YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

II I S T C) ]R Y

OF

SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS,

Its Attract roNS as a Home and Advantages-'
for. Business,

MANUFACTURING, ETC.

PUBLISHED liNJUlft 'fHK AUSPICES OF THE
BY J. e. POWETJ.J

SPRINGFIELD ; [
ILLINOIS STATE JOUKNAL MINT.
, 1S71. ¦;

HISTORY

OF

SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS

Its Attractions as a Home and Advantages
for Business,

MANUFACTURING, ETC.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OP THE

BY J. O. POWER.

SPRINGFIELD :
ILLINOIS STATE JOUKNAL PRINT.
1871.

CORRESPONDENCE.

Springfield, III., May. 19, 1871.
Messrs. S. H. Melvin, W. B. Miller and W. B. Cowgill :
Gentlemen : — Having placed myself under your direction — as a committee of
the Board of Trade — in the preparation of the following pages on the " History
of Springfield, Illinois : its attractions as a Home, and advantages for Business,
Manufacturing," etc., I hereby submit a copy of the advance sheets for your
inspection. It is for you to say whether I have, or have not, redeemed the promi
ses made in my Prospectus of Feb. 27th.
Respectfully, yours, J. C. POWER.

Springfield, III., May 22, 1871.
J. C. Power, Esq. .
Dear Sir:— We have examined the proof sheets of the "History of Spring
field, etc.," as submitted to us on the 19th inst., and cheerfully certify, that, in
our judgment, it is all, and more, than could have been reasonably'expected from
your prospectus.
It evinces a great amount of research, and is much more comprehensive than
you promised us. We confidently hope and expect that a thorough circulation of
your work will materially advance the interests of our beautiful and growing
•city. Yours, truly,
S. H. MELVIN,
W. B. MILLER,
W. B. COWGILL,
Committee.

Cn5*£> 570

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

In laying the result of my labors, for several weeks past, before the people of
Springfield, I wish to correct an impression, which prevails to some extent, that
this is a directory, or gazetteer, or business mirror of the city. It was not intended
for anything of the kind, but just what its title indicates.
The notices of business houses, with but few exceptions, are simply courtesies
due to those who assisted me in placing in this form the attractions and advanta
ges of the capital city. It is to these, less than two hundred, business men and
firms that the whole 18,000 citizens are under obligations for any good that may
accrue to Springfield from this publication. There is a large number of mercantile
houses in the city who are not mentioned.
In the business of manufacturing I have endeavored to present the names of all ,
in order to give every manufacturer living at a distance, an opportunity of know
ing whether his particular branch of business is represented or not. A manufac
turer, who does not find his business mentioned under the head of "Manufacturing
Establishments," may know that this is a clear field.
I must make this an occasion for tendering my thanks to those business men in
general, including the Mayor and City Council of Springfield, who have given me
their support. To Messrs. Melvin, Miller and Cowgill for their co-operation, ad.
vice and assistance. And to the venerable James L. Lamb and Hon. J. S. Bra d-
ford, for repeated courtesies. To one and all, individually and collectively, I
hereby tender my sincere thanks.
To Mr. Harry C. Watson I am under special obligations, for the articles that
bear his name ; also for assisting me in collecting and writing up the business no
tices in these pages. I very much regret being compelled to omit an excellent ar.
tide written by him, on the State Arsenal. I can only recommend that every
visitor to Springfield call on Gen. Dilger, and see for themselves how harmless
the implements of war look in time of peace.
It was my intention to present a description of the magnificent, new, fire-proof
United States Court and Post Office building. But of course every visitor to
Springfield will visit and examine that also. In fact I find that I have scarcely
commenced describing the Attractions and Ad vantages of the Capital City. If its
citizens will use what I have written to the best advantage, I entertain some hopes
that it will do good. If, however, they do not heartily co-operate in the work, I
have already written too much.
Springfield, May 23, 1871. J. C. P.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE.
Peeliminaey Histoeioal Sketch  5
American Revolution  6
County of Illinois  7
First Republican or Democratic Governor of
Illinois  7
Ordinance of 17ST  9
Territory of Ohio organi zed  9
t( l- Illinois "  9
" " Indiana "  9
State Government Organized  '. . 10
Springfield and Sangamon County  10
Court Houses in Sangamon County  11
First Survey of Public Lands  13
First Legislation for Springfield  13
State Capitals  14
Offers to release Springfield of the $">O,C00  16
Note of one hundred and one citizens  16
Public Festival  IT
Building the Leland Hotel  IT
Movements for New State House  18
Law for building a new Capital  18
Efforts to nullify the law and their failure  19
Magnitude of the work  20
Laying Corner Stone  20
Description of the New State House  20
Cut of the new Sta'e House  21
Work completed  23
Epitome of the Legislation for the new State
House  24
Statement of appropriations and expenditures 26
Proclamation by the Governor  27
Eaely History of Railroad Legislation in
Illinois  28
Canals  29
Internal Improvement Act  29
Railroads again  29
First Locomotive in Illinois  32
First Locomotive in Springfield  32
Toledo, Wabash and Western Railway  S3
Chicago and St. Lonis Railroad  34
Springfield and Illinois Southeastern Railway 35
Gilman, Clinton and Springfield Railroad.... 36
Springfield and St . Louis Railroad  36
Springfield and Northwestern Railroad  36
Railroad Map of Illinois — facing  36
Springfield and Mattoon Railroad  37
Springfield and Peoria Railroad  3T
Subscriptions  87
Hint toR-ulroad Men  ,  3T
Conclusion  3T
Street Railways  38
Capital Railway Company  38
Springfield Ci'y Railway Company  38
Topography of Illinois and Statistics of
Population  40
Population of State —Sangamon County-
Springfield  41
Geology of Illinois  41

page.
SaltSprings. Iron Mining  42
Coal and Coal Mining  43
Section of Coal Measures . '.  44
Artesian1 Well  45
Coal Mining in Sangamon County  46
Howlett Mine  46
J. G. Loose's Mine  4T
Saunderson & Co. 's Mine  48
Starne & Shutt'sMine  49
Water Works, Seweeage and Gas  50
Springfield Water Works  50
Sewerage of the city  51
Gas Light Company  52
Churches  52
City Schools  54
Independent Educational Institutions  5T
Bettie Stuart Institute  5T
Springfield Business College  57
St. Joseph's Ursuline Convent  58
Lutheran University  58
Benevolent Institutions of Speingfield  59
Springfield Home for the Friendless  59
Home and H oepital for Fallen Women  61
Public Libraries  62
Springfield Library Association  62
German Reading Association  G3
Catholic Institute Association  63
Illinois Srate Library  63
Law Library  63
Benevolent Organizations and their Officers. . 64
Public and Private Buildings  65
Officers Transacting Business in Spring
field  67
United States Officers  67
State Officers  67
County Officers  6T
Cil y Officers  68
Board of Trade  68
Business Houses and Fiems of Speingfield . 68-92
Manufacturing Establishments of Speing
field  92
Boiler makers  9-3
C Triage and Wagon Fac! ories  92
Founderies and Machine Shops  93
Ornamental Carving  95
Planing Mills or Door, Sash and Blind Fact's . . 95
Plow manufacturing  95
Rope and Cordage Factories  95
Sickle sections  ,  85
Soap and Candle Factories  95
Woolen Milts  96
Corn Planter Factory  96
Springfield Waich Company  9T
General Ri view or Concluding Remarks. ... 99
SpringfleldBoardof Trade  101
The National Lino3ln Monument  1(3
Asnju>02ment   106

PRELIMINARY HISTORICAL SKETCH.

The first white men who explored this
region of country, were Jesuit Missiona
ries from New France — now Canada.
They visited the southern shores of the
great northern lakes, for the purpose of
communicating a knowledge of Christi
anity to the natives.
James Marquette, a Catholic priest, and
M. Joliet, a merchant, from Quebec, with
two canoes and five men, left Green Bay
and went down the Wisconsin river to
the Mississippi, entering the latter stream
July 17, 1673. They floated down the
" father of waters," making frequent stop
pages among the Indians, and passed be
low the mouth of the Ohio. Here they
found the savages disposed to be hostile,
which caused them to return. On ap
proaching the mouth of the Illinois, on
their way up, they were told by the abo
rigines, that if they would follow the
course of that river, their route to the
lakes would be much shorter. Taking
this advice, the party reached Lake Mi
chigan, at a point near where Chicago
now stands. Other Frenchmen came, by
the way of Canada and the lakes, and in
a few years all this region of country was
considered a part of New France. The
French being entitled to it by right of
discovery, their possession was undispu
ted for about ninety years.
Difficulties arising between France and
England, at home, the British government
sent an army of one thousand regular
troops, under General Braddock, to make
war against the French and their native
allies in the new world. General Brad-
dock landed at Alexandria, Virginia, and

after increasing his army to twenty-two
hundred, by the addition of provincials,
he marched to attack Fort Du Quesne,
where Pittsburgh now stands. Colonel
George Washington, who was well ac
quainted with -the Indian character, ac
companied the expedition as a volunteer
aid. General Braddock refused to listen
to the counsels of Colonel Washington,
and the result was the surprise and de
feat of his whole army by the French and
Indians. The commander was slain in
this engagement,which took place July 9,
1755. In 1758, the English government sent
another army, which was more success
ful. It took fort Du Quesne, and the
war raged until 1703, when the fall of
Quebec left the English victors ; and by
the treaty which followed, the whole of
New France was ceded to Great Britain.
Previous to the year 1673, thi3 country
was known only to the aborigines, or
Indians. From the year of its discovery
by the explorations of Marquette and
Joliet, for more than half a century there
was no attempt at organized government.
The first effort was made in 1718, when
the " Company of the West " was formed
in Paris, for the New World. In that
year the building of Fort Dc Chartres
was commenced, and when completed
was occupied as the military headquar
ters of the French. It was about sixteen
miles above Kaskaskia, in the American
bottom, three miles from the bluff, and
three-fourths of a mile from the river.
At the time New Franco was ceded to
England, in 1763, Fort De Chartres was

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

occupied by M. St. Ange de Belle Rive,
as Commandant and Governor of the Illi
nois country. He continued in possession
of the fort until 1765. In that year Cap
tain Stirling, of the Royal Highlanders,
was sent out and took possession of the
fort and country, in the name of the Bri
tish government. This continued to be
the headquarters of the British until
1772, when part of the fort was destroyed
by a great rise of water in the Mississip
pi river. The English garrison was then
removed to Kaskaskia.
In 1763, the population of what is now
the State of Illinois, did not exceed three
thousand. About one-third left the coun
try upon its change of masters ; so that
when the English took possession, the
entire population, including French, Eng
lish and negroes, was about two thousand.
Rev. John M. Peck says: "In olden
time, Kaskaskia was to Illinois what
Paris is at this day to France. Both
were, at their respective days, the great
emporiums of fashion, gayety, and I must
say, happiness also. In the year 1721 the
Jesuits erected a monastery and college
in Kaskaskia, and a few years afterwards
it was chartered by the French govern
ment. Kaskaskia for many years was
the largest town west of the Alleghaney
mountains. It was a tolerable place be
fore the existence of Pittsburgh, Cincin
nati or New Orleans.''
THE AMERICAN KEVOLUTIOST.
The English government became fairly
settled in their occupation of the country
wrested from France, and then com
menced that series of Parliamentary
enactments, for the taxation of the Ame
rican Colonies, without allowing them
to be represented in her national coun
cils, which led to the revolutionary strug
gle. Open hostilities commenced at Lex
ington, Massachusetts, April 19, 1775.
Couriers were despatched, on the most
fleet-footed horses, and in a very few
days the infant colonies were ablaze with
excitement, and the call to arms was re

sponded to from Maine to Georgia. The
first Congress met at Philadelphia, Sept.
5, 1774, and continued its meetings by
successive adjournments, until July 4,
1776, when the American colonies were
declared to be free and independent
States. The familiar events of the war
for independence, followed each other in
quick succession, until all parties were
engaged in the conflict, along the Atlan
tic coast ; but there were British out
posts in the west which had, until 177-8,
remained undisturbed. It was known
that these posts were depots for supply
ing the Indians with arms and ammuni
tion, that they might practice deeds of
cruelty and murder against the frontier
settlers. The general government had
not power to command, without consent
of the States, even the limited resources
of the country ; but what there was,
seemed imperatively demanded on the
seaboard. Under these circumstances,
Colonel George Rogers Clarke, of Vir
ginia, volunteered to lead an expedition
against the British garrisons west of the
AUeghanies ; and the Governor and Coun
cil of Virginia took the responsibility of
sending him out. Two sets of instruc
tions were given him. One which was
public, was for Col. Clarke to raise seven
companies for the protection of Kentucky,
and proceed west. The secret and real
instructions were for him to raise seven
companies, of fifty men each, and proceed
to Kaskaskia, and take or destroy the
garrison of Fort Gates at that place ; and
that the object of the expedition must be
kept a profound secret. The instruc
tions were given by the Governor at
Williamsburgh,. then the Capital of Vir
ginia, Jan. 2, 1788. Feb. 4th Col. Clarke
left Virginia, for Pittsburgh. He took
with him twelve hundred pounds in de
preciated currency to defray the expense
of the expedition, and raised three com
panies in Pittsburgh. He procured boats,
and with his supplies, arms and ammu
nition, descended the Ohio river to " Corn
Island," opposite the present city of

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOT0EING.

Louisville, where he was met by Captain
Bowman, who had gone down through
Kentucky to raise a company of men.
When all were assembled on the island
he first disclosed to them that his point
of destination was Kaskaskia, in the Illi
nois country. From " Corn Island " Col.
Clarke descended with his forces, to Fort
Massac, on the west side of the Ohio
river, about forty miles above its mouth.
The party left their boats at this point,
and marched across the country to Kas
kaskia, a distance of 120 miles, through
an unbroken wilderness. They arrived
within sight of the village on the morn
ing of the 4th of July. He concealed the
main body of his men, and sent out spies
to reconnoitre. At night the men were
divided into two bodies, one to take the
village and the other Fort Gage. After
all was in readiness, with the soldiers
drawn up in line on the banks of the
Kaskaskia, Col. Clarke delivered a short
address to his troops, in which he re
minded them that it was the anniversary
of the Deelaration of Independence, and
that they must take the fort and village
at all hazards. Fort Gage was a work of
considerable strength, mounted with can
non and defended by regular soldiers.
So secret had been the movements of the
attacking party, and so little were they
expected, that they reached the very
gates of the fortification unperceived. In
addition to this, they were so fortunate
as to get into communication with an
American belonging to the fort, who led
a detachment of soldiers, under the cele
brated Simon Kenton, inside, through a
back gate. The first intimation the Go
vernor had of their presence, was by
Kenton giving him a shake to arouse
him from his slumbers. The conquest
was achieved without the shedding of a
drop of blood.
The mortification of Governor Roche-
blavc was so great when he found him
self a prisoner in the hands of so small a
body of raw militia, without having an
opportunity to fire a gun, that he refused

to acknowledge any of the courtesies ex
tended to him on account of his official
position. The only alternative for Colo
nel Clarke was to send him in irons to
the Capital of Virginia.
TIIE COUNTY OP ILLINOIS.
Soon after the capture of Kaskaskia,
Col. Clarke communicated the result of
his expedition to the Governor, and ex
pressed his desire to have civil govern
ment extended over the conquered terri
tory. An act was passed by the law
making powers of Virginia, in October,
1778, to establish the county of Illinois.
" It embraced all that part of Virginia
west of the Ohio river, and was probably
the largest county in the world, exceed
ing in its dimensions the whole of Great
Britain and Ireland." To speak more
definitely, the county of Virginia, called
Illinois, embraced the territory now in
cluded in the States of Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan.
After capturing Fort Gates, the next
point to be reduced was Fort St. Vincent,
now Vincemies, Indiana. This fortifica
tion fell into his hands Feb. 24, 1779,
with Governor Hamilton and seventy-
nine men. The property captured with
this fort was valued at one -hundred
thousand pounds sterling.
THE FIEST REPUBLICAN OR DEMOCEATIC
GOVERNOR OF ILLINOIS.
Until this stage of its history, the Illi
nois country had been 'successively under
savage, military and monarchical rulers,
but now the time for another change was
at hand. The first republican Governor
of Illinois was no less a personage than
the renowned Patrick Henry, the great
orator of the American Revolution. He
became the Governor of Virginia, in
1776, and continued to hold the office by
re-election until 1779. It was in this
way that he came to be the first repub
lican or democratic Governor of Illinois.
The law of Virginia establishing the
county of Illinois, having been enacted
in October, 1778, on the 12th of Decern-

ber following, Governor Henry appointed
John Todd civil commandant and Lieu
tenant Colonel of the new county.
He wrote Commandant Todd a lengthy
letter of instructions, in which he says :
"The grand objects, which are disclosed
to your countrymen, will prove beneficial
or otherwise, according to the nature and
abilities of those who are called to direct
the affairs of that remote country. * * *
One great good expected from holding
the Illinois, is to overawe the Indians
from warring against the settlers on this
side of the Ohio." Near the close of his
letter, Governor Henry says : " I think it
proper for you to send me an express,
once in the month, with a general ac
count of affairs with you, and any par
ticulars you may wish to communicate."
The headquarters of Commandant Todd,
or the seat of government for the county,
was at Kaskaskia.
The stay of Colonel Todd, in Illinois,
was not of long duration. Being under
orders to return to Virginia, he made it
convenient to visit his family at Lexing
ton, Kentucky, on the way. While at
Lexington, news came that the Indians
west of the Ohio, were crossing over into
Kentucky. He returned at the head of
his command, and was killed at the bat
tle of Blue Licks. Col. Todd was related
to the ancestors of Mrs. Lincoln.
In 1780 Congress recommended to the
several States having waste, or unappro
priated lands, in the western country, to
cede it to the United States government
for the common benefit of the Union. In
January, 1781, Virginia responded to the
overture of Congress, by yielding her
claims to the territory northwest of the
Ohio river, with certain conditions an
nexed. By an aot of Sept. 13, 1783, Con
gress proposed to comply, in the main,
with the wishes of Virginia ; but sugges
ted some modification of the terms. On
the 20th of December following, the
General Assembly of Virginia passed an
act accepting the modified terms pro

posed by the United States Congress.
By this settlement the United States was
to refund to Virginia all the money that
had been expended by that State in her
military operations, in conquering and
holding the territory. It was also stipu
lated that a quantity, not exceeding one
hundred and fifty thousand acres of land,
promised by the State of Virginia, shall
be allowed and granted by the United
States, to General George Rogers Clarke,
and to the officers and soldiers of his
regiment, who marched with him, "when
the forts of Kaskaskia and St. Vincent
were reduced, and to the officers and sol
diers that were afterwards incorporated
into the said regiment. By this act the
representatives of that State, in Congress,
were instructed and empowered to trans
fer the territory, by deed, to the United
States. The deed was executed March 1,
1784, and signed by Thomas Jefferson,
Samuel Hardy, Arthur Lee and James
Monroe. By Virginia protecting the frontier
settlers from the cruelties of Indian war
fare, she very justly goes down to pos
terity, with the honor of having donated
to the general government, territory from
which has grown five of the very best
States of the American Union. But
while she was generous to the public, she
failed to be just to the man who was in
strumental in bringing so much honor
upon herself. Butler, in his history of
Kentucky, speaking of George Rogers
Clarke, says : " The government of Vir
ginia failed to settle his accounts. Pri
vate suits were brought against him for
public supplies, which ultimately swept
away his fortune, and with this injustice
the spirit of the hero fell, and the Gene
ral never recovered the energies which
had stamped him as one of nature's noble
men. At the same time, it is feared that
a too extensive conviviality contributed
its mischievous effects." The latter was,
most likely, the real cause of his mis
fortunes.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTUEING.

ORDINANCE OF 1787.

July 13, 1787, an ordinance for the go
vernment of the Northwestern Territory,
was enacted by Congress, and Gen. Ar
thur St. Clair appeared at Marietta, on
the Ohio river, and put the new govern
ment in operation. Washington county
was the first organized, and included a
considerable portion of the State of Ohio.
In Feb., 1790, Governor St. Clair and his
Secretary, Winthrop Sargent, arrived at
Kaskaskia, and organized the county of
St. Clair, which embraced more than half
the present State of Illinois. The first
legislative body for the Northwestern
Territory met at what is now Cincinnati,
Sept. 16, 1789. On the 3d of October,
Gen. Wm. H. Harrison was elected the
first delegate to represent the Northwes
tern Territory in the Congress of the
United States.
TERRITORY OF OHIO ORGANIZED.
May 7, 18'00, Ohio was provided with
a territorial organization, and Nov. 29,
1802, was admitted into the Union as a
State, with its seat of government at
Chillicothe. TERRITORY OF INDIANA ORGANIZED.
After Ohio was separated under a ter
ritorial government, tho remainder con
tinued to be governed as the Northwes
tern Territory until 1802, when the Ter
ritory of Indiana was organized with
William Henry Harrison as Governor.
In 1803 the first legislature of Indiana
Territory assembled at Vincennes. Illi
nois then being a part of Indiana Terri
tory, St. Clair county sent three repre
sentatives. TERRITORY OF ILLINOIS ORGANIZED.
By an act of Congress, approved Feb.
3, 1809, Illinois was separated from In

diana, and provision made for organizing
a Territorial Government.
Hon. Ninian Edwards, Chief Justice
of Kentucky, was appointed by President
Madison to bo the first Governor of the
Territory of Illinois. The government
was organized by Nathaniel Pope, Terri
torial Secretary, April 28, 1809. Gover
nor Edwards arrived at Kaskaskia early
in June, and on tho 11th of that month
took the oath of office. He was Gover
nor during the whole of the territorial
existence of Illinois. His first commis
sion was dated March 7, 1809 ; re-ap
pointed Nov. 12, 1812 ; again re-appoint
ed, Jan. 10, 1816. Gov. Edwards was
tho father of Hon. Ninian W. Edwards
and Hon. B. S. Edwards, among the old
est and most respected citizens of Spring
field. From 1809 to 1812, all the legislation
was done " By authority of the Governor
and Judges." They did not enact laws,
but only selected from the territorial
laws of Indiana and from the State' of
Kentucky such as were suitable to the
situation, and declared them to be laws
of the territory of Illinois.
The first election in Illinois was held
March 14, 1812, by order of Governor
Edwards, for the purpose of ascertaining
whether or not the people desired to take
part in the government, by a territorial
organization. The result of the election
was favorable to the change. An elec
tion was then ordered to take place Oct.
9, 10, 11, for the purpose of choosing a
delegate to Congress and members of the
Legislature. The first legislative body in the Terri
tory assembled at Kaskaskia, Nov. 25,
1812. From that time to 1818, all busi
ness was done in the name of the " Leg-

10

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

islative Council and House of Represen
tatives." That body assembled in De
cember, annually, until the organization
of the State government.
STATE GOVERNMENT ORGANIZED.
By an act of Congress, approved April
18, 1818, the people of Illinois were au
thorized to advance from a territorial to
a State government. In August an elec
tion was held for State officers and a Re
presentative in Congress, The State was

admitted into the Union on the third of
December following.
Shadrach Bond, who had been a dele
gate in Congress from 1811 to 1815, and
receiver in the land office from that time
until the State was admitted into the
Union, was elected the first Governor
under the State organization. Ex-Gover
nor Edwards and Jesse B. Thomas were
chosen by the legislature to be the first
United States Senators.

SPRINGFIELD AND SANGAMON COUNTY.

When Illinois was admitted into the
Union, it was composed of thirty-three
counties, but Springfield and Sangamon
county were unknown.
Towns and cities arc born, live and die,
subject to the contingencies of birth, life
and death, analagous to that of human
beings. About the year 1818 an old
bachelor by the name of Kelly, emigrated
from North Carolina to this State. Mr.
Kelly was exceedingly fond of the chase,
and in prospecting for good hunting
grounds, wandered in between two ra
vines, a couple of miles apart, running in
a northwesterly direction and emptying
into Spring creek, a tributary of Sanga
mon river.
The deer with which this country
abounded, before the advent of civiliza
tion, made their homes in the timber
along the large water courses. In the
morning they would leave the heavy tim
ber, follow up the ravines, along which
the trees became smaller, and finally run
out on the open prairie. They would
pass the day amid the tall and luxuriant
grass, roaming about and grazing at pleas
ure, and as nightfall approached, return
down the ravines, to the places they had
left in the morning, each to seek its lair

for repose. The deer in passing up and
down these ravines, gave Mr. Kelly an
opportunity for the full gratification of
his ambition for game. It seemed to him
so much like a hunter's paradise, that he
returned to his old home, and induced
two of his brothers, with their families
and one or more other families among his
acquaintances, to emigrate with him.
More families continued to move into the
country, and generally settled at long
distances from each other, but the princi- '
pal settlement clustered around the Kel
ly's. By an act of the legislature, approved
Jan. 30, 1821, the county of Sangamon
was formed by taking part from each of
the counties of Bond and Madison. It
embraced what are now the counties of
Sangamon, Logan, Mason, Menard, Taze
well, Cass and parts of Morgan, Christian'
McLean, Marshall, Woodford and Put
nam. By an act of Dec. 23, 1824, the bound
aries of the county were reduced, but it
still extended to the Illinois river, and
included the present counties of Sanga
mon and Menard, with parts of Chris
tian, Logan and Mason.
By an act of the General Assembly,

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANTTFAOTTJEING.

11

approved Feb. 15, 1839, the counties of
Menard,Logan and Dane were established.
The whole of Menard and a part of what
is Logan, Mason and Dane, were taken
from Sangamon, reducing it to the pres
ent limits. The name of Dane has since
been changed to Christian. ,
The act of Jan. 30, 1824, which provi
ded for organizing the county of Sanga
mon, created a board of three commis
sioners, whose first duty was declared to
be the selection of a temporary seat of
justice. The first meeting of the com
missioners, was held at the house of John
Kelly, April 3, 1821. Without coming to
a decision, the board adjourned to meet
at the same place on the 10th of the
month. Before their next meeting, by
their investigations they became aware of
the fact, that the Kelly neighborhood was
the only place in all the county, large as
it was, where enough families could be
found in the vicinity of each other, to
board and lodge the members of the

court and those who would be likely to
attend its sessions. The commissioners
met pursuant to adjournment, on the 10th
and fixed upon a location. In their re
port, after discussing the questions pro
and con, with regard to the different
localities, they came to the following con
clusion : "Therefore, we the undersigned,
county commissioners, do certify that we,
after full examination of the situation, of
the present population of said county,
have fixed and designated a certain point
in the prairie, near John Kelly's field, on
the waters of Spring creek, at a stake set,
marked Z, P., as the temporary seat of
justice for said county, and further agree
that said county seat be known by the
name of Springfield." The initials on
the stake were doubtless, those of Zecha-
ria Peter, who was one of the commis
sioners and the first county surveyor. The
first court ever held in the county, was at
the house of John Kelly, and commenced
May 1, 1821, just half a century ago.

COURT HOUSES IN SANGAMON COUNTY.

The point chosen for the new county
buildings, is now the northwest corner of
Jefferson and Second streets. A log Court
House and Jail was built there in the
latter part of 1821. The Court House
was built under contract for $84 00. I
fail to find that there was any Court
House Ring formed, or that there were
any persons about who were disappointed
because they could not have a hand in
spending the money, shouting steal 1
steal !
An incident said to have occurred about
this time, will illustrate the disposition
of the early settlers to give an amusing
turn to passing events. An attorney at
the bar, violated the rules of decorum as
understood by the Judge. His honor,

ever bearing in mind the dignity of the
court, ordered the lawyer to be arrested,
and sent him to jail for a few hours. On
repairing to the Court House next morn
ing, the Judge, attorneys and others, were
surprised to find the court in session, be
fore the hour to which it had adjourned.
A large calf was on the platform, usually
occupied by the Judge, and a flock of
geese, cooped up in the jury box. The
attorney who had been in jail the day
before, was inside the bar ; bowing first
to the calf, and then to the geese; he
commenced his pleading, — "May it please
the Court, and you gentlemen of the
Jury." The $84 00 Court House did well for a
time, but aristocratic feelings began to

12

prevail, and we find the result in a con
tract, on file at the office of the County
Clerk, made in September, 1825, for build
ing another Court House. Log buildings
could be no longer tolerated, and this
was to be a frame. The contract price
was $449 00, but it was too big a thing
to let it all in one contract, so the build
ing of the flues was let to another party
for $70 00, making a total of $519 00.
The old log Court House was sold for
$32 00. The new frame Court House
was at the northeast corner of Adams and
Sixth streets, opposite where the American
House now stands.
Only a few years elapsed until the
frame Court house was thought to be in
adequate to the wants of the people. We
find it on record in the county archives
that in February, 1830, the county court
appointed three agents or commissioners
to superintend the erection of a brick
Court House. On the third of March,
the commissioners reported to the court
that they had entered into contracts with
two parties. One for the brick work at
$4,641, the other for the wood work at
$2,200, making a total of $6,841. This
edifice was completed early in 1831 and
stood in the centre of the public square,
where the State House now stands. This
old Court House was a square building,
two stories high, hip roof, with a cupola
rising in the centre.
From the time the brick Court House
was erected, all the business of the town
collected around the square. When
Springfield was selected as the future
Capital of the State iu 1837, with a pledge
to raise $50,000 to assist in building the
State House, also to furnish the land upon
which to place it, it was not an easy mat
ter to agree upon a location. If land was
selected far enough from the existing
business to be cheap, then the $50,000
could not bo raised ; those already in
business around the square refused to
contribute because the State House being
so much larger and more attractive, would
draw the business after it, thus injuring

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND
the value of their property. After dis
cussing the question in all its bearings, it
was found that the only practicable way
to^ettle the question was to demolish the
Court House and use the square for the
State House. Then those in business
around it would contribute to the $50,-
000 fund to the extent of their ability.
The Court House was accordingly re
moved, early in 1837, and work on the
State House commenced. This square,
with the Court House and other build
ings on it, were valued at the time at
about $16,000.
Having thus summarily disposed of
their Court House, and having engaged
to do so much towards building the State
House, the people of Sangamon Co. were
unable to undertake the building of
another. To supply the deficiency, the
county authorities then rented a building
that had been erected for a storehouse by
the Hon. Ninian W. Edwards. This
building at the west side of Fifth street,
five doors north of Washington, was used
as a Court House for about ten years. It
still belongs to Mr. Edwards and is now
receiving some additions and undergoing
some alterations and repairs, in order to
fit it up for a first-class business house. .
After the State House was built, the
$50,000 paid, and the county emerged
from the general wreck, accompanying
the financial crash of 1837-8, Sangamon
county once more began to take measures
for erecting another Court House. In the
month of February, 1845, a lot of ground
was purchased at the southeast corner of
Washington and Sixth streets, prepara
tory to building. April 22, 1845, a con
tract was made by the county commis
sioners for building the new Court House,
according to plans and specifications pre
viously adopted. The new building was
to cost $9,680, and to be paid for in
county orders. It was completed accord
ing to contract and is yet used as the
Court House of Sangamon county.
In giving the prices paid for all these
Court Houses, no attention has been given

Its advantages toe mantjfaotueing.

13

to the cost of the land, but the buildings
only. This latter building will bo used for
the business of the county, until the com"
pletion of the New State House, and the
old one is vacated by the State, after
which that will be the Court House of
Sangamon county.
FIRST SURVEY OF PUBLIC LANDS.
The first survey of public lands in San
gamon county, took place in the year
1821. Rev. John M. Peck, in his Pioneer
History of Illinois, says that Springfield
was laid out in February, 1822, referring
no doubt to Calhoun, which was the name
first given to the first plat of what
is now a part of Springfield. It is in the
northwestern part of the city. The first
sale of public lands in Sangamon county,
tookplace Nov. 7, 1823. At that sale the
lands were purchased, upon which Cal
houn had been laid out. Four different
parties entered each a quarter, of as many
sections, cornering together. The town
plat of Calhoun was recorded December
5, 1823.
An act of the legislature, approved
December 23, 1824, provided for fixing
the boundary of the county, and named
commissioners who should permanently
locate the county seat. A proviso in the
law forbid its being located unless at least
thirty-five acres of land was donated on
the spot. The commissioners assembled
March 18, 1825, and confirmed the former
location. Forty-two acres were at once
donated by Elijah lies and Pascal Enos
Between the time of the temporary and
permanent location of the county seat, at
an election for members of the legislature,
two opposing candidates went before the
people, on the merits of two localities for
the permanent county seat. I. H. Pugh
was the candidate for Springfield, and
William S. Hamilton — a son of the great

Alexander Hamilton — represented Sanga-
mo, a beautiful site for a town, on tho
banks of the Sangamon river, about seven
miles west, bearing a little north from
Springfield. Mr. Hamilton was elected>
but Pugh went to Vandalia as a lobby
member and succeeded in having commis
sioners appointed who were favorable to
Springfield. After fixing the location, the commis
sioners laid out the land that had been
donated into lots, making the streets cor"
respond with those of Calhoun. Tho
name of Calhoun soon ceased to be used>
except in the conveyance of lots.
FIRST LEGISLATION FOR SPRINGFIELD.
The first legislation on the part of the
State, with reference to Springfield was
approved February 9, 1827. By this act
the court of county commissioners were
required to appoint street commissioners
for the town, and levy a tax for improv
ing the same.
An act of the General Assembly, ap
proved February 12, 1831, was a general
law for the incorporation of towns. April
2, 1832, Springfield was incorporated
under that law. October 18, 1832, the
county court ordered a fe-survey of the
town, in order to adjust the discrepancies
between the plats of Calhoun and Spring
field. The survey was made and ac
knowledged June 18,'. 1833, and recorded
November 9, 1836.
By the act of the General Assembly of
Illinois, approved February 3, 1840, a
city charter was granted to Springfield.
This law provided for an election to be
held on the first Monday in April, to adopt
or reject the proposed charter. The elec
tion was held on the 6th day of the
month and the charter was adopted.
April 20, 1840, the first election was held
for city officers.

14

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

STATE CAPITOLS.

The building which was used as a ter
ritorial capitol was a French structure, in
the primitive style of architecture. Judge
Caton, in his oration at the laying of the
corner stone of the new State House, Oc
tober 5, 1868, described it by saying :
"It was a rough building in the centre of
a square in the village of Kaskaskia, the
ancient seat of thb western empire for
more than one hundred and fifty years.
The body of this building was of uncut
limestone, the gables and roof of the gam-
brel style, of unpainted boards and shin
gles, with dormer windows. The lower
floor, a long, cheerless room, was fitted up
for the House, whilst the Council sat in
the small chamber above. This venera
ble building was, during the French oc
cupancy of the country, prior to 1763, the
headquarters of the military command
ant. Thirty years ago the house was a
mass of ruins, and to-day, probably, there
is not a stone left to designate the spot
where it stood."
During the whole territorial existence
of Illinois, the building just described
was the Capitol, and the State Govern
ment was inaugurated there also.
The State Constitution of 1818 required
the General Assembly to petition Con
gress for a grant of land, upon which to
locate the seat of government for the
State. In the event of the prayer of the
petitioners being granted, a town was to
be laid out on said land, which town
should be the seat of government for the
State for twenty years. The prayer of the
petitioners was granted. "At the session
of 1819 in Kaskaskia, five commissioners
were appointed to select the land appro
priated by Congress for the State Capi
tal." They made their selection further

up the Kaskaskia river. The ground
fixed upon was covered with an exceed
ingly heavy growth of timber. Having
agreed upon the place, the commissioners
united their intellectual faculties in a
gigan tip effort to select a name that should
be sufficiently high-sounding and eupho
nious to attract the attention of the whole
country. Governor Ford, in his history
of Illinois, gives the following humorous
account of the way it was done:
"Tradition says that a wag, who was
present, suggested to the commissioners
that the "Vandals" were a powerful na
tion of Indians, who once inhabited the
banks of the Kaskaskia river, and that
"Vandalia," derived from the name,
would perpetuate the memory of that ex
tinct but renowned people. The sugges
tion pleased the commissioners, the name
was adopted, and they thus proved that
the cognomen of their new city — if they
were fit representatives of their constitu
ents — would better illustrate the charac
ter of the modern than the ancient inhab
itants of the country."
As soon as the town was laid out, the
timber was cut away and a two story
frame building erected, on the square set
apart for the State Capitol. The edifice
was placed on a rough stone foundation,
in the centre of the square, and was of
very rude workmanship. The lower floor
was for the House of Representatives, and
the upper divided into two rooms, the
largest one for the Senate and the smaller
for the office of secretary of state. The
auditor and treasurer occupied detached
buildings. The archives of the- State
were removed from Kaskaskia to Vanda
lia in December, 1820.
This wooden State House was burned

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANDFjiOTUEING

15

and a much larger one built of brick, on
the same ground. The brick building is
now used by Fayette county as a Court
House, Vandalia being the county seat.
The rapidity with which emigration
filled up the northern part of the
State rendered it apparent, long be
fore the expiration of the time, that it
would be necessary to move the Capital
farther north, and as early as 1883 the
question began to be agitated in the Gen
eral Assembly.
From the time Sangamon "county was
organized and Springfield fixed as the
county scat, it grow steadily though not
rapidly. Among the new comers there
was an unusually large number of men of
more than ordinary talents, many of whom
afterwards acquired National distinction.
Among these may be mentioned Abraham
Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglas, E. D. Baker,
and many others who are yet living.
When the question of relocating the Cap
itol came up, Sangamon county was very
ably represented.
In the Legislature of 1836-7 she had
two Senators and seven Representatives,
who were not only men of talents, but
persistent workers. They were the most
remarkable delegation from any one coun
ty to the General Assembly, for the reason
that they were much taller than the aver
age of human stature. I have just learned
from one of the number — Hon. Ninian
W. Edwards— who is yet living in this
city, that some of them were a little
less and some a little more than six
feet, but that their combined height was
exactly fifty-four feet. For this reason
they were then and are yet spoken of as
the "Long Nine." The names of those in
the Senate were, *A. G. Herndon and Job
Fletcher ; in the House, * Abraham Lin
coln, Ninian W. Edwards, *John Dawson,
*Andrew McCormick, *Daniel Stone, W.
F. Elkin and Robert L. Wilson. One or
two were as tall, but none taller, than
Abraham Lincoln, who was just six feet

and two inches. Those marked with a
star are all deceased.
The removal of the Capital was a fore
gone conclusion. The members of the
Legislature found much fault with Van
dalia, because they were fed almost en
tirely on prairie chickens and venison —
very common articles of food at the time,
although they are considered luxuries
now ; but the law makers wanted some
thing better, or at any rate a change.
Perhaps no other place would have done
better ; but experience proves that when
a body of Legislators wish to find fault
with a town, it is easy to raise pretexts.
There was, however, a real necessity for
moving the seat of government further
north, as the tide of emigration set
steadily in that direction, and the
means of travel were confined almost
entirely to stage coaches and riding on
horse back.
The people of Illinois were, at that
time, almost crazy on the subject of inter
nal improvements. Not more than one
in ten thousand of them had ever seen a
railroad, but they had heard of them, and
thought the prairies of Illinois the best
place in the world to build them. Char
ters were granted for them in nearly all
parts of the State. The "Long Nine"
were a unit for securing the State Capi
tal, consequently did not jeopardize it
by putting in claims for other improve
ments. The result was the passage of
"An act permanently to locate the seat of
government for the State of Illinois,"
which was approved at Vandalia, Febru
ary 25, 1837. This law provided for a
joint session of the two houses on the 28th
of the same month, to select a situation.
An appropriation of fifty thousand dol
lars was made, to commence building the
State House. The law also declared that
no place should be chosen unless its citi
zens contributed at least $50,000 to aid
in the work, and not less than two acres
of land, as a site for the Capitol. When
the two houses assembled on the 28th, it

16

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

was decided that Springfield should be
the permanent seat of government of the
State of Illinois.
"A supplemental act was passed March
3d, authorizing the commissioners of San
gamon county to convey the land, as a
site for the new edifice, to the State. It
also named three commissioners, who were
authorized and instructed to superintend
the work. It was expected that the new
Capitol would be completed in time for
the first meeting of the Legislature in
Springfield, which was fixed for the spe
cial session of 1839-40. Finding that
this could not be done, the Second Pres
byterian church, on Fourth street — the old
building by the side of that in which the
House of Representatives for 1871 trans
acted its business — was secured as Rep
resentative Hall, the Methodist church
for the Senate Chamber, and the Episco
pal church for the Supreme court. The
first was and is yet quite a commodious
brick edifice ; the two latter, small, wood
en buildings, have long since disappeared
as churches. The Legislature first con
vened at Springfield, in special session,
December 9, 1839.
OFFERS TO RELEASE SPRINGFIELD OF THE
$50,000.
It is worthy of remark just here that
the clause requiring $50,000 to be paid
by the town where the Capital should be
located was inserted to secure the vote of
one man.
It was thought by many of the mem-
bersto be unreasonable to require a little
town of eleven hundred inhabitants,
struggling with all the disadvantages of
a new country — the privations of which
cannot be realized by those living in
these days of railroads — and no less a
personage than the Hon. Stephen A.
Douglas, then a member from Morgan
county, proposed to bring in a bill be
fore the close of that session, releasing
Springfield from the payment of the
$50,000 pledged. The sterling honesty
of Abraham Lincoln manifested itself

here as on all other proper occasions.
He interposed his objections, although
he felt that the offer was made in good
faith and with the most kindly feeling,
but insisted that the money should be
paid to the full extent. In this he was
supported by every one of the "Long
Nine." Arrangements were made to pay the
money in three installments. The two
first payments were m^de without any
great difficulty ; but the third one pres
sed more heavily, as the financial crash
that swept over the whole United States,
while the now State House was in course
of construction, impoverished many.
Under these circumstances it became ne
cessary to borrow the money, to make
the last payment, from the State Bank of
Illinois. THE NOTE OF ONE HUNDRED AND ONE
CITIZENS.
If any citizen of the State, visiting the
city, would like to know how it was
done, he can, by stepping into the Ridg-
ley National Bank, see in a frame, over
the outside desk, the original note, ma
king $16,666 67, payable to the State
Bank of Illinois, twelve months after
date, with semi-annual interest, at the
rate of six per cent, per annum until
paid. It is dated March 22, 1838, and
signed by one hundred and one citizens
of Springfield.
The money thus obtained was used in
the purchase of Internal Improvement
scrip or stock, which was paid into the
State treasury. Thus the last install
ment of the $50,000 was paid in the
State's own evidences of indebtedness.
Many names are on this paper, of men
whom the world have known only to
love and respect. Here I find the names
of E. D. Baker and A. Lincoln, as close
together as it would be convenient to
write them. I might name many more
who have made their influence felt for
the right and been honored in return.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEINU,

17

The first payment on this note was
$500 interest, Sept. 22, 1838, exactly six
months from date. Then there are a
great number of credits, the last being
April 23, 1844. By the time it was paid,
principal and interest amounted to nearly
$18,000. Between the date of this note
and the time it was paid, the State Bank
of Illinois failed, and its affairs went into
liquidation. Some of the payments on
the note were made in the depreciated
paper of the Bank, for which it had re
ceived j>ar value when it was paid out.
This has been charged against Spring
field as a breach of good faith. The
charge is entirely unjust. If one business
man owes another money, and the credi
tor fails, it is considered both morally
and legally right for the debtor to pay
the creditor in his own paper, although
it may be worthless in commercial trans
actions. Many of the men whose names
were on the note, doubtless lost money
by the failure of the bank, and it was
no more than right that they should save
themselves as far as possible in this trans
action ; so I submit that the pledges of
Springfield and Sangamon county were
as faithfully redeemed as if all had been
paid in gold. PUBLIC FESTIVAL.
Early in 1837 a public festival was held
in Springfield, in honor of the legislation
for the removal of the Capital. Toasts
and speeches followed the dinner. Among
many others, I find the following, by
Abraham Lincoln, Esq. :
" All our Friends — They are too nu
merous to mention now, individually,
while there is no one of them who is not
too dear to be forgotten or neglected."
Immediately following this was one by
S. A. Douglas, Esq.
"The last Winter's Legislation— May
its results prove no less beneficial to the
whole State than they have to our town."
There is a tradition here that some
thing stronger than water was used in
drinking the toasts on that occasion, as

no man could be found, after tho festival,
that could tell who made the last speech.
LAYING CORNER STONE OF THE FIRST
STATE HOUSE.
Soon after the adjournment of the
Legislature, the commissioners entered
upon the discharge of their duties, and
July 4, 1837, the corner stone was laid
with grand civic and military demonstra
tions. After the corner stone had been
lowered to its place in the wall, it was
mounted by E. D. Baker — afterwards
United States Senator, and the lamented
Colonel of Ball's Bluff memory — who de
livered one of the most thrilling and
eloquent speeches, for which he was so
famous. It was estimated that the build
ing would cost $130,000, but $240,00.0
was expended before it was completed
according to the original design. De
ducting the $50,000 paid by Springfield,
leaves $190,000 as the cost of that build
ing to the State.
When the State House was completed,
it was looked upon with wonder and ad
miration by the people, who regarded it
as a model of architectural beauty. It
is built of lime stone, which is composed
almost entirely of fossils. It was taken
from a quarry seven or eight miles south
of Springfield, and hauled by ox teams
to the place selected for the building.
The size of the edifice was thought to be
so enormous that it would answer the
purposes of the State for all time to come.
It was, for the time, really a commodious
and handsome building, but now it will
make a very moderate Court House for
Sangamon county. From the time the
State House was built here, until the
breaking out of the great rebellion, the
growth of Illinois was beyond anything
that the early settlers could have'^ ima
gined. BUILDING THE LELAND HOTEL.
Springfield, as the Capital, had not
grown in anything like its due propor
tion to the State, but during the rebel
lion its growth was more rapid. At the

18

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

close of the war, the hotel accommoda
tions of Springfield were inadequate to
the demands of the public. In order to
supply the deficiency, a joint stock com
pany was organized, and in 1866 the
magnificent Leland Hotel was erected
and furnished at a cost of $350,000. It
was opened to the public, on the assem
bling of the Legislature, Jan. 1, 1867.
MOVEMENTS FOE A NEW STATE HOUSE.
For several years prior to this time, it
was apparent to all business men and
politicians, who had occasion to visit
Springfield, that the building of a new
State House could not be much longer
delayed. Tho State had outgrown its
public buildings so much that its records
were unsafe, and many branches of its
official business had to be transacted in
rented buildings, where much of its valu
able property was exposed at all times to
the dangers of destruction by fire. There
began to-be intimations thrown out that
when the question did come up for leg
islation, other important towns would
endeavor to bring influences to bear in
favor of re-location and removal.
These difficulties were foreseen and
understood by the citizens of Springfield,
and although it was felt to be an obstacle
to the growth of the city, yet all seemed
disposed to put off the evil day as long
as possible. During the summer of 1866,
Hon. J. C. Conkling became a candidate
for a seat in the lower branch of the
General Assembly, with the view of ma
king the question of building a new
State House a prominent subject before
the Legislature, if elected. Mr. Conkling
went before the people upon this ques
tion and the politics of the day, and was
elected, although his opponent was
friendly to the move for a new State
House also. Tho election was held in
November, 1866.
Hon. John S. Bradford was Mayor of
Springfield at the time, and in conse
quence of the general feeling on the State-
House question, he, soon after the State

election, sent out private invitations, to
some forty or fifty of the most prominent
business men, to meet him on a certain
evening in a hall, named in the invita
tion. When they were assembled, Mayor
Bradford was called on to preside and
state the object of the meeting. He in
formed them that it was to hold a con
sultation with reference to bringing the
subject of building a new Capitol for the
State, before the General Assembly, for
its action at the approaching session.
After the delivery of a brief address by
the Mayor, a general interchange of views
followed, when it was found that the
feeling was almost unanimous in favor of
action. By subsequent meetings and
consultations with the board of Supervi
sors for Sangamon county and the city
authorities of Springfield, those two or
ganizations were ready to purchase the
old State House for the use of the county
and city, in the event of the General As
sembly deciding to erect a new one.
LAW PROVIDING FOR BUILDING A NEW
CAPITOL.
Accordingly, when the Legislature as
sembled, Mr. Conkling presented a bill
providing for the erection of a new State
Capitol at Springfield, and laid it before
the House of Representatives early in
the session. It was referred to the com
mittee on public buildings; and after re
maining in their hands several weeks,
during which time some changes were
made, the principal one being an increase
of the amount to be paid for the old
State House. It was reported back to the
House, with the unanimous recommen
dation that it be adopted. It passed
both Houses, and was approved by Gov.
R. J. Oglesby, Feb. 25, 1867, with a sup
plementary act two days later.
This law provided, first, for the convey
ance by the Governor, of the public
square, containing two and a half acres
of land, with the State House upon it, to
Sangamon county and the city of Spring
field, in consideration of $200,000, to bo

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTUEING.

19

paid to tho State of Illinois, and for the
further consideration that the city and
county cause to be conveyed to the State
a certain piece of land, described by
metes and bounds, in the bill, and con
taining between eight and nine acres,
upon which to erect the new State House.
This bill also provides that the State
shall have the use of the old State House
until the new one is completed. The
land was secured at a cost to the city of
$70,000, and conveyed to the State ; tho
$200,000 was paid by the county, and
that amount, with $250,000 more to be
drawn from tho State treasury, making
$450,000, was appropriated to commence
the work.
It is proper here to state that the
$200,000, paid nominally for the old
State House, was really in consideration
that a new one was to be built. The
people of Sangamon county would now
much prefer to re-convey it to the State,
if they could have refunded the $200,000,
with the $80,000 interest, that the money
has been worth during that time ; then
they could build a Court House much
more to their liking, for a much smaller
amount of money.
It is a matter in which the people have
a right to feel an honest pride, that while
other towns and cities in different parts
of the State have made liberal offers to
secure the location of some State institu
tion, only to evade its provisions, and in
the end leave the State to make up their
deficiencies, Springfield and Sangamon
county have redeemed every pledge they
have made to the people of the State.
Upon this subject they invite the closest
scrutiny. In the law, seven men were named as
commissioners, to superintend the erec
tion of the new State House, and dis
burse the funds appropriated for that
purpose. They were instructed to adver
tise for plans andspecifications, for thirty
(Jays, in two daily papers each, in Spring-
&ld and Chicago, and one each, in Phil

adelphia and New York. After waiting
three months they were to notify the
committees on public buildings as pro
vided by law, who were to unite with
the commissioners in adopting a design.
The commissioners were to be governed
by the plan so adopted, and the total
cost of the building was not to exceed
$3,000,000. March 5, 1867, they adver
tised "Notice to Architects," offering
$3,000 to the architect whose design
should be adopted for the new State
House, and asking for plans and specifi
cations to be submitted for their inspec
tion. EFFORTS TO NULLIFY THE LAW AND THEIR
FAILURE.
A writ of quo warranto — or an in
quiry as to their right or authority to act
— was issued against the commissioners,
from the Superior Court of Chicago, May
13, 1867, on the relation of Mathew Laf-
lin, and judgment of ouster was entered.
The commissioners appealed to the
Supreme Court, and the decision was re
versed at Ottawa in September of that
year. The commissioners having adver
tised for proposals before the commence
ment of the suit, and having named the
15th of July as the time for inspecting
the designs, and being deprived of the
power to act by the decision of the
Superior Court of Chicago, placed both
themselves and architects in an awkward
position. The Supreme Court, however,
came to their relief by giving special per
mission to the commissioners to call to
their assistance the committees on public
buildings as provided by law, and the
inspection took place as previously in
tended, on the 15th of July, in the Sen
ate Chamber at Springfield. A large
number of designs were submitted to
their inspection, and after mature delib
eration, that presented by J. C. Cochrane
of Chicago, was adopted.
The commissioners being compelled to
remain inactive until after the meeting

20

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

of the Supreme Court in September, it
was too late in the season to do anything
more than prepare for active business
the next year. Their first act after the
decision of the Supreme Court reinstating
them, was on the 8th of November, when
they issued an advertisement for sealed
proposals to do the excavating, and fur
nish certain descriptions of stone.
January 14, 1868, John C. Cochrane
was appointed architect and superintend
ent, and a contract entered into for that
purpose. January 18, a contract was
made with N. Strott, of Springfield, for
the excavation ; and January 20th, with
R. W. McClaughry & Co., of Hancock
county, for stone to build the foundation.
Broken stone for concrete was purchased
ready delivered, of J. J. & W. H. Mitch
ell, of Alton. March 25th, a contract
was made with Barnard & Gowen, of
Chicago, to do the mason work.
MAGNITUDE OF THE WORK.
The magnitude of tho enterprise may
be inferred from the fact that the parties
who furnished the foundation stone, gave
security in the penal sum of $550,000 for
the performance of contract, and those
who do the mason work a penal sum of
$200,000. Excavating was commenced
early in the spring, but owing to the ex
cessive rains, the ground was not in a
proper condition to commence laying
stone until June 11, 1868. From that
time until cold weather put a stop to it,
the work was prosecuted vigorously, and
a part of the foundation was brought to
a level with the surface during the month
of September. LAYING CORNER STONE.
The Grand Master of Masons for the
State of Illinois was invited by the com
missioners to assemble the craft for the
purpose of laying the corner stone r f the
New State House, with the imposing
ceremonials of the order. The invitation
was accepted, and October 5 set apart as
the time at which it was to take place.

A stone was prepared, eight feet long,
four feet wide and three feet deep, with
a recess for receiving such articles as it
was thought desirable to deposit. A
catalogue of them would fill one of these
pages. The day was bright and cheerful, and
the procession the largest that had ever
been seen at the capital of the State, ex
cept at the obsequies of President Lin
coln in May, 1865. Masons were present
from all parts of the State, of all degrees,
from Master Mason to Knight Templar.
After the corner stone had been tested
by the implements of the order, and pro
nounced well formed, true and trusty, it
was placed in its proper position at the
northeast corner of the building. An
eloquent oration was then delivered by
the Hon. John D. Caton, of Ottawa.
The ceremonials having closed, the craft
and others present were called from labor
to refreshment, and all repaired to the
"Rink" to partake of a sumptuous colla
tion prepared by the Lelands. After
dinner the multitude dispersed to their
homes, to treasure up the memories of
the day as one of the most pleasant way-
marks of their lives.
DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW STATE HOUSE.
Without regard to such technicalities
as would be pleasing to architects,
I shall endeavor to describe the edifice,
in such language as will be most easily
understood by the common reader. The
ground plan is in the form of a great
cross, and the superstructure is in the
style called the classic order of architec
ture. It so blends the ancient and mod
ern art of building as to secure the great
est strength and solidity and yet preserve
an exterior appearance so light and airy
as to be very pleasant to the eye. The
grand outlines are, total length from
north to south, 359 feet, exclusive of
the porticos, which adds twenty feet to
each end. From east to west it is 266
feet, with twenty feet additional in the
grand portico at the east end, which is

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTTJEING.

21

the principal front. There is an ex
cavation under ground of ten feet
depth, throughout the entire area.
It is designed by the architect for
the heating apparatus, the storage of
fuel and other heavy articles. So
much of the floor as is used, is to be
covered with concrete.
The next above this is the first
story ; it is nineteen feet high, and
entirely above ground. The floor of
this story is supported by brick
arches ; and in the halls the arches
are double, one being two feet below the
other, to form viaducts to supply the
rooms with fresh air. A layer of con
crete covers the entire area of the arches,
and, upon this, imbedded in cement, is
laid the marble floors throughout.
On this floor we find private rooms for
the Judges of the Supreme Court and
committee rooms. The largest portion
of this floor is devoted to the storage of
stationery, printing paper, and all arti
cles connected with or used in any other
part of the building. One of these rooms
is for the storage of Geological speci
mens, and another for geological artists.
One or more is for the Adjutant Gene
ral's office and museum. This story, in
addition to the windows on all sides, is
lighted by a glass ceiling in the centre,
which forms the floor of the Rotunda
above. Above this is the principal story,
which is twenty-two feet and a half
from floor to ceiling. On this floor is
the Main Corridor, running the entire
length of the building from north to
south, and the Grand Corridor crossing
it at right angles under the dome, and
extending across the building from east
to west. The Main Corridor is 359 feet
long, twenty- four feet wide and twenty-
two and a half feet high.
The sides of the Main Corridor will be
finished with marble pilasters projecting
from the walls, thus forming panels. The
__4

View of the New State House.
entire walls on both sides, consisting of
pilasters with their caps and bases, pan
els and their borders, and door finish, are
all to be of variagated marble, and the
ceiling to be frescoed. The Grand Cor
ridor, extending from the east portico to
the Grand Stairway in the western
wing, is so called in consideration of
its great width — thirty-two feet — and
because the pilasters are more massive
and the finish more elaborate than in the
Main Corridor.
The rooms on the floor described are
to be used as follows : Governor's recep
tion and private rooms ; office of the
Secretary of State ; of the Treasurer of
State, and of the Auditor of Public Ac
counts ; Superintendent of Public In
struction ; Superintendent of Public In
struction's library ; law library ; State
document library; Attorney General's
office ; supreme court room ; supreme
court clerk's office ; four massive stone
fire-proof vaults, and the State Treasu
rer's burglar-proof safe. The State Geol
ogist's museum, is just over the State
Geologist's store room in the first story,
with which it is connected by a private
stairway ; State Geologist's office. With
all these, there are the necessary water
closets, wash rooms, private offices, and
the Grand Stairway which leads to the
story above. This flight is to be made of
Tennessee marble, the steps each sixteen
feet long.
The floors of this story are supported

23

SPEINGFIELD

by wrought iron beams, properly braced
with angle irons, all well secured with
rivets. The spaces between the wrought
iron beams are filled with brick arches,
the whole of which is covered with con
crete, having wooden strips imbedded,
to hold the wooden floors, in the rooms
only. The floors in the halls and corri
dors are all marble, chequered by alter
nate squares of different colors.
The principal entrance is at the east
side, by an immense flight of stone steps,
seventy-three feet wide, landing in a
Grand Portico.
We will ascend the front steps, enter
the east portico, pass along the Grand
Corridor, over the glass floor in the ro
tunda, and continue west, to the foot of
the grand stairway, which we ascend, to
half the height of the story, then turn
about, either to the right or left, and
ascend to the second principal stoey.
The floor of this story is constructed
exactly as the one described below. Keep
in mind that the entire edifice retains
the form of a grand cross — first story,
principal story, and second principal
story. It is the floor of the latter on
which we are now standing.
This story is forty-five feet from floor
to ceiling. Let us enter the north angle
or arm of the cross. Here we find the
Senate Chamber, sixty-two by seventy-
five feet, with the desk of the presiding
officer at the north side. In the extreme
north end of this wing, we find rooms
properly arranged for the speaker, chief
lerk, enrolling and engrossing clerks,
sergeant at-arms, post office, and folding
room ; with corridors on the east and
west sides.
We will now pass out south, around
the rotunda, and across the corridor into
the Hall of the House of Representatives,
in the southern angle of the building.
This hall is sixty-six by one hundred
feet, with speaker's desk at the west
side. The desks here, as in the Senate

Chamber, are in a semi-circular form.
Here we find, under somewhat different
arrangements, rooms attached, for the
same offices as those connected with the
Senate Chamber. In both halls there are
cloak rooms.wash rooms and water closets
conveniently attached. Both are lighted
in the day time, principally through the
roof. The east wing has rooms for the Canal
Commissioners, and committee rooms,
with cloak and other necessary rooms at
tached. Between these rooms and the
rotunda there is a lobby 26 x 104 feet,
extending across the wing from north to
south. The west wing has rooms for the State
library, the librarian, a reading room,
and an audience room each, for the Senate
and House of Representatives.
The Senate Chamber and Representa
tives Hall have each a gallery, extending
around three sides, half way from floor
to ceiling. A portion of the gallery in
each house is set apart for the use of re
porters of the press. On a level with the
galleries, a floor extends over all the of
fice rooms connected with both houses,
the Governor's rooms, State library, re
ception rooms, and all except the two
legislative halls. This floor is divided
into a great number of small rooms, for
the use of committees of both houses, and
is designated the Gallery Stoey.
To impress it on the mind, I will here
recapitulate, that the body of the edifice
above ground consists of the First Story,
Principal Stoey, Second Peincipal
Story, and Gallery Story.
The roof on all the wings is of the
Mansard style, covered with slate on the
sides and copper on top. Above all this
rises the stately Dome, surmounted by a
lantern with a ball on the pinnacle, 320
feet from the natural surface of the earth,
being forty-three feet higher than the
Capitol at Washington. The lantern is

ITS ADVANTAGES F*E MANTTFAOTUBING.

23

sixteen feet wide, and twenty-four feet
from bottom to top. The frame work is
of iron and the sides of glass. The floor
of the lantern will be 280 feet above the
surface of the earth. An iron stairway as
cending inside the Dome, will afford access
to the lantern. The means of communi
cating between the Basement Story and
the Legislative Halls will be by the Grand
Stairway and two other public and three
private stairways.
In addition to this there will be two
steam hoisting apparatus or elevators, by
means of which persons can ascend »r
descend, from one to another of the floors,
by simply stepping on and off a platform.
For heating and ventilating the build
ing, there will be ten boilers, forty-eight
inches in diameter and twelve feet long.
Asteam engine cf twenty horse power will
be used for running the elevator and a
fan twelve feet in diameter, to produce
sufficient circulation of air to ventilate
the building in a proper manner. There
will be 163,500 lineal feet of pipe, used
to conduct the steam to all parts of the
building. The principal material used in the edi
fice is cut stone. Of this there will be
nearly three-quarters of a million cubic
feet, including the foundation. About
one-half of the stone is finely dressed or
planed. This does not include the mar
ble, of which there is an enormous quan
tity. In addition to the stone in the
walls there will be about twenty millions
of brick, Of wrought iron there will be
2,414,101 pounds, or 1,207 tons; and of
cast iron 3,673,456 pounds, or 1,886>£
tons. The Rotunda is 76 feet in diameter.
From the glass floor, where the Grand and
Main corridors cross each other, to the
fresco painting, just beneath the Dome,
it will be 217 feet without any obstruc
tion to the view whatever.
The three Porticos, at the north, south,
and east sides, are to have ten columns,
each. These columns are to be 45 feet

high, without the plinth block, which is
four feet high. The base and cap pieces
are to be cut separate ; the two make nine
feet of the height. Deduct this from
forty-five, leaves thirty-six feet as the
heighth and tour and a half feet diame
ter, as the dimensions of the columns.
Thirty of these are to be cut in single
pieces each, from stone in the quarry — if
any such can be found.
Let us take our position in front of the
east Portico. It is ninety feet wide.
From each of the front corners rises a tur
ret, to the heighth of 132 feet. That on
the right, or to the north, is to be sur
mounted by a statue of Lincoln, and the
one on the left, or to the south, by a sta
tue of Douglas. This, as I have already
stated, is the Principal Front or entrance.
I have thus described, from the work
ing drawings and the book of specifica
tions of Cochrane & Piquenard, superin
tending architects, the merest outline of
the new Capitol of Illinois, now in course
of construction, as it will appear when
completed. Let us see what has been
done towards carrying out the designs
laid down on the trestle board.
WORK COMPLETED.
The excavation for the foundation on
which the great Dome is to rest, is 25
feet below the natural surface of the
ground, and at the bottom is a solid ledge
of stone. The area is circular, and is
92% feet in diameter. The foundation
was commenced by covering the entire
space, to an average depth of six feet, with
concrete, that is, broken stone, cement,
clean, sharp sand, and water. This con
crete receives the heavy stone walls o'f
an average of 17 feet in thickness, till
brought to a level with the first floor,
which is 24 feet above the concrete.
These walls are not made of heavy stone
on the outside and filled in with small
ones, but they are all large — some of them
two, three, and four tons weight, each.
Think of the thickness of the walls, stand
ing on a solid ledge of limestone, and

24

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

perhaps you can comprehend their solid-
ity. The excavation for the outer walls,
around the entire building, is twelve feet
beneath the surface and nine feet wide.
The walls are commenced with two feet
depth of concrete all over the bottom.
They are eight feet a,nd eight inches wide
at the bottom, and run up, with offsets,
to six feet three inches at the ground line.
Parts of the walls are seven feet nine
inches at the bottom, tapered to five feet
four inches ; and yet other portions ten
feet and eleven inches at the bottom, and
eight feet six inches at the top or natural
surface of the ground. The stones in all
the foundation are large ; not a siDgle one
is put in place by hand — they are all
moved by steam derricks. One of these
machines will take a stone of many tons
weight, lift it from the ground, swing it
to its place on the wall, and lay it down
as easy and gently as a child would take
a peach from the floor and lay it on a table.
The, foundation was commenced by lay
ing the first stone June 11, 1868, and fin
ished in August, 1869. This includes the
foundation for the Dome, and the outer
walls.around the entire building, 266 by
359 feet, with all the buttresses on the out
side, and the inside walls and piers. The
superstructure to rise on these walls is to
be of heavy stone, with brick backing. To
the top of thej First Story, which is
twenty-five feet above the ground line,
they are five feet thick. All the walls
are now completed to that height. Viewed
from all sides now, it begins to disclose
its vast proportions.
From the top of the basement story to
the cornice, sixty feet, the walls are to
be four feet thick. The brick backing
is so constructed as to make them hollow,
for the purpose of keeping the interior
dry. W. D. Clark is the assistant superin
tendent, under the architects. He has
done the civil engineering also, having
set every stake and laid every line.

A great outcry has been made by somd
parties that the work was defective.
Those who make such charges are either
ignorant of what they say or write, or
they have some less worthy object in view
than to subserve the interests of the State.
To those who know Mr. Clark, such a
charge seems utterly absurd. They would
be no more surprised to hear that he h»d
put his hand in the Are without an ob
ject, than to learn that he had permitted
a piece of defective material or workman
ship to enter into the construction of the
edifice. The entire outer surface of the build
ing, below the Mansard, will be planed
Illinois limestone. It is taken from the
quarries near Joliet. By a law, enacted
in 1869, the work of preparing the stone
is confined to the convicts in the State
penitentiary. The contractors have, at
all times, promptly discharged their ob
ligations.EPITOME OF THE LEGISLATION FOR THE
NEW STATE HOUSE.
The laws of February 25 and 27, 1867,
to provide for the erection of a new State
House, appropriated $450,000 to begin
the work; declared that the total cost
should not exceed $3,000,000 ; named
seven commissioners and one secretary to
carry out the law ; limited the amount of
expenditures and liabilities they should
incur within the amount appropriated ;
and delared that everything in excess of
that should be deemed unlawful.
Laws of March 11 and 27, 1869, legis
lated the seven commissioners and secre
tary out of office ; provided for the ap
pointment of three commissioners, by the
Governor ; ordered that all stone, iron
and labor for the new State House that
could be procured at the penitentiary, at
Joliet, should be obtained there, and at
no other place ; required the new com
missioners to have a full copy of plans,
specifications and estimates, made in de
tail ; and when completed, to notify the
committees of the Senate and House of

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANTJFAOTUBING.

25

Representatives on public buildings and
State library. And said committee were
instructed to hold a joint session, to ex
amine the plans, specifications and esti
mates ; and in the event of their being
satisfied that the building could be com
pleted within the limit of $3,000,000, in
addition to what had already been ex
pended, they were to order the commis-
sioiiers to proceed ; appropriated $650,-
000, to be used in carrying forward the
work on the new State House, but pro
hibited the use of it until the above eon-
ditions were complied with.
Under the law of March 11, 1869, Go
vernor Palmer appointed Jacob Bunn,
James C. Robinson and James H. Beve-
ridge, as commissioners to continue the
work of constructing the new State
House. The board organized April 12,
1869, by electing Jacob Bunn, president,
and James H. Beveridge, secretary. The
commissioners at once caused detailed
plans, specifications and estimates for
continuing the work on the new State
House, to be prepared by the superin
tending architects. They notified the
committees of the Senate and House of
Representatives, and a joint session was
held in the Senate Chamber at Spring
field, April 27, 1869, and a copy of the
plans and specifications was laid before
them. At a meeting of the committees,
on the 12th of May, it was
" Resolved, That the State House com
missioners be and they hereby are au
thorized to complete the foundation of
the new State House under existing con
tracts, and to expend the balance of the
appropriation first made, or as much
thereof as may be necessary for the pur
pose." The work was commenced immediately,
and the foundation completed early in
August, as previously stated.
The total estimates of the superintend
ing architects, submitted with plans and
specifications, amounted to $2,650,885.
The joint committee deeming it advisa

ble to have the opinions of parties who
were not interested, called to their as
sistance Augustus Bauer and Asher Car
ter, architects, and W. C. Deakman, mas
ter builder, all of Chicago, and had them
make an estimate in detail, according to
the same plans and specifications, and
their estimate was $2,737,940 86 — no
greater difference in proportion than two
builders would make on almost any piece
of work.
The joint committee did not complete
their investigations until August 26,
1869. They then ordered the commis
sioners to go forward with the work ac
cording to the plans and specifications,
with certain alterations recommended by
the superintending architects and master
builder. They publicly expressed the
belief that it could be finished within
the $3,000,000, and that " when comple
ted it would be a beautiful,, convenient
and permanent structure, worthy of the
State." Thus the best part of another season
passed away with such hindrances as
prevented the commissioners from prose
cuting the work as energetically as they
desired to do.
The Convention called by the people
of Illinois, for the purpose of framing a
new Constitution for the State, recog
nized the facts that the Capitol had been
permanently located at Springfield by
legal authority, and that a positive law
required the work of all State officers
and all legislative enactments to be done
at Springfield, as the Capital ; and that
laws had been passed by two previous
legislatures, making large appropriations
of money for building a new edifice in
which to transact the business of the
State ; and that a design had been adop
ted on a scale of grandeur and magnifi
cence in proportion to its weatlh and in
fluence, deemed it wise to insert a clause
in the new Constitution to guard against
abuses too often practiced in connection
with works erected at public expense,

26 SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND
The Constitutional Convention, there- senting votes. In the House of Repre-
fore, inserted under the miscellaneous sentatives it was read a first and second
head, the following : time, and ordered to a third reading, but
Section 33. The General Assembly was not reached in the regular order of
shall not appropriate out of the State business, when the Legislature adjourned
treasury, or expend on account of the temporarily, on the 17th of April.
new Capitol grounds, and construction, The sessions of the General Assembly
completion and furnishing of the State being biennial, each alternate year brings,
House, a sum exceeding, in the aggre- to a large extent, a new class of men to-
gate, three and a half millions of dollars, gether in the legislative halls. The pub-
inclusive of all appropriations heretofore lie has been so accustomed to hear of
made, without first submitting the pro- fraud in connection with buildings of
position for an additional expenditure to this kind, that men coming for the first
the legal voters of the State, at a general time, and looking upon the collossal pro-
election, nor unless a majority of all the portions of this edifice, take it for grant-
votes cast at such election shall be for ed that there must be jobs and pecula-
the proposed additional expenditure." tions, and without investigating the sub-
With this provision in the new Con- Ject> there are always some who are ready
stitution, it was submitted to the people to cry out> Rin2s ! RinSs ! Steals ! Steals '
July 2, 1870, and adopted by an over- By these device3> one of the tw° years
whelming majority. connected with each Legislature has been
„ " .. .-,,„_,„»„ frittered away from the commencement,
The appropriation of Feb. 25, 1867, , , ,. , , ,, . , ,. ,
*.. „ „„ , , , -,, , ,-, ,„„« and this order of things seems destined
was $450,000, and that of March 11, 1869, . , . _ *
. , , , , *.. ., „„ „™ to continue. From this cause the year
$650,000, making a total of $1,100,000. 1Q.„ „. .... . .oao J .
v ' ' 6 1867 was one of inactivity ; m 1868 work
The expenditures have been as follows: was done . 1869 was one of jdleneas . 1870
From beginning to Dec. 30,1868. 83M,12612 WOrk, and 1871 is likely to be one of
From Dec. 30, 1868, to March 11, 1869  16,657 07 ' J
 idleness also.
Total expenditures by first board of . .
seven commissioners  $370,78319 The commissioners, Jacob Bunn,James
The board of three commissioners ap- O. Robinson and James H. Beveridge,
pointed by Governor Palmer, under the have passed through two years of inves-
law of March 11, 1869, have carried the tigation out of the four since the work
work forward, and their expenditures — commenced ; and in each instance have
To Nov. 30, 1869, was  $156,876 7« emerged from the ordeal without the
From Nov. 30, 1869, to Nov. 30, 1870  277,84313 srnPll of fire nnon their n-armpnti! Shnnlrl
Prom Nov. SO, 1870, to Feb. 1,1871  77.918 79 smeii oi nre upon meir garments, snouid
^ •¦¦ the present year prove to be one of inac-
Total to Feb. 1, 1871  $883,12187 r .,J . ,. - A, .
From Feb. i to April 14, 1871  53,096 si tivity, it will be no fault of theirs ; and
Due for Iron on t£e way from Belgium. . 12,896 80 their wk3 &re ^ Qnly vindicati(Jn
Total   8949,11408 tney. need, concerning which they take
There is due on existing contracts, for pleasure in giving all the information in
materials and for work, enough to bring their power.
the total expenditure up to about $1,000,- The following quotation from the law,
000, leaving about $100,000 of the ap- which has been strictly complied with in
propriation of 1869 unexpended. every particul ar, is a sufficient refutation,
Early in the session of the General As- in the estimation of all honest men, of
sembly, which convened Jan. 4, 1871, a the ridiculous charge that Mr. Bunn is
bill was introduced in the Senate, ap- using the money appropriated for build-
propriating $600,000 to carry on the ing the State House, in his banking
work of the new State House. It passed business :
that body by a very small number of dis- " The accounts of the expenditures of

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANTJFAOTTJEING.

27

said commissioners shall be certified by
said commissioners, or a majority of
them, and ly the Secretary of State, and
approved ly the Governor. The Auditor
shall thereupon draw his warrant upon
the Treasurer therefor, to be paid out of
the fund herein before provided, in favor
of the party to whom the accounts shall he
due." It will thus be seen that Mr. Bunn,
like all other citizens, cannot receive a
dollar of the State House money, except
for services rendered or materials fur
nished, and then only when his bill is
allowed by his associates in office, certi
fied by the Secretary of State and ap
proved by the Governor.
It will not be considered exaggeration
by any man who has honestly endeavored
to obtain correct information on the sub
ject, for me to say that the work on the
new State House has been as well done,
and the duties of all connected with it
as faithfully discharged, as they have
been with any similar undertaking on
the American continent.
It will be such a magnificent structure
and so well adapted to the uses for which
it is designed, that the people can afford
to be patient. The work is now about
one-third done, and if this should prove

to be the last year of idleness, it may yet
be completed in time to use it in cele
brating the first centennial of American
Independence. It will be well worthy
of such a christening.
Farmers, mechanics and other laboring
men — you who do not often leave your
homes for a gala day— you will all want
to visit the Capitol, at the dedication of
the monument to the memory of Abra
ham Lincoln, for which will take place
some time during the coming autumn. It
will not be possible for all to come, but
those who do, should give themselves
time to examine the work on the new
State House also ; then you will under
stand the cupidity of those who are en
deavoring to have its massive walls torn
down and carted over the State, in order
to fill their own pockets at your expense.
ljJt PROCLAMATION BY THE GOVERNOR.
Since the above was written, Governor
Palmer has issued a proclamation, con
vening the Legislature on the 24th of
this month — May. In that proclamation
he enumerates thirteen subjects requiring
immediate action on the part of the Gen
eral Assembly. An appropriation for
continuing the work on the, new State
House is one of the subjects named.

28

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

EARLY HISTORY OF RAILROAD LEGISLATION IN ILLINOIS.

Illinois appears to have been destined
to become a great railroad State, from
the time they were introduced into the
country. Her law-makers did not wait
for them to come by connecting links,
from the Atlantic coast, but moved in
the matter independent of the States be
tween her and the eastern seaboard.
As early as 1833 the subject of build
ing railroads was introduced into the
General Assembly, but no laws were
enacted at that time. The first move
was a bold one, when we consider the
limited amount of capital in the country
and that the resources of the State were
almost entirely undeveloped. It was :
An act to incorporate the Chicago and
Vincennes Railroad Company, with an
authorized capital of $3,000,000. It was
approved January 17, 1835. Charters
were granted in something like the fol
lowing order :
An act to incorporate the Jacksonville
and Meredosia Railroad Company, capi
tal stock $100,000, with a clause permit
ting the directors to double the amount,
also to build a lateral road to Naples,
was approved by the Governor, Feb. 5,
1835. An act to incorporate the Belleville
and Mississippi Railroad Company, with
an authorized capital of $200,000, was
approved Dec. 28, 1835.
The Winchester, Lynnville and Jack
sonville Railroad Company was chartered
with an authorized capital of $300,000,
Jan. 8, 1836.
An act to incorporate the Pekin and
Tremont Railroad Company, with an
authorizedjjcapital of $150,000, was ap
proved Jan. 13, 1836.
The Warsaw, Peoria and Wabash Rail

road Company, with a capital of $150,-
000, was chartered Jan. 14, 1836.
The Wabash and Mississippi Railroad
Company, with an authorized capital of
$3,000,000, and the privilege of increas
ing the amount to $5,000,000, was char
tered Jan. 15, 1336.
Separate bills, incorporating eight
railroad companies, under the following
titles, were approved Jan. 16, 1836 :
1. Pekin, Bloomington and Wabash
Railroad Company. Capital, $500,000.
2. Mississippi, Springfield and Carrol-
ton Railroad Company. Capital, $800,-
000, with authority to increase it indefi
nitely. 3. Alton, Wabash and Erie Railroad
Company. Capital, $2,000,000.
4. Central Wabash Railroad Company.
Capital, $50,000.
5. Galena and Chicago Union Railroad
Company. Capital, $100,000.
6. Mount Carmel and Alton Railroad
Company. Capital, $1,000,000.
7. Waverly and Grand Prairie Rail
road Company. Capital, $500,000.
8. Rushville Railroad Company. Cap
ital, $150,000.
After a respite of two days, bills were
passed and approved, on the 18th of the
month, chartering four more companies :
1. The Alton and Shawneetown Rail
road Company. Capital, $500,000, with
authority to increase it to $1,500,000.
2. The Shawneetown and Alton Rail
road Company. Capital, $1,000,000, with
authority to increase indefinitely.
3. Wabash and Mississippi Railroad
Company. Capital, $400,000.
4. Illinois Central Railroad Company.
Capital, $2,500,000.
I presume the object in granting char-

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANTJFAOTrjEINCI,

29

ters to two companies between Alton and
Shawneetown was, that one might begin
at each end and work until they met,
similar to the Central Pacific and Union
Pacifis. The Caledonia Railroad Company,
with an authorized capital of $300,000,
was chartered Jan. 21, 1836.
Each and every company were author
ized to lay either single or double tracks,
and to propel their cars by steam, ani
mals or any mechanical power. On
some of the roads the rate of toll was
fixed, and provisions made for all per
sons to run their own vehicles, under
regulations similar to those for boating
on canals. CANALS.
Canals received the attention of the
law-makers also. An act was passed and
approved Feb. 10, 1835, authorizing the
State to construct the Illinois and Mich
igan Canal, in which the Governor was
authorized and directed to negotiate
a loan of $500,000, to commence the
work. January 9, 1836, the foregoing law was
repealed, and with some alterations was
re-enacted. That, with the amendments
subsequently added, was the authority
under which the canal was built.
About this time laws were enacted for
building half a dozen other canals, but
no work was ever done on them.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT ACT.
The railroad laws of 1835 and '36 were
never of more value than so much waste
paper, for there, was never a mile of road
built under their authority ; but from
subsequent events it would appear that
the people were only practicing in order
to learn how to make laws. The most
remarkable act ever passed by a legisla
tive body in the State, was approved
Feb. 27, 1837. It was entitled "An act
to establish and maintain a general sys
tem of internal improvements." Two
supplementary acts were approved March
4, 1837. The three acts are comprised in
5—

sixty-three sections, and fill thirty-two
octavo pages. The object was to con
struct public improvements, in all parts
of the State, at the expense of the State.
A board of three Fund Commissioners
was created, to manage tho finances ;
also, a Board of Public Works, consist
ing of seven commissioners. The latter
board was authorized to employ engi
neers, who were to lay out and superin
tend all public works. Tho board was
authorized and required to adopt such
measures as might be necessary to con
struct and complete within a reasonable
length of time the following works.
The amount of money named in connec
tion with each one, was appropriated
from the State treasury to defray the
expense :
1. The improvement of the navigation
of the Great Wabash River, $100,000 ;
provided a similar amount was expended
for the same purpose, by the State of
Indiana. 2. The improvement of the navigation
of the Illinois River, $100,000.
3. The improvement of the navigation
of Rock River, $100,000.
4. The improvement of the navigation
of the Kaskaskia River, $50,000.
5. The improvement of the navigation
of the Little Wabash River, $50,000.
6. For the Western Mail Route, from
Vincennes to Saint Louis, $250,000.
RAILROADS AGAIN.
7. A railroad from Cairo to some point
near the southern termination of the Illi
nois and Michigan Canal, thence to
Galena, $3,500,000.
8. A Southern Cross Railroad, from
Alton to Mount Carmel ; also a railroad
from Alton to Shawneetown, $1,600,000.
9. A Northern Cross Railroad from
Quincy, on the Missisippi river, to the
Indiana State line, Oy the way of Mount
Sterling, Meredosia, Jacksonville, Spring
field, Decatur and Danville, thence to
the State line, in the direction of Lafay
ette, Indiana, $1,800,000.

30

10. A branch of the Central Railroad
from Hillsboro, by the way of Shelby-
ville, in the direction of Terre Haute, In
diana, $650,000. Provision was made
for the Alton, Wabash and Erie road,
chartered the year before, to connect
with this road.
11. A railroad from Peoria to Warsaw,
on the Mississippi river, by the way of
Canton, Macomb and Carthage, $700,000.
12. A railroad from Lower Alton, via
Upper Alton and Hillsboro, to the Cen
tral Railroad, $600,000.
13. A railroad from Belleville, via
Lebanon, to intersect the railroad from
Alton to Mount Carmel, at the nearest
eligible point, $150,000.
14. A railroad from Bloomington to
Mackinaw town, there to fork, one line
to touch the Illinois river at Pekin, the
other at Peoria, $350,000.
15. In order to reconcile the represent
atives from those counties, that were not
touched by any of the works included in
this system, an appropriation was made
to be equally divided among those coun
ties according to population. The mon
ey was to be expended in building
bridges, constructing roads and other
improvements, $200,000.
Provision was made in the law for
work to begin at both ends of all im
portant roads, and at all the large towns;
and to commence at both sides of all
large streams that were crossed, and
work both ways. This was done to keep
all parties in the "ring" satisfied.
The Fund Commissioners were in
structed to negotiate loans, to the amount.
of $8,000,000, for which they were to
issue Certificates of Internal Improve
ment stock.
PRIVATE RAILROAD LAWS OP 1837.
After looking at the work laid out, to
be done under the infernal improvement
laws, and the appropriation of money
from the public treasury, to satisfy
those who were living in counties not
provided for, it seems incredible that at

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND
the same session there should have beeii
parties who were still so anxious for
railroad laws, that they besieged the leg
islature for private acts on the subject.
The following are the titles under which
some of the charters were granted :
Jacksonville and Naples Railroad
Company, with authorized capital stock
of $200,000; approved Feb. 18, 1837.
Canton and Utica Railroad Company,
capital stock, $50,000, with authority to
increase to $100,000 ; approved Feb. 24,
1837. Mississippi and Illinois Railroad Com
pany, capital stock, $700,000 ; approved
Feb. 24, 1837.
Carrolton and Bluffton Railroad Com
pany, with an authorized capital of $150,-
000, and permission to increase it to
$200,000 ; approved Feb. 27, 1837.
Shohokon and Rushville Railroad
Company, capital, $200,000, with privi
lege to increase indefinitely ; approved
Feb. 28, 1837.
The Danville and Covington Railroad
Company, capital $100,000 ; was approved
March 1, 1837.
Liverpool, Canton and Knoxville Rail
road Company ; was approved March 1,
1837. Edwardsville and Chippewa Railroad
Company, capital $50,000, with privilege
of increasing to $100,000 ; was approved
March 1, 1837.
Pittsfield and Mississippi Railroad
Company, capital $600,000 ; was approved
March 1, 1837.
Liberty and Pinckneyville Railroad
Company, capital $150,000 ; was approved
March 1, 1837.
Kaskaskia Railroad Company, capital
500 shares ; was approved March 1, 1837.
Lewiston and Liverpool Railroad Com
pany, capital $300,000; was approved
' March 2, 1837.
Manchester and Bridgeport Railroad
Company, capital $100,000 ; was approved
March 2, 1837.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTTJEING.

31

Canton and Piketon Railroad Compa
ny, capital $250,000 ; approved March 3,
1837 ; re-chartered Feb. 26, 1839.
Jonesboro and Mississippi Railroad
Company, capital $50,000 ; approved,
March 3, 1837.
Galena Railroad Company, capital
$500,000, with authority to increase it to
$1,000,000 ; approved March 3, 1837.
Tamaroa and Mississippi Railroad Com
pany, capital $200,000 ; was approved
March 3, 1837.
Wabash and Indiana Railroad Compa
ny, capital $1,000,000 ; was approved
March 4, 1837.
Chester, Nashville and Pinckneyville
Railroad Company, capital $300,000 ;
was approved March 4, 1837.
Springfield and Beardstown Railroad
Company, capital $200,000 ; was approved
March 4, 1837.
Webster, Ottawa and Kishwakee Rail
road Company, capital $500,000, with au
thority to increase it to $1,000,000 ; was
approved March 4, 1837.
Chicago and Michigan Railroad Com
pany, capital $1,000,000.
NET RESULTS OF TWO YEARS' LEGISLATION.
Western farmers are accustomed to such
enormous crops that they soon become
careless, and leave as much in harvesting,
sometimes, as would be thought a fair
crop in other parts of the country. In
collecting the information with reference
to the early legislation in Illinois for rail
roads and other internal improvements,
I have endeavored to be more careful than
the farmers ; but where legislative bodies
have yielded such luxuriant crops, I may
have overlooked some of the laws. The
net result, so far as my investigation goes,
is something like the following :
The capital authorized to joint stock
companies by the Legislature of Illinois,
from January 17, 1835, to February 27,
1837, was $12,450,000, chiefly to railroad
companies. The internal improvement act of Feb
ruary 27, 1837, appropriated $10,200,000

directly from the State treasury. More
than nine millions of this sum was for
railroads. At the same session private laws were
enacted, chartering joint stock companies
with authorized capital stock, to the,
amount of nearly $8,000,000, making an
aggregate of about $30,000,000, involved
in efforts to legislate railroads into exist
ence in the State of Illinois before their
time. The $20,000,000 of authorized
stock to corporations, resulted in but lit
tle loss to the State or the people, as few
of the companies ever organized, and
those that did generally fell still born.
The greatest loss from this source was the
useless mass of legislation.
This gigantic system of internal im
provements was inaugurated when the
county was but, sparsely settled, and be
fore it was in a condition to export any
thing that would command money. The
people imagined themselves rich, because
the whole United States, east, west, north
and south, was flooded with irredeemable
paper money. It was thought there would
be no difficulty in negotiating loans to
carry forward the public works.
It has been suggested that the only
reason why the General Assembly of Illi
nois did not, at that time, build an In
sane Asylum, and resolve that its mem
bers should become inmates of it, was be
cause it was not believed there were
enough sane men belonging to their hon
orable body to run the new institution.
Soon after the law was enacted, certi
ficates of internal improvement stock
were readily taken, contracts let, and
work commenced at various points, in all
parts of the State. Millions of dollars
were squandered in this way before the
autumn of 1837, when the great financial
crash, which commenced in the eastern
cities, swept over the whole United States,
and the internal improvement system of
Illinois went down, leaving the State in
what was thought, at the time, to be
hopeless bankruptcy.

32

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

FIRST LOCOMOTIVE IN ILLINOIS.

Among the first lines upon which work
was commenced under the internal im
provement system, was the Northern
Cross Railroad. The first ground was
broken between Jacksonville and Mere-
dosia, on what was called Wolf Run. It
was about six miles east of the Illinois
River. This was early in the spring of
1837. James Dunlap, now of Jackson
ville, and T. T. January, of St. Louis,
were the contractors. In the spring of
1838 the first locomotive engine ever
brought to the State came up the Illinois
River on a steamboat, and was landed at
Meredosia. It was used for running con
struction trains from that time forward.
This engine was built by Rogers, Ketchum
and Grosvenor, of Patterson, New Jersey,
and was called the "Superior." The road
was so far advanced that the locomotive
run into Jacksonville in the latter part
of 1838 or early in 1839.
The work on the Northern Cross Rail
road struggled along, after the internal
improvement system had ceased in nearly
every other part of the State. After it
was put in ruoning order from Meredosia
to Jacksonville, some work was done be
tween the latter place and Springfield,
but for a year or two it moved slowly.
In some way the canal fund became in
debted to the internal improvement fund.
On the 26th day of February, 1841, an
act of the General Assembly was approv
ed, providing for the completion of the
Northern Cross Railroad from Springfield
to Jacksonville. To liquidate the indebt
edness of the canal fund to the internal
improvement fund, $100,000 of canal
bonds were appropriated to defray the
expense of completing that part of the
road. The Fund Commissioner was au
thorized and instructed to enter into con
tracts for the work, to be paid for with
the canal bonds, and to be completed in
one year. On the day following — Feb
ruary 27, 1841— a law was enacted re
quiring the Fund Commissioner to adver

tise for proposals to do the work. He
was, by the same law, directed to take
charge of all the work between Spring
field and the Illinois River.
FIRST LOCOMOTIVE IN SPRINGFIELD,
Before the road was completed to
Springfield, another locomotive was
brought on, from the works of M. W.
Baldwin, of Philadelphia. It was called
the "Illinois." The track was so far com
pleted that on the 15th of February, 1842,
it entered Springfield, being the first one
to arrive in the city. I had considerable
difficulty to settle this point, but my au
thority is Mr. George Gregory, now a
wealthy farmer, liviDg about five miles
west of the city, and Mr. T. M. Averitt
whose home is on Jefferson street, near
Eleventh. Mr. Gregory was the engineer,
and Mr. Averitt the fireman. After con
ferring with each other they agree that it
was in February, 1842— but Mr. Gregory is
not sure of the exact day ; Mr. Averitt re
members distinctly that it was the 15th,
The track was laid along Tenth street to
the crossing of Adams. The last half or
three-fourths of a mile of the track was
only the wooden stringers, the iron not
yet having been spiked on. The news
papers were not very enterprising, with
reference to the latest news, especially
when we consider Jhow wild they were
on the subject of railroads only two or
threG years before.
Ten days after the event, February 25,
I find in the Sangamo Journal : "The rail
road is so far finished that the locomotive
occasionally runs upon it, and has drawn
at least one heavy load of produce to tho
river. Under the circumstances of the
times, the contractors, Messrs. Duff, Cal
houn & Co., have done well to complete
it thus early. We anticipate that much
business will be done on this road in the
spring." Again, from the Journal of March 11 :
"Northern Cross Railroad. — We
have neglected to notice that the railroad
from this place to Meredosia, on the Illi-

ITS ADVANTAGES EOE MANUFAOTTJEING.

33

nois River, has been completed for a cou
ple of weeks so far as to permit the pas
sage of trains of ears through the whole
lino. The locomotive has now commenced
trips between this city and the Illinois
River ; and, for the present, we under
stand it is arranged that the locomotive
will leave this city every Monday, Wed
nesday and Friday, and Meredosia every
Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. We
'also learn that the steamer "Mungo Park"
will run regularly between Meredosia and
St, Louis, going and returning three
times a week, so as to connect regularly
with the train of cars. This arrangement
will be of immense utility to our citizens
and the traveling community, and will
furnish the easy means of conveying to
market the produce of a large and most
productive region of country."
March 18, 1842, the Journal says : "On
Saturday last, March 11, the cars ran from
Jacksonville, 333^ miles, in two hours
and eight minutes, including stoppages.
It is believed the distance can be passed
over in one hour and a half. Trips con
tinue to be made three times per week."
March 25 we find in the Journal :
"Pleasure Trip. — On Monday, March
21, a large party left this city for Jack
sonville, filling two passenger cars and
another fitted up temporarily for the
band of music. They speak in high
¦ terms of the hospitality and kindness of
the citizens of Jacksonville, of the party
there, and the pleasure of the trip."
In that paper, of the same date, we
find : "During the few days the Spring
field and Meredosia Railroad has been in
operation, and before the public generally
were aware of the running of the cars,
the receipts from passengers alone have
amounted to about seven hundred dol
lars." This road was all made by laying long
pieces of timber lengthwise with the
track — cross pieces were placed six or
eight feet apart, to keep the stringers
from spreading — flat iron rails were

spiked on to the pieces of timber, and
then it was ready to receive the locomo-
motive and cars.
After running awhile the engines need
ed repairing, and the track became un
even, so that the cars ceased to be run by
steam. The road was then leased, and
mule teams took the place of the locomo
tives. After becoming so dilapidated
that it was a public nuisance, a law was
enacted authorizing the sale of the en
tire road. The sale was effected for a
mere trifle, with the stipulation that the
parties coming in possession of it should
put it in running order, for the accommo
dation of the public. This was some
thing like the manner in which the inter
nal improvement system of Illinois was
closed out, after having started with
$10,000,000, appropriated from the State
treasury. There are men who assert that
the disasters were all occasioned by a
misnomer, that might have been avoided
by erasing the letter t and inserting the
letter/, in the first part of the name. Had
that been done, the true character of the
enterprise would have been understood
and the danger averted. But Illinois has
profited by instruction, obtained through
disaster, and has, for many years, been
marching with rapid strides on the true
road to greatness.
After the Northern Cross Railroad pas
sed out of the hands of the State, other
changes followed, until it became a part
of the
TOLEDO, WABASH AND WESTERN RAILWAY.
This road runs the entire distance
across the State, from east to west, and
touches all the principal points mentioned
in the act incorporating the Northern
Cross road.
The Toledo, Wabash and Western is
one of the most important roads in the
country — being the shortest route from
the Atlantic seaboard to Northern Mis
souri and Kansas. The whole line, with
its branches, comprises 814 miles.

34 SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND
Miles. Springfield. They, with their families,
TheMainLinels .......... .476 makfi between twelve and fifteen hun-
St. Lotus Division (from Decatur to St. Louis)... 106
KeokukBranch  43 dred of the population.
Hannibal Branch  50 The monthly pay roll averages some-
Peldn Branch (from Decatur to Pekin*  05 ,, . ,, a.nn nr\n  „  „n,
Pittsfleld Branch  '.  6 thing more than $20,000 per month, or a
Moberly Branch (in Missouri)  68 total of $250,000 per annum. The pas-
Total "^ senger earnings at this station for 1870,
Of these 814 miles there are in Illinois were $8°>O0°; freiSbt $72'000' maki^
the total receipts $152,000. This shows
Miles. .
Main Line  226 tQat tne money paid out by the company
St. Louis Branch  106 in Springfield is about $100,000 above
PekinBranch  65 the receipts annually.
Keokuk Branch.  43 r
Hannibal Branch  50 J. H. Fancher is the accountant at the
Pittefleld Branch   6 machine shops, and T. G. Gorman, mas-
Total in Illinois.,  496 tcr mechanic.
The Illinois Division comprises all West Col. R. Andrews, Superintendent' of
of Danville, except the St. Louis Branch, the Illinois Division, resides in Spring-
which is a division by itself. field, and has his office in the new depot
The Toledo, Wabash and Western is building.
not only the oldest road in the State, but Other officers and employees in the
is a very important one to Springfield. same building are : K. H. Wade, master
The company has, for several years, kept of transportation ; D. G. Moore, chief
repair shops here, and in 1869 erected clerk 5 T- L- Dunn> resident engineer;
new buildings for their rapidly increas- A- M. Gregory, stock and fuel agent; E.
ing machine works, at a cost of about H. Ives, ticket agent ; E. Dresser and J.
$75 000 *-• Patterson, train despatchers.
There are. sixty-two locomotives be- CHICAGOi alton and st. louis railroad.
longing to the Illinois Division, and all
, , . . , ... , r. All efforts to connect Springfield and
are kept in repair at this place. Occa- r °
„ ,, . , . . Alton, by railroad, either by private
sionally the repairs are such as to be ' J ' J *
about equal to building a new engine. charter or ucder the lnternal lmProve-
The new stock carried at these shops meDt laws> havinS been abandoned, a
i * ann r\nn co-mpany was incorporated Feb. 27, 1847,
averages about $40,000. c J r • > i
_, . ,, , .,-,¦ „„„„  „f TQ^-r, and called the Alton and Sangamon
During the building season ol 1870, °
,, , -, . o • „» u . Railroad Companv. The charter was
the company erected m Springfield a very l J
fine and substantial passenger depot,with amended b? an aot of the General As-
accommodations for all the offices be- semb^' Jan' 29' 185L lt was aSain
, ,, T,,. - t-.. . . mi ¦ amended so as to extend it to Bloominer-
longmg to the Illinois Division. This . s
i -7j- t &qb nnn „„^i +v,„ a.„;„i^ ton> Feb. H> 1851, with an additional
building cost $36,000, and the freight ' ',,'„_,
l £> nnn mi -ii, tx \ ¦ amendment, Feb. 17, 1851.
depot $8,000. These, with the machine ' '
shops, make the total cost of buildings By an act of the General Assembly,
belonging to the company at this place June 19> 1853> the name was changed to
about $120,000. There are about one the Chicago and Mississippi Railroad
hundred and eighty men employed in Company. The work was then being
the shops, thirty track men, and about prosecuted vigorously, and on the 9th of
one hundred train men, including con- September, 1852, the first locomotive
ductors, engineers and firemen, making came through from Alton to Springfield.
over three hundred of the employees of From the Springfield Journal of Mon-
the company who have their homes in day, Oct. 10, 1852, 1 learn that an enter-

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTURING.

35

tainment was given in Springfield by the
railroad company, to a party of excur
sionists from St. Louis and Alton. The
steamboat Cornelia left St. Louis with
the excursionists at six o'clock on tho
morning of Thursday, Oct. 6th, and ar
rived at Springfield at two o'clock, p. m.,
where a sumptuous dinner awaited them,
in a building erected for a machine shop.
The road was built chiefly through the
exertions of the late Benjamin Godfrey,
of Alton, who was introduced by the
Hon. Virgil Hickox, now the General
Agent of the road at this place. After a
brief address from Mr. Godfrey, and
speeches from some others of the party,
and the dinner had been partaken of by
all, the train moved away with its four
hundred passengers on the return trip,
and by nine o'clock that evening the ex
cursionists were in their homes. This
was an important event in the history of
Springfield, as it opened direct commu
nication with St. Louis and the South.
By an act of the Legislature, Feb. 11,
1853, the capital stock of the company
was increased ; and the charter amended
Feb. 28, 1854.
On the 18th of October, 1853, the road
was completed to Normal, forming a
junction with the Illinois Central, by
which passengers could go to LaSalle,
and from there to Chicago by the Chica
go and Rock Island road. This opened
up the first communication by railroad
from New York city to the Mississippi
river. On the 4th of August, 1854, the
present Chicago and Alton road was
completed to Joliet.
Feb. 14, 1855, by an act of the General
Assembly, the name of the company was
changed to Chicago, Alton and St. Louis,
and by the 21st of Jan., 1857, the com
pany concluded to run the other way,
and another act of the Legislature
changed the name to St. Louis, Alton
and Chicago Railroad Company.
Feb. 4, 1859, a charter was granted for
the Alton and St. Louis Railroad Com
pany. Previous to that time the com

munication between Alton and St. Louis
was by steamers, on the Mississippi river .
Feb. 19, 1859, the name was changed
from St. Louis, Alton and Chicago to
Alton, Chicago and St. Louis. Feb. 18,
1861, changed to Chicago and Alton.
After this, the Chicago and Alton and
Alton and St. Louis roads were consoli
dated, forming the Chicago and St. Louis
Railroad Company. Hon. Virgil Hickox,
of this city, is the General Agent of the
company. From 1854 Springfield has had direct
communication, by railroad, east, west,
north and south, and by connections with
other roads has had communication with
all parts of the country. Nothing more
was done for the city in the way of rail
roads until after the close of the great
rebellion.SPRINGFIELD AND ILLINOIS SOUTHEASTERN
RAILWAY COMPANY.
A charter was granted for the Spring
field and Pana Railroad Company, Feb.
16, 1857. The road was never built un
der that charter, but exactly eight years
after, Feb. 16, 1865, another charter was
granted, to cover the same ground and
extend farther, under the title of the
Pana, Springfield and Northwestern Rail
road Company. Forty miles of this road
— from Springfield to Pana — was comple
ted and open for business in March, 1870.
During tho summer of 1870 it was put
under contract to Beardstown, with the
intention of extending' it to Keokuk,
Iowa. Tho work on this part of the road
is completed, and the cars running to
Virginia, in Cass county — thirty two
miles northwest of Springfield.
By an act of the General Assembly,
approved March 5, 1867, a charter was
granted for the Illinois and Southeastern
Railway Company. This extends south
east from Pana to Edgewood, and in
cludes the road already in running order
from Edgewood to Shawneetown. Tho
short link between Pana and Edgewood
will be completed during the present
season ; then the line of road in running

36

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

order will be two hundred and twenty-
five miles long, from Shawneetown, on
the Ohio, to Beardstown, on the Illinois
River. This line of road opens up to Spring
field the finest body of timber land in
the Western States. Forty miles of it,
in the southeastern part of the State,
runs through a dense forest of several
species of the oak, hickory, sweet gum,
black walnut, and other varieties of tim
ber suitable for the manufacture of agri
cultural implements,cabinet furniture,etc.
An idea of its importance to Spring
field may be formed, from the fact that
the Springfield and Illinois Southeastern
Railway Company have contracts already
for supplying plow manufacturers in Mo-
line with timber from these forests.
The officers of the company are : Thos.
S. Ridgway, of Shawneetown, President ;
Charles A. Beecher, of Fairfield, Vice-
President ; George N. Black, of Spring
field, Secretary ; E. C. Dawes, Treasurer ;
Orland Smith, of Springfield, General
Superintendent ; Geo. W. Norris, Super
intendent Southern Division ; John Fog-
gitt, General Freight Agent ; Louis B.
Smith, Auditor. Springfield is the head
quarters of the company.
TKE GILMAN, CLINTON AND SPRINGFIELD
RAILROAD COMPANY
Was incorporated by an act of the
General Assembly, March 4, 1867. An
organization was effected at Clinton,
April 21, 1869. Grading was commenced
near Clinton, July 4th, 1870, and from
that time until the close of tho working
season, from fifteen to eighteen hundred
men were employed along the line. Track
laying was commenced at Gilman, Fell.
19, 1871, and it is expected that the on-
tire line, 110 miles in length, will be
completed and running by the 4th of
July. This will 02ien up some of the
finest agricultural country in the State —
which has not heretofore been reached
by railroads — and furnish a new ronte to
Chicago, almost or quite as short as that
by the Chicago and St. Louis railroad.

¦ The principal office of this company is
at Springfield, and the officers are : S. H.
Melvin, of Springfield, President; Wil
liam Fuller, of Clinton, Vice-President ;
John Warner, of Clinton, Treasurer ; and
Henry Crosley, of Clinton, Secretary.
SPRINGFIELD AND ST. LOUIS RAILROAD
COMPANY
Was organized under the general rail
road law of the State, August 4, 1870,
with a capital stock of $800,000.
The object of this organization is to
secure to Springfield a competing line to
St. Louis, and also to furnish another
through route from St. Louis to Chicago
via Gilman. It runs almost in a straight
line from Springfield to Litchfield, Mont
gomery county, thence to St. Louis. Its
entire route is east of and eight miles
shorter from Springfield to St. Loui sthan
by the route of the Chicago, Alton and
St. Louis road. This road will be put
under contract this summer, and will, no
doubt, be completed during the present
year. The officers of the company are :
S. H. Melvin. of Springfield, President ;
Robert McWilliams, of Litchfield, Vice
President ; George N. Black, of Spring
field, Treasurer ; P. B. Updike, of Litch
field, Secretary.
THE SPRINGFIELD AND NORTHWESTERN
RAILROAD COMPANY
Was incorporated in 1869. , It is to
connect Springfield and Rock Island, by
the way of Galesburg. Sept. 15, 1870,
fifty miles — from Springfield to Lewis-
ton — was put under contract, to be gra
ded, ironed and furnished with rolling
stock. It will be completed from Hava
na to Petersburg by the 1st of July, and
from Petersburg to Springfield by the
close of 1871.
The officers of the company are : W.
C. Green, of Tallula, President ; L. W.
Ross, of Lewiston, Vice-President ; John
Williams, of Springfield, Treasurer ; and
Edward Lanning, of Petersburg, Sec'y.

MAP or THE 1
RAILROADS
ILLINOIS

SS5iSB3iwBI?ifflH

m&x*$&®

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUBING.

37

THE SPRINGFIELD AND MATTOON RAILROAD
COMPANY
Has $280,000 in subscriptions, voted
by counties and townships, under the
old constitution of the State. This line
is seventy miles long, and is an extension
of the GrayviUe and Mattoon Railroad,
Operations are to commence on this line
within a few weeks. The officers of the
company are the same as those of the
GrayviUe and Mattoon Railroad Com
pany.THE SPRINGFIELD AND PEORIA RAILROAD
COMPANY
Was organized under the general laws
of the State, August 16, 1870, and a
board of directors chosen. The directors
are : John T. Stuart, John Williams, J. C.
Conkling and George N. Black, of Spring
field ; Milam Alkire, of Menard county ;
James Haines and Thomas King, of Pe
kin ; and A. J. Efodges and Sidney Pul-
sifer, of Peoria. SURSCRIPTIONS.
Sangamon county, the city of Spring
field, and the several townships named,
have taken the following subscriptions
by vote of the people :
The county has $100,000 in the Gil
man, Clinton and Springfield road ; and
$100,000 in the Springfield and Illinois
Southeastern road.
Springfield township has $80,000 in the
Springfield and Illinois Southeastern ;
fifty thousand of it at one subscription,
and thirty thousand at another.
Springfield towhship has $50,000 in
the Springfield and Northwestern Rail
road.

Salisbury township has $10,000 in the
Springfield and Northwestern Railroad.
Woodside township has $20,000 in the
Springfield and St. Louis Railroad.
HINT TO RAILROAD MEN.
By way of a hint to railroad men and
capitalists, I would just ask them to
look at the map, and see if there is not
a splendid opportunity for a pay
ing investment, in another Illinois Cen
tral Railroad. Commence at Cairo, and
run via DuQuoin, or on a straight line
west of that place, to Litchfield, Spring
field, Pekin, Peoria and Freeport, thence
to Madison, Wisconsin. CONCLUSION.
It will be seen by the foregoing state
ments and consulting the map, that
Springfield has six lines of railroads
finished and running ; two others upon
which the work is far advanced, and will
be completed within 1871 ; and three
other organized companies, with such
provision made as will secure the build
ing of the respective roads. She will
have at the close of this year eight, and
at the end of two years, eleven roads ; or
as it were, spokes to a wheel, concentra
ting to and diverging from this point.
There are about fifty thousand miles of
railroad in the United States. Of these
Illinois has about one eighth, or some
thing more than six thousand miles. It
is with feelings of pleasure that I point
to the map, engraved by a self-taught
artist of Springfield, M. M. Wickersham,
as a graphic description of the position
the Capital of Illinois sustains to the
general railroad system.

—6

38

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

STREET RAILWAYS.

THE CAPITAL RAILWAY COMPANY
Was organized under the general laws
of the State of Illinois, August 10, 1865,
and permission was at once given by the
City Council of Springfield, to locate the
road on all the streets the company de
sired to occupy. They commenced oper
ations with a capital of $18,000, which
was afterwards increased to 28,000. The
first board of directors were : J. K.
Dubois, John Williams, D. L. Phillips,
Alexander Starne and J. S. Bradford.
The officers chosen were : D. L. Phil
lips, President; John Williams, Treas
urer ; A. W. French, Secretary ; Alex
ander Starne, Superintendent. John
Williams afterwards resigned as Treas
urer, and Jesse K. Dubois was chosen to
fill the vacancy.
The road was built in the autumn of
1865, commencing at the old depot of
the Toledo, AVabash & Western Railway,
on the corner of Tenth and Monroe
streets, and running west on Monroe
street to Lincoln Avenue, one-third of a
mile west of the city limits. It was
opened for business January 1, 1866 ; the
total cost to that time, being about $27,-
000. The track was afterwards extended
about one-third of a mile further west,
and more recently about the same dis
tance was taken up at the east end of
the road — from Tenth to Seventh streets.
By an act of the General Assembly of
Illinois, approved Feb. 25, 1867, the
former transactions of the Capital Rail
way Company of Springfield, were legal
ized and its future rights and privileges
defined. Its capital stock was fixed at

$50,000, with authority to increase it in
definitely. This road, running as it does, by the
Post Office, and extending into the west
ern part of the city, where the residences
are numerous and increasing, is a great
convenience. The SkatiDg Rink is in
that part of the city and is a place of
great resort during the winter season.
The Capital Railway Company has a
fine park or natural grove of eight or ten
acres, at the western end of the road It
is a fine place for picnics in the spring
and summer season. No stranger visiting
the city, should leave it until he has
taken a ride to the west end of this line.
SPRINGFIELD CITY RAILWAY COMPANY
Was chartered Feb. 16, 1861, by a
special act of the Legislature of Illinois,
entitled "An act to promote the construc
tion of Horse Railways in the city of
Springfield." Jacob Bunn, John T.
Stuart, Stephen T. Logan, Benjamin S.
Edwards, Christopher C. Brown, Thomas
S. Mather, and George Carpenter, were
named as the first board of directors.
They were authorized to organize a
company under the name that heads this
article, with a capital stock of $50,000,
and permission to increase it indefinitely.
The company was invested with author
ity to build and operate street railroads,
on any street in the present or future
limits of the city, and to extend them to
any point in tho county of Sangamon.
They were to go on any public highway,
but were forbidden to put any obstruc
tion in the way of travel.
This very liberal charter was not an
exclusive one, but left the question so
that other companies might avail them-

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

30

selves of the same privileges ; therefore
we find the Capital Railway Company,
organized four and a half years later,
with its road in operation before this
one commenced work.
March 3, 1866, the Springfield City
Railway Company was organized, by the
election of the Hon. John T. Stuart,
President ; Asa Eastman, Vice President;
George N. Black, Treasurer ; and George
Carpenter, Secretary. They commenced
building the road at once and opened it
for business on the 4th of July.
The original road commenced at Mon
roe street and ran north, on Fifth street
to Oak Ridge Gemetery. The road, cars,
and all the equipments cost $42,000. In
the spring of 1867 it was extended on
Fifth street to South Grand Avenue, at
a cost of $18,000, making the total cost
$55,000. The southern extension was
opened for business just one year from
the first opening, namely, July 4, 1867.
This company owns a fine park of
twelve acres adjoining Oak Ridge Cem
etery on the east. The park is finely
shaded with native trees. It has a
bountiful supply of pure well water,
and a pagoda for refreshments.
There is a stand on the ground fitted up
for public speaking, with rustic bridges

in appropriate places, and seats under
almost every tree. These attractions,
with a green turf over all the ground,
make it a great resort for picnics.
This park and the fine walks and
drives, among the sylvan groves of Oak
Ridge Cemetery, forms a delightful re
treat from the scorching heat and dusty
streets of the city, in the summer months ;
and at all seasons, with the memories that
cluster around the Lincoln Monument, it
is one of the most attractive spots in the
West, both to citizens and strangers.
The board of directors of the company
are Jacob Bunn, John T. Stuart, J. W.
Bunn, George N. Black, Asa Eastman,
Dwight Brown, and C. W. Matheny.
The officers are Hon. John T. Stuart,
President ; Asa Eastman, Vice President;
George N. 'Black, Treasurer ; John W.
Bunn, Secretary.
Mr. A. L. Ide was a director in the
company until the last election, when he
declined to serve longer in that capacity.
He became Superintendent of the road
about three months after it went into
operation, and has continued in that
position to the present time to the mu
tual satisfaction of the stockholders, and
the people for whose convenience the
road was built.

40

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

TOPOGRAPHY OF ILLINOIS AND STATISTICS OF POPULATION.

A brief statement will assist persons
who have never been in this prairie
country, to form some idea of its topo
graphy. Low water in the Ohio river at
Cairo is 290 feet above the ocean's level.
The water in Lake Michigan is 295 high
er, or 585 feet above the ocean. The
following table shows that Springfield is
48 feet higher than the lake, or 633 feet
above the ocean's level. The average
level of the State is probably from 650
to 700 feet above the ocean.
"The country is quite broken in the
lead regions, and the hills are higher
than in any other portion of the State,
reaching an altitude, between Freeport
and Galena, where the elevations are lo
cally known as the Mounds, of from
eight hundred and fifty to nine hundred
feet above the level of the river at Cairo ;
and from five hundred and twenty-five
to five hundred and seventy-five feet
above the level of Lake Michigan ; and
from eleven hundred to eleven hundred
and fifty above the ocean's level ; and
from two hundred to two hundred and
fifty feet above the surrounding country."
Take the map and follow the line of
the Chicago and St. Louis railroad. Jo
liet is in the valley of the Desplaines
river ; Wilmington at the crossing of the
Kankakee ; Pontiac at the crossing of
the Vermillion, and Alton is a descent
from the table land, to the margin of the
Mississippi river.
The table lands between those riveis
are the highest points. South and west
from Chicago the country rises from 150
to 300 feet within the first hundred
miles. Notwithstanding this, almost
everybody says they are going up to Chi
cago ; probably because it is very proper
for a man to consider himself gone up
when he arrives there.

Starting from Chicago, the column of
figures on the left represents the number
of feet the railroad track lies above or
below the waters of Lake Michigan ;
those on the right the number of miles
from that city : TEST. MIL PS.
Joliet, below  41 38
Elwood, above  78 46
Wilmington, below  21 53
Braidwood, above  23 58
Braceville, "  21 61
Gardner, "  23 65
Dwight, "  71 74
Odell, "  144 82
Cayuga, "  121 87
Pontiac, "  86 92
Ocoya, "  109 97
Chenoa, "  153 103
Lexington, "  196 111
Towanda, "  228 119
Bloomington (Western station)223 126
Shirley, above  188 133
Funk's Grove, "  148 137
McLean, "  148 141
Atlanta, "  162 147
Lawn Dale, "  . . 43 150
Lincoln, "  31 157
Broadwell, "  29 164
Elkhart, "  35 168
Williamsville, "  45 174
Sherman, "  27 178
Springfield, "  48 185
Chatham, "  60 194
Auburn, "  84 200
Virden, "  109 206
Girard, "  Ill 210
Carlinville, "  78 223
Shipman, " .,  80 238
Brighton, "  112 245
Monticello, "  53 251
Alton, below  112 257
St. Louis, "   280

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANTJFAOTUEING.

41

POPULATION OF STATE.
1810  12,282
1820  55,211
1830  157,445
1840  476,183
1850  851,470
I860  1,701,740
1870  f  2,529,410
POPULATION OF SANGAMON COUNTY.
1840  14,716

1850  19,228
I860  32,?52
1870  46,384
POPULATION OF SPRINGFIELD.
1840  *1,600
1850  4,533
I860  9,320
1870  17,370
• Not official ; all others taken from the United
States census.

GEOLOGY OF ILLINOIS.

Very early in the history of the coun
try, comprised at present in the State of
Illinois, lead was discovered in the north
western portion of the same, in what is
now Jo Daviess county. The centre of
this lead region is a little northeast of
the city of Galena. Nearly all the lead
produced by those mines, has been taken
out within a radius of eight miles in
diameter, around this central point. The
lead bearing territory extends into Wis
consin and across into Iowa, but in north
western Illinois it is confined to Stephen
son and Jo Daviess counties.
Mining was prosecuted there previous
to 1824, and attained its greatest im
portance about 1845, after which it de
clined. In 1853 the yield was 15,700
tons of 2,400 pounds each, which de
clined to 13,366 tons in 1858, and 8,262
tons in 1S59. Mining is prosecuted there
at the present time to a greater or less
extent. Lead is found in Hardin county, on
the Ohio river, about three hundred and
fifty miles south of the mines above de
scribed. The discovery was made by
digging a well during the year 1839. No
attention was given to it until 1841,
when it was found in digging another
well. In 1842 mining and smelting was
commenced, but after sinking a great

many shafts, the work was abandoned
in 1851. It was not resumed until the
autumn of 1865, when one of the old
shafts was cleaned out ready for business.
For the year ending December 1, 1867,
one hundred and seventy-six thousand,
three hundred and eighty-seven pounds
of lead had been taken out. The num
ber of laborers had increased from six to
about sixty.
A story is related by Governor Ford,
in his history of Illinois, connected with
the early lead mining in this region of
country. The business had been prose
cuted for many years in Missouri, before
it was discovered in the vicinity of what
is now Galena. In 1824 the great rich
ness of the Galena mines became known,
and in the summers of 1825-6-7, hun
dreds and thousands of men from the
southern part of Illinois would go up the
Mississippi river on steamboats, in the
spring, work in the lead mines through
the warm weather, and return to their
homes in the antumn, thus establishing
a similarity between their migratory ha
bits and that species of the finny tribe
called Suckers. For this reason the Illi
nois miners were very early called
" Suckers " by the few Missourians at
Galena. As the fame of these mines extended,

42

SPEINGFIELD.

1
men from southern Missouri turned out
in great numbers and flocked to Galena
also. The circumstance of such numbers
of unc outh men, coming up the river,
was too suggestive to be lost. A face
tious '* Sucker " insisted that the Missou
ri lead mines had taken an emetic, and
from that time the Missourians were
called "Pukes." These appellations have
been bandied back and forth in a good-
natured way to the present time, and
ludicrous incidents sometimes occur in
the use of both. SALT SPRINGS
Are found in several localities in the
southern portions of the State. In the
early settling of the country, when the
transportation of merchandize was diffi
cult, they were of great importance, and
works for evaporating the water were
erected in Saline and Jackson counties,
and perhaps at some other points. In
consequence of the weakness of the brine

ILLINOIS, AND
and the imperfect apparatus for evapo
rating, the works have been abandoned,
except at Equality, in Saline county,
where a small quantity is made. Prof.
Worthen thinks that with improved
methods for evaporation, it might be
profitable to manufacture salt in Jackson
county at the present time.
IRON MINING.
Hardin is the only county in the State
where iron has been mined and furnaces
erected for smelting it from the ore. A
furnace was built there in 1837, and an
other in 1848. Charcoal, made from the
heavy forests along the Ohio river, was
used for smelting, and the iron produced
commanded the highest price in the
market. The furnace established in 1848
was closed in 1857. The first one opened,
after being in operation twenty-four
years, was closed in 1861, soon after the
breaking out of the rebellion.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUBING.

43

COAL AND COAL MINING.

The other minerals in this State are so
meagre in supply as to be deserving of
but a bare mention ; but when we speak
of coal, to say that it is abundant, gives
but a meagre idea of its extent. It is
found cropping out of the bluffs, along
the water courses, over a large extent of
country, and was mined in a rude man
ner by the first settlers. It is but a few
years since the first attempts were made
at mining on scientific principles.,
A law was enacted by the General As
sembly of Illinois, in February, 1851, au
thorizing the Governor, Auditor and
Treasurer of the State to employ a Geo
logist, with the view of making an en
tire survey of the State. Three thousand
dollars per annum was appropriated for
the purpose of defraying the expenses of
the same. The appropriation was to
continue until the work was completed,
or its discontinuance ordered by the
Legislature. At the session of 1853, the annual ap
propriations were increased to $5,000,
and an additional $500 per annum for
making maps of the several counties of
the State. The survey was commenced
in 1852 by Dr. J. G. Norwood.
In 1858 Prof. A. H. Worthen, the pre
sent State Geologist, was commissioned
by Governor Bissell to take charge of the
work. Annual reports were made to the
Governor, without any appropriations
for their publication until 1865. The
general knowledge on the subject was
so limited, and the desire of men of
small calibre to make political capital
under the convenient plea of economy,
that a bill passed both Houses of the
General Assembly, at the session of 1861,
to repeal all laws on the subject, and

thus recklessly throw away all that had
been accumulated. The interposition of
the veto by Governor Yates wrested the
work from the hands of the destroyers.
At the session of 1865 an appropria
tion was made for the publication of
the reports of the State Geologist. Early
in 1866 the first volume of 504 octavo
pages, with numerous illustrations, was
published, and the second volume of 470
pages appeared the same year.
February 28, 1867, an act of the General
Assembly was approved by Governor
Oglesby, providing for the publication of
the third volume of the reports, which
appeared in 1868. It contained 574 pages.
When the first volume of reports were
prepared for the press there had not been
a coal shaft sunk in Sangamon county,
and Prof. Worthen says : "No coal has
given me more trouble and has left me
more uncertain about its geological hori
zon, than the bank of the Sangamon
River." In the third volume of his reports,
speaking of the stratum mined in Sanga
mon county, by the shafts sunk since his
first report, he says : "The coal from this
seam is of excellent quality, and at some
localities, as at Howlett, in Sangamon
county, the coal is remarkably free from
sulphuret of iron. * * * It is a harder
and heavier coal than that from the seam
above it, and appears to be by far the
most valuable coal yet discovered in this
portion of the State."
In the same volume he says : "The pro
duct of our coal mines for the past year,
1867, according to the most reliable sta
tistics we have been able to obtain, is
fully 1,500,000 tons. There is, perhaps,
no other area of equal extent in the Uni-

44

6PEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

ted States where coal is so easily obtained,
with a moderate expenditure of capital,
as in the Illinois coal fields." The facil
ities for mining have so increased since
1867, by sinking so many additional
shafts, that the product has, no doubt,
been doubled since that time.
An act ef the General Assembly, ap
proved by Governor Palmer March 11,
1869, provides for the publication of the
fourth volume and for completing the
fifth. There has also been an appropria
tion for publishing the fifth volume — the
manuscript for which was ready as early
as September, 1870. The fourth volume
appeared in January, 1871. The materials
for the sixth volume are collected, and I
am informed, by Prof. Worthen, that it
will be ready for the press during the
current year, and only awaits an appro
priation for its publication. When the
fifth and sixth volumes are published, the
entire survey of the State, by counties,
will be before the people.
The report on Sangamon county is not
yet published, but will be in the fifth or
sixth volume. It will show that all the
workable coal beds in the State underlie
Sangamon county.
The accompanying section of the coal
measures in Fulton county, copied from
page 93, Vol. 4, report of State Geologist,
will illustrate Sangamon county also :
Section of the Coal Measures in Fulton County.

4 to 6 feet. Thin bedded gray limestone.

15 to 20 feet,
¦UJ" .'¦¦!» ¦biSgg

ST feet.

5 to 10 feet.

15 to 20 feet.

3 to 3 feet.

25 to 30 feet.

2 to 6 feet.

3 to 6 feet.

60 to 80 feet.

2 to 0 feet.

8 to 4 feet.

30 to 40 feet.

40 to 60 feet.

3 to 6 feet.

Shales but partially exposed.
Coal seam No. 7.
Shale and sandy limestone.

Argillaceous limestone and bitu
minous shale.
Coal seam No. 6.

Fire clay and nodular limestone.

Sandstone and shale.

Black shales a»d nodules oflimest.

2 to 3 feet.

20 to 30 feet.

Coal seam No. 5.
Sandy and argillaceous shales.
Bituminous shale and limestone
Coal seam No. 4.
Clay shale and septaria.
Sandstones and sandy shales.

Dark blue silicions limestone.
Black shale.
Coal seam No. 3.

Argillaceous and sandy shales and
sandstone.

Coal seam No. 2.

Sandstone and shale.

Bituminous limestone and band
of iron ore.
Bituminous shale.
Coal seam No. 1.
Clay shale or fire clay.

Conglom. sandstone and shale.

Prof. Worthen says : "The section con
structed in this (Fulton) county will be
considered a typical one, and will be used
for the co-ordination of the coal strata
throughout the central and western por
tion of the State. We have found, here,
seven consecutive seams, all exposed by

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTURING.

45

their natural outcrop, within the county,
and all, except the upper one, have been
worked to a greater or less extent. The
aggregate thickness of these seams is
about twenty-five feet, and their individ
ual range is from twenty inches to six
feet in thickness. "
In a conversation with Prof. Worthen,
which I am at liberty to use, he informed
me that Sangamon county has -all the
workable coal strata found in any other
part of the State ; hence, there is at least
twenty-five feet, in thickness, of coal un
derlying the county. The stratum pene
trated by all the coal shafts in this county
— of which I shall speak in another place
— is either the fifth or fourth, he thinks
it is the fourth.
The Illinois coal fields extend over three-
fourths of the State. Coal is found in

seventy five of the one hundred and two
counties of the State.
"The usual mining estimate for the pro
ductive capacity of a coal seam gives one
million tons of coal to the square mile
for every foot in thickness that the seam
will measure."
In order to illustrate the inexhaustible-
ness of the supply, we will take ten miles
square, of which Springfield is the centre.
This makes one hundred square miles.
The stratum now being worked is six feet
thick. If one foot depth, over one square
mile, gives one million tons, six feet
depth gives six mill'on tons. Multiply
that by one. hundred, and it gives six
hundred millions of tons or fifteen thou
sand millions of bushels on tun miles
square. And this stratum is only one-
fourth of the aggregate thickness of the
coal we have.

ARTESIAN WELL.

In the year 1857 an arrangement was
made, by which the City Council of
Springfield, and some of the public spirit
ed citizens, agreed to contribute equally
for the purpose of sinking an Artesian
Well. June 15, 1857, an ordinance was
passed, appropriating $3,000 to defray
the expense on the part of the city. De
cember 20, 1858, $2,000 more was appro
priated, and again $2,000 March 7, 1859.
Ex-Mayor John W. Priest was then
Mayor of the city. From him I learn
that the last appropriation was never
used. The whole amount expended was
about $10,000— half by the city and half
by subscribers. The boring was carried
down about eleven hundred feet and

then abandoned, leaving the greater part
of the machinery in the earth. In pass
ing through the stratum of coal now
mined here, Prof. Norwood, the State
Geologist, was in attendance, and pro
nounced the coal to be from twenty to
twenty-four inches in thickness. The
failure to understand its extent was, no
doubt, owing to the fact that no precau
tions had been taken to keep out the
water and mud from the boring. Mayor
Priest says that if its real extent had been
known, there is but little doubt that a
shaft would have been sunk and mining
commenced at that time. The boring
was done at the side of Washington street,
near the eastern limits of the city.

— 7

46

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

COAL MINING.

THE HOWLETT MINE.
The village of Howlett is seven miles
east of Springfield, at the cast side of
Sangamon River, and is in this county.
It was formerly called Jamestown. On
the 18th of December, 1865, Mr. P. L.
Howlett, who was then running a distil
lery at that place, attached boring appa
ratus to the machinery of his distillery,
and commenced boring on the bank of
the Sangamon, about twenty-five feet
from the distillery. On the 4th of April,
1866, he reached the coal, at a depth of
210 feet. After passing through the coal,
he supposed it to be eight feet thick.
Many persons thought he was deceived in
the thickness, among others Prof. Wor
then, the State Geologist, who thought
the signs of coal might have been occa
sioned by pieces falling from the thin
veins passed through above. Not willing
to risk the expense of sinking a shaft
while there was any doubt with regard
to the existence of coal, although he was
convinced in his own mind, Mr. Howlett
moved his machinery to a more suitable
place for sinking a shaft, by the side of
the Toledo, Wabash and Western Rail
road, and commenced boring again May
4, 1866. This time he put down five
inch iron tubing, in order to keep any
pieces of coal from falling out of the
veins, that he might pass. At a depth of
197 feet he again reached what he sup
posed to be the coal, and, according to
previous agreement, sent for Prof. Wor
then, who remained until the drill passed
through the coal, which he pronounced
to be eight feet thick. It was afterwards
ascertained that a little more than two
feet of this was bituminous shale. June
5th he commenced sinking a shaft, and

Sept 5th, 1867, reached the coal, and at
once commenced mining it to supply the
market. The following statement of the
substances passed through will give some
idea of the geology of this part of the
country ; FEET IKOHBB
Clay  H °
Soapstone  *  3 u
BlackShale  2 9
7. Coal  1 1°
Fire Clay  3 0
Blue Limestone  3 0
LightMarl  18 0
SandStone  49 9
Blue Soap Stone Shale  16 2
HardblueFos.Bockwithironballs. 3 0
BlackShale  0 1
6. Coal  0 2
FireClay  4 6
Dark Blue Shale  3 10
Eeddish Gray Clay Shale  T 6
Very hard Conglomerate Eock  3 «
Eeddish Gray Clay Shale  4 0
Black Clay Shale  1 0 ,
Eeddish Gray Clay Shale  4 6
GrayLlmeEock  8 0
Gray Shale  2 0
5. Coal and Eock mixed  1 0
FireClay  T 6
LightSand Eock  16 0
QrayShale  10 2
Variegate Lime Eock  1 6
Hard Black Shale  2 6
4. Coal  S 10
FireClay  3 0
205 6
Soon after opening the mine, Mr. How
lett caused some of the coal to be sent to
Chicago, to be analyzed by Prof. Blaney.
After analyzing it, Prof. Blaney says :
"The following is the composition of
the coal, analyzed at your request :
Moisture  0,480
Volatile combustible matter  86,765
Fixed carbon  48,203
Ash  8,552
100,000
"No_ test was made of the percentage

ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTUEING.

il

of sulphur in the coal, as there was not
enough for that purpose ; but, from its
appearance and the color of the ash, I am
of the opinion that the amount must be
very small.
"The large proportion of volatile com
bustible matter in this coal would indi
cate a peculiar fitness for the manufacture
of gas, as it is in this respect superior, in
percentage, to the Youghogheney coal,
of Pennsylvania, which is considered to
be the standard coal for the manufacture
of gas."
After having his mine in good work
ing order, Mr. Howlett loaded several
cars with coal and shipped it to Caron-
delet, Missouri, to have it tested in mak
ing iron. The following from the fore
man of the iron works and from the
proprietors, will show the result :
Carondelet, Mo., May 14, 1868.
This is to certify that I have managed
the smelting of iron ore with coal brought
here by P. L. Howlett, and it has far ex
ceeded my expectation, making a good
quality of iron, and more of it in twenty -
four hours, than any other coal used in
this — Carondelet — furnace ; and I fur
ther say that I have been raised a furnace-
man, and followed it all my life, and am
now forty-eight years old; and I never
have seen as soft, solid, white iron as this
coal has made, and think that if I could
have a fortnight's run on it I would be
able to make A No. 1 foundry iron with
it, as it always requires some time to ad
just the proportions of iron ore, lime and
other materials to bring about the de
sired change. Rorert Adams.
From the proprietors of the furnace :
St. Louis, May 16, 1868.
P. L. Howlett, Esq., St. Louis Mo.
Dear Sir : The test made of "Caron
delet Furnace" pig iron shows a tensile
strength of twenty-seven thousand (27,-
000) pounds. The test made of the same,
from one of the first heats, stood 12,000.
Brazil pig stood 6,000. The standard
for C. B. (cold blast) charcoal, is 22,000

to 24,000. Our H. B. No. 1 charcoal is
about 16,000. Respectfully,
' M. Woodward, Treas.
The above test was made on iron made
at our furnace, from Iron Mountain ore,
and coal furnished by P. L. Howlett, from
his mines near Springfield, 111.
McKhrnan, Lilly & Co.
Mr. Howlett continued to work the
mine until September, 1869, when it
went into the hands of Jacob Bunn, of
Springfield. March 20, 1870, the shaft,
with 720 acres of land, was leased to C.
O. Godfrey, of Hannibal, Mo. In May,
1870, the Western Coal and Mining Com
pany was organized at Springfield, under
the general laws of Illinois, with a capi
tal of $500,000. The Howlett mine then
passed from the hands of C. O. Godfrey
to the Western Coal and Mining Com
pany. This mine is now in a condition
to take out 250 tons of coal per day. It
keeps about 75 miners employed in sum
mer, and about 125 in winter, or an
average of 100. The company has two
mines at Danville, and have secured
lands preparatory to opening one at
Chapin, ten miles west of Jacksonville.
They- keep coal yards at Logansport,
Lafayette, Decatur, Jacksonville and
Springfield. At the Springfield yard
there is always a supply of
the Howlett coal. In addition to
this they keep Blossburg and Anthracite
coal and Connelsville coke, being the
only yard in Springfield where such an
assortment is to be found.
The officers of tho Western Coal and
Mining Company are C. O. Godfrey,
President ; Edward Price, Secretary ;
F. Wilms, Cashier ; A. J. Bean, Super
intendent. The principal office of the
company is under the Leland Hotel, at
Springfield. j. a. loose's mine— south shaft.
When Mr. Howlett commenced boring
for coal, Mr. Loose was on the point of
commencing also. He then madj ar
rangements with Mr. Howlett to take

48

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

his machinery, after that gentleman had
gone as deep as he desired ; but when
Mr. Howlett decided to bore a second
time, Mr. Loose sent to the oil regions of
Pennsylvania, obtained a complete outfit
and commenced boring in Jane, 1866.
He went down to the coal, satisfied
himself, and commenced sinking a shaft
in Sept.. He kept the work moving the
entire winter, and in April, 1867, reached
the coal. In a very short time he was
ready to supply the market, being the
first man in the county to take coal from
a shaft. His mine is 237 feet deep, and curbed
with timber eight inches thick. It is
caulked with oakum down to the first
stone, seventy feet, in order to keep out
the water. The shaft is eight by sixteen
feet, and divided into three compart
ments — two of equal size, for the down
ward and upward movement of the
cages, and a smaller one for ventilation.
A furnace is built about seventy feet
from the eye of the shaft, inside the
mine, and is connected by a horizontal
flue with the compartment for ventilation.
A fire kept burning in the furnace, pro
duces a vacuum in the mine, which
causes a current of cold air to flow down
the two main compartments in the shaft,
and the heated air passes up throhgh the
ventilating compartment, thus keeping
the air in the mine pure.
The money expended in sinking this
shaft aud fitting it up with steam engine,
hoisting machinery and buildings, is
about $80,000. Mr. Loose employs from
fifty to one hundred miners, and takes
out an average of about 200 tons per
day. Being at the crossing of two rail
roads, he has his machinery so arranged
that he can coal two engines, load two
cars and three wagons, at once, and if all
were ready at the same moment, it could
be done in one minute of time.
BATJNDERSON & CO.'S MINE — NORTH SHAFT.
William Saunderson and William
Beard, under the firm name of Saunder

son & Beard, commenced Feb. 10, 1867,
about one and a half miles north of the
State House, and just outside of the city
limits, at the east side of the Chicago and
St. Louis Railroad.'to sink a shaft. At
a depth of sixteen feet they struck a vein
of quicksand, which admitted so much
water that they abandoned the spot and
moved about three hundred yards further
north and to the west side of the rail
road. Here they again commenced sinking a .
shaft, and after passing through several
strata of coal too thin for mining, they
came to a six foot stratum, at a depth of
248 feet. The shaft was completed July
15, 1867, but it was not until September
that the buildings and machinery were
ready for active operations. The works
complete cost $40,000. In December,
1868, Charles Hickox was admitted a
partner, and the style of the firm changed
to Saunderson & Co.
During the winter months, about sixty
miners are employed, but in summer the
number is reduced about one-half. They
take out of this shaft, on an average, the
year round, about 100 tons, or ten car
loads of coal per day, and have all the
building?, hoisting machinery and steam
power, to take out 240 tons per day, if
the market required it. Wm. Beard ia
is the Superintendent.
The works of this firm being at the
side of a railroad track, and between the
city and SaDgamon river, are finely
situated to attract manufactories around
them. They are prepared to offer special
inducements in the way of land grants,
and the cheapest and best of fuel, to par
ties desiring to engage in any branch of
manufacturing. Their facilities for
natural drainage is unsurpassed, and
their close proximity to the water works
would make communication easy for any
business that might require it. Manu
facturers looking for a location should
not fail to call on Messrs. Saunderson &
Co.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MANUFAOTUEING.

49

STARNE & SHUTT S MINE — WEST END
SHAFT.
Hon. Alexander Starne and G. W.
Shutt, Esq., under the firm name of
Starne & Shutt, broke ground June
17, 1870, for the purpose of sinking a
coal shaft. The site is at the north side
of the northwestern extension, of the
Pana and Southeastern Railroad, and is
one and three-eighth miles west of the
old State House. It is, therefore, very
properly called the "West End Shaft."
From fifteen to twenty men were kept
steadily at work, from the commence
ment until the 10th of September, when
they reached a stratum of coal five feet
ten inches thick, at a depth of 153 feet.
The coal is the same as that mined in the
other shafts in this vicinity, but the dif
ference in depth is all on the surface.
This mine commences in a valley where
the surface is from seventy-five to one
hundred feet lower than at the north or
south shaft. The cost of sinking the
shaft was about twenty thousand dollars,
but the other improvements in the way
of buildings for the mines and miners,
grading and improving the grounds, has

involved an outlay of nearly sixty thou
sand dollars.
This mine being yet new, has not room
for a great number of miners to work,
sixty-five being the most that has at any
one time been engaged. They now keep
thirty steadily at work, and take out
from two to three thousand bushels, or
from eighty to one hundred and twenty
tons per day.
Their stoam engine, hoisting appara
tus, and all the other machinery and ap
pliances are equal to either of the other
shafts, and when business justifies, they
could double the quantity of coal pro
duced. ,
Messrs. Starne & Shutt have one hun
dred and ten acres of land connected
with their coal shaft, and in addition to
its value for mining has some splendid
situations for manufacturing establish
ments. The facilities for natural drain
age could not be better. Parties com
ing to Springfield for the purpose of
seeking a location for almost any kind of
a manufacturing establishment could not
do better than by calling upon them.

50

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

WATER WORKS, SEWERAGE AND GAS.

SPRINGFIELD WATER WORKS.
For the purpose of establishing water
works, the city authorities of Springfield,
a few years ago, purchased thirty acres
of land adjoining the city on the north.
From the business part of the city to this
land, the surface rises gently until an
elevation of eleven feet above the old
State House grounds is attained. For
the purpose of commanding as great an
elevation as possible, the surface was
made the bottom of the reservoir, and an
embankment of 100 feet wide at the base,
sloping equally inside and out, until it
was raised to 22 feet in height and 20
feet across the top. To make it water
tight, the bottom and sides were puddled
with blue clay and concrete, and the en
tire inside, except the bottom, covered
with slabs of Joliet stone, imbedded in
cement. One tier of slabs, or flag stones
are laid flat on the top at the inner bor
der, and a picket fence mounted on the
stone around the enclosure.
The reservoir is a square, rounded at
the corners. It is 200 feet in diameter
at the bottom, and about 275 at the top,
inside, and has a capacity of 4,000,000
gallons. The embankment is nicely sod
ded on the outside, and presents a beau
tiful appearance. The earth for making
this embankment was taken from the
grounds adjoining on the east, west and
north, so as to make a miniature chain
of lakes, with islands interspersed. These
islands have shrubbery planted on them,
and in time will form some of the most
picturesque scenery imaginable. There
is what is called a stand pipe in the cen
tre of the reservoir. It stands on the
bottom, and is seventy feet high. It is
embedded in a pedestal of concrete ma

sonry ten or twelve feet in diameter and
octagonal in form. The pedestal rises
four or five feet above the surface of the
water. This stand pipe is made of iron,
and is three feet or more in diameter.
On the pedestal at each of the eight
sides there is a sea horse rampant, and a
huge dolphin, four of each alternating,
the whole fronting outward. Just above
this group, there is a vase, twelve or fif
teen feet in diameter, and about ten feet
above the vase, four swans, life size, at
tached to the stand pipe. Sea horses,
dolphins, swans and vase, are all made
of iron. The crest of the stand pipe is a
combination of iron work, highly orna
mental, and extending outward on all
sides. Three and one quarter miles north of
the reservoir, on the bank of the Sanga
mon river, there is a house with a steam
engine and two large pumps in it. There
is also a very large well, about one hun
dred feet from shore, and connected by a
tunnel. A very strong set of iron pipes,
fifteen inches in diameter, is connected
with the well and laid under ground; the
three and a quarter miles to the reservoir
passes under the embankment, and con
nects with the stand pipe at the bottom.
These pumps at the river are so arranged
that either one can be made to form the
connecting link between the well and the
pipe leading to the reservoir. When
connected, one of them throws ordina
rily 060 gallons per minute, 57,600 per
hour, or 1,382,400 in twenty-four hours,
and this quantity can be doubled in an
emergency. The top of the stand pipe is 170 feet
higher than the pumps, and three and a
quarter miles distant. Put the machinery
in motion, and we can soon have the wa-

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

51

ter issuing on all sides, in the form of
spray, from the ornamental work at the
top of the stand pipe, and falling over
the swans into the vase ; from there it is
connected by pipes to the four dolphins
below, and from the mouth of each of
these a stream of water spouts into the
reservoir. In order to conduct the wa
ter to where it is wanted for use, there
is a fifteen inch pipe laid from the re
servoir, under ground, about one mile
into the city ; and where it is necessary
to branch off, ten inch pipe is used, and
again four inch, and so on down to the
small pipes, leading into the different
rooms of the houses.
I have said that the ground on which
the reservoir stands is eleven feet above
the city, and the water in the reservoir
twenty-two feet higher, making thirty-
three feet it will rise — when the pipes
are properly placed in the houses — on
the principle that water will find its le
vel. Some of the buildings are higher
than this, and in order to supply them
with water, the pumping machinery and
pipes are so arranged, that when the en
gine is running at the river, water may
be forced more than eighty feet above
the surface, five miles away from the
propelling power at the river
These works are constructed with the
view of supplying a city of forty or fifty
thousand inhabitants, and as Springfield
contains only about eighteen thousand,
there is danger that too much water will
be pumped up and overflow the reser
voir. This, however, is guarded against
by an opening in the stand pipe, a foot
or more below the level of the embank
ments. This opening in the stand pipe
is connected by a smaller pipe, passing
down inside the stand pipe, and out un
der the embankments, to the artificial
lake with the islands in it, around the
reservoir, thus preventing an overflow
and supplying the artificial lake by the
same operation.
The whole work was designed by Mr.
Henry Earnshaw, hydraulic engineer, of

the Cincinnati water works. The engine,
pumps, statuary, and all the ornamental
iron work, was made at the foundry of
Miles Greenwood, in Cincinnati. The
construction of the work was superin
tended by John C. Ragland, of Spring
field, under orders from the commis
sioners—John Williams, C. W. Mathe-
ney and Dr. H. Wohlgemuth. It was
commenced June 1, 1866, and completed
July 1, 1868, at a total cost of about
$460,000. In addition to supplying the dwellings,
business houses, hotels, factories, etc.,
with water, fire plugs are placed at con
venient distances from each other all
over the city. With the two splendid
steam fire engines, this affords ample
protection against conflagrations ; so that
a fire very rarely extends beyond a build
ing in which it originated.
All the additional expense necessary to
supply a population of fifty thousand
persons will be the additional supply
pipes to convey the water where it is
desired. John C. Ragland continues to be the
superintendent. SEWERAGE OF THE CITY.
The southern one of the two ravines,
between which the old North Carolina
hunter pitched his tent, has for many
years been called the Town Branch. It
runs a little north of the Governor's
Mansion, passes between the old and new
State Houses, and running in a north
westerly direction, empties into Spring
Creek, as already stated. Within the
city limits it is all arched over and the
ground leveled up above it. The open
ing is about ten feet in diameter, and is
the nmn sewer for the drainage of the
city. The system of sewerage is very elabo
rate, having already between twenty-five
and thirty miles completed, ranging in
size from two to ten feet. The sewerage,
like the water works, will require but a
little extension of pipes, mostly smaller
than those already laid, to bring it up

52

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

to the necessities of an equally large
population.

GAS LIGHT COMPANY.

Springfield Gas Light Company wss
chartered by the General Assembly of
Illinois, Feb. 27, 1854, and was put in

operation soon after. The works have
been extended from time to time as the
demand increased. The streets are light
ed with gas, and large quantities of coke
made, which is used in the foundries.
Mr. N. H. Ridgley is the owner of nearly
or quite all the stock.

CHURCHES.

RAPTIST.
First — Organized 1852. Number of
members 340. Rev. Nehemiah Pierce,
Pastor. Sabbath School has about 250
pupils. Geo. W. Ingalls, Superintendent,
North — Organized 1862. Number of
members 160. D. F. Carnahan, Pastor.
Sabbath School 120 scholars. D. F. Car
nahan, Superintendent.
German — Organized 1864. Number
of members 60. Rev. George Brentz,
Pastor. CATHOLIC.
Church of Immaculate Conception — Or
ganized 1855. Number of members
about 600 families or 3,000 persons.
Rev. Father Brady, Pastor. Parochial
Sabbath School contains 500 pupils, un
der the charge of the Sisters of Notre
Dame, Mother Capstrana, and Patrick
McMahan and MiGhael Kelly.
St. Peter's and St. PauVs— Organized
1865. Number of members 170 families
or 700 persons. Rev. Father Lueken,
Pastor. Sunday School numbers about
175 scholars, and is taught by Frederick
Jasper and Michael Haider.
CHRISTIAN.
Organized 1838. Rev. J. B. Crane,
Pastor. Number of members 250. Sab
bath School contains 120 pupils. Wm.
Lavely, Superintendent. CONGREGATIONAL.
Organized February 6th, 1867, with
74 members. Rev. J. H. McLane, Pastor.

Number of members 153. Sabbath School
numbers 165 scholars. D. G. Moore, Su
perintendent. Cost of Church and fur
nishing about $12,000. Money raised in
the last four years $25,000, in
addition to $5,258, to pay off debt on
Church lots. The Church has a standing
offer of $1,500 towards a Church organ,
which will be accepted, and the instru
ment procured. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL.
St. Paul's — Located at the corner of
Third and Adams streets, is one of
the oldest Churches or organizations in
the city, having been established about
the year 1836. Rev. Chas. Dresser, D.D.,
was the first Pastor, and served the Pa
rish for seventeen years. The Rev. Jos.
W. Pierson, Rev. L. P. Clover, Rev. W.
F. B. Jackson, Rev. H. N. Pierce, D. D.,
and Rev. F. M. Gregg, A. M., have suc
ceeded him. The Parish is now in a
highly prosperous condition and fully
organized for work, numbering more
than one thousand, with two hundred
families and about 250 communicants.
The Sunday School numbers 325 scho
lars, with 65 officers and teachers. Hon.
George H. Harlow is Superintendent.
By a single effort this Church recently
liquidated a debt of about $8,000.
HEBREW CONGREGATION,
Organized 1864. Rev. B. Deutsh, Pas
tor. Number of members 25. The Sab
bath School numbers 12 members. Rev.
B. Deutsh, Superintendent.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTURING.

53

LUTHERAN.
English. — This Church was organized
in the year 1841, by Rev. Francis Sprin
ger, a well-known divine and school
teacher. The Church comprised eight
members — Jacob Divelbiss and John B.
Weber, Esqrs., being the only members
thereof now in the city. The Church or
ganization erected the present house of
worship in the year 1853, at a cost of
$8,000, since which time it has been con
siderably improved. The Pastor is Rev.
E. E. Heilmann. Number of members
130. Sabbath School numbers 185 scho
lars. W. Fychon, Superintendent, and
C. C. Cromwell, Assistant. In 1866 the
Lutheran Church separated into two divi
sions, which produced a very disastrous
result upon the workings and prosperity
of the Church. It is hoped an union
may soon be perfected, and the result
thereof be highly beneficial to the or
ganization. METHODIST EPISCOPAL.
First, — Was organized in 1821, when
there were about 40 members in this en
tire county ; and was made a station in
October, 1834, with 100 members, and
legally organized in October, 1838. Rev.
Franklin W. Phillips, Pastor. Sabbath
School numbers 325 scholars, with 500
volumes in the library. A. W. Coleman,
Superintendent. Second. — Organized in 1865 with 75
members. Rev. E. D. Wilkin, Pastor.
Number of members, 150. The Sabbath
School numbers 150 scholars. R. F.
Herndon, Superintendent.
German Methodist.— Organized in 1850,
and church built in 1856. Rev. J. S.
Keller, Pastor, Adam Donges, Local
Preacher. Number of members, 34.
Sabbath School has 60 scholars. Charles
Kahn, Superintendent. PRESBYTERIAN.
First. — Organized by Rev. John W.
Ellis, January 30, 1828, since which time
it has had five pastors. Rev. James A.
—8

Reed is the present pastor. The mem
bers of the congregation number 581, the
communicants numbering 330, The
Sabbath School contains 300 members.
W. H. Hayden, Superintendent. Three
colonies have been sent out by this
church. In May, 1832, thirty members
were dismissed to form the North San
gamon Church ; in May, 1835, thirty
were dismissed to form the Second
Church of Springfield ; and in January,
1849, forty-two were dismissed to form
the Third Presbyterian Church.
Second. — Was organized May 26, 1835.
Rev. Albert Hale, Pastor from July 1st,
1840, to January 1st, 1867. Rev. G. H.
Robertson, the present Pastor, began his
labors April 21st, 1867. The present
number of members is 400. The Sab
bath School numbers 325 scholars, and
35 teachers. George M. Brinkerhoff,
Superintendent. Third. — Organized February 7, 1849,
with 44 members. A. Stone, James L.
Lamb and E. R. Wiley, Elders. Rev. R.
V. Dodge was installed the first Pastor,
May 1, 1849, and resigned October 1,
1857. He was succeeded by Rev. J. C.
Jennings, who in January, 1861, also re
signed. Rev. G. W. F. Burch was in
stalled October, 1861, and resigned Sep
tember 31, 1867. Rev. H. L. Paynter is
the present pastor ; began his labors in
June, 1870, and was installed October,
1870. The church is quite prosperous,
and the week and Sabbath services well
attended. The collections for the last
year were nearly $3,000. The Sabbath
School library contains 300 volumes.
The Sabbath School numbers 200 scholars
and 20 teachers. E. R. Uhlrich is Super
intendent. First Portuguese. — Organized  .
Pastor, Rev. H. L. Harvey. Number of
members, 100. Sabbath School, 60 schol-

Second. — Organized

Pastor,

Rev. H. McKee. Number of members,
105. Sabbath School, 50 scholars.

54

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

UNTVERSALIST.
Organized by Rev. L. C. Marvin, Pas
tor, in 1852, and instituted in July, 1857-
The society numbers 100 members, one-
half of which number being members of
the church. The church was dedicated
December 24, 1858. Rev. Mr. Lombard,

Pastor. The Sabbath School numbers 60
scholars, and H. F. Smith is Superin
tendent. Notwithstanding this church
has had to contend against the most ad
verse circumstances and difficulties, it is
now in a flourishing and prosperous con
dition.

CITY SCHOOLS.
By H. C. Watson.

In the list of advantages possessed by
Springfield, none is greater than that of
her institutions of learning, her temples
of instruction and her seats of popular
and general education. Conforming to
the requirements of the age of progress
and of advancement, readily appreciating
and acknowledging the fact that a peo
ple, to be free, intelligent and useful,
must be educated, our city government
has sought, by extending a liberal hand,
to foster and promote within our midst
the glorious and beneficent scheme of
popular education. Springfield has said
unto her citizens, educate your children,
instruct your youth, without money and
without price — thus placing within the
reach of all, even the lowest, humblest
and poorest, the greatest blessing a gov
ernment* can bestow — a good and gener
ous education.
In the earlier days of Springfield, ere
her limits bad been extended square
miles, and her population was decidedly
small, the educational facilities were not
of the most magnificent description. No
palatial school houses then reared their
stately fronts within our limits, no school
board supervised the movements of the
educators of youth, and no army of
teachers, patient, toiling instructors of
the youthful mind were to be found
within the boundaries of the city. These
things belong to another day, are part
and parcel of another system, another

order and arrangement of affairs. "The
boys of the period," in those days, ob
tained their supplies of "book larnin"
— meagre and small as they were — from
sources not so high or so grand, but far
different indeed. One of the earliest,
teachers who initiated those boys into
the mysteries of reading and writing,
and led them through the dark myste
rious ways of arithmetic and grammar,
was Beaumont Parks, Esq., (forever sanc
tified be his memory.) Plain and "simple
as the most artless boy under his direc
tion, he was one of the best, most honest,
and conscientious of teachers. Filled
with a love of his profession, imbued
with a strong desire to instruct the heart
and mind of the youth committed to his
control, that they might walk aright the
pathway of life, he labored faithfully
and diligently to discharge his duty.
Possessed of a fine cultered mind, and of
attainments decidedly rare in those days,
he pursued his unostentatious calling,
asking not for public praise or high
sounding plaudits, but only for the sat
isfaction of knowing he had discharged
his duties faithfully and well. Some of
our most influential and prominent citi
zens were his pupils, and the powerful
influence of his teachings have been ex
erted indeed for good. Only a few weeks
ago and he was called hence, full of
honors and of years. And although he
lives not, his deeds remain.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTURING.

55

Rev. Francis Springer, a gentleman of
fine attainments and ability, was another
pioneer in the cause of education. He
taught as early as 1839. In 1847 the
Southern Theological and Collegiate In
stitute was chartered and organized
at Hillsboro, and he was elected
President, which position he retained
until 1855. In 1844 Mr. Springer
assumed charge of the Springfield
Academy, and continued until 1847.
In August, 1856, he was elected Principal
of the First Ward School, and elected
Superintendent of city schools in 1860.
Rev. John F. Brooks, and A. W. Esta-
brook, Esq., were also early teachers, and
for years were teaching at the Springfield
Academy. Mr. Brooks opened a select
school for young ladies on "Science Hill,"
South Fifth street, and Mr. Estabrook
assumed control of the Third Ward
School. The first school in Springfield was
taught by Andrew Orr, in 1821. Eras-
tus Wright, Esq., followed him; and he
was succeeded by Hon. Thomas Moffitt.
The school at that time, numbered about
SO pupils. His last term was in the old
original court house. In 1828, a school
house of rough logs was built near the
corner of Adams and Second streets.
This building also served for a church
and other public purposes. Mr. John B.
Watson taught here until 1834. In 1830,
Hon. John Calhoun conducted a school
in another part of the city. After that
time several small private schools were
established, by Miss Jane C. Bergen,
and Miss Chapin, and until March
1st, 1839, were the only schools in the
city. Beaumont Parks, Esq., taught a
private school from 1840 to 1853.
During the session of 1839 a joint stock
association was formed, and the act to
incorporate the "Springfield Academy"
passed and approved. The following
gentlemen constituted the first Board of
Directors ; Washington lies, F. Web
ster, Jr., S. T. Logan, J. F. Rague, N.
H. Ridgley, Robt. Allen and Charles R.

Matheny. Under their direction a fine
brick building, on 5th, between Market
and Monroe streets, was built and at
once opened. In the fall of 1840, Rev.
John F. Brooks, who was a thorough in
structor, took charge of it. In 1863 the
school ceased to exist.
The Southern University was removed
from Hillsboro and located here in 1852,
with 166 pupils. Rev. Francis Springer
was elected President, and served until
the 'fall of 1855. The University, after
many trials, is again in successful opera
tion. It is hoped this institution will
be again placed on a firm and reliable
footing. Mr. W. Faucher, an energetic
and well qualified teacher, now has
charge of it.
By an amended charter, approved
March 2, 1854, the city was erected into
the Springfield School District, and the
city council authorized to establish and
maintain free schools, for the education
of all white persons between the ages of
five and twenty-one. It was also em
powered to appoint a board of seven
school inspectors. In accordance with
this charter, an ordinance carrying it in
to effect was passed August 21, 1854.
Preparations for erecting schools were
at once made, and the First and Third
Ward school houses completed in the
spring, and opened the 14th of April,
1856. The First Ward was under the
control of Mr. Springer, the Third Ward
under A. W. Esterbrook, Esq. The other
ward schools were carried on in the
basements of the Baptist and First Pres
byterian churches.
At a meeting of the School Board,
July 16, 1857, it was determined to con
fine instruction in the ward schools to
the common English branches, and to
recommend the formation of a High
School. The school buildings in the Second
and Third Wards were completed and
opened, the 20th of September, 1858.
Twenty-two teachers were at that time
employed. In November of the same

56

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

year the office of City Superintendent of
Schools was created, and G. M. Cutcheon
appointed to that position. At a meet
ing of the School Board, held December
21, 1858, it was determined to establish
a school for colored children. A build
ing on North Fifth street was procured,
and Mr. Thomas York took charge of
the school. Its session began January
10, and embraced 13 pupils.
The School Board, in full session, on
the 27th of July 1857, established the
City High School. Beaumont Parks,
Esq., was appointed Principal; the school
was organized and held in a small build
ing. In 1858 it was transposed to the
Fourth Ward school house. The present
High School
building was
comme need
and comple
ted in the
summer o f
1865, at a co?t
to the city of
$65,000. It is
certainly one
The Hjgh School Building. of the finest
and most substantial buildings of the
kind in the State, and is indeed an orna
ment to our city.
The city now contains one magnificent
High School building, four good ward
school houses, and a flourishing school
for colored children, which numbers
about 110 pupils. The High School is
one of the best institutions of learning in
the State. Its course of study is thorough
and complete, comprising all the higher
branches taught in any public school. It
is in the hands of competent instructors,
and its influence is decidedly beneficial.
Below will be found the names of Prin

cipals of schools and the average attend
ance at each :
High School.— Prof. E. P. Frost,
Principal. Three assistants. Average
number of pupils attending, 180.
First Ward — J. O. Sampson, Princi
pal. Six assistants. Average number of
pupils, 380.
Second Ward — A. J. Smith, Principal.
Ten assistants. Average number of
pupils, 602.
Third Ward— C. F. Wilcutt, Princi
pal. Seven assistants. Average number
of pupils, 480.
Fourth Ward— James A. Mitchell.
Principal. Ten assistants. Average
number of pupils, 620.
Colored School — Miss M. F. Jones,
Principal. One assistant. Number of
pupils, 110.
The School Board is as follows : Hon.
A. L. Knapp, President, Dr. John L.
Million, John O. Rames, Hon. Wm. E.
Shutt, Charles A. Helmle, Charles Ridg
ley, Dr. T. W. Dresser, Rev. J. K. McLean
and Dr. B. M. Griffith.
The City Superintendent is J. C. Ben
nett, Esq., a gentleman of rare attain
ments, a most successful teacher, and an
energetic business man. In his hands
are the interests of the city schools well
placed. His administration will redound
to his honor, and the profit of the cause
of education in our city. The teachers
of the city schools are well worthy th e
positions assigned them and the trust
bestowed. They will compare with any
teachers in any city east or west. Under
these auspices who can doubt the pros
perity and influence of our school sys
tem, who can question its great and val
uable workings? No one can, but must
reach the conclusion that our public
schools are the brightest jewels in the
crown of Springfield's glory.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTURING.

57

INDEPENDENT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.

BETTIE STUART INSTITUTE.
Numerous efforts have been made in
Springfield, at various periods of its ex
istence, to establish an institution of
learning, in which the daughters of its
citizens, after having availed themselves
of all the advantages to be derived from*
the common schools, could pursue their
studies in the higher branches of learn
ing without passing away from the
parental guardianship.
In the early part of 1868,Mrs. M. McKee
Homes opened a private boarding and
day school for young ladies and children.
The building in which her school opened
was not suitable for the purpose, but she
organized each department in regular
order at the beginning, with a corps of
eight teachers, and during the first year
admitted seventy-five pupils. The citi
zens of Springfield were not slow to per
ceive Mrs. Homes' ability to manage an
institution for the education of their
daughters, and began^to feel the impera
tive necessity of providing suitable build
ings to accommodate the school.
To accomplish this, a few of the public-
spirited citizens, in the month of July,
1869, effected an organization under the
general laws of the State of Illinois for
the incorporation of academies. About
this time it became known that the resi
dence of C. C. Brown, Esq. , could be ob
tained upon very advantageous terms
for such a purpose. Funds were raised
to the amount of $25,000, the property
secured, and measures taken to erect the
necessary additional buildings. The in
stitution was named for Mrs. C. C. Brown,
deceased, who was a daughter of the
Hon. John T. Stuart, and in memory of

her it was called the Bettie Stuart In
stitute. With the addition of the new building,
the entire edifice is ninety feet front,
seventy-five feet deep and two and a half
stories high, making as symmetrical a
home for a young ladies' collegiate insti
tute as though it had originally been
designed for the purpose. It has capaci-
to to accommodate about two hundred
pupils. The second year, the average attend
ance was nearly doubled and the num
ber of instructors increased to eleven.
The institntion is now in the last half of
the third year, and is increasing in use
fulness and efficiency. All the teachers
and a limited number of the pupils
board in the institution, where they are
under the influences of a Christian Home.
The ability of the instructors, the
methods of teaching and the high stand
ard of scholarship, place the Bettie
Stuart Institute on an equality with the
best schools for young ladies in the west.
The first term of each year commences on
the first Wednesday in September, which
for the current year is the sixth day of
the month. Persons wishing to know
more of the school, can do so by address
ing either of the following board of
trustees. Hon. John T. Stuart, John
Williams, Esq., Jacob Bunn, Esq., Hon.
J. C. Conkling, John A. Chesnut, Esq.,
G. W. Chatterton, Esq., Dr. A. W.
French, Gov. John M. Palmer, or Mrs.
M. McKee Homes, Principal, Springfield,
111. SPRINGFIELD BUSINESS COLLEGE.
This institution has been in operation
about eight years. During that time
hundreds of young men have pursued

5S
the necessary studies within its walls to
enable them to pass immediately from
the College into the arena of business
and keep accurate records. An extended
scholarship in this College is good in
any school of the great "International
Business College Association."
The present proprietor, Mr. S. Bogar-
dus, is a graduate of the Illinois State
Normal University, at Bloomington,
which is the best guaranty that he is
well qualified for the discharge of the
duties he has assumed.

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND
enable him to enter successfully upon al
most any branch of business.
The utility of a good, thorough school
of this kind is acknowledged by all re
liable business men, and the citizens of
Springfield may well be proud of their
own Business College.
saint Joseph's ursuline convent
Was established in the year 1855, at the
corner of Mason and Fifth streets. The
buildings were burned in the winter of
1868. A new location was secured, out
side the city limits, on the line of North
All the common English branches are % Fifth street, and in 1866 a fine large edi-

taught in this College, but when the pre
paratory studies have been successfully
pursued. Special attention is given to
the full Commercial Course, in which the
following branches are represented, viz :
Stock and Partners, Jobbing and Im
porting, Farming, Administrator's Busi
ness, Commission, Forwarding and Re
ceiving, Steamboating, Railroading and
Banking. We find the College has offi
ces fitted up for the transaction of va
rious branches of business, and after the
student has mastered the theoretical
work, he or she opens and transacts a
month's business and closes one set of
books in retail transactions, one in job
bing and importing, and one in commis
sion and forwarding, with real merchan
dize, as it is done in practical business.
Besides the above, there is a partial
course to accommodate those whose cir
cumstances do not admit of their taking
a full course.
Telegraphy is taught, not in theory
only, but practically, with the best of in-
stuments. The learner is taught to send
and receive communication, take down,
clean and set up a battery, and all other
information necessary to qualify him for
managing an office.
In short, a young man with the neces
sary preparatory studies and of ordinary
labilities, after taking a full course in
this institution, has a capital that wili

fico was erected, at a cost for grounds and
buildings of about $75,000.
It has in regular attendance from fifty
to seventy-five scholars, and from ten to
twelve teachers.
Rev. Mother Mary Joseph, Lady Su
perior. LUTHERAN UNIVERSITY.
This institution was organized in 1847
at Hillsboro, Montgomery county, and
chartered by the General Assemby that
winter. It was denominated the Hills
boro Collegiate and Theological Insti
tute. Rev. Francis Springer, of this city,
was elected President, and served until
1855. In 1852 the college was removed
to Springfield, and the present college
building erected at a cost of $30,000.
Upon the resignation of Mr. Springer,
Rev. Mr. Harkey succeeded, and acted
as President until he was succeeded by
Rev. W. M. Reynolds, D. D., who termi
nated his connection with the institution
in 1855. Owing to the division in the
Lutheran church, this college has been
seriously embarrassed and its workings
materially impeded. It is hoped, how
ever, that these troubles will soon termi-
nate,and that the University will be again
placed on a firm basis. Mr. W. Fychon,
a teacher of much merit and experience,
now has charge of the educational de
partment, and is well qualified to dis
charge the duties of the position.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

59

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS OF SPRINGFIELD.

THE SPRINGFIELD HOME FOR THE FRIEND
LESS.
By Mr. J. A. Chesnut.
The origin of this institution may be
traced to a conversation in the year 1862,
between two citizens of Springfield, both
now deceased. In that conversation Dr.
Lathrop said to Hon. Antrim Campbell
that he knew of fifty children in one
neighborhood, within the city, needing
charitable aid. This information moved
the ever charitable mind of Mr. Camp
bell to seek and put in operation some
plan of relief for these and other chil
dren of the city in like condition.
Mr. Campbell, to carry out the plan of
relief he had matured, applied to the
Legislature for an act to incorporate a
board of lady managers of an institution
with the above title. The act was duly
passed, and approved on the 12th of
Feb'y, 1863.
The ladies named in the act who were
to serve as managers until the first Mon
day in January, 1864, were : Mrs. Eliza
Pope, Mrs. Mercy Conkling, Mrs. Louisa
Draper, Mrs. Susan Cook, Mrs. Lydia
Williams, Mrs. Elizabeth Bunn, Mrs. Har
riet Campbell, Miss Ann Eastman, Mrs.
Maria Lathrop, Mrs. Mary Hay, Mrs.
Catharine Hickox, Mrs. Mary Ann Den
nis and Mrs. Elizabeth Matheny.
The act of incorporation made Hon. S.
H. Treat, first President ; Geo. Passfield,
sr., first Vice-President ; Geo. P. Bowen,
first Secretary; and Jacob Bunn, first
Treasurer. The second section of the charter de
clares the object of the incorporation to
be " the relieving, aiding and providing
homes for friendless and indigent women
and children."

Any person may become an annual
member by payment of one dollar ; and
may become a life member by payment
of ten dollars at one time.
The corporation is authorized to re
ceive and hold, either by gift, purchase,
devise, bequest or otherwise, any real or
personal estate in aid of its objects.
The board of managers is the legal
guardian of all children placed in its
charge, according to the charter, and
may bind them out to any honorable
trade or employment.
The father, if living and crippled, may
surrender his child to the Home. If he
has absconded, or is otherwise incapable,
the mother can make the surrender.
In certain cases, the Judge of a Court
of Record, the Mayor of the city of
Springfield, or any justice ot the peace
within the city, may make such surrender.
This is not a Home exclusively for or
phan children, but for friendless and indi
gent children. It is not intended to be a
permanent Home, but a place of tempo
rary refuge and provision, and until
other good homes can be procured for
them. The first meeting under the act of in
corporation was held at the residence of
Hon. J. C. Conkling, on the 9th March,
1863. At this meeting both Judge Treat
and Mr. Passfield declined the offices for
which they had been named in the char
ter ; thereupon S. H. Melvin was elected
President, and James Campbell Vice-
President. The board being now organized, began
arrangements for procuring ground and
building. Major E. lies donated an en
tire square on South Grand Avenue, be
tween 7th and 8th streets. A subscrip-

60

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

tion was started among the citizens, and
the sum of $5,620 was obtained. This
was supplemented by a contribution from
the city of $2,000, and by the county of
Sangamon $5,000.
In the spring of 1864, a building com
mittee was appointed, consisting of An
trim Campbell, Col. John Williams, John
S. Bradford, J. S. Vredenburg, John
Armstrong and John A. Chesnut. At
the request of this committee, Mr. E. E.
Myers, architect of this city, prepared a
design and drawings for a building,
which was approved by the committee.
The building is three stories, with
Mansard roof — is of brick, tasty propor
tions, and well built. It affords accom
modations for about 200 children.
The house was finished and occupied
early in the year 1865. The value of the
ground was estimated at $8,000, and the
entire cost of the building was about
$20,000. The house was erected under
the superintendence of Messrs. Sutton
and Runyon.
In the year 1868 Mrs. R. E. Goodell
asked and obtained leave to lay out the
grounds into walks, and to ornament
them with shrubbery — all of which was
handsomely done. While she took the
leading part in this improvement, she re
ceived assistance from other citizens.
The grounds are now beautifully orna
mented, and the streets, on every side,
set with elm shade trees. The house is
supplied with water from the city water
works. On the first of May, 1864, the mana
gers opened "The Home" in a rented
house, on North Fifth street. Mrs. Nancy
M. Britton was the first matron. About
60 children were received, and most of
them placed in homes during the first
year. The Home has now been open for just
seven years, and there have been between
900 and 1000 children recp.ived into it.
There are, at this date, 31 children. Be
sides these, the greater number of those
received have been placed in homes of

comfort and positions of thrift and use
fulness. Some have died, some have been
taken away by their families, and a few
have preferred the freedom of out door
life, and have departed without leave.
There are, at present, in the Home,
eight aged and otherwise indigent women,
some of whom have been its inmates for

The benefits of this institution have
been quite beyond measurement by the
dollars and cents employed in its erection
and the support of its helpless inmates.
It requires an average of $4,000, per an
num, to meet its current expenses. This
involves a heavy responsibility upon the
officers and managers. It requires work ;
but that has been cheerfully given. The
Board of Supervisors of the county has
treated the Institution with generosity.
Every year they have voted considerable
sums in aid of it. Indeed, it is doubtful
whether it could have been sustained
through these years without their friendly
aid. The ladies deserve great credit for
their enterprise in getting up fairs and
in procuring private subscriptions, etc.
Much has been contributed to its treasury
by musical concerts, lectures, etc., etc.
The public, pretty generally, have acted
towards it as if the little ones in the
Home were their respective wards. Some
mechanics have made liberal donations
on their bills, for work done — especially
is this true of Mr. R. B. Zimmerman.
Dr. Townsend, Dr. Barrell and Dr. Ro
man have bestowed faithful professional
services, without a dollar of compensation.
A benevolent lady of this city is putting
up window blinds at this time, which
will cost several hundred dollars. Mr.
Thomas Strawbridge, Mr. George Judd
and Mrs. Mary Lyons have been very
liberal in their contributions. And these
are only a few of those who have distin
guished themselves in the same way.
Mrs. James C. Conkling has been one of
the managers, from the first to this pres
ent day, and has ever borne a most re
sponsible and pains-taking part. The

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

61

present Board of Managers consists of the
following ladies : Mrs. J. C. Conkling,
Mrs. J. A. Chesnut, Mrs. Louisa Dresser,
Mrs. R. B. Zimmerman, Mrs. J. Stonebar-
ger, Mrs. N. V. Hunt, Mrs. J. Bunn, Mrs.
Wm. Jayne, Mrs. Isaac Keys, Mrs. Jacob
Foster, Mrs. J. D. Wickersham, Mrs. Jo
seph Wallace, Mrs. John Prather, Mrs.
Harvey Edwards, Miss A. Clinton, Mrs.
Mary Lyons, Mrs. J. D. Roper, Miss Sue
Bradford, Mrs. B. H. Ferguson, Mrs. Dr.
Townsend, Mrs. C." W. Matheny, Mrs. R.
P. Abell, Mrs. R. D. Lawrence and Mrs.
L. H. Coleman.
The officers are : S. H. Melvin, Presi
dent ; J. A. Chesnut, Vice-President ;
J. S. Bradford, Treasurer ; J. W. Lane,
Secretary. There is, at present, a vacancy in the
office of matron. Miss S. M. Doane is the
teacher, and has present charge of the In
stitution. HOME FOR FALLEN WOMEN.
Nearly every reader of these pages has
heard of George Muller, and how he has
sustained his Orphans' Home in England,
for so many years, without asking aid
from any human being. It inspires us
with more exalted ideas of the ever-mer
ciful Father, to contemplate the life of
faith and prayer that is brought into ex
ercise while thus engaged. Few, com
paratively, of the citizens of Springfield
are aware that a similar work has been
progressing in their midst for more than
three years. It is for their information
that I write this article.
Having learned that there was an insti
tution in the city for the purposes indi
cated by the heading of this article, I
sought out the Christian gentlemen who,
I was told, could give me all the infor
mation on the subject. He said he wish
ed to have a little time to think. It was
then mutually agreed that he should pre
pare a written statement and drop it in
the post office, to my address. He did
that which was more gratifying to my
feelings- - by delivering it in person.
—9

I ran my eye over the paper and then
asked, "Who are these six friends of fallen
humanity that inaugurated this work ?"
He replied substantially and somewhat
diffidently, "that it would probably be
more agreeable to their feelings not to be
named, and, consulting his own feelings,
it would be decidedly preferable to leave
all nameless ; that whatever good had been
done, the honor belonged not to men but
to God."
On being assured that my only aim was
to mention the work in such a way as to
enlist others who had not given any aid,
and that I wished to say just what would
be agreeable to the founders of the Institu
tion, it was definitely settled that no
names were to be mentioned.
As he was about leaving the room, I
suppose he thought of the noble Christian
woman who is laboring with such unsel
fish devotion to elevate her fallen sisters,
and turning half round, said : "There is
the matron  ." Then, as if the
thought of mentioning no names returned,
he passed out.
They ask none but God for help ; it
may be that He expects you to respond
for Him. That is for you to decide, after
reading the statement below. Although
no names are given, if you desire to assist
you can easily find the location of the
HOME AND HOSPITAL FOR FALLEN WOMEN,
"Situated at the south-east corner of
Twelfth and Cass streets. This place of
refuge was found to be a necessity, by a
few persons who had been led to visit
the houses of sin in our city, to tell the
glad tidings of salvation to those who
had fallen, by their own and others' sins,
into this fearful and abandoned position.
These girls, most of them young, were
without any settled place of abode, hav
ing forfeited their homes by their own
acts ; they now looked forward only to
a life of increasing wickedness, dissipa
tion, degradation, and a hopeless eternity.
Some were found who longed to get
back into a better life. In order to do

62

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

this they must have a home to start from
— a home that would be to them all that
their their own should have been — a good
mother to care for, instruct, nurse, and
again oring them back to a love of virtue
and to God, and above all lead them to
Jesus, who is able to save to the utter
most all who come to God by him. In
this way, only, could they be fitted to re
turn to their homes, or make an honor
able living elsewhere, become useful in
life and happy forever, instead of being
a curse to themselves and the world.
With the view of providing this indis
pensable aid to these vicious and neglect
ed girls, whom the Saviour loves, six of
His and their friends, without society or
organization, bought this pleasant home
and ample grounds, and on the 4th of
May, 1868, had it comfortably furnished
and opened, to receive all of this class
who would come with proper motives.
This Home has also been a lying-in
hospital for children born out of wed
lock, and by this means has almost inva
riably saved those young, often cruelly de
ceived mothers, from a life of open shame.
Since opening, our Home has been twice
enlarged and another building rented,
and at times all have been full. Since
the purchase of the building no one but

God has been asked for a dollar, and yet
we have lacked nothing. Every want
has been supplied and every anxiety re
moved—all has been voluntarily given.
God has, through this humble Home,
brought many weary souls from a life of
shame into his own rest, and has said to
many here, "Go, and sin no more."
The total number received during our
three years existence has been two hund
red and thirty-five. Of these one hund
red and eighty were women, the princi
pal part of whom were under twenty
years of age. Fifty-five children have
been inmates of the Home, twenty-five of
whom were born there, and all except
two illegitimate.
The family has averaged thirty persons
from the beginning. A maj ority of those
who have been members of our family
are doing well, many of whom have been
returned to their friends. Several have
married, and others are making good
livings, in different occupations, by their
own efforts.
Our hospital department has been gra
tuitously attended by two of our city
physicians, and medicines have been gra
tuitously furnished by one of our city
druggists."

PUBLIC LIBRARIES.

SPRINGFIELD LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
Was incorporated under the general
laws of the State, March 15, 1866. The
library was opened to subscribers Feb.
23, 1869, with a catalogue of 1,300 vol
umes. The number of books now in the
library is about 3,500. The amount of
money expended in the purchase of
books and fitting up the library is some
thing over $5,000. Dr. Samuel Willard
was librarian from the time it was opened

until Sept. 1, 1870, when he resigned,
and Miss. E. Gertrude Seaman was chos
en to occupy that position:
The capital stock authorized by the
articles of association is $20,000. Fifty
dollars paid at one time constitutes the
person paying the same a life member,
and secures the use of the Library,
and one vote during life. Shares of
stock are ten dollars. A stock holder
can have the use of the Library and one

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

63

vote, by paying three dollars annually.
Persons who are neither stock holders
or life members can have the use of it by
paying five dollars annually. The selec
tion of books includes the very choicest
works of reference, history, geography
and travels, biography, theology, ethics,
ecclesiastical history, philosophy, politi
cal science and education, science and
art, poetry and drama, novels, juvenile
works and general literature.
The directors are Charles Ridgely, E.
F. Leonard, George N. Black, F. H.
Wines, B. M. Griffith and C. L. Conk
ling. The officers are Geo. P. Bowen, Pres't;
George H. Harlow, Vice Pres't.; Tingley
S. Wood, Treasurer ; Samuel T. Dresser,
Recording Secretary ; Calvin H. Flower,
Corresponding Secretary ; Miss E. Ger
trude Seaman, Librarian.
GERMAN READING ASSOCIATION
Was founded in 1866, and has four
thousand volumes in the library, princi
pally in the German language. H. Wei
sel is the Librarian.
CATHOLIC INSTITUTE ASSOCIATION.
The Catholic Institute Association and
Debating Society, was organized in
1868. The library contains over one
thousand standard works, comprising
many rare and valuable publications, and
constant additions are being made there
to. The Library Club numbers fifty mem
bers, and holds its sessions weekly. The
, A ssociation, also, has fifty members.
The following are the officers of the
Association : William White, President;
J. A. Kennedy and Ed. Ryan, Vice Pres
idents ; Richard Barry, Recording Secre
tary ; Charles Crowley, Corresponding
Secretary ; P. O'Connor, Treasurer ;
Thomas ullen, Librarian ; P.J. Rourke,
Agent. ILLINOIS STATE LIBRARY.
This Library is designed for the use of
the officers of State, members of the Leg
islature, etc., they being the only parties

allowed to take books away from the Li
brary. Any citizen, however, can visit
the Library and consult any work there.
It contains 2,536 volumes of miscella
neous works, and about 7,000 volumes
of the publications of the United States
and of the several States, including copies
of all the publications of Illinois. This
makes the library proper about 10,000
volumes. These, with surplus copies of
Illinois publications and incomplete sets
of duplicate miscellaneous works, swell
the number to 38,142 volumes, in the
care of the Librarian.
The catalogue of miscellaneous books
comprise some choice selections of works
of reference, history, biography, philoso
phy, science and art, and a small num
ber of volumes in the German language.
The State department contains the
colonial laws of many of the old thirteen
States ; laws of the Territory and State
of Illinois ; laws of the Congress of the
United States, with Senate and House
reports ; reports of the United States
census ; Congressional Globe, etc., etc.
This library is at present in a room on
the first floor of the old State House, at
the west side, and is in the custody of
the Hon. Edward Rummel, Secretary of
State, who is ex officio State Librarian.
THE LAW LIBRARY
Is the property of the State also. It
is in the old State House, on the first
floor and the north-east corner room. It
contains about 5,000 volumes, composed
of the reports of the United States
Courts, and of the Supreme Courts of the
several States ; text books, digests and
statutes, and English, Irish and Scotch
reports. There is also a great number of Con
gressional Documents, American Ar
chives, Secret Journals of Congress, and
a small number of miscellaneous books,
among which are Appleton's Cyclopedia
and the Encyclopedia Brittanica. This
Library is also in the care of the Secre
tary of State.

64

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR OFFICERS.

MASONIC BODIES.
Springfield No. 4. — R. J. Coats, W. M. ;
Henson Robinson, S. W. ; Geo. Edwards,
J. W. ; Wm. Lavely, T. ; J. B. Hammond,
Secy. ; L. F. Dyson, S. D. ; Jno. Smith,
J. D. ; Jas. Watson, Tyler.
Central No. 71.— Chas. Fisher, W. M. ;
C. C. Cromwell, S. W. ; Richard Young,
J. W. ; N. Bateman, T. ; Harry C. Wat
son, Secy. ; Z. A. Enos, S. D. ; J. H. Fan-
cher, J. D. ; J. Watson, Tyler.
Tyrian No. 333.— J. C. Reynolds, W.
M. ; S. H. Claspill, 8. W. ; B. W. Ayers,
J. W. ; O. H. Miner, T. ; John B. Saye,
Sec; John F. Burrill, S. D. ; J. D. My
ers, J. D. ; J. Watson, Tyler.
St. PauVs No. 500.— L. H. Bradley,
W. M. ; A. L. Knapp, S. W. ; B. S. Ed
wards, J. W. ; John Peters, T. ; E. R.
Roberts, Secy. ; J. F. McNeil, S. D. ; J.
Bradley, J. D. ; J. Watson, Tyler.
Springfield Royal Arch Chapter No. 1.
— John F. Burrill, H. P. ; Richard Young,
K. ; J. McBurnett, S. ; S. H. Claspill, C.
of H. ; Z. A. Enos, P. S. ; R. S. McGuire,
S. ; Wm. Lavely, T.
Springfield Council No. 2. — J. C. Rey
nolds, T. I. G. M. ; R. J. Coats, Dept. T.
I. G. M. ; J. F. Burrill, P. C. W. ; O. H.
Miner, T. ; John B. Saye, Secy. ; B. F.
Caldwell, Capt. of Guard; S. H. Clas
pill, Cond'r; A. R. Robinson, Sentinel.
Elwood Commandary No. 6, K. T. — R.
L. McGuire, E. C. ; J. B. Hammond,
Gens. ; W. A. Turney, C. G. ; L. B. Smith,
Recorder ; J. S. Fisher, T. ; ¦ Richard
Young, S. W. ; T. G. Gorman, S. W. ; J.

L. Crane, Prelate ; L. Rosette, Warden ,-
Dwight Brown, S. B. ; John P. Baker,
Sword Bearer; G. Burkhardt, Sentinel.
ODD FELLOWS ORGANIZATIONS.
Sangamon Lodge No. 6. — Wm. Stadden,
N. G. ; W. A. Duggins, V. G. ; H. O.
Bolles, R. S. ; J. D. Roper, P. S. ; John
A. Hughes, T. ; Ed. Henderson, W. ;
Chas. Freitag, I. G.; John Wolfe, 0. G.;
Wm. Kirby, Conductor.
/. 0. 0. F. — Teutonia Lodge. — Joseph
Saul, N. G. ; Jacob Eberlin, V. G. ; Fred.
Weiss, R. Secy. ; S. Hecht, P. Secy. ; G.
Burkhardt, Treas.
Prairie State Encampment No. 16. — J.
D. Roper, C. P. ; S. J. Willett, H. P. ;
John Wolfe, S. W. ; John A. Hughes, J.
W. ; L. F. Dyson, Scribe ; J. C. Beam, T.
Knights of Pythias — Capitol Lodge No.
14.— J. D. Roper, W. C. ; S. J. Willett,
V. C. ; E. N. Dangerfield, V. P. ; J. H.
Hull, R. S. ; A. T. Smith, F. S. ; John A.
Hughes, B. ; A. E. Rae, I. S. : C. DeCamp,
O. S. ; A. E. Henkle, G. ; S. J. Willett,
J. B. Hammond and J. L. Hudson, Trus
tees. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers —
Division No. 23. — George R. Hough, C.
H. Button, F. E. ; E. T. Harris, S. E.
P. Teal, F. A. E. ; A. Marney, S. A. E.
H. Hamilton, T. A. E.; J. M. Smith,
Guide ; B. Mallard, Chaplin.
Emmis Lodge No. 67, Independent Order
Beni Berith. — L. Benjamin, Pres't ; R.
Springer, V. P. ; S, Rosenwald, M. ; S.
Redlich, A. M. ; M. Myers, W. ; M. A.
Long, Secy; G. Frisch, T. ; M. Myers, S.
Rosenwald and M. A. Long, Trustees.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTURING.

65

SOME OF THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS, WITH THE
COST OF CONSTRUCTION.

UNITED STATES BUILDINGS.
Court House and Post Office . . .$320,000
STATE INSTITUTIONS.
The Governor's Mansion  $100,000
State Arsenal and grounds  25,000
COUNTY BUILDINGS.
Court House  $ 16,000
County Jail  7,570
CITY IMPROVEMENTS.
South Market, corner Fourth and
Monroe streets  $ 40,000
North Market, corner Fifth and
Madison streets  22,000
City Hall and Lot.  7,000
First Ward Engine House ..... 5,000
Second Ward Engine House  10,000
High School  65,000
1st, 2d, 3d and 4th Ward School
Houses, $25,000 each  100,000
The following list gives the cost of
the churches and independent school
buildings : OHTTROHES.
First Presbyterian  $30,000 00
Second "  80,000 00
Third "  65,000 00
Congregational  18,000 00
Episcopal  518,000 00
First Baptist  20,000 00
Second "  15,000 00
First Methodist  30,0u0 00
Second "  7,000 00
Church of Immaculate Conception  30,000 00
Church of St. Paul and St. Peter  20,000 00
SCHOOLS Ajn> COLLEGES.
St. Ursuline Convent  75,000 00
Bettie Stuart Institute  40,000 00
St. Paul's College and grounds  30,000 00
RESIDENCES.
Hon. B. S. Edwards  $ 50,000
Ex-Gov. J. A. Matteson  150,000
Hon. J. C. Conkling  50,000
C. M. Smith  45,000

C. W. Matheny  $ 30,000
S. H. Melvin  20,000
Hon. S. T. Logan  30,000
Jesse K. Dubois  25,000
David Littler  30,000
Col. John Williams  20,000
Jacob Bunn  35,000
Thos. Ragsdale  30,000
Wesley. Kimber  25,000
O. M. Sheldon  20,000
Geo. W. Chatterton  20,000
Isaac H. Gray  18,000
John H. Johnson  30,000
O. M. Hatch  20,000
E. S. Fowler  20,000
Hon. J. A. McClernand  20,000
G. A. Sutton  20,000
Hon. S. M. Cullom  „  20,000
Geo. M. Brinkerhoff  35,000
N. H. Ridgely  45,000
E. L. Baker  45,000
James L. Lamb  ,  30,000
J. A. Chesnut  50,000
W. A. Turney  20,000
Mrs. G. Jayne  10,000
S. H. Jones  20,000
B. Stuve  20,000
C. A. Gehrmann  20,000
John Cook  25,000
Jacob Foster  10,000
A. J. Babcock  8,000
Dr. John Brown  8,000
T. S. Little  15,000
W. B. Corneau  18,000
Geo. Woods  20,000
R. Rudolph  • 18,000
Mrs. N. Strott  15,000
C. E. Lippincott  12,000
L. Smith  10,000
Robt. Officer  '... 12,000
Hon. J. H. Beveridge  12,000

66 SPEINGFIELD,
T. J. Dennis  $ 12,000
Geo. L. Huntington  15,000
J. T. Smith  20,000
Hon. N. W. Edwards  45,000
B. F. Fox  30,000
Hon. N. Bateman  10,000
H. N. Edwards  10,000
Geo. N. Black  20,000
John E. Roll  10,000
R. M. Ridgely  10,000
Mrs. E. Wright  10,000
Hon. A. Starne  15,000
E. Payne  10,000
Dr. Wm. Jayne  18,000
Hon. E. Rummel  10,000
Noah Mason  12,000
Wiley Brasfield  10,000
Hon. Wm. Butler  20,000
Speed Butler  15,000
Hon. Sharon Tyndale  15,000
R. F. Ruth  15,000
D. L. Phillips  25,000
Below will be found a few of the fine
buildings recently erected in the county :
COUNTRY RESIDENCES.
Jacob Foster  $ 10,000
W. B. Huffaker  28,000
David A. Brown  15,000
Dewitt Smith  10,000
George Merriman  10,000
George Turley  10,000
HOTELS.
Leland  $350,000
St. Nicholas  100,000
Chenery  40,000
Revere  40,000
American  40,000
Western  -.-  35,000
Everett  35,000

ILLINOIS, AND
Annexed will be found the valuation
of the principal public buildings of
Springfield : BANKS.
Springfield Marine and Fire Ins . $ 50,000
J. Bunn's Banking House  45,000
Springfield Savings Bank  25,000
Ridgely National Bank  25,000
First National Bank  20,000
State National Bank  20,000
BUSINESS BLOCKS.
Kimber & Ragsdale, Adams st..$ 60,000
Conkling's, Monroe, bet. 4th and
5thsts...;  65,000
Conkling's, cor. Monroe and 5th 20,000
Cook's, 6th, between Adams and
Washington  45,000
Cook's, Monroe, bet. 5th and 6th 25,000
Keuchler, Edwards & Ferguson 40,000
Carpenter's  30,000
S. T. Logan's  20,000
Harts, Bates & Kimball  30,000
Springer's.  50,000
E. L. Baker's  30,000
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS,
Home for the Friendless, build
ing and grounds  $ 30,000
POUNDEIES.
JStna, J. C. Lamb  $ 40,000
Excelsior, Berryman & Rippon. 25,000
MANUFACTORIES.
Springfield Watch Factory  $ 75,000
Springfield Woolen Factory  75,000
Springfield Planing Mill  40,000
Booth & Son, Wagon Factory. . 40,000
Withey & Bro., Wagon Factory 30,000
PLACES OP AMUSEMENT.
Springfield Opera House  $125,000
Springfield Skating Rink  16,000

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

67

OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES, STATE, COUNTY AND CITY,
TRANSACTING BUSINESS IN SPRINGFIELD.

UNITED STATES OPPICEES.
Judge U. S. Supreme Court, assigned to
7th Circuit.— Hon. David Davis, Bloom-
ington. Judge TT. S. Circuit Court. — Hon
Thomas Drummond, Chicago.
Judge of United States Court. — Hon.
Samuel H. Treat, Springfield.
Marshal. — John L. Routt.
Assistant. — J. E. Hill.
Cleric District Court. — Geo. P. Bowen.
Clerk Circuit Court. — John A. Jones.
Attorney.' — Blufbrd Wilson.
Register in Bankruptcy. — Lawrence
Weldon. United States Commissioners. — L. B.
Adams, Geo. P. Bowen, F. W. Cole, A.
W. Wood, M. B. Converse.
Assessor. — Edward L. Baker.
Assistants. — John P. Baker and Jesse
W. Bice.
Chief Clerk.— B. W. Briggs.
Collector. — John T. Harper.
Deputy Collector. — H. C. Latham.
Chief Clerk.— A. L. Smith.
Pension Agent. — W. Jayne.
Chief Clerk.— -T. W. Chenery.
Register of the Land Office. — W. F.
Elkin. Receiver of the Land Office. — George N.
Black. Post Master. — J. L. Crane.
Chief Clerk— S. B. Moody.
Custodian U. S. Court Souse.— E. L.
Baker. Janitor. — A. R. Robinson.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Court— Regular Terms : First
Monday of January and first Monday of
June.

District Court. — Regular Terms : First
Monday of January and first Monday of
June. Special Admiralty Terms. — First Mon
day of every month.
SUPREME COURT JUDGES.
Chief Justice. — Charles R. Lawrence.
Judges. — Hon. Sidney Breese, Carlyle ;
Hon. Pinkney Walker, Rushville ; Hon.
John M. Scott, Bloomington ; Hon. J. K.
McAllister, Chicago ; Hon. Benjamin R.
Sheldon, Galena ; Hon. Anthony Thorn
ton, Shelbyville.
Clerk. — Wm. A. Turney, Springfield.
STATE OFFICERS.
Governor. — John M. Palmer.
Lieut.- Governor. — John Dougherty.
Secretary of State. — E. Rummel.
Auditor. — Chas. E. Lippincott.
Treasurer — E. N. Bates.
Superintendent of Public Instruction. —
Newton Bateman.
Adjutant- General. — H. Dilger.
Assistant Secretary of State. — Geo. H.
Harlow. Private Secretary to the Governor. — E.
B. Harlan. COUNTY OFFICERS.
Judge. — Hon. John A. McClernand.
Clerk of Circuit Court. — Chas. H. Lan-
phier. Clerk of the County Court.— N. W. Ma-
theny. Probate Judge. — A. N. J. Crook.
Sheriff.— A. B. McConnell.
Coroner. — Ed. Bierce.
Jailor. — Martin Tincher.
Superintendent of Public Schools. — War
ren A. Burgett.

68

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

CITY OFFICERS.
Mayor. — John W. Smith.
Clerk. — Frank Fleury.
Treasurer. — George W- Krodell.
Assessor and Colhctor. — Jas. Taylor.
Marshal. — Thomas White.
Street Supervisor. — John Nelch.
Attorney. — Thomas G. Prickett.
Comptroller. — E. R. Roberts.
Market Masters. — Wm. Alexander and
Charles Lorsch.
Fire Warden. — Wm. Sands.
City Engineer. — James M. Bourne.
Aldermen. — First Ward : Frank Hud
son, Frank W. Tracy, Ralph J. Coates.
Second Ward : Hobert T. Ives, Maurice
Fitzgerald, C. A. Helmle. Third Ward :
John S. Bradford, Henry N. Alden, H.
S. Dickerman. Fourth Ward: R. M.
Ridgely, Obed Lewis, Lyman Sherwood.
BOARD OF TRADE.
President. — S. H. Melvin.
1st Vice-President. — J. S. Vredenburg.

2d Vice-President. — A. Nolte.
Secretary. — W. B. Cowgill.
Treasurer. — F. W. Tracy.
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.
President.— John T. Stuart, Jr.
Recording Secretary. — Jas. Fairchild.
Treasurer. — C. J. Salter.
Vice-Presidents. — Geo. W. Ingalls and
H. N. Keener, M. D.
Executive Committee. — Jno. T. Stuart,
Jas. Fairchild, C. J. Salter, J. W. Ingalls,
H. N. Keener, E. A. Wilson.
GRAND ARMY OF REPUBLIC.
Springfield Post. — E. B. Harlan, Post
Commander ; L. C. Reiner, Sr. Vice Post
Com ; W. P. Emery, Jr. Vice-Post Com. ;
G. S. Dana, Post Adjutant ; D. C. Brink-
erhoff, Post Quartermaster ; Rev. D. F.
Carnahan, Post Chaplain; N. B. Wig
gins, Officer of the Day ; Chas. Layton,
Officer of the Guard.

BUSINESS HOUSES AND FIRMS IN SPRINGFIELD.

There is no pretensions made towards
giving all the mercantile business of the
city, but the following notices comprise
some of the principal houses and firms :
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.
C. R. Post sells about $65,000 worth
of agricultural implements, annually.
His supplies come from manufactories in
New York, Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana
and Illinois. Mr. Post also buys and
ships, each year, about $50,000 worth of
grain. His place of business is near the
depot of the T. W. & W. railway.
Frank R. McConnell deals in agri
cultural implements and farm machinery.
His supplies are brought from Michigan,
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. His sales
amount to from $40,000 to $50,000 an

nually. Corner Monroe and Eighth
streets. Staley & Troxell deal largely in all
kinds of agricultural implements, farm
machinery, and field and garden seeds.
Annual sales from $25,000 to $30,000.
Washington street, between Fourth and
Fifth. Besides those above named there are
several other firms whose main business
is dealing in agricultural implements,
and still others who have them in con
nection with hardware stores, stove and
tin ware stores, feed stores, etc., etc.
In another part of these pages will be
found a statement of the aggregate
amount of sales of all kinds of agricultu
ral implements, for one year, in Spring
field.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

AGENTS OF ALL KINDS.
INSURANCE.
Hill & Flower. — Among the institu
tions of the city may be classed the insu
rance agency of Messrs. Hill & 1 lower,
who have fine and commodious rooms
just opposite the Post Office. Mr. J. S.
Hill, the senior partner, is, with one ex-.
ception, the oldest insurance agent in
the State, having entered the business in
1836. Since 1845 Mr. Hill has been en
gaged in insuring in this city. His first
company, which he still retains (the old
est in the State and among the best), was
the Illinois Mutual. Mr. Hill is well
and favorably known by all our citizens.
Mr. Flower has been engaged in the in
surance business since 1864. Prior to
that time he was engaged in teaching
school, but was compelled to abandon
that occupation on account of poor health.
He is a tip top business man, and deser
vedly popular. This firm represent the
New York Mutual Life, the largest and
best company in the world, also the old
est in America. Messrs. Hill & Flower
also represent the following fourteen fire
insurance companies, which they chal
lenge the world to produce their equal
for reliability, safety and promptness.
Below will be found the list.
JEtna, Hartford, $5,738,635 ; City Fire,
Hartford, $548,287 ; Hartford, Hartford,
$2,737,519 ; Home, New York, $4,578,008 ;
Manhattan, N. Y., $1,407,788 ; Market,
N. Y, $704,684; Merchants, Hartford,
$540,000 ; Merchants, Chicago, $878,252 ;
North American, Hartford, $546,563;
New York Mutual Life, gross assets
nearly $45,000,000; Phoenix, Hartford,
$1,738,921 ; Security, N. Y, $1,880,333 ;
Springfield F. & M., Mass., $936,400.
A. W. Coleman is the General Agent
of the Globe Mutual Life Insurance Com
pany of New York. This company is
sues registered policies, which secures a
guarantee from the State of New York
for re-insurance in the event of a failure
of the company. The Globe Mutual of-
—10

fers all the advantages of any other first
class life insurance company, and Mr.
Coleman is one of the most reliable in
surance men in this part of the country.
His office is on Monroe street, opposite
the Post Oflice.
Grant & Burrill, in the old Post Of
fice building, are also extensively en
gaged in the insurance business. Both
are well known and popular agents.
Their business is quite large, and they
aim to give satisfaction to each and every
customer. They represent nine compa
nies — eight fire and one life. Among
their fire companies is the Sangamo, a
home institution of Springfield.
Hughes & Smith are also largely en
gaged in the business of insurance. They
represent some of the best companies in
the United States, and always adjust the
losses of the companies they represent.
E. B. Hawley is agent for the ^Etna
Life Insurance Company of Hartford, one
of the old established companies. It
gives all the advantages any other first
class company does.
Thomas Lewis is Manager of the Illi
nois State Department of the Atlas Mu
tual Life Insurance Company of St.
Louis, Mo. This company has abolished
all restrictions on travel, in any part of
the world. express companies.
E. D. Judd is agent for the American
Merchants Union. Oflice on Washington
street, between Fifth and Sixth.
J. W. Carter is agent for the United
States Express Company.
real estate agents and abstract
WRITERS.
Edward A. Wilson is the well known
agent of the Charter Oak Life Insurance
Company, of Hartford, Conn. For the
last five years he has held that position,
and in his hands the interests of the
company have been well guarded and
advanced, as the records of his business
fully demonstrate.

10

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

Mr. Wilson is also one of our heaviest
Real Estate Agents, and has now upon
his books for sale over $300,000 of choice
city and country property, embracing
some of the most desirable property to
be found in this section of the country.
Parties in the East, having money to
loan on first-class security, will consult
their interests by transacting their busi
ness through Mr. Wilson. He can invest
money in real estate worth three times
the amount of loan, secured by deeds of
trust, without cost to the loaner. Mr.
Wilson's well-known business capacity
and character afford the best guarantee
that all business intrusted in his hands
will meet the most careful and prompt
attention. Latham & Enos. — H. C. Latham and
P. P. Enos give their entire attention to
buying and selling real estate, paying
taxes and making abstracts of deeds.
Should you desire information respect
ing the title of any piece of real estate
in Sangamon county, they will give you
every link in the chain, if it is perfect,
or if there is a defect they will tell you
just where it is. They are perfectly re
liable. Oflice, Monroe street, between
Fifth and Sixth.
Gen. T. S. Mather is one of the old
est real estate and loan agents in town.
He sells property, rents houses, farms,
etc., pays taxes and performs all other
business pertaining to the land and real
estate agency. Gen. Mather was raised
in Springfield and is well known by our
citizens and business men, and has been
carrying on the business for about seven
years. AUCTION AND COMMISSION MERCHANT.
Frank Myers, successor to the late
firm of H. C. Myers & Son, ia one of the
largest auction and commission merchants
in the State, outside of Chicago. The
firm of H. C. Myers & Son was establish
ed in 1861, and at once became an im
portant and enormous business. For
the last thirty-five years Mr. H. C. Myers

has been engaged in selling goods in
Springfield, and was universally esteem
ed and a great favorite. Upon his de
cease, in January last, Mr. Frank Myers
— son and surviving partner of the de
ceased—took entire control of the busi
ness, and is now carrying it on in a high
ly successful manner. The entire estab
lishment, from the celler to the garret,
is stocked with goods ; and everything
usually kept in such a line of business can
be found on hand. The yearly sales of
this house are about, $100,000 and the
amount of capital invested foots up
$20,000. ATTORNEYS OF SPRINGFIELD.
Stuart, Edwards & Bbown. — Hon.
John T. Stuart, Benjamin S. Edwards
and Christopher C. Brown.
Cullom, Zane & Marcy. — Hon. Shelby
M. Cullom, Chas. S. Zane and Geo. O.
Marcy. J. C. & C. L. Conkling. — James C.
Conkling and Clinton L. Conkling.
Herndon & Orendorff. — Wm. H.
Herndon and Alfred Orendorff.
John E. Rosette & Bro. — John E.
Rosette and L. Rosette.
Harvey & Wolcott. — Charles D.
Harvey and Richard Wolcott.
E. L. & W. L. Gross. — Eugene L. Gross
and William L. Gross.
Matheny & McGuire. — James H.
Matheny and Robert L. McGuire.
Hay, Greene & Littler.— Milton Hay,
Henry S. Greene and David P. Littler.
Broadwell & Springer, — Wm. M.
Springer and Norman M. Broadwell.
Robinson, Knapp & Shutt. — James C.
Robinson, Anthony L. Knapp and Wm.
E. Shutt.
Morrison & Patton. — C. M. Morrison
and James W. Patton.
Prickett & Hamilton. — Thomas G.
Prickett and L. F. Hamilton,
Bradley, Olden & Bradley. — L. H.
Bradley, W. P. Olden and J. K. Bradley.
Charles A. Keyes.
William E. Morrison.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

71

Charles H. Rice.
William M. Fowler.
William Prescott.
Samuel D. Scholes.
Parke E. Temple.
J. A. Kennedy.
J. S. Stevens.
Bernard Stuve;
Thomas C. Mather.
Wm. J. Conkling, War Claim Agent.
The bar of Springfield is admitted to
be one of the most talented in the West.
We append a few running remarks, with
reference to individual members, and
firms: Hon. John T. Stuart, of the firm of
Stuart, Edwards & Brown, is the oldest
practicing attorney in Springfield. He
was the preceptor and first law partner of
Abraham Lincoln, has been three times
elected to Congress, is president of nearly
half a dozen organizations for advancing
the interests of Springfield, and still re
tains his position in the front rank of his
profession. He is one of the few men
who know how to grow old gracefully.
Hon. B. S. Edwards is a son of Hon.
Ninian Edwards, the former territorial
Governor of the State and one of the first
United States Senators, after Illinois was
admitted into the Union. Upon the cre
ation of Sangamon county into a judicial
circuit, Judge Edwards was the first
judge, having been elected without any
opposition. He is a very able lawyer.
Mr. C. C.Brown, the junior member, is
a thorough, honest and conscientious at
torney. As a legal adviser he has but
few equals at the Springfield bar.
Hon. E. B. Herndon is one of the oldest
practicing lawyers in the city. He bears
a high rank, and is justly considered one
of the ablest minds in the legal fraternity.
Hon. Shelby M. Cullom, of Cullom,
Zane & Marcy. was one of the most faith
ful and energetic representatives in Con
gress the Eighth District ever had. He
devotes the same talents and energy to
his profession. Mr. Cullom is a working
man, and occupies the responsible posi

tion of President of the State National
Bank. PIon. James C. Conkling, senior mem
ber of the firm of J. C. & C. L. Conkling,
father and son, is one of the most ener
getic and public spirited citizens Spring
field can boast of. All public improve
ments meet his hearty sanction and sup
port, and the magnificent buildings by
him erected during the last five years
will stand as enduring monuments of his
liberal public spirit. Mr. Conkling has
filled many important public positions in
the State.
The firm of Herndon & Orendorff is a
very able one. Mr. Herndon, now grow
ing old, was a member of the firm of
Lincoln & Herndon. After the death of
Mr. Lincoln he associated with him Mr.
Alfred Orendorff, a young and promising
attorney, who is now the active member
of the firm. Herndon & Orendorff still
occupy the old office of Lincoln & Hern
don. John E. Rosette, of Rosette &Bro.,
is a man of talents, and justly occupies a
prominent position as a member of the
Springfield Bar. He is considered the
best criminal lawyer in the city.
Harvey & Wolcott are rapidly work
ing their way to the head of the profes
sion. E. L. & W. L. Gross are young men,
who, in addition to the regular practice
of the profession, commenced, in 1867,
the work of compiling the Statutes of
the State of Illinois, and' after years of
study and arduous labor, the result was
a volume containing all the laws of the
State then in force. By successive revis
ions they have brought the work down
to the present time, and " Gross' Stat
utes" are now the official standard in
all the courts,
Meeting with success in their first pub
lication, they have continued their labors
and are now furnishing the legal profes
sion with the following works :
Index to all the Laws of the State from
its Organization down to 1860.

72

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

The Criminal Code of Illinois: a Digest
of Statutes and Decisions, relating to
Crime and its Punishment. The Stat
utes and decisions under, them are placed
side by side.
Illinois Legal Directory : a Record of
the Courts of Illinois, with the name of
every practicing lawyer in the State. It
is published quarterly, with corrections
to date.
Organic Laws of Illinois, containing
the act and deed of cession by Virginia,
Ordinance of 1787, Constitution of the
United States, and the three Constitu
tions of Illinois.
Attorney's Business Docket. It is a
day-book, journal and ledger combined,
and always posted.
Labeled envelopes, for filing papers ; a
great convenience.
the firm of Matheny & McGuire, possesses
fine legal attainments, and as an orator is
Col. J. H. Matheny senior member of
excelled by none in the country. He is a
Springfielder, to "the manor born," and
is known to nearly every person in this
portion of -the state.
Milton Hay, of the firm of Hay, Greene
and Littler, is one of the oldest and most
reliable attorneys at the bar. Ho was a
" member of the late Constitutional Con
vention, and left the impress of his mind
upon that valuable instrument. He is
a deep, earnest thinker and his legal
opinion has much weight.
Judge Broadwell, of Broadwell &
Springer, has held many responsible posi
tions in public life, and filled them most
acceptably. Hon. Wm. Springer is one
of the representatives from this county
to the General Assembly. This firm has
a high position among the profession.
Robinson, Knapp & Shutt do a large
amount of business. Hon. James C.
Robinson is the member of Congress
from this district, and has also represen
ted the Seventh District, and is an old
and efficient lawyer. Hon. A. L. Knapp
has been a member of Congress, and is a
gentleman of clear legal mind and ability.

Hon. Wm. E. Shutt has filled the office
of Mayor of the city of Springfield, and
is a promising young lawyer.
Mr. C. M. Morrison, of Morrison &
Patton, is Prosecuting Attorney for this
district, and is an able lawyer. Mr.
Patton is young, studious, and promises
to occupy a good position in the profes
sion. Mr. Chas. A. Keyes is Master in Chan
cery of Sangamon county ; Hon. Wm.
Prescott was formerly Probate Judge;
and Chas. H. Rice is one of the represen
tatives to the General Assembly.
Besides the above mentioned names,
Springfield has a number of young and
promising attorneys, who are zealously
working their way to the front rank in
the profession. Among them are many
who are truly worthy to follow in the
footsteps of the illustrious lawyers who
have heretofore and are now shedding
such glory upon the bar of Springfield.
BANKS.
N. H. Ridgely, of this city, is proba
bly the oldest banker in the State of Illi
nois, having commenced the business of
banking in the year 1829, as an officer of
the St. Louis branch of the United States
Bank, of which Nicholas Biddle was
President. He came to Springfield in
1845 to accept the office of cashier of the
State Bank of Illinois. At the time of
its failure he was appointed one of the
trustees to wind up its affairs, which
position he held until the final settle
ment. In 1852, he organized the Clarke
Exchange Bank in this city, which was
wound up in 1854, when he began pri
vate banking on his own account.
In 1858, his son Charles, and after
wards his son William, became associated
with him, and the business was carried
on under the firm name of N. H. Ridge
ly & Co. In 1866 the Ridgely National
Bank was organized, with a paid up
capital of $100,000, with authority to in
crease it to $500,000. A surplus has
since been accumulated which makes the

its advantages foe MANUFAOTUEING.

real working capital of the bank $250,-
000. By its last report its loans and dis
counts were about $500,000, and its de
posits about $400,000.
In connection with this bank there is
a savings department, in which deposits
to any amount are received on the terms
usual with savings banks, and interest
allowed at the rate of six per cent, per
annum. The bank also deals in foreign
exchange, and latterly has been paying
special attention to the purchase and
sale of county, city and township bonds,
and negotiation of loans on real estate.
The officers of the Ridgely National
Bank are N. H. Ridgely, President;
Charles Ridgely, Vice President ; Wm.
Ridgely, Cashier.
J. Bunn's Banking House. — Mr. Bunn
is one of the oldest bankers in this sec
tion of the State, and iS'One of the best
known business men in the city. Mr.
Bunn began banking on the 1st of Jan
uary, 1851, at the corner just east of his
present banking house, in the building
occupied by J. & J. W, Bunn, grocers.
In 1858 he erected the elegant bank build
ing which he now occupies, on the south
west corner of the square, at a cost of
$25,000. The business transacted by
Mr. Bunn is very large and extensive in
its various ramifications.
First National Bank was organized
December 12th, 1863, and commenced
operations May 1st, 1864, with a capital
of 125,000, The capital was increased
July 1st, of the same year, to $150,000,
and the following January to $200,000.
On January 1st, 1871, it was increased to
$400,000. It had on hand on the first
day of May, 1871, a surplus fund of
$65,000. The business of 'this bank for the year
1870, shows an average deposit account
of from $600,000 to $700,000. Amount
of money loaned during the year, about
$2,500,000 ; number of persons to whom
loaned, about 800; average amount
loaned to each person, $3,000, and aver
age time, sixty days. The First National

73
Bank pays interest on long time deposits
but ' has no savings department. Its
officers are among the best known, and
most popular in the banking depart
ment. They are as follows : John Wil
liams, President ; Elijah lies, Vice Presi
dent ; Frank W. Tracy, Cashier ; John
Williams, Elijah lies, George N, Black,
A. P. Williams, C. W. Matheny, N. W.
Matheny and J. C. Henkle, Directors.
Springfield Marine and Fire Insur
ance Company was chartered with a
clause permitting it to transact a bank
ing business. It has never availed itself
of any other provision in its charter than
banking. Capital, $100,000, with a con
tingent fund of $90,000.
The Springfield Savings Bank was
incorporated by the General Assembly of
Illinois, with special rights and privi
leges, Feb. 28, 1867. Its capital stock
was fixed by that act at $100,000.
From time immemorial, institutions
for the accumulation and custody of
money have been regarded as something
in which the rich only were or could be
interested. A century ago the thought
that a man who did not count his wealth
by thousands, could have been interested
in a bank would have seemed preposter
ous. The idea originated from pure
benevolence, and in all their essential
features they are eleemosynary institu
tions. In the year 1798, some wealthy,
benevolent gentleman in one of the man
ufacturing districts of England, volun
tarily offered to receive from working
people, in their neighborhood, such sums
of money as could be spared from their
earnings, and return the same at Christ
mas, with the addition of one-third of
the amount. This addition was not in
tended as interest, for it is not likely
those gentlemen made any use of it, but
it was merely a bounty for economy.
The circumstance, however, suggested
the thought of combining business with
benevolence, and since that time Savings
Banks have been established in all civi
lized countries. Men who have made the

71

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

subject of finance a study, form corpora
tions by subscribing sufficient stock to
afford security, and then receive, from
day to day and from week to week, a por
tion, be it small or great, of the wages of
the day laborer, or any other person of
limited means, giving a promise to return
it at a fixed time with an additional
amount as intere"st.
By these institutions the weak and
timid are assisted to provide against fu
ture want, while the strong man, whose
appetites may lead him astray, can re
move the cause of temptation, and at the
same time provide for future emergencies.
The Springfield Savings Bank has been
unusually successful from the beginning,
having now more than four thousand de
positors, with an aggregate balance of
nearly half a million dollars, and is pay
ing its depositors over $1000 interest every
month. In addition to its Savings depart
ment it does a general banking business.
Its officers are, S. H. Melvin, President ;
C. A. Helmle, Vice-President ; J. A. Ches
nut, Cashier ; T. S. Wood, As't Cashier.
state national bank.
The State National Bank was organ
ized under the United States banking law,
November 11th, 1870, and began ope
rations January lst,T871.
The officers are, Hon. S. M. Cullom,
President ; A. M. Sims, Vice-President ;
S. H. Jones, Cashier; and Joseph W.
Lane, Teller.
The amount of capital stock is one
hundred and fifty thousand dollars, with
power to increase it to one million. It
is designed to increase the capital fifty
thousand dollars more, on July 1st,
making it then two hundred thousand
dollars. The State National, since its organiza
tion, has been steadily increasing and en
larging its business. Its workings and
operations have proven most satisfactorily
to its owners. The circulation of this
bank is $135,000, its loans and discount
$185,000, and amount of deposits for first
year $100,000.

bakery and confectionery
Henry Hauck, on north Fifth street, is
carrying on a first class bakery and con
fectionery. His business is large and
growing, and he makes the best of cakes,
pies, bread, etc.
Charles H. Long has a bread and
cracker bakery in constant operation.
He also deals in groceries, both staple
and fancy, and yankee notions.
David Hickey is one of the oldest con
fectioners in town, and is well known to
all our citizens. He has constantly on
hand a choice stock of confectionaries,
toys, fruits, etc., and is still in his well
known bakery, South Sixth street.
Jacob Sterneman has been carrying on
a bread bakery in Springfield for a num
ber of years. He is now having a steam
engine and other appropriate machinery
made preparatory to putting in operation
a steam cracker bakery, on an extensive
scale. BOOK STORES AND NEWS DEPOTS,
John H. Johnson. — This well known
and favorite establishment is the oldest
book store in the State, it having been
established in the year 1837. Since that
time but two changes have been made in
the firm. The old firm of Johnson &
Bradford was known all over Illinois, and
its reputation and business standing was
always A No. 1. Upon the withdrawal
of Capt. Bradford, Mr. Johnson took en
tire control, and under his administra
tion the house has fully sustained its
high standing. He has now in store a
choice and elegant stock of books and
stationery, comprising everything kept in
a first-class book store, and is prepared
to offer special inducements to purchasers.
Capt. J. S. Bradford is one of the old
landmarks in the book and stationery
business in this city, having been en
gaged therein, in company with J. H.
Johnson, since 1841, until about one year
ago. The firm of Johnson & Bradford
was one of the best known and popular

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTURING.

75

ones in this section, and was indeed
" household words." They built up an
enormous trade, and were justly noted
for integrity and fair business dealing.
Having spent over a quarter of a century
together, they concluded they were old
enough to " go it alone," and they dis
solved partnership over one year ago,
Shortly after, Capt. Bradford opened his
present elegant establishment in the old
Post Office. He has now one of the best
selected stocks in the city, and his large
and increasing business shows the high
esteem entertained for him by the people
generally. P. W. Harts commenced business in
the month of October, 1865. He runs
two distinct branches of mercantile busi
ness in one establishment. Having one
of the finest and largest store rooms in
the city, he keeps a full line of Drugs,
Medicines and Fancy Articles on one
side, and an equally fine assortment of
Books and Stationery on the other. Mr.
Harts is one of the most energetic and
thorough-going business men in the west.
His annual sales amount to about $40,-
000. His store is at the south side of
Capitol Square.
Mrs. Mary R. Faith keeps a book
store for the sale of Catholic books, al
most exclusively.
0. H. McGraw is the oldest News
Dealer in the city, and from a small be
ginning has built up a good business.
Mr. McGraw has all the late papers and
publications of the day upon his coun
ters, and is always up with the times.
He also has a small and carefully selected
stock of Books, and other articles in
his line, and all other necessaries for a
first class News Depot.
8. Brown, east side of Capitol Square,
has all the late papers and periodicals.
His counters are always filled with good
reading matter. He has, also, a good
stock of fresh Fruits and Confectionery
always on hand.

BOOT AND SHOE DEALERS AND MAKERS.
Walter Ordway has been engaged
for the last ten years in selling boots and
shoes on the north side of the square.
Mr. Ordway came from Kansas City, Mo.,
at the commencement of the "late un
pleasantness," and opened in the small
frame building now occupied by Chas.
Stern, the clothier. From that begin
ning he has largely increased his trade,
and now occupies one of the finest store
rooms on the north side. His facilities
for business are not surpassed. His sales
amount to about $65,000 annually.
John E. Roll came to Sangamon
county June 7, 1830, and settled at the
town of Sangamo, where he helped Abra
ham Lincoln build a flat boat, which he
ran out of the Sangamon river into the
Illinois, and out of that into the Missis
sippi, and down that stream. Mr. Roll
came to Springfield soon after and has
been an active business man to the pres
ent time. He has done much to improve
the place, having built a dozen or more
of the best residences in it, besides doing
a large merchantile business. He is now
engaged in the boot and shoe trade with
W. V. Roll & Co., north side of square
J. C. Latham, successor to Latham &
Co., is very extensively engaged in the
boot and shoe trade. Mr. Latham pur
chases his goods of the manufacturers,
bays very extensively for cash, and is
able to present great inducements to pur
chasers. His stock embraces the finest
and cheapest goods, selected expressly
for the trade, of this city and county. Mr.
Latham has a stock of $30,000, and his
yearly sales amount to about $70,000.
A. Ensel sell boots and shoes to the
value of $30,000 per year. Mr. Ensel
has been in the business in this city but
for a short time, yet he has built up a
large and growing trade.
Sims, Smith & Co. have recently en
gaged in selling boots and shoes, having
purchased the large stock of goods re
cently owned by F. George & Son, north

76

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

side of the square. The gentlemen com
posing this firm are old and prominent
citizens, Capt. J. W. Smith having been
sheriff of this county and mayor of the
city, which position he is now holding
for the third time. Sims, Smith & Co.
have a large stock of goods and are con
stantly adding thereto, and are selling a
large amount of boots and shoes.
Sidney Lanphear employs a compe
tent corps of workmen and uses none
but the best of materials. He makes
every description of boots and shoes to
order, and warrants satisfaction in every
respect. Mr. Lanphear holds the exclusive
right to use the celebrated Plummer
last. For ease, comfort and firm support
to the foot, a boot or shoe made on this
last is far superior to any other, as the
writer can testify from actual experience.
Mr. L. has every other description of
last for making plain and fancy boots.
Fifth street, between Washington and
Jefferson. contractors and builders.
Messes. White & Welleh formed a
partnership and commenced business as
contractors and builders, February 1,
1870. They were both practical mechan
ics of wide experience before forming a
partnershsp, and they give their personal
supervision to all work entrusted to their
care. They are in possession of unusual
facilities for executing work in their
line promptly and economically ; and
being enterprising and reliable, their
business is rapidly 'on. the increase,
They give special attention to the
erection of dwellings, churches and school
houses, and furnish plans and specifica
tions for this class of buildings, of mod
erate cost, on short notice and reasonable
terms. They also make to order school furni
ture, and are prepared to furnish the
products of others in that line, at manu
facturers prices.
W. D. Richardson is the contractor
on the Lincoln Monument, and steadily

prosecuting this beautiful work. The
pavement around the capital square,
which bears his name, and which he laid
last year, is an evidence of his skill and
genius. He is emphatically a driving
business man, and his success has been
well deserved and worthily earned. Mr.
Richardson is prepared to take contracts
for any work demanding skill, labor and
money, and if a railroad to the moon
was to be built, he would undertake the
contract and carry it through if such a
thing was possible.
crockery and glassware.
B. H. Ferguson deals in crockery,
glassware and house furnishing goods
generally. His goods are partly imported
and partly from American manufacturers.
It is a real pleasure to visit his store. It
is forty-seven by eighty-five feet, with a
high ceiling and kept with the most
scrupulous neatness. He sells at both
wholesale and retail, the business amount
ing to about $40,000 annually.
There are two other crockery and
glassware stores in the city.
CIGARS AND TOBACCO.
Behner & Bierbaum, opposite the
Postoffice, deal in Cigars, Tobaccos and
Snuff. They have a large stock of these
articles constantly on hand. They also
deal in Confectionery, Fruits, Nuts, etc.
CONFECTIONERY AND FRUITS.
James M. Fitzgerald, Manufacturer
of Confectionery and Dealer in Foreign
Fruits, Nuts, Wines and Fancy Groce
ries, west side Square. His stock of for
eign fruits is at all times very large and
choice, and embraces everything usually
found in first class houses. Mr. Fitzger
ald's establishment is one of the finest in
the country, and is a credit to the city of
Springfield. clothiers and merchant tailors.
T. S. Little has been engaged in the
Clothing business in this city for about
twenty-seven years, and is one of the
largest dealers. In addition to a heavy
stock of fine clothing and gentlemen's

ITS advantages foe manufacturing.

77

furnishing goods, he cariies on a very ex-
tensiveMerchant Tailoring establishment.
Mr. Little still occupies the old stand on
the South side of Capitol Square.
Woods & Henkle deal extensively in
Clothing and Gentlemen's^ Furnishing
Goods, and manufacture fine clothing to
order. Mr. Woods has been doing busi
ness in Springfield since 1830. Mr.
Henkle, for about twenty years. The
present firm has been established about
fifteen years. Their annual sales amount
to about $60,000.
S. Benjamin always keeps a fine stock
of goods on hand, of the latest styles,
and suitable to the season. He also
keeps a full line of gentlemen's furnish
ing goods. His sales amount to about
$30,000 annually.
George A. Evans keeps a full line of
Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods, east side
the Square, near the Court House.
dentist.
C. Stoddard Smith is a graduate of
the Philadelphia Dental College, and en-.
joys a good reputation as an operating
Dentist. Although Dr. Smith has been
in the city but a short time, he enjoys a
good practice. He occupies Dr. A. W.
French's old stand, just west of Bunn's
Bank. Dr. C. G. French is an old and well
known practitioner in Dentistry, having
been engaged in that profession for over
thirty years. He avails himself of all
the newest and most valuable improve
ments in his business, and is a skillful
operator. His practice is constantly in
creasing, which fact establishes his char
acter as a Dentist.
Dr. S. Babcock is a regular graduate
of Medicine, studied Dentistry in New
York, and began its practice in 1842.
Since that time he has been engaged in
it exclusively. Dr. Babcock came to
Springfield in 1860, and has built up a
first class business, which he finds increas
ing. The Doctor has the reputation of
being a skillful Dentist, and is meeting
with much success.
—11

Dr. A. W. French has been practicing
for more than twenty years in Spring-
fiejd. His knowledge of the profession
reaches back to the time when the Den
tist was only expected to replace a tooth
when there were others yet remaining, to
which the artificial ones could be attach
ed by wires or silk ligatures. If all were
gone his services were not called for, be
cause he could do nothing. Then came
the time for holding teeth in place by
wire springs, and finally the new era was
ushered in by the discovery that, when
properly fitted, atmospheric pressure
would hold a full set almost as firmly as
the natural teeth, thus proving that
"The Dental urt
Can every varying tone with ease restore,
And give thee music Bweater than before.1'
Dr. French is one of the best mechan
ical Dentists in the West, and thoroughly
understands the use and comparative
value of all the different kinds of mate
rial used in the art. In.addition to this,
he has, by his writings, done much to ad
vance the general interests of the profes
sion ; and, as a natural consequence, has
subserved the interests of all who are so
unfortunate as to require the services of
a Dentist. Office on Fifth street, at the west side
of Capitol Square.
Dr. Allen Latham, Dentist, Sixth
street, between Adams and Monroe
streets, extracts teeth without pain by
aid of a galvanic battery.
Dr. F. D. Laughlin is a Dental prac
titioner of many years' experience, and is
doing a good practice in his line. He is
located on Ffth street, west side of Capi
tol Square. He appears to thoroughly
understand his profession.
druggists.
J. B. Brown & Co., have one of the
oldest and most extensive Drug houses in
Springfield. They keep on hand an ex
tensive stock of Drugs, Medicines, Paints,
Oils, and all other articles pertaining to
a first class establishment. They do both
a wholesale and retail business, and their
sales extend over a wide territory. This

78

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

house was established in 1860, and is one
of the leading ones in the trade.
Glidden & Co., (successors to S.. H.
Melvin & Co.), is one of the oldest Drug
houses in Springfield, and does a large
trade in Drugs, Chemicals, etc. They
have one of the oldest and best stands,
and sell a large amount of goods yearly.
In addition to their regular Drug and
Prescription business, they are extensive
ly engaged in manufacturing fine flavor
ing extracts.
R. W. Diller commenced business in
the year 1849, as one of the firm of Wal
lace & Diller, which was the oldest estab
lished Drug store in Springfield, and has
continued at the same stand ever since.
The old store occupied by him was de
stroyed by fire in 1858, after which time
he erected the building he occupies at this
date., C. E. Parker keeps a well selected
stock of Drugs^ Paints, Oils, etc., togeth
er with Fancy goods and Perfumery.
He attends to compounding prescrip
tions at all hours, in a most careful and
accurate manner. Sixth street, between
Monroe and Adams.
P. W. Harts keeps Drugs and Medi
cines in connection with his books. — See
Book Stores.
W. R. Beall, Prescription Druggist
corner of Fifth and Monroe streets.
DRY GOODS.
Col. John Williams, of the firm of
Williams & Co., is the oldest dry goods
dealer in the city, having began selling
goods for Major Elijah lies in the year
1824. Col. Williams continued with
Major lies until 1830, when he purchased
the establishment, and has been engaged
constantly in selling goods, up to the
present time. Col. Williams is known to
every man, woman and child in the
county, and during his long years of
merchandizing he has won the good and
kindly opinion of all who know him, and
is to-day one of tho most popular busi
ness men in the community. Col. Wil

liams is also president of the Eirst Na
tional Bank. The firm consists of John
Williams and Geo. N. Black. They deal
in dry goods, groceries and Yankee no
tions, both wholesale and retail. Their
annual sales amount to from $125,000 to
$150,000. Mr. James M. Garland succeeds the
old house of E. B. Hawley & Co., and
more recenty Brinkerhoff & Garland, one
oft he oldest and most favorably known
establishments in Springfield. Mr. Gar
land was junior member of the old house,
is a native of the city, and is now doing
business for himself. He possesses a high
reputation, and has justly won the good
opinion of our citizens. The speciality
of this house is, that nothing but first
class goods are kept, which are marked
in plain figures, at lowest cash prices.
On no account, to affect sales, are goods
misrepresented, and polite treatment to
all customers is the invariable rule. We
can, with pleasure, advise the people of
this and adjoining counties to patronize
this house, when desiring good articles
and strictly honest dealing.
C. M. Smith & Co. are one of the lar
gest dry goods houses in Central Illinois.
The firm is C. M. Smith & John S. Con-
dell. Mr. Smith came, a poor boy, to Il
linois in 1835, and began selling dry
goods at Carrolton, Greene county, in
1837. He removed to this city in 1852,
as one of the firm of Yates, Smith & Bro.
Having purchased the interest of Mr.
Yates, who retired, the present firm was
formed in 1866. Mr. Condell began sell
ing goods in Springfield in 1840, and was
one of the well known and popular firm
of Condell, Jones & Co. Mr. Smith has
been in business for thirty years, has
passed through all the financial troubles
of the country, and has always paid one
hundred cents on the dollar. The credit
of this firm is unlimited, yet they buy
exclusively for cash. Mr. Smith is a
large property holder and identified with
the interests of the city ; and no man has

ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANCTFAOTUBING.

79

more deservedly won advancement in
business. The amount of the capital of
the firm is $80,000, and their yearly busi
ness is very large.
John Bressmer is extensively engaged
in the dry goods trade, at the old Tynsley
corner. Mr. Bressmer has been engaged
in selling goods for the last twenty-two
years, in the same place he now occupies,
and has been doing business by himself
since 1860. He is a well known and re
liable merchant, and does a large regular
business. His yearly sales foot up about
$60,000. Jqhn T. Stuart, Jr., deals in staple and
fancy dry goods, fine millinery, etc. Mr.
Stuart was raised in this city, and is well
known and highly appreciated by all who
know him. Mr. Stuart began selling dry
goods for C. M. Smith & Co., in 1857, and
has been constantly engaged ever since.
In 1863 he opened his present fine estab
lishment, which is always well filled with
the choicest, finest goods in his line.
His sales amount to about $60,000, annu
ally. L. M. Coleman is the successor to the
late firm of Brown & Coleman. This
house was established three years ago, and
has always enjoyed a high reputation.
In Augest, last, the firm was dissolved,
and Mr. Coleman purchased Major
Brown's interest. He keeps a general
assortment of dry goods, from the finest
to the cheapest, and lace goods in end
less variety. The entire second story
is limited to piece goods and carpets —
the stock of the latter being the finest
and largest in the city. The carpet
trade of this house is immense. Mr.
Coleman deals strictly on an honorable,
fair basis, and having permanently settled
here and identified his interest with
Springfield, designs to retain the large
custom he has won by fair upright deal
ing. He employs ten clerks, carries
about $60,000 worth of goods, and sells
over $100,000 worth of goods, per year.
C. A. Gehrmann, dealer in American
and Foreign dry goods, ladies furs, cloaks,

shawls, white goods, millinery, Paris
flowers, bonnets, ribbons, etc., at whole
sale and retail. West side capitol square-
Business amounts to about $60,000, an
nually. Kimber & Ragsdale keep the largest
stock of foreign and domestic dry goods,
of any house in the city. They erected
two magnificent store rooms, which are
thrown into one, on the south side of
the square, at a cost of over $50,000.
They certainly have the largest, finest ar
ranged, and most elegantly furnished
store in the State outside of Chicago.
Mr: Kimber was, for many years, in the
employ of C. M. Smith & Co., and thor
oughly understands his business. They
sell dry goods, carpets, boots and shoes,
etc., and their sales amount to about
$250,000, per year.
Joseph Thayeb & Co. This house
was established in 1835, and is therefore
one of the oldest mercantile establish
ments in Central Illinois. This estab
lishment is one of the reliable old
places of business, for which Springfield
is justly so famous. Nearly forty years,
in one business in the same town, is
about all the recommendation any es
tablishment needs. Messrs. Thayer &
Co. carry a very large and fine stock of
goods, and sell between $75,000 and
$100,000 worth per year.
DOLLAR STORES.
F. J. Wilson keeps one of the most
handsome stores in the city. The variety
is wonderful, and yet there is no article
for which you are expected to pay more
than one dollar. Everybody on visiting
the city, goes to Wilson's Dollar Store,
in the American House block, near the
Postoffice. O. E. Dowe, east side of the square,
sells every kind of gim-crack, from a
penny up to a dollar.
FEED STORE.
S. M. Culvrr, wholesale and retail
dealer in feed, flour, grain and country
produce, grinds grain for feed, and is

80

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

agent for feed mills, feed steamers and
horse powers. Monroe street, near
Fourth. FURNITURE DEALERS.
J. A. Hough came to Springfield in
1839, and has been continuous in the
furniture trade from that to the present
time — thirty-two years. He is without
doubt the oldest furniture dealer in Cen
tral Illinois. His sales amount to about
$30'000 annually.
Mr. G. Westenberger buys part of
his furniture in the white and finishes it
in his own establishment. He employs
five men in manufacturing chiefly on
orders, about one-third of what he sells.
His annual sales amount to about $15,-
000, and his business is increasing yearly.
I. H. Daggett & Co., dealers in furni
ture, stoves, crockery, silver plated ware,
and a general assoatment of house furnish
ing goods, at McCreery's old stand, north
side public square.
H. Williams has been in the furniture
business about seventeen years, and is
still carrying on business at the old
stand, North Fifth street. He deals ex
tensively in furniture of every grade, and
manufactures the same to order. His
purchases are made at Cincinnati, Law-
renceburg, Lafayette and Michigan, he
avails himself of purchasing in the best
markets. He also gives especial atten
tion to undertaking. The sales of this
house amount ta over $15,000 per year.
GROCERS.
John Williams & Co., in addition to
their dry goods trade, carry on an exten
sive grocery house, and offer for sale at
wholesale and retail, a choice stock of
groceries, yankee notions, etc., etc..
J. & J. W. Bunn. — This very extensive
wholesale and retail grocery house was
established by the senior member of the
firm in 1840. This establishment was
originally carried on at the corner now
occupied by J. Bunn as a banking house.
This long term of years makes this one

of the oldest houses in this branch of
mercantile business in Central Illinois.
Mr. John W. Bunn has entire control of
the establishment, and its successful
operation fully attests his business capaci
ty. The sales of this house amount to
the very large sum of between $175,000
and $200,000 annually.
D. Wickersham, dealer in provisions,
and staple and fancy groceries. Mr.
Wickersham has been in Springfield
since 1843. He sold dry goods before
the war, then commanded the Tenth
Illinois cavalry four years. His place of
business is at the north side of Monroe
street, opposite the Post Office.
Saunders & . London — A. H. Saunders
and W. J. London. This firm deals
at wholesale and retail in groceries,
provisions, foreign and domestic fruits,
etc., and buy and sell all kinds of
country produce. The gentlemen com
posing this firm, are old and well known
citizens and energetic men of business.
Their sales amount to about $40,000,
per year.
George S. Connelly, dealer in gro
ceries, provisions, country produce,
foreign and domestic fruits, etc., Monroe
street between Fifth and Sixth. Mr.
Connelly is well known in the grocery
trade, having been engaged for some
time past in selling goods for Capt.
Floyd, and has recently gone in business
for himself. He is now doing a large
business. J. G. Byeeline, the one armed soldier,
at the west side of Fifth street, between
Washington, and Jefferson, deals in
groceries and provisions. He is perfectly
reliable, and gives you the worth of
your money every time.
Edwards, Officer & Co., are among
the heaviest grocery dealers in the city,
and keep constantly on hand a very
large stock of foreign and domestic
groceries, fine fruits, flour and feed,
wines, liquors and cigars. Mr. N. S.
Edwards, is an old grocery merchant
having been successfully engaged in

ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MANUFAOTUEING.

81

that trade several years. Mr. Officer
is an old and well known citizen, and
Mr. J. C. Hall, has been selling groceries
in this city for nearly twenty years.
This firm does a business of about $70,-
000 per year.
John Carmody deals in groceries and
provisions, and always keeps in store a
full stock of staple and fancy goods.
Sales amount to about $20,000 worth
annually. His store is one door south of
Journal office. WHOLESALE GROCERS.
Smith & Hay. — This house was estab
lished by the senior member of the firm,
in the year 1S59. One or two changes
have been made in the business, but it
has steadily grown in magnitude, and
been built up by the most incessant labor
and unwearying energy. It is the first
successful attempt to establish a strictly
Wholesale Grocery house in Springfield,
and its success has only been in propor
tion to its merits. Messrs. Smith & Hay
carry, at all times, a very heavy and com
plete stock of goods, which they offer at
lowest rates. The sales of this house
amount to between four and five hund
red thousand dollars annually.
HARDWARE.
W. B. Miller keeps a very large stock,
and in great variety, of all kinds of
goods belonging to a first class house.
Gives particular attention to all kinds of
Hardware, Carriage Makers' stock, Belt
ing, Packing, Cordage and Tackle Ropes.
Mr. Miller has been in business in Spring
field thirteen years. His sales average
annually from $30,000 to $40,000.
Smith & McKinstry are successors to
E. B. Pease, who commenced the Hard
ware business in Springfield in May,
1838 ; consequently making this the old
est established Hardware house in Cen
tral Illinois. Mr. McKinstry has been
engaged in selling hardware twenty one
years, ten of which have been spent in
Springfield. Mr. Smith was raised in
this county and has lived in Springfield

since 1844. They have an elegant and
well selected stock of goods, and are fully
up to the times, in their line of trade.
O. F. Stebbins has been ten years in
the Hardware business in Springfield, a
portion of that time being connected
with the firm of Warne & Stebbins. He
is now carrying on business alone and
keeps every thing in. his line of busi
ness, and all the latest improvemenls in
every kind of implement. His sales ave
rage about $35,000 per year.
Fox & House deal in everything pur-
taining to the Hardware business. They
keep on hand Wagon and Carriage mate
rials, Blacksmith and Carpenters' tools,
in great variety, and an extensive assort
ment of Rubber Belting. Mr. Fox has
been selling hardware here for nineteen
years, and is the oldest dealer now in the
city. HARNESS AND SADDLES.
J. O. Rames, harness and -saddle
manufacturer, and dealer in saddles,
harness, whips, wool collars, bridles
and every other article in the line of
his business. Fifth street south of
Bunn's Bank.
Busher, Wyatt & Co. are whole
sale and retail dealers in leather and
saddlery hardware, saddles, bridles, col
lars, whips, belting, etc., etc. They
manufacture very extensively, and make
the greater portion of the harness they
sell. Mr Busher, the senior member of
the firm came to Springfield in 1836,
and commenced the tanning, and curry
ing business' on a very extensive scale,
but soon found he was years in advance
of the demands of the country. Since
that time he has been very extensively
engaged in manufacturing and selling
saddles, harness, etc., etc. This firm
carries a large stock, and sells about $50,-
000, worth per year.
R. J. Coats, dealer in and manufac
turer, of fine buggy and coach harness,
leather and saddlery hardware. Corner
Washington, and seventh streets.

82

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

Leland Hotel.
HOTELS.
The Leland Hotel would be consid
ered one of the finest hotels, if it
was in New York City, Boston or Phila
delphia, and has no superior in tha West
ern States. There is no State capital in
the Union that can boast of a finer house.
It is justly the pride of the citizens of
Springfield, and universally admired by
all who visit the capital. To say that it
is first-class does not do it justice, for it
is much more. It was built by a joint
stock company in 1866, and opened to
the public January 1, 1867, by Horace S.
Leland, Esq., the present proprietor. To
say that it is kept by a Leland is a suffi
cient guarantee that it is all that could
be desired by the most fastidious epicure.
This is one of the chain of hotels kept
by the Lelands, beginning with the
St. Charles Hotel — European plan — New
York City , Delavan House, Albany, N.
Y.; Clarendon Hotel, Saratoga Springs,
N. Y.; and Grand Union Hotel, Sarato
ga Springs, N. Y.
Capt. Wiggins, an experienced and
justly popular hotel man, has immediate
charge of the house, and under his super
intendence everything is conducted in
the finest and best of style.
St. Nicholas Hotel. — This fine house
was built in 1856, and has been consider

ably enlarged and much im
proved since that time. It is
easy of access, being but one
square from the depot of the
Chicago and St. Louis railroad,
and yet, is sufficiently retired
to afford all the attractions of
a home to a weary traveler.
It affords accommodations for
about one hundred and fifty
guests, and is first class in all
its appointments. John Mc-
Creery, Proprietor.
The Chenery House is one
of the oldest and best known
hotels in the city. The pres
ent proprietors, W. D. Chenery
& Son, purchased the house of Joel
Johnson, Esq., in October, 1855. Since
that time they expended in additions to
the property, over $20,000. The Che
nery enjoys a high Teputation, and
among the many excellent hotels at the
capital, ranks No. 1. Messrs. John W.
and James Chenery have charge of the
office. This house accommodates about
two hundred guests.
The Western Hotel is situated at
the corner of Third and Jefferson street,
opposite the Chicago and Alton depot.
This house was built in 1868, and being
new, everything is in good condition,
neat and clean. This house is built in
modern style and possesses all the con
veniences of a first-class hotel. It is kept
by the owner, John Shoeneman, Esq.
Besides the above hotels, Springfield
has the American, Everett and Revere,
first-class houses, making a total of seven
hotels, offering the best accommodaiions
for about fifteen hundred persons, be
sides a number of smaller hotels and
boarding houses.
LAMPS AND LAMP GOODS.
Joseph Lefevre & Co. are new men
in the city. They make a specialty of a
single article for lighting stores, dwell
ings etc. It is called Danforth's Petro
leum Fluid, a new article prepared from

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

83

petroleum oil. From a great number of
tests it underwent in my presence I
know that it is absolutely non-explosive.
It gives such a clear steady light as to
make it far preferable to the best gas
light. Messrs Lefevre & Co. deal in all styles
of lamps and lamp goods. Their store is
on Adams street, near the town clock,
HATS, CAPS AND FURS.
Fred Ddsnes, deals in hats, caps,
gloves, furs, and repairs furs, opposite
Bradford's book store, Sixth street, near
the Post office.
J. H. Adams, dealer in hats, caps,
furs, etc., all of the latest styles. He
is the oldest dealer in ttris line in the
city. Store, west side of Capitol Square.
C. Wolf & Co. deal in hats, caps, and
fine fur goods. They keep a large stock
of these goods on hand, together with a
choice stock of gentlemen's furnishing
goods. LIQUOR DEALERS.
G. A. Mayer, wholesale dealer in im
ported wines, liquors, champagnes, Cali
fornia wines, brandies and Kentucky
whiskeys. Monroe street, between Fifth
and Sixth.
Thomas Brady has been engaged in
business in Springfield since 1853. For
the last fifteen years he has devoted his
attention exclusively to the wholesale
liquor trade, and has built up a very ex
tensive business. He deals in fine wines,
liquors and everything pertaining to this
branch of business. Adams street, south
side of the square.
H. E. Mueller, importer and whole
sale dealer in all kinds of liquors. His
place of business is at the Opera House.
J. B. Fosselman came to Springfield
in 1850, was six years in the drug busi
ness and eleven years in the grocery
trade, wholesale and retail. He was the
first, or among the first, to send out
traveling agents to solicit business, to
build up wholesale trade in Springfield,
and in war times found the business

very successful. He is now in the whole
sale liquor trade on Fifth street, north
of the square. lumber yards.
Schuck & Baker deal in pine, poplar,
ash, oak and wagon lumber, and in sash,
doors, blinds and all other materials used
in building. Their sales amount to
about $80,000 annually. Their yard is
near the depot of the T. W. & W. rail
road. Vredenburg & Eilson sell lumber to
the value of about $65,000 annually.
J. S. Vredenburg is the oldest lumber
merchant in the city, having been in the
trade about sixteen years. His annual
sales are about $90,000. His lumber
yard is near the C. A. & St. L. railroad
depot. E. S. Johnson also has a yard near the
same depot, making four establishments
whose annual sales foot up between
$250,000 and $300,000.
MARBLE yards.
Joseph Baum is properly a sculptor,
having served a regular apprenticeship in
the ancient city of Cologne. He was in
South Carolina when the rebellion broke
out and lost nearly all his property. His
yard is at the corner of Jefferson and
Fourth streets, where he is prepared, to
do all kinds of Marble and Stone cut
ting. Adam Johnson is an old dealer in
Marble. His sales for the last five years
have been about $18,000 annually.
MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.
G. W. Chatterton keeps a fine assort
ment of Pianos from the most celebrated
manufacturers ; also, other kinds of Mu
sical Instruments and Music. He keeps
his musical instruments in connection
with his fine stock of Watches and Jew
elry ; which see.
J. M. Pearson is one of our oldest
dealers in Music and Musical Instruments,
He has recently removed into new quar
ters, where he always has on hand a full
supply of Bradbury's Pianos, Organs and

84

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

other Musical instruments. He also has
for sale H. Knauff & Son's Church
Organs, which are universally conceded
to be the very best instruments of their
kind. They are selected with much care,
and parties desiring a truly first class in
strument can always be accommodated.
Mr. Pearson makes a specialty of keep
ing imported Music, and always has the
latest and choicest. He has, at all times,
the latest publications of J. Schuferth
& Co., and all other late and fashionable
music for the Piano. This department is
very full at all times, and all the musical
gems can here be found.
Mr. William Pearson occupies the
same building. He deals very extensive
ly in fine Pictures and Picture Frames,
and has for sale some of the choicest
works of art. A visit to, and examina
tion of, his establishment, will amply
repay any one possessing a love of the
beautiful in art, and an appreciation of
that which is refined and elegant. The
citizens of Springfield should take pride
in supporting and encouraging this es
tablishment, which is not only a source
of much credit to the proprietor, but is
an ornament to the city. All the latest
gems of art will be found at Mr. Pear
son's, and it will afford him pleasure at
all times to show visitors through his
establishment. De Witt's Temple of Music. — This
establishment is in the fourth year of its
existence, and has met with success un
known heretofore. Mr. J. A. DeWitt,
the proprietor, is one of our enterprising
citizens. Determined to make his house
the great depot for Music and Musical
instruments, he has succeeded; and his
establishmet is now the resort of all
lovers of music and those in want of mu
sical instruments. Mr. DeWitt is agent
for the matchless " Steinway," and keeps
a full line of the Mathushek, Orchestral,
and Colibri, Haines Bro's., and other
Pianos, and a great variety of Organs;
among others, the Mason & Hamlin, De-
Witt Bros., Eureka Grand, Needham &

Son, etc. These instruments are rented
or sold on monthly payments. About
six months since Mr. DeWitt commenced
publishing sheet music. Many of his
pieces have attained great popularity,
among others, " Come to me, darling,"
by Prof. Meissner, and " We have part
ed," by Lam. French. " Sleep, sister,
sleep," by J. A. DeWitt, in reply to •' Put
me in my little bed," bids fair to be as
popular as the song to which it responds.
" Take me but spare my boy," by S. W.
Belcher, and " Dear mother, do not die,''
by Lam. French, are fresh from the press.
They are touchingly beautiful and much
admired. Mr. DeWitt receives in ex
change for his publications, all the new
music as soon as issued. This enables
him to fill orders by mail from all parts
of the country. Persons at a distance
can get what they want at reasonable
prices by sending to his "Temple of
Music." Mr. DeWitt's motto is, "Large
sales and small profits." He does not
claim to sell goods at or below cost, but
claims a small profit on each sale. Per
sons visiting the "Temple of Music"
will always find gentlemanly attendants,
who will take great pleasure in showing
them around: NEWSPAPEES.
Prepared by Haekt C. Watson.
THE ILLINOIS STATE JOURNAL.
This paper is the oldest in the State of
Illinois. The Sangamo Spectator, was
first issued by Hooper Warren in 1826-
and was succeded by and merged intp
the Sangamo Journal, which was pub
lished by Simeon and Josiah Francis
Esqs. On December 11th. 1839, a semi-
weekly was issued. On the 23rd. of
September 1847, the title was changed
to Illinois Journal. On the 13th. of
June 1848, the first daily was issued.
In July 1855, Mr. Bailhache and E.L.
Baker Esqs. purchased the establishment
and S. Francis retired. On the 15th. of
December 1863, the Illinois State Jour
nal company, was organized and char
tered. On the 25th. of August 1863,

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTUEING.

85

Mr. H. Bailhache retired, and was suc-
ceded by D. L. Phillips Esq. The pres
ent officers of the company are E. L.
Baker, President ; D. L. Phillips, Vice
President ; and J. D. Roper, Secretary.
Mr. Roper is also the very efficient and
thorough going cashier of the institution
The company consists of E- L. Baker,
D. L. Phillips, John P. Baker and J.
M. Culbertson Esq. The Journal is the
official state paper, is firm and consist
ent, republican in politics and is a very
influential and live newspaper. E. L-
Baker, and J. M. Culbertson are the
political editors, Col. John P. Baker,
General news and L. M. Snell Esq.
city editor.
The Journal book and job office is
one of the finest in the State, and in the
entire appointments and completness,
has but few equals. A large sterotype
department is connected therewith, the
whole being under the direction of first
class and efficient workmen. The Jour
nal is the state organ of the republican
party, and ably fills that position. The
terms are Daily $10, per year. Tri-
Weekly $6. Weekly $2.
ILLINOIS STATE REGISTER.
The Illinois State Register newspaper
office was removed from Vandalia (then
the State capital) to Springfield, in 1836,
shortly after the paper was first started.
Its proprietors, Messrs. Walters & Web
er, were State printers. On January 2,
1849, the first daily Register was issued
by Charles H. Lanphier and Geo. Walk
er, Esqs., who had succeeded Walters &
Weber. In January, 1858, Mr. Walker
dissolved his connection with the paper,
and was succeeded by E. L. Conner, who
purchased his share. In June, 1860, Mr.
Lanphier purchased Mr. Conner's inter
est and assumed entire control of the
paper. In the fall of 1863 a stock com
pany purchased the office, and under its
management the Register was conducted
until January 1, 1S65, whenE. L. & J. D.
Merritt, the present proprietors, pur
chased the office. The Register has for
—12

many years been recognized throughout
the State as the State organ of the Dem
ocratic party of Illinois. It has
a wide circulation and influence, and
is in a prosperous condition. Judge J.
W. Merritt, and E. L. Merritt, Esq., are
editors, and Major Louis Souther, city
editor. A first-class book and job office
is connected with the establishment.
The Register is furnished at $10 per
year for the Daily, and $2 for the
Weekly. THE MASONIC TROWEL.
Harman G. Reynolds, the editor and
present publisher of the Trowel, is one
of the oldest masons in the State, having
taken his degrees in Warsaw Lodge, in
1843. He was Grand Marshal of the
Grand Lodge in 1848, and was elected
Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge
and Chapter, and continued as
Grand Secretary of the Lodge un
til 1851. In 1868 he was elected
Grand Master, and held this position
for two years. He remained Secretary
of the Grand Chapter until 1869. He
assisted in the initiatory work of form
ing the Grand Council of Royal and
Select Masters, and was the first Recorder
of that body. Mr. Reynolds has been
Master of three Lodges and High
Priest of three Chapters, and
was first Commander of Elwood
Commandery No. 6, of this city. All of
which positions he filled with credit to
himself and honor to the fraternity. He
also received, in Chicago, in 1854, the
thirty-second degree of the Ancient
Scottish Rites, and the thirty-third in
Boston, in 1864. In 1858, he located in
this city, and established in 1862 the
Masonic Trowel, with which paper he
retained his connection until 1868. He
has always had the editorial control of
its columns, and his labors therein have
redounded to the general welfare and
prosperity of the craft at large. By the
fire on the night of the 22d of February,
by which the Trowel rw&s, destroyed, he
was stripped of every dollar of his earth-

86

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

ly possessions. But true to his nature,
he rises superior to adverse fortune, and
is once more hard at work. He has al
ways been a live, working man, and now
his numerous friends should see that he
receives some substantial proof of their
appreciation. He designs continuing the
publication of the Trowel, and he cer
tainly, after a long life spent in the
work, is entitled to the kindly considera
tion of the bretheren of "the mystic tie."
THE ILLINOIS ATLAS
Is a nine column weekly paper, and is
published by the Illinois Atlas Company.
It is independent in all things, neutral
in nothing, and is a live, wide-awake
readable sheet. The circulation of the
Atlas is very large, and is constantly
being extended. D. J. Snow, Esq., a
well known editor, now has charge of
the editorial department, and will in
future devote his entire attention to the
Atlas. The terms for subscription are
$1 50 per year in advance.
ILLINOIS STAATS DEMOKRAT.
After several decidedly unsuccessful
attempts to establish a German paper in
Springfield, in the spring of 1866, Mr. C.
Lohman established the Illinois Staats
Demokrat,a,nd since that time has carried
the paper on successfully. The Demokrat,
as its title denotes, advocates Democratic
principles, and enjoys an extensive circu
lation in the city and throughout Central
Illinois, and is very popular as a local
newspaper among the Germans in this
section of the State. Mr. Lohman is a
practical printer. The interests of
Springfield are well represented among
the Germans by this large and well con
ducted paper.
THE CENTRAL ILLINOIS ZEITUNG.
This new candidate for public favor is
puplished by the Central Illinois Zeitung
Company, Prof. VonElsner, editor. The
Zeitung is devoted to Republicanism,
and promises to be an influentual sheet.
It is published weekly, and already has
secured a large circulation in the city
and vicinity.

PRINTING OFFICES.
Mr. John H. Johnson now has entire
charge of the Job Printing Office former
ly belonging to the late firm of Johnson
& Bradford, on the west side of the
Capitol Square. This oflice is well
stocked and in complete running order.
Mr. Johnson is prepared to do all kinds
of plain and fine book and job printing,
in the best manner. A large bindery, is
also connected with this establishment.
B. A. Richards & Co.— This firm is
composed of Ben. A. Richards, who has
been engaged in the printing business in
this city for nearly twenty-five years, and
Frank Hudson, jr., who is also well
known to our citizens. Their office is on
North <Sixth street, and is one of the
finest in the city. They devote their
time exclusively to fine job printing, and
the work turned out by them is not ex
celled in the State of Illinois.
George R. Weber, Esq., one of the
oldest printers in this section of the
country, has a very good and complete
job office on North Sixth street, between
Washington and Jefferson streets. This
office is well prepared to do all kinds of
job work.
Beitt & Cassett. — Thomas J. Britt
and L. Cassett, two well known and pop
ular Printers, are now carrying on the
job printing office on the west side of
North Sixth street, between Jefferson and
Washington streets. They have all the
late improvements in the printing art,
and their presses, type and materials gen
erally, are first class.
notions and toys.
Smith & Bro. keep an extensive
stock of notions, and fancy goods, and
transact almost an exclusive wholosele
business. They keep every article in
their line, known to the trade.
Their store, at the north side of the
square, is one hundred and fifty feet deep,'
and their facilities, for the transaction
of business, are unsurpassed. They
have been eight years in the business,
with a growing trade, and offer every

ITS advantages foe manufaotueing.

87

advantage that can be given by any
house in the west.
painters, paints, paper hangers and
dealers in wall paper.
Thomas & Hart, do all kinds of house,
sign and decorative painting and paper
hanging. Their imitations of Sienna,
Egyptian green, Italian pink, Verde an
tique, and all other kinds of marble,
would lead the unpracticed eye to think
they were genuine articles.
Of woods, their imitations are so per
fect, that it would seem superfluous for
nature to furnish more than one or two
kinds, then Thomas & Hart would sup
ply from these, the oak, walnut, maple
mahogany, Satin wood, and all other
kinds. Their paintings in imitation of
the different kinds of wood, have taken
the premium in the State fairs, at Quincy
and Chicago. Their fresco paintings,
are universally admired, also their wall
paintings in imitations of silk, diaper,
emboseed leather, damask and morocco.
These gentlemen thoroughly under
stand their business, and are ambitious
that none shall excel them, in the beauty
and accuracy of their work. Monroe
street between Fourth and Fifth.
maj. n. h. alden, deals in paints, oils,
varnishes, glass, and painters supplies
in all varieties. He also deals in wall
papers, borders, window shades, curtain
fixtures, etc., etc. a fine variety of which
will always be found upon his counters.
He also does to order painting, graining
and paper hanging, and has a competant
corps of assistants, in those departments.
His place of business is on Monroe
street between Fourth and Fifth streets,
Joseph Ruckel, is one of the old es
tablished business men, having been do
ing business for over twenty years.
During the great fire, which occured on
the night of the 22nd. of February, Mr.
Ruckel's store was burned down. Since
then he has removed on the opposite side
of Fifth between Monroe and Adams,
and has opened an entire new stock.

It embraces wall paper, window shades,
curtains, and curtain fixtures, a most
extensive variety of which will always
be found on hand.
R. B. Zimmerman, came to Springfield
in 1835, and has been in his present bus
iness since 1839, this for an old settled
country would not be remarkable, but
thirty-two years continuously in one bus
iness, is a long time for so new a coun
try. R. R. Payran, is a carriage painter, and
does trimming, and general repairing in
that line of business. photographers.
C. S. German has been engaged in
Photographing in Springfield over ten
years, is the oldest in the city, and is a
successful operator, as his large business
most conclusively proves. His work has
always been of a high order, and com
pares favorably with that of any gallery
in the west. He pays particular atten
tion to getting up fine work, large and
small copying and coloring. If you want
a good looking picture you must take a
good looking countenance with you, as
he will surely show you just as you look.
State Gallery, west side of the square.
M. Duboce takes pictures in every
style of the art of photography, and gives
particular attention to ambrotype gems.
He has among his specimens some beauti
ful views of the new State capitol, and
other objects of interest around the city.
Gallery on Sixth street, between Monroe
and Adams. He has also for sale some
beautiful stereoscopic views of Oak
Ridge and many prominent buildings in
the city.
Fred P. Mobsby is known as a skill
ful artist, and has been most fortunate in
pleasing the tastes and wishes of all de
siring fine pictures. His work fully
attests his skill, and speaks for itself. He
is constantly adding new improvements
to his appliances, and is prepared to exe
cute work to the entire satisfaction of
all. Gallery west side of the square.

88

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

I. H. Vooehis, of the National Gal
lery, is well known as a popular artist,
having been engaged here for several
years. Everything in his line, photo
graphs, gems, etc., are taken "true to
nature," at his gallery. Mr. Voorhis
avails himself of all the latest and most
useful improvements in his art, and is
thoroughly posted therein. He sends
out nothing but first-class work.
PHYSICIANS.
Charles Ryan, S. Townsend,
H. Wohlgemuth, A. Trapp,
Wm. Jayne, W. H. Davis,
J. W. Dresser, A. L. Converse,
B. M. Griffith, Wm. Place,
N. Wright, C. H. Lane,
H. B. Buck, E. A. Artsman,
George T. Allen, F. Keuchler,
R. S. Lord, G. W. Morgan,
H. C. Barrell, H. N, Keener,
B. Fox, J. A. Vincent,
J. L. Million, W. B. Condell.
T. S. Henning, OCCULISTS.
J. D. Harper, H. H. Roman.
Dr. H. Wohlgemuth. — Among the
old citizens of Springfield we may be al
lowed to say a few words with reference
to this gentleman, who has practised
in this city longer than any other man
now engaged in the duties of his profes
sion. Dr. Wohlgemuth left his native
country, Hanover, Germany, in 1845, and
came to Springfield in the same year. He
commenced the practice of medicine here
in 1846, and labored under many disad
vantages at first, but his life has been
very successful. At the time he came to
Springfield there were thirteen other
practicing physicians here. Of this num
ber ther is but one residing in the city —
Dr. P. Moran, who long since retired
from practice on account of old age and
failing health. Drs. Hughes, Merriman,
Cabines, Lustar, Henry, Richardson,
Wallace, Todd, Gersham Jayne, Hug-
gins, M. Helm, and others, have passed
away from their earthly labors since his
arrival.

It is not in his profession only, that
Dr. Wohlgemuth has made his influence
felt, but he has in many ways become
identified with the growth and prosperi
ty of the city of his adoption. He has
in an eminent degree enjoyed the confi
dence of his patrons as a practitioner of
medicine ; and as a public spirited cit
izen, has received evidences of confidence
and esteem. He has at various times
discharged the duties- of City Physician,
and County Physician, Director of Public
Schools, and Member of the City Council.
Much credit is due to him, as Mana
ger of Oak Ridge Cemetery, in which
capacity he served for a number of years.
He with his co-laborers, took charge of
those grounds, when all was covered
with a thick growth of underbrush,
which could hardly be realized by those
who have seen it only in its present high
state of culture, and ornamentation.
The most important acts of the public
life of Dr. Wohlgemuth, has been his
labor, in connection with Col. John
Williams and C. W. Matheny, Esq., as
Commissioners for the construction of the
City Water Works of Springfield. This
work required two years of unremitting
exertion on their part, and was com
pleted to the entire satisfaction of the
public. As the Doctor is now only about fifty
years of age, he is still active in his pro
fession, with a store of experience, which
will be of much value to his patrons for
years to come.
Springfield Infirmary and Private
Hospital. — Dr. William H. Davis is
the proprietor of this establishment. Be
sides an extensive city practice he makes
a specialty of surgery and treatment of
cases of chronic diseases. Here the pa
tient, suffering from any lingering mal
ady, requiring the constant care of a skill
ful physician, can enjoy all the comforts
of a home and careful nursing, at the
same time.
The reputation of Dr. Davis for the
kind and watchful care over his patients,

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

89

and his skill in treating these ailments, is
so well established, that those who are
in need of such treatment should not
hesitate a moment in placing themselves
under his care.
The infirmary is on Washington street,
near the depot of the Chicago and St.
Louis Railroad.
Dr. J. D. Harper came to Springfield
in 1853, and entered upon the practice
of his profession. From that to the
present time he has made diseases of the
eye and ear a specialty. From personal
knowledge, I have reason to believe that
making the treatment of these delicate
organs a constant study, has been a bless
ing to many thus afflicted.
The foregoing list comprises the names
of the leading medical men of Springfield.
It embraces some of the principal prac-
tioners in the profession, of whom some
very interesting biographical sketches
might be added. PORK PACKING.
Mr. James Lamb came to Springfield
in the year 1831, and has been actively
engaged in business during all the inter
vening years. He commenced packing
pork in 1834-35, and has continued it to
the present time. Springfield has been
his home during all that time ; but, in
order to save the expense of transporta
tion, before railroads came into use, he
for a few years did his packing first at
Kaskaskia, next at Alton, and then at
Beardstown. Since 1842 his operations
have been confined to Springfield. For
the last fifteen years his transactions have
been very large, paying out, annually,
from two hundred and fifty to three hun
dred thousand dollars, reaching the high
est point in 1864, which amounted to half
a million dollars. He has one of the
finest, most substantial, and best ar
ranged buildings for pork packing in the
Western country.
Mr. Lamb has been, at different times,
engaged in manufacturing, and has al
ways been among the foremost citizens
to encourage enterprises calculated to de

velop the resources of the country and
build up trade. Every movement for
the religious, mental and moral elevation
of those around him, has always found
in him a liberal supporter.
sewing machines.
J. H. H. Bennet sells the Singer Sew
ing Machine, and by his fair dealing,
prompt attention to the wants of his cus
tomers, and complete mastery of this fa
vorite machine, has merited and won the
confidence of his patrons.
During the year 1870 the Singer Man
ufacturing Co. sold 127,625 machines —
44,625 more than were sold by any other
company. Of these sales Mr. Bennett
made his full proportion.
Adam M. Stein is agent for the American
Button Hole Over-seaming Sewing Ma
chine, which possesses, two peculiarities,
which are expressed by its name. It has
an attachment for cutting and working
button holes, and another device for over-
seaming, besides doing all other kinds of
family sewing. This is one of the best
machines in use. His place of business
is on South Fifth street.
Hunt & Young carry on the State office
of the Howe Sewing Machine Company.
They began business about one year ago,
and since that time have disposed of
1300 machines. Their business last year
foots up nearly $80,000, and they expect
the coming year to nearly double that
amount. Over 90,000 machines a yeaf
are manufactured and sold by the compa
ny, which is a proof of their merits.
Messrs. Hunt & Young have finely fitted
sales rooms, and are prepared to promptly
fill all orders at No. 9, Monroe street.
STOVES AND TINWARE.
Mr. E. Kreigh deals in cook and heat
ing stoves, furnaces and house furnishing
goods. He also manufactures all kinds
of tin, copper and sheet iron ware. His
store is on Fifth street, between Adams
and Monroe. Mr. Kreigh is one of the
oldest and most respected citizens and
business men of Springfield.

90

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

Geo. W. Bolinger deals in stoves, tin
ware, crockery and house furnishing
goods generally. He also puts up gutters,
spouts and metal roofing.
Robinson & Bauman, dealers in stoves,
and manufacturers of tin, sheet iron,
and copper.
They are also agents for marbleized
iron, mantel, and grates, hot air furnaces,
and patent tile. Their sales amount to
about $25,000, annually. Store and shop,
on t ifth street, north of the First Na
tional Bank,
Henry Bugg, is manufacturer of and
dealer in stoves, tin, and sheet iron ware.
He also sells pumps, and deals in queens
ware. North side of Capitol Square.
C. H. Edmands, deals in stoves, tin, and
sheet iron ware, and puts up roofing and
guttering. Gives particular attention to
street and saloon lanterns, lamps, and
lamp posts. Monroe street, between
Fifth and Sixth.
L. F. Dyson, deals in stoves, tin and
hollow ware, wooden ware, etc. He also
does roofing and guttering. His annual
sales are about $15,000. His place of
business is on Washington street, east of
the Court House.
H. C" Cullom, wholesale and retail
dealer in stoves and tin ware, and agri
cultural implements. Manufacturer of
tin, copper, sheet iron, and zinc work.
He gives particular attention to steam
mill, and railroad work. Does roofing,
guttering, and spouting to order. Store
on Monroe street opposite the Post
Office. WATCHES, CLOCKS AND JEWELRY.
W. D. Ward deals in watches from
the best manufactories, both in Europe
and America, but he gives particular at
tention to the Waltham and Elgin
watches, and will keep those of the
Springfield Watch Company, as soon as
they are in the market.
Of clocks, he keeps all the best kinds,
and will supply, to order, any kind that
may be called for, if it is to be obtained.

Silver Ware from the manufactory of
Rogers & Brothers, Meriden, Conn., he
always keeps a full assortment of.
The American Spectacle Company, of
Detroit, Mich., is well represented in Mr.
Ward's show cases. These Spectacles
are made from the Brazilian rock quartz,
without any heat whatever. The pebble
is taken in its natural condition, sawed
into thin plates and then polished.
These glasses are said to be superior to
any other substance known for preserv
ing the eye. West side of Fifth street
opposite the Square.
A. H. Fisher deals extensively in fine
jewelry of every description, selected
with much care from the largest houses
in the East. His stock comprises every
thing usually found in first class estab
lishments, including all the rich and
novel styles of fashionable jewelry and
silver ware. He pays particular atten
tion to regulating and repairing fine
watches, and has the best of workmen in
his employ. His establishment is in
Keuchler's fine building, opposite the
Postoffice. George W. Chatterton has been es
tablished at the stand he now occupies
on the west side of the square, since
1839, and is consequently one of the old
est, if not the oldest, established Jewel
er in Central Illinois. Mr. Chatterton,
in addition to his varied stock of fine
jewelry, has always kept a large and fine
stock of Pianos, musical instruments and
musical merchandise. The stock is very
large, full and complete, and embraces
everything usually found in a first class
establishment of this character. Mr.
Chatterton is a practical watch, clock
and chronometer maker, and has devoted
many years to repairing the same. All
orders from abroad will receive his espe
cial attention, and be filled with entire
satisfaction to his patrons.
DEALERS IN WOOD, COAL AND BALED HAY.
Hobert T. Ives has been in other bu
siness in Springfield since 1859, but com
menced the present business in 1870.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

91

FLOURING MILLS, BREWERIES GRAIN ELEVATORS AND THE
GRAIN TRADE.

The grain trade and its manufacture,
partaking as it does of the characteristics
of both mercantile and manufacturing,
I have grouped all the business relating
to either branch, together, here between
the two. flouring mills.
M. Hickox is the proprietor of the
Excelsior Mills. They have three run
of burrs, and are capable of making
about 150 barrels of flour every twenty-
four hours- Mr. Hickox pays the high
est cash price for wheat, and transacts
business to the amount of about $50,000
annually. Wackeble & Rapps are the proprie
tors of the Phoenix Mills. The mills
have capacity to make about 125 barrels
of flour daily. Their sales amount to
about $40,000 annually.
Logan & Ridgely are the proprietors
of Everybody's Mill. Do a large amount
of custom work, and buy wheat also. The
capacity of the mill is from 125 to 150
barrels per day.
William McCague is proprietor of the
^Etna Mills. They have three run of
burrs', and are capable of making about
150 barrels of flour every twenty-four
hours. He buys wheat at all times, and
his annual sales amount to from $50,000
to $60,000 annually.
B. F. Haines & Co. are the proprietors
of the Illinois Mills. This establishment
was built in the year 1861, with four run
of burrs, and is capable of making about
200 barrels of flour in twenty-four hours.
This is the largest mill in the city, but
none of them are worked to their full
capacity. The sales of B. F. Haines &
Co. run from $70,000 to $80,000 annually.

Mr. Addison Hickox, the partner of Mr.
Haines, is the oldest miller, and has
built more mills, than any other man in
Sangamon county. breweries.
F. Reisch & Son are the oldest brew
ers in the city, having been carrying on
the business here for over twenty years.
Two years ago they spent over fifty thou
sand dollars in additions to their brewery
and now have one of the finest and most
complete establishments in the State.
They employ sixteen hands, purchase
and use 30,000 bushels of barley per
year, and do a business of $100,000 per
annum. The value of their buildings,
etc., is $100,000.
Fischer & Co. are successors to M.
K. Keydell. Their fine brewery is situa
ted in the northwest portion of the city,
and Keydell's Park is known as one of
the most beautiful spots in Springfield.
This firm employs twelve men, buys about
fifteen thousand bushels of barley per
year, and sell about $69,000 worth per
year. The value of the brewery and
grounds is over $75,000.
John Landheimer has a brewery in
operation in the south-west part of the
city. He does a small business, however,
only for home consumption.
Nolte & Ackerman carry on an ex
tensive brewery in the west part of the
city. It was built by Phillip Acker
man in 1864. In 1869 Mr. A. Nolte, a
well known business man became asso
ciated with Mr. Ackerman, and has
with him built up a large business. This
firm makes and sells about four thousand
barrels of beer per year, and employ six
hands in its manufacture.

92

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

GRAIN AND GRAIN ELEVATOR.
Messrs. Post & Eastman commenced
building a grain elevator, near the depot
of the Chicago and St. Louis Railroad,
in the spring of 1865, and completed it
in January, 1866. It is sixty feet wide,
seventy feet long, and one hundred and
ten feet high. The first seventy-five feet
from the ground is iron clad, as a protec
tion against fire. The whole building is
erected in the most solid and substantial
manner, and cost $62,000. The elevator
is constructed with bins capable of hold
ing 120,000 bushels of grain. In addi
tion to this there are corn cribs belonging
to the proprietors, and on the same lots,
with capacity for about 30,000 bushels.
A steam engine runs the hoisting ma
chinery, and with everything in order
they can receive and ship from eight to
ten thousand bushels of grain, per day.

The elevator firm receives and ships about
one quarter of a million bushels of wheat
annually. The five mills buy and manu
facture an average of 50,000 bushels each,
besides one or two outside parties, who
buy and ship on a small scale, making a
total of about half a million bushels of
wheat received at this market, annually.
The quantity of corn and oats received
here amounts, in the aggregate, to about
half a million bushels also. About 75,000
bushels of barley are used in the brewer
ies in Springfield, and in addition to this
the grain dealers buy and ship barley
also. The total quantity of grain of all
kinds received at the Springfield market,
is about one and a quarter millions of
bushels annually.
The elevator is now owned by Eastman
& Co. — Col. John Williams having taken
the place of Mr. Post October 10, 1870.

MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS.

All of the ten or twelve stove and tin
ware dealers in the city have more or
less work done in tin, copper and sheet
iron ; but none of them are entitled to
the dignity of being called a manufac
tory, because there is not a stove foundery
in the place.
There is a considerable number of men
engaged in making boots and shoes, but
each man has his own kit of tools, which
he could pack and march at a minute's
notice ; there is consequently nothing
like a manufactory in this line of busi
ness. Of all the eight or ten furniture deal
ers, the principal portion of them have
some work made about their places of
business; but as there is no machinery
used, and no propelling power except
human muscles, the only appropriate lan
guage is to say, there is no furniture fac
tory in the city.

I might go over a great many more
branches of business, in detail, with the
same result ; but the best way to show
what the vacancies are and what there is
not, is to show what there is. The fol
lowing firms and companies comprise all
there is in the way of manufactories in
Springfield. BOILER MAKERS.
Wilson & Drake have a boiler shop,
here and at Decatur. Mr. Drake resides
here, and has been running this shop for
six years. They do repairing of all kinds
and make boilers to order.
CARRIAGE AND WAGON MANUFACTORY.
A. Booth, Son & Co. The senior mem
ber of this firm commenced business about
seven miles north of Springfield, in the
year 1840. In 1854 he removed his es
tablishment to Springfield, where the
business has increased steadily to the

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTURING.

present time. They now make about
800 vehicles per year. Their work is
chiefly on road wagons, but they make a
considerable number of carriages and
buggies. They give employment to
twenty- fi vo hands, and their annual sales
amount to about $75,000.
Their business is now growing faster
than at any previous era of this history.
In order to meet the demands of the trade
they are erecting a mammoth store house,
for sales rooms, at the corner of Adams
and Eighth street, one square south of
their factory.
McDonald & Bro. commenced, Janu
ary 1, 1868, the manufacture of carriages,
buggies and. spring wagons. They em
ploy from ten to twenty men. Manufac
ture all the time, and do repairing when
called for. They use none but the best
of materials, and employ the best work
men to be obtained in the country. Bus
iness amounts to from $15,000 to $20,000
annually. Messrs. McDonald & Bro. are
both young and energetic, and bid fair
to build up a fine business.
Withey Brothers, three in number,
commenced business in Springfield in
1854, and, by industry and perseverance,
have built up a fine trade. After six
years incessant labor their shops were
almost totally destroyed by a hurricane,
August 6, 1860. They immediately re
built, and on the 19th of April, 1861,
their factory was swept away by fire.
With undaunted courage they have toiled
,on, and now have a fine establishment,
giving employment to about twenty-five
men. They make principally fine car
riages and buggies, and some lumber
wagons. Their sales average from $50,-
000 to $60,000, annually.
Myers & Talbott make pome new
work, and do a general repairing business.
Employ seven men, and do a business of
about $12,000 annually.
Mr. August Kessbeeger commenced
building wagons in Springfield in the
year 1861. He was without capital, and
—13

increased his business only as his earn
ings would justify it. Mr. Kessberger is
the inventor and patentee of what is
called the Iron Clad Pipe Axle. It is a
combination of wrought iron pipe, with
cast iron skeins or axles arms, with wood
filling, and has a truss rod beneath, for
making the axle more firm. The patent
includes an attachment for a ring bolt,
without making a hole through the axle
and bolster, thus retaining all the strength
at every point. This axle is undoubtedly
a valuable invention, and wagon manu
facturers elsewhere would do well to con-*
suit Mr. Kessberger, who has rights for
the use of the patent for sale, either for
shops, counties or States.
Mr. K. has recently formed a partner
ship with several of his workmen, and
the style of the firm is A. Kessberger &
Co. Thirteen men find employment here,
and manufacture about 200 wagons an
nually, amounting to about $20,000.
Allen Miller has been about four
teen years making carriages and wagons
in Springfield. His principal business is
building fine buggies and carriages, and
doing general repairing. He works from
six to ten men. Shops on Monroe street
near the city hall.
Jacob Divelbiss commenced making
wagons in Springfield in the year 1837,
and continued in business until 1868,
when he was succeeded by Beard &
Hodge. In February, 1870, Mr. Beard
withdrew from the firm.
Mr. Jacob Hodge is now the sole pro
prietor, and he works an average of six
hands, making lumber wagons, spring
wagons, and does general repairing.
This establishment has, for thirty-four
years, sustained its reputation for good
work, and it is not likely to degenerate
in the hands of the present proprietor.
Shops on North Eighth street.
FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS.
The ^Stna Foundry, and Machine
Shops, were established by Lowry, Lamb,
& Co. in 1848. The present shops were

94

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

erected in 1849. At one time woolen
machinery was in operation, in a part of
the building, and at another two or three
thousand plows were made annually.
The business now is confined, principally
to foundry work, and building steam en
gines, and mill machinery. From twenty-
five to thirty-five hands are employed,
and the business transacted amounts to
about $50,000, annually. Mr. John C.
Lamb is the present proprietor.
Toledo, Wabash & Western Railway
Shops. The company employs about
310 men, who receive their pay, at this
point, and the monthly pay roll is about
$20,000. Of this number about 180, are
employed in the shops, under monthly
pay, of between $12,000, and $13,000-
— See article on T. W. & W. Railway,
page 33.
S. F. Eastman, keeps a shop for re
pairing all kinds of farm and mill ma
chinery. Works four men, and runs a
steam engine of eight horse power.
The Excelsior Foundry, and Machine
works, were established in 1854, and
have been in the hands of the present
proprietors, Messrs. Benyman & Ripon,
since 1856. They are both practical
workmen, and have the reputation of
understanding their business thoroughly.
As an evidence of the estimation, in
which their work is held at home, I need
only refer to the fact that the steam
engines and hoisting apparatus for all
the four coal shafts in this county,
were made at this establishment. They
not only give special attention to coal
mining machinery, but do all kinds of
mill work, and every thing else pertain
ing to a first class establishment of the
kind. This firm employs from twenty-five to
forty men and do a business amounting
to about $50,000, annually.
The Alexander Corn Planter, Factory,
has a foundry for doing its own work,
but no other.

KING'S SAUCE ROYAL.
In the fall of 1869 William King com
menced manufacturing a condiment for
the table, and called it "King's Sauce
Royal." This preparation gives an em
phatic answer to the question, "What's
in a name ?" It is a royal sauce and
good enough to tickle the palate of a
king. After having it tested among his im
mediate acquaintances, he caused some
of it to be sold by samples at several
points remote from each other. In this
way it was introduced into Fort Wayne,
Pittsburgh, Chicago, St. Louis and New
Orleans. From every point where it
was introduced orders came for more,
and each successive order was for double
the quantity of the one before it.
In July, 1870, Mr. King formed a part
nership with C. and J. Conkling, under
the firm name of Conkling & King.
The new firm at once fitted up a manu
factory with suitable apparatus and
steam boilers, to prosecute the work on
a larger scale. They went into the mar
ket and purchased onions, tomatoes and
such other materials as are used in pre
paring the sauce, and employed twelve
hands. They kept the manufactory in
operation, night and day, from July until
November. When Mr. King commenced he put
the Sauce Royal up in half pint and
quart bottles only ; but the new firm put
it up in half pint and pint bottles, and in
kegs of five and ten gallons, and in half
barrels and barrels- They have been
shipping it by the car load to fill orders
in New York, San Francisco, and many
other points.
Heretofore they have purchased all
their vegetables in the market, but they
are now preparing to plant five acres of
onions and thirty-five acres of tomatoes,
and beside this will buy in the market.
In order to be sure and exclude all dele
terious ingredients, they manufacture

ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MANUFAOTUEING.

95

their own vinegar from malt and high-
wines. The machinery and apparatus they put
up last year was thought, at the time, to
be sufficient for the next five years, but
they are now increasing it to ten times
the capacity. They have twenty men
employed on the farm now, and when the
time comes for gathering and manufac
turing, it will give employment to a.
much larger number.
This business is in its infancy, but,
without doubt, it will grow to much
larger proportions. I have been thus
particular in describing it because there
are hundreds of other industries out of
which large and lucrative establishments
might be built up ; and there is no place
where it can be done to better advan
tage than in Springfield, where water
and fuel abound, railroad facilities are
so abundant and increasing, and in so
rich a farming country from which to
draw supplies and find a market for
many of the articles manufactured.
ornamental carving.
William Helmle is an ornamental
carver in wood. He does the carving of
caps for columns and pilasters, for cor
nices and all other work in his line of
business, for both public and private
buildings.
planing mills, or door, sash and blind
manufactories.
Hopping & Ridgely erected a large,
well arranged building, during the sum
mer of 1866. and fitted it up with pla
ners and all other machinery pertaining
to a first class planing mill, at a total
cost, for building and machinery, of
$40,000. The work turned out from this
factory is equal to that from any similar
establishment in the State. They em
ploy from forty to fifty hands, and the
monthly pay roll is about $1,500. Their
annual sales amount to about $60,000.
Near Chicago and St. Louis Railroad.
Thompson & Newman put their plan
ing mill in operation in 1866, also. They

keep about fifteen hands employed, and
their annual sales amount to about $25,-
000, principally jobbing. Near the old
depot of the T., W. & W. Railway.
PLOW MANUFACTURING.
John Uhler has been in Springfield
since 1839. Being a blacksmith, he has
done general jobbing and manufactured
some plows almost every year. Mr.
Uhler has not made more than three or
four hundred plows annually at any time,
and is not now making more than two
or three hundred per year.
ROPE AND CORDAGE MANUFACTORIES.
Jacob Schilling has been manufactu
ring rope in this city for over twenty-
three years, at his manufactory, in the
west part of the city. He makes cord
age, rope and sash cord, and manufac
tures about 30,000 pounds per year. Mr.
Schilling uses New Zealand, Sicilian and
Missouri hemp, and Manilla imported
from Spain, in the manufacture of rope
and cordage.
Another small manufactory is carried
on near Messrs. Starne & Shutt's coal
shaft, northwest of the city.
sickle sections.
John Shaw, is the inventor and man
ufacturer of a new kind of Sickle Sec
tion. These sections are serrated, that
is, they are cut similar to an old fash
ioned sickle, or reap hook. They are
warranted to cut equally well in grain
or grass.
Farmers who have used them, say they
will run four or five times as long with
out grinding, as those most generally in
use. All can appreciate the value of
time thus saved.
Mr. Shaw will be recognized, by
many as the file cutter, who has his shop
near Hopping & Ridgely's planing mill,
but for the benefit of those at a distance,
I would say that his address is John
Shaw, P. O. Box 1226, Springfield 111.
SOAP AND CANDLE FACTORY.
G. A. Vanduyn & Co., erected a fac
tory in 1860, for making soap and can-

96

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

dies. The capacity of their soap ket
tles is 5000 pounds, and the rendering
tanks, twenty barrels. In making can
dles, they use three sets of machines. A
steam boiler, twenty feet long, and forty-
two inches in diameter, supplies the
necessary heat for prosecuting the bus
iness. This factory is only a secondary
matter. The principal business of Messrs.
Vanduyn & Co. , is dealing in wool, hides,
sheep pelts and tallow.
The factory, is situated one half mile
north of the city limits, and the office
of Vanduyn & Co. is on Sixth street, op
posite the Journal Office.
Frederick Bauee is just commencing
a new establishment, for the manufacture
of soap. WOOLEN MILLS.
The first woolen mill in Springfield
was established by H. M. Armstrong, on
the corner of Fourth and Market streets.
This establishment did nothing but card
wool into rolls, and ran about six months
in each year — one poor blind old horse,
furnishing the motive power. In order
to keep pace with the growth of the city,
in the year 1851, the firm of Armstrong
& Co. — consisting of H. M. Armstrong,
and Joseph and Edward R. Thayer — built
the present Springfield woolen mills, on
south Fourth street. In 1866, H. S.
Dickerman & E. R. Thayer, purchased
the interest of Mr. Armstrong, who re
tired. This establishment was first pre
pared for carding wool into rolls, and in
this way was run for several years.
The manufacture of cloth was com
menced about the year 1852. The pres
ent well arranged and substantial build
ings were all put on the ground since
1860. They cover an area of about ten
thousand square feet, and are three full
stories, with an attic and basement.
They run five sets of cards, and do spin
ning, weaving, and finishing to corres
pond, making about 250,000 yards of
cloth, mostly flannels, amounting to
about $160,000, annually. From sixty-

five to seventy operatives find employ
ment in these mills. It is the intention
of the proprietors to increase their ma
chinery, so as to more than double the
capacity of the mills.
Messrs. Dickerman & Co. are constantly
adding new machinery to their mills.
Every new and important invention is
introduced into their works, and many
thousands of dollars are annually ex
pended by them for machinery. They
arc about introducing a full supply of
new looms, which are said to be the
finest thing ever invented, and will have
them ready for operation about the first
of June. During this season they built
an iron chamber for the picker, and have
erected a first class fire proof coal house.
Messrs. Dickerman & Co. are at all times
prepared to buy wool, either for their
own use or for shipping.
ALEXANDER CORN PLANTER FACTORY.
One of the most extensive manufactur
ing establishments in this city is just west
of the Chicago and Alton railroad depot,
and is used by Messrs. Converse & Swan-
nell in manufacturing the Alexander
Corn Planter, one of the greatest inven
tions of the day in agricultural imple
ments. The history of the wonderful
and almost unprecedented introduction
and sale of these machines, would seem
almost a tale of fiction.
The Alexander Corn Planter was in
vented and patented, in 1865, by T. K.
Alexander, of Decatur, since deceased.
A re-issue of the patent on the four cham
ber drop was made, in 1865, to D. R. and
John Alexander. The manufacture of
the planter was commenced by D. R.
Alexander at Decatur, in 1867. In 1868
the patent was purchased by John O.
Sloan and B. R. Ross, who removed to
Springfield and began manufacturing
here — the work being done for them by
William Stonebarger. The first year they
manufactured forty-two machines. In
July, 1869, L, Converse began manu
facturing for Sloan & Ross. In Septem-

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

97

ber, Mr. Swannell purchased the interest
of Mr. Ross, and the firm of Converse &
Swannell then began manufacturing for
J. 0. Sloan. This firm manufactured, in
1870, one thousand machines, which were
readily disposed of, and this season they
have made and sold over two thousand,
which enormous number was not sufficient
to supply the demand. The proprietors
think it will take five thousand to meet
the wants next year, and they are fully
confident that that number can be in
creased each year. They have many or
ders left over and unfilled, having re
ceived them too late to fill them, but
they will be fully prepared to meet the
demand next year. These machines are
now sold in nine States, and but a few
weeks ago they forwarded a carload to
the State of Virginia. They are now in
troduced and used extensively where two
years ago a corn planter was entirely un
known. They are now the best and most
favorite machine in use.
Messrs, Converse & Swannell have
erected very extensive works on West
Jefferson street, for manufacturing these
machines, and are almost daily spreading
their limits as their business grows and
increases. They are determined to keep
up with the demands made upon them,
and their energy and enterprise, in prose
cuting to a successful termination this
business, is well worthy the imitation of
our citizens and men of capital.
They design erecting at once a three
story brick building, forty feet front and
one hundred feet deep, which will cost
nearly eight thousand dollars. It will
be used as an office, sales rooms, and ship
ping department. The buildings now
erected are valued at $15,000, and are ar
ranged with especial reference to the
manufacture of the machines. Messrs.
Converse & Swannell employ, during the
manufacturing season, eighty-seven men,
machinists, wood workmen, moulders and
blacksmiths. Their average pay roll
amounted to $1000 per week. They also

used, this season, 210,000 pounds of iron,
and nearly 150,000 feet of lumber. Three
general agents are constantly employed,
besides a whole army of local agents.
Their manufacturing season commences
August 1st, and continues until April
15th. The sales of the firm, comprised
in this year, foot up over $100,000, and
will be doubled next season. It has been
impossible, heretofore, to supply the de
mand, but in future they will be found
equal to the emergency.
The citizens of Springfield will do well
to visit this establishment, and see what
is being done in their midst. They will
see capital and labor here joined hand in
hand, and the practical workings thereof
being the financial benefit of the city at
large. Mr. Converse has charge of the
mechanical department, Mr. Sloan is su
perintendent of the sales department, and
Mr. Wm. P. Grimsley is cashier.
SPRINGFIELD WATCH COMPANY.
This company was organized under
the general laws of Illinois, for the gov
ernment of incorporated companies, Jan.
26, 1870, with a capital stock of one
hundred thousand dollars. Hon. John
T. Stuart was elected President ; Col.
John Williams, Vice President ; George
N. Black, Treasurer, and W. B. Miller,
Secretary. A large room was secured over Messrs.
Berryman & Rippon's Machine shop, and
stocked with lathes and planers from the
works of Pratt, Whitney & Co., Hart
ford, Conn., together with tools from
various other manufacturers.
On the first of May, ten or twelve ex
perienced artisans — who were employed
in the first enterprise of making watches
in this country by machinery, at Wal-
tham, Mass., and with other companies
in the East, and who were the principal
operators in the National Watch Factory
in this State, from its commencement to
the beginning of the present enterprise —
commenced making tools here for the
manufacture of Watches.

98

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

The company secured by the liberality
of Henry Converse, Esq., and others, fif
teen acres of land as a site for the fac
tory, which is beautifully situated on
North Grand Avenue, just outside the
city limits, and adjoining the grounds of
the Springfield City Water Works Reser
voir. The company adopted a design,
drawn by the well known architect, J.
C. Cochrane, Esq., and immediately pro
ceeded to erect their factory.
At the beginning of December, 1870,
the buildings were so far advanced that
the machinery was removed into it, from
their former shops, and operations con
tinued. The machinery, which is now almost
completed, embraces many of their former
inventions and improvements, together
with a great number of recent novel ideas.
Their late increase of capital stock shows
that the company are going to build up
a mammoth establishment, in addition to
making watches superior to any others.
It is but reasonable to expect, with
the large experience they l;have had in
building up other establishments, that
this object will be attained.
The average number of men employed
has been twenty eight, but at the present
time it is thirty-four. This number will
be greatly increased, and a large number
of females will be employed very soon
also, as the work of making the parts of

watches has already commenced. It
will now be but a few weeks until time
pieces from the factory of the Spring
field Watch Company will be found in
the show cases of all first class jewelers.
At the annual meeting of the company,
March 1st, 1871, the capital stock was
increase.d to $200,000. At the same time
a board of five directors were chosen,
consisting of John T. Stuart, John Wil
liams, W. B. Miller, John W. Bunn, and
W. D. Rjchardson. The old board of
officers were all re-elected, namely : Hon.
John T. Stuart, president; Col. John
Williams, vice president ; George N.
Black, treasurer ; and W. B. Miller, sec
retary. J. K. Bigelow, Esq., who has held re
sponsible positions, in watch factories,
from the commencement of watch man
ufacturing in this country, has superin
tended the work from the beginning of
this enterprise. Under his supervision,
not only the delicate and ingenious ma
chinery for watch making has been man
ufactured, but the neat, beautiful, and
well constructed edifice has been erected
also. To describe the building, and ma
chinery, in all its complicated parts, to
gether with the varied processes of
of watch making, would require the
space of a dozen such articles as this.
They will be worthy of an elaborate de
scription hereafter.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MANUFACTURING.

99

GENERAL REVIEW OR CONCLUDING REMARKS.

Springfield has long been noted for its
comfortable, handsome and even palatial
residences. There is probably a larger
proportion of the business men in this
city who own the houses in which they
transact business, and the residences they
occupy, than in any other town of equal
size in the west. This has doubtless con
tributed largely to the stability of its
business men. Enormous rents for busi
ness houses and dwellings has been the
ruin of many a man or firm who would
otherwise have been prosperous.
When trade is good, these expenses
can be met, but in times of general de
pression, almost everything else finds its
level before rents give way, and when re
lief comes it is often too late. This very
security in Springfield has exerted its in
fluence in causing business to move slow
ly. If it is dull they can take the world
easy, for the discharge of a few clerks or
workmen reduces the expenses to a mere
ly nominal figure. A man once estab
lished in business, usually remains for
life. It will be seen, by running over the
business notices, that there is a larga
proportion of men here who have been
continuously in business from thirty to
forty years, and many more such could be
named. The fact that business moves steadily
and without parade, is no evidence of a
lack of enterprise. Springfield has ex
pended more than three quarters of a
million dollars, because of its being the
State Capital ; beginning with the $50,-
000 to secure the first location of it
here ; $350,000 for the Leland Hotel—
for which there would have been no de
mand on any other giounds, and $200,000
for the old Capitol, for a Court House,

when they could have built one to suit
them better for less money. The inter
est on the money invested in that build
ing will amount to all of $150,000 from
the date of purchase, before the purcha
sers can have any use of it. $70,000 for
the land donated to the State, on which
the new State House is being erected, and
the city is now under bonds to purchase
not to exceed four acres more, to enlarge
the new State House grounds, which will
cost $100,000 more. Put ali those to
gether and it will be found that Spring
field has expended nearer one million of
dollars than three-quarters, because it is
the State Capital.
The people of a city destitute of en
terprise, are not likely to expend a mil
lion dollars on a single object. The
truth is, Springfield has manifested an
enterprising spirit, on this question, that
would have put her far ahead of any who
are now her rivals, if it had been direct
ed to building up manufacturing indus
tries. But it is not too late to do that
yet and then have both. The idea has
prevailed, for a long time, that a State
Capital could not be a commercial or
manufacturing town. Indianapolis has
has proved the fallacy of that theory.
Springfield now has advantages superior
to those of Indianapolis ; and we believe
she will yet give stronger evidence that
a town may be a seat of government and
rise to a commanding position in com
merce and manufactures, and, like the
city of Indianapolis, accomplish it with
out being located upon a navigable river,
either. There are other evidences of an enter
prising spirit in Springfield, of which
but little has been said. She is the only

100

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

city in the State, outside of Chicago,
that has adopted and carried into effect
an extensive system of underground
sewerage. This cannot be too highly
estimated in its effect upon the hea 1th
and cleanliness of the city ; and yet a
stranger may come and go without
knowing that it exists, because so little
of it can be seen,
Springfield was the first city in the
State, outside of Chicago, to build water
works. And no other city in the State,
with the above exception, has yet done
anything that will at all compare with
her in that respect.
And I have not done yet. Springfield
was the first city in the State, outside of
Chicago, to build a street railroad —
others have only followed in her wake.
And yet she is spoken of as being desti
tute of enterprise. The truth is, Spring
field has been entirely too modest with
reference to her own advantages. In
place of heralding her enterprises as
many others do, she has plodded on in
business, trusting to the good judgment
of the public in discerning and apprecia
ting her advantages. We believe she
will yet be vindicated in this course, but
it will do no harm for her citizens to
shake off a little of their modesty.
The good influence of this stability in
business, is observed in its effect upon
society, which is more refined and eleva
ted than is usually found in a town of
this kind or any other, except where ed
ucational institutions are so grouped to
gether as to mould the public tastes.
In looking over the early history of
Springfield, and the account of the public
buildings, churches, schools, libraries and
benevolent institutions, it will readily be
seen that the tendencies have all been to
make it attractive as a home.
Down to the close of the great rebell
ion, it seems never to have entered the
minds of the people that any other busi
ness could be done here than to buy and
sell and exchange the products of the
soil, for all kinds of merchandise manu

factured at other points. It is not sur
prising that the situation was thus
viewed, because there were little or no
facilities for manufacturing. It is true
there were two important railroads cross
ing each other here, but coal was shipped
from a distance, and ruled steadily at
from twenty-five to thirty-five cents per
bushel, and that frequently of an inferior
quality. Water could only be obtained
from wells, so that a factory requiring
any considerable quantity could not be
supplied. Now, however, all is changed ! The
railroad facilities have been doubled, the
splendid water works have been erected,
and the immense deposits of coal under
lying the city, have been developed at
the very doors of the citizens, so that
nothing is now wanting but the capital
ist with his business talents, and the arti-
zan with his skill — the two to co-operate
with each other in using that which na
ture has so lavishly bestowed and art has
thus far developed.
With these resources at command, it
may be thought strange that manufactor
ies did not at once spring into existence;
but it is no cause for surprise or discour
agement that the progress has not been
greater. The people here had not been
accustomed to think of manufacturing as
a source of wealth, and they did not
readily, and in fact, do not now fully
realize their splendid opportunities.
Another cause of hindrance is found in
the fact that from the close of the war to
the present time, a shrinkage of values
has been steadily progressing in all parts
of the United States, and it has, there
fore been an unfavorable time for the be
ginning of new enterprises.
In the face of all these obstacles,
Springfield has some energetic men, who
have been unceasing in their efforts to
inaugurate new business enterprises, re
quiring capital and labor. In order to
act more efficiently in advancing the in
terests of the city, the

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

101

SPRINGFIELD BOARD OF TRADE
Was organized July 13, 1869, with the
following well known business men and
firms as members :

Eobinson & Bauman,
F. George & Son,
F. Keisch & Son,
J. S. Vredenburgh,
Latham & Co.,
B. F. Fox,

Melvin & Glidiien,
Noite & Waltber,
Ackerman & Nolte,
Ensel & Mayer,
First National Bank,
John Williams & Co.,
Springfl'ld Savi'gs B'nk, B. F. Haynes & Co.,
S. Kosenwald, Dickerman & Co.,
Smith & Brother, James Conkliug, Jr.,
J. D B. Salter, Schuck & B.ker,
Butler, Lane & Co., J. B. Fosselmnn,
J. Thayer & Co., Van Ness & Ferguson,
T. 8. Little, Herbert Post,
G. 8. Dana, H. C. Myers & Son,
J. M. Fitzgerald, Wm. Lavely & Son,
Woods & Henkle, Geo. W. Schroyer & Co.,
C. A. Gehimann, H. Redlicb,
C. A. Helmle, H. B. Mueller,
Staley & Troxell, M. Mjers,
J. Bunn, J. C. & C. L. Conkling:,
Thomas Brady, C. H. Flower.
W. B. Miller,
S. H. Melvin was elected President, J.
S. Vredenburgh, Sr., First Vice Presi
dent ; A. Nolte, Second Vice President.
Directors — A. Mayer, H. Post, W. Lave
ly, F. Smith, G. N. Black, W. B. Miller,
F. W. Tracy, Treasurer ; W. R. Cowgill,
Secretary. The following committees were ap
pointed :
On Trade and Commerce — W. Lavely,
H. S. Dickerman, S. Rosenwald, Jacob
Bunn, B. H. Ferguson, B. F. Fox, Frank
Reisch, Jr.
On Arbitration — J. S. Vredenburgh,
Sr., John Williams, J. D. B. Salter, C. A.
Helmle, E. R. Thayer.
On Railroads — G. N. Black, W. Baker,
G. S. Dana, J. C. Henkle, J. W. Lane.
J. S. Vredenburgh ceased to be a vice-
president before the close of the first year,
and was succeeded by W. B. Miller.
With that exception the officers remain
unchanged; and the present directors are,
Isaac A. Hawley, A. Mayer, C. A. Gehr-
mann, G. N. Black, W. Lavely, and Her
bert Post.
As soon as the organization was effect
ed, the Board fitted up a large and con
venient room on South Fifth street, which
it occupies at the present time.
The beneficial effects of the Board of
Trade has been felt in many ways, but it
may be seen in the works of the Spring-
—U

field Watch Company, which was organ
ized directly through its influence. The
establishing and success of the Alexander
corn planter factory is largely due to the
workings of the Board of Trade also.
January 11, 1870, Mr. W. B. Cowgill,
the secretary, made a report to the Board,
embodying the result of his investigations
with reference to manufactures in the
city. He reported $350,000 as the total
capital invested in manufacturing enter
prises, giving employment to about three
hundred men. The corn planter factory
was then in its infancy, and the watch
company was not organized. With these
additions, and the increase of capacity in
the woolen mill, and some other improve
ments, the capital now invested must be
near three quarters of a million dollars,
and the hands employed about five hund
red. The sewing machines sold at three
agencies in this city, for the year 1869,
he reported at 1750, amounting to about
$145,000. Of the sale of agricultural implements
he had reports from but two agencies,
giving sales to the amount of $45,000.
From my own observations, and what. I
believe to be reliable data, I think $150,-
000 a very moderate estimate of the retail
trade in agricultural implements, annu
ally, exclusive of what is manufactured
in the city.
It would be well here to enumerate
some of the branches of manufacturing
that it is thought would be particularly
inviting. I have just estimated that the
retail trade at this point, of agricultural
implements shipped from all parts of the
country, is about $150,000 — it may be
nearer $200,000. If those implements
were manufactured here, the trade could
be very largely increased, as the rail
road facilities are now such as to be re
markably favorable to the wholesale
trade. By referring to the article on the Alex
ander corn planter, it will be seen that
sales for the season just closed amount

102

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AKD

to 2000 planters. The retail price at the
shop is sixty-five dollars, making an ag
gregate of $120,000 as the amount of sales
for the season, if all had been sold at re
tail. This is but a single implement, of
a kind unknown to the farmer, until
within a very few years. If factories were
established here for making plows, reap
ers, threshers, etc., the amount of sales in
agricultural implements alone could
easily be brought up to half a million
dollars, annually.
Cotton manufacturing could be done
here as cheap as at any other point in the
United States. The difference in the cost
of labor over the Eastern States would
be counterbalanced in savings on the trans-
portation of the raw material, which
could be obtained by way of St. Louis,
with less than one hundred miles of
freight by railroad — the manufactured
goods, being in the midst of the best mar
ket in the country, would save the freight
from the eastern cities also.
There are advantages here superior to
any other within the State, for rolling
mills, nail factories, car shops, stone foun-
deries, furniture factories, etc., etc.
The immense trade in sewing machines
from this place, and its abundant and in
creasing railroad facilities, with all its
other advantages, point to Springfield as
a good location for a manufactory of that
kind. The large and increasing trade in
pianos, reed organs, and other musical
instruments, would indicate this as a
suitable place for a manufactory of that
kind also.
I might go on, from one branch of man
ufacturing to another, and point out the
advantages for each particular branch;

but I will close by inviting, on behalf of
the business men of Springfield, manu
facturers of all kinds to investigate the
subject. You should, in the meantime,
bear in mind that the supply of water is
unlimited. That if you wish to transact
a business requiring a thousand tons of
coal, per day, it can be supplied with the
present facilities for mining as cheap and '
of as good quality as can be found any
where, east or west ; and if you want
more, the supply can be increased to an
unlimited extent.
You should consult the accompanying
map, and you will find that the railroad
communication is easy and direct with
all parts of the country.
In your investigations you could cor
respond with any citizen of Springfield
whose name appears in these pages ; but
if you mean business, your best way would
be to correspond with the Board of Trade,
the members and officers of which will
take pleasure in supplying you with ac
curate information on any subject you
may wish to investigate. But it would
be still better for you to visit Springfield
and call on the officers of the Board, who
will co-operate with you in finding the
best localities for any particular branch
of manufacturing,and where lands may be
procured on the most advantageous terms.
The city council of Springfield is dispos
ed to be liberal also, ahd will, no doubt,
be willing to make all reasonable conces
sions, in the way of water rents and taxes,
towards all parties who are desirous of
inaugurating any enterprise calculated
to develop the industrial resources of the
country. The invitation to all is, come
and see for yourselves.

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTtJBING.

103

THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT.

I have intentionally left this article
uutil the last, hoping to be able to an
nounce the day on which the Monument
will be dedicated.
It is too indelibly impressed upon the
minds of the American people to be
readily forgotten, that on the morning
of April 15, 1865, the sad news flashed
over the wires, that Abraham Lincoln
had fallen by the hand of an assassin.
Many days before the funeral cortege
arrived in Springfield an organization
was effected, for the purpose of collect
ing funds preparatory to erecting a mon
ument to his memory. His remains were
deposited in the receiving vault of Oak
Ridge Cemetery, on the 4th of May, and
on the 11th the organization took a legal
form under the title of The National
Lincoln Monument Association.
A Board of Directors were chosen,
who elected Gov. R. J. Oglesby, Presi
dent; Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, Vice Presi
dent ; Hon. James H. Beveridge, Treasu
rer ; Clinton B. Conkling, Secretary.
Circulars were sent out to all parts of
the country, soliciting contributions for
the purpose designated. The first act of
the Association was to erect a temporary
vault in Oak Ridge Cemetery, in which
to deposit the remains until the monu
ment could be completed. ^On the 21st
of December, 1865, the body of Mr.
Lincoln was removed from the receiving
vault of the Oak Ridge Cemetery to
that prepared by the Association for its
reception, within the grounds of the
cemetery. During the year 1865, contributions
came in from all parts of the conntry —
East, West, North, and some from the

South. They came from all classes of
citizens, from almost every denomina
tion of christians, from Jews, from edu
cational, industrial and benevolent or
ganizations of all kinds. The largest
proportion came from the colored people,
and the children of the Sunday schools.
When sufficient funds had been receiv
ed to justify it, the Association took
measures to commence the erection of the
monument. Early in 1868, it advertised
a " Notice to Artists," offering a liberal
premium for a suitable design for a mon
ument, and invited those interested to
send in drawings, naming Sept. 1st as
the day for examination. At the time
specified thirty-one designs were placed
on exhibition. That presented by Lar-
kin G. Mead — a native of Brattleboro,
Vermont, but who had spent several
years in Florence, Italy — was adopted.
The monument to be constructed of
granite and the statuary of bronze.
A contract was entered into with Mr.
Mead to mould and cast all the statuary,
consisting of four groups, representing
the Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and '
Navy ; also, a statue of Mr. Lincoln and
the coat of arms of the United States.
A price was fixed on each piece and
group of statuary, and the Association
reserved the privilege of ordering the
work to proceed on a single piece at a
time, or more, as its finances would jus
tify. Orders were at once given for the
artist to mould and cast the statue of
Mr. Lincoln and the coat of arms of the
United States.
The Association then entered into a
contract with W. D. Richardson, of
Springfield, to erect the architectural
part of the monument. Ground was

lOi

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

broken Sept. 9th, 1869, with ceremonials
appropriate to the occasion.
When all were assembled at the spot
chosen, Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, the Vice
President, gave a statement, in detail, of
the assets of the Association, which
amounted to $158,663 46. Its liabilities
were : — Contract with W. D. Richardson
lor building the architectural part of the
monument, $136,550, and with Larkin
G. Mead, for the bronze statue of Mr.
Lincoln, $13,700, and the coat of arms,
$1,500 ; making a total of $151,750; the
payment of which would leave a balance
of $6,913 46 in the treasury. The monu
ment would then be complete, except the
four groups of statuary.
It was expected that the architectural
part would be completed by Jan. 1, 1871,
but the delay by the railroads in trans
porting the granite from Quincy, Mass.,
made it necessary to defer part of it until
the present season. Mr. Richardson now
has all the materials on the ground,
with a full force of men, and he confi
dently expects to have it completed by
the 4th of July.
The plaster model of the statue of Mr.
Lincoln, commenced in 1869, was com
pleted and shipped to Chicopee, Massa
chusetts, together with the coat of arms,
in October, 1870, there to be cast from
cannon donated by the United States Con
gress for that purpose. As a work of art
it is regarded by competent critics to be
a perfect euccess.
A newspaper, called La Riforma, pub
lished in Florence, Italy, in its issue of
February 22, 1870, contains a criticism,
from a translation of wuich I make the
following quotations :
"The statue, which will rise in colossal
proportions from the monument, holds in
the left hand a scroll, upon which is
written "Emancipation," and in the other
the pen with which Lincoln blotted from
human history the stain of slavery. As
a symbol of union, to which he devoted
his existence, the fasces are placed near
the statue, upon which is thrown, in re

lief, the glorious banner of the republic.
* * * At the foot of the fasces reclines
a crown of laurel — that crown which
mankind have unanimously placed on
the head of the great citizen.
"But art stops when life is to be infus
ed into inert matter ; and then inspira
tion must be summoned, to express the
feeling and sentiment of a soul, which
reflects, as in a mirror, the grandeur of
the hero whose figure she would model.
* * * In this work Mr. Mead has sur
passed our expectations.
"The Florentines admire the works of
Mr. Mead, and desire to do homage to
the memory of Lincoln, who no longer
belongs exclusively to America, but to
the whole world — an honor to the human
race." Hon. W. M. Springer and lady were
in Florence at the time the above cri
ticisms were made, and he alludes to
them in one of his letters to the Journal
of this city :
"The comments of the Florentine pa
pers are very complimentary, and you
have a right to conclude that the statue
merits all that is said of it. Here, where
are found the finest works of Michael
Angelo and Canova, and the renowned
chefs d'ceuvre of Greek sculpture, every
work of this kind must stand upon its
own merits. All who have seen Mr.
Mead's statue of Mr. Lincoln admire it."
The coat of arms was completed before
the arrival of Mr. and Mrs. Springer. A
photograph of it, by L. Powers, a son of
Hiram Powers, who has a gallery adjoin
ing the studio of his father, is before me.
It was presented by Mr. Mead to Mrs.
Springer. The coat of arms is in bas relief; the
shield with part of the stars obscured,
supports the American Eagle. The olive
branch, having been tendered, until it
was spurned by the ' foe ; is cast under
foot, and the conflict rages until the
chain of slavery is torn asunder, one por
tion remaining grasped in the talons of

ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTUEING.

105

the Eagle and the other held aloft in his
beak. Hon. J. C. Conkling, of this city, a
long and intimate friend of Mr. Lincoln,
was at Chicopee in December last, and
his descriptions of the models are simi
lar to those previously given. He says
the statue of Mr. Lincoln is about twelve
feet high, and that the features are re
markably accurate.
I cannot, in this article, give a detailed
description of the monument, but will
content myself with a brief sketch of the
outlines. The foundation for the obelisk
is seventeen feet square, and commences
sixteen feet beneath the surface. From
the bottom it is built up a solid mass of
masonry, thirty-one feet, bringing it fif
teen feet above the ground line. To
this height it is surrounded by a terrace
seventy-four feet square. From the ter
race the obelisk rises eighty-five feet
making it just one hundred feet above
the surface of the ground. The obelisk
is twelve feet square at the top of the
terrace, and tapers to eight feet square at
the apex.
The shaft has a circular opening six
feet in diameter from the terrace to the
top, where there is a small square room
with three windows, twelve inches in
diameter, on each side. A circular iron
stairway ascends the entire distance.
From this room at the top a fine view of
Springfield and the surrounding country
can be enjoyed.
The terrace being seventy-four feet
square, there is a semi-circular projection
at the north side, the same height of the
terrace, which is called the Catacomb.
The Catacomb has six Crypts for the re
mains of Lincoln and his- immediate
family. It is entered from the ground
by a door on the extreme north
There is an oval projection at the south
side, the same height of the terrace,
which is calle'd Memorial Hall. It is de
signed as a receptacle for articles used
by or in any way associated with Mr.
Lincoln. It is entered from the ground
by a door at the extreme south.

The terrace is reached by four flights
of stone steps, one from each corner ;
two landing over the Catacomb and two
over Memorial Hall. The Terrace, Cata
comb and Memorial Hall, are all covered
with immense slabs of planed lime stone
from the quarries near Joliet. This
makes a fine promenade on every side of
the obelisk. On a level with the Terrace
a door enters the obelisk at the south
side, and from there the ascent by the
circular iron stairway begins.
There is a projection from the side of
the obelisk just over the door. The
United States coat of arms forms the front
of the projection, and this is the pedestal
on which the statue of Lincoln is to
stand, with his face towards the south.
The entire exterior walls of the terrace,
catacomb, memorial hall and obelisk is
granite, which will all be in its place
early in July.
The Association is not yet prepared to
name the exact day for the dedication,
because they do not know just how soon
the statue and coat of arms will be com
pleted. In order to give ample time for
placing them in position, I am authorized
to say that the dedication will take place
in the latter part of September or early
in October. As soon as it can be done
without danger of disappointment, the
public will be notified of the exact day
to be devoted to removing the remains
of Mr. Lincoln from the temporary vault
to the Crypt designed for it in the Cata
comb, and unveiling the statue. The cap
stone was elevated to its position Monday
morning, May 22d, without any ceremo
nials except the puffing of the little steam
engine that runs the derrick, and the
few words of command addressed by the
master builder to the workmen.
This does not complete the monument,
as there is some work to do on the Cata
comb, Memorial Hall, and the outer walls
of the Terrace ; which can be done more
easily after the hoisting machinery is re
moved from the obelisk.

106

SPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS.

ANNOUNCEMENT.

With the approval and co-operation of
the officers of the National Lincoln Mon
ument Association, I have commenced
preparing a
HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE NA
TIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT.
It will embrace a minute historical ac
count of the inception of the enterprise,
from whom and from whence came the
contributions, with such incidents con
nected with raising the money as it may
be thought will be of general interest.
The description of the monument will
be both minute and elaborate. It will
be illustrated by eight or ten engravings,
which w^th the written description will
give a clear understanding of the whole
structure, in all its parts. The illustra
tions will commence with the ground
plan, followed by views of the Catacomb,
with its six Crypts, for the reception of
the burial caskets of Lincoln and his im
mediate family, Memorial Hall, parts of
the terrace, tablets with the names of the
States forming the cordon around the
monument above the terrace, ending with
a full page engraving of the monument,
as it is to be when completed.
Not the least interesting among the
illustrations will be a facsimile of a stone
— with its Latin inscription and a, trans
lation of the same — which was taken
from the fragment of a wall built around
that ancient city, during the reign of Ser-
vius Tullius, the Sixth King of Rome,
who ascended the throne in the year 578
before the Christian era. He sprang
from the common people, and his entire

reign was devoted to their elevation and
improvement. For this reason he was
assassinated by the minions of tyranny
and oppression, in the 44th year of his
reign. After Abraham Lincoln was re-elected
president of the United States, some
Roman patriots who had evidently traced
the similarity between the lives of their
ancient king, and the president of the
American republic, took this stone from
the old wall of Servius Tullius, placed the
inscription on it which it now bears, and
sent it to Washington City, in order "to
associate the names of those two brave
assertors of liberty." Before its arrival
the parallel had been completed by the
assassination of Abraham Lincoln also.
By the exertions of the Hon. Shelby M.
Cullom, the stone was sent from Wash
ington to Springfield, arriving at the of
fice of Hon. Jesse K- Dubois, September
15th, 1870. It will remain in his office
until memorial hall is completed, when
it will be removed to that place.
The book will be completed by the fif
teenth of August, and in order to bring
it within the reach of the most humble,
it will be published in two forms, and
sent in paper covers by mail, to any ad
dress, on receipt of 75 cents, and neatly
bound in cloth for $1.00. Address J. C.
Power, P. O. Box, 800 Springfield 111.
Editors noticing this article, stating
title and price of the book, with my ad
dress, and sending me a copy of the
paper containing the same, will receive a
bouud copy of the book, as soon as it is
published.

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY