by Samuel E. Chalker, of New Haven, as a foreman in his large farming operations, at the nominal sum of fifty cents per day during the entire period. He was married, and during his long term of service with Mr. Chalker raised a family of five children. The rent of a house and fuel for the same, also the keeping of a cow or two, were furnished gratuitously to Mr. Hallock by his employer. Mr. Hallock commenced business life empty handed and left an estate valued at $20,000. He was twice married ; the second wife survived him and is now the wife of John Gregory, a native of Ferrisburgh. Anson M. Hallock, his son, succeeds to the ownership of a large part of his father's farm, is a good farmer, and one of the present board of se lectmen. Town of Waltham. 707 The farm on West street, first settled by Phinehas Brown, first represerttative of Hew Haven, at his decease came into possession of Elijah Benton, of Corn wall, Vt, who married one of Mr. Brown's daughters, and who occupied the farm until his decease iu 1875. It is now owned and occupied by E. F. Ben ton, by whom it has been much improved, and its present appearance is very creditable to the good taste of the owner. Richard Burroughs married an other daughter of Mr Brown and resided on a part of the Brown territory many years, but died in Illinois in 1850, while visiting his only son. Mr Bur roughs was a man of liberal culture, having been graduated at Dartmouth College with a prominent standing in his class, and prosecuted his studies long after his graduation. He edited and published a grammar of the EngUsh lan guage ; was towrt clerk several years ; town representative in 183 1, and a prac tical surveyor in this and adjoining towns. One of Mr Burroughs's daughters became the wife of Azro Benton, who is still living at the age of eighty-four. A. Benton has been a successful farmer, and several years a constable and col lector for the town. The farm and residence of the late Warren W. Pierce was first occupied by a son-in-law of Mr. Brown, named Abram McKenzie. It is now the property of Wyatt W. Pierce, whose temporary residence is Franklin Furnace, N. J. The elder Pierce was noted as a careful breeder of Jersey cattle and a success ful dairyman. Fine Jersey stock is still kept on the place. The Sutton farm was early owned by Edward Sutton, a prominent mer chant in Vergennes, and at his decease in 1828 became the property of his daughter, now residing in New York city. It contains 200 acres and is among the best farms of the town. It has been occupied at various periods by some excellent citizens and first-class farmers, viz., John C. Buckley, Henry Hawley, Midas P. Faggart, and others. Its agency was for many years in the person of Daniel W. Buckley, and is now in that of the Hon. J. E. Roberts, of Ver genrtes. The Day farm, now owned and occupied by Mrs. N. S. Day, was owned in small parcels by William McKenzie, Beers Tomlinson, and Francis Bradley, from whom it passed to Dr W. M. Day in 1865. He died there in 1874. Dr. Day was town clerk and superintendent of schools several years, and was the only practicing physician who ever had residence in Waltham. The farm of John Preston was probably settled by WilUam Spalding. Mr. Preston, the present owner, was born in Ireland, came to this neighborhood when a lad, and has resided in town nearly fifty years and raised a large family of sons and daughters. One of the sons was a graduate of Middlebury Col lege, class of 1880, and is now a successful teacher at Mamaroneck, N. Y. Another son was a graduate of the medical department of Vermont Univer sity in 1882, and is now located at New Haven, Vt, and gives promise of suc cess in his chosen profession. 7o8 History of Addison County. The residence of Mrs. Maria Thorn, also the adjoining farm, now occupied by George Bostwick, was first settled upon by Wm. Fisher, of Addison. He was a very prominent citizen, but died early, aged about forty-five years. The farm was subsequently divided between his two sons, Peleg and Hiram, who lived upon the same untU well advanced in age, when they both removed to New Haven, where they have since died. Mr. Bostwick came to town in 1884, the successor of Daniel Hawley, who bought of the Fishers. Luther Everts, born about 1760, and son of Luther Everts, sr, was an early settler on East street; reared a large family and spent a long Ufe there. He was a very bright, keen-witted man, social, but sensitive; was a surveyor, and held many of the offices in town by repeated elections. His death occurred at the homestead in 1846. His son, Harry Everts, succeeded to the ownership of the farm and is the present occupant. He was town representative in 1 869 and '70, and held other principal offices in town. A younger brother of the last named, the Hon. Edwin Everts, was a graduate of Middlebury College in class of 1839; studied law and was admitted to the bar in Addison county; represented Waltham in the General Assembly in 1863 and '64, and served as assistant judge in Addison County Court His residence is now in IlUnois. He and Richard Burroughs were the only college graduates who ever resided in the town, except the Preston brothers above named. Other early settlers, and their entire families, have died or left the town or country, so that no one of the name or kindred remains in the town. Of these, many of the older residents will remember the names of Ebenezer and Zebu lon Hawkins, Daniel Chipman, Wm. Spalding, George S. and Benjamin Chase, Ichabod Cook, Nathaniel Chalker, Joel T Clark, Elkanah Brush, George Field, Lyman and Leman Husted, John Peck, Josiah Bailey, Philemon Alvord, Chris topher Dennison, and others. The farm first occupied by Ichabod Cook, after ward by J. T. Clark, is now owned by Harry Everts and son, who are large land holders in Waltham and New Haven, artd also noted breeders of fine Jersey cattle. The farm owned and occupied by Numan Hunt and his son-in-law, C. D. Smead, is that on which Zebulon Hawkins lived many years, and died there more than fifty years ago. The farm now owned by Nicolas Foster was occu pied by Ebenezer Hawkins, one of the early settlers. Mr. Foster purchased the farm in 1836, and has since resided thereon. Adjoining the Foster farm was the residence of Roger Hawkins, who purchased the same in 1813 and lived thereon till his death, about 1840, aged eighty years. The farm is now owned by Samuel S. Wright, of New Haven. The Hobbs farm, on East street, was probably first occupied by Isaac Hobbs. He kept a public house for the entertainment of travelers, and lived to a great age. Previous to his decease the farm had been transferred to his son Solomon, who spent many years thereon, but at an advanced age moved to Vergennes, where he died. The farm is now the property of Mrs. E. A, Hulburd, only daughter of Sol- Town of Waltham. 709 omon Hobbs, who was the wife of Rev. David P. Hulburd, formerly a preacher aud presiding elder in the Methodist Episcopal Church. He died February 14, 1885, aged sixty-five. Jesse Ward was probably the first settler on the farm now owned and occupied by Numan Hunt He came from Lee, Mass., aud located in town in 1 803 ; passed the balance of his life in town, and died about the year 1838. His son Chester settled near the former in Waltham and was a prominent citizen until his death in 1882, aged over ninety-two years. Two sons succeeded to the ownership of his large and very valuable farm, and one of them, Watson W., is the town's treasurer and has often held the other principal town offices. Ira, another son, resides in New Haven. These men have been successful farmers, accumulatfng a competency, and possessing the respect of the community. Daniel Chipman was an early settler and a very prominent citizen in the town; was a good farmer and reared a numerous family; but they are all gone away, and his fine farm is now owned by the Ward fam ily and heirs of George Fisher, jr. George S. Chase was a sea-faring man in early life, but came to Waltham in 1806 and located on the farm north ofthe Chipman territory. He died an independent farmer in 1867. His brother, Benjamin Chase, owned and occupied the farm now belonging to Field & Frisbie, and came to reside thereon as early as 1867. He died in Ferrisburgh about 1870. W. F. Frisbie, the present occupant ofthe B. Chase farm, came from Westport, N. Y., and located in town in 1870. He is a successful farmer and has made marked improvements on the premises, having erected an ele gant and convenient dwelling house and remodeled the farm buildings. He is an active business man and has held various town offices. The farm now, and since 1838, owned by Stephen M. Burroughs, was first settled by Joseph and Benjamirt Almy. It appears from the records that Elkanah Brush was the first owner, and sold to Joseph Almy. He, in turn, transferred the farm to White & Brush (Reuben), merchants of Vergennes. New lands frequently came into possession of the merchants by mortgages given to secure the payment for goods purchased by new-comers into this and neighboring towns, and very likely this farm came to Mr Brush in that way. Mr. Burroughs has made very marked improvements on the farm, having, in connection with his sons, George E. and Solon, stocked a large area with a variety of fruit and shrub bery. He has been noted as a successful horticulturist, a good farmer and stock-breeder His dwelling house is supposed to have been the first two- story framed house built in the town, and it was erected in 1786. It stands on high ground about a mile south of the city of Vergennes, and commands a grartd view of the same and the surrounding country. The Adirondack range of mountairts for more thart thirty miles. Lake Champlain with its numerous islands and floating vessels. Otter Creek vaUey with its beautiful farms, to gether with the spires and villages of surrounding towns, are all spread out as a grand panorama from the place of Mr Burroughs's residence. On the rtorth 7IO History of Addison County. road leading from Vergennes to New Haven, and the easterly section of the Burroughs territory, is the residence of Solort Burroughs, the present constable and collector of Waltham, and also one of the justices of the peace. He also is an extensive fruit grower. On the East street again, and opposite the farm of Mr. Burroughs, is the residence of William W. Booth. His excellent farm is the same that was owrted in the early history of the town by William White, first cashier of the first bank of Vergennes. It was purchased of the White family by Mr. Booth in 1875. The residence of W. R. Bristol on West street was erected by Francis Brad bury, a native of Vergennes, who spent his early life at sea, but settled here in 1 841; was town clerk a few years, and sold out to Deacon J. Parker in 1844, who occupied the same till his death in 1872. Mr. Parker was town repre sentative in 1847 and '48 ; he was a deacon of the Congregational Church in Vergennes several years. The place passed to the ownership of Mr. Bristol in 1 88 1 and has undergone extensive improvement, so that it is one of the finest residences in town. Mr. Bristol is a dealer in farm produce and has an office and place of business in the city. He is one of the justices of the peace, and has held various town offices. F. D. Barton, son of John D. Barton, is the present owner of the large and beautiful farm where several members of the Barton family first located in town. He has been a successful farmer and breeder of fine-wooled sheep. In 1880 he built upon his premises a magnificent barn, the best one probably in the county. It was designed for the accommo dation and convenience of his large flocks and herds, and the storage of large quantities of hay and grain which his well-tilled farm is capable of producing. The barn is built on an inclined or sloping surface and in the form of the letter T. The size of the part designed for sheep is 96 x 40 feet, and the basement is occupied by his flocks. The cattle department is 108 x 50 feet The whole is three stories high, with a sub-basement under the cattle for storing manure. All the hay is carried in upon the third floor and thrown down into the deep bays until they are filled, the grain in suitable places for convenience of thresh ing. It is thoroughly built and finished throughout, and has capacity for hold ing an immense quantity of hay, estimated at least at 300 tons, and stock enough to consume it all can be accommodated under its broad canopy. Its expense was probably not less than $8,000. Alanson Edgerton, of Charlotte, Vt, was the architect and builder. H. S. Cross resided seventeen years on the farm now owned by Wright & Jackman, and was a promirtertt citizen. He removed in 1867 to Bridport, Vt, where he died irt 1881, aged seventy years. Rev. John Howard was a clergymart of the Baptist denomination and the only one who ever resided in the town while engaged irt the active service of his profession. He was a good man, artd died December 26, 1826, aged sev- W. W. Ward. Town of Waltham. 711 enty years. His residence was on the farm now owned by W. W. Pierce. No church edifice has ever been erected in this town ; yet religious meetings have been frequently held in the several school-houses, and appointments often been made by the clergy of adjoining towns and as often fiUed. A large num ber of the citizens are members of Christian churches, and their attendance in many cases has been regular and punctual. The town has an agricultural hbrary and most of the families supply them selves liberally with books and the current literature of the day. There are three school districts in Waltham, and each is supplied with a good school build ing ; no miU privileges or mill in town; no public buildings except school- houses, and no professional man living within its limits. Yet all these good things are close at hand, but just within the boundaries of adjoining towns. No sectiort of a railroad lies in Waltham, yet the bed of the Rutland and Bur lington Railroad is about thirty rods outside of her limits. Except the legal quota of justices of the peace the citizens of Waltham have held but few of the county offices, the more populous towns properly claiming and bestowing the offices upon the worthy citizens of the larger mu nicipal corporations. Hon. Edwin Everts was an associate judge of Addison County Court two years, in 1865 and '66, and William S. Wright was appoint ed by the governor to the same office in November, 1885, vice Hon. E. A. Doud, of New Haven, resigned. Andrew Barton, jr, was a justice of the peace five years, George Fisher held the same office thirty years, Chester Ward seventeen years, and Peleg Fisher fifteen years. Other citizens have held this office through periods varying from three to fifteen years. Waltham had no representative in the General Assembly until 1824, when Christopher Denni son, jr., was made her first representative. Since that time the town has been regularly represented, except in the year 1826. The names of persons filling the various town offices in 1885 are: Clerk and school superintendent, William S. Wright ; selectmen, James Sneden, Ar thur D. Everts, and Anson M. Hallock ; constable and coUector, Solon Bur roughs ; treasurer, Watson W. Ward ; listers, W. W. Ward, W. S. Wright, and W. F. Frisbie ; grand jurors, Numan Hunt and W. R. Bristol ; town agent, W. R. Bristol ; trustee of United States surplus fund, William W. Booth. This town has only about 250 inhabitants, and that has been about the number during the three last decades. Her quota of men to be raised under the several calls of the president in the War of the Rebellion was promptly furnished, submitting to a draft on one occasion ortly, when two of her citizens were drafted and paid a commutation of $300 each. There are now residing in the town several citizens of Waltham who were in the army ; some reside in other towns, and some were killed or died in the service. Among the for mer are H. S. Jackman, Cornelius Gainey, Hertry P. Fisher, Dustin Barrow, and Artgus Burus. Cassius A. Cross, who was a sharpshooter, was killed at 712 History of Addison County. the battle of the Wilderness. Other men than the above named were fur nished in obedience to the call, as shown in the following Ust : Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863 : S. Baker, D. Beaura, J. Blayes, A. C. Burns, A. C. Cross, J. Fuller, J. W. Jackson, J. Obin. Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls : Volunteers for three years. — F. Colomb, jr., F. Eno, H. P. Fisher, J. Vere. Volunteers for one year. — A. J. Hobon, E. Matot, G. A. Quilty. Volunteer for nine months. — C. N. Dickenson. Furnished under draft. — Paid commutation, E. F. Benton, J. Tatreau. There is no record at hand which furnishes a list of men enlisted in the War of 18 12, but well-authenticated tradition includes the names of George Fisher, Newton Rose, Josiah Parker, Abram McKenzie, Elijah Benton, Solo mon Hobbs, Solomon Strong, jr., Charles Bacon, Coleman Jackman, and. Christopher Dennison, jr, and some others, perhaps, who were present as vol unteers and participated in the battle of Plattsburgh in 18 14. CHAPTER XXXVI. history of the town of weybridge. THIS town is situated in the central part of Addison county and is bounded on the north and east by New Haven, east by Middlebury (which towns are separated from it by Otter Creek), south by Cornwall, and west by Brid port and Addison. The surface of the town may be described as rolling, while the soil is varied in character from rich alluvium to clay, and many excellent farms exist. Wheat, barley, oats, buckwheat, corn, and potatoes are grown, and sheep-raising and the dairy are not unimportant industries. The surface of the town presents sufficient variety to give it much natural beauty. A large portion approaches a level, while other parts are rolling and hilly ; Snake Mountain, near the center, rises to the most conspicuous eminence, and ex tends north and south across a considerable portion of the town ; the north west part lies on this mountain. The principal streams are Otter Creek, which bounds the northern and eastern sides, furnishing by its different falls unlimited water power ; Lemon Fair River, which flows along near the east side of the mountain and joins Otter Creek, and Beaver Ledge Brook. Weybridge was chartered by the governor of New Hampshire on the 3d of November, 1761, to Joseph Gilbert and sixty- three associates, with the cus- Town of Weybridge. 713 tomary reservations, in seventy shares, comprising in the aggregate, according to the charter, 25,000 acres. In the survey of the towns Weybridge lost from the west side a tract about seven mUes in length, which was covered by the char ters of Addison and Bridport bearing earlier dates; but this loss was partially made up by annexations. October 28, 1791, about 700 acres from the north west corner of New Haven were annexed, and on October 22, 1 804, about 2,000 acres from the northeast corner of Addison, lying east of the summit of Snake Mountain; the town was still further enlarged by the annexation of about 100 acres from the southeast corner of Panton. In 1857 the line be tween Weybridge and Addison was surveyed, and established by a commission appointed and authorized by act of Legislature passed in 1856. In November, 1859, about 500 acres ofthe northwest corner of Weybridge were annexed to Addison, a measure which was opposed by the inhabitants of the former town. These various changes have left Weybridge with an area of about 10,000 acres. Settlements. — Thomas Sanford and Claudius Britell have been frequently given the honor of being the first settlers of Weybridge, and the date of their coming placed in the year 1775 ; but Colonel Isaac Drake, from whom we have obtained much valuable information, states that Sanford came prior to the year named. He first settled on the place now occupied by Oren K. Britell, and shortly afterward removed to the site of the house on the place now occupied by Edward G. Child, on the north side of the present road. A year or so later Claudius Britell bought the place where Sanford first located, now occupied by Oren K. Britell. Sanford has no descendants in the town. His son Ira was the first child born here. Oren K. Britell is a direct descendant of the pioneer Claudius Britell. Martin E. Sprague, Madison E. Sprague, and Mrs. William Newton are also descendants. David Stow came in about the same time as Britell, and settled on the north side of Otter Creek, in what was then the town of New Haven ; the homestead farm is still occupied by Azro J. Stow. It has always been in the possession of the family. Justus Sturdevant (now spelled Sturtevant) came to the town about as early as Stow and settled about a mile farther up the creek from Stow's, on the same side, artd also in the then town of New Haven. The farm is owned principally by members of the Sturtevant family and occupied by Leonard and Charles Sturtevant Martin Sturtevant, living in the viUage, is a descendant of the pioneer. Leonard and Charles have families, and two sons of the latter, Wat son C. and Albert, are married and hve in the town. The pioneers came in by way of Otter Creek, and pursued their labors toward clearing some land and making for themselves comfortable homes in peace and fancied security. But an enemy was at hand ; and just as they were getting a few of the comforts of home and civilization about them the raid of Tories and Indians, in November, 1778, which has been described in these 714 History of Addison County. pages, was made, and the little movable property of the settlers was carried away or destroyed, their rude dweUings burned, the men taken prisoners, artd women artd chUdrert left destitute. These defenseless creatures took refuge in an out-door cellar belonging to one of the burned houses, where they lived for ten days on a few potatoes left by the enemy, when they were discovered by some Americart soldiers and taken to Pittsford. In 1856 a handsome marble monumeut was erected over the site of this cellar by some of their descertdants. The following inscription upon its base tells the whole story : " Weybridge was chartered by New Hampshire iu 1761,. settled in 1775 by Thomas Sanford, David Stow, Justus Sturdevant, and Clau dius BriteU. November 8, 1778, a party of British, Tories, and Indians de stroyed their house and effects, and carried T. Sanford and son Robert, D. Stow and son Clark, C. Britell and son Claudius, and J. Sturdevant prisoners. to Quebec. Their wives and children, after occupying a cellar at this place ten days, were taken to Pittsford by our troops. D. Stow died in prison De cember 31, 1778. T Sanford escaped, and the others were discharged in 1782. Erected in 1856 by David, Milo, Jason and Miller Stow, John and Orange Britell, John Sturdevant, Ira Sanford and others." The captors took Thomas Sanford and his son Robert, Claudius Britell and son of same name, David Stow and his son Clark, and Justus Sturtevant, and carried them to Quebec. Mr. Stow died in prison December 31, 1778. Thomas Sanford succeeded in escaping, and after a long journey through. Maine and New Hampshire joined his family. The other prisoners, after undergoing extreme hardships, were discharged in 1782. In the succeeding year these families began to feel a degree of security which impeUed them to return to their ruined homes, and they were soon followed by others. Ofthe new-comers, Ebenezer Wright settled on the east side of Snake Mountain (then in the town of Addison), on the farm now occupied by his grandson, Edwin S. Wright ; Ira S., a brother of Edwin, formerly occupied a part of the farm. Samuel Child came about the same time, and settled about three-fourths of a. mile south of Ebenezer Wright, on the same street ; the farm is now occupied. by John A. Child, eldest grandson of Samuel. Edward Child is another grand son of Samuel, and lives in this town. Willis B., son of John A. Child, lives- irt the town and has a family. In 1793 David Beldirtg^ came in and located at what is known as Beldirtg's Falls, on Otter Creek, in the east part of the- towrt ; the farm is now occupied by Sylvia Drake and Polly A. Shaw, who are grartddaughters of Belding and sisters of Colonel Isaac Drake. Besides these, there are in town as descendants of David Belding Mrs. John A. Child, a great- granddaughter; H. Emily Bowditch; Louisa B. Drake, daughter of Rev. Cyrus. B. Drake, D. D., brother of Colonel Isaac ; Delena D. Willard, daughter of 1 This name is spelled in various ways, and very often thus — ' ' Belden " ; but from the best author ity we can obtain, the version here given is correct. Town of Weybridge. 715' Colonel Drake's eldest sister. Mrs. WUlard has four chUdren living, one of whom is Dr George B. F, Willard, of Vergertrtes ; Mrs. A. D. Everts, of Walt ham, is a daughter; and Asaph D. and Lucy H, WiUard live with their mother. The mother of Willis B. Child is a great-granddaughter of David Belding. About the time of Belding's arrival here Ebenezer Scott came in and located west of him, on a road that is discontinued. The farm is divided among^ various persons, and there are no descendants of Scott in the town. Scott's wife was a daughter of David Belding. Aaron Parmalee settled early on the farm now occupied by J. F. Cotton ; no descendants here. Solomon Bell settled on the road from Weybridge to Middlebury about one and one- half miles from the court-house in the latter place, on the farm now occupied by Walter Wright William D. Bell, now living in the town, is a grandson of Solomon, and son of Dennis. Mrs Samuel E. Cook and Helen M. Bell, of Middlebury, are granddaughters of Solomon. Samuel Clark, another of the early settlers, located on the road from the Wright Monument to Middlebury ; none of his descendants now in town. Samuel Jewett settled early on the place now occupied by A. D. Hayward, near the monument, and subsequently buUt the brick house now there. Of his descendants there are now living in the town Philo Jewett and his son, Silas Jewett and his daughter, Mrs. Jno. A. James. Samuel Jewett's daughter Betsey became the mother of the poet, John G. Saxe. Samuel Jewett was the first town clerk of this town, and died in October, 1830. His was the fifth famUy in town. He came from Bennington to Rutland and thence to Pittsford with an ox sled. There he built a raft and continued the journey by water. Mr. Jewett held the office of town clerk twenty-six years and represented his town eight een years, besides holding other offices. His son Philo was also in the Legis lature five years, and selectman twelve years. Daniel James was among the first settlers and located on the farm now occupied by Samuel James and his sons, John A. and Frank, on the south line of the town. Samuel James also has a son named Charles, and three daughters. Curtis, the oldest son of Samuel, hves iu Cornwall, and Rev. H. P. James, an other son, lives in Corinth, Vt Roger Wales settled about 1 790 on part of the farm now occupied by Colonel Isaac Drake. He had three sons, Benjamin, Shubael, and Charles; they settled about half a mUe west of Colonel Drake. John Wales, now in the town, is a son of Shubael. Ruth, wife of Daniel Wright, is a daughter of John Wales; another daughter (Emma) married RoUin Shaw and is deceased. Benjamin Wales has a grandson, H. O. Wales, livirtg on his grandfather's home stead. B. F. Wales, a Middlebury merchaut, is artother grandson of Benjamin. Mrs. Sardis Dodge, living in Middlebury, is a daughter of Benjamirt. Asa Dodge settled very early in the town, and later lived on the school lot. 7i6 History of Addison County. Colonel Sardis Dodge, one of the leading farmers of the town, now owns the school lot and is a son of Asa. L. B. Dodge, of this town, is a grandson, and son of Jedediah R. Silas Wright came to the town with his father's family in 1797, and settled on a farm north of the Lemon Fair River, now occupied by Edward Child. His descendartts now living in Weybridge are Samuel O. Wright, grandson; Loyal L., grandson of Silas Wright, sr. (father of Silas), lives just across the line in Cornwall ; George Wright, son of Loyal, lives with Deacon Samuel O. Wright, and has a son and two daughters. Daniel L. Wright is a son of Silas, sr., and has a son named Silas living with him. Philo Elmer, of this town, is son of a daughter of Silas Wright, sr. SUas Wright, jr., became one of the leading men of his time. After graduating from college in 18 15 he began teaching, and studying law. He finally settled in Canton, N. Y.; was made surrogate of his county in 1820 ; was postmaster seven years ; became a mem ber of the State Senate in 1823, and four years later was sent to Congress. In 1829 he was made comptroller of the State and was elected to the United States Senate in 1833 ; this office he held eleven years, and was one of the leading members. In 1844 he was elected governor and nominated for a sec ond term, but failed of election. Several nominations for high offices were declined by him. He died in August, 1847. Asaph Drake was born May 27, 1775, and came to Weybridge in 1793 from Massachusetts, setthng at Belding's Falls, and began work for David Belding, finally taking the daughter of the latter (Louisa) for his wife ; she was born May 13, 1770, and their marriage occurred December 15, 1796. They had nine children, six sons and three daughters, as follows: Elijah G., Lauren» Isaac, David B., Mary L. B., Sylvia L., Cyrus B., Polly A., and Solomon. Colonel Isaac Drake, of Weybridge, is the only son now living ; the other liv ing children of Asaph Drake are Polly A. and Sylvia L. The descendants of David Belding before mentioned are ail descendants of Asaph Drake, through Colonel Isaac Drake's mother. Colonel Isaac Drake was born March 8, 1802, in Weybridge. He was elected town clerk in 1840 and held the office twelve years, when he resigned. He derives his military title from the office of colonel in the State militia. Joseph Kellogg settled before 1800 on the hill east of Colonel Drake's, but has no descendants now in town. Zillai Stickney settled about one and a half miles from Middlebury, on the old turnpike to Vergennes. He had a large family and was a prominent early citizen. He held the office of constable upon the organization of the town in 1789. Abel Wright, one of the first board of selectmen, lived in tbe house now occupied by H. B. Hagar; none of his family remains in the town. Joseph Plumb, another of the first selectmen, hved in various localities, and at one time Town of Weybridge, 717 owned a farm at the mouth of the Lemon Fair ; he removed to Bangor, N. Y., early in the century. Joseph McKee was the first owner of Belding's FaUs, and lived there at a very early date. He sold the property to David Belding and left the town afterward. He was the third selectman of 1789. Asaph Hayward came to Weybridge in 1805 and bought the farm next south of Colortel Isaac Drake's present residence. Mr. Hayward was father of Joseph, who died in this town in 1865. Asaph D., another son of Asaph, born in Bridport in 1823, became a prominent citizen of Weybridge and held nu merous offices. Another early settler of this town who contributed to its growth and pros perity was Dr. Zenas Shaw, who located near the site of the Wright Monu ment He died in 1842. His son, Fordyce M., is a farmer of the town and occupies the place formerly owned by Asaph Drake. Toshaw Cherbino, a native of France, came here early and spent the remain der of his life. His son, Jerome B., still lives here and is a prominent breeder of Merino sheep. Columbus Bowdish (now written Bowditch) came here from Bennington in 1 8 14, and died here in 1865. Hiram Hurlburt came here from Woodstock at an early day and was one ofthe pioneers of 1849 to California, where he died in 1861. His son, Captain Ward B. Hurlburt, is still a resident of Weybridge. Benjamin Hagar settled and died on the farm now occupied by Henry B. Hagar, his great-grandson. WiUiam Cotton came to the town in 1812, settling in the west part. He died in 1855. J. F. and Horace, residents of the town, were his sons. Organization and Records. — The pioneers of Weybridge were shorn of their rights to some extent, rendering their surroundings and circumstances less fortunate than those of many of their neighbors in the county, through the loss of considerable of their lands, as before explained, which left them only about one hundred and eighty acres to each share ; but this fact was not al lowed in any way to detract from the energy and industry with which they set about improving their homes. Details of the labors of the pioneers in this town are extremely meager We find in records of an adjourned meeting of proprietors, held at Sheffield August 23, 1774, the following as the third vote: " That one hundred acres, or thereabouts, be laid out to the right of Dr Sam uel Lee, where one Thomas Sanford now lives." This is the only recorded mention of the first settler, and just when he came here is not known ; he was from New Jersey. Claudius Britell Uved one year in Bridport before his set tlement in Weybridge. When he came here he purchased the lands of Thomas Sanford and occupied them, probably in 1775 or 1776. Sanford moved down the creek and lived north of John Child's present dwelling house; this was his 46 7i8 History of Addison County. place of residence at the time he was taken prisoner and carried to Quebec, as narrated on a previous page. After the war he again settled on lands on the west side of the creek, below the mouth of the Lemon Fair River about half a mile. The proprietors of Weybridge held a meeting on the 2d of February, 1762, and chose John Pell as their clerk. They met again on the 9th of March, in the same year, and appointed town officers. From that time they continued to meet either at Sheffield, or Great Barrington, or Salisbury, for the transaction of their Weybridge business, until 1776. Their next meeting was held in Ben nirtgton on the 15th of October, 1783, and adjourned to Pownal January 8, 1784; adjourned thence to Bennington March 6, 1784; adjourned to Octo ber 27, 1784, and again to June i, 1785. The first proprietors' meeting held in Weybridge was October 2, 1786. Thomas Jewett was chosen moderator ; Joseph Cook, clerk ; Samuel Clark, collector; Joseph Cook, treasurer ; adjourned to meet at the house of Samuel Clark, in Weybridge, January 3, 1787. Another meeting was held at the dwelling house of Samuel Jewett, in Weybridge, September 9, 1788. At this meeting it was " voted one acre as a first division to each proprietor, and one hundred acres to each proprietor as a second division." There was subse quently a third division of about seven acres to each proprietor's right or share, making about one hundred artd eight acres in all, to each of the seventy shares. The proprietors had much difficulty in learning how much of their chartered premises was left to them, after the lines on the south and west of the town were established ; and there was more trouble to get the town divided into lots and to secure good titles ; this latter was finally accomplished, mainly through vendue sales for taxes, executed by Zillai Stickney, the first constable of the town. The first highway in the town was surveyed by Joel Linsley on the 1 2th and 13th of September, 1784, and extertded from the Cornwall line to Otter Creek. The first school-house in the town stood on the hill on the road to Middlebury, about two and a half miles from that village ; it was built in 1789- 90. Weybridge was organized in 1789, and the following officers elected: Samuel Jewett, town clerk ; ZiUai Stickney, constable ; Abel Wright, Joseph Plumb, and Joseph McKee, selectmen ; Aaron Parmalee, justice of the peace. Two years after the organization (1791) the first census of the town showed the population to be 175, which uumber was increased in 1800 to 502. The pioneers in Weybridge, in commort with those of many other towns in the county, gave up the early years of their labor to clearing their farms and cul tivating the land as fast as it could be made ready. The valuable timber was cut into lumber to a considerable extent, the sale of which supplied one means of livelihood. Lumber was drawn to distant markets, even as far as Troy, N. Y., previous to the opening ofthe Champlain Canal in 1823, after which time a nearer market was found for it, as well as for all other surplus products on the Town of Weybridge. 719 lake shore. An account of the principal events connected with the War of 181 2, as far as they related to this vicinity, has been given in an early chap ter and in the history of Middlebury ; it will, therefore, suffice to state that the inhabitants of this town were not behind their neighbors in volunteering to repel the expected irtvasion of the British. The abundant water power existing irt this town gave early prominertce to various manufacturing enterprises on Otter Creek. The earliest of these were, of course, various saw- mills — those prime necessities in the buUding up of new communities. The first saw-miU in town was built on Belding's Falls in 1791, by Joseph and Eleazer McKee. In 1794 David Belding, Ebenezer Scott, 'and Asaph Drake built a grist-mUl at the same place. A year later a small furnace was established by the same men, or a part of them ; but it was not operated for very long. Solomon BeU and his sons built, in 1793 or '94, a saw-miU on the falls about a mile below Middlebury Falls (known as Weybridge Upper Falls or Paper Mill Village). Dennis Bell operated this mill as early as 1 800, and after his death it was car ried on by William D. Bell, who is still living; the mill was subsequently burned. Guy Woodruff, from Cortrtecticut, came here in 1804 and built a trip-hammer shop for the manufacture of scythes. He also carried on black smithing in later years, to near his death in 1856. The old building in which the trip-hammer was located is still standing near the bridge. Early in the century Ira Stewart had an oil-mill at these faUs. It was owned later by Tim othy Flannagan, in whose hands it was burned at the time of the destruction of the paper-mUl. In the same building were a grist-mill for grinding feed, and a candle-wick and cotton-batting factory. Daniel Henshaw built a paper- mill here in early years; this was burued, after being operated a number of years by Nathaniel Gibson. Another mill was erected a little farther up the stream by Jonathan Wheelock, who ran it a number of years, when it suffered the fate of its predecessor. He rebuilt on the same site, and this third mill was destroyed by fire. All of these industries were on the Weybridge side of the creek, which is at the present devoid of manufactures. A large pulp-mill is in operation on the opposite side of the falls, of which a description has been givert in the preceding history of Middlebury. The manufacturing interests at the Lower Falls will be noticed a little further on. These industries, with the general success of the farming element in the town, sufficed to give the com munity an advanced position in early years, which it has not lost in later times, except in the decline of manufactures incident to their centralization in large cities and villages. The farmers of the town have joined in more recent years with their neighbors in this county in the development of the sheep-breeding and wool-growing industry, and now it forms the most prominent feature of the agricultural element. The growth of this industry cannot be traced in de tail, nor is it necessary; but amoug those most conspicuous in it at the present time may be mentioned Drake & ChUd (Isaac Drake and J. A. Child), L, SUas 720 History of Addison County. Wright, L. J. Wright, A. J. Stow, Samuel James and his son John A. James, and J. B. Cherbino. G. E. Child is a dealer in sheep (not thoroughbred) and owns a ranch in Colorado. All of these gentlemert, and others, have contrib uted largely to the high reputation gained by Addison county as the foremost Merino sheep- growing district of the country. In the War of the Rebellion. — The town of Weybridge contributed with characteristic patriotism and liberality to the aid of the government, when it was threatened by internal enemies. Money was voted in general accordance with the action of other towns, for the payment of liberal bounties, and the quotas under the various calls for volunteers were promptly filled. The fol lowing list shows the enlistments from the town in Vermont organizations, as compiled by the adjutant-general of the State. Volunteers for three years credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863: H. M. Adams, A. Austin, F. Austin, W. E. Bogart, W. T. Cole, C N. Crane, C. N. Dickinson, E. E. Grinnell, N. C. Hayes, T M. Hunter, L. D, Huntiey, O. L. Hurlburt, W. B. Huriburt, P. Irish, G. D. Jackman, M. T. Lam son, G. McCue, E. B. ParkhiU, G. Sherbevo, F. M. Sherman, D. Steele, F. D. Sturtevant, W. H. Sturtevant, C. Thomas, H. H. Wilder, E. Yerter Credits under call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls: Volunteers for three years. — J. Bovia, J. Burns, jr, R. Currin, J. Leno, J. H. Littie, E. Martin, A. MiUs, E. L. Moody, S. C. Sturtevant Volunteers for one year. — G. Butterfly, C. C. Ingalls, S. Johnson. Volunteers re-enlisted. — H. Ayers, E. E. Grinnell, J. Walker EnroUed men who furnished substitute. — J. Bowdish, J. Cherbino. Not credited by name. — One man. Volunteers for nine months. — M. L. Boies, A. J. Childs, E. H. Fish, J. Hodges, W. Hodges, J. W. Kinsley, S. P. MerriU, jr, C. C. Nichols, G. B. Robbins, N. P. Sherman, W. C. Sturtevant, H. Tyler, M. L. Warner, B. N. Whitman. Furnished under draft — Paid commutation, C. Dodge. Procured substitute.— J. A. Child, J. S. Cole, H. B. Dodge, L. A. Wright municipal history. There is but one village in the town — that located at the lower falls on Otter Creek in the northern part of the town, and known severally by that name and by the name of the town itself A post-office has been estabUshed here since before 1830, the first postmaster having been Orange Britell, who received his appointment through the influence of Silas Wright while the lat ter was in Congress. Mr BriteU was succeeded by Cyrus L. Sprague, who served several years and was succeeded for a year or two by his son, Madison Town of Weybridge. 721 Sprague. Loyal Huntingtort is the present postmaster, but the business of the office is managed by Martin E. Sprague. The locating of a village at this point may be credited to the existence of the excellent water power here. Samuel Meeker settled on the village site before 1797; he was a Quaker, and the first settler here. He and his sons buUt a dam across the creek, and a saw mill. Other Quakers located here, and the place became quite generally known as "Quaker Village." Asa Staples settied here, and Mr Weeks, eariy in the century. The old dam and mill of Mr. Meeker went to ruin long ago, and were succeeded by others. The saw-miU has been operated by Hayward & Roscoe (A. D. Hayward and E. M. Roscoe) since 1870; they also carry on the cream ery located here. Their mill cuts about five hundred thousand feet of lumber annuaUy and has a much greater capacity. L. J. Hall owns the grist-mill. This was built in 181 1 by Israel Marsh. Mr Hall has owned it about fifteen years; it is operated by George Sneden. These gentlemen also carry on a mercantile business. Enoch Sprague, a soldier of the War of 1812, from this town, built the hotel here soon after the close of the war and kept it many years. He was followed about 1 840 by Charles Moody, who was in the house several years. Since that various persons have kept the house. Silas L. Sprague, son of Enoch, was a merchant here for nearly fifty years and one of the prominent citizens. He died in December, 1879. At the time of his death he was a merchant of longer standing than any other in Addison county. He built his store in 1840 and also erected the "old red store" on the hUl some six ty years ago. He also ran the grist-mUl and saw-miU for many years. Martin E. Sprague, son of Silas, began business as a merchant in 1881. Present Officers of the Town — John A. James, town clerk ; Isaac Drake, assistant town clerk ; J. A. James, L. S. Wright, Martin Sturtevant, selectmen ; Isaac Drake, treasurer ; Martin Sturtevant, overseer of the poor ; E. H. Fisk, constable ; A. D. Hayward, E. W. MiUer, L. O. Thompson, listers ; E. S. Wright, J. A. Harrington, auditors ; A. D. Hayward, trustee of surplus fund ; J. F. Cotton, G. L. Harrington, town grand jurors ; W. C. Sturtevant, Martin E. Sprague, Henry A. Boies, fence viewers ; H. B. Hagar, inspector of leather ; Henry A. Boies, inspector of wood, lumber, and shingles ; G. L. Harrington, agent for law-suits ; W. B. Hurlburt, superintendent of schools. There are six school districts and a school-house in every district ecclesiastical. Congregational Church. — Religious services were held in this town very soon after its organizatiort, and one of the first preachers here was Rev. Joseph Gilbert Rev. Mr Johnson preached here and taught a school as early as 1793. He was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Frost, who preached a year. The first Congregational Church was orgartized on the 20th of June, 1794, with fifteert members. Irt 1 802, by the combined efforts of the society and citizens, the 722 History of Addison County. first church edifice was erected at a cost of about $2,500. Begiurtirtg with Feb ruary 10, 1806, Rev. Jonathan Hovey was settled over the church until De cember 9, 1 8 16. Others who have served the church as pastors are Revs. EH Moody, Harvey Smith, and Jonathan Lee. Rev. Prof John Hough, Rev. Prof Wm. C. Fowler, Rev. Prof Albert Smith, Revs. Benjamin Larabee, L. L. TU den, Jed. BushrteU, T A. Merrill, E. H. Lyme, Prof Boardman, and Samuel W. Cozzens and others have acted as stated supplies. There has been no set tled pastor for a number of years, the pulpit being supphed largely by profess ors in Middlebury College. The first church building was used uutil 1847-48, when the present structure was erected. The church property has a value of about $5,000. The deacons are Samuel O. Wright and Samuel James; Sun day-school superintendent, Mrs. H. B. Hagar ; membership about eighty. Methodist Episcopal Church. — This society was organized by its first pas tor. Rev. Samuel Cockren, with a class of thirty members, in May, 1805. From this grew a prosperous society, and in 1835 a neat church was erected, costing $3,000. A portion of the time in later years no regular pastor has been sup ported here. At the present time Rev. Elizabeth Delevan officiates. Wesleyan Methodist. — A church of this denomination was formed here in 1843 with sixty-six members, and in 1847 a chapel was erected. Regular services have been maintained here most of the time since, and Rev. Mr Wright is at present in charge. The society is small. Many of the inhabitants of this town, particularly in the southeastern part, have found it convenient to attend the Middlebury churches, which has served to weaken the local organizations. CHAPTER XXXVII. history of the town of WHITINa. WHITING, one of the southern tier of towns of the county, is bounded north by Cornwall ; east by Sahsbury and Leicester ; south by Sudbury, in Rutiand county, and west by Shoreham and Orwell. It was chartered by Benning Wentworth, the royal governor of New Hampshire, under King George III, August 6, 1763, to forty-eight grantees The usual restrictions and reservations were mentiorted in the charter, and the usual court favorites were remembered. The charter also says that the new town contained " by admeasurement 14,424 acres, butted and bounded" as fol lows : " Beginning at the northwest corner of Leicester and thence extending north 85 ° west, to the west line of Bridport, to a stake artd stones ; thence south by the lines of Bridport and Shoreham six miles and one hundred aud twenty Town of Whiting. 723 rods to a stake and stones ; thence south 85° east, by the north side line of Sud bury, to the northeasterly corner, thereof; and thence north 4° west six miles and 120 rods, to the place of beginning." Owing to the limited knowledge of the territory's geography at that time, and the changes that have been made in town boundary lines since, however, this record would give little accurate information to the modern reader. To the fact that five of the grantees bore the name of Whiting the town owes its title. Most of the grantees were residents of Massachusetts, and, as was the case in many other " New Hampshire Grants," doubtless had httle intention of ever actually settUng on their land, but merely interested themselves in the enterprise as speculators, and hence the trouble which subsequently sprang up between settlers and proprietors. The surface of Whiting is quite level and comparatively free from ledges to obstruct cultivation of its soU, which varies considerably in different parts of the towrt. Otter Creek, forming a large part of the eastern boundary of the town, is the only stream of importance. It receives a small tributary from the south, while the western part of the town is drained by small branches of the Lemon Fair, which unite just over the line in Shoreham. In the southwestern part of the township is found a deep loam, cut occasionally by slate ridges, with a moderately roUing surface. The southeastern point, known as " Green Island," forms valuable meadows. A large part of this tract has a deep muck soil, while the residue is composed of marl interspersed with smaU tracts of loam. Throughout the central part of the town the soil is of a clayey formation, interspersed with loam and marl. In the eastern portion of this tract, however, there is a wide belt of deep muck lying between the intervals of the creek and the hard land, which is very valuable for the large amount of hay it produces, though much labor has been expended to bring it into its present condition. Owing to a heavy swamp lying east ofthe thoroughfare, which extends north ward from Whiting village, and the stiff clay on the west, the land is unfit for purposes of high cultivation. The northwestern part of the town is more un even, and is cut by a ridge of limestone extending south from Cornwall. The land is valuable here, its soil being made up of loam, slate, clay, and marl. The northeastern section, extending from the west bank of Otter Creek to just west of the road we have mentioned, is principally owned by F. G. Douglass, mem ber of the State Board of Agriculture, and A. H. Hubbard. This is also valu able land, the soil being made up of muck, loam, and marl, while a large part is intervale. The original timber in the southwest part of the town was beech, birch, maple, elm, and basswood, interspersed with black and white ash and butternut Irt the southwesterrt part grew beech, maple, hard and soft pine, hemlock, black ash, and cedar In the northern part of the town the, hard land produced beech, maple, basswood, elm, black and white ash, pine, and hemlock ; on the swamp land grew pine, cedar, black ash, tamarack, and balsam. Many of these 724 History of Addison County. varieties have entirely disappeared, while comparatively little of either variety remains. Proprietors' Meetings. — The first meeting of the proprietors of which we have any record was held at Wrentham, Mass., October 6, 1772, nine years after the charter was granted. Daniel Ide was chosen moderator and Benja min Day clerk. It was then voted that "half of forty-eight rights, in quantity and quality, [be given] to fifteen of the first settlers of said town," on consider ation that they get thirty-three other settlers to locate here within a period of five years, and John Wilson was appointed as a committee of one to procure the said fifteen settlers. A committee was also appointed to lay out said town ship, and not delay the time longer than the month of June nex,t following. From the following certificate it appears that Wilson fulfilled his part of the agreement, viz.: " These may certify that legal measures have been taken and certain pitches made in the township of Whiting, and confirmed by said proprietors of Whit ing, the return made by John Wilson to me the subscriber. "November 2, 1772. Daniel Pond, Proprietors' Clerk." The second proprietors' meeting was held at the house of Jonathan Fassett, of Pittsford, Vt., May 27, 1783, when Elihu Smith was chosen moderator and Samuel Beach clerk. No one was aUowed to vote without showing the clerk his deed or power of attorney. They then proceeded to vote that " they cheque out and make a draft of the first division lots," claiming that WUson had forfeited his right to his title by not furnishing the stipulated number of settlers. At this point the following petition from settlers under the Wilson title was presented to the moderator : " Whereas, a number of pretenders in the name of proprietors of Whiting have presumed to warn a proprietors' meeting of the town of Whiting to be holdert at Jonathan Fassett's, Esqr, in Pittsford, on the last Tuesday of this inst May, in order to chequer out said town of Whiting for a draft of the first division lotts, contrary to the minds of the first proprietors and settlers under them and the order of justice and equity, " Now we want to know what business a parsel of pretended land jockeys have to lay out and chequer out a town that has been settled and incorporated these seven years ? By what authority or power, or in whose name you pre sume to do this we know not The original proprietors we know, but who are you ? Be you who or what you will, we advise you to take the counsill of the wisest of men, that is, to let alone contention before it is medled with. " Now, in the name and behalf of the inhabitants of the town of Whiting, who are legally settled and lawfully possessed of the same, we strictly forbid you and publickly protest against your proceedings. " Aaron Persons, \ "John Smith, ^Selectmen." "Whiting, May 27, A. D. 1783. "John Wilson, ) Town of Whiting. 725 Although jealousies and ill-feeling existed for years between these factions, the matter was practically adjusted on the i6th of October following the date of the meeting. The next proprietors' meeting was the first held in the town, convening at the house of Gideon Walker, June 8, 1784, Mr Walker being chosen moder ator. It appears from the records of this meeting that the proprietors, having previously settled* oue vexed question, had to encounter another of no less grave character. Encroachments were being made upon their charter limits on the right hand and on the left They therefore made provisions for choos ing a committee on the 12th of the foUowing month, consisting of Ezra Allen, Samuel Beach, and Gideon Walker, to adjust these conflicting claims, by which Cornwall gained " all that portion of land lying west of the north part of Leicester " (Leicester's claim then extended some distance north of Sahsbury village), and north of the present line of Whiting, embracing a belt of land from a half to three-quarters of a mile in width. Leicester and Salisbury also had a portion, so that Whiting was reduced from its original 14,424 acres to about 7,024 acres ; but a considerable portion of that lost was swamp-land and then considered worthless. The proprietors, stung with disappointment at losing so much of their territory, resolved to secure to themselves the most valuable of the remairting land, and therefore caused the public lots to be located, so far as possible, in the swamps. Although at the time such a course could not but be regarded in an unenviable light, time has shown that for the present and future generations, it has resulted more favorably than it otherwise would, for the rea son that the land remained unleased until it became quite valuable on account of its timber. Settlements. — For a period of nine years after the grant of its charter noth ing was done toward the settlement of Whiting. One of the cortditions of the charter deed, however, was that the "grant must be improved and in posses sion in ten years from date, to a certain extent" Hence was rendered neces sary the meeting at Wrentham in 1772, recorded above, and the agreement with John Willson. Willson effected a partial survey of the tract before the close of that year, and before the next August took actual possession, with several other families, among whom was that of Elihu Marshall. The latter ojcated upon what is known as Walker Hill, and tradition has it that his was the first family to locate in the town. His house stood about a hundred rods east of the old Walker tavern stand. WiUson located on the bank of Otter Creek, nearly east of the present Calvin Kelsey farm, or on the stage road about one and a half miles northward from the present Whiting meeting-house. The records, or rather traditions, that have been left of these early settlements are meager and uncertain ; but there is little doubt but that the fuU complement of fifteen families was in the town previous to, or soon after, the breaking out of the War of the Revolution. This latter event put a stop to migration, and 726 History of Addison County. those who had made improvements here left their possessions, either to take part in the great cortflict or to seek locahties more remote and less liable to in vasion by the enemy. Immediately after the close of hostUities many of these settlers returned, bringing other families with them. As we have intimated, much that is stated of the town at that early date is traditional, and hence very liable to error. It is certain, however, that the proprietors' records and other reliable sources show conclusively that twenty men, some of them with families, had begun settlements here as early as the autumn of 1783, viz., John Willson and family, Aaron Persons and family, John Smith and family, Jeremiah Parker, Jehial Hull, Ezra Allen, Ebenezer Wheelock, Jonathan Cormick, Charles Brewster, Joseph Williams, Jeremiah WiUiams, Captain Benjamirt House, Aaron Holbrook, Alfred Hathaway, David Fisher, Preserved Hall, Jonathan Cook, Bertjamin Andrus, E. Brown, and a Mr Adams. In 1874 the heads of famUies were as follows: Jeremiah Austin, Richard Day, Samuel Beach, Ebenezer Drury, esq., Gideon Walker, Aaron Beach, Thomas McNeill, and Jehial Smith. To these were added in 1785 John Branch, Ichabod Foster, Joel Foster, Benjamin Foster, Asa Hawes, Amos Palmer, Daniel Washburrt, David Graves, John Branch, Shubel Branch, and Abel Branch, a bachelor, and probably a few others. In the three years im mediately following, the additions, so far as we are able to learn, were as fol lows: Jehial Munger, Joseph Needham, Philemon Metcalf, Henry WisweU, Job Hutchinson, Priest Remilee, Elijah Kirkham, Benjamin Andrus, Benjamin Rowley, David Brown, Esquire Brown, Elisha Barker, Stukely Stone, Elihu Ketcham, Christopher Stone, Josiah Stone, Aaron Mack, Ezra Cashman, John Jordan, and Jonas Hubbard. According to this data there must have been at least fifty famUies in the town in 1788, and if we allow the average five to each family the population must have been 250 souls. In the year 1800 this number had increased to 404, while the grand list for 1806 was $7,668. The locations selected by a few of these early settlers we have been able to trace as follows : Jeremiah Parker, upon the present Daniel Parker farm, about two miles west of Judge Abel Walker's; Abner Smith, upon the farm now owned and occupied by Judge Walker; Silas Adams, upon the farm owned by Allen Ketcham and occupied by Calvin Ketcham ; Benjamin Andrus, upon the Deacon Stillman Brown farm, now owned by James McDonald; Esquire Brown, also upon the James McDonald place; Ezra Allen, in the first house south of Asahel Hubbard's; Ebenezer Wheelock, on the present Solomon Foster place; Samuel Beach, great-uncle of Judge Abel Walker, upon the farm now owned and occupied by Thomas G. Farr; Ebenezer Drury, in the western part ofthe town; Aaron Beach, on the farm occupied by Calvin Ketcham; Ichabod Fos ter, in the northern part of the town; Joel Foster, upon the farm uow owned Town of Whiting. 727 and occupied by Daniel Holmes; Benjamin Foster, in the westerrt part of the towrt; Asa Hawes, about a mile west of Abel Walker's, upon the farm now owrted by George S, Walker; Daniel Washburn, in the southern part of the town, upon the Gustave Webster place; John and Abel Branch, upon the place now occupied by Frank Daniels; Philemon Metcalf, about three-quarters of a mUe west of Abel Walker's, upon the farm carried on by Abel and George S. Walker; a Mr. Wiswell, upon the Calvin Ketcham place, and another of the same name where Judge Abel Walker now lives; Job Hutchinson, first house north of Asahal Hubbard's, on the place now owned by Laertes Needham; Priest Remilee, first house west of Job Hutchinson's, now the Justin Goodrich place; Elijah Kirkham, on the old Dr. Mack place (he and his wife and child were drowned in Lake Champlain, their horse breaking through while attempt ing to cross on the ice); Bertjamin Rowley, north of the central part of the town ; David Brown, in the southwestern part of the town, upon the farm now occupied by George W. Lavounty; Elisha Barker, in the southern part of the town, upon the farm owned by A. N. Manchester, of Brandon, Vt, and occu pied by Henry J. Hitchcock; Elihu Ketcham, in the house now occupied by Thomas Ketcham aud owned by Allen Ketcham; Christopher Stone, where Clarissa Smith now lives, in the western part of the town; Jonas Hubbard, where Calvin Hubbard and F. G. Douglass now own. In the spring of 1783 Gideon and Jesse Walker, father and son, came to Whiting and purchased of Elihu Marshall the improvements he had made on the banks of Otter Creek. Here they planted grain, cut hay, etc., preparatory to removing their families hither, which they did in the spring of 1784, from Rutland, using the ice of Otter Creek as a highway untU they reached " Brown's Camp" near Miller's bridge, in Salisbury, which was on the old MiUtary Road leading from Ticonderoga to Charlestown, or Number Four, N. H. Jesse Walker used to relate that for a period of three weeks he and his father sub sisted entirely upon potatoes and English turnips, seasoned with a small quan tity of salt, and all that time labored arduously in refitting the old Marshall log house for the reception of their family; and that on their return to Rutland they passed through Pittsford, where they procured a loaf of bread made of Indian meal and baked on a board before the fire, which he claimed was the sweetest rnorsel that ever passed his lips. Gideon Walker was a native of Rhode Island, born in 1736; he married Rachel Foster in 1765, and, after residing in Rutland for a time, where he built the first grist-miU in the town, came to Whiting, as we have stated ; and a part of the old farm is stUl in the possession of his grandson, Amos E. His six sons, Jesse, Levi, Amos E., James O., Gideon, jr, and Samuel V., aU settled ou adjoining farms. His daughter Rachel became the wife of Aaron Beach, brother of Samuel Beach, aud their child, Norah, was the first born in the township. Gideon, jr, was massacred at the surrender of Fort Niagari, during the War of 728 History of Addison County. 1812. James O. built a taverrt" in 1800, which is still known as the old Walker tavern stand, now owrted by George S. Walker. Gideon, sr, served in the Revolution, receiving his commission as ensign from Governor Chittenden in 1 78 1. When the British were going south toward Benrtirtgtort, after the battle of Hubbardtort, they impressed him and his four oxen into service. Before they reached Bennington he escaped, however; but his oxen " made beef for the British." He was chosen moderator of the first proprietors' meeting held in the town, which convened at his house. He took an active interest in pubhc affairs, and died in 1793. His representatives now living in the town are two grandsons. Judge Abel and Amos E., and a great-grandson, George S. Walker. Judge Abel has been county judge two years, represented the town irt the Legislature during the years 1839-40 and 1843 ; was a delegate to the conven tion to revise the constitution of the State ; has been a justice of the peace about forty years, and has held all the offices in the gift of his townsmen. He has also done much law business, and has quite a local reputation as a pubhc speaker. Whitfield Walker, a grandson of Jesse, was an able man, whose death in 1874, in his eightieth year, was greatly lamented. To a manuscript history of the town prepared by him we are greatly indebted for the material in this history of Whiting, while Judge Walker has rertdered valuable service iu bring ing the statements down to the present time. Major Samuel Beach, who was the first representative of the town in the Legislature, first surveyor, and first delegate to the Constitutional Convention, was born in New Jersey. While still a child his parents removed to Virginia, and finally came to Vermont previous to the Revolution. He was in Castle ton with Ethan Allen just before the taking of Ticonderoga, and was sent by AUert to rally the Green Mountain Boys. He started on his mission at day light, tramping through the wUderness to Rutland, thence to Pittsford, Bran don, Leicester, Sahsbury, and Middlebury, and from thertce to Cornwall, Whit ing, and Shoreham, a distance of sixty-four miles, between the rising and the setting of the sun. The following day, at early dawn, he entered the fort by the side of Allen. His grandson, James E. Parker, has in his possession a pair of silk stockings worn by his grandfather on that memorable day ; also the staff he carried on his weary journey, aud a silk vest presertted him by Washington, which has the general's profile woven in the silk in over thirty different places. He served throughout the war, either as a recruiting officer or in the line, and in his later years received a pension of $40 per month. He died at the age of about eighty years, leavirtg no sons ; two daughters survived him, one of whom, a maiden lady, occupied the old homestead untU her death, a few years since. After the war he received a major's commission in the militia, and was ap pointed county surveyor. Though having had only common educational ad vantages, even for that time, he was an extensive reader and was well ac quainted with the early and progressive history of his country, and much more Town of Whiting. 729 ¦than an ordinary politician ; but unfortunately for his prospects of success he adhered for a time to the fortunes of the elder Adams, and thus became un popular in his town, which was thoroughly Jeffersonian and democratic. The monument marking his grave in the church-yard at Whiting viUage bears the following legend : " Major Samuel Beach, died April 10, 1829, aged seventy-seven years. An officer in the War of the Revolution, and one of the few who, under Allen, sur prised and took Ticonderoga." Captain Joel Foster represented the town in the Legislature from 1 797 to 1800, inclusive. The late Whitfield Walker has left the following estimate of his character: " He was a man of commanding talents and extensive reading for those early times. He was gentle and courteous in his bearing, humane and generous in his actions, full of sympathy for the sick and distressed, and always ready to relieve either their wants or sufferings, or both, as opportu nity presented or necessity required. He was fuU of the milk of human kind ness, and, like a Howard, was first in ascertaining and first in relieving the wants and sufferings of his fellow-townsmen, as far as his means or ability would permit. What he practiced himself he preached to others, and when his own means did not afford the full measure of relief, he was not slow in pressing others to action. He was in deed and in truth a philanthropist with out dishonor and without peccability or meanness." Henry Wiswell was the first carpenter in the town. He came from Mead- way, Mass., and died here at the age of about seventy-five years, leaving sev eral children. Dr. Aaron Mack was the first physician in town. He was succeeded by Dr. Flagg, and he by the following: Asher Nichols, Russel Clark, Cyrus Car penter, Isaac Ives, Franklin Branch, Hiram Seely, Seneca E. Parks, and WUliam P. Wright The latter, who is still in practice here, was born in Shoreham December i, 18 16, a son of Jonathan and Sally (Powers) Wright At the age of twelve years he went to live with ex-Senator Dan S. Wright, of Whitehall, a relative, with whom he read medicine and remained until twenty-two years of age. In the mean time he attended a course of lectures at the Vermont Academy of Medicine at Castleton, and in 1838 graduated from the Berkshire Medical College at Pittsfield, Mass. He married Mary J. Fletcher, of Shel burne, May 12, 1 841, and removed from Shoreham to Whiting in 1846. Whiting, although a purely agricultural town and possessing less than half the area of its neighbors, has cause to be proud of the hst of prominent men it can show, for it has furnished no inconsiderable contributiou to the profes sions — literature, medicine, politics, divinity, and art One mayor ofthe city of New York it has furnished in the person of Aaron Clark, whose father, David, was drowned here in Otter Creek, in 1799, and two comptroUers of the State of New York, A. G. Flagg and Asher Nichols. Hon. Jesse Walker, 730 History of Addison County. " poet, scholar, artd man of law," a cousin of Judge Abel Walker, was judge of Erie county, N. Y. The father of Hon. Philetus Sawyer, United States senator from Wisconsirt, and one of the wealthiest men in that State, was a blacksmith in Whiting, while other names equally prominertt might be cited. The first frame house erected in the town was buUt about the year 1788, by Dr. Aaron Mack, half a mile west of the old stage road, on the road leading from the north part of the town to Shoreham. It was antique in style, and doubtless to our modern eyes would appear grotesque, with gambrel roof and attic windows. Still, at that day it was considered quite grand, the height of architectural beauty. FoUowing the example of Dr Mack, others soon changed their log houses for more commodious structures. Among those who early adopted this innovation of style was Luther Drury, who erected a low frame house, 30 by 40 feet, in the rtorthern part of the town, where he opened a tav ern, the first ever kept in the township. Next in trairt, Deacort Jehiel Munger, a native of Brimfield, Mass., built a two-story house, the first of the kind in Whiting, its size being 30 by 40 feet. This was soon followed by one erected by Joseph Needham, differing from the former only in having a square instead of a gambrel roof Both of these buildings are now standing, the first on the road leading from the meeting-house to Shoreham, the second on the " gov ernor's right," in the southwestern part of the town. Stukely Stone, from Rhode Island, and I. Parks, from Massachusetts, a son of one of the original proprietors, soon after erected two-story buildings, both of which are now standing. They all show the marks of age, dilapidation, and decay, having been built previous to 1800. In the petition or protest sertt to the proprietors at Pittsford in 1783 it is intimated that the town had been incorporated seven years previous, and the protest is signed by Persons, Smith, and Willson, as selectmen. But no record of a town meeting is to be found previous to that of July 13, 1784, when Sam uel Beach was chosen moderator, and John WiUson, Eber Murray, and Gid eon Walker were appointed as a committee " to lay out all needful roads."^ On the 24th of the following month another meeting was held, when Samuel Beach was appointed to "lay out settlers' lots," and Ezra Allen, John WiUson, and Jehiel Smith " a committee to say how they should be laid," and to attest all bills brought forward. Jehiel Smith was appointed collector of taxes, and Samuel Beach treasurer It was not until March 8, 1785, however, accord ing to the town records, that a complete complement of town officers were elected, as follows : John Willson, town clerk ; Gideon Walker, John Willson, and Ezra AUen, selectmen ; Jehiel Smith, cortstable ; Philemon Metcalf, grand juror ; Joseph Merrifield, tithingmart ; and Gideon Walker, Jonathan Conick, Curtis Smith, Ezra Allen, and Benjamin Pond, pathmasters. At a meeting held on the 20th of December of the same year it was voted that " Samuel Beach attend the convention in Cornwall," and he was also ap- Town of Whiting. 73 i pointed a justice of the peace. It was also " voted to choose a committee to look out a proper place as near the center of the town as may be for a place to bury the dead, as near as it may be convenient to the place where it will be the place for the meeting-house. Committee, Thomas Tuttle, Ira Haws, Samuel Beach, Jehiel Smith." Their report, choosing a location about a mile south of the present burial-ground, was accepted January lo, 1786. The first mill erected in the town was a saw-mUl, built by Jehiel and Moses Munger in 1803. It stood on a small stream, the power being adequate for its use only about three or four months during the year, and entirely insufficient to meet the wants of the inhabitants. Accordingly another mill was constructed, some fifty rods below the former, in the year 1 8 1 2, and both were kept in oper ation during the spring and fall of each year, until 1830, or thereabouts, when both were abandoned on account of the insufficiency of water. In 1825 An drew M. Baldwin built a mill in the northwestern part of the town, which pos sessed about the same advantages as the former, and which, like them, was after a time given up as unprofitable. Whiting village, located near the center of the town, on the Addison branch of the Central Vermont Railroad, contains the only post-office in the town. The village has two churches (Union and Baptist), one store kept by R. D. Needham, who has been here since the spring of 1878, a blacksmith shop, a blacksmith and carriage-shop combined, a school-house, and about sixty inhab itants. The present town officers are Dr. WiUiam P. Wright, clerk; W. W. Need ham, Daniel Holmes, and T J. Ketcham, selectmen; Jay Wooster, constable; R. D. Needham, superintendent of schools; F. G. Wright, A. H. Hubbard, and C. F. Church, listers; C. K. WiUiams, overseer ofthe poor; and G. S. Walker, agent. The inhabitants of the town of Whiting have always deserved the credit due to patriotism, and have performed their part in all the contests in which the country has been engaged. When the great Southern Rebellion broke out and volunteers were called for, the town came promptly forward with men and money to sustaiu the government. The following list of names shows the en listed from the town in Vermont organizations, as far as they are known: Volunteers for three years, credited previous to caU for 300,000 volunteers of October 17, 1863: P. A. Baker, C. W. Baldwin, C. Billings, N. Bissette, F. Hubbard, G. W. Labounty, I. Lafayette, O. Merritt, J. E. Parker, A. Smith, jr, D. Sweeneir, A. Sweet, E. Sweet, L. Sweet, J. Thomas. Credits under caU of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, and subse quent calls: Volunteers for three years. — C. Cook, C. O. Foster, C. N. Hart, N. Hart, S. E. Jennings, P. Lafrance, D. W. Norton, W. H. Simonds, J. H. Wideawake. 732 History of Addison County. Volunteers for one year. — E. Ayres, L. G. Barrett, G. H. Clays, S. Sawyer. Volunteer re-enUsted. — D. Sweerteir. EnroUed man who furnished substitute. — A. H. Hubbard. Volunteers for uine months. — J. B. Casey, G. Counter, S. Foster, V. Kel sey, D. L. Kilbourne, L. J. Needham, P. F. White, H. Williamson. Furnished under draft. — Paid commutation, W. H. Casey, D. A. Gale, J. H. Needham, H. Simonds. ecclesiastical. During the few years subsequent to the settlement of the town, like all new colonies, there was less attention paid to religious matters than at a later stage of improvement Still, the pioneers of Whiting sustained weU their inherited predilections towards the Christian cause, and, when opportunity afforded, gladly heard the message of peace spoken by itinerant preachers, or at times attended meeting in Orwell, at the old Baptist Church. On the 19th of February, 1799, a Congregational Society having ten members was organ ized by Rev. Benjamin Worcester, and six days later a Baptist Society with twelve members was formed, a branch of the Orwell church. On the ist of January, 1 800, Rev. David Rathbone received and accepted the call of both churches in union, and was installed as the first settled minister. He was a lame man, who from his birth had not walked without crutches, and when he preached always sat. His reply to the call to settle here, under date of Janu ary I, 1800, was as follows: " To the Town of Whiting, Addison County, State of Vermont: " Gentlemen. — Having received your polite invitation and call to take charge of you under the character of a gospel minister, I can tell you sincerely, as far as I have the knowledge of my own heart, that I seek not yours, but you, and really wish you happiness and prosperity, therefore, viewing your central situ ation without a minister, also viewing your present union, and the desire of both denominations to have unworthy me for your minister, and wishing every circumstance according to my ability, I am compelled to accept of your call, and do in this way manifest my willingness to become your minister, wishing you to consider me a man full of imperfections, and one who will constantly need your prayers, councils, reproofs, and support, and shall consider myself yours in the gospel. David Rathbone." On the 23d of the following October by his own request he was dismissed, though he continued to labor with the churches in 1804. In 1828 the Metho dists commenced to have circuit preaching, but after a time became too feeble to sustain even this effort On October 25, 1821, the Universalists organized a church under the pastorate of Rev. James Rabbitt, who ministered to them a quarter of the time for several years, and they now owrt one-quarter of the Uniort building. The Congregational Society has quite lost its organization, Almon P. Tupper. 733 while the Baptists have sixty-one members, under the pastoral care of Rev. Joseph Freeman, who has been here about a year. Their first house of wor ship, and the first erected in town, was built in 1808, and rebuilt in 1841, so that it will now accommodate 200 persons. Its original cost was $2,500, though its present value, including grounds, is only $2,000. Three years after the building of this church, in 18 1 1, the Union edifice was commenced, though it was not completed untU 1823, costing $3,000, about its present value, in cludirtg grounds. It is a comfortable structure, capable of seating 250 per sons. Rev. Wilmont Mayhew was settled as its pastor about three years ago, artd still occupies that position. CHAPTER XXXVIII, BIOGEAPHICAL. TUPPER, ALMOX P., was born in Middlebury, Addison county, Vt., April 24, 1825 ; the third in a faraily of four children, and the only son of Norman and Mary (Horton) Tup per. Darius Tupper, his grandfather, was born in Connecticut, moved from that State and first settled in the town of Charlotte, Chittenden county, Vt., and in the winter of 1794-95 moved to the town of Middlebury, where he built a tavern at the intersection of the present turnpike- road with the "old road," leading from Bast Middlebury to Middlebury Village. This tavern was kept by him until his death, in 1828, at the age of seventy-four. His children were Lyman, Elam Norman, Sally, Sylvia, Laura and Ruth. All but the latter were married and raised families. Norman Tupper, father of A. P., was born in Charlotte October 4, 1794; married Mary, daughter of Darius aad Sarah (Harris) Horton. She was born May 29, 1797, in Mount Holly, Rutland county, Vt. He spent his youth at the tavern horae of his father. He took naturally to learning and books, and early in life became fitted for teach ing, and taught the neighborhood district schools several winters, before and after his marriage. About the time of his marriage his father deeded him, from the south part of the original farm, about seventy acres, upon which a house had already been built, into which he moved and where all of his children were born. This house was located south of Beaver Brook, near the intersection of East Middlebury turnpike with the Salisbury road. This property he sold about the year 1828 and moved to East Middlebury, where he lived till 1868 or 1869, when he went to live with his son, Almon P., in the same village where he remained to the time of the death of his wife, which occurred August 14, 1868. He raarried for his second wife Adehne Lake. Hfe died in East Middlebury February 22, 1880, aged eighty-six. His widow is still Uving in Wayne county, N. Y. Norman Tupper had an inventive turn of mind and was a natural mechanic. He invented machinery for the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds, the first that were used in this or any other country. He was also llie inventor and constructor of the first circular saw-mill. He could procure no circular saw of sufficient diameter for his purpose in this country, but suc ceeded in procuring one frora England twenty-eight inches in diaraeter. In order to enlarge it ¦ he conceived the idea of enlarging it by an "inserted tooth," which he constructed and ran suc cessfully. This occurred in the year 1835. Mr. Tupper never took out a patent on any of his inventions, but the invention of the " inserted tooth," above naraed, figured very largely, years thereafter, in deciding the great patent suit of Spaulding vs. American Saw Company, tried in 46 734 History of Addison County. San Francisco. Mr. Tupper was a man of great industry, yet was never hurried. He was a Jackson Democrat, and a member of the Middlebury Congregational Church for many years. The children of Norman and Mary Tupper were Mary, Naomi, Almon P. and Eliza. Mary, born September 29, 1819, married Israel P. Enos September 30, 1840, died May 20, 1858 children, Alonzo and Eliza ; Naomi, born June 18, 1823, married Edwin B. Douglas Septem ber 19, 1848, a farmer living in Shoreham — children, Norman B., Elizabeth, Charlotte, Laura Marcia and Frank ; Eliza, born January 16, 1827, died February 15, 1848. Almon P. Tupper received his primary education in the district school of Bast Middlebury ; prepared for entrance to college in the Middlebury Academy, but on account of poor health did not enter. Inheriting from his father a natural aptness for mechanics, he was employed in the jewelry shop of Bliss Marshall, at Bast Middlebury, and subsequently with Charles R. Tur riU, at Middlebury. He afterwards carried on the business by himself at East Middlebury, Rochester, Vt., and at Keesville, N. Y., until the summer of 1847. The occupation proved suc cessful, but too confining for his health. From 1847 to 1852 was engaged in the manufacture of wool-working machinery. During all the time in which he was employed in the jewelry and machine business he had carefully read and studied Kent and Blackstone and other ele mentary works of law, and he had frequently been called upon to manage cases before the justice of the peace. In the spring of 1853 he began the regular study of the law with Ozias Seymour, of Middlebury, one of the ablest lawyers in that portion of the State. He was ad mitted as a member of the Addison county bar in the year 1857, and has ever since been in the active practice of his profession. In 1874 he moved from East Middlebury to Middlebury, where he now resides. Mr. Tupper is a man of great strength of will and a tenacity of power quite surprising to those who have perhaps long known him as a sunny and genial gentleman of the most affable manners, and a serenity never ruffled, and who for the first time detect the hand of steel beneath the glove of velvet. He is a keen student of human nature, and in his judgment of character is rarely at fault. As a lawyer, while he has always had to regret the lack of a broad and deep early culture, his practice has been large and lucrative, and his famil iarity with case law and precedents very remarkable. Always studious and untiring for a client's interest, shrewd and unwary in conflict, keen to perceive the weak points in his adver sary's cause and to conceal the vulnerable places in his own, he has had a large measure of success, and enjoys a well-earned reputation as a trier of oases. As a counselor he is sagacious and trustworthy ; as a business man, thorough, careful and efiioient ; as a citizen, clear, upright and honorable, ever watchful for public progress, deeply interested in all that promotes the common well-being and helps to make the community prosperous, active against social dis orders, and solicitous for the public morals. Mr. Tupper married, November 5, 1848, Mary P., daughter of Luke P. and Mary (Abram) Richardson. Mrs. T.jWas born in Boston April 6, 1819. An adopted daughter, Helen M., is the wife of the Rev. Charles Markland, of Manchester, N. H., and is pastor of a large Congre gational Church in that place. KNAPP, col. LYMAN B., was born in Somerset, Windham county, Vt., November 5, 1 837, and was the fifth in a family of nine children. Cyrus Knapp, his grandfather, was born at Taunton, Mass., December 8, 1769, and when a young man came and settled in Dover, Windham county, Vt. He married Thankful Stearns, who was born in Chesterfield, N. H., February 4, 1770. They had a family of eight children, of whom Hiram Knapp, father of the colonel, was the fifth. He was born in Dover February 7, 1803. He married Elvira, daughter of Jonas and (Page) Stearns. The latter was born September 10, 1804, in Marlboro, Vt. Hiram Knapp was a farmer by occupation. He died at Stratton, Vt, September 18, 1859. His wife died in March, 1880, Lyman E. Knapp, the subject of this sketch, lived until eighteen years of age at Stratton, and worked on his father's farm while attending the district school of the place. He prepared for college by a three years' attendance at Burr Seminary, Manchester, Vt He entered Mid- Bry^'ty MBBairs Sons, jVew ~Yu-rK. Col. Lyman E. Knapp. — John Wolcott Stewart. 735 dlebury College in 1858 and was graduated with honors in 1862. The week after his gradua tion he enlisted as a private, but was soon elected captain of Company I, Sixteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers, a nine months' regiment; employed the major portion of that time on guard duty in the defense of Washington, but near the close of the period of enlistment engaged in the three days' battle of Grettysburg, and constituting a part of the Second Vermont Brig ade, which rendered itself famous in repulsing the rebel charge under General Pickett on Cem etery Hill. He was wounded in this engagement, but remained on the field till the battle was ended, and was with the brigade in its pursuit of the enemy on the following day. Soon after this battle his regiment was mustered out and he was commissioned by the governor of Ver mont to raise a company for the Seventeenth Vermont Volunteers. He raised Company P of that regiment in Windham county and went out as its captain. The regiment was assigned to the Ninth Army Corps, General A. E. Burnside commanding, in the Army of the Potoraac. He was engaged in its thirteen battles, beginning with the battle of the Wilderness and ending with Lee's surrender, in two of which — viz., Pegram House and at the capture of Petersburg — he was in command of his regiment He was wounded in the battle of Spottsylvania Court- House and carried insensible from the field, having received a severe scalp wound from a rifle ball, but returned to his regiment the second day after. He was again wounded by a piece of shell at the assault before Petersburg, on the 2d of April, 1865 ; but recovering from this, and narrowly escaping as one of the five out of thirteen who remained uninjured by the explosion of a rebel bomb, he resumed command of his regiment and was at its head when the enemy's lines were finally broken, for which gallant and meritorious conduct he was breveted by Presi dent Lincoln. He was promoted to major of the regiment November 1, 1864, and to the heu- tenant-colonelship December 10 of the same year. He was mustered out with his regiment July 14, 1865. Four others from his family the Green Mountain State sent to the defense of her country, one of whom, C. H. Pitman Knapp, died from wounds received in the battle of Lee's Mills, Va. On the first day of October, 1865, he became editor and publisher of the Mid dlebury Register, a position which he filled for thirteen years ; but during this period of time he had taken up the study of law and was admitted as a member of the Addison county bar in 1876. In 1878 he drew out from the conduct of the paper, but retained his financial interest in the company until 1884. He was register of probate under Judge Samuel B. Cooke for several years, and was appointed to succeed that gentleman as judge of probate in 1879, since which tirhe by successive elections he has continued to hold that office. He was first assistant clerk of the House of Representatives from 1872 to 1874, was chairman of the Republican County Committee for several years, and for the last sixteen years has served as trial justice of the peace in Middlebury and the county of Addison. He has been a member of the Congregational Churches at Stratton and Middlebury since he was fifteen years of age, and is now chairman of the prudential committee of the Middlebury Congregational Society. He has been for a num ber of years a member of the school board and treasurer of the Addison County Grammar School. These varied pubhc positions and others which he has been called to fill abundantly attest the high estimation in which he is held by the citizens of his adopted place of residence. Colonel Lyman B. Knapp married Martha A., daughter of Ebenezer and Corcina (Jones) Sev erance, January 23, 1865, at Washington, D. C. STEWART, JOHN WOLCOTT, of, Middlebury, ex-governor of Vermont, and member of Congress from the First Congressional District of Vermont Born in Middlebury, Vt., November 24, 1825. The first ancestor of Governor Stewart's family on the paternal side whose record has been preserved, was Robert Stuart, of Edinburgh, Scotland. Samuel, son of Robert Stuart, emi grated first to Londonderry, Ireland, and secondly from thence with the historical Scotch-Irish colony which crossed the Atlantic and settled in Londonderry, N. H., in the early part of the eighteenth century. Samuel Stuart was the father of five sons and five daughters, of whom John was the eldest. Leaving Londonderry, he finally fixed his residence at Coleraine, Mass., 736 History of Addison County. and died there. The orthography of patronyraics was exceedingly uncertain in that era, as town and family records amply attest For some unexplained reason the spelling of the family name was altered about the death of Samuel Stuart from Stuart to "Stewart," in which form it hfis been preserved to the present day. John Stewart, familiarly known as Captain John, was born in Londonderry, N. H., in 1745_ He was a man of marked characteristics, full of martial energy, and took an active part in the French and Revolutionary wars. At the early age of fifteen he first killed an Indian in a notable fight in the forest. Subsequently he became a member of the famous band of cour ageous frontiersmen, know as Rogers' Rangers. He accompanied the ill-fated expedition of General Montgomery against Quebec, and was in the immediate neighborhood of that gallant officer at the time of his death. After that he happened to be in Bennington paying his ad dresses to the lady who afterwards became his wife, at the epoch of the battle in that place, and led a company of patriot soldiers in that decisive conflict In 1777 he married Huldah HubbeU, by whom he became the father of five children. Ira Stewart, the second son of Captain John, was born July 15, 1779. He settled first in New Haven, Vt, and in 1810 removed to Middlebury, Vt, of which in following years he was one of the leading citizens. He entered immediately into the general mercantUe business in asso ciation with his brother Noble. The latter died in 1814, and Ira conducted the business thence forward on individual account untU his death in 1855. He served his feUow-citizens in both branches of the Legislature ; was a member of Middlebury CoUege corporation, and was actively interested in everything pertaining to the welfare of the village. On the 29th of October, 1814, he was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Wolcott Hubbell, of Lanesborough, Mass. Three children were born to thera ; one of these, a daughter, died in infancy ; the others, who were sons, named Dugald and John Wolcott, survived. John W., son of Ira and Elizabeth (Stewart) Stewart, prepared for matriculation in the Middlebury Academy, entered Middle bury College, and graduated with honor from that institution in 1846. Adopting the legal pro fession, he began to qualify himself for practice by reading law in the offioe of Hon. Horatio Seymour in Vermont, and remained therein until January, 1850, when he was admitted to the fear of Addison County. Commencing practice at Middlebury he conducted it alone untU 1854, -when he formed a co-partnership with ex-United States Senator Phelps, and maintained the connection until the death o£ the latter, in 1855. His association with Senator Phelps proved to be very valuable in many respects. Early in his professional careet Mr. Stewart identified himself with the political affairs of his native State. Honors have been showered upon him thick and fast by his fellow-citizens, who in this way practicaUy acknowledged his raany sterling inteUectual and moral qualifica tions, and particularly his patriotic pubhc spirit In the years 1852, '53, and '54 he held the office of State's attorney for Addison county. In 1856 he was elected to the Lower House of the Verraont Legislature as the representative of Middlebury, and served therein as chairman of the committee on railroads. The matters affecting the consolidation of Vermont Central Railroad interests came before his committee, and attracted much and close public attention in view of the importance of the questions involved. His services proved to be so acceptable to his constituents that he was again elected in the following year, and was also appointed to his former position on the railroad comraittee. During the year 1855 the State house at MontpeUer was destroyed by fire and a strong movement was set on foot to make Burlington the capital of the State. This movement Mr. Stewart resisted. Although one of the members from the '' west side " of Vermont he was influentially active in the legislative debates on the question of reraoval, and favored the retention of Montpelier as the capital. His logic was weighty and powerful and largely instrumental in carrying the point in favor of the old location. In 1861 Mr. Stewart was returned to the State Senate from Addison county, and served on the judiciary committee, ot which United States Senator Edmunds was chairman. Elected to the Senate of 1862, Mr. Stewart again served on the judiciary committee, and as chairman of the committee on rules. In 1865 he was returned to the Lower House from Middlebury, and John Wolcott Stewart. — Judge Henry Lane. 737 served in the committees on joint rules and judiciary. In 1865, '66, and '67 he was a member of the House, and at each session was elected presiding officer of the body. As incumbent of the speaker's chair his rulings were received with great favor. The reputation for ability, faithfulness and impartiality then established, was such that on his election to the House, in 1876) he received the singular compliment of unanimous election to the old post — the speakership. One of the changes in the organic law of the State effected by the Constitutional Conven tion of 1870 was that by which the sessions of the Legislature were made biennial, instead of annual, as before. Mr. Stewart was the first governor of Vermont elected under the new order of things, and filled the chief magistracy with great honor and acceptability from 1870 to 1872. His inaugural address was brief, business-like and statesmanly. Delivered nine years before the resumption of specie payments, it contained the following just and sagacious recommenda tion : " It is held by a recent decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that the provisions of the legal tender act are not retroactive, and that debts contracted prior to its passage are payable in coin. . . . .1 respectfully recommend to prompt recognition of the supreme judicial authority of the country, by an enactment authorizing our treasurer to pay in coin that portion of our debt faUing within the decision referred to.'' This decision was promptly acted upon by Vermont, to her great honor. Governor Stewart's recommendations in respect to pubhc education, and also in reference to the jaUs of the State, exhibited keen foresight, and were adopted by the Legislature. Indeed, his whole career as governor was one of honor to himself and credit to the State. Governor Stewart has not devoted his whole time to his profession. He was chosen a director of the Middlebury Bank in 1858, and for several years prior to 1881 served as president with great acceptance, and gave much evidence of his entire fitness for the position. In 1881 his other numerous engagements forced him to decline further re-election. The re-distribution of seats in Congress, according to the population of each State, foUow ing the census of 1880, occasioned a loss to Vermont of one meraber. Governor Stewart was elected by the Republicans of the new First Congressional District to the Forty-eighth Congress, receiving 15,638 votes, against 6,009 for his opponent. His lengthened legislative service in both branches of the Verraont Legislature, his exceUent gubernatorial administration, and his intimate knowledge of the needs of the State, justify the expectation that in his present wider sphere of personal influence and usefulness Governor Stewart wiU beneficently and ably repre sent the dignity and interest of his constituency and the State at large. It has been written of Governor Stewart that "he is a typical Vermonter of the best quality. Like most noble and excellent men, he is most highly' appreciated where he is best known. Middlebury certainly knows of no official honor that she would not bestow, nor of any official duty that she would not entrust, to her ' favorite son.' His position in the foremost rank of citizens and professional men is unohaUenged. The State is honored by the nurture and services of such sons as he.'' John Wolcott Stewart was married on the 21st of November, 1860, to Emma, daughter of PhUip BatteU, of Middlebury; she was born September 5, 1837. They have had flve children as follows : Emma Battell, born March 20, 1863, now living at home with her parents ; PhUip Battell Stewart, now in his senior year at Yale CoUege ; Robert Forsyth and Anna Jessica, born September 17, 1871— the former died in January, 1881 ; John Wolcott, born December 5, 1872 — died in infancy. X ANB, JUDGE HENRY. Jaraes Lane, grandfather of Henry, born in 1769, came from -L' Mansfield, Conn., and settled in CornwaU, Vt, in the year 1800 on the farm now owned and occupied by the judge. He died July 3, 1801. He left three sons — Job, James and WUliam. James Lane pursued his professional studies with Doctor Ford, of Cornwall, and practiced his profession many years in Ohio. He died there, leaving a family of three children. WiUiam Lane was an enterprising and successful farmer, a pubUc-spirited and useful citizen • but in the midst of his activity he lost his life in consequence of having his arm cauo-ht in a 738 History of Addison County. threshing machine. He died at the age of forty-eight, September 26, 1844. He left three children — WiUiam, Charles D. and Gilbert Cook. Job Lane remained on the farm of his father. He raarried Sarah, daughter of Bebee and Elizabeth (EeUs) TurriU, in 1812. She was born in Shoreham, Vt., April 3, 1792. Job Lane was a good farmer, was a firm supporter of secular and religious order, and a valuable citizen. He died at the age of seventy-two, Novem ber 19, 1850. His wife died August 15, 1854. Job and Sarah Lane had eight children, -viz: James T., WiUiam H., Elizabeth, Joel, Henry, RoUin, Sarah and Mariette. James T. was born December 25, 1812, married Lucinda Landon Bells, widow of John Eels, December 3, 1840. She was born October 10, 1812. They had four children — Truman J., Mariette, Joel T. and Gilbert H. WUliam H. was born September 6, 1816 ; married September 8, 1841, Caroline, daughter of Major Orin and Maria (Alvord) Field. The latter was born September 3, 1822, in Cornwall. They have two children living — WUliam Henry and Estelle Maria. Elizabeth, born September 20, 1817; married, April II, 1839, P. W. Collins. The latter was born Sep tember 27, 1810. Mrs. ColUns died December 18, 1860. Their children were Joel P. and Sarah E. Joel P. died October 26, 1850. Sarah B. is the wife of C. J. Day, a merchant of Albion, N. Y. Joel Lane was born in ; married Lucretia B. Ripley. He died June 28, 1847. His wife died September 20, 1848. They had one chUd, Lucretia, who died at the age of twenty. Rollin Lane was born May 3, 1828; married Lucia Brainard March 20, 1861,; three children — Charles R., Prank B. (drowned in Otter Creek September, 1884, at the age of nineteen), and Hattie S. RoUin Lane is a farmer, owning and living on the Notham Eells farm in Cornwall. Sarah Lane was born in 1829 and died Septeraber 13, 1847. Mariette Lane was born June 22, 1832 ; is the wife of Joel Rice, a lawyer of New York city. Mrs. Rice is an artist of acknowledged abiUty. Mr. and Mrs. Rice have three children — Charles, Etta May and Edward. Judge Henry Lane was born in Cornwall February 14, 1824; has always lived on the place of his birth, coming into possession of the Lane homestead upon the death of his father. His education was received in the district school of Cornwall, with several terms of attendance at the Newton Academy in Shoreham. He taught the district school of his own neighborhood and Shoreham two winters. He married, February 7, 1849, Mary Antoinette, daughter of Captain Alanson^ and Mary (Parker) Peck. Mrs. Lane was born in Cornwall September 12, 1828. Her grandfather, Jacob Peck, with his wife, Elizabeth (Gibbs), moved from Farming- ton, Conn., in 1785, and settled on the farm, a portion of which is now owned and occupied by his son Alanson, in the south part of Cornwall. They had eleven children — five sons and six daughters, of whom Alanson Peck was the ninth child. He was born in Cornwall February 2, 1800. He married, February, 1822, Mary Parker. Their children were James Monroe, Charles C, Orlin A., Mary Antoinette, Martin M. and Henry T. All are married and have raised families. Job Lane, father of the judge, was one of the early farmers of Addison county, who took especial pride in the breeding of sheep, and left a good flock to his son. I'he judge laid the foundation of his present flock of pure blooded Spanish Merino sheep in 1858, and his flock, No. 114 of the Vermont Flock Register, is one of the best of the numerous flocks of sheep ¦which has made Addison county famous in this branch of industry. While sheep-breeding has been the leading business to which he has devoted his farm, Judge Lane has given especial attention to the raising of fruits, vegetable and garden seeds. He developed " Lane's imperial sugar beet," the seed for which has been in great demand for many years in the United States and other countries. While the judge has been eminently practical and successful as a farmer, he has always been a great reader of agricultural works, and has one of the most extensive agricultural and general private libraries to be found in the State. From early life Judge Lane has taken an active interest in the political affairs of his town, county and State. He has held many of the town offices, and has been called upon probably oftener than any other man to preside over town meetings. Six years, including the period of the War of the Rebellion, he was selectman of the town of CornwaU. When the general gov- Judge Henry Lane. — Hon. Edward S. Dana. 739 ernment issued its order making the selectmen of towns legal enlisting officers, the town of Cornwall gave its selectmen discretionary power as to time of procuring enlistments, the num ber and the amount of bounties to be paid. After being thus authorized Mr. Lane enlisted thirty-five soldiers, and had credited to the town, previous to each and every call for volunteers to the general government, sufficient men to fiU the quota and thus avoid a draft In 1864 he was elected a member of the Legislature of the State, and was re-elected in 1865-66. In 1865 he was elected by the General Assembly one of the directors of the State prison, and in 1866- 67 was re-elected to the same office. In 1869 was elected a member of the Thirteenth Council of Censors. The First Council of Censors was chosen by baUot, by the freemen of the State, on the last Wednesday of March, in the year 1785, and every seven years thereafter thirteen persons were chosen in the sarae manner and were to meet together the first Wednesday in June next ensuing their election. Their duties were to inquire whether the constitution had been preserved inviolate in every part, and whether the legislative and executive branches of government had performed their duties as guardians of the people, or assumed to themselves greater powers than they were entitled to by the constitution. They were also to inquire whether the public taxes had been justly laid and coUected, with what manner the public money had been disposed of, and whether the laws had been duly executed in all parts of the com monwealth ; aud for these purposes they had power to order impeachments. The Thirteenth Council of Censors recommended that the constitution of the State be so amended as to abolish Council of Censors, and provided thereafter that the constitution might be amended by the General Assembly in the year 1880 and every ten years thereafter, each proposal of amend ment recommended by the General Assembly, before becoming a part of the constitution, to be referred to a direct vote of the freemen of the State. The convention ordered by the Thirteenth Council of Censors, which convened on the second Wednesday of June, 1870, adopted the amendment to the constitution abolishing the Counoil of Censors and adopted the new mode of amending the constitution. In 1880 he was appointed by the governor and con firmed by the Senate as a member of the Board of Agriculture, and has been re-appointed twice, having served six years. In 1884 he was elected judge of the Addison County Court. Judge Lane was president of the Addison County Agricultural Society for two years, and has always taken an active part in aU efforts to advance the farming interests of the State. He has been often called upon to deliver addresses at different agricultural meetings in Vermont and other States. He has been a raember ot the CornwaU Congregational Church since 1837, and was for nine years superintendent of its Sabbath-school, and has been one of the largest contributors to its support. Mrs. Lane has been a member of the same church since 1851. Faithful and conscientious in the discharge of every public trust, honorable in all business transactions, in his social life kindly, genial and hospitable. Judge Lane deservedly commands the respect and esteem of the entire community in which he has passed his whole life. Judge and Mrs. Lane have had three sons — Charles H., Prancis P. and Arthur T. Charles H. was born January 14, 1853 ; married, December 13, 1876, Sarah, daughter of Horatio and Sarah (Dana) Sanford. Mrs. Lane was born in CornwaU March 29, 1857. They have three chUdren — EsteUe D., born March 3, 1878; Jesse A., born July 21, 1880; Sanford H., born September 10, 1882. Charles H. lives near the homestead and assists his father in carrying on the farm. Francis P. died December 25, 1860. Arthur T. was born June 30, 1863 • a to bacco broker, living in Chicago. DANA, HON. EDWARD S. It is believed that every person by the name of Dana in the United States entitled to that name by birth, traces descent from Richard Dana who came to Cambridge, Mass., from England in the year 1640. Tradition states that Richard's father emigrated from France to England in 1629, on account of reUgious persecution. We have it on good authority that the name in France was Dunois, and belonged to a noble family. Judge BeU states that in the southern part of New Hampshire there are families bearing the name who do so by authority of an act of the Legislature, changing their former 740 History of Addison County. - . name to Dana. Edward Summers, sixth generation from Richard, was the son of Austin and Susan (Gale) Dana. Austin was born at Amherst, Mass., May 31, 1795. While yet a child he came with his parents, Eleazer and Sarah (Cutter) Dana, to Weybridge, Vt, which was the home of Eleazer until his wife's death, which occurred about 1822. He then resided in Brid port, Vt., with his son Austin for eight years. They then removed to Cornwall on to the Gen eral Summers Gale farm, where Eleazer died November 10, 1838, and Austin July 23, 1870- Edward Summers Dana was born on April 27, 1834. He had two sisters : Sarah A. and Eliza M., the former older and the latter younger than himself, who both reside in CornwaU, Vt. At an early age he showed a great fondness for books and study. He received an academic education. His first course was at Newton Academy, Shoreham, Vt. ; at the age of thirteen he was two terms at WiUiston, and three terms was under the instruction of uncle Jacob Spauld ing at Bakersfield. He taught school there the winter before he was sixteen, and in Bridport the following winter. Here he took a severe cold which resulted in pneuraonia, which obliged him to abandon the idea of a coUegiate course, for which he was preparing. This was the dis appointment of his life. He remained on the farm with hi^s father until 1861, with the excep tion of one term at Fort Edward Institute. He was a page in the House of Representatives in 1853 ; Colonel C. H. Joyce, afterward member of Congress, was page at the same time. He was assistant clerk of the House in 1855, '60 and '61. In the spring of 1861 he went to Washington as a clerk in the Pension Office. He was examiner of pensions for some years, and in 1866 was appointed assistant clerk of the United States House of Representatives, where he remained until 1871. The death of his father called him home, where, with the ex ception of the following winter which he spent in Washington, he reraained on the farm until 1877. He then removed to New Haven and purchased the- home of his wife's parents. He married Mary Howe, daughter of deacon Calvin and Mary (Henry) Squier, on September 11, 1861. They had two^sons : Charles Summers, born September 13, 1862, and who now resides on the^farm ; and Marvin Hill, born March 2, 1867, and who is now a senior in Middlebury College. While in Washington Mr. Dana devoted much of his time and labor to improving the condition of soldiers, securing comforts for the sick and wounded, obtaining passes for friends to visit them, etc., and performing a large amount of work for acquaintances in Vermont and elsewhere. At the second inauguration of President Lincoln, Mr. Dana was chosen one of the two marshals from Vermont to act as escort on the line of march. He was a member of the Vermont Legislature in 1874, 'and State senator in 1880, serving on the Committee on Railroads, State Prisons, and proposed Amendments to the Constitution. When a member of the House he was chairman of the General Committee, and worked faithfully to secure the removal of the Reform School to Vergennes, and was the originator of and introduced the bill to provide a department for girls in that institution. Mr. Dana was a man of excellent clerical ability, and from his large experience in parliamentary affairs and natural adaptation, a superior presiding officer in public meetings. From boyhood he had been prominent in the political affairs of the State. He was one of the four delegates from this county to the first RepubUcan State Convention held in Vermont. He was chairman of the Republican District Committee four years ; president of the Republican County Convention in 1878 ; was a delegate in many State, District, and County Conventions. He was chairman of the Comraittee on Resolutions in the State Convention in 1876. The last convention which he attended as a delegate was the District Convention at Burlington in 1882. Better if Verraont had more men of equal in teUigence and probity, who would serve her with the same public spirit and unselfishness. Any scheme for the advanceraent of education in the town or State received his careful considera tion, and, if deemed worthy, his hearty support. Broad and liberal in his views, he strove for that which he believed to be for the public good, and once committed to a line of action, its accomplishment became with him a duty. Conscientious and particular in the smallest matters, no work was entrusted to him that did not receive his careful attention. Sympathetic and generous, his charities and advice have benefited many, and his friends were always sure of his assistance in their behalf. Literary in his tastes, his well-stocked hbrary was to him a com- Hon. Edward S. Dana. — Rufus Hazard. 74i panion ; weU-read in all the important hterature of the day, his knowledge of men and events, his rare social qualities and fine conversational powers, together with his ability and experience, made him the center of every circle in which he was thrown. He took a deep interest in local matters, both educational and town. He was for four years selectman in CornwaU, Vt., and in New Haven was auditor, town clerk, and president of the Board of Trustees of Beeman Academy, at the time of his death. Mr. Dana was a leading meraber of the Masonic Fraternity ; he was initiated October 6, 1856 ; he has been honored with the highest offices in the gift of Lodge, Chapter, and Coraraandery ; he was a member of the Grand Lodge of the United States, and chairman on the Committee of Foreign Correspondence for several years. In September, 1883, Mr. Dana received a fall which either occasioned or developed internal trouble, which reduced him to extreme feebleness for ten months. During the seasons follow ing he was much improved in outward appearance and bodily vigor ; was occupied with vari ous literary works, as had been his custom for many years, formerly writing poetry as well as prose. His writings for the press, while in Washington, were instructive and historical. His strength failed alarmingly during the winter of 1885-86, but he courageously hoped that there might be yet many days of life for him ; yet he was not deceived, but was ready to meet the messenger who had so often waited, seemingly determined that he should depart with him. That he so calmly waited his coming, is proof that his trust was in God and was well-founded. He was able to use his pen untU the morning of February 22 ; while so doing, his right side was suddenly paralyzed, and although unable to speak, he retained his consciousness until the evening of the 24th, when he suddenly passed away. At all times during his extreme suffer ing his mind was clear and comprehensive on all subjects ; his patience tireless, his sunshine cheering, and his hopefulness contagious. HAZARD, RUFUS. The origin of names is various ; many are taken from trades or pro fessions ; many are mere nicknames. Probably the best are from places where families resided, and where they possessed property. It seems that the Hassards, or Hazards, took theirs from the places in which they first settled in England. The manor of Haroldesore, in the parish of Ingleborne, in the county of Devon, is in old deeds called the manor of Hardiswardshore, otherwise Hardwardshore, otherwise Hasworth, otherwise Hazard, in Lyons, Magna, Britannia, Devonshire. The family of Hassard, Hazard, or Hassart, is of Norman extraction, and is of considerable antiquity. At the time of the Conquest they were living on the borders of Switz erland, and distinguished by the ancient but long extinct title of the Duke De Charante. Two bearing this title visited the Holy Land as crusaders. The family emigrated to England in the twelfth century, and thence branched out in Wales and Ireland. In the latter country they took an active part in the sieges of BnniskUlen and Londonderry. From the Hazards of Ireland were derived the Rhode Island stock of Hazards, from which is descended the subject of this sketch. The first of the name to settle in Rhode Island was Thomas Hassard, or Hazard, who came directly from England or Wales about the year 1639, settled near Acquidneck, and was one of the committee of three to lay out the town of Newport. His descendants became in time extensive land owners in the State. Robert Hazard, the grandfather of Rufus, of whom we are writing, was one of the three brothers, the other two being Thomas, who went to New York city, where he now has prom inent descendants, and Rowland, who died in Poughkeepsie, after accumulating a handsome property there, who were born in Rhode Island and went away to seek their fortunes. He came to Ferrisburgh, Vt, about the year 1800, and soon after purchased the miU property at North Ferrisburgh, Vt., and but for an unfortunate turn of affairs, for which he was in no way responsible, he would undoubtedly have achieved more than a competence. He died at North Ferrisburgh about 1836, aged more than eighty years. He was remarkable for his good sense thorough honesty, and an unfortunate faith in the honesty of aU others. He was weU read and especiaUy excellent in the abundance of his historical information. His wife, Sarah Fish who came with him from Rhode Island, survived him a year or two. She had the name of being 742 History of Addison County. one of the best housekeepers in the neighborhood. The family have, from time immemorial, connected themselves with the Society of Friends, and the descendants have not in this regard departed from the traditions of their ancestors. Thomas Hazard, father of Rufus, was the eldest of nine chUdren, and was bom at South Kingston, R. I., about 1780. In 1804, or 1805, he married Lydia, a daughter of Wing Rogers, of Ferrisburgh, Vt, by whom he had a family of five children. Lydia Hazard died in the faU of 1836. Her husband died in November, 1840. Their children were born as follows : Robert, on the 5th of January, 1806 ; Rufus, June 1 5, 1808 ; Seneca, July 6, 1810 ; Mary, June 23, 1815 ; and Dennis, May, 17, 1819. Rufus, Seneca, and Dennis are the only ones of the children who are now Uving ; the first two in Ferrisburgh, Vt., and the last in Charlotte, Vt. Rufus Hazard was given such an education as he could obtain from the district school of his native town, and advanced farther in most of his studies than the average pupil, by reason of his studious habits and keen mathematical turn of mind. He remained under his father's roof until he was about twenty-two years of age. His father, not being a good manager, had permitted a heavy mortgage to settle upon the homestead, which the three sons, Robert, Rufus, and Seneca, deemed it important to remove. They accordingly, in 1835, seven years after its foreclosure, and after effecting laborious but profitable improvements in stocking and managing the property, succeeded in redeeming it from the mortgage, though the first year after they undertook it they were obliged to borrow money to pay the interest which had accumulated on the loan. In 1840 Rufus Hazard erected a good, substantial house and buildings on the place, and subjected the farm to other improvements, and remained there until 1867, in the spring of which year, owing to his wife's failing health, he sold the entire .property to Isaac Mosher and Benjamin F. Field, and removed to the house in which he now resides, and which was originally built by Robert B. Hazard, his uncle. Since coming to this part of the town, and for some time before, the principal business of his life has been the settlement of estates of descendants. Among the estates which he has thus settled were the mill property of George Hagan, about 1860 ; the estate of Joel Batty ; and the estates of David Hazard, Thurston Chase, and Joseph Rogers. In politics Mr. Hazard was originally a Whig, and left that party only upon its dissolution and the organization of the Republican party, of which he is now a member. He has held a number of the town offices, but has preferred the life of a quiet citizen to the more ambitious and stirring career of an habitual office-seeker. So far back as 1847 and 1848 he was one of the selectmen of the town. As has been stated, the Hazards have been active members of the Society of Friends from an immemorial past, and in former years Rufus Hazard was one of the main pillars of the society in Ferrisburgh, Vt., relinquishing his active connection at last with it only upon the urgent de mands for rest made by his failing health. He has been married twice; first, on the 12th of June, 1835, to Sarah Allen, of Greenfield, Saratoga county, N. Y., whose religious preferences accorded perfectly with her husband's. She died on the 6th of May, 1868. Mr. Hazard was married again on the 17th of May, 1869, to Ruth, a daughter of Dr. William Carey, an eminent physician of Saratoga county, and a minister in the Society of Friends. She was brought up in the same quarterly meeting as his first wife. Mr. Hazard has no children of his own, but he adopted and cared for a niece of his first wife, now Esther, wife of Thomas R. Nooan, of Addison, Vt She left his house for that of her hus band on the 14th of February, 1860. STEVENS, HERRICK. The subject of this sketch was born in Westport, N. Y., on the 18th day of October, 1820, and in his infancy was brought to Vergennes by his father, Thomas Stevens, who, during the eight or ten years previous to his death, was proprietor of the hotel now known as the Grand Union Hotel, but then called the American House. He died on the 6th day of July, 1835, aged forty-six years. During his boyhood Herrick Stevens at- ^f&k Herrick Stevens. — Cyrus Washburn Wicker. 743 tended to the various duties incidental to that period of a young man's Ufe. At the age of twenty years he entered the employment of his elder brothers, C. C. T. and C. 0. Stevens, who were the proprietors of the Stevens House at Vergennes, from 1840 to 1853 without intermis sion. In 1853 he formed the partnership with J. P. Willard, and went to Chicago as the senior member of the firm of Stevens & WiUard, proprietors of the Matteson House in that city. There he remained about five and one-half years, when he closed out his affairs in Chicago and returned to Vergennes, Vt. It is impossible for a man with great force of character to eat the bread of idleness contentedly, and Mr. Stevens immediately devoted his energies to the im provement of the city of his adoption. In 1868 he procured an interest in the Water Power Company, and has since retained the ownership — building and improving the manufacturing property. Previous to the disintegration of the old Whig party, Mr. Stevens was an active member thereof, and upon the formation of the Republican party he united with it, and has always been an uncompromising advocate of its principles down to the present time. His religious prefer ence is Congregational, to the church of which denomination he and his family are regular at tendants and contributors. On the 15th day of August, 1855, Herrick Stevens married Electa J., a daughter of Hosea Willard, of Vergennes, Vt. They have four children : Mary E., wife of C. L. Hammond, of ¦Chicago ; Helen D., Jennie B., and Herrika M. Stevens — the last three of whom are now living with their parents. WICKER, CYRUS WASHBURN, son of Lemuel and Sally (Haskell) Wicker, was born in Hardwick, Mass., on the 12th day of August, 1814, and was brought by his parents to Orwell, Vt , when he was two years of age. His grandfather, William Wicker, came with them and with them settled on the shore of Lake Champlain, just south of Mount Independ ence, farming in early hfe, until partially disabled by an injury to his hip, after which he pur sued the calling of a shoemaker. His extraction was a mixture of English and Scotch. He died April, 1813, aged eighty-four years — having survived his wife but a short time. It is probable that he was a native of Hardwick. He was the father of six sons and four daughters. Lemuel Wicker was born in Hardwick in 1783, and was therefore thirty-three years of age when he accompanied his father to Orwell, Vt. He was a farmer and blacksmith. The mother of the subject of this sketch was the second wife of Lemuel Wicker, and was the daughter of George Haskell, a farmer of Hardwick, who died on the 25th of May, 1837, aged seventy-six years, just two months and eight days after the death of his wife. Comfort, who was about the same age as he. Lemuel Wicker, the fourth child of six boys and four girls, died in Orwell, Vt, on the 20th day of July, 1825, leaving his wife, who foUowed hiib on the 22d day of July, 1831, aged forty-one. Cyrus W. Wicker was the eldest of the five children of Lemuel Wicker. He had three sisters — Mary, Abigail, and Eliza, of whom the last named was the widow of the late Colonel Clark CaUender, of Shoreham, Vt. He also has one brother, Charles, who is now living in New Haven, Vt He also has one half-brother, who was the son of his mother by her second hus band, George H. Rowley, who is now a resident of Essex county, N. Y. The early life of Mr. Wicker was more eventful than that of most boys in New England. He received a common school education in (OrweU, Vt.; but after the death of his father, when he was but eleven years of age, he was compelled by circumstances to take care of himself. His mother hired him out to work on a farm in the vicinity, in which occupation he remained about two years. He then passed two summers on the Champlain Canal, then but recently opened, and was in that brief period promoted from the towpath to the helm. About 1829 he went to Cornwall Vt., to live with his uncle, Benjamin F. Haskell, a prominent merchant of that town. Here he remained untU 1835, dividing his time between the studies of the school-room, where he completed his education, and the duties of his position as clerk in his uncle's store, where he received a very good business education. Immediately upon his obtaining his majority he 744 History of Addison County. went to his native town in Massachusetts on a visit, after which he repaired to the home of an other uncle, Bela B. Haskell (who at the present writing is stiU living), at Waldoboro, Maine. Mr. Wicker came to Ferrisburgh, Vt, in March, 1836, in pursuance of the advice of a friend of his uncle at Cornwall, Vt, and in the foUowing May, in company with said uncle, opened a store on the hiU just east of the bridge, at North Ferrisburgh, Vt., as a branch of the store at CornwaU. In a few years he severed his connection with his uncle and buUt a store opposite the grist-miU, which he occupied continuously until 1849 (excepting a short time after 1844), when he sold out to a Union Mercantile Company, which soon afterwards gladly sold back to him. From about 1840 to 1843 he was a member of the firm of Sholes, Wicker & Co., his partners being Orrin Sholes and his brother Charles H. Wicker. In 1849 Mr. Wicker removed his business to the west side of the river into the same building now occupied by Joseph L. St. Peters. Here he continued his trade until the spring of 1877, when he sold out to the present occupant of the buUding, who had for the eight preceding years been in his employment as a clerk. Thus Mr. Wicker achieved more than ordinary success; beginning his business in a very small way, which graduaUy increased from year t© year. Mr. Wicker first occupied his present dwelling house in 1838. It was erected by Rowland T. Robinson, and afterwards occupied by John Van Vliet and others. Mr. Wicker's political opinions have never been of that dubious character which cannot be named, or which are not known ; but he has rather been outspoken in his views at all times. Before the last war he was an uncompromising anti-slavery man, and a member of the Free Soil party, and since the organization of the Republican party has ever been identified with it in interest. The confidence of his townsmen in his abUity and honesty is attested by the fact that at different times they have bestowed upon him nearly all of the offices within their gift'^ He rep resented Ferrisburgh, Vt, in the Legislature in 1857 and 1858 ; has been for many years trustee of the Uuited States Deposit Fund for support of public schools, and among still other offices has held the position of justice of the peace for nearly forty years. Among the county offices which have fallen to his lot are the positions of county commissioner, which he held for several years, and of assistant judge of the County Court, which he held in 1881 and 1882. His religious preference is Congregational, and he has been a member of that denomination nearly all of his lifetime. There is no church of this creed in this part of the town, however, and therefore, when a Wesleyan Methodist Church was organized here a number of years ago, he allied himself with it for a time. On the 10th of October, 1838, Mr. Wicker married Maria D. HaUaday, a daughter of Theo dore and Delight Halladay, of Shoreham, Vt. They subsequently moved to Middlebury, where he died March 30, 1857, aged seventy-four years, and his wife August 20, 1853, aged sixty- nine years. Mrs. Wicker was the seventh of eleven children (six sons and five daughters), and was born on the 28th day of July, 1817. Her grandfather was Azariah Halladay, the first of the famUy to come to Verraont ; was born in Hartford, Conn., and died in Shoreham, Vt., on the 11th day of February, 1831, in the eightieth year of his age. Mr. and Mrs. Wicker have had a family of three sons, viz.: Henry C. (now traffic manager of the Chicago and Northwest ern Railroad at Chicago — he is forty seven years of age) ; Cassius Milton (commissioner of the Chicago Freight Bureau, composed of merchants, manufacturers, and Board of Trade, in Chi cago — forty-two years old) ; and Lemuel Theodore, who was born in 1850, and died when but three years of age. Besides the two sons who have reflected great credit upon their parents by their unusual success, Mr. and Mrs. Wicker have a parent's interest in Charles S. Lavake, a nephew, who came from Ohio to live with them in 1862, when he was fourteen years of age, and remained with them until February, 1869 ; he was one of the founders of the house of Sul livan, Drew & Co., in New York city, but is now a member of the firm of James G. Johnson & Co., wholesale miUiners in New York city. Nathan Smith Bennett. 745 BENNETT, NATHAN SMITH. Among the early settlers in the town of New Haven, Vt, was Daniel N. Bennett, who was a brother of John N., first town clerk of Bridport, Vt, who came from Connecticut with his family. He secured a farm in that town, and his son, Benjamin G. Bennett, on the 27th of November, 1805, married Lucy Smith, daughter of Nathan, born October 4, 1784, and granddaughter of Samuel, the Addison county pioneer.' In the year 1814 Benjamin G. Bennett removed to the town of Bridport, where he continued his occupation as a farmer until his death in 1869, aged eighty-five years. His life was a quiet one (he assisted at the battle of Plattsburgh, N. Y., September, 1814), but its duties were so weU performed that he gained the unqualified good-will and respect of aU his townsmen. The chil dren of Benjamin G. Bennett were : Candace. born November, 1807, who married George Mur ray, of Addison, and second, Nahor Wheelock, of Bridport, and is now a widow and with her daughter at Middlebury, Vt.; the second child was the subject of this sketch ; the third was HUa, born June, 1815, who married Daniel Lewis, of Potsdam, N. Y.; the fourth was David A., born November, 1819, who is now a resident of Cleveland, Ohio. Nathan S. Bennett was born in New Haven, Addhson County, Vt, on the 5th of December, 1812, and was, consequently, two years old when his father removed to Bridport His father first occupied land now owned by Hiram Barton, and at a later date built the house where O. S. Gibbs now lives. Nathan S. was given such educational advantages as were then accessible to the farmers' sons of this locality. He attended the district schools and select schools a por tion of each year until he was nineteen years old, and by his naturally studious habits acquired a fair English' education. At the age of nineteen he started out in the world for him.«elf, and began as a clerk in the store of his uncle, Allen Smith, in Addison. After a short period there he took a similar position in the store of J. S. Strong, in Bridport, on the site of Ira D. Fletcher's present store. After two years of faithful service here he made a trip to the West of about eight months, working more or less as a clerk during his absence. Returning to Bridport he en gaged in the store of Joseph Frost, at West Bridport, on the lake shore. He remained in Mr. Frost's employ one year or more, which was followed by a period of similar service for A. A. Buck, in Bridport, for one year. This brings Mr. Bennett's career down to the year 1840, when he was twenty -eight years old. He had, during his labor in these various stores, acquired a knowledge of mercantile busi ness. He now began business on his own account, beginning in a store on the corner opposite the present brick store of his son in Bridport. He was successful from the outset, and might have followed that business through his active life had his health permitted; but his physical strength gave way, and after ten years of active trade he sold out, and foUowed farming there after on a limited scale. This comprises the events in the private business life of Mr. Bennett — a career in which, whatever may have been the financial result, he won nothing but the univer sal good-will and esteem of those with whom he came in contact This fact is clearly demon strated by the fact that his townsmen have honored him with most of the offices in their gift. The minor positions in the town were nearly all fiUed by him many years ago, and in 185u he was elected justice of the peace, which office he holds to this day. He was made town clerk in 1860, and still fills that responsible post; his books being models of neatness and his penman ship as clear and firm as if written when he was twenty, instead of seventy-three years of age. He represented the town in the Legislatui^e in 1853-54, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1870. In all of these public offices he has shown unwavering devotion to the right, and discharged their duties with fidelity and ability. In AprU, 1840, Mr. Bennett was married to Polly E., daughter of Benjamin Miner, jr., ol Bridport. Benjamin Miner, sr., was a captain in the War of the Revolution. After its close he became one of the earliest settlers in Bridport, coming here in the spring of 1786. He located on the land now owned by E. Ladd Miner. Seven years later he removed to near South Mountain, where Charles B. Crane now resides, and there died at the age of nearly ninety-tiiree. 1 For a further account of the Smith family, see biography of Sheldon Smith, in these pages. 746 History of Addison County. ¦ He was born at Stonington, Conn., moving here from New Jersey with his children, who were Benjamin, jr., William, James, Joseph, and Clement ; only the last named was born in this town Benjamin Miner, jr., was born August, 1767 ; began on the farm, and after built the house now occupied by E. L. Miner, in 1791, and became one of the foremost men of the town ; was elected to the Legislature in the first quarter of the century ; was a member of one or more of the Con stitutional Conventions ; was selectman many years and held many other positions of responsi bihty ; and in aU of the relations of life is remembered and universally spoken of as one of the worthiest men of the town. He died in 1851 , aged eighty-four years. He was married to Polly Hemenway, of Shrewsbury, Mass., February, 1793 ; she died in 1858, aged eighty-six years. Their children were Anna, who became the wife of Paris Fletcher, one of the fore most citizens of Bridport (she died in 1854) ; Champlin (died in 1823) ; Betsey (married Joseph Hayward, of Weybridge ; died in 1848) ; Uriah, a farmer (died in this town in 1848) ; Daniel, long a merchant in company with Paris Fletcher (died in the West Indies in 1839) ; Frederick, a farmer (died in this town in 1872) ; and PoUy E., the wife of N. S. Bennett, born in 1815. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Bennett have been Lucy M., born September, 1841, died in her seventh year ; Jennie M., born AprU, 1850, died in the eleventh year of her age ; D. Herman, born May 18, 1853, now the leading merchant of Bridport; has held various town offices and is now town treasurer ; was postmaster since the administration of President Hayes until 1885, and otherwise has received evidence of the confidence of the community. Mr. and Mrs. Ben nett now enjoy the quiet of their pleasant home and the good-will of all. WALKER, RUSSELL. The father of the subject of this sketch was also named RusseU, and was born on the 9th of AprU, 1771. His youth was spent among the Shakers at New Lebanon, N. Y., whence he came to Shoreham, Addison county, Vt., in 1794. On the 10th of September, 1795, he was raarried at his new home, and was engaged in farming on the place which is now owned by Orrin Cooper. In the year 1800 or 1801 he settled in the town of Bridport, Vt., on the farm which is now owned by Selden Walker. In 1806 he exchanged his farm for real estate in the town of Schroon, N. Y., where he remained for ten years. In 1816 he returned and settled on what is now the home of his son, Russell Walker. At that time only six acres of the land were improved. A log house stood on the place, which the- family occupied till 1820, when the farmhouse on the lake shore, southwest of the present dwelling, was built In 1834 he became an inmate of the family of his eldest son, Simon Ze- lotes (a sketch of whose life follows this), on the place now the home of G. R. Walker. His family consisted of two sons and two daughters, as follows : Simon Z., Lovisa (died September- 22, 1875), Russell (the subject of this sketch), Almira (married Richard B. Bloomfield and died on October 14, 1878, in Bridport, Vt). The elder RusseU was a man of prominence in the com munity ; he held the office of justice of the peace for many years, and united early with the Congregational Church. In the War of 1812 he took a conspicuous part, and commanded a company of mihtia from Schroon, which shared in the battle of Plattsburgh. He died on the Sth of September, 1863. His widow survived him until April 1, 1864. Russell Walker, jr., was born in Bridport, Vt, on the 30th of October, 1805, and is a son of' Russell and Anna (CheUis) Walker. His educational advantages were limited to the common schools and one term at the academy at Middlebury, Vt. ; but he made the most of these ad vantages, and secured such an education as fitted him for teaching, which he followed in the winter of 1826-27, in the "Wicker district," in Bridport In the spring of 1827 he entered the employ of Mathew Chambers as a clerk, and about a year later he accepted a similar position in the store of B. F. Haskell, in West Cornwall; remaining here a short time, he accepted a. similar position in Ticonderoga, N. Y., where he remained for about a year and a half. In the spring of the year 1830 he began mercantile business in Whiting, Vt., and six months later he returned to Bridport On the 3d of November, 1830, he was married to Charlotte M., a daugh ter of Benjamin Skis', one of the pioneers of Bridport. She was bom in Bridport on July 15, 1811. Soon after his marriage Mr. Walker formed the firm of Strong & Walker, and began -^^^ ./ S Z. Walker. ^ Russell Walker. Russell Walker. — Simon Zelotes Walker. 747 business in the store now occupied by I. D. Fletcher, in Bridport Here they carried on a suc cessful business for two years, when, on account of failing health, Mr. Walker closed out and returned to his farm, joining his brother, Simon Z., in working it. At the end of the year Mr. Walker purchased his brother's interest, and has since given his entire attention to fanning. He is now the owner of one hundred and seventy acres, which constitute one of the best farms in the county. The old home dweUing was destroyed by fire on the 19th of April, 1 857. The present handsome dweUing was built the same year. Mr. and Mrs. Walker were the parents of two daughters, the eldest of whom died in infancy, and the second, Latetia A., lives at home, caring for her parents in their declining years. Mrs. Walker died suddenly on the 28th of Feb ruary, 1880. She was an estiraable woman, and was beloved by all who knew her. Mr. Walker's excellent natural qualifications and his good bujiness judgment have been fully recognized by his townsmen. He held the office of justice of the peace for many years prior to 1860; was selectman for several terras up to 1862, when he declined further election. He was sent to the Legislature in 1862-63, and took an active part in sustaining the measures for carrying on the war. He has been a lifelong member of the Methodist Church, and is guided in all things by the strictest rules of integrity and the promptings of charity. WALKER, SIMON ZELOTES, was born in Shoreham, Addison county, Vt., November 3, 1796, and was the eldest son of RusseU and Anna (CheUis) Walker. Anna Chellis was a daughter of one of the Revolutionary soldiers, who served honorably as a quartermaster from the Battle of Bunker Hill until the end of the struggle. The ancestor of the subject of this sketch has been noticed properly in the preceding sketch of Russell Walker. Simon Zelotes Walker received his education in the common schools of Bridport and Schroon, which was amplified by extended reading and study in later years. While still a boy and living in Schroon he served as drummer in the company commanded by his father (before mentioned), and was present at the battle of Plattsburgh. Down to about 1830 he occupied the home place and was successfully engaged in farming ; he then purchased what is now the home of his son, G. R. Walker. On the 19th of April, 1840, he was married to Elvira S. Allen, and they had one child, who died in infancy. Mrs. Walker died September 8, 1841. Mr. Walk er was again married January 15, 1843, to Lucinda A. AUen, a sister of his former wife and daughter of Ebenezer Allen, one of the pioneers of Bridport, who settled and cleared the farm where he lived and died; it is still owned by his descendants. Ebenezer Allen married a daughter of Philip and Submit Stone, and they had a family of five daughters, three of whom are living : Mrs. Walker ; Caroline, living in Bridport ; and Fidelia C, wife of Lyman Southard, living in Charles City, la.' Mr. Allen was a prominent citizen of the town, held various local offices, and as justice of the peace was noted for his integrity and the fairness and justice of his decisions. He was always active in all good works — the building up of churches, and benevo lent objects generally ; he was also a prominent and active Freemason. He died December 17, 1875, at the age of eighty-seven years. Simon Z. Walker, after his marriage and settlement on the place now occupied by his son became a successful farmer and stock-grower, and became prominent in the breeding of Saxony sheep. He was a man of sterling character, and sound principles and judgment Recognizing his valuable traits, his townsmen honored him with numerous positions of trust and responsi bUity, which were fiUed in an efficient and honorable manner. He was elected justice of the peace early in life and held the office until his death ; was selectman several terms, and in 1849- 50 served his constituents in the State Legislature. He was a believer in and supporter of Chris tianity, and labored for its advancement In the Masonic order he was also prorainent, and by his general worth and high standard of living won a large number of sincere friends. Mr. and Mrs. Walker were parents of three sons. Albert A. was born May 26, 1849 • he grew to manhood, and during the War of the Rebellion enlisted in Company D, Fourteenth 1 Mrs. Allen died December, 1853, and Mr. Allen was married the second time to Mrs. Truman Gran dey, who died in 1884. 748 History of Addison County. Vermont Volunteers ; in the Battle of Gettysburgh he was wounded on the night of July 3, -whUe assisting a wounded comrade from the field, and died on the foUowing day, July 4, 1863. G. R. Walker is the next son, born August 12, 1847. He was educated in the common schools and academies, and has made farming his only occupation; he has never married. He was se lectman from 1874 to 1877 inclusive, and was elected to the State Legislature in 1 884. S. Z., born January 8, 1850, is a farmer by occupation, and occupies a place adjoining the home farm of his father ; married August 19, 1873, to Addie C. Russell, and they have one daughter and one son ; Walter Z., born April 23, 1880, and Lettie A., born July 26, 1874. G. R. and S. Z. Walker own jointly the two farms occupied by each. SMITH, M. D., M.D. This family of Smith is of French origin. The emigrant from Prance to this country was the sixth generation removed from the doctor. Amos Smith, son of the emigrant, lived in Cheshire, Mass. He raised a family of nine chUdren, four sons and five daughters, of whom Henry Smith was the eldest chUd. He was born on October 6, 1769, in Cheshire, Mass. He married, on February 7, 1790, Anna Blanchard, of Cheshire, Mass. She was born on Noveraber 13, 1770. In the same year of his marriage he moved from Cheshire and settled in Addison township, Addison county, Vt., on the place now owned and occupied by his son, Truman T. Smith. He filled the offices of justice of the peace for many years, and also held other town offices. He represented his town in the Legislature of the State in 1833 and 1834. He was a prominent anti-slavery man, when it cost something to be one. He was, for all the years he was a leading resident of the town, a leading member of the Addison Baptist Church. He died in April, 1849. His wife died in March, 1850. Their chil dren were : Henry Smith, jr. (born on July 31, 1790, and died on April 17, 1793) ; Harty (born on October 17, 1792, wife of Dyer Westcott ; lived in Charlotte, Chittenden county, Vt, thence removed to Canton, St Lawrence county, N. Y., and died at Malone, N. T., leaving a family of children) ; Amos (born on December 17, 1794 ; married Barbara Westcott on March 30, 1819). The latter was a daughter of Stukely and Lydia Westcott, and was bom on August 27, 1797. The children of Amos and Barbara were : Cordelia C. (born on June 6, 1821, wife of Alfred CoUins, both of whom are now deceased) ; Alden A. (born on March 21, 1823, married Kate Thompson, of New York city ; he was an architect in that city, and died in Addison in 1865; his wife and two children survive him); Stukely W. (born on February 19, 1826; mar ried Maria 0., daughter of Wilda and AurUla (Squire) Dorwin). She was born in Hopkinton, St Lawrence county, N. Y., on September 27, 1825. Stukely W. Smith was bora on the old homestead, which is now owned by Truman T. Smith. He has lived on the place where he now resides since he was three years of age. This place was formerly owned by Eli Squire, grandfather of Mrs. Smith. Stukely W. Smith is a prominent farmer in the town of Addison, Vt. ; has filled the important offices of the town, and was its representative to the Legislature of the State in the years 1858 and 1859. The children of Stukely W. and Maria 0. Smith were: Melvin D. (subject of this sketch), Hermon H. (born on December 5, 1854, died on Jan uary 24, 1863), Sarah B. (born on October 15, 1866, now resides at home). Amos Smith died on November 27, 1874, and his wife, Barbara, died on March 29, 1877. Amos and his father, Henry, were at the battle of Plattsburgh, and received a land warrant as soldiers of the War of 1812. Justus (born on December 13, 1796, married Anna Rogers, and by her had a family of nine chUdren ; he died in 1876, and his wife survived him but a few years) ; PoUy (born May 20, 1800, wife of Warham Brown, who was a farmer of Panton, Vt., bolh of whom died, leav ing a large family of children) ; Truman T. (born on May 15, 1803, raarried Urana Rogers on Deceraber 25, 1828 ; by her has had a family of eight children, six of whom are now living and married ; his wife died on March 26, 1885 ; Truman T. now owns and occupies the old home stead where he was born). Dr. M. D. Smith was born in the town of Addison, Vt, on April 27, 1848. He was edu cated in the common schools and also in the select ones of the county, under the tutoring of L. P. Benton, principal of the Vergennes and Bristol schools. His taste for scientific reading was M. D. Smith. M.D.— Hon. Lucius E. Smith. 749 ¦early developed. At the age of seventeen years he engaged in the study of medicine, and in 1868 he associated himself with Dr. James C. Jackson, of DansviUe, N. Y., where he remained ior one year and then entered the Eclectic Medical College, of Penn.^ylvania; and from hpie he graduated in the spring of 1871. He at once associated himself with Dr. A. B. Woodard, of Tunkhannock, Wyoming county, Pa., where he practiced his profession for two years, when he -was called to his native town to take charge of the practice of his old friend and family physi cian Dr. Hinds, who was in faUing health. He remained in Addison, Vt., for nearly seven years, when, feeling the desire for more clinical instruction, he gave up his practice and went to New York, matriculated in the Eclectic Medical College there, and availed himself of the privi lege of the BeUevue Hospital lectures, receiving the degree of M. D. from the E. M. C. in the spring of 1880. He then opened an office in West Cornwall, Vt., where he remained but a few months, after which he went to Chicago, IU., to resume his study in Hannemann Medical College of that city, from which coUege he received the degree in 1884. The same year he located in Middlebury, Vt, and has practiced his profession in that and surrounding towns since. Dr. Smith was married on AprU 27, 1868, to NeUie P., daughter of William and Martha (Murray) Hanks. Mrs. Smith was born in Addison, Vt, on December 18, 1849. Her parents are now living in Addison, Vt Their chUdren are: Kate L., Carlton M., NeUie P., Murray B., Belle M., Jesse P., and Martha W. Levi Hanks, Mrs. Smith's grandfather, was one of the early settlers of Addison, and was a captain in the War of 1812. Dr. and Mrs. Smith have had one child born to them — Hermon B. (born on July 21, 1877). SMITH, HON. LUCIUS E., was a son of Luman B. and Lucia (CoUins) Smith, of Monkton, Vt. He was born at that place on the 5th of October, 1824, and was the second of five chil dren, of whom the others were Hon. A. T. Smith, of Vergennes; Daniel G, of Addison; Jerome B., of Burlington ; and Mrs. B. F. Sutton, of Middlebury, Vt The subject of this sketch had exceptional educational advantages, and made good use of them. He entered and was gradu ated from Juliet College, a Catholic institution at Moscow, Canada, where many priests have been and are now educated. He became a fine French scholar, and to the last kept up his acquaintance with the language through books and newspapers. He was also well informed in general literature and on current topics of popular interest. After his graduation from the college he speculated for a number of years in cattle, sheep, wool, butter, and general produce, having his headquarters in Monkton, Vt. He always owned considerable property in Monk- ton, and left at the time of his death five hundred acres of land. His father, Luman B. Smith, was born just west of Monkton Pond, in 1798, on the farm formerly owned by his (Luman's) father, Daniel Smith, an early settler who attained prominence in the town and represented it in the Legislature a number of years. Daniel Smith died on the 2d of April, 1813, of the epidemic then raging throughout the country. Luman B. Smith died on the 5th of October, 1874. His wife, Lucia, a daughter of Daniel Collins, died on the 19th of September, 1870, aged sixty-eight years. The subject of this sketch came on to the farm which is now occupied by his widow, in 1873 it being the farm owned by her father, Miles B. Bates, who died on the place on the 29th of September, 1878, aged seventy-six years, after having occupied the place for forty years. He was also the son of an early settler, Jehiel Bates. Before the formation of the Republican party Lucius B. Sraith acted in harmony with the old Whig party of illustrious memory, and upon its dissolution united with the Republican party. He was formed by nature for the activities of life, and was the foremost man of his town and one of the foremost in the county. In 1858, 1859, 1861, 1862, and 1880, he was elected to the House of Representatives, and in 1806 and 1867 he was a member of the State Senate, and was always serving on important committees and discharging his various duties with fidelity and intelligence. On the 11th of March, 1865, he was appointed by President Lincoln commissary of subsistence of volunteers, with the rank of captain, and on the 7th of May 1870, he was made the consular agent of the United States at St. Johns, P. Q., where he 47 7SO History of Addison County. remained for about a year. In his own town he was frequently a member of State, county and district conventions, and his familiar form and fine presence at these gatherings will long be pleasantly remembered. He was often selected as a grand juror to the County Court, and was almost invariably chosen foreman by the judges, which duty he discharged with his usual discre tion and tact. He was town treasurer for the twenty-six years preceding his death. In religion Mr. Smith was from choice a Roman Cathohc, and carried out the principles of that faith with unfailing consistency from the first. On the 27th of January, 1853, he was joined in marriage with Elvira, daughter of Miles B. Bates, of Monkton, Vt., who survives him. Two children were the result of this marriage, Wyllys B. Smith, who was born on the 27th of January, 1854, and Fannie E., now the wife of J. E. Buttolph, of Middlebury, born on the 21st of May, 1860. Lucius E. Smith died on the 4th of January, 1886, of paralysis of the heart Outwardly he was the picture of health. Mr. Smith had long suffered with heart disease, and so confident was he that his life was soon to end as it did, that for more than a year previous to his death he had arranged all of his affairs in preparation for his departure. He was suddenly stricken down in the village post-office. NASH, GEN. WILLIAM, is a descendant in the sixth generation from Thomas Nash, who with his wife and five children emigrated from Lancashire, England, in the ship Hector, which landed at Boston July 26, 1637. He was by occupation a gunsmith. He died in New Haven, Conn., May 12, 1658. The youngest of his five children. Timothy Nash, was born in England, or at Leyden, in Holland, in 1626 ; married Rebekah Stone in 1657 ; in 1660 moved to Hartford, Conn., and thence a few years thereafter to Hadley, Mass., which town he repre sented in the General Court of Massachusetts in 1690, '91, and '95. He died March 13, 1699, aged seventy-three years. His wife, Rebekah. died in March or April, 1709. They left twelve children, of whom John Nash, known as Lieutenant John, was the sixth. He was born in Hadley August 21, 1667, and spent his life in that town; was a blacksmith by trade and an extensive land holder. He married, March 29, 1689, Hannah Porter, who died May 26 of the same year. He married, November 27, 1691, Elizabeth Kellogg. John Nash was much employed in town business ; was representative to the General Court of Massachusetts for the town of Hadley seven sessions, from 1707 to 1731. He died October 7, 1743, his wife July 4, 1750. Of their eleven children Samuel was the ninth, born in Hadley January 29, 1709 ; mar ried Margaret MerriU January 24, 1734. Samuel Nash settled as a blacksmith first at Farming- ton, Conn. ; but he eventually settled in Goshen, Conn., where he spent the remainder of his days and died at an advanced age. He also filled many of the town offices ; was justice of the peace twenty-six years, and was a representative in the Legislature from 1757 to 1775. There is no record of the death of his first wife, the mother of all of his children ; but it is known he married (2) a Widow Dickinson, great-grandmother to Senator Daniel S. Dickinson, of New York. Of his eleven children, WiUiam was the fifth. He was born in Farmington, Conn., February, 1743 ; married Susan Phelps, of Simsbury. Conn. He resided in Goshen until after the death of his father, when he removed and settled in New Haven, Vt. He died in New Haven August 2, 1821. His wife died AprU 19, 1819. WiUiam and Susan Nash had ten children, two sons and eight daughters. The sons were David P. and William, jr. WiUiam Nash, jr., or General WiUiam Nash, as he afterward became known, was born in Norfolk, Conn., August 2, 1788, and came with his father and settled in New Haven when he was twelve years of age. His brother, David P., had already settled in that town in the year 1796. General William became associated with his brother in commercial life. In his business relations he was successful, and soon became known as a man of great sagacity and unques tioned integrity. Never having enjoyed superior advantages to acquire an extensive education, he nevertheless embraced those within his reach. His mind was naturally acute and inquisi tive. In all matters vital to the happiness of his adopted town or county he took a deep and absorbing interest. Nor did he confine himself to this comparatively sniaU field. He was an :-V^' fr ]. P. Douglas. Gen. William Nash. — Julius Preston Douglas. 751 intelligent observer of aU matters which aff'ected the prosperity of State and nation, and his influence was always found on tbe side of justice and humanity. He was frequently honored, by his townsmen, to many of its most important offices, the duties of which he faithfully dis charged. He represented the town in the Legislature during the sessions of 1825, '26, '36, and '49, and was State senator from the county in 1846-47. He was delegate to the National Whig Convention in 1852, that nominated General Scott for the presidency. He was active in secur ing in 1832 a charter for the bank at Middlebury, and upon its organization was elected director and president, which position he held for fourteen years, the term of its charter. Upon the re-chartering of the bank he was again elected president, but resigned, choosing to act as one of its directors only, which place, he held untU the failure of his health, when he resigned, and the vacancy was filled by the election of his son, William Phelps Nash, esq. General Nash was for more than twenty years a member of the corporation of Middlebury CoUege, to the funds of which he was liberal in his contributions. For many years he was vice-president of the Vermont State Bible Society, and contributed liberally to its support He also gave largely to the funds of the Home and Foreign Missions. He was an active and influential member of the county and State temperance societies, and aided materially in the formation of that public sentiment which resulted in the passage of the prohibitory law of the State, and to the very last was an earnest supporter of the law and a firm advocate of its rigid enforcement. With all the excellent qualities which characterized his life, the religious phase of it was its unquestioned crowning glory. The general was an active member of the New Haven Congregational Church for more than forty years. Free from ostentation and show, he labored to show forth to the world the power of true Christianity, in a well-regulated life and conversation. He was always ready to respond to the wants of the needy and destitute. Food for the hungry and clothes for the naked were his unostentatious gifts to many who remained in ignorance of the source from whence the needed help had corae. His quiet, unobtrusive manner and gentle demeanor always won to him the hearts of the young and caused a genial influence to surround him in the presence of his peers in age and experience. General Nash married, September 25, 1788, Mary P. Wright, of Weybridge, Vt He died at his residence in New Haven December 15, 1871. His wife died April 27, 1880. They had a family of ten sons : WiUiam Phelps, born November 6, 1817, owns and occupies the homestead; Charles Dennis, born April 19, 1819, banker and treasurer of Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, MUwaukee, Wis. ; Fordyce Theron, born July 9, 1820, died July 18, 1869; Edwin WaUace, born February 27, 1823, died May 14, 1828; James Jewett, born April 27, 1824, died May 17, 1846; Jonathan, born July 31, 1821, a graduate of Middle bury CoUege, merchant in JanesviUe, Wis. ; Joseph R., born AprU 16, 1826, died April 9, 1878; WaUace, born June 24, 1828, died May, 1876; Noah Preserved, born July 21, 1830, a farmer in Wisconsin; Dorastus Wright, born April 17, 1833, farmer in New Haven. DOUGLAS, JULIUS PRESTON. Among the pioneers of Addison county was the family of Jaraes Marsh Douglas, who came from Cornwall, Conn., to the town of Corn wall, Addison county, in 1784, where James Marsh Douglas died in 1790. His son, .Benajeh Douglas, was born in CornwaU, Conn., August 5, 1780; was a successful farmer and hotel keeper in Cornwall, Vt., for many years. He was muph interested in railitia affairs in the early'davs. His first wife was Salome Scott, by whom he had two children, one daughter and one son. His second wife was Betsey Preston. To that union were born two daughters and six sons; one daughter and four sons survive, of whom one is the subject of this sketch. The latter are aU weU known and respected citizens of Addison county. Benajeh Douglas died in 1828. Julius Preston Douglas was born in Cornwall, Addison county, Vt, June 12, 1815. His boyhood did not differ materially frora that of most boys of that period — it was a period of labor alternating with attendance at thp primitive schools of the day. Born and bred on a farm in the most fertile districts of Addison county, within the town of Cornwall, he owes to 752 History of Addison County. that wholesome and industrious country life the habits and the character which are at the bot tom of so many successes in the world. On reaching manhood, January 3, 1843, Mr. Douglas married Emily H. WiUiamson, daughter of Abraham Williarason, an early settler in CornwaU. In the following spring he purchased the Widow Wright farm -in Middlebury, thus making hia settiement in life most happily complete. His original purchase consisted of seventy-five acres- he is now the owner of two hundred and twenty-five acres, forming a more than comfortable estate in weU chosen lands, with a modern and substantial faraily residence and numerous and convenient farm buildings, all of which has been acquired by his own thrift and energy. A successful farmer and stock-raiser, in addition to which he owns and manages a hay-press in Middlebury vUlage, and has for many years been an extensive dealer and shipper of hay and straw. Mr. and Mrs. Douglas are the parents of one daughter and two sons. The former, DeUa P., was the wife of Horace B. Stoddard, of Dumerston, Vt. ; she died July 6, 1882. J. Barclay Douglas and Julius Preston Douglas, jr., are still on the home place. Their oldest son, J. B. Douglas, was married February 12, 1873, to Mary B. Germond, who died November 23, 1881, leaving four children — two daughters and two sons. Juliu.s P. Douglas, jr., was united in marriage to Miss Laura Vancor March 26, 1884. Mr. Douglas never sought public position. His life has been eminently a practical and suc cessful one, and he is still one of the most active and energetic men in the community. JEWETT, B. R. Willow Lawn is in some respects the handsomest estate in Buffalo. It lies on Main Street, near the raUroad over which the Belt Line trains conveniently run at short intervals. Its grounds stretch back through acres of farm land to the City Park. The finest half-mile avenue in the city limits for pleasure driving sweeps down past the place and merges into the park roads. The house, lacking the pretensions of many a more modern and expensive city residence, is large, roomy, and has an unmistakable air of comfort and convenience. The long path that leads up to it from the street crosses a lawn well set with trees and shrubs. The chief pride of the lawn, however, the cherished object which has given the estate its pleasant name, is a willow tree. Its great trunk, six feet in diameter and nineteen in circumference, ¦divides, a dozen feet or so above the ground, into many huge branches. A simple seat encircles the tree. It is probably the largest tree in Buffalo ; nor do we know of any so large within many miles of Buffalo. It is not the only large willow at Willow Lawn, but it dwarfs its com panions. Who planted it is not known. The legend lives that around the tree the Senecas used to gather. Beyond that its history must be supplied by the imagination. Willow Lawn is the horae of Mr. Elam R. Jewett He was a pioneer of the printing and publishing business in Buffalo; has for alraost half a century been one of Buffalo's leading citi zens ; and there is none to-day more truly alive to the city's progress and welfare than he. Elam R. Jewett was a Green Mountain boy. He was born at New Haven, Vt, December 10, 1810. About the time that Horace Greeley (born in New Hampshire when Elam R. Jewett was two months old, in Vermont) first stood up to the printer's case at East Poultney, Vt, to set type for the Northern Spectator, young Jewett left his native town and went to learn the same trade in the office of the National Standard, at Middlebury. Each was to win an eminent rank in a noble caUing, at different ends of the Empire State. After a term of two months' attendance at the Montpelier Academy he became one of the publishers of the Vermont State Journal, Mr. C. L. Knapp — afterward member of Congress and editor of the Lowell Qitizen — being his associate. Shortly afterward they assumed the publica tion of the Middlebury Free Press, and carried on both papers. They were both anti-Masonic, that question being then prorainent in the politics of the country. In 1838 Mr. Jewett made a trip to Ohio, where he contemplated engaging in business; but changing his plans he went to Buffalo, where in the fall of 1838, with Dr. Daniel Lee, he bought the Journal. Buffalo had then about 10,000 inhabitants. Election was coming on, and there were two Whig papers struggling for a living. It was E. R Jewett. 753 suggested to Mr. Jewett that consolidation, if possible, would be a wise policy. Acting under this advice, the Journal, in May, 1839, was merged in the Commercial Advertiser. The consolidated paper was called the Commercial Advertiser and Journal, in order to pro tect the legality of unexpired advertisements for awhile, and then the Journal was dropped and the Commercial Advertiser used only. The publishers were E. R. Jewett & Co., Dr. Thomas M. Foote being the Company. Under this management the paper prospered. In 1847 a midshipman named PoUocki, angered at an article which had appeared, walked into the office and fired a pistol at Mr. Jewett. The buckshot lodged in a leather wallet, fuU of papers, in Mr. Jewett's pocket, and did no harm. Pollock subsequently lodged in prison. The succeeding years brought many bu.siness changes. In 1850 Mr. Jewett assumed the management of the Albany State Register and had charge of it for two years, meantime con tinuing his business in Buffalo, which had grown into large proportions in the job and stationery Unes. S. H. Lathrop was added to the firm in 1850. A relief line engraving business was buUt up, the work done by the company winning a high reputation. Mr. Jewett disposed of the engraving department of his business to H. Chandler & Co., from whom it passed to Messrs. WUliam P. Northrup & Co., and thence to Messrs. Matthews, Northrup & Co. In 1856 Messrs. Jewett and Foote went to Europe with President FUlmore, between whom and Mr. Jewett a warm personal friendship had existed from the time of Mr. Jewett's settle ment in Buffalo. Circumstances preventing Messrs. FiUmore and Foote from going to the Holy Land, as was contemplated, Mr. Jewett joined a party of Araericans bound thither and traveled through Palestine. At Cannes, in France, the summer residence of Lord Brougham, President Fillmore and companions were invited to the chateau of the English statesman and cordially welcomed. At Rome they were given an audience by his holiness Pope Pius IX. In 1857, soon after Mr. Jewett's return, the panic carried down his former partners, Messrs. Jewett and Foote, the largest creditors, bought the business of the concern from the assignee, thus once more becoming publishers of the Commercial Advertiser. In 1862 the establishment was sold to Messrs. Wheeler, Warren, & Candee. In a paper read before the Buffalo Historical Society November 23, 1863, by C. F. S. Thomas, on " Reminiscences of the Press of Buffalo from 1835 to 1863," he says : " The first small job printing press was introduced in 1845 by Jewett, Thomas, & Co., who also established the first stereotype foundry in this city in 1846 or 1847." Continuing, Mr. Thomas said : '' It was in the summer or fall of 1836, I believe, that the Buffalo Journal was first published as a daily, Messrs. Haskins & Day stiU continuing as editors. The Journal, after continuing a rather unprofitable existence for several years, passed about 1839 into the hands of Mr. E. R. Jewett, with whom was associated Dr. Lee and Mr. Clarke as editors, and in the same year it was united with the Commercial Advertiser, and Dr. Foote and Mr. Jewett continued as proprietors." In an interesting paper on reminiscences of thirty-eight years of newspaper life, read by Mr. George J. Bryan January 29, 1876, he says: "As a publisher Mr. Jewett was eminently suc cessful. He possesses decided executive abUity and rare business talent May he Uve to enjoy his hard-earned competence!" A number of young men who at one time and another were in Mr. Jewett's employ have risen to marked eminence in their calling. Mr. Jewett takes a just pride in speaking of the accomplishments of "his boys," as he caUs them. Among these "boys" were the late Wilbur P. Storey, of the Chicago Times; S. P. Rounds, late government printer at Washington; and others in the publishing business or newspaper profession, among them the proprietor of The Buffalo Express. The late T. S. Hawks, of this city, was stUl another of Mr. Jewett's " boys " • as were Quartus Graves, afterward a publisher; S. Verrinder, a Baptist minister; Elias Dougherty, who became an Ohio publisher, and others. After a few years, during which he engaged successfully in the envelope and stationery business, Mr. Jewett bought the Chapin farm, now a part of Willow Lawn, and retired from active business pursuits to the comparative quiet of suburban life. He took up farming with 754 History of Addison County. enthusiasm. He added to his original purchase until he had 450 acres. When the park was laid out 200 acres of his farm were taken under the right of eminent domain ; but the remainder is found ample for successful scientific farming. Here he lives in pleasant retirement, though his retirement is by no means withdrawal from friends or public aff'airs. Many relatives east and west find WiUow Lawn a delightful " half way house," and a host of friends have learned its hospitality. Mr. Jewett was married in 1838 to Miss Caroline Wheeler, like him a native of New Haven, Vt. Though no living children bless their advanced years, they are spared to each other and the community, and are untiring in good deeds. Mr. Jewett has never oared for participation in politics. The office of supervisor for the twelfth ward was once forced upon him and, though somewhat against his wiU, he accepted the election, and in his faithful discharge of duties was a rebuke to the sort of men who seek and gain office only to neglect its obligations. In a worthier cause, however, Mr. Jewett's name is illustrious. A devout and sincere Epis copalian, he has long been a generous source of practical aid to the Church. About two years and a half ago he gave to the Church Home a very valuable tract of five acres of land adjoining the park and lying on the beautiful avenue he had made, and which is properly named Jewett Avenue. The gift was on condition that within thrce years there be guaranteed at least $10,000 for the erection of a chapel thereon as a memorial to the late beloved Edward Ingersoll, D. D. Mr. Jewett had long seen the need of an Episcopal house of worship in this growing part of the City. In fact, for many months past he has caused public services to be held at his house on Sundays. It is gratifying to learn that Mr. Jewett's magnificent offer to the Church Home has been availed of, and that a suitable chapel is to stand amid these lovely surroundings, a monument aUke to the saint whose name it is to bear and to the devoted generosity of Elam R. Jewett. GRAY, OZRO P. Ozro Preston Gray was born in Bridport, Addison County, Vt., on September 18, 1806. Of the ancestors the following is known : His grandfather. Dea con Lamond Gray, was a descendant of Scotch ancestors who in 1612 settled in the North of Ireland, near Londonderry. In 1718 the family of which John Gray was the head, with some forty other famUies, emigrated through Boston to Worcester, Mass. In 1743 the family settled in Pelham, Mass., where Lamond Gray was born in 1753, the son of Daniel Gray. He was a well-educated man and taught school for a time in that vicinity. May 26, 1778, he was married to Mrs. Isabel Conkey Hamilton, widow of Lieutenant Robert Hamilton, by whom he had two chUdren, Robert and Isabel ; the latter afterward became the wife of Cap tain Jeremiah Lee, of Bridport, Vt., in 1795. After his marriage with Mrs. Hamilton Mr. Gray remained in Pelham about ten years, when, in company with his father, and brother Jeremiah, he came to Bridport and purchased two tracts of land of one hundred acres each. One of these tracts is about a mile south of the village, the other hundred acres included the farm where Prosper 'Lee lived and died. After the close of the Shay rebellion, Daniel and Jeremiah Gray returned to Pelham, leaving Lamond on their clearing. They subsequentiy transferred to him their title to the two tracts. Lamond Gray thus became one of the early settiers of Bridport, and there remained until 1812, when he died. He was elected clerk of the'towil in 1790 and held the position for many years; he was also a deacon in the Congregational Church and was a useful and respected citizen. His children were Joel and Mary. Daniel graduated from Middlebury College in 1805, and soon afterward married Susannah Rice, by whom he had on& child, the subject of this sketch. Ozro P. Gray received the education afforded by the public schools,' which was supplement ed by careful study and reading in later years. When he was eighteen years of age he began a three years' apprenticeship with Thomas Atwood, a tanner of the town of Shoreham ; he fin ished his trade and worked for Mr. Atwood as a journeyman about four years. In the year 1832 he went to Crown Point and engaged in the same business on his own account, at what i» Ozro P. Gray. — Wyman Henry Merritt. 755 known as "The Centre." On the second of January, 1833, he was married to Mary Nelson, a daughter of WUliam and Charlotte (Bailey) Nelson, some of the pioneers of Crown Point; she was born on the fourteenth of August, 1809, at Crown Point Mr. Gray became a leading citizen of Crown Point, and carried on a successful business there as a tanner and currier ; he also held the office of poormaster for many years. In 1865 he disposed of his business and removed to Bridport, Vt., where he purchased a tract of land on which he Uved until his death on the 5th of May, 1882. He had by his Ufe of integrity, liberality in the support of all worthy public objects, his ¦sound judgment and high order of intelligence gained the esteem of the entire community ; his widow still survives. They were the parents, by adoption, of one daughter, Edna Gray, now the wife of Henry C. Rice, of Port Henry, N. Y. "IY/TERRITT, WYMAN HENRY.— The surname Merritt is derived from the ancient Saxon ¦^'-i manor and parish of Meriet, in Somersetshire, England. The family trace their pedigree in direct line back to Eadnoth the Statter, a high officer under Kings Edward, Harold, and WiUiam the Conqueror. The line, as taken from a carefully prepared genealogical record, is as follows: 1. Eadnoth the Statter; 2. Harding Fitz Eadnoth; 3. Nicholas Fitz Harding; 4. Henry Fitz Nicholas ; 5. Nicholas De Meriet ; 6. Hugh De Meriet; 7. Nicholas De Meriet; 8. John De Meriet; 9. Sir John De Meriet; 10. William De Meriet ; 11. Simon De Meriet; 12. Sir John Meriet ; 13. John Meriet. From the latter, through several generations, embracing a period of 230 years, descended Henry Merritt, born in County of Kent, England, about 1590, fhe first ancestor of the family who came to this country. He came before 1028, and with others, called " men of Kent," founded the town of Scituate, Plymouth county, Mass., where he becarae a large landed proprietor, and died November, 1652. His descendants in direct hne were as follows: 2. John Merritt, born about 1625, died in Scituate after the year 1670; 3. John Merritt, born in 1660, died June 4, 1740; 4. Jonathan Merritt, born in 1792 and died in Hebron, Conn., October 21, 1758; 5. Noah Merritt, born in Scituate iu 1730 and died March 24, 1814, in Templeton, Worcester county, Mass. He had thirteen children, of whom (6.) Noah Merritt was the eldest ; born October, 1758, and died August 21, 1843, in Sudbury, Rutiand county, Vt. He served six years in the Revolutionary War, and was personally acquainted with Washington. He was a man of high character and great intellectual and physical force. He married Eunice Metcalf and raoved to Brandon, Vt., about 1785. Of his seven children (7.) Noadiah Merritt was the eldest child ; born in Templeton, December 23, 1782, and died in Pierpont, N. Y., January 1, 1854; married, first, Uranie Goodrich November 26, 1807; chil dren, Polly, Lucy M., Esther A., Henry H., Nabby, Roxie and Achsah B. He married, second, ReUef Parker November 25, 1821. Children, Noadiah Parker, Emily Uranie, Julia Ellen, Dar win Hamilton, Edwin Atkins, Julius Fernando, William Wallace, Marshall Josephus and John Harvey. Of the children by the last marriage General Edwin A. Merritt was quartermaster- general under Governor Reuben E. Fenton ; was collector of the port of New York under President Hayes ; naval officer of the port of New York under President Grant; also surveyor of the port, and was appointed by President Garfield consul-general to Great Britain. Is now Uving in Potsdam, N. Y. William W. Merritt is a UniversaUst minister, living in Red Oak la. John Merritt is presiding elder in the Methodist Episcopal Church in Colorado, and Darwin Merritt is a farmer, living in Pierpont, St Lav/rence county, N. Y. Henry Harrison Merritt the only son of Noadiah and Uranie (Goodrich) Merritt, the eighth generation removed from Henry Merritt above named, was born in Sudbury, Vt, October 26, 1812. He was educated in the district school of his native town, in the West Rutiand Academy and Brandon Serainary • •was a teacher in the towns of Brandon, Sudbury and Orwell about ten years. Married' March 5, 1843, Melissa D. Wheeler, who was born in Sudbury December, 29, 1813, daughter of Henry T. and Catharine (Russell) Wheeler. Mr. Merritt lived in Sudbury until April 1862 ¦when he removed to Brandon, where for eight years he carried on a farm for N. T. Sprague' his principal business being the raising of Spanish Merino sheep. In 1879 he quit farming and 756 History of Addison County. moved to the village of Brandon, where he has since resided. Before commencing his occupa tion as a farmer he was for ten years engaged in selling patent medicines in Canada and the States, and from 1851 to 1854 was superintendent of the North River Mining and Quarrying Company. Before the war Mr. Merritt represented his town of Sudbury in the years 1848, 1849 and 1853, as a Democrat. He filled also many of the town offices. He was successively captain, major and lieutenant-colonel of State militia. The children of Henry H. and Melissa D. Merritt were Wyman Henry, subject of this sketch, Kate Bell, born February 21, 1850, wife of Dr. J. 0. Walton, of FaU River, Mass.; Charies H., born September 23, 1848, died January 23, 1848 ; CUfton A. E., born August 10, 1854, cashier in the Metropolitan Hotel, New York city. Wyman Henry Merritt was born in the town of Sudbury, Rutland county, Vt, December 11, 1843. He received his education in the district school of his native town, two years in a private school taught by Frank Bingham in West Rutland, and two years' attendance at the Troy Conference Academy. In 1862 he volunteered as a private in the Twelfth Regiment Verniont Volunteers, Asa P. Blunt, colonel, and served one year, being mustered out at the end of his term of enlistment WhUe in the service he contracted sciatic rheumatism. In 1865 he became clerk in the Brandon House for two years, afterwards at the American, at Burlington,. at the Weldon, at St. Albans, then at the Memphreraagog, at Newport, Vt. In the spring of 18C9 he became the manager of the Lake Dunmore House, at Lake Dunmore, Salisbury, Vt., for J. W. Dyer & Co., until 1872. The next season he was steward for Foster E. Swift, in the Wilson House, North Adams, Mass., and the Greylock Hall, WiUiamstown, Mass. In the faU of 1873 became the manager at the Stevens House, Vergennes, Vt In the spring of 1874 be came the proprietor of the Unitoga Springs House, Newport, N. H. In the year following was proprietor of the Brandon House, and the next year of the Nonquitt House, at Nonquitt Beach, near New Bedford, Mass. On the 30th of October, 1876, upon his return from a visit to the Centennial, to Brandon, he received a severe stroke of paralysis, whereby he was deprived of aU use of limbs and speech, and all memory was gone. He was obliged to re-learn even the alphabet He was confined to the bed for about a year, his recovery being very slow, and, indeed, has never re covered the use of his right arm or f uU use of his right leg. The rheumatism contracted in the army followed him, at intervals, up to the time of receiving the paralytic stroke, but has not troubled him since. Two weeks after the stroke typhoid fever set in and for weeks his life was despaired of. At the end of two years he was able to go to New York city for treatment, under the care of the celebrated Dr. Lewis A. Sayre. He became so far recovered that he was able to take an appointment in the naval office under Colonel Alvin Burt, but was soon trans ferred to the custom house as clerk in the eighth division, and placed in charge of the sugar sample department, which position he occupied untU June, 1885. This position was secured for him by his uncle, General E. H. Merritt, then coUector of the port. Upon his return to Vermont he became proprietor of the Lake Dunmore House, which position he now holds. Mr. Merritt married, June 5, 1886, Mrs. Florence Steele. Mrs. Merritt has a daughter by i^ former marriage — Teney Steele. BEACH, ALLEN PENFIELD, was born in the town of Ferrisburgh, Vt., on the 27th day of November, 1813. His grandfather, Nehemiah Beach, was one of three Beach brothers livino- near Bridgeport, Conn., where he died in 1792, aged forty-five years. He left a family of six chUdren, three sons and three daughters. Stephen, the eldest, was the father of the subject of this sketch. Stephen Beach was born near Bridgeport, Conn., in 1777, and upon his father's- death learned the weaver's trade. Although he completed his apprenticeship, he did not long pursue the business, but gave his attention to farming. Early in the nineteenth century he came to Ferrisburgh. In 1802 he was married to Ann, a daughter of James Penfield, of Fair field, Conn., which place was burned by the British. She was born in 1773. The newly-mar ried couple came at once to Vermont and settled in Monkton. After a residence of about three years Allen Penfield Beach. — Franklin D. Barton. 757 they removed to West Ferrisburgh, and purchased the farm which is now owned and occupied by Allen P. Beach. Stephen Beach was a Republican, and was made justice of the peace, which position he held for a number of years. He was an ardent member of the Methodist Church. Ee was the fatiier of nine children, aU but Sally, the eldest, who is now dead, having been bom in Ferrisburgh. The others were — Ira, now Uving near Cleveland, 0.; Ethan and Eden, twins, who died in infancy ; Burr, now a resident of Ferrisburgh ; Levi, of Kansas ; Stephen, and AUen P., of Ferrisburgh; and Mary Ann, the deceased wife of Putnam Allen, of Ferrisburgh, Vt Mr. Allen Beach's mother was a descendant of one of three Penfield brothers, Peter, James, and John, who came frora England very early in the history of this country, and settied in Fair field, Conn. She was a distant relation of Aaron Burr. Allen P. Beach added to his first pur chase 200 acres, making in aU 450 acres of hard land, and fifty of marsh. The farm is well stocked with cattle and sheep (registered). Mr. Beach was formerly a Jackson Democrat. Since the last war he has voted the Republican ticket. He has ever avoided office, but has served as selectman, justice of the peace, and as a member of the grand jury, etc., at times. He is an honored member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his life is consistent with its teachings. For more than forty years he has been an officer in the church of his choice. Sin cerity, integrity, and industry are prominent characteristics of A. P. Beach. He has had little litigation during his life, his rule being to obey literally the motto of his forefathers, " Let your word be a bond." The subject of this notice has been twice married. His first marriage oc curred on the 26th of December, 1838, when Caroline, daughter of Rev. Ira Bentiey, a Metho dist clergyman, becarae his wife. She died in December, 1853, leaving two chUdren — Ardelia Augusta (now the wife of F. M. Strong, of Vergennes, Vt She was a teacher for thirteen years in the schools of Iowa and IlUnoi.s) ; Harvey Fisk, who was bora on the Oth of August, 1850, and is now living on the farm next adjoining his father's. In December, 1871, he married Phebe, daughter of Jaraes Torrey, of Panton, Vt, and by her has had three chUdren — Charles Edgar, Caroline Eunice, and AUen P. Mr. Beach was married again in 1855 to Mary, daugh ter of Cyrus Collins, of Ferrisburgh, Vt., who is still living at the age of sixty-two years. BARTON, FRANKLIN D. The family of Barton was among the first settiers of the town of Waltham. Andrew Barton was the first settler on the farm now owned by A. B. Rose. His son, Andrew Barton, jr., was the first town clerk and also the first justice of the peace. He was a well-educated man for his time, with native talents of a high order. He died in 1802, in the prime of life, aged forty-one years. WUliam Barton, son of Andrew Barton, represented the town in the Legislature in the year 1832 ; George Barton, in the years 1833, '34, and '38. Dyer Barton, grandfather of Franklin D., died on July 31, 1808, aged fifty-nine years, leav ing his estate to his son, Johu D. Barton, and a daughter, who became the wife of Jeptha Shedd, who was a book dealer and binder in the city of Vergennes, Vt. Dyer Barton's widow subsequently married Avery Ferguson, who resided in her house on the northern part of the farm now owned by Franklin D., untU her death, July 23, 1847, at the age of eighty-nine years. The first fifty acres owned by John D. Barton were given him by his uncle Andrew Barton, for the care and support of the latter during his natural life. He died soon after this arrange ment was made, on January 10, 1813, aged seventy-three years. This land, with the estate which came to him upon the death of his father, and the subsequent purchase of the farms of Abijah and Judson Hurd, made him one of the largest land owners in the town of Waltham, Vt. John D. Barton was born in Waltham, Vt, on July 29, 1788. He was married on Novem ber 25, 1813, to Betsey Smith, who was born in Chester, Vt, on May 7, 1795. Their children were: Cynthia (bom on January 13, 1815, widow of Calvin Bragg, and now resides in Ferris burgh, Vt) ; Juliette (born August 1, 18] 6, died on October 7, 1828) ; Henry Smith (born on November 20, 1818, died on April 6, 1819) ; Eunice EUza (born on AprU 30, 1820; wife of Lo renzo Bacon, a farmer living in Dickinson, Franklin county, N. Y. ; they have three children living — Mariette R., wife of Daniel Hare, Edna C, wife of Selden B. PhiUips, and Charles D.) • Nelson B. (born on February 3, 1823, died on October 7, 1828) ; Fanny D. (born on May 4 75 8 History of Addison County. 1825 ; wife of David Hare, now living in Walthara, Vt.) ; Amos M. (born on March 2, 1828 ; married Harriet N. Howe, their children being — Lillian B., wife of Edson H. Bisbee, Geo. S., who died January, 1885, Henry A., Harriet B., Charles S., Martha E., Mabel C, Fanny D., Bessie J., and Archie M., who died December, 1882 ; now a merchant, living in KingsvUle, Ash tabula county, Ohio); Sumner (born on May 21, 1831, died on May 27, 1843); Franklin D. (subject of this sketch) ; Juliett Elizabeth (born on November 18, 1836, now living with her .sister, Mrs. Hare); Mariette Rachel (born on May 3, 1839, died on February 6, 1845). Mrs. Betsey Barton died on November 19, 1553. Mr. Barton married for his second wife Widow Mandana Smith, who survived him. He died on September 11, 1863, aged seventy-five years. Franklin D. Barton succeeded to the bulk of his father's estate by deed from him and by pur chase from the heirs, and has fully sustained the reputation of being a thorough-going, success ful farmer and stock raiser. He was born on the farm which is now owned by hira, on Febru ary 28, 1834. He received his education in the common schools and at the Poultney Academy. While yet an attendant at school he became interested in the raising of Spanish Merino sheep, and persuaded his father to purchase of Edwin Hararaond forty head of yearling ewes, the first venture in the direction of an interest which he has since followed untiringly, until, at the present time (1886), he stands by common consent at the head of the Spanish Merino sheep breeders of Addison county, and this not only in the quality, but in the size of his flock. Ad dison county, Vt, is understood to be headquarters for Spanish Merino sheep in the United States. From the very first his aim has been to secure and preserve the highest standard of excellence, always breeding from the best and purest-blooded rams owned by others until he had produced equally as good from his own flock. The foundation of his present flock was laid in 1864, by purchase of fifty-six ewes from William R. Sanford, Edwin Hammond, and Azro J. Stowe, the Stowe purchase being purely Hammond Stock. He purchased these at an aggre gate cost of $21,500. He has confined the breeding to the pure Atwood Merino and has toler ated no admixture. His sales have been made for the most part at horae and have been exten sive, sorae years amounting to twenty thousand dollars and upward. In 1883 some fifty head were sold to parties from Australia. In 1880 Mr. Barton built one of the handsomest and most convenient stock-barns in New England, if not in the world. The main building is ninety-six by fifty feet, especiaUy designed for cattle, while the wing is one hundred and eight by forty feet, supplied with all modern conveniences for housing and feeding his sheep. The whole is three stories high, and so arranged by a system of inclined planes that teams may be driven upon either floor. Both of the upper floors are used for storing grain and hay, the upper story being especially arranged as a place for threshing, and from which large granaries extend to the lower floor, so that grain may be taken from them with convenience from either story. The basement is arranged for storing roots, manure, etc., and the barn is not only mammoth in pro portion but a model of convenience, and is justly the pride of the town. Mr. Barton married LoreUe L. Bullard May 7, 1878, who died October 8, 1883. In politics he is Republican, but has been too busily employed in the conducting of his exten sive farm and stock operations to devote much of his time to politics. He has sometimes accepted various offices of his town, but has been no seeker after official positions. HAND, REV. RICHARD CHARLES.— Nathan Hand, grandfather of Richard C, was born on Long Island in 1747, married Anna, daughter of Isaac and Hannah Barnes, who was l)orn July 18, 1749. He died May 26, 1811, aged sixty-four; she died July 14, 1812, aged sixty-three. They had nine children — five sons and four daughters — of whora Captain Sarauel Hand was the eldest He was born in Bast Hampton, Long Island, N. Y., October 13, 1769. He married Eliza SUI March 4, 1801, at Granville, Washington county, N. Y. She was born April 22, 1782, in Lyme, Conn. Captain Samuel Hand near the close of the last century settled in the southwest part of Shoreham township, bordering on Lake Champlain, where he buUt in 1841 the present homestead. He died there September 13, 1845. His wife died July 14, 1859. Nathan and Samuel Hand and their wives are buried in Birchard burying-ground, Shoreham. Richard C. Hand. Rev. Richard Charles Hand.— Nicholas J. McCuen. 759 Captain Samuel and Eliza Hand had six children, viz : Richard Charles, Augustus C, Nancy Augusta, Susan A., Eliza Ann, and Harriet, all of whom, with the exception of EUza A., who ¦occupies the homestead, are deceased. Richard Charles Hand was born in Shoreham January 21, 1802; prepared for college at the Newton Academy, in Shoreham ; entered Middlebury CoUege, and was graduated from that institution in 1822 ; pursued his theological studies for three years at the Andover Theological Seminary, and after receiving license he settled in Gouverneur, N. Y., where he became pastor of the Presbyterian Church. He remained there about seven years. He then became district secretary of A. B. 0. F. M., three years in New York and nearly four years in Northern New England. Pastor of the Danville Congregational Church at DanvUle, Vt., nearly seven years, and at Bennington for the same period. At this time his health had so failed hira that he was obliged ¦to withdraw from the active duties of his profession, and in 1854 moved to Brooklyn, N. Y., where he was a resident at the time of his death, which occurred July, 1870. He married, August 2, 1826, Agnes Hunsdon, who died May 10, 1828; February 13, 1831, married Rhoda Hoyt, of New Haven. The latter died March 31, 1870. Their chUdren were: Lockhart Au gustus Charles, born at Gouverneur, N. Y., August 15, 1832, died at New Haven, Vt, March 13, 1834, of brain fever; Agnes Eliza, born at Danville, Vt., July 16, 1845, lived in Brooklyn, N. Y., was educated at Packer Collegiate Institute, graduated 1864 ; died of heart disease at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., August 7, 1865. The whole family are buried in Birchard Cemetery, ¦Shorehara. McCUEN. NICHOLAS J., resident of the city of Vergennes, Vt., son of Robert and Mary (Foster) McCuen, was born in Castlebar, County Mayo, Ireland, on the I5thday of August, 1851, and came to this country at the age of six months. A portion of his father's early days was passed in England. Later he owned and carried on .a farm, owned and ran a number of looms for the manufacture of linen ; also he speculated quite extensively in grain and mill stuff. Adverse circumstances, caused by the faUure of crops in 1847, induced him to come to this country, where he prospered, and was in comfortable cir- •oumstances at his death, which came by paralysis on the 22d of July, 1882. His mother was born in Ireland (an only daughter). Her parents died when she was about fourteen years of -age, leaving her a comfortable home. Her people being lovers of education, she was much interested in encouraging her son in that direction. She died of paralysis December 18, 1882. N. J. McCuen, when between the age of ten and twelve years, earned a part of his tuition and attended the private school of B. B. AUen, where he made rapid progress in his studies, receiving favors and corapliments from " Uncle Ben,'' the kind and faithful old schoolmaster. At not quite the age of thirteen he entered one of the stores of Vergennes as a clerk, and retained the position untU January II, 1871, he then being nineteen years of age, when he purchased a stock of goods and entered into business for himself, his capital being what he had lieen able to save out of the mere salary of a clerkship of six years. His strict attention to business, temperance principles, honesty and integrity, keeping his word, and unfailing fairness towards his customers and those of whom he purchased goods gained the confidence of the public in an incredibly short time and demonstrated the value of these admirable qualities. His -sales the first year amounted to about $25,000, and have steadUy increased untU now they have reached the gratifying proportions indicated by the sum of $60,000. His stock consists of goods of every description. His business is so thoroughly systematized and classified that he can perform the duties with half the labor that would be expended by an unmethodical merchant As soon as Mr. McCuen was of the age to study the poUtical questions of the day he identi fied himself with the Republican party, and with characteristic wholeheartedness dedicated his energies to its support While he has not sought office, he has not avoided its responsibilities, and has acted in accordance with his opinion that the duty of contributing in every way to the prompt and economical performance of pubUc trusts devolves upon all citizens. 7^0 History of Addison County. In 1878 he was chosen water commissioner of the city water works, and inaugurated a sys tem which was accepted and is in use at the present time, which gave him much credit In 1880 he was elected common councUman, and attended to the duties of the office, much to the benefit of the city, in collecting the taxes that year in full, besides being a faithful servant for and of the people. The next two or three years he was brought forward by the people for alderman and elected ; but, preferring to give his whole time to his business, he declined to serve, resigned, and was excused. In 1886 he was elected mayor of the city by a gratifying majority, which office he now holds; and by virtue of the same he is chief judge of the City Court. Mr. McCuen is one of the live, generous-hearted, public-spirited men of the place, and has always been a friend to the poor. His parents belonged to the English Church, and he, being made a member when a chUd, has always been an active member of St. Paul's Protestant Epis copal Church of Vergennes, and has been secretary of the vestry for a number of years. He was united in marriage on the 24th of December, 1872, with Kate H., daughter of Solomon and Louisa L. (Herrick) AUen. She was born at the old homestead in Panton, Vt, where three generations of AUens owned and resided (descendants of Ethan AUen). They have two children — Charles Nicholas, born on the 14th day of August, 1875, and Robert WiUiam, born on the 30th day of May, 1880. He and his famUy own and occupy one of the finest residences in the city, on Main street, which is worthy of mention for the reason that the architecture and arrangement of the house was planned wholly by Mr. McCuen. WARD, IRA, fourth child and third son of Jesse Ward, was born in a log house in the northern part of Waltham, Vt., on the 9th day of April, 1796, and has therefore attained the remarkable age of ninety years. His father was born in Connecticut on the 20th of July, 1763, and served three years on the side of the patriots in the Revolutionary War ; married Olive Nye, of Connecticut, in June, 1788, and some time before 1800 settled on the place where Ira Ward was afterward born. He was the father of five children : Chester, born on the 15th of January, 1789; Silas, born on March 11, 1791; Olive, born June, 1793; Ira, next in order, and Orrin, born June 14, 1799. Jesse Ward's first wife died early in the present century and he married again. He died on the 18th of December, 1839, and his wife survived him only until the 23d of the same month. During the boyhood of Ira Ward the towns in the northern part of Vermont were in every way undeveloped, and afforded the youth of the period but small opportunities for an education. Such as he could obtain, however, fell to the lot of Ira Ward. He remained on the farm of his father not only until he was of age but for a number of years later, and until some time after his marriage, about 1820. He removed to a farm in the north part of the town of New Haven, Vt., and after several months removed again to the central part of the town ; and after an expe rience of twelve years on that tract came to the farm which he now occupies, which was then covered with the forest primeval, except a small clearing of about thirty acres. Here he has remained ever since, a period of more than fifty-four years. His farm consists of about two hundred acres of good clay land, which is devoted largely to raising grass. Mr. Ward now keeps between fifteen and twenty cows, besides other stock in proportion. At one time, nearly half a century ago, he kept as many as four hundred head of sheep, though he does not raise any now. Mr. Ward was a member of the old Federal party and is consistently now a member of the Republican party. He has always taken an active part in all the political questions of the day, but has never, for profit or honor, accepted any office of any kind. His religious preference is Congregational. He enlisted when eighteen years of age in the War of 1812. His two sons, George W. and Franklin I., enlisted for three years in the civil war, George W. in the Second Vermont Regi ment, Franklin I. in the Ninth Vermont George W. contracted disease while marching on the Ira Ward. — Aikens Dukett. 761 Peninsula and was tour months in the hospital; after being in the service fifteen months, was discharged for physical disability. He has in his possession a gun captured from a rebel soldier in the first Bull Run battie, his own being shot out of his hands. Franklin L was taken pris oner at Harper's Ferry, was exchanged and sent to Chicago, but remained in the service until the close of the war. Ira Ward was joined in marriage, on the 16th day of November, 1817, with Hannah G., daughter of Andrew Crampton, then of Swanton, Vt She was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., on the llth of October, 1793. She is stiU living with her husband, having been his companion for nearly seventy years, and retaining her faculties wonderfully. She performs her household duties as well as most women are able to do at sixty, does her own baking, and since the birth of her youngest child has never faUed to make her own bed. Mr. Ward is equaUy well pre served ; cares for his farm with his old-time punctuality, and has the appearance of a man twenty years younger than he is. They have had ten children born to them, as follows : Helen, born November 24, 1821, raarried Jabez Rogers, of Ferrisburgh, Vt, November 6, 1839, and resides in Ferrisburgh; Harriet E., born September 3, 1823, married Corydon Chamberlin, of Ferrisburgh, Vt, January 22, 1845, and now resides in Solon, Ohio ; Hannah A., born March 30, 1825, married Norraan A. Bull, of Solon, Ohio, October 12, 1853, where they still reside; Sarah N., born December 19, 1827, married H. C. Blair, of Aurora, Ohio, May 5, 1852, her hus band dying July 27, 1883 ; she still lives in Aurora; Henry W., born January 22, 1830, married Helen M. Thorapson, of Weybridge, Vt, February 22, 1865, and resides in New Haven ; Cleora J., born July 23, 1832, married Luther M. Brooks, of New Haven, September 17, 1851, now living in Chicago, IU. ; Mary B., born May 9, 1835, died on November' 18, 1876 (she was the wife of Byron P. Munson, of Bristol, Vt, whom she married on January 30, 1855; he died December 6, 1877 ; at the time of their decease they lived in Quincy, III.) ; George W., born on Septeraber 29, 1837, married Sarah J. Chase, of Waltham, Vt, October 26, 1859, and now lives on the homestead with his father; Franklin I., born February 21, 1841, married Libbie J. Brooks, of New Haven, Vt, March 31, 1867, and now resides in Bristol, Vt ; and Blenora W., born May 21, 1843, married Chauncey W. Bisbee, of New Haven, October 29, 1862 ; their home is now in Clarinda, Iowa. Thus there has been but one death among the children, that of Mary, in 1876. DUKETT, AIKENS, was born in lower Canada (now the Province of Quebec) on the 22d day of February, 1815. He is the eldest son of Aiken and Louisa (Frischett) Dukett. His early advantages for securing an education were of the most limited character ; but by studious and observing habits in later life he has been enabled to acquire the foundation of an English education. His boyhood and youth were passed in farm life untU his seventeenth year, when he was engaged as a sailor on various Lake Champlain vessels ; this occupation he fol lowed for two years. In 1835 Mr. Dukett carae into the town of Bridport, Addison county, Vt., and worked for two years for various farmers in the town, and afterwards became a resident of Crown Point, N. Y. While residing there he was employed by Juba Howe, then a prominent citizen of that town. While residing there he was married in 1843 to Mary Maynard ; they have had four children, none of whom are now living. In the year 1848 Mr. Dukett returned to Bridport and purchased the Benjamin Peacock farm, containing one hundred and thirty acres. In 1852 Mrs. Dukett died and in March of the fol lowing year he was married to Anna Scott, a native of Scotland, born December 22, 1831. The entire record of Mr. Dukett's life places him among the quiet, persevering and unobtrusive farm ers in this county. Prudent and careful, posse.ssing a thorough knowledge of the better methods of agriculture, industrious and persevering, he has of course been very successful adding largely to his landed possessions by the purchase of adjoining farms, until he now owns about twelve hundred acres of land in Bridport and Crown Point; this comprises one of the largest and best estates in this locality ; the lands are well cultivated and furnished with com modious and comfortable buUdings, all of which have been acquired by Mr. Dukett's own in- 762 History of Addison County. teUigent efforts. He has never sought public office, preferring the quiet and enjoyment of his- own home and business. His life has been eminentiy a practical and successful one; his domestic relations are of the happiest character, and he now has the satisfaction of seeing five promising sons and daughters growing to maturity around him; the eldest of these, WiUiam A. is at present engaged in clerking at Crown Point. John S., Mary A., Barbara B. and Mar garet R. are still residing with their parents. Mr. Dukett is a believer in the elevating influ ence of religious faith and has always given freely of his substance for the support of Christian objects. Mrs. Dukett and her chUdren are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. STOREY, MILES, was born in Salisbury, Vt, on August 23, 1807, and was third in the family - of six children of Rufus and Laura (Miles) Storey. Solomon Storey, his grandfather, was- born in Norwich, Conn. ; was a farmer and a sailor alternately, as interest dictated. He made several voyages to the East Indies and was several times shipwrecked. He married Dorcas Branch, by whom he had a family of children, as follows: Lydia, Olive, Sabrah, Roger, Asa, Sarah, Jonas, Jesse, Rufus, and Martha. He moved from Connecticut and settled in Dalton, Berkshire county, Mass., in 1772, where he remained until 1778; then with his family he went to the then wUderness of Salisbury, Addison county, Vt., and there remained until his death, at the age of ninety years, in May, 1816. His wife died in Salisbury, Vt., in November, 1805. Solomon Storey was one of the original eight who organized the Congregational Church at Salis bury. Joseph Storey, the great jurist, was a relative of his. Amos Storey, brother of Solomon, was the first person who came into Salisbury, Vt, with a view to settling there He built a log hut, which was consumed by fire, and was killed by the fall of a tree, before his family arrived in the town. A son fourteen years of age was with him at the time of the accident, and as soon as he could he cut the log away (it was two feet in diameter) and rolled it off from his father. He then ran three miles through the woods, guided by marked trees, to a little clearing on the road, where Judge Painter and Daniel Chipman were beginning a settlement. They came back with the boy and buried the father. His widow and her large family of chil dren was the first family who moved into the town, and she was consequently entitled to one hundred acres of land, by a vote of the original proprietors. She arrived on the 22d of Febru ary, 1775. She endured almost every hardship, chopping down timber and clearing and culti vating the soil. Several times during the War of the Revolution she was compelled to leave and take refuge in Pittsford, on account of danger apprehended frora the Indians ; but at length she and a Mr. Stevens prepared theraselves a safe retreat. This was effected by digging a hole horizontally into the bank, just above the water of Otter Creek, barely sufficient to adrait one person at a time. This passage led to a spacious lodging room, tbe bottom of which was cov ered with straw, and upon this their beds were laid for the accommodation of the famUies. The entrance was concealed by bushes which hung over it from the bank above. They usually retired to their lodgings in the dusk of the evening and left them before light in the morning ; and this was effected by means of a canoe, so that no path or footsteps were to be seen leading to their subterranean abode. Wilbur F. Storey, who achieved a world-wide fame as editor of the Chicago Kmes, was the son of Jesse Storey (the fourth son of Solomon) and was a native of Salisbury, Vt. Rufus Storey, the youngest son of Solomon Storey, was born in Norwich, Conn., on February 3, 1773. He was sixteen years old when his father moved to Salisbury. He was married on December- 9, 1802, to Laura Miles. Their chUdren were : Lovina (born on October 17, 1803, died on August. 14, 1869, a maiden lady who resided at the home until the time of her death) ; Nelson WiUiam (born on August 9, 1805, and died on December 27, 1808) ; Miles (the subject of our sketch) ; OrviUe Wright (born on October 10, 1810, was an engineer on the Erie Canal for many years; he died m Rochester, N. Y., on January 12, 1867, leaving a widow and two sons) ; Norman Smith (born on August 12, 1813, died in Salisbury, Vt, on November 11, 1871 ; lived on the homestead and was owner of a part of it; his widow survives him) ; CaroUne Abbey (born on September 11, 1816, died in April, 1867); she was the wife of Jonah Swan, of Milton, Vt.. hlT :" • -Li. hTew ..>'¦ k Miles Storey. 76J ¦Phey have two chUdren living, Augusta and George OrviUe. Laura, the wife of Rufus Storey, died on March 31, 1826, and he married for his second wife, on December 6, 1827, Mary MiUer WaUace. The latter was born on May 27, 1784, and lived to the extreme old age of ninety years. Rufus Storey was a thorough-going, successful farmer. He filled a number of the town offices, and was for many years a member of the Salisbury Congregational Church and also a deacon in it. He was captain of the militia and was known as Captain Rufus Storey. MUes Storey lived with his father on the homestead farm in Salisbury, Vt, until he was thirty-four years of age. His education was limited to the common schools of Salisbury, Vt„ From the tame of reaching his ma,jority he took charge of the homestead farm until January 1, 1843, when he moved on to the farm in Leicester, where he has since resided. This farm con sisted of seventy-five acres, which he paid for by moneys allowed him by his father for the thirteen years of service on the home farm, and also a gift from him of $1,500. To the orig inal seventy-five acres Mr. Storey has added by purchase lands adjoining, so that now he has a farm of two hundred and twenty-five acres in nearly a body. Prom a small log barn and a small frame house he has built for hiraself as fine farm buildings as are to be found in this region, and the farm is considered one of the best in the country. He has been a breeder of, and a dealer in, Spanish blooded Merino sheep for the last forty years, aud winters, on the average, two hundred head. His farm will cut two hundred tons of hay. At the age of sev enty-nine years Mr. Storey continues to take full charge of his farm work, is very active, and shrinks from no task. Indeed, the famUy of Storey for generations have been noted for their^ industry, inteUigence, simphcity, longevity, and integrity. In proof of their longevity it may be stated that Jesse Storey, father of Wilbur P., died at the age of eighty-three years, he dying a,t an earlier age than any other of the eight children of Solomon Storey. To aU appearance, at least, MUes Storey is likely to prove no exception to the rule which has held in this respect in the family. Mr. Storey is a member of the Salisbury Congregational Church, and has been a member of its choir for many years. In politics he is a Republican, but he has never been a seeker for office. He was married on January 13, 1842, to Elizabeth, daughter of Dan and SUence (Pettingale) Daniels. Mrs. Storey was born in Salisbury, Vt., on December 25, 1817, Her grandfather, Samuel Daniels, moved in 1774 from Upton, Mass., and settled m Leicester.. Vt, where he took up four hundred acres of land, a portion of which is now owned and occu pied by Mr. Storey. He was born in 1730 and was kiUed in the battle of Shelburne, Vt, on March 12, 1778. His religious sentiments were Presbyterian. His wife was Elizabeth Wis well, who was born on November 29, 1732, and lived to the age of seventy years. Her relig ious sentiments were Baptist. After the death of her husband she was compelled, by threats made by the Indians, to leave Vermont, and with her family of nine children and with the aid of one horse, and accompanied by two or three neighbors, made her way by marked trees over the Green Mountains' to Boston, where during the remaining years of the Revolution she kept a boarding-house for the soldiers. After peace was declared she returned to Vermont. Dan Daniels, father of Mrs. Storey, was born in Upton, Worcester county, Mass., in 1773, and mar ried Silence Pettingale in April, 1799. He was a relative of Dr. FrankUn. Mr. Daniels was born in Worthington, Mass., in 1779. She died on November 5, 1864. He died on August 29, 1861. Mrs. Storey's grandfather on her mother's side was Samuel PetinggiU, who was also a sol dier in the Revolution and was in the battle of Bunker HiU. Mrs. Storey joined the Methodist Church when eighteen years old, but united with the Salisbury Congregational Church at the same time with her husband. Mrs. Storey's brothers and sisters were as follows: Truman, born August 4, 1802, died in Lockport, N. Y., September 24, 1847, aged forty-five years ; Hubbard, born February 28, 1804, died in Brandon, June 2, 1880, aged seventy-seven years ; Horatio, born October 28, 1805, died in Keeseville, N. Y., July 10, 1826; Polly, born July 21, 1807, died in September, 1812; Dan jr., born January 25, 1809, died in Akron, Ind., March VZ, 1885; Mary Minerva, born Septem ber 20, 1810, died in Beaver Dam, 'Wis., September^, 1865; Earl Douglass, born June 20, 1812 u 764 History of Addison County. George, Edwin, bofTi June 17, 1814, died October 6, 1880; Harry Franklin, bora Febuary 13, 1816; Augustus, born January 6, 1820; Hannah, born June 29, 1823, died in Waupon, Wis., July 6, 1879, aged fifty-six years. George Edwin, son of E. D. Daniels, and adopted son of Miles and Elizabeth Storey, died June 5, 1862, aged three years and seven months. TTT/'RIGHT, JUDGE WM. SILAS, was born in Weybridge, Vt, Jan. 6, 1819, and at the age ' ' of sixteen took a preparatory course at the Vergennes Classical Institute ; in 1838 entered coUege at Middlebury, Vt., where he studied nearly two years, after which he returned to his father's homestead in Neiv Haven, Vt., where he remained (except an interval of four years spent in his native town) until the death of his father, in 1866. In 1867 he removed to Walt ham, Vt., where he has since resided. He has taken an active part in public affairs, and has held many of the local offices of the towns of New Haven and Waltham, representing the latter in the General Assembly of Vermont in 1874 and 187.5, serving on the committee of education therein. He has held the offices of superintendent of .«cliools and town clerk since 1872. In the month of November, 1885, he was appointed by his excellency. Governor Pingree, associate judge of Addison County Court in place of Hon. B. A. Doud resigned. In the Republican County Convention, held in June, 1886, he was norainated unanimously for the position he holds by appointment. He united with the Congregational Church at Vergennes in 1836, and his relation thereto has never changed. In 1840 he married Lucy C. Phillips, only daughter of Jacob and Lucy (Weiler) PhiUips, of Pittsford, Vt., by whom he had two children, Emma C, wife of H. S. Jackman, of Waltham, Vt., and John J., who was a successful merchant in Ver gennes for sixteen years, but now in business at Rochester, N. Y. The maternal grandfather of Mrs. Wright (Araos Weiler) was a personal friend of Ethan Allen, of Revolutionary fame, and was by his side when he entered the fortress, surprised and took the garrison at Ticon deroga. on the 10th day of May, 1775. He served during the war and received a pension from the governraent. Subsequently to his military experience he was for many years a deacon in the Baptist Church at Rutland, Vt He died about the year 1836. The parents of William S. were Daniel and Bathsheba (Frost) Wright, of whom mention is made in the history of New Haven. They were born in Massachusetts in the year 1780, and came to reside in Weybridge in childhood. His grandfather, Ebenezer Wright, was born in Massachusetts, settled in Weybridge in 1784, on the farm now owned by E. S. Wright, esq., and died there at the age of eighty years. Judge Wright has been oue of Addison county's successful farmers. Honorable and upright in all his busine.'-s transactions, the steadfast friend of all institutions which have for their object the building up and conserving the highest interests of society, faithful aud trust worthy in the discharge of all public trusts corarailted to him, he has fairly earned the high esteem in which he is held in the coraraunity where he has spent his whole life. WARD, WATSON WALLACE, was born on the Sth of October, 1834, in Waltham, Vt. The first of his ancestors to emigrate to Vermont was his grandfather, Jesse Ward, who was born in Connecticut on the 20th day of July, 1763, and served three years in the Revolu tionary War. He married OUve Nye, of Connecticut, in June, 1788, and some time before 1800 settied in the northern part of the town of Waltham, Vt He was the father of five chil dren—Chester, born on the 15th of January, 1789; Silas, born on March 11, 1791; Olive, born June 1 1, 1793 ; Ira, born AprU 9, 1796, stiU living in New Haven, Vt. ; aud Orin, born June 14, 1799. Jesse Ward's first wife died early in the present century and he married again. He died on the 18th of December, 1839, and his second wife, Ruth, survived only untU the 23d of the sarine month. His elder ohUd, Chester, was the father of W. W. Ward, of whom we are writing. He came from Connecticut with his parents when an infant, and passed his life as a farmer in Waltham, Vt He married, about 1812, Abigail, daughter of Roger Hawkins, who was also an emigrant from Connecticut. Chester and AbigaU Ward had a family of seven chil- Watson Wallace Ward. — Sheldon Smii^h. 765 dren — Jesse, now living in New Haven, Vt ; OUve, widow of Hiram Spaulding, of Panton, Vt ; AmeUa, wife of Ephraim AUen, of Ferrisburgh, Vt. ; Laurette, who died in September, 1861 ; Amanson, who died on August 11, 1848; Watson W. ; and the youngest, Ann D., wife of A. J. Mason, of New Haven, Vt. Watson W. Ward was educated in the common schools of his native town. From the time he left school and began to work for himself he remained upon his father's farm, and has never left it. His father lived with him until his death, which occurred on February 28, 1882, at the remarkable age of ninety-three years. The homestead coraprises 152 acres of excellent land. Mr. Ward devotes his time principally to dairying, keeping on an average about twenty cows. In politics Mr. Ward is independent, with Democratic propensities, the rule of his political conduct being that the best man should receive the suffrages of the people. He has never been ambitious to hold town offices, but has been placed in a number, and has always acquitted him self to the satisfaction of his constituents. His father was also independent in political faith, and held a number of the most important offices within the town's gift. W. W. Ward is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Vergennes, contributing regularly to its support. He has for about seven years last past been one of its stewards. He is now Uving with his second wife. He was first united in marriage on the 4th of Jan uary, 1857, with Mary J., daughter of Elijah Barnes, of Chelsea, Vt, who died in May, 1861, leaving one child, Fred C, born November 10, 1859, and now residing in New Haven, Vt. On the 26th of September, 1864, Mr. Ward again married, his second wife being Martha L., daugh ter of Julius Thompson, of Weybridge, Vt. She is the mother of two of his children — Stella M., born on November 6, 1865, and Hattie A., born on October 20, 1871, both of whom are now living with their parents. SMITH, SHELDON. The second famUy of permanent settlers in the town of Bridport, Addison county, Vt., was that of Samuel Smith, of New Jersey, who made the long jour ney from that State in what was termed a " Jersey wagon," drawn by a yoke of oxen. They came to what is now Whitehall, N. Y., at the head of Lake Champlain, where they disposed of the team, no roads being then opened, and loaded their goods on a bateau and sailed down the lake, probably to some point within the present town of Panton. They subsequently came to Bridport, and Mr. Smith was one of the few who remained on his land and defied the intrusions of the New York claimants. When Carlton made his destructive raid in this State, the family of Mr. Smith, with the exception of his sons Nathan and Marshall, took what goods they could transport and started through the forest for the Pittsford forts. Their house was burned and the farm left in desolation for six years, at the end of which period Mr. Smith returned to re side with his son Nathan. Here he passed the remainder of his life. Nathan married in 1784 and settled where his grandson, Marshall Smith, now lives. ly Asher Smith, eldest son of Samuel Smith, was born on the 4th of December 1744 and learned the trade of carpenter. AprU 16, 1769, he married Eunice Lumm, and they had ten chUdren. In the spring of 1787 he sold his farm of twenty acres and started with his family for Vermont Arriving at WhitehaU and learning that he could not get through with aU his goods, he left a part, which were taken to Bridport the next winter on the ice. Here he found the Continental money, for which he had sold his property, was worthless, and he was forced to contend with poverty and want in this wilderness world, and provide for a growing family as best he might. Caleb Smith, the second son of Asher Smith, and grandson of Sarauel Smith, was born in New Jersey November 6, 1773, and carae to Vermont with his father's family and remained with them, assisting his father in clearing and cultivating the farm, until his marriage with Catharine Baldwin, March 1, 1795. He built a log house, where he Uved until 1810. when he erected a frame one, which stood a short distance from the present residence of his son Shel don, and where he resided at the time of his death. His children were Lusetta, Jacob A. Perrin S. Sidney,' S. Mervin, Sheldon,' Phoebe M.,' Rachel R.,' and Caleb T.' ' , 48 1 Now living. 766 History of Addison County. Of Caleb Smith it is said that he possessed strong mental powers and a weU-balanced, dis criminating mind. In 1800 he experienced religion and joined the Baptist Church in Panton, but in 1804 united by letter with the Baptist Church in Bridport, with others of the family, and was elected church clerk at the same time ; in 1807 he was elected deacon, and filled the office faithfully to his death. Deacon Smith was remarkably gifted in exhortation and prayer, and from the time of his experiencing religion to his death, the Bible was his constant com panion and study. In the War of 1812 he, with others of his townsmen, in the fall of 1814 started for BurUngton, and on September 11 went on board a sloop and started for Peru Bay; but they were becalmed and did not reach Plattsburgh tUl after the battle. He was deeply in terested in aU measures for the good of the town, filled most of its offices, and for a number of years was acting justice of the peace. He was killed by faUing timbers while assisting to raise the frame of a barn, June 28, 1849. Sheldon Smith, the subject of this notice, is the fifth son of Caleb Smith, and was born in Bridport on the 26th of January, 1810. His educational advantages were not very compre hensive, but he made the most of his attendance at the district schools of the town, supple mented by a period at the academy in Shoreham ; these opportunities enabled him, by close study and a naturally vigorous mind, to acquire a fair education, which has since been greatly extended by continued and careful reading. Mr. Smith has never left his paternal homestead, having lived with his father and cared for hira in his latter years and until his death. Neither has he ever married, his sister living with him and superintending his domestic affairs. In his younger years it was his habit to teach district school winters and work on the farm the re maining part of the year. As a farmer in the community, none hsis reached a greater degree of success. Industrious, persevering, and sagacious in the acquirement of lands, he has become one of the wealthy and foremost farmers in the county. He was at one time the owner of about nine hundred acres of land; this amount has been reduced by numerous sales, most of which were effected in 1872. He still owns about two hundred and thirty acres, constituting one of the best farms in Bridport. Mr. Smith is naturally of a retiring disposition, and has never pushed himself forward be fore the public in any sense ; but his excellent judgment and thorough knowledge of what is best for the town at large has led to his being repeatedly chosen to most of the offices in the gift of his townsmen. All the minor offices were given him many years ago; he was chosen lister or selectman many years and until he positively declined to serve; was justice of the peace since about 1850, and still holds the office ; represented the town in the Legislature in 1865-66 ; and many other positions of trust. It is not the least evidence of the favor in which he is held that he has often been chosen to settle the estates of deceased friends and relatives. In aU of these directions he has done his duty carefully, honestly, and efficiently. Though now seventy-six years old, Mr. Smith is stiU hale and hearty, with a promise of many years of usefulness. STICKNEY, TYLER, was born in Shorehara, Addison county, Vt, December 10, 1799. He was descended from WiUiam Stickney, who came to this country from England about 1640, frora whom has descended a large family of men noted for sterUng worth, energetic and perse vering character and honorable integrity. His father was Tyler Stickney, who was a prac ticing physician in the town of Shoreham from 1798 for two or three years. He was one of the sixth generation from WiUiam, above named. Tyler Stickney married, March 13, 1828, Lora, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Wright) Treadway. She was born in Shoreham March 24, 1806. This union has been blessed much beyond the average — eleven children — seven sons and four daughters having been born to them, as follows, in the order of their birth : JuUus T., Lora Bluthera, WiUiam Wirt, Emma A., Joseph T., Charles CarroU, John Quincy, Mary Elizabeth, Saraph A., Edgar B. and Mallory N., all living except Saraph A. and Mallory N. All were married and raised families with the exception of Bmma A., Joseph T. and Saraph A. All are honored and respected citizens in the communities in which they reside. In 1878 Mr. and Mrs. Stickney celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage at the homestead at '^f- '""n^ Sardis Dodge. Tyler Stickney. — Col. Sardis Dodge. ^6^ East Shoreham, now owned and occupied by Edgar B. Stickney. On the occasion of their golden wedding aU the children then Uving and many of their thirty-four grandchildren were present. No less than six of Mr. Stickney's sons are breeders of Merino sheep, and are members of the Vermont Merino Sheep Breeders' Association. Naturally retiring, very industrious, and devoted to his caUing ; never sought office or pubUc notoriety ; but endowed with great com mon sense and good judgment, he gave the best of his time, thought and attention to his own business, in which he was very successful. He was a good farmer, but as a breeder of sheep he was most successful ; by the great iraproveraents he accomplished in his flocks he not only made it famous, but made his own name to be as widely known as the race of improved Me rino sheep are scattered : one of the leading and generally recognized best lines of Merino blood is universally known by the name of Stickney blood. To the improvements made by him and continued by his sons Vermont is indebted for many of the honors she has won at numerous exhibitions of sheep and wool, including the prize for the best flock of Merino sheep exhibited at the Centennial, at Philadelphia, with a large nuraber of excellent and celebrated competitors. He commenced his flock of sheep in 1834, and from the ewes then purchased, aided by his exceUent judgraent in the selection of rams, in thirty -four years he was able to produce a ram that cut thirty-four pounds and fourteen ounces of unwashed fleece, much the largest fleece to that time grown on one ram in one year. He retained his interest in his sheep to the day of his death. His memory was good, and all had confidence in his words and state ments. Tyler Stickney was apparently as weU as usual on the morning of January 31, 1882, he having taken breakfast with his family as usual, after which he was out of doors and to the barns ; but about 9 o'clock he was stricken with apoplexy and died in the afternoon. His aged partner survives him. Mr. Stickney commanded, during his life, the entire respect and confl dence of the community in which he spent his life, and in death was sincerely mourned, not only by the large family which he left, but by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. All the sons that are living have kept up their interest in the raising and breeding of Span ish Merino sheep, and wherever located have fuUy sustained the reputation enjoyed by their father in this leading industry of Addison county. All have bred from the original " Tyler Stickney " flock. Julius T. and Charles Carroll are successful farmers living in the town of Wheeler, Steuben county, N. Y. ; William Wirt, in Lapeer, Mich., is a lawyer by profession and is Circuit Judge of the Sixth Judicial Circuit of Michigan; Joseph T. is a large farmer and a very successful sheep breeder in Shoreham, Vt. ; and John Quincy, in the town of Whit ing, Vt, is also a successful farmer and sheep breeder. Edgar B., who owns and occupies the homestead, and who for ten years prior to the death of his father had the immediate charge of it, became, perhaps more than any of the sons, the natural successor of his father in keeping up the reputation of the " Stickney " name as a successful breeder of Spanish Merino sheep. Lora Bluthera is the wife of John Preston, a farmer living in Leicester, Vt. Emma A., who for thirty years has been blind, resides with her mother at the homestead. Mary EUzabeth is the wife of Charles Cox, living in Lapeer, Mich. DODGE, COL. SARDIS. Among the early settiers of the town of Weybridge were the ancestors of Sardis Dodge, his grandfather, Asa Dodge, sr., being one of the pioneers of that town. Sardis Dodge was born in Weybridge, Addison county, Vt., August 25, 1806, the oldest son of Asa and Mary (GiUett) Dodge. Sardis Dodge was reared after the manner of bringing up New England boys. He attended a district school in the winter season, and wrought upon the farm in the summer. In this way his time was aU utiUzed to good advantage. Mr. Dodge has always been engaged in farming, purchasing the place which he stiU owns and where he so long resided, early in Ufe. He always had a decided taste for miUtary life, and at an early day identifled himself with a miUtia company ; subsequently appointed colonel of a 768 History of Addison County. regiment, a position which he fiUed for many years. Col. Dodge was constable and coUector in Weybridge for seven years ; he also ably represented his town in the State Legislature in 1847 and '48. During the civil war he was one of the selectmen of Weybridge for several years, and took an active interest in raising the quota of men from that town to aid in suppressing the rebeUion. February 20, 1831, Mr. Dodge married Miss Sarah Wales, of Weybridge, Vt. Seven children were born to this union, but two of whom survive, as follows: Cyrus A., a resident of Syracuse. N. Y., and Henry B., of Chicago, III. Mr. and Mrs. Dodge are the grandparents of seven children. They are consistent members of, and regular attendants at, the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Weybridge, although residents of the village of Middlebury since retiring from the farm some ten years since. Colonel Dodge has ever sympathized with the oppressed against the oppressor ; and he rejoices that the institution of slavery is abolished and the Union is not only preserved, but strengthened) and that he contributed, by his influence and vote, even a little to produce this result He is plain and frank in his manners, genial and social in his disposition, and enjoys the confidence and respect of all who know him, and is a hale and hearty gentleraan, enjoying the fruits of an active and weU-spent life. JONES, HON. ROLLIN J. Zebulon Jones, the ancestor of the famUy in this country, was born on June 9, 1723, and was a son of Benjamin Jones, who died on February 5, 1754. Zebulon Jones went to sea when a boy and rose tothe command of a merchantman engaged in the East India trade. He was married on October 13, 1744, to Annie Kibbe, a daughter of Jacob and Grace Kibbe. Zebulon died on September 27, 1776. His son, Zebulon Jones, jr., -was born in Somers, Conn., on March 19, 1747, and was married on October 7, 1767, to Mary Cooley, who was born on March 10, 1750. Their children were : Rufus, born October 4, 1768 Mary, born September 20, 1771; Zebulon, bom July 6, 1774; Amzi, born March 5, 1777 Azuba, born October 13, 1779; Huldah, born May 1, 1782; Judah, born February 23, 1785 Reuben, born June 17, 1788, and died in infancy ; Reuben (second) bom on August 13, 1799 Jacob, born December 26, 1792; and Anner, born February 3, 1796. Judah Jones, who was a brother of Zebulon Jones, jr., was killed on October 19, 1780, at a battle up the Mohawk River. Zebulon Jones, jr., died in CornwaU, Vt., on November 25, 1836, aged ninety years, and his wife, Mary, died on February 1, 1840, aged ninety-one years. Zebulon, jr., was a soldier in the Revolutionary War and drew a pension, being wounded in that war. Soon after the close of the war he reraoved with his family from Hoosick, N. Y., to Cornwall, and settled there, just north of Lemon Fair Bridge. His son Amzi was married on March 14, 1799, to Hepzibah Harvey, a daughter of Nathaniel Harvey. She was born in East Greenwich, R. I., on September 13, 1779. They had a family of ten chUdren. Of these, Hep zibah was born December 18, 1799, and died on August 7, 1803. Mary was born December 17, 1801, and died on August 15, 1803. Amzi, jr., born October 22, 1803, was twice married. His first wife was Maria Marsh, who died in Cornwall on February 1, 1835. His second wife was Mrs. Mary (Butler) Ramsey, by whom he had two children, Ahira and Butier. Amzi, jr., was graduated from the coUege at Middlebury, Vt., in 1828, and was a minister of the Baptist faith for forty years. He died on April 14, 1880, at the residence of his son Ahira, in Red WUlow county, Neb. Butier resides near Cheyenne City, W. T. Their mother is now living at Tis- kilwa, IU. Jason, born January 23, 1806, married Lydia Hurlburt Their children are : Alverton, Ashley, Harriet, Edwin, Victor, Marion, and Henry. Of these children, Edwin, Marion, and Henry now reside in Cornwall. Edwin married Harriet Buckman, of Crown Point They have had one chUd born to them, SUas. Marion is the widow of Darwin Robinson, and Henry now resides with his parents. Anner, born March 24, 1808, married Ransom MUes, and died on No vember 5, 1854, in Michigan City, Ind. Ahira, born June 25, 1810, was twice married. His first wife was Sophia Gale, a daughter of General Somers Gale, of Cornwall. Their only son. Ahira, Uves in Bethlehem, Pa. His second wife was Lucy McGregor. To this union were born Hon. Rollin J. Jones. 769 two daughters, Annie and Agnes, who are now married and live in Arlington, Mass. Ahira was graduated from the WaterviUe College in Maine in 1836, and was a minister in the Baptist ¦Society at the time of his death. He died in CornwaU on December 11, 1884. His widow now resides with her daughter Anna, now Mrs. Mcintosh. Zebulon, born September 8, 1812, was a graduate of the Middlebury CoUege in the class of 1836, and was also a minister of the Baptist ¦Church. He was married three times. His first wife was a Miss Sherman, of Salem, N. Y. Their only child, Mary, married a Mr. Abernathy, and is now living in Minneapolis, Minn. His second wife was Mary AlUson, of Peterboro, N. H., by whom he had a famUy of four chUdren : WiUiam A., Maria, NeUie, and Prank. The sons are now dead. His third wife was Phebe John son, of Rutland, Vt., and is now living. Zebulon died on March 2, 1883. Lorenzo, born January 9, 1815, married Thankful Sherman, of Salem, N. Y., and to them were born two chUdren, Beriah and Elizabeth; he died on December 19, 1851. Mary Beulah Harriett, born November 22, 1817, married S. S. Rockwell, of Cornwall. To them were born two daughters, Mary and Cornelia. The former is now the wife of Dr. E. 0. Porter, and the latter is the wife of Harrison Sanford. Both are residents of Cornwall, Vt Mrs. RockweU died on March 10, 1869. Her father, Amzi Jones, died on October 8, 1856, and her mother, Hepzibah, died on May 17, 1860. RoUin J. Jones, the youngest of the family and the subject of this sketch, was born November 12, 1819, in CornwaU, Vt., on the farm now owned by him, and which has been in the family since the first settlement in the town. He received his education in the district school of the neighbor- ihood, in the Hinesburg Academy, and at the high school at Saco, Me. He was married on September 15, 1842, to Flora Beecher, a daughter of Austin and Sarah (Stone) Beecher. She was bom in Hinesburg, Vt., on June 9, 1822. They have no children living. Their daughter, Martha Grace, was born June 19, 1848, and died June 17, 1865. Alice May was born AprU 23, 1852, and died May 1, 1855. To the original home farm of 250 acres Mr. Jones has added 300 acres, making a farra of 550 acres, lying mainly in the rich Lemon Fair valley, and is considered one of the most pro- •ductive farra properties in the State of Vermont. In the year 1844 Mr. Jones flrst engaged in the breeding of pure-bred Merino sheep. He began by the purchase of ewes from Isaac Allen and Abraham Melvin, of New Hampshire. To cross with them he bought the first high- priced ram ever sold by Mr. Edwin Hammond. He bred this flock for about eight years and then sold it, and bought two hundred imported French Merinos. In 1856 he laid the foundation of his present flock by purchasing forty Atwood ewes from R. P. HaU, who bought in connection with Mr. Hammond. He kept his best sheep during the time of low prices succeeding the war, and always discouraged the introduction of Paular blood into the Atwood flocks. Frora 1843 to 1863 Mr. Jones was the most extensive Merino sheep dealers in the United States. Since 1863 he has been engaged in improving his sheep, and now has one of the best Atwood flocks in the State. The rams " All Right," " Reserve," " ReUance," and " Umpire " were bred in the flock. About the year 1843 the great business of exporting sheep into other localities was •commenced by Mr. Jones and S. S. Rockwell, who began the trade in a small way by driving a few sheep into adjoining counties and disposing of them on the way. It was thence extended into the Western States, and in 1860 they, with S. B. RockweU, crossed the Isthmus to California, where an iramense trade soon sprang up. Mr. Jones remained in California for four years and six months. He again visited that state in 1869, and has been a leader in the sheep trade in the United States for twenty years, and has never slackened in interest in keeping up to the high est standard in sheep breeding. He received a medal and a certificate of award at the World's Fair in Philadelphia for his exhibit in sheep, and a gold medal for the best flock of Merino .sheep at the Vermont State Fair in 1876, and also in 1880. From early Ufe Mr. Jones has taken an active part and interest in political affairs, and has been a leader in the Whig and Re publican parties, with which he has been identified. He was elected a member of the House of Representatives for the State for the years 1849, 1850, 1867, and 1868, and was a meraber of the Senate in 185.3, 1854, and 1869. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1857, and from 1870 to 1874 was the CoUector of Internal Revenue for the First District of Ver- 770 History of Addison County. mont. It is simple justice to state that in all these several important public offices Mr. Jones has discharged the duties which have been put upon him, in an able manner and to the entire acceptance of his constituents. In all domain of thought or action, like all men who think and act for themselves and who^ form their own conclusions, he is not easily moved from opinions once formed or positions once taken. A man of positive convictions, he is a powerful aUy to any friend whose cause he espouses and a strong support to any measure he advocates, while men and measures that he does not favor find in him an equaUy strong opponent. Having no children of his own to support and educate, he, in a quiet way, often assists- young men who are worthy, but lack the means, to acquire an education. Mr. Jones has been a member of the Baptist Church since 1840, first of the Hinesburg, then of the Saco ; and since 1868 he has been a member of the church at Cornwall, and has been a liberal contributor- to the building and support of neighboring churches of other denominations. LINSLEY, CHARLES, was born in Cornwall, in Addison county, on the 29th of August, 1795. His father, Hon. Joel Linsley, born in Woodbury, Ct., February 7, 1756, moved from there and settled in the town of Cornwall in 1775. The Rev. Lyman Matthews, in his- history of Cornwall, says of him : " Judge Linsley belonged to a class of men whose energy, enterprise and intelligence go far in forming the character of a town. He was, indeed, formed by nature to exert a controlling influence in any community in which he might reside. He was appointed town clerk at the organization of the town and held that office, with the excep tion of two years, until his decease. He represented the town in the State Legislature, was as sistant judge and afterward chief judge of the County Court In every office his duties were discharged with marked abiUty and to universal acceptance. Few men enjoyed with keener relish the pleasures of social intercourse. Possessing an inexhaustible fund of an ecdote and humor and unusual conversational powers, he was the Ufe of every circle with which he associated. The aged and the young alike found in him an agreeable companion. Te the unfortunate he was a sympathizing friend ; to virtuous indigence a cheerful benefactor ; and of every scheme of benevolent effort a munificent patron." He married, October 18, 1781, Levina GUbert, bom December 28, 1758. Then- chUdren were — Sarah, born May 10, 1783 ; Betsey, born September 10, 1785 ; Horace, born December 13, 1787 ; Joel Harvey, born July 16, 1790 ; GUbert, born May 9, 1793 ; Charles, born August 29, 1795; Lucius, born May 11, 1798; and Julius, born February 17, 1801. Joel Linsley died at Cornwall, Vt., February 13, 1818 ; his wife, Levina, April 30, 1843. All of their children are deceased. Abiel Linsley, grandfather of Charles, was engaged previous to the Revolution in trade with the Indians, on the borders of Lake Brie. He settled in Cornwall, Vt., soon after the close of the Revolutionary War, and died there the 17th of May, 1800, aged seventy years. Sarah, the sister, who survived childhood and youth, married Rev. Truman Baldwin. Three- daughters were born and survived them. They removed to Western New York and died there at advanced ages. Horace, the eldest brother, a farmer, was a man of great integrity, natural piety, and ear nestness of purpose; would have excelled as a teacher or pastor had he possessed the advantages of an early education. But he married early, and kept up the farm of his father during his life, when afterward he removed his family to Western New York. A man of influence, father of a large family ; a deacon of the Congregational Church ; he died at an advanced age, having- been a good and faithful servant in his Master's kingdom. The Rev. Joel Harvey Linsley, D.D., a brother of Charles, studied first for the bar, was ad mitted and practiced for some years, afterward studied for the ministry, commenced preaching- at Hartford, Ct., and afterwards was settled over the Park Street Church, Boston, for three years ; was president of the Marietta College, Ohio, the next ten years ; two years thereafter he devoted to the agency of the Society for the Aid of Western CoUeges, making his home ia Charles Linsley. TJi New York city ; in 1847 was caUed to the pastorate of the Second Congregational Church in 'Greenwich, Ct, and in this relation continued untU his death, which took place March 22, 1868. He was a man of position, abUity, industry and success from the first, enjoyed in the largest measure the confldence of the wise and good, fiUed positions which could not be filled by a man -of inferior qualifications ; in his Christian character, calm, cheerful, sympathetic, accessible to all, meek and long suffering, full of charity and good works. Charles Linsley grew up to manhood in the county where he Was born. He did not enjoy the advantage of liberal studies in early years, but acquired a good, plain education and a useful appreciation of the necessity of something more. In early manhood he engaged in mercantile pursuits, but he soon abandoned the counting-room and coramenced the study of law. During his mercantile life, though with few advantages, to acquire some classical knowledge as a found- -ation, he was often found, when disengaged from business, poring over Virgil. About the year 1819 he comraenced studying the law in the office of Peter Starr, esq., in Middlebury, and after remaining there a year or two went to St Albans and completed his course in the office ¦of Mr., afterwards Chief Justice, Royce, working very hard there in law and classics. In 1823 he was admitted to the bar in Franklin county, returned to Middlebury and began there ¦the practice of his profession. He entered a professional arena such as has been rarely wit nessed, when Daniel Chipman, Judge S. S. Phelps, Horatio Seymour, Robert P. Bates and Peter -Starr were the leading contestants. Tradition yet speaks of the splendid tournaments of those ¦days, in the Addison County Courts; but only tradition. All the actors have passed away. Mr. Linsley, the youngest of aU, survived them all, and survived, also, most of his later associates 'To say that Mr. Linsley, then a young man, took at once a respectable standing among such •competition ; that he gradually but steadily advanced in reputation and pubUc regard till he •came to be reckoned among their equals, and that as his eminent seniors, one after another, left the business of the bar, he became one of its acknowledged leaders, and ably maintained that position for raany years, is to say much ; enough, perhaps, but no more than the truth. The •early death of Mr, Edmunds, the retirement of Mr. Chipman, the election of Mr. Seymour to the United States, and of Mr. Phelps to the bench, and the removal of Mr. Bates to New York, as they successively occurred, left him in the foremost ranks of the profession. No counsel was then more sought than his ; few causes of any consequence tried there without his assistance, no influence in that part of the State regarded as more effective with juries, or more useful with the bench. His addresses, both to courts and juries, were always pervaded by an .elevated sentiment, never descending below a just dignity or appeahng to an unworthy prejudice. He exceUed in the difficult art of cross-examination. While he never unjustly attacked an honest witness, few dishonest ones were able to escape his acute penetration and cool imper turbable self-possession. His shrewdness and remarkable reticence in business affairs made him a safe and reliable counselor. In the ardor and solicitude of the advocate he never forgot what belonged to the gentleman, and strove always to elevate the character and dignity of the pro fession. Mr. Linsley possessed rare powers which the ordinary duties of his profession did not caU into exercise. A few fragments of poetry written by him have been preserved, which indicate A fine poetic faculty. His acquaintance with general literature was varied and extensive and he could have have excelled in almost any of its departments. He was public spirited sustain ing earnestly every movement towards public improvements. He was an early and strong friend of the raUroad enterprises of the State ; and was connected with Judge FoUett Mr. Co nant, Judge SmaUey, George T. Hodges, Nathaniel FuUerton and others in the projection and final completion, through many trials and difficulties, of , the Rutland and Burlington RaUroad. In politics Mr. Linsley early connected himself with the old Democratic party and adhered to it consistently through all fortunes down to the general obliteration of party Unes in 1861. A strong friend and admirer of Mr. Van Ness, he went with that gentleman in 1827 when he led off General Jackson. He was also associated politically in those days and afterwards with many leading raen in the State. Among thera were Colonel Hyde, Heman Lowry and Mr. Has- 772 History of Addison County. well, of Burlington ; Judge Kellogg, of Brattleboro ; Governor Robinson, of Bennington, and Judge Williams, of Rutiand. A strong bond of political friendship seemed to have been formed among this class of men, by their political connection. During this period of his life Mr. Linsley never held office, except the appointment of United States district attorney, under the admin istration of President Polk. In 1856, after a brief absence in the West, engaged hi some raU road affairs with his sons, he was induced to move to Rutland, where he formed a partnership with John Prout, esq., and entered at once into a very large business, more lucrative, probably, than any he had ever enjoyed. The next six years, the last of his active life, were its busiest. Besides his heavy practice, he held, during the years 1856 and 1857, by appointment of the Suprerae Court, the office of railroad coraraissioner, being the first incumbent of that place after its creation. In 1858 he represented the town of Rutland in the Legislature, and took a leading and useful part in the debates and the business of the session. He was also collector of the district of Vermont, under President Buchanan, in 1860. At the opening of the War of the Rebellion he took the side of the government and gave it his earnest and unswerving sup port to the day of his death. Those who were admitted to his domestic and social life wiU never forget his unvarying kindness and courtesy, his cordial hospitality, his genial, playful wit, and his affectionate attachment to those he loved. Honest, kindly, generous, true to his friends, in prosperity modest, in adversity brave, he was a Christian gentleman, every inch. In 1862 his health had becorae so much impaired as to render further attention to business out of the question. He returned to Middlebury, to the horae where he had spent so rauch of his life. It was, however, too late for rest to restore him. Though able to be out rauch of the tirae, and to engage more or less in the literary eraployraent before aUuded to, he gradually de clined. He died on the 3d of Noveraber, 1863. He was buried from St. Stephen's Church, of which he was one of the founders, and had long been a member and staunch friend, and from whose doors eleven of his chUdren, out of seventeen who had been born to him, had preceded him to the grave. Mr. Linsley was twice married. He married, June 27, 1826, Sarah White, daughter of Daniel and Eleutheria (Hedge) Chipman. Their children, in the order of their births, were : Daniel Chipman, Sarah Eleutheria, Charles Julius, George Lucius, Susan Dunham, Edward Hedge, Eliza Maury and Eraraa Levina; all deceased except Daniel Chipman and George Lucius. Sarah White Linsley died at Middlebury February 12, 1841. Mr. Linsley married) December 5, 1841, Emeline, daughter of David and Hannah (Bartholoraew) Wells. Her father was a native of Brattleboro, Vt., her mother of Harwington, Ct Children by this union were : David Wells, Mary Ehzabeth, Emeline Wells, Joel W., John Gilbert, WiUiam, Helena Electa, Julius GUbert and Richard WeUs. Mary Elizabeth, Joel W., WiUiam and Julius Gilbert are living. BATTELL, PHILIP, Esq., was born at Norfolk, Ot., Noveraber 28, 1807. His father was the elder Joseph Battell, a prosperous and public-spirited merchant of that town; his mother Sarah Battell, daughter of the Rev. Amrai R. Robbins, for fifty-two years the beloved pastor of the Norfolk Church. When hardly twelve years old, young Philip was sent to Lennox Acaderay, Mass., to prepare for coUege under " Father Gleason," who in those days was held in high repute as an educator of youth. After studying two years at the academy he finished his preparation for college by spending one year more with Dr. Cooley, at Granville, Mass., and was admitted to the freshman class of Yale College when less than fifteen years of age. Three years before, however, his older brother Joseph (afterward the wealthy merchant of New York city who buUt the elegant "Battell Chapel" for Yale) had entered Middlebury CoUege. Broth erly affection naturaUy led Philip to go to Middlebury instead of to New Haven, and in 1826 he graduated with such illustrious classmates as Hon. Soloraon Foot, Prof. Edwin Hall, of Auburn Theological Seminary, Dr. Martin M. Post, and Dr. J. W. Chickering. After leaving college Mr. Battell took up the study of law, spending one year in the office of Mr. Williams, of Hartford, Ct., and one year in the New Haven Law School, and was ad- Philip Battell, Esq. 773 mitted to the bar in 1829. Then commenced the customary struggles of the young lawyer to estabUsh hiraself in his profession. After four years of more or less successful practice in Con necticut, he was induced to accept of a promising opening in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, then in the Far West The five years spent here were years of delightful activity, when many valued friendships were formed to be broken only by death, and when the enthusiasm and enterprise of tbe newly-formed and growing community raade their indelible raark upon the character. In 1836 Mr. BatteU had married the accompUshed daughter of Hon. Horatio Seymour, a prominent lawyer of Middlebury and for many years a United States Senator. In 1838 her failing health impelled Mr. BatteU to reraove his residence frora Cleveland to Middlebury. But the tenderest ministries of her husband and of her own family were unavailing ; and, after a long illness, Mrs. BatteU died on the 3d of November, 1841, leaving two young children, now Mrs. John W. Stewart and Mr. Joseph BatteU, of Middlebury. Since this time Mr. BatteU has continued to reside in Middlebury. Here his best work has been done ; here his influence has been most felt for all that is good in education, in social cult ure, and in letters. It is too soon to give in detail the record of a useful life which, we trust, is to continue for years to come. Mr. Battell has enjoyed the enviable privUege of a life of learned leisure and of unceasing activity. He was at one tirae the editor and raanager of a Uterary weekly called The Topaz, a journal which, in those days that antedate the railroad and the telegraph, would corapare favorably with any paper published in the country. He has been the prime mover in many of those public improvements which have made the viUage of Middle bury so dear to its residents and so attractive to strangers. The beautiful park east of the Episcopal Church was a dreary waste until Mr. BatteU organized the movement to grade and enclose it, and to plant trees and construct walks. Many persons in passing by the Congrega tional Church have had their attention attracted to three handsome, thrifty trees, forming a tri angle at the meeting of Pleasant street and Main street. Citizens in the future will take pleas ure in knowing that these trees commemorate the public spirit of three of their honored pred ecessors — the oak having been planted by Mr. Joseph Warren, the elm by Mr. S. B. RockweU, and the hickory by Mr. Philip BatteU. But it is in the line of historical research that Mr. Battell has done his chief work. He was one of the founders of the Middlebury Historical Society in 1843, and, excepting an inter val of four years, has been its perennial secretary down to the present day. Under the direc tion of this society four volumes of town histories in a complete form and of high merit have been pubUshed. Mr. Battell has been unwearied in his efforts to collect all useful information frora the oldest citizens in all parts of the county. Even enterprises of a scientific character and pertaining to raatters in other parts of New England have found in hira a generous and an indispensable friend. It is chiefly due to his energy and enthusiasra that for forty-three years without interruption Forefathers' Day has been celebrated in Middlebury, and in such a manner as to make the celebration one of the great events of the year. This anniversary has been kept in like manner in no other town of New England except in Plyraouth itself The portrait that accorapanies this sketch was copied from an ambrotype taken in July, 1858, and sent to his daughter, then absent in Europe. It was regarded as life-like at the time, and as engraved from a photograph copy, may be regarded as representing him at the age of fifty. It would be unbecoming in us to attempt to describe the character, or to sum up the career,. of one who is stUl living and engaged in the active duties of Ufe. But we trust we shall be pardoned for quoting a few -^fords of warm affection frora his life-long friend, Dr. Truman M. Post, of St Louis : " My acquaintance with Mr. Battell began when he was in coUege, three years in advance of me. He was then a general favorite. His bright and genial temperament, his frank and gen erous bearing, his refinement of taste and feeling, and his classic and belles-lettres culture — com bined with quick and kindly tact and a thorough honor — made hira one of the most deUghtful of corapanions, adraired and beloved of his classmates, and respected by aU. At .this time although I was a freshman and he was a senior, I was drawn, more than is usual between 774 History of Addison County. a classes, into personal acquaintance with him, as the intimate and highly appreciated friend and classmate of my eldest brother, M. M. Post; and he grew with me very much to the position of an ideal, in raany things, of culture and character in youthful raanhood — an admiring affection of my early youth, which has been strengthened and confirmed by the personal friendship of maturer years. " Liberal and generous in his caste of thought, yet conservative of the best elements and noblest type of New England character and civiUzation, and ever of loyal interest in the im provement, material, social, intellectual, and moral, of the region in which he lived — he is en titled to recognition amid the beneficent forces in its history. These qualities, together with his courteous offices and genial hospitality, have contributed much toward making Middlebury and its vicinage, as well as his own home, of pleasant and attractive memories to strangers visiting frora abroad, and wiU permanently associate his name with the village and county of his residence ; where his age, wearing still much of the freshness of earlier years, and grouping around it the love and honor of children and grandchildren who worthily represent him, and the grateful respect of a large circle of friends, is felt as a continuous benediction." KEMELB, LOYAL CASE, was born in the town of Whiting, Addison county, Vt, May 5, 1807, the eldest son of Jonathan and Clarissa (Hutchinson) Remele. John Remele, his grandfather, was a minister in the Congregational Church, owned a farm in the town of Whit ing, and was pastor of the Congregational Church in that place, and was a chaplain in the War of the Revolution, in Colonel Doolittle's regiment. He had four children — three sons and one daughter. The sons were Jonathan, Samuel, and Stephen. The daughter was PoUy. Jona than married Clarissa Hutchinson, and by her had two children. Loyal Case and Almon. The latter died when but three or four years of age. The father died when Loyal C. was about five years of age, and his mother married for her second husband Rev. Mason Knapen, who preached in the Congregational Churches of Orwell, Sudbury, and Hinesburg, and from the latter place moved to Richland, Mich., where he and his wife died within a few weeks of each other, in the year 1857. Two of their children are living, viz. : Lucinda, wife of StiUman Jackson, a farmer, and Ashraun, a presiding elder in the Methodist Episcopal Church, in Michigan. At the age of thirteen Loyal C. left his home and for a few years went to Uve -with his ¦Grandfather Hutchinson. He was then bound out until of age to Asa Jones, of Shoreham. For two or three years after reaching his majority he worked by the month among the neighboring farmers. He raarried, February 6, 1832, Samantha, daughter of John and SaUy Barker, of Leicester. She was born in Leicester February, 1804. After her death, leaving no ¦children, Mr. Remele married for his second wife. May 17, 1852, Alma, daughter of Timothy and Polly (Sraith) Alden. She was born February 5, 1810, in Leicester. She is a descendant .in the sixth generation from John Alden, one of the PUgrim Fathers who came over in the Mayflower in 1620. He was a magistrate of Plyraouth Colony for more than fifty years. He was born in 1599, and died in Duxbury September 12, 1689. The first year after his first marriage Mr. Remele lived in Leicester, then moved to Whiting, -where he remained four years, then moved to Shorehara, on to the farra where he has resided •ever since. Mr. R. has devoted his life to farraing, and, Uke raost farraers in Addison county, has devoted especial attention to the breeding of the Spanish Merino sheep. His flock is No. 145 of the Vermmit Floch Register. As Mr. Reraele states it, he was born a Whig, and from that drifted easily into the Repub lican party, and has been a flrm adherent of that party. Loyal C. Remele. APPENDIX. BRIEF PERSONALS ABBOTT, GEORGE W., Middlebury, was born in Bristol, Addison county, Vt., on May 18, 1832. His parents were Aretus and Miranda (Cobb) Abbott Aretus Abbott was born in New Hampshire, and came with his father, Ehsha Abbott, to Addison county, Vt, about 1824, and settled in the town of Weybridge, Vt Elisha Abbott was a blacksmith by trade. Aretus worked in Rutland at nail making, and also at the blooming business, in which business he engaged in Bristol, Addison county, Vt. He came to East Middlebury in 1836. He had a family of three daughters and one son, three of whom are now living. Mr. Aretus Abbott died in 1864. George W. was educated in the coraraon schools and at an early age learned the trade of his father, that of bloomer, and continued to work at that in Bast Middlebury until 1862, when he enlisted in Company B, Fourteenth Vermont Infantry, participated in the bat tle of Gettysburgh, and served out his term of enlistment. His health being permanently im paired, he returned to East Middlebury and again took up his former occupation, which he has since foUowed. He was married in 1854 to Lucy A. Fay. They have had one daughter, Isabella, who died at the age of twenty years. Mr. Abbott married his second wife, Eliza B. Chapman, in 1879. She was a daughter of Wm. Chapman, a weU-known resident of Middle bury, Vt. He occupies a very fine residence in Bast Middlebury. Alden, Charles, Vergennes, was born in Addison, Vt., in 1853. He has been a contract builder for several years, and in 1885 he formed the firm of Alden & Cotey, and now is en gaged in the manufacture of sash, blinds, doors, and is doing a general carpenter trade and job building. He was married in 1872 to Angeline Bricot, who was born in Canada. They have had a family of three children born to them — Jennie, Louis E., and Lena BeUe. Charles Alden was a son of John and Thursey (Murray) Alden. Thursey was born in Canada in 1823 and John was born in 1822. They were married in Canada, and have had a faraily of six children born to them, three sons and three daughters. John Alden was a son of Peter Alden, who was a native of Vergennes, and whose father was a native of France and settled in Vergennes, Vt, at an early day. Allen, Ephron, Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was born on May 9, 1822. He has held sev eral offices of the town and district. He now owns a part of the old Allen homestead in con nection with his large farm. He was married in September 9, 1847, to Abigail AmeUa Ward, who was bom in Walthara, Vt., in 1824. They had a family of four chUdren, three sons and one daughter (who died at an early age) : Chester W., Henry E., and Ethan J. Amelia A. was a, daughter of Chester and Abigail (Hawkins) Ward, she a native of Waltham, Vt., and he a native of Connecticut Chester W. AUen raarried Ella Hopkins, of Panton, in 1872 ; she died in 1879, leaving one son, John H. Henry E. married Mary E. Young, of Illinois, in January, 1879. Mr. Ephron Allen was a son of WiUiam and Lucretia (Putnam) Allen, and a brother of Putnam AUen. AUen, Judge Norman J., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born in Phelps, N. Y. on March 31, 1818, and settled in North Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1838, when he began business as a merchant, a branch of trade which proved a success to him, and in which he engaged until his retirement from mercantile Ufe in 1860. He made but few changes in his business, but through all these he stiU remained chief He was also engaged in the milling business under the firm name of AUen & Percival, which property they still hold and rent He served as asso ciate judge of Addison county, Vt, with Court Judge Pierpoint, and also with Judges Slade and Ferry. He has been hster, justice of the peace of his town, and also held other offices. He was married on December 15, 1841, to Sarah Martin, who was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, and was a daughter of Stoddard Martin. She died on April 10, 1873, leaving three children, Mar tin Fletcher, Anna Caroline, and Stoddard Norraan. Norman J. then married his second wife Mrs. Lucinda Palmer (widow of James Palmer), on December 17, 1873. She had one daughter by her first husband, Abbie Palmer (now Mrs. Dean). Lucinda was a daughter of Medad 49 History of Addison County. Martin. Norman J. AUen was a son of Cyrus and SaUy (Fletcher) AUen, who were born in Woodstock, Vt Mrs. Sally AUen died on August 8, 1818, and was buried at Clyde, N. Y., when Norman was brought to Woodstock, Vt. He remained there until reaching the age of fourteen years, when he went to Jericho, and there clerked and attended the academy. From there he went to Bristol, Vt., where he went into business at tbe age of nineteen years. From Bristol, Vt, he came to Ferrisburgh in 1838. Allen, Putnam, Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in January, 1816. He has been selectman two terms, lister three terms, a justice of the peace, and county grand juryman, and represented his district in the Legislature in 1872, and now owns 387 acres, and a farm of 100 acres, which was a part of the old horaestead purchased in 1800. He was married in 1839 to Mary Ann Beach, a daughter of Stephen and Ann (Penfield) Beach. She died in 1881 leaving a family of eight children, five of whom are now living — Sarah Ann, Mary L., Emerett, Ellen M., and Fred W. Putnam AUen was a son of Wra. and Lucretia (Putnam) Allen. She was born in Canada on February 19, 1797, and he was born in Dorset, Vt., on February 8, 1792, and they were married on April 23, 1812. They had a family of nine chUdren bom to them, six of whom are now living — Isbon (born 1813), Putnam, WiUiam (born 1820), Ephron (born 1822), Orrin N. (born 1834), and Marion (born 1825). Obadiah AUen enlisted in the Second Vermont Infantry and died at Fair Haven court-house on December 30, 1862. WiUiam AUen served in the War of 1812 and was a son of Obadiah and Hannah (Gage) AUen, who settied in this town in 1800 on the old homestead, where they died. Andrus, S. S., Cornwall, was born in CornwaU, Addison county, Vt, on October 7, 1819. His parents were Ethan and Abigail (Skinner) Andrus. Ethan Andrus was born in Cornwall, Vt, about 1793, and was a son of Eldad Andrus, who was a pioneer in the early settlement of Cornwall and settied on the place now owned by Mrs. Holley. He afterward settled on the farm which is the home of his grandson, where he spent the latter part of his life. Ethan Andrus also spent part of his life on the sarae place until late in Ufe, when he raoved to West Cornwall. He was a successful business man, and had a family of four daughters and one son. Three daughters and one son are now living. He died October 9, 1873. S. S. Andrus was educated in the coramon schools of Addison and received a fair education. He was engaged a great deal in the buying and selling of live stock, and was married about 1842 to Olive Howe, who was a daughter of Solomon Howe, who was a farmer and weU-known resident of Bridport, Vt They have one daughter, Revillo, now the wife of J. M. Tracy, of West CornwaU, Vt Mr. Andrus has always lived on the farra, and owns between 450 and 460 acres in Cornwall and Bridport. He never aspired to office, but is a prominent citizen and a self-made and industrious man. Atwood, J. Q., Cornwall, was born in Cornwall, Addison county. Vt, on August 13, 1825, and was the oldest son of Benjamin and Cynthia (Eastman) Atwood. Benjamin Atwood was born in Sandown, New Hampshire, on December 5, 1791, and came with his father, Benjamin Atwood, sr., to Addison county, Vt., at the beginning of this century, remaining in Cornwall two or three years, and at the end of that time removing to Rutland county, Vt. He then with his parents started for the State of Pennsylvania, but while on their way there his parents died. Their seven children then made their way back to Vermont in 1803. He learned the wheelwright trade with Luther Tilden, a trade which he followed for eight years. He purchased the Scovell farra, where he lived many years. He had a family of two daughters and three sons, three of whom are now living, J. Q., Amos E., and M C. He also read law in the office of Peter Starr, of Middlebury, Vt. He died on September 30, 1882. J. Q. Atwood was educated in the coramon schools of Addison, and received a very fair education. He was married on Septem ber 20, 1849, to Sarah T. E. Stearns, who was a daughter of Abijah Stearns, a farmer and well- known citizen of Cornwall, Vt. They have two children, John Walter, who is a farmer and resides on the farra, and Mary B , who died in infancy. After he was married Mr. Atwood had his residence on the place now the home of H. D. Scovell, and remained there two years, when he removed to Bristol and there dealt in real estate, and in 1858 he settled in his present home and built his family residence. He has been lister of the town three years, and is a prosperous and self-made man. Bacon, Frank H., Waltham, Vergennes p. o., was born in Waltham on May 11, 1857. He was ma-ried on September 29, 1885, to Hattie C. Bingham, a daughter of Hiram and Mar ion (Ford) Bingham, of Cornwall, Vt. His parents were Oscar A. and Julia A. (Stewart) Ba con. Mrs. Bacon was a daughter of Helera and Eleanor (Huraphrey) Stewart, of Weybridge, Vt. Her paternal grandfather was BrazUla Stewart, who settled in Bridport, Vt., in 1790, and was a son of Jaraes Stewart, who was a native of Connecticut, and settled in Addison, Vt., at an early day. Oscar Bacon has had two children, Charles 0. (deceased) and Frank H. He was a leading citizen and represented his town in 1861 and 1862. Frank H.'s paternal grand father was Charles Bacon, who was born in Weybridge, Vt., on June 23, 1797. He was a son Brief Personals. iii ofSarauel Bacon, who was a native of Connecticut, and an early pioneer of the town of Wey bridge, Vt Charles Bacon settied in Waltham, Vt, in 1833, on the farra now occupied by Frank H. Bacon. He took an active part in public affairs and represented his town in the Legislature in 1841, 1842, and 1846. His children were Walter M., Edgar A., Lorenza D., Oscar C, Sylvia R., Joseph M., and Josiah M. Oscar C. came into possession of the homestead in Waltham, Vt., in 1865, which he occupied until his death, which occurred in 1879. He was mar ried on November 17, 1847, to JuUa Stewart. Bain, Jaraes, Bristol, was born in Glasgow, Scotiand, on Noveraber 22, 1820. His father, Andrew Bain, came to America with one son, Andrew, in 1830. settled in Lincoln, Vt., and in 1832 the mother came with four chUdren from Glasgow to Lincoln, Vt. The children were William (who now resides in Lincoln, Vt.), Thomas (now a resident of Lincoln, Vt), Archibald (deceased, died in Bristol, Vt). They Uved in Lincoln and Bristol, Vt, most of their Uves. After their arrival in America they had three daughters born to them, Mary (now Mrs. Horace Dodge, of Northfield, Vt.), Harriet (now Mrs. George Varney, of Lincoln, Vt), and Jeanette (now Mrs. Prank Briggs, of Bristol, Vt). James Bain married Rhoda Bush, a daughter of Willaim Bush, of Lincoln, Vt, and by her had one child, Lewis, who died in 1855 at the age of fourteen years. Mr. Bain was seleotraan for two years, grand juror for several yeai-.<, and is at present justice of the peace. His farm now consists of about seventy acres. Bain, Charles H., Middlebury, was born in Bristol, Addison county, Vt., on July 6, 1839. His parents were Andrew and Harriett (MiUs) Bain. Andrew Bain was bom in Glasgow, Scotland, about 1818, and with his father, Andrew, sr., emigrated to America in 18.30, and set tled in the town of Lincoln, where Andrew, sr., died. Andrew, jr., after his marriage, with his wife and child journeyed to the State of Illinois in a canvas-covered wagon, and was absent about a year. He then returned east and purchased a farm near Little Notch, south of Bristol, where he resided eight years, when he again went West, this time to Wisconsin, in the same manner as before, and squatted there for about two years, returning east in 1851 ;, and in the foUowing year he settled on the place now owned by his son Charles H. He lived on this place until 1871, when he purchased the place on Munger street, where he now resides. He had a family of two sons, Charles H. and Homer M. (who died in 1862 at the age of nineteen years). Charles H. was educated in the coraraon schools, and brought up to farraing. In the fall of 1861 he enhsted in Company E, Second Regiraent sharpshooters, and took part in the skirmish at the taking of Fredericksburgh in the spring of 1862. He was with General Auser's brigade, under McDowell. When that brigade was being transferred by rail a collision occui red, in which about 100 men were injured, Mr. Bain among thera. He was injured in the spine, sent to the hospital, and remained there nine months on duty as detail clerk, and orderly in distributing camp for several months, then transferred to veteran corps in the defenses at Wnshington till the expiration of term of services, which occurred on December 4, 1864. He was mustered out at Washington in December, and returned to civil Ufe, and was raarried on Pebruarv 7, 1865, to Eraraa Moor, who was a daughter of Chauncey Moor, of Middlebury, Vt After his marriage he conducted the home place for six years, which he purchased in 1877, and now owns a fine place of 155 acres. They have three sons, Homer M., Burley C, and Casca R. Baldwin, Henry R., Monkton, was born in Monkton, Vt., in 1836. He represented his town in 1872 and 1873 at Montpelier, Vt.; has been constable aud collector for twenty-four years; was a justice of the peace fourteen years, and held other minor offices of the town. He is a general farmer. He was married on October 13, 1868, to Mary Mathewson, of .Monkton, Vt She was a daughter of Daniel Mathewson. Henry R. Baldwin was a son of Koderiok and Lydia (Lawrence) Baldwin. She was born in Monkton, Vt, in 1807, he was born in 1801, and they were married on September 22, 1834. They had a faraily of nine children born t o them, seven of whom are now living — Henry R., Edwin D., Helen L., Hattie B., J. Nathan, Jennie, and Al bert N. Guy L. Baldwin died February 25, 1883. Lydia Baldwin died on April 2(;, 1880; she was a daughter of Diah and Lucretia (Peck) Lawrence ; and Roderick died on Mny 29, 1883. He was a son of Nathan G. and AbigaU (Chamberlin) Baldwin. Nathan G. Avas born in New MUford, Conn., in 1767, and she v^as born in Kent in 1773, where the)- were married on April 18, 1793, after which they raoved to Monkton, Vt, coming here with an ox team and sled in the winter of 1794, where they resided until the time of his death. They had a family of four chUdren born to them— Isaac,' Roderick, Electa, and Emeline. Ms ^ general farmer and dairyman'. He was married in 1872 to Flora Webb, of F.rrisluirnh, "^ They have had two children born to them— Dora M. and Benedict C. George K. Ball was a son of Michael and Delia (Champlin) BaU. DeUa died in 1857, leaving a family of five children, three of whom are now Uving — Ezra, George, and Emma. Mj-. BaU then raarried for his sec ond wife Ann Spooner, by whora he had one son, Wiler E. Michael was a representative man iv History of Addison County. of his town ; held many of the town offices, and represented his town for two terms. He was a son of Alvin and Mary (Siple) BaU, she a native of Addison county, Vt., and he of Pownal, Vt. They had a family of six children bom to them — Alvin, jr., Stephen, Christina, Phebe, Michael, and Ansel 0. Mr. Alvin BaU settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1795. Ball, Artemus A., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1846. He is an extensive farmer and dairyman, and owns 200 acres in the northwest part of the town on the lake. He built a dock in 1879 and embarked in the coal hjisiness, which trade has largely increased yearly ever since. He is conveniently located for a large eastern trade. He is also engaged in general shipping. He was married in 1874 to Mary Chadbourne, who was born in Canada. They have had four children bom to them — Anna U., Florence A., Jay S., and Guy C. Artemus A. Ball was a son of Stephen and Urana (Smedley) Ball, of Ferris burgh, Vt., who were married in 1843. Mrs. Ball died on November 30, 1861, leaving a family of six children — Peter P., Artemus A., Wallace D., Louisa S., EUen M., and Emerson C. Peter enlisted in Co. I, Sixth Verraont Regiment, and died in the hospital at BurUngton, Vt. Barto, David C, Ferrisburgh, Panton p. o., was bora in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1849. He is a general farmer and sheep grower. He has been lister of the town two terms and selectman for six years. He was married in 1878 to Harriet F. Stimson, of Westport, N. Y. They have had two daughters born to them — Wealtha G. and Grace E. David C. Barto is a son of Will iam R. and Huldah (Baldwin) Barto. Mrs. Barto was born in Summit, Schoharie county, N. Y., in 1816. They had one son bom to them — David C. Williara R. Barto died in Septem ber, 1878. His first wife was Mary Gage, of Ferrisburgh, Vt, who died m 1842, leaving three children, two of whom are now living — Alphonso and Mary B. Mr. Barto was born in Dor set, Vt., in 1800, was raised in Hinesburg, Vt, and settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1836, on the old homestead, which is now owned by his son David C. and occupied by him. It was formerly the old George Gage farm. Alphonso Barto emigrated to Illinois in 1855, and enlisted in the Fifty-second Regiment of Illinois ; was appointed captain, and served for three years, when he was discharged, after which he held the office of treasurer of Kane county, and fitted himself for and was admitted to the bar in 1869. He removed the same year to Minnesota, of which State he is now one of the representative men, having been lieutenant-governor of the same. Bartley, Lawrence, Vergennes, was born in Vergennes, Vt., in 1853. He commenced busi ness life as a grocer and provision dealer in 1875, and in 1880 sold out and engaged in the man ufacture of furniture under the firm name of Bartley, Fisher & Co., and in 1884 he engaged in the stove, tin, and house supply goods, and general plumbing and steam-fitting business. He has also held several of the town offices. He was a son of James and Ann (McDermott) Bart ley, who were born in Ireland, and married in Vergennes, Vt., in 1838. She died in August, 1884, leaving three children — Lawrence Thomas, Anna E., and Michael (who enlisted in the One Hundred and Ninety-second New York ; was discharged through disability, and died in September, 1865). James had by his first wife two sons and one daughter — Jeremiah and John, and Julia. John and Jeremiah enlisted in Company K, Second Vermont, and John died in 1863 while in service. James Bartley was a soldier in the United States army, and was sta tioned at the arsenal at Vergennes for twenty-three years, frora 1836 to 1 859, when he retired, aged seventy-four years. Lawrence Bartley was married in 1883 to Elizabeth McMahon, a daughter of Michael McMahon, of Vergennes, Vt. Barrows, L. Crosby, Middlebury, was bom in Middlebury, Vt., on September 29, 1826. His parents were Lucius and Matilda (MiUer) Barrows. Lucius Barrows was born in Mansfield, Conn., on June 14, 1793, and came with his father, Eleazer Barrows, to Addison county, Vt, in 1796, and settled on the farm which is now the home of L. Crosby, and who now occupies the same old house built and occupied by his father and grandfather, which, with the iraproveraents made, is still in a good state of preservation. Eleazer Barrows died on the place. Lucius Bar rows was married on February 10, 1824, to Matilda Miller. They had a family of seven chU dren born to them, five of whom are now living, three daughters and two sons. Lucius died on February 1, 1869. His widow is still living, and, although in the eighty-sixth year of her age, is still vigorous in both raind and body. L. Crosby was educated in the Addison county gram mar school, and was brought up to farming pursuits. He was married in 1856 to Cornelia W. Mead, after which he resided in Iowa and Illinois for twelve years, and there was engaged in farraing. After his residence here he returned to Middlebury and purchased the home place, ¦where he has since resided. Barnum, Orton T., Monkton, Bristol p. o., was born in Monkton, Vt, in 1838. He is one of the leading farmers of his county and also one of the representative raen, having held most of the town offices, and representing the town in the Legislature in 1876 and 1877. He was married in 1864 to Amanda Dean, a daughter of Carlton and Celestia (French) Dean. They have had three children born to them — Mary A., Harry Orton, and Edward T., who died at the age of two years. Orton T. was a son of Philemon and Rebecca (Thomas) Barnum. They Brief Personals. died in Monkton, Vt, leaving three sons — Orton T., Jerome P., and George E. Philemon was a bloora iron manufacturer, and was a son of Job V. Barnura, who was also born in this county, and Job V. Barnum was a son of Ebenezer Barnum, who settled here at an early day ; was a native of Connecticut. Bates, Cortes V., Bristol, now owns and conducts one of the most complete livery stables in Addison County, Vt, located on the pubUc park adjoining the Babtist church. He was born in Warren on October. 25, 1852, and came to Bristol, Vt, in AprU, 1885, frora Waterbury, Wash ington county, Vt., where he had been connected in tbe livery business with his father. His father, Harley P. Bates, was a native of Brookfield, Vt, where he was engaged in the merchant business in the early part of his life. For the past fifteen years he has been engaged in the livery business. His wife was Harriet Eastman, who was a native of Bristol, Vt., and vvas a daugh ter of Calvin and Clarissa (Pettibone) Eastman. Harley had a family of two daughters and one son — Ellen, Viola, and Cortes V. EUen is now Mrs. C. S. Huntington, of Bristol, Vt., and Viola is Mrs. George Gove, of Waterbury, Vt. Cortes Bates married NeUie Gleason, a daughter of Henry and Betsey (Woodward) Gleason, of Waterbury, Vt. She was born in Waterbury, Vt, on November 27, 1854, and was married on December 3, 1873. They have had one child born to them, Ida May, born on December 30, 1874. Bell, WiUiam D., Weybridge, was born in Weybridge, Vt, on October 2, 1808, and was the only son of Dennis and Huldah (Nash) BeU. Dennis was born in Connecticut, and came with his father, Solomon Bell, to Weybridge before the beginning of this century. They built the first dam across Otter Creek, at the Middlebury lower falls. They originally owned the water privilege, and built a saw-mill and conducted a cloth-dressing establishment for many years. Dennis Bell was married in 1801 to Huldah Nash, of New Haven. Just before his marriage he bnilt a house which is still standing, and which was occupied by him during his Ufe. He had a family of four children born to him, three daughters and one son, who is now the only living one in the family. He was a successful business man and esteemed by every one who knew him. He died in 1812 in the forty-fourth year of his age. William D. received his education in the public schools of Weybridge, and at the academy at Middlebury, Vt He was brought up to farming, and assisted his mother in the care of her family. He was raarried on January 1, 1839, to Rosamond A. Johnson, who was a daughter of Sarauel Johnson, a former and well-known resident of Salisbury, Vt. After his marriage he settled on the place which he still occupies, and which was originally built by his brother-in-law, " Bill Thayer." They have had a faraily of six children bom to them — Julia, Charles N. (who is a lawyer and resident of St Paul, Minn.), NeUie E., Frank C. (who is a land agent and farmer at Valley Spring, Dak.), WilUam W. (now engaged in ranching at Dakota), and Edward J. (now a contractor in St Paul, Minn.). Bessette, Calice, Orwell, a manufacturer of carriages and wagons, has been established in Or well, Vt, since 1860. He is a native of St. Mary's Province, Quebec, Canada, where he was born on April 10, 1836. He is the fourth generation from France. His father, Albert J. Bes sette, carae from Canada with his family and settled in Burlington, Vt, in 1847. Calice Bes sette went to Lowell, Mass., in 1856, where he spent one year, after which he went to Shore ham, Vt, where he reraained three years, where he learned his trade, that of blacksmithing and carriage-making at the shop of Antoine Decelle. After this he came to OrweU, Vt, where he worked for Eleazer Abbey for two months, and then purchased the business, and by close ap plication to business, and by manufacturing a superior quality of work, he has made the busi ness in all of its branches a decided success and a credit to himself and the town. He not only supplies a steadily increasing home demand, but fiUs orders for special customers at a distance, shipping sorae of his best work to the large cities. He sustained heavy losses by fire in 1869, but has rebuilt his works on a much larger scale than before, and now employs on an average ten men the season through. He now owns and occupies a commodious and elegant residence adjoining the factory. BiUings, Avery Williams, Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born in West Haven, Vt, in 1816, and settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1845, and engaged in the harness manufacture and repair business, in which he still continues. He was married in 1850 to Clarissa Amelia Lyman, of Ferrisburgh, Vt. They have had one chUd born to them, Lois Abigail, who married Squire Chapman Palmer, and resides in Chittenden county, Vt. They have had one child born to them, Harry Billings Palraer. Avery WiUiara BiUings was a son of WiUiam J. and Abigail (Wood ward) BilUngs, who were natives of Massachusetts, and died in Fair Haven, Vt They had a family of six chUdren, of whom Avery is the only one now living. Bingham, W. Harrison, CornwaU, was born in CornwaU, Vt., on January 9. 1843. He was a son of Harris and Lucy Ann (Warner) Bingham. Harris Bingham was born in Cornwall, Vt, On April 18, 1806. He was a son of Ira Bingham. He settled on a portion of his present place, which was originally settled by his grandfather, Jeremiah T. Binghara. He built his pres ent farm residence in 1849, and had a famUy of four children born to hira, two of whom are History of Addison County. now living, Lucien W. (now a resident of Cleveland, Ohio) and W. Harrison. Harris B. held many of the town offices, being town treasurer, justice of the peace, selectman, and also held numerous other minor offices of the town. He is still living and is vigorous in his mind and body, although in his eighty-first year. W. Harrison Bingham received his education in the common and select schools. He enhsted on August 30, 1862, in Company D, Fourteenth Ver mont Volunteers, and participated in the battle of Gettysburgh. His term of enlistment expired on July 21, and he was mustered out on July 30, 1863, at Brattleboro, Vt., after which he re turned to civil life and resumed his farm work on his former place. He was raarried on June 16, 1868, to Mary L. Cook, a daughter of Major G. V. Cook, of New Haven, Vt. They have had two children born to thera — Anna M. and Eugene C. Mr. Bingham's. farra now consists of 335 acres, aud is stocked with registered Merino sheep. He has been justice of the peace, select man, treasurer, represented his town in 1880, and is now town treasurer and justice of the peace. Birkett, John, Ferrisburgh, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, on March 12, 1823. He now owns and occupies the old homestead settleraent, and also a large addition, owning in all about 400 acres. He represented his town in 1876 and 1877, was a justice of the peace, and held other offices in his town. He was married in 1861 to Alvira C. Parker, who was born in UnderhUl, Vt, in 1838, and is a daughter of Reuben and Susan Ann (Rogers) Parker. They have had four children born to thera : Martha (born November 23, 1862) ; Elmei- P. (born March 4, 1864) ; Blva S. (born October 2, 1870) ; and Elsie M. (bom February 1, 1874). John Birkett was a son of Joseph and Martha (Beers) Birkett. Martha was a daughter of Daniel Beers, of Starksboro, Vt, and was born in 1796. She died in 1881. Joseph was born in 1780 and died in 1854. They had a family of three sons and two daughters. Joseph settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt, about 1795, coming with his mother and her six children from England, via New York. His father died in England. Joseph had a family of five children — Walter, A manda, John, Martha, and Joseph. Joseph's three brothers, who came from England and settled here, were Joseph, Wal ter, and Thomas. Two of his sisters also settled in this sarae county. Blakeley, Ira J., Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1815. He was a foreman at the Eagle MiUs for fifteen years and a keeper in the Denmore prison in New l^ork lor over twenty years, and returned to Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1880, where he now resides. He wiis raarried in 1836 to Betsey B. Downing, a daughter of Major Downing, of Bristol, Vt. She died in 1865, leaving one son, Ira J. He raarried his second wife, Mrs. Corneha A. (Field) Houghton, in 1880. She was a daughter of Solomon Field. She had two daughters by her first husband, Elizabeth and Alice Houghton. Ira J. Blakeley was a son of James and Cather ine (Sloat) Blakeley. He was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, where he died in 1824. They had a family of five children, two of whom are now living, Mrs. Ida M. Brydia and Ira J. Mrs. Blakeley died in Canada Bond, Doctor Franklin, Cornwall, was born in Cornwall, Addison county, Vt, on AprU 15, 1821. lie was a son of Asa and Lucy (Janes) Bond. Asa Bond was born in Chelsea, Orange county, Vt. He carae to Addison county about 1811, and in 1812 he purchased a portion of the place which is now owned by his son, Franklin Bond. He was a tanner and currier by trade, a busi ness which he followed for many years. He had a family of eight children, six of whora are now living. The latter part of his life he devoted entirely to farraing. His death occurred in February, 1868. Doctor FrankUn Bond was educated in the common schools. He was brought up to farm ing and the tanning business, which he followed until twenty years of age, when he attended an academy at Brandon, Vt. He also took a partial scientific course at Middlebury College, and was at Dartmouth CoUege one year, taking the medical course there ; was at the Castleton Medical College for two years, and graduated from that institution in 184'?. He commenced the practice of medicine with his preceptor, Doctor M. 0. Porter, with whom he studied in Cornwall, Vt, pre vious to his graduation, after which he went to Sheboygan Falls, Wis., and there practiced medi cine for about eleven years, after which he returned to the home place to take care of his aged parents. After his return home he engaged in farming and in supplying the raUroad corapany with ties and wood. He was married in 1848 to Martha A. Southraayd, of Shorehara, Vt They have had a family of ten children born to them, eight of whom are now living. Doctor Bond has never sought offioe; was selectman for three years during the war. Booth, Jared, Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o,, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1839. He is one of the prominent general farmers of his town. He was town representative in 1880 and 1881, and was a justice of the peace of this town in 1880 and 1884. He was married in 1860 to Julia A. Porter, who died in 1871 leaving three children, who have also died since her death. Mrs. Booth was a daughter of George W. and Julia H. Porter. Jared Booth then married his second wife, Phila F. Hurlburt, of Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1873. They have had two sons born to them, Jared Samuel, and Ralph Hurlburt. Jared Booth was a son of Jared and Hannah (Adams) Booth. She was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., and was a daughter of Deacon Allen Adams. Jared, Brief Personals. vii sr., was born in Vergennes, Vt, in 1807, and was married in 1833. They had a family of nine children born to them, two of whom are now Uving — Jared and Samuel B. Jared, sr., represented his town and held raost of the town offices, and was a son of Sarauel B. and Judith (Brace) Booth. He was born in 1775 and she was also born in the same year, and they were married in 1799. They had a family of five chUdren born to them, only one of whom is now living, Ezra B. Mrs. PhUa F. Booth was a daughter of Lewis and PhUomelia S. (FuUer) Huriburt He was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1799, and she was born in the same town in 1805. They were married in September, 1824 ; had a family of ten children born to them, six of whom are now living. Mr. Huriburt died in 1867, and his wife died in 1883. Lewis was a son of David and EUzabeth (Neerin) Hurlburt, who were among the early settlers of Ferrisburgh, Vt., and came here from Connecticut. Booth, Ezra, Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was born in Newtown, Conn., in 1813, and set tled in Addison county, Vt., in 1831. He was married on March 25, 1840, to Sophia WhaUey, who was born in England in 1816. They had a family of six chUdren — WiUiam W., Lucy A., EUen R., Austin T., Richard D., and Ada S. Ezra Booth held raost of the town offices, and died on July 1, 1868. Mrs. Booth settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt., with her parents, Thoraas and Rachel (Jones) WhaUey, in 1827. They settled on the homestead farm in 1832. In 1840 they raoved to Charlotte, where Mrs. WhaUey died in 1855. Mr. WhaUey then married his second wife, Hannah Tobias. He died in 1881 aged ninety years, and Hannah died in 1884. Three of his chUdren were born in England, Sophia, Eliza, and Thomas, and four in Canada, four of whom are now living, Sophia, Jonathan, Samuel, and Richard. Thomas WhaUey was a professional teacher in England and taught here after his early settlement, after which he became a farmer. Mr. Ezra Booth was a son of Austin and Phebe (Botsford) Booth. Booth, Samuel B., Vergennes, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1842. He was married in 1865 to Phebe K. Orviss, who was born in 1842. She was a daughter of Lorenzo and Phebe (Kees) Orvis, who were married in 1841. She died on January 20, 1842, leaving one daughter. Lorenzo then married his second wife, Mary B. Hitt, of Addison, Vt., in 1848. They had three daughters born to them. Samuel B. Booth was a son of Jared B. and Hannah (Adams) Booth. She was born on May 22, 1811, and he was born in Vergennes, Vt, on March 27, 1807, and they were married on November 19, 1833. She died in 1870, and Jared B. died on July 30, 1875. They had a family of nine children born to them, two of whom are now living, Samuel B. (born in 1842) and Jared (born in 1839). Jared B., sr., was a son of Samuel B. and Judith (Brace) Booth. Samuel Booth was born in 1775 and Judith was born in 1799. They had a family of five children born to them, of whom the only one now living is Ezra B. Booth, of Rochester, N. Y. Botsford, Cyrus Booth, Vergennes, was born in Newtown, Conn., in AprU, 1831, and when ten years of age he came to Vergennes, Vt., and lived with his uncle, Cyrus Booth, of Vergennes. Vt, until 1853, when he went to California and worked in the gold mines ; remained there about four years, when he returned to Vergennes, Vt This trip proved a success financially as weU as physically. He went to California via the Nicaragua route and returned via the Panama Isthmus. He now owns a homestead of 350 acres, and is an extensive dairyman and stock- grower of Durham and graded stock. Cyrus B. Botsford was married in 1866 to Julia Warner, of Crown Point, N. Y. They have had a family of four children born to them — Anna M., Cyrus Warner, WiUiam H., and Samuel Booth. Julia was a daughter of Henry and Anna (Willraarth) Warner. Cyrus was a son of Elijah and Abigail Botsford. Bottum, Elias, New Haven, was born in Shaftsbury, Vt, in February, 1791, and died on February 6, 1865. He was a son of Simon and EUzabeth (Huntington) Bottum. He settled in New Haven, Vt, in 1805, and was raarried on February 5, 1811, to Diadama Squire, a daughter of Andrew and Nancy (Cole) Squire, who were among the early settlers of New Haven. They had a famUy of four children born to them, all of whom are now dead — Mary A. (the wife of Julius Sprague), Charlotte E. (married Ezra Hoyt), CaroUne E. (the wife of Jaraes Meachara), and EUas S. Mr. Bottum was a prominent citizen of his town and held many of the important offices, and took an active part in aU pubUc affairs. He was senator frora Addison county in 1825 and 1829, was a member of tbe Legislature in 1840 and 1841, and county judge in 1847- 48. His widow now resides on the old horaestead. Ehas S., their only son, was born on Sep tember 18, 1822, and died on November 7, 1878. Hewas married on January 11, 1849, to Mary M. Hoyt, a daughter of the Rev. Otto S. Hoyt, of Hinesburg, Vt, and had a family of eight chUdren, six of whom are now living. Mr. Bottum, like his father, was a raan of sterling char acter, and was for many years deacon in the Congregational Church ; was a member of the Leg islature in 1842, and always took an active part in all society and public affairs. Brooks, Samuel N., Middlebury, was born in the town of New Haven, Addison county, Vt., on March 12, 1821. His parents were Daniel and Mary (Noble) Brooks. Daniel Brooks was born in Connecticut, and came to Addison county about 1810 and settled at Bast MiUs, New viii History of Addison County. Haven, where he carried on his business of wheelwright for many years. He was a resident o£ Middlebury, Vt., for thirty years, where he carried on his business. He had a family of three daughters and three sons; one daughter and three sons are now living. He died in 1849, and his widow died in 1882, who, after his death, married Deacon James Nobles, of Benson, Vt. Samuel N. Brooks was educated in the common schools, and early in life was thrown 'on his own resources ; was brought up to farming, and worked for others until twenty years of age, when he served an apprenticeship with David B. Royce for four years at the carpenter's trade, and worked asjourneyman for him for some years. He conducted business in Middlebury vil lage for himself for six years, employing a number of men. He purchased the place on which he now resides, in the spring of 1883, which was the former Dudley Munger place and consists of 110 acres. He occupies a residence which was built by Dudley Munger in the first part of this century. He has since devoted his attention to farraing, and has been a successful dealer in horses for raany years. He was married in AprU, 1847, to Susan C. Buttell, who was a daugh ter of Jonathan Buttell, a former weU-known resident of Middlebury, Vt., who was bom in Or- ford, Grafton county, New Hampshire, on February 18, 1824. Bristol, Russel T., Panton, Vergennes p. o., was born in 1822. He was raarried in 1847 to Martha Jane Thorapson, a daughter of James Thompson. She was born 1828. They had a family of seven children born to them — Willard R. (married in 1876 to Mary A. Richards, of Cornwall, Vt), Edwin S., Ernest J. (married in 1878 to S. Iraogene Harris), Carlton D. (mar ried in 1876 to Anna M. Elitharp, of Bridport, Vt.), Alice J. (married in 1881 to Sidney M. Har ris), Arthur H., and Wallis H. (married in 1886 to Cornelia L. Sibley). Russel T. Bristol was a son of Noah and Anna (Stafford) Bristol. Anna was born in Essex, Essex county, N. Y., in 1794, and died in Panton, Vt, in 1865. Noah was born in Panton, Vt, in 1789, and died in 1838. They had a family of nine children bom to them. Three sons and one daughter are now living — Philemon L., Russel T., Abel, and Mrs. Abigail Eno (now the wife of Rufus Eno). Those deceased are Philo (who died in 1885, aged seventy years), Stafford (who died in 1848, aged twenty-two years), SybU (who married Watson Morgan and died in 1868, leaving a family of four children), Lydia (who married Charles Hayward and died in 1876, leaving a family of three sons). Noah Bristol was a son of Aaron and SybU Bristol, who were natives of Harwin- ton, Litchfield county, Conn., and settled in Panton, Vt, 1785. Aaron Bristol was born in 1742, and died in 1823. They had a family of eight children — SybU, Chauncey, Levi, Rhoda, Lemon, Olive, Moses, and Noah. Moses and Noah inherited the homestead by will from Aaron, and remained as partners until the death of Moses in 1826. He was bom in 1786, and served in the War of 1812. Brydia, David J., Ferrisburgh, Panton p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., on July 24, 1830. He is a general farmer and now owns and occupies the old homestead, which has been in the family for one hundred years. He was raarried in 1850 to Catharine Gregory, of Ferrisburgh, Vt, and by her had a faraily of three children — Hettie (born in 1856, raarried Edgar Torrey, and now has four children), Ira (born in 1858, married Carrie Dayfoot, by whom he has a family of two children, Mattie and Cora), Cora (was born in 1867 and died on May 3, 1883)^ Catharine was a daughter of John and Esther (Van Curler) Gregory. Esther was a daughter of Jacob Van Curler, of Washington county, N. Y. John Gregory was born in North Caro lina in 1793, and died in 1878. He settled in Vergennes, Vt, in 1814, and enlisted in the army from New York city ; served under General McDonough until the close of the war, when he was discharged. After his discharge he settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt., on the farm on which he died. David J. Brydia was a son of Ruben and Ida M. (Blakley) Brydia. Ruben was born in Ferris burgh, Vt, in 1810, and his wife was born in 1812. They were married in 1829, and had one son born to them, David J. Ruben Brydia was a son of David and Clarissa Brydia. BuU, Heman R., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born in Charlotte, Chittenden county, Yt, in 1814, and settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1833. He is a farmer and owns 300 acres. He was married in 1837 to Rachel M. Palmer, of Ferrisburgh, Vt. She was a daughter of Peter Palmer, and died in 1884, aged seventy-two years, and leaving six children, Aurilla (Mrs. Edward Keeler), Celia (Mrs. James Barton), Melvia Ann (Mrs. Albert Boardman), Elmer H. (who married Mary Cole), Peter P., and Watson W. Heman R. Bull was a son of Jeremiah and Phebe (Palmer) Bull. She was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1788, and he was born in Danby, Rutland county, Vt., in 1782. He died in 1824 leaving five sons and three daughters, six of whora are now living — Lott, Jonathan, Heraan R., Hiram, Joel, and Celia. Phebe died in 1875, after having resided with her son Heman for over twenty years. Burroughs, Stephen M., Waltham, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., on September 5, 1812, and in 1838 he settled in Waltham, Vt, on the farm he now occupies. He was married on March 20, 1837, to Submit W. Allen (a daughter of Solomon and Catherine (Cross) Allen, who were natives of Panton, Vt.), and by whom he had four children, George E., Solon, Judge S., and Mary J., who were twins. The house Mr. Burroughs occupies was the first frame house whichi BrIef Personals. ix wasbuUt in Waltham, Vt., and seven families have occupied the farm since its original settlement; and but one death has occurred on the farm, that of Mrs. Stephen M. Burroughs, which oc curred on March 22, 1885. Stephen M. Burroughs was a son of Ethan and Miranda (Finney) Burroughs. Ethan Burroughs was born in Trumbull, Conn , on November 17, 1780, and died on August 9, 1850. His children were Ethan (deceased), Lodeska B. (deceased), Stephen M., Ethan, Lucia A., Eden (deceased), Joseph (deceased), Solon (deceased), and Sebah. Stephen M.'s paternal grandfather was a native of Trumbull, Conn., who settied in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1787. His wife was Patience Middlebrook (a daughter of Dr. Stephen Middlebrook, of Trum bull, Conn.), and by whom he had two chUdren, Patience (Mrs. Williara Walker) and Ethan. Joseph Burroughs died on July 11 ,1817, aged seventy years; his wife on September 13, 1837. His maternal grandfather was Sackett Finney, of Monkton, Vt, who Uved to be ninety-three years of age, and at his death left over three hundred descendants. BushneU, Doud, Lincoln, Starksboro p. o., emigrated from Saybrook, Conn., to Wattsfield, Washington county, Vt., where he resided until the time of his death, which occurred about 1845. His wife was Lucy Joyce, whom he married in Saybrook, Conn. He was a shoemaker by trade, but in later life he engaged in farming. He had his farm in the eastern part of the -town. He had a family of eleven children, three daughters and eight sons. Of this family Ira. was born on AprU 2, 1799. He married Lurinda Ferguson, a daughter of Elisha Ferguson, who was one of the pioneers of Starksboro, Vt She was born on March 6, 1806, and was married on December 4, 1823. Ira was a blacksmith by trade, and resided in Starksboro, Vt, for many years. He first settled there in 1814. His shop and residence are now owned and occupied by his youngest son, Sidney BushneU. He was a successful business man, and accumulated prop erty and a comfortable estate. He was an esteemed citizen and townsraan and was honored with alraost every offioe of trust in the gift of the town. He died on August 5, 1873, at the age of seventy-three years. He had a faraily of six chUdren. Of these children Sidney was the second youngest He now owns and occupies the old homestead, which consists of two hundred acres. He represented his town in 1876, was justice of the peace for about eight years, sfelectman for four years, town treasurer for ten years, trustee U. S. school fund for fifteen years, and also held other minor offices. Butler, Thomas, Panton, Vergennes p. o., was born in Ireland on June 18, 1831. He came to America in 1851 and settled in Addison, Vt. He settled in Panton, Vt, in 1874 on their present homestead of 250 acres. He has made his farming Ufe a financial success, and has one Of the most productive farms in Addison county, Vt He was married in Monkton, Vt, in 1851 to Catherine McLaughlin, who was born in Ireland on June 24, 1831. They have had four children born to them, of whom only one is now living, Edward Butler, who was born in 1863. Thomas Butler was a son of Patrick and Honora (Coughlin) Butler, of Ireland. Partick died in Ireland, and his wife, Honora, came to Addison county, Vt., where she died. Brooks, Norman C, New Haven, was bom in the town of Middlebury, Addison county, Vt, to October 20, 1824. He is a manufacturer of edged tools. He married Emily Atwood, who- ¦Was a daughter of Isaac and Betsey (Farr) Atwood, of Brandon, Vt. They have no chUdren. Norman CT was a son of Barzeliel and Polly (Crane) Brooks, who were natives of Caanan, Conn. His father was a blacksraith by trade, a trade which he learned in his native State. He Settled in the town of New Haven, Vt., in 1818, where he worked at his trade for ten years; he then settled in the town of Middlebury and engaged in the manufacture of edged tools, a busi ness which he engaged in untU 1843, when he retired from business, and was succeeded by his three eldest sons, who removed the business to Brooksville, Vt, where they carried the same on for sixteen years, and were in time succeeded by Norman C. Brooks, who now has charge of the business, and who has conducted the same since 1861. Barzeliel Brooks was twice married; his flrst wife was Cook, and by whom he had three children — Casendana, Elizabeth, and Thomas, all of whom are now dead. His second wife was Polly Crane, who was a daughter of' Martin and Rachel (Thompson) Crane, who settled in New Haven, Vt, in 1790. By this mar riage BarzeUel had five chUdren born to him — Jonathan B. (deceased), Milton (deceased), Nor man C, Mary (now Mrs. Royal Atwood), and Luther M. Mr. Brooks died in AprU, 1849, aged sixty-four years. Britell, Oren K., Weybridge, was born in Weybridge, Vt, on January 17, 1836. His parents were Orange and Mary Ann (Brainard) Britell. Orange BriteU was born in Vermont in 1800, on the place which was first settled by his grandfather, Claudius Britell. Oren's pater nal grandfather, John Britell, was a native of Connecticut, who had a family of ten children. Three daughters are now living and are all residents of Western States. Orange Britell was a clothier by trade, and conducted that business in Weybridge village. His wife died in 1837. He then married his second wife, Diadama Gage, of Ferrisburgh, Vt., who died in 1876. He went to^ California in 1850 and remained there four years, when he returned to his horae in the Bast, and remained here three years, when he again returned to California and Stayed there until the year X History of Addison County. 1865, remaining a resident of Weybridge until the time of his death. He had a family of two daughters and one son, two of whom are now living, Helen (now Mrs. Daniel Huntley, of Ap pleton, Wisconsin), and Oren K. John Brittell, who was an older brother of Orange, was born in 1798. He inherited the home place, and was married on February 28, 1843, to Sally Beach, of Ferrisburgh. He held all of the town offices, and was town representative one or more terms, And died in March, 1879. Oren BriteU inherited the place, having cared for the people in their -old age. He was thrown on his own resources at an early age, was brought up to farming, and at the age of twenty-one years he, in corapany with his father, went to California and engaged in the butcher trade ; then went to Nevada, where he remained for eight years, where he worked at the carpenters' and joiners' trade, a trade which he had learned in his youth. He returned to Addison county, Vt, in 1865, traveled west one year, and in 1866 he settled on the place which is his present home. He was married on February 5, 1867, to Sarah Allen, a daughter of Putnam Allen, who was a well-known citizen of Ferrisburgh, Vt She was born on October 8, 1842. They had five children born to thera, three of whora are now living, John Putnara (born Au gust 3, 1869), Mary E. (born January 22, 1875), Claudius Ray (born November 19, 1880). They occupy the residence which was buUt by the first John Britell in 1802, but which has been rauch remodeled of late years ; also own 200 acres of land. He is a successful farmer and stock raiser -of fine horses. Brown, Joseph Z., Weybridge, was born in St Thomas, Canada, on January 6, 1829. His parents were Mitchell and Brown. He received no education whatever, and was brought up to farraing ; reraained at home until the year 1846, when he came to Addison county, Ver mont, and settled in CornwaU, and remained there three years and worked for Chauncey StoweU. He carae to Weybridge, Addison county, Vt, and worked for Philo Jewett for one year, after which he worked for Sardis Dodge, John Childs, and many others. While with Colonel Dodge lie learned the carpenter and joiners' trade with Leonard Johnson, an occupation which he fol lowed until settUng on the place he now occupies, having purchased this place in 1861. Hewas married in 1856 to Mary E. Yatto. They have had seven children bora to them, five of whom are now Uving : Mary (now Mrs. Joseph Nash, who resides in Weybridge, Vt.) ; Emma (now Mrs. Fred Marbell, of Middlebury, Vt) ; Emily, Hattie, and Joseph, aU of whora are at home. Mr. Brown settled on the place on which he now resides (and which was formerly the Hay ward place) soon after his marriage. It consists of seventy-three acres. He has devoted his time to farraing for the past five years. Carpenter, Luther, Ferrisburgh, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1795. He was a farmer in early life, but retired in 1872. He represented his town in 1836 and '37, and also held many of the town offices. He was married on Deceraber 7, 1836, to Lydia Ann Davis. They have had two children born to them, only one of whom is now living, Eliza A. (born March 29, 1838; married Daniel Collins in 1856). Mrs. Lydia Ann was a daughter of WUliam and Mercy (Taft) Davis. WiUiara was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1772, and his wife Mercy was born in 1782. They settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt, with their parents about 1785. Luther Carpenter was a son of Benjamin and and Lucy (Hatch) Carpenter. Benjamin Carpenter was born in Shaftsbury, Vt., in 1769, and settled in East Ferrisburgh, Vt., about 1792. He died in Septeraber, 1842, on the farm where he settled. Lucy was born in 1768 and died in 1851. They had a faraily of six children, two sons and four daughters, two of whora are now living — Luther, born in 1'795, and Lucy, bom in 4797 (now Mrs. 'Thompson). Carter, Harry W., New Haven, was bom in the town of Monkton, Addison county, Vt., on .May 4, 1813, where he resided until 1869, when he moved to New Haven, on the farm on which he now resides. He was married on April 4, 1842, to Eliza Beers, who was a daughter of El nathan B. and Sally (Capron) Beers, of Ferrisburgh, Vt. They have had one chUd born to them, ¦Ovanda C, now Mrs. George Russell, who also has one child, Leroy. Harry W. was a son of Soloraon C. and Lawrence (Peck) Carter; had a faraUy of four children by his first wife, Almira B., Harry W., Phebe, and Fanny, and one child by his second wife, who was Harriette Barnes, who is now Mrs. I. M. Knowles. Harry W.'s paternal grandfather was a native of Kent, Conn., and an early settler in Monkton, Vt. He had a faraUy of seven children, Soloraon C, Fanny, Thalia, Harry, Curtis, Thomas, and William. Chapman, WiUiam Wallace, Middlebury, was born in Malone, Franklin county, N. Y. His parents were Harry L. and Orpha (Ketcham) Chapman. He was educated in the common schools and at the academy at Malone, N. Y. He came to Rutland, Vt, in 1872, and there en gaged in quarrying and farming, remaining there until 1879, when he came to Middlebury, Vt., where he leased the Eureka flouring miUs, and which he now conducts in a successful raanner. He was elected seleotraan in 1882, '83 and 1884, and in 1884 was also a member of the Legis lature. He has recently leased the Star Mills in Middlebury, which he now proposes to conduct also. He was raarried in 1880 to Miss Bmma Wilson, of Benson, Rutland county, Vt. He is a self-made man, having no start whatever in life. Brief Personals. xi Chase, Nelson, Lincoln, one of the residents of Lincoln, Vt. Was bom in Waltham, Vt, on August 19, 1813. He settied in Lincoln, Vt., in 1868, and then purchased 100 acres of the Pu rinton estate, locally known as Elder HUl, and where he has since resided. His father, Ben jarain Chase, was born in Rhode Island on March 13, 1790. He raarried Fannie Smith, who was born on July 4, 1794. They had a family of four chUdren born to them. Benjamin Chase was a son of Nathan Chase, and was married on AprU 29, 1731, to Elizabeth Shaw. They had a faraily of two sons — Benjamin and George S., who came to Waltham, Vt, from Rhode Island a short tirae prior to 1812. Benjamin was married on August 31, 1812, to Fannie Smith, of Ver gennes, Vt. Their children were Nelson, WiUiam, Henry, and George 0. Benjamin Chase died in Ferrisburgh, Vt., on Septeraber 13, 1870. Nelson Chase, his oldest son, resided in Waltham, Vt, until coming to Lincoln, Vt He has been married twice. His flrst wife was Jane Rogers, to whora he was married on Septeraber 11, 1838. She was a daughter of Russell Rogers, of Ferrisburgh, Vt By her he had a faraily of six children — Sarah J., Truman J., Henry, Chase, ¦Gordon, Azelia, and John. His second wife was Mrs. Meader, widow of Elijah Meader, to whom he was married in 1870. She was formerly Abigail Colby, and was born in Ware, New Hampshire. Her first husband, Elijah Meader, was born on September 13, 1802. Clifford, Herbert W., Monkton, Monkton Ridge p. o., was born in Starksboro, Vt, in 1862. He is a general merchant at Monkton Ridge, and settled here in March, 1885, dealing in a fuU line of goods of all descriptions. He was married in 1883 to Elsie L. Ray, of Monkton, Vt. They have had one daughter born to them, Carrie. Elsie (Ray) Clifford was a daughter of Byron and Carrie V. Ray. Herbert W. Clifford was a son of Richard and Clarinda (HiU) Clif ford, of Starksboro, Vt Richard is a son of Ebenezer Clifford, who was born in New Hamp shire, and was a very early settler in Starksboro, Vt Clark, Howard 2d, Lincoln, was bom in Bristol, Vt., on October 29, 1837, and was married on December 29, 1863, to Lois Sargent, a daughter of Daniel H. Sargent, of the town of Lincoln, Vt. Howard Clark was deputy sheriff of Addison county for fifteen years, was elected high sheriff in 1884, has been a constable for twenty-four years, represented his town in the Legis lature in 1869 and 1870, was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1870, and has held •almost all of the offices of his town. Clark, John, Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was born in 1843. He was married on September 31, 1868, to Maria Gordon, of Vergennes, Vt. They have had one child born to them, NeUie. Maria was a daughter of Dudley Gordon, of Vergennes, Vt John Clark was a son of William and Nancy (McKinney) Clark, who were born and raarried in Ireland, and with one child came to Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1831. William died on October 28, 1883, and his wife, Nancy, died on .September 28, 1885, aged eighty-six years. They had a family of six children, of whom John is the only one now living. Clark, Julius I., Addison, was born in Addison, Addison county, Vt, on July 25, 1836. His parents were Isaiah and Harriette (Stickle) Clark. Isaiah was born in Addison in 1800. His iather, Isaiah, sr., was an early settler in Addison, and settled on the farra now owned by Byron •Sraith. He was a large land owner and a successful raan ; kept a hotel for many years. Isaiah, jr., lived on the sarae place and raised a faraily of eleven children to maturity, eight of whom a.re now living. He was a prominent man of his town, and filled many of the town offices. He died in AprU, 1873, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. Julius I. was educated in the com mon schools and brought up on the farm, where he remained until he was married on January 1, 1861, to Aray B. Sraith, who was a daughter of Truman T. Smith. After his marriage he resided for three years in New Haven. At the end of three years he retired to Addison, and conducted the raanageraent of the Luther farra for sixteen years. He purchased the Arunah Warner farm in 1880, and settled there in 1881. He is a successful farmer and apiarist He was constable and collector of the town for two years. They have two chUdren, one son and ¦one daughter ; Arthur T. was born on December 13, 1863, and Dora U. was born on December 'S, 1868. Both of them are at home. Cady, Gardner C", Middlebury, was born in New Haven, Addison county, Vt, on AprU 26, 1823. His parents were Isaac and Mary (Winter) Cady. Isaac Cady was a native of .Stafford, Conn., and was born in 1777. He was married in Connecticut, and came to Addison county, Vt., in 1799 and settled in that town, and cleared a place there. He afterwards moved to Windsor, Windsor county, Vt., and resided there for six years, engaged in farming and the following of his trade, that of moulder, after which he returned to New Haven, Vt, where he resided until coming to Middlebury, Vt, in 1846. He had a faraily of eight daughters and seven sons, of whom four daughters and two sons are now living. He died in Middlebury, Ad dison county, Vt., on September 30, 1850. . Gardner C. Cady was educated in the common schools, and also at the academy at Poultney, Vt. He was brought up to farraing, and re mained at horae until March 6, 1844, when he was married to Eliza L. Everts, who was a .daughter of Martin Everts. His grandfather, John Everts, was a pioneer of Addison county, xii History of Addison County. Vt., his name appearing first on the original grant of the town of Middlebury, Vt. His eon, GUbert Everts, settled in Salisbury, Vt., where he lived thegreater part of his life. His oldest son, Martin Everts, upon reaching manhood settled on the place now the home of G. C. Cady, about 1794. He cleared the place, and put a log cabin upon it He was married twice, his^ second wife being Electa (Noble) Foote. They had three children born to them, two of whom are now living — George M. (now of Battle Creek, Mich.) and Mrs. G. C. Cady. Caldwell, Gilman, Bristol, was born in the town of Ware, N. H., on August 26, 1812. He was a son of Isaac J. and Sarah (Richards) CaldweU. His father was one of the prominent inen of the town of Ware, N. H., and was a son of James Caldwell, who was a Revolutionary patriot, participating in the battles of Bunker HiU and Bennington, and was a resident of New Boston, N. H. Gilman's parents settied in Lincoln, Vt, about 1839. He has been engaged in the raanufacture of shingles, and also in the lumber business in general. He made the first clapboards and shingles which were ever manufactured in Lincoln, Vt. He settled in Bristol, Vt., in 1871. He was married on January 17, 1841, to Harriet Goodnow, a daughter of Levi and Clarissa (Wheeler) Goodnow, who were natives of Salisbury, Mass. Harriet was born in Peacham, Washington county, Vt., on March 28, 1819. Their chUdren were Alma J. (bom on September 6, 1842, now Mrs. Jesse Ridley, of Bristol, Vt ; she has a family of four children), Josephine (bom on June 3, 1845, now Mrs. Milo Varney), and Mary B. (born on May 18, 1848, now at home with her parents). Campeau, Reverend Father P. A., Vergennes, was born in Montreal, Canada, in 1839 ; was educated as a priest and ordained at Paris, France, in 1866, and in 1867 he settled in Montreal. He came to Vergennes, Vt, in 1884, where he is now engaged in completing the church, and erecting a parsonage and a school-house. Clark, Warren D., Addison, was born in Addison, Addison county, Vt., on August 27, 1836. He was educated in the common schools of Addison, and after finishing his education he en gaged in farming at his home. On July 16, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, Eleventh Vermont Regiment, and afterwards was in Battery B, First ArtUlery, and at Washington was assigned to guard duty. He went to the front under General Grant, and was at Spottsylvania, Cold Har bor, Petersburg, Stroudsburg, Winchester, Cedar Creek, and was with the Army of the Poto mac at the surrender of Lee. He served until the close of the war ; was mustered out at Bai ley's Cross Roads in June, 1865, but soon after returned to civU life and located in his present home, and engaged in farming and stock raising. He has never desired public office. He was married on July 4, 1861, to Huldah Barber, who was a daughter of Joseph S. Barber, who was a well-known resident of Addison. They have a family of three children — Bertha S., who married Arthur G. Putnam ; Martha B., and Howard W., who are at home. Mr. Clark now occupies the old home, which he repaired in 1877. His parents were Asahel and Polly (Warren) Clark, who were natives of Connecticut Asahel carae at an early day with his father to Addison county. Asahel settied on the place (now the home of his son), where he spent the latter part of his life. He died on April 14, 1859, leaving a family of eight chUdren, four of whom are now Uving. Clark, Mrs. Wealtha, Addison, was born in Addison, Addison county, Vt, on August 11, 1826. She was a daughter of George and Susan (Spencer) WiUmarth. She was married in 1850 to EUiott Clark, who was born in Addison, Vt, on February 26, 1818. He was a son of Ashel and Hannah CTower) Clark. He was a farmer by occupation, and after his marriage re sided for a time in the eastern part of the town, about fifteen years. They purchased the place on which Mrs. Clark now resides in 1872, having sold their Dead Creek farm in 1870, and in 1872 they purchased the farra on Otter Creek, which is now the present horae of Mrs. Clark. It was forraerly the old Rider place, and consists of one hundred and forty-five acres. Mrs. Clark has had one daughter born to her, Lucy (now Mrs. David B. Miller). Mr. Clark died on De cember 1, 1879, after a long and successful business life. The farm is now conducted by Mrs. Clark's son-in-law, Mr. Miller. Mrs. MUler was born on September 27, 1850, and her husband was born on November 4, 1840. They were married on April 2, 1878, and have had one son and one daughter born to them. Cloyes, PhUip B., Middlebury, was born in Salisbury, Vt., on September 15, 1838. He was a son of Elijah and Maria (Beach) Cloyes. Elijah Cloyes was born in Shrewsbury, Mass., in December, 1797, and came to Addison county, Vt, in 1802, settling in Salisbury, Vt. He mar ried a daughter of PhUip Beach. He was a resident of Salisbury, Vt., for forty years ; was se lectman and justice of the peace for many years. He had a family of eight children, seven of Whom are now living. Elijah Cloyes died in February, 1874. His son, PhiUp B. Cloyes, was educated in the common schools and also at the seminary at Brandon, Vt.; was brought up to farming on the home place until twenty-one years of age, and for two years following he trav eled for a Rutland marble firm. After this he taught school for several terms, and then for two years he engaged in the buying and seUing of blooded sheep. He was married in 1863 to Jen- Brief Personals. xiii nie E. Smead, of Salisbury, Vt. They have had two sons born to thera — Fred D. (born on September 26, 1873) and Dennie P. (born on December 6, 1874). After his marriage Mr. Cloyes purchased the home place in Salisbury, Vt, and conducted the same for years. He was a resi dent of Kansas for one year, and was also a resident of Cambridge, Mass., for about nine years in grocery and provision in Cambridge, Mass., untU 1877, when he settied in Addison county, Vt, and purchased the old deacon Spencer residence. He now owns about one hundred and forty acres of land in Middlebury and Salisbury, Vt Cobb, George W., Weybridge, was bom in the town of Starksboro, Addison county, Vt., September 9, 1844. His parents were Harvey and Amanda (Bryant) Cobb. George Cobb was educated in the common schools; enlisted in June, 1862, in Company F, Ninth Verraont Vol unteers. During the engageraent at Harper's Ferry he was in the hospital at Winchester, Va., suffering from sunstroke, and while there was taken prisoner ; when able -was paroled and sent north through the rebel Unes to Camp ChaSe, Columbus, 0., where he had a relapse of fever, and was discharged from the service ; returned horae supposing that he had entirely recovered. He re-enlisted in Company C, same regiment, in the faU of 1863 ; was at the battie of New port Barracks, N. C; then went to Virginia ; was at the front of Richraond, and the battie of Chapin's Farm, Va., soon after, when he was again prostrated with disease, and sent to the hos pital, where he remained during the winter, when he was sent to Brattleboro, Vt, where he was discharged in March, 1865. He returned to civU life, and was a resident of Huntington for two years, and whUe there was married on June 10, 1866, to Jennie H. Sarapson, who was a daughter of Jonathan and Polly (Frost) Sampson. To this marriage were born two chUdren — Bert H. (born Deceraber 29, 1867, and died- on October 2, 1885) and Willie G. (died in infancy). Mrs. Cobb died on October 19, 1871. Mr. Cobb raarried his second wife, Mary A. Sampson, January 13, 1873. They have had one son born to them, Willie E. (born October 4, 1875). Mr. Cobb came to Weybridge in the spring of 1869 and engaged in peddUng various articles of miscellaneous merchandise for nine years. In July, 1881, he engaged in the manufacture of Champaigne's champion cough remedy, and Adirondack pain rehef, and other medicines, and has the sole right of sale in the State of Vermont He does quite an extensive business. Colby, Jonathan (deceased), Lincoln, was bom in the town of Deering, N. H. He came from Ware, N. H., to Lincoln, Vt, in 1839 ; bought fifty acres of land in the southern part of Lincoln, Vt., which are now owned by Chester Binghara. He was a carpenter and joiner by trade, a business which he followed for some time after settling in Lincoln, Vt He died in 1846. His wife was Hannah Wilson, a daughter of Robert and Rebecca WUson, natives of New Boston, N. H. They had a family of six children born to them — Daniel S. (deceased), EUza J. (now Mrs. John EUiott, of Burlington, Vt.), Hannah L. (married James A. Heath, of Rutiand, Vt.), Stephen N. (born on February 4, 1822) ; came from Tewksbury, Mass., in 1841, without money. After a few years he purchased a farm of fifty acres and then engaged in farming. He was married on December 8, 1842, to Lydia A. Colby, a daughter of Joseph Colby, and by her has had a faraUy of three children — Cleora L. (now Mrs. WUliam Hoag, of Lincoln, Vt), Irving A., and Nettie A., who is now at home. Mr. Colby represented his town in the Legislature in 1867 and 1868 ; was seleotraan for several years during the war ; has been jus tice of the peace for many years since 1851, and aU the time, with the exception of four years, since 1860. His son, Irving A. Colby, was bom on AprU 28, 1845, on the old fifty-acre home stead. He was married on AprU 28, 1868, to Elizabeth S. Elliott, a daughter of Zira EUiott They have had one daughter born to them, Mabel, and one daughter dead, Angle. Mr. Colby has held the office of second selectman of his town. His farm consists of two hundred acres. Colby, Joseph (deceased), Lincoln, from whom descends a numerous family, was born in Ware, N. H., on August 14, 1787. He settled in South Lincoln, Vt., in 1827, on the present home of Henry Clay, taking up about 150 acres. His wife was Lydia Gove, who was born in March, 1786; she was a daughter of Stephen Gove. Joseph Colby had a family of nine chU dren born to him — Rodney G. (born on December 21, 1808, and died on March 6, 1855), Fan nie (born on September 11, 1810, now Mrs. Simeon Palmer, of Lincoln, Vt), Page (born on July 5, 1812; is now a resident of Bristol, Vt), AbigaU (bora on June 21, 1816, now Mrs. Nel son Chase, of Lincoln, Vt), Stephen G. (born on July 31, 1814, of Lincoln, Vt.), Louise (de ceased; was born on May 12, 1818; raarried Esquire Gove), Mary A. (bom on August 7, 1826; died on February 15, 1828), Edmund G. (born on January 24, 1822), Lydia A. (now Mrs. Stephen Colby ; was born on April 6, 1824), Moses G. (born on August 24, 1827, died on AprU 30, 1828), Milo (born on March 13, 1829, died on March 22, 1859). Mr. Joseph Colby died on October 10, 1855, and his wife, Lydia, died on June 10, 1862. Their son Edward G., one of the prominent farmers of Lincoln, Vt., married Hannah Farr. a daughter of Jesse B. and Hannah Farr, 6i Bristol, Vt She was born on September 28, 1831. Their chUdren are Harvey G, Al son B., Emma (now Mrs. Louis Bain), Addie E., one infant who died at an early age, and Julia B., now at home. xiv History of Addison County. Collins, Elvin M., Monkton, Monkton Ridge p. o., was born in Monkton, Vt, in February, 1850. He was a son of George H. and Rebecca U. (Bates) Collins. Rebecca was a daughter of Miles B. and Abigail (Winchell) Bates, and was born in Monkton, Vt., on Decem ber 12, 1825. George H., her husband, was bom in Monkton in 1881, and died in 1880. They were raarried in Monkton, Vt, 1843, and had a faraily of three children born to them — Julia R. (now Mrs. William Gage ; she was married in 1871, and they have had one son bora to them, Charles W.; her husband, WiUiara Gage, died in 1873), Charles H. (who married EUa Newton), and Elwin M. (was married in 1879 to Addie M. Partch). George H. Collins was twice married. His first wife was Julia M. Ladd, to whom he was married on January 7, 1841. She died on June 23, 1842. She was the daughter of Ira and Polly (Smith) Ladd, of Monkton, Vt. They had one son born to them, George E., who at the commencement ofthe war enUsted in Company B, Eleventh Vermont Volunteers, enlisted as infantry on September 1, 1862 ; was transferred to heavy artillery on December 13, 1862 ; served for three years, after which he re ceived an honorable discharge ; lived one year after his return home, and died on October 7, 1866, aged twenty-four years. George H. Collins was for many years one of the leading men of his town, and held many of the offices; was selectman, lister, collector, constable for a num ber of terms, and also a prominent farmer. He was a son of Alson and Jerusha (Hardy) Col lins. Alson was a son of Daniel and Sarah (Smith) Collins. Daniel was born in 1772, and he, with his parents, were early settlers in Monkton, Vt, coraing there from Massachusetts. Collins, John P., Monkton, Monkton Ridge p. o., was born in 1856. Hewas a son of Jamea and Abigail M. (Wentworth) Collins. She was born in Starksboro, Vt, and he was born in 1820. 'They were raarried in 1848. He died in November, 1876, leaving a family of nine children and a widow — Delia, Celia, Guy, Martha, John P., Lemira (who was a teacher ; died in 1884, aged twenty-four years), Harriet, Amanda, and Alson. James Collins was a son of" Alson and Jerusha (Hardy) Collins, who were born and died in Monkton, Vt. Alson was a son of Daniel and Sarah (Smith) Collins. Daniel was born in 1772, and settled in Monkton, Vt, with his parents at a very early day ; his parents being araong the first settlers. Collins, Lewis L., Monkton, Monkton Ridge p. o., was born in Monkton, Vt, in 1832. He represented his town in the Legislature in 18'78 and 1879 ; has served as lister and selectman for three years ; also has held the office of justice of tbe peace, and raany other minor offices of the town. He is a general farmer, and was married in 1860 to Louise Nye, of Monkton, Vt. They have had one daughter born to them. Alma, who was married in 1881 to J. R. Dean. They have had one son born to thera, Lewis J. Lewis L. was a son of Franklin and Caroline (Sraith) CoUins. Franklin died in 1871, aged sixty-five years, and his wife died on March 9,. 1885, leaving a famUy of four children — Loyd S., Lewis L., Jane A., and EUen L. Cotey, Louis C, Vergennes, was born in Lower Canada in 1851. He settled in Vergennes, Vt., in 1867 ; worked at his trade, and in 1884 he engaged in the manufacture of sash, bUnds, and general job house-building supplies, and also building by contract. They are now doing- business under the firm name of Alden & Cotey. He was married in 1877 to Florence Adams, of St. Charles, Province of Quebec, Canada. They have had two children born to them — Willie and Lorena. Louis C. Cotey was a son of Joseph and Matilda (Hart) Cotey, who were natives of Canada, where they died at St Valentine, leaving a family of nine children, but three of whom are now living — Joseph, jr., Louis C, and George. Coursey, jr., Garrett, Panton, Vergennes p. o., was born in Ireland in 1822. He was mar ried in 1856 to Catherine Butler. They have had a famUy of eight chUdren born to thera, of" whora only two are now living, Edwin and Margaret (who was married to John O'Donnell). Garrett, jr., was a son of Garrett, sh, and Margaret (Ring) Coursey, who were married in Ire land. Four of their children came to America and settled in Addison county, Vt, and in 1852 Garrett and Margaret, with their other two chUdren, came to Verraont by way of Montreal, and settled in Monkton, Vt., after which they settled in Ferrisburgh, where they remained until 1861, when they settled in Panton, Vt Garrett Coursey, sr., died in 1868, and his wife, Mar garet, died in 1884. Cowley, Charles T., Weybridge, was born in St. Albans, Vt, on July 26, 1844. His parents- were John and Mary (Tier) Cowley. John was educated in the coraraon sohools, and brought. up to farming, remaining at home untU August 25, 1862, when he enlisted in the First Verraont Cavalry, and participated in all of the skirraish engagements up to the last day of the fight at Gettysburg, when he was wounded and taken prisoner by the rebels, and on July 4 was pa roled and sent to Bedloe's Island, then to Newark, N. J., and last to Burlington, where he was discharged. He came to Weybridge, Vt, in 1864, and entered the employ of PhUo Jewett, where he remained until his marriage, which occurred on March 30, 1870. His wife was Emily Jane Wilkins, and they have two children, John A. (born November 19, 1871) and Frankie L. (born November 23, 1873). After marriage he resided for eight years on the Sylvester Foot. farm, and has since been a resident of this town. Brief Personals. xv Cox, Eugene G., Monkton, was born in Monkton, Vt., in 1852. He was raarried in 1871 to Electa Wilson, of St Lawrence county, N. Y. They have had four children born to thera — Mary M., Henry C, Merritt P., and Sarah B. Eugene G. is a son of George B. and MariUa (Beaman) Cox. She was born in New Haven, Vt, in 1823, and he was born in Monkton, Vt, in 1820. They were raarried in 1844, and have had two sons born to thera, Henry (who died when about three years old) and Eugene G. George B. has been selectman justice of the peace, and held most of the town offices. He was a son of Jaraes and Mary Cox, who were born and married on Long Island, and settled in Monkton, Vt., in 1810. James was born in 1774, and his -wife, Mary (Peeks) Cox, was born in 1777. They were married in 1801, and had a family of eight chUdren born to thera, four of whom are now living — Daniel, Benjamin, George B., and Martha A. James Cox was a tailor, and for a number of years after settling here was the only one within twenty miles of the town. Cram, Harvey F. (physician and surgeon), Ferrisburgh, was born in the town of Ferris burgh, Vt., in 1833. He was graduated frora the Burlington University in 1853, and from the BurUngton Medical College in 1858, after which he spent two years in the Kings County Hos pital, New York. He settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in the practice of his profession in 1860. He also carries on a large farm interest in connection with his extensive practice. He represented his town in the Legislature in 1874 and 1875. He was a son of Dr. Jonathan and Fanny (Tup per) Cram. She was born in Bennington, Vt., in 1796. He was born in New Hampshire, and was a graduate of Dartmouth College, also a graduate of the medical departraent of that insti tution. He settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in the practice of his profession, where he died in Sep teraber, 1861. His wife died in 1862, leaving two sons, Henry Martin and Harvey P. Cronk, Albert W., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was bora in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1836. He is a farmer and now owns and occupies a part of the old horaestead which was pur chased by his father in 1820. He also owns and carries on several acres of land in the town of Monkton. He was married in February, 1806, to Charlotte B. BaU, of Essex county, N. Y. They have had a family of five children born to them — Sarah EUa (now a student at Poultney, Vt), Frances Helen, Charles Albert, Clarence P. (deceased), and George Howard. Albert W. Cronk was a son of Peter and Sarah (Mead) Cronk. Curler, Aaron, Panton, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, on August 30, 1802. He is one of the representative men of his town, and has raade his Ufe a financial success, starting in business life poor. He now resides on the old homestead, which was purchased in 1837. He was mar ried twice ; his first wife was Catherine Newton, of Ferrisburgh, Vt, a daughter of Charles Newton. They had a faraily of two children born to them — Louisa (now Mrs. Madison Con verse) and Catherine (now Mrs. Hector H. Mather). Aaron married for his second wife Cath erine Gardner (a daughter of Phineas Gardner, of Panton, Vt) in 1835. She died on August 5, 1878, leaving two children. William W. married Mary Spaulding. They have had one son bom to them, and Annetta (now Mrs. Edrich Adams). Aaron was a son of Jacob and Rachel (Curler) Van Curler. Rachel was born in Salem, N. Y. Jacob was born in Hoosick, N. Y. They set tled in this county about 1792. They had a family of five chUdren born to them (of whom Aaron is the only one now living) — Benjamin, Hiram, Esther, Polly and Aaron. Cushman, A. J. (doctor), Lincoln, was born in the town of Georgia, Franklin county, Vt., on May 21, 1843. His father, Francis Cushman, was a school teacher in Franklin county and also at the University of Vermont In later life he engaged in the mercantile business. His wife was Amelia Brown, by whom he had a faraily of seven children, of whora A. J. is the third youngest. Dr. Cushman came to Lincoln, Vt., in 1859. He is a blacksmith by trade. He enlisted in Company A, Sixth Vermont Volunteers, infantry company, and served three years. The last two years he served in the hospital as steward. He was in the Sixth Corps, Army of the Potomac, and took part in over fifty engageraents. He was wounded in the hip at the bat tle of Savage Station, and is now a pensioner. He studied medicine at .spare times for several years, and more especially since 1875. He entered the medical department of the University of Vermont in 1881 and attended lectures. He now receives a large patronage. He has been married twice. His first wife was AmeUa Hood, a daughter of B. P. Hood, of Bristol, Vt., and by her had one son, Arthur, now a student at Middlebury College. Araelia died in 1872. He then raarried for his second wife EUa Stone, a daughter of Benjarain Stone, and by her has had a family of three children — Winnifred, Vevion, and Dora. Day, Milo B., Middlebury, was born in Middlebury, Addison county, Vt, on the second day of August, 1834. His parents were MUo K. and Persis (Murray) Day. Milo K. came to Ad dison county, Vt, and settled in Middlebury with his father, Reuben Day, in 1813. He was a tearaster, and early in life, after learning the trade of jeweler, carae to Bast Middlebury, Vt., and opened a general store there for three or four years. He then went to Ripton, Vt., and en gaged in the lumbering and saw-mill business, and while there he was selectman, town repre sentative, and constable. He returned to East Middlebury, Vt., about 1875 and purchased the xvi History of Addison County. store property now owned by his son, MUo E., and continued the general merchant business until the time of his death, which occurred on March 6, 1877. Milo E. Day was educated in the common schools. He assisted his father in the saw-miU, and also in the raercantile busi ness, and has carried on the business since the death of his father. He was married in April, 1854, to Lydia Bailey. They have had seven children born to them, six of whom are now Uv ing — three daughters and three sons. Hewas a selectman of Salisbury while a resident there. He is a self-made man, having no start whatever in life. Daniels, Alexander, Middlebury, was born in Lower Canada on October 16, 1822. His par ents were Alexander and Mary CTreudeau) Daniels. He was educated in the schools at Can ada, and when twelve years old he came to the States and settled in Peru, N. Y., and en gaged in farraing ; went to school in winters ; remained there until 1839, when he came to Mid dlebury and was engaged in farming there for two years. He served an apprenticeship of three years, learning the paper-making business with Solomon Parker, and foUowed this occupation for thirty-three years. He was married on September 5, 1841, to Harriette Gee. They have had eleven children born to them. He has, since giving up the paper trade, engaged in various pursuits, his latest being that of book agent, in which he has been very successful. He occu pies a handsome place of two acres in the viUage. Dewey, Homer W., Middlebury, was born in Whiting, Addison county, Vt, on May 10, 1828. His parents were Truman and Elizabeth (Pratt) Dewey. Truraan Dewey was born in Connecticut, and came to Addison county, Vt, with his mother and her family about 1785, settling in "West Salisbury, Vt, and cleared a place there. He was a farmer and Uved in vari ous towns, and was a justice of the peace for many years. He had a family of two daughters and six sons, five of whom are now living. He died on April 1, 1864. Homer W. Dewey was educated in the common schools and received a fair education, and was brought up to farraing at home until he reached the age of twenty-one years, when he learned the painter's trade, a trade which he has followed ever since. He was married on March 20, 1857, to Eliza A. Woodcock, a daughter of Almon Woodcock, of Salisbury, Vt They have had two children, one daughter and one son — Clara (now Mrs. Arthur Peacock, a resident of Waterford, Wis.) and Earnest T. (who resides with his parents). Mr. Dewey came to East Middlebury in the spring of 1874, where he has since resided. He is one of the prorainent men of his town. Dewey, Noble S., Middlebury, was born in Middlebury, Addison county, Vt, in February, 1835. His parents were Enoch and SaUie (Cushman) Dewey. He was educated in the com mon schools, and brought up to farraing, remaining at home until becoraing of age, when he went to New York city, where he engaged in the wall paper and window curtain business with his brother, J. E. Dewey, and remained there until 1882, when he settled on the place formerly the home of his father, Enoch Dewey. He engaged in farming seventy-five acres in addition to the home place, and also the former Leland place of 135 acres. He occupies a residence which was buUt by his father as early as 1810. He was raarried on AprU 2, 1861, to Alice I. Leland, who was a daughter of P. A. and B. J. Leland. F. A. Leland is now Uving and is in his seventy-fourth year. They have had six children born to thera, of whom three are now Uving, two daughters and one son — Carrie L., Robert A., and Florence E. Mr. Dewey is a self-made man and a very prosperous citizen. Dean Frederick H., Monkton, was born in Monkton, Vt, in'1850. He was brought up to farming, but in 1879 he embarked in the general merchandise business as a successor to Hon. Harrison 0. Smith, of Monkton Borough, "Vt He was appointed postmaster in 1879, and town clerk frora 1878. He was married on November 30, 1875, to Halcyone Adele Smith (a daugh ter of Hon. Harrison 0. and Melissa (Cooke) Smith. Frederick H. Dean was a son of Carlton S. and Celestia (French) Dean. Carlton represented his town in 1862 and 1863, and in early life was a hotel proprietor, and later a farmer. He died in 1880, aged sixty-seven years. His wife Celestia. died in 1874, aged fifty-four years. They had a family of five children born to them — Casper H., Carlton S., Frederick H., Amanda J., and Helen C. Frederick H. Dean has been elected to represent the town of Monkton, Vt, in the Legislature at Montpeher this faU. Dean, Franklin H., CornwaU, was born in Monkton, Addison county, Vt., on July 9, 1810, and was a son of Ashbell and Rachel (Barnum) Dean. Ashbell was born in New Jersey in 1775 and when fourteen years of age was present with his father at the battle of Bennington. He came to Monkton, Addison County, Vt., when a young man and cleared a place there, and afterwards purchased the Barnura place, where he spent the latter part of his days.' He had a family of ten children, two of whom are now living — FrankUn H. and Sylvia (now Mrs. Will iam Meech, of Missouri Valley, Iowa). Mr. Dean was a successful farmer and at the time of his death, which occurred in 1824, he owned between 500 and 600 acres of land. Franklin H. Dean was educated in the public schools and brought up to farming, and remained with his mother untU 1832, when he married Tamer Field, of Ferrisburgh, Vt. One son and two Brief Personals. xvii daughters were bom to them, all of whom are now living. The son is a weU-known citizen of Cornwall, Vt Mrs. Dean died in 1844. Mr. Dean came to CornwaU in the spring of 1838 and purchased the place where he still resides, and which was formerly the CogsweU place, consist ing of 160 acres ; he now owns in aU about 250 acres of fine land. He built his fine residence in 1859. He married his second wife, Harriette Murray (who was a daughter of Jonathan and Roselande Murray), on June 29, 1845. They have had one daughter, Sarah C. (now Mrs. Sarah C. Bingham), who resides at home with her parents. Mr. Dean was Uster of the town one term. He had a smaU start in life, but has prospered mainly by his own efforts. Dean, Thaddeus N., Monkton, was born in Monkton, Vt., in 1816. He was married in 1842 to Phydelia Alford, of Malone, Franklin county, N. Y. They have had two children bom to them : one son died when sixteen years of age and the other died in infancy. Thaddeus N. Dean was a son of Charles and Loretta (Munson) Dean. Loretta was born in Manchester, Vt., on September 4, 1786, and died in 1843. Charles was born in North Caanan, Conn., and died in 1861. He was a carpenter and buUder and settled in Starksboro, Vt., in 1794 with his parents, and came to Monkton, Vt, in 1800. He has built several churches and prominent buildings in the county. He was a son of Nathaniel and AbigaU (Holcomb) Dean. They died in Monkton, Vt Nathaniel was in the War of 1812, and died in 1813. Dean, WiUiam M., Monkton, was born in Monkton, Vt, in 1860. He is a general farmer, and was elected Uster of the town in 1885. He was married in November, 1884, to Abie M. Palraer, a daughter of James and Lucinda (Martin) Palraer. WiUiam M. is a son of Marion and Loretta (FuUer) Dean. She was born in 1835 and Marion H. was born in 1833. They were married in 1854 and have had a family of four children — Ashbel A. (born in 1857), William M. (born in 1860), and Lewis P. (bom in 1862). Ashbel A. was a graduate of the New York State Medical CoUege in 1878, when he settled in Bristol, Vt., and now is a prominent physi cian and surgeon there. Marion H. was a prominent man in his town and has held many of the town offices. He is a son of Ashbel and Polly (Bears) Dean, who were born and married in Monkton, Vt He was born in 181 0 and she was born in 1815. They were married in 1835 and have had but one son born to them — Marion H. Loretta was a daughter of Gideon and Eleanor (Luce) Fuller, of Ferrisburgh, Vt. Ashbel was a son of Harry and AuriUa (Peck) Dean, who were born in Monkton, Vt., and had a family of three children bom to them, two of whom are now living, Ashbel and Rebecca. Harry was a son of Ashbel and Rachel (Bar num) Dean, who were natives of Dutchess county, N. Y., and settled in Vermont at the close of the Revolutionary War. Ashbel was a captain in Washington's army. They had a family of four sons and five daughters born to them. Ashbel was a son of Moses Dean, who was born in England and died in Monkton, Vt., where he settled at an early day. Dike, Ezra C, Bristol, was born in Bolton, Vt., on April 4, 1837. He went into business for himself as a merchant in February, 1869, as a partner in the firm of Dike, Bixbee & Co., who were then general hardware merchants. He was married twice. His first wife was Lucy Rood, by whom he had one child, Bertha L. His second wife was Sarah Needham, a daughter of "WiUiara and Mary Needham. She was a granddaughter of Dr. Joseph Needham, of Bristol, Vt. Dike, J. B., Bristol, was bom in Milton, Chittenden county, Vt, on August 24, 1808. His parents were Jonathan, jr., and Sally (Caswell) Dike. Jonathan, jr., was a son of Jonathan, sr., who was a resident of the town of Milton, Vt, for many vears. Jonathan, jr., had a faraUy of three children — David 0. (bom October 16, 1802, in Milton, Vt), Sally 0. (bom August 22, 1885). Jonathan B. resided in Starksboro, Vt., for about two years. He came to reside in Bristol, Vt, in 1851. He was married in September, 1832, to Mary M. Leet, of Clairmount, N. H. She died in June, 1833. He then raarried his second wife, Marilda Reraington, on May 1, 1834. She died Septeraber 1, 1882. His present wife is the widow of the late W. Nor ton. She was a daughter of Daniel Peake. Mr. Dike was a constable and collector at Hunt ington, Vt, for two years, and has been grand juror and poor-raaster in 1870 and 1871, and also a member of the Legislature from Bristol, Vt. He has always been alive to the development and growth of his locality and has always been prorainent in all matters pertaining to the cause of education. Dodge, Lucius Bradley, Weybridge, was born in Weybridge, Addison county, Vt, on Febru ary 26, 1839. His parents were J. R. and Vesta (White) Dodge. J. R. Dodge was born in Weybridge, Vt, on February 12, 1808, and upon reaching raanhood, in corapany with his brother, purchased the farms now owned by L. B. D. and Daniel WUkins. After his marriage he settled on a portion of this place and remained there the reraainder of his days. He had two children — one son and a daughter, Martha F. (now. Mrs. Henry B. Jacobs) and L. B. D. He was selectman for several years, and also a justice of the peace. He died on December 30, 1883. His wife died in May, 1877. Lucius Bradley Dodge was educated in the common and select schools in Weybridge, Vt; was married on December 24, 1861, to Martha A. Wright, a daugh ter of Caleb Wright, a well-known resident of New Haven, Vt They have three sons — Charles 50 xviii History of Addison County. Wright (born January 31, 1867), Albert Grant (February 21, 1869), and John B. Rice (born June 18, 1871). The two younger chUdren are pupils at the Weybridge select school. He was selectman of the town for four consecutive years; was first selectman of the town in 1884. He is a successful farmer and fine-wool sheep and stock raiser, owns 270 acres, and occupies a residence which was built by J. R. and Sardis Dodge some fifty-five or more years ago. Donnelly, John H., Vergennes, was born in Clinton county, N. Y., in 1855. He was edu cated in Ontario College, and commenced his business life as a merchant tailor in Vergennes, Vt, in 1878, where he enjoys the popular trade of the town. He has his place of business on Main street and gives employraent to from fifteen to twenty hands. He was elected alderman in 1885, and has been one of the city poUce. John H. DonneUy was a son of Thomas and Mary (McDonnold) Donnelly, who were natives of Limerick, Ireland, where they were married. They settied in KeeseviUe, N. Y., in 1852, and came to Vergennes, Vt, in 1870. They have a family of six children — three sons and three daughters. Doten, Julius H., Monkton, was born on August 17, 1845, at Monkton, Vt. He is a farmer; has been selectman, justice of the peace, and lister. He is now a music professor and dealer in music and musical instmraents. He is a gifted professor and performer on the violin. He was married in 1866 to Loretta D. Scott, who was born in Ellsworth, Ohio, in 1844. They have had two children born to them — Emily M. and Ryland B. (born in 1881). Emily died in 188- aged twelve years. Julius H. Doten was a son of Ryland and Emily (Chamberlin) Doten. She was born in Monkton, Vt, in 1815, and he was born in Monkton, Vt, in 1812, and died in 1881, leaving a widow and one son. He held many of the town offices, being selectman, lister, etc. He was a son of Isaac, jr., and Artemesia (FoUett) Doten, who were born, married, and died in Monkton, Vt They had a family of four children born to them. One daughter is now living — Clarinda, who resides in Derby, Vt. Isaac, jr., served in the War of 1812. He was a bloomer, and died in 1865. He became a farmer in later life on the settlement of his father, which was given him by the government. Dunshee, Charles C, Bristol, was born on November 20, 1826, in the viUage of Bristol, Vt He was a son of WiUiam and Almeda (Turner) Dunshee. He was married on March 29, 1862, to Mrs. Martha Barnes, a widow of Mr. Barnes, of Ferrisburgh, Vt. They have had one daugh ter born to them — Hattie, bom on February 15, 1866. The homestead farm now consists of about eighty-five acres. Elmer, Chester, Middlebury, was born in Addison, Addison county, Vt., on January 13, 1812. His parents were Chester and Huldah (Fisher) Elmer. Chester Elmer, sr., with his father, Elijah Elmer (who was a native of Massachusetts), came with his family to the town of Addison, in 1802, and bought a farm which is stiU owned by his descendants. He died on May 5, 1804. His son, Chester, jr., cleared up the place, and built a brick house which still stands on the place. He was a successful farraer, and had a family of seven children, five of whom are now living. He died in Middlebury, Vt., on October 31, 1870. Chester E., jr.', was educated in the common schools until he reached the age of fifteen years ; worked on the home place until he reached his twenty-first year, when he settled on a place in the same town, and which was owned by his father. He was raarried in 1831 to Eliza M. Parker, of New Haven, Addison county, Vt She died in February, 1873. He resided in this same place for twenty-four years, having pur chased the same frora his father. He came to Middlebury, Addison county, Vt, in March, 1856. He was married the second time in September, 1873, to Mrs. Electa A. Wales, a daughter of Samuel Wright, a weU-known resident of the town of Weybridge. She was bom on October 23, 1815. He is a prosperous and influential citizen. Fairbanks, W. G., Vergennes, was born in Sterling, Mass., in 1840. He was reared as a farmer's son, but devoted a great deal of his time to his books, and became a graduate of the Bridgewater Normal School in 1860, after which he becarae a teacher at the Farra School, Thorapson Island, Boston Harbor, and in 1861 became principal of the Reform School of Massa chusetts, at Westborough, Mass., and in 1869 was made general superintendent of the Ver mont State Reform School, now located at Vergennes, Vt. He was married in 1863 to Margie B. Lefler, who was born at Hingham, Mass., and was a graduate of the Bridgewater Normal School in 1860, in the same class with her husband. She taught in the West Berry Reform School for four years, and is now matron of the Vermont Reform School. Mr. and Mrs. Fair banks have a faraily of one son, WiUiam B., and one adopted daughter, Mabel S. Fairbanks. W. C. Fairbanks was a son of Ephraira Fairbanks. Farnsworth, Aaron A., New Haven, was born in New Haven, Addison county, Vt, on March 15, 1818 ; is a farraer, and the farm which he now occupies was settled on in 1785 by his pater nal grandfather, Aaron Haskins, and which Mr. Aaron Farnsworth has occupied since 1828. He is an extensive breeder of the Atwood Merino sheep, having a registered flock of 170 sheep. He was raarried in 1851 to Harriet Sprague, who was a daughter of Horace and Zursiah (El dridge) Sprague, of New Haven, and by whora he had seven chUdren — Zursiah, Frank A., Brief Personals. xix Helen A. (deceased), Harriet (now Mrs. Benjamin P. Ostrander), Mary, Addie (now Mrs. Frank Taylor), Jennie (now Mrs. William H. Sheldon), and Grace. Mrs. Farnsworth's paternal grand father was a native of Lanesborough, Mass., and her maternal grandfather, Lerauel Eldridge, was a native of Mansfield, Conn., and both were early pioneers of New Haven, Vt. Aaron Farnsworth was a son of SUas and Amelia (Haskins) Farnsworth. His father was a native of New Hampshire and a carpenter by trade, who settled in New Haven, Vt., about 1800. He was twice married: the first time in 1805, to Amelia Haskins, a daughter of Aaron Haskins, of New Haven, Vt., and by whom he had five chUdren — Almon H., Electa, Sophia, Betsey A., and Aaron A. His second wife was Sophia Parmelee (Eldridge), to whom he was married in 1819. Farr, Royal D., Middlebury, was born in Middletown, Rutland county, Vt, on November 27, 1808. His parents were Soloraon and Mabel (Dean) Farr. He was educated in the cora mon schools and brought up to farming ; also learned the trade of his father, which was that of foundrvman. He came to Middlebury, Vt., in the spring of 1830; entered the employ of Rufus and John Wainwright, stove and casting foundry, and remained in the employ of this firm for sixteen years. He resided in Poultney. Vt, for one year, after which he returned to Middle bury, Vt., and worked at his trade there for various parties ; conducted a stove and tin business there for two years. He came to Bast Middlebury, Vt, in October, 1849, and became one of the firm of Slade, Farr & Co., conducting the Middlebury forge, and continued in this business until purchasing the East Middlebury hotel property, which he conducted for many years. He retired from business life in 1881. He was married on Septeraber 6, 1830, to Mary A. ChUds ; she died on May 17, 1875. They had a faraily of five children, one daughter and four sons: Edwin E. (a resident of Akron, Ohio), Henry B. (a farmer at GranviUe, Addison county, Vt.), Emma A. (now Mrs. T. W. AUen, of West Randolph, Orange county, Vt.), Royal M. (deceased), and P. A. (born on Septeraber 21, 1849; has succeeded his father in the raanagement of the Glen House at Baist Middlebury, Vt, and is a very successful landlord). Mr. Farr took much interest in military affairs at an early day, and commanded a company frora Cornwall and Weybridge, Vt., in the regiment comraanded by Colonel Dodge. Farr, Harvey, Lincoln, was born in Lincoln, Vt, on January 26, 1828. He was a son of Jesse B. Farr, of Bristol, Vt. Harvey Farr has always resided in the town of Lincoln, Vt., with the exception of two years, which he spent in another part of the State. He has been one of the most successful farmers of his town, and is a much respected citizen. He has been married twice. His first wife was Mariette Palraer, a daughter of Simeon and Fannie Palmer, to whom he was married on November 27, 1853, and by whom he had a family of three children : WaUace S. (born on February 17, 1856), George W. (born on February 22, 1862), and Frank 0. (born on September 8, 1869). Mrs. Farr died on November 15, 1870. Mr. Farr then married his second wife, Marinda Pickett, on AprU 30, 1872. She was a daughter of Rev. Zenas Pickett By his second wife Mr. Farr has had a family of two children bom to him: Jesse Z. (born on April 16, 1875) and Addie L. (born on March 5, 1883). Mr. Farr represented his town in the Legislature in 1882, has been an overseer for nineteen years, was justice of the peace in 1870, '76, and 1881 ; was selectman in 1868 and various times since that date, and has also been a meraber of the Republican county committee. Fenn, James P., Middlebury, was born in Middlebury, Vt, on July 8, 1832. His parents were Chester and Patty (Fields) Fenn. Chester Penn was a native of Watertown, Conn.; about 1790, and when two months old, carae with his father, Titus Fenn, to CornwaU. Titus Penn settled on the place now owned by Charles Lane. He was one of the early pioneers. Chester Fenn, when reaching manhood, purchased a place in the town of Addison, and afterwards came to this viUage where he carried on his business, that of shoemaking, on the site now owned by Colonel Fletcher, where he spent the greater part of his life until 1850, when he moved on the place now owned by his son, James P., and which was the old Sessions place. He had a famUy of seven chUdren — four daughters and three sons, three ot whom are now living, Betsey (now Mrs. Carlos Hooker), Lydia B. (now Mrs.' Freeman A. Foote), and James P. Chester Fenn served in the War of 1812, and died November 8, 1875. His wife died in August, 1870. James P. purchased the place on which he now resides, in 1852 ; it consists of 130 acres, and is a very good farm. He was married on October 29, 1863, to Nancy S. Foote, a daughter of Noble Foote, and weU-known resident of Middlebury, Vt They have had two sons born to them — Noble C. (born on May 4, 1866) and FrankUn Edraund (born August 6, 1872). Mr. Fenn is an exceUent farmer and stock raiser. He has also been a proraenint citizen of his town. Ferguson, Elijah and Elisha, Bristol, were araong the early settlers of the town of Starks boro, Vt. They came from Nine Partners, New York, with their father, John Ferguson, who bought a large tract of land in that town. Elijah Ferguson was born on April 17, 1775, and was married on August 10, 1797, to Mary Haight, who was bom on November 6, 1780. They had a family of ten chUdren born to them, of whora Albert was the fourth child, and was born on October 23, 1803. He was married on December 22, 1825, to Clarissa Bostwick ; she XX History of Addison County. was a daughter of Gilbert Bostwick and was born on Noveraber 21, 1806. Albert died on May 17, 1884. GUbert Bostwick came to Starksboro, Vt., about 1820. He had a family of thirteen chUdren. The old people lived and died in Starksboro, Vt; he on August 3, 1869, and his wife on July 3, 1868. Alfred Ferguson is the third of a family of fourteen children. His parents were Albert and Clarissa (Bostwick) Ferguson. Alfred was born in Starksboro, Vt, in 1829, and was married on AprU 12, 1858, to Jerusha Wright, a daughter of Caleb Wright, a native of New Haven, Vt. They had a family of two children born to them — Wright A. and Edwin A. Mr. Ferguson's father settled in the northeastern part of Bristol, Vt, in 1844, and Alfred since that time has been a resident of this town. Seven of the family are now living. The mother now resides with Alfred. He has been a selectman and lister for several years, and has also been a justice of the peace the last ten years. He now owns and occupies a farm which consists of 340 acres. Foss, Francis H., Vergennes, was bom in Maine in 1837, and settled in Vergennes, Vt, in 1877, as manager of the Patent Roller Manufacturing business, and in 1885 he purchased an in terest in the hardware business of Mr. Wright, and the firm does business under the narae of Wright & Foss, dealing in all classes of carpenter tools and fine shelf hardware, plated goods, stationery, and are agents for school books and all kinds of farm impleraents. He was married in 1865 to Susan WitheraU, of Maine. They have had four children bom to them — Katie M., Bessie, Mary, and Sarah. They have also lost four children in nine days' tirae, aged respectively eleven, nine, seven, and an infant, all of whom died with diphtheria in 1877. Francis H. Foss enlisted in the Nineteenth Maine Regiraent and served as lieutenant until wounded in the Get tysburgh battle, for which he now receives a soldier's reward. He belongs to the Ethan Allen Post. He has l3een a raeraber of the coramon council, assistant engineer, and also a raember of asserably of the State of Maine. Field, Benjamin P., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, on January 26, 1834. He was married in 1866 to Vesta Mosier, who was born in Orange county, Vt, in 1843. She was a daughter of Isaac and Diana (Taft) Mosier, who were born in Oxbridge, Mass., and now reside in Ferrisburgh, Vt., where they settled in 1866. They have had one daughter born to them — Vesta. Diana was a daughter of Preserved and Anna (Benson) Taft She was born in 1801, and married in 1831. Benjamin F. Field was a son of WiUiam and Rachel (Taft) Field. He was bom in 1801, and she was born in 1800. They were raarried in 1825. Had a faraily of seven chUdren born to thera, flve of whom are now living — Charles G, Benja min P., Tamar L., Eliza A., and Julia C. WilUam Field settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt, with his parents, Stephen and Tamar Field, in 1807. They were natives of Pine Plains, Dutchess county, N. Y., and had a family of eleven chUdren, three of whom are now living — Hiram, Huldah, and Moses. Field, Benjamin T., Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1855. He was married in 1876 to Minnie Laduke, a daughter of Joseph and OUve Laduke. They had a family of three chUdren born to them — Maude, Thaddeus, and Rose. Benjarain was a son of Thomas and Abbie (Herrington) Field. Thomas was twice raarried. His first wife was Eliza^ both Rogers, by whora he had one daughter — Ann. He died in 1878, at the age of seventy-four years. He had two sons by his second wife — Benjarain T., and Orville C. Thomas was a son of Benjamin and Mary (ChampUn) Field. Benjamin was bom on Noveraber 24, 1772, and died on March 23, 1863. He was married twice. His first wife was Mary Champlin, by whom he had four sons — George, Thomas, Benjarain, and Daniel His second wife was Polly Hurlburt, who was born in 1785 and died on October 19, 1872. They had a family of four children born to thera — Mary, Soloraon, Eliza, and Electa, of whom only Solomon is now Uving. He was born on April 21, 181'7. Benjamin was a son of Anthony and Hannah Field, who carae to Ferrisburgh, Vt., frora Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1785. Field, Byron W., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1842. He is one of the prominent business men of his town and county, and erabarked in the general business of buying and seUing of hay, in 1866. His business in that department has soraetimes exceeded fifty thousand doUars. He is also a general farmer and dairyman. He is now treasurer of his town. He was raarried in 1863 to Hattie E. Sattley, of Ferrisburgh, Vt. She was born in 1842, and was a daughter of Abrahara Sattley, of Ferrisburgh, Vt They have had four chUdren born to them — Hosie B. (born in 1865), Grace M. (born 1872), Aggie B. (born 1874), and Jessie H. (born 1879). Byron W. was a son of Hirara and Persona (Walker) Field, •of Ferrisburgh, Vt. Mrs. Field died in 1855, leaving a famUy of four children — Byron W., Carl ton Lillie M., and Linda. Hiram then married for his second wife Mrs. Lucy (Wilmarth) War ner, in 1857. Hirara was a son of Stephen and Taraar Field. Stephen was born in 17'r4, and was a son of Anthony and Hannah Field, who settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1785. They had a f amUy of fourteen chUdren, three of whom are now living — Stephen, Henry, and Lucy. Ste phen and Tamer had a family of eleven chUdren, three of whom are now living — Hiram, Hul dah, and Moses. Brief Personals. xxi Field, Stephen W., Ferrisburgh, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1817, and died in Septem ber, 1871. He was an extensive and successful farmer, and retired from active life in 1865. He was a prominent man of his town and held many of the town offices. He was married in 1840 to Bliza Jane KiUmer, who was born at Fort Ann, Washington county, N. Y., in 1821, and was a daughter of WiUiam and Esther Killmer, who were born in Argyle, Washington county, N. Y., and died at Gouverneur, N. Y. They had a family of three chUdren born to them, one of whom died at an early age, and Edgar M. (born in 1847, died in 1883, leaving a widow and two children, Harry and Ruth), and Dwight E. (who married Frances Derby, of Essex county, N. Y). They have two children. Stephen Field, jr., was a son of Stephen and Tamer Field. Stephen came from Dutchess county, N. Y., and settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1785. He had a family of eleven children, three of whom are now living — Hiram, Huldah, and Moses. Ste phen Field, sr., was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1774, and was a son of Anthony and Hannah Field, who settled here in 1785. They had a family of fourteen children born to thera. Field, Walker B., Ferrisburgh, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1840. He has held severa of the town offices ; was selectman, and appointed justice of the peace by Governor Peck. He was married in 1861 to Carrie Higbie, of Charlotte, Chittenden county, Vt. They have had two daughters and three sons born to them — Cora, Helen, Park, Charles, and Guy. Walker B. was a son of George and Sylvenia (Walker) Field, who were born and married in Ferrisburgh, Vt. George was a son of Benjamin and Polly Champlin Field, and Benjamin was a son of Anthony Field, who was the first settler in Ferrisburgh, Vt. George Field was a farraer and prorainent man of his town, having held most of the town offices. He had a family of six children, of whom Walker B. is the only one now living. French, WUUam N., New Haven, was born in the town of New Haven, Addison county, Vt, on June 20, 1835. He is a successful farmer, owning a farm of 125 acres ; is also a breeder of the Spanish Merino sheep, and has a registered flock of 125 sheep. He was married in 1868 to Mary J. Dorson, a daughter of Ziba and Eliza (Crampton) Dorson, of Franklin, Vt His par ents were Nathaniel and Samantha (Kipp) French. His paternal grandfather was Nathaniel H. French, who was a native of Trumbull, Connecticut, and settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1789. He served in the War of 1812, after which he returned to his home and died in 1851, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. His children were Rebecca, Betsey, Sarah, Wheeler, Nathaniel, Lucy, Sarauel, and Mary (all deceased). The raaternal grandfather of William N. was John Kipp, of Middlebury. Nathaniel has had seven children born to him — Charles, Albert, Car- Unda (now Mrs. L. P. Champlin), Caroline (deceased), William N., Samuel (deceased), Belle (now Mrs. Bradley Blake). Frisbie, WilUam P., Waltham, was born in Westport, N. Y., on Noveraber 27, 1838. He was married on November 20, 1 868, to Anna B. Field, a daughter of Henry and Polly A. (West cott) Field, of Ferrisburgh, Vt, and by whom he had two children — Egbert E. and Walter E. He settled in Waltham, Vt., in 1870, on the farm he now occupies, containing 200 acres. He is a leading farmer and takes an active part in all public affairs of the town, having held several of the town offices. His wife is a descendant of the pioneers of Ferrisburgh, Vt, his paternal grandfather being Anthony Field, one of the first settlers. William P. Frisbie is a son of An drew and SaUy (Nichols) Frisbie, who were early settlers in this county. Fuller, Jonas, Monkton, Monkton Ridge p. o., was born in 1828. He has been selectman for three terms, and is now one of the leading farmers of his town. He now owns the old home stead, which was purchased in 1820 by Milton A. Fuller. He was raarried in 1878 to Elma Tut tle. They have had one daughter born to them — BeUe. Elma (Tuttle) Fuller, was a daughter of Jireh and Sarah Tuttle, of Hinesburg, Vt. Jonas FuUer was a son of Milton A. and Almeda (Chamberlin) Fuller. She was born in New Milford, Conn., in 1799, and he was born in Monk- ton, Vt, in 1800. They were married in 1820, and had a family of three sons born to them — Seron, John S., and Jonas. Almeda died in 1882, and her husband, Milton A., died in 1877. He was a son of Josiah and Lydia (Heath) FuUer. She was born in Bennington county, Vt, and he was bom in Connecticut. They settled in Monkton, Vt., in 1788. FuUer, Louis B., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1823. He is a stock grower and dealer. He has been an extensive farmer and owns 800 acres. He deals largely in hay, having several large store buildings and presses. He has been selectman, a justice of the peace, poor-master, and has held several other town offices. He was married in 1850 to Polly Ann Satteriy, of Ferrisburgh, Vt, who was born in January, 1832. They had a family of four children born to them — Elenor (born 1854) ; Gideon (born 1857 and died in 1883) ; Hattie (born in 1861) ; Lucy E. (born in 1864). Louis B. Fuller was a son of Gideon and Elenor (Luce) Fuller, who were born and married in Ferrisburgh, Vt. They had three chUdren born to them, two of whom are now living — Louis B. and Loretta. Gideon FuUer was a son of Bz- b on Fuller, who was one of the first settlers of this town. xxii History of Addison County. Gage, Orange L., Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was bora in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1828. He now owns and occupies the old homestead of seventy acres, which was purchased by his father over seventy years ago, and on which he has erected a fine brick mansion. He was married in Jan uary, 1858, to Sarah Hitchcock. They had a family of three children born to them — Hattie M., aged six years, died on August 7, 1877, and also their baby, aged one and a half years; his wife died on August 7, 1877, and also their daughter Clara, on August 11 of the same year, all of whom died of diphtheria, which left him his home blighted, as it were, in a day. Hewas a son of William M. and AbigaU (Higbee) Gage. She was a native of Chittenden county, Vt, where she was born. They had a famUy of four children born to them — Abigail (bom in 1820)'; Wal ter (born in 1826) ; Orange L. (born in 1828) ; and Salome (bom in 1832, died in 1864). WiU iam Gage was born in 1780, and died on October 1, 1856. He had by his first wife, Salome Nobles, ten children, two of whom are now living — Whitney C. and Harriet N. Salome Gage died on April 9, 1825, and Abigail Gage died on February 14, 1 879. Gaige, Datus R., Bristol, is probably the oldest living native of the town of Bristol, Vt His grandfather, WiUiam Gage, was bom in the vicinity of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He was a farmer by occupation, and came when quite young with his parents to Rutland county, Vt., settling in the town of Dorset, where he married a Miss Roberts, and after marriage removed to Ferris burgh, Vt, there becoming one of the first settlers in that town. But owing to a preva lence of malaria, the family were compelled to remove to Bristol, Vt, where he resided until the tirae of his death. He spent his old age in the family of his daughter Hannah, who mar ried Thomas Hill, both of whom are now deceased. They were the parents of Thomas HiU, now a resident of Bristol, Vt. The grandmother of Datus died in the town of Ferrisburgh, advanced in years. She had a family of eight children, of whom Abraham, the father of our sketch, was the oldest He married Sally Higbee. They had a family of eleven children bora to them, five of whom are now living. Datus R. Gaige was born on July 24, 1808, in the town of Bristol, Vt. He married Harriet C. Baldwin, a daughter of Noah Baldwin. She was bora in Salisbury, Conn., on April 25, 1808, and died on February 16, 1884. Her parents settled in the town of Bristol, Vt, in 1812. Datus has been prominent in all the interests of his town, and has held many of the town and county offices. His father was a soldier in the War of 1812, and participated in the battle of Plattsburgh. Gibbs, Isaac, New Haven, was born in Middlebury, Addison county, Vt, on July 29, 1800. He resided in the town of Middlebury. Vt., for twenty years, and there developed a stone quarry. He settied in New Haven, Vt, in 1866, on the farm now occupied by him. He was married in 1821 to Betsey Chittenden, who was a daughter of David and Betsey (Peyer) Chit tenden, who were natives of Middlebury, Vt. He has had two children born to him — WiUiam and Maryette (now Mrs. Cyrus Birge). Isaac Gibbs was a son of Warren and Huldah (Smed ley) Gibbs. His father was a native of Litchfleld county, Conn., and his mother of Williams town, Mass. They were among the early settlers of Middlebury, Vt, settling there when there were only two log houses in the town. They afterwards removed to CornwaU, Vt., but finally settied in Middlebury, Vt., where they died. They had a faraily of eleven children, of whom but two are now living — Isaac and Mary P. (now Mrs. Sidney Mead). Goodale, Rollin C, Addison, was born in Westport, Essex county, N. Y., on .December, 18) 1836. He was a son of Jared, jr., and Phebe (Norton) Goodale. Jared Goodale, jr., was a son of Jared Goodale, sr., who was an early settler in the town of Addison, Vt, settling on the Goodale place, which is near Chimney Point. Rollin C. Goodale was educated in the common schools at Westport, N. Y., and was brought up to farming. When fifteen years of age he was thrown on his own resources, with but fifteen cents in his pocket He went to Pennsylvania and after to Illinois, where he engaged as a farm hand at Plato Center, Kane county, III. He, remained here for some years, after which he went to South Missouri, where he taught school for one year, during the excitement incident to the John Brown raid, and in common with all northern school teachers he was compelled to give up his school. After this he raade a journey of 500 railes on foot, to Leavenworth, Kansas, where he purchased 160 acres of land. He went to Pike's Peak in the spring of 1860, crossing the prairies with a teara. He remained at the Peak for one year, and then returned to Vermont by way of the Great Lakes. He was engaged in peddUng in the spring and summer of 1863 to 1878. He was married on June 10, 1863, to HUa Frost, of Bridport, Vt, by whom he had one daughter — Cora M., who was born on January 29, 1867, and who now resides with her parents. In 1864 he enlisted in the First Vermont Cavalry and served until the close of the war ; after the close of the war he became a resident of the town of Bridport, Vt He went to Kansas in September of 1870, and traveled extensively, return ing to "Vermont by the way of Washington, New York, and Boston. He rented the Converse farm at West Addison, Vt., for one year, and in 1872 he purchased the farm where he has since resided. In 1865 he introduced the Clipper Mowers and Reapers, a business which he has followed to the present time, and of which he has made a great success ; also introduced the Buckeye Down Binder into this country, and the noted Tiger Broad-cast Grain Seeders and Brief Personals. xxiii Drills, acting as general agent for J. S. Rowell, Sons & Co., of Beaver Dam, Wis. He has been very successful in introducing improved appliances to agricultural interests ; is extensively inter ested in fruit raising and general farraing. Goss, Franklin A., Vergennes, was born in Waterbury, Washington county, Vt., in 1850. He is now engaged in the manufacture of kaohn, under the firm narae of Goss & Gleason, and have their office at Vergennes, Vt. He was raarried on June 3, 1873, to Ruth C. Keeler, of Vergennes, Vt., and a daughter of Charles D. and Elizabeth A. Keeler. Franklin A. has had four children born to hira — three daughters and one son. Franklin Goss was a son of Benjamin F. and Mary J. (Witherell) Goss, who settled in Vergennes, Vt, in 1864, where Benjamin P. died in 1878, aged seventy-two years, and leaving a family of one son and one daughter, Jennie, who raarried H. J. Talbot, of Lowell, Mass. Grant, Edward, Middlebury, was born in County Antrim, Ireland, on March 14, 1810. His parents were Dennis and Martha Dallis. The faraUy on both sides were of Scotch origin. Ed ward Grant came to America in the spring of 1847, when he came direct to Middlebury viUage, and remained there six years. He was a weaver by trade, and was employed in the cotton- mUl there. He was a resident of Burlington for two and one-half years, where he was em ployed as watchman for the R. & B. R. R. He then went to Leicester, where he engaged in the lime business for six years, after which he removed to Ripton, where he remained five and one-half years, and engagad in lumbering and farming, and in 1867 he removed to East Mid dlebury, where he purchased his place of fifty acres, on which he now resides. He was married in 1830 to Hannah McAuley ; she died on November 14, 1881. They had a faraily of nine chil dren bom to them, six of whom are now living — Martha (now Mrs. John Markham, of Leices ter Junction), Nancy (now Mrs. Charles Turner, of Brandon, Vt), Lucy (now Mrs. Daniel Cragon, of Ripton, "Vt), Henry P. (who is now engaged in the lumber business, and who is a well-known resident of Middlebury; he was married on October 11, 1883, to Mary E. Clark, a daughter of Ira Clark, of Middlebury, Vt), Rachel J. (now Mrs. George J. Hodges, of Rip ton, Vt), John A. (who is associated in the lumber and saw-mill business with his brother ; is doing an extensive business ; has been highway commissioner, and is a prosperous and enter prising young raan). Gravline, Adolphus A., Vergennes, was born in Canada, Province of Quebec, on .Tune 16, 1847. He settied in Vergennes, Vt., on July 25, 1874, and erected his present fine dweUing and shop buUdings, and estabhshed a fine business, engaging in the general -smithing, wagon and car riage manufacturing, and repairing trade. He was married in September, 1873, to Mary Agan, of New York city. They have had a family of five children bora to them — Eugene P., Lizzie, Mattie, Mabel, and Amy. Adolphus Gravline was a son of Eugene and Mary Gravline. He died in 1882. He had a family of nineteen children born to hira — twelve by his first wife, and seven by his second wife. Fifteen chUdren are now living. Greene, Williara Ellery, Vergennes, was born in Vergennes, Vt., on August 2, 1810. He has been a member of the common councU, a commissioner, and also a quartermaster in the mUitia. He served five years as an apprentice at the taUor trade, and at the age ot twenty-one years he went to New York city as a journeyman, and in 1833 he returned to Vergennes, Vt, where he has since en gaged in the merchant tailoring business, and also is connected with alarge lumber business, and is now largely interested jn the manufacture of scales and the raising of blooded and graded stock. He was married on August 15, 1836, to Ann Jane SherriU, who was born in Vergennes, Vt., on Septeraber 27, 181 7. They have had a family of ten chUdren born to thera, five of whom are Uving John B., Fanny, Laura, Lucy, and "WiUiara B. Ann Jane was a daughter of EUiott and Laura (BeUamy) SherriU. WilUam E. was a son of John and Hannah (Beers) Greene. She was born in "Newtown, Conn., in 1775, and he was bom in Rhode Island in 1777. He died in Octo ber, 1823. They settied in Vergennes, Vt, about 1804, where they were married. They had a family of five chUdren born to them, two of whom are now living— Lucy H. and WiUiam E. John Greene was the first druggist of Vergennes, Vt, and was also postmaster for many years. Hannah Greene died in Montreal in 1833, of cholera. Griswold, Lester, Orwell, was the second son of Griswold the pioneer, and was born on April 18, 1786. He was married to Lucinda Parks, a daughter of Asa Parks, also an early pioneer, and to them were born six children — WilUam C, Lucretia L., Asa Parks, Olivia L., Emmitt Darwin, and Georgianna Augusta. Of these children Emmitt Darwin is one of the sub stantial men of OrweU, Vt, who believe in doing weU whatever is worth doing at aU. His farm is among the best, and is stocked with the choicest bloods. His cattie are thoroughbred " Jer* seys; " sheep of the finest wool Atwood Merinos, and horses aU thoroughbred stock. He mar ried Martha Conkey, of Orwell, Vt, and to them have been born two chUdren— Gracie L. and Mary 0. Guindon, Nicholas H., Lincoln, was born in New Haven, Vt, on September 3, 1830. His father Gabriel Guindon, was for many years a resident of New Haven, Vt He was of French xxiv History of Addison County. Canadian parents, and was bom in the town of ^Moscow, Province of Quebec, on May 1, 1802. He was married in June, 1828, to Lydia Purinton, a daughter of Chase Purinton. They had a faraily of three children born to them — Nicholas H., Jasper R. (now a resident of Lynn, Mass.), and Cleora C. (who married Ezra Page, of Lincoln, Vt; is now a widow). Gabriel Guindon, father of Nicholas H., was a farmer by occupation, and worked eleven years for Rodman Chap man, of Vergennes. He came to Lincoln, Vt, in 1833, and purchased the present Nicholas Guindon estate of one hundred acres, in 1831. He was selectman of the town for several years, and held several other minor offices. Nicholas H. Guindon has been thrice raarried. His first wife was Eliza Gove, a daughter of Levi Gove. She died leaving one daughter — Mary A. His second wife was Hetty B. Tabor, a daughter of Francis Tabor, of New Bedford, Mass., and by her had a faraily of three children — Francis T., William G., and George R. His third wife was Mary Cadwell, a widow of Mitchell CadweU, of Starksboro, Vt She was a daughter of Ben jarain Jackson, of Starksboro, Vt Mr. Guindon now owns a fine estate, consisting of two hundred acres. Hack, Chester B., OrweU, was a native of Brandon, Vt, and settled in Orwell, Vt, about fifty years ago, and is one of the most respected of her adopted sons. WilUam C. Hack, a son of Chester B. Hack, was the first person to introduce Holstein cattle in Orwell, Vt., and in this he takes rank as a pioneer. His first importation was from the celebrated stock farra of Sraith & Powell, of Onondaga county, N. Y. Subsequent importations by others, and the good re sults therefrom, attest Mr. Hack's judgment in his selection. His farm is popularly known as " Maple Shade," and stands among the best in Addison county, Vt. HaU, Erasmus D., New Haven, was born in the town of New Haven, Addison county, Vt, on October 18, 1817; is a physician; studied medicine at the Castleton Medical College, and began practice at St. Albans in 1844. He settled in New Haven, Vt, in 1850, where he has been in active practice ever since. He was twice raarried. His first wife was EveUne Sprague, to whom he was married in 1845. They had three children born to thera — Francis, Genevieve, and Mary A. Eveline was a daughter of Anthony and Rhoda (Frisbie) Sprague. He was married the second time in 1866 to Marianne Landon, a daughter of EUsha H. and Charlotte (Hoyt) Landon. Mr. HaU was a son of Adin and Lucy (Sprague) HaU. His paternal grand father, Richard Hall, was a native of Mansfield, Conn., who settled in New Haven, Vt, in 1799. Adin HaU was born on September 25, 1786, and died on May 26, 1850. He studied medicine with Dr. Bass, of Middlebury, Vt., and practiced medicine in New Haven, Vt, for thirty-four years. He was a prorainent physician of his day, and represented his town in the Legislature for three terms. His children were Edward (deceased), B. Darwin, Sophia, Julia (deceased). Hallock, Heman, Panton, Vergennes p. o., was born in Hinesburg, Vt. In 1826 he came to Bristol. He was a son of Anson and Polly (Sweet) Hallock. They had a family of eleven children born to them — Isaac, Lucy, Anson, Ira, Chester, Heman, Sarah, Hyman, Ovett, Charles, and Stephen. Heman was married in 1851 to Mehitable Norton, who died in 1852, leaving one daughter, Hattie. who married William Siples. Heman then married Mrs. Emily Eastman Stewart in 1855. She had one daughter by a previous marriage — Sylvia Stewart, who raarried Erwin Carpenter in 1877. Heraan had a family of three children by his second wife — AdeUa (married WiUiam Conant in 1879), Eugene, and Etta. Mr. Hallock reraoved to Panton, Vt, in 1873, where he now resides. One of his brothers, Stephen, enlisted in the Ninth Vermont in 1863, and died at the hospital in New Orleans, of fever, while in the United States service. Halnon, John, CornwaU, was born on June 22, 1^36. His parents were James and Cather ine (Dalton) Halnon. He came with his parents to America in 1849, and settled at Schuyler Falls, N. Y., and finished his education at Plattsburgh Academy. In 1853, when seventeen years of age, he came to Cornwall, Vt, and worked for Alonzo Bingham and Rollin J. Jones for five years, when he purchased a farm in Beekmantown, Clinton county, N. Y., where he lived for seven years. He returned to Cornwall in 1865 and purchased the place where he now resides, and which was the forraer Baxter place. It then contained (at the time of purchasing it) 350 acres. He now owns 550 acres. He occupies a part of the old Baxter house, which he has added to and remodeled until now it is a very fine residence. He is a successful farmer and stock raiser. He enlisted on the first call for troops in the spring of 1861, and took part in the first battie of Bull Run, in Company D, Sixty-Ninth New York "V^olunteers. He served out his term of enlistment, and was discharged at Albany, N. Y. He was married on April 21, 1870, to Isabella M. TuUy, a daughter of Peter TuUy, of Cornwall, Vt Hamilton, A. C, Cornwall, was born in Bridport, Vt, on July 19, 1843, and is the only son of Hosea and Lucetta (Cooley) HamUton. Hosea Hamilton was born in Bridport, Vt., in 1805, and was the son of James Hamilton, one of the early pioneers of Addison county, Vt. He was a resident of Bridport for many years, but the latter part of his life was spent in Cornwall, Vt, at the home of his son, where he died on January 26, 1885. A. C. Hamilton was educated in the common schools of Addison and in the academy at Shoreham. He was married in October, Brief Personals. xxv 1864, to Julia Perkins, and they Uved on the horae place in Bridport, Vt, until the fall of 1875. In the spring of 1876 he purchased the site of his present home, which was the former Skinner farm, and consisted of 140 acres at that time. He now owns 240 acres ; has been a successful farmer and breeder of .fine-wool sheep. He has never desired pubhc office, but is a meraber of the Masonic order, and also of the Baptist Church. He is a prosperous and substantial citizen. He has a family of two sons and two daughters — Frank 0., Augusta S., Edward E., and Marion M. The three youngest children received their education at the Middlebury graded school. Harris, Corydon S., Panton, Vergennes p. o., was bom in Panton, Vt, in 1812. He was brought up from the age of two years by Norraan Munson and his wife SaUy (Pearse) Munson. Mr. Munson died in 1844, and Mrs. Munson in 1877. Having previously purchased a part of the farra, consisting of 272 acres, Mr. Harris at the death of Mrs. Munson came into possession of the balance, and now resides on it. He has held most of the town offices, and represented the town of Panton in 1872 and 1873 at Montpeher. He was raarried in 1850 to Annie 0. Goodrich, of Addison, who died in April, 1851. He then married his second wife, Achsa Maria Goodrich, a sister of the first They have had four children bora to them — Sidney Munson, Susan Imogene, Mina Araminta, and Milo Corydon. Sidney M. was a graduate of the North western University, at Evanston, Ills., and is a local preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church in Minnesota, and farmer. He was married in 1881 to Alice J. Bristol, of Panton. Susan I. married Earnest J. Bristol, of Panton, in 1878. Mina A. married Fred C. Ward, of New Haven, Vt, in 1882. MUo C. is twenty-two years old, and is at present with his father on the farm. Hatch, Giles T., Ferrisburgh, Panton p. o., was born in 1848. He was married in 1871 to Sarah Stirapson, who was born in Essex county, N. Y, in 1849. They have had five chUdren born to them, two of whom are now living — "Westley T. and WiUiam I. Sarah was a daughter of John and Ann Stimpson. John was born in county Stoe, England, and died in 1871, leav ing one son and four daughters. Mrs. Stimpson lives with her daughter, Mrs. Hatch. GUes T. Hatch was a son of Isaac and Ursula (Kenyon) Hatch, of Hinesburg, Vt Mrs. Hatch was bom in February, 1816, and Isaac was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1801. They were raarried on October 11, 1840. They had four children born to them — Isaac T. (born in 1843), GUes T. (born in 1848), Mary B. (born 1850), and Bmma E. (born in 1855). Isaac F. enUsted and served in Company K of the First Vermont Cavalry. Mrs. Ursula Hatch was a daughter of Giles and PoUy Kenyon, of Hinesburg, Vt. Haven, FrankUn K., Vergennes, was born in Bethel, Vt, in 1826; settled in Vergennes, Vt, as a clerk in 1849, and in 1850 engaged in the mercantile business, in which he stiU continues, deaUng largely in gents' clothing and furnishing goods, boots, shoes, and groceries. He was married in 1852 to Eliza H. Strong, daughter of Solomon Strong. They have a family of three children — Charles S., Foster S., and Martha E. Franklin K. Haven was a son of Rev. K. and Ruth (Harrison) Haven. She was born in New Jersey in 1794, and died in 1865 ; he was born in Farmingham, Mass., in 1795, and died in 1879. They were married in 1815. They had a family of nine children born to them, two of whora are now living — P. K. and Charlotte M. Rev. K. Haven was a UniversaUst clergyraan, and labored in his profession in Bethel, Vt, eight years, in Shoreham, Vt, forty-two years. He died in Shoreham, Vt. Hays, WiUiam R., Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, on Septera ber 10, 1824. He was raarried March 25, 1845, to Sophia Gregory, who died December 9, 1866, leaving two sons — Michael D. and Harvey W. He married his second wife, Mrs. Nancy Meader, of Lincoln, Vt., on Deceraber 1, 1867. They have had one daughter born to thera — Emma S. (born December 18, 1870). She had by her first husband, John C. Meader, four chil dren. W. R. Hays was a son of Seymour and Hannah Brydia Hays. He was born on August 20, 1780, and died on October 6, 1852, and Hannah was born on November 20, 1780. They had a family of nine chUdren— Henry, Alonson, Samuel, Michael D., Rufus C, Seymour, Hial C, Hannah C, WiUiam R. Two are now living — Seymour and WUliam R. Mrs. Hays died June 21, 1861. Hazard, Ezra A., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1831. He is one of the large, successful farmers of his town, and now owns and occupies a portion of the old homestead, which was purchased by his great-grandfather ; was selectman of his town, lister and poor-master. He was married in 1860 to CaroUne WiUiams, of Chariotte, Vt. They have 'had two children bom to them — AdeUa and Sylvia. Ezra A. Hazard was a son of Robert and Elizabeth (Alexander) Hazard. Robert Hazard was born in Uxbridge, Canada West, in 1806 They settied in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 18—, where Mr. Hazard died m 1865 ; Mrs. Hazard died in 1862. They had a famUy of three children born to them— Ezra A., Sylvia, and one son whom she had by a previous marriage. Ezra A. is the only one now living. Sylvia mar ried Henry A. Beach ; she died leaving one son — Fred. Robert Hazard was a son of Thomas and Lydia (Piogers) Hazard who were bom and married in Vermont, where they also died. They had a family of five children born to them— Robert (born in 1806), Rufus (bom in 1808), xxvi History of Addison County. Seneca (born in 1810), Mary (born in 1815), and Dennis (bom in 1819). Thomas was a son of Robert Hazard, sr., who was one of the first settiers in Ferrisburgh, Vt. Hazard, Rufus, Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born in Uxbridge, Canada West, in 1808. He has held several of the town offices and has been appointed executor and adminis trator of several large estates. He was married in 1835 to Sarah A. Allen ; she died in 1865, leaving one adopted daughter — Mary Esther Anthony, who married Thomas R. Noonan. Rufus married for his second wife Mrs. Ruth Carry Holmes, who was bom in Half Moon, Saratoga county, N. Y. Rufus Hazard was a son of Thomas and Lydia (Rogers) Hazard, who were born and raarried in Vermont. They died in Ferrisburgh, Vt., leaving a family of flve children — Robert, born in 1806 ; Rufus, born in 1808 ; Seneca, born in 1810 ; Mary, born in 1815 ; Den nis, born in 1819. Thomas Hazard was a son of Robert Hazard, who was one of the first set tlers ol Ferrisburgh, Vt. Heitmann, Bhlert, Bridport, was born in Brunswick, Germany, on August 5, 1822. From the time he was six years old until he reached the age of fourteen years he attended school and received a German education. From that time untU he reached the age of twenty years he was engaged in working for others at farming. He was conscriped at this time in the array, served one year and six weeks, and was then furloughed until wanted. He then went to Bre men and engaged as engineer in a large brewing establishment there, where he remained for three years, when he was called upon to go to the Schleswig-Holstein War, where he remained for eight months ; took part in all the campaigns ; was again furloughed, and returned to his former employment in Breman, where he stayed until March, 1849, when he was again called upon to serve in the army. He carae to America in May, 1849, and worked in a sugar refinery in New York city for two years, when he worked at clerking for a year. He then went into the grocery business in Williamsburg, where he did a successful business for six or seven years, and in the spring of 1858 he sold out to his brother and came to Bridport, Vt., and purchased the place where he still resides. It was formerly the Zenas Myrick place, and when he pur chased it consisted of eighty-five acres. It now numbers one hundred acres, and is considered a very fine place. He was raarried on August 24, 1854, to Catherine Koerner, who was bom in Hanover, Germany, on October 28, 1835. They have a family of seven chUdren — Eraraa J. (who married Louis L. Koerner, of New York city), Bliza M. and Lizzie (who are twins ; the former resides in New York city and the latter at home), Richard H., Anna G.. Mary L., and Charles N. Mr. Heitmann and family are raembers of the Lutheran church. Mr. Heitmann is also a member of the Masonic order, and is a self-made, prosperous man. His parents were Hendrick and Gecene (Brandt) Heitmann. Hickok, Julius S., Vergennes, was born in New Haven, Vt., in 1841, and settied in Ver gennes, Vt., in 1865, where he engaged in the retail drug business until 1872, when he sold out and engaged in coal, and general insurance, a business in which he is now engaged. He was married in 1866 to Mary D. Willard, of Vergennes, Vt. They have had three children — Henry H., Lizzie D., and Nellie W. Mary D. WUlard was a daughter of Hosea and Betsey (Benton) WiUard. Hosea WiUard was born in Woodstock, Vt., in 1806, and settled in Vergennes, Vt, in 1826. He was a prominent master builder, a business in which he engaged after settling here. He built the United States Arsenal here, all of the churches, and many of the business blocks, and was also a prorainent inventor. He died in 1883, and his wife, Betsey, died in 1879. They had a family of six children born to them, four of whom are now living — Electa J. (now Mrs. H. Stevens), Harvey P. (now a resident of St Louis, Missouri), Hosea B. (of Port Henry, N. Y.), and Mary D. Julius S. Hickok was a son of EUas B. and Lucy M. (Sprague) Hickok, who were born in New Haven, Vt Mr. Hickok was born in 1815, and his wife in 1814. They had two children — Isadore (now Mrs. Henry M. Willson) and Julius S. Elias B. Hickok was a son of Austin and Roxana (Cook) Hickok, who came to New Haven, Vt, from Williamstown, Mass., about 1780. Two of their sons were ministers, Rev. Milo J., D. D. (deceased), and Rev. Henry P., D. D. (now pastor of the brick church, Orange, N. J.). Higbee, Nathaniel, Monkton, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born in Monkton, Vt, on Janu ary 10, 1831. He was married in 1854 to Bliza A. Patterson, who was born in England in 1832. They have had four children born to them — Mary Louise (born in 1857; was married in 1878 to Albert Baill ; she died in 1882, leaving one daughter — Edith), Etta I. (was born in 1859 and died in 1879), Wilbur E. (was bom in 1863), and Frederick N. (was bom in 1868). EUza A. Higbee was a daughter of WUliam and Mary A. Patterson, who were born and mar ried in England, and settled in Monkton, Vt., in 1838. WilUam died in Perrington, N. Y., in 1871. His wife, Mary, is now living. Nathaniel Higbee was a son of James and Clarinda (Car penter) Higbee. She was born in Charlotte, Chittenden county, Vt, and died in 1883, aged seventy-five years. James was born in Greenbush, Rensselaer county, ISf. Y., on August 3, 1804. They were married in 1826, and had a family of four chUdren born to them — Mary Ann (was born in 1826, and married in 1847 to George Hurlburt; she died in 1853, leaving one daugh- Brief Personals. xxvii ter— Helen), Nathaniel, Margaret (born in 1838, married Mitchell Kingman), and WUUam Henry Harrison (bom in 1842, and married in 1860 to Lura Saulsbury). He enlisted in Company G, .Second Vermont Regiment, and served from 1862 to 1863, and died in the hospital at Washing ton in 1863, leaving a widow and one daughter — ^Mary A. Hindes, Charles W., Addison, was born in the town of Moriah, Essex county, N. Y., on ¦July 21, 1836. His parents were Aaron and Betsey M. (Hurd) Hindes. Aaron Hindes was born in Addison, Addison county, Vt., on October 28, 1811, on the place which was first settled ¦on by his father, Aaron Hindes, sr., who came to Vermont at an early day, and was a very prominent man ; was born in 1779. Aaron Hindes, jr., Uved much of his lifetime on the home place on which he now resides. He had a faraily of three children — Eliza M. (now Mrs. Dr. •George L. Whitford, of Cold Water, Mich.), Charies W., and Amanda E. (now Mrs. H. C. Bur weU, of Bridport, Vt). He was a selectman for several years. His wife died on January 25, 1883. Charles W. Hindes was educated in the coraraon schools at Addison, was brought up to farraing, and taught school for one term. He was married on March 28, 1861, to Mary B. Don nelly, and resided on the home place until 1874, when he purchased the farra where he now resides. It was formerly the John Hindes place, and consists of one hundred acres and a resi dence which was buUt by John Hindes at an early day. He is a successful farmer and breeder of fine-wool sheep. He had two children born to him — LilUe M. (now Mrs. W. H. Rockwood, who resides at Shoreham, Vt) and Bertha A. He is a successful and self-made man. Aaron Hindes, sr., was born in New Jersey, and settled in this State about 1803. He had a faraily of three children. Aaron is now the only one living. He held sorae of the town offices, and died in 1841. Hindes, Jacob C, Vergennes, was born in Chnton county, N. Y., in 1834, and settied in Vergennes, Vt, in 1869, as a manufacturer of horse shoe-nails, and in 1871 became general man ager of the National Horse Nail Company of Vergennes, Vt., having a capital of one hundred "thousand doUars, and giving employment to fifty men. Jacob G. Hindes is now one of the board of aldermen of the city. He was married in 1860 to Lucy C. Cutting, of Westport, N. Y. They have had a family of four children born to them — Spencer W. (assistant cashier of the Farmers' National Bank), EUa M., L. Augusta, and J. Churchell. Jacob G. was a son of James and Armitta P. (Fuller) Hindes, who were born in Addison county, Vt, and now reside at KeeseviUe, N. Y. They had a family of five sons and one daughter born to thera — Colonel G. W. and Captain B. W. Hindes (enlisted and served until the close of the war), W. P., J. G., and Augusta (married B. K. Barber). Hoag, Enos P., Lincoln, one of the most venerable and respected citizens of Lincoln, Vt., was born in that town on January 18, 1816. He was married on Septeraber 13, 1838, to Nancy P. Keyes, a daughter of John Keyes, a farmer at Acworth, SuUivan county, N. H. Their chil- •dren are Alonzo (born in 1839 and died in 1858), Amelia (married Dr. A. J. Cushman, and died in Lincoln, in 1870). Mrs. Hoag was born on Deceraber 22, 1813. Mr. Hoag has been prora- inently identified with all the public affairs of his town, representing the same in the State Leg islature in 1851 and 1852 ; has been a justice of the peace for about thirty years; has been town treasurer for several terms, also selectman, town auditor, and United States postmaster. His father, Nathan Hoag, was a native of Eping, N. H., and was born on April 2, 1776. He set tled in Lincoln, Vt., in the vicinity of Mount Abraham in 1803, and was raarried in 1804 to Esther Lamos, a daughter of Jaraes Lamos, of Starksboro, Vt She was born on May 22, 1784. Nathan Hoag spent the greater part of his Ufe on the homestead, and died on January 14, 1828. Of his ten chidren only five are now living — James, and Mary (now the widow of the late Elijah Varney), and E. P. Hoag, Elmina Fitch, and 0. L. Hoag, three of whom are now resi- ¦dents of Lincoln, Vt. Hoag, James L., Lincoln, was born in Lincoln, Vt, on May 24, 1805. He was a son of Na than and Esther (Lamos) Hoag. He married Eunice Hanson in 1839 ; she was a daughter of Tobias Hanson, of Lee, N. H. They had a family of five children born to them — Diana (de ceased), WilUam, DeUa, Nathan (deceased), Esther. WiUiam was born on Septeraber 27, 1842, and was married on AprU 28, 1862, to Clara Colby, a daughter of Stephen Colby. He was selectman of his town for two terms. Mr. James Hoag died in 1878. He has been selectman, lister, and also held several iraportant commissions in the militia. Holcomb, Wilbur S., Addison, was born in Starksboro, Addison oounty,Vt., on May 10, 1840. His parents were S. D. and Cyntha (Husted) Holcomb. S. D. was born ip Starksboro, Vt, on June 1, 1807. His father, Solomon Holcomb, was an early settler in Starksboro, Vt., and died there in 1843. S. D. when seventeen years of age settled on the farra which is now the horae of his widow and son, where he spent the last of his days. He reared a faraily of five chUdren to maturity, four of whom are now living. He was a successful farmer and dairyraan, and owned at the time of his death 400 acres. He was in early life constable and coUector for many years, and represented his town one year before the war, after which he was a meraber of xxviii History of Addison County. the State Senate for two years. He was also an active meraber of the Methodist Episcopal Church up to the time of his death, which occurred on February 28, 1880. His widow is stiU living. Wilbur S. was educated in the coraraon schools and also in the acaderay at Hinesburg, and at Fort Edward, N. Y. He taught school one year ; was married on February 25, 1867, to Mary B. Livermore, who was born in Hinesburg, Chittenden county, Vt., on February 24, 1845. They have had two children — RoUin H., who was bom on January 2, 1870, and EUa M., who was bom on January 27. 1872. After his marriage Wilbur S. spent one year on the homestead, and in the spring of 1868 he removed to Addison, where he purchased the farm on which he now resides, and which formerly belonged to William Hurlburt The farm when he purchased it consisted of seventy-seven acres, but now contains 170 acres. Wilbur S. has been a successful farmer and stock raiser. He and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. HoUand, Emerson, Panton, Vergennes p. o., was born in Hinsdale, Berkshire county, Mass., in 1829. He represented his town in 1864-65, and is now town treasurer, an office which he has held for seventeen years ; he has also been lister and selectman, and held all of the leading offices of his town. He is a farraer and surveyor, and now owns and occupies the old homestead which was purchased by his father, Stephen. Emerson Holland was a son of Stephen and Achsa R. (Bixby) Holland, who were born and married in Massachusetts, and set tled in Panton, Vt., in 1835. Stephen was by trade a clothier, carder and cloth dresser. He was born in 1799, and died in Panton, Vt., in 1855. Achsa was born in 1805, and died in 1880. They had a family of four chUdren born to thera — Emerson, W. S. (is an inventor), Miriam (died at the age of five years), and Jesse, who now resides with her brother, Eraerson, on the old homestead. Stephen Holland was one of the representative men of his town, representing the same in the Assembly in 1844 and 1845, and held many of the prorainent offices of the town. He was a son of WUhara and Polly HoUand. WiUiam HoUand died in 1856, aged ninety- three years. HoUey, Winter H. (deceased), Bristol, was bom in Bristol, Vt., June 15, 1798, and died June 10, 1877, after a long, useful, and busy life. He was a son of Colonel Robert and Hannah (Hewitt) HoUey. His father was one of the early settiers of Bristol, a distinguished Revolu tionary soldier, a prominent man both in the town and county, and the first representative from Bristol to the General Assembly of the State. Winter H. was married October 26, 1820, to Mary Seymour, a daughter of WiUiam and Susan (RubUee) Seymour, of New Haven, Vt She died March 14, 1886, having survived her husband nearly nine years. She was a woman of character, a model wife and mother, between whom and her husband there was perfect har raony, true affection, and confidence, she nobly seconding aU his efforts in business, and to whom, in no smaU degree, he was indebted for his success. Winter H. HoUey was an active business raan, and prorainent in all the affairs of his town. WhUe a modest man, and in no sense an office seeker, he held the usual town offices, and also represented his town in the Gen eral Assembly of the State. He also held the office of director of the bank at Vergennes for more than forty years, and was vice- president of the same for several of the last years of his- life. Four children were bom to Mr. and Mrs. HoUey — George S., who died in infancy ; Ho ratio S., who died AprU 15, 1863, aged thirty-three years ; Mary Ann, the wife of Oren Moses, of Malone, N. Y., and Cornelia H., now the widow of Colonel OUver Smith, who devoted the greater part of her life to the as.sistance and care of her father and mother. She is now the sole survivor of the family at Bristol, and occupies the old homestead. Hope, Louis, Middlebury, was bom in Saint Hyacinth, Canada, on February 28, 1828. His parents were Alexander and Margaret (Ash) Hope. He was educated in the coraraon schools- of his town, and engaged in farming until reaching the age of seventeen years, when he be gan to learn the blacksmith trade. He came to CornwaU, Addison county, Vt, in September, 1843, and in 1844 settied in Middlebury, Vt, where he reraained for one year, and at the end of that time went to Salisbury, Vt., one year, returning to Middlebury, where he has since re sided. He worked as a journeyman for Eli Mathews for about seven years, after which he purchased the business and conducted the blacksmith business at the fair grounds company's shop for twenty-five years. About seven years ago he removed his shop to the rear of his resi dence ; was married on May 20, 1848, to Jane Gee, who was a native of Quebec, Canada, and by her had a faraUy seven children, five of whora are living — Louis, jr., born on June 28, 1851 (is now a resident of San Francisco, Cal.); Benjamin B., born on August 12, 1852, now in furniture business at Middlebury ; Demos T., born on Noveraber 3, 1855, associated in business- with his father ; Bonus, bom on April 29, 1857, now dead ; Prusilla, born on Noveraber 3, 1859, now deceased ; Bonus 2d, bora on November 28, 1862, now resides at home with his parents, and WiUiam W., born on October 26, 1866. Mr. Hope is a self-made man, having no- start whatever in life. He now occupies a handsome residence on Court street, which he has occupied for the past twenty-five years. Hopkins, RosweU John, Panton, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1809, and died in March, Brief Personals. xxix 1877. He was married in 1852 to Louisa Dudley, who was born in Addison, Vt., in 1809. They had a f amUy of two chUdren bora to them ; one died in infancy, and EUa A. married Ches ter AUen. She died in 1880, leaving a family, only one of whom is now living — John Hopkins AUen, who was born in 1875. Louisa (Dudley) Hopkins was a daughter of Thomas and Rachel (Norton) Dudley, who were natives of Connecticut and settied in Addison county, Vt, at an early day. They had a faraily of four chUdren born to thera, all of whora are now dead with the exception of Mrs. Louisa Hopkins. RosweU John Hopkins was a son of RosweU D. and Mary (Strong) Hopkins, and a brother of Dr. WUliam Hopkins. Hopkins, WUliam S., Vergennes, was born February 28, 1825. He was a graduate of Mid dlebury CoUege in 1846, and a graduate of the Castieton Medical College in 1849, and settied in Vergennes, Vt, in the practice of his profession. He represented his town in the Asserably in 1864 and 1865, and was raayor of the city from 1875 to 1878. He was a son of Roswell D. and Mary (Strong) Hopkins. RosweU D. was born in Bennington county, Vt, November 5, 1787. His wife was born in Vergennes, Vt, and was a daughter of Samuel and Mercy Strong. Sarauel Strong was bora in 1762 and died in 1832. RosweU and Mary had a family of nine children born to them, two of whom are now living — Sally R., now the widow of B. G. War ner, and Dr. William S. Hudson, Robert, jr., Vergennes, was born in Brandon, Vt, in 1850, and settied inWergennes, Vt., in AprU, 1885, when he commenced his stove, tin, and plumbing business. He was raar ried in 1877 to Bridget Ryan, of OrweU, Vt. Robert Hudson was a son of Robert and Eliza (McCadden) Hudson, who were born and married in Ireland, and settled in Brandon, Vt, in 1850. Robert Hudson enUsted in the Fifth Vermont Regiment in 1861, and was kiUed in the battle of the WUderness, and buried on the field. He left a widow and eight children, six of whom are now Uving — Robert, Edward, James, Eliza, Mary A., and NeUie. Hurlbut, Hiram P., Ferrisburgh, Lynn, Mass. p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt. He was married in 1860 to Roxy Satteriy, who was also bom in Ferrisburgh, Vt. They have had one son born to them — Byron S., who is a student at Harvard College. Hiram F. Hurlbut was a son of Lewis and Philomelia (Fuller) Hurlbut, who were natives of Ferrisburgh, Vt Roxy Hurlbut was a daughter of Captain Isaac and Sophia (Marsh) Satteriy, who were married in 1826. Mrs. Satteriy died in 1856, leaving four children — Ralph M., Mary, Charlotte, and Roxy. Captain Isaac Satteriy died on October 27, 1885. Hurlburt, Ward B., Weybridge, was born in Ripton, Vt, November 19, 1842. He was a son of Hiram and Susan (Bullard) Hurlburt Hirara Hurlburt was born in Woodstock, Vt In early life he resided in Weybridge, Vt, where he was engaged in conducting a saw-mill; was also engaged in the same business at Ripton, Vt. He went to California in 1850, where he re mained until the time of his death, which occurred in 1861. Ward B. Hurlburt received his education in the public schools at "Weybridge, Vt., and also at a select school at Vergennes, Vt. He taught school for one year. He enlisted on May 20, 1861, in Company K., Second Vermont Volunteers ; was mustered in and participated in the battie of Bull Run, and was also in all the battles in which the regiment participated, with the exception of the battle of the WUder ness and the first day at Spottsylvania. He was present in all at about twenty-two engage raents. He re-enlisted and served for four years ; was corporal, second sergeant, then first heutenant, and then comraander, and was then promoted to captain on December 24, 1864. He returned to civil life in 1865 and spent one year in traveling in the West, and settled in Wey bridge, Vt On February 16, 1867, he was married to Sarah Jane Ayres, a daughter of Fran cis Ayres. They have had five children born to them — Susie M., born on January 31, 1868 (is now a pupU at the Troy Conference Academy); Francis H., born on November 21, 1869 ; Watson W., born October 8, 1871 ; John A., born on July 3, 1873, and Ada A., born on May 10, 1876. Mr. Hurlburt's place consists of 200 acres, and was the forraer Ayres horaestead. He has been justice of the peace, lister for four years, superintendent of schools. Husted, Jethro B., Vergennes, was born in Starksboro, Vt., in 1817. He commenced his business life as an apprentice in the tailor business and clothing trade, and in 1840 opened a store on his own account and continued successfully in that business untU 1868, when he sold his interest and spent two years in Philadelphia. Having experienced sorae reverses he re turned to his native town in 1870, and engaged in his old business, in which he stiU continues. He was married in 1852 to Jane Simonds, of Middlebury, Vt. He was a son of Ezekiel and Martha (Allen) Husted, who were natives of Dutchess county, N. Y., and settied in Starksboro, Vt., before 1800. They had a famUy of ten children, four of whora are now living — J. B., Cyn thia, AUen, and Ezekiel. Ezekiel Husted, sr., and his wife, Martha, died in Western New York. Jackson, Andrew, Panton, Vergennes p. o., was born in Addison, Vt, in 1822. He repre sented his town in 1868 and 1869, and has been selectman and Uster. He is a general farmer, dairyman, stock grower, and shipper, and owns and occupies the homestead farm of 230 acres. He was married in 1846 to Bliza Clark, who died in 1878, leaving two chUdren — Charles L., and XXX History of Addison County. Fred C. Andrew Jackson then married for his second wife Emily Frances CoUins, of Ferris burgh, Vt, on October 19, 1880. Andrew Jackson was a son of Hezekiah and Sarah (AUen) Jackson. Sarah was bom in Vermont in 1 792, and her husband, Hezekiah, was born in Stephen- town, Rensselaer county, N. Y., in 1772, and died in 1860. They had a family of four chUdren bom to thera, all of whora are now Uving. Hezekiah Jackson had five children by his first wife, all of whom are now dead. The four children whom he had by his second wife are Andrew, David, Charlotte, and Elmina. Hezekiah Jackson settled in this town before 1800, and was in the War of 1812 and 1814. Andrew's paternal grandfather was Ephraim Jackson, who was an early settier in Verraont, and died at Addison, Vt. Jaraes, Curtes H., CornwaU, was born in Weybridge, Vt, on June 21, 1848. His parents were Samuel and Salome (Hurd) Jaraes. Samuel James was born in Weybridge, Vt., on the place now owned by his son John A. James. Curtes H. James was educated at the common schools, and also at the Burr and Burton Seminary, at Manchester, Vt., which hp attended one or two terras. He was brought up to farming and remained at home until the time of his marriage, which occurred on March 9, 1871, to Catherine C. Jewett, who was a daughter of PhUo Jewett, a well-known resident of Weybridge, Vt. In 1871 he purchased the place where he has since resided, and which was the former home of the Rev. Jedediah BushneU. He occupies a very fine residence, and there are many fine farm buildings in connection with the farra, which con sists of 130 acres. Mr. James has been lister several terms. He has one son and three daugh ters. Johnson, Hiram C, Vergennes, was born in Rome, Oneida county, N. Y., in 1825, and set tled in Vergennes, Vt, in 1855. He published the Vergennes Vermonter twenty-five years, and is still engaged as a journalist. He was appointed postmaster in 1871, and held the office four teen years. He has been twice married. He had five chUdren by his first, and two by his sec ond, wife. JosUn, WiUiam, Ferrisburgh, was born in Cambridge, LamoUle county, Vt., in 1798, and died on April 8, 1886, aged eighty-seven years and nine months. He settled in Vergennes, Vt, on March 20, 1820, as a harness-maker and saddlery manufacturer, and engaged in this business under the firm narae of Clark & Joslin and in 1822 he becarae sole proprietor of this business. He was elected constable and coUector, and became sheriff and served from 1824 to 1834 ; he was then appointed deputy, lemaining in that office until 1867. He retired from active business life at Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1867. He was married in 1831 to Laura Wheeler, who was born in Poultney, Vt, in 1811. They had a family of nine children born to them, four of whom are now living — Williara H., Cornelia Wheeler, Frederick A., and Frank D. Of the five who are dead, Charles died aged twenty-five years, and George E. died aged twenty-one years. Laura (Wheeler) Joslin was a daughter of Reuben and Matilda (Hoyt) Wheeler, who settled in Vergennes, Vt, in 1816, where they died. WiUiara Joslin was a son of Jonas and Barbara (Dalrymple) Joslin, who were natives of Massachusetts, and died in Hinesburg, Vt. They had a family of five children born to them — Milton D., Rhoda, Barbara, Jonas, and WiUiam. Mr. Joslin was burned out in February, 1866, losing all his furniture and clothing, and sustaining a StUl greater loss by losing $2,150 of his own, $600 of the Wentworth estate, and $2,500 of the George E. Parker estate, all in governraent bonds, and as yet are a total loss. The bonds were of the first issue. Keeler, Charles D., Vergennes, was born in Kent, Litchfield county, Conn., in 1810. He became an apprentice in the tanning business in 1826, and in 1831 he embarked in the manufac ture of boots and shoes, and also in the tanning business, which he has continued until the present tirae. He was raarried in 1837 to Lovina Williaras, who died in 1841, leaving, four chUdren, all ol whom have since died. Charles D. Keeler then married his second wife, Sophia Gay, in 1851 . She died leaving three chUdren, only one of whora is now living — Mary (who married John W. Ross, of Rutland, Vt.). Charles D. then married his third wife, Elizabeth A. Painter, of Vergennes, Vt. They have had one daughter born to them — Ruth C, who is now the wife of Franklin A. Goss, of Vergennes, Vt. Charles D. was the only child of David and Ruth (Berry) Keeler, who moved to Vermont frora Kent, Conn., in 1810. He engaged in the tanning business in Ferrisburgh. The following year he returned to Connecticut to settle his business there, and while there was taken sick and died. His widow afterward raarried Russell Rogers, esq., of Vergennes. Five children were born to them, two of whom now survive. Kidder, Tousaint, Middlebury, was born in Canada on November 1, 1837. His parents were Francis and Angelique (Mahyer) Kidder. Tousaint was educated in the common schools at St Charles, Canada, and received a fair education. At the age of fourteen years he was apprenticed out to learn the harness-making trade, which he served for three years, after which he worked as a journeyman in Canada until the spring of 1857, when he came to the United States and settled in Middlebury, Vt. He worked for N. Brasso for two years, and then for some years during the war he bought horses for the government. He commenced business for himself in Brief Personals. xxxi 1867, and which he has conducted ever since. It consists of harness raaking and a carriage re pository, seUing the work of the Babcock Buggy Company at Watertown, N. Y., and is doing an extensive business. He married Helen Parrow, and they have had one son born to them — George T., born on AprU 6, 1865. Mr. Kidder is a self-made man, having no start whatever in life. Kirnball, jr., Charles L., Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was born in Ohio in 1854, and settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1884, on the homestead of 100 acres, which he has occupied ever since. He was married in 1875 to Susan Ryan, of Georgia, Vt. They have had four chUdren born to them — AdeUne, Lilian, Ivy, and Carlotta. Charles L. KimbaU, jr., was a son of Charles L. and Adeline (Kenyon) KimbaU. Mrs. KimbaU was a native of New York, and Mr. KimbaU was a native of Ferrisburgh, Vt, and was a son of Dan and Maria (Haight) KimbaU, of Addison county, Vt. Charles L., sr., has been a railroad manager and superintendent for many years in New York State and New Jersey, and now resides at Fishkill-on-the-Hudson. Kimball, George F. 0., Vergennes, was born in BurUngton, Vt., in 1841. He has served as deputy sheriff and constable for nine years, and chairman of the board of listers for nine years, and a member of the board of water commissioners for three years ; represented his town in the Legislature in 1882 and 1883, and was appointed postmaster in 1885, a position which he now fills. He was married in 1862 to Roxey C. Champion, of Vergennes, Vt They have had three children born to them — George P., Chas. P., and Mary A. Chas. P. died June 3, 1883, aged seventeen years. George F. 0. Kimball was a son of Daniel and Mary A. (Field) KimbaU. Daniel was a native of Littleton, Mass., and Mary A., of Waltham, Vt Mary A. died in Ver gennes, Vt, in 1844, leaving one son — George F. 0., who, after the death of his mother, resided with his grandparents. His grandfather, George Fields, was an early settier and resident of Bennington, Vt. Kiraball, Noble L., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was bom in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1847. He was married in 1873 to L. Tracy, of Monkton, Vt, who was bora in 1843. They have had two children born to them — Mary J. and Alice P. IsabeUa L. (Tracy) Kiraball was a daughter of Thoraas F. and Rebecca (Powers) Tracy. They had a family of two children — Hart well (born in 1832) and Isabella L. Noble L. Kimball was a son of Lyman and Phebe (Ball) Kiraball. Phebe (Ball) Kiraball was a daughter of Alvin and Mary (Siple) Ball, of Ferrisburgh, Vt. Lyraan KimlDall was born in Nelson, N. H., in 1805, and settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1825, and was married in 1835. They had p. family of five children born to them, two of whom are now living — Noble L. and Ann B. (now Mrs. Dr. Maxfield). Lyman KimbaU died in 1884, and his wife Phebe died in 1879. Lyman purchased his homestead farm in 1834, and retired in 1873, seUing his farm to his son Noble, and settled near Lake Champlain, where Noble now resides. Kingsland, Hiram P., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born in Addison, Vt., in 1828, and settled in Ferrisburgh, "Vt., in 1844, and purchased his present homestead farra in 1873. He was raarried in 1863 to Rhoda Wing, a daughter of Isaac and Fanny (Barnes) Wing. Rhoda was born in 1840. They have a faraily of five chUdren ¦ — Herbert H., Jessie, Franklin, Hiram, jr., and Howard S. Hiram P. Kingsland was a son of Abraham and Ann (Vanderhoof) Kingsland, who were born and married in New Jersey ; settled in Addison, and died in Ferris burgh, Vt. They had a family of five children born to them — Hiram P., Frederick R., EUzabeth Charlotte, and Jonas. Mr. Kingsland died in 1884, aged eighty-one years, and his wife, Ann Kingsland, died in 1879, aged seventy-four years. Rhoda Wing's ancestors were among the early settlers of Vermont, and large land owners. Knowles. IraM., New Haven, was born in Monkton, Vt, on December 31, 1823, and settled in New Haven, Vt, in 1856. He was twice married; his first wife was Delia Stearns, and his second wife was Laura Carter, a daughter of Solomon and Harriet (Barnes) Carter, of Chelsea, Vt., and by whom he had two children — Carter E. and DeUa H. (now Mrs. Charles Sraith). Mr. Knowles and his son occupy a farm of 375 acres, and have a dairy of thirty head of high Durham stock, and he owns a farm of 350 acres in Bristol, Vt His parents were John and Ab igaU (Maeder) Knowles. His father was a pioneer in Monkton, Vt., and settied in the north west part of this town, clearing and improving a farm, on which he Uved and died. He was a wheelwright by trade and did an extensive business. He was also a natural mechanic, and was said to be the first man to undertake the plan of a sewing-machine, although he never effected the invention. He was a Quaker in reUgious beUef. He was twice married, his first wife being Abigail Maeder, by whom he had three chUdren — Ezra, Ira M., and Eliza. His sec ond wife was Sarah Varney, and by her also he had three children — Abigail (Mrs. Elijah Carroll), John S., and Sarah (Mrs. Daniel Hill). His paternal grandfather was Samuel Knowles, who was a pioneer of Monkton, Vt, but who after removed to Canada, and died there. Landon, Elisha H., New Haven, was born in Salisbury, Conn., October 1, 1800, where he was educated ; in 1821 he came to New Haven, Vt, and served as a clerk in the store of Rodman xxxii History of Addison County. Chapman for three years, after which he engaged in the mercantile business in Bristol, Vt, and later in New Haven, Vt He engaged in farming in 1832, a business in which he has since en gaged, continuing untU the time of his retireraent from active life. He was agent for the Ver mont Mutual Fire Insurance Company, for Rutland and Addison counties, for forty years, and has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for over sixty-four years, having joined the lodge at Salisbury, Conn., in December, 1821. He was twice married. His first wife was Charlotte Hoyt, a daughter of Ezra and Jerusha (Phelps) Hoyt, of New Haven, Vt, to whom he was mar- rid on July 12, 1825, and by whora he had seven children — Charlotte I. (Mrs. Martin L. Shaeffer), Mary A. ("deceased), Ezra H., Rufus W. (deceased), Sarah J. (deceased), Mills J., and Sarah C. (de ceased). His second wife was Sophronia Graves, a daughter of David and Delia (Huntoon) Graves, to whom he was raarried on May 20, 1866. Elisha H. Landon was a son of Rufus and Sarah (Hunt) Landon. His father was a soldier of the Revolution, entering the service when but seventeen years old, and served for three years. He was a farmer by occupation, and lived and died in Salisbury, Conn. Landon, Miles J., New Haven, was born in New Haven, Vt, on December 14, 1845; is a prominent farmer and has held nearly all of the town offices. He succeeded his father in 1878, in the agency of the Verraont Mutual Fire Insurance Company, his father having previously represented this company for forty years. He was raarried on February 25, 1868, to Harriet Dexter, a daughter of Oliver and Louisa (Preston) Dexter, and by whom he has had three chil dren — Charlotte L., Mary A. P., and Ralph D. MUls J. Landon was a son of Elisha H. and Charlotte (Hoyt) Landon. Lawrence, Almon, Monkton, Monkton Ridge p. o., was born in Monkton, Vt, on May 18, 1804. His early life was spent on his father's farm until he entered Newton preparatory depart ment. He graduated from the Burlington College in 1837, after which he taught at St. Albans for several years, and then returned to farm life. He was a son of Diah and Lucretia (Peck) Lawrence. She was born in Norwich, Conn., in 1784, and he was born in 1772. They were married in 1800 and had a faraily ot thirteen children bom to them, six of whom are now living — Almon (born in 1804), MUton (born in 1816), Abi (bora in 1818), Mary Ohve (born in 1823), Henry (born in 1826), Jane (bom in 1828). Diah was a son of Josiah and Mrs. Mary (Branch) Lawrence; they were born in Connecticut and married in 1761, and settled in Bennington county, Vt., where they died. They had a family of eight children born to thera, three of whom are now living — Diah, Mary and Josiah. Diah settled in Monkton, Vt, in 179- where he pur chased the old homestead which is now in the possession of Almon Lawrence. Lee, Otis P., Middlebury, was bom in the town of Bridport, Addison county, Vt, on No vember 30, 1832. His parents were Prosper and Sabre (Power) Lee. Prosper Lee was born in Bridport, Addison county, Vt, about 1797, and was a son of Jeremiah Lee, one of the pioneers of the town of Bridport, Vt Prosper Lee settled on the place now owned by Edward Shaokut, where he spent the greater part of his days. He had a family of four children, two of whom are now living — Seraph P. (now Mrs. Robert Hemingway) and Otis P. Prosper Lee was select man for a number of terms, and a successful farmer. He died in 1847. His wife died in 1862. Otis P. Lee was educated m the coramon sohools, and also attended school two terms at the Bridport Academy. He was brought up to farming, and remained at home until June, 1862, when he was married to Mary Hamilton, who was a daughter of Deacon Araos HamUton. They have had three sons born to them, of whom but two are now living — Archie H. (who is a resi dent of Kansas City, Mo.) and Ernest P. Mrs. Lee died in 1868. Mr. Lee then raarried his second wife, Mrs. Fannie Shroder, on February 20, 1872. She was a daughter of Horace Blood, a former resident of Norwich, Vt. They have had four chUdren bora to them, three of whom are now living — Charles 0., Louisa E., and Gertrude H. Mr. Lee resided on the home place untU disposing of the sarae in 1867, and continued to remain in town until coming to Middlebury Springs in 1873, when he purchased the place where he has since resided, and whichwas a por tion of the Williamson estate, and owns 144 acres. He is a self-made and prosperous citizen. Lewis, D. H., Vergennes, was born in St. Johns, Canada Bast, in 1843, and settled in Ver gennes, Vt, in 1861 ; became a clerk for Parker & Booth, who were then keeping a general store, and in 1864 he became teller of the Bank of Vergennes, and in 1872 he became cashier. In AprU, 1880, he becarae cashier of a new organization, the Farmers' National Bank of Ver gennes, where he stiU remains as a resident. He is also engaged in the manufacture of horse shoe nails, being secretary and treasurer of the National Company from 1872 to the present time. The company was organized in 1869. He was a member of Assembly in 1884 and '85, and has also been a corporation officer. He was a son of Elizabeth M. Sawyer, who was born in Canada, where Mrs. Lewis died. Mr. Lewis died in Chicago, 111. Lovett, Heman L., Middlebury, was born in Middlebury, Vt, on August 23, 1837. His par ents were David and Betsey (Huston) Lovett David was a son of Joseph and Sally Lovett, and was bom in Pittsfield, Rutland county, Vt, on October 10, 1808 ; was educated in the com- Brief Personals. xxxiii raon schools, and with his brother, Isaac, came to Addison county in 1825, where they engaged in the shoemaking trade ; purchased a place together, where he lived with his brother untU shortly before his marriage, which occurred in 1835 ; the residence is now owned by his son, Heraan L. After his marriage he bought flfty acres of land, and engaged in shoemaking and blacksmithing. He had a family of one daughter and three sons, all of whora are now living. He was a successful business raan, and died on August 30, 1881. Heman L. was educated in the coraraon schools, and was brought up to farming and shoemaking, a trade which he followed during his father's life. After his father's death he became owner of the home place. He was married on March 10, 1880, to Savilla Foster, a daughter of Kendall R. Foster, a well-known resident of Ripton. They have a family of two daughters and one son — Lizzie Agnes, Clara V., and Almond. Lovett, Isaac, Middlebury, was bom in Pittsfield, Rutland county, Vt, on October 24, 1806. His parents were Joseph and Sally (Jepperson) Lovett. Isaac Lovett was educated in the com mon schools of Warren, Vt, vvhere his faraily had removed to in 1816. He was brought up to farming and remained at home until he was of age, when he picked up the trade of shoemaking, a trade which he followed at intervals during his life. In 1830 he purchased the place on which he now resides, and which then consisted of forty-three acres ; it now contains over ninety acres. He was married on April 20, 1835, to Minerva Cleveland. He then settled in his pres ent home, and has lived there ever since, putting up buildings and improving the same. Mrs. Lovett died in December, 1872. He was raarried the second time in September, 1874, to Mrs. Edith Stowe, a daughter of Daniel Twichell, who was a former well-known resident of New Haven, Vt. Mrs. Lovett was born in New Haven, Vt., on August 7, 1810. Mr. Lovett is a self-made man, who is esteemed by everybody. Mack, Thomas, Vergennes, was born in Waterbury, Washington county, Vt., in 1853, and settled in Vergennes, Vt, in 1872, as a mechanic, raanufacturing sash, doors, and blinds, and later he became a grocer and provision dealer. He was unfortunately burned out three times in four years, and in 1882 he erabarked in the coal business, taking the old yard founded by Captain Hall. He also is a manufacturer of pure apple cider. He was a water commissioner in 18'79, and one of the prudential school committee in 1876, '77, '78, and 1879; was one of the aldermen for 1880, and a member of the common councU in 1883, '84 and 1885. He was mar ried in 1879 to Mary A. McMahon, of Vergennes, Vt They have had two children born to them — Jaraes Leonard and an infant, Florence. Thomas Mack was a son of John and Mary (Harvey) Mack, who were bora in Ireland, and settled in Waterbury, N. Y., where they were married in 1851. They had a faraily of twelve chUdren born to thera, six of whora are now liv ing, three sons and three daughters. John Mack left Ireland in 1848, at the time of the Smith O'Brien difficulty, which was a marked day in Ireland. Macomber, Lindley M., Ferrisburgh, was born at Grand Isle, Vt, in 1836, and settied in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1864, and purchased his nursery and fruit grounds, of twenty-five acres, in 1867, when he embarked in the culture of fruit and ornamental trees, and is now ready to sup ply any order given. He was married in Septeraber, 1864, to Lydia A. Dakin, who was bora in 1835, and was a daughter of Isaac and Ehzabeth (Van Vliet) Dakin, of Ferrisburgh, Vt. Isaac Dakin was a son of Timothy and Lydia (Aken) Dakin, and was bom in 1798. Lindley M. Ma comber was a son of Benjamin and Hannah (Meeker) Macomber. She was born in Weybridge, Vt, and was a daughter of Samuel and Miriam (Worth) Meeker. Benjamin was born at Grand Isle Vt where Mrs. Macomber died in 1885, leaving six chUdren. The Macombers originally cara'e from Dutchess county, N. Y., and Rhode Island. Martin, Harvey C, Ferrisburgh, was bom in Ferrisburgh in AprU, 1835. He is a general farmer stock grower, and dairyman. He represented his town in the Legislature in 1878 and '79, and was constable and coUector of his town from 1875 to 1885. He was married, in 1882, to Maria Martin. They had two children born to them — Jennie E. (who married Weiler N. Prindle who died in 1877) and Calvin C. Maria was a daughter of Medad and EUza (Newell) Martin.' Medad was born in 1803 and Bliza was born in 1804, and died in 1841. They had a family of four daughters and one son — Lucius, Louisa, EUza, Maria. Medad was a son of Stod dard Martin. Harvey C. was a son of Calvin and Jane (Hobart) Martin. She was born in New York in 1809 and he was born in Chariotte, Chittenden county, Vt, in 1811. They had a faraily of two sons — John A. and Harvey S. Calvin died in June,1885. He was a son of Nathaniel and Jemsha (Henman) Martin, who were natives of Lanesboro, Massachusetts. Calvin was a farmer in early life, and later a postmaster. Nathaniel was a son of Reuben Martin, of Massa chusetts. Mason Andrew J., New Haven, was born in the town of Pottsdam, N. Y., on October 24, 1834 where he was reared and educated, and came to the town of New Haven, Vt., in 1844, where he has since resided. He was in the War of the late RebeUion, enUsting as a private in Company P, Fifth Vermont Volunteers; was promoted to orderly sergeant, and then to second 51 xxxiv History of Addison County. lieutenant, which he served for two years, when he was compelled from Ul health to resign. He was in all battles in which his regiment participated. He now owns a farm of 110 acres, and is a breeder of the Spanish Merino sheep, and has a registered flock averaging 100. His parents were Lawrence L. and Sarah (French) Sprague. His maternal grandfather, Nathaniel H. French, settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1789. Andrew J. Mason was married on September 22, 1859, to Ann D. Ward, who was a daughter of Chester and Abigail (Hawkins) Ward, of Waltham, Vt. They have had four children born to them — Fred C, Jesse W., Carrie H., and Sadie A. Mathews, E. J., Middlebury, was born in Middlebury, Vt, on May 5, 1827. His parents were Eli and Annis (Lothrop) Mathews. Deacon Eli Mathews was born in Stoneham, Mass., on February 16, 1794, and carae to Addison county, Vt., with his father, Captain Tiraothy Math ews, soon after 1800, and flrst settied in Middlebury village, where Tiraothy Mathews followed his trade of shoemaking. He was a Revolutionary soldier, and commanded a company from Addison county, Vt, in the War of 1812. He died on September 4, 1857. Eli was a "black smith by trade, and followed that business in Middlebury village until 1848, when he purchased the place which is now owned by his son, B. J., and which was forraerly the old StoweU place. It consists of 138 acres of land, and is now a very fine place. Deacon Eli Mathews was in the War of 1812, and was tor many years deacon of the Congregational Church. He never desired public office. He died on October 4, 1864. E. J. Mathews was educated in the common schools, and was brought up to farming on the old place. He was married on March 18, 1850, to Mary Moore, a daughter of Warren Moore, a former and well-known resident of the town of Middlebury, Vt They have had one son born to them — Charles Jaraes, born on October 16, 1855. He is a farmer by occupation, and now conducts the home place. He was married in May, 1880, to Jennie Brooks, and they now have two sons. Maynard, Henry D., Middlebury, was born in Starksboro, Addison county, Vt, on October 31, 1834. His parents were Leland and Mary (Elliott) Maynard. He was educated in the common schools. He was thrown on his own resources at an early age, his father having died before he was six years old. He went to New Haven, Vt, and there engaged in farming for two years. When nineteen years old he served as an apprentice, and after acquiring the trade he worked as a journeyman until September, 1861, when he enlisted in Company A, Sixth Ver mont, and with that regiment participated in engagements at Lee's Mills, and was in the Seven Days and Peninsular carapaign; was at .Antietam, after which he was taken to the hospital through disability. In January, 1863, he again returned to the regiment, and was at the charge on Fredericksburgh Heights in May, 1863 ; then at the battle of Gettysburgh. He re-enlisted and served in the field until March, 1864, when a contusion of the right knee compeUed him to be removed to Finley's United States Hospital, where he was transferred to first battalion V. R. C, unassigned, and served as ward raaster until discharged frora StoviU, on July 26, 1865. He re turned to civU life in November, 1865 ; came to East Middlebury, Vt., and opened a blacksmith shop, which he conducted until 1882, when diseases which he contracted in service compelled him to retire from active Ute. He was justice of the peace in 1867, and has been almost every year since. He now occupies that position; was elected selectman in March, 1886. He was married in April, 1858, to Eliza M. Perhan. They have had four children born to them, aU of whom are now living. He joined Company M, First Regiment, N. G. ofVt, as second lieutenant, October, 1873; was promoted to first lieutenant August, 1874; to captain June, 1875; resigned May, 1877. Mead, Albert W., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt. He is one of the prominent farmers of his town, and owns in addition to the old horaestead farm of 150 acres, 200 more acres of very flne land. He was a son of Albert W. and Phebe (Baton) Mead. She was born in Monkton, Vt, and died, leaving two daughters and one son — Olive E., Albert W., and Urania. Albert Mead, sr., was married three times. His flrst wife was Naomi Bartlett, by whom he had seven children — Sarah (now Mrs. Sarah B. Cronk) and Abram. His second wife was Phebe Eaton, by whom he had three chUdren, and his third wife was Betsey Putnam. He was in early life a blacksmith and manufacturer of farm tools, having a trip-hammer, and employing several hands. He also carried on a farm on which he settled in 1792, where he died in 1859, aged eighty-seven years. Middlebrook, David D., Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was bom in Ferrisburgh, Vt.,in June, 1802. He represented his town in the Legislature in 1845 and 1846, and has held several of the town offices. He attended the grand hater-gathering of merabers in Montpeher in 1885. He was raarried in 1828 to Almira Carter, of Monkton, Vt., who died on September 14, 1851, leav ing a family of seven children, two of whom are now living — Theophilus 0. (born on May 4, 1839), Anner C. (born on September 13, 1845). TheophUus C. enlisted and served as lieutenant in Company I, Fourteenth Vermont Regiment He was married in 1862 to Eraraa French, who died in 1880, leaving one son — George D. Theophilus then married his second wife, Annie Brief Personals. xxxv Clark, and by her has had one daughter, Eraraa, and a son, Walter C. Julia A., a daughter of David D. Middlebrook, died leaving two children — Achsa and Julia, who died on January 25, 1872, aged fourteen years. Achsa raarried the Rev. H. P. James and now has a family of two daughters — Laura and JuUa, who are great-gr^dchildren of David D. David D. Middlebrook was a son of TheophUus and Elizabeth (Hubbell) Middlebrook, who were born in Fairfield county, Conn., and married in 1793. They had a faraily of eight chUdren born to them, five of whom are now Uving — David D. (born in 1802), Hannah (born in 1805), Patience (born -in 1807), EUza (born in 1810), and Nancy (born in 1812). They settied in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1790. Elizabeth died in 1850, in the eighty-second year of her age, and Theophilus (who was a son of Stephen and Hannah Middlebrook, of Fairfield, Conn.) died in 1854, aged eighty-six years. David D. Middlebrook married his second wife, Mrs. Polly Ann Middlebrook, of Trum buU, Conn., on October 11, 1852. Miles, Samuel, Monkton, was born in Canada on January 1, 1835, and removed to Monkton with his parents in 1843. He was married in 1856 to Phebe Ann Thompson, who was born in Richmond, Chittenden county, Vt, in 1835. They have had a family of six children — Ellen E., Alfred B., Francis A., Caroline E., Edward S., and J. Williara. He was a son of Henry and Mary (Hagen) Miles, who were born and married in England, and settled in Canada in 1832, and in 1839 carae to Addison county, Vt, where they died in 1885. They had a family of nine chUdren born to them, four of whom are now living — Lucy M. Dean, Henry, Sarah M. Hazard, and Samuel. Richard was a missionary in West Africa for seven years.. He died in England in 1865. Morton, Caleb, Middlebury, was born in Middlebury, Addison county, Vt, on October 7, 1823. His parents were Cyrus and Lois (Morton) Morton. Cyrus Morton was a native of Massachusetts, and came to Addison county, Vt, about 181 6, and settled in Middlebury. He was a carpenter and joiner by trade, a trade which he followed for many years. He was a suc cessful man, and had a family of three children, one son and two daughters, all of whom are now living. He was a self-made man and died in 1878. Caleb Morton was educated in the common schools and the academy, and received a very fair education, and learned the trade of his father, a trade which he has followed for many years. He was married in 1845 to Julia Jackson, a daughter of John Jackson, a well-known resident of Middlebury, Vt He was en gaged in the lumber business in Ludlow, Vt., in connection with A. J. Severance. Nash, Frank T., New Haven, was born in Racine county, Wis., on February 2, 1851 ; is one of the prominent farmers of his town, and represented his town in the Legislature in 1884 and 1885. His parents were Fordyce and Eliza A. (Thayer) Nash. His paternal grandparents were WiUiam and Mary P. (Wright) Nash, and his paternal great-grandfather was William Nash, who was born in "Farmington, Conn., in February 1743, and settled in New Haven, Vt., in 1799, where he died on August 2, 1821. WiUiam Nash, jr., was a successful business raan and a prorainent citizen, and represented his town in the Legislature in the terms of 1825 and '26, '36 and '37. He died in December, 1871. He was also State senator in 1846 and '47. Fordyce T. Nash was born in New Haven, Vt., on July 9, 1820, and was married on Novem ber 15, 1847, to Eliza A. Thayer, a daughter of WUliam and Mary (Bell) Thayer, of Weybridge, Vt, and by whom he had four chUdren — Fred P., Frank T., Fordyce W., and Mary E. (de ceased). He died on July 19, 1859. He was always a resident of Addison county, with the exception of six years, in which he resided in Wisconsin. Nash, John M., Middlebury, was born in Middlebury, Vt, on Deceraber 28, 1844. His par ents were Asahel M. and Jane (English) Nash. Asahel M. was born in Northfield ; was a shoe maker a trade which he foUowed in Middlebury after settling there. He had a famUy of three sons and one daughter, aU of whom are now living. His widow is also living. He died on September 9 1867. J. M. Nash was educated in the common schools ; was brought up to farming which he foUowed until 1861, when he enlisted on the first caU for 75,000 men, three months 'in the First Verraont Infantry, and after in the First Vermont Cavalry ; was present at every engagement participated in by the regiraent He was never sick a day or absent at call, but was slightly injured by a fragment of shell during Bank's retreat in the Shenandoah Valley. He never left the company, and served until the close of the war. He returned to civil Ufe after the close of the war "until Noveraber, 1866, when he again enlisted in Company I, Twenty- third U S Infantry ; was stationed at western posts during the Modoc War ; served his three years and' enlisted in the same company for another three years, which he also served. After his discharge he went to California, and remained there four years, and engaged in farming. In the year 1876 he came to East Middlebury, where he worked at various pursuits. He was mar ried on February 19 1878, to Ida J. Smith, who was a daughter of B. 0. Smith, a well-known resident of East Middlebury. They have one son, S. A. K., born on January 19, 1883. Mr. Nash has acquired the trade of bloomer since coming to Bast Middlebury, a trade which he stiU foUows. He is now constable of the town. He is a charter member of Needhara Post, G. A. R. xxxvi History of Addison County. Nash, WiUiam J., New Haven, was born in New Haven, Vt, on Noveraber 26, 1852. He married Carrie B. Partch, a daughter of Nelson Partch. His parents were Joseph R. and Fran ces E. (SeUeck) Nash. His paternal grandparents were WUliam and Mary P. (Wright) Nash. His great-grandfather, William Nash, settled on the farra now occupied by Williara Nash, in 1799. His maternal grandfather, Seymour SeUeck, was an early settler in the town of Middle bury, Vt, and was a prominent farmer. Joseph R. Nash was a prorainent citizen of this town, and took an active part in public affairs ; represented his town in the Legislature in 1874, and died in 1878 at the age of fifty-two years. Nimblet, Dr. Oscar L., Monkton, was bora in Monkton, Vt, on January 16, 1832. He read medicine and attended lectures at Dartmouth College, and was graduated from the medical de partment of the University of Vermont in 1854, when he settled in Monkton, Vt, in the prac tice of his profession, and where he now has a large practice. He was married on August 16, 1853, to Sarah V. Mason. They have had four chUdren born to them, one of whom died at an early age — Ida (now Mrs. Moses Sears, jr.), Katie L. (now Mrs. Alfred Hull), and Altha S. Sarah A. (Mason) Nimblet was a daughter of David Mason, jr. She died on Deceraber 2, 1884. Dr. Oscar was a son of Hosea and Althea (WiUiams) Nimblet. She was born in Bristol, Vt., in 1805, and he was born in Woodstock, Vt., in 1800, and died on August 8, 1879. He settled in this county in 1825. They had two chUdren born to them — Dr. Oscar L. and Livina (born in 1838 and died in 1884). Althea (WiUiams) Nimblet was a daughter of Nathan WiUiams. Norton, Calvin, Weybridge, was born in Addison county, Vt., on March 10, 1811. His parents were Abel and Mabel Norton. Abel Norton was born in Connecticut in 1777, and came to this county about 1800, and settled on the place now owned by his son, Hirara Norton, where he spent the last of his days. When he first came to this county he cleared a place and built a log cabin, and raised a f amUy of ten children, eight of whom are now living. He was a successful farmer and owned 500 acres at the time of his death (in 1833), and was a self-made man. Calvin Norton was educated in the common schools, and brought up to farming till he reached the age of twenty-four years. He was married on October 8, 1835, to Sarah Sargent, a native of Addison county. They have had one daughter and two sons bora to them ; only one of them is now living — Calvin, jr. He purchased a farm in Essex county, N. Y., remained there twelve years, and in 1847 returned to Addison and purchased the Goodale farm, which he stUl owns. It contains 166 acres. He occupies a residence which was built by Jared Goodale at an early day. He remained upon this place some tirae, until coming to Weybridge, Vt, in 1854, when he bought the Lawrence place, where he still resides. This place consists of fifty acres. He also owns various other farms in the county, aggregating more than 500 acres. Mrs. Nor ton died in November, 1884, and he again married on March 19, 1885, Jane Sargent, a daughter of Samuel Sargent, a well-known resident of Middlebury, Vt Jane was born in Middlebury, Vt, on March 19, 1842. Norton, Charles H., Addison, was born in Addison county, Vt, on September 14, 1845. His parents were Hiram and Electa (Daniels) Norton. Hiram Norton was bora in Addison in 1812, and was a son of Abel Norton, who was an early settler in Addison county, Vt Hiram had a family of eight children, seven of whom are now living. He now owns 300 acres of land, and has been a successful man in life. He now resides on the place on which Abel Norton first set tled. Charles H. Norton was educated in the common schools at Addison and attended a select school also for one term. He was brought up to farming and remained at his home until he had reached the age of twenty-eight years. He was raarried on June 25, 1873, to Louisa Hitchcock, of Jaraaica, Long Island, N. Y., and in the spring of 1874 he settled on the Bartlett place, where he has since resided, and now occupies the residence which was built by Ichabod Bartlett. He has a family of two daughters : Bertha I. was born on AprU 24, 1875, and Hattie S. was born on September 4, 1878. Mr. Norton is the maU carrier between Bridport and town line. Norton Charles W., Bristol, was born in Bristol, Vt, January 17, 1844. His parents were Wolcott and Mehitable (Thompson) Norton, who settled in Bristol, Vt, at a very early day. They had a faraily of four children born to them — Anson, Charles W., Lucy (now Mrs. A. F. Peet), and Cynthia (now Mrs. Daniel P. Peet). The son Anson is now dead. Charles W. mar ried Delia P. Bushnell, a daughter of Ira Bushnell, of Starksboro; Vt They have had a family of eight chUdren born to them — Anson M. (now a student at Dartmouth College), Edgar C, Ruth I., Mandan L, EUa M., Grace P., Ira, and Ruben. The homestead farm consists of 400 acres of land. Mr. Norton has been justice of the peace, selectman, and held other minor offices in his town. Norton, Nathaniel G., Vergennes, was born in Chittenden county, Vt., in February, 1831, and settled in Vergennes, Vt, in 1868, and engaged in the manufacture of flour and general miUing business, purchasing the city mUl on the island at Vergennes, Vt. His mill was destroyed by fire and here built the same in June, 1878, of brick. It is now a building 45 x 52, and two and one-half stories and a basement, located at the faUs, with three run stone. They deal large- Brief Personals. xxxvii ly in flour and feed, and also in buUding lumber. He was raarried in 1851 to Lucretia Sutton. Ihey have had four chUdren born to them — John, Eugene, Arthur, and Mary. John married Lizzie Horton m 1884, Eugene raarried Carrie Foster in June. 1882, and is now engaged in the manufacture of flour, feed, and farming impleraents. Nathaniel G. Norton was a son of John and Araanda (Gage) Norton. John died in 1841, and his wife, Amanda, died in 1863. They had three children born to them, aU of whom are now living. Orvis, Lorin, Lincoln. South Starksboro p. o., was the first one of the family of this narae to settie m the vicinity of South Starksboro, Vt. He forraerly resided in Norfolk, Conn., where he was born. He was a shoemaker and a tanner by trade. He has no descendants residing in Starksboro or Lincoln, Vt., but he has a son, Loring, residing in Ferrisburgh, Vt, and a son, Myron, residing in Shoreham, Vt., and also other descendants who now reside in the West. Philander Orvis, who was a brother of Lorin, came from Norfolk, Conn., and worked for Lorin for about a year. He married Phebe Chase, a daughter of Henry Chase, a resident of Starks boro, Vt After his marriage Philander settied on the farm which is now owned by Joshua Orvis, a son of PhUander. He had a family of four chUdren who grew to maturity. Philander and Loring Orvis buUt the first saw-miU on Baldwin's Creek, soon after they settied in the town. Joel Orvis, a son of PhUander, was for many years engaged in the raanufacture of lum ber in South Starksboro, Vt He married Lois B. Lamos, a daughter of Chase and SaUie (Dur fee) Lamos, on March 6, 1833. She was born in Monkton, Vt, on November 16, 1816, and died on August 17, 1884. Her children were two, Albert and Daniel. Joel Orvis represented his town in 1862, and '63; was selectman for several terms; justice of the peace for fifteen years, and held other minor offices. Paige, Green, Lincoln, was bora on March 5, 1832. He was a son of Moses G. and AbigaU (Kenyon) Paige, and was born in Kensington, N. H., on April 3, 1795. His wife, AbigaU, was born in Ware, N. H., on July 22, 1798. Their children were as foUows : Ezra, born in Pitts field, N. H., on Decembers, 18—; John 0., born on AprU 30, 1825; Ruth, born in Ware, N. H., on March 3, 1828 ; Sarah, bom in Lincoln, Vt, on March 5, 1830 ; Green M., born on March 5, 1832 ; Alice (deceased), born on January 13, 1834. Green M. Paige succeeded to the own ership of the horaestead of 150 acres, and since then has added fifty raore acres of very fine land. He was married on September 6, 1857, to Caroline Kent, a daughter of Seymour Kent. They have two chUdren living — Bertha A. and Carrie, and one chUd dead, Denslow. Green M. Paige's father settled on the old homestead in 1829, and it has been in the possession of the family ever since. Parker, Charles E., Vergennes, was born in Vergennes, Vt, in 1839. He enlisted in the Seventh Vermont Regiment ; was made adjutant and promoted to captain of Company B. He served in the Department of the Gulf under General Butler from 1862 untU the latter part of 1863, when he was compeUed to resign on account of ill health. He spent a year in Norwich University, and from there entered Dartmouth College, where he graduated in 1860. He was elected mayor in 1885, and is now engaged in the manufacture of the "Little Giant" road ma chine, and doing business under the firm name of Strong & Parker. He was married in 1866 to Agnes W. Ripley, of Rutiand, Vt. He was a son of "William T. and Henrietta (MUler) Park er. She was bom in Wallingford, Vt., in 1806, and he was born in Cambridge, Vt, in 1803, and died in 1868. They had a family of five children born to them, two ot whom died at an early age. Henrietta then married Mr. H. C. Horton. She died in 1860, leaving two chUdren — W. H. Horton and Mrs. J. N. Norton. William T. Parker was an early merchant and mUUng man of this town, and has also represented the same, and held many of the town offices. Parker, jr., Reuben, Ferrisburgh, was bom in UnderhiU, Chittenden county, Vt, on April 25, 1840, and settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1857. He has been lister of the town for two terras, was selectman for five terms, and held other minor offices. He represented his town in the Legislature in 1884 and 1885. He is a general farmer, and a son of Reuben and Susan Ann (Rogers) Parker. He was bora in Manchester. Bennington county, Vt., in 1719, and she was born in Poughkeepsie, N. Y. They died in Ferrisburgh, Vt Reuben was a son of Benjarain Parker, who was a native of New Hampshire. Reuben Parker, jr., was raarried in 1862 to Julia M. Crane. They have had two children born to them — Bertram and Lulu M. Parmelee, Munroy D., Middlebury, was born in the town of Bristol, Addison county, Vt, on January 14, 1829. His parents were Harvey and Arzina (Drake) Parmelee. He was edu cated in the common schools and also attended one term at the high school at Bakersfield ; was brought up to farming and reraained at home until the time of his marriage, which occurred December 30, 1851. His wife was Louisa M. Partch, who was a daughter of Dr. T. Partch, of Hinesburg, Vt Mr. Parmelee purchased a farm on Bristol Flats, where he resided for twenty years. He then went to Iowa, where he remained for three years; was superintendent of the State college farm of 1,000 acres, and was situated at Ames, Iowa. He was engaged in the mercantile business at GUbert's Station, Iowa. He returned to Charlotte, Chittenden county, xxxviii History of Addison County. Vt., in 1883, and reraained there for one year, after which he came to Middlebury, Addison county, Vt., where he carried on the Shackett farm for one year, when he purchased the Ains worth place, where he now resides, and which consists of seventy acres. They have had four children born to them, of whom three are now living — Emogene (now called Genie), Mrs. Frank B. Brooks, a resident of Clark county, Kansas ; Flora A., now Mrs. Arabrose E. Grow (died on March 25, 1883, at Bristol, Vt.) ; Burton M., and Pearl Louisa, who are stUl at home. During Mr. Parmelee's residence in Bristol, Vt, he was selectman oue or more terms. Partch, Medad L., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born at Hyde Park, Vt, in 1851, and is by profession a practical mUler. He formed the present firm of Partch & Co. in 1885, and is now engaged in a general custom milling business, dealing in the fine brands of western flour. They have extensive mills of four run stone power, and are fed by the Lewis Creek. He was married in 1880 to Weltha Prime. They have had one child born to them — NeUie L. Medad L. was a son of Lyman C. and Louisa (Martin) Partch. They had a family of four daughters and two sons. Louisa was a daughter of Medad and Bliza (NeweU) Martin, who were early settlers in this town. Payne, Lyman H., Cornwall, was bora in Warren, Vt., on February 17, 1835. His parents were Horace and Sarah (Blood) Payne. He came with his parents to Addison county, in 1837, first settled in Orwell, Vt, and remained there two years ; they then went to Shoreham, where his father engaged in farming, and remained there about seven years. In 1845 he purchased the farm now owned and occupied by his son. He had a faraUy of two daughters and two sons — Susan C. (who is the wife of Deacon Sarauel Jaraes, of Weybridge, Vt.) ; George N. (of Brid port, Vt.), Lyraan H., and EUen A. (who is now the wife of SUas Jewett, of Weybridge, Vt). Horace Payne died in March, 1874, and his wife died July, 1876. Lyraan H. Payne was edu cated in the common sohools at Addison, Shoreham, and Bridport, and also at the academy at Shoreham, Vt. He reraained at horae tending to the farm until he leached the age of twenty years, when he went west to California, in the spring of 1859, and engaged in mining and farming. He reraained on the Pacific coast for seven years, when he returned East, and re mained in Bridport, Vt, two years. He was married in March, 1868, to EUza M. Dana, a daughter of Austin Dana, a former and weU-known resident of Cornwall, Vt. They have had four children born to them, three of whom are now living — Susie M., Horace Dana, and Alfred L. In the spring of 1869 he moved to the place which he now occupies, and which was form erly the Wooster homestead, but latterly a portion of the Austin Dana estate. It consists of 100 acres, and tliey now occupy a house which was built by the Woosters a great many years ago. Peake, Royal W., Bristol, one of the raost venerable citizens of Bristol, Vt., has alvvays during his life been prominently identified with the business interests of this section of Addison county, Vt He was born in the town of Monkton Vt., on December 17, 1806. He was a son of Seth Peake, who was the youngest son of Williara and Jane (Oliver) Peake, who were of Eng lish descent WiUiam was a seafaring man, and during his earliest residence in America resided on Nantucket Island. Seth Peake was a harness-maker by trade, and was also engaged in the mercantile business. Royal W. Peake was raarried on October 10, 1831, to Jane A. G. Holley, a daughter of Samuel H. Holley. They had a family of three children bora to them — PeverU S., RoUin S., and Willis R. Mrs. Peake died on January 17, 1850. RoUm S. died on July 9, 1841, and PeverU S. died on March 13, 1 875. The only child now Uving is WUUs R., who is now a resident of Bristol, Vt He has been married twice. His first wife was Susan H. Wright, a daughter of John H. Wright, by whom he had one daughter — Agnes. His second wife was Catherine RUey, by whom he has had one son — Royal W. Royal W. Peake, sr., came to Bristol, Vt, with his father, Seth Peake, when very young. He has dealt largely in real estate, and has represented his town in the Legislature. Percival, Philo D., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., was born in Keene, Essex countyi N. Y., in 1827. He settied in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1866, when he purchased the custom and mer chant flouring mill at North Ferrisburgh "^t., and in 1877 sold one-half of his interest to Judge N. J. Allen ; and he retired frora the business in 1885, renting his interest He is now engaged in the. culture of sraall fruits, and also is interested in the culture of bees, having a large apiary. He has been justice of the peace for ten years, and has also been county and town grand jury man. He was married in 1850 to Mary Ann Nararaore, of Charlotte, Chittenden county, Vt, who was born in October, 1831, and died in 1869, leaving two chUdren — Luthera (who mar ried N. AUen Martin, now of Nebraska) and Henry. PhUo D. Percival then raarried for hia second wife Sarah Tuttie, on December 21, 1870 She was born in Barry, N. Y., in 1849. They have had one son born to them — Alden, born in November, 1871. Sarah was a daughter of Silas B. and Louisa (Joiner) Tuttle. Philo D. Percival was a son of Stephen and Rebecca (Honey) Percival, who were natives of Keene, N. Y., where Mr. Percival died in 1827. They had a family of eleven children, five of whora are now living — Leonard, Sophronia, Eraily, Alden, and PhUo D. Brief Personals. xxxix Peck, Charies, New Haven, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, on July 24, 1839. He settied in Nevy Haven, Vt, in 1876, on the farm on which he now resides, and which consists of 300 acres. He is a breeder of Spanish Merino sheep, and has a fine registered flock. He was married in April, 1872, to Mary E. Hallock, who was a daughter of Isaac and Susanna (Montgomery) Hal lock, natives of New Haven, Vt, and by whom he had four chUdren — Harry, HaUock, Sarah, and John P. Charles Peck was a son of Aldrich and Miranda (Hawkins) Peck, who after their marriage settied in Panton, Vt., but afterwards reraoving to Ferrisburgh, Vt, where they re sided until the time of his death. He had a family of seven chUdren — Lucy (now Mrs. Will iam Spooner), Mary (now Mrs. John Price), Susan (now Mrs. Henry Elliott), Juniteet (now Mrs. Somers Spaulding), John P., Charies, and Aldrich. Charies's paternal grandfather, John P. Peck, was a native and early settler in Waltham, as was also his maternal grandfather, Roger Hawkins. Piper, Aaron J., Middlebury, was born in Salisbury, Addison county, Vt, on March 24, 1839. His parents were John and Philena (Hire) Piper. He was educated in the coraraon schools, and brought up to farming. He was thrown upon his own resources at an early age, and enlisted under the first caU for 75,000 men, in the spring of 1861, in Captain Hayward's company, First Vermont, for three raonths, -served his term, and again enlisted December 19, 1861, in Company 0, Seventh Vermont Infantry, under General Butier, at Baton Rogue, and at the beginning of the battle in the morni^ig was struck in the shoulder with a ball, which neces sitated amputation at the shoulder. He was an inmate of St James Hospital, New Orleans, until October 7, 1862. He received his discharge and returned to civil hfe on September 19, 1863. He returned to Salisbury, Vt, and went on the road seUing goods, which he foUowed for thirteen years. He was Uster of the town of Sahsbury, Addison county, Vt., for one year; was married on April 5, 1864, to Adelphia H. Brown, a daughter of Elijah and Myra Brown, who were well-known residents of Ripton, Vt They have had two sons born to them — Er win G. and J. Kirk. Mr. Piper, in the spring of 1876, engaged in the purchase and seUing of Uve stock, a business in which he is now engaged, finding a raarket in Boston, Mass.^ He set tled in Middlebury, Addison county, Vt., in February, 1880. Pope, WiUiara W. (deceased), Lincoln, was born in Higham, Mass., on October 12, 1807, and was an only son of ttie Rev. Ziba Pope, a pioneer preacher of the Free WUl Baptist denom ination. He came to Lincoln, Vt., in 1830, and was married on October 23, 1835, to Caroline Kent, a daughter of , by whom he had one son — George F. Pope, now a resident of Burlington, Vt They also had one daughter, who died in infancy. Mrs. Pope died on October 19, 1841, and on August 22, 1848, he married Mrs. Mary Dow, by whora he had one son — Charles E. Mrs. Pope's raaiden name was Mercy Farr ; she was a daughter of Artemas Farr, and was bom on April 13, 1816. Charles B. Pope was born on August 5, 1849. He was mar ried on June 17, 1869, to Ellen J. Varney, a daughter of Stephen Varney, of Lincoln, Vt She was born on March 31, 1849. They have had a family of three children born to them — Henry A., Sophia E., and George 8. Mr. Pope has served his town as a justice of the peace, and also as county and deputy sheriff. The late Hon. WUhara W. Pope represented Lincoln, Vt., in the Legislature five successive terms; held the office of town clerk and justice of the peace for a number of terms, and in I860 he was chosen associate judge of Addison County Court The aggregate number of years that he held office exceeds that of any other person in his town. He died in Lincoln, Vt, on AprU 16, 1860. Porter, George L., Middlebury, was born in Middlebury, Vt, on January 28, 1837. His par ents were Cyrus and Mary O. (Wilcox) Porter. Cyrus Porter was born in Farmington, Conn., on February 21, 1795. He was married in Connecticut His first wife was Susan Trowbridge, by whom he had three children. She died in 1833. He had eight children by his second wife. He came to Addison county, Vt, in 1829, and settled on the site of his son's present home. The house which the deacon occupied was a fine one, and was built in 1803, by a Mr. Andrus. Cyrus Porter spent his days on this farra. He had a faraily of ten children, six daughters and four sons, eight of whom are now living. He was a justice of the peace of the town for two terms, and died on April 1, 1857, aged sixty-two years. George L. Porter vvas educated in the pubhc schools and in the Addison county grammar school. He was raarried in 1864 to Minerva StoweU, a daughter of Chauncey H. StoweU, a weU-known resident of Cornwall, Vt They have had three daughters, two of whora are now Uving — Cora S. (bom on AprU 29, 1866) and Maud F. (born November 9, 1876). Mrs. Porter died on Noveraber 3, 1884. Porter, George Washington, Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1810, He was married in March, 1834, to Julia Harris, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1809. They had ten children born to them, three of whora are now living — George (who enUsted in the Eleventh Vermont Regiment, served three years and was detailed as musician), UrsUla (who married WiUiam Bard), and Louisa (who was married to Austen Booth). George Washington Porter was a son of Noah and Polly (Pangburn) Porter. Mrs. Porter was born in Charaplain, xl History of Addison County. N. Y., and Mr. Porter was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt They had a family of ten children, three of whom are now living — Maria, George W., and Eunice Jane. Noah died in 1857 and Polly died in 1850. Noah, jr., was a son of Noah, sr., who was born in New Harapshire and settied in Ferrisburgh, Vt, with his family, and was at that time one of the three settlers of the town. He was a great hunter. He died aged ninety-four years. George Washington Porter, although but a child at the time, remembers distinctly seeing the soldiers at the time of the attack of the British, at Fort Cassin, the Americans having about 300 men under the command of Captain Cassin, and the British, having about 1,500 raen, were repelled by the Araericans. Preston, Edwin P., New Haven, was bom in Burlington, Vt., on March 4, 1857. He is a physician; was reared in Walthara, Vt, and began the study of medicine with Dr. C. W. B. Kidder, of Vergennes, Vt, in 1881 ; entered the medical department of the BurUngton Univer sity in the spring of 1882, which he was graduated frora in the faU of 1884, and iraraedi ately located in New Haven, Vt., where he has since resided. He was raarried on June 17, 1885, to Cora H. HoUey, a daughter of Truman R. and Juliaette (Sanford) HoUey, of CornwaU, Vt. He was a son of John and Ann E. (Hall) Preston. His father was a native of Ireland, and his mother of Shelburne, Vt., and were residents of this county for many years ; they are now living in Waltham, Vt. They have had a family of twelve children, nine of whom are now Uving — Samuel J., Edwin P., Sarah (Mrs. A. J. Thompson), John P., Libbie L., Ethel H., Frank B., Wallace, and Nancy B. Purinton, Chase, Lincoln, was born in Kensington, N. H., on AprU 27, 1757. He settied in Lincoln, Vt, on the farm which is now owned by his grandson, Elihu Purinton. He was a blacksmith by trade, and the first in the town; built the first grist-mUl that was ever built in this town, in 1806, near the site of the present "Watson Morgan mills. He was married on Sep teraber 30, 1775, at Seabrook, N. H., to Lydia Brown, who was born in that town on August 13, 1758. Mr. Purinton died on his homestead, on June 16, 1826, leaving a wife and four sons and four daughters — Jonathan, born December 1, 1779, and died in 1848; Elijah, born on July 18, 1780, died in 1864; James, bora on November 12, 1783, died in 1864; Judith, born on AprU 19, 1786, died in 1877 ; Elizabeth, bom on August 3, 1788, died in 1875; Chase, born on July 19, 1792, and died in 1872; Lydia, born on October 1, 1795, died in 1882; Mary, born on Sep tember, 7, 1799, died in 1845. Mr. Purinton's descendants throughout the United States are numerous, forty of whom are now residents of the town of Lincoln, Vt. Purinton, Elihu, Lincoln, a representative farraer of Lincoln, Vt., was a son of Jaraes and Clarissa (Nud) Purinton, and a grandson of Chase Purinton. Jaraes Purinton was a tanner by trade. He was twice married. His first wife was Achsie Morrison. After his raarriage he re sided in Lincoln, Vt, for a nuraber of years, after which he removed to Canada, where he died. He had a family of twelve chUdren, three of whom now reside in Addison county, Vt. — Asa, Freeraan, and Elihu (who was raarried on October 25, 1876, to Hulda Purinton, a daughter ot Jonathan and Hannah (Huntington) Purinton, who came to Lincoln, Vt., in 1803). Huldah was the youngest of their six children; she was born on September 3, 1818, and Elihu, her husband, was born on Septeraber 8, 1814. He has held several of the town offices, representing the same in the Legislature in 1865-66. Purinton, Elijah, Lincoln, is a prosperous farmer and estiraable citizen of Lincoln, Vt. He was bom on December 16, 1809, and was brought up by his grandparents, Chase and Lydia Pur inton. He was married on October — , 1833, to Mary Huntington, a daughter of John and Judith Huntington, of Lincoln, Vt, and by her had a family of six children — Chase, John, Lydia, Nelson, Moses, and Lindley, all of whom are now living with the exception of Chase, who died at the age of twenty-six years leaving a wife and one daughter, and Lindley and Lydia, who died when but three years of age ; John now lives at Starksboro, Addison county, Vt ; Nelson is a farmer at Bristol, Vt; Moses, a resident of New Haven, Vt; Lydia married Ezra V. Paige, of Lincoln, Vt, who died, leaving a family of three children, aged twenty-eight. Mary Purinton died on June 25, 1849, and Elijah married his second wife, Elizabeth Morrison, a daughter of David and Nancy (Smith) Morrison, of Danby, Vt. She was born on May 6, 1816, in the town of Starksboro, Vt, where her father, David Morrison, then lived. They have had a faraily of two chUdren born to them — Mary E. and Lois. Mary E. married "Williara Morgan, of Lincoln, Vt. ; Lois is now Mrs. John Bean, of Lincoln, Vt Mr. Purinton's home stead consists of 150 acres of very productive land. He has held many of the offices of his town, being Uster, justice of the peace, and grand juror of Lincoln, Vt, for many years. Purinton, Elisha, Starksboro p. o., was born in Lincoln, Vt He was a son of Chase and Ruth (Harkness) Purinton. They were married on November 4, 1822. Ruth was a daughter of Adam Harkness, who was born on January 27, 1750. Chase had a family of two sons and four daughters — WUliam, Elisha, Ruth, and Mary. Lydia and Thankful died when infants. Elisha Purinton was born on December 14, 1826, in Lincoln, Vt He was married on July 9, 1850, to Naomi Green, a daughter of Stephen Green, of Starksboro, Vt. Stephen Green was Brief Personals. xU born in 1808, and came to Lincoln, Vt., when eighteen years of age, where he married Lydia Chase, a daughter of Joseph Chase, of Starksboro, Vt They had a family of fourteen chUdren born to them, twelve of whom are now living. Blisha and Naomi have two chUdren— Alice and Frank. Alice married David FoUansbee, of Starksboro, and has two chUdren — Naomi P. and Ehsha D. Frank raarried Alice Sisson, of Genoa, N. Y., and has three chUdren — EUa N., Sadie R., and Frank B. > ) . > ^^h^^^°^' ^°^^^°"' Monkton Ridge p. o., was born in Hinesburg, Vt,, in 1832, and set tled in Monkton, Vt., in March, 1865, as a farmer dairyman, and stock dealer and breeder of fine horses and cattie. He has been selectman of tbe town for three terms and Uster for three terms. He now owns a fine farm of 216 acres. He was married in 1864 to Carrie V. Fergu son, a daughter of Andrew and Mary Ferguson. They have had four children born to them — Elsie L., now Mrs. H. W. Clifford ; Cora, a teacher ; Daniel, and Rolla. Byron Ray was a son of Daniel and Orilla (Rounds) Ray. She was born in Monkton, Vt, and he was born in Rutiand, Vt. They died in Hinesburg, Vt. They were early settiers in this county. Remele, WiUiam R., was born in Whiting, Vt., on January 29, 1820. He was a son of Sarauel and Linda (North) Remele. Samuel H. Remele was born in Kinderhook, N. Y., on May 26, 1780. His father, John Remele, was born in 1746, at a place known at that tirae as Half-HoUow-Hills, Long Island, N. Y. He was a Congregational clergyraan, and was fitted for college in Elizabeth, N. J. He entered Princeton during the presidency of Doctor Wither- spoon. His theological course was under the instruction of the Rev. Dr. Stephen West, of Stockbridge, Mass. He was chaplain for a time in Colonel Doolittle's regiment at the time of the Revolutionary War. He was pastor of the Congregational Church at Newport, N. H., from which place he carae to Addison county, Vt, in 1790. He was elected meraber of the Consti tutional Convention frora SuUivan county, N. H., and in that convention strongly opposed the clause admitting the importation of slaves. He came to Orwell, Vt., in 1808, a town in which several of his old church and parish had settled ; but finding that the title to his land was worth less, he removed to Whiting. His professional labors were continued in the new settleraent mostly in Addison, where a church had been gathered. He soraetiraes added the labor of teach ing to that of preaching. He died on July 28, 1798. His three sons were brought up to farra ing pursuits. Samuel H. resided on the old homestead until 1833, when he reraoved to Corn waU, Vt. He died on March 16, 1865, a respected citizen. Three of his children are now living in the county — Clarissa, widow of the late Daniel Remmington, of Leicester, Vt. ; WUliam R., and Stephen W., a well-known resident of Middlebury, Vt Rice, Beebe T., Cornwall, was born in Bridport, Addison county, Vt, on January 27, 1836, and is the youngest living son of Asa and Elizabeth (Turrell) Rice. He was educated in the common schools of Addison and the academy at Shoreham, and had fitted himself for and entered Middlebury College, when ill health compelled hira to leave school. ' He taught school at Bridport and Shoreham, Vt, for several terms, and in the spring of 1857 he went to Min nesota and remained West raost of the tirae till the fall of 1869. He was married on February 7, 1870, to Mara J. Allen, of Bridport After marriage they again went West and settied in Kansas on a farm of 160 acres. They had one daughter born to thera — Carrie E., born on No vember 17, 1871. Mrs. Rice died in the summer of 1873, and in the winter of 1875 Mr. Rice married Belle S. Merritt, of Putnara county, 111., who died after being raarried one year. He then returned Bast, and in March, 1877, married Eraraa A. Johnson, a daughter of Ayres John son, a former well-known resident of Bridport, Vt. They have one adopted daughter and son — Lulu H. and Varney H. While in Kansas he was county comraissioner of Butler county one term. On his return Bast in March, 1879, he lived at the home place at Bridport for oue year. In April, 1880, he moved and settled on the place which is his present horae, and which he had purchased in 1879. It was the Dana farm and consists of 200 acres. Mr. Rice is a successful farmer and stock raiser, and is a prosperous and much esteemed citizen of this county. Rogers, Charlotte S., Ferrisburgh, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1828. She was married in 1849 to Thomas R. Robinson, of Ferrisburgh, Vt He died in 1854, leaving two children — WUliam G. and Sarah R. William G. is a graduate of the medical department of the Univer sity of Verraont, also of the BeUevue Medical CoUege of New York. Sarah raarried W. H. Harmon. Mrs. Charlotte Robinson was married the second time, in I860, to R. Rogers. She was a daughter of Captain Isaac and Sophia (Marsh) Satteriy, of Ferrisburgh, Vt Rogers, Isaac L., Middlebury, was born in Clinton county, N. Y, on June 27, 1845. His parents were Robert and AbigaU (Allen) Rogers. He came with his parents to Addison county, Vt., in 1852, and settled in the towh of Orwell, Addison county, Vt, where he conducted a lumber and saw-miU for some years. He afterwards came to Middlebury, Addison county, Vt. Mr. Rogers died in January, 1884. Isaac L. Rogers was educated in the common .schools; was brought up to farraing until reaching the age of twenty, when he learned the carpenter and joiners' trade, and also acquired some knowledge of cabinet-making, at Concord, N. H., where xlii History of Addison County. he worked for ten years. He was foreman in the wood departraent of the Concord axle shop for nearly five years. He was raarried in April, 1868, to Lucy M. Ford. They have had one son born to them — Charles P., born on May 13, 1880. He returned to Middlebury, Vt., in the fall of 1876, and purchased the Yale place of fifty acres, on which he has resided since. He also owns forty acres south of the town, and very nicely located in the suburbs of Middlebury, Vt. He is a successful farmer, and was instrumental in forming the Baptist Society in Middle bury, Vt ; was a member of the building committee, and has been a church official ever since. Rogers, Henry, Ferrisburgh, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1804, and died on September 16, 1876. He was prominent in establishing the post-office at the Center, and was its flrst post master. He was a large dealer in, and shipper of butter and cheese, and an active raan in all town affairs. He was raarried in 1835 to Susan Martin. They had one daughter born to thera — Phebe Holraes, born in 1836. Henry Rogers was a son of Joseph and Jemima (Holmes) Rogers, who were natives of Danby, Rutiand county, Vt Susan Martin was bora in 1814, and was a daughter of Edward and Elizabeth (Chase) Martin, who settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1794, and were married there the same year. They had a family of thirteen chUdren born to, them, of whom Susan is the only one now Uving. Edward was an early farraer and hotel pro prietor. Rose, Andrew B., Walthara, Vergennes p. o., was born in Woodbury, Litchfield county, ¦Conn., on AprU 21, 1817. He is a farraer, and breeder of the famous Atwood breed of Merino sheep. He settled in Walthara, Vt, in 1845, where he has since resided. He was raarried in 1846 to Erama Thompson, a daughter of James and Abigail (Eldred) Thompson, of New Haven, Vt., and by her had ten chUdren — Anna E. (Mrs. Edgar Piper) ; Eva J. (Mrs. George HaUock) ; Newton J., Willie, Edson, Hattie (Mrs. Frank Dart) ; Nettie (Mrs. Bd. Adams) ; Jessie (Mrs. Al bert James) ; Abbie, and Lula. Mr. Rose has filled most of the local offices of the town, and represented the same in the Legislature in 1876 and 1877. His parents were Newton and Lau ra (Barton) Rose. His father settied in Vergennes, Vt., at at early date, when he served as a -clerk in a hotel, and afterwards foUowed his trade, that of clothier, iu Litchfield, Conn. He settled in Waltham, Vt., in 1843, on the farm now occupied by Andrew B. Rose. He took an active part in the offices of the town, and was its representative in 1850 and 1849. He had two children — Andrew B. and Emily B. (deceased). He died in 1864 in the seventy-fifth year of his age. Andrew B.'s maternal grandfather was Andrew Barton, jr., who was a son of Andrew Barton, who was an early settler in the town of Waltham, Vt Ross, Andrew, of Vergennes, Vt, was born in the parish of Old Deer, county of Aberdeen, Scotiand, on May 29, 1836. He was a son of Hugh and Isabella (Watt) Ross. Hugh Ross died in 1861, leaving a widow and seven children. Andrew came to Vergennes, Vt., in Oc tober, 1866, and obtained employment in the spoke factory of Strong & Ross, and in 1873 he becarae book-keef)er for the National Horse Nail Corapany. In 1880 he was raade cashier of the National Bank of Vergennes, a position which he now occupies. He has also held several of the town offices. His sister Annie carae to Vergennes, Vt, in 1870. Andrew Ross was raarried in 1879 to Carrie Wright, a daughter of Rev. Stephen Wright, of Glens Falls, N. Y. She was for ten years previous to her raarriage a teacher in a private school in Vergennes, Vt. St. Peters, Joseph L., Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh p. o., a general raerchant of North Fer risburgh, Vt, was born at Charlotte, Chittenden county, Vt., in 1850. He embarked in the general merchant trade in 1877, as a successor of Judge Cyrus W. Wicker. He became a clerk for Judge Wicker in 1869, at the time he settied in Ferrisburgh, Vt, and by close application to business, and the assistance of Judge Wicker, he has made his business life a success. He was married in 1885 to Mrs. Sarah A. Lyman Newal, who was a widow of A. P. Newal. Joseph L. was a son of Matthew and Margaret (Larrime) St Peters, of Chittenden county, Vt. Mrs. St Peters died in 1876, leaving four children. Satteriy, Ralph, Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1830. He is a general farraer and has held several of the town offices, served as lister, justice of the peace and collector ot the town. He was raarried in 1861 to Loraine P. Hurlbut, who was born in 1815, and was a daughter of Lewis and Philoraelia Huribut They have had one daughter born to them — Eva S. Ralph M. Satteriy was a son of Captain Isaac and Sophia (Marsh) Satteriy. She was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in ] 807, and Isaac was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt, on January 27, 1804. They were married in 1826. Mrs. Satteriy died in December, 1851, leaving four chil dren — Mary (born August, 1827, married to Cassius A. Holabird, of Sherburne, Vt, in 1845; they have had two chUdren bora to thera) ; Roxy (born in October, 1836, raarried Hiram F. Hurl but in' 1865; they have one son — Byron S.) ; Charlotte S. (born in 1828, married in 1849 to Thomas Robinson, who died in 1854; they had one son— WiUiara C, and one daughter — Sarah R. ; Charlotte raarried for her second husband, Dr. Rogers, in 1860); and Ralph M. Captain Isaac Satteriy was a son of Robert and Mary (Davis) Satteriy. She was born and raarried on Long Island. Robert was born in England in 1754 ; was pressed into the English array, and carae to Brief Personals. xliii ^^^(?°"2,*''y ^^ ^ soldier in 1776 ; made his escape from the English army, and was married about 1/78. Ihey settled in Vergennes, Vt, and purchased the homestead where they died. They had a family of twelve chUdren, six sons and six daughters, of whom but one is now living — Harriet, born m 1806. Mr. Robert Satteriy died in 1844. Saxton, Nelson A., Waltham, was born in Vermont on May 2, 1808. He was a son of James Saxton, who settied in Vermont in 1799. He was raarried on November 18, 1835, to Achsa Fisher, who was a daughter of George and Achsa (Elmer) Fisher, of Waltham, Vt. Mr. Sax ton purchased the Fisher homestead in 1841, and resided there untU the time of his death, which ¦occurred on July 22, 1874. He was a successful breeder of fine sheep, and ranked high among the best breeders of his day. He held several of the town offices, and represented his town in the General Assembly in 1867 and '68. Mrs. Saxton's paternal grandfather, John Fisher, was •a native of Cheshire, Mass., and was araong the eariy settiers of Addison. His son, George Fisher, settied in Walthara, Vt., in 1816, and occupied the farra and improved the sarae, which is now known as the Saxton farra, on which he resided at the tirae of his death, which occurred on October 1, 1865. He was for many years the leading man of his town, and served as justice of the peace for thirty years ; was town clerk fifteen years, and represented his town three years. Mrs. Saxton now occupies the horaestead. Scott, Edward C, Vergennes, was bom in Chittenden county, Vt, in 1844. He settied in Vergennes, Vt., in 1870, engaged in the butcher business, and in 1880 he added a general stock of groceries and provisions to his general butcher business. He has been sheriff for three terms, and is at the present time water comraissioner of the town. He is one of the most successful business men of his town. He was married in 1865 to Helen L. Kingsley, of Monkton, Vt. They have had three children born to thera — Edward C, jr., Emma Augusta (married on Oc tober 15, 1885, to Len O. AUen), and Gertie Scott (who died in 1876). Edward C. Scott was a son of William J. and Elizabeth (Gaines) Scott. He enlisted in the Seventeenth Vermont in 1864, and served until the close of the war, when he was discharged with his regiment Seeley, Jonathan D., Middlebury, was bom in Danby, Vt, on March 30, 1793. Hewas ed ucated in the common schools. His father was an. early settler in Danby, "V't., and was born in 1758. He had a faraily of nine children, two of whom are physicians and practiced for some years in Addison county, Vt The latter part of his life was spent in the West His several chUdren settled in various States. His son Jonathan was brought up to farming. He was mar ried on May 2, 1817, to Rhoda Kelley, and by her had a family of eleven children, five of whom are now living — John A., Smith K., Isaac (who now resides on the old home place), Jennie A., Frank H. (who is a graduate of Middlebury College, and also of the Theological Seminary, and is a Presbyterian minister; he is now located at Delhi, Delaware county, N. Y.). Jonathan Seeley died on Noveraber 22, 1858, and his wife died on AprU 17, 1877. Mr. Seeley owned a place at Danby, Vt, where he reraained until 1824, when he went to Brandon, Vt, to reside, and there purchased a dairy farra, where he remained until 1837, when he came to Middlebury, Vt., and settied on the Colonel Shipman place, which is now owned by his chUdren, who uow occupy a fine house which was built about 1830 by WiUiam C. Ripley. Jonathan was a Platts burgh volunteer and received a land grant for his services in that carapaign. After coraing to Addison county, Vt, he was largely engaged in wool growing, a business in which he was very successful. Severance, PhUo S., Middlebury, was born in Middlebury, Vt., on February 28, 1840. His parents were Sarauel and (Maria) Munger Severance. Samuel S. was bom in Middlebury, Vt, on May 23, 1809, and was a son of Samuel Severance, sr., who was an early settler. He was educated int he common schools, and brought up to farming. He inherited a portion of the home place, and always resided on that place. He was married in Septeraber, 1833, to Maria L. Munger, a daughter of Samuel Munger. They had a family of two daughters and two sons. The two sons are now living — ^PhUo S. and Martin E. (who is a resideit of Dakota Territory). Mrs. Sev erance died on May 3, 1880. They occupied a very fine residence, which was built by Mr. Sever ance iu 1857. Philo S. was educated in the common schools and preparing for college when he enlisted in Company B, Eleventh Vermont Artillery, on July 16, 1862. He was on the defense of Washington, and was at Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and following that was in the Vermont Brigade ; served until the close of the war, was mustered out at Washington, and discharged as second lieutenant at Burlington, on July 7, 1865, and returned to the home place, which he has since conducted. He was married in 1867 to Helen Atwood, a daughter of George Atwood, of Monkton, Vt They have had two children born to thera — Erama A., born on September 12, 1871 ; and Ernest M., born January 9, 1880. Mr. Severance has been Uster of this town. Shattuck, Eleazer, Lincoln, South Starksboro p. o., for about thirty years a resident of South •Starksboro, Vt, was born in Huntington, Chittenden county, Vt, on May 6, 1825. He was a son of Peter and Electa (Grundy) Shattuck. His mother was a daughter of David Grundy, a native of Brandon, Vt. Eleazer Shattuck was a blacksmith at Huntington, Vt, where he re- xliv History of Addison County. sided for raany years. Peter and Electa, his parents, had several chUdren — Frederick (deceased), Luman, Reuben, and Eleazer. Eleazer has been married twice. His first wife was Eliza , a daughter of Ephraim , of South Starksboro, Vt. His second wife was Alvina Randle, a daughter of Joseph Randle, to whom have been born four children — CoUin, Lizzie (deceased), Martha (deceased), and Josiah (deceased). Mr. Shattuck now owns and occupies a farm of 130 acres. SherrUl, John H., was born al Bast Hampton, L. I., August 28, 1767 ; came to Vergennes in 1795 ; was married to Eunice Case, Noveraber 23, 1793. He had a faraily of four children — Elliott, Fanny, Esther, and Harriet He established the business of wool-carding and cloth- dressing on the falls in 1805; was a prominent business man of his day; was town representa- ative to the Legislature, and mayor several years; died September 28, 1836. Elliott Sherrill was bora at Albany, N. Y., in 1795, and came to Vergennes the same year; was married to Laura BeUamy, December, 1816; had a faraily of five children born to thera — Ann Jane, John Lucian, Frances, Sarauel Elliott, and William A. He carried on business with his father until his death in 1836, and continued the sarae till 1860, when he sold the property and retired from business. He was a man of strict integrity, and held all the corporation offices up to mayor • died April 30, 1881. WUham A. Sherrill was born August 22, 1831 ; raarried on January 22, 1868, to Rhoda Bellamy, of Leeds, Ontario, Canada. Smith, Charles B., Bristol, was born in the town of Hancock, Vt, on September 30, 1838. He was a son of Norraan C. and Sally (Brooks) Smith. Sally Smith was a daughter of John Brooks, who was one of the early settiers in Bristol Flats, Vt. Norraan C. was a native of New Haven MiUs, and was born there in 1809, on April 19. His father was Captain Simon Smith, once a captain of railitia, and a native of Sahsbury, Conn. Charles E. Smith acquired his knowledge of photography in Ludlow, Vt, and succeeded to the business of the late Irving Dunshee, about the year 1871, and by careful application to business has brought the industry up to a successful standard. He does a general portrait work and also India ink and water col ors, and raakes soraething of a specialty of viewing. He has been married twice. His first wife was Mary Fitch, a daughter of Edward Fitch, of Bristol, Vt. She died in 1873, and in 1879 he married for his second wife Ruby Tucker, a daughter of James Tucker, of Bristol, Vt. They had two daughters born to them, the first of whom died in infancy, and the second — Emma Permelia, was born February I, 1886. Sraith, David, Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was born in Leicester, Vt., in 1813. He is a farmer, and one of the directors and vice-president of Vergennes National Bank, also president of Lake Champlain Granite and Marble Corapany, and at various times has held the raost important ofiices in town, and was elected for the third time as a raeraber to the State Legislature. He was married in 1850 to Sarah Barnum, daughter of Heman and Lydia (Rogers) Barnum, of Ferrisburgh, Vt. They have two daughters — Julia EUa and Josepha Barnum. The latter was married in 1884 to C. A. Chapman, son of Albert Chapman, of Middlebury. David Smith was a son of Abiel and Lydia (Hendee) Smith. They had seven children, four of whora are Uving. Lydia was a daughter of Caleb and Caroline (Blsworth) Hendee, and sister of the late General Hendee, of Pittsford, Vt, to whose writings reference is made. And for a more particular de scription of the Sraith branch of the faraily, reference is raade to the records kept by Colurabus Smith, of Salisbury, Vt Smith, H. Kirk, of Vergennes, Vt, was born in Ohio. He was a graduate of Marietta Col lege and also a graduate of a college at Munich, Germany, and on his return to America he en gaged in the naval service as secretary until the close of the war, after which he became con nected with the commissary department, from which he resigned in 1879, retiring from active Ufe at that time, and settling in Vergennes, Vt. Doctor H. Kirk Sraith was a son of Rev. Henry Smtih, D. D., and Hannah (Bates) Smith, a daughter, of Prof. Bates, of Middlebury College, Vt. They settled in Vergennes, and Rev. Henry died there in 1879, leaving a widow and two sons — H. Kirk and Frederick B., of Chicago, 111. Smith, Ira D., Monkton, Monkton Ridge p. o., was born at Monkton, Vt., in 1852. He was married in 1873 to Carrie A. Smith, a daughter of Warren and Mary A. (Sleeper) Smith, and was born in 1854. They have had flve children born to them — George, born in 1874 ; Thaddeus K, born in 1876 ; Fanny I., born in 1878 ; Joseph P., born in 1880 ; and Avah L., born in 1885. Ira D. Smith was a son of Daniel W. and Cynthia M. (Purmort) Smith ; she was born in Frank lin county, Vt, on September 11, 1817, and Daniel was born in Monkton, Vt, on February 21, 1816; they were married in 1845. They had a family of three children born to them — Han nah C. (now Mrs. Monroe Barnum, married in 1867), Ira D., and Sarah S. (raarried in 1874 to Henry W. Wheeler). Daniel W. was married twice ; his flrst wife was Sarah Wickwire, to whom hewas married on February 21, 1842; she died in 1843. Daniel W. was a son of Doctor Ira and Fanny (Willoughby) Sraith. He was born in Bennington county, Vt. He was a graduate of the Castleton Medical College, and practiced in his profession for fifty years in the town of Brief Personals. xlv Monkton, Vt., where he settled. He had a family of two daughters and two sons — Daniel W., Darwin, Betsey, and Angeline, who is the only one now living. Sraith, Jacob, Vergennes, was born in Shaftsbury, Bennington county, Vt, in AprU, 1804. He was in early life a tanner and currier, but later a farmer. He has been alderman of his town, and also colonel of the State militia. He was married in 1834 to Mary Hudson, who was bora in Putney, Vt, in 1805. Mrs. Sraith resided in the family of Deacon Bingham for raany years in early Ufe. They had a family of eight children born to them, six of whom are now hving — Bliza S., Mary G., Isaac H., George O., Helen L., Susan S., and Jane P. One daughter died, leaving a widower and one daughter — Eliza S. Tuthill. Mary (Hudson) Smith's father, Joseph Hudson, was in the War of 1812, and died in 1815. Her mother, AbigaU (Morse) Hudson, died in 1840. She left a family of six children, four of who are now Uving — Mary, WiUiam, Henry, and Aloiizo. Henry and Alonzo are prominent clergymen of the Episcopal order, and WiUiam Hudson is a farraer. Mrs. Smith now resides with her daughters Helen L. and Susan S. Jacob Smith was a son of Isaac and Mary (Galusha) Smith. Smith, John Devotion, Vergennes, claims descent from a long line of Puritan ancestors, the first of whom in America came from England to Massachusetts in 1636. His great-grandfather in 1752 raarried into the family of a French Huguenot named De Votion. His grandfather was in the Army of the Revolution, and in 1786 moved from Sharon, Conn., to Fair Haven, Vt, where he was extensively engaged in manufactures for many years. He died in Panton, Vt., in 1833. WiUiam H. Smith, the father of John D., was born in 1790, and married Electa, •daughter of General Samuel Strong, of Vergennes, and was engaged in mercantile business in West Haven for a few years. He raoved on to a farm in Panton, a mUe and a half frora Ver gennes, where he died in 1843. His wife died in Vergennes in 1867. They had one son and four daughters. John D. Smith and Mrs. Susan Morgan alone survive. John D. was bora in West Haven, Vt, in 1516 ; attended school in Vergennes; was a farmer in Panton from 1839 to 1862, when he moved into Vergennes. He married in 1842 a daughter of Hon. Harvey Bis seU, of Suffield, Conn. She died in 1846, leaving three sons, who have since died. In 1848 he married Emily Church, of Bristol, R. I., now living, as are also four daughters, the oldest of whom is married to E. B. McGovern, of Vergennes. John D. Smith was a raember of the Leg islature from Panton in 1847 and '48; was postmaster in Vergennes frora 1866 to '69; was elected mayor of Vergennes in 1872, '73 and '74, and is now judge of probate forthe district of New Haven, which office he has held since 1870. Smith, Oliver, New Haven, was born in New Haven, Vt, on January 4, 1804. He resided on the homestead untU 1877, when he removed to New Haven, Vt He has been a prominent man in his town, having represented his town in the Legislature for three terms ; served as a judge of the county for three terms, and was a meraber of the Constitutional Convention in 1860. He was married on March 24, 1830, to Adaline Doud, a daughter of Silas and Irena (Scoville) Doud, who were early settlers in New Haven, Vt They have had seven children born to them, six of whom grew to maturity — Otis D. (now a professor of matheraatics at Auburn College, Ala.), and Henry O. (deceased) ; four daughters — EUen V., Cornelia A., Car rie E., and Eliza I. His parents were David and Charrie (Van Dusen) Smith. David Smith settled in New Haven, Vt, in 1798, in the northern part of the town ; cleared and iraproved a farra, on which he resided for many years. He died at the residence of his son Lucius Smith, in Shoreham, Vt, on August 22, 1865, in the ninety-fourth year of his age. He was married twice. His first wife was Sarah Pettibone, by who he had three children — Jonathan, Sarah, and OUve. His second wife was Charrie Van Dusen, by whom he had five children — Otis, Olive Eliza, Lucius, and Martha. Oliver Smith's paternal grandfather was Jonathan Smith, who was a distinguished soldier of the Revolution, and whose four sons — David, Isaac, Jacob, and Jonathan, settled in Vermont. The three last named were lawyers, and became noted in their respective localities. Sneden George W., Weybridge, was born in Weybridge, Vt, October 2, 1839. His parents were Jame's T. and Artaraisia (Gully) Sneden. At an early age he removed with his parents to New Haven Vt., where he continued to reside up to the time he attained his majority, working with his father summers at the carpenters' trade, and teaching school winters. George W. was ed ucated in the common schools, at the high school in Vergennes, and at Beeman Acaderay, New Haven. In the spring ot 1861 he enlisted in Company B, First Vermont Volunteers, being the first man from the town of New Haven to offer his services for his country. Serving out his term of en listment he returned to his horae, and in June, 1862, re-enlisted in Company C, Ninth Vermont Volunteers. He served with his regiment in all its campaigns in North Carolina and Virginia until the close of the war, nearly three years. He was promoted to second lieutenant soon after the battie of Chapin's Farm, Va., in the faU of 1864. He participated in the battles of Harper's Ferry Chapin's Farm, and Fair Oaks, and was at the final evacuation of Richmond, resigning his commission in May, 1865. After returning to civil life he resided in Brookfield for one xlvi History of Addison County. year, in Weybridge one year, and in Starksboro five years, where he conducted a rake factory and wheelwright shop, after which he went to New Haven for three years, working at the car penter and joiner's trade. In the spring of 1875 he came to Weybridge and worked at his trade until May, 1880, when he took charge of the Weybridge grist-miU, which he has since con ducted. He was married March 20, 1865, to Miss Marcia L. Evans, of Randolph, Vt. They have' had three sons born to them — Albert B., who died December 2, 1885, aged nineteen ; ¦ Merle B., now a student at Beeraan Acaderay, New Haven, and Claude M. Mr. Sneden has always taken a deep interest in the issues of the day, and for many years has been an earnest. advocate of the teraperance cause. Spencer, Elmer G., Ferrisburgh, Panton p. o., was bom in East Addison in 1824. He was married on January 20, 1845, to Laura M. Smith, of Bast Addison, Vt, who washborn in 1826. They have had one son and six daughters born to them — George C, Laura, EUa, Matie, Lucy, Bertha, Minnie. Four of the daughters have been teachers, and Bertha and Minnie graduated with great credit from the Castleton State Normal School in 1885. Elraer G. Spencer was a son of Joseph, jr., and Lucy (Elmer) Blakeley, who were married in 1816. They had eight chU dren born to them, of whora two sons and three daughters are now living — Blraer G., Joseph, Charlotte, Elizabeth, and Jennie. Joseph, jr., died in 1874, aged eighty-three years, and his wife died in 1884, aged eighty-nine years. Joseph was a prominent man of his town, and held many of the town offices. He was a son of Joseph, sr., and Elizabeth (Sackett) Spencer. Joseph, sr., came to this country from England with his two brothers and settied on Block Island for a time, after which Joseph settled near Grand View Mountain, where he died, leaving a family of one son and five daughters. Spaulding, Ward, Panton, was born in Panton, Vt, in 1859, in the old Spaulding homestead on Lake street, which property has been in the possession of the Spaulding family since before the tirae of the Revolutionary War, and which was owned by his grandfather and father before him. Ward Spaulding was a son of Hiram and Olive (Ward) Spaulding. She was born in Walthara, Vt., in 1819, and Hirara was born on the old horaestead in 1804. They were raarried in 1850, and had one son born to them — Ward. Hiram's first wife, Elizabeth Hawkins, died in 1848, leaving two children — David and Julius. Hiram was a son of PhUlips and Hannah Spaulding, who were eariy settlers in Panton, Vt Olive Ward was a daughter ot Chester and and Abigail (Hawkins) Ward, who were born and died in Waltham, Vt AbigaU died in 1874, and Chester died in February, 1882, aged ninety-four years. Chester Ward was a son of Jesse and Ruth Ward, who were natives of Connecticut. Squier, Edward H., New Haven, was born in the town of New Haven, Addison county, Vt., on March 10, 1832. His parents were Alvin and Sarah (Hallock) Squier. His paternal grand father was a native of Lanesborough, Mass., and settled in New Haven, Vt, in 1787, where he resided until the time of his death, which occurred in his ninety-second year. His children were Diadaraa, now Mrs. Elias Bottura ; Alicia, Mrs. Whitman Chapman ; Andrew, and Alvin. Ed ward H. Squier is a farmer, and was married in 1856 to Elizabeth Skinner, a daughter of WUl iam Skinner, of Ontario county, N. Y. They have had two children born to them — Alvin and Charles. Stagg, Josiah Newton, Panton, was born in Panton, Vt., in 1833. He was married in 1856- to Harriet L. Grandey, of Panton, Vt They have had a family of four, children born to them — Helen M., Elbert L., Charles G., and Cora Belle. Josiah was a son of Elijah G. and JuUa A. (Kingraan) Stagg. Elijah was born in 1811, and died in 1880. They were married in January, 1832. They had one son born to them — Josiah. Elijah G. Stagg was a general farmer, and was also a justice of the peace of his town. He was a son of Josiah and Rhoda Stagg. Josiah was born on February 4, 1774, and Rhoda was born on October 30, 1785 ; they were married on September 11, 1806. They had a family of nine children bora to thera ; three daughters are now living. Julia Kingraan was a daughter of Mitchell and Sarah (Crane) Kingraan. MitcheU was- born in Connecticut in 1778, and died on Septeraber 6, 1863. Sarah was bora in New Jersey on June 28, 1786, and died in 1862. Mitchell Kingman was in the War of 1812, and settied here about 1800. His wife, Sarah, settled in Bridport, Vt., with her parents, Jesse and Mary Crane, about 1800. Stevens, Carleton T., Vergennes, was born in Panton, Vt., in 1817. He was judge of the County Court in 1883 and '84; was director of the Vergennes Bank from 1865 to '68, and presi dent of the same from 1868. He has also held several corporation offices. He and his brother, Charles 0., engaged in the hotel business in 1835, and engaged in the same untU they sold their interest in the hotel property (1873), and retired from active public business as farmers, etc. They were sons of Thomas and Sally (Tappan) Stevens. He was born in Canaan, Conn., in 1794, and she born at Newark, N. J., in 1797. They were married in Panton, Vt, and had a famUy of four sons and one daughter bora to them. One son died at an early, age. Thomas died in 1835 ; he served in the War of 1812 ; his widow died in 1883. Their chUdren were Carle- Brief Personals. xlvri ton T., bom in 1817; Charles 0., born in 1818; Herrick, born in 1819; Mariette, born in 1824. Thomas Stevens was a son of Zebulun and Sarah Stevens, who carae here from Canaan, Conn.; were married in 1779, and settied in Panton, Addison county, Vt Stevens, Charles 0., Vergennes, was born in Panton, Vt., in 1818. He engaged in the hotel business in 1835 with his brother Carlton T. as a partner, in which business they continued until 1872, when they sold the hotel property and retired from active business life as capitalists. He was married in 1853 to Phebe Thorn, of Addison county, Vt., who died, leaving one child — Martha T. Charies 0. then married his second wife, Ellen M. Parker, in 1859. He was a son of Thomas and Sally A. (Tappan) Stevens, who were raarried in Panton, Vt, in 1816, and had a faraily of four sons and one daughter born to them, all of whom are now living with the ex ception of one son, who died at an early age. Thoraas Stevens served in the War of 1812, and after which his wife received a pension of ninety-six doUars a year. She died in 1883. Strong, Francis M., Vergennes, was born in Pittsford, Rutland county, Vt., in 1829, and settled in Vergennes, Vt., in 1852, as a practical moulder and machinist; in 1856 he invented and manufactured what is now known as the Howe scales, and in 1864 he sold his interest to the Messrs. Howe & Co., and purchased the island mUl ; in 1868 sold the same to N. G. Norton. He then purchased his foundry ahd machine shop, and engaged in the manufacture of hubs. He is also engaged with Charles E. Parker in the manufacture of a road machine known as the "Little Giant," and doing business under the firm name of Strong & Parker, and doing business at Vergennes, Vt. He was married in 1849 to Sarah M. Clark, of Cincinnati, 0. She died in 1881, leaving a family of three children — Herman C, Herbert W., and Frances B. Francis M. married for his second wife Ardelia Beach, in July, 1883. She was a daughter of Allen Beach. Francis M. was a son of Frederick and Sophronia (Chaffee) Strong. He was a nativa of Addi son, Vt, and she of Brandon, Vt. Sullivan, Daniel, Middlebury, was born in the County of Cork, Ireland, on April 25, 1813 He carae to Araerica and settled in the town of Middlebury, Addison county, Vt., in the spring of 1837, and the sarae season engaged in farraing. He afterwards settied in CornwaU, Vt, and entered the eraploy of G. W. Wooster, with whora he reraained for ten years. He was mar ried in 1839 to Mary Twomey, who was bora in county Cork, Ireland, on March 25, 1814. They had eleven children born to them, eight sons and three daughters, nine of whom are now living. He carae to Middlebury, Vt, in 1857, and purchased the place where he has since Uved, and which consists of about 100 acres, and m 1879 he purchased the faraily residence. He is a prosperous and successful citizen. Sumner, Henry G., Bristol, grandfather of Hiram S. Sumner, of Bristol Flats, Vt. Henry G. married Sally Hall, and to thera were born a large faraily, of whom Thoraas, the father of Hiram S., was the eldest He married Dorcas M. FuUer, of Potsdam, St. Lawrence county, N. Y"., where they resided until 1841 , when they settled in Middlebury, Vt, where they en gaged in farming. They had a faraily of four chUdren born to thera — Charlotte, Mrs. Elia Austin, of Bristol, Vt ; Mary E., now Mrs. Harrison Gove, of Bristol, Vt After the death of his first wife he married Harriet Boynton, a daughter of David Boynton, of New Haven, Vt., and by her had one child —Frank B., born on January 21, 1856. He married Libbie 0. Laird, a daughter of John Laird, of Middlebury, Vt, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. He purchased his miU property in 1883 frora George N. Varney. They had a farm of thirty- five acres, and also has eighty-four swarms of bees. Henry and George Henry Sumner were twins. They settied on farms in the south part of Bristol, Vt, which are now occupied by Robert Place, and which is a part of the estate of the late James Barry. Henry G. married Sally HaU, and by her had a faraily of two children, one of whora grew to raaturity — Seneca,. who was married twice. His first wife was Sylvia MiUs, a daughter of Ralph Mills, by whom he had a family of two children — Carlos C. and Delia M. His second wife was Mrs. Albert C Eastman by whom he had two chUdren — Hirara S. and Caroline (deceased). Hirara S.. was born on May 24, 1834. He married Olive GuUey, of Addison, Vt., by whom he had four children. Tappen Josiah S., Panton, Vergennes p. o., was bom in Panton, Vt, in 1811, and died on June 4 1880. He was married on November, 20, 1834, to Samantha S. Shepard, who was born in' Panton Vt, on February 9, 1817. They have had five children born to thera, two of whom are now'Uving — Shepard, born in 1836, married Susan House, of Troy, N. Y. ; Row land J born in 1840, married Isabella Butman, ot Ohio ; Harriet A., born in 1838, and died in 1858 ¦ 'silas born in'l843, and died in 1883, and J. J. Wright, bom in 1851, and died in 1873. Samantha A (Shepard) Tappen was a daughter of Samuel and Lucy (Wright) Shepard. Sam uel was born in Hartford county. Conn., in 1788, and died, aged ninety-one years, in 1858. Lucy was born in Weybridge, Vt., in 1785, and died in 1848. They had a family of two children born to them — Ditus C. and Samantha. Ditus was born in 1812, and died in 1884, in Florida. By his first wife Rachel Grandy, he had a faraUy of three children — Lyman, Samantha, and' xlviii History of Addison County. Diantha. Samantha is now the only living one. Sarauel Shepard settled here in 17 — , and purchased the farm where Mrs. Samantha Tappan now resides with her grandson, Arthur Tap- pen, an only child, and his mother, who is the widow of SUas Tappen ; married Emily 0. Curtis ; died in 1884. Josiah S. Tappen was a son of Silas and Anna (Stagg) Tappen, who were born and married in New Jersey. They had a family of three sons and three daughters born to them — Sally, Betsey, Jacob, Molly, Charles 0., and Josiah. SUas Tappen, born in 1778 and died in 1868, was married twice. His second wife was Marcia Baker. Taylor, Maylon E., New Haven, was born in SaUsbury, Vt, on April 26, 1826. He went to Michigan in 1844, and remained there until 1852, when he returned to Vermont, and has been a resident ot New Haven, Vt, ever since. He was married in 1859 to EUen Mills, a daughter of Ralph and Abigail (Sumner) MUls. They have had three children born to them — Samuel L., Ira M., and Herbie M. Mr. Taylor is a representative farmer of New Haven, Vt, and occupies a farra of 312 acres, and also keeps a dairy of thirty cows. He was the first breeder of Cotswold sheep in New Haven, Vt., in which he is stiU interested. He is also largely interested in the breeding of Hambletonian horses. His parents were Samuel and Betsey (Cottrell) Taylor, who were natives of Addison county. Samuel Taylor was twice married. His first wife was Betsey Cottrell, a daughter of Patrick Cottrell, who was a native of Ireland and an early settler in Middlebury, "V't. They had six chUdren born to them — Julia, Jane, Mahlon N., Catherine, Myron, and Annie. His second wife was Drusilla Briggs, of Rochester, Vt., and by whom he had four children — Daniel E., Harry E., Louisa, and Melissa. He was a saddler by trade, but followed farming also for many years. Mahlon L. Taylor's paternal grandfather was Samuel Taylor, sr., of Litchfield, Conn., who was an early settler in Salisbury, Vt, where he died. He had a family of ten children — Alpheus, Stephen, Betsey, Sally, Samuel, MeUnda, Annie, Daniel, Horace, and Harriet Of these, Samuel, jr., came into the possession of the homestead at the death of his father, where he resided for many years. Ten Broeke, William H., Panton, was born in Vergennes, Vt., in 1832. He is a farmer, and occupies the old homestead. He was a town clerk for twenty-three years, and has held many of the town offices. He also has been a music teacher. He was married in 1857 to Sarah Hayes, of FerrLsburgh, Vt. She was a daughter of Alanson and Parmelia (Roberts) Hayes, and died in 1873 on August 4, leaving a family of five chUdren, three of whom are now living — James, Sarah E., and IsabeUa. WiUiam H. Ten Broeke then married for his second wife EUa Adams, of Addison, Vt., in 1874. She was a daughter of Edrick Adams, of Addison, Vt. James gradu ated from Middlebury College in 1883, and is now a student at the Theological College at Roch ester, N. Y. William H. Ten Broeke was a son of Rev. James and Mary M. (Tappan) Ten Broeke. She was bom in Panton, Vt, in 1804, and James was born in Surrey, England, in 1800. He left England in 1813 and settled in Addison, Vt, where he died in 1855. They had a family of five children born to them — Jane A., William H., Charles 0., Sarah Elizabeth, and Mary E. Rev. James Ten Broeke was a teacher for many years of his Ufe. He was ordained as a Baptist minister on June 4, 1835, and preached for many years in Port Henry, Vergennes, and Panton, Vt. He purchased his farm homestead in March, 1826. He was raarried in 1822, by Squire Samuel Shepard, of Panton, Vt. Thoraas, Charles A., Monkton, Bristol p. o., was born in 1833. He was a son of George and Mary A. (Holmes) Thomas. She was born in Monkton, Vt, in 1822, and he was born in 1817. They were married in 1849, and have had two sons born to them — Charles A., born in 1853 ; Andrew H., born in 1855. Mary (Holmes) Thomas was a daughter of Jonathan and Arletty Holmes, who were natives of Dutchess county, N. Y. He settled here about 1787, with his parents. George Thomas was married twice. He had by his first wife, Caroline Barnum, one son, George Rollin, who was born in 1840. George Thomas, sr., has been a successful farmer, and an influential raan of his town. He was a son of John and BoUna (Smith) Thomas. She was born in Monkton, Vt., and he was born in Connecticut in 1791, and carae to Monkton, Vt, with his parents in 1796. He was a son of Thomas and Rebecca (Carter) Thomas. They had a family of nine children born to them. Thomas died in 1799., Rebecca then married for her second husband Dr. Dan Stone. They had three sons born to them. John and Bolina had a family of flve children born to them. Two are now living — John and George. Thompson, Hiram, New Haven, was bom in Hector, Tompkins county, N. Y., on October 1, 1830. He was married December 28, 1858, to Electa S. Young, a daughter of Heraan and Sal ly (Carap) Young. They have had three children — Leslie H. and Volnie J., both deceased, and one daughter, Ettie A., now Uving. Hirara was a son of Jaraes and AbigaU (Eldred) Thompson, who had a family of nine chUdren — Eraraa (Mrs. A. B. Ros?e) ; M. Jane (Mrs. R. T. Bristol) ; Abigail (Mrs. Abel Bristol) ; Julia A. (now the widow of Dr. Hathaway, of Milton, Vt) ; Rhoda A. (Mrs. B. J. Curler) ; Alpa (Mrs. Robert Curler) ; and Alfred J., all now living. Hirara's paternal grandfather was James Thorapson, who was a native of Salisbury, Conn., came to New Haven, Vt, in 1794, and settled on the farm now owned by Hiram Wheeler. He after- Brief Personals. xlix wards removed to the farm now owned by the heirs of James Thorapson, jr., where he died in November, 1842. He was twice married. His first wife was Lucretia Chatfield, of Connecti cut, by whom he had nine chUdren. His second wife was Betsey Keeler, by whom he had one son,^ aU of whora are now dead, except one daughter now living in the State of Michigan. Hi rara's maternal grandfather was John Eldred, who was a native of Rhode Island, and was a resident of New Haven, Vt., for many years. Thompson, WaUace J., Vergennes, was born in Bridport, Addison county, Vt, in 1834. He was in early life a farmer, and in 1874 he engaged in the general grocery and provision trade, also dealing in butter and cheese, and still continues the management of the farm. He has been Uster of his town. He was married in 1864 to Wilhelmina Preston, of Vergennes, Vt. He was a son of Julius W. and Hester A. (Bacon) Thompson, who were raarried in 1832. Hester was born in 1811 and died in 1874, and Julius W. was bom in 1806 and died in 1885. They had a family of seven chUdren born to them, two sons and five daughters — WaUace J., Lavis 0., Adelaide Martha, Helen, Clara, Bmma. Towsley, Dr. Norman J., Panton, was born in Rupert, Vt, in 1815. He read medicine in Pawlet, Vt., and graduated from the Castieton Medical College, Vt, in 1843, after which he set tled in Lincoln, Vt, in 1845, where he remained until 1846, when he settied in Panton, Vt, and now enjoys a large practice as a physician and surgeon. He was postmaster for fifteen years; town superintendent of schools for raany years, and represented his town in the Asserably in 1880 and 1881. He was married in 1844 to Betsey Bromley, of Pawlet, Vt, a daughter of Lovine Bromley. They have had four children bom to them, two now living — Josephine, married in 1867 to S. S. Gaines, and Xurry H., married in 1883 to Queenie Dalton, of England. Xurry was a graduate of Vermont University at BurUngton, Vt, and also from the Medical Department in 1879. He is now a Methodist clergyman. Dr. Norraan J. Towsley was a son of Elihu and Charlotte (Cross) Towsley. She was bom in Boston, Mass., and Elihu was born in Rfipert, Vt., where he died. His wife, Charlotte, died in Chautauqua county, N. Y. They had a faraUy of seven children born to thera, three of whora are now living — Dr. Norraan J. and two sis ters. TuUy, Peter, Cornwall, was born in County Cavan, Ireland, in June, 1810. His parents were John and Bridget (Rogers) TuUy. He came to Araerica in 1835, and went to Harrisburgh, Penn., where he remained one year, and enlisting in 1836 in the First Artillery U. S. army he was sent to Florida, and under the coramand of General Jessup was present at the battle of the Everglades, and took part in the exploring which was under the command of Lieutenant Fowler, and in which expedition Fowler lost his life. He was in the Cherokee campaign, after which he was sent to Maine, to Hancock's barracks, where he was disabled and sent to the ho.spital, and after recovery he was sent to Plattsburgh, where he received his discharge, after serving three years. He worked at Plattsburgh, and was married there in 1840 to IsabeUa McWiUiams, who was born in County Derry, Ireland, on May 30, 1820. He resided in the town of Platts burgh, N. Y., and there conducted a farm, until the fall of 1869, when he came to CornwaU and purchased the place on which he now resides, which was the former home of Judge TU den, and consists of 252 acres. He also occupies the residence which was built by Mr. Tilden a great many years ago. He devotes his entire attention to farraing. He has a faraily of twelve children, aU of whom, with the exception of two, are residents of Addison county. Mr. TuUy is a self-made man, having no start in life. Tuttle, Stiles A., Vergennes, was born in Monkton, Vt., in 1846, and settled in Vergennes, Vt., in 1865. He was a farmer in early lite, after which he worked as a cabinet maker, and in the year 18'71 he engaged in the shade roUer business for a time, and in 1883 was made general manager of the factory organization, which gives employraent to from thirty-five to forty men. He was married in 1880 to Martha CoUins. His parents were J. C. and Sarah (Brooks) Tuttie. J. C. Tuttle died in 1872, aged sixty-eight years, leaving five chUdren, four of whom are now living— Satteriy, StUes A., Elma, and Mary. Varney, Enoch, Bristol, was bom in the town of Charlotte, Chittenden county, Vt., on Octo ber 5 ISOS'. His parents were Hezekiah and Elizabeth (Palmer) Varney. His mother was a daughter of Enoch Palmer, who settied in Monkton, Vt., during the early settiement of that town. Hezekiah Varney lived and died in Monkton, Vt., on the homestead which is now occu pied by his son-in-law, Hiram Perkins, who married Judith Varney. Hezekiah died on the old homestead at the age of eighty-seven years. His children were Anna, Sarah, Rachel, Jacob, Lydia Mary, Enoch, Hannah, and Judith. Enoch Varney was married in 1831 to Amanda Pease' a daughter of Obed and Lydia (Lamos) Pease. She was born in Starksboro, Vt, on August 15 1812.- Ob^d Pease, her father, was bom on AprU 20, 1789, in the town of Weston, Windsor county Vt. Enoch Varney has had a family of six children born to him. They are as follows: Noble L., bom on December 15, 1832 ; Mervin P., born on August 23, 1836; Beu lah S. born on September 12, 1841, now Mrs. A. C. Jacobs, of Massachusetts; MUo S., born on &2 History of Addison County. March 24, 1843; Watson H., born on January 7, 1846; and Carrie L., bom on November 4, 1855. Merwin P., second son of Enoch, is engaged in the mercantile business at Bristol, Vt. He raoved to the town from Salem, IU., in 1870, where he resided for eleven years. He was married on July 31, 1861, to Eliza Gilbreath, a daughter of Robert and Elizabeth (Johnson) Gilbreath, of St Lawrence county, N. Y. They have had three chUdren born to them — A. Wat son, born on July 5, 1863 ; Lucmda S., bom on December 29, 1868; and E. Warner, born on November 27, 1877. Mrs. Varney was bom Noveraber 8, 1837. Mr. Varney has been select man of his town for about six years. Varney, William W., Lincoln. James Varney was the ancestor of this family. He carae ta the town of Lincoln, Vt, from Dover, N. H., about 1796. He married Mary Meader, and set tled on the farra which is now owned and occupied by his grandson, WiUiam W. Varney, and Irvin A. Colby. He had a family of three sons and three daughters, all of whom were bom in Lincoln, Vt Of these chUdren only one son is now living, Daniel Varney, of Fond du Lao, Wis. WiUiam Varney was bora on August 15, 1823. He now owns and occupies a part of the old homestead. He was married on February 6, 1850, to Louise B., daughter of Moses and Eleanor Varney, and by her had a family of four children — Charles W., born June 5, 1855 ; Ada H., born July 27, 1857, now Mrs. Edson M. Irish, of Lincoln, Vt. ; Carrie L., born on AprU 6, 1861, died young; Luna C, born April 11, 1863, died at an early age. Mrs. Varney was born on October 22, 1831. Mr. Varney married for his second wife Jane E. Downer, an adopted ¦ daughter of Joel Farr, on July 22, 1866, and by her has had a family of four children — George R., born May 29, 1867 ; Valentine M., born October 25, 1869 ; Mary B., born on October 13, 1871 ; Margery C., bora on November 28, 1873; and Frank L., born on August 29, 1875, and died on June 10, 1881. Mr. Varney held the office of constable for two years; also that of selectman for several years, and represented i-he town in the Legistature two years. He now owns «,nd occupies a farm of one hundred and forty-one acres. Wainwright, LockUn, Middlebury, was born in Salisbury, Addison county, Vt, on April 13, 1813. His parents were William and Annie (Baldwin) Wainwright. WiUiam Wainwright was born in Middlebury, Conn., in 1782, and came with his father, Jonathan Wainwright, to Addison county, Vt., about 1803. He settled on a place adjoining that of his father, where he spent the remainder of his days. He had a famUy of four sons and four daughters, of whom but two are now living — Alanson, now a resident of Brandon, Vt., and LockUn. He died on January 2, 1858. LockUn was educated in the coramon schools, and was brought up to farming, and re mained at home untU the time of his marriage, which occurred in February, 1838. His wife was Mary B. Forbes, and was a daughter of Luther Forbes, a former and well-known resident of Middlebury, Vt. Mrs. Wainwright was bom in March, 1818. They settled on the place on which they now reside in the spring of 1838, and which was first settled by Thomas Chipman, and is a very fine place and consists of one hundred and twenty acres. They have had five children — Mary Jane (died in 1849 at the age of eight years) ; Addie E., now Mrs. H. P. Hulett; Albert A., a resident of West Randolph, Vt; CharUe A., and Volney, who died in Wyoming Territory on July 14, 1874, at the age of twenty-three years. Walker, James 0., Ferrisburgh, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1840, and is one of the prominent farmers and business men of this town. He took to farming in early life, in which he has been very successful. In 1882 he commenced the business of the buying and seUing of hay, straw, and grain, and is now one of the present firm of Booth & Walker, having receiving de pots at Vergennes and New Haven, Vt. He now owns and occupies his grandfather's old homestead. He was married in 1867 to M. M. Beady, of Charlotte, Chittenden county, Vt. They have a faraily of two children — Jennie and Zuriel. James 0. Walker was a son of Zuriel and Mary (Johnson) Walker. She was born in Connecticut and died in 1875. He was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., and died in 1872. They had a family of ten children — three daughters and seven sons, six sons of whora are now living. Zuriel Walker was a son of Obadiah and Betsey (Tupper) "Walker, who were born in Connecticut and married at Bennington, Vt, and became early settlers of Ferrisburgh, Vt. Obadiah Walker was a meraber of the State Legislature for eight years, and enjoyed the unbounded esteem and confidence of his fellow citizens. His son- Zuriel Walker represented Ferrisburgh in the Legislature in 1832, '33, and '34, and was a mem ber of the State Senate in 1848 and '49. He was a justice of the peace for twenty-five years, town clerk for thirteen years, and also held other numerous offices. Warren, Colonel Stephen N., Orwell, was born in the town of Schroon, Essex county, N. Y., on May 26, 1815. He has been a resident of the town of Orwell, Vt, since the year 1817. His father. Captain Philip Warren, was an officer in the War of 1812, and commanded an artil lery company at the battle of Plattsburgh. He was a native of the town of Townsend, Wind ham county, Vt., where he was bora on July 19, 1788. He moved to the town of Lanesboro, Berkshire county, Mass., and from there he went to the town of Schroon, N. Y., in 1811. He married Electa Northrup, a daughter of Stephen Northrup, of Cheshire. Mass., where she was Brief Personals. H born on May 4, 1788. They had a family of four children born to them— Stephen N.; Ahneda T., now the wife of T. B. Smith, of Brandon, Vt, bora on January 26, 1819 ; Electa (deceased), died in 1829 at the age of three years ; and Eari L., born on August 7, 1837, at OrweU, Vt., and waskUled by accident at that place on October 20, 1883. Colonel Warren was married on September 10, 1846, to Jane A. Royce, a daughter of Alpheus Royce, who was a native of Orwell, Vt, and a son of Jonas Royce, who was one of the pioneers of OrweU, Vt. Mrs. Warren was born in OrweU, Vt, on April 10, 1820. They have one daughter— Jennie N., who was born in OrweU, Vt, on February 3, 1861. Mr. Warren attended a miUtary school located at Norwich, Vt. He has been colonel of the Sixth Regiment Vermont militia, having previ ously held commissions as captain, major and lieutenant-colonel. His regiment disbanded in 1850. He has figured somewhat prominently in the pubhc affahs of the town, having held the office of justice of the peace since 1860, and has been lister and assessor at various periods since 1855. His estate consists of two hundred acres. Welch, M. H., Middlebury, was bom in Ireland, County SUgo, on September 14, 1820. He carae to America with his parents in 1830, and settied in Brandon, Rutiand county, Vt. He received his education in the public schools of this town, and remained on the farm until eighteen years of age. He then went into a shop to learn the machinist trade, and remained in the same shop for about eight years. He was married in 1844 to Harriet A. Hubbard, who was a native of Windsor county, Vt. He came to Middlebury, Vt, in 1849, and there worked for James Davenport, with whom he reraained for five years, after which he returned to Bran don, Vt, and there engaged in the hardware business, a business which he foUowed for about three years. After giving up his business in Brandon, Vt, he returned to Middlebury, Vt, and then organized the firm of Welch & Earl, which continued until Mr. Welch retired from the business in the spring of 1869. He died on AprU 14, 1874. He was an esteemed citizen and prominent business man of the town ; was selectman of the town for about three years, and also held many other minor offices. , West, Daniel C, Middlebury, was born in New Haven, Addison county, Vt, on April 27, 1807. His parents were Joseph and Phoebe (Griswold) West Joseph West was born in Danby, Vt., in 1777, and came to Addison county with his father, Israel West, about 1780. The family first settled in Vergennes, where Israel West followed his trade of blacksmithing for many years. He moved to Waltham in 1798 and purchased a large farm, and engaged in farm ing as well as blacksmithing. He sold out here and removed to the town of New Haven, and purchased the farm now owned by his grandson. His son Joseph also inherited the sarae after the death of Israel, and resided on it during his life. He had a family of two sons and three . danghters. Only one son is now living. He died in 1830. Daniel C. was educated in the common schools and engaged in farraing. Upon the death of his father he inherited the horae stead and cared for his mother and the balance of the family. He was raarried on September 29, 1831, to Jane Ann Gage, who lived sixteen years after her raarriage, and died in 1843. He was married the second time on January 9, 1849, to Clara P. Farrar, a daughter of Caleb Farrar, a former and weU-known resident of Middlebury. He devoted his time to farraing and the rais ing of sheep, and owns one hundred and sixty acres. He always declined public office. He re tired frora his farm and active life in the year 1881, and came to Middlebury, where they have since resided. Wetherbee, Amos, Vergennes, was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., on Septeraber 27, 1818. He began his life as a farmer, a business of which he made a success. He settied in Vergennes, Vt, in 1864, and has dealt largely in land and general stock, and is also a general speculator, and is called upon largely in the settlement of estates. His grandfather was a Ueutenant at the battle of Bennington, Vt He was married in 1842 to Mary AUen, a daughter of Solomon and Cath erine P. (Cross) AUen. Amos has a family of four daughters— NeUie L., Anna C, Mary E., (who married Phelps B. Smith ; they have had one chUd born to them, Nancy M.), and Bmma L. Amos Wetherbee was a son of Joshua and Anna ( Barnes ) Wetherbee, who were married in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1817. Joshua was born in New Hampshire in 1789 and died in 1861, and his wife, Anna, was bom in 1799 and died in 1866. They had a family of two children born to them Amos, bom in 1818 ; and Emily, born in 1828. Joshua was in the War of 1812 and '14, «nd came to Ferrisburgh, Vt., when a boy. Whitford, Ezra W., Addison, was bom in the town of Addison, Addison county, Vt, on November 9,' 1845. His parents were WUUam T. and Almina T. (Seeger) Whitford. He was educated in the common schools, and received a fair education ; was brought up to farming pur suits and managed the home place until the death of his father, which occurred in 1878. He was 'raarried in December, 1869, to Addie F. Wood, of Crown Point, N. Y. His mother died in 1884 and he purchased all interests in the home place, and now owns one hundred and twelve acres'. He is a successful farmer and dairyman. He has a family of two children, one son and one daughter— Herbert B., bora September 23, 1871 ; and Myrtie A., bora March 29, 1873. lii History of Addison County. Whitford, Gideon W., Addison, was born in Addison, Addison county, Vt., on August 10, 1828. His parents were William T. and Almina S. (Seeger) Whitford. WUliam T. was born in Addison county, on the Whitford homestead, in 1802. On reaching raanhood he settled on the place now owned and occupied by his son, Ezra Whitford. He spent his days on this place, remodeling and improving it. He was a successful raan during his life, and reared a family of ten chUdren to maturity, nine of whora are now living. He was a raeraber of the Baptist Church for raany years, and died on April 20, 1878. Gideon W. Whitford was educated in the coramon schools and received an ordinary common school education. He was brought up to farming, and remained at home on the farra until of age. He was married on January 18, 1849, to Electa L. GuUey, a daughter of E. A. GuUey, who was a farraer and well-known resident of Addison. In 1851 Mr. Whitford settled on the place where he has since resided, which was formerly the Eli Norton farm. He conducted it on shares for some six years, when he pur chased the John Hinds place. About thirteen years ago he purchased the Eli Norton farm, which then consisted of ninety acres. It now numbers three hundred and fifty acres. He has been a very successful farmer and stock raiser. He has filled many of the town offices. He represented his town in 1880. He settled on his farm in 1875, and buUt a very fine residence on the sarae in 1877. His wife died July 2, 1878, and he then raarried his second wife, Flora A. Barber, of Canton, N. Y., on February 18, 1885. His mother, Mrs. WiUiam Whitford, died on Septeraber 4, 1884. White, Horatio Nelson, Panton, Vt, was bom in St. Armand, P. Q., on October 23, 1802. He was the eldest child of Ebenezer and Candace (Smith) White, who were natives of Worces ter county, Mass. Soon after the birth of their son they removed to Essex, Vt, and shortly after to Burlington, Vt., where they ever after lived, and where they died. It was there his boyhood days were spent; but as the parents were poor and other children were added to the family, it became necessary that as early as possible they should become self-supporting. While quite young he obtained a situation as "cabin boy" upon one of the numerous vessels that in those days did the freighting on Lake Champlain. His winters were spent in service upon the land. He worked his way up from his hurable position until he becarae captain and owner of a vessel, and was ever after farailiarly known as " Captain White." A hfe upon the water had a peculiar charm for him, and its incidents he recounted with rauch pleasure, even to the last days of his life. On the 31st of Deceraber, 1829, he was raarried to Syrena Adams, a daughter of Friend and Elizabeth (Stagg) Adams, who was born in Panton, Vt, October 27, 1808. In 1830 he left the lake, and the following year they began Ufe together upon a farm in Ferrisburgh, Vt On AprU 10, 1834, they removed to a farm in Panton, Vt., where they ever after resided. Here they raised a faraUy of five children, three sons and two daughters — Friend A., born January 1, 1833 ; Frances E., born AprU 17, 1834 ; WiUiara E., born August 13, 1836 ; George A., bom March 19, 1838 ; and Candace E., born July 2, 1842. The youngest son, George A., in response to his country's caU, enlisted in Corapany K, Second Vermont Regiment, in the spring of 1861, and died in the United States Hospital at West Philadelphia, Pa., August 22, 1862. The other four are stiU living. The wife and mother, Syrena, died September 23, 1876. The father, Horatio Nelson, was married to Mrs. Susan B. Spaulding, of Rutland, Vt., formerly a resident of Panton, on April 13, 1880, and died on May 4, 1886. He ever had a lively interest in the affairs of the town, filled responsible offices, was three times its chosen representative, etc. He was a member of the M. B. Church for nearly half a century. Wheeler, Hirara, New Haven, was born in New Haven, Vt., on March 19, 1823, and where, with the exception of eighteen years, he has lived. He was raarried in 1849 to Ann B. Hard, a daughter of Lansing and Aurilla (Marsh) Hard, of Ferrisburgh, Vt., and by whom he had two chUdren — Hermina (Mrs. W. L. Whittier) and Sophronia (Mrs. C. B. Drake). His parents were Orrin and Huldah (Field) Wheeler. Orrin Wheeler was born on February 3, 1799, and was married in 1822 to Huldah Field, a daughter of Stephen Field, of Ferrisburgh, Vt, by whom he had eleven children — Hirara, John, Delia, Martha, Edson, Horace, Preserved, Milton, Ida, Annie, and Henry. He died on the horaestead in 1867, aged sixty-eight years. Hiram Wheeler's pa ternal grandfather was Preserved Wheeler, who was born in Lanesborough, Mass., and with his parents removed to Wyoming, Pa., at an early day, and where his father, Peter, was killed at the time of the Indian massacre, when his mother with her three children made her way back to Lanesborough, Mass., with the aid of one horse. Preserved Wheeler was born in Lanes borough, Mass., June 9, 1769, and came to New Haven, Vt., in 1781 ; settled on the farm now owned by A. T. Smith. He was married in 1790 to Esther Bacon, ot Lanesborough, Mass., and by whom he had eight chUdren — Horace, Annie, Polly, Orrin, Tolman, Preserved, jr., Bacon, and Hiram; and by his second wife, PoUy Johnson, he had five children — Esther L., Royal, Caroline, Henry, and Betsey. He died on March 15, 1856. Wilkins, J. Reuben B., Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was born in Vergennes, Vt, Septem ber 18, 1834. He is a general farmer, town superintendent of schools, and a graduate of the Brief Personals. Iiii University of Vermont in the class of 1855. In 1856 he read law with W. W. Peck, esq., in Burlington, Vt, and was admitted to the bar at Albany, N. Y., in 1857. He was married in e-n *° ?-^'""®* -^- G-uinnip, daughter of Matthias B. and Margaret (Pinney) Guinnip, residents of Watkins, Schuyler county, N. Y. Three chUdren were born to them in Ferrisburgh, Vt — Anna M., Daniel N., and Alice B. J. Reuben B. was a son of Samuel A. and Ann Smith (Nichols) Wilkins. She was born in Newtown, Conn., in 1800, and he was bom in Cornish, N. H., m 1795. They were raarried at Vergennes, Vt, in 1820. They had a family of two chil dren born to them— Mary Ann (who died in the Ursuline Convent, at Three Rivers, Canada, in 1846) and J. Reuben B., who lives on the farm in Ferrisburgh, Vt, which was set to hira by the wiU of Daniel Nichols, his grandfather. Ann Sraith Nichols was daughter of Daniel and Mary Ann (Booth) Nichols; she died in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1845. Samuel A. WUkins died in Wash ington, D. C, in 1873, and was buried in Salera, N. Y. WiUard, Doctor George P. B., Vergennes, was born in Boston, Mass., in 1853. He was a graduate of Middlebury College in 1876, and also a graduate of the St. Louis Medical CoUege in 1883, after which he settied in Vergennes, Vt. He was married in December, 1883, to H. Ada Vedder, who was born at Whitehall, Illinois. They have had one daughter born to them — Delana B. George P. B. WUlard was a son of George and Delana D. (Lake) WUlard. She was born in Addison county, Vt., and he was born in Prescott, Canada, and died in 1860, leaving five children. WiUiams, Frank A., Bridport, was born in Bridport, Addison county, Vt., on July 29, 1831. He was educated in the common schools at Bridport, and also at the select schools at Vergennes and Bridport He was brought up on the homestead to farming pursuits. He was lister of the town in early years, selectman for three years prior to 1878, when he represented his town,in the Legislature; he also had charge of the Fletcher Cemetery fund for two years. He is a suc cessful breeder of fine sheep, horses, and also has a large and very fine dairy, and owns 305 acres of the finest land in town. He occupies the handsome family residence purchased by Colonel Cook in 1816. He was married on June 4, 1857, to Mary Agnes Pease, who was a daughter, of Lyman Pease. They have five chUdren, three daughters and two sons — Henry K., Anna P. Gertrude C, Estella M., and Mark Pease, all of whora are at horae. Frank A. Williams was a son of Araasa and Lucinda (Sift) Williams. Araasa Williams was bora in Bridport, Vt, in 1794, on the farm originally settled by his father, Joseph WUliams, who settled in Addison county about 1786, on the place now owned by Robert Hutchinson. Joseph Williams erected a cloth- dressing establishment on Dead Creek, built a dam there, and continued his business in this sarae place until the time of his death, which occurred in 1845. He was a pioneer and successful man. He had a family of four sons and four daughters. His son Amasa rnarried "Lucinda Swift on November 29, 181 6. He raised three children to maturity — Lovina (who was the wife of C. D. Keeler ; is now deceased), Joseph S. (who is a very successful citizen of Bridport), and Frank A. Winans, Martin W., Ferrisburgh, Vergennes p. o., was bom in Ferrisburgh, Vt., on February 12, 1823. He was married in 1865 to Ida A. (Newton) Webster. Mr. Martin W. Winans died on May 19, 1885, leaving three sons — James P., born 1869; Herbert W., born 1874; and Frank L. N., born June 15, 1877. Mrs. Ida Winans married for her first husband Doctor Jonas Web ster, in 1856. He died in June, 1863. She was born in Ferrisburgh, Vt., in 1833, and was a daughter of Joseph and Abigail (Smith) Newton. Joseph was a native of Dutchess county, N. Y., and Abigail was a native of Saratoga county, N. Y. They settled in Ferrisburgh, Vt, in 1810. They had eleven children born to them, eight of whora are now living; six are residents of Addison county, Vt. — WUliam, Polly A., Joseph, Lucy, Catherine, Emeline, John, and Ida A. Mr. Newton died in September, 1858, and Mrs. Newton died in August, 1866, aged seventy-five years. Martin W. Winans was a son of James I. and Ida (Rogers) Winans, who were married on July 14, 1810, and settled in this county at the Harbor, at Ferrisburgh, Vt They had six chUdren born to them, two of whom are now hving — Barnum, born in 1818; and Ida Ann, bora 1820. James was born in 1763, and died in September, 1830 ; his wife, Ida Winans, died on October 27 1853. James Winans and his brother, John Winans, are credited with buUding the first steamboat that ever ran on Lake Champlain, and were ship-carpenters and buUders by trade. John was captain of the steamer. Mrs. Martin W. Winans now resides on the old home stead which is a beautiful place on Lake Champlain called "Basin Harbor," and has becorae a great summer resort. Woodworth, Charies, Middlebury, was born in the town of Weybridge, Addison county, Vt. on February 16, 1815. His parents were Guy and AbigaU (Ingersoll) Woodworth. Guy Wo'odworth was a native of Connecticut, and was born in 1776 ; came to Addison county Vt. in 1800, purchased the place now the horae of his son Charles. He was raarried in 1804, and in the same year reraoved to Weybridge, Vt, where he engaged in the manufacture of scythes. He was quite extensively engaged in this industry, and employed a nuraber of raen, liv History of Addison County. continuing in this business during the reraainder of his active life. He had a faraily of three sons and three daughters, of whom four are now living. He was selectman of Weybridge, Vt, for several years, and a successful business man; died on March 10, 1867. Charles W. Wood- worth was educated in the coramon schools, brought up to farming; after his father retired from farming he conducted the business, and gave his whole attention to the work. He sold the water privilege to the Middlebury Pulp Company, in 1880. The old shop now stands there as it was built by his father, in 1805. He has given his attention entirely to farraing after giving up his shop. He was quite active in railitary matters, having in an early day been cap tain in a corapany. He was raarried in 1865 to Ruth Page, of Lincoln, Vt. They have had one chUd born to thera — Charles Guy, born August 12, 1871. Woodbridge, Frederick S., Vergennes, was born in Addison county, Vt., in 1818. He was a graduate of the University of Vermont in 1841, and admitted to the bar in 1843. He has rep resented his district in the Legislature for four years, and represented the same in the Senate for three terms ; he has also been State auditor, prosecuting attorney for the State, a member of Congress for several years, and president pro tem. of the Senate for three years, and served on judiciary comraittee at Washington. He was raarried in 1846 to Mary Halsey, a daughter of Major Halsey. They have had a family of five children bom to them, four sons and one daugh ter — Doctor Enoch D. (a graduate of Yale College, and also of the New York College for Phy sicians and Surgeons, after which he spent two years in BeUevue Hospital; he settled in Ver gennes, Vt, in the practice of his profession), Edward H. (is also a graduate of Yale College), Frederick A. (is an agriculturist and stock grower), Henry B. (is a graduate of Williams College), and Mary A. (who was educated at Miss Porter's school at Farmington, Conn., and was married to Walter Scranton, of Pennsylvania.) Frederick E. was a son of Enoch D. and Clara (Strong) Woodbridge. She was born in Addison county, Vt, and he was born in Bennington county. Enoch Woodbridge was a noted and influential lawyer of Addison county, Vt, where he died in 1853, having had a faraily of ten children born to thera, only one of whom is now Uving — Frederick E. "Woodbridge. Enoch D. Woodbridge was a son of Enoch Woodbridge, who was chief justice of this State for many years. Woodworth, Thomas I., Middlebury, was born in Weybridge, Addison county, Vt, on April 5, 1810. He was educated in the coraraon schools. At the age of twelve years, in 1822, after the death of his raother, he became a member of the family of Harvey Bell, in Middlebury, Vt.; served as an apprentice with Joseph Sargent for seven years, at the gilding trade, and also worked as a journeyman in Troy for four years. He was married on May 20, 1835, to Betsey C. Albro, of Pownal, Vt., after which he engaged in the manufacture of looking-glasses, and picture frames, and conducted that business for four years. He returned to Middlebury, Vt, in the spring of 1867, and purchased the place where he now resides ; he also owns a place of eight acres in Weybridge, Vt. He devotes his time to farming. He has had three children born to him ; one died in infancy, and another, Charles Guy, who was a gilder by trade, died at the age of twenty-four years. When the gold fever broke out in California he was one of the early pioneers by the overland route in 1849, and had several skirmishes with the Indians era route. After two and a half years' work in the mines he returned with a medium compe tency. Wright, Caleb, New Haven, was born in Weybridge, Vt., on February 13, 1810, and at the age of ten years he came to reside in the town of New Haven. He settled on the farm he now occupies in 1833, and on which he has made all modern improvements. He was married on November 1, 1831, to Harriet Rockwood, a daughter of Ebenezer and Lucinda (Graves) Rock wood, of Bristol, Vt, and by whom he has had five chUdren — Jerusha (Mrs. Alfred Ferguson), PhilomeUa (Mrs. Orrin Dickinson), Jane A., wife of A. I. Stow (deceased), Martha (Mrs. L. B. Dodge), and Daniel C. His parents were Caleb and Harriet H. Wright; his grandparents Daniel and Bathsheba Wright His father, Daniel Wright, was born in Marlborough, Mass., on Febru ary 4, 1780, and carae to New Haven, Vt, in 1820, and settled on the farm now owned by S. S. Wright, where he resided until the time of his death. Caleb's paternal grandparents were Ebenezer and Rebecca (Stannard) Wright, who were born in Marlborough, Mass., and were married in 1774; settled in Weybridge, Vt, in 1783, on the farm now owned by E. S. Wright, clearing and improving the same, where they resided until the time of their deaths. They had a family of twelve chUdren — Rebecca, Asahel, Ebenezer, Daniel, Jehiel, Mary, Lucy, Caleb, Almira, Miranda, Lydia, and Phebe, all of whora are now dead. Wright, Daniel H., New Haven, was born in the town of Waybridge, Vt., on August 9, 1805, and settled on the farm he now occupies in 1827, most of which he has cleared and made aU improvements. He is a very prominent farmer, and in the time of railitia took an active part in mUitary affairs, and held a commission of second Ueutenant under General Nash. He was married on March 14, 1827, to Betsey H. Calkins, who was a daughter of Joshua and Par melia (Peck) Calkins, of Waltham, Vt They have had eight chUdren born to them — Henry Brief Personals. Iv TH. (dece^ed), Samantha (Mrs. T. H. Westfall), Wealthy (Mrs. Ezra T. Smith), Emily S. (Mrs. Luther Wales), SUas B., Edward B., Mary (Mrs. John J. Wright), and Prank W. Daniel H. Wright was a son of Daniel and Bathsheba (Frost) Wright. His paternal grandfather, Ebenezer Wright, settied m the town of Weybridge, Vt., in 1783, and his maternal grandfather, Phineas Frost, was a pioneer of Cornwall, Vt. Wright, William Silas, Walthara, was born in Weybridge, Vt, January 6, 1819. He was the fifth son of Daniel and Bathsheba (Frost) Wright, who settied in New Haven, Vt, in 1820, and at the age of sixteen years took a preparatory course at the Vergennes Classical Institute, and m 1838 entered Middlebury College, where he remained nearly two years, after which he returned to his father's homestead in New Haven, and except the interval of four years (when he hved in Weybridge) he resided with his parents until the death of his father, and in 1867 re moved to Waltham, Vt, where he has since resided. In June, 1836, he united with the Congre gational Church in Vergennes, Vt, and his connection with the same has never been changed. His family are all members of the same church. He has taken an active part in pubUc affairs and held many of the offices of the towns of New Haven and Waltham, and represented the latter in the General Assembly of Vermont in 1874 and '75, serving on the comraittee of education. He was married September 15, 1840, to Lucy Colum bia, only daughter of Jacob and Lucy (WeUer) PhUUps, of Pittsford, Vt, by whom he had two children — Emma C. (wife of Henry S. Jaokraan) and John Jacob (a merchant residing at Rochester, N. Y.). Mrs. Wright's maternal grandfather, Amos WeUer, was a personal friend of the noted Ethan Allen, and was by his side when he surprised the garrison, and entered and took the fortress of Ticonderoga, on the lOth day of May, 1775. He was a soldier during the war, and for several years received a pension for his services. Subsequent to his miUtary ex periences he was several years a deacon of the Baptist Church in Rutland, Vt The offices of town clerk and superintendent of schools have been held by Mr. Wright since 1872, and in No- ¦vember, 1885, he was appointed by Governor Pingree associate judge of Addison County Court, vice Hon. E. A. Doud, resigned. He has been a successful farmer, and enjoys the respect and ¦confidence of his fellow citizens. His parents were Daniel and Bathsheba (Frost) Wright, who were natives of Massachusetts. Daniel Wright settled in New Haven, Vt, in 1820, on the farm now occupied by S. S. Wright, and resided there until the time of his death, which occurred on September 11, 1866. He left a family oi seven children — Alanson L., Daniel H., AbigaU (died in 1843), Caleb, Emerson R., WiUiara S., and, Sarauel S. Mr. Wright was an honored and respected ¦citizen, and by his own industry accumulated a handsome fortune. WiUiam S.'s paternal grandfather was Ebenezer Wright, who was a native of Northampton, Mass., and who settled in Weybridge, Vt, in 1783, and cleared and improved the farm now owned by B. S. Wright, where he died in 1832. His maternal grandfather was Phineas Frost, a native of Massachusetts, .and an early settler in CornwaU, Vt. Wright, L. L., Cornwall, was born in Weybridge, Vt., on June 18, 1811. His parents were Samuel and Electa (Langdon) Wright. Samuel "Wright was born in Araherst, Mass., on Au gust 18, 1785, and carae with his father, Silas Wright, to Addison county, Vt, in 1'796. He ¦died October 4, 1860. SUas Wright was born on March 17, 1760, and settled in "Weybridge, Vt, ¦on the place now owned by Mrs. John Childs and son. He had a family of three daughters and four sons, only two of whom are now living — Daniel L. (born on AprU 20, 1799 ; is a weU- known farmer) and Pliny (a lawyer, who was born on December 14, 1805 ; is now a resident ¦of Canton, N. Y.), where he occupies the residence of his late brother, Governor Wright, who was governor of New York State, and died on August 27, 1847, and was the second son of SUas. His eldest son, Samuel, remained on the horae place in "Weybridge, Vt, where he spent the greater part of his life. He had a faraUy of three children — L. L., Electa A. (now Mrs. Ches ter Elmer ; was born on October 3, 1815), and Samuel 0. (born on November 10, 1818 ; now lives in Weybridge). L. L. Wright received his education in the common schools of CornwaU, Vt, and was brought up to farming, and remained at home until his marriage to Sarah A. Farr, which occurred on January 3, 1839, and by whom he had a family of four children — George H., of Weybridge, Vt. (born on October 31, 1839 ; married on January 24, 1872, to C. E. Elmer), Electa P. (born on January 27, 1843, now Mrs. Carlos Blake, of Dakota), Sarah E. (born on April 20, 1846, died in her nineteenth year), Emma H. (bom on February 25, 1849, now Mrs. Ohapman G. Smith, of Middlebury, Vt). Mrs. L. L. Wright died on October 2, 1852. Mr. Wright then married his second wife, Sarah Page, on AprU 20, 1852. They have had two chil dren born to them — Jennette 0. (born on May 3, 1856) and Samuel S. (born on Deceraber 22, 1860; was married on February 21, 1884, to Maggie A. Hallock). In 1852 Mr. L. L. Wright settled on the General Cook place, and occupies a residence which General Cook built at an early day, and also owns 150 acres of very fine land. Wright, Walter V., Weybridge, was born in CornwaU, Vt, on November 16, 1857. His parents were Victor and Mariette (Foote) Wright. Victor Wright was born in CornwaU, Addi- Ivi History of Addison County. son county, Vt., on July 29, 1819. He was married on October 18, 1853, to Mariette Foote, who was a daughter of Elijah Foote. Victor Wright's father, Daniel Wright, came to this county at an early day. Victor Wright settled on the place now owned by Mr. Easton. He came to Weybridge, Vt, in the spring of 1864, and settled on the Dexter place, which is now owned by his sons, and which is a very handsome place, and consists of 206 acres. He had a faraily of two sons — Walter V. and Albertus D. Victor Wright represented CornwaU in the Legislature two terms, and also held other town offices. He died on Septeraber 6, 1867. His widow died in 1881. Albertus D. was born in Weybridge, Vt, on June 13, 1864, and is now engaged in clerking in Middlebury, Vt Walter V. was educated in the common schools at Weybridge, and brought up to farming. He was married on August 24, 1883, to Bertha A. Blanchard, a daughter of Dr. V. W. Blanchard, of Weybridge, Vt. He now has charge of the home place, and is a very successful farmer and fine-wool sheep raiser. Young, Benjamin P., Vergennes, was born in Hanover, Morris county, N. J., on March 2, 1810. He has been the leading carpenter and builder of Vergennes, Vt, for many years, hav ing erected many of its best buildings ; and has been universaUy respected during his long Ufe in this city. He was married in 1845 to Mary S. Roberts, of Vergennes, Vt She died in 1854. He then married his second wife, Isabella P. Tucker, in 1874. She was a daughter of Phillip 0. and Mary 0. M. (MoClosky) Tucker. She was born in August, 1802, and her husband in 1800, in Boston, and he settled in Vergennes, Vt, in 1815, where he died in 1861, leaving a wife, one son, and five daughters. He was a representative raan of his town, holding raany of the town offices. He also published a history of this town in 1824. Benjarain P. Young was a son of Phineas and Sarah (Fairchild) Young, who were born and married in Morris county. New Jersey, and settled in Vergennes, Vt, in 1819. They had a family of five children born to them — EUza C. (now Mrs. Crane), Phebe M., Benjamin P., Daniel S., Philemon R., three of whom are now living — Eliza C, Benjamin F., and Philemon R. Sarah Young died in 1873, aged ninety years, and Phineas died in 1845, aged seventy-four years ; he was a son of Daniel and Phebe Young. Daniel Young was born in Scotland, and came to America before the Revo lution, holding office under the English government He settied and died in New Jersey. Young, Daniel R, Vergennes, was born in Vergennes, Vt., on July 25, 1849. He embarked in the general drug and prescription business in 1869, and now carries a fine stock of all fancy goods and drugs. He was a son of Philemon and Catharine (Roberts) Young, who were na tives of Vergennes, Vt. They had a faraily of two sons born to them — Johnney and Daniel R. Young, Robert A., Bristol, was born in the town of Starksboro, Vt, on January 14, 1838. He was a son of Enoch and Lydia (Varney) Young. Enoch Young was a son of Robert Young ; was one of the first settlers in the town of Starksboro, Vt. Lydia Young was a daughter of Hezekiah Varney, of Monkton, Vt., where Lydia was born on July 19, 1805. They have a family of four chidren living — ¦ Robert A., Mary A. (now Mrs. Daniel Hill, of Starksboro, Vt), Russel T., and Enoch H., of Starksboro, Vt Robert married Elma W. HiU, of Starksboro, Vt She was born on AprU 13, 1841. They have had two children born to them — Edson H. (is a physician ; graduated from the Burlington Medical College in 1883 ; he is now a physician at Buff'alo, N. Y.) and Myra L. Mr. Young, aside from being engaged in farraing, is interested largely in introducing into this locality agricultural implements ; also deals largely in threshers and farming implements, of the raanufacture of H. W. Gray. Young, Russel T., Lincoln, South Starksboro p. o., was born in Starksboro, Vt, on August 22, 1844. He now owns and occupies a farm of 360 acres. He was selectman for two years and highway coraraissioner for two years. His wife was Mary Green, a daughter of Stephen Green, of Starksboro, Vt She was born in that town on February 7, 1845. They have had a family of four children born to them — Walter H., Stephen, and Carrie. Walter H. is now a student at a school in Buffalo, N. Y. INDEX. ABERCROMBIE'S expedition against Ti conderoga, 59. Addison county, act of incorporation of, 15. Agricultural Society, 119. Attorneys of, Barber, Edward D., 158. Bates, Robert B., 154. Beckwith, JuUus, 158. BeU, Harvey, 159. Bostwick, Bobert, 159. Chipman, jr., Samuel, 139. Cook, Milo, 159. DooUttle, Joel, 135. Edmond, David, 149. Graham, John A., 140. Harmon, Martin, 159. Hawley, Noah, 159. Hitchcock, Samuel, 142. Holley, Samuel H., 155. Linsley, Charles, 155. Linsley, Joel, 139. Markham, David K., 155. Marsh, Amos, 159. MiUer, Samuel, 141. Needham, Horatio, 156. OUn, Henry, 139. Phelps, Sarauel S., 135. Pierpoint, John, 136. Post, Martin, 151. Seymour, Horatio, 146. Simmons, John, 148. Slade, WiUiara, 151. Smith, Josias, 141. j Starr, Peter, 155. Stewart, Dugald, 159. Storrs, Seth, 140. Strong, John, 138. Strong, Luke, 142. Swift, Samuel, 153. Tucker, PhUip C, 157. Woodbridge, Enoch, 134. Woodbridge, Enoch D., 149. Woodbridge, Samuel S., 158. Wooster, Dorastus, 139. condition of, at opening of the Revolu tion, 66. effects of the Revolution upon, 68. first court-house of, 117. first courts in, 116. Addison conuty, first discovery of territory of, - 13. first formation of, 14. first jaU of, 117. geographical position of, 15. geology of, 22 et seq. general natural characteristics of, 16. growth of, after 1812, 74. lakes and strearas of, 17. medical society, 161. patriotism of, in the War of the RebeU ion, 76. press in, 181 et seq. second court-house of, 119. second jail of, 118. territory of, a highway for beUigerents, 60. territory of, subject to five different gowers, 13. third jaU of, 118. Addison, history of town of, 357. boundaries and topography of, 357. charter of, 357. churches of, 379. early settlement of, 359. incidents in the early settleraent of, 365. miUtary record of, 377. municipal history of, 377. organization of, 376. postmasters of, 378. Agricultural Society, Addison County, 119. Charaplain VaUey, 121. Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, 58. Amherst's capture of Ticonderoga, 59. BARTON, Franklin D., biography of, 757. BatteU, PhiUp, biography of, 772. Beach, Allen P., biography of, 756. Beaches or terraces, 27. Bench and bar, biographical sketches of mem bers of, 134 et seq.; present members of, 161. Bennett, Nathan S., biography of, 745. Biography of Barton, Franklin D., 757. BatteU, PhUip, 772. Beach, AUen P., 756. Bennett, Nathan S., 745. Dana, Edward S., 739. Dodge, Sardis, 767. Iviii Index. Biography of Douglas, Julius P., 751. Dukett, Aikens, 761. Gray, Ozro P., 754. Hand, Richard C, 758. Hazard, Rufus, 741. Jewett, B. R., 752. Jones, Rollin J., 768. Knapp, Lyman B., 734. Lane, Henry, 737. Linsley, Charles, 770. McCuen, Nicholas J., 759. Merritt, Wyman H., 755. ISTash, WiUiara, 750. Reraele, Loyal C, 774. Smith, Lucius E., 749. Smith, M. D., 748. Smith, Sheldon, 765. Stevens, Herrick, 742. Stewart, John W., 735. Stickney, Tyler, 766. Storey, MUes, 762. Tupper, Almon P., 733. Walker, RusseU, 746. Walker, Simon Z., 747. Ward, Ira, 760. Ward, Watson W., 764. Wicker, Cyrus W., 743. Wright, WiUiam S., 764. ^ooks published in Addison County, 189. Boundary line controversy between Massa chusetts and New Hampshire, 61. Breda, peace of, 54. Bridport, history of the town of, 380. boundaries of, 380. churches of, 396. early business interests of, 393. Masonic lodge in, 396. military record of, 394. municipal history of, 395. physicians of, 396. settlement and organization of, 381. Bristol, history of the town of, 397. attorneys of, 414. boundaries and charter of, 397. churches of, 414. early manufactures in, 408. early settlements in, 401. manufacturing interests of, 412. mercantile interests of, 412. military record of, 409. municipal history of, 410. natural characteristics of, 398. organization of, 407. physicians of, 414. post-office of, 411. proprietors' meetings in, 400. schools, etc., m, 415. secret societies in, 415. CABOT, John, 38. Canada, final surrender of, ¦Canals and railroads, 76. ¦Canal projects, early, 124. Cattle, 225 et seq. 59. Champlain, Samuel de, 42 ; journal of, 44. Champlain VaUey Medical Society, 166. Chimney Point, DeNarm's occupation of, 56. fortress at, 18. settlement of, by the French, 57. City of Vergennes, 640. Civil Ust, 127. Clay deposits, 28. CoUege, Middlebury, 346. Colurabus, Christopher, 38. Connecticut River, navigation of, 124. Cornwall, history of the town of, 416. attorneys of, 432. churches of, 435. difficulties in estabUshing boundaries of, 416. early roads, etc., of, 431. first settlers of, 417. grantees of, 416. organization of, 429. mihtary record of, 433. physicians of, 432. Coss, James, diary of, 20. County clerks, 129. court, assistant judges of, 127. chief judges of, 127. Courts, early, 132. laws concerning, 131. Court-house, first, 117; second, 119; third, 119. Crown Point, Enghsh expedition against, in 1755, 59. DANA, EDWARD S., biography of, 739. Dead Creek, 21. Difficulties leading to War of 1812, 72. Discoveries upon which three European na tions based claims to territory, 51. Discovery and occupation of New England territory, 36 et seq. Dodge, Sardis, biography of, 767. Douglas, Julius P., biography of, 751. Dukett, Aikens, biography of, 761. Dutch, progress of colonization by, 53. E AST MIDDLEBURY, 340. Editors of newspapers : Barber, Edward D., 185. Barrett, Joseph H., 187. BeU, Harvey, 187. Drury, B. W., 186. Houghton, H. H., 136. Jewett, Elam R., 186. Knapp, Lyman B., 187. Maxham, Ephraim, 187. Slade, WiUiam, 185. Stearns, J. Milton, 186. Swift, Samuel, 182. FERRISBURGH, history of the town of, 436. boundaries of, 436. churches of, 451. early manufactures in, 446. Index. lix Ferrisburgh, early settlement of, 439. flrst occupation of, 437. mUitary record of, 449. organization of, 445. post-office of, 450. Fitch, Dr., account of Indian atrocities by, 50. Freemasonry, establishment of, 192. Freemasons, prominent, 193 et seq. French, friendship of northern Indians for the, and hostiUty of the Iroquois to, 52. Freshet in 1830, 75. GOSHEN, history of the town of, 454. boundaries and natural characteristics of, 454. churches of, 461. early settlers of, 455. military record of, 460. "GranviUe, history of the town of, 461. churches of, 466. early settlers of, 462. grantees of, 461. military record of, 465. 'Gray, Ozro P., biography of, 754. HANCOCK, history of the town of, 466. boundaries and natural characteristics of, 466. early settlements in, 467. military record of, 469. Hand, Richard C, biography of, 758. Hazard, Rufus, biography of, 741. High Bailiffs, 129. Historical Society, Middlebury, 121. Hocquart, French viUage of, at Chimney Point, 60. Horses, 221 et seq. Hudson, Henry, 51. INCURSIONS, repeated, by French and Indians, 55. Indian occupation, evidences of, 48. Iroquois confederacy, 47. JEWETT, E. R., biography of, 752. Jones, Rollin J., biography of, 768. Judges of Probate, 128. Judicial system, early. 130. K NAPP, LYMAN B., biography of, 734. LAKE CHAMPLAIN, 17. Dunmore, 18. Lakes, minor, 19. Lane, Henry, biography of, 737. Leicester, history of the town of, 470. boundaries, location, etc., 470. churches of, 481. early physicians of, 475. early settlements in, 471. hotels in, 480. miUtary record of,^478. organization of, 475. Leicester, post-offices in, 479. present town offices of, 479. sheep interest in, 479. Lemon Fair River, 21. Lincoln, history of the town of, 481. biographical sketches of residents of, 507. churches of, 503. early industries of, 497. early proceedings of proprietors of, 484. early settlements in, 486. geographical position and boundaries of, 481. grantees of, 482. great freshet in, 498. important events of 1878, 502. interesting incidents in early history of, 489. mihtary record of, 501. natural characteristics of, 482. organization of, 491. physicians of, 505. post-offices in, 497. present industries of, 505. present officers of, 503. schools in, 495. taxes in, 494. Linsley, Charles, biography of, 770. MoCUEN, Nicholas J., biography of, 759. Medical profession, biographical sketches of members of, 166 et seq. Medical society, Addison county, history and vicissitudes of, 161 et seq. Medical society, Champlain vaUey, 166. Merritt, Wyman H., biography of, 755. Middlebury historical society, 121. Middlebury, history of the town of, 233. boundaries of, 235. college, 346. early proceedings of proprietors of, 236. early settiements in, 244. early surroundings of viUage of, 272. general history of, frora 1815 to 1850, 295. home lots in, details concerning, 261 et seq. home lots in, map of, between 260 and 261. in the Revolution, 248. in the War of 1812, 290. in the War of the RebeUion, 298. land divisions of, 241. map of first land division of, 242. municipal history of, 302. organization of town of, 266. present town officers of, 301. progress of settlement in, after the Revolution, 252. records of early freemen's meetings of, 267. roads and bridges of, 287. settlements in viUage of, 270 et seq. sheep interest in, 297. Ix Index. Middlebury village, history of, 302 et seq. Addison County Grammar School in, 344. attorneys of, 336. churches of, 351. dentists of, 340. early inhabitants of the site of, 302 et seq. early schools and school regulations in, 343. Female Seminary in, 350. financial affairs of, 335. hotels of, 324. KendaU, B. A., description of Middle bury in 1808 by, 305. manufactures of, 324. marble industry of, 328. mercantile interests of, 313 et seq. organization and incorporation of, 306. physicians of, 339. post-office of, 310. press of, 312. present officers of, 310. secret societies in, 356. Sheldon Museum, Archasological and Historical Society in, 310. town haU of, 309. Miles, Storey, biography of, 762. Monkton, history of the town of, 513. boundaries, etc., of, 513. churches of, 522. early business of, 519. early settlements in, 514. military record of, 520. organization of, 518. physicians of, 520. post-offices in, 520. present business of, 520. present officers of, 522. Mount Independence, 18. NASH, WiUiam, biography of, 750. New Hampshire Grants controversy, 62. New Haven, history of the town of, 522. churches of, 551. early settiers of, 524. location' and boundaries of. 522. raercantile business of, 554. military record of, 548. municipal history of, 549. present officers of, 554. temperance society of, 553. Newspaper editors and publishers, sketches of, 185 et seq. Newspaper, first local, 75. Newspapers of Addison county, 182 et seq. Newspaper, the first in Addison county, 188. o RWBLL, history of the town of, 555. boundaries, location, etc., of, 555. churches of, 575. early merchants of, 570. early settlements of, 557. military record of, 568. OrweU, municipal history of, 571. organization of, 566. physicians and attorneys of, 573. present officers of, 570. sheep interest in, 556. Otter Creek, 20. PANIC, financial, of 1837, 75. Panton, history of the town of, 576. battle of Ferris's Bay in, 580. boundaries of, 576. churches of, 589. early settlers of, 583. early town meetings and records of, 582.. military record of, 589. proprietors' records of, 577. Personals, brief, appendix. Physicians who have practiced in Middlebury, 181. Physicians, biographical sketches of: Alien,. Jonatha!n A., 172. Bass, WiUiam, 171. Bass, Zacheus, 166. Bullard, Benjamin, 169. Bullard, CuUen, 169. Cushraan, Earle, 180. Ford, jr., Frederick, 178. Ford, sr., Frederick, 177. Gale, George S., 179. Gowdey, Ralph, 176. Hitchcock, WilUam A., 179. Lathrop, Stephen P., 175. Matthews, Darius, 178. Newton, Rufus, 178. Norton, Oliver B., 172, Ranney, Moses H., 178. Rice, Joel, 176. RusseU, WUUam P., 176. Tudor, Edward, 171. Waterhouse, Henry S., 178. Willard, John, 174. Plattsburgh, battle of, 73. Press, the early, 181. Printing-office, the first in Middlebury, 182; Probate judges, 128. RAILROADS, 125. Remele, Loyal C, biography of, 774. RichviUe, viUage of, 622. Ripton, history of the town of, 590. churches of, 594. early settlements of, 591. military records of, 594. organization of, 592. post-office of, 593. present officers of, 594. situation, boundaries, etc., of, 590. stores, raiUs, etc., of, 593. Rivers, rainor, 22. Rocks, 30 et seq. Ruins of Crown Point and Ticonderoga, 17. Runy, Daniel de, expedition of, against the Mohawks, 54. Ryswick, treaty of, 56. Index. Ixi SALISBURY, history of the town of, 595. acts of proprietors of, 603. attorneys of, 609. churches of, 609. early settlements of, 596. hotels of, 608. location, natural characteristics, etc., of, 596. manufactures and industries of, 605. military record of, 604. municipal affairs of, 607. physicians of, 608. Settlements, approach of English, to the Champlain valley, 57. Settlement, progress of, subsequent to 1760, 6L Sheep breeders and dealers, 214. details of breeding of, 212. development and improvement of breeds of, in Addison county, 205. exportation of, 218. first merino, brought into Addison county, 204. history of the early culture and devel opment of, 201. statistics of improvements in, 211. the Merino, 202 et seq. Sheriffs, 128. Shoreham, history of the town of, 610. agricultural interests of, 625. churches of, 626. early raerchants of, 621. early records of, 616. early roads of, 618. early settleraent of, 611 et seq. location, natural characteristics, etc., of, 610. military record of, 619. municipal history of, 620. post-offices in, 625. RichviUe in, 622: schools of, 618. " The Center " in, 620. early merchants of, 621. hotels in, 622. the professions in, 621. Smith, Lucius E., biography of, 749. Smith, M. D., biography of, 748. Smith, Sheldon, biography of, 765. Soil and timber, 36. Starksboro, history of the town of, 628. churches of, 639. early manufactures and business inter ests of, 635. early settlement of, 629 et seq. location and natural features of, 629. military record of, 636. municipal history of, 637. organization of, 635. the professions in, 638. State's attorneys, 128. Stevens, Herrick, biography of, 742. Stewart, John W., biography of, 735. Stickney, Tyler, biography of, 766. Storey, Miles, biography of, 762. TICONDEROGA, AUen's capture of, 67. erection of fortifications at, by the French, 59. Town of Addison, 351. Bridport, 380. Bristol, 397. CornwaU, 416. Ferrisburgh, 436. Goshen, 454. Greenville, 461. Hancock, 466. Leicester, 470. Lincoln, 481. Middlebury, 233. Monkton, 513. New Haven, 522. OrweU, 555. Panton, 576. Ripton, 590. Salisbury, 595. Shoreham, 610. Starksboro, 628. Waltham, 702. Weybridge, 712. Whiting, 722. Tupper, Almon P., biography of, 733. Turnpikes, early, 122. VERGENNES, history of the city of, 640. as remembered by older citizens, 678 et seq. banks of, 694. causes of slow growth of, 665. churches of, 696. Col. Reid's affair in, 642. Commodore MacDonough at, 667. dark days tor, from 181 6 to 1823, 672. early military affairs of, ,644. early public buildings in, 659. first arrivals in, 641. first election of officers of, 653. hotels of, 695. in the War of 1812, 668 et seq. items of history of, in 1785, 647. items of history of, in 1786, 647. items of history of, in 1787, 649. items of history of, in 1788, 649. items of history of, in 1789, 653. items of history of, in 1790, 654. Kendall's description qf, in 1808, 664. manufactures of, 694. Masonic lodges of, 699. Mathew Lyon's imprisonment at, 660. mayors of, 691. mercantile business of, 692. miUtary record of, 701. New York's presentation of a sword to General Strong at, 670. physicians of, 700. post-office of, 692. representatives from, 691. Ixii Index. Vergennes, schools of, 698. steamboat business of, 673. the Champlain Arsenal at, 698. the Champlain Valley Agricultural So ciety of, 698. the first church in, 654. the first newspaper in, 658, why the history of, has not been writ ten, 640. Vermont Atwood Merino Sheep Club, 210. brigade (see sketches of second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and eleventh regi ments of infantry). Merino Sheep Breeders' Association, 210. Vermont's admission to the Union, 70. declaration of independence, 69. Volunteers, eleventh regiment of infantry, 85. fifth regiment of infantry, 79. first regiment of cavalry, 102. first regiment of infantry, 77. fourteenth regiraent infantry 105. nine months men, 104. ninth regiment of infantry, 100. officers from Addison county, 110. second battery of artillery, 104. second regiment of infantry, 77. seventh regiment of infantry, 92. seventeenth regiment of infantry, 105. sixth regiment of infantry, 81. , statistics of, 107. WALKER, RUSSELL, biography of, 746. Walker, Simon Z., biography of, 747. Ward, Ira, biography of, 760. Ward, Watson W., biography of, 764. War, declaration of, between England and Prance in 1756, 59. War of 1812-15, 73. Waltham, history of the town of, 702. boundaries, location, etc., of, 702. early settlements in, 702 et seq. miUtary records of, 712. present town officers of, 711. Weybridge, history of the town of, 712. boundaries, natural features, etc., of, 712.- churches of, 721. early settlements in, 713 et seq. military record of, 720. municipal history of, 720. organization and records of, 717. present officers of, 721. Wicker, Cyrus W., biography of, 743. Whiting, history of the town of, 722. boundaries of, 722. churches of, 732. early meetings of proprietors of, 724. early settlements in, 725. miUtary record of, 731. natural characteristics of, 723. Wright, Wilham S., biography of, 764. YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY i ^002 01509 1557 £