"I give thefe Booki for fte faum&ng cf a Cotligt in This Colony' Bought with the income of the ^^ &^ more industrious than others, built their chimneys of sticks, log house style, and plastered the inside with mud. In the same way were the houses of the poor whites and negroes provided with means to let the smoke escape, the cooking all being done by the open fire place. Ovens were built out of doors in which to bake bread, as few of the chimneys in the camp reached above the top of the tent and there was more or less trouble to make them draw. To remedy this, boards were fastened on the top and shifted with the wind. The regiment had left Lynnfield with much less than its REMOVAL TO MUDDY BRANCH. 45 full quota, and the enlisted men of the ten companies were now consolidated into nine, those in Company H being distrib uted among the others. A new company was then authorized to be raised in Essex county by Charles U. Devereux, the for mer First Sergeant of the Salem Zouaves and brother of Lieut. ' Col. Devereux. This company arrived at Muddy Branch on December 13, 1861, bringing with it 125 men. Its complement was but 101, and all over this number were sent to the other companies as recruits. This brought the membership of the regiment up to 939 men. In the new company were many members of the Salem Zouaves who had served through the Three Months Campaign. Beside Capt. Devereux were First Lieutenant Albert Thorndike, First Sergt. Wm. R. Driver, Sergeants Albert C. Douglas, George B. Symonds and Samuel H. Smith and Corp. A. Frank Hutch- ings. This company was at once mustered into service as the new Company H, and given the nickname of ' ' The Lapstone Light Infantry. ' ' A family reunion of the Salem Zouaves nat urally followed. Tents were issued to the new company, and everybody turned their attention to making themselves comfortable. Stockades were built about the tent, with fire-places and such other conveniences as the experience of those who had been longer domiciled could suggest. The officers of the new company built a log hut of generous dimensions, with a bed built of poles covering about all the available ground space. It left only enough room to get in and out to feed the fire, which was left burning most of the time in the great fire place. In this cabin, old friends lounged on the bed, played cards, studied and dis cussed the Tactics and Regulations, "jawed " and spat m the fire. Lieut. Col. Devereux and others of the old company were frequent visitors. On December 20 recruits to the number of 117 arrived among them "Billy" Hill, another Salem Zouave, who came out as Sergeant in Co. F. Another reunion was immediately held. The duties of the regiment in its new camp, were of a 46 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. nature to preclude the possibility of drill. It had 13 miles of the Potomac, from Great Falls to Seneca Falls to picket, three de fensive blockhouses to build, 48 feet each way, of the shape of a Greek cross, four feet thick, twelve feet high, with loopholes for infantry arms, roofed with logs three feet thick and covered then with three feet of earth. Two hundred and twenty five officers and men of the regiment were engaged in this work. All the logs used in the construction had to be felled and squared with common axes, hauled to the different eminences on which the buildings were to be erected, and then placed, each log being fitted and pinned with treenails. These were to protect the ford and lock at Whitehouse on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Long after the regiment left this vicinity, these block houses played a conspicuous part in preventing raids across the river. As two towns, Rockville and Darnestown, required a pro vost guard, Company A, Capt. Merritt, was given the duty. In addition the camp and stores of the regiment demanded a quarter guard. A bakery for the regiment was erected and flour instead of stale bread, was drawn from Poolesville, Levi Woofindale, of Company G, being appointed regimental baker. The headquarters of the regiment were located in an old wooden building and here also were the quarters of the Adjut ant, Quartermaster and Surgeon. Tents scattered about the building were used for the non-commissioned staff and men de tailed at headquarters. The balance of the regiment were housed in tents. Guard mounting took place each morning. The band was still with the regiment, and the players had a hard time in keeping their fingers warm during inspection and review. This guard mounting, being all the military duty there was to do, was made much of. The weather was very bad and many were sick. Mud and rain, snow, fever, flux and death seemed to be everywhere in abundance. Heavy artillery and musketry fire was heard every few days at distant points and the men grew impatient to go^ forward. While at Muddy Branch, the adjutants of regiments were ordered to instruct the color sergeants in the use of the flag for signalling by day and of signal cartridges by night. The sig- REMOVAL TO MUDDY BRANCH. 47 nal kit, as it was called, consisted of a waist belt, cartridge box for the signals, and a brass barrelled pistol with which to fire them. The signals were cylindrical in shape, an inch or more in diameter, with a wooden projection at the bottom to fit the bar rel of the pistol. The quick match protruded from the end of this wooden projection. These cartridges were covered with colored paper, indicating the color that would show when they were lighted. The pistols were fitted with a percussion lock,' the signal would be inserted in the barrel as far as the wood plug, leaving the cartridge sticking up outside and the quick match extending down the inside of the barrel. A percussion cap would then be placed on the nipple, and, when snapped by pulling the trigger, the spark would ignite the quickmatch and the signal would be fired like a bengola light. The first signal issued to the Nineteenth regiment is now in the possession of Capt. Reynolds. These signals were in vogue before the organization of the signal corps, which afterward be came a separate, distinct and efficient branch of the service and has been ever since. There was a "countersign" for the quarter or regimental guard at night, a ' ' parole ' ' for the picket guard, and signals as described for distant signalling. The countersign was a distinct matter in itself and was chana^d, together with the ' ' challenge" and "reply" of day or night, every 24 hours. It was written on a piece of paper, which was then folded into a triangular shape, like a "cocked hat," three inches long, sealed with wax at the corners, addressed to the commander of the regiment, marked "0. B., " which meant " Official Business, ' ' and further marked "Confidential." Woe to the officer or man who, with out authority broke one of the little seals. The Regulations provided for summary punishment in such a case, but this never occurred in the Nineteenth Massachusetts. One of the counter signs which has been preserved reads, "Kansas," the parole "Missouri." The day challenge is "22," the reply "112," made by motions of the flag. The night challenge is "Red-White," the reply being "White." (*) These colors (*) This signal, not being used, became void, and is preserved by Captain Reynolds among his war souvenirs. 48 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. designated by the outer wrapper on the signal cartridge, corre spond with the instructions in the little folded ' ' cocked hat. " Nearly all of these were countersigned " Official, John C. Chadwick, Act. Asst. Adjt. Genl.," who served in this capacity at Brigade Headquarters for a long time. CHAPTER VII. THE WINTER AT MUDDY BRANCH. The evenings at headquarters were often interesting. There was plenty of time to study, discuss and exemplify the tactics and regulations. Acting Adjutant Reynolds had a ' ' wooden regiment, ' ' made and sent to him by his father, and these were frequently brought into use to demonstrate a movement in the tactics. This series of blocks is still preserved among his army collection. Major Howe, or "Jack" Howe, as he was called, and Dr. J. Franklin Dyer, the regimental surgeon, were always good na- turedly discussing the seniority of their respective positions, one being a major of the line, the other a major of the general (or medical) staff. This matter was brought up by one or the other of them nearly every evening, each making his claim and supporting it in strong but good humored argument. When sitting around the open fire and the conversation flagged, the major or the doctor would take a fresh cigar and between the whiffs, coincident to the lighting of it, would say to the other, "Well, Major — " and all present would burst out laugh ing, hitch up a little closer and listen, for everybody knew that the old question was about to be re-opened by some new para graph in the regulations or tactics which had been discovered since the last argument. But the question was never settled, and furnished material for an endless discussion. On one oc casion, Major Howe, who had been studiously reading the tactics, was seen to suddenly put down the book, stand erect and say with much emphasis to Col. Hinks, "Colonel, I have read the tactics and army regulations through, and I can't find the first thing that a major is responsible for." Colonel Hinks looked at Major Howe for a moment, then replied, "Major, make a study of guard duty." (49) 50 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Every member of the regiment will remember that Major Howe did so, and was an authority on quarter guard, picket and outpost duty. Nothing pleased him more than to be de tailed, later on, when the regiment was engaged in more active duty, as Field Officer of the Day, in which he always excelled. An amusing incident occurred at Whitehouse Lock, where there was a tail race. The lock itself was spanned by a nar row plank walk. Two men had been drowned by falling into the lock, and the noise of the race had prevented their cries being heard. Late one night, Capt. Weymouth of Company G, commanding the outpost, heard someone struggling in the lock and calling for help. He managed to fish out the unfor tunate person, who wore a Brigadier General's uniform, and put him in front of a fire in his quarters, dressed in clothing furnished by the officer on duty. It was in December, and he was not only nearly drowned but as nearly frozen to death. The man proved to be Governor William Sprague, of Rhode Island, on his way to Poolesville to visit some batteries from his state which were stationed there. He had taken a notion to ride up the tow path of the canal in the night, from Wash ington, so as to reach Poolesville by daylight. As he had the countersign and parole, he could pass all the pickets. He had fastened his horse and endeavored to reach the storehouse, where he saw light and hoped to get warmth and refreshments but slipped into the lock in crossing. During the stay of the regiment at Muddy Branch, there were numerous changes in the roster. Q. M. S. Oliver F. Briggs, of Company A. was promoted to be Second Lieutenant in that Company : Com. Sergt. Elisha A. Hinks, of Company B. was made Second Lieutenant, Vice Second Lieut. James G. Lurvey, honorably discharged. Second Lieut. Geo. M. Barry, of Com pany E, was honorably discharged and First Sergt. M. A. McNamara was promoted to the position. During January and February the officers were very much scattered. Col. Hinks was absent in Massachusetts, and Lieut. Col. Devereux was left in command of the district from Great Falls to Seneca. Adjt. John C. Chadwick 'was acting Asst. Adjt. General at the headquarters of the First Brigade, Corps THE WINTER AT MUDDY BRANCH. 51 of Observation; Capt. C. M. Merritt, Company A. was at Rockville as Provost Marshall, with Second Lieut. W. L. Palmer, of Company I, as Deputy Marshall; Capt. J. Scott Todd, of Company C, was at Seneca in charge of building de fensive blockhouses; Capt. James D. Russell, of Company D, at Muddy Branch Lock, building the defensive blockhouse between Muddy Branch and Seneca and Second Lieut. Samuel Baxter was with him. Capt. Edmund Rice, of Company F, had charge of the picket line on the Potomac River at Seneca Lock, while Second Lieut. Dudley C. Mumford was at Lock No. 31, Chesapeake & Ohio Canal. Capt. Weymouth, of Com pany G, was at Whitehouse Lock. A number from the regiment had been sent away on re cruiting duty, including First Lieut. Moncena Dunn, of Com pany D, Sergt. Warner W. Tilton, of Company A, Sergt. Ephraim A. Hall, Jr., Company F, Corp. John N. Thompson, Company B ; Privates Edward K. Davis, Company D ; Edward Z. Braley, Company D; Michael Sullivan, Company E. First. Lieut. George W. Bachelder, of Company C, was made the Acting Regimental Adjutant while at Muddy Branch, from January 4th, during the absence of First Lieut. John P. Reynolds, on leave. On Feb. 21st, dress parade was had and Col. Sinks pre sided for the first time in four months. The regimental band played "Home Sweet Home" after dismissal, and many a "boy" wished he was there. A detachment of 32 recruits was received from the depot on February 24, and they were distributed among Companies D. and F. The regiment was busily employed until March 12, 1862, when it was ordered to join Sedgwick's Division and the balance of the Brigade, under command of Brigadier Gen. N. J. T. Dana, at Harper's Ferry, on its way to reinforce Gen. Banks and Shields in the Shenandoah Valley. The tents which had sheltered the the men since they left Massachusetts were taken down and sent to Washington with the extra personal baggage. A flotilla of canal boats was taken at Edward's 52 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Ferry and on these were loaded the wagons, ammunition and supplies, and the regiment started for Harper's Ferry. The boats were lazily drawn along by mules up the Chesa peake & Ohio Canal to the Point of Rocks. This proved to be a very pleasant and agreeable journey, the weather was pleasant and the scenery beautiful. The Potomoc, with its many rapids fringed with trees and bushes, green with their new foliage, with hills and mountains making on the opposite side a background beautiful and picturesque, made a scene long to be remembered. The canal wound along the bank at the foot of the mountains, which, as they neared Harper's Ferry, rose in steep crags and precipices with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad running between. Arriving opposite the town on the 13th of March, the men landed, crossed the pontoon bridge to Harper's Ferry and formed in the street, on which stood the ruins of a United States' Arsenal, the scene of John Brown's exploit, which at that time was filled with rebel prisoners. Then they marched back to the hill and encamped in Boliver, situated on higher ground above the village of Harper's Ferry. As the command stopped here for a day, the men had an opportunity to look around the place. The ruins of the goverment works, and the place of Brown's temporary confinement were viewed by all with much interest. The men were now on the sacred soil of Virginia and felt that soon they would have work to do. On the following day the regiment marched to Charlestown, the place where Brown was tried and hung, and camped in a grove on the outskirts of the village, to await orders from the front, where Banks' troops had been engaged at Winchester. Many visited the field where Brown was hung and the village ; inhabitants of which were found to be very warm and out spoken secessionists and- confident of winning in the great struggle. Company A was ordered back to Harper's Ferry as a Provost Guard, while the rest of the regiment marched on. The regiment on the right of the Third Brigade was lead ing the column and when they reached the village the next morning some one struck up "John Brown's body lies a THE WINTER AT MUDDY BRANCH. 53 mouldering in the ground." The whole regiment immediately joined in the chorus. (They were all singers, — then.) But to their surprise, Col. Hinks issued orders that the singing should immediately be stopped. Soon they saw what he intended, for the band began to play the same tune, and then the men joined in again and rolled it out with vigor all the way through the town. The whole Corp took up the song and through the streets of the little town 15,000 men marched and sang the refrain. There were many in the town who looked on from behind the closed blinds, and scowled, but here and there a face could be seen beaming with satisfaction to see the Union troops marching down to victory. Many colored people were upon the streets, but no white people came out. The teams were behind, there were no tents to shelter the men and at night they were ordered into a field covered with heavy oak timber, to do the best they could for shelter. An order had been issued from army headquarters for- biding the taking of any property, even of old Secessionists, for the use of the army. The order included even fence rails, which must be protected and not put to use. The enemy's outposts had been driven away from behind the breastwork of rails which they had piled up for their protection. The men soon began to collect these and build fires, but the commander did not interfere, realizing that there are times when necessity overtops all rules. The men were wet through, were tired and hungry and to save the regiment from possible serious sickness, fires were indispensible. By the next night Dana's brigade had reached Berryville, where it joined the other two brigades of the division, under command of Brig. Gen. John Sedgwick. It was not destined, however, to remain in the Shenandoah Valley with Banks for, on the the 15th of March, the Division started early on its return to Harper's Ferry and encamped on Boliver Heights, occupy ing the deserted houses, which made very comfortable quarters. Here the command remained until March 24. It rained steadily all the time, and the streets, cut up by the constant passage of heavy teams, were reduced to a condition rivaling those at Muddy Branch. CHAPTER VIII. THE SIEGE OF YORKTOWN. On Monday, March 24, the regiment left Boliver Heights at 7.30 A.M. for Harper's Ferry to join General McClellan's army, en route for the Peninsula. After two hours of tedious waiting at the Ferry, they crossed the river on single planks, placed end to end, along the railroad bridge just completed. On reaching Sandy Hook on the Maryland side, the men waited in the cold until 10 P.M. before the train arrived and when it came they beheld the freight cars as friends in which they had travelled before. The officers, however, rejoiced in a passenger car. After a tedious night's ride, the regiment reached Washington on March 25 and occupied the same Sol dier 's Rest as was provided on its first arrival at the Capitol in August, 1861, but the lodging, this time, was inside, instead of outside the building. In the morning of Wednesday they marched to a camp ground in the environs and during the brief stay there were much complimented for their excellent discipline, exemplary conduct, correct drill and fine parade. On March 27, at 5.30 P.M. the regiment marched down Pennsylvania Avenue, amid clouds of dust, to the foot of Sixth Street, where it embarked upon the transport, ' ' North America " for Fortress Monroe. On account of a sudden storm which came up just as the boat left the Potomac River, the vessel put back behind Point Lookout to avoid being swamped. The boat was very leaky, old and unseaworthy, and narrowly escaped wreck. The men were crowded between the decks like cattle and the brief experience on shipboard was very trying. At Point Lookout the regiment debarked and remained on shore over night, the "Non-Corns" being placed in a two- room cottage, while the men found quarters in the deserted Point Lookout Hotel. (54) THE SIEGE OF YORKTOWN. 55 There were many evidences of the popularity of the hotel in the days that had passed, and a number of tickets for a Grand Hop ' ' were found and kept as souvenirs. Re-embarking on the following morning, the regiment reached Fortress Monroe at 9 P.M. that evening, March 30, and disembarked in the morning, marching over execrable roads into camp at Hampton. This place had been burned by the rebels, and nothing but chimneys were left to show its site. A large army had already assembled at Hampton and the prac tical formation of the Army of the Potomac took place there. The Nineteenth Massachusetts Regiment was made a part of the First Brigade, commanded by Brig. Gen. N. J. T. Dana; of the Second Division, commanded by Brig. Gen. John Sedg wick; of the Second Corps, commanded by Maj. Gen. E. V. Sumner. The two other Brigades of the Division were com manded by Brig. Gen. Gorman and Brig. Gen. Burns. Camp was pitched here as though a long stay was to be made, the men being quartered in Sibley tents, it being the first time they had been thus housed. Thereafter, only shelter tents were used. Each man carried his part of it. Five pieces would make a tent, four for the roof and one for the end, and each tent sheltered five men. Sometimes four men would own, between them, six pieces and they would have more room and a tent with two ends to keep out the wind and rain in stormy weather. For sticks to hold them up, they had to trust to luck. Two forked sticks, about four feet long, would be driven into the ground and a longer one placed across it. Then the four pieces of tent, having been buttoned together, would be stretched over and pinned to the ground. As far as the eye could reach there was a sea of tents, wagons, horses, ambulances, infantry, artillery, cavalry, siege and pontoon trains, each branch complete in itself. There were on the ground, with the army, 126 regiments, batteries and cavalry. General McClellan arrived on April 3, and the order was given for the main body of the army to be ready the next morn ing foflthe advance upon Yorktown. The soldiers were ordered to prepare five day's rations, three in their knapsacks and two in the wagons. This command sent a thrill of joy through the 56 THE NINETEENTH* MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. ranks, for all were weary of the long months of quiet, during which they had loitered behind the intrenchments on the Potomac. As the shades of night settled down over the bustling camp, a scene more beautiful than imagination can conceive was presented to the eye. In that genial clime, the air was deliciously pure and balmy; there was no wind and scarcely a leaf moved. The new moon shone serenely in a cloudless sky, without sufficient power to eclipse the myriad of stars which crowded the firmament. The exultant soldiers threw rails and logs upon their camp fires and the crackling flames so brilliantly illumined the scene that, as with the light of day, all the move ments of the camp were revealed. Never did a picnic festival present a more joyous aspect. The groups of soldiers were in all picturesque attitudes. Some were writing home, others were frolicking and dancing, with shouts which rang through the groves. Some were burnishing their arms, mending their clothing, or cooking food for the hungry hours which they knew would soon come; while others were soundly sleeping with the green turf alone for mattress and pillow. The white tents scattered around added not a little to the beauty of the spectacle. Enlivening music from many bands rose over all and floated through the night air in soul-stirring strains. But at length the moon went down. The camp fires burned more and more dimly until they expired, and the silence of night enveloped the sleeping camp. At three o'clock in the morning, at the sound of the reveille, every soldier sprang up. The camp fires were instantly replenished and almost in a moment the gloom of the undawned morning was dispelled by the flashings of a thousand flames. The hot coffee was soon made, the morning meal hastily eaten, and at half past five the brigades were formed in line of march. Each soldier carried his piece of shelter tent. Six wagons only were allowed each regi ment for officers' tents, baggage and the hospital and com missary stores. As the column took up its line of march, the cavalry and sharpshooters were sent in advance, to reconnoitre and to re- THE SIEGE OF YORKTOWN. 57 move any obstructions of felled trees or broken bridges by which the enemy might have endeavored to retard their prog ress. The main body of the troops advanced by the direct route to Yorktown. General Morrill's Brigade and Genera] Hamilton 's Division of the Third Corps took a road which led to the right. The route traversed by both wings of the army led through the old fortifications of Big Bethel and over a fer tile and very beautiful region, shaded with forests and embel lished with the mansions of the wealthy planters. It was formerly the garden spot of Virginia, but the war had already spread its desolation over the once fair fields and they were now perfectly devastated. The farms were forsaken, and the little villages were abandoned by their terrified inhabitants. "A rain storm of several hour's duration compelled a halt and during that time Generals McClellan and Heintzelman passed the column on horseback. The cheering grew gradually and constantly louder as they approached, culminating in a deafening roar as they passed and gradually died away in the distance, showing at once the extent of the line and the' enthu siasm of the soldiery under such a leader as their favorite, "Little Mac." At the end of the second day 's march, the army encamped on a plain about two miles from the enemy's works at York- town. A sharp artillery duel followed. Here army life began in real earnest. Uncooked rations were served to the men and the company cooks were ordered to the ranks. On the 7th of April, the Nineteenth and Twentieth Massa chusetts regiments, under the command of General Dana, started on a reconnoissance of the enemy 's works. After dis covering the fortifications at Winn's Mills, the Nineteenth was ordered to march through a belt of woods down upon the works, then pass along their front and discover its extent. This was successfully accomplished under a sharp musketry fire, in the midst of which the regiment moved steadily and unflinchingly as if on drill. Two of the captains in the regiment, in their enthusiasm, borrowed each a musket from their men and pep pered away at the enemy until ordered by a staff officer to desist. 58 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. After gaining the requisite knowledge of the locality by thus drawing the enemy 's fire, the regiment was halted where it was partially sheltered in a ravine and remained there two hours, subjected to a vigorous fire from the guns of thja works; At nightfall they were withdrawn. The officers and men be haved admirably and called forth General Dana 's hearty com mendation. Captain Wass and Privates Patrick Murphy and David Duran of Company K were wounded, and Private An drew Fontain, of Company D, was killed, — being the first man in the regiment to be killed. During the reconnoisance a drizzling rain had prevailed and everything and everybody was thoroughly soaked. At night the men were stationed in an old cornfield with one foot on one hill and another on the other, with several inches of water between them. In this position, steaded by their mus kets, many of them stood up all night. The officers were huddled together into a half dozen Sibley tents hastily put up. The ground was so wet that it was impossible to keep dry and the water ran in sheets under and through these tents. On the following day the army moved forward to the close investment of the enemy 's works. General Sumner was placed in command of the left wing, consisting of his own and the Fourth Corps. He was in front of the line of the Warwick, while the Third Corps was charged with the operations against Yorktown itself. Sedgwick 's Division held the line along the front of the fortifications at Winn 's Mills. On the day after the investment was made, Lieut. Col. Devereux was, by Special Order, placed in charge of 3000 men, who worked day and night in the erection of the batteries and redoubts for the reduction of the works in front of the division. ' The enemy's position extended across the Peninsula from Yorktown, on the York River, to Warwick, on Warwick Creek, a small stream which emptied into the James. From the natural defence of this creek, which they had dammed at Winn's Mills and Lee 's Mills, and the conformity of the flooded land in that vicinity, the enemy were, by a comparatively short line of works, able to command all the roads up the Peninsula THE SIEGE OF YORKTOWN. 59 leading to Richmond. They also held Gloucester, opposite Yorktown, on the eastern side of the York River, where the banks of that stream approach and form a narrow strait. McClellan reported that "the position of the enemy is a strong one. From present indications their fortifications extend some two miles in length and mount heavy guns. The ground in front of their heavier guns is low and swampy, making it utterly impassable." The first camp of shelter tents was pitched within two miles of the enemy's outworks of Yorktown on a level plain, and was called, "Camp Winfield Scott." The men of the Nineteenth were employed in picket duty and building cordu roy roads. One morning the Brigade was ordered out in light marching order and moved by the flank into the woods in the direction of the enemy 's works. After marching a mile or so, it halted in the edge of some woods. The right [Capt. Wass,] and left [Capt. Rice,] flank companies of the regiment were deployed as skirmishers. After the two companies had got their distance ahead, the rest of the regiment moved after them by the flank, the rest of the brigade having gone off to the right. After advancing about twenty rods, the men came to a road which crossed the one that they had been following. Filing to the right into this and following it some rods, the skirmishers moving by the flank, they halted and lay down behind a bank along the side of the road. In front, a thick growth of young wood, six or eight feet in height, prevented them from seeing what was there. Into this the skirmishers moved and in a minute encountered the enemy's pickets, who retired to their works. A few shots were exchanged with the ' ' Johnnies ' ' to amuse them, while the engineers, who had come out for the purpose, got a sketch of the fort in the front. This being accomplished, they fell back near the regiment, which then moved to the right out of the woods and advanced by com pany front across a field into a thick pine forest, with little underbrush. Moving into' it a short distance, the skirmishers made a right half wheel and almost immediately came into collision with the rebel pickets. A lively encounter took place 60 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. between them, in which Captain Wass, of Company K had his shoulder strap shot off and one of his men was wounded in the arm, when the rest of the regiment, moved forward and the rebels retreated to their works. After going forward a short distance, the regiment flanked to the left and marched about a quarter of a mile, countermarching into a ravine somewhat nearer the enemy's works, and halted. The Andrew Sharpshooters came up and advanced to the edge of the woods, the skirmishers falling back. Taking a position behind a fence they fired at the men in the enemy's works and then dodged back into the ravine to reload. The enemy at once sent back a volley of musket balls which went buzzing harmlessly overhead. The sharpshooters crept up and gave them another shot, receiving the same attention as at first, accompanied by an unearthly yelling and howling from behind the "Johnnies' " breastworks. The bullets passed overhead as before. The enemy tried canister, and finding that those did no damage, fired solid 32 pound shot, all going overhead and far to the rear. Then they tried a shell which fell nearer; another burst directly overhead and the next burst directly in front, sending the pieces with full force among the men but doing no harm. When the engineers had accomplished their object the sharpshooters were ordered to cease firing. The enemy also stopped and the men began the dreary march back to camp, in darkness and the pouring rain. Arriving at about 10 o'clock, they found the camp completely flooded, there being no place to lie down, but the cooks had a nice hot vegetable soup which they were very glad to fill up on, being very tired, wet and thoroughly chilled. There being no place in the camp which was not ankle deep with water, the men groped their way in the darkness to higher ground and lay down on the damp earth to sleep, awaking in the morning still wet and chilled. The sun soon came out, however, and they dried themselves by taking a sun-bath. Little drilling was done during the stay here, there being so much extra duty, which consisted chiefly of building corduroy roads. The regiment would go out in charge of the lieutenant- colonel or major, leaving only a camp guard behind. On arriv- LIEUTENANT COLONEL ARTHUR FORRESTER DEVEREUX. BREVET BRIG. GENERAL U. S. V. (Enlarged from small war-time photograph.) THE SIEGE OF YORKTOWN. 61 ing at the road to be repaired or built, arms would be stacked, the companies sent to different points and divided into details, one to fell trees and cut theni in suitable lengths; another to at tend to the hauling, while a third would put them in place and cover with brush and dirt. Wagon trains, constantly passing to the front and returning, made things lively all the time, and once in a while enabled the men to vary their work by helping to get a mule out of the mud. So the siege went on. Day by day, the pick, the spade and the rifle were in active use. The exhausting labor in the trenches bore down its hundreds, while the bullets lay low a dozen: Private Benjamin E. Morgan, of Company A, was wounded by the bursting of a shell while on picket, April 24. The position of the camp was changed several times before the evacuation. These camps were anything but comfortable. The land was low and flat, water could be found almost any where at a foot below the surface. Natural springs were seldom found and the water was muddy and impure. Everything was filthy, and the frequent rains, followed by a broiling sun, caused much sickness. It was not an uncommon thing to march half a company to the sick call. While Lieutenant-Colonel Devereux was detailed for duty with the Engineer Corps, he superintended the erection of a tall signal tower, built of logs piled up cross-wise like a log hut, nar rowing toward the top. This signal tower was a constant target for the enemy who sent their daily compliments in the shape of shells. The Union artillery would reply and the duel was a progressive one. The regiment was constantly employed working on in trenchments and picket duty, in addition to its road making. It would move out of camp in the morning in light marching order, one day's rations in haversacks, and proceed to the ex treme front, where small redoubts were built, with embrasures for guns, the rifle pits extending, to right and left, to similar works of the adjoining company. The work would take all day, the officer keeping watch for the smoke of the rebel guns, as their works could be plainly seen about a mile away across the marsh. When a puff of smoke was seen, some one would call 62 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. out "Down" and every man would, without inquiring why, jump behind the breastworks. Almost instantly a shell would bury itself in the bank or go screeching over their heads far to the rear through the forest, cutting a limb off here, a tree top there, but never doing harm to the Nineteenth 's men, although wound ing or killing a man, occasionally, far in the rear. At night the men were sent to the front on picket, going out after it got dark enough to hide their movements from the enemy and being withdrawn just at daybreak. There was a swamp on the left, covered with a thick growth of bushes, with here and there a tall pine. Through this swamp the men were stationed in couples and relieved each other at regular intervals. Generally one would be on duty and one would sleep until mid night, when they would change places. Capt. Harry Hale, during the siege of Yorktown, had a colored servant who bore the familiar name of George Washing ton. For the captain's dinner, one day, this darkey brought out a can of salmon and, thinking to warm it, put it over the fire. The fire did not burn up as quickly as he wished, so he got down on his knees and started to blow it. There was an explosion, and in an instant the darkey appeared before his astonished captain, his face and head covered with a pinkish substance which had gone into his ears, eyes and mouth and was stringing off from his kinky wool. Captain Hale thought at first that the poor darkey's head had been hurt by a shell and that it was brains that he saw all over it, but he soon learned that the can of salmon had exploded and scattered its contents over the frightened servant. CHAPTER IX. THE EVACUATION OF YORKTOWN. MCCLELLAN'S PURSUIT. Lieut. Jeff Hazard, of the Rhode Island battery, assigned to the Third Brigade, was a skilled, workman with his pieces. The enemy's batteries, about a mile away, were distinctly visi ble from his position. As an officer was watching him sight the pieces one afternoon, Lieutenant Hazard turned to him and said : ' ' Want to see me put a shot into that roof over there ? ' ' selecting one for his purpose. "You watch," he added, and, sighting the piece, ordered the men to fire. In a second or two his shell had struck the roof of the rebel barracks and the shingles and lumber were seen to spatter in all directions. In another in stant the men manning the little battery were hastily getting out of the way of the enemy 's leaden answer. The manner in which the rebels erected a sand bag battery was watched with interest. They would run out of their en trenchments with an empty bag. One would hold the bag and two others would dump sand into it with a shovel, working as fast as they could until they saw the flash of Hazard's guns. Then they would scoot back under cover again. Shot after shot would strike the ground near where they" had been at work. As soon as the shell struck, they would dash out again, grab a bag, if filled, and drag it under cover, keeping up their labors in this way between the flashes of the Union guns. It was always interesting to notice the men of the army whenever a Rebel shell came their way. It was impossible to resist the inclination to "dodge" it, and the men could do this with better precision than drill, — all dodging together. They did not think at such times that the sound followed the missile, and if they were to be hit at all, it would be before they could have the opportunity of hearing it. (63) 64 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. During the stay of the regiment in front of Yorktown, Adjt. John C. Chadwick returned to it, having been relieved of his duties as Acting Assistant Adjutant General of Dana's Brigade, and First Lieut. Moncena Dunn, of Company D, re turned from recruiting duty in Massachusetts, together with First Lieut. James H. Rice, of Company F. In Company C, Capt. J. Scott Todd resigned, and First Lieut. George W. Bachelder was made Captain, Second Lieut. J. G. C. Dodge, of Company F being made First Lieutenant and transferred to fill the vacancy. Capt. James D. Russell, of Company D, was detailed for special duty on the fortifications and First Lieut. Edward P. Bishop, of Company K, was detailed as Aide-de-Camp on the staff of Brig. Gen. Dana. Sergt. Wil liam H. Hill, of Company F, was promoted to be Second Lieu tenant, vice Dodge, promoted and transferred. April 23rd, 1862. * "Tomorrow we go out again on our regular 'siege,' — that is, to lay in the woods, behind our artillery and listen to their noise all day and at intervals during the night. It is a one-sided affair, this siege, so far, for our guns keep up such a steady fire that the poor rebels don't have time to get a shot in anyway. Of course, this is all very good for our artil lery, and I hope the rebels like it as well as we do. Tonight, word comes that the rebels are evacuating their works. If this is so, they have only done it to draw us into a trap, or to get where they can have better chance at us. " After three weeks' laborious preparation, General McClellan' having advanced his parallels, got one of his large siege batteries in position and opened fire at a distance of two miles upon the enemy's works (Apr. 30.) The first shot was fired from Bat tery No. 1 at the mouth of Wormsley's Creek and was aimed at the enemy's shipping in the York River beyond Yorktown and Gloucester. They replied with their large pivot gun, a rifled 68 pounder, mounted on the height of Yorktown.. The cannonade was kept up on both sides for about two hours, in the course of which about sixty shots were fired from the one and two hundred pounder Parrott guns of the heavy siege battery. * Taken from a soldier's letter to his family at home. THE EVACUATION OF YORKTOWN. 65 During, the night, the enemy kept up a brisk fire of shells upon the parallels where the men were at work. On the next morning the enemy opened fire with their Columbiade, mounted on the heights of Yorktown, but at its 23d discharge, it burst into a thousand pieces. This seemed to be the only gun capa ble of competing with McClellan 's heavy siege guns, and, after it burst, the enemy ceased to fire, although the Union cannon ade was continued with increased vigor. It was now Saturday, May 3, and before night, the heavy siege batteries being all in position and everything in readiness, McClellan resolved, after dedicating the coming Sunday to sacred rest, to begin on Monday the bombardment of the enemy's works. At the dawn of the 4th of May (Sunday), the Nineteenth Regiment marched into the redoubt it had built, for picket duty, expecting that all of the guns of the Union army would soon open on the enemy, but there were no signs of life in the enemy's works which extended for several miles. A Sabbath like stillness prevailed Snside their lines. At one or two points something could be seen which looked like cannon; a few shells sent over provoked no reply and as the sun arose and still there was no evidence of life, it was thought that the enemy were either gone or were trying to entice the men over. The regi ment advanced, with skirmishers out, into the open ground and halted. A ditch, which had been widened, ran in front of and near the rebel fort, crossed by a bridge to the right and another to the left, which were the only means by which the fort could be approached. Lieutenant Hume, of Company K, exclaimed, "I'll bet the works have been evacuated," and asked and received permis sion to cross and enter them to ascertain whether anyone was "at home." When he had almost reached them, an officer of the Brigade staff started off by the shorter road to the left, entering the works there at the same time that Lieutenant Hume did on the right. The latter, finding that no one was in the works, stood on the parapets that for a month had awed McClellan 's Army and motioned for the Brigade to " Come on. ' ' The Nineteenth Massachusetts moved forward at double-quick 66 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. over the route taken by Lieutenant Hume, while the other regiments entered the fort by the left, each raising its flag. The fort and the works around it were supposed to be very strong, with bomb-proof traverses and subterranean passages in which the men could be moved from one position to another without being seen from the Union side, and with but little danger from their fire. The ordnance which were believed to be cannon were ' ' Quaker Guns ' ' made of logs,, with the ends painted black. Men of straw were found behind many of them, stationed as gunners. Everything bore evidence of hasty departure. Pass ing to the rear of the works, the regiment halted until the rest of the Brigade came up, when it moved forward in line of battle, each regiment marching by division front, ready to deploy at the first intimation of danger. Skirmishers were well advanced with a strong reserve. About a mile from the fort the skir mishers found and exchanged shots with those of the enemy in the edge of the wood. The line had been advancing mostly over open ground and as they neared the woods, the enemy's rear guard fired upon them and hurriedly fled. The brigade immediately deployed into line and on reaching the woods, halted. The rebel rear guard, judging from appearances, had halted here to cook their dinner, seemingly unaware that they were so soon to be disturbed, for they had been forced to leave their dinner just as it was. The men found Dutch ovens in which meat was roasting or biscuit baking, most of it being ready to eat. Frying pans, with bacon frying in them, were on the fire. This was a different bill of fare from what the regiment had been living on and it was soon made good use of. The men finished "Johnnies'" dinner and enjoyed it very much. There seemed to be an abundance of food, and the enemy certainly had not been on short rations. In the advance to the woods the regiment passed the former residence of the rebel general Hill. The Union signal corps used it for a station during the day and were establishing them selves there as the regiment passed. On one of the tents in the deserted camp in the woods was written the legend, ' ' He that fights and runs away, will live to fight another day. May 3rd." THE EVACUATION OF YORKTOWN. 67 After about an hour's halt in the woods, the regiment marched back to its camp, where the men bivouacked for the night. General McClellan at once dispatched all his cavalry and horse artillery in pursuit- of the enemy, supporting them by a considerable body of infantry, and he ordered the fleet of gun boats up the York River. "I shall push the enemy to the wall," he declared in his official despatch, and acting in accordance with these energetic words, he rapidly embarked Franklin's Division of the Corps and other troops on transport and sent them up the York River to 'West Point, with a view of flanking the enemy on their retreat toward Richmond, and thus co-operating with the immediately pursuing force, already sent by land. The defences the enemy had evacuated were reported by the engineers as "being very strong" and the confusion that prevailed appeared to indicate a hasty retreat on the part of some of the troops, although the main body had begun to retire several days before the rear guard. The fugitives left behind them fifty-two pieces of artillerj', after spiking them, and a considerable amount of ammunition, camp equipage and stores of all kinds. They also left behind torpedoes which had been, with a savage perversion of the rules of warfare, ingeniously constructed and so hidden on the roads, in the fortifications, in the houses, tents and streets, among the tempting baggage abandoned, as to explode on the touch of the unwary. A telegraph operator stepped on one and was instantly killed; a man took a pitcher from a table in a house and a torpedo wrecked it and injured him; several others met death through that means. Within a compass of ten square rods, 30 of these torpedoes were found. They were 11-inch round shells, filled with powder of different grades, mixed. Each had a quill fuse and above it a plunger, with a knob so constructed that a person walking along and stepping upon it brought the plunger down with sufficient force upon a cap beneath to cause it to explode. The Confederate prisoners were set to work unearthing these diabolical machines and further injury was prevented. On Monday at 9.00 A.M. the regiment began the march to 68 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Yorktown. Rain fell throughout the day. The mud was ankle deep and the soil was so full of clay and so sticky that it was extremely hard for the men to move along, their feet stick ing in the jnud at every step. Shoes were pulled off by it, and the men were greatly exhausted. Despite their misery, some one in the regiment struck up an army song. It was taken up along the line and in a few minutes it seemed as if the whole army was singing. At noon the regiment arrived before Norfolk, and the shelter tents were pitched. In the distance stretched the long fortifications of Yorktown. Immediately in front was the breastwork which Washington built to protect his troops; and fifty yards further away was the spot where he had received Cornwallis' sword, 81 years previously, the monument being broken in places where the rebels had knocked off pieces for souvenirs. Near the spot where the regiment halted at noon was seen the monster balloon "McClellan" which had been used to re connoitre the enemy's works. This balloon had frequently been noticed and watched by the men as they were encamped before Yorktown. It had been plainly seen whenever it was up and one day it was noticed to suddenly move away toward Yorktown. Soon the enemy began to fire upon it. Then it seemed to go higher, floated back over the Union lines, and then suddenly collapsed and descended very rapidly, with the top partly inflated, thus keeping it right side up, and swaying, twisting and turning like a big corn sack with a stone tied to one end. General Porter, who had been up in it to take a bird's eye view of the enemy's position, got a much nearer one than he had anticipated, for the rope which held it to the ground had parted. He fortunately alighted within the Union lines without injury. Every road leading to Yorktown was crowded with cavalry, artillery and baggage wagons. The firing of the gunboats, as they poured shot and shell into the flank of the retreating foe, and the sounds of distant musketry, made the whole scenery and suggestion martial in the extreme. At 6 P.M., in the midst of a smart shower, the regiment THE EVACUATION OF YORKTOWN. 69 took up its tents and began to march again. The roads were quagmires and constantly grew worse. The march was fre quently interrupted to allow columns to pass toward Williams burg, in direct pursuit of the enemy. No sooner was the com mand "Forward" given than "Halt" would follow and the men would drop their pieces to the ground in disgust. It was impossible to sit down because of the mud and water, it was irksome to stand, and as the men scuffed along in the brief periods of marching, they slid first to one side, then to the other in the mud. Wagons broke down, horses stuck in the mud, and, taken altogether the delay was such that in eight hours during the night, the regiment marched only one and three-quarter miles. So weary were the men from the exposure and the terrible march that some lay down in the mud at every halt, many of which were occasioned by the search for hidden tor pedoes. At 2 A. M. the line finally halted on the sandy beach at Yorktown and the men were almost immediately asleep. A number of barrels were found on the beach, and these were made use of as much as possible. When the men awoke in the morning, however, it was discovered that some of these barrels contained gunpowder and they were immediately rolled into the water, that being considered the best place for them. The fortifications of Yorktown were found to be on a grand scale. The parapets were 20 and 30 feet high, and ditches, 20 feet across, extended for miles. The water battery mounted a long row of pieces and commanded the York' River at this point, co-operating with the batteries at Gloucester Point oppo site. While the regiment was encamped on the beach at York- town, many of the men took occasion to go into the town. All that was left there was a church and a half dozen tumbled down wooden houses, leaning in all directions and looking as if a first class hurricane had passed that way. At 3 P.M. the regiment embarked on the transport "C. Vanderbilt" and started up the York River, preceded by the gunboat "Marblehead." They arrived at West Point at 6 P.M., but did not debark until the following morning, when 70 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. they were poled ashore in pontoon boats and formed in column by division closed in mass, Colonel Hinks commanding the Brigade. A line of battle had already been formed and was just entering the woods a mile away. The popping muskets as the rebel pickets were driven in, was heard and then the sound of the volley firing, telling that the lines had met. The regiment was placed in support of Captain Porter's Massachu setts Battery for a time. General Franklin was in command of the troops here and the signal corps had established a ' ' verbal telegraph line ' ' from the front to his quarters. Men were placed within speaking distance of each other and messages were constantly trans mitted by them, one to the other, such as ' ' The enemy is show ing in force on the right, " " Heavy firing on the left, " " Enemy advancing in force on the centre, reinforcements needed," "Centre hard pressed," etc. One peculiar message thus transmitted was "Send a man to take Daniel Webster's place." This was another Daniel Webster, however, not the " Expounder of the Constitution. ' ' Toward night the regiment formed in line of battle and advanced a short distance into the woods at the left of the line, Company C being thrown forward about a quarter of a mile as skirmishers, and posted along a ridge in the woods as pickets. On the following morning the line was withdrawn and the regi ment returned to the brigade. CHAPTER X. THE MARCH TO THE CHICKAHOMINY. On May 8, the second day after reaching West Point, the troops began the long, dreary march up the Peninsula, through rain and mud to the Chickahominy River. They first marched to Eltham, four miles distant, and remained there several days, while the engineer corps were building miles of corduroy roads and bridges. Here the men began to break down very fast and there was much sickness. While at Eltham many -of the men were greatly interested in watching the landing of cattle. The beeves would be hoisted over the side of a flat boat, which had been towed up, and let into the river to swim ashore. The water was not deep at this point, and the soft muddy flats extended for some distance. Some of the animals would land in a soft place and, in their attempt to get ashore, would get mired up to their bellies and stay exhausted in the mud. The cattle guard would then get out to them by means of boards, shoot them, and put a rope about their horns. Horses and men would draw the dead weight out. This beef would immediately be dressed for issue, and the live beeves would be corralled and driven forward to follow the army with other commissary stores, and slaughtered as needed. From Eltham, General Sumner's Corps marched slowly by short stages in consequence of the intolerable condition of the roads, to the Chickahominy, halting successively at Cum berland, Cedar Hill and Tumstalls Station. Cedar Hill was left at 8". A.M. and the men were for eight hours on the road under an intensely hot sun, stopping only when the artillery and baggage wagons ahead became blocked, but resting no where long enough for dinner. The march was for twelve miles. Several plantations were passed on the line of march. On the gates leading to the magnificent residences where white (71) 72 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. flags and the strict orders against leaving the ranks prevented all depredation or purchase. The rations which were served during the hot weather on this march consisted of clear fat bacon. The river bank at Bottom 's Bridge, within fifteen miles of Richmond, was finally reached on May 21. Here camp was pitched on the borders of a swamp which was almost impenetrable. Many moccasins and copper head snakes were seen, and the magnolia trees in full bloom filled the air with their fragrance. Troops were thrown across at Bottom's Bridge, but the bulk of the army lay on the East bank of the river until other bridges could be built, among them being Sumner 's ' ' Grape- Vine ' ' bridge across the great Chicka hominy swamp, destined to play a most eventful part in subse quent events rapidly maturing. The whole Peninsula, that portion of Virginia between the York and the James River, was low and swampy and it was common talk at the time that one could not pat the earth three times with his foot anywhere without bringing water. Great mortality occurred among the troops, chiefly from malarial fever, and often, when a poor fellow was about to be laid away in the earth, his grave would be full of water before it had been dug two feet deep. Quinine and whiskey were issued daily, companies being formed in line for the purpose, and the ration was drunk under the supervision of the surgeon. The siege of Yorktown had been raised; the battle of Wil liamsburg had been fought; the affair at West Point was over. Slowly the rebels were being pressed back toward Richmond, while the army of the Potomac cautiously followed, sweeping gradually up the Peninsula, its flanks protected by the gun boats in the York River on the right and the James on the left. Large quantities of infantry and artillery ammunition, rations for the troops, forage for the animals, medical supplies for the sick and wounded, camp and garrison equipage, siege and pon toon trains had to be moved and guarded by the army and and kept protected and in close proximity all the time. The investment of Richmond was in gradual progress and the army was buoyant in spirits, looking forward to the cap- THE MARCH TO THE CHICKAHOMINY. 73 ture of the rebel capitol and the close of the war. Under no other circumstances could the army have endured the tedious, fatiguing and deadly malaria of this section of the country. It was hot and muggy most of the time. It rained fre quently and the men made the acquaintance of the "wood- tick, ' ' and enumerable bugs and specimens of insect life hitherto unknown to them. The very earth moved with "new life." Sticks and twigs were endowed with motion. The men would watch a black twig two or three inches long, apparently dead wood among the leaves, when it would scamper off and the acquaintance of a new insect called the "walking stick" was made, although it was a very old inhabitant of this section. They had the ' ' Gold Bug,' ' not the political specimen of later days but a handsome round yellow "feller." Lieut. James G. C. Dodge, of Company F, made quite a collection of these bugs. It was a common thing to see two or thre'e men, huddled together, poking at something on the ground. Others would join them on the run. Soon a crowd would collect, running and yelling "What's Up?" Some one of the crouchers would answer, ' ' Oh, got a new bug, ' ' and the crowd would laugh and disperse. Like everything else, this was soon an old story and ' ' buggy ' ' was immediately dispatched, given to the lieutenant for his collection, or allowed to fly or run away. One specimen, however, stuck and abided long. It was the common louse. On May 24, a dress parade was held at Lewis Farm, the first one since the regiment was before Yorktown. On May 25, Q. M. S. Nathaniel Prentiss, of Cambridge, worn out from the fatigues on the Peninsula, was found dead in his tent. He had been mustered in as a sergeant in Company F at Lynnfield and was very popular. The funeral took place on May 27, and, as the Chaplain was absent on orders, Sergt. Maj. Edward M. Newcomb acted as Chaplain pro tempore, in order that the remains might have Christian burial. This was one of a number of instances where Sergt. Maj. Newcomb offici ated in a similar capacity. On Saturday, May 30, there was a sudden and severe storm which'flooded the camps and the Chickahominy Creek became 74 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. a raging river, filling the entire swamp. General Johnston, com manding the Confederate forces, saw his opportunity, and, like the skillful general that he was, seized it and on May 31 sud denly attacked the small portion of the Union army that had crossed on the Richmond side of the river, at Fair Oaks. The Nineteenth regiment, which had been on picket duty for two days algng the banks of the river, was called in and ordered forward to its place in Sedgwick 's Division. The sudden storm had made a perfect quagmire of the bottoms, and in trying to get reinforcements from the East side, great delays and diffi culties were met as a consequence. General Sumner led his Corps across, following the sound of cannon, using "Grape Vine Bridge" for the purpose. It was soon found that the bridge was floating away and could only be held down by the weight of the artillery and the men who were crossing. As the regiment marched along, the logs rolled up in front of the men, much the same as thin, tough ice, does and reminded them of what they used to call ' ' Bendibows. ' ' On reaching the field, the regiment was moved from right to left under fire, but was not actively engaged, General Sumner having arrived just in time to turn defeat into success. The command moved forward on gradually rising ground until it reached a beautiful, wood, filled with birds singing joy fully, while not more than two miles away the music of the minie balls and the screeching shell, bringing pain and death, were heard instead. Here the regiment halted near a mansion, where they found three springs of cool, sweet water bubbling out of the clear, white sand. It was the first spring the men had seen since leaving Hampton, and it can readily be imagined with what pleasure they filled their canteens out of the spark ling pool. Here the men lay in the cool shade, listening to the thunders of artillery and the rattle of musketry, expecting every minute to be ordered into action. There was no sport or loud talk indulged in, conversation being carried on in low tones. The very air seemed oppressive. Everyone seemed to realize the terrible work that was being done beyond the woods. At about noon an aide of the brigade commander galloped into the woods THE MARCH TO THE CHICKAHOMINY. 75 and rode up to the colonel. Immediately the order was given to fall in and the regiment went on the double-quick over gravelly roads, through plowed fields, through, mud, stream and swamp until they halted within sight of the smoke of battle. There they met dozens of stragglers and wounded. Some brought tales of disaster and woe, but others, later, told of victory achieved, and then, under the hot sun, the regiment was ordered back by General Sedgwick and returned at a rapid pace to the ' ' Grape Vine Bridge, ' ' where it was placed on guard. At 6 P.M. it was again ordered to the front and drawn up in line of battle a short distance beyond where it had been halted before, and a few hundred feet from the battlefield of the two days past. Here Andrew M- Murphy, of Company K, was wounded by a spent ball. What a sight met their eyes as the men took their position — knapsacks, haversacks, overcoats, blankets and surplus clothing of every kind strewed the ground in all directions. The road was a veritable paradise for a junk dealer. . Company F, Cap tain Rice, was deployed as skirmishers from the railroad station at Fair Oaks to the Seven Pines, in front of the regiment and in touch with the rebel right. Darkness settled down and the men lay on their arms all night, sleeping soundly after their day of uncertainty and anxiety, except on one occasion, when they were awakened by a picket firing and turned out. The next day a detail was sent out to bury the dead. Most of the wounded had been removed and the Union dead buried, but the ground was covered in every direction with the swollen corpses of the enemy. Their faces were turned black under the hot sun and swelled almost to bursting. It was horrible to look upon, and the stench was almost unbearable. They lay in every conceivable condition just as they had fallen. Whole com panies had seemingly been shot down in their tracks, so closely did they He. Long trenches had been dug, and into these the decomposing bodies were dropped. The members of the regimental- band ha d been used as an ambulance corps for two days and performed the work so well that they were personally thanked and complimented by Chief 76 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Surgeon Doherty of Sedgwick's Division, and, later, on the field, were thanked by General McClellan. At noon the regiment was moved to the front, immediately behind the pickets, on the site of the camp from which the rebels had been driven on Sunday. Before night it began to rain and there the regiment lay in line of battle all night, the water covering most of the ground, with muskets loaded and capped, ready for the enemy should they come out of the woods. There were numerous shots fired by the pickets during the night and this kept everyone under an intense nervous strain. At three o'clock in the morning the regiment was called to attention and remained standing until daylight, when arms were stacked and they were, allowed to move around a little and prepare breakfast of coffee, hardtack and raw pork. In front was an open space, in the further edge of which, about 2000 feet away, was the picket line. In front of the pickets were dense woods filled with an undergrowth which made it impossible to see 50 feet in advance. At the left was the York railroad which ran through the forest. Up this road the men could see a mile or more. About half a mile away, a breastwork of logs and bushes was built across it, and behind this were the rebel pickets. While stationed at this point, the rebel pickets and skir mishers would advance every few hours and the whole Union line would fall in, expecting to see a line of battle come out of the woods. Here the shelter tents were brought up and the men made themselves as comfortable as possible. All about the position were the shallow graves of those who had been killed in battle. The air was heavy with noisome odors from the hundreds of decomposing bodies half-buried in the imme diate vicinity, and it was little wonder that sickness and deaths increased to an alarming extent. As a result of the night surprise of Casey's men by the enemy, none of the men were allowed to take off their equip- - ments even while they slept. Their muskets were always by their side while sleeping and stacked in front of the tent during the day. At three o'clock every morning the regiment was THE MARCH TO THE CHICKAHOMINY. 77 routed out and formed in line, remaining there until daylight so as to be ready for the enemy should they appear out of the woods. This was an additional hardship. Aroused from a sound sleep, the nights were damp and cold and the inactivity made it the more intense. At these times each man was served with about a half a gill of whiskey and quinine from a bucket, — this being done to keep off the malaria. Most of them took this ration, but a few refused it. One man, instead of drinking it at the time, put it in his canteen each day, and when it was nearly full someone stole it. It rained constantly. Orders were given once a week to allow the men to change their underclothing, taking turns at it a few at a time. Occasionally permission would be given to unbuckle the roundabout while they slept, but the cross belt was not allowed to be removed from the shoulder. This1 con stant expectation of sudden attack proved a terrible strain upon them. Firing between the pickets was very frequent. On one occasion, Major Howe, field officer of the day, came galloping out of the woods, the picket firing became more rapid, the re serves were hastily summoned into line behind the earthworks, the artillery stood to their guns in the redoubts and, in silence, everyone awaited the attack. Gradually the firing died out, the tension was relaxed and no attack was made. These sudden alarms occurred often and were responsible for the broken down and shattered nervous systems of many of the men who received no wounds. Shells from the enemy's batteries were frequently sent over into the Union lines and the compliment would im mediately be returned. The rations here were, for a time, very poor, — a scant allow ance of hard bread, coffee twice a day (sometimes none, however) and occasionally fresh or salted beef. There seemed to be no good reason for this scarcity of food, for the army was encamped by the side of the railroad, which it held, with trains running from West Point. One or two cases of scurvy appeared in the regiment and there were fears that it would spread. About the middle of June, however, a change for the better was made and food was more abundant and better in quality. Rations of 78 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. bacon and ham ceased and beans and rice took their place. The change in diet was at once palatable and refreshing. On June 13 General McClellan passed down the road in front of the regiment and Colonel Hinks .called for three cheers for ' ' The man who is to lead us into Richmond, ' ' which were given with a will and then three more followed. The General 's face was wreathed in smiles and he appeared satisfied with the progress of the work. Several times while encamped here the Nineteenth was de tailed, as a regiment, to work on the fortifications. There was no day that passed without an alarm by the rebels making a dash on the picket line. One day when at work on a large redoubt some distance to the right the rebels made a dash and drove the pickets in. The men worked with their arms stacked near, with equipment on and, when the firing began, stopped work and watched the skirmish as it went on, ready to fall in if a line of battle should appear. As soon as the rebel skirmishers were well out of the woods, the artillery opened on them and drove them back to cover. Private Wm. H. O'Neal, of Company K, was wounded by a ball . During the afternoon of the same day, a regiment was driven in from the left where it was on picket in the edge of the woods. Several men came running in pell mell as soon as the rebel line showed itself. General Richardson met them, and, after giving them a good scolding, in the hearing of the Nineteenth, sent them back. They attended to business thereafter, it being the first time they had been under fire. While here the men were set to work at felling the trees in front. These were cut partially through and then felled, with the branches toward the enemy. This made an immense abatis, a mile wide. As the trunks had been but partially severed, the foliage kept green and it was impossible to see through it. Richmond was but three and one half miles distant and from the tree tops could be easily seen through glasses. During this period some officers and men were Sick with fever and the scurvey, owing to the lack of vegetables. Only the hospitals could get potatoes and there were no onions at all- While the regiment was at this point, two changes were made in the roster of Company B. Capt. Elijah P. Rogers and THE MARCH TO THE CHICKAHOMINY. 79 First Lieut. John Hodges, Jr., resigned and left the regiment and the command of the company devolved for some time upon Second Lieut. Elisha A. Hinks. Lieutenant Hodges soon be came the Major of the Fiftieth Massachusetts regiment. When he left the company, he was presented with a purse of gold and with this he purchased a sword and scabbard, suitably engraved with the names of the givers. Colonel Hinks sent the following explanatory letter from the field: Fair Oaks Battlefield, Va., June 18, 1862. To His Excellency, John A. Andrews, Governor and Commander-in-Chief. Governor: The colors of my regiment are much worn and especially the State Color is so much dilapitated as to be entirely unfit for service. I request to be furnished with a new one, that the one I have may be returned to the State. It has never been dishonored and has successively waved at Washington, Baltimore, Harper's Ferry, Charles town, Harrison ' Island, Edward 's Ferry, Yorktown, West Point, and Fair Oaks and was the first to flaunt in the faces of the foes at Yorktown on the 7th of April on a recon- noisance as well as the first to be flung from the rebel works on the 4th of May, where it, together with its fel low stars and stripes, was placed upon a redoubt in the in terior of the enemy's works before 5 o'clock A. M. E. W. Hinks, Colonel 19th Mass. Vols. CHAPTER XI. BATTLE of oak grove. On Saturday, June 21, at 11 P.M. the regiment moved forward and pitched tents in the rear of the rifle pits which stretched from the railroad at the left, to Hooker's redoubt. Here it remained during the rest of the stay of the army at this point. The tents were pitched in such a manner, in the rear of the rifle pits, that when the men fell in there would be a line of battle already formed. The rifle pits were about eight or ten feet high, with a deep ditch back of them. The breastworks consisted of logs and fence rails, with earth thrown up against them, breast high, making a redoubt with embrasures for field artillery. They were connected with a "curtain" or line of earth work, behind which the infantry were posted. The re doubts were placed at distances to give a raking or cross fire of the ground in front. On the first night when the pits were occupied by the Nine teenth Massachusetts there were many alarms. On Monday night a sharp fire was heard in the woods in front. The men were at once under arms and most interested auditors of the contest. The shouts of the enemy drew near and it was thought that they would engage the men in the rifle pits, but they con tented themselves with merely holding the woods. In this contest the artillery stationed near the Nineteenth took part, also siege guns, mortars and field batteries. The fight was in the immediate front and from the right and left the guns in the forts and redoubts sent their shells into the woods. While the bombs from the mortars would mount high into the air, they would seemingly remain stationary for an instant and then descend with increasing rapidity into the works of the enemy. At the left, where General Hooker commanded, the country was more open in front. On Wednesday, June 25, several regiments were seen to move out from General Hooker's posi- (80) BATTLE OF OAK GROVE. 81 tion, Second Division, Third Corps and soon he sent for one regiment from Sumner's Corps to assist in his proposed attack on the rebel lines in front, at Oak Grove. The Nineteenth regiment was selected and received orders at 8 A.M. to fall in and file over the parapet to form the right of the Union line. After filing along through the dense foliage the regiment reached the wood and formed in line, having passed several skeletons ¦clothed in gray, rebels who had been shot in venturing too near the line, where their comrades had not dared to come for them, or perhaps did not know whether they were killed, or captured, or deserted, as many had done. Company K was then extended as skirmishers to the right, £fnd the regiment moved forward in line with the injunction not to fire as there were some of the other Union regiments in front of them. Moving cautiously forward, the bullets began to make unpleasant music as they whistled through the blueberry bushes. Some of the men busied themselves in picking off the ripe berries by the handful and eating them as they moved along, unmindful of the bullets which spattered around them. Second Lieutenant Charles B. Warner, of Company H, was sent forward to reconnoitre. He ran forward through the hot fire and returned in safety, but, five minutes afterward, while he was standing in the centre of a group of three officers, a stray shot pierced his breast. With a sharp cry he fell and ¦expired, being the first officer of the regiment to be killed in battle. Suddenly, while the regiment was at a halt, the skirmishers began firing and fell back to the right of the regiment, when the companies on the right opened fire. Company I was next to C in line on the right and Company F on the extreme right, as Company K had been deployed as skirmishers. The left then began to fire. Smoke was darting from the bushes in front, men dropping or hurrying to the rear, hundreds of bullets were whistling and buzzing about the ears of the men in the •centre and a yelling and cheering was going on in front, behind the bushes, but those in the immediate centre of the line saw no rebels and did not fire. The bushes completely hid the foe from them. Company G was color company, and as the enemy 82 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT: could see the flags waving over the underbrush, they fired in that direction. The result was that most of the casualities in this engagement were in Company G. The firing ceased as suddenly as it began, the enemy retir ing. The regiment then advanced in line to the edge of the wood and halted. In front was an open field and about a quarter of a mile distant the woods ran out in a point. As the men came out into the open, a rebel soldier was seen just disap pearing around this point. To the left the clearing extended as far as one could see and just beyond the point of woods could be seen the earthworks of the enemy, extending across the field. These were the outer works of the fortifications of Richmond, only three miles and a half away. The Nineteenth opened a brisk fire of about three rounds and the rebel force began a precipitated retreat. Colonel Hinks called upon his men to give three cheers. Upon hearing this, a regiment of the enemy that had been working down upon the right of the Nineteenth joined their fellows in their "advance" upon Richmond. Colonel Hinks at once ordered "Cease Firing" and as soon as the smoke had cleared away, the remainder of the enemy in front were seen to be moving across the field toward their works. A New Jersey regiment had come down and partly covered the left wing of the Nineteenth Massachusetts. Colonel Hinks tried to have them moved out of his way, so that he could make a charge and capture the colors of the rebels, but they were so slow in moving that by the time the regiment was unmasked, the enemy were nowhere to be seen and it was too late. Orders then came for the command to withdraw and at 11.15 A.M. the men marched back through the woods to the earthworks, which for twenty days previously they had occupied under the con tinual fire of the enemy's guns. Here they remained until the change of base of the army was inaugurated. Colonel Hinks was warmly complimented by General Sedg wick for his gallantry and skill and the excellent behaviour of his regiment in the battle, which was given the name of Oak Grove. The loss was 43, of whom eight were killed, and one mortally wounded. Company G lost one third of the men lost in this engagement, having three killed and nine wounded. BATTLE OF. OAK GROVE. 83 While the regiment had been under fire nearly all the time since arriving in Yorktown, this was the first square fight in which it had been engaged. There had been no opportunity for the use of tactics, as the woods were thick and little of the enemy could be seen. "Never did I know before how hard it is to fight," wrote Sergeant Major Newcomb to his brother after this battle. "It is not the marching or the firing that wears men, but the sus pense of the slow advance and frequent halts, the increasing rattle of musketry, the devilish yells of our merciless enemy; till finally, when at once the storm of bullets whirs over and on each side men begin to fall, and orders come thick and fast, the sweat oozes from every pore. It is not fear, but uncertainty that so strains the nerves and makes men live days in every moment." Colonel Hinks says in his report: "My regiment performed to my satisfaction, there being no exceptions to the general good behaviour of officers and men in the performance of the difficult and trying duties required of them. I may, however. without injustice to others, acknowledge my indebtedness to Major Howe and Adjutant Chadwick for their assistance and gallant bearing upon the field under the heaviest fire, and par ticularly commend the bravery of Corporal O'Rourke, of Com pany E, who gallantly siezed the color (the flag of our Common wealth) when its bearer, Sergt. Samuel H. Smith, was shot down, and continued to bear it through the fight. ' ' Moses Short, of Company G, died of his wounds. He was shot in the corner of his mouth, the ball passing down the neck, over the shoulder, down the back and lodging in the thigh. It shattered his jaw and broke almost every bone in its course. David B. Ash was shot in the breast. The ball glanced off and struck his arm just above the elbow, shattering it so badly that it had to be amputated. John Tibbetts, of Com pany C, had a terrible wound in the shoulder. Benjamin H. Jellison had received two bullets in the chin where a minie ball had gone in one side of it and out the other. The wound of color Sergt. Samuel H. Smith was a peculiar one. Manfully steadying his color during the advance, he felt something strike 84 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. his breast. Turning his head instinctively down and toward the side, another ball almost immediately struck him in the ear, passing into his throat and injuring the larynx. It was undoubtedly from a rebel sharpshooter in a tree. While encamping in the breastworks after this little fight, the cooks remained in the old camp and the food was brought out to the regiment by them, or, when they could be spared, by a detail of two men from each company. One day, no de tail being made, two men on special duty started up the rail road for their company quarters, bearing between them on two sticks a kettle of coffee and one of food. When about half way to the breast works, the Confederates sent a shell down the track from a gun on a platform car which they had run down almost to the picket lines. Thinking that it was sent for them and that it was an attackon the "base of supplies," they dropped the stick and took to the woods, while the kettles were left, overturned, on the railroad. Dinner was not served that day to Company C. On the night of June 25, the enemy made an attack to break the line, but were repulsed. This attack was probably made to see if the Union forces were retreating. The troops on the right of the Army of the Potomac made a desperate attempt to cross the Chickahominy river, which ran diagonally through the Union lines, thus splitting the army in two. The enemy was as desperately determined that such a thing should not occur, as, once across, the investment of Richmond would be complete and their right would present a continuous line to the Union centre and left. Consequently the enemy hurled his strongest battalions against Porter's Fifth Army Corps, resulting in the battle of Mechanics ville on June 26 and Gaines' Mills on June 27. CHAPTER XII. MCCLELLAN'S CHANGE OF BASE. THE SEVEN DAY'S RETREAT. For several days speculation had been rife as to when the army would enter Richmond. Soon the news came of the disaster on the right. The enemy had turned the right flank, supplies and trains were in danger and an immediate change of base must be made. On Saturday, June 28, orders were given to prepare for a forced march. Some of the men were told to throw away everything but gun and equipment, haversack, canteen and one piece of shelter tent, rubber or woolen blanket, and, in what ever they chose to carry, to wrap a change of underclothing. Part of the tents were to be left standing and slit so that they would be of no use to the rebels. Everything not carried was to be destroyed in some way. Everyone knew that this meant "retreat," — where, they did not know. At night the men lay down behind the breastwork, fully equipped for march or fight. Although they had kept their spirits up and had^been cheerful under the inspiring cry of "On to Richmond," the hardships and exposures had been almost beyond' human endurance. Forced to' live with their bodies bound up, in' mili tary trappings' day and night, constantly on duty, either on picket or in building fortifications in the rain or hot sun, with food of an inferior quality, much poorer than they ever got before or after, water that a beast would scorn to drink in New England (always the color of a mud puddle in a northern road after a shower) and never cool, hundreds had been taken sick and carried to the general hospital. For two weeks or more the air had been polluted by the hundreds of putrid corpses interred in shallow graves. Now, at the end of the (85) 86 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. month, the men lay there, reduced in flesh and strength, in an unfit condition for an active campaign, waiting for the day light to usher in one of the most trying and notable weeks they were destined to experience, — the Seven Days' Battles and the change of base to the James River. There was despondency in all the army. To be compelled to leave the vantage ground which they had gained was a plain acknowledgment of defeat and did not add to the morale. During the early night of Saturday, June 28, General Dana, commanding the brigade, called a conference of the regimental commanders, at which the situation was discussed. All the rest of the army had been withdrawn and Dana's Brigade was left as rear guard, with orders to remain until daylight. Fortunately a heavy fog settled over both lines, and, at the appointed hour on Sunday, June 29, the brigade withdrew, the enemy not daring to attack as anticipated, owing to their uncer tainty as to the circumstances. As the men marched away from their camping place, great stacks of boxes of hard bread, piles .of dried apples, bags of coffee and barrels of whiskey were passed. They were being burned and destroyed to prevent their falling into the hands of the enemy. (It was hard to see so much food abandoned, when the regiment had been on short rations. A little more issued to the men and less to the flames would have pleased everyone.) As soon as the fog had lifted, the enemy discovered that the rear guard had left the fortifications at Fair Oaks. They followed from the roads leading out of Richmond and came up with the forces at Peach Orchard, one of those long, undulating fields surrounded by woods in which Virginia abounds, and which are so perfectly fitted for defence. Regiments of infantry and batteries of artillery filed into this field until it was filled, except for the side toward the enemy and this side was com manded at every point. The Third Brigade, Second Division, had formed in line of battle on a ridge on the southern side of the field, just at the edge of the wood. At the right of the Nineteenth Massachu setts was Tompkin's Battery A, First Rhode Island Artillery. The men lay here at rest, listening to the crackling of the fire McClellan's change of base. 87 beyond the woods at the north of the field, where the supplies were being consumed. Here the regiment rested until about eight o'clock, anxiously waiting for — they knew not what. Suddenly the yells of the rebels were heard as they entered the woods. Then all was silent in front and nothing could be heard but the rumbling of the artillery wheels as the troops moved over the grassy plains, taking up positions from which to meet the expected onslaught. Everyone knew that the storm would soon burst, but whether it would be a shower or a tornado, they could not tell. Hark! The skirmishers met, and, pop, pop, pop went the muskets, the firing increasing in rapidity as the Union men gradually fell back until there was one tremendous crash as the two first lines of battle met. This was followed by a continu ous roar as the work of death went on. Men came running out of the woods, across the field and up the slope. Some of them were wounded, all reporting that the rebels were coming in swarms. One came up groaning, with his skin burned off both legs to the knee. He had tried to fill his canteen with whiskey from the burning pile of stores and when the barrel burst it scattered the burning fluid over his limbs, consuming his trousers to the knees and burning his legs to a blister. The battle became hot and the line seemed to be gradually falling back, when Tompkin's Battery on the right was ordered to fire into the enemy's reserves over the heads of the men of the Nineteenth and the others of McClellan's Army. The commander gave the order to load, then, riding from the right to the left, he ordered "No. 1, Fire; No. 2, Fire; No. 3,Fire;No.4, Fire," and the work went on, the men finally loading and firing at will, being answered by the rebel artillery. The Nineteenth, being so near, got its share of the shells from the enemy. They came screeching over, bursting in front and rear, on each side and above them, while the rebel line advanced so near during its charge that bullets from their muskets reached them also, making the situation very unpleasant, as the men lay there without an opportunity to take part and in constant danger from flying pieces of shell and stray bullets. 88 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. In a short time the firing ceased, the enemy having had enough, and they drew back to wait for a more favorable oppor tunity. At about three o'clock the artillery limbered up, pickets were withdrawn and the troops started again on a double- quick march down the railroad, the baggage train having got a considerable distance away. The heat was intense and many men fell out and were taken by the enemy. The track was hemmed in on both sides by steep, gravelly banks and thick woods and infantry and artillery scampered over the sleepers, the horses bumping the pieces and caissons first over one rail and then over the other, each turn of the wheel threatening to throw everything topsy turvy. Lieutenant Prime of Com pany C, who had long been ill, succumbed to the tremendous strain and was obliged to let the Company march away from him. He kept moving on, but gradually lost ground. He and Lieutenant Bachelder had become fast friends, — like brothers, — and tears stood in the latter's eyes as he turned to see his com rade being left behind. (Lieutenant Prime rejoined the regi ment at Harrison's Landing.) Lieutenant Hume was also compelled to drop out and was left behind, being captured by the pursuing enemy. The rays of the sun fell full upon the men as they marched down the railroad track, with not a breath of air stirring. The sick and wounded had been brought along with much difficulty. Many knapsacks and overcoats, — even haversacks containing their rations, — were thrown away as constituting too heavy a load. Capt. Ansel D. Wass was affected by the great heat and some of the officers and men were exhausted and forced to lie down by the side of the track. After marching for some hours in this manner, the regi ment halted in an open space in front of Savage's Station, and the order to rest was given. It was an agreeable order and the men, breaking ranks, looked about for shade and water. When the snow white tents of the field hospital were pitched they looked very picturesque and inviting, with their new camp cots regularly placed, but ever present was the thought that they were only intended for the reception of the wounded from MCCLELLAN'S CHANGE OF BASE. 89 the battle which was momentarily expected. Even as the thought suggested itself, the enemy's shells came over and fell among the troops. The ground descended rapidly toward the West where the regiment lay upon its arms, holding the right of Dana's line on the railroad and watching the wagon trains hurrying to a place of safety. The woods toward Peach Orchard were full of the enemy who were constantly firing. The dust in the road in front was ankle deep and rose in dense clouds, enveloping every thing. The men were exhausted and many were ill. During the battle at Peach Orchard, the band and field musicians of the regiment were busily employed at the field hospital of the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Corps, in carry ing the wounded from the field and caring for them, also in assisting to build operating benches for the surgeons. At about 10 A.M., there was a sudden stopping on the firing line and Surgeon Revere of the TwentiethMassachusetts, in charge of the brigade field hospital, ordered principal musician Stephen I. Newman of the Nineteenth to go forward and ascer tain the meaning of the cessation. As Newman reached the spot where his regiment had been stationed, to his surprise, not only that regiment but the entire Second Corps had moved toward Savage's Station and were nowhere in sight. There were a number of wounded who had been left behind, near the halting place at the railroad. When the condition of affairs had been reported to Surgeon Revere, he immediately ordered that saplings and straight, slim branches suitable for stretcher poles be cut, also that pieces of shelter tents be collected with which to construct stretchers on which to carry the wounded to a safer location. Field Musi cians Lord and McCammon, of Company A, each carried a hatchet for this purpose. Some musicians in the bands of the Third Brigade had been heard to say that all the regimental bands in the volunteer regiments were to be mustered out of the service on or before August 21, 1862. Principal Musician Newman reported this fact to Surgeon Revere and suggested that the safety and care of the wounded men was of more importance than a few old 90 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. brass musical instruments. The surgeon at once issued orders that musicians of the Third Brigade should carry the wounded to Savage's Station hospital and abandon their instruments, unless they could carry them easily. Quite a number of the larger instruments were rendered useless and abandoned as a result.* A considerable body of troops were in front, covering the approach to White Oak Swamp. Continual explosions had been heard at the front for some time and the cause was soon learned, for a long train of ammunition was found to be in flames, fired by order of the general commanding, to keep it out of the hands of the enemy. This continued burning far into the night, the many colored clouds of dense smoke filling the heavens. One ammunition train was run into the river through the opening in the bridge. The regiment was posted on an incline at the right of the road, forming in line facing the *On the night of June 28, 1862, just as the regimental wagons were about to depart from near the traverses and breastworks in front of Rich mond, Principal Musician Newman had placed on one of them, in care of Commissaiy Sergeant Joseph Snelling, a field bugle and drum. These instruments were not seen again until the morning of July 4, 1862, at Harrison's Landing. On that day, in company with many others, Newman was in the creek enjoying a bath and washing his clothes. Herman Donath the colonel's orderly, rode up and informed him that guard mounting was about to be held, with music, and that he with Fifer John McCammon, (one of the best fifers in the army), were to report immediately to Adjt. Chadwick at guard mounting parade. The two musicians quitted the stream just as they were, only stopping to empty the water from their boots and wring out their shirts. They reported on parade to Adjt. Chadwick, who handed to Newman the drum which he had placed in the Commissary Sergeant's wagon, and to Fifer McCammon a fine fife. For the "Assembly of the Guard" they played "Jefferson and Liberty," this being the first music heard in the camp of the Second Corps since the Battle of Fair Oaks.* For the "Inspection of the Guard" they played "Yankee Doodle," with variations. The music attracted the attention of the entire corps and everyone seemed to enter into the spirit of the occasion. The men seized the first thing that came handy and, beginning to form to the left, extended the guard line. The countermarch was executed near the camp of the Irish Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Corps, and "Garry Owen" was played in their honor. The event was a unique one and had the effect of cheering the men up quite a little. McClellan's change of base. 91 burning train, which made a grand spectacle. As the explo sions began, great cone-shaped clouds of steam and smoke arose above the trees and gradually expanded, floated away in tremb ling masses of white vapor over the field. The engine was disconnected, its throttle opened, and it disappeared through the bridge, landing in the river. Very soon afterward the battle became hot again in the woods through which the regiment had passed and the line was gradually pressed back until stray bullets from the enemy reached the position of the regiment- A rebel battery appeared in the edge of the woods at the left and began to make things uncomfortable. Just as darkness began to creep over the land, a body of troops marched to the rear of the Nineteenth and formed a line. It was the "Irish Brigade." The men of the' regiment looked on to see them form and they appeared, in the growing darkness, like phantom lines. They then marched down the gentle slope, silently and swiftly, until they were lost to view in the darkness. Their mission was to take care of the battery which was so annoying to the Third Brigade. A scattering fire had been kept up all the time. Soon a tremendous shout was heard, which was met by an answering yell and the rattle of musketry became a roar. All knew then that the Irish boys were "At them." The fire of the battery suddenly ceased and the musketry fire grew fainter and fainter as it receded in the distance. Soon after, the firing became more general and the roar of artillery and the clatter of small arms almost deafening. One or two lines formed in the woods and two in the plain below. Only two regiments of the Third Brigade remained on the hill, the Nineteenth Massachusetts being one of them. So far, it had just escaped a fight the second time. At about 9 P.M. the artillery limbered up and marched. The lines withdrew and the regiment started in the rain on a march of eight miles. So silently was this done that the pickets were surprised, on coming in, to find the regiment gone and the rear guard marched for three hours before catching up. CHAPTER XIII. THROUGH WHITE OAKS SWAMP. THE BATTLE OF GLENDALE. Then the retreat of the last portion of McClellan's Army began. If anything was necessary to complete the rout of an army, the conditions were now present. That the men were not demoralized was due to the thorough discipline of the mag nificent Army of the Peninsula and its movements during the march forever can be justly characterized as "masterly." True, they were in full retreat, and the whole country might well be distrustful, yet the movement was well and success fully conducted. Discouragement was inevitable, and officers and men were more disgusted than disheartened. Their blood was up, and it can hardly be doubted that if "Right about face" had been ordered and "On to Richmond" again sounded as the slogan the entire Army of the Potomac would have exhausted itself in the attempt. But this could not be. The army must be saved. The base at White House had been abandoned. Steamers, transports, schooners, cattle barges and tugs were removed and were carrying the supplies under convoy of gunboats, down the York river to Fortress Monroe, from whence the army had started about three months previously. The men had seen immense collections of food burned, supplies of ammunition exploded and rail transportation itself demolished. They moved with rations and cartridges in their haversacks, cut loose from everything, with the events of the next three days still un known before them. There was no time for undue caution, and no choice of roads but "Hobson's." It was "On to the James," through swamps and comparatively unknown country, with all arms of the service intermixed en route. (92) THROUGH WHITE OAKS SWAMP. 93 The trains, loaded with ammunition, forage and rations, were pushed with all possible speed toward the James River, the the army all the while keeping itself between them and the enemy. The troops moved until they came up with these trains, then formed line of battle, beat back the enemy each day, thus allowing the trains to get a good distance ahead. Then, under cover of the night, the Army pushed on, leaving behind the dead and wounded. The surgeons heroically remained at their work with them and many were thus made prisoners of war. At 9 P.M., taking the Corduroy Road, the regiment began to move through the tangled ravine of White Oaks Swamp, and in the darkness the progress was very slow; a few rods or a few feet into the inky darkness, and then a halt; a few rods more and then another stop. Here and there, fastened to the trees, were flickering candles. Staff officers were frequently seen giving directions to the struggling forces. At three o'clock in the morning the regiment crossed White Oaks Run and was ordered to take a little rest. The stragglers were gathered in, line was formed, but the rest was of very brief duration and when daylight appeared the last of the swamp was left behind. The regiment halted on high ground and rations were served. About 7 A.M. the bridge over Cedar Swamp Creek was destroyed and the march resumed. The sun was extremely hot and as the light rain of the night before had ceased at day break, the roads were soon as dry and dusty as ever. At about noon the regiment filed into a field on the left of the road at Nelson's Farm, or Glendale and remained closed in mass until about 4 P.M., the men watching the wagon trains as they passed in their hurry to reach Malvern Hill. During this time General McCall's troops fromMcDowell's department filed into the field. At about 4 P. M. heavy firing from both artillery and infantry was heard in the direction from which the regiment had come. When the last struggling wagon had passed, the Nineteenth was again in motion, but this time it went back over the road to the swamp, in the direction of the firing. The stream of wagon trains and artillery had powdered the clayey 94 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. road until the dust was ankle deep and, rising in a dense cloud; it enveloped everything as if in a thick fog, completely hiding from view the second file ahead and falling upon the men, turning the blue uniforms into grey. There was no breeze stirring and marching through this blinding cloud, under a broiling sun, was agonizing. Many men fainted by the road side, — some never to survive. After marching about a mile and a half toward the swamp, the regiment filed into the field and halted in the shade by the side of a wood to await orders. What a relief to lie there in the cool shade, after being in the hot sun all day, and what a contrast between the grassy carpet and the dusty road! Some of those who had fallen out came straggling up. The men had been in this spot but a short time, listening to the sound of battle which was gradually growing less, showing that the rear guard was keeping the rebels back, when Colonel Hinks came to Lieutenant Bachelder, of Company C, and told him to send two of his strongest men to the hospital to carry hospital knapsacks. "Well," said the lieutenant, "I guess I haven't got any who are very strong," but he detailed two, — one of them being Sergt. R. R. Foster. At 4.30 P.M. Dana's Brigade started back toward the position it had occu pied earlier in the day, the hospital department and head quarters staff following close in the rear. Firing was heard from in front and once in a while a shell would pass unpleasantly near. After a march of half a mile, the regiment came to an abrupt halt, the order was given "Load at will, Load," after this "Fix Bayonets" and then "Forward, Double-Quick." While the men had been marching at a rapid pace toward the swamp, earlier in the day, a young soldier in the ranks was complaining of the heat and declared that he could not hold out much longer. He was encouraged by his lieutenant to keep up, and did so. On the return march, as the sound of musketry was heard in front, this young man rallied at the familiar sound and cried out to the officer: "Lieutenant, I am not tired now. Hurrah for a battle." He was mortally wounded in the engagement that followed. The quick march went on with the artillery sweeping by, THROUGH WHITE OAKS SWAMP. 95 reckless of life or limb. Soon the regiment reached its old camp ing ground, but instead of filing to the left, it filed to the right and having formed line of battle in front of a battery posted there, charged across a field at double-quick to support the Fifteenth Massachusetts. The progress of the regiment was checked at one point by a battery which was coming out of the cross-roads, and by that means it became separated from its brigade. While wait ing for the battery to pass, the men who had retained their knapsacks received orders to throw them away. By this time they contained many priceless treasures, — letters from home, pictures of loved ones or relics of previous conflicts and camps, but orders were orders and they were thrown into a pile. Some of the officers threw away their own treasures as an example. The bullets and shells flew thick and fast, and, having recovered their breath and from the confusion which had re sulted from going so far on the doubleLquick, the regiment left the road and entered another field where nothing could be seen in front. Lying down behind a knoll, the men sheltered them selves somewhat. The brigade lines were then formed as usual, the Nineteenth Massachusetts regiment being in the third line. After the two in front had entered the woods, this regiment advanced almost to their edge and the men lay down. Soon General Grover, who for some reason commanded that part of the line at that time, ordered the regiment to enter the woods. "Be sure and not fire oh your own men" were his last words before they entered. After advancing some 150 yards, the command halted and dressed. "Don't fire on your friends" shouted a number of voices in the bushes in front and suddenly a body of the enemy hidden by the foliage but not fifteen feet distant, opened a ter rific fire upon the men of the Nineteenth. The powder flashed in their faces and they staggered back, but remained in position and returned the fire. Then the regi ment was ordered back a few yards to the open field with dimin ished numbers. Entering with more than 300, it had but 150 men left. As Colonel Hinks walked along the regimental front, he turned to George Mace, of Company C, who was the humorist 96 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. of the command, and said: "We are not going to be killed this time, are we, Mace?" "No sir," said Mace, "the bullet is not made for us yet." Almost immediately a body of men suddenly appeared in the woods and fired upon the Nineteenth. Poor Mace was shot through the heart; Colonel Hinks received a bullet through the upper portion of the right thigh and also a severe contusion of the left ankle. Major Howe, who was standing by the side of Colonel Hinks, fell mortally wounded. As Major Howe fell, realizing that his wound was mortal, he said to the soldier who caught him: "Tell mother I died a brave man." Corporal Peter O'Rourke, of Company E, who was carrying the state flag, fell wounded and called to Corporal Henry K. Martin of his company to "Come and take the colors." One of the incidents of this engagement was the action of Private Robert W. Putnam,* of Company F. He was in the front line and was badly wounded in the left side and shoulder. With the assistance of comrades, he was seated upon a stump, from which he waved the others forward, his cap swinging from the tip of his bayonet. Putnam was taken by the enemy, and, after a march of seven miles, was placed in Libby Prison, where he died on July 13th, 1862, and was buried in an unknown grave. In his report of the operations of the Nineteenth regiment at Glendale on this day, June 30, Capt. Edmund Rice, then the ranking officer said: "We marched toward the field of action, coming upon it on the double-quick and under fire, the action at its height as we came into position. We were soon ordered forward into the woods, cautioned that a line of our men were in front of us, and we were not to fire. We had advanced about fifty yards, when a heavy volley was fired into our line, supposed by us to be fired by our first line and seeming, through it, to take effect on us. We advanced still farther, under a continuous fire; when suddenly two regiments of the enemy rose from the ground * His sacrifice has furnished the inspiration for the erection of an im posing memorial on Mt. Hood, in Melrose, Mass., to the patriot dead of the Civil War who lie in unknown graves. MAJOR HENRY JACKSON HOW. KILLED AT GLENDALE, JUNE 30, 1862. (Enlarged from small war-time photograph.) THROUGH WHITE OAKS SWAMP. 97 at a distance of only a few yards and poured a volley upon us, at so short a range that our men's faces were, in some instances, singed with the flash of the enemy's muskets, and, on the right of the regiment, our men crossed bayonets with the enemy. Under these circumstances our men did all that men could do, firing upon the heavy masses of the enemy unceasingly. Some portions of our line had already given away, unable to stand the withering fire of the enemy; when the entire line was ordered to fall back, and the regiment retired, firing as it went. The regi ment was speedily reformed on the outskirts of the woods, and ordered to lie down; the field officers remaining standing, and watching the movements of the enemy Soon after sunset, troops were moving in the woods, from whom we received a heavy fire, under which Colonel Hinks and Major Howe fell, the latter mortally wounded. Our men arose, gave one volley, in return and then broke retiring but a short distance, when they were reformed, where we remained until ordered to return late in the evening. By the fall of Colonel Hinks and Major Howe, and wound ing of Captain Wass, the command devolved upon me until relieved by Lieut. Col. Devereux on the night of July 11th. The officers, without exception, behaved most gallantly, leading their men into the thickest of the fight, their faces almost •at the muzzles of the enemy's guns, with the coolness and self possession of veterans. The honorable wounds received by Colonel Hinks are, in themselves, a eulogy of his courage and patriotism in his coun try's call, and earnest solicitude for the welfare of his officers and men. In honor of the memory of our young, but courageous major, Howe, let the words dropped from his lips after receiving his mortal wound be the highest praise which can be spoken of a true patriot: "Let me die here on the field: 'tis more glorious to die on the field of battle." Capt. Chas. U. Devereux was wounded while faithfully performing his duties; being prostrate at the time from con tinued illness, fatigue and exposure. 98 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Lieut. David Lee, of Company E, died faithfully at the post of duty. Sergeant Major E. M. Newcomb, since promoted, and killed at Fredericksburg, proved to his superior officers that he enlisted for his country's good and from purely patriotic motives. I am, general, Your obedient servant, Edmund Rice, Captain, Nineteenth Mass. Vols., Commanding Regiment. For his gallantry and good conduct in battle, Colonel Hinks was recommended for promotion by Generals Sedgwick and Sumner, and the regiment was ordered to inscribe on its colors, "Allen's Farm," "Savage's Station," "White Oak Bridge," "Glendale," and "Malvern." Capt. J. G. B. Adams, in his personal memoirs says: "Com pany A had lost men by death, but this was the first time any of our number had been killed in action. Charles Boynton was one of my townsmen. He was an eccentric man and had troubled Captain Merritt by his peculiar ideas of drill, but he was as brave and patriotic a man as ever shouldered a musket. He had no patience with the slow movements of the army and wanted to fight every day and clean up the job. When advanc ing in line he would constantly rush ahead of his company, his only desire being to get a shot at the rebels." The loss of the regiment for the day, — nearly all in the last encounter, — was 19 killed, 69 wounded. First Lieut. David Lee, of Company E, was killed while in the act of conversing with Captain Weymouth, of Company G, and so. many other officers were wounded that the command of the regiment fell to Capt. Edmund Rice, who marched it that night to Malvern Hill. During the evening of June 30, the enemy were heard going about through the woods, calling out the numbers of their regiments so that their wounded could hear them and reply. THROUGH WHITE OAKS SWAMP. 99 Some of the Union wounded could also be heard calling for help and praying to be put out of their misery. Some of the Nine teenth endeavored to go into the woods, but were ordered back because of the uncertainty as to where the enemy were located. In the darkness, the men of the different companies were sad as they looked around among the few that remained. Only six men remained in Company H, seven in Company F, etc. In all 134 of the regiment were gone, — all the field officers and the senior captain. The regiment remained in position at Glendale until 11 o'clock on the night of June 30, under the. command of Captain Rice, when the order was whispered down the line to "Get ready to move." Soon the men withdrew, forming in line of battle until the artillery had passed. As the regiment moved off, Jonathan Hudson, of Company A, remained upon the ground, apparently asleep. Upon investigation, however, he was found to be dead, having been killed in the early evening as the regiment lay in line and his death was not known to his comrades near him. The enemy were expected to attack, but they had suffered too severely, and so in silence the Union army pursued its re treat, passing through the woods, with their steep banks on either side of the gloomy road. The dead and the dying were necessarily left* behind. An attempt to bring Major Howe's body failed. It was lifted in a blanket by a half dozen men, but the body was so heavy that it had to be left behind. The men rarely whispered and asked no questions as they marched along, and when the opening at Malvern Hill was reached at daylight on Tuesday morning everyone breathed more freely. The position at Malvern Hill was a strong one and every thing was done to make it stronger. Some of the men slept upon the ground for a few minutes but soon orders came to move again. The next position was on the extreme right of the line, fully exposed to enfilading artillery from the enemy, who threw a number of shells into the line. General Kearney was riding by at the moment one of the shells came over and it struck just beyond him, having narrowly missed his head. 100 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Corporal Timothy Callahan, of Company E, and Private P. R Guinan, of Company I, were killed by pieces of bursting shells. General Sedgwick's Division was immediately withdrawn to the shelter of some woods where Dana's Brigade held the ground which protected the right of the Union army. There the regiment remained during the rest of the day, observant of what was going on but taking no active part in the terrible fight because they were not needed. Malvern Hill was an excellent place for a battlefield. A large open space, rounded in the centre, made a good position for artillery. The men of the regiment had an excellent oppor tunity to observe all that transpired. On the one side, the long line of gray, rushing with fixed bayonets up the slope with a momentum which, to an observer, would seem to have force enough to crush anything before it. On the other side was a line along the brow of a hill, in most places only two deep, with a slight reserve, watching the ad vance of this yelling mass of men in gray. They have not the excitement that comes with motion and the onward rush to sustain them. They must stand there and await the crash; there is no breastwork to conceal them; no fence to crouch behind; the open field is clear of any obstacle to retard the on ward rush of the enemy, — nothing but this thin line with artillery posted between the regiments to stop them. These men on the hill had been fighting by day and march ing by night for seventy-two consecutive hours, while the enemy, knowing the ground, had the advantage of rest and sleep. The shells from the Union gunboats undoubtedly rendered aid by dropping among and scattering the Confederate reserves, but to those on the hill they were a menace as well, as there was the constant fear that one of the great missiles would drop among friends instead of foes. The rebels, referring to these great shells, said "When you'uns commenced to throw iron pots and half barrels at us, we'uns thought it time to git," and they did. In the early evening, Lieutenant Dodge, of Company F, a sergeant and several men were in front on picket, and when THROUGH WHITE OAKS SWAMP. 101 a relief was sent out the little lieutenant expressed his willing ness to remain on duty until morning, knowing that all the others were thoroughly exhausted. At one o'clock in the morning, orders to march were re ceived. Then the men learned that the rebels had been repulsed at every point on the previous day, with terrible slaughter. The news was cheering and they were greatly chagrined to know that the Union forces were to again give up a dearly won field and seek a base of supplies several miles distant. Victory had bought but the right, unmolested, to complete the awful retreat. CHAPTER XIV. FROM MALVERN HILL TO HARRISON 's LANDING. As the columns descended the hill, a heavy rain set in. The roads were given over to the artillery, cavalry arid wagon trains while the infantry marched through the woods at the side. The march from Malvern Hill to Harrison's Landing was one of the worst the regiment ever experienced. The men pulled and struggled along through the mud in the darkness, drenched to the skin by the rain which continued to fall until well into the next day. Scattered by the roadside were many burning wagons which it had been necessary to abandon. When daylight ap peared, it revealed hundreds of men by the roadside- who had become exhausted and left behind by their regiments. During the day the troops passed the siege train, the first time the men of the Nineteenth had seen the heavy guns. They were drawn by twelve mulps, and were what McClellan was going "to reduce Richmond" with. The gaunt remains of the heroic regiment reached the mecca of their hopes, Harrison's Landing, just before night, and in the distance could be seen the James River. "Safety Here" was the unexpressed feeling of the men as they halted, wet, tired, dirty and hungry, having been marching nearly 24 hours through rain and mud. There was an immense wheatfield, well trodden down, and staff officers were stationed to point out to the straggling troops the posi tions they were to occupy. Arms were stacked in a portion of this field, but in all directions there was a sea of mud, at least four inches deep. There was a rail fence in sight, but how quickly it vanished and in less than 30 minutes there was nothing for a mile around to show that there had ever been a fence, but in every company there was a good supply of fuel and a roaring fire. As soon as the ranks were broken, some of the men started (102) FROM MALVERN HILL TO HARRISON 's LANDING. 103 for rails, others for something for a bed and some to find water. Great armfuls of the un threshed wheat were secured for bedding, the coffee was soon made and the men were fairly comfortable, despite the mud and their generally parboiled condition. Then they lay down and slept. They had been in four engagements, marched 25 miles and lost 176 men. And so ended the Seven Days Retreat. LIST OF CASUALITIES IN THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT, MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS, IN THE ENGAGEMENT AT FAIR OAKS, VA., AND DURING THE "CHANGE OF BASE" FROM FAIR OAKS TO HARRISON'S LANDING, JUNE 25-JULY 1, 1862. Casualities, June 25, 1862. killed or died of wounds received in action! Co. H. Second Lieut. Charles B. Warner. Co. B. Private Moses Short. Co. C. Private John Hull. Private Luke Murphy. Co. G. Corporal John McMorrow. Private Joseph Baldwin. Private John Carpenter. Co. K. Private Samuel E. Collins. Co. F. Kelly. WOUNDED : Adjutant John C. Chadwick, wrist. Quartermaster Sergeant Levi Shaw, wrist. Co. A. Corporal James W. Hollister, hand. Private Daniel W. Carlton, left leg, severely. Private Leroy A. Nelson, side. Private Augustus Grant, Co. B. Corporal John N. Thompson, hip. Private Angelo Chiconi, left arm. Private David B. Ash, right arm, amputated (Died in New York hospital.) 104 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Co. C. Private John L. Tibbetts, right arm, amputated. Private Benjamin H. Jellison, face. Co. D. Private Nathaniel Loveland, side. Private James P. Daly, head. Private James O'Hearn, lungs, dangerously. Private Robert Harper, hip, severely. Co. E. Private Andrew Norton, both thighs. Private Patrick Hagerty, wounded and missing. Co. F. First LieutenantJJames H. Rice, hip, severe. Private Wesley P. Bean, both thighs, severe. Private John McMahon, neck, severely (Missing re ported dead.) Private James Gately, abdomen. Co. G. Private William R. Melden, left arm, amputated. Private John Barrett, head. Private Charles B. Brown, ankle. Private William Butler, ankle. Private James P. Costello, ankle. Private Edward Fitzgerald, hand. Co.^H. Color Sergeant H. Smith, head. First Sergeant William R. Driver, abdomen. Corporal George A. Rowe. Private Francis McKenna, wrist. Private John S. Rodigrass. Private James Powell. Private Samuel Stone, Jr. Private Charles A. Brown, head. Private Reuben Andrews. Private David Carlton. Co. I. Private Charles C. Sewall, groin, severely. Private Thomas Tuttle, wrist. Private Charles B. Knox, hand. Co. K. Private John Sullivan, leg, severely. Private Frank B. Leach, side. missing: Co. K. Private Edwin B. Pratt. Private John Hogan. , Private Jacob Grau. from malvern hill to harrison 's landing. los^ Casualities, June 28, 1862. WOUNDED : Co. B. Private John Jordan. Private William Delaney. Casualities, June 29, 1862. Second Lieutenant Lysander J. Hume, of Company K, sick on march, captured by enemy. Re ported "Missing in Action." Private Benjamin A. Stone, Company H, died of disease on the march from Fair Oaks. Casualities, June 30, 1862 — Glendale. killed in action or died of wounds: Major Henry J. Howe. First Lieutenant David Lee, Company E. Co. A. Private Jonathan Hudson. Private Volney P. Chase. Co. C. Private George W. Mace. Private Benjamin F. Stevens. Private Samuel C. Jellison. Co. E. Private Edward Maguire. Co. F. Corporal Thomas Welch. Corporal Lyman Blackington. Private Lewis Westacott. Private Harrison E. Case. Co. G. Private Andrew G. Jacobs. Private Henry Eacott. Private James O 'Connell. Private George R. White. Private George Lucy. Co. H. Private John Smith. Private Thomas H. Smith. Co. K. Corporal Augustus P. Tolman. Private John Carroll. 106 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. WOUNDED :' Colonel Edward W. Hinks, thigh. Captain Charles U. Devereux, Co. H., chest and arm. Captain Ansel D. Wass, Co. K., chest and foot. Co. A. Corporal Patrick Dunn, head. Private Edward Murphy, right hip. Private Warren K. Bailey, left leg. Private James Porter, scalp. Private James Booth, head. Private John G. Coffin, thigh. Private Thomas S. Bradley, left hand. Co. B. Sergeant Frederick Crofts, hand. Corporal Thomas A. S.Mitchell, hand. Private Aaron Carson, hand. Co. C. Sergeant William Stone, left leg. Private D. W. Bryant, head. Co. E. Sergeant Bernard Conway, ankle. Acting Color Sergeant Peter O'Rourke, groin. Private Dennis Guilfoyle, finger. Private Dennis Barry, head. Private Dennis Callahan, left leg, mortally. Private William Callahan, leg. Private Edward Doherty, arm. Private Michael Murphy, arm. Private RichardMaley, left breast. Private Peter Manning. Private Michael Sullivan. Private Hugh Demon, arm. Private Michael McGee. Co. F. Corporal Charles O 'Neal, arm. Corporal Moses P. Bixby, right shoulder. Private B. E. Fogg, shoulder. Private William Gardner, foot. Private Alex Morin. (Died) Private Israel Putnam, died. Co. G. Corporal Charles R. Dakin, arm, severe. Private James Connelly, hand. Private Charles F. Jenkins, arm. FROM MALVERN HILL TO HARRISON 's LANDING. 107 Private John Eagan, head. Private Luke Kelly, arm. Private John Mann, leg. Private JosephMason, arm, amputated. Private Dennis O'Connor. Private Michael O'Neal, arm. Private William Butler. Private C. B. Brown. Private J. P. Costello. Private John Barrett. Private Thomas Kelly. Private James McLaughlin. Private Andrew S. Jacobs. (Died) Co. H. Sergeant George F. Shaw, side, mortally. Private Charles E. Andrews. (Died of wounds.) Private William A. Andrews, thigh, severely. Private Gustavus Larrabee, head, severe. Private Frederick Martin, ankjye, severe. Private Daron W. Morse. Private John Restell, Jr., arm and side severe. Private George L. Trask, right arm, amputated. Private George W. Thompson', right arm, amputated. Co. I. Sergeant Oliver Hapgood, bowels, mortally. Corporal J. P. Cushing, leg, severe. Corporal Edward Powers, knee, severe. Private John McKenzie, hand, severe. Private Daniel P. Harvey, arm, severe. Private Francis L. Smith, arm, amputated. Private William Burbank, back, severe. Private John N. Henry, shoulder. Private Charles B. Knox, hand. Private Patrick Monnehan, head, mortally. Private George H. Stevens, leg, severe. Private Daniel Teadley, leg. Co. K. Private Robert Williams, neck. Private Robert Hendley, thigh. Private William A. McKenney, breast. Private Thomas Grieve, thigh. (Missing) 108 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Private Albert S. Lillie, lost two fingers. Private Frank B. Leach, leg. Killed, July 1st, 1862 — Malvern Hill. Co. E. Corporal Timothy Callahan. Co. I. Private Phillip R. Guinan. Wounded and missing, according to the Monthly Return for July, 1862. F. W. Tuttle. C. C. Sewall. C. B. Knox. P. Moynehan. W. Burbank. E. Powers. G. H. Stevens. F. H. Smith. J. N. Henry. D. P. Harvey. D. Teadley. Sergeant J. Hapgood. Corporal J. P. Cushing. Edwin P. Stanley (reported for duty in May, '63, at Falmouth, Va.) SUMMARY WOUNDED Killed Wounded Missing and Missing officers men officers men officers men officers men June 25. 17 3 37 .._ 3 .... 2 June 28. - 2 June 29. — 1 -- June 30. 2 19 3 73 July 1. -- 2 Date not known .._ — — — — 13 3 28 6 112 1 3 — 15 CHAPTER XV. the rest at Harrison's landing. What a week had been passed! Though the enemy had been soundly whipped in each engagement, the army was not ' ' flushed with victory. ' ' Three months before a great army, with all the parapher nalia of war, had started on its mission to capture the rebel capital. Now it was at Harrison's Landing with but 50j000 effective men. These, however, were augmented, as the days passed by, with stragglers, sick and wounded who reported for duty. Notwithstanding its terrible ordeal, the Army of the Potomac was still intact, its morale was preserved and, when rested and rationed, it was ready for any emergency. For six weeks after the close' of the "Retreat," the army drew a long breath at Harrison's Landing. The midsummer sun was exceptionally hot. Daily the sweet southern summer airs kissed and flaunted the tattered colors. Daily the great army and its chief waited for the succor which would impel it once more upon the walls of Richmond. Daily brave hearts grew sick and faint with "hope deferred." Succor came not and hope died out. The scenes on the river soon became as animated as at the former base at White House on the Pamunkey. The river was full of transports, schooners, flat boats and tugs which, with the gunboats, brought a condition of activity never before wit nessed there. Sutlers' schooners helped to swell the flotilla and now that the army was likely to remain some time, the Sutlers came ashore with their molasses ginger cakes and their lively cheese. They had suffered with the army in losses of their supplies and had seen them either taken by the enemy or destroyed, rather than be left behind. The Paymaster also came, and the men were paid off. (109) 110 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. The headquarters of the quartermaster and subsistance departments were located at a beautiful plantation called West- over, but three miles down the river. Here the wagon trains reported for rations and forage which once more were issued with 'regularity. The supply boats of the government and the Christian Commission furnished a limited supply of potatoes and onions. On July 3, the day after the arrival at Harrison's Landing, General McClellan came through the camps, making a short speech to each brigade. General Dana, commanding the third brigade, called for three cheers for the new campaign and they were given, not so much for the campaign as for "little Mac." The boys were always ready to shout for him. In the afternoon the Nineteenth regiment marched back two miles and went into camp. The next day was the glorious "Fourth" and it was celebrated with a national salute by the artillery. The peculiar contrast of the sound of blank cartridges to the shotted cannon familiar in battle was noticed. The report was "bit" off short and everyone missed, the "whizz" to which his ears had become accustomed. On July 4, also, when the roll of the regiment was called, it was found that more than one half of the men who had left Massachusetts less than a year before had either been killed in battle, died of disease or were sick and wounded in the General Hospital. It was nearly two weeks before clothing or shelter tents were issued and the only protection from the hot sun in the day and the chilly dews at night was the clothing which the men had on. This, in nearly all cases, consisted merely of the cap, blouse, shirt, trousers and shoes, — all very much the worse for wear. For a bed there was the sandy soil. When the tents were issued, they were pitched on stakes about two feet from the ground, to admit of a free circulation of air. The death rate was very high. Men who had stood the hardships of the retreat now sickened and died, and the "Dead March" could be heard at almost every hour of the day. The medical department was busy by day and by night caring for the sick and wounded and shipping them away. An operating hospital was established near the river bank, some THE REST AT HARRISON'S LANDING. Ill distance from the camps. Sanitary orders were issued for the better care of the health of the men. They were forbidden to fry fresh beef as was the custom in cold weather. Sick and wounded men who were restored to duty arrived nearly every day at the camp and every effort was made to place the Army in condition to renew the offensive. On July 9, Lieut. Col. Devereux sent the following letter to Governor Andrew. Headquarters 19th Mass. Vols., In camp near Harrison Landing, Va. July 9th, 1862. To his excellency, John A. Andrew, Governor of Massachusetts. Governor: Having received from General Headquarters a circular desiring all regimental commanders to nominate such en listed men of their commands as have exhibited unusual good conduct during the retreat of the Army from Fair Oaks, for positions as "Acting Officers" until such time as the Governors of the several states shall grant them full commissions, I have the pleasure of sending forward the following names Sergt. Maj. EdgarM. Newcomb, who fearlessly exposed himself to rally the ranks broken by the tremendous volleys the regiment had to encounter in the fight at Nelson's Farm, to be Second Lieutenant. First Sergt. William R. Driver, for like conduct in same battle, to be Second Lieutenant. First Sergt. J". G. B. Adams, for his coolness and brav ery in the affair before Fair Oaks on June 25th and in the separate encounters in the retreat from the entrenchments at Fair Oaks to this point, to be Second Lieutenant. Sergt. Frederick Crofts, for his gallant conduct when wounded, rendering able assistance in rallying his own and another company in the fight at Nelson's Farm, to be Sec ond Lieutenant. The regiment now numbers 527 ready for duty, but all are more or less exhausted. 112 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Too much praise cannot be accorded Surgeon Dyer who has had all the labor of his department thrown upon himself by the sickness of Surgeon Willard, and, in addition to his usual duties, has had the labor of managing the Medi cal department of the Brigade as Senior Surgeon. A. F. Devereux, Lieut. Col. Com'd'g Regt. On July 15, 1862, Colonel Hinks, then in Boston suffer ing from his wounds, wrote to Governor Andrew, recommend ing the following promotions for bravery and gallantry in the various engagements from June 25 to July 1. Capt. Ansel D. Wass, to be major, vice Howe, killed. First Lieut. Henry A. Hale, to be Captain, vice Wass, pro moted. Second Lieut. Elisha A. Hinks, to be First Lieutenant, vice Hodges, resigned. Second Lieut. Samuel S. Prime, to be First Lieutenant, vice Hale, promoted. Second Lieut. Oliver F. Briggs, to be First Lieutenant, vice Lee, killed. Sergt. Maj. EdgarM. Newcomb, to be Second Lieutenant, vice Palmer, promoted. First Sergt. Frederick Crofts, Company B, to be Second Lieutenant, vice Briggs, promoted. Sergt. Warner W. Tilton, Company A, to be Second Lieu tenant, vice Hinks, promoted. First Serg. Thomas Claffey, Company G, to be Second Lieutenant, Vice Prime, promoted. Sergt. David T. Chubbuck, Company K, to be Second Lieutenant, vice Warner, killed. Snakes were numerous in the camp at Harrison's Landing. Lieutenant Dodge appeared one day with a huge black snake; one' man pulled an adder from his trouser leg, and soon after a copperhead was discovered to have "turned in" along with two tent mates. Mosquitoes were less frequent here than at Fair Oaks, but every kind of insect abounded. On July 10, President Lincoln visited the Army and after THE REST AT HARRISON'S LANDING. 113 a grand review addressed the troops, expressing great satis faction at their condition and declaring that he had "wanted to see for himself." Rumor began to be rife that the Army was soon to be sent "On to Richmond" again. On July 22, Sumner's Corps was reviewed and nearly 30,000 troops took part in the parade. Veterans of nearly every fight upon the Peninsula composed this Corps, which won Fair Oaks when it had been lost, and which had the battle of Savage's Station all to themselves and made a clean victory. In this review the Nineteenth Massachusetts and the First Minnesota regiments bore away the palm, as appears by the following order: Headquarters Second Army Corps, July 23, 1862. General Order, No. 21. The general commanding would hereby announce to this corps d'armee the fine appearance on the review to-day of the Nineteenth Massachusetts and the First Minnesota regi ments. The condition of these regiments is an honor to their States, and reflects great credit upon their commanders. By command of Major General Sumner. L. Kip, A. D. C. and A. A. G. W. D. Sedgwick, A. A. G. Official. This praise was a source of much pride to every member of these regiments. On the afternoon of July 31, the camp was startled by artillery firing in the direction of the landing, over the camp near the river. Orders were at once received to make ready to move. Considerable concern was manifested, as the base of sup plies was there and some thought a rebel gunboat or a second Merrimack had some down to destroy the Union fleet. In a short time, however, the firing ceased, the men broke ranks and the artillery, which had harnessed up and moved to the landing, returned. It was then learned that the rebels had planted a battery of 43 guns at Coggins Point on a commanding hill and opened fire on the hospital and the shipping, despite the 114 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. fact that the yellow flag was floating over the hospital, as it had been for a long time and that no hostile move had been made from that quarter to provoke the assault. A few shells from the 100-pounders soon caused them to make a hasty departure and then a force was crossed which fortified the hill and no further 'trouble came from that direction. At this time Gen. Halleck had been called from his duties in the Mississippi and made Commanding General of the U. S. Army, with headquarters at Washington. On the night of August 3, the monotony of camp life was slightly broken when the regiment moved back to Malvern Hill in light marching order, with haversacks full, in an endeavor to surround a rebel camp. A round-about way was taken, but the enemy escaped just in time and the command returned to camp on Aug. 7. While here, Lieut. Bachelder, of Company C, received his commission as Captain, and Lieut. Fred Crofts, who had been promoted from Sergeant of Company B, was assigned to Com pany C, as Second Lieutenant, Samuel S. Prime being pro moted from Second to First Lieutenant. Lieut. Crofts was soon transferred to Company I, and Second Lieut. Edgar M. Newcomb was transferred from Company B to Gompany K, being promoted from Sergeant Major. First Lieut. Henry A. Hale was promoted to Captain and assigned to Company B. First Lieut. J. G. C. Dodge was transferred from Co. C, to Company D, and First Lieut. Oliver F. Briggs from Co. A, to Co. E. In Company I, Second Lieut. J. G. B. Adams was trans ferred from Company A and First Lieut. William L. Palmer went to Company D. Capt. Ansel D. Wass, who had been wounded in the action of June 30th, and was absent in Massachusetts, was promoted to be Major. There was a great deal of sickness in the regiment at Harri son's Landing and much homesickness and discontent. The camp of the Nineteenth was on the banks of a beautiful brook and here snakes and lizards amused the soldiers, flies came to rob them of their peace of mind and vermin tried hard to prey THE REST AT HARRISON'S LANDING. 115 upon them — in most cases succeeding. The water was very bad and extremely foul of odor. The weather was warm and debilitating and the food not such as to add much to the physi cal strength of the men who seemed, thereby, to lose much of their stamina. Col. Hinks, after being wounded, returned to Massachusetts for a brief period, and, while convalescing, improved his time by eloquent appeals to his fellow citizens to volunteer at the call of the Government, and spoke with great effect in several towns of the Commonwealth, inducing a large number of men to enlist. On Aug. 8, he returned to Harrison's Landing, and, though not recovered from his wounds, was immediately assigned to the command of the Third Brigade, composed of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Massachusetts, the Forty-Second and Fifty- Ninth New York, and Seventh Michigan regiments, Second divi sion, Second Corps; which Division was assigned to cover the retreat of the army to the Chickahominy River, upon its evacua tion of Harrison's Landing. Gen. Halleck, commander-in-chief, was opposed to any further demonstrations against Richmond from the position then occupied by the Army of the Potomac. McClellan, how ever, insisted upon the plan, declaring that the rebels had received a sincere chastising and that the Army was ready and anxious to again push forward. McClellan's purpose was to cross the James at Harrison's Landing, attack Petersburg, and cut off the enemy's communications by that route south, mak ing no further demonstration at that time against Richmond. (This was exactly the plan adopted by Grant two years later, by which he took Richmond and destroyed Lee.) Halleck, however, deemed the idea "dangerous and impracticable" and so, after a stay of six weeks at Harrison's Landing, during which time the army had recovered from its losses and greatly improved its condition, orders came for the evacuation of the Peninsula. CHAPTER XVI. THE MARCH DOWN THE PENINSULA. On the 1 6th of August the order to ' ' pack up ' ' was received and the baggage was sent down the river to Fortress Monroe. The train of the Third Brigade, Second Division, Second Corps was placed in charge of Lieut. John P. Reynolds, Jr., and Lieut. John G. B. Adams of the Nineteenth Massachusetts regiment. At five o'clock in the afternoon, the regiment fell in, ready for the march, but the final orders did not arrive until nine o'clock the following morning. The regiment bivouacked on the parade ground during the night and the march for Yorktown was begun at 9.00 A.M. The troops went by one route and the wagon trains by another. These trains extended a distance of 40 miles in a single line. The march down the Peninsula, as a whole, was not hard, although the dust was so thick that the men could not see five paces in front of them. The road was lined with dead horses and the weather was very hot, although pleasant. The country through which the march lay was beautiful and during much of the time the river James was in sight. After marching a few miles on August 17, a halt was made for the night.. On the next day eighteen miles were covered and at nine in the evening the regiment came in sight of the Chickahominy. The river, which had given them so much trouble on the onward march to Richmond was now flowing peacefully on, looking, in the bright moonlight, like a silver ribbon. Its banks were the camping ground of the regiment for the night and on the follow ing morning, soon after sunrise, the men crossed on a pontoon bridge at Banet's Ferry, near its mouth. On the opposite shore a halt of a few hours was made and some of the men took advantage of the delay to go "swimming." March was re sumed and in the afternoon the regiment went into camp by the side of a mill pond. (116) THE MARCH DOWN THE PENINSULA. 117 Unlike the previous march, up the peninsula, when private property was rigidly respected, now every pig, hen or animal that could be carried or could be found useful was taken along. Cornfields were stripped and orchards were cleaned out. On the following day at noon the regiment passed through Williamsburg, a city which, in times of peace, was said to con tain about 6,000 inhabitants. Passing William and Mary College and the rebel fortifications and the battlefield of the 5th of May, the line was kept moving until the Warwick river was reached, when it went into camp for the night. The march on the following day brought them, at 4 o'clock, to near the York river, about a mile above Yorktown where camp was made. The first thing after breaking ranks was a rush for the river and in a few minutes there were thousands of men enjoy ing a bath in the cool waters and fishing for oysters at the same time. It was a glorious treat to wash off the accumulation of dust, and it made a great change in the complexions of the men. Going into- the water with faces like dirty Mongolians, they came out Caucasians. Oysters and quahaugs were plenti ful and the men enjoyed a rich supper of them, with side dishes of roast corn, shell beans and sweet potatoes. While the men were enjoying their bath and gathering the shell fish, they were ordered to at once return to their companies and form for dress parade. This order was an astonishing one, as dress parade during a long march had never been heard of. There were many mental objections, but, tired as they were after the hard march, the men started to clean up as so to make a respectable appearance, as they knew from past experience that they would have a good audience to witness their exempli fication of the manual of arms. At the dress parade there was, indeed, a large audience and such a one as the men had not looked for. It seemed as if the officers of the entire Corps were present, and half the men. Gen. Dana, commander of the Third Brigade,Gen. Gorman of the First and Gen. Burns of the Second, with Gen. Sedgwick, the Division Commander, and their staffs were there. "Something's Up," said one of the Nineteenth and all felt that they were expected to. 118 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. do their best. Perfectly willing to "show off" before such an audience, they spanked their muskets around in excellent style and received an approving cheer when their involuntary exhibi tion was concluded. Later, the men were told that they had been pitted against the First Minnesota, the generals of the First and Third Brigades having made a bet of $100 on their favorite regiments. It was expected that transports would be taken at this point for Washington or some other point and the men turned in that night expecting a good rest, but there is nothing in this uncer tain world more uncertain than a soldier's life, and this night proved to be no exception, for at 11 o'clock the regiment was routed out, rationed, and started at daybreak for Hampton. The day was extremely hot, the march steady and rapid; not much like the one made in the preceeding May over the same road, which instead of being of mud ankle deep was now dry and dusty. On the following day, August 22, Newport News was reached at 11 o'clock. The last few miles of the journey had been marched through rain, which fell in torrents and the men were thoroughly soaked through, but in a few hours the sun came out and dried them off. Here, again, they feasted on shell fish. During Saturday and Sunday the regiment lay in camp and. from its position the masts of the sunken "Cumberland" could be seen in the roadstead. At this point Lieut. Hume, of Company K, who had re turned from Richmond as an exchanged prisoner, made his appearance at the regimental camp and received a hearty greet ing. Col. Hinks first assigned him into Company B, but as he desired to be with his comrades of Company K it was made possible by placing Second Lieut. Newcomb, who had been given his (Hume's) position, in Company C. Newcomb found there in Capt. Bachelder, Harvard '59, a kindred spirit and many were the good times they had in the evenings together during the brief time before Antietam. Col. Hinks was here placed again in command of the Brigade and Lieut. Col. Devereux took command of the regi ment. THE MARCH DOWN THE PENINSULA. 119 The roster shows that First Lieut. James H. Rice of Com pany F, Capt. Charles U. Devereux, of Company H and Second Lieut. Fred F. Crofts, of Company I, were absent in Massa chusetts, suffering from wounds, and Major Wass had not yet returned. First Lieut. Oliver F. Briggs was the acting regimental quartermaster. Two. promotions had occurred during the month of August: First Sergt. William R. Driver, of Company H being advanced to Second Lieutenant and First Sergt. Thomas Claffey, of Company G, to the same rank. The men of Company K were saddened by the information that privates Thomas Grieve, Jacob Grau, Frank Hunter and John Hogan, — reported "Missing in Action" — June 25 and July 1, were languishing in Libby Prison. The embarkation of the army from the Peninsula took place from three points, simultaneously, — Yorktown, Fortress Monroe and Newport News. Every conceivable thing that would float was brought into requisition, — steamers, trans ports, ferry boats, tugs, schooners, barges, flatboats and scows. The waters at each of these points were black with them. The ten thousand sick and wounded had first to be provided for, and this necessitated much correspondence between Halleck and McClellan. The former worried at what he was pleased to con sider delay, on account of Pope's movement at the head of the newly formed Army of Virginia which needed the co-operation of McClellan's army, and the latter insisted that no earthly power could do better with the inadequate transportation at this command, which he requested should be increased. The Second Army Corps of Sumner was the last to leave the Peninsula. The rest of two days had done much toward recuperating the men, and on Monday morning, August 25, the Third Brigade embarked on the transport" Atlantic" and were taken to Aquia Creek, stopping a few hours at Fortress Monroe, where the men had an opportunity to inspect the big guns. The trip on the transport was a lively one. There were 100 officers in the cabin and 2000 men wherever they could find place to stand. The three days' rations which the men were supposed to have, gave out, and the hard tack and pork was stored at the 120 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. bottom of the brigade wagon. The men were clamorous fo food and resorted to all sorts of expedients to get it. One soldier, looking through the skylight of the cook's galley, saw a pan of biscuit resting temptingly beneath. He procured a musket, fixed the bayonet and, reaching down, punched it through the pan and drew it up, biscuits and all, and had a "square meal." Others watched the waiter when he started for the officers' quarters with their dinner and took it away from him. This made the Captain of the boat very angry and some effort was then made to feed the hungry soldiers. Some hard bread and a barrel of sugar was served out and, so hungry were they, that many made themselves ill by eating too much. Beside the Nineteenth Massachusetts there was on board the Forty-Second and Fifty- Ninth New York regiments. On August 27, Aquia Creek was reached and at 4 P.M. the regiment landed at Alexandria, hungry and dejected, and in ill humor with everything and everybody. This was not diminished any when the men were laughed at by a new Massa chusetts regiment which was just going to the front. Many of the new ones were heard to complain because they had received no butter since they left home and the men of the Nineteenth cheer fully told them they would find "stacks" of it at the front. The regiment marched three miles outside of the city and halted in an open field just in time to experience the full force of a southern shower. At Alexandria the much "needed clothes were issued and also rations of soft instead of hard tack, the first soft bread the men had seen since leaving Washington in the early spring. On the next day, Aug. 28, at 5 P.M. they were ordered to start for Chain Bridge, 17 miles distant, to occupy the forts at that point. Halting at one o'clock in the morning, the regiment bivouacked until 5 o'clock and was then marched to the vicinity of the bridge and halted near Fort Ethan Allen, which the men had an opportunity to inspect. Dana's Brigade, Col. Hinks commanding, was ordered at noon of that day, however, to march to Tenallytown, ten miles distant. Men fell by the way from fatigue and hunger, for since leaving Harrison's Landing THE MARCH DOWN THE PENINSULA. 121 they had received only one ration other than coffee and hard bread. Their strength, enfeebled by Peninsula experience, was more sorely taxed than ever before. The following letter gives an idea of the condition of the organization at this time, — just one year from the day the regi ment left Massachusetts: Headquarters, 19th Regt. Mass. Vols. Camp near Alexandria, Va., August 29th, 1862. To His Excellency, John A. Andrew, Governor of Massachusetts, Sir: The condition of this regiment requires three hundred and thirty-two (332) men to fill it to the standard. I respect fully request that number of men may be forwarded as speedily as possible. Very respectfully, A. F. Devereux, Lieut. Col. Com'd'g. On the bottom of this letter was written the following: Headquarters near Muddy Branch, Md. September 7th, 1862. Governor : The above mentioned number of recruits are required to fill our regiment to "maximum on paper," but six hundred recruits will be required to fill it to the maximum in the field, as we have a large number absent (wounded, sick, etc.,) who will never rejoin us. E. W. Hinks, Colonel, 19th Mass. Vols. Fresh from the trials of the Chickahominy and the Seven Days Retreat, the men of the Nineteenth were a rough looking lot. The contrast between them and the neatly dressed, spick and span "three-months" men in garrison at Tenallytown was 122 the nineteenth Massachusetts regiment. great. As the Nineteenth stopped at this town, one of the ninety- day men asked "Who's that fellow?" pointing to Lieut.. James G. C. Dodge, of Company F, who stood near, arrayed in a soldier's blouse. "That," said the man addressed, "is our lieutenant." "The Devil! Well, he'd be a rough customer to meet in the woods alone." (Those who knew Lieut. Dodge's 5 feet 3 inches best will appreciate this remark most.) The command had just reached Tenallytown when orders were received to join Dana's Brigade at Centreville immediately and assist Gen. Pope. This meant another long march, but the men were in such an exhausted condition they were allowed to sleep until 2 o'clock in the morning, when they were aroused and the tramp began. Rain soon began to fall and the acquaint ance with Virginia mud was renewed. Aqueduct Bridge, over the Potomac at Georgetown, was crossed at daybreak and at 3 P.M. a halt was made in a field with the rain still falling heavily. In consequence of reports to the effect that guerillas had attacked a train which the regiment had passed an hour or so before, Col. Hinks posted the men in line of battle across the road, faced to the rear and waited for the enemy to appear. As none came, he resumed the march for Fairfax Court House, arriving there on the next morning at daybreak, the men having by that time marched 63 miles in 64 consecutive hours, 24 of which had been in drenching rain. The regiment was left at Fairfax Court House, an extremely exposed point, to avert a threatened attack from the enemy's cavalry, while the rest of the brigade hurried on to German- town, where they arrived just in time to participate in the fight at Chantilly, which took place during a terrible thunderstorm. But. it was too late. In the dire moment they came upon a lost field. Although finally defeated, the troops were able to maintain their position until after dark and then orders were given for the march of the entire army back to the fortifications of Washington. On Monday, Sept. 1, the Union Army, falling back to Washington, entered Fairfax Court House. Porter's, Sigels the march down the peninsula. 123 and Sumner's corps marched to Chain Bridge by the Flint Hill and the Vienna roads. Without time even to make coffee, the Nineteenth Massachusetts was ordered out and deployed as skirmishers to the right of the town, as it was expected that the Tebel cavalry would attack the flank. They remained there until the entire army had passed. Then the Nineteenth Massa chusetts and the First Minnesota regiments were selected as the rear guard for Porter's, Sigel's and Sumner's Corps and were placed under the command of Gen. Oliver O. Howard. Col. Hinks, who was in command of the rest of Dana's Brigade, was chosen with his command as the rear guard of the other column. The two regiments started at five o'clock in the afternoon to bring up the rear of their column. There were a number of ambulances and wagons on the road with a squadron of cavalry in their rear. The regiments had been instructed to follow the column just inside the woods and the Nineteenth was just entering them when a shell came whistling over their heads. The horses in the wagons ahead were frightened and attempted to run. The cavalry horses took the cue and in an instant the mounted force started. Their officers, however, were cool and prevented a panic among the ambulances. As it was, these started off as though bound for Washington with sealed despatches, but were soon stopped. The shell fire was continued and the regiment had to march several times its length directly in the line of fire, but the men moved as steadily as if on dress parade. The officers suffered most, as their darkey servants could not stand the noise of the shells and, heavily laden as they were, with knapsacks, blankets, etc., could not easily run, so they unloaded as fast as possible and the field was strewn with articles, while the darkies hastened to the woods. Once sheltered, the regiment waited a few minutes for the trains to move off and then followed at a fair pace. Lieut. Col. Devereux had received a shell wound on the left knee, but kept to the saddle. Fortunately no men were lost, although several were hit and Gen. Howard mentioned in his report that "the coolness and perfect quietness and absence of any hurry or confusion was most gratifying to see. As the enemy's cavalry continued their pursuit, the two 124 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. regiments forming the rear guard were halted and placed at right angles to the. road, and Tompkin's Rhode Island battery was placed directly in the road with the muzzles of the pieces, loaded with canister, covering its ascent. The enemy, after waiting some time, evidently concluded, because of the absolute silence, that the retreat had been continued. A regi ment of cavalry was marched down the road, undoubtedly with the expectation of finding the troops in full retreat and conse quently unable to form and get into line. The battery fired twice at them and many saddles were emptied. Pursuit from that time on was given up. After resting for some time, in order to be sure that no one was pursuing, General Howard, with his orderlies, rode back, leaving orders for the two regiments to find their way until they made the junction with the Corps. With the First Minnesota in front and the Nineteenth Massachusetts in the rekr, the march was taken up and there was no incident until they reached the rest of the corps. The First Minnesota, in advance, reached them first and were recognized as part of the rear guard. It is the general belief, since the war, that they were thought to be the whole of the rear guard. The Nineteenth Massachusetts was coming slowly, feeling safe from attack in the rear. It caught up with the main column and marched naturally along. What occurred has never been fully explained and probably never will be. Lieut. Col. Devereux, in direct command of the regiment at that time says : "The regiment in the rear of the Second Corps imagined that the rear guard had passed and when the Nineteenth came up it was mistaken for a pursuing force, on which they opened fire immediately. We lost 11 of our men and Assistant Surgeon John E. Hill, of Charlestown was fatally wounded, dying a few days later. The Nineteenth, of course, were taken entirely by surprise and made no return fire. They were under perfect control." There were many stories as to how this unfortunate inci dent occurred. Gen. Howard states that it is his belief that a horse stepped upon a musket, discharging it, and thus causing THE MARCH DOWN THE PENINSULA. 125 a panic among horses and men. During the excitement, the horse of Capt. Russell, of Company D, fell under him and he was somewhat bruised. On the day after reaching the fortifications around the Capitol, the Nineteenth was ordered into one of them and there was great joy at the expectation that for the first time in their experience they were to have a "soft job." Up to that time the regiment had never known anything but the camp, the field, the march and the battle. About half of the men had gone inside the fort when orders were received directing the brigade to join the army. The regiment was obliged instantly to counter march and so, for just once in its entire service, it was inside a fort for a period, counting the coming in and going out, of probably ten minutes. They had never known shelter before. and did not again. CHAPTER XVII. TO SOUTH MOUNTAIN AND ANTIETAM. The troops were not in good health or spirits, but a few days in Maryland would do much for them. Rumors were soon afloat that Lee was in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Lee had received the thanks of the Confederate Congress for his brilliant achievements and with his trusted Lieutenant Generals, Jackson and Longstreet, crossed the Potomac near the scene of the battle of Ball's Bluff, threatening both Washington and Baltimore. He ma ched into Frederick City, Md. and issued his proclamation to the citizens of Mary land on Sept. 7. Meanwhile the command of the Union Army, including both the Army of the Potomac and the Army of Virginia, from which Pope had just been relieved, passed quietly again into the hands of McClellan. He at once took the field again to re-organize the forces, and started in pursuit of Lee. The restoration of McClellan contributed a healthy enthusiasm and on Sept. 7 the Army moved in three columns, the right wing under Burnside, the centre under Sumner and the left under Franklin. Col. Hinks having been relieved of the command of the Brigade by the return of Gen. Dana, took command of the Nineteenth Massachusetts as it started on the march which brought it finally to South Mountain and Antietam. The weather was warm, the regiment had no tents and the rations were not good, still they were on Maryland soil. When the regiment reached Rockville, Sept. 8, they spent one night there and many of the officers visited the Massachusetts regiments of Pope's Army. It was a revelation to hear their brothers of Pope's Army talk politics at such a time. The march was resumed in the morning and continued (126) TO SOUTH MOUNTAIN AND ANTIETAM. 127 slowly forward. Millbury was reached on Sept. 9, Clarksburg on the 10th and Urbana on the 12th. Fences suffered some what during the march, being used for cooking purposes only, the weather being so warm that no other fires were needed. Sometimes on picket, sometimes on the march, the column gradually neared Frederick City. Here and there traces of the rebels were found and, on the whole, they did not seem to have left a very good impression on the soil or in the hearts of the Marylanders. Once in a while a fellow in a grey coat was discovered, worn, sick and dispirited by the fatigue and exposure he had suffered, but there were not many of them, as their discipline was severe and they were forced to go as long as it was possible for them to move. The regiment marched through Frederick City on Sept. 12, two days after the Confederates had left it, and camped on the outskirts. Here the command was brought into "close column' by division, ' ' and a rigid order against foraging was read. Lee's proclamation of a few days before had been couched in terms which he thought would cause the citizens of Maryland to rally about the Confederate flag and it was probably thought wise to restrain any undue trespass by the Union forces. Lieut. Reynolds had brought with him from the Peninsula a colored boy named Henry Johnson who had acquired a repu tation for keeping the officers of the Lieutenant's mess well supplied with the necessities of life. While the Adjutant was reading this order prohibiting foraging, Henry was seen coming toward the regiment, showing his ivory and "toting" an earthen pot of butter under each arm, fresh from a neighboring dairy or spring house. The effort to beckon him out of the way was comical but strategic. The officers managed to make good use of the butter. It was too much of a luxury to part with, orders or no orders. On the morning of the 14th camp was broken and the march resumed, but only the commanders knew what the ob jective point was. There were rumors that it was Harper's Ferry, the Potomac river, and other places. At first the road lay along the level "Pleasant Valley" and was very smooth and delightful in the fresh autumn air. After a march of a 128 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. couple of miles, orders were issued to retrace the steps as the regiment was on the wrong road. This order did not please the men, but soon the command began to ascend a steep and high hill. For a good part of the way up the road was well shaded by large trees, making it cool and refreshing when the sun became high. There were frequent openings between the trees which presented charming pictures of the beautiful valley below. The regiment moved at a very quick pace, considering the steepness of the ascent. Song and joke no longer enlivened the march. The army of McClellan was moving in three columns, — one in the road and the others across country on each side of the road. It was the custom to have a column take the road on one day and the field the next, so that once in three days each column had the easier route along the highway. The order of march was "Route Step" which simply meant "go as you please," keeping up the general formation but relaxing tension and carrying the musket in the easiest position. If a fellow kicked up too much of a dust in this way, however, he had to "settle" with those immediately behind him. When the bugle sounded "Attention" from the head of the column, every gun was brought to the "Carry," the formation was regulated and everyone within sound of the bugle listened, wondering what was up. It was customary to march forty minutes and rest twenty in each hour and the order "Halt" was never misunderstood. In an instant the men sought the nearest tree on either side of the road and, lying flat on their backs, to which their knap sacks were strapped, dropped off to sleep. At times the artillery or cavalry, discovering the road clear, would "heave ahead," clattering over the ground to make a "lap," arousing the sleepers, burying them in dust and worrying their own poor horses who were equally as tired. At such times there was much good natured chaffing between the infantry and the mounted troops. Little by little, the trees seemed smaller and further apart and evidently the top of the hill was not far away. Suddenly the sound of distant cannon broke the stillness. Another fol lowed almost immediately and was re-echoed again and again. TO SOUTH MOUNTAIN AND ANTIETAM. 129 ' ' Cannon, evidently shotted: then we shall see the enemy soon. ' ' The tread of the tired soldiers became firm and elastic, their eyes flashed and they closed up. The road became a broad avenue toward the enemy. The heat was forgotten. Again a report, and they fancied they could hear the shriek of the shell as it hurtled through the air. At last the summit was reached. A beautiful valley lay peacefully at the foot, — a splendid picture. Here and there a farmhouse and other buildings dotted the landscape. The hill where the regiment stood seemed to extend to the right around th e valley and encircle it entirely, except for a little opening on the left. To the right were undulating plains, with groves and farms and ripening grain in large yellow patches, waving in the soft breeze. To the left was the South Mountain, five or six miles distant, across the valley and on its declivity bodies of men could be discerned and little puffs of smoke showed the artil lery's position as the troops shifted and fought for possession of the pass. The men could see the explosion of shells off to the right, over the woods which evidently sheltered the oppos ing force, whether Union or Rebel, they did not know. Just a moment's halt for breath was given and then the descent was begun, at a much faster pace than that at which the ascent had been made. Although it seemed but a step across the valley it was in reality several miles by the winding road. Before the regiment reached the foot of the hill, it was turned abruptly to the right and advanced toward the Rebel position. Now and then the sound of musketry was heard and the artillery still kept up the firing, making good music to march by. At last, "Halt" was ordered, in a wheat field in full view of the battle, and the men expected to be allowed to pass the night where they were, but the sun was just setting when another order came to "Fall in" and the march was resumed. Across a little brook and to the other side of the valley was but a short march and the regiment soon halted in the vicinity of the troops who had been fighting that day and on the very spot where the batteries had been seen in the afternoon. The body of Gen. Reno had been carried by them on the road and here they learned that Gen. Burnside had carried the heights. It was 130 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. this conflict that the men had witnessed as they reached the summit of the hill. On the following morning, Sept. 15, the regiment was ordered up the road where Burnside's troops had charged the day before. The hill 'was very steep. When the summit was reached a halt of some duration was made. The view of "Pleas ant Valley" from this point was very beautiful and when ' ' Jack" Adams began a song, the whole regiment added its chorus of voices. Meanwhile several of the generals held a consultation in what had been an old hotel and in which, on the previous day, the Rebel headquarters had been established. Many of the Rebel dead were lying about, stiff and stark, in their dirty-white uniforms. Cartridge boxes, cartridges, broken bayonets and knapsacks, cooking utensils and clothing strewed the ground, much of the latter having been taken from the merchants of Frederick City. and other towns through which the Confederate Army had passed. Soon the regiment was on the march after the retreating "Rebs, " toward Boonesboro. All along the road were found evidences of their hasty departure. Most of their wounded had been removed and when Boones boro was reached the little church there was found to be filled with them, and they were being tenderly cared for by the ladies of the place. Boonesboro seemed to be Union in sentiment. Everyone was at the door or window to see the troops pass and all the pails and other articles that would hold water were placed at their service. The inhabitants had not been pleased by even their very brief acquaintances with the "Johnnies." This was the only town in which the inhabitants evinced any desire to receive the Union troops cordially. "On to Keedysville" was the order, and in the afternoon of Sept. 16, this little place on Antietam Creek was reached. During this march the infantry column was pressed over to the side of the road to give a cavalry force the right of way in pursuit of the retreating rebel column. Each trooper had, in addition to his carbine and sabre, his haversack with his own ration, also his canteen, and a ration of forage, in the shape of a bundle of hay, for his horse. As they went clattering and bang- TO SOUTH MOUNTAIN AND ANTIETAM. 131 ing along, the ration of forage bobbed first to one side of the horse and then to the other. All this was fun for the infantry and the usual badinage broke out. "Say — give us that for a pillow." "See here, I want to set a hen." "Well, set her and be d ." "Why don't you set on it?" "Why don't you keep a pig?" "Say — Your tail's on fire." "Well, yours ain't. Why don't you go ahead? What are you afraid of? ' ' Where are you goin' with that kite bobbin ' ? " "Come on and see." This is but a sample of the good natured jollying that was carried on. When the column finally halted, the regiment rested on the side of the hill along the Sharpsburg road, as well as it could during the rest of the day, watched the artillery duel and the constant arrival of troops, and drew rations of food and ammu nition. The enemy seemed to know that the men were there and sent leaden messengers over the hill every few minutes to find them, but although these made a great deal of noise, they did no harm to the Nineteenth. There was a sharp skirmish between Hooker's left and the enemy during the afternoon, but without result except that Hooker established his lines to attack the enemy in the morning. Gen. Mansfield's Corps was sent across Antietam Creek during the night to join him. On the night of Sept. 16, 1862, while the destiny of a nation remained undecided, and while the fate of a multitude of soldiers was obviously pending, it is not strange that the minds of the combatants were imbued with unusual solemnity. Lossing remarks that "the night of the 16th was passed by both armies with the expectation of a heavy battle in the morning. Few officers found relief from anxiety, for it was believed by many that it might be the turning point of the war. ' ' Capt. George W. Bachelder and Second Lieut. Edgar M . 132 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Newcomb of Company C were fast friends and as they were about to turn in for night, on this eve of the battle of Antietam, Bachelder asked his junior officer, as he sat reading his Bible, to read a chapter aloud. Surprised at the captain's request, he happily complied and was asked to continue until several chapters had been read. Then, under the same blanket, they lay down to rest, but not to sleep, for Capt. Bachelder, as if forewarned of the fate which was to be his within a few hours, talked as he never had before to Newcomb in regard to the affairs of the company; telling him, among other things, of certain money, "The Company Fund," which he had from time to time sent home to his father in Lynn for safe keeping, advising him in regard to matters pertaining to the company and making in general such arrangements as one would make if taking leave of them forever. Then they slept, — Capt. Bachelder his last on earth, for he was killed in the battle of the following day; Newcomb being spared, but to answer the final summons in the next battle, — Fredericksburg. CHAPTER XVIII. THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. On the morning of Sept. 17 at 2 A.M. Reveille was sounded and breakfast was at once prepared. Soon after, heavy firing was heard in front and it was known that Hooker was ' ' at them ' ' with the gallant First and Twelfth Corps. At 7.30 o'clock the regiment fell in and learned that it was going with Sumner's Corp to the support of Hooker and Mansfield. Upon Burnside had been imposed the task of carrying the Stone Bridge opposite Lee's right flank and of intruding his Corps between Lee's right wing and the river. He failed. The work that should have been done at 9 o'clock in the morning was not done until 2.30 o'clock in the afternoon and the fruits of victory were lost. Sumner, in his position at the centre of the line, received orders from Gen. McClellan at 7.20 A. M. to cross the Antietam with his Corps, but instead of crossing at the bridge, went to the right, through a barnyard and past a number of haystacks, then around the hill upon which he hadbeen encamped, and crossed the quiet, silent creek about a mile above the bridge, at a ford where the water was waist deep. He had been on the eastern bank for 36 hours and might have opened the attack on the previous dayj but no orders had come to him. His Corps was now two miles from the battlefield. Hooker and Mansfield had encountered the enemy and driven them across the Sunken Road, near the Dunker Church, but in the engagement Mansfield had been killed and Hooker disabled. Sumner by this time, held the right of the army, the object of the whole plan being to turn Lee's left Sumner, never hesitating to obey orders, at once put his men into the affray and learned that Mansfield's and Hooker's com mands were being exhausted. Heavy firing was heard on the left as the regiment advanced across the creek, but Burnside, (133) 134 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. who was at the left, did not press the work there and the weight of Lee's forces fell upon Sumner and Hooker in a desperate attempt to force the centre. After marching a mile, Sedgwick's Division halted and faced to the right, behind a fence. In front was a cornfield in which the First brigade was forming under General Gorman. Gen. Dana was in command of the Third or centre Brigade, in which was the Nineteenth Massachusetts regiment. The Second Brigade, under Gen. O. O. Howard, filed into the field in the rear, forming the third line. Gen. Sedgwick commanded the Division and took his position between the first and second lines and there led the charge. Only about forty paces separated the lines from each other. It was a very faulty formation. The Division moved in three lines, each composed of a Brigade, without a skirmisher in front, in close order, and without connection or support on either flank. The faulty formation, as explained by Carleton, the Bos ton Journal's famous war correspondent, was probably due to the fact that Sumner had been educated as a cavalry commander. Cavalry tactics form bodies in the mass, rather than in deployed lines. It seems probable that in this formation he used the tactics of the cavalry instead of the infantry. Hooker's gallant corps was compelled to fall back, with Hooker wounded, and then came the order for the advance of Sumner's Second Corps. At the command "Forward" the men climbed the fence and moved on through the corn which had been trampled and broken by the first line, into the open field beyond, under a heavy -fire by the enemy's cannon stationed near the Dunker Church. Col. Hinks rode in advance of the Nineteenth regiment. Here was presented an inspiring sight. The shells from the Union artillery in the rear were fired over the heads of their forces at the enemy in front. The First Brigade was just nearing a nar row belt of woods, just beyond which was posted the enemy's centre. Immediately in its rear rode Sumner, the gallant com mander of the Corps, — hat in hand, with his long grey locks streaming in the wind, his smiling face looking as if the noise of howling shell and screeching shrapnel was sweet music to him- THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 135 He was the very picture of soldierly courage. His brilliant staff accompanied him and the whole made an example which did much to keep the lines steady and unbroken under the murderous fire of the enemy, who had a perfect range and made great gaps in his close ranks as they moved on. While crossing this field, the line changed front under heavy fire. Col. Hinks, seeing that the men were becoming a trifle un steady, halted the regiment and in the coolest manner, with can- nister shot, shells and minie balls raining about them, ordered "Colors and general guides on the line, on centre dress, — "and as carel'ully alligned the regiment as if on parade, closing up the files made vacant by the fallen, and then, for a minute or more, sat upon his horse and drilled his men in the manual of arms, regardless and apparently unconscious of the whistling bullets which occasionally terminated the manual of some soldier in the line. When he had concluded the drill with "Parade Rest" the regiment had entirely recovered from its indications of unsteadiness, and moved forward on the double-quick to its place in the line, reaching it before the Brigade had cleared the belt of woods. It was an illustration of the influence of example by a leader, the power of discipline and of the command of a familiar voice. . The Brigade moved on out of the woods and over a field strewn with the dead and wounded of both armies. During this advance, First Lieut. Reynolds, of Company G, stumbled over a dead Confederate color sergeant. He stooped and snatched the "Cross Jack" or "Saltier" from the staff, made it into aball and passed it to the orderly of Col. Hinks as a trophy, then hurrying on with the regiment. He never saw the flag afterward and no one now knows what became of it. On the opposite side of the field was Hagerstown Turn pike, and a little to the left of the line was a small building, the Dunker church. On one side of this turnpike lay rows of Union dead, — in some instances taking in every man in the line — while on the opposite side lay the dead Confederates, equally thick, showing how terribly in earnest these lines had been which lay on each side of the narrow road and shot at each other. A terrible sight to go into battle over! But "Forward, man" 136 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. rang out the order,— " Close up," etc.— and the lines dashed on. The mission of Sumner was to support the sorely pressed troops of Gordon and Crawford. Sedgwick's Division was in front of the column. After passing the turnpike, the Brigade descended slightly into another wood where Death was holding high revel. These woods were not like the Peninsula swamp forest, filled with underbrush and creeping vines, black stagnant marsh and stifled air, but open and clear, with large trees and firm ground underfoot and spreading branches overhead. While descending this slope, Ernest A. Nichols, of Com pany C, a lad of but 17, was hit by a spent ball on the breast plate and fell forward. Someone said "Nichols is gone" but he sprang up again and took his place in the ranks, saying "I'm not killed yet." Major Rice heard his remark and responded, "There's a brave man." The division moved on through this wood with the ranks being depleted at every step. Gen. Sumner did not know that there were ten Confederate brigades with "Stuart's Unseen Guns" concealed behind the ridge in front and behind fences between the Dunker church and the house of a man named Miller, east of the turnpike, ready to swing upon Sedgwick- Their centre was in«, cornfield behind a stone wall, which was crowned with artillery and infantry at every available point. Hooker's Corps had again been forced back and Burnside had, as yet, failed to carry the bridge. The Division was still in close column by Brigade lines, which made it impossible to manoeuvre, and the moment the lines crossed the old turnpike, afterward called ' ' Dead Lane, ' ' and entered the woods, they were met by a storm of fire from small arms and canister from tht enemy's artillery. The first volley nearly swept the First Brigade off the earth. The other two Brigades, of course, could use no fire themselves, and at the northern edge of the woods the Nineteenth halted on the top of a ledge. In front, and slightly below were the Forty-Second New York and the First Minnesota, hotly engaged with the rebels, while the Nineteenth, suffering severely from the galling fire of short range, could not reply because of the position of the lines and the conformity of the ground. They were, therefore. THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 137 ordered to lie down, while the minie balls rained upon them, seemingly as thick as hail stones, and the buzz of canister shot was continual. It was awful to lay there with no chance to reply, but Col. Hinks sat on his horse near the centre of the regiment, amid the heaviest fire of which he seemed to be the special object, watching the movements of the enemy, and, as his men remarked, exhibiting no consciousness of danger. With folded arms and a smile upon his lips, he remained thus at a distance of less than a hundred and fifty yards from the line of the enemy which was pouring its incessant fire upon the posi tion. The first brigade was almost annihilated. One single shot of an Enfield or Springfield rifle could hit a man in the front rank of the first brigade and go through to the rear rank of the last brigade. Soon the front line began to fall back, climbing up the rocky steep to the position of the Nineteenth. Some of the men on the left were firing toward its rear and left. The others yelled to them "What are you doing? Don't you know any better than to fire into our third line?" One of them replied: "You had better look back and see if they are the third line." Where was the third line ? No one knew! The wood was clear of any enemy in the immediate rear, but to the left was the rebel line extending back beyond the road and marching down, rolling up the brigades and firing into them. Gen. Sumner was talking with Col. Kimball, commanding the Fifteenth Massachusetts regiment, when Maj. Philbrick of that regiment shouted: "See the rebels!" Gen. Sumner looked in the direction in which Maj. Philbrick pointed and exclaimed "My God, we must get out of this!" Howard's brigade was then facing toward the west. He was at once directed to face it to the southwest, but there was not time before the blow fell. French's division had not yet arrived near enough, so that the left of Sumner's Corps was not properly closed on the adjoining force, and the enemy instantly threw troops into the gap, almost surrounding it and bringing an enfilading fire from front and flank and rear to add to the fierceness of the fight. The Division was helpless and a third of its number were cut down in a few minutes. The three lines were too close to serve as rallying points to 138 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. each other, and the second and third lines suffered as severely as did the first. Some of the regiments faced by the rear rank and fired; others broke from the death trap with little attempt at resistance. The left having given away in confusion, the remainder of the line became so exposed that they were com pelled to retire and only two regiments stood their ground, — the First- Minnesota, under Sully, and the Nineteenth Massa chusetts, under Hinks, who formed the right of the first and second lines respectively. Their right flanks came together; their left flanks being wide apart like the letter "V." They maintained their organization and when all others had left the woods, Col. Hinks changed front to rear on the first company, this movement being made in the face of a murderous fire. The men now faced the advancing line of rebels, and the First Minne sota fell back to the allignment of the Nineteenth Massach- setts on its right. During this action First Sergt. "Tom" Claffey, of Com pany G, and others were conspicuous for bravery in assisting to reform the men. Three times in the terrible retrograde, the two noble regi ments, side by side, fell back to new positions, each time by common consent after firing at the foe, until they got behind a stone wall in the middle of the field, from which vantage point they could not be dislodged. Each halting place gave proof of the obstinate contest, by the row of fallen dead and wounded that marked the spot like a black line. The track of each regi ment was strewn with brave men. After a brief struggle at the stone wall, the enemy gave up the pursuit. This halting place was still ,in advance of any other portion of the Union line .and in advance of the new line on which the remainder of the Division had reformed. Here the fighting was renewed. There was a portion of one of the companies of the Nineteenth Massachu setts which had collected in the road and, slightly protected by an angle in the ' ' worm-fence, ' ' the men gave their attention to the advancing line of rebels and tried to keep their colors down, firing only at the color bearers. There was a good opportunity to shoot at them in the few minutes in which the men held the fence and their colors went down several times. " THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 139 The enemy had posted a battery upon a hill at short range, which raked the field and road with canister, putting the regiment in a very hot corner. Just as they started to fall back, a charge of canister struck the road right among them and made them hurry. A few rods brought them to another lane leading to the farm house of a man named Nicodemus. Some of the men ran to the piazza and fired a few shots from that elevation, then all retreated toward the barn, near which were four stacks of wheat. After passing these, the men found themselves in a hollow, out of reach of the rebel artillery. A stone wall ran through the hollow from the road and over a hill where a battery was just coming into action. Behind this wall the regiment rallied and expected to make a stand there but soon was ordered to march toward the north and joined the rest of the division on a hill east of the Hagarstown Pike, near the house of W. Middle- kauff, where they remained in support of a battery until dark. Then they moved around and took position on the westerly edge of the east wood. The action of the Brigade had saved McClellan's right flank from being turned, as he states in his official report (pp. 279- 280) and by the re-forming of Sedgwick's broken division, Stonewall Jackson could not secure the results of his original advantage. In consequence of Gen. Sedgwick's wound, Gen. Howard came into the command of the division. At the Middlekauff house the roll was called and the regi ment was found to have been very much reduced in numbers. Every field officer was either killed or wounded. Col. Hinks had fallen with a bullet through his right arm, fracturing and shattering the bone, and- another bullet entered his abdomen, passing from over the right hip in front, penetrating the colon and out on the left side of the spine, in the region of the kidneys, from which wound he never fully recovered. His coolness and gallantry, and the discipline and heroism of his command had undoubtedly preserved the lines from being permanently broken. The report of the Adjutant General of Massachusetts says of Col. Hinks: "As soon as he observed the flank attack, which had caused the division to be thrown into confusion, he rode 140 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. forward and gave the necessary orders for the change of front' and as cooly superintended the execution of the movement as if on drill, notwithstanding the ground over which the regiment moved was covered with officers and men that fell from its ranks, under the heavy cross-fire of the enemy, pending the movement, and, as soon as the change of front had been completed, he rode his horse up to the colors in the line, and, by his inspiring words and gallant bearing in the face of the fearful carnage, stimulated his command with such firmness and determination, as induced them to hold the field alone against an attack from which other regiments recoiled." After Col. Hinks was wounded, the command of the regi ment again fell upon Lieut. Col. Devereux. His favorite horse was shot under him and he received a wound in the arm, but was able to direct operations until the battle was over. Maj. Edmund Rice was severely wounded during the engagement and Capt. George W. Bachelder, of Company C, was mortally wounded. When the regiment passed through the stacks of wheat at the Nicodemus barn the enemy followed and some of the men began firing upon them, but were told to stop as Capt. Bachelder was wounded'and lying there, with others of the regiment. The enemy soon fell back and then Joseph Pillsbury, Albert Rodger and Colonius Morse, of his company, volunteered to go and take the captain to the hospital. On reaching the stack they found him with James Heath, who had stayed with him, and whom the rebels had not taken prisoner. The captain's leg had been shattered by a shell just as the regiment rallied the time last in the open field. He was taken to the field hospital, where he died in a few hours. Capt. Bachelder was the idol of Company C. He had always shown great love for his men and was ever mindful of their comfort, ever ready to share their privations and asking them to encounter no danger to which he was not ready to expose his own person. In the Seven Days Retreat, no matter how hard the march or severe the fight, he was always smiling and ever ready with a cheerful word for the weary and halting. He was always an example in courage, THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 141 endurance, good nature and gentlemanly deportment. Probaby no commander was more loved when living or sincerely mourned when dead by his men than was Capt. Geo. W. Bachelder. Colonel Devereux says of him: "What a noble life went out in his country's cause when he died. Small in stature, but how grand a man! He was beloved not only by the men of his own company, but by everyone in the regiment." The command of Company C then devolved upon Second Lieut. Edgar M. Newcomb, who was soon promoted to be First Lieutenant for his bravery in this action. Capt. Henry A. Hale, Lieut. Albert Thorndike, Lieut. John P. Reynolds, Jr. and Lieut . Elisha A. Hinks were wounded. At an early part of the fight Lieut. Reynolds was wounded in the ankle and was ordered to the rear by Lieut. Col. Devereux. He hobbled back to his company, however, and stayed long enough to receive another wound, this time in the elbow of his sword arm. Col. Devereux said later, jokingly, that "it served him just right for disobeying his commander," but complimented him at the time in his official report. Capt. Hale received a very peculiar wound. A minie ball carried away all his front teeth and a piece of his tongue, making a painful and disabling wound. Sergt. MeGinnis, who had received a bullet wound in the breast, saw Capt. Hale as he sat in the temporary hospital his lips swelled so that he could hardly open them and his face puffed out, trying to drink some tea. Thinking to "cheer the boys up a bit," he said to the wounded officer, "Oh, Captain, how I'd just like to kiss you now." The poor captain could not laugh as it hurt his lips to move them, and could only splutter in his pain. Sergt. MeGinnis then lay upon the operating table and had his bullet removed without taking anaesthetics. John Barry of Company C was severely wounded in the face by a minie ball, which completely destroyed one half of the upper jaw and took off a piece of his nose. First Lieut. Albert Thorndike received a peculiar wound. A ball went through his abdomen, passing in through one vest pocket and out at the other. It struck his watch chain, which split the ball, and the part which passed through him carried 142 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. with it a piece of the chain. This piece of chain came out some time afterward in the process of suppuration. Capt. J. G. B. Adams relates the interesting fact that after the battle of Antietam, while caring for his mortally wounded brother, a rebel officer of the Eighth South Carolina regiment came up and declared that he. had a brother in the Nineteenth Massachusetts regiment. The rebel officer was Phineas Spof ford, and his brother of the Nineteenth was Daniel W. Spofford, who had been wounded during the day's fighting and carried to the rear. These two brothers met in happy reunion after the war. At no time was the engagement general, but disjointed masses entered the fight with a gallantry unsurpassed and, being unsupported, were enfiladed and driven out, as the rebel com manders, with characteristic sagacity, discovered the "holes" in the Union lines and filled them with their best battalions. The engagement of Sedgwick's Division was a battle in itself. The men advanced nearly parallel to the Confederate line, which was bent in a circle on higher ground, until they found themselves in a cul-de-sac under the fire of several rebel brigades which were rapidly working around their flank and rear. There was nothing to do but lie down and afterward get out and change front. The fact that this was quickly done probably saved the division from capture and annihilation. The battle raged with varying fortune during the day, and at night the enemy, who, though severely punished and suffering great losses in officers and men, withdrew across the Potomac to his own soil. The battle of Antietam resulted in the largest list of casual ties of any one day's battle. The Union cause lost Brigadier General Mansfield, killed: Major Generals Hooker and Richard son, and Brigadier Generals Rodman, Sedgwick, Harts' uff, Dana and Meagher wounded, with 12,469 killed, wounded and missing. The Confederate cause lost Brigadier Generals Branch, Anderson and Stark, killed; Major General Anderson and Brigadier Generals Toombs, Lawton, Ripley, Rodes, Gregg, Armstead and Ransom, wounded, with 25,899 killed, wounded and missing. BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. ADVANCE UPON REBEL CENTRE AT DUNKER CHURCH. Copyright I 887, by L. Prang & Co., Boston. By courteous permission of the Taber Prang Art Co., Springfield, Mass. THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 143 Thirteen guns, thirty-nine colors, upwards of 15,000 stand of small arms, and more than 6,000 prisoners, were the trophies of the Army of the Potomac from the battles of South Mountain, Crampton 's Gap and Antietam, while not a single gun or color was lost during these battles. OFFICIAL LIST OF CASUALTIES IN THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT AT THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM, SEPTEMBER 17, 1862. KILLED IN ACTION OR DIED OF WOUNDS: Co. C. C p ain George W. Bachelder. Co. B. Private John L. Foss. Private Joseph H. Pearson. Co. D. Corporal Clarence I. Tucker. Private William B. Wright. Co. E. Corporal John C. Foss. Private Horace Graves. Private Dennis Barry. Private Patrick Hurley. Co. F. Private Martin Lyons. Co. G. Private Francis Cassidy. Private James J. Hayes. Private Peter Collins. Co. I. Sergeant Edward Leach. Private Alexander Grant. Total 1 officer, 14 men. wounded: Colonel Edward W. Hinks, arm and body, severely. Lieut. Col. Arthur F. Devereux, wrist, slight. Major Edmund Rice, thigh. Co. A. Sergeant Isaac N. Adams (since died). Corporal Gorham Coffin, slight. Private William W. Holmes, shoulder. Private Oliver S. Rundlett, breast, severe. Private Samuel A. Hall, hand. Private Everett Carlton, arm. Private Daniel W. Spofford, leg. Private George W. Palmer, shoulder. 144 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Co. B. Captain Henry A. Hale, face, severe. First Lieutenant Elisha A. Hinks, breast contusion. Corporal Adolphus W. Greeley, face. Private William H. Bean, breast, and arm. Private George B. Carlton, dangerously. Private Hollowell R. Dunham, foot. Private Jeremiah Logan, thigh. Private Robert E. Rich, leg. Private George W. Cain, leg. Private Rufus H. Cole, Jr. Private James G. Kent, face, slight. Private Stephen J. Younger, neck. Private Michael Riley, hip. Co. C. First Sergeant William Stone, shoulder. Corporal Daniel W. Bryant, leg (died Oct. 5th, 1862.) Corporal David B. Jellison, thigh. Private John A. Cheney, hand. Private Edward W. Morrill, hip. Private John Barry, face. Private John Donovan, ankle. Private Jacob T. Hazen, breast (died Oct. 10th, 1862.) Private Jeremiah Danforth, groin. Co. D. Corporal Alexander Beach, hand. Private Mark A. Harris, thigh. Private William H. Goodrich, back. Private William Young, abdomen (died July 7, 1863, at Frederick, Md.) Private John Cavanaugh, knee. Co. E. Sergeant James Buchanan, body, dangerously. Corporal and acting color sergeant, Peter O'Rourke, leg. Corporal Patrick Wallace, head, severely. Corporal Henry K. Martin, arm, severe. Private Michael Sullivan, thigh. Private Edward Doherty. Private Daniel Delay, shoulder. Private Timothy Leary, leg. Private James Flannigan, leg. THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 145 Private George Wright. Private Philip Dunn, leg. Private James Welch. Co. F. Sergeant Charles K. "Hazen, slight. Corporal Benjamin E. Fogg, hand. Corporal John N. Robinson, leg. Corporal Nelson E. Knights, leg. Private James Doherty, arm. Private William M. Curtis, neck. Private William Gardner, leg. Private Seth M. Harris, shoulder. Private John McGann, leg. Private Joseph S. Gifford, arm (died Sept. 25th at Winchester, Va.) Private Joseph C. James, leg. Private William Smith, shoulder. Private Frederick P. Turner, head. Co. G. First Lieutenant John P. Reynolds, Jr., ankle and elbow. First Sergeant Joseph Marshall, shoulder. Sergeant Jeremiah C. Cronan, hand. Sergeant John P. Condon. Corporal Frederick Chandler, leg. Private Jeremiah Corbett, shoulder. Private Charles S. Pearson, foot. Private James McCarty, thigh and arm. Private John McCarty, foot. Private Jesse K. Sherwell, leg. Private John Cronan, thigh. Private Levi Woofingdale, back. Private Robert Marshall, leg. Private George W. Batchelder, hand. Private Simon D. Hitchcock, arm. Private Michael Leonard, bowels. Private George Lithead, arm and leg. Private William B. Fisher, thigh. Private Patrick Sullivan, back. 146 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Private Bartholomew Crowley, back. Co. H. First Lieutenant Albert T. Thorndike, stomach, severe. Private George H. A. Ball, thigh. Private Samuel Driver, thigh. Private John A. Williams, foot. Private Thomas Bridges, leg. Private Stephen McReady, contusion. Co. I. Sergeant John Powers, leg. Private Nathaniel B. Jordan, breast. Private William McCracken, arm. Private John T. Ross, leg. Private Andrew Vinton, hand. Private Lawrence Carey, arm. Private Charles A. Hall, thigh. Private Michael McCue, thigh. Private Lorenzo P. Nickerson, hand. Private Thomas A. Sweetser, knee. Co. K. Sergeant William A. MeGinnis, breast, severe. Sergeant Charles A. Haley, hand, slight. Private Joseph W. Cosgrove, slight. Private Samuel E. Vial. Private William A. McKenna, Private Robert Williams. Total 7 officers, 97 men. missing: Co. B. Private Varnum H. Rogers. Co. C. Private Charles Tibbetts. Private James H. Heath. Co. D. Private John D. Moses. Private Thomas Brennan. Co. E. Private Bartholomew Smith. Private James Welch. Private James Clark. Private John C. Howe. Private George Wright. Private John Doherty. THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 147 Co. F. Private Mark Tiernan. Co. G. Sergeant William Tibbetts. Private Thomas F. Costello. Total missing 14 men. captured : Co. C. Corporal Sewall S. Kent. Private George H. Patch. Private Edward Doyle, wounded (soon paroled.) Total captured, 3 men. RECAPITULATION. Killed 1 Officer 13 men Wounded 7 " 98 " Missing 14 ' ' Prisoners 3 8 Officers 128 Men. Signed by Wm. R. Driver, Acct. Adjt. 19 Mass. Regt. Bolivar, Va., Sept. 27, 1862. The losses of Sumner's Second Corps were as follows: First Division Second Division Third Division 1st Brigade, 314 1st Brigade, 740 1st Brigade, 510 2nd " 540 2nd " 545 2nd " 529 3rd " 305 3rd " 898 3rd " 582 1159 2183 1621 First Division, 1159 Second " 2183 Third " 1621 Total loss of Sumner's Second Corps . . . 4963 The losses in the Third Brigade, of the Second Corps, con sisting of the 19th, 20th Massachusetts, 7th Michigan, 42nd an! 59th New York and the 127th Pennsylvania, were 898, which was the greatest percentage of loss of any brigade in the engage ment. It will be noticed that the Nineteenth Massachusetts regi^ ment lost 128 out of 384 men engaged. Thirteen of its men 148 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. were killed. One company went into the field with 28 men and came out with but 14 remaining. The losses of Sumner's Corps — which numbered about 18,000 men, or one-fifth of the army engaged in the battle, — was nearly thirty per cent of its men engaged, and one half of the whole loss of the Union Army in the fight; while the losses in Sedgwick's division, which numbered only about five thousand men and in which was the Nineteenth Massachusetts were 2183, or more than 45% Col. Hinks suffered very much from his wounds received at Antietam, and for some time was considered mortally wounded; indeed he was reported and for some days believed to be dead, and lengthy obituary notices of the most complimentary charac ter appeared in the Boston dailies and other Massachusetts papers. Said the Daily Advertiser, f'He commanded the Eighth Regiment through the three-months service in 1861 with such ability and success that he was at once commissioned colonel of the Nineteenth for the war, that regiment being largely recruited from the old Eighth. In command of his new regiment, he was equally successful in securing the respect and confidence of all who came in contact with him. ' ' Said the Daily Journal on the same occasion, ' ' Col. Hinks was a brave and valuable officer, and is a great loss to the service as well as to the state of his nativity .... He displayed the quali ties of a soldier, as well in the care of his men as in his bravery in the field, and he will be remembered with respect by all who served under him, " Dr. Alfred Hitchcock visited the field of Antietam, and in a letter to Governor Andrew, Sept. 26, 1862, this described the condition of Col. Hinks: "Col. Hinks, poor fellow! seemed on Monday to have symptoms of sinking. His wound is through the abdomen and back, and a miracle only can save him. I advised against his proposed removal, as lessening the only possible chance for such a miracle to be wrought by Him in whose hand our breath is" The following is an extract from an official letter written THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 149 by Gen. Sedgwick to Gov. Andrew after the battle of Antietam, (see Report of Adjutant General of Massachusetts, pp. 181-3: — "To His Excellency John A. Andrew, Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, — I have already forwarded through the military channels a list of officers and soldiers who were distinguished for gallantry and good conduct, recommending them for promotion, and I would again commend to your excellency, Col. Lee of the Twentieth, Col. Hinks of the Nineteenth, Lieut. Col. Kim ball of the Fifteenth and Lieut. Col. Palfrey of the Twen tieth. Great credit is due to these officers for the splendid condition in which these regiments took the field. The Fifteenth and the Nineteenth are, in my opinion, fully equal to any two in the service. I have on two occasions strongly recommended the appointment of Col. Hinks as Brigadier General. He dis ciplined and brought into the field one of the finest regi ments, and has been twice wounded while gallantly leading it in battle. I again urge the appointment, and respectfully ask your Excellency's favorable indorsement. I have the honor to be, your Excellency's obedient servant, (signed) John Sedgwick, Major General Volunteers. CHAPTER XIX. AT BOLIVAR HEIGHTS. The day after the battle of Antietam was one of inactivity and rest. There was some artillery firing but no one in the Nineteenth Massachusetts was hurt. During the day a party came out from the enemy's line in front, under a flag of truce, and were met by officers of the regiment. Arrangements were made by them to bury the dead between the lines and the enemy asked that a party be sent inside their lines to care for Union wounded and bury the dead. Such a detail was furnished. Inside their line Jacob Hazen of Company C was found mortally wounded, and he died before the detail got through its labors. On September 19 the regiment marched 16 miles to Bolivar Heights, fording the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, at the same place it had crossed in the spring. Here on September 22, the command went into camp on the same ground where it had stopped in the previous march and from which it had started to join the army of the Potomac, not one foot nearer Richmond for all the hard marches and desperate fighting. It was not an encouraging thought. The tents were pitched on the side of the hill. Maryland Heights towered grandly on one side, while Loudon sheltered the other side and the front was covered by Bolivar. The posi tion was like a triangle, the sides being the various Heights, while the openings made by the Potomac and the Shenandoah formed the angles. The work of recuperating the Nineteenth commenced at once. It was rumored that the regiment was going home to recruit, but those who still took stock in camp stories were doomed to disappointment, as on Oct. 9 a large number of re- (150) AT BOLIVAR HEIGHTS. 151 cruits were received instead. These men had darker coats than the regulation pattern and this caused many of them severe wounds and some their lives later at the Battle of Fred ericksburg, the rebels thinking they were officers. After the battle of Antietam Lieut. Col. Devereux secured leave of absence for ten days on account of death in his family, and the command came into the hands of Capt. H. G. O. Wey mouth. A number of changes occurred in the regiment in Septem ber. Capt. Edmund Rice, absent from wounds, was promoted to major; Capt. Ansel D. Wass was discharged to enable him to be commissioned as Lieutenant Colonel of the 41st Massa chusetts regiment; First Lieut. William L. Palmer, of Company I, was appointed Adjutant, vice John C. Chadwick, promoted to Captain of Company C in place of Capt. Bachelder killed in action. First Lieut. Oliver F. Briggs, of Company K, was made Regimental Quartermaster, vice Shaw discharged. First Lieut. Isaac H. Boyd was in command of Company A; Capt. Hale and First Lieut. Reynolds, of Company G were absent on account of wounds, and Second Lieut. Thomas Claffey was in command. Company C had John C. Chadwick, formerly Adjutant of the regiment < as Captain, and Edgar M. Newcomb as First Lieutenant. In Company E First Lieut. Elisha A. Hinks who had been transferred from Company B, was absent from wounds. Capt. James H. Rice, of Company F, who had been pro moted from First Lieutenant, vice Edmund Rice, promoted to Major, was absent from wounds, and the command of Com pany F was in the hands of First Lieut. William H. Hill, who had been promoted from Second Lieutenant, vice Chadwick promoted. Capt. James D. Russell, of Company G, who had been transferred from Company K, was absent, sick, and the com mand was in the hands of First Lieut. Dudley C. Mumford, who had been promoted from Second Lieutenant, vice Shaw, discharged. 152 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. The two wounded officers in Company H, Capt. Devereux and First Lieut. Albert Thorndike, had not yet returned to duty and that company was under the command of Second Lieutenant William R. Driver. Capt. Jonathan F. Plympton was in command of Company I, but First Lieut. Samuel S. Prime, who had been transferred from Company C, was sick. First Sergt. John G. B. Adams of Company A was promoted to Second Lieutenant and assigned to Company H, vice Mumford, promoted. Captain H. G. O. Weymouth, of Company G, was trans ferred to the command of Company K and was in command of the regiment, leaving First Lieut. Lysander J. Hume in com mand of the company. Hume had been promoted from Second to First Lieutenant, vice James H. Rice, promoted. In com pany K also, First Sergeant Charles H. Wellock had been ad vanced to Second Lieutenant, vice Hill, promoted. In Company H, Second Lieut. Frederick F. Crofts had been dropped from the rolls by Gen. Order 162, A. of P., Oct. 7, 1862, for being absent for three months without explaining the cause. The promotions were richly deserved and were for gallantry and good conduct. Hume, Briggs and Newcomb had thus each been promoted a second time for gallantry and Sergeants Adams, Driver, Hill, Wellock, Claffey, Chubbuck and Tilton were advanced for like reasons. Sergeants Charles P. Abbott and William Stone were recommended for promotion for gallantry. Private Thomas F. Winthrop of Company C was promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant; Patrick Hardy of Company E was transferred to Company K as Corporal; Sergeant E. A. Hall, of Company F, was promoted to Sergeant Major; Corporal Hugh J. Carr was transferred to Company G as Sergeant and Private Edward Maloney of Company H, was transferred to Company E, as Corporal. The gain to the various companies from unassigned re cruits during the month of October had been 31; discharged from disability, 6; discharged by order," for re-enlistment in the regular service 8, dropped from the rolls, S. O. 162, A. of P., 159. During the month the following had died of wounds re ceived in action; AT BOLIVAR HEIGHTS. 153 Company B. Private Hallowell R. Dunham, Oct. 2nd. Private Rufus H. Cole, Jr., Oct. 5th. Company E. Private Hugh Connelly, Sept. 29th. Company F. Sergeant James Buchanan, Oct. 1st. Private Charles Tibbetts, of Company C, reported "Miss ing in Action" at the battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, had not yet returned. During the history of the regiment up to this time, the colors had twice been triumphantly raised by a private when fallen from the death grasp of a comrade, — at Glendale by Peter O'Rourke, and at Antietam by Edward Z. Bailey, and both were made Sergeants on the spot. Five colors sergeants had been shot down while carrying the flag of the Common wealth. Condition of the regiment at Bolivar Heights, Va., Oct. 13, 1862. Company A ... 35 Company B 28 Company C 28 Company D 22 Company E 28 Company F 38 Company G 35 Company H 30 Company I 37 Company K 25 306 This included every man in the regiment capable of doing the light work of camp, and many of these were quite disabled and unfit for active service. The outside limit of men who could march or fight was 200. At Bolivar Heights the regiment took its ease and comfort and soon was ready for another battle. The weather was glorious, the scenery as enchanting as any in America. The lovely mount of Loudon, the rugged grandeur of Maryland Heights, the swell of Bolivar, the plain of Charlestown, the 154 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. western background of the Blue Ridge and the beautiful junction of the Potomac and the Shenandoah formed a picture richer far than many scenes across the sea. The men were put through a severe course of drill and this, with camp guard and picket, were the duties of the time. Five glorious weeks were thus spent. The army was refitted, material and personnel were repaired and soon everyone felt that a move was to be made. The Nineteenth Maine regiment here joined the brigade. It was a fine looking body of men, 1000 strong, and was clothed in full dress uniform, even to hat. The men made a fine show ing as they marched on to the field. Two notable events happened at this place, — President Lincoln's review of the Army on the Heights, and the issuing of his Emancipation Proclamation, to take effect January 1st, 1863. There were many solid shot and shells scattered around the camp, many of the latter charged. One night three or four men of the new regiment were seated around a little fire, drink ing coffee, their pots resting on some cannon balls, among which was an unexploded shell. They were yet unacquainted with the innocent looking thing. The weather was cool and they sat close to the fire, enjoying a "skin roast," when their pleasure was brought to a sudden termination by a blinding flash and a cloud of smoke and dust, followed by a report. When it cleared away there were three or four white faces with bulging eyes, staring at the place where they had been cooking their coffee, but coffee, cup, fuel, fire and ashes had disappeared and a slight hollow in the ground where they had been was all there was to be seen. They were probably more careful afterward what they used to cook on. On Oct. 16, about fifteen regiments of infantry, besides cavalry and artillery, moved out toward Charlestown, and soon afterward heavy firing was heard in that direction. On the following day the men of the Nineteenth Massachusetts received orders to provide a day's rations and forty rounds of cartridges and to hold themselves in readiness to move at a moment's notice. Nothing however, developed until Oct. 29, when three AT BOLIVAR HEIGHTS. 155 days rations and sixty rounds of cartridges were issued, and on the following morning tents were struck and everything made in readiness for a march. The Roster on October 31 was as follows: Commissioned officers present, 20 On special duty, 1 In arrest, 1 22 Enlisted men, present for duty, 325 On extra or daily duty, 30 Sick, 27 382 Commissioned officers absent, Wounded, with leave, 8 Without leave, 2 Sick, 3 13 Enlisted men absent, On detached Service, 1 With leave, 1 Without leave, 2 Sick, wounded, 102 In arrest or confinement, 0 Prisoners of War, 2 108 Total: Present and absent: Commissioned officers, 35 Enlisted men, 490 Aggregate, 525 Total last report, 687 Recruits required, 498 CHAPTER XX. y TO FALMOUTH, IN PURSUIT OF LEE. BURNSIDE SUPERSEDES MoCLELLAN. At 2 P.M. on Oct. 29 the Nineteenth regiment joined its brigade and took up the line of march for Falmouth, in pursuit of Lee. Gen. Couch was in command, Gen. Sumner having been granted leave of absence. The day was beautiful, the sun shining brightly in a clear sky and the air just cool enough to make marching comfortable. Not having drawn winter clothing, the men were not heavily encumbered and some were actually destitute of suitable cover ing for the frosty nights, but, thanks to the Virginia farmers, there were plenty of rail fences and fires were kept burning all night, around which gathered the insufficiently clad and they were thus kept from actual suffering during the first week. After that it was colder, with snow and rain storms, and. all suffered more or less. The crops were not all harvested and that added to the comforts. Leaving camp soon after sunrise the brigade filed into the Charlestown road and through the village of Bolivar, taking a cross road to the east, down a steep hill, to the Shenandoah River, thence north to its junction with the Potomac. After crossing, the brigade passed around Loudon Heights into the valley beyond and began the march south at a leisurely pace. To the left was the Bull Run Ridge, beyond which lay the town of Leesburg and the battlefield of Ball's Bluff. The road over which they marched lay closeto the mountains they had crossed, — the Blue Ridge, and the line marched down the east side. Hills- boro was reached on the 31st. It was a superb country through which to march. War, at that time, had not reached it and huge stacks of grain testified to its fertility, while great flocks of sheep were grazing on every side. Distant reports of cannon were now and -then heard, (156) TO FALMOUTH, IN PURSUIT OF LEE. 157 echoing or re-echoing through the beautiful valley and the advance guard frequently met with little obstructions, but no real check came. The first three days passed without anything of note occur ring. The men lived well and enjoyed themselves. Wood Grove was reached on Nov. 2 and on Nov. 3, in the afternoon, the familiar boom of cannon was heard in front and soon after ward the regiment filed into a field on the right to halt for a short time while the advance met the enemy in a short skirmish. Then, taking the road, the column moved on a short distance and formed line of battle on the left of the road in a wheat field, the Nineteenth being in reserve, closed en masse by division. The division remained in this position until sunset when the regi ment took full distance, stacked arms near a stone wall and prepared for the night. During the following day, Nov. 4, when the journey was resumed to Upperville, the line halted many times to allow the cavalry to feel the way, but was not disturbed by the enemy. A few scattering reports were heard once as the opposing cavalry forces exchanged shots before the rebels retired through Snicker's Gap to the Shenandoah Valley. There was a great deal of foraging at this place because of the fact that there were more houses to forage upon. The men were much amused in the early part of the after noon to see a group of soldiers in the yard of a prosperous look ing farmhouse chasing pigs, ducks, geese, hens and turkeys, and there seemed to be plenty of them, while a strong-minded, mus cular female was chasing the men with a broom. Once in a while a man would try to grab something and then she would bring the broom down with a whack which could be plainly heard. A cloud of dust would rise from the victim's back and he would be careful not to let the broom make so close a connec tion with his person again. The men of the regiment took no part in this "circus" as the general in command rode at the head of the column and was a witness of the whole affair. That night stringent orders were read from the division comman der, forbidding foraging. At sunset the men encamped at the entrance to Snicker's Gap. 158 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. It being McClellan's intention to throw himself between Stonewall Jackson in the valley and Lee at Culpepper, on Nov. 6 the direction of the march was changed to the southeast and the troops reached Rectortown late in the afternoon, in the midst of a snow storm. The men awoke on the following morning to find three inches of snow upon their blankets. Salem was reached on the 8th and Warrenton on the 9th, the men having been repeatedly formed in line of battle, owing to the proximity of the rebel cavalry. All through the first part of this march the men lived quite well, finding many spring- houses rich with cheese, butter, milk and eggs and occasionally a jar of apple butter. It happened luckily, as rations gave out early and none were issued until Rectortown was reached. On that day, while halted, just after leaving Snicker's Gap, the Brigade commander rode oy and men in the regiments cried out "Hard Tack, Hard Tack." The general stopped, made in quiries and then rode on. The men were provided with the re quired "staff" that night. At Warrenton it was rumored that Gen. McClellan had been relieved of his command and succeeded by Gen. Burnside. This was realized next day, Nov. 10, when Gen. McClellan took leave of his troops, 100,000 strong — all of whom, except the Ninth Corps, had for twenty months shared his fortunes on the battlefields of the Peninsula and Antietam campaigns. The army was drawn up in line and McClellan rode past the men whom he had organized and led so often and who had a very great regard and affection for him. As he approached, the regi ments dipped their colors and presented arms. Immediately the salute was changed for three rousing cheers and salvos of artillery from the hill tops. The retiring commander was greatly moved as he passed along the line and realized what a hold he had upon the hearts of the men. Burnside assumed command immediately and the army was reorganized in three grand divisions, the right being commanded by Gen. Sumner and consisting of his own Second Corps; Gen. O. O. Howard commanding the Second Division and Col. Nor man J. Hall, of the Seventh Michigan, the Third Brigade, which, TO FALMOUTH, IN PURSUIT OF LEE. 159 in addition to the four regiments which had so long served to gether had been strengthened by the addition of the Fifty-Ninth New York, and One Hundred and Twenty-Seventh Pennsyl vania regiments. On Nov. 13 Division drill was held and it was a grand spec tacle, there being nearly 6,000 troops on the field at one time. For some reason, Burnside abandoned McClellan's plan of operations, which the latter had fully explained to him, and started rapidly down the Rappahannock toward Fredericksburg on Nov. 15. This gave Jackson an opportunity to join Lee, who, as a result, was well prepared for any move of Burnside' against him. A march of 14 miles was made on the first day. After leaving Warrenton there was no forage to be had and the weather grew cold and stormy. A stop of a day and a night was made at Paris. During the night it snowed and the men suffered much for the want of winter clothing which had not then been drawn. Large numbers of the men were walking round in the snow with their bare toes peeping out from their shoes, and others were nearly barefooted. With the Right Grand Division leading, the army reached the bank of the river at Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburg, on Nov. 17th, having marched about 40 miles in three days. * "November 18th. Laid across two or three cornhills last night, mak ing a very uncomfortable bed, but it was the best that I could do. This morning our cavalry and infantry are moving toward the river. Am on guard today." "November 19th. Came off guard at 9 this morning and immediately went out on picket with the regiment. Before leaving camp a whole corps passed toward the river. Think an attack will be made soon. In the corps were the 28th, 35th, and 36th Massachusetts regiments. It rains quite heavy today." "November 20th. Rained very hard last night. We returned to camp at 10 o'clock and immediately received order to pack up and move. We did so, marching about a mile and camped about a mile and a half from the river. Rains very hard, so we pitched our tents." "November 22nd. Inspection day. Some of the men are building a log hut for the Colonel. Something to do all the time." * These and similar extracts which follow are taken from the diary of a member of the regiment. 160 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. The river was low. It was easily forded. There was a small cavalry force of the enemy and a battery of artillery occupy ing the heights, commonly called "Marye's Heights, ", beyond Fredericksburg town. "Old Bull" Sumner, as he was called without irreverence, wanted to push across and capture those heights, but was forbidden and, instead of that, the regiments went into camp to await the arrival of the pontoon boats from Aquia Creek Landing. The small force on the other side cleared out after firing a few shots, leaving the Heights bare. They were only there for observation and were not expected to make a fight. The regiment encamped in a beautiful grove of hard pine for nearly three weeks without any unusual incident occurring. Then the fall rains set in and the river became badly swollen. Lee, finding that Burnside did not improve his opportunity for securing the Heights, sent a large detachment of his own men and fortified them. The rebels were strengthening their works back of the city and hot work was expected if the pontoons did not come up soon. Orders were received to log up the tents. This looked as if the stay would last through the winter. In consequence of the limited means of transportation, the rations were short and Thanksgiving, 1862, was in great contrast to that of the year before. Then the men were stuffed with turkey, goose and duck and plenty of sweet potatoes and home-made bread and other delicasies, while now they had only a very limited supply of beef soup and all the hard tack they could eat. "November 27th. Today is Thanksgiving Day and we have from policing in the morning until dress parade to ourselves. I wish I was home to enjoy it. My dinner is composed of salt pork, turkey and hard tack. I have made this my washing day, having been to the stream and washed my clothes." The men had not been paid for five months and were very short of money and tobacco. There were two inches of snow on the ground. Before December came, however, the regiment was properly clothed and rationed. The following extract from a letter written by First Lieut. TO FALMOUTH, IN PURSUIT OF LEE. 161 Edgar M. Newcomb describes the surrounding country ade quately : "November 27, 1862: Procured a pass to Falmouth, and at 9 A. M. started for the village, a mile distant. A neighboring height diverted me, and I ascended to find a battery of six Parrots commanding the town, the river and the country beyond. Following the ridge of hills, I soon came upon another battery. In fact, a succession of batteries protect us now, threaten all the open country on the other side of the river and will cover our advance in future. The left bank of the river is high and commands Fredericksburg and the whole country around for two or more miles up the river. Every road and field and moving thing can clearly be discerned from that distance, owing to the unbroken nature of the ground and the absence of woods. At this edge of the stretch, however, the country is well wooded, and from the tree tops rises the smoke of numerous rebel encampments. In one place the naked eye can discern a dark heap, which the glass reveals to be 1000 rebel troops hard at work on a heavy fortification. I con tinued down the river to a point opposite Fredericksburg. The Rappa hannock is hardly wider than the Charles at Watertown. All along this bank lie our pickets in posts of three or four, the posts thirty paces from each other. All along the further bank, and so near that conversation is quite easy, lie the rebel pickets. Almost within a stone's throw of each other pace the sentries of the two armies, ready to give the alarm at any hostile demonstration. Falmouth on the left bank is a small village with two or three churches. Fredericksburg, on the right bank, a mile below, is the second city of Vir ginia, with seven churches. We see the sentries as they pace the streets leading down the river; and the men, women and children as they cross them on different errands ; we hear the blacksmith at work in his shop and the rattles of vehicles in the streets; but the bridges are all gone, the ferry boat locked on the other side, and the river separates us from — some thing. Could this be war? The peaceful city, beautiful country and quiet river, even the smoke of camp and picket fires curling slowly upward, betoken no strife. The few white tents in sight look innocent enough. The sunlight plays with the sentry's bayonet and even the frowning cannon seem but as the shade necessary to perfect the picture." The Nineteenth Massachusetts regiment had by this time been drilled into excellent condition and the commanding officers were much pleased with it. Brig. General O. O. Howard, on Nov. 20th, 1862, wrote from the headquarters of the Second Division, Second Corps, at Falmouth, Va., 162 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. "I have had Massachusetts regiments under my command for the lastjfew months and they have won my complete confidence. The Fif teenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth are regiments that your state and our country ha(Ve every reason to be proud of. I have found them well dis- eiplined, with arms in good order, efficient in outpost duty, steady and perfectly reliable in action. For myself, I state it with perfect sincerity, I ask no better troops." CHAPTER XXI. EVENTS AT FALMOUTH. Capt. Charles M. Merritt, who had been reported absent without leave was restored to the rolls of his Company, A, by order of the Secretary of War, Nov. 17, 1862. First Lieut. Elisha A. Hinks, of Company E was assigned to the command of Company B as special duty. Chaplain Ezra D. Winslow, who had been reported as absent without leave from Nov. 1 to Nov. 17, was assigned to duty at the Convalescent camp, Alexandria, Va., by S. O. 350, A. of P. for 30 days from Nov. 17. Of the surgeons, assistant surgeon Josiah M. Willard was absent sick*and Dr. vertulen R. Stone had been appointed assistant surgeon by Gov. Andrew on Nov. 6. Three other changes were made in the regimental officers during November. Capt. James D. Russell and First Lieut. Albert Thorndike had resigned because of wounds and had received their discharges, while Second Lieut. Michael A. McNa- mara had been discharged. A number of men had left the regiment on recruiting duty during November, being sent to Massachusetts. These were as follows: Co. A. Corporal William Young. Co. B. Sergt. Moses Shackley. Co. C. Private Stephen Armitage. Co. D. Private C. P. Crane. Co. E. Sergt. D. Corrigan. Co. F. Sergt. Charles R. Hazen. Co. G. Corporal William H. Clark. Co. H. Sergeant A. C. Douglas. Co. I. Corporal Charles S. Palmer. Co. K. Sergeant Thomas P. Manning. (163) 164 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. "Dec. 1st. Hewed timber for our tent, as we were ordered to prepare winter quarters. "Dec. 2nd. In the forenoon drilled in the bayonet exercises which we are obliged to do every day. ' ' Dec. 3rd. Nothing going on today. Paid 25 cts. for a loaf of bread. "Dec. 9th. My feet have been wet for three days and today are quite sore. My shoes have given 'out and my toes are on the ground. Don't know but I shall freeze them." The news that Gen. Burnside had completed preparations for making the long contemplated crossing at Fredericksburg was not long in reaching the camp of the regiment. Extra rations were issued, together with extra rounds of ammunition. The arms were given an exceptional inspection and everything indicated that there would be a movement at daybreak. An interesting incident occurred in the camp of the Nine teenth Massachusetts during the evening of Dec. 10. John Thompson of Company F, who was on special duty went to Lieut. Hill and said, questioningly "The boys are^going into a fight tomorrow?" ' ' It looks like it, John, ' ' was the reply. "Well, Lieutenant, please let me fall in with them." He was told that he could not be spared from his post as cook. "I know, Lieutenant, but I want to show 'em the stuff I've got in me. Won't you let me go?" He begged so hard that he was finally permitted to fall in, the most pleased man in the regiment. During the period of waiting, Burnside had sent a summons across the river for the surrender of the city and his demand had been refused. Then, in accordance with the plan of the commanding general, on the morning of December 11, an attempt was made to lay the pontoons from near the Lacy House on the north bank, directly to Fauquier Street, the main street of Fredericks burg which ran to the river. Two more were begun a third of a mile down the stream and two others a mile and a half farther down, near the house of a Mr. Bernard. Sumner and Hooker were to use those opposite the town and Franklin those farther EVENTS AT FALMOUTH. 165 down. Work was begun at three o'clock in the morning, and the pontoon train moved across a ploughed field to the water's edge. Everything was carried on quietly. Across the river a rebel sentry could be seen by the light of a fire, patrolling* the bank. By daylight the work had progressed fairly well, considerable material had been carried to the river, and part of the bridge laid when the rebel sentry heard the crackling of the ice as the boats were pushed into the water. Seizing a burning brand, he waved it over his head as a danger signal, and soon a brigade of sharpshooters, — Barksdale's brigade of Mississippi riflemen — were firing rapidly at the engineers from behind the rifle pits, fences, walls and from cellars on the other side. They were able to pick off officers, par ticularly of the engineer corps, engaged in constructing the bridge. Fresh men stepped forward to take the place of those shot, but the sharpshooters killed and wounded so many that it almost resulted in the destruction of the engineer detachment. The artillery then began shelling the rebels from Stafford Heights, but without effect, as they could not depress the guns sufficiently. Meanwhile, the regimental commanders of the Third brigade had been assembled at brigade headquarters to receive preliminary instructions for the approaching battle. They were informed that the brigade would be the first to cross the upper pontoon bridge then being laid by the engineer corps; that the Nineteenth Massachusetts, then commanded by Capt. Harri son G. O. Weymouth, would occupy the right of the city on Caroline Street, with its left resting on Fauquier street, its right extending to the large brick mill, or warehouse, which was situated on the bottom land of the river, a distance of more than half a mile. They were instructed to hold this position until the right grand division, consisting of the Second and Ninth Corps, had crossed the river. At about four o'clock in the morning the clear blasts of the bugle aroused everyone to activity. The rude breakfasts were hastily eaten, the sick and disabled were hurriedly tolled off for the guard of the camp; the bustle of aides and orderlies increased, and at half past four the opening roar of artillery in front an nounced that the dread business had begun. 166 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. The heavy columns of the Ninth Corps swept rapidly to the front. French moved his division to the heights of Stafford, Hancock followed close and just at dawn the gallant division of Howard moved up. Word that the Engineers had succeeded in laying the bridges below the city and that Franklin and Hooker were crossing was received, but the bridge over which the Third Brigade was to cross could not be laid in time. About two hours before daylight the brigade marched down to the river bank, and found but a small section of the bridge laid. There was about an inch of snow on the ground and the fog was so dense that it was impossible to see across the river. The Nine teenth Massachusetts regiment was deployed as a skirmish line along the river bank at the west side of the bridge, with the Seventh Michigan doing the same service on the east side, while the 179 guns on the hills behind them kept throwing shells over into the city. The men could feel the hot air from these shells as they flew overhead. Later, the regiment was -ordered to the rear of the batteries so that they could depress their pieces. After the fruitless attempt to dislodge the enemy by artillery and a waste of many hours of valuable time, the brigade com mander sent for the regimental commanders late in the afternoon and informed them that it was proposed, after shelling the banks, to make a crossing in pontoon boats by volunteers, as the nature of the work was to be hazardous. The commanders of the Nineteenth Massachusetts and the Seventh Michigan, who were the only ones that had arrived at this time, tendered their ser vices and were immediately ordered to conform as nearly as possible to the orders of the night before. During the day the heavy mist over the river had been dissipated by the sun and the city was clearly visible. The houses seemed to be untenanted and nothing appeared to have life but one poor, lonely cow which wandered up and down the river bank. But once in a while there would be a flash, a puff of smoke, followed by a report, denoting the spot where some rebel sharpshooter was concealed.' To step upon the bridge meant instant death. CHAPTER XXII. CROSSING THE RIVER AT FREDERICKSBURG. The bridge, half completed, stretched out into the river, while the pontoons lined the bank. The artillery on the hill above and to the rear kept throwing shells over the city and now and then one could be seen making its way into the side or roof of a house. Once or twice a terrible shriek was heard, as though a woman had been hit or was bewailing the loss of hushand or lover. The poor cow was seen to fall. Flames and- smoke burst from many buildings in various parts of the city. The crackling of flames and the crashing of falling walls sometimes broke the monotony of the cannonade, the echoes of which beat up against the Falmouth bluff, rolled back beyond the town and then from the distant hills once more swelled over as though the heavens were rent asunder. The instant the batteries ceased firing, the men of the Sev enth Michigan and the Nineteenth Massachusetts took to the boats, twenty in each, and poled across the river under a heavy musketry fire from the enemy. Crack! Crack! Crack! from a hundred lurking places went the rebel shots at the brave fellows, who, stooping low in the boats, sought to avoid the fire. The murderous work was well done. Lustily the men pushed on the poles, however, and presently, having passed the middle of the stream, the boats and their gallant freight came under the cover of the opposite banks. Two companies of the Seventh Michigan were the first to make a landing as they had used the boats which were nearest to the end of the uncompleted bridge. They were led by Lieut. Col. Baxter who was struck by a shell as he climbed the bank on the Fredericksburg side. As the men appeared above the bank, the rebels emerged from cellar, rifle pit and stone wall, like so many rats and by the hundreds scampered off up the (167) 168 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. streets of the town. As the two companies of Michigan troops marched up Fauquier street, in a direct line with the bridge, they were immediately hotly engaged. The two boats bearing Companies K and C of the Nine teenth Massachusetts, with the National and the state colors (the first ones to be carried across) landed near those containing the two companies of the Seventh Michigan, and the men went forward to their assistance eagerly and swiftly. Capt. John C. Chadwick, of Company C was the first man of the Nineteenth to land. tf The next boat to touch the bank bore the colors of the Seventh Michigan, and, a few seconds later,, the remainder of both regiments having crossed, they formed in line on the banks of the river, the left resting on Fauquier street, and advanced, deploying as skirmishers in order to drive the enemy back from the western part of the city. One can imagine with what interest the crossing of the first two boatloads was watched by the troops on the shore, and with what enthusiastic shouts their landing on the opposite side was greeted. It was a display of heroism, which moves men as nothing else can. The problem was solved. This flash of bravery had done what scores of batteries and tons of metal had failed to accomplish. One man from Company B of the Nineteenth had jumped into the first boat with the Seventh Michigan and, as the rest of his regiment dashed up the bank, he was seen coming from a house with two tall "Rebs" at the point of his bayonet and he proudly marched them to the rear as prisoners. Many of the other men captured rebels as they ran from the houses and the pontoons as they returned took more than a hundred of these fellows. The city was held by Gen. Barksdale's Brigade, consisting of the 13th, 17th, 18th and 21st Mississippi regiments, with the 8th Florida and the 3rd Georgia of Anderson's Division. The men of the Nineteenth were by no means novices in hard fighting on the open field or in the woods and dense underbrush, but at tacking an entire brigade with only a thin line of skirmishers for a distance of half a mile, concealed as they were in the attics, BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG. LAYING PONTOON BRIDGES UNDER FIRE. Copyright I 887, by L, Prang & Co., Boston. By courteous permission oj the Tnbn Prang Art Co., Springfield, Mass. CROSSING THE RIVER AT FREDERICKSBURG. 169 chambers and cellars of the houses, was not only novel but a great strain upon the moral and physical courage. The most dangerous and trying part of the action was that the enemy could fire a volley at such close range without being seen. The fierce work went on, — from street to street, from house to house, from yard to yard, amid smoke and blaze, the crash of shot, the whirr of shell, the shrieks of women and the moans of children. Men sorely wounded, fought on and added wound to wound. Officers and men fell fast. Company B lost ten men out of thirty in less than five minutes, and other companies suffered similarly. In one of the houses were captured five men, who less than two minutes before had, with others, crossed the street and given the men of the Nineteenth a volley at close range. Companies B, D, E and K of the Nineteenth were posted along Caroline street, and it took about an hour and a half of of the severest fighting before they secured the north side of the street. A few minutes later when the left was furiously attacked by the enemy, who had concentrated at this point for the purpose of regaining the avenue leading down to the pontoon bridge, they were forced down Fauquier street for some distance. The men of Company K turned into a corner lot and took shelter behind a fence. There they received a volley which killed Pri vate Penniman and wounded another. This fire was returned, but the enemy proved too strong and too well posted so that the men were driven back to the river. As the men of the Nineteenth fell back toward the river, the Twentieth Massachusetts marched up Fauquier street. Up- . . on reaching Caroline street^ the latter regiment wheeled to the right, but before the full line had reached the street, the enemy from their snug retreats poured such a deadly fire upon them that they were forced to retire with great loss. Over the completed bridge rushed the divisions of Hancock, French and Howard, the old Second Corps, followed by the columns of the glorious Ninth. As the men of the Nineteenth Massachusetts lay upon the bank of the river they recognized and received the plaudits of the heroes of other days. Palfrey, with the Twentieth Massachusetts, Farnham, with the First 170 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Minnesota; Owens,fwith his "regulars;" Meagher, with the "Irish Brigade," the Fifteenth Massachusetts and Rickett's battery recalled the Dunker Church and the terrible cornfield at Antietam; Hancock's old brigade recalled the glorious day; of Williamsburg and Fort Magruder; Van Valkenburg and the Fourteenth Indiana told of Hatteras and Fort Clarke; the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-seventh Massachusetts of Roanoke Island. Then came Hawkins with the gallant heroes of the "Stone Bridge" of Sharpsburg; the Fourth and the Eighth Ohio, who cleared the way at South Mountain pass, and the Thirty-fifth Massachusetts, who led the old Ninth Corps through the bloody gorge of Crampton's Gap. All, all were heroes. No color flouted the winter air but recalled some glorious day. During the brief interval of searching the houses in the city, companies E, F and B had been ordered to surround a certain dwelling and search it thoroughly. Capt. Mahoney, as senior officer of the left flank company, took command. Capt. Mahoney, with Lieut. MeGinnis, of Co. F, and Lieut. Elisha W. Hinks, of Co. B, attempted to enter, but found the door locked. Capt. Mahoney, in his rich brogue, pounded on it and cried ' ' Open the dure. ' ' There being no response, he said to a sergeant; "Joost lave me yure gun." Then, to any possible inmate of the house he said: "Now will ye lave the door be shut when I tells ye to open it!" Club bing the piece, he brought the butt of the gun with a mighty swing down upon the offending planks. Bang went the musket and in went the door just as the bullet from the inverted gun went singing through the long, jet black beard of Lieut. Hinks. The Lieutenant jumped as though he had been shot, as, in truth, every one near thought he had been. Capt. Mahoney was startled and turned around with a ludicrous expression on his face, which instantly changed to one of wrath when he heard the torrent of angry words which Lieut. Hinks was hurling at him. ' ' How dare ye, sorr ? ' ' roared back the Captain, relieved to find that the Lieutenant was not killed through, his careless- CROSSING THE RIVER AT FREDERICKSBURG. 171 ness, — "How dare ye, sorr, address such language to yure supayrior officer, — I'll rayport ye,sorr. " "Yes," shouted Lieut. Hinks, "And I'll prefer charges against you." This passage at arms was kept up for some time, to the amusement of the men and resulted in an estrangement be tween the two officers which lasted for some time. From one of the houses where a girl had declared there was no one but her "poor, old blind father" a rifle was fired and on investigation a rebel was caught with a gun, hot from the dis charge. He was taken out just as the Twentieth Massachusetts regiment was marching rapidly up the street and was forced to march directly ahead of their leading file. As the regiment reached Caroline street and received the terrible volley from Barksdale's brigade this man fell dead. The arrival and engagement of the Twentieth Massachu setts enabled the Nineteenth's left to regain its position on Caro line street, which was maintained, with a constant exchange of shots, for more than an hour after sunset. Here was found the body of private Michael Redding, of Company D, who had fallen at the charge of the regiment up the street and when the line was forced back, he was left lying where he fell. A com rade had offered to take him on his back on the retreat, but he said, "No, you'll be back again shortly and I'll sit here and wait for you." When the men returned, however, his body was found to have been pierced in seven places with bayonet wounds, he having been killed in this manner while lying there wounded. Near here was found the dead body of the lonely cow, pre viously mentioned, and she was rapidly cut up into steaks which were greatly enjoyed. In the houses were found eggs and other articles of food which the men "borrowed." During the progress of the fighting, John Thompson, of Company F, whose request to be allowed to go into action with the men is already chronicled, came to Lieut. Hill and asked per mission to go a short distance to the rear and get the musket of a wounded man who was lying there, his own having been fired so 172 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. much that it had become choked with grease. Permission being given, he went back and was met by a lieutenant who cried out to him, "Here! Where are you going, you shirk? Go back to your company." "I'm no shirk and no coward," replied Thompson, "I got leave to get this man's gun" stooping to pick it up. "Well you can't have it," said the lieutenant, "Get out of here and get back to your company." In a moment, Thompson, — black with smoke and powder and panting from excitement and exertion, limped up to Lieut. Hill, with his hand upon a wound in his thigh. He was so angry tthat he could hardly speak. "Didn't you tell me that I might have that man's gun?" he asked, wrathfully, "Well, that back there wouldn't let me have it and, him, he ran me through the leg with his sword and said I was a shirk and a coward. "Well, well, John," responded Lieut. Hill, considerably sur prised, "you're wounded, go to the rear." "Not by a sight," shouted the enraged hero, fiercely, "I came out here to fight, and I'm not through yet," and he sprang forward into the fray. (Thompson had a splendid record. He was later commis sioned Second and then First Lieutenant and was killed in the trenches at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864.) The Nineteenth Massachusetts held the north side of Caro line street during the night, and the enemy the south side, defended with the most formidable barricades which ingenuity could invent, consisting of barrels and boxes filled with earth and stones and placed between the houses, so as to form a con tinuous line of defense. The Division Commander, Gen. O. O. Howard, inspected the line of defence at about IIP. M. and was greatly pleased to learn that the men had secured the city after such a desperate defence. The Second and Ninth Corps passed to the outskirts of the town as the enemy retired, and there and in the fields beyond bivouacked for the night. The Nineteenth Massachusetts and the Seventh Michigan were permitted to remain in the town. The pickets of the regiment had an opportunity to look CROSSING THE RIVER AT FREDERICKSBURG. 173 behind the- fences running parallel to the river and there a hor rible sight met their gaze. The rebels lay thick along the fence, just as they had fallen, killed by round shot and shell. Some lay with their heads severed, others with arms and legs gone and still others mutilated in a terrible manner. It was freezing cold that night. The river was skimmed over with ice and the men had to keep moving to prevent their freezing to death. Gen. McLaws, in his report of the defence of Fredericks burg says: "On the 25th of Nov., my division marched into the city. Detach ments were^immediately set at work digging rifle pits close to the edge of the river bank, so close that our men, when in them, could command the river and shores on each side. The eeMars of the houses near the river were made available for the use of rifle men, and zig-zags were constructed to enable the men to get in and out of the rifle pits under cover. All this was done at night, and so secretly and quietly that I do not believe the enemy had any conception of the minute and careful preparations that had been made to defeat any attempt to cross the river in my front." There were many remarkable escapes during the day. Private O'Connell, one of the recruits who had joined Co. C at Bolivar, had seven bullet holes in his overcoat collar, some of the bullets having gone deep enough to cut his shirt collar, but not harming him. At daybreak on the morning of the 12th the right of the Union line was withdrawn from the warehouse and the regi ment stacked arms and remained on Caroline street until noon of the 13th. This period of inaction gave the men an opportu nity to look around at the ruin which had been caused by the Union artillery. The city had suffered heavily, — in one house nine cannon shot holes were counted and fragments of shells, broken plaster and demolished roofs everywhere greeted the eye. Some members of Company D entered a fine house and found the table in the dining room just as the family had left it, — the food untouched and the coffee cups full. Some of the chairs were tipped over, others were pushed back. The cause of the evidently hasty departure was plain. A cannon ball had come in at one side of the room, passed directly over the table and 174 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. gone out through the opposite wall into the street. The men at once sat down and enjoyed a good dinner, even though it was cold. The occupants of this house were apparently wealthy people, the furnishings were elegant and a fine piano, an organ, violin, flute and several other musical instruments were found in it. An interesting concert (?) was enjoyed. In the cellar there was an ample supply of wines and liquors. While lying on Caroline street that day, the body of a Union soldier was found. He had been wounded in the leg, but had been bayoneted four or five times by the rebels and killed that way. A brother of Lieut. Edgar M. Newcomb arrived that day to visit him, and it was a fortunate occurrence, for he was present to nurse him on the following day when the brave lieu tenant received his mortal wound. While the regiment was engaged at Fredericksburg, Ben jamin Falls, of Co. A, who had been assigned the position of company cook, protested to Capt. Boyd against further service in that capacity. "If you've no use for Ben Falls," said he, "send me home. How nice it will look when I write to my wife that the regiment fought nobly and I carried the kettles. I either want a musket or a discharge, and I prefer the musket. ' ' His request was granted and after that he had his position in the line with the others of his company. The 12th of December passed, with the exception of a few alarms, very quietly. The night was spent in the different houses, and many were the good things that were found. There were many amusing spectacles resultant from over indulgence in the various drinkables which were found. Just about dark, one of the men of the regiment was seen to proceed rapidly up Caroline street, by devious lines, toward the enemy's pickets, with a live goose by the leg in one hand and a black * bottle by the neck in the other, in pursuit of a particularly lively pig and singing "I Dreamt I Dwelt in Marble Halls" with the utmost power of a voice not especially melodious at any time and not much improved by his recent potations. In the beautiful drawing room of one of the most fashion able houses in the town a young officer of the Seventh Michigan, who by reason of the smoke and mud on him would have been CROSSING THE RIVER AT FREDERICKSBURG. 175 scarce recognized by his mother, was giving a performance upon one of "Chickering's Best" for the benefit of an audience com posed of an equally presentable crowd of survivors of the "For lorn Hope," Confederate prisoners and darkies in about equal proportions, all about equally under the influence of "John Barleycorn" and all attending to the performance with an assumption of studied and dignified gravity surpassingly ludi crous under the circumstances. Another group "on pious thoughts intent," was bringing quite a selection of anthems to a close with the old hymn of: "When I can read my title clear To mansions in the skies, I'll bid farewell to every fear And wipe my weeping eyes." But they invariably forgot at the close of these lines the remainder of both hymn and air. As a consequence they sang at least twenty times with great unction and with great effect these four lines, and as often finished with "Jim Along Josey" or "Carry Me Back to Old Virginia." At last, rather suspecting that there was a hitch somewhere in the arrangements, and that it must be in the hymn, they concluded to have one more loving drink all round and then to bed, — probably their usual one, poor fellows, upon their Mother Earth. Rich furniture became, in the streets, the lounging seat or couch of some tatterdemalions whom one would hardly dream were the heroes of yesterday and were to be among the heroes of the morrow. Rich carpets were cut up for blankets, cooking stoves were carried into the streets for convenience in baking some soldier's dinner, but to the eternal honor of soldiers for the first time in possession of a conquered city, neither child nor woman was insulted or treated with aught but chivalrous respect, not even by the most intoxicated soldier of the great force was any home invaded if defended by woman's presence. In one house the officers found a bureau filled with articles of women's clothing. It was clean and well done up. They put on some of the articles and masqueraded. It was ' ' Good even ing, Mrs. Smith," "How do you do this evening, Miss Jones?" 176 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. — etc., for some time. It was a jolly lark, but suddenly a distant report was heard, — whizz — and a crash, as a shell from the rebel works came tearing through the house. Never did anyone get outside of night cap and night gown quicker than did these offi cers, who were willing to be shot as men but not as women. Second Lieut. J. G. B. Adams, of Co. I, occupied the room of a young lady whose delicate finery was spread about in it. He went to sleep in her bed, but was awakened by his men who had spread a banquet for him in the dining room below. They had secured roast duck, biscuits and preserves and these were spread on a table set with the best of china. Later, they found a barrel of molasses and filled their canteens with it, but in doing so, it was tipped over and, as Lieut. Adams said, "The house was molasses from cellar to attic. ' ' CHAPTER XXIII. FREDERICKSBURG. DECEMBER 13, 1862. The morning of Dec. 13, 1862, opened fresh and sharp and the men were up at daybreak. Troops had for eight hours been crossing the bridge and marching to the front, and at noon the Nineteenth Massachusetts received its orders to participate in the storming of Marye's Heights. Dinner was served a little before noon and while it was being eaten a shell burst directly overhead, causing some of the men to move hastily away. One lieutenant was struck on the arm as he was pouring out a cup of coffee. He dropped the kettle but fortunately none of the beverage was lost. He was unharmed, although he was lame for several days. Almost before dinner was concluded orders were received to "Fall In" and, as every one was anxious to get into the fight, which they knew was soon to come, the line was quickly formed. The Ninth Corps was in advance, the Second lay in support, in line by Division, — Hancock, French and Howard. From far away upon the left came the roar of Franklin's guns, but the order to advance did not come. Sumner fumed, the fiery Hooker fretted and swore. Hancock stood leaning upon his sword, a silent statue of manly beauty, brave and true as handsome and beloved. French's red face grew redder, and Howard prayed. As the men waited, from the centre came the sound of a sputtering fire that grew momentarily louder. Hooker is engaged! " Why do we wait ? Yet we wait! We wait!" Now the Ninth Corps' dresses its lines, deploys its columns, and advances. The storm bursts upon the right with dread, magnificent power. The concentric fire of many guns sweeps (177) 178 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. the heroic Ninth. They near the foot of the hill and from be hind the Sunken Road and the stone wall bursts a bright sheet of flame. The blue line melts away, but still it staggers forward. Reno's old brigade reaches the road. They hold their own. They gather head. The enemy flee up the hill and the day is half won. Hancock rushes forward with his division, but Early flings himself down the hill with his fresh troops, — a few minutes' wild work and the position is lost again, and the shattered brigades of the Ninth fall back in the rear of Hancock's advancing line. A little while the anxious forces held in reserve await the reforming of the broken Ninth, Then word comes that Rey nolds has turned the enemy's right, and they hope, — and wait. Then they hear that Reynolds has not been supported and has lost what he so bravely won. Then Hancock is moving again. Steadily and swiftly his gallant forces near the rebel works. Again pelts that storm of shell upon the open plain. Again opens that rain of Hell from the Sunken Road in front. Again the line of blue staggers up that grassy slope, to melt away at the foot of the hill and fall back, shattered, bleeding and breathless. The guns of Franklin and Hooker thunder on the left and centre. French advances. The shattered commands of Han cock and of Parks give him passage and the splendid Third Division rushes over the bloody slope to certain death beyond. With awful rage the anxiously waiting lines held in abeyance see them slaughtered as were those who had gone before, and in half an hour French reels back with but half his heroes. The waiting line closes up, belts are tightened, all extra weights thrown away. Silence falls upon the ranks, for all know that they must traverse those heaps of dead; that they, too, must soon face that storm of death. They wait, and at last the order comes to advance. At three o'clock in the afternoon the lines move forward, slowly at first, and then with swifter pace. The Twentieth Massachusetts and the Seventh Michigan were with the Nine teenth and, marching by the left flank, the regiments followed the bank of the river for a short distance, then, turning suddenly FREDERICKSBURG. 179 to the right, marched up Hanover Street in company front. Here were many fine buildings, but the street was enfiladed by the rebel guns. Many men were lying dead and wounded in the middle of the street. Now and then a shell came bounding . along. To avoid the shells, the men were ordered to take to the side-walk, and the march was continued at a quick-step. Gen. O. O. Howard was met and he spoke an encouraging word as he passed. The wounded were moving to the rear in crowds, a sickening sight. The houses soon were further and further apart but the shells, on the contrary, came nearer and nearer. The air was full of missiles. Soon some fences were encountered and the men hastily crawled over, through or under them and then crossed several yards surrounding some of the houses. Soon they reached the canal which intersects the city and found the bridges were crowded with fugitives, wounded men and stretcher bearers. The regiment pushed across the ditch, down one side and up the other, — and hurried forward, but soon filed to the right and formed in line of battle in a field, under cover of a steep bank which protected them from the rebel shots and which formed the edge of a plateau reaching to the rebel rifle pits at the foot of the fortified hills. While the regiment was waiting for the line to be extended to the right, the Nineteenth Maine regiment filed past. This was their "Baptism of Fire." It was amusing to see the effect of the cannon shot on them. As each shot passed over the regi ment, from right to left, the men would duck their heads suc cessively like the waving of grain in the wind. The rebels had a good line shot, but could not depress their pieces enough to hit them. The line of the Nineteenth Massachusetts had hardly formed when Capt. Weymouth ordered "Forward." Up the ascent they sprang, and on toward the rifle pits of the enemy. The plain over which they had to charge was some four hundred yards in width and had a gradual rise to the base of the Heights. With its colors well to the front, the regiment, — a mere handful of men, — advanced across the plain. The dead of Parke, of Hancock and of French lay all around them, the grass was 180 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. slippery with their blood, their ghastly lips seemed to appeal for vengeance, — and with fierce yells the line rushed on. When the men reached the crest of the bank they were in full view of the enemy's works from which the batteries and infantry opened upon them with such effect as literally to sweep them, reeling and staggering, back to cover. Shells and canister poured down upon them like rain, for not only did the line have to withstand the awful fire from the front, but was subjected to an enfilading fire from the batteries on the rebel left. The two color bearers, Sergt. Ronello B. Creasey, of Co. I, and Corp. Winfield Rappell, of Co. B, were among the first to fall, but the colors were instantly picked up and the line hastily withdrew. Re-forming, under cover of the canal bank, the regiment again advanced across the plain toward the Heights, under the heavy cross fire from the rebel batteries which covered every inch of the field up to the point where they could no longer de press their guns. In this charge Capt. Weymouth was wounded in the leg and fell to the ground. (His leg was afterward ampu tated). The command then devolved upon Capt. Mahoney and, almost immediately, he too fell with wounds in the arm and side. Again the color bearers were shot down. Sergt. Charles B. Brown, of Company G, was the seventh man to grasp the colors and he quickly received a wound in the head which stunned him. Lieut. Hume, thinking the wound a mortal one, told him to give up the colors, but he refused saying, "I will not give them to any man." Finding that he was fast becoming weak, Brown rushed out in advance of the line, stag gered and fell, driving the color lance into the earth; and there he lay, dizzy and bleeding, still grasping the lance with both hands until Lieut. Hume caught them up. A color corporal then took it, while Edgar M. Newcomb grasped the other, the bearer of which had also fallen. Lieut. Newcomb shouted "Forward" and the quivering line sprang oh again, but as he spoke the brave lieutenant was hit by a shot which passed through and shattered the bones of both legs below the knees. As he fell, he handed his color to Second Lieut FREDERICKSBURG. 181 J. G. B. Adams, who was then in command of Co. I. "Don't let them go down!" exclaimed Newcomb. ("It seemed as if I grasped for death, expecting every moment to be my last," said Lieut. Adams afterward.) Instantly the color corporal with the other flag was felled by a wound and it was grasped by Sergt. Chas. L. Merrill, of Co. C (Newcomb 's Company) and he, too, fell wounded. The man who seized the flag when Sergt. Merrill fell was at once struck down by a ball and as the color again dropped, Lieut. Adams caught that also. He now held the two flags of the regiment in his hands. Through the staff of one of them a ball had passed and killed its bearer, and a cannon shot had torn a great hole in the centre of the national banner. Directed by a sudden instinct, and realizing that it meant sure death and probably the loss of both colors if he stayed where he was, Lieut. Adams rushed across the field to the left and reached the shelter of a fence. The men followed him and here the regiment was reformed and changed front. Then as they lay close to the ground, the men had a good opportunity to reply to the fire of the rebel sharp shooters, who from their perfect cover of rifle-pits and stone wall had poured volley after volley upon them at short range. (For his gallantry in tfhis action Second Lieutenant Adams was pro moted to First Lieutenant and afterward given a medal of honor by Congress.) Here the men had an opportunity to look over the roll- Capt. Weymouth, commanding the regiment, had lost a leg;Capt. Mahoney had been wounded in the arm and in the side; Capt. Dunn had been wounded in the leg; Lieut. Newcomb, wounded mortally; Lieut. Dodge, wounded in the abdomen; Lieut. Palmer, in the leg; Lieut. Chubbuck, slightly, while Lieut. Thomas Claf fey, of Lowell, had been killed while he was in front of the line cheering the men on. Of the 300 men engaged, 104 were lost, the aggregate being: commissioned officers killed, 1; wounded, 8; enlisted men killed, 13; wounded, 75; missing, 7. The command of the regiment devolved upon Capt. J. F,. Plympton and it was ordered to fall back to the position of the rest of the brigade, and this was done in good order. At mid- 182 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. night, the regiment was relieved, marched back to the city in the rain and bivouaced. The slaughter had been beyond description. It is said that on the evening of the 13th, because of the dead and wounded the plain looked blue, but on the following morning it appeared white, for the enemy had stripped the dead for the sake of their clothing. The fate of the men in the First and Second divisions of the Second Corps, who had preceded that containing the Nine teenth Massachusetts had been similar to its own. Gen. Burn- side's official report of his losses was: Killed, 1180; wounded, 9028; missing, 2145. Says Sergt. Foster of the regiment: "No one who has not witnessed such a scene can form any idea of the awfulness of that hour, the fearful screeching of the shells, the ominous buz zing and vicious whistling of canister and the endless "ping ping" of the minie balls, while the reports of the musketry was one continual crash and, far above all, the thunderous tones of hundreds of cannon, completely drowned the encouraging shouts of the officers. The whole line was enveloped in a cloud of sulphurous smoke, almost hiding the regiments from each other and through which crimson flames from muskets and cannon darted fiery tongues. What carnage! Comrades fell all around you, mangled and bleeding; the colors go down, but are raised to fall again and again, the line moves forward with decreasing speed until when past the centre of the plain it finally stops, fires a few spasmodic volleys, wavers, breaks and flees to the protection of the bank from whence it had started. Then, without delay, it re-forms, moves up the bank and the tragedy is re- enacted. Once more the scattered remnants form a regimental line and are led forward with the same result. Bleeding at every pore, stunned and sore, the heroic division reeled back to the town to. count its dead and bind up its wounds. In the Nineteenth Massachusetts, Weymouth, Mahoney and Dunn had gone down; Newcomb had fallen on the slope, with the colors clasped to his breast; Adams and Hume, both were shot; Chubbuck's blood stained the white standard of the Commonwealth; Merrill, stretched upon a couch of pain, had linked his name with those twin emblems of the cause; Dodge FREDERICKSBURG. 183 had borne bloody laurels from that stricken field; Charles Deve reux limped with pain; Jewett bore four wounds from the affray, and Mumford and Robinson, it was sadly felt, would never march again. There were many peculiar incidents of the battle, among the men of the regiment. Capt. John C. Chadwick, of Co. C, had received a letter just as he started into the fight and had put it into his pocket without reading. After the battle he drew it from his pocket in two pieces, cut in twain, as if by a knife, by a minie ball which had passed through his knapsack. Lieut. Newcomb had been left mortally wounded upon the field and after the men reached a place of safety behind the fence, Capt. Chadwick with First Sergt. Wallace T. George, of Co. C, dashed back upon the field to get him. "Don't touch my legs" cried Newcomb, as they undertook to lift him. They took him by the arms, and, dragging his legs along the ground amid a shower of bullets, they got him through the fence, put him on a stetcher and sent him across the river to the Lacy House, where he died a week later. That accomplished soldier, Gen. Couch, says the men were asked to conquer an impossibility. Gen. Longstreet says: "The charges had been desperate and bloody, but utterly hopeless. I thought, as I saw the Federals come again and again to their death, that they deserved success, if courage and daring could entitle soldiers to victory. ' ' General Longstreet described the defence of Marye's Heights as follows: "An idea of how well Marye's Heights was protected may be obtained from the following incident: Gen. E. P. Alexander, my engineer and superintendent of artillery, had been placing t he guns, and, in going over the field with him before the battle, I noticed an idle cannon. I suggested that he place it so as to aid in covering the field in front of Marye's Hill. He answered, ' General, we cover that ground now so well that we will comb it as if with a fine comb. A chicken could not live on that field when we open on it.' Gen. Lee, who was with me on Lee's Hill, became uneasy when he saw the attacks so promptly re newed and pushed forward with such persistence, and feared 184 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. the Federals" might break through our lines. After the third charge he said to me 'General, they are massing very heavily and will break your line, I am afraid. ' ' General, I replied, if you put every man now on the other side of the Potomac on that field to approach me over the same line, and give me plenty of ammunition, I will kill them all before they reach my line.' ' ' Lieut. Wm. L. Palmer was seriously wounded and was being carried to the rear by two of his men when a recruit dashed past at a lively pace. The lieutenant grabbed him and struck him over the shoulders with the flat of his sword, calling him a coward. The man replied: "I know I'm a coward, and a damned coward" and, breaking away from the Lieutenant's weak grasp, ran down the street, amid a shower of bullets, dis appearing among the crowd at the bridge. He had been at the very front in the fight but had become suddenly panic-stricken and fled. At the battle of Gettysburg, a few months later, this man was in the front line on the second day and on the third day, despite the fact that he had a premonition ' that he was to be killed, he moved bravely forward with his company to meet the advancing foe and fell — a hero. On the morning following the engagement at Marye's Heights, the regiment received orders to take position in the rear where it remained until Monday at 7 P.M., when it ad vanced to the next line. A detail was then made of one com missioned officer and 25 men for a fatigue party. After having been gone an hour, they returned and orders came to re-cross the river and cover the retreat of the army. The regiment reached Falmouth after midnight. Private Joseph Seaver, of Co. B, was killed while crossing the bridge in the darkness. It had been claimed by some that the Twentieth Massachu setts regiment took part on the crossing of the Rappahannock, to Fredericksburg, in the open pontoon boats. It is certain that some few men of the Twentieth did get into the boats with the Nineteenth, but the Twentieth as a body, followed the Nine teenth in the boats, after the Nineteenth with the Seventh Michi gan, had landed and driven the enemy back. FREDERICKSBURG. 185- The official reports on this subject are as follows : Headquarters, Second Division, Second Corps- December 19th, 1862. Colonel: I have the honor to state that the Seventh Michigan passed over not far from 3 P. M. The Nineteenth Massachusetts |followed immediately, at about 3.30 P. M., it having been necessary for the boats to cross twice with the- Seventh Michigan. The boats crossed three times to carry over the Nineteenth. The bridge was commenced after the Nineteenth had crossed, and completed at sunset, about 4.30. The Twentieth followed the Nineteenth in boats before the bridge was completed. No other regiments crossed in boats. "The Nineteenth Massachusetts having lost two regi mental commanders, it cannot be ascertained with certainty what its losses were in that affair, separate from the following battles. Col. Hall thinks there were about 10 killed and about 28 wounded. O.O. Howard, Brig. Gen., Commadg. Div. Report of Gen. O. O. Howard Com'd'g 2d Div. 2d Corps, dated Dec. 19th, 1862 to Corps. H. Q. "I think the Seventh Michigan Regiment, also the Nineteenth and Twentieth Massachusetts, deserve honorable and public mention for gallantry in crossing the river and securing a foot hold in the town of Fredericksburg on the evening of the 11th instant." The crossing of the river in the boats gave rise to one of the poems written during the war by George H. Boker of Phila~ delphia. ' 'They leaped into the rocking shallops — Ten offered where one could go ; And the breeze was alive with laughter Till the boatmen began to row. And many a brave, stout fellow Who sprang in the boats with mirth Ere they made that fatal crossing Was only lifeless -earth. 186 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Cheer after cheer we sent them As only Armies can, — Cheers for old Massachusetts, — Cheers for Young Michigan. They formed in line of battle, Not a man was out of place ; Then with levelled steel they hurled them Straight in the rebel's face." Casualities at Fredericksburg, Dec. 11 — 13, 1862. killed in action or died of wounds: Co. A. Private Gilman F. Nichols, Died Dec. 11. Private Edward D. Noyes, " Dec. 13. Private Leroy A. Nelson, Dec. 13. Private Charles Hudson, Dec. 14. Co. B. Second Lieut. Thomas Claffey, " Dec. 13. Corporal Winfield Rappell, Dec. 13. Private Peter Wallace, " Dec. 11. Private Joseph A. Guilford, Dec. 11. Private Conwell Merritt, " Dec. 13. » Private Joseph Seaver, ' Dec. 14- Private Daniel P. Howard, * Dec. 15. Private Joseph W. Morrison, Dec. 17. Private Ezra S. Dudley, " Dec. 13. Co. C. First Lieut. Edgar M. Newcomb, " Dec. 20. Co. D. Private Moses C. Little, " Dec. 11. Private Michael Redding, Dec. 11. Co. E. Corporal Michael Cronin, Dec. 13. Private Patrick Hagerty, Dec. 13 Co. H. Corporal George A. Brown, Dec. 17. Co. I. Sergeant Ronello B. Creasey, ' Dec. 14. Co. K. Private Walter S. Penniman, " Dec. 11. Private Charles E. Smith, " Dec. 18. Private George W. Allen, " Dec. 13. Total 2 Officers, 21 Enlisted Men. WOUNDED IN ACTION: Co. A. First Lieut. William L. Palmer, leg, severely. Sergeant William Atkinson, arm, severely. FREDERICKSBURG. 187 Corporal Patrick Dunn, head, severely. Corporal Stephen Noyes, leg, slight. Private Edward S. Bartlett, head, severely. Private George Y. Bradley, leg, slight. Private Thomas S. Bradley, hand, slight. Private Augustus S. Chase, arm, amputated. Private James Porter, hand. Private Philip Roth, hand. Private Charles W. Merrill, foot. Total. Company A, 1 Officer, 10 Enlisted Men. Co. B. First Lieut. Elisha A. Hinks, right arm. Corporal Thomas A. Mitchell, leg. Corporal John F. Jordan, face, severely. Private Angelo Chiconi, leg. Private William Braslow, ankle, severe; wrist, slight. Private Augustus W. Bruce, both legs, severely. Private Charles E. Clements, shoulder, severely. Private George Dew, leg. Private John Q. A. Ferguson, arm. Private James G. Kent, both legs, severely. Private James A. Kent, face. Private Henry Or-r, thigh, severely. Private James Porter, ankle, severely. Private Theodore R. Perkins, leg. Private Shubell D. Rogers, arm. Total 1 Officer, 14 Men. Co. C. Sergeant Charles L. Merrill, thigh. Corporal George Danforth, arm. Private Henry E. Palmer, foot. Private Benjamin E. Whitten, thigh, severely. Private John Barry. Private Daniel Pearson." Total 6 Men. Co. D. Captain Moncena Dunn, thigh, severely. First Lieut. James G. C. Dodge, breast, severe. Sergeant Edward Z. Brailey, groin, severe. 188 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Corporal John J. Jacques, foot, slightly. Private Richmond Beatty, leg, slightly. Total 2 Officers, 3 Men. Co. E. Captain Andrew Mahoney, arm and side, severely. Corporal John Barter, shoulder, severely. Private James Stevens, thigh, severely. Private John Deering, ankle, slight. Private David F. Colburn, thigh, severe. Private Timothy Harrington, arm, severe. Private Mark Grey, ankle, slightly. Total 1 Officer, 6 Men. Co. F. Sergeant John B. Thompson, leg. Corporal Moses P. Bixby, neck. Corporal Nelson E. Knight, thigh. Private Samuel W. Day, forehead and side, severe. Private Humphrey Murphy, both legs, severe. Private James McNally, thigh. Private Richard Westacott, both legs. (Died Dec. 30.) Total 7 Men. Co. G. Sergeant Hugh J. Carr, thigh. Sergeant Charles B. Brown, head. Corporal James H. H. Phillips, arm. Private James Connelly, arm. Private John Eagan, leg. Private Randolph Caldwell, side, severe. Private Thomas Leahy, leg. Private Richard Flynn, shoulder. Total 8 Men. Co. H Sergeant Abijah F. Hitchings, leg, severe. Corporal John E. Douglas, arm, severe. Corporal Henry C. Farrington, leg, severe. Private William H. Bingham, groin. Private Henry Fitz, both legs, severe. Private Horace D. Perry, thigh. Private William J. Tirrell, leg. Total 7 "Men. FREDERICKSBURG. 189 Co. I. Private James Boyle, arm, amputated. (Died Jan. 2, 1863.) Private John W. Hunter, arm, severe. Private James Smith, hand. Private Walter C. Williston, leg, severe. Private George Lamb, finger. Private James Ford, arm. Total 6 Men. Co. K. Captain H. G. O. Weymouth, knee, severe. (Leg am putated.) First Lieut. Lysander J. Hume, foot. Corporal Daniel Barrett, side. Corporal Patrick Hardy, side. Private D. J. M. A. Jewett, wrist, Private Joseph E. Hodgkins, arm, ' Private James McCallom, leg. Private Charles McDavitt, arm, amputated. Total 2 Officers, 6 Men. MISSING. C. Corporal George A. Cheney. H. Private Alfred A. Raymond. Co. I. Martin Bradburn. Total Missing 3 Men. RECAPITULATION. CoCo Officers Enlisted men Enlisted Enlisted killed or died Officers Wounded killed or died Men Men of wounds of wounds Wounded Missing Company A .... 1 4 10 .... Company B . 1 8 14 Company C . 1 6 "l Company D . 2 2 3 .... Company E . 1 2 6 Company F . 7 Company G . 8 .... Company H 1 8 1 Company I .... 1 6 1 Company K 2 3 6 — 21 74 Killed 23 Wounded . 81 Missing 3 Total, . . .107 m O CD00 00 Hpq owQO oHP-i WHOHccOKW sp,u,JA i.iin.piooy 1 pgpnnOj^ nggq 9ABq ipjqi -ok COOOOOOOI^T-f^O-^OSOCD i-l (N i-l IN r-< CO rH CO rH oo ^ugsqy pas }Ua93JJ [BJ0J, 05^0>ONH-NINNINON01 CI 9}uS9.ii!Sy COCO nonjssaa t-»cocodi-icoi-HCOcoo i— I i— 1 tH i— 1 i— 1 CO OSo rapjp Aq paddoaa 1-ti-lT-fi-f Ci-((M^h A'jinUBSia joj pBgjBqosta ¦^NOCOtO'^O'ONOO i— 1 i— 1 i— I rH H Tp TjH p(00J spanoAi jo psip 10 uohob uj ponSH cn lo-^^cooooo^hi^co 1— I 1—1 oCO uoiijoy m Sdie8TR[ oCO P0M9J9UB.II i-t mnncccmNcoto COOS passiaigia - T-H poSjBqosicl puu poaSisaa ;N i— 1 CO tH w i— i ^h CO i-l i— l t— 1 ssoi 8}B§3j33y io.-ioocooja>i-it^o*>i-i©coi-Hi-cCM^-Hi-HOOOOWOcONCq COrHCN !>odoci uiojj i-iooi>.coco snoa J9jsnj\[ }9t 00i0c0C0r-(|>OO»O0000-^i0 OOiOOOOa5iOI>-l> 1—1 COCOCO . B cq 02 A .OcSdddddXXX^-./-. fn ft pq FREDERICKSBURG. 191 The following is an abstract of the roster of the officers of the regiment at the close of the year, 1862: 1 Major killed at Glendale. 1 Assistant Surgeon promoted Surgeon of 14th regiment. 1 Chaplain transferred to 22nd regiment. 1 Major promoted Lieutenant Colonel 41st Regt. Mass. Vol. 1 Assistant Surgeon died in hospital. 2 Captains promoted Majors. 1 Captain killed. Battle of Antietam, Sept. 17th', 1862. 7 First Lieutenants promoted Captains. 1 First Lieutenant killed battle Fair Oaks, June 30, 1862. 1 First Lieutenant died of wounds received at Fredericksburg. 13 Second Lieutenants promoted First Lieutenants. 2 Second Lieutenants killed in battle. 1 Second Lieutenant discharged by sentence of Court Martial. 1 Second Lieutenant dropped from the rolls. 22 Second Lieutenants having been taken from enlisted men. 1 First Lieutenant and 1 Second Lieutenant having been taken from civilians. 37 Commissions have been made for this regiment during the year 1862. On December 31st, 1862, there was a total of: Enlisted men present and absent, 457 Commissioned officers present and absent 35 Aggregate, 492 Recruits required, 527 The regimental return, dated Dec. 31st, 1862, shows the following: Col. E. W. Hinks, absent with leave, wounded Sept. 17. Lieut. Col. Arthur F. Devereux, in command of 3d Brig. 2nd Div. 2nd Corps. Maj. Edmund Rice, absent with leave, severely wounded Sept. 17- Adjt. William L. Palmer, absent, severely wounded Dec. 13. Co. A. Capt. Isaac H. Boyd, promoted to captain to date Nov. 21, vice Russell, discharged. Co. B. Capt. Henry A. Hale, absent, severely wounded Sept. 17. 192 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. First Lieut. Elisha A. Hinks, in command of com pany — transferred from Co. E. Second Lieut. Moses Shackley, promoted from Sergt. Co. B to be 2nd Lieut, to date Nov. 13, vice New comb, promoted. Co. C. Second Lieut. Chas. P. Abbott, on detached service 3d Brig, staff. Promoted from Sergt. Co. B to date Sept. 18, vice Mumford, promoted. Co. D. Capt. Moncena Dunn, absent, wounded Dec. 13. First Lieut. J. G. C. Dodge, absent, wounded Dec. 13. 2nd Lieut. David T. Chubbuck in command of Company. Co. E. Capt. Andrew Mahoney, ¦ absent, severely wounded Dec. 13. 1st Lieut. John P. Reynolds, Jr., absent, wounded Sept. 17, transferred from Co. B. 2nd Lieut. Ephraim A. Hall, Jr., promoted from Sergeant Major to date Oct. 14, vice Crofts, dropped from rolls. Co. F. Capt. James H. Rice, absent in Massachusetts re cruiting, wounded. First Lieut. Wm. A. Hill, in command of company. 2nd Lieut. James B. Moore, promoted from First Sergt. Co. I. to date Nov. 21, vice Driver, pro moted. On special duty commanding Co. H. Co. G. Capt. C. M. Merritt, absent, in Washington at Head quarters Mil. Dist. on duty. First Lieut. Dudley C. Mumford, in command of Company. Co. H. Capt. C. U. Devereux, absent in Massachusetts, re cruiting, wounded. First Lieut. William R. Driver, acting Adjutant, pro moted from Lieutenant to date November 21, vice Boyd, promoted. Co. I. Capt. Johnathan F. Plympton in command of regi ment. First Lieut. Samuel S. Prime, sick in Massachusetts. FREDERICKSBURG. 193 Second Lieut. John G. B. Adams, in command of coinpany. Co. K. Capt. H. G. O. Weymouth, in General Hospital, severely wounded December 13. First Lieut. Lysander J. Hume, absent, wounded De cember 13. Second Lieut. Charles H. Wellock, in command of company. Surgeon J. Franklin Dyer, surgeon in chief, Second Division, Second Corps, on special duty. Assistant Surgeon Josiah H. Willard, absent sick. Assistant Surgeon V. R. Stone, present. Chaplain Ezra D. Winslow, discharged for disability [by S. O. 395, W. D., A. G. O. Dec. 15 to date Dec. 12. (This office was not again filled.) First Lieut. Edgar M. Newcomb, died Dec. 20, 1862, at Falmouth, Va., from wounds receivedatFredericks- burg,Dec. 13, promoted from Second Lieutenant to First Lieutenant, to date Nov. 13, vice Thorndike discharged. Second Lieut. Thomas Claffey, killed in action De cember 13. The following enlisted men had been transferred to the reg ular army: Private Patrick Kelly, F, Oct. 23, 1862 to Batt. A., 4th U. S. Arty. Private Charles Sharkey, F, Oct. 23, 1862, to Batt. A, 4th U. S. Arty. Private Geo. F. Goo'dwin, F, Oct. 26, 1862, to Batt. C, 4th U. S. Arty. Private Timothy Quinn, F, Oct. 25, 1862, to Batt. C, 4th U. S. Arty. Private Geo. A. Burnham, F, Nov. 13, 1862, Batt. C, 4th U. S. Arty. Private John Moran, F, Oct. 26, 1862, to Batt. M, 3rd U. S. Arty. 194 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Private Wm. Gardner, F, Oct. 26, 1862, to Batt. M, 3rd U. S. Arty. Private Michael Riley, B, Nov. 15, 1862, to 15th U. S. Inf. Private James Welsh, E, Nov. 10, 1862, to 15th U. S. Inf. Private Jeremiah Silk, B, Oct. 25, 1862, to Batt. C, 4th U. S. Arty. Private Wm. P. Dennis, H, Oct. 22, 1862, to Batt. C, 4th U. S. Arty. Private Geo. H. A. Ball, Nov. 4, 3rd U. S. Cav. CHAPTER XXIV. THE WINTER CAMP AT FALMOUTH. The men of the army were much depressed over the result of the battle of Fredericksburg, but rest, better rations and the coming of the paymaster soon put them in a good frame of mind. Lieut. Col. Devereux returned to the command of the regi ment during January and Capt. Henry A. Hale, having re covered from his wounds, reported for duty in command of Company B, on Jan. 1. Second Lieut. Moses Shackley, of Co. B, returned from recruiting duty on Jan. 24. First Lieut. Samuel S. Prime, worn out by the fatiguing campaigns, resigned on Jan. 21 and received an honorable discharge. For the camp at Falmouth, a place was chosen a short dis tance from the village, in a crescent shaped indentation in the hills which protected it from the northerly and westerly winds and, having a southern exposure, made the camp a very com fortable winter home. There was a small space of open ground in front, which was used for a parade ground. In front of this ran a creek, which, during the heavy rains, was impassable. In consequence of this a bridge was thrown across and the men once more prepared for winter by logging up the tents. The commissary department procured iron shields for the tops of the ovens and a regimental bakery was built, Levi Woofin- dale, of Co. B, being appointed regimental baker. By this appointment the men profited greatly, being supplied with soft bread of an excellent quality and often hot from the oven. On Sundays baked beans were served and, in exchange for cash, the men could get brown bread and ginger bread. After Gen. Hooker took command the regiments were excellently provided for. Many stricken ones of earlier fields returned to the regi ment and the wasted ranks gradually became better filled. In addition to doing provost duty in the town, the regiment (195) 196 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. had to picket the river. This made the duty constant and the men were either on provost duty in the town or at picket duty at the river every other day. Sometimes it would happen that they would have two days in succession on guard. In conse quence of this extra duty, very little drilling was done until after the Chancellorsville battle. There was very little restraint imposed upon the men and they were allowed, when off duty, to wander around the country considerably, which liberty was seldom abused. In fair weather the picket duty was enjoyable. The men kept on the best of terms with their gray "friends" across the river and often conversed with them. Some trading was done among them by means of pieces of boards, cut boat shape and provided with a sail, usually a newspaper, which could be ex changed on reaching the opposite shore. In this way each side learned the news. The chief commodities exchanged were tobacco from the South and coffee from the North, although other articles were sometimes sent over. When the shad began to run, large details of the "Johnnies" came down to the river to fish for them. Large seines were used and the men, wading up to their chins in the cold water, would carry them around the fish. They had one boat in use and sometimes rowed so near the northern shore that the Union pickets could throw a stone into the boat. The rebels watched the pickets sharply at these times but were never molested farther than to be invited to "come over and give us a shad." On one day when the regiment was on picket duty at the river, and had just formed line to return to camp, Gen. Oliver O. Howard, in command of the division, rode up and made a short address in which he complimented the regiment very highly for the part it had taken in the battle of Fredericksburg, and closed by saying, ' ' Men of the Nineteenth Massachusetts, I love you. You have done nobly. God bless you. Go on and continue to do as you have done, ' ' The men applauded him as he concluded. While at Falmouth, the men received many boxes from home. Adjt. Hill received one which contained a turkey. Un fortunately the box had been on the road for a long time and the bird was so mouldy that the meat was hardly visible. The THE WINTER CAMP AT FALMOUTH. 197 adjutant's good humor was superior to disappointment, how ever, and he at once arranged with the other officers to have the bird suitably interred. The ' ' corpse ' ' lay ' ' in state ' ' during the day, and was properly "waked" until midnight, when a number of officers assembled in line. First came the largest negro in camp as drum major; then Capt. "Jack" Adams as marshal, master of ceremonies and comb-band. Behind him was 'Quartermaster Winthrop, with reversed carbine, as firing party. Directly behind him were four negroes, two large and two small, bearing between them two sticks upon which rested a cracker box, — the casket of the "deceased." Then came the mourners (officers who had anticipated eating the turkey), all so disguised that even their mothers would not have known them. With bowed head and solemn mien, the sombre column moved with measured tread to the creek. Capt. Adams, in his capacity of the band, was "combing out" the Dead March from Saul. As they reached the creek, filled to the brink by the recent rains, the column halted and the pall bearers deposited their burden upon the bank. The others formed in half circle around it, with uncovered heads and then Capt. "Jack," after a few earnest words as to the goodness and virtue of the dear departed, cast the cracker box and its contents into the flood. As the turbid waters bore it out of sight, the column re-formed, and, to the tune of Yankee Doodle on the comb, marched back to camp. From Capt. Adams' Memoirs, the following interesting incidents are obtained: "One day a light snow had fallen and the men began to snowball each other. Soon companies were engaged and the right and left wings of the regiment were pitted against each other. I was with the left wing and we were holding our own when the drum corps re-enforced the right. Up to this time "Head quarters" had been spectators, but they became excited and joined the right wing'. With such reinforcements, the battle would soon be lost to us, but I remembered that some twenty of our negro servants were in the rear of the hospital tent and I went to them and offered bounty if they would enlist. Having 198 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. loaded every one with an armful of snowballs, I charged over the hill and attacked "Headquarters" by the flank. If any one doubts the bravery of colored troops, he should have seen my "Army" that day. They rushed upon the foe, regardless of who he was. Their ammunition exhausted, they started on the charge, with heads down, and butted all before them. "Headquarters "^vanished. The right wing gave way and the left held the field. It was the first battle won by colored troops in the war and proved that they^could fight if well officered." During the month of January, 1863, Assistant Surgeon B. F. Taft was transferred to the regiment from the Twentieth Massachusetts and Assistant Surgeon Josiah N. Willard was promoted to be surgeon in the First Massachusetts Heavy Artil lery. There were numerous changes among the men, also, the return for February showing that there were 52 enlisted men discharged for disability, on account of wounds, etc. With Col. Hinks, Lieut. Col. Devereux, Maj. Rice, Adjt. Palmer and Quartermaster Briggs all absent under surgeon's certificates, the regiment for some time was under the command of Capt. Hale. Capt. Boyd was acting Major, and First Lieut. Elisha A. Hinks was Acting Quartermaster. There was always a great deal of fun going on in camp, and the fact that the senior officers were absent did not act as a curb upon the fun-loving men, by any means. ' ' GO AKS ' ' were played upon each other and sometimes even on the commanding officers at dress parade. The strains of " Doo-id-iddle, doo-id-iddle, do-id-iddle-dum" even now recall amusing episodes, — to say nothing of the ' ' Horse Sho w " of February 22, when ' ' Lady Dupar, " " Spike Tail" and "Palmer's Wood Box" were put in view. The "inauguration" of Moses Shackley when he received his Second Lieutenant's commission, the blackberry jam from the sutler's tent, the court-martial in the Sibley tent on the hill, — all are recollections stored away on the tablets of the memory and once in a while are brought up and retold. As spring approached the spirits of the men arose and with full stomachs they were once more ready'to fight, THE WINTER CAMP AT FALMOUTH. 199 The regiment did not make the "Mud March" with Burn side, but remained quiet until Spring. The famous chalk sign — "Burnside stuck in the mud" was plainly visible across the river, where it had been placed by some humorous rebel. Gen. Hooker, who had been placed. in command of the Army made himself very popular with the men. His first order to the troops had concluded. "We are here to fight and whip the enemy. We will fight him wherever and whenever we find him. Our watchword will be Fight! Fight! Fight!" He granted furloughs and saw to it that the men had plenty of potatoes and other vegetables, the want of which had been severely felt. On the warm spring days the more athletic among the men secured base balls and foot balls and had match games with those of the Seventh Michigan. One ball game was played for $60. a side. The privates who played on the winning side re ceived $10. each and the balance was spent for a supper, at which both clubs were present. Gen. Hooker ordered a thorough inspection of every regi ment and battery in the Army, being determined to ascertain its exact condition in all respects. Lieut. Col. Devereux was selected as Inspector of the second Division, second Corps. At this time (March 16, 1863) the regiment had but 407 enlisted men, present and absent. Only 217 were present for duty and even this small number included a goodly percentage of men on "Extra and Daily Duty." Capt. Mahoney, then in command of the regiment, wrote to Gov. Andrew as follows: "Of the 170 absent enlisted men, most of whom are sick or wounded, many have already been discharged, not more than thirty of them will return to duty. Experience has shown us that recruits, if placed in an old regi ment and mingled in the ranks with veterans, behave as well in the field as old soldiers and we believe that if our regiment could be filled to the maximum, in a short time it could take the field in a better condition for active service than ever before. If we go through another severe campaign with our present small number, our regimental organization will be almost extinct and if then recruited, it will be almost entirely a new regiment. We are receiving no recruits at present but it is 200 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. believed that if the regiment could return to Massachusetts, that by the exertions of its officers and men, assisted by the State authorities, it would be able in a few weeks to take the field again with six or seven hundred men, if not with full ranks. We, therefore, respectfully request 'that you ask leave of the Secretary of War to call the regiment to Massachusetts for the purpose of recruiting its thinned ranks. Respectfully submitted, Andrew Mahoney/Captain, 19th Mass. Vols. Commanding Regiment. The result of the various regimental inspections was the re-establishment of the Army until it was in better condition than ever, so that when Gen. Hooker determined upon a fresh movement, he had an army in perfect condition. On April 6 there was^a grand review before President Lincoln and Gen. Hooker, in which the Second Corps participated. The Chancellorsville campaign soon followed and in this the division to"which the regiment belonged, then commanded by Gen. Gibbon, was assigned to the assistance of Gen. Sedg wick's Sixth Corps at Fredericksburg. Maj. Rice, Adjt. Palmer, Captains Mahoney and Dunn, with Lieutenants Hume, of Co. K, and William Stone, of Co. G, had returned from leave on account of wounds and the roster showed the following changes when the regiment was ready to move again. Co. B. Capt. Henry A. Hale, on detached service, A. A. Insp. Gen. 1st. Brig. 2nd Corps. Second Lieut. Moses Shackley, in command of Com pany F. Co. C. First Lieut. J. G. C. Dodge, transferred from Co. D, Feb. 28, in command Co. C. Co. D. Capt. Moncena Dunn, returned to duty March 22nd. First Lieut. David B. Chubbuck, promoted from Second Lieut, to date Dec. 21, vice Newcomb died of wounds. On special duty in command Co. E. THE WINTER CAMP AT FALMOUTH. 201 Second Lieut. John J. Ferris, promoted from 1st Serg. Co. E, to date Jan. 22, vice Adams, promoted. On special duty in command Co. H. Co. E. Capt. Andrew Mahoney, returned to duty Feb. 27. On special duty, acting as Field Officer. Co. G. Capt. C. M. Merritt, on detached service, serving on Brig. Gen. Martindale's staff. First Lieut. Dudley C. Mumford, disabled by a sprain. Second Lieut. William Stone, returned to duty Mar. 27, in command of Co. G. Co. H. Second Lieut. Thos. F. Winthrop, promoted from Q. M. Sergt. to date Dec. 21, vice Chubbuck, promoted. On special duty, acting Quartermaster. Co. I. First Lieut. J. G. B. Adams, promoted from 2nd Lieut, to date Jan. 22, vice Prime, discharged. In command of Co. I. Second Lieut. Herman Donath, promoted from Sergt. Major, to date Dec. 13, vice Claffey, killed in action. On special duty in command Co. B. Co. K. Capt. H. G. O. Weymouth — leg amputated. First Lieut. Lysander J.Hume, returned to duty Mar. 1. Second Lieut. Chas. H. Wellock, absent. Lieut. Col. Devereux returned to duty with the regiment on April 1st, and on April 5th, First Lieut. Elisha A. Hinks was recorded as having been placed on detached service as A. D. C. to his brother, Brig. Gen. Edward W. Hinks. Capt. J. F. Plympton, of Co. I, returned to duty during the first week in April, and Asst. Surgeon William D. Knapp, appointed by Gov. Andrew, also joined the regiment. A few changes occurred in one or two of the companies about this time. Capt. Charles U. Devereux, of Co. H, was discharged on Surgeon's Certificate on account of wounds, together with Second Lieut. Charles P. Abbott, of Co. C. Capt. John C. Chadwick, of Co. C, and Second Lieut. James B. Moore, of Co. F were discharged for promotion to UUman's brigade. Second Lieut. John J. Ferris, of Co. D, was placed in command of Co. H. CHAPTER XXV. CHANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN. VOLUNTEERS AGAIN CROSS THE RIVER. CAPTURE OF MARYE'S HEIGHTS. When Burnside had fully determined upon the plans for the Chancellorsville Campaign, the Eleventh and Sixth Corps were crossed below the city and the rest of the Army at Bank's and United States fords,— the Nineteenth regiment remaining in camp with its brigade. The force below the city could be seen from the hills back of the camp, as it moved across the plain and engaged the enemy. On April 30, the Eleventh corps was withdrawn and marched to the upper ford. On the same day the Nineteenth regiment packed up, struck tents and bivouacked, and prepared to march. There was a delay of two days, however, and in the small hours of Sunday morning, May 3, the men marched to the Lacy House, halting very near the same spot as on the morning of the memo rable 11th of December, 1862. Lieut. Col. Devereux called for 20 volunteers who, after being joined by a like number from the 20th Massachusetts Tegiment, were to cross the river in boats. The required num ber at once stepped forward and Lieut. Ferris volunteered to command them. The squad moved away in the darkness, toward the river. When near the high bank overlooking the river road, they halted near two pontoon boats. Each man felt then that the expedition was to be a repetition of the 11th of December on a smaller scale. Lieut. Ferris explained that each party would fill one of the pontoons and, together, charge across the river and engage the enemy. He said it would be a "very hot job" and that the most of the squad would be killed. As for himself, he said that he expected to be killed, and his closing words were: "If there's any man here who's afraid to go to hell within the next few hours he wants to go back to the regiment. (202) CHANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN. 203 Now is your chance to go back. I don't want a man to go back on me after we get started." No one faltered and the little squad at once moved down the bank into the road, followed by the pontoon boats, and marched quietly up by the side of the stream until opposite a mill which stood just outside the city, where a detail from the Twentieth Massachusetts, commanded by First Lieut. McKay, was met. Lieut. McKay, being the ranking, officer (Lieut. Ferris being a Second Lieutenant) took command of the detachment. The boats were taken from their carriages, pushed into the stream and manned. The orders were to wait until the guns of Gen. Sedgwick's skirmishers were heard, as they advanced at daylight into the lower part of the city, then immediately to cross and engage such of the enemy as were found picketing the river near the mill above the city, thus making a small diversion in Sedgwick's favor. The small detachment waited there, anxious for and yet dreading the approach of day. At daylight the guns of Sedg wick's skirmishers were heard as they advanced. The oarsmen were ready and the boats pulled out into the stream. The firing had increased and was now heard well into the city, showing that the men of the Sixth corps were gaining ground. Down opposite the Lacy House the men of Sedgwick's corps were occasionally seen as they moved in and out among the buildings in their work of driving out the enemy. On reaching the middle of the river, the boats were headed down stream and just as the sun cast his first rays over the waters, the men landed on the Fredericksburg shore, at the same place where the Nineteenth Massachusetts and the Seventh Michigan landed on Dec. 11, 1862, without firing a shot or hearing a bullet whistle. Here they rested until the bridge was laid and the regiment crossed. Lieut. Col. Devereux considered the act of volunteering as commendable as though the work had been done as intended and marked each man* for promotion. * Some of the men who volunteered to cross with Lieut. Ferris were : Benj. Lummus, Co. H. George E. Teele, Co. I. "Paddy" McGivern, Co. E. John H. Costello, Co. I. Ed. Mahoney, Co. E. George Stevens, Co. I. John Robinson, Co. I. Richard R. Foster, Co. C. Joseph DeCastro. Co. I. Ernest A. Nichols, Co. C. 204 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. The regiment crossed upon the bridge as soon as it was laid, preceded by a storming party of 100 volunteers from the First Brigade, and joined Sedgwick's main force near the depot, where they made a halt. The work of clearing the city having been done by Sedgwick's main force, the division then moved out to the right of the city, the Nineteenth leading, and formed in line of battle along a road. The purpose was to turn the left of the enemy's position on Marye's Heights. Being under artillery fire from the enemy's works on the hill in front, the men of the Nineteenth were ordered to lie down in a hollow by the roadside, behind a fence ridge. Skirmishers, commanded by MajoT Rice, were sent forward and found that the enemy had destroyed the bridge, thus making the canal im passable. It was necessary to rebuild the bridge to make an assault. During the delay caused by the rebuilding of the bridge across the canal, Gen. Sedgwick came up with the Sixth Corps. He became impatient at the delay on the right, notwithstanding it was unavoidable, and decided to assault directly in front of the enemy's centre. He pushed forward a storming party with Col. Burnham's command of the Sixth Maine in the lead. In the column could be seen the white flags of the three Massachusetts regiments. As they came up Hanover Street, over the ground on which the Nineteenth Massachusetts had been so badly cut up on the memorable 13th of December, the rebel batteries opened fire full upon them. The assaulting column moved forward in gallant style with out firing. Blue smoke burst from the enemy's rifle pits at the base of the hill, behind the famous stone wall. It curled upward over the grassy slope, mingling its color with the deep green, mak ing the hill look as though covered "with a beautiful carpet, while the deadly hail made ^sad havoc in /the ranks of the ad vancing boys in blue. Notwithstanding the bullets, they moved steadily forward until, when near the first rifle pit, a rush was made and the line was carried. The "Johnnies" jumpea out and rushed up the hill to their main works, followed so closely by the exultant "Yanks" that they had no time to turn at the top, CHANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN. 205 but scurried off across the plain. The occupants of the works at the top immediately left them and hastened to the rear. The men of the Second Corps arose and cheered the victors and then were set in motion and in a quick march moved through the city, out by Hanover street and halted in colunm by division en masse on the grassy plain in the rear of the Confederate forti fications, in front of which they had lain for some time. Early's Division and Barksdale's Mississippi Brigade, who had occupied the position with artillery, fell back and the dreaded Marye's Heights were at last taken. Among the guns captured was a portion of the Washington artillery and two or three of the guns which the rebels had "borrowed" from the Union forces at the first Bull Run. After the Heights were carried, Gen. Sedgwick with his main force started on toward Salem Church, driving the enemy before him. Two brigades of Gen. Gibbon's division were left behind to hold the town, protect the railway and bridges and the depot of supplies at Aquia Creek. Hall's brigade was left on the south side of the river to act as provost guard for the city of Fredericksburg. This work was given to them in recognition of the fact they had twice crossed the river in the direct front of the enemy at the head of the Union forces. At nightfall, the regiment was sent to the right again to about the same place it had occupied in the morning. As every thing was supposed to be safe, and the enemy was being driven before Sedgwick's forces, only the ordinary precautions were taken to picket the line about the city. The rest of the brigade had reason to expect a good night's rest. As the men marched through the streets they were verbally assailed by some of the women. The officers and men bivouacked in the street. After a day of strenuous activity, all looked forward with pleasure to a night of rest and quiet. At an earlypiour of the next day there were indications of movements^ of the enemy and, later, artillery firing in the direc tion of Gen. Sedgwick's position roused the troops to activity. Before eight o'clock the enemy's troops appeared in the works 206 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. on the Heights and the regiment, with another, was placed in position at the crossings of the canal to meet the enemy's evident intention of attempting to enter the city. The attempt was made, but not with great persistence, was easily repelled and was not seriously renewed. The works on the Heights were occupied by a force sufficient to require constant watchfulness by the Union troops and a frequent exchange of musket shots caused them to be kept in readiness to meet any movement -of the enemy. In the performance of this duty, several houses were occu pied by the regiment and prepared for defence in the event of an attack in force. From some of these houses there was a fine view of the field of action of the previous day, which was as well that of the great battle of December previous in which the regiment bore its part with heavy loss. The regiments in the centre of the brigade line succeeded in holding the two bridge heads on the Fredericksburg side of the canal, the right wing resting in a small grave yard. During the night there was no activity displayed on either side. During the following day there was some skirmishing as the enemy appeared, filing into the works on the hills from the east and working their way 'along the front, but late in the after noon everything appeared quiet and the efforts of the enemy were either never intended to be serious assaults or they were satisfied of their uselessness. The regiment was sent down one of the streets up which Sedgwick's forces had previously charged, and ordered to take possession of certain houses, make loopholes in them and on no account allow the enemy to carry the road and drive them out. The houses were little forts in themselves, and, without artillery, there was .little or no danger to those within. The works of the enemy could plainly be seen, swarming with gray coats. Although some distance from the enemy, the men could hear them and the orders came thick and fast. The Forty- Second New York regiment held a line of rifle pits a little to the left of the position of the Nineteenth, while in its direct front there were no troops and a good road to advance upon. Slowly the time passed and the men were anxiouslyexpecting CHANCELLORSYILLE CAMPAIGN. 207 an attack. Suddenly a line of skirmishers jumped from the rebel rifle pits in front of the Tammany regiment. The rebel commander was heard to say: "Don't molest anything when you get into the city. ' ' They advanced a little, halted, dressed their line, faced to the front again and immediately received a volley from the men of the Forty-Second. They dashed back into their pits, leaving one or two of their number stretched on the sod. They had not expected to meet opposition until they had crossed the canal. Another attack was momentarily ex pected, but the minutes became hours and no sign was made. Finally, the sound of heavy firing was heard far away on the right and very soon movements among the rebels indicated that something was going to happen. The men clutched their muskets, but soon they found that the enemy were retiring from their works and going out to engage Sedgwick at Salem Church. The roar of the artillery could easily be heard and the shells were plainly visible as they burst in the air. Even the volleys of musketry were heard and it was evident that Sedgwick was being roughly handled. During the afternoon the anxiety of the men was intense, although those in the city were safe. Just at dusk the cheers in the rebel works intimated that they had won a partial victory. In the early part of the night it was determined to withdraw the force in Fredericksburg to the north side of the river. The Nineteenth was on the right of the line and became the rear guard. Rifle pits were dug at intervals across the street leading directly to the pontoon bridge to enable the men to resist a sudden onslaught during the night or when it came time for them to move, the hour being set for earliest dawn. The tired men of the regiment slept soundly, only the commander and the neces sary guard being awake. About three o'clock in the morning a heavy fog settled over the valley and when the time arrived, the left wing of the regiment, furthest from the river, was ordered to move noiselessly to the river bank and hold the head of the poon- toon bridge, awaiting there the rest of the regiment This ac complished, the right wing was as silently withdrawn, the men through the fog, looking like ghosts on a ghastly parade as they stealthily marched along. 208 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. They all f elt.that the enemy knew they were evacuating and would be on the alert to push the rear guard but were delayed by the fog. It was also felt that hidden watchers were only awaiting an opportunity to communicate with the enemy, and this fear proved well founded for soon a rebel yell was heard and conceal ment was no longer of avail. Some women tried to get out to the enemy, but were caught and held until there was no longer any danger. Then came the rush of pursuing feet, through the fog. The right wing was hurried down to the river on the double-quick to join their comrades, and with one company lying in the rifle pits across the street, they waited events. The enemy knew exactly the route the regiment would be compelled to take and came on pell mell. Just as they turned the corner they were greeted with a volley which threw them into confusion and turned them back. The men of the regiment made a rush for the river, gained the pontoon bridge, and Major Rice, with Lieut. Donath and half a dozen men with axes severed the shore lines which held the bridge on the south side, then leaped into the boats and poled across. The bridge slowly drifted down with the current to the north shore and the enemy did not dare follow, as the north side frowned with batteries. Chancellorsville, so far as the Nine teenth Massachusetts was concerned, was over. Casualties May 3-4, 1863. r WOUNDED Co. A. Sergeant Henry O. Beal Corporal Marcus Kimball Private Charles W. Merrill Co. B. Private Martin Barry Private John J. Wells Co. F. Private Asa W. Greene Private John Towle Co. G. Private Jackson Dawson Co. H. Corporal George P. Thomas CHAPTER XXVI. A PERIOD OE REST IN CAMP AT FALMOUTH. After waiting at the Lacy House for d short time, the regi ment was ordered to return to its old camp at Falmouth. While here a large number of British army officers from Canada were, by international courtesy, permitted to visit the army of the Potomac,reven at the very front. They were entertained by the Commander-in-chief and then by the various corps commanders. They visited Gen. Hancock, and early one morning Lieut. Col. Devereux received a note from Gen. Hancock asking him if he would parade his regiment at 2 o'clock in the afternoon and put it through the manual peculiar to it. He replied that his ' ' boys ' ' would be ready at the appointed time. He said nothing to the officers or men of the fact that they were to give an exhibi tion drill at 2 o'clock, preferring to take them by surprise. The headquarters of Gen. Hancock were some distance away, on a rising ground from which he could overlook all the camps in his command. At the appointed hour, the general and his staff were seen to mount their horses and with them were the red- coated English officers. Lieut. Col. Devereux made no move except to send for the bugler. The gay cavalcade started from headquarters at a rapid gait, but when they neared the camp of the regiment they slowed down. Suddenly the first note of "The Assembly" rang out from the bugle. The men, who were playing all sorts of pranks stopped on the instant and rushed to their quarters to put on their equipments and get into line. Up to this time Lieut. Col. Devereux had not even ordered his orderly to saddle his little mare, but by the time Hancock and his companions had crossed the line of the camp the regiment was in perfect line, ready to salute them. (2Q9) 210 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. After the intricate and interesting drill of the regiment was concluded, Gen. Hancock said to the Lieutenant Colonel: "I sent you that request because I had told those Britishers that I had a regiment in my command that they could not touch in all their armies all over the world. When I was riding down quickly and within a few hundred yards of your regiment and there was no sign of any movement, my heart was in my mouth and I was afraid that you had mistaken the hour. But when I heard the first note of the "Assembly" from the bugle and saw your men, — a mere mob as you might call them, on the parade ground — and saw them start for the quarters to take equip ments out, I understood and rejoiced. It was a magnificent spectacle of absolute obedience and it enabled me all the more to point out to these Britishers the proof that they had no regiment in their service like that, let alone your splendid drill when we reached your camp, and I made them acknowledge it." Lieut. Col. Devereux was away on ten day's leave of absence soon after this, leaving Maj. Rice in command of the regiment. Capt. Moncena Dunn was on detached service as A. A. Q. M. and A. A. C. S. in the artillery brigade of the Second Corps. Second Lieut. William Stone was in command of Co. B, and Second Lieut. Herman Donath, of Co. I, was at the head of Co. H. Asst. Surg. V. R. Stone had been discharged on May 11 for disability. At this time there were about 230 enlisted men present with the regiment and only 16 commissioned officers. Seven officers were absent on detached service, five were absent sick and wounded and two on leave. There were 48 enlisted men absent 'on detached service, with 99 sick, out of an aggregate of 410 officers and men. This placed the regiment in such a condi tion that 604 recruits were required to fill its quota. About the first of June the camp was moved to high ground back of the town and overlooking the river and quite a stretch of country beyond. It was pleasantly situated and as there, was no more provost or picket duty to perform, the time was given over to drills. Sergeants Merrill and Stone, of ' Co. C, returned from general hospitals, having recovered from wounds, and were A PERIOD OF REST IN CAMP AT FALMOUTH. 211 commissioned lieutenants, subsequently being transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps. Capt. Dodge was transferred to Co. D, and Lieut. Wm. L. Palmer, having returned from the hospital, was promoted to Captain and assigned to Co. C. The balloon which had been stationed near the old camp was moved up stream and the signal corps officers used it for the purpose of looking into the rebel camps, a proceeding to which the latter objected by sending over a few shells which burst near but didnot hit it. They scared the observers so much, however, that they withdrew further from the river. The camps were visited every few days by an aged negro who came creeping down the dusty road from the country up the river. He was a character, jovial and witty, dressed in many colored rags and with his head covered by an ancient stove-pipe hat. He leaned his tottering frame on a cane and carried a large basket of pies and other eatables on his arm. As he neared the camp he would call out "Here's your pies and cakes and apples. Pay me today and I'll trust you to-morrow." He had no trouble in disposing of his load and would' trudge off homeward, contented and happy. The pies and cakes were much better than were usually found in the South. About this time Gen. Hooker introduced the badge of designation into the army. The flag of the Second Corps was a trefoil or clover leaf. Red or scarlet designated the first division," white the second and blue the third. The division flags were rectangular, the color of the first being white with red trefoil; second, blue with white trefoil; third, white with blue trefoil. Brigade flags were triangular. In the division to which the Nineteenth Massachusetts was assigned (second) the flags were blue with white trefoil in the centre. The first brigade had a red stripe or border on one side; second, red on two sides; third, red all around. These flags made it much easier for men to hunt up their regiments. The Second Corps headquarters flag was rectangular, color blue, with a large clover leaf in the centre. The rebels called it "The Ace of Clubs" from the shape of the badges. For several weeks .after Chancellorsville, both armies lay quiet, watching each other. Hooker finally received informa- 212 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. tion of the massing of the Confederate cavalry between Kelley's Ford and Brandy Station and it proved to be one of the most important of the operations connected with the Gettysburg campaign. Lee had begun to move for the purpose of invading the Northern lines a second time- and compelling Hooker to leave the Southern lines and recross the Potomac. Stewart and his cavalry was massed for the purpose of protecting Lee's right on his march up the valley, to furnish information, to harass the Union army and to frighten Washington. Pleasanton, with all the Union cavalry, was sent to attack Stewart. They met and one of the grandest cavalry fights known to history occurred, the consequences of which were all important. Final victory crowned the Union army, though equally claimed by the Confederates. Stewart, however, was compelled to leave the field in haste, hotlypursued by Pleasanton, thus bringing about the condition that both armies were without cavalry and consequently without the information of each other's position until they ran across each other by accident at Gettys burg. CHAPTER XXVII. THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. On June 14, 1863, Hooker put his army on the march toward Gettysburg. Hancock's Second Corps was the rear guard all the way to Edward's Ferry. The Nineteenth Massa chusetts regiment bivouacked on the night of June 14, under orders to start the following morning in very light marching order, and did so in company with two pieces of Battery " A, " First Rhode Island Artillery, to form the extreme rear guard of the Army, Companies F and K being detailed under command of Major Rice to march half a mile in rear of the column. They marched, on the first day, until nearly sunset, over dusty roads and frequently through burning woods. Passing Stafford Court House, they camped on Aquia Creek where the men bathed in the coffee colored water, thence on the 17th, passing Dumfries and halting for the night at Wolf Run Shoals, on the Occoquan river; on the 18th to Fairfax Station; on the 19th to Centreville; on the 20th to Haymarket, and on the 21st to Thoroughfare Gap, where the regiment remained for three days, in position to repel any advance through the gap. Frequent halts had been made during the first part of the march to allow the pioneers time to obstruct the road by felling trees across it and destroying bridges. This was done to retard the enemy's pursuit and make it difficult for him to move forward his artillery. A short distance from the road, on the left, a line of flankers filed along through the brush and woods, over hills and through valleys, while in the distance a cavalryman was occasionally seen in a similar duty, both watching to prevent surprise. The first day was extremely hot and it was particularly trying on account of the fact that the men had just left winter quarters. The ambulances were rapidly filled and stragglers (213) 214 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. were with difficulty kept from lagging too far behind and expos ing themselves to certain capture. At Wolf Run Shoals the regiment bivouacked in line of battle, facing the shoals, and again the men enjoyed a bath in the river. Some rail fences were found about the camp at this point and fires were soon lighting up the darkness. On some of the burning rails were rows of coffee cups, the owners of which were sitting around toasting hard tack and roasting salt pork on the ends of ramrods, bayonets or sticks, some using their plates in which to fry it, holding them over the fire by means of a stick. This was split at one end and into it the rim of a plate was inserted and fastened by winding a string around the stick to give it a good grip oh the plate. Sometimes an accident would happen, caused by the sap drying out of the stick, or the string burning off. This would be followed by an angry exclamation and a soldier with a very red face, with his cap pushed back on his head, might be seen making frantic prods with a stick at an overturned plate in his endeavor to get it out of the fire, and save some of his pork which was rapidly being cremated. Many times when a dozen or more coffee cups were resting on a rail over a nice fire, by accident ( ?) some one would kick over the rail, overturning the cups into it, to the dismay of the hungry owners. At Centreville, Va., one of the bivouacks on this march, trouble with some other Union troops was narrowly averted, although the men of the Nineteenth were not much concerned in it. An enlisted man had gone to a sutler's team to buy some thing and was either badly treated or thought he was swindled. At all events, he complained to his comrades, and they, being veterans, and not particularly friendly to the sutlers, joined him jn a raid on the tent. In a minute there would have been a crowd about the tent and in another minute there would have been no tent to crowd about, but, anticipating trouble, the sutler sent for help to the general commanding the brigade. That general, instead of sending a request to the corps commander not to allow the men to leave their arms, ordered out a battery and some infantry to protect the threatened point. The men of the Nineteenth were called to Attention and the roll was looked over. THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 215 Either the Nineteenth's members had not been engaged in the affair, or if they were, they returned in good season, as the Assembly was sounded from division headquarters. The crowd, however, advanced in spite of the cannon but fortunately these were not fired and before the men arrived at the tent they were induced by their officers to give up their plan and return to their camp. The corps to which these men belonged left during the night and there was no further trouble. While on duty at the Gap, Col. Devereux was kept in the position of General Officer of the Day, and as Col. Charles Morgan, Hancock's chief of staff, was- an old schoolmate, the two were much together. While on a scouting trip to the top of the Blue Ridge, the two officers, through glasses, witnessed the fight at Aldie Gap, where Stewart was put to flight by Pleasanton. While the corps were halted at Thoroughfare Gap, it was necessary to have a picket line all around it, different regiments being selected each day. The corps was continually harassed, particularly at night, by Mosby's guerillas. Because some man on picket would get startled and imagine he saw the enemy, he would fire his gun and the whole corps would be under arms in a moment, thus depriving all the men of their sleep. On one day Gen. Hancock asked his chief of staff the number of the regiment which was to be on picket duty that night. The " Nineteenth Massachusetts," was the reply. "Thank God," said Hancock, "we'll have a good rest tonight. There's no fool business about that regiment." Stuart's cavalry came through the Gap on the 24th and out flanked Hancock, and on the 25th he started back toward Hay- market, but when Stuart interposed his cavalry the corps kept to the left to avoid an encounter which would use up time and be of no benefit. When near Haymarket, Stuart opened on the brigade with his artillery from a hill at the right, wounding a few men and causing a halt until a battery was placed in posi tion which, opening fire on his line, soon caused him to draw off and the march was continued without molestation and in a drizzling rain which steadily increased until it fell in torrents. The regiment encamped for the night at Gum Springs. Here the brigade of four New York regiments commanded by Gen. 216 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Alexander Hays joined the corps. Gen. Hays assumed com mand of the Third Brigade. The last part of this day's march of 26 miles was extremely hard. The mud was ankle deep and the men were completely drenched and exhausted. The Springs were reached at nine o'clock and because everything was so wet it was found to be almost impossible to make fires. The men, therefore, were obliged to content themselves with an unusually light supper and lay down upon the wet ground, under wet blankets. There was little sleep for them that night, — it was too wet and chilly. During the night the rain ceased and the morning of the 26th was fair. The march was then resumed toward Maryland, and at two o'clock in the afternoon the regiment reached Edward's Ferry, in sight of Ball's Bluff where the regiment had received its baptism of blood. Something was not ready and the men rested wearily on the bank until after nightfall, while Adams, Thompson, Donath and Ferris, Rice, Palmer and "Charlie" Rowe lent voice and wit in speech and song to while away the leaden hours. No one who was there will forget "The Kentucky Lawyer" as they heard it that night from the lips of Rowe, with the various edi tions of his own teeming brain. In the darkness, the regiment crossed the Potomac on pon toon bridges and went into camp. To the surprise of every one, the command found itself on the very piece of ground on which its tents had been pitched at Camp Benton when it first went into the service in 1861. What memories it brought to all, and above all the recollection of many a face present when they first were there, but now gone — a sacrifice to the cause. The old camping ground was now a fine wheat field, nearly all traces of its former occupancy having been removed. As the regiment passed the house of Mr. Williams who had lived near the old camp and on whose ground it was, he was seen leaning over the fence. Many called him by name and he expressed his astonishment at meeting the Nineteenth Massa chusetts again, and shook hands with as many as the time and the constant march would permit. THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 217 At night the tired men of the regiment were gratified lo learn that the following General Order had been issued: Headquarters Second Division, Second Corps, Edward's Ferry, June 26, 1863. General Order No. 105. The Fifteenth and Nineteenth Massachusetts Volunteers, for marching today in the best and most compact order, and with the least straggling from their ranks, are excused from all picket duty and outside details for four days. By command of Brig. Gen. Gibbon. Such orders as these, showing in a practical way the appre ciation of the superior officers, did much toward making the hardships of active campaigning endurable for the men, and were bright spots in the dark days when there seemed to be nothing to be done but march, fight and stay hungry. On the 27th the regiment moved to near Barnesville and on the following day to Monocacy Junction, near Frederick City, being the last of the army to reach this point, all the other corps having already assembled there. Here it was learned that Gen. Hooker had been superseded in command by Gen. Meade and on the next day the army was again on the march, each corps on a different route and all in search of Lee. Before daylight on the morning of June 29th, Reveille was -sounded and when the sun arose breakfast had been prepared and eaten and his rays shone on the regiments in line, ready for a march. The men threw their muskets over their shoulders like men starting out to hunt, regardless of the manual of arms; others were at the right or left shoulder shift, while occasionally a man would carry his musket with the hammer resting on his shoulder. Another who had been slow at preparing came stumbling along, trying to fasten his roundabout with his musket under his arm and the barrel punching his file leader in the back. So the day's work began. 218 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. The line moved down the hill in spasmodic hitches until the proper place in the column was found and then the men swung along at an easy, regular pace which soon took the sore ness out of their limbs. In a short time the whole corps was in line, moving over the road in a seemingly endless tramp, the Nineteenth, with its 220 members, leading the corps column. Soon after starting, a creek was forded, a circumstance which ruffled tempers a little, coming as it did so early in the day for all knew by experience that the feet would suffer after ward from the sand which always sifted into the shoes while fording a stream which was kept stirred up. The sun was now well up and the air was intensely hot, causing the prespiration to run out and, running down the face, drip from the nose and chin. The salty liquid got into the eyes, causing them to burn and smart and it ran from under the cap, through the dust and down the sides of the face which was soon covered with muddy streaks, the result of repeated wipings upon the sleeves of the blouse. People living along the road came out to view the Union Army, which most of them were glad to see, and which they warmly welcomed with food and water. These were eagerly accepted by the men. Noon came and still there was no end to the regular tramp of many feet. The noon day meal was forgotten by the eager watchers, who were anxious to see all. Never was a parade, however fancifully or brilliantly arrayed, viewed with greater interest than this dust covered column of veterans in blue as they marched past these Union homes . "Let us stop a while in the cool shade of this tree, and review our comrades, ' ' says Russell Foster, in his letters. "The sun is intensely hot, and the clothing becomes wet with prespiration. Occasionally a brook is crossed. A few of the men make a dash for it, unbuckling their dippers as they scramble down the bank; some take time to fill their canteens and rest a moment, trusting to their ability to catch up at the next halting place; others dash their cups into the brook, fill them at one scoop — and also rile the water, making the others use profanity — and run to their places in the line, with the water slopping over their clothes as they drink and run, giving what, THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 219 if any, may be left to a comrade who drinks as he moves along, getting about as much down the neck of his shirt as in his mouth; some wet their handkerchiefs and put them under their caps to cool their heads. "Most of the regiments are dressed in the regulation fatigue uniform, but once in a while a regiment passes which shows a faded remnant of the picturesque Zouave uniform. Here comes a man slightly round shouldered. He moves along with his gaze fixed on the ground; his cap is turned around with the visor covering one ear and half of one eye, over which straggles a lock of tangled hair. His blouse which is hitched up in a roll behind above the belt, is open in front, as is also his woolen shirt, exposing his sunburnt chest; his cartridge box is around on his hip, the belt loose, while his haversack and canteen are dangling in front of him; the bottoms of his trousers are under his heels because he wears no suspenders, and a generous quid of tobacco puffs out one cheek. His walk indicates that he is an old salt. "Look at that short fellow, somewhat stout, with a big knapsack, — the only one in the company. He is evidently one of the greedy ones and dislikes to see things going to waste, for he still carries his woolen and rubber blankets, shelter tent and overcoat. What else there may be inside the knapsack, we won't attempt to guess; no doubt there is enough. To his knap sack he has attached a frying pan and an extra coffee pot, while straps secure a plate to the back, black and grimy from much use. He is well clothed and his gun and equipments show evidences of good care; his beard is full and scraggy and from it great beads of sweat are dropping. He is evidently one of Kaizer William's old campaigners. His comrades call him The Galvanized Dutchman. "Now comes one of a decidedly different type. He is tall and slim; carries his head up, has no need of a regulation leather choker; his eyes roll around, taking in everything as he passes along — if he shall go over this road five years hence, he will remember every house and hill — his cap is pushed back upon his forehead with the visor turned up, giving him a reckless; don't-care sort of look; he carries a rubber blanket over his 220 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. shoulder, but no other article of cover or any extra clothing; his blouse is held together by one button at the throat and one at the roundabout which is drawn closely with the cartridge box where it belongs; a big red cotton handkerchief hangs in front, fastened together by two corners at the back of his neck and this he uses to wipe off the sweat, — and, incidentally, to rub the dust in. His face is free from beard and he moves along with a light and cheerful all-day tread. He will not fall out, however hard the march. He will get there. "Here comes a young man looking to be not more than eighteen years of age. He is dressed in the uniform of a private' He carries a sword, and on his shoulders are the straps of a lieutenant. Some of the men have utilized their muskets for clothes lines on which to dry their handkerchiefs. Others are tramping along with a pair of stockings hung across the barrell to dry, having been wet while crossing the stream. "Afternoon wanes, and still the endless stream flows on. Do they never rest ? Since sunrise there has been a continuous line passing without a moment's hesitation." Men were getting weary and longed for rest, but still they were kept on the move. " Will they never stop ? " "Are they goin' to march us all day," and other questions were growled out. Finally, as the regiment emerged from a wood, an orchard was seen in the distance in which a brigade was resting. As they filed into the enclosure, the regiment nearest the road filed out and the Nineteenth took its place. The command "Halt" was given and the men dropped on the ground at once and stretched out for a rest. The regiment following the Nineteenth took the place of another which filed out, following the first, and so it went on, one regiment taking the place of another as each got a rest. When the last regiment of the brigade preceding that of which the Nineteenth was a part, filed out of the field the men rose slowly and reluctantly to their feet at the command and moved on. The duration of the rest had been the length of time taken for a brigade to file out of the field, — perhaps ten or fifteen minutes. In this way rests were taken without stopping the THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 221 movement of troops over the road. The men became fretful and scolded good-naturedly as they kicked up the dust along the sultry road. "What do they think we are made of?" growled one. Another cried "Where is old Hancock agoin' to, anyway? Does he think we can march all day without eating or resting? If he does he's mistaken." The effect of the heat and the forced marching was evident as one saw hundreds who had fallen out. As the regiment approached the town of Liberty, Gen. Gibbon asked if the "Glee Club" would sing as the column marched through the town. "Billy" MeGinnis was orderly sergeant of the right flank company. Turning to him, Col. Devereux said ' ' Drop out of the line and get your glee club up to the front." He did so and they were then told to strike up a tune. They at once sang, as if spontaneously : ' ' March along, we are marching along, ' ' etc. The effect was magical. The division fell into step and the chorus could be heard ringing along the entire line. As the head of the column reached the top of the hill over looking the town of Liberty it was met by a number of citizens. The fields on the northerly side of the hills were filled with troops,— the brigades which had preceded the Third on the road. As it was four o'clock in the afternoon, it was believed that this meant a bivouac for the night, but regiment after regi ment filed out ahead and it was seen that the rest was to be only a little longer than the previous one. It lasted while a division was marching out of the field. Soon the Nineteenth's turn came and once more the men shook the kinks out of their aching legs and took up the march over the dusty road, through the little village of Liberty. Some of the inhabitants came out and gave the passing soldiers food and water. " The sun sank below the horizon, evening breezes took the place of his hot breath, bushes by the wayside grew shadowy and finally faded into dark, irregular masses, taking on fantastic and wierd forms as the night settled over the land. The stars came out one by one in a moonless sky, but still there was the incessant tramp, tramp, tramp as the line moved forward with- 222 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. out a halt. The Second Corps, as the result of this forced march was nicknamed '.'Hancock's Night- Walkers." In silence and with aching bones, they struggled along until nine o'clock that evening when they halted in the streets of Union- town, 32 miles from Monocacy Junction from whence they had started in the morning. The men dropped where they halted and instantly were asleep. None of the companies had full ranks and stragglers from all of them came gradually in during the night. The regimental return made out at Uniontown reads as follows": Col. Devereux, promoted from Lieutenant Colonel, vice Hinks, promoted, to date Nov. 29, 1862. Lieut. Col. Ansel D. Wass, appointed and commissioned by Gov. Andrew May 23, 1863. First Lieut. William A. Hill, appointed adjutant, vice Pal mer, promoted, to date April 15, 1863. Co. A., First TLieut. Warner A. Tilton, promoted from Second Lieutenant, vice Reynolds, promoted, to date Feb. 27, but refused muster on account of sickness. Second Lieut. Sherman S. Robinson, promoted from Ser geant Co. A., vice Donath, promoted, to date April 4. Co. C, Capt. William L. Palmer, promoted from Adjutant, vice Devereux, discharged, to date April 15. First Lieut. Herman Donath, promoted from Second Lieu tenant, vice Dodge, promoted, to date April 4. Co. D., Second Lieut. William E. Barrows, promoted from Hospital Steward, vice Stone, promoted, to date March 25, 1863. On detached service, Third Brigade, A. A. D. C. Co. E., Capt. John P. Reynolds, Jr., absent sick on Sur geon's Certificate for wounds, promoted from First Lieutenant, vice Chadwick, discharged, to date Feb. 26. Co. F., First Lieut. William H. Stone, promoted from Second Lieutenant, vice Bishop, dismissed, to date March 25. Second Lieut. John J. Ferris, transferred from Co. D. Co. G., Second Lieut. John B. Thompson, promoted from Sergeant, Co. F, vice Moore, discharged, to date March 27. THE GETTSYBURG CAMPAIGN. 223 Co. H. Capt. J. G. C. Dodge, promoted from First Lieu tenant, vice Weymouth, discharged, to date April 4, 1863. Second Lieut. Charles S. Palmer, promoted from First Ser. geant, Co. I, vice Wellock, dismissed, to date March 18. Co. I., Second Lieut. William F. Rice, promoted from Ser geant Co. E., vice Tilton, promoted, to date Feb. 26. Co. K., Capt. Andrew Mahoney, transferred from Co. E. First Lieut. L. S. Hume absent in general hospital sick since June 13. Second Lieut. Charles L. Merrill, promoted from Sergeant Co. C, vice Abbott, discharged, to date April 18. Capt. H. G. O. Weymouth, discharged April 4, 1863, S. O. 156, W. D., A. G. O. on account of loss of his leg. The corps was encamped around the town and soon Gen. Hancock issued orders that the Nineteenth regiment should take possession of the place, maintain a provost guard, preserve order, and see that all the outlets were guarded. The Colonel was waited on by a committee of ladies who insisted on cooking something for the men, and, after a little argument, this was agreed to upon condition that the officers should pay something for their trouble. The night passed quietly and peacably. Orders were re ceived by the corps, however, to start at four o'clock in the morn ing, July 1st, without rations, on a march of 36 miles along the Tarrytown road. During the morning was heard the low mur mur of distant cannonading, and, as the line advanced, the sound grew until it deepened into the thunders of Gettysburg's first day. The regiment frequently1 met scattered portions of the Eleventh Corps returning, — "winded" — from the field, and, as usual, in such an event, there was much badinage between the men as they passed. "What's all that noise about?" "I wonder if anyone is getting hurt up there?" ' ' What 's the matter ? Frightened ? ' ' "Is it only a mile?" 224 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. These and many other expressions were used to jolly the comrades as they went by, — tired, sore and hungry. As the regiment had moved out of Uniontown in the morning, Co. C, was left to capture, if possible, some of the enemy, who were said to be in hiding. The search was unsuccessful and the company rejoined the regiment at Tarrytown. CHAPTER XXVIII. ARRIVAL AT GETTYSBURG. JULY 1-2. _ At nine o'clock in the morning of July 1, the regiment bivouacked in the woods near Cemetery Ridge, on the ground of the famous battlefield of Gettysburg. The desperate fights at Seminary Ridge and Willoughby Run, between Gen. Rey nold's, with the First Corps, and Gen. Ewell, had already taken place. Reynolds had lost his life. His First Corps had been almost annihilated after a magnificent resistance, and Howard' with the Eleventh Corps, who had come up late in the afternoon, had been driven back through Gettysburg to Cemetery Hill. Success at one moment had been with the Union forces and then with the Rebels, according as each received reinforcements. Reynold's and Howards' Corps rallied on the heights of Ceme tery Ridge, under cover of a fresh brigade which had been left there by Gen. Howard, and at this crisis Gen. Hancock's Second Corps came up and bivouacked. In the morning the Third Corps arrived and took position on its left. A peak, which from its shape was called Round Top, threw out a spur toward Gettysburg, forming first another little peak, called Little Round Top, and then a ridge extending as far as the Cemetery, just out of Gettysburg, where it turned off to the right, making a turn like a horse-shoe. Round Top formed a strong position for the Union left, held by the Sixth Corps. Then the Fifth Corps had the ground behind Little Round Top. Then were the Third Corps under Sickles, Second Corps under Hancock, Eleventh, First and Twelfth Corps forming Right and Right Centre. In front of the Third, Second and Eleventh Corps, a gentle slope led down the valley, through which also ran another spur (225) 226 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. ridge of land, branching from the main ridge and losing itself in some low lands in front of the Round Tops. On the other side of the valley was another ridge, well lined with woods, which was almost parallel with Cemetery Ridge. This one was called Seminary Ridge, from the Seminary which stood upon it. The rebel signal station was visible, and on the low ridge stretching to right and left, from that was the advance line of battle of Gen. Lee, — a fine position, but not as strong as the one selected by Gen. Hancock. On the morning of the second of July, the Sixth and Fifth Corps had not yet taken up their final positions. The Fifth Corps had a march of 36 miles to make in the night of July 1st and the morning of the 2nd and that morning passed very quietly for the other Union forces. Notwithstanding Ewell 's success, Lee made no effort until the balance of his army could get up, under Longstreet, and this occupied the entire forenoon. Far in the north could be seen the dust made by Stuart, return ing from his wild escapade around the Union army. Down to the left, Kilpatrick and his men were seen to come up. The Union troops were rapidly getting their positions and there was a feeling that a hard struggle was before them. Failure to drive the enemy, everyone knew, meant invasion of the North. Lee's failure to drive Meade and Hancock meant, perhaps, the destruction of his army. The summer sun gilded leaf and trunk, hill and plain. Light summer ^airs just stirred flag and plume, and it was hard to realize that ere jnany hours all the many-sided savagery of war would be here. Early in the morning, there occurred a movement which nearly led to dire disaster. Gen. Sickles' disposition was a little lower'on the crest than the rest of the line, the Emmets- burg road really overtopping it. With the best of intentions to accomplish a great purpose, he decided to sieze the Emmets- burg road. This new position caused an angle where Sickles' left was thrown back to make connection with Little Round Top. The angle was in a peach orchard and was not a strong position. It brought the Third Corps into a very advanced position, left its flank "in the air" and opened a gap of some ARRIVAL AT GETTYSBURG. 227 hundreds of yards between the right of the Third Corps and the left of the Second. At two o'clock a few squadrons of cavalry moved out from the extreme right of the enemy's line and reconnoitered the Union left. They were driven in by a battery of the Third Corps to which a battery of Lee replied. Then a brigade of infantry deployed from the extreme right of Lee's line and advanced . into the plain. When this was fairly in motion, another became visible, deploying from the woods in its rear. Another and another deployed and advanced and the great movement un masked. Longstreet, seeing his advantage and that he enfiladed Sickles' position, planned to attack him by eschelon of brigades from the right, having Round Top for its objective point. Lee was to overlap the left flank, and, while rolling back the imperilled Third Corps upon the Second, carry the key to the position by assault. During some moments of silence this grand manoeuvre develops itself and a second and a third line are disposed in the same formation. The western half of the plain in front of Sickles is full of marching lines of dusty brown, and the deep silence gives promise of dread work for all. Now the advance brigade of Lee emerges from the Peach Orchard and the guns of "Rickett's" famous battery open fire upon it over the heads of the Third Corps from a ridge in its rear. The first shell overthrows the battle color of thejright battalion and this is accepted as a good omen, with ajhearty cheer from the Second Corps. The advance brigade falters for a moment under the shells of "Rickett's" but for a moment only, and its ranks are closed. Woodford's battery|from the right of the Second Corps, Pettitt's Twelfth New York|from its centre, batteries B. and G., 1st Rhode Island and Capt. Harry Sleeper's Tenth Massachusetts, in turn, open theirjfire upon those advancing masses over the heads of Sickles' Corps. Their fire draws upon them a deadly storm from Lee's opposing bat teries to which they vouchsafe no reply. Their orders are to neglect Lee's guns and concentrate their fire upon|his"advanc- ing hosts of flesh and blood. The advance isjmomentarily checked, its impetus is lost but still those brave men'come gal- 228 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. lantly on. The leading brigades have now unmasked their front to the batteries of the Third Corps on the eastern slope of the little vale and the forty guns of the Third Corps add their thunders to the tumult, Lee's right brigade'; has overlapped the Union left, the "Excelsior" Brigade combat their left and open fire upon the flanks. The Jersey brigade next opens fire and in five minutes more Sickle's whole left is enveloped in flame; this corps is con tending with the whole force of Ewell and Hill. From the first it is apparent that the position must be lost, and Sickles must retire to the line of Cemetery Ridge, but that the ground in front must be defended to the last, must be defended until the enemy is too much exhausted with fatigue, too much enfeebled by death and wounds to continue the assault after Sickles shall have been forced back to the.Ridge. With desperate tenacity, Sickles' Corps holds its original position for half an hour. Then its left is first forced by sheer . weight to retire, but for a few rods only. Brigade after brigade is forced to follow in the same movement. The entire engagement is plainly visible from the position occupied by the Nineteenth regiment. The roar and din is frightful, smoke and dust obscure, at times, the field, where charge after charge is gallantly made and as gallanty repulsed. Sickles has lost his leg. Hooker's old heroes have suffered terribly. The left is drawn farther and farther back until at four o'clock the corps has been compelled to change front, its right resting on the Emmetsburg road, in front of the left of the Second Corps, and its left resting upon Round Top, half a mile in the rear of its original position. The battle lulls a moment while Hill forms his division in lines for the deed which has been the object of all this carnage — the assault of Round Top. The men of the quiescent Second Corps see it form, they see it move forward, and the storm breaks forth again with renewed intensity and fearful power. The batteries of the Second Corps concentrate their fire upon the doomed line; its flank is exposed; fifty guns pour upon it a hurtling storm of bursting shell and spherical case. Wide gaps are torn in its ARRIVAL AT GETTYSBURG. 229 crowded ranks, but it rushes on. It wins half the ascent, it gains shelter from the fire of the Second Corps in the wooded ravine between the twin chests, but Chamberlain's brigade charges down upon them with the steel, to the accompaniment of fierce hurrahs which drown the rebel yell. Again rises and swells the deep toned hurrahs of the New Englanders and forth from that bloody ravine come flying the fragments of the proud rebel column. Upon its retreating masses, the batteries of the Second Corps re-open a deadlier fire, and when they reach the plain but a fragment remains of the splendid force which had advanced so proudly and confi dently. A moment the hosts of Lee stand silent, stunned, while Hooker's old heroes vent their pride and joy in exultant cheers. Then with deadlier rage and wounded pride they renew the fierce attack in the plain below. The object of the rebel attack is change'd. The attack upon Sickles' left has but driven him to a firm base upon the foot of Round Top. The assault upon the crest has too fearfully and completely failed to be repeated. Hundreds of wounded men are seen moving across the plain to the rear. Nothing remains but to force back and roll up Sickles' right and push the superior masses of the enemy between the Second and Third Corps. The weight of the assault is then rapidly changed from the right to the left of their attack; upon Humphrey's right wing the Third Corps is rapidly concen trated and the battle wages more fiercely than before. Instead of being in advance of Hancock's left, Humphrey should have beta connected with it. Human flesh cannot long endure such a storm. Heroically the Third Corps resists an attack from thrice its force. Wavering and staggering, it yet holds its posi tion until the Mississippi brigade of Barksdale turns its right and falls upon its flank. It gallantly meets the new foe and for a few moments holds its own. Gen. Meade comes up just at this time, with Hancock and Gibbon, and stands near the Nineteenth Massachusetts, which is occupying a position in the front of the Second Division, Second Corps, just to the left of the now justly celebrated Copse of trees. It is soon apparent that some thing must be done to assist Humphrey. 230j©[THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Turning to Hancock, Gen. Meade says: "Something must be done. Send a couple of regiments out in support of Hum phrey." Hancock turned to Gibbon, and, without a word be tween them, the latter says to Col. Devereux, "Take the Forty Second New York with you. ' ' In an instant the two regiments, in all about 400 men are on the march at double-quick along the ridge toward the left and front. The right flank of the Third Corps is probably a quarter of a mile distant when the regiments start and when nearly opposite it, they turn and make straight toward Humphrey's position and cross Plum Run, beyond which there is a slight ridge, running diagonally to the road and facing almost exactly the point of compass from which Longstreet made his advance. The two regiments move forward, but the terrible flank fire forces them to quickly halt. The men are ordered to lie down. The smoke is so dense that they can see but a short distance. The men who are being pressed back are called upon to form upon the left flanks of the two regiments. Quite a line is formed from these troops and they renew the fighting as fiercely as if they had not, for three hours, already faced the extremest fury of the storm. The Mississipians, with a brigade of Virginians were seen to move forward to complete their victory. So close to the feeble remnants of the broken Third Corps are they that they almost intermingle. The little line in blue opens on them and checked the foremost a little until a rebel battery is run forward and opens fire. Being subjected also- to an enfilading fire, Col. Devereux says to Col. Mallon: "Order your men to stand up, fire a volley by the rear and front rank and you will clean out those in front of you and stop them. Then face aboub go back to the old line on double-quick, face about again and wait for the Nineteenth. It was a desperate situation in more ways than one. The slightest delay meant risk of capture, but to stop the onward march of the enemy's lines on to the shattered forces must be done if possible. Then, above all, there is the importance of getting the troops back on the old line in good order to be a rallying point for those who have been driven off the field. The Nineteenth is ordered to rise and fire a volley, which temporarily ARRIVAL AT GETTYSBURG. 231 checks the enemy. They are instantly told to face about and march back. Major Rice and about 70 of the men are left behind as skirmishers to protect the left of the line. As Col. Devereux remarked afterward, "I never felt more solemnly a demand for dutywhich must be obeyed at no matter what sacrifice. The men must be brought back to the old line at whatever risk» and without any disorder. They marched as steadily as if on parade, notwithstanding the fact that the enemy had recovered themselves and commenced to fire upon us and our men were falling. It was only necessary, however, for me to give one order. The men staggered under that pitiless fire on their right flank as they were then faced, but all I had to say was "Steady, boys, steady,' ' and we reached the line in perfect order and faced about, to find how well, perhaps, it was that we should have dared what we had just endured. ' ' As the regiment falls back, just as it reaches a clump of bushes in a hollow, a line of men from the Fifth Corps is met coming through. The two regiments fall back through these bushes, halt, face about again and "plug away" at the foe as coolly as if they had not already lost a quarter of their men. While doing this, First Sergeant Viall of Co. E, comes running, swinging his musket over his head, crying, ' ' Come on ! Come on I they're running!" Suddenly he drops his musket and, clasping his arms across his breast, runs to the rear with a severe wound in the arm. "There's a brave man" remarks Major Rice, and then tells his companions to ' 'hurry up" with their loading. Here fell the gallant Adams, with one ball in the bowels, and another in the hip. Who does not remember "Bottle" Ross, Kirby, Williams, Johnson, Corrigan— and half a hundred more who fell. r The Mississipians continue to move forward, unchecked by the thin line of skirmishers, who fall back from in front of the First Minnesota and those who are left from upon their right. Then the Minnesotafregiment charges upon the long line of the enemy and returns with but a handful of men. These, however, bring back many captives, among them being a brother of D. J. Mc A. Jewett, of the Nineteenth Massachusetts. (This brother, 232 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. a native of Spain, was afterward killed on a foreign field, fighting for the Royalty of his native country.) As the enemy fell back, the sun was just setting. Its rays lighted up the smoke which hung heavily in front, with a lurid glare. The rebels are seen running hither and thither, loading and firing. It is all an unnatural scene. In this action Capt. Dodge, Lieutenants Adams and Stone were wounded, g,nd several men were killed and wounded. It was now quite dark and in half an hour Capt. Leach, of the Brigade Staff, brought orders for the regiments to return to the old position of the Second Corps, where they arrived at 2 A. M. and lay down to rest on the line upon Cemetery Ridge. The Third Corps formed its new line upon the ridge to the left, and details from both corps bore off the wounded from the field. Col. Devereux commanding the regiment, says of the action of the men on this day: "The most tried and veteran troops are never expected to march deliberately with a fire in their backs. It is universally agreed that when they can face the enemy, they must stand to the last, but when they have to turn their backs, it is not expected of them. I have always felt that, although on the following day (July 3rd), the Nineteenth did a magnificent thing, brilliant act as it was for a test of soldier ship of a character most unexampled, what they did on the second day takes higher rank." During the first retirement of the men of the Nineteenth Massachusetts, the color sergeant was shot down and dropped the flag. It was immediately picked up by Benjamin H. Jellison of Co. C, who had become crowded into thecolorguard. Hewasat once made a sergeant and carried the color during the balance of this engagement, and on the following day performed an heroic; deed which won for him the Medal of Honor. CHAPTER XXIX. GETTYSBURG. JULY 3, 1863. Darkness settled like a pall upon the blood-stained sod of Gettysburg. Many prisoners were brought in from the left during the evening, and there were numbers of the Nineteenth who went to "bed" supperless, but they slept as soundly as though there was no such thing as a battle, fought or to be fought. When the distant clock of Gettysburg tolled the hour of three, aides and orderlies began to hustle about, the sleeping warriors were silently awakened and each addressed himself to the preparation of a repast, — mayhap his last. From about the centre of the famous "Horse-Shoe" occu pied by Meade's forces, immediately to left the of the cemetery a knoll projected a little from the general direction of the Union lines. The knoll was crowned with a growth of small oaks constituting a prominent feature of the landscape. The slope of this knoll toward the enemy, and for a little distance to both left and right, was held by the Second Division, Second Corps, under command of Gen. John Gibbon. In it were three bri gades, that of Gen. Webb on the right, Col. Hall in the centre and Gen. Harrow on the left. There was but one line of infantry from the left up to Webb's position where one of his regiments had retired a few paces. One spirited writer has fixed the immortal stamp upon that "Single Line of Blue." After early morning, Lee's artillery could be seen massing in front. Conjecture easily anticipated the object: a tremen. dous cannonade on some point of the Union line, and an infantry assault ensuing. What point more likely than this conspicuous and central one? Events proved that Lee regarded it as the "Key Point" of the position. His policy of a fierce assault (233) 234 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. immediately following a heavy firing of guns with the purpose of piercing his enemy's centre declared his belief in the weakness of that point and his confidence in the successful issue. He had tried the left and been repulsed. He had tried the right and been thrown back. History must record the soundness of his judgment, and how victory barely escaped his grasp. Al though the busy preparations of Lee's lines were evident, the morning was spent in absolute inaction on the part of the Second Corps. A brooding silence hung over all with a pall of dread anticipation. The period before a conflict which is plainly inevitable, impresses a solemn sense upon all, with greater force the higher the organization. The division lay there, resting on its arms, scarcely a move ment making itself apparent to disturb the universal hush. The Nineteenth regiment lay to the left and a little to the rear of the grove on the westerly side of the ridge, whjch was very low at that point. The Forty-Second New York was in line with it, the Twentieth Massachusetts was directly in front in the first line, lying behind a slight breastwork made by throwing some earth up against a low stone fence, topped with rails. On the crest of the ridge, in front of the spot where the Nineteenth Massachusetts and the Forty-Second New York regiments were in line was Rorty's battery. The day was extremely hot and many of the men impro vised shelters by inverting their muskets, with the bayonets stuck in the ground, thus making posts of them, to which, by means of the hammers, pieces of shelter tents or blankets were fastened. Some of the officers had been fortunate enough to secure something to eat and were enjoying it, spread upon a blanket just in the rear of the line of stacks. Just at one o'clock the sharp report of a shotted gun within the enemy's lines, broke the oppressive stillness. It was plainly a signal. In an instant a round shot came bounding diagonally over the ridge, like a rubber ball. Instantly there was another report and a second shot came over from the same direction and following the same course. Lieut. Sherman Robinson, of Co. A was among the group of officers and had leaped to his feet at the sound of the GETTYSBURG. 235 first gun. He was in the act of wiping his mouth with his hand kerchief when the second shot struck him on the left side, just below the shoulder, passing through his body and bearing him to the ground, literally torn to pieces. He was a man very much liked and respected. He had "won his spurs" in the ranks and was wearing his reward of merit on his shoulders in the badge of his hard earned com mission, just acquired. The report from the second gun had not died away before another shot came over the ridge, striking among the gun stacks of the Nineteenth Massachusetts, and then every rebel gun on Seminary Ridge opened in one grand salvo, with concentric fire on Gibbon's Division. From this time on, for an hour and thirty minutes, the roaring of cannon and the bursting of shells from both sides was so incessant that the ear could not distin guish individual explosions. It was one grand raging clash of ceaseless sound, — the most terrific cannonading of the war. The woods in front seemed lined with flame and smoke. Pande monium broken loose was zephyr to a cyclone in comparison. Each man fell prostrate upon the level summit of the flat, low ridge. Just in front of the Nineteenth's line, the summit swelled perhaps two feet above their backs. From the ridge on which they lay, a hundred guns joined their clamor to the awful din. Their diverging fire had little power against that terrible concentric storm of crashing, whirring, bursting shell. From right, from left and from the front poured the iron shower, above, around, among the men of the Second Corps. Rorty's battery was in a position in front of the regiment. Five horses and the drivers of the leading gun fell among the prostrate infantry men. Soon the third gun rolled helpless from its wheels. With but two guns left, heroic Rorty continued to fire. Then a caisson burst. Immediately his left piece was struck and shattered, and with one gun he continuep!. In half an hour, of sixty men, he had but four remaining and still the hero plied that single gun. Another shot, and casting off sword and coat the officer grasped the rammer. The heated gun would scarce receive the charge, and he called for water to cool his piece. To the little spring in the rear of his line it was full four 236 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. hundred yard's. The air was full of grass amd dirt cast from the soil by the jagged rebel iron. Moses Shackley, Second Lieutenant of Co. B, Nineteenth Massachusetts, sprang up, grasped the bucket, and, with a merry laugh, through dust and smoke, amid whizzing balls and bursting shells, which screeched down the path he was compelled to take, coolly walked down the slope toward General Meade's Headquarters and stooped over the spring. A round shot struck the ground between his feet, but did not harm him and he returned safely over the fire- swept plain. "The water is cold enough, boys," he shouted, "but its devilish hot around the spring." The gallant deed and the merry jest drew cheers from those who, with bated breath, had watched the journey. Lieut. Brown, bareheaded, again called out: "For God's sake, Colonel, let me have twelve men to work my gun." The men heard it and looked into each other's eyes. Can I? Snellen, the sailor soldier from Marblehead, — struck already by one spent ball, — limped to the front. "I'm one boys! Who 's the next ?" he said. Then Capt. Mahoney and Sergeant "Billy" MeGinnis, of Co. K, Sergeants Cornelius Linnehan and Matthias Bixby, of Co. F, and twenty more immediately re sponded, and did excellent service. They replaced the broken wheels, brought ammunition from the limbers, and fired the guns. Lieut. Shackley had been lying by the side of Sergt. Benjamin H. Jellison, who bore the colors. "Come, Jellison, let's go and help," he said, "we might just as well get killed there as here," and in a moment he was conspicuously showing great courage and coolness, walking from piece to piece, encouraging and assisting the men. Jellison was, finally ordered back to the colors by Col. Devereux. During the cannonade, the Nineteenth and Forty-Second New York, composing the second line of men, suffered some loss, as did the first line, as the rebel gunners trained their pieces on the artillery along the top of the ridge, thus throwing most of their shells into these lines. The headquarters of Gen. Meade, which were directly in the rear of the location of the Nineteenth, were shelled so severely that they were removed to another posi- GETTYSBURG. 237 tion. The rain of shot and shell was continuous. Frag ments of bursting shell were flying everywhere. There seemed to be no place where they did not strike and no spot from whence they did not come. Officers and men alike, keeping their alignment, crawled to places of apparent cover. Some got be hind the few large boulders, others took advantage of depressions in the ground. So thick did the missiles fly that in a "few moments nearly all of the inverted muskets were knocked down or shot off; pieces of shell were plainly visible as they hissed by; limber boxes and caissons were hit and blew up with stunning reports; the battery horses were nearly all shot down. Men, lying'flat behind large boulders, were struck. A shot would come over and strike a man in the back. Men were con stantly seen hobbling off, with blood streaming from their wounds. During all this time, not a musket had been fired at the enemy. About this time a company of the First Minnesota regiment came up from Gen. Meade's headquarters, where it had been on duty. When this company reached the left of the position of the Nineteenth Massachusetts, its captain said: "Here's the Nine teenth boys, now we are all right. Fall right in here," — and once again the boys of Minnesota and Massachusetts stood shoulder to shoulder, as at Antietam. After an hour and forty minutes of continuous firing, the cannonade ceased almost as suddenly as it had begun, and the men stood and "shook themselves" until the lines were re formed. The dense clouds of smoke obscured the field in front- They settled and rolled along, and, meanwhile, fresh guns were hurried to- the crest. CHAPTER XXX. pickett's charge. The infantry is moved up nearer to the edge of the Ridge. A blast of air lifts the smoke. "Here they come! Here they come! Here comes the infantry," is heard on every side- Pickett's splendid division moves out to cross the interval between the two low-lying ridges occupied by the opposing armies, on that magnificent charge which has extorted the admiration, unqualified, of their foes and which won the position - aimed for but could not hold it. After Pickett's division crosses the Emmetsburg Road and comes sweeping up the slope, they still bear everything before them, as if carried forward by an all-ruling fate. Their right flank just touches the Cordora house. The left, a hundred and fifty rods away, is slightly in advance. Three lines of battle are mov ing up As they cross the road only 800 yards away, huge gaps be gin to show in their lines as a result of the effective fire of the Union artillery, but they are quickly closed up in magnificent style, and the line still advances. At 300 yards canister takes the place of shell and their men fall like leaves in the Autumn gale, but the great mass silently, swiftly moves forward. They are approaching the "little oak grove" in front of which, behind a stone-wall, lies Webb's brigade of Pennsylva- nians. The advancing columns close in on the infantry. With a yell they rush forward. A sheet of flame welcomes them and in its warm grasp their line melts like ice. Being obliged to cross a fence oblique to their line of advance, the rebels are crowded and closed in mass in the endeavor to regain their formation. It is seen that Webb cannot firmly hold his men against the shock of that fierce charge, although he throws himself, with reckless courage, in front of them to face the storm and beg, (238) BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. REPULSE OF PICKETT'S CHARGE. Copyright 1887, by L. Prang & Co., Boston. By courteous permission of the Taber Prang Art Co., Springfield, Mass. pickett's charge. 239 threaten and command. They are obliged to fall back upon the second line. Hall's right, overlapped, has to sag back, swaying to the rear because of the pressure; but swaying forward again as the ocean surges against a rock. Regimental organization is lost, ranks are eight or ten deep, — pushing struggling, refusing to yield, but almost impotent for good. A gap opens between Webb and Hall for a brief instant, at the time when there was a sudden lull in the firing of the cannon. Woo,druff, Brown, Cushing, Rorty and every other commissioned officer, almost without exception, of their respec tive batteries is dead or disabled. Gen. Gibbon, commanding the division is also wounded. Gallant Alex. Hayes, stripped to his shirt, is yelling down his line and a regiment of Ewell's corps, entangled with his force, passes captive to the rear. "Mallon! We must movel" shouts Col. Devereux to his friend, the commander of the Forty-Second New York. Just then a headlong rush of horses' feet, spurred to the utmost, comes up the hollow from behind, from the direction of Balti more Pike. There, looking the very embodiment of the God of War rides ' ' Hancock the Superb. ' ' He nearly tramples upon the men of the Nineteenth. His horse is thrown upon his haunches and just then Col. Devereux cries out to him: — "See! Their colors ! They have broken through ! Shall I get in there ?" * Shouting in a characteristic manner — "Now, men, forward I Now's your chance.' Get up and go at them!" — Gen. Hancock shoots like an arrow past the men, and a moment afterward receives a wound which sweeps him from the saddle and nearly costs him his life. *From General Hancock's Offieial Report: ' 'The fight here became very close and deadly. The enemy's battle- flags were soon seen waving on the stone wall. Passing at this time , Colonel Devereux commanding the 19th Massachusetts volunteers, anxious to be in the right place, applied to me for permission to move his regiment to right and to the front, where the line had broken. I granted it, and his regiment, and Colonel Mallon's 42d New York volunteers, on his right, proceeded there at once." 240 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Brave Hunt.gallopsfuriouslypastthefrontof Webb'sBrigade toward the clump of trees, intent upon recovering the abandoned guns. Just at the line his horse falls dead and Hunt bounds to his feet, firing his pistols in the very faces of the yelling foe. Meanwhile, Col. Mallon has sprung forward to his men and instantly the Nineteenth Massachusetts and the Forty-Second New York are moving side by side at a run. The Nineteenth Massachusetts, trained from its inception in a discipline as stern as that of Cromwell's "Ironsides," is material upon which reliance in such an emergency can be placed, With it is the Forty-Second New York which has served by its side in the same brigade, in the camp, on the march and on the battle field from Ball's Bluff to the present moment. Like a bolt of flame the little line is launched upon the enemy on the south side of the"Clump of Trees." The first line is struck and broken through. The heroic regiment pauses an instant to gather breath and then, with a furious bound, goes on to the second line. As the men break through the first line, Maj. Rice is in front. With a cry " Follow me, boys !" he dashes for ward and is the first man to come into contact with the second line. He is severely wounded through the thigh and falls inside the enemy's lines. The two lines come together with a shock which stops them both and causes a slight rebound. For several minutes they face and fired into each other at a distance of fifteen paces, (as measured after the battle). Everything seems trembling in the balance. The side that can get in forward motion first will surely win. The men in blue are jammed in, five and six deep. Some times there are groups which are even deeper and every time a man stoops to load, others crowd in ahead of him so that he will have to elbow his way through in order to get another chance to fire. All can not be in the front rank, and the men in the rear are dodging around, firing through openings made by the chang ing crowd, no matter how small. There is little doubt that many are wounded in this manner, because of the rapid changes being made as the entire mass forges ahead. Muskets are ex- pickett's charge. 241 ploding all around, flashing their fire almost in one's face and so close to the head as to make the ears ring — and so the battle rages. A battery had followed the Nineteenth Massachusetts and Forty-Second New York, and, in an instant more, from rear, right and left, at pistol range, these guns poured in an iron shower. Webb's brigade came charging down. The remainder of Hall's brigade rushed down upon the left. It cleared its front. Downward to the wall they forced the rebels back and for another twenty minutes, with ball and steel and rifles clubbed hand to hand, they plied the awful work. A rebel color bearer came out between the trees in front of Webb and placed his battle flag upon one of Cushing's guns, — and fell dead beside it. Another ran out to get it, but before reaching the gun he too fell dead. Then several men rushed out together. They all fell about the piece and the rebel flag still waved on the Union cannon. Subsequently two more flags were placed upon the gun, all of which were captured, one of them by Corporal Joseph DeCastro, of the Nineteenth Mass achusetts, who had become separated from his command and had joined the 72nd Pennsylvania regiment in the tumult. He turned, broke through the line, and thrust the captured flag into hands of Col. Devereux. "He never said a word and darted back" said Col. Devereux in his official report later. Corporal DeCastro received a testimonial of his gallantry on the spot, as follows : Headquarters 19th Regiment, Mass. Vols., Gettysburg, Pa., July 4, 1863. This will certify that Corporal Joseph DeCastro, Co. 1, 19th regt. Mass Vols, in the attack of Pickett's division on Gibbon's Division, Second Corps, U. S. Army, on July 3rd, 1863, at Gettysburg, Pa., did capture the colors of the 14th regiment Va. Infantry, C. S. A., inscribed with their name and number, and did place same in my hands during the actual con flict. (Signed) A. F. Devereux, 19th Regt. Mass. Vols. A true copy. - W. A. Hill Adjt., 19th Regt. Mass. Vols. 242 the nineteenth Massachusetts regiment. Corp. DeCastro 's further reward was one of the four special medals struck by order of the Secretary of War for extraordinary gallant conduct. A private of Co. F, captured a rebel color and staff, and passed it to Major Rice, who being wounded, was passing to the rear. Major Rice used the staff as a cane and on arriving at the Field Hospital gave it into the hands of General Hancock, who was lying in an ambulance at the hospital. Although organizations were more or less broken up and confusion reigned everywhere, most of the men of the Nineteenth gathered about its colors, thus, in a measure, holding its identity. Col. Mallon and the Forty-Second New York had by this time wrapped around the right of the grove a little. The opposing lines were standing as if rooted, dealing death into each other. There they stood and would not move. Foot to foot, body to body and man to man they struggled, pushed, and strived and killed. Each had rather die than yield. The mass of wounded and heaps of dead entangled the feet of the contestants, and, underneath the trampling mass, wounded men who could no longer stand, struggled, fought, shouted and killed — hatless, coatless, drowned in sweat, black with powder, red with blood, stifling in the horrid heat, parched with smoke and blind with dust, with fiendish yells and strange oaths they blindly plied the work of slaughter. Remember you who hold dear the glory of ambitious wars> that on every field where glory has been won or lost there has been a scene like this! The gallant Vermont brigade closed in upon the right flank of the great column in front. Woodruff advanced his battery far out upon the plain in front of Howard's corps and opened fire upon their left rear. Hancock had fallen, Hayes and Gibbon both were wounded. Brave Webb called out to "Charge!" Suddenly in the midst of the awful carnage, the National color of the Nineteenth Massachusetts was seen to fall, but it was instantly raised in the hands of Lieut. Moses Shackley, of Co. B. Lieut. Herman Donath, with the other color, fell dead and then Shackley was pickett's charge . 243 wounded. "Ben" Jellison of Co. C, instantly grabbed both colors and planted them within three yards of the enemy's front. Inspired by that brave deed, the men sprang forward like a thunderbolt and followed their colors. A strange resistless impulse seemed to seize the whole Union line. It seemed actu ally to leap forward at every point. The enemy stood their ground and for a moment the scene of blood was all renewed. There was at once an indescribable rush of thick-hurrying scenes. The Nineteenth held the blunted apex of the re-enter ing angle which was the appearance made by the Union lines. A yell, a shout,- — and the line of the regiment seemed to open as if by magic. It was not a flight, however, — a flood of un armed, defenseless men had poured through — they were the remnant of Pickett's gallant men who had abandoned that nearly invincible charge. And then the victors cheered and the cheering rang down the line. Sixth, Fifth, Third, Eleventh united with the Second Corps and rent the air with such cheers as are seldom heard. The mighty shout swelled and rang and died away, swelled and pealed again until even the distant Twelfth Corps united its voice in that mighty hymn of joy, and well it may, for the honor and the fate of a great nation had hung dependant upon that hour. The Republic was the stake for which they had played amid that "Clump of Trees," through which were scattered the dead and wounded of the old Nineteenth Massachusetts. Had the Union troops lost the mighty game, Bunker Hill and Saratoga had been fought, Washington and Greene had lived in vain, but now the Great Republic shall ever be free. Not a star or a stripe shall be torn from the bright emblem of her power. Aye, more, the Boys in Blue had this day sealed in blood the Magna Charter of the bondman race. Gettysburg, trans lated, reads "A NATION SAVED." CHAPTER XXXI. AFTER THE BATTLE. Hundreds of the enemy fired their last round, dropped their muskets and surrendered themselves as prisoners of war rather than run the chance of getting safely back to their lines under the fire of the Union guns over the 1580 yards of open plain. Most of the remaining men of the regiment pushed ahead, directly through the grove and over the fence into the field be yond. This was covered by dead and wounded rebels, and the men were here exposed to the fire of the enemy's artillery which opened as soon as their infantry retired. A few of the men got behind some large rocks in an angle of the stone wall and fired on the retreating rebels as long as they remained in view. A number of the rebel prisoners were quite communica tive. One had been shot through the fleshy part of the leg, below the knee and was wondering how he could get to the rear. He was told to take two muskets for crutches, as there were plenty lying about. He was afraid that some of the men would take them away from him, but someone got him a couple and he hobbled away. One prisoner declared that Gen. Lee had- said that a fly could not live under the shelling of his artillery and that most of the Union troops there were Pennsylvania militia, and, as evidence of this, called the attention of his men to the large number of new colors in the Union line. (The fact is that many regiments had received new sets of colors during the spring. The Nineteenth Massachusetts had a new set.) "But," said the soldier, "when I got up to the stone wall and saw that damned white club (pointing to the trefoil on the cap of one of the men), I knew that the whole Army of the Potomac was here and I just dropped my gun and gave up." The brave old Nineteenth Massachusetts, which entered . (244) AFTER THE BATTLE. ' 245 the fight numbering 141 and now mustered but 39 dirty, bloody, panting heroes, was re-formed at the north of the grove, near the Shippenburg Pike and marched back to the crest of the Ridge to its place in the line, amid a storm of cheers from thosfe who had shared with it the indescribable perils of that last hour. A detail was told off for picket duty and these were marched out to the front and posted along Plum Run, the right being near the Emmetsburg road, south of the Cordora house, and the left was opposite the right of the Third Corps. Twelve men from the regiment were detailed to man Hazard's Rhode Island battery and a squad to act as provost guard, collecting stragglers, etc. The balance of the regiment bivouacked for the night. Ah ! How sad were the hearts of the survivors that night ! In front and to the left of the line were thousands of wounded men who were groaning and crying for help during the night. Those inside the lines were cared for, but those lying between the lines were* left to suffer, because neither side dared to go to their assistance. During the night a heavy rain began to fall (as is usual after great battles) and by morning it was falling in torrents, continuing with diminishing force throughout the day and the following^ night. Everybody and everything was drenched. In the afternoon skirmishers came out, passed the pickets and advanced to the road. Then the pickets were withdrawn. Rations had been issued and there was an abundance of food, — it having been issued for the number of troops who were on duty before the battle. As a consequence a great deal of fresh beef was thrown away. The officers were engaged in completing the count of losses. The Third Brigade had lost nearly 1,000 men and could now bring into line but 300. The Second Division of the Second Corps could report but 1037. It had reported 3730 the previous day at noon. Of those who remained there were but few who had not received some injury. In speaking of the position of the Nineteenth Massachu setts and the Forty-Second regiments during this great fight, Col. Devereux has since said: "I have always felt a reverential 246 THE NINETEETNH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. awe of the responsibility resting on these two regiments during that conflict. They were advanced before I could anticipate what use could be made of them and halted just at the spot, as it proved, where they could hurl, with full effect, right against the front of Pickett's column which had actually pierced our lines and gained its objective point. They were the only troops in prompt striking distance. They were under full command and perfect order, sent forward to the performance of a specific purpose. Their arrival steadied Hall's and Harrow's swaying line; enabled Webb to rally his command once more; made effective Stannard's throwing out perpendicularly to the line, on the left, and Hayes' rush from the right; formed a cul-de-sac, and held the enemy in the jaws of a vise whose resistless pressure must inevitably crush. If they had not been just there, who will say what might have happened?" The four rebel colors taken were all captured during the hand to hand fighting. Corporal Joseph H. DeCastro, of Co. I, and Private John Robinson, Co. I, Sergt. Benjamin H. Jellison, Co. C, and Private Benjamin Falls, of Co. A, each got one. Benjamin Falls captured his flag at the stone wall, taking it from the rebel color bearer's hands. When he reached the wall, he saw the flag flying above it, and, supposing it to have been left there, he took hold of it, but it could not be moved. Looking over the wall, he saw that a rebel soldier still had hold of it. Falls raised his musket on which was the bayonet, and, holding it like a spear over the Johnnie, said "Hut, Tut! Let alone of that or I'll run ye through." He captured the flag and the "Johnnie too." The flag of the Fourteenth Virginia regiment was captured by Sergt. Benjamin H. Jellison, of Co. C, and, in addition, he succeeded in capturing a squad of prisoners, bringing them in with the captured flag. This flag was handed to Second Lieut. Joseph Snelling. After the charge had been repulsed, Gen. Alexander Hayes was seen, riding up and down, waving a captured flag. It was claimed by one of the Nineteenth Massachusetts that he had captured it and that the general forgot to return it after borrow ing it. w. Yfrv. W~ 'a^Iv *¦ ft>i /CZcCot'ZtL' -if" 6>SC, CC; ". msUst<4w)l CUxeju-sf Zo-fggj ' CC 'irue eohz.r of! or/crin a £- '6n> file irii the off see of" \ faiiiL, , '£- > //- ^///,/»,,/ Genawl.\ At. nZAAdLdt.-irSJLtiL- ¦ir /*v, Jt A.t. /?/t, -- // , '" W'w,-'.'. ; ¦¦ AFTER THE BATTLE. 247 Following is the official receipt, received by Col. Devereux, for the captured colors at Gettysburg, the original of which is on file at the State House, Boston, Mass. Gettysburg, Pa., July 4th, 1863. Received of Col. A. F. Devereux, Battle flags of the 57th Va. Infy. 53rd Va. Infy. 14th Va. Infy. and one with the number of the regiment torn out, supposed to be the 19th Va. Infy., all captured by the 19th Mass. Vols, in battle, July 3rd 1863. Norman J. Hall, Col. Com'd'g Brigade. ' During this engagement First Lieutenant Herman Donath, of Roxbury, a very valuable and promisi ngyoung officer, was instantly killed and the .following officers wounded: Lieut. Col. Ansel D. Wass; Maj. Edmund Rice, Capt. Wm. L. Palmer, Capt. James G. C. Dodge, First Lieut. David T. Chubbuck, Second Lieut. John J. Ferris and Second Lieut. Joseph W. Snellen. •The total loss of the Nineteenth Massachusetts regiment in the battles of Gettysburg was — officers, killed, 2; wounded, 9; enlisted men, killed 7; wounded 51; missing, 8 (about 50%). The regiment went into action with 141 men and the due pro portion of officers, — 160 all told. Casualties — Gettysburg, July 2-3, 1863. KILLED: Co. A. Second Lieutenant Sherman S. Robinson. Sergeant Gorham Coffin. Co. B. Private Patrick Scannell. Co. C. First Lieutenant Herman Donath. Sergeant Joseph H. Hervey. 248 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT Co. D. Private Daniel Holland. Co. E. Private Thomas Doyle. Private Edward Roche. . Co. I. Corporal Thomas W.Tuttle. wounded: Lieutenant Colonel Ansel D. Wass. Major Edmund Rice. Co. A, Corporal Charles L. Noyes. Private William Edwards. Private Michael Scannell. Private Duncan Sherwood. Co. B. Private Andrew Goodwin. Private Charles H. Preston. Co. C. Captain Wm. L. Palmer. Second Lieutenant Joseph W. Snellen . Sergeant Stephen Armitage. Private John H. Steele. Private John F. Fowler. Private George H. Breed. Private Albert Rogers. Co. D. First Lieutenant David T. Chubbuck. Sergeant John L. Hoyt (Died July 5.) Private Patrick Fitzgerald. Private Patrick Ford. Private William P. R. Estes. Co. E. Sergeant Terrence Gormley. Sergeant Cornelius Russell. Private Daniel Corrigan. Private James Corrigan. Co. F. First Lieutenant William Stone. Second Lieutenant John J. Ferris. Corporal Hugh McPartland. Private Charles E. Marston. Private Johnson Achason. Private William Gibbons. Co. G. Sergeant William H. Tibbetts. Corporal George E. Morse. after the battle. 249 Private Thomas Kelley. Private John Mann. Private D. F. McNeal. Co. H. Captain J. G. C. Dodge. Corporal William Ellery. Private John W. Anderson. Private Benjamin H. Aikins. Private William H. Bailey. Private Jeremiah Y. Wells. Private Charles A. Brown. Private William A. Bartlett. Co. I. First Lieut. J. G. B. Adams. Sergeant Albert Damon. Sergeant William H. Hoyt. Private Michael O'Brien. Private James A. Coombs. Private George B. Ham. Private Michael Connolly. Co K. First Sergeant William A. MeGinnis. Sergeant John W. Hayes. Sergeant Patrick Nolan. Corporal Joseph Libby. Corporal Samuel E. Viall. Private Patrick W. Harvey. Private Exor Oliver. Private Charles A. Newhall. Private Charles B. Newhall. Private Thomas J. Salisbury. missing: Co. C. Private William E. Northend. Co. D. Private Henry Hines. Private Charles McCarthy. Co. E Corporal Charles A. Johnson. Private John Doherty. Co. I. Private D. F. Reardon. Co. K. Sergeant Charles A. Rowe. Private A. J. Norwood. 250 the nineteenth Massachusetts regiment. recapitulation : Officers killed 2 Officers wounded 9 Men killed 7 Men wounded 51 Men missing 8 Total 77 Lieut. Donath was killed by a buckshot which entered his heart. When found, there was no blood upon his person, but when his clothing was opened, a little round hole was discovered in his side, showing what had caused his death. He was quite boyish looking and in the short time he had been with the com pany had won its love and respect. Joseph H. Hervey, of Co. C, was a Georgetown boy, popu lar in the company and a model soldier, His body was found, after the battle, in the "Clump of Trees" where the battle had raged the fiercest. It was terribly mangled by a solid shot. Sergt. MeGinnis, of Co. K, received his wound just as the 1 ine of Pickett's men broke, under the terrible fire trained upon them. MeGinnis could not restrain his enthusiasm at, the spectacle, and, jumping to the top of a little ridge in front of his company, he waved his arms and shouted: "They've broke, boys! They're running ! There they go! See 'em run!" As he cried out in his excitement, a rebel bullet found lodgment in the back of his neck and he dropped. In an official report, made in 1878, Col. Devereux says: Gen. E. D. Townsend, Adjutant General, Army U. S. Sir:— In obedience to your request, dated April 24, 1878, asking for a report of the operations of the Nineteenth Massachusetts Volunteers in the Gettys burg Campaign, I have the honor to submit the following, as being an authentic report. While it may not be the original, verbatim, it is made from notes taken on the field during said campaign, and is substantially correct : The Second Corps, of which the Nineteenth Massachusetts formed a part, left Falmouth, on the Rappahannock, several days after the main body of the army, acting as its rear guard, struck across Manassas Plains to Thoroughfare Gap, where it laid three days; then followed up the East side of the Blue Ridge to Edward's Ferry, Md., crossing after nightfall AFTER THE BATTLE. 251 and then camping. During the march from Falmouth to Edward 's Ferry there was some insignificant skirmishing with cavalry, mounted troops and light batteries, but nothing of serious moment. Leaving Edward's Ferry "early in the morning, after its arrival there, the corps marched by Pooles ville and the Monocacy to Frederick City, Md. ; thence through Liberty to 'Uniontown, making a forced march from early dawn until 9 o'clock in the evening. There had been some cavalry skirmishing through the town, and further on, during the day, but the Second Corps were not engaged- On arriving at Uniontown, I received orders to take possession of the town, with the regiment, to preserve order there, picket the exits and prevent the exhibition of any disloyal feeling, especially if it took the active shape of intention to give information to the enemy. I must here say, in justice to the citizens, that they manifested a. spirit unexpected and worthy of the name of the town — something that we had been unaccustomed to in our previous experience with the popula tion of Maryland. It so happened that our marching rations were ex hausted, and our teams behind. The citizens gave my men supper in their houses, and breakfast in the morning, refusing pay from any enlisted man, and making very moderate charges to the officers. This was the morning of July 1st, 1863. Early we commenced to distribute rations, but had scarcely begun when sudden orders to move set us on the march and my men had to leave with empty haversacks. We marched all that day until after nightfall, the moon shining with extreme brightness, and we were placed in line of battle in rear of Round Top, where it was understood we might expect to meet the enemy — the First and Eleventh Corps, under Reynolds and Howard, having met with severe disaster during the day and at and beyond Gettys burg. During the night the plan was changed, and before daylight of a dark, cloudy morning, the Second Corps was on the move, and halted only when it reached the low cemetery Ridge, where it relieved the badly broken First Corps, on the left of Howard's fine, thus occupying about the centre of the Army, and held this position until the conclusion of what was soon to be the ever memorable battle of Gettysburg in its second and third day's con tinuance. Early in the morning of July 2nd, Genoral Gibbon, commanding the Second Division of the Second Corps, assumed command of the corps, General Hancock being temporarily in chief command. General Harrow, commanding First Brigade, came into command of the division by seniority. At the joint request of Generals Gibbon and Harrow, I left my regiment and joined General Harrow's staff for the purpose of taking charge of the opera tions of the division, giving orders in General Harrow 's name. Nothing of importance occurred, however. Later in the day, when General Gibbon re sumed his own command, I returned to my regiment. Some time past the middle of the afternoon when General Sickles, commanding the Third Corps 252 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. marched from his position on the Ridge, out through the peach orchard endeavoring to occupy the high ground along the Emmetsburg Pike, where Longstreet struck his left flank, I received a hurried order to take the Nine teenth Massachusetts,accompanied by the Forty Second New York (Colonel Mallon) to support Humphrey's Division, which held the right of the Third Corps' line. It is right for me to say here that there was a disputed, and as yet un settled, right of seniority between myself and Colonel Mallon, but which never interfered with our cordial personal relations; and it is due to the memory of so good an officer, who died gallantly at the head of his brigade, shortly after, at Bristow's Station, to state that he frankly and cheerfully waived all claim on his part and obeyed my orders without reserve the balance of that day and during the next. My report, therefore, will in clude the operations of both regiments from here on.. Some portions of the division to our left had preceded us. On reaching the little swale, lined with willows, we met the First Minnesota beaten back and badly handled by the enemy, but making a desperate effort to maintain their ground ; their ranks were so badly cut that I easily passed through with my command, marching by the plank. We were guided by a young lieu tenant on horseback, all the officers of my own command being on foot, orders having been given some time before to send all horses to the rear. Just as we rose the further side of the swale, everything was in direct con fusion; our troops were flying in great disorder, and apparently no organ ization left. Just at this moment my guide disappeared, and where he went and what became of him, I have never yet learned. I could find no one to report to, and had to trust to my own judgement. I formed a fine of battle, Mallon on my right, and ordered both regiments to lie down, officers and men — except myself. The enemy's line of battle followed closely in upon the flying men, and their artillery, running up to close quarters, used canister. It seemed to me that I must preserve the organization of my command, keep it from disorder and panic, so as to use it as a nucleus for re-formation of the old line. I waited until my front was clear of all the broken fragments of our troops, then directed Colonel Mallon to make his men stand up, fire a volley by the rear and front rank in succession, then to face about and regain the old line on the double-quick, meaning thereby the old line of the Third Corps, directly in our rear, then to halt, face about again and wait for me. After Mallon had well left the field, I ordered my men to rise and fire a volley, also by the front and rear flank. These successive volleys checked, to a considerable extent, the enemy's advance in our immediate front and gave me opportunity to face my men to the rear arid move them toward the old line at ordinary quick time, but the enemy was so near that I was able to bring in with me several prisoners. In this connection, I wish to state that I have always felt that it was due to the regiment that I commanded that special mention should be made of AFTER THE BATTLE. 253 their conduct, under circumstances the most trying to soldiers. Their backs were to the foe, the enemy was close upon them, using canister upon us. (I lost a large percentage of my men, shot in the back.) I was between them and the enemy, directing their movements, and their fine never wavered but once, when the fire on my right flank was too heavy for men to bear. But one single command from my lips and they moved as steadily as before, until we met the front fine of the Fifth Corps coming up most opportunely to the rescue of the situation, when we passed through, halted and again faced to the front by the side of Mallon's Forty-Second New York. I consider no men could have been put to a severer test of true courage, thorough discipline and absolute confidence in themselves and their officers, and this regiment should receive credit for it. I marched them back in this order, unable to tell how Mallon had reached the old ground, totally unaware of the arrival of the Fifth Corps, and not know ing but that I might find myself ^with the only organized force on the field at that point — believing it my duty to sacrifice all of us, if necessary, to secure that end. After nightfall the two regiments marched back to the position they had left the afternoon previous, but finding the gap filled in the front line, took position in the rear of Rorty's battery, the most convenient place for use in case of need. During the next forenoon our lines at that point were notfengaged. About 1 o'clock in the afternoon General Lee opened with his artillery, which we noticed he had been massing so as to bring a concentric fire on that portion of our Une. For two hours the cannonade was incessant, and we knew, of course, that it was to be followed by an infantry assault. All the infantry were lying down and suffered comparatively little from the enemy's fire, but our batteries suffered severely. Rorty's battery, behind which I lay, lost all of its officers and many men, and for the last hour of the cannonade I manned the battery with men from my own regiment, bringing ammunition from the caissons and furnishing all the help possible from the infantry troops. After cessation of the cannonade, and with a clump of small oaks as the objective point, General Pickett's Division, as was afterward ascertained, was pushed forward to capture that point, then held by General Alex. S. Webb and Colonel N. J. Hall. Both were forced back and our line cut in two. There were no troops to support the single frorft line except myself. Unable to do anything actively because of our troops in front, and re ceiving no order, but watching an opportunity to be of service, I was about to move when General Hancock came riding up, as he always did when the commander's presence was needed, and as he rushed past the left of our line I halted him, and pointed out how completely our line was broken at that point, and asked permission to put my troops in there. I was told to "get in quick." Colonel Mallon was near me, and I ordered him to put his regiment in on the double-quick, and put my own 254 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. regiment instantly in motion, and side by side the two regiments went up and filled the gap. The head of Pickett's column was just breaking through the little oak grove. We were just in time to meet them, and became in this way the only force directly in their front. Both lines were stopped and the question was which could make an advance. The two lines stood and fired into each other, at a distance (which I carefully measured after the fight) of a little short of fifteen paces. Being able to stop their direct advance, General Webb and Colonel Hall were able to rally their men, assisted by General Alex. Hayes on the right, Harrow, Stannard and other troops from Newton 's command on the left. Our troops made a ,rush forward, and it seemed as if what remained of the enemy almost • multaneously threw down their arms, begged for quarter, and poured through our ranks, glad to be taken prisoners. During the fight at this point I captured with my regiment alone, four colors, which were handed to me before the firing ceased. These were the flags of the Fifty-Seventh, Fifty-Third, Fourteenth and Nineteenth Virginia regiments. One of the standards was captured in this way : the color bearer of my regiment, carrying the Massachusetts State Colors, knocked down with his color staff, the color bearer in the enemy's line, and took it from the hands of the enemy's color bearer. After the surrender of the enemy, our men were in great confusion, the various regiments so intermingled that it was impossible to reform in separate regimental organizations, but as the enemy showed the head of a fresh column (Anderson's division), it was necessary to re-form at once along our old line. From the gap, directly in front of this little grove, between the stone fence on the right and the rail fence on the left, I was trusted with that duty and placed the men- in line irrespective of their regimental connection, my orders to that effect being cheerfully obeyed by officers and men. In reference to the capture of four stands of colors by my regiment, I believe it to be true that the colors of one of the regiments, which were handed by Gen. Alex. S. Webb to one of my men, who in turn handed them to me, were captured by the Seventy-Second Pennsylvania, and the credit belongs to them. After this the Nineteenth Massachusetts and the Forty-Second New York came under the direct command of Colonel N. J. Hall, the brigade commander. We again marched with the Second Corps through Frederick City to Williamsport and Falling Waters, where we were the supporting force to Kilpatrick's cavalry when he captured, at that point, the enemy's battery, their rear guard in crossing the river, the infantry not being en gaged, i Very respectfully submitted, A. F. Devereux, Late Colonel 19th Massachusetts Vol. Inf. Brevet Brigadier General. CHAPTER XXXII. IN PURSUIT OF LEE. IN CAMP AT MORRISVILLE. On the Fourth of July the regiment remained all day in line of battle, patiently waiting for a renewal of the fighting but it did not materialize. The night passed drearily enough, and on the morning of the fifth several details were occupied in burying the dead. The Nineteenth Massachusetts, First Minnesota and Seventh Michigan were sent out as skirmishers. They pressed forward, entered the rebel works on Seminary Ridge and found that the "bird" had flown. They returned and reported this fact. Within an hour, the Fifth and Sixth Corps were sent away in pursuit of Lee. The Eleventh and Twelfth followed in the afternoon and on the morning of July 6 the southward march of the Second Corps began, by way of the Taneytown Road. As the regiment filed out of the field at Gettysburg it was halted and an order from the President was read, announcing the fall of Vicksburg. The news was received with cheers and the men marched on with lighter hearts, feeling that the year of 1863 promised some decisive results in the prosecution of the war. That night was spent at Two Taverns and on the 7th march was resumed to Taneytown. Frederick City was reached on the 8th, Burkittsville on the 9th, and at noon on the 10th of July the regiment arrived at Williamsport, where, after a few hours rest, the men were marched about two miles in the direc tion of Hagerstown, and formed in line to the right of the road to repel an expected attack of the enemy. It remained all night under arms and in the morning moved across the road toward (255) 256 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Williamsport, forming on the left of the Division line, which, during the night had moved to that point. Here it was learned that Port Hudson was in the hands of Banks. Duringthe day of the 12th, the men were engaged in throw ing up breast works, anticipating an order to attack the enemy at the dawn of the 13th, but when the daylight came, Lee had again escaped. Remaining there until daylight of the 14th, the brigade, with the First Division of the Second Corps, under command of Gen. Caldwell, and a force of cavalry, then made a reconnois sance to Falling Waters. The enemy was found entrenched in a hill across the river and a portion were captured by cavalry alone, the infantry not being engaged. The Brigade. returned to camp about 9 P.M. and the enemy continued to move south ward on the west side of the Blue Ridge. On the 15th of July a march of 27 miles was begun early in the day and at night the column encamped near Harper's Ferry. On the 16th,it marched to Pleasant Valley, remaining until the morning of the 18th when they crossed the Potomac at Berlin, marching to Hills- boro, Va., and down the East side of the Blue Ridge. On the 19th the column marched to Wood Grove, and on the 20th to Bloomfield, where they rested.- The 21st saw them under way again at 6 A.M. and they tramped to Chester Gap, where the regiment was the support for the Third Corps in the storm of Wapping Heights. During the long and rapid march, the men of the Second Corps had been compelled to experiment upon the minimum amount of rations that would keep together the soul and body of a marching soldier. To appease that natural craving for alimentary supplies, which even military discipline can but imperfectly subdue, there were many queer shifts resorted to by the men. While seated upon Wapping Heights, after they had been gallantly carried by the "Excelsior Brigade," and while each hungry soldier searched the haversack for some scraps of food which might miraculously have escaped his eye during numberless similar examinations of the past few days, one of the Nineteenth Massa" chusetts discovered a portion of a very stale and dirty adaman tine candle The poor fellow surveyed the unsavory article and IN PURSUIT OF LEE. 257 the empty haversack, innocent even of a crumb, with a coun tenance upon which appetite struggled with disgust. With a deep sigh, he placed the bag upon the ground and for a moment more contemplated that crushed and dirty candle. Appetite triumphed, and, despite the exclamations and surprise of his comrades, he devoured the luscious ( ?) morsel. He swore that it tasted good, but even when higher rank had brought renown and increased respect, he did not lose with "Ours" the nick name of "The Candle Eater." On July 22, the regiment moved to Oak Hill and on the 23rd to White Plains. Warrenton Junction was reached on the 24th and here it remained until the 29th and then marched about eight miles. On July 30, Morrisville, near Kelley's Ford, was reached, and camp was pitched for a protracted stay. The regimental return, dated July 31, 1863, at this point reads: Col. A. F. Devereux, on detached service, after conscripts in Massachusetts. Lieut. Col. Ansel D. Wass, absent in Massachusetts on surgeon's certificate, until Aug. 5. Wounded July 3. Adjt. William A. Hill, on detached service after conscripts in Massachusetts. Co. A. Capt. Isaac H. Boyd, on detached service, after con scripts in Massachusetts. Co. B. Capt. Henry A. Hale, on detached service, Acting Asst. Inspector General 2nd Brigade, 2nd Corps, 2nd Division. Second Lieut. Moses Shackley, in command Co. B, sick. Co. C. Capt. William L. Palmer, absent in Massachusetts, wounded July 3. First Lieutenant Thomas F. Winthrop, on special duty, Acting Quartermaster, — transferred from Co. E. Co. D. Capt. Moncena Dunn, on detached service, A. A. Q.M. reserve artillery brigade, Second Corps. First Lieutenant David T. Chubbuck, absent in Massachusetts on surgeon's certificate until Aug. 16. Wounded July 3. 258 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Second Lieutenant William E. Barrows, on detached service, A. A. D. C. Third Brigade, Second Divi sion, Second Corps. Co. F. Capt. Edmund Rice, formerly reported as Major, but never having been mustered, is ordered to be reported in his former position. Wounded July 3, absent in Massachusetts. Report corrected and mustered as Major in September, 1863. First Lieut. William Stone, wounded July 3. Second Lieut. John J. Ferris, wounded July 3. Co. E. First Lieut. John P. Reynolds, Jr., previously re ported as captain, but having never been mustered, has been ordered reported in his former position. Absent in Massachusetts. Wounded Sept. 17, 1862. Second Lieut. Ephraim Hall, on special duty, acting adjutant. Co. H. Capt. J. G. C. Dodge, absent in Massachusetts, wounded July 3rd. Co. I. Capt. Jonathan F. Plympton,in command of regiment. First Lieut. J. G. B. Adams, absent in Massachusetts, wounded July 2. Co. K. First Lieut. Lysander J. Hume, on detached service, in Provost Marshal's department, Philadelphia. Second Lieut. Charles L. Merrill, absent in General Hospital, Georgetown, sick. Asst. Surgeon William D. Knapp, absent on surgeon's certificate since July 24. Capt. Andrew Mahoney, on account of wounds, trans ferred to Invalid Corps by S. O. 166, Head quarters Second Corps, July 19, 1863. Capt. James H. Rice, discharged on account of wounds. S. O. 305, War Department, A.G.O., July 10, 1863. First Lieut. Oliver F. Briggs, discharged S.O. 302, War Dept. A. G. O., July 8, 1863. First Lieut. Herman Donath, killed in action, July 3. Second Lieut. Sherman S. Robinson, killed in action July 3, 1863. IN PURSUIT OF LEE. 259 Second Lieut. Joseph W. Snellen, previously reported as Second Lieutenant, commissioned, but refused muster. Second Lieut. William F. Rice, previously reported as Second Lieutenant, commissioned, but refused muster. 142 present: Commissioned officers, 10 Enlisted men, 132 absent: Commissioned officers, 20 Enlisted men, 212 232 present and absent: Commissioned officers, 30 Enlisted men, 344 374 ALTERATIONS SINCE LAST RETURN: gain: Commissioned officers, by transfer 1 by order 3 Enlisted men, by order 3 from desertion, 3 10 Aggregate, loss: Commissioned officers, resigned or disbanded, 2 transferred, 2 by order, 5 Died in action, 2 11 Enlisted men, Transferred by order, 3 Died in action or wounds, 9 Missing in action, 5 Deserted, 15 32 Aggregate, 53 Wounded in action, 60 Recruits required, 640 260 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. The long march of 700 miles had been very tiresome. The clothing and equipments of the Army demanded renewal, the many sick of heat and fatigue demanded restoring rest, the shattered commands needed reinforcements before they could again face the army of Lee, already reinforced with a sufficient number to nearly make good his losses. The men remained in camp near Morrisville through the month of August and the work of re-organization and repair went on. The middle of September found the Army of the Potomac stronger in numbers than at Gettysburg and nearly as well equipped. The apparent strength of the reinforcements needed, however, a large deduction from the fact that a great proportion of them were the product of the draft or were substitutes. The Nineteenth Massachusetts received 216 substitutes of this class on August 16th. At that time its ranks had been swelled by the returns from the hospital and other sources to 80 veterans. This lot of recruits that arrived in August contained many good and patriotic men, who deserved and won the confidence and love of their veteran comrades. While the regiment lay in camp at Morrisville, Col. Dev ereux being still on detached service, it was under the command of Capt. J. F. Plympton. This gallant, but aged officer, had, from the outbreak of the war to this time, kept up with the youngest and most vigorous officer in the discharge of every active and laborious duty. His health was now fast breaking down, however, under the hardships and labor so unsuitable to his years and he was soon compelled, from this cause, and with great reluctance, to retire from the service. Here also Lieut. Charles L. Merrill was driven, from the effects of his wound (received while saving from capture the colors of the regiment at Fredericksburg) to retire from active service with the regiment and accept a commission in the Veteran Reserve Corps, in which he remained until the close of the war. Lieut. William Stone also retired to accept a commission in the Veteran Reserve Corps and Lieut. Col. Ansel D. Wass IN PURSUIT OF LEE. 261 returned to duty with the regiment on August 28, at once assum ing command. The regimental return for August, 1863, showed the follow ing: Col. A. F. Devereux, on detached service Long Island, Boston Harbor, S. O. 171, Headquarters, 2nd Corps, July 27, 1863. Lieut. Col. Ansell D. Wass, returned to duty Aug. 26, in command of regiment. Major Edmund Rice, absent in Massachusetts, wounded, July 3rd. Adjt. William A. Hill, on detached service, Long Island, Boston Harbor, S. O. 171, July 27, 1863. Co. A. Capt. Isaac H. Boyd, on detached service Long Island, Boston Harbor, S. O. 171, 2nd Corps, ' . July 27. Second Lieut. Warner M. Tilton, absent sick, 2nd Div. General Hospital. Co. B. Capt. H. A. Hale, on detached service, A. A. Insp. Gen., 1st Brig. 2nd Div., 2nd Corps, S. O. 60, March 15, 1863. First Lieut. Elisha A. Hinks, on detached service, A. D. C. to Brig. Gen. E. W. Hinks. Second Lieut. Moses Shackley, in command Co. B. Co. C. Capt. William L. Palmer, absent in Massachusetts, wounded July 3, S. C, extended to Sept. 3. First Lieut. Thomas F. Winthrop, on special duty, acting quartermaster. Co. D. Capt. Moncena Dunn, on detached service, A. A.Q.M. artillery brigade, 2nd Corps. First Lieut. David F. Chubbuck, in command Co. D. Second Lieut. William E. Barrows, on detached service, A.A.D.C. 3d Brig. 2nd Div. 2nd Corps. Co. E. First Lieut. John P. Reynolds, Jr., absent in Massa chusetts, wounded at Antietam, S. C. extends to Aug. 29, 1863, Second Lieut. E. A. Hall, Acting Adjutant. 262 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Second Lieut. John J. Ferris, in command Co. F. Co. G. Capt. C. M. Merritt, on detached service, at General Martindale's headquarters, Washington. First Lieut. Dudley C. Mumford, in command Co. G. Co. H. Second Lieut. Charles S. Palmer, in command Co. H. Co. I. Capt. Jonathan F. Plympton, performing duties of field officer. First Lieut. J. G. B. Adams, absent wounded in Massachusetts. First Lieut. William Stone, transferred to Invalid Corps, S. O. 173, Headquarters Second Corps, July 28, 1863. gain: By conscripts from depot, . . . .163 loss: 6 Recruits required to fill quota, . . . 497 DIED AS RESULT OF WOUNDS RECEIVED IN ACTION: Co. B. Private William H. Bean, Antietam. Co. E. Corporal Charles A. Johnson, in Gen. Hospital, West Philadelphia, Aug. 21 . 1863. Co. H. Private Thomas Bridges, Antietam. Corporal Benjamin H. Atkins, Jr., Gettysburg, July 3- Private Jeremiah Y. Wells, Gettysburg, July 14. Co. I. Private George P. Ham, in McDougal Hospital, For* Schuyler, August 21, 1863. On August 31, the Nineteenth Massachusetts regiment formed the advance of a reconnoissance by the Second Corps to near Falmouth, relieving the cavalry at that point that they might be enabled to capture the gunboats Reliance and Satellite, then in the Rappahannock near, its mouth. The regiment was absent on this duty for three days and then returned to its camp at Mor risville, where many of its members rejoined it, having returned from hospitals and detached service. CHAPTER XXXIII. THE ADVANCE TO CULPEPPER AND BEALTON. The Nineteenth regiment left Morrisville on September 12th with the Second Corns, which marched in support of Bu- ford's cavalry in the advance to Culpepper. ?"September 12, 1863. The day is very sultry and hot. Can just breathe. Many are falling out. A number have fainted and fallen in their tracks. The mules are falling dead along the line of march. In the afternoon a heavy thunderstorm came up, drenching us to the skin, which greatly refreshed us. Camped at night in the woods. Heavy showers all night, making it very uncomfortable for us, but we must take it as it comes. ' ' This march was not long or rapid, but it was, perhaps, the most distressful ever made by the Second Corps. In the shade of large trees the temperature rose in the forenoon to 106 degrees. The sun beat upon the troops with terrible power and during the march of eight miles not less than one-third of the command fell by the way-side, overpowered by the extreme heat. The shower, however, proved a blessing to all, and the march was continued to . Bealton Station, on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, a point which few would have reached but for. that refreshing shower. The command halted at Bealton Station for the night and all but a few of the stragglers, restored by the same cool shower, rejoined it. Here it was learned that Chamberlain, with the Maine Brigade, had, at noon, by a most gallant charge, carried Lee's works at Rappahannock Station and now held the line of the river. On the following day, Sept. 13, the corps crossed the north fork of the Rappahannock at Kelley's Ford on a pontoon bridge * This and other similar quotations which follow are extracts from a diary written by Lieut. Joseph E. Hodgkins, of Co. K. (263) 264 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. and camped a little north of Culpepper. Here the cavalry and artillery had a short engagement with the enemy, capturing two guns and a number of prisoners. On the 15th. the march was resumed, the regiment moving through the town and pitching camp until the 16th. On that day it reached the Rapidan River, near Raccoon Ford, where pickets were established on the North bank, relieving cavalry which went to the rear. The rebel pickets were on the opposite bank within pistol range and shots were frequently exchanged. Camp was pitched a short distance from the river and here the Corps remained until the 30th of September. During this time one half of the Corps was constantly on picket duty on the north bank. Nothing but the brawling current of the narrow stream (at that season perhaps 20 yards wide and 2 feet deep) at any time separated the two armies. "September 18, 1863. All the privates, except the cook, sent out on picket." "September 19, 1863. Non-commissioned officers sent out on picket. The rebs are just across the river, within speaking distance. The pickets frequently cross and exchange papers, etc. ' ' "September 21, 1863. Ordered to turn out at daylight, and remain under arms until sunrise, every morning." The regimental return for September, 1863, is as follows: Col. Devereux, still on detached service, Boston harbor- Lieut. Col. Wass, in command 3d Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Corps. Major Edmund Rice, in command of regiment. Co. C. Second Lieut. Joseph W. Snellen, promoted from Commissary Sergeant, to date July 16, 1863. Co. E. Capt. John P. Reynolds, Jr., returned Sept. 1, and musteredas captain to date Feb. 27th. Co. F. Capt. Chas. M. Merritt, on detached service, General Martindale's headquarters, Washington. Trans ferred from Co. G to Co. A, as First Lieutenant on account of non-muster. Mustered as Captain by order Sec'y of War to date Nov. 1, 1861, and trans ferred from Co. A to Co. F, Sept. 26, 1863. Second Lieut. John J. Ferris, in command Co. F. THE ADVANCE TO CULPEPPER AND BEALTON. 265 Co. G. First. Lieut Dudley C. Mumford, in command of company. Asst. Surg. W. D. Knapp, returned to duty Sept. 25, 1863, from hospital. Second Lieut. Charles L. Merrill, transferred to Invalid Corps, S. O. 202, Headquarters Second Corps, Aug. 30. John Y. Small, private, Co. A, promoted to Com missary Sergeant, Sept. 25, 1863, at Raccoon Ford, vice Snelling, promoted to Second Lieutenant. Private Adolph Mahnitz, Co. B, returned at Morris ville, Va., Sept. 6, from prisoner of war, captured July 1, at Taneytown, Md. Private John Doherty, Co. E., prisoner of war. On September 30, the Nineteenth regiment was withdrawn from the front and posted at Mitchell's Station on the railroad to protect the corps train. This was an excellent camping place. It was near Cedar Run, a small river, and there was an opportu nity to bathe and wash clothes. Save the occasional shot of a picket, nothing disturbed the general quiet until October 11, when the regiment was ordered to fall in and begin a rapid march northward. The rest of the Second Corps had been relieved by the Sixth Corps on October 5 and had returned to Culpepper, en camping near the town. Here it remained until the 11th, when the entire army was withdrawn to the North bank of the Rappa hannock. At daylight on the 11th, the regiment recrossed the river, rejoined the Second Corps and halted at Rappahannock Station. During the day it lay quietly in bivouack, while other troops went hurrying North. It was here erroneously reported that Lee had begun his march upon Culpepper. As a result of this report, early in the morning of October 12, the Second, Fifth and Sixth Corps and Buford's Cavalry re-crossed the river and deployed upon the magnificent plain stretching from the southern bank to and around Brandy Station, advanced in the full "pomp and circumstance of war" to find and strike the enemy, if at Culpepper. 266 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Lee, deceived into the belief that Meade, by breaking his communication with the capitol had begun a bold movement upon Richmond, gave evidence before night that his columns, recalled from their northern march, were hurrying to throw themselves in front of the Second and Fifth Corps. At dark these corps had gone into camp upon the wide plain. Fires were built, as usual, and nothing more than an intent to remain and in the morning to renew the advance, was discernable. About 9 P.M. details were made to keep up the fires until midnight and in the deepest silence the two corps moved hurriedly to the North. At 11 o'clock they had re-crossed the river, and through the night, side by side along the railroad, the two columns pushed their rapid march. After sunrise the Second Corps halted at Borden's House for rest and breakfast. In an hour the march was resumed. Hour after hour, the tired troops hurried forward, until at 3 P.M. once more they halted, this time at Catlett's Station. There was no food to be had and while the men were resting here Gen. Meade and his staff rode through the ranks and was loudly saluted by the hungry boys in a good natured way with cries of ' ' Pork' ' and ' ' Hard Tack. ' ' The regiment had marched twenty miles that day, over a very muddy road across which many trees had been felled. Many groups of prisoners, on their way to the rear, were passed. Gen. Francis A. Walker in his "History of the Second Corps," says: "The Second Corps, which had marched from near Culpepper to Bealton on the 11th, and on the 12th had marched from Bealton to Brandy Station, again took the route for Bealton, at 11 o'clock that night. "As the column approached Bealton there was heard what seemed to be a rapid and persistent fire of skirmishers, and the troops, who had "caught on" to the general situation, at once concluded that Lee had gained our rear and that another battle of the John Pope order was imminent. On arriving at Bealton, however, it was found that the noise was occasioned by the destruction of a large amount of small arms ammunition, ordered by some over zealous subordinate. ' ' The troops were tired enough to sleep at Bealton, but the THE ADVANCE TO CULPEPPER AND BEALTON. 267 time was not come for rest, and indeed, the movement upon which the Second Corps had entered was to be the most arduous in its history." Pushing northward to the support of Gregg, and marching all night, Fayetteville was reached about 6 o'clock in the morning and the troops were told to get their breakfast. ' ' The halt made the evening before, ' ' says General Warren in his official report, "but little more than sufficed for the estab lishment of the sentinels, preparation of meals, etc., so that sleep had scarcely closed the eyes of one of the command since they awoke on the morning of the 12th." "After only three quarters of an hour, however, the order to "Fall In" was heard, and the tired men, who had scarcely been allowed to prepare coffee, were again summoned to the route. The day's march was long and wearisome; the distance was not great, but such were the delays and interruptions, due to the presence of the Third Corps on the road in front, and the neces sity of guarding continually against attacks on our left flank, that it was not until 9 o'clock in the evening that the corps bivouacked on the south side of Cedar Run, not far from the little village of Auburn. Thus ended the 13th of October." The fourteenth day of October was a memorable one in the history of the Nineteenth regiment, as well as of the whole corps. Before four o'clock in the morning, the corps started, as rear guard of the retreating army and crossed Cedar Run in a heavy fog at Auburn, which is described by Stewart's biographer as "a little hamlet consisting of the residence of Stephen McCor- mick, a post office and a blacksmith's shop. ' ' Ewell was closely pressing the rear and left of the corps as it made the crossing, and Job Stewart, who had been caught the day before between two corps of the army and had remained hidden in a thick pine wood during the night, opened with artillery on the larger part of the first division which was massed on a hill back of Auburn; the re mainder, Brook's brigade, being thrown out to the front, covered the route to Greenwich, from which direction the rebels were making a heavy pressure, while Carroll's brigade was helping Gregg's cavalry hold them back on the southerly side of the run, in the direction of Warrenton. 268 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. This fire from Stewart, coming as it did from the rear," on .the road to Catlett's- Station, over which the corps must pass to Centreville, its objective point, was a genuine surprise and threw the men of the First Division on the hill into momentary confusion, as it was well directed and rapid. A heavy fog enveloped the country, consequently the operations of the rebels were veiled from view of the Division commanders. At this time the Third Division was moving down the Cat lett's Station road, followed by the Second, which was then cross ing the difficult ford of Auburn. A brigade of the Third Division immediately threw out skirmishers and formed line of battle, which, with the help of artillery, soon had Stewart in full retreat down the Catlett's Station road, which was soon clear of the enemy. While this was going on there was considerable excitement, for it was not known exactly where the enemy were. The can non shot coming from every direction seemed to indicate that the rebels held every avenue of escape, but with the retirement -^of Stewart, the road to Catlett's was opened and over this tru° Second Division took the advance. The Third Division lay in line of battle until the Second had passed and then followed. "Everyone was perfectly well disposed to march," says Warren, "and there was, for the once, no complaint as to the pace set by the head of the column." - The First Division still held its position. Gen. Walker mentions; the following incident as taking place at this time. "A powerful battery, supposed to be Jones' battalion of sixteen pieces, among them some 20- pounders, opened from the direction of Warrenton and even further to the South, gallantly replied to by Arnold's "A," First Rhode Island which, having been in action against Stewart, had literally executed the order, — seldom, if ever heard except on the drill ground, — "Fire to the rear! Limbers and caissons, pass your pieces." The shells of still another Confederate battery, which had got around upon the Greenwich road, flew in a direction exactly opposite to that taken by the shells leaving Stewart's staff." It was said by Major McClellan, of Stewart's staff that shots from Stewart's guns passed clear over the Union troops and fell among the advancing lines of Ewell, on the other THE ADVANCE TO CULPEPPER AND BEATON. 269 side, actually checking their advance. This shows how closely the corps was invested at this time. On arrival at Catlett's the division halted until the First was able to get away from the enemy and join them. Thus far the Nineteenth regiment had met no loss, although several times under fire. The regiments had started out on the 1 2th with boxes full of ammunition and twenty rounds in knapsacks, with five days rations on the person in addition to their ordinary equip ment. Gen. Walker says : ' ' All the diminution that had occurred in their heavy burden being in the hard tack and salt pork eaten at two or three short halts or gnawed or nibbled on the march. ' ' On the arrival of the First Division, the line of march was taken up for Bristoe Station; the Second Division, commanded by Gen. Webb, with two batteries of artillery, taking the north westerly side of the railroad; the Third Division, under Gen. Alexander Hayes, taking the south-easterly side, and the First Division, under Caldwell as rear guard. Col. Mallon commanded the third brigade of the Second Division, in which was the Nine teenth, commanded by Col. Wass. The column moved rapidly on, every man intent on getting as far ahead as possible. There was no voluntary straggling. Of the battle at Bristoe Station, First Sergt. Milton Ells worth of Co. C, says: "The 59th New York, of our brigade, was deployed on the left as flankers, to watch for the rebels, who were expected to appear at any time. When the column crossed Kettle's Run, the flankers were drawn in and did not go out again after crossing, probably thinking it unnecessary.' After marching quietly along for some time, with our left flank thus unguarded, I saw some men marching along, dressed in blue, where our flankers should have been. Knowing that we had none out, I at once suspected them of being rebel skirmishers, disguised as Union men. I called the company commander's attention to them, asking who he thought they were. He said "Flankers." I said that these were drawn in when we crosssed the stream. He acknowledged that this was so and, looking back, saw the 59th NeV York following. At this moment an aide of Gen. Webb's staff was passing 270 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. and his attention was called to the strangers. He supposed that they were the 59th New York, but on learning that it was in column, he immediately reported the matter to the general, who ordered that the 59th New York be at once sent out; de ploying as skirmishers, it advanced up the hill toward the stran gers, who at once showed their true colors byimmediately halting, facing to the right and commencing firing; the 59th continued to advance, answering the enemy's fire until it came too strong for it to cope with by appearing over the hill in line of battle. The Nineteenth then fell back slowly, firing as it came. They were at a point where the railroad embankment was about three feet high and at once crossed, by order of Major Rice, who took command when Col. Wass was wounded, to use it as a breastwork, directing the colors to keep down and out of sight. The rebels moved down the hill. We lay quietly, having the greatest confidence in our ability to take care of them, until they came very near to us, when we arose and emptied our guns in their faces and cheered and charged over the road. This was rather more than was expected; they were taken by surprise and many surrendered and some broke and ran. We followed them up the hill, capturing one field officer and several|line offi cers and all the men (450 in all) except a few who went over the hill to their reserve. " — The rebels had exposed one battery of five pieces in front of the wood and upon this the Second Division concentrated its fire. After the capture of the prisoners, the Major sent out companies K and E as skirmishers and Lieutenant John B. Thompson, who had command of the two left flank com panies of the Nineteenth, not wishing to weaken his line, allowed Sergeants Corrigan and Maloney and private Johnson, all of Co. E, to advance to the pieces. They destroyed one gun and brought in two and a limber and four horses Men were at once furnished from the First Minnesota and Andrew Sharp shooters', who brought in the other two pieces. Sergeant Corri gan limbered up one of those taken by the Nineteenth, mounted the saddle leader and drove it in triumph down the field and over the railroad track with a bump into the lines, amid a shower of balls from the enemy and a storm of cheers from his com- THE ADVANCE TO CULPEPPER AND BEATON. 271 rades. The conduct of the men in this spirited affair was excel lent and that of the recruits particularly so, as this was their first engagement. The casualties were: Lieutenant Colonel Ansel D. Wass, commanding the brigade, wounded slightly at the opening of the engagement. Captain J. F. PlymptonandLieutenantW. F. Rice, wounded in scalp. Lieutenant John J. Ferris, wounded slightly in the ear. Sergeant Dunbar Ross, Co. D, severely wounded in the head,— since died. Hill's loss was enormously disproportionate to the forces engaged.* The strength of the regiment in this engagement was but 190 officers and men. Colonel Mallon of the Forty-Second New York, commanding the brigade, had been killed early in the action and the command of the brigade devolved upon Lieut, Col. Wass, of the Nineteenth Massachusetts. In relating the incidents of the battle, General Walker says: ," And soon four hundred and sixty prisoners, with two colors, are brought from under the very noses of the supporting brigades of Davis and Walker, while five of Poague's guns are drawn across the track by the rollicking skirmishers, each piece bestridden by a crowing 'Yank,' and so 'first blood' and 'first knock down' are awarded to the Second Corps. It was at the time related that these men, brought into the line of the Second Division, recognized their old antagonists of Gettys burg, and on seeing the white trefoil of their captors, exclaimed "Those damned white clubs again." * The loss of the enemy in front of the regiment was greater than the total number of men in the Nineteenth. CHAPTER XXXIV. BATTLE OF BRISTOE STATION. IN CAMP AT WARRENTON. MOVEMENT TO THE RAPIDAN. The corps lay in position behind the embankment until after dark, expecting an attack from the enemy who were sup posed to be in force near, but earnestly hoping that they should keep away, being satisfied with the day's work and longing for night to come. Although the men in the ranks did not know the real extent of the danger, they could see by the constant hurrying about of staff officers, trying to strengthen the weak points along the line, and the anxious uneasy manner of the general officers, that something serious was about to happen. At nine o'clock in the evening, the order came to march, a staff officer bringing the command to each regimental com mander, with the injunction that no word of command was to be given above a whisper, and each man was to keep his hand on his canteen and dipper to keep them from rattling. The command to inarch, with the cautionary instructions, was passed down the line in whispers, and the men stole silently away, along the front of the enemy, whose many camp fires were plainly visible and whose voices could be heard on every passing breeze; the groans of the wounded rebels lying between the lines were occasionally heard; no word was spoken above a whisper, and few at that; the noises usually incident to the moving of large bodies of troops could not be heard, only the ceaseless and almost inaudible shuffling of many feet as the regiments followed each other to and across Broad Run, after which crossing they felt that they were out of a trap and marched in a more natural manner until about 4 o'clock in the morning, (272) BATTLE OF BRISTOE STATION. 273 when they bivouacked near Blackburn's Ford on the Bull Run Creek. A temporary halt was made at Blackburn's Ford and then the march was resumed for a short distance toward Centreville where the regiment occupied some deserted earthworks on the position occupied by the Union troops in the first Bull Run Battle. Lee, having been foiled in the object of his grand march, began his retreat toward the Rapidan, and on October 19th, the regiment again started South toward the position it had abandoned seven days before. The march was very slow, to keep pace with the reparation of the railroad which had been destroyed by the enemy. The men had traversed the roads so often that they began to seem like old acquaintances. The first night was spent in a bivouac at Bristoe Station. On the following day the line moved to Gainesville, then to Greenwich and then to Auburn, no rebels being encountered. This march was over some of the worst roads in Virginia. Dur ing the day the men forded five streams, three of them knee deep, and for a portion of the day they did not get an opportu nity to remove the water from their boots. The battlefield of John Pope and of the first Bull Run was passed over and many relics of Pope's battle were seen in the numerous skulls lying grinning above the ground and portions of skeletons protruding from shallow graves. There were no means of telling those of friends from those of foes, as it was only occasionally that there was seen a slab, with a name upon it, imperfectly and hastily scrawled, to tell whose bones were thus left to bleach in a strange land. These were sad reminders of the havoc of war but they were passed without a sentimental thought, although each man knew that the advent of another autumn might find his bones whitening on some field far from home. They took no thought, however, of future possibilities, borrowed no trouble and con tentedly trudged along. During the 21st and 22nd of October the regiment re mained at Auburn, and here the mails were received, the first for over a fortnight. On October 23 the regiment was moved to near the rail- 274 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. road, about half way between Warrenton and Warrenton Junc tion. Two weeks were spent here. The camp was pitched on a high hill, somewhat resembling Bolivar Heights and over looking the railroad. It was very cold here and the men kept huddled up in the tents, wrapped in blankets, but could not keep warm. Many recruits were received and here was wit nessed the scene of ' ' drumming out of the service" two deserters. There was a road in front of the camps, over which the proces sion passed in making the tour of the camps. This procession was made up as follows: first came the commander of the squad, then drummers and fifers playing the "Rogue's March," then came a file of soldiers with muskets reversed and bayonets fixed, followed by the two prisoners with their right hips bared, on which were branded the letter " D ", signifying deserter, then a file of soldiers at charge bayonets, all being followed by a small crowd of soldiers. The small boy, usually seen following an arrested man on the way to the station house, or in numerous attendance at street fights in large towns and cities, was not present. On the 7th of November, camp was broken at daylight and the regiment marched through Warrenton Junction, Bealton and Morrisville, halting at night at Kelley's Ford on the Rappa hannock. On the following morning it marched across the river. The enemy had evidently contemplated staying all winter on this line as many comfortable huts were passed and in many other ways they were seen to have been well provided for. In several of the huts, which were built entirely of logs, half barrels filled with persimmons, in a state of fermentation, were found. These were presumably to make beer of, but the few who tasted it did not care for more. Companies C and E were employed as skirmishers and moved carefully on until the deserted camp of the rebels was found, about a mile from the river. There again were evidences of their intention to winter in that position, many substantial log houses having been built and more were in the state of con struction. When the regiment came up the skirmishers re joined it and the march was continued for three or four miles when the skirmishers were again sent out and advanced into BATTLE OF BRISTOE STATION. 275 the woods, where they halted and remained all night as pickets, the regiment going into camp at the edge of the woods. One day was spent at this point and then a march of five miles was made to Berry Hill, near Cole's Hill, within a mile or two of Brandy Station, where camp was established. Between the camps and the hill was a creek, along which was posted the picket line. A signal post was established on top of the hill and it was in communication with the cavalry outposts at Stephen- burg. Here some ingenious "Yank" invented a new kind of food which was quite popular with the boys for a time. It was pre pared by pounding hard bread to a flour — made by placing two or three crackers in a haversack bag, placing it on a log or rock and pounding it with a stick, — the flour thus obtained was mixed with sweetened water into a stiff dough, then made into round cakes and fried. They were given the name of "McClel lan Cakes." "November 16, 1863. General inspection with knapsacks, haver sacks, etc. "November 18, 1863. On division and corps drill and review. "November 21, 1863. Rained all day. Laid abed nearly all the time, as we have nothing but shelter tents with both ends open and it is cold and uncomfortable." On the 24th, the camp was broken, but as it rained so heavily the regiment became stuck in the mud after a march of half a mile and was compelled to return to camp. The next start was made on the 26th, when the movement to the Rapidan began, — the last movement of an eventful year. The regiment marched to Germania Ford on the Rapidan and, after some delay, crossed without opposition. Here were found extensive earthworks which the rebels had evacuated. After resting for a short time, -the tramp was resumed to near Flat Run church about three miles from the river and bivouac was made for the night. On the 27th (Thanksgiving Day) march was resumed by the brigade at sunrise and continued until 10 A.M., when-firing was heard at the front and a halt was made. Soon, however, the line moved forward again, with the Nineteenth on the righ 276 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. of the brigade, and part of the time passing through the woods on the right of the road. The firing in front increased. Soon the open ground was reached near Robertson's Tavern, which was entered on the double quick. Occasional shells passed over and a line of battle was formed on the crest of a ridge to support a battery there. It was greeted with minie ballswhich continued to come for some hours, more or less thickly. They did little harm, however, being aimed too high, but the experience was a trying one upon the nerves. Com panies K and E, Lieutenants Thompson and Hall commanding, were advanced as skirmishers for the brigade front. The two companies, loaded with knapsacks, etc. went in on the double quick. Many of the men were nearly exhausted but they drove the enemy across a field and into a wood, in the edge of which they made a stand. The two companies of skirmishers then took a position under the brow of a hill and lay down, all the_ while keeping up a brisk fire. The enemy made many attempts to break through the line, but were repulsed every time. Just before dark they opened a brisk fire upon the skirmishers, who held their ground.. The Orderly Sergeant, Thomas P. Manning, was killed, and one man was wounded. At dark the line of skirmishers was advanced nearly to the wood and received but three shots, which injured no one. At half past nine they were relieved, having been out ten hours. When these two companies, K and E, were advanced in the morning, the rest of the regiment was ordered to the right to support the skirmish line of the 72nd Pennsylvania Volunteers whose whole field force was deployed. Companies H and G were here deployed to close a gap in the above mentioned line, connecting with it on both flanks; the balance of the regiment being in reserve, where it remained all night. Sometime after dark Companies K and E rejoined the regiment. This was the last engagement of the year for the Nineteenth Massachusetts, as this command was not engaged during the brief manoeuvres which followed. Sergeant Thomas P. Manning, of Co. K, was killed in the engagement and he was one of the bravest and truest soldiers BATTLE OF BRISTOE STATION. 277 in the regiment. He was a gentleman and one whose attain ments and services fitted him for high place. None of the men whom the Nineteenth had lost were more sincerely mourned, or, when living, respected and obeyed more thoroughly than he. Each private felt that he had lost a true and honest friend; each officer that he had lost a brave and loyal brother in arms. The regiment lay at Robertson's Tavern through the night, and on the afternoon of the 28th, the Corps having been re lieved by the Fifth, started on what was called "Warren's Flank March." The men of the Nineteenth were advanced as skirmishers, but few of the enemy were found, they having retreated to their works. A few shells were sent over to them, which they kindly returned, and finally the line came up with them strongly posted on a range of hills, and heavy firing began. The Nineteenth Massachusetts was relieved at 4 o'clock. Little distance was covered that night and on the 29th (Sunday) a hard march was begun at daylight. The Second Corps exchanged positions with the Fifth Corps, moving to the left. Good Hope church, on the Orange Plank Road was reached at noon. Here a short stop was made and then the regiment moved out by the Orange Plank Road, firing being kept up between the skirmishers. The Nineteenth was sent out in the afternoon to support the skirmishers. A branch of Mine Run was reached in the evening and here the men biv ouacked. The enemy's watch fires were plainly visible but a short distance away, across Mine Run Creek. It was bitterly cold and heavy overcoats were hardly sufficient protection for the pickets against the high wind which came in icy blasts across the plains. A number of pickets in the Corps froze to death upon their posts during the night. The mercury was below the freezing point and thin ice formed in the creek. The water in the canteens was solidly frozen. The men were completely tired out, having had very little sleep for several nights. At midnight the pickets were called in and the Division crossed Mine Run and formed in line of battle behind a low ridge. On the right of the Second Corps were the Third and Fifth Corps and on the left were the Sixth Corps. The move- 278 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. ment was made very quietly in the darkness, and each regiment was hardly conscious of the'presence of the other, as the line was continued to the right and left. Permission was given for the men to lie down but nothing could be unpacked and no fires whatever were allowed, not even the lighting of a match or a pipe and no loud talk or laughter could be indulged in. This state of affairs was anything but pleasant on such a cold night, and, to make matters worse, the information was given out that at 8 o'clock on the following morning the men of the Second Corps were to make an assault on the rebel works. For some reason the men had been siezed with the belief that the undertaking was to be one of unusual danger and many pinned their names to their clothing to aid in the identification in case of death. The assault formed the main topic of con versation during the remainder of the night, most of which was passed in trotting up and down in the rear of the line in a vain effort to keep warm. The men did not fear death so much, but the thought of receiving a bad wound and being left to suffer in the cold and perhaps to die upon the field was not pleasant and if they looked upon the undertaking with apprehensions and mis givings, they were certainly justified in them. The feeling that there was to be some awful slaughter in the morning was very strong among the men, so strong in fact, that many called to the little drummer boys and gave to them last messages for home and confided to them trinkets they desired should be sent to the family at home in case of their being killed, as they ex pected to be. As the hour of eight approached, a man here and there, along the line, would crawl to the top of the ridge, peep over and take a look at the works "which in a single night had been made almost if not quite impregnable to a direct assault." Shortly before eight o'clock, the Third Brigade was ad dressed by General Webb. "We are ordered to charge the enemy's works," he said, "and we must do it. Try not to break, for it will be worse if you do. I shall go in with you and the other officers will go also, and we hope we shall succeed. ' ' In front of the Second Division, fourteen guns looked angrily down upon the level plain over which its men would BATTLE OF BRISTOE STATION. 279 have to pass from a formidable redoubt surrounded by an exten sive abatis, and, — so it was rumored, — a wire fence also. There was a long line of earthworks and the rebel flags were flying as if inviting attack. There were rifle pits in front, with plenty of fires behind them and the Johnnies were seen to be moving about as they pleased. At eight o'clock, General Warren, the Corps commander, who was to conduct the assault, passed through the lines, and, walking to the top of the ridge, carefully scanned the works with his field glass. All eyes were turned upon him for he was very much liked and the men had perfect confidence, in his ability to lead them and they felt that if there was much doubt about the movement being a success, it would be abandoned. Presently he returned, mounted his horse and rode away. The report immediately spread that the general disapproved of the attempt to storm the works. It was clear to him that nearly all of the men who should be wounded in such weather would die, most of them upon the field, from the freezing of their wounds. General Meade, in company with General Warren, re-examined the ground in front and at half past eight the men were informed that the proposed assault had been abandoned. General Warren, ordered to assault at 4 A.M. had taken the responsi bility of delay until he could represent to General Meade the enormous strength of Lee's works in front, the impossibility of carrying them with any force at his disposal, and the terrible loss which must ensue. The Nineteenth Massachusetts moved a little farther into the woods and it was but a very few minutes before fires were built and the men were enjoying steaming cups of coffee and bacon broiled in the grateful heat made by the burning rails and brush-wood. During the day the top of the ridge was visited by hundreds of men and all were astonished at the amount of labor which had been done by the rebels upon their works. "December 1st, 1863. Very cold this morning. Water in canteen froze near the fire. Ordered to pack up and move at a moment 's notice. ' ' As a result of the decision of General Warren, at ten o'clock on the night of December 1st, the regiment, in heavy marching 280 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. order, faced by the rear flank and started in line across the stream, — one of the forks of which, further down, forms the Mine Run, — into and through the woods beyond. Upon emerging from these woods, the column took up the line of march by the flank over the Orange Plank Road to the Rapidan which was crossed at Culpepper Mine Ford at daylight on the morning of the 2nd and the march was continued until the old camp at Stevensburg was reached, at about 4 P.M., the men having been on the march for eighteen' hours without a halt of sufficient length to enable them to cook coffee. As they had started soon after a good meal, however, there was not so much suffering on account of the lack of food as for the lack of sleep, little of which having been had for three days and nights, since they had crossed to the south of the river. During the larger part of the night, the march was anything but steady, on account of the wagon trains ahead. The men would rush along, sometimes almost at a double-quick, for a mile or so, stumbling over the uneven planks which, being worn or loose, were continually flying up at one end and catching some poor fellow's toes, sending him sprawling in a heap of dust, his knapsack, filled with winter clothing, greatly accelerating his fall. Suddenly the column would come to a halt and every man would drop in the road, just where he stopped and in a second or two be fast asleep. In five or ten minutes, the word "For ward" would be heard, rousing up every man. Chilled through, they would stumble on again until, warmed up by the rough exercise and the heavy loads, the perspiration would start out. Then would come another halt and the men would take another chill. Thus it was, all through that long night, — sometimes reek ing with perspiration, and again -h'vering with the cold. In some places the woods were on fire and the smoke added to the general discomfiture. Through this campaign the men were in heavy marching order, the weather being so cold that everything that could be carried was needed. In one of the companies was a short, fat German who carried a tremendous load for a man of his stature. He was not satisfied with carrying one man's allowance, but gath ered up everything he could find and hitched them on to his knap- BATTLE OF BRISTOE STATION. 281 sack by contrivances of his own invention. He made a comical appearance, waddling along on his crooked legs, under his big load. Just as the regiment started across the creek at Mine Run, he made a jump and just reached the opposite bank when his overloaded knapsack overbalanced him and he went backwards into the cold water. He locked and clawed around, but his load held him down; he was like a turtle on his back; he could not turn over or get up, and squealed out: "Help! Help! Mein Gott!" Two of the boys got hold of his arms and yanked him out and he soon looked like Santa Claus, with his knapsack encrusted with ice. The enemy followed the column closely, gobbling up many stragglers. The rear guard had barely time to cross before the bridge was taken up. "December 3, 1863. I am about used up today. My shoulders and legs are lame and my feet very sore. Never since I enlisted have I been so discouraged as I am today. Here we are marching from one end of Virginia to the other, wearing ourselves out and yet nothing seems to be accomplished by it. I am willing to march and fight, but this everlasting advancing and retreating I am sick of. My God! Hasten the end of this accursed war, then we can once more enjoy the privileges and comforts of homeand 'never,never marchagain.' Received some rations today and not one moment sooner than needed. "December 5, 1864. Still in camp. Have had nothing but hard tack and beef for some time and miss our salt pork very much. ' ' CHAPTER XXXV. CAMP AT COLE'S HILL. RE-ENLISTMENT. On the 7th of the month the regiment moved to a point three and one half miles southeast of Brandy Station, on the south side of Cole's Hill and halted to await the rebuilding of the railroad which the rebels had destroyed. The men began putting up log houses, preparatory to a winter's stay in camp and many fur loughs were issued. "December 9, 1863. Commenced our houses today. Cannot get along very fast, as we have but one axe for seven men. However, we have got all our logs up. "December 10, 1863. Plastered up the chinks with mud, making our house quite tight. Our fire place and door will be in front. "December 11, 1863. Built our fire-place today. Policing tonight on account of inspection tomorrow morning at nine o'clock." While encamped at Cole's Hill at this time, the question of re-enlistment was discussed, in all 'its forms, by the veterans. The memoirs of Captain Adams give interesting little anecdotes regarding this matter as it was discussed by the men of Company A, which then numbered but thirteen. He says: "Ben Falls said, 'Well, if new men won't finish this job, old men must, and as long as Uncle Sam wants a man, here's Ben Falls.' Then spoke Mike Scannell: 'It is three years since I have seen my wife and children. I had expected to go home when my time was out and stay there, but we must never give up this fight until we win and I am with you to the end.' Others expressed themselves in the same way, and when the word was given, — 'All who will re-enlist, step one pace to the front' — every man advanced. In Company C, Ed. Fletcher said: 'They use a man here just as they do a turkey at a shooting match, — fire at it all day and if they don't kill it, they raffle it off (282) CAMP AT COLE'S HILL. 283 in the evening; so with us, if they can't kill you in three years, they want you for three more, but I'll stay. ' ' ' Many declared that they would not serve again in any in fantry regiment and expressed a preference for the heavy artillery as it was always stationed in a fort where the work was not so hard and the danger not quite so great. The subject of re-enlistment, as discussed around the camp fires during this winter, is adequately explained by Sergt. Foster thus : Although the grade of Lieutenant General was not revived until Feb. 26th, 1864 — on which date Gen. Grant was nominated and promptly confirmed — it was generally believed that the rank would be revived and that Grant would be the man and that he would command the Army of the Potomac in person. This be lief was a patent influence on the re-enlistments. We believed that his coming would inaugurate a new era in the movements of the army and that there would be no more running up and strik ing a blow at Lee and then skulking back toward Washington. We reasoned thus: our time will not be up until the 28th of next August, the campaign will be opened early in the spring, we are near the rebel lines of fortifications — one or two day's march will bring us to them — and before our term of enlistment expires some of the heaviest fighting will have been done and, perhaps, Richmond itself captured; during that time many of us will be killed and many maybe captured and have to stayin rebel prisons for months (and just this thing did happen and many who did not re-enlist remained in prison long after their term of service had expired). If we re-enlist, we get the bounty and, what is better, a furlough home to see our relatives and friends and to have a good time and to come back much better and in a more contented frame of mind to enter the campaign. Accordingly after much discussion, enough agreed to re-enlist to insure our return home as a regiment. ' ' In justice to the veterans it should be said that a very large majority of them would have re-enlisted in any event. The greater portion of them felt that whatever might be their legal obligations, their real term of service could only be closed by the entire suppression of the rebellion, and that while a man re- 284 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. mained in arms against the honor and authority of the nation, it was their sacred duty to remain in arms for his overthrow. On the 21st of December regimental line was formed by Maj. Rice and 145 of the men were mustered out of the service of the United States. They then took off their caps, raised their right hands, repeated the oath and in a few moments were trans formed into Veterans entitled to wear the service stripes of two enlistments. They had re-enlisted for "Three years or during the war. ' ' Only about forty members of the regiment declined to re-enlist and the others remaining, not having been in the ser vice for two years, could not do so. \ The scene when these men, veterans of many terribl e cam paigns, stood in line and took the oath a second time was worthy the immortalizing stroke of an artist's brush. In no other event during the entire war was real patriotism more truly displayed. Each of the men knew just what war was. He . had expe rienced it, had seen his comrades swept away by shot and shell and foul disease and his regiment dwindle until only a remnant of its former strength remained. These veterans did not have in their second enrollment the inspiration and excitement of war meetings or the novelty of new gold-trimmed uniforms to urge them on, but with a full knowledge of the duties required, the hardships to be endured, and the probability that many would either be killed or wounded before their term expired. Men who re-enlisted on December 21st, 1863, at Stevensburg, Va. non-commissioned officers and men: Wm. M. Curtis, Sergeant Major. George M. Ritchie, Quartermaster Sergeant. James P. Clare, Principal Musician. Go. A. Giles D. W. Johnson, First Sergeant. Benjamin F. Falls, Sergeant. Samuel A. Bridges, Sergeant. Edwin R. Bartlett, Corporal. CAMP AT COLE'S HILL. 285 James H. Lord, Musician. Charles Bradley. Richard Burrill. Abram A. Dow. Albert H. Greenleaf. Darius Johonnet. Peter Stillman. Michael Scannell. Co. B. Francis Osborn, First Sergeant. George B. Borden, Sergeant. Patrick Berry, Corporal. George W. Cain, Corporal. William B. Blair, Wagoner. j Charles A. Alley. William P. Edwards. Adolph Mahnitz. Timothy O'Connell. Charles Preston. Thomas Riley. James Strange. Stephen J. Younger. Co. C. Milton Ellsworth, First Sergeant. Benjamin F. Hall, Sergeant. Benjamin H. Jellison, Sergeant. George E. Breed, Corporal. James Morse, Corporal. Richard R. Foster, Corporal. Moses R. Littlefield, Wagoner. Richmond L. Pillsbury, Musician. Eben Colby. William E. Fletcher. James H. Heath. Coloneus Morse. Ernest A. Nichols. Edwin C. D. Saunders. John H. Steele. Charles W. Tibbetts. Co. D. Benjamin W. Russell, First Sergeant. 286 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT, Charles P. Welch, Sergeant. Charles K. Hills, Corporal. Joshua Kendall, Musician. Ira Weston, Wagoner. John Brill. Clarence P. Crane. John Cavanaugh. Erastus Cousins. William Heffron. Henry Lee. John Moses. Nathan Walden. Co. E. Samuel E. Viall, First Sergeant. Daniel Corrigan, Sergeant. James Clark, Sergeant. Phillip Dunn, Sergeant. Terrence Gormley, Corporal. Timothy Leary, Wagoner. James Allen. John C. Howe. John F. Jordan. Edwin C. Maloney. Co. F. Cornelius Linnehan, First Sergeant. Hugh McPartland, Sergeant. Moses P. Bixby, Sergeant. James Farrell, Corporal. William Stewart, Musician. Joseph I. Seavey, Wagoner. Johnson Achison. George N. Burgess. William Gibbons. Steven Hawes. Michael O 'Leary. John Lee. Nahum Morrison. William Smith. Enoch C. Kenney. William H. Wakefield. CAMP AT COLE'S HILL. 287 Co. G. Charles B. Brown, Sergeant. John P. Condon, Sergeant. Robert J. Gamble, Sergeant. William H. Tibbetts, Sergeant. William H. Glark, Corporal. George E. Morse, Corporal. Elijah H. Mansur, Corporal. William H. Lambert, Corporal. John C. Copp, Musician. Thomas P. Costello, private. Daniel Daly. John Egan. Edward Golden. James McCarty. John McManus. Daniel F. McNeal. Peter Nulty. Samuel G. Snellen. Levi Woofindale. Co. H. Albert C. Douglas, First Sergeant. William A. Stone, Sergeant. George B. Simonds, Sergeant. Charles Cross, Corporal. Edward E. Powers, Corporal. William H. Bingham. John H. Gate. Samuel Cottle. Samuel Diver. Francis McRuma. Benjamin Lummas. Thomas A. Morse. John Restall, Jr. Augustus E. Soper. William J. Tirrell. Joshua Very. John Very. John A. Wilson. 288 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Co. I. Daniel Treadley, Sergeant. James Corrigan, Sergeant. Jonathan T. Ross, Sergeant. Joseph H. DeCastro, Corporal. Daniel Murphy, Musician. Michael Callopy. Frank Chandler. George McKenna. John Rourke. Co. K. William A. MeGinnis, First Sergeant. Patrick Nolan, Sergeant. J. L. Smith, Sergeant. Joseph Libby, Sergeant. Joseph Burns, Sergeant. Joseph E. Hodgkins, Corporal. Edward Williams, Corporal. Archibald Buchanan, Corporal. David J. M. A. Jewett, Corporal. Patrick W. Harvey. John W. Hayes. Thomas B. Homans. Exor Oliver. Edwin B. Pratt. Edward W. Schoff. James B. Wiggin. Re-enlisted in January: Jan. 4th Co. A. John McCammon, Musician. 24th Co. C. Horatio Fellows. 4th Co. D. Nelson E. Knights, Sergeant. 4th Co. D. Patrick Fitzgerald. 24th Co. D. Abram F. Warner, Corporal. 24th Co. B. Patrick Cronan. 4th Co. E. Mark Gorey. 4th Co. F. Mathias Bixby, Sergeant. 4th John P. Small, Commissary Sergeant, N.C.S CAMP AT COLE S HILL. 289 1863.— ANNUAL RETURN OF THE ALTERATIONS AND CASU ALTIES, INCIDENT TO THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT OF MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS DURING THE YEAR 1863. DESIGNATIONS OF POSTS AND STATIONS AT WHICH THE DEATHS, DESERTIONS, ETC. OCCURRED. Dis charged Deaths Deser tions Appre hensions Falmouth, Va. 25 23 22 38 Fredericksburg, Va. Occoquan, Va. Thoroughfare Gap, Va. 00 0 00 0 00 0 0 0 0 Gettysburg, Pa. Williamsport, Md. Mooneville, Md. 0 00 11 0 0 00 1 0 04 Warrenton Junction, Va. 0 0 15 3 Morrisville, Va. 0 0 15 5 Raccoon Ford, Va. 0 0 18 8 Mitchell's Station, Va. 1 0 0 0 Bristoe Station, Va. 0 0 0 0 Centreville, Va. 0 0 0 0 Warrenton, Va. 0 0 12 3 Berry Hill, Va. Robinson's Cross Roads, Va. 0 0 0 1 02 03 Stevensburg, Va. re-enlisted. General Hospital. 150 227 1 12 4 0 1 0 DESIGNATION OF COMPANIES IN WHICH THE CASUALTIES OCCURRED. Deaths Deser- tions Appre hensions Non-Commissioned Officers, 0 0 0 Co. A. 8 5 10 B. 5 7 8 C. 5 14 11 D. 5 14 7 E. 5 7 2 F. 6 10 3 G. 2 15 6 H. 4 10 6 I. 6 8 3 K. 2 9 9 48 89 65 290 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. At the close of the year there was a change in the staff of surgeons, assistant surgeon W. D. Knapp being dismissed by S. O. 534, War Dept., and Dr. Gustavus P. Pratt being mus tered in to fill the vacancy. The regimental return for January, 1864, records-the follow ing changes and transfers: Colonel Arthur F. Devereux, on detached service in com mand 2nd Brigade 2nd Division 2nd Corps. Lieut. Col. Edmund Rice, in command of regiment. Co. A. Captain Isaac H. Boyd, on detached service S. O. 171, 2nd Corps, July 27, 1863. First Lieutenant William F. Rice, in command of company. Co. C. Capt. William L. Palmer, A.A.I.G., 2nd Div. 2nd Corps. First Lieut. William M. Curtis, acting adjutant. Second Lieut. Joseph W. Snellen, in command. Present sick. Transferred from Co. I, Jan. 22, 1864. Co. H. First Lieut. Charles S. Palmer, in command of com pany. Loss. Recruits transferred to Twentieth Massachusetts Regiment, Jan. 14, 1864, by Special Order 11, Army of Potomac. Co. A. Privates James Boyle. Michael Burke. Henry Bode. Daniel Burray. Thomas Mack. Thomas Ripley. Charles Trapp. James Benedict. George Collins. James F. Aytoun. Samuel 'Goodnow. Henry Brailey. Charles Brown. Henry Bartlett. Thomas Dawson. CAMP AT COLE'S HILL. 291 Co. B. Charles Abraham. Frank Bartley. Henry Connor. Charles Cook. James Cooper. David G. Copp. Philip Carey. Duncan Crawford. Andrew Cronan. Francis W. Devine. William Dow. Stephen Doer. Edward Dillon. John F. Jordan. Co. C. Edward C. Doherty. Thomas A. Dow. Reuben B. Dow. James Eckelman. James Eldridge. John Fisher. John Farren. Winslow P. Eayers. Robert H. Eastman. Joseph Frey. George Riese. John Davis. William Barnes. Co. D. James Dunn. John W. Gallagher. Henry G. Fuller. Michael Hogan. Philip Hunt. William Hamilton. Charles Harris. Fred W. Hubner. Andrew P. Green. Michael Gahagin. 292 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Co. D. Frank Heill. Charles Ferguson. William Smith. Co. E. William Johnson, Corporal. Julius Rieser. James M. Harrison. Henry Hagedon. Michael Holligan. Alfred Horstman. Peter Kennedy. William B. Kelley. Rodney King. Michael Kenney. George Jones. Robert Slocum. Henry Urban. Co. F. Charles Lynch, Corporal.. George Doherty. Jeremiah Lucius. John Larouche. James Lynch. Frank Lopez. William Marshall. John McDonald. Charles Matthews. John M. Duncan. John Mack. Philip Morton. Nelson E. Knights, Sergeant (re-enlisted Jan. 3.) Co. G. Daniel Daley (Jan. 27th, to Co. I.) James N. Barrett. Lewis McCrillis. John Wheeling. Thomas. Waters. John Young. Joseph A. White. CAMP AT COLE'S HILL. 293 Co. G. William White. George Wood. Lewis Wai dick. Co. H. Florence McCarty. Charles Mortimer. Dominick McTague. Henry Mattieson. John McCaul. Charles A. Mohr. John Nieur. Peter Rooney. Co. I. Daniel Murphy, Musician (transferred Jan. 23 to Co. F.) Hugh Armstrong. George Burnham. John Fitzgerald. Michael Mulligan. Patrick Neill. Haven K, Perkins. John B. Rinaldie. James O. Sherman. David Scanlan. Fritz Schiverin. Co. K. James McGuckin. William Smith, 1st. William Smith, 2nd. Michael Smith. John Smith. Hans W. Schults. *" James Sullivan. James Tyler. John Tuttle. Christopher Trembo. Michael Welsh. John Williams/ Patrick Williams. James B. Wiggan. (Jan. 22nd to Co. A.) Total 124. 294 the nineteenth massachusetts regiment. January : Commissioned officers present, 11 Enlisted men present, 157 Commissioned officers absent, 16 Enlisted men absent, 151 27 308 Recruits required, 677. Capt. William L. Palmer, who was commissioned as Major in September, 1863, held this position until Jan. 25, 1864. Capt. Moncena Dunn was commissioned Major during the winter of 1864 but could not be mustered as the regiment had not men enough to allow three field officers to be mustered. After the" re-enlistment of the men there was difficulty about their being sent home on furlough from the fact that the orders read that this could not be done unless- three-fourths of the volunteers re"-enlisted. There were 124 recruits in the ranks and as they could not re-enlist at that time the command ing general claimed that the necessary three-fourths of the regi ment had not re-enlisted. The recruits were transferred to the Twentieth Massachusetts and this relieved the difficulty and enabled the regiment to come home. The men spent the time after their re-enlistment in picket duty to a large extent. Two or three days at a time were spent in this duty, the men having frequently to go four or five miles from camp. In the pleasant weather this work was very enjoy able, it being a welcome change from the dull camp routine, but during much of the time it was bitterly cold, wet and gloomy and left small room for cheer or comfort. Heavy details were engaged in the daily labor of building corduroy roads through the boundless sea of stiff, adhesive, half-frozen mud that stretched for miles around Brandy Station. The camp of the Nineteenth Massachusetts regiment was pleasantly situated on the southeasterly slope of. the hill. Near it and in front was corps headquarters; on the hill at the rear were division headquarters, and in front of the right flank of the regiment stood the tents of the brigade commander. In fact, the camp seemed to be hemmed in by general officers. CHAPTER XXXVI. RETURN OF THE REGIMENT TO MASSACHUSETTS. BACK AGAIN TO THE FRONT. On February 3 the order to prepare for the journey home was received and on the following day, when they broke camp it was a jolly occasion for every one. The two miles between the camp and the depot was quickly covered and no one fell out. Those of the Nineteenth regiment who did not or could not re-enlist were turned over to the Twentieth Massachusetts for duty during the absence of the regiment. At the depot the usual delay incident to army railroading occurred, but finally the train was ready and the regiment started. Box cars were furnished for the men and they "let themselves out," — dancing, singing and shouting until they were hoarse. The officers who returned with the regiment to Boston were: Colonel Devereux. Lieut. Col. Wass. Major Edmund Rice. • ; '¦ Acting Adjt. William M. Curtis. Quartermaster Thos. F. Winthrop. Surgeon J. F. Dyer. Asst. Surgeon C. P. Pratt. Capt. Moncena Dunn. Capt. Wm. L. Palmer. Capt. D. C. Mumford. Capt. L. J. Hume. "Feb. 4, 1864. Started for home at 2.30 o'clock. Arrived at Alex andria, Va., at 9 o'clock.. Had supper and turned in in one of the old tobacco houses. <'Feb. 5, 1864. Left for Washington thig forenoon and took the cars for Baltimore, arriving at night. Got supper and turned in. ' ' (295) 296 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. "Feb. 6, 1864. Started for Philadelphia this morning, arriving a little before dark, got supper and rested awhile, then started for New York, riding all night. "Feb. 7, 1864. Arrived in New York at 6 o'clock in the morning. Left at 6 P.M. for Boston. The journey to Boston was made without incident. The regiment arrived at 4 A.M. on February 8th, and breakfast was served in the Beach Street barracks. At 11 o'clock line was formed and the regiment marched to Fanueil Hall Square, through crowds of people which filled all the streets, giving the men hardly space in which to walk. When the men were conducted into the hall a sight greeted them which at once put them into the best of humor. Their poor breakfast was for gotten as the tables at which they halted were loaded with good things. The escort of the regiment were the Home Guards from Fort Warren. These halted near the platform and ' ' Ordered Arms, ' ' their muskets coming down, as one of the Nineteenth said, "All together, one after the other." When the command "Order Arms" was given to the Nineteenth there was one tremendous thump as the butt of every musket struck the floor at once. There was not one of them out of time and then a smile of satisfaction wrinkled the colonel's face and a cheer of approval went up from the audience, which packed the hall, that made the walls shake. It was one of the proudest moments in the history of the Nineteenth, and of Col. Devereux, too, as it had been through his untiring efforts that the regiment had reached such perfection in the manual of arms. Governor Andrew was unable to be present, but Adjutant General Schouler welcomed the boys home in his behalf. Mayor Lincoln made a speech brim full of praise, saying among other things: "You have sustained the old flag with unflinching bravery and our hearts have beat with pride as we have heard of your exploits. You are to go again into the field, to gain new laurels and perform still more brilliant achievements." General Edward W. Hinks, who had been appointed by Gover nor Andrew as a special aide on his staff at the reception to the Nineteenth Massachusetts, and Colonel Devereux also spoke. RETURN OF THE REGIMENT TO MASSACHUSETTS. 297 At two o'clock the regiment started for Salem, via the Eastern Railroad. At every station on the road, booming guns, ringing bells cheering, and joyous shouts greeted the train. It stopped just outside the city of Salem and the men alighted, formed line and marched into the city from the South Fields amid the firing of cannon, the ringing of bells and the cheering of a great crowd of people. After a short parade through the principal streets, the regiment Was taken to Essex Hall, where another bountiful spread was served by the ladies of Salem; but, having eaten so much in Boston, the men did not eat heartily here. There was a "Welcome Home" speech from the mayor of Salem, another from General Sutton of the Cadets, brilliant music and an outpouring of love and warm greetings. From the hall the regiment marched to the common where it exhibited its perfect discipline and matchless skill in a drill and dress parade. The regiment came near losing its colors here. They were only ragged remnants, clinging to the staves, but the women grabbed them and began to tear off little pieces as souvenirs. The officers rescued them from their hands, however, and finally came the order to "Stack arms." Then, — "For thirty days, break ranks, march!" and with a wild cheer the men scattered without ceremony for their homes. The thirty days were passed in a round of pleasure, the men were warmly greeted, received everywhere and banquetted, and in a number of places "Veterans' Balls" were given in their honor, — one at Rowley being especially notable. Several of the officers were presented with swords by their townsmen and the brief stay at home was in every way made pleasant. Colonel Devereux resigned during this period and the com mand of the Nineteenth fell upon Major Edmund Rice,— Lieu tenant Colonel Wass being on recruiting duty in Boston. To the honor of the regiment it should be mentioned that during the time it was on furlough in Massachusetts, no one of its mem bers was under restraint by the civil authorities and the com mand reported in the field with every veteran originally fur- loughed. There were with it, also, a number of deserters who had been apprehended by the officers. 298 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. The regiment re-assembled in the state camp at Wenham and at 2.30 P.M. on the 15th of March, 1864, under the com mand of Major Rice, took the cars for Boston, — without a man missing. Boston was reached at 3.45 P.M. and the men marched to the depot of the Boston and Providence Railroad where they again took the cars for the front. At Groton, Conn., they left the cars and embarked upon the boat for Jersey City. At Philadelphia a stop of 24 hours was made and again were the men subjects of that splendid charity of the sons and daughters of Philadelphia, — the old Cooper Shop. The single gun which always saluted the arriving regiments gathered at once from their homes the noblest of her citizens to give aid to the tired soldiers. At Alexandria a day and a half were spent, and the men made the most of the time. A circus was showing there that day and in the afternoon nearly the entire regiment visited it, many also spending the evening at the theatre. When the regiment arrived at its old camp on Cole's Hill on March 20, the men found that it was occupied by the Seventh Michigan which had returned from its furlough some time before. They were obliged, therefore, to bivouack on top of the hill in the open air and found when they awoke on the following morning that there had been a snow storm and they were covered with several inches of it. For a few days, until the regiment could prepare a suitable camp, the men were divided among the camps of the Fifteenth Massachusetts and the Seventh Michigan, while some were quartered in the meeting tent of the Christian Com mission. Work on the new camp was begun on the morning after arrival. The snow on the hill to the left of the old camp was scraped off and logs were brought to the spot. Soon the men had their tents logged up and were quite comfortable. The men who had been placed temporarily with the Twentieth Massachusetts and Seventh Michigan were returned to the Nineteenth and a number of recruits were received, bringing the regimental total up to 300 men. The weather changed very quickly and the ground was soon in condition for drills, which were at once begun by Major Rice. Skirmish drill was given great attention and one or two drill RETURN OF THE REGIMENT TO MASSACHUSETTS. 299 masters from each company were appointed to look after the recruits. Their task was not always pleasant, as many of the recruits were of foreign birth and could not speak or understand a word of English. The appointment of General Grant to the command of the Army was received with general approval and all awaited his expeated visit to the various corps. The regimental roster, dated March 31, 1864, shows the following record: Lieut. Col. Ansel D, Wass, on detached service, recruiting in Massachusetts. Regt. Quartermaster Wm. M. Curtis, appointed from Co. C. March 13th, vice Hill appointed Captain, March 12th. Co. C. First Lieut. Elisha A. Hinks in command Co. C. Second Lieut. Joseph W. Snellen, in command Co. B. — First Lieut. Hale and Lieut. Barrows on de tached service. Co. D. First Lieut. Moncena Dunn on detached service, re cruiting in Massachusetts. Second Lieut. David T. Chubbuck in command of company. Co. E. Capt. Wm. L. Palmer on detached service. Second Lieut. E.'A. Hall, Jr. in command of company. Co. F. Capt. C. M. Merritt, on detached service. First Lieut. John J. Ferris, in command of company. Co. G. Captain Dudley C. Mumford, on detached service, recruiting in Massachusetts. First Lieut. John B. Thompson,in command of Co. K. Co. H. Capt. J. G. C. Dodge, on detached service at volunteer camp, Readville, Mass. Co. I. Capt. William A. Hill, on detached service in Massa chusetts. First Lieut. J. G. B. Adams in command of company. Co. K. Captain Lysander J. Hume, absent. First Lieut. William R. Driver, on detached service, A. A. A. G., draft rendezvous, Grand Rapids, Mich. 300 the nineteenth massachusetts regiment. loss: Colonel A. F. Devereux, discharged by resignation, March 4th, 1864. gain: Recruits from depot, March 23 to March 27, —26. As the time for opening the spring campaign approached the re-organization of the Army of the Potomac into three corps caused many changes in divisions and brigades. In the case of Gibbon's Division, which retained its number as Second Division, Second Corps, — the Third Brigade, of which the Nineteenth Massachusetts formed a part, was consolidated with the First, under General Alexander A. Webb, who had previously com manded the Second Brigade. And thus made up, the brigade consisted of the Fifteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth Massachusetts, Nineteenth Maine, Forty Second, Fifty Ninth and Eighty Second New York and Seventh Michigan regiments, with the Andrew Sharpshooters. Colonel Devereux having resigned, in regular order, Lieut. Col. Wass, Major Rice and Capt. Moncena Dunn, were pro moted, dating from February 2nd. Second Lieut. Wm. A. MeGinnis was made First Lieutenant in Company K, vice Hill promoted Captain. The month of April was spent in perfecting the discipline of the regiment and preparing it for the sterner duties of the campaign Recruits to the number of 52 were received during the month, and Horace Hastings, musician in Co. E re-enlisted. The stern duties of war were vividly exemplified on April 14th when a member of the Nineteenth Massachusetts, but who was transferred to the Twentieth Massachusetts when the others re-enlisted, was hanged for assault upon an aged woman while he was drunk. It had been shown that he left his post while on picket duty and he was sentenced by courtmartial to be hanged. The officers and men of the regiment did everything possible, even to petitioning to the President, for his reprieve, but the example was needed and the request was refused. The Second Division of the Second Corps was formed in RETURN OF THE REGIMENT TO MASSACHUSETTS. 301 a hollow square, facing inward. The man was placed in an open wagon, seated on his coffin and accompanied by a provost marshal and chaplain. The band which led the way played the Dead March, while files of soldiers, with arms reversed, marched on each flank and in front and rear of the wagon. The man smiled and bowed to those of the Nineteenth whom he recognized as he passed, and when he reached the scaffold in the centre of the square, alighted from the wagon and ran up the steps. Before the black cap was pulled down, he said: "Good bye, comrades, officers and men of the Nineteenth. May you live long and die a happy death. I die an innocent man. ' ' The next event was on April 22, when Lieutenant General Grant, with other general officers, reviewed the Second Army Corps. After the general review, the Nineteenth Massachu setts, under Lieut. Col. Rice, and the Twentieth Massachusetts under Major H. L. Abbott, were selected by Major General Hancock to drill at Headquarters, Second Division, in the presence of the commander-in-chief. The many generals - present, including Lieut. Gen. Grant, and Generals Meade, Hancock, Humphreys, Warren, Sedgwick, Gibbon and Sheri dan, expressed much satisfaction with the admirable discipline and perfect construction of both regiments. After the Nineteenth Massachusetts had been drilled in the manual, the Twentieth Massachusetts gave an exhibition drill in fancy batallion movements in heavy marching order. Gen eral Meade said that in all the years of his service in the regular army he had never seen the proficiency of the Nineteenth Massa chusetts regiment in the manual of arms equalled. After the drill General Grant dined with General Gibbon, the division commander. The day had been perfect, but the parade ground was very rough. After these events the monotonous life of the camp was not broken until May 1, when orders were given to prepare to march. Five days' rations were to be carried in the haversacks and ten days' in the teams. Each man was to carry 60 rounds of ammunition. 302 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. "May 2, 1864. Tore our huts down and were ordered to build with only one log and cover with shelter tents. This afternoon we were visited by a terrible whirlwind. For a long time the air was so full of dust that we could not keep our eyes open and were compelled to go into our tents. After the whirlwind we had a heavy thunder shower. On the first of May the regiment numbered 350, with two field and ten line officers. During the month of April Captain Hume of Co. K, was on detached service in Philadelphia. In response to the order to prepare to march, nearly every soldier wrote a letter home and also sent home such little money as he had on hand, through Captain Pearl, the sutler. None of the ' * Boys ' ' will ever forget ' ' Ed. Pearl. ' ' Origi nally a captain in the First Massachusetts, he had become the sutler of the Nineteenth Massachusetts and loved the regiment dearly. Generous to a fault, he was never known to refuse officer or man an article he" needed, whatever the state of his account. He devoted his time and his means, outside of business, to the interest of the regiment and its members. He was one of the most popular men in the command, and justly so. The sutlers, as a rule, were described as a swindling, hard-fisted and grinding race, but Pearl was not one of these. CHAPTER XXXVII. THE WILDERNESS CAMPAIGN. On May 3 the regiment, Lieut. Col. Edmund Rice, com manding, broke camp at 10 P.M., joined the brigade and marched all night, crossing the Rapidan at Ely's Ford about 9 A.M. of the 4th, and halted for one hour at the South bank; resuming their march, passing over the field of Chancellorsville, and at 5.30 P.M. were thrown out to picket the woods at the right of the plank road, remaining on picket until 4.30 A.M. of the follow ing day, May 5. The march of seven miles through the woods, was continued until 3 P. M., when, having gained the Orange and Port Royal Road, the regiment was advanced to the left of the main road to guard against attack, — firing being heard from the front where General Birney and the Third Division were engaged with Hill and that awful campaign was begun which was not to end until the last day, but one, of the dying year. The field in which the halt was made was full of low sassa fras bushes in which rabbits made their homes and several rabbit hunts were indulged in. After lying in the field for some hours, the regiment was moved to and posted across a road leading from the Brock Road, nearly in front of the Tavern. The din of battle was still heard and seemed to be growing heavier down the Brock Road. In consequence, the division marched back over this road and as they hurried along over the uneven planking the sound of infantry firing showed that some severe fighting was in progress. An abrupt halt was made and the muskets were loaded. The road at this point was literally paved with overcoats, blankets, and surplus clothing, thrown away by General Birney 's Divi sion which had previously gone into the battle. The Nineteenth moved to near the Plank Road and took up a position behind a fence which had been strengthened into (303) 304 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. a light breastwork by piling up against it dead wood which was found in abundance in the Wilderness, where the men now lay. Scattering bullets, flying over the road, showed that the enemy was not far away. Before dark a skirmish line was sent out to act as pickets. These pickets moved forward through a perfect tangle of underbrush, vines and brambles, through which the eye, could not penetrate a rod in most places in the daytime, and even then the foliage made a screen overhead through which but a few straggling sunbeams found their way; in the night it was not possible to see the comrade at your side. Nothing occurred during the night to annoy either pickets or sleeping troops and on the morrow, May 6, the regiment ad vanced to relieve the front line of pickets, and forming a strong skirmish line, advanced further and were soon hotly engaged with the rebel skirmishers, who were forced back a mile or so. The woods were* filled with underbrush but there were frequent open spaces and through these, fleeting glimpses of the rebels were obtained, as they darted from tree to tree. The enemy took refuge frequently in the thick chaparral and could not be seen, but would send a persistent fire into the advancing troops, causing them to halt and seek cover behind trees and hillocks. In the early part of the afternoon the line was drawn back for some distance and then moved by the right flank and halted some rods in front of the breastworks along the Brock Road, at a point near where it joined the Plank Road. Behind these lay troops four or five lines deep, awaiting the coming of the "Rebs." There was a slight ridge in front of the Nineteenth along which a rebel was occasionally seen skulking. Between the regiment and the road was a thick growth of young trees and bushes, interlaced with vines, a tangled mass — through which a path wound to the road. At about four o'clock a tremendous fire of infantry broke the stillness far to the right, and immediately came roaring swiftly down the line toward the Nineteenth. Suddenly, as if springing from the ground, there appeared a line of grey along the ridge. Scattering shots were fired at them as they advanced, but all the men were ordered to fall back, (the trumpeter sound- THE WILDERNESS CAMPAIGN. 305 ing the "Assembly" at the top of the works) to the breastworks and the regiment was quickly reformed on the opposite side, a little to the left of the previous position. The "Rebs" had cap tured private Thompson, of Company B. Behind the breastworks the lines of men were awaiting the enemy with muskets loaded, capped and cocked and bayonets fixed. The regiment lost three killed, nine wounded and seven teen missing. The rebel line did not reach the position taken by the Nine teenth Massachusetts and the men stood in line and fired from the works until the 'fight was over. The breastwork caught fire and forced the Nineteenth to occupy the one which, fortunately, had been built as a second line on the other side of the road on the previous day. Color Bearer Benjamin Falls, of Company A, received a painful wound in the arm, but pluckily kept his place, declaring that "Some fool will get hold of the color and lose it. I guess I'd better stay by." Since early morning on the 5th, the regiment had been con tinuously in line, either marching, skirmishing or awaiting an attack. The men of Company C had not slept a minute during the time, having been on picket during the night. It was supposed that these men at least, would be allowed to bivouac where they were but shortly after dark Company C was again sent into the woods in front of the breastworks to do picket duty for another night. The next three days were days of watchfulness and there were many skirmishes. The regiment was constantly on the move. The men became fatigued, and there were many prostra tions by the heat, shifting about as they did in the vicinity of Todd's Tavern and Spottsylvania. At 2.30 P. M. of the 7th the regiment was ordered out on the skirmish line and after advancing about a mile discovered the enemy posted in a dense thicket and immediately became engaged and after fighting all the afternoon, drove them nearly a mile, and at 9. P.M. returned, under orders, to the works, having nine men wounded. Burnside 's corps arrived late that afternoon. 306 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Sabbath, May 8th. "Our troops were moving toward Spottsylvania Court House. Being out in picket about noon we were drawn in and started after as rear guard. Arriving at Todd's Tavern, we saw a great many of the wounded of the Fifth Corps being brought in, as they had been fighting all the morning. While on the march we had considerable fun at the expense of some stragglers. One of the men cried out "Close up and serve your country." Another "advance in line" and many more funny jokes were cracked at their expense. The Sixth Corps charged the rebel works near here today and captured them. It has been a very hot day and, as the summer is advancing, I threw away my woolen blanket, not caring to be encumbered with unnecessary articles. ' ' At 8 A. M. on the 8th the regiment moved with the brigade as the rear guard, the army having passed to the left toward Spottsylvania during the night. At 3 P. M. halted near Todd's Tavern and remained there until 10 A. M. of the following day, when, going back a short distance, formed line of battle in an open field on the edge of a belt of woods where the regiment threw up a defence of rails, but abandoned them later and moved two miles to the right where a line of battle was again formed in an open field in the rear of a rail fence, guarding the flank and rear of the column against sudden attack by way of the Catharpin Road. There was a brisk fire between the skirmishers, which lasted some time. Here the regiment remained until 4 P. M. and then moved forward, southward, and crossed the Po Creek, halting in line of battle on the crest of a hill on the south side and rested for the night. At daybreak the regiment moved forward and occupied the woods in its front, and lay in line of battle until 10 A. M. It then re-crossed the Po (left in front) and marched to the left one and a half miles and massed for a short time in a dense thicket. The Nineteenth then advanced into an open field imme diately in the rear of the hill, where it lay behind a fence much exposed to the enemy's fire and lost three men (among them Garfield, of Co. K). This field was hemmed in by woods on either side, shutting out the wind and making the heat harder to bear. Rations were issued here, consisting of hard tack, pork and fresh beef. Many broke open the beef bones and used the marrow for butter, spreading it on the crackers and putting a sprinkling of salt in it; not a very healthful dish for a hot day. THE WILDERNESS CAMPAIGN. 307 At one o'clock the regiment moved at a quick pace from the field, to the right and front, under the enemy's fire and became the front line. The leaves and underbrush were on fire and the men, in order to lie down, had to beat out the flames with their caps. They were immediately engaged with the enemy's sharpshooters, continuing so for two hours and then charged the enemy's works, but were unsuccessful, the fire of the enemy being too terrific. Taking advantage of the slightly projecting crest of a hill, the regiment re-formed and at 6 P. M. charged the breastworks, but were again repulsed with a loss of five killed and 18 wounded. During the night the regiment threw up works in the first line of battle within 150 yards of the enemy's rifle pits. At 11.45 P. M. of the following day, (11th) the regiment was ordered to abandon its slight works and form with the brigade in a field in the rear. Making its way back through the scrub oak to the road, the regiment reformed and a night march was begun to a position in front of Spottsylvania. At 3 A. M. a long halt was made and the men were ordered to lie down in line of battle and rest. The night was very dark and a heavy mist had followed the rain. After an hour's rest a faint cheering was heard in the distance which grew louder and louder. "Fall in" was ordered and the march in line through the forest was resumed in silence. The mud was deep, the little streams swollen and the undergrowth thick, but at daylight the regiment found itself in a field at Spottsylvania, in front of a line of Confederate rifle pits. The fog rolled slowly away and the Division was formed in line of battle, close to the rifle pits. The line extended over a knoll at the left and along the woods on the right. The Nine teenth Massachusetts being the guiding regiment or battalion of direction of the Division, preparatory to the desperate charge of the Confederate position at "The Angle" which General Han cock had decided to attempt. This Angle was afterward .called the "Bloody Angle." When everything was in readiness the men were cautioned to be careful in firing at first as some skirmishers were out in front. Then came the order to move forward. As the line entered the 308 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. woods, Gen. Webb, commanding the Brigade, stepped to the front and said: "Men of the first Brigade, we are ordered to charge the enemy at this point. Keep together as well as you can. If you get broken up, follow the colors of the Nineteenth Massachusetts. I shall go with you. Forward!" — and away went the Brigade as did the rest of the Corps at other points, on the double quick. ' ' Cheer, boys, cheer, ' ' cried Gen. Webb as they rushed on. ' Fighting had already been begun by the first Division and the men of the regiment responded lustily, entering the jungle. Mov ing toward the front for a short distance, they entered the thick woods. The advancing Nineteenth was still cheering and the bullets were raining thick about them. A number fell wounded and among the first was color bearer Benjamin F. Falls, shot through the body. He died on the following day. In a moment the rebel fortifications were reached, and the Division dashed forward, carried the first line with a rush and Colonel Rice, with a part of the Nineteenth, jumped over the breastworks and then dashed at the second line where some of the enemy were captured. They were taken entirely by sur prise, many not having turned out of their blankets. Not being supported and out of ammunition, the Brigade could not hold the position for more than an hour against the support which the enemy brought up and was forced to retire with considerable alacrity. There was no support to hold the first line at this point, and having no ammunition, the Brigade was obliged to relinquish its hold and retire through the woods. While thus retiring, the regiments became much mixed up and were reform ed about half a mile from the works which they had reached. They remained in the rear of the Landron house for a few mo ments, while coffee was made, rations eaten and cartridge boxes re-filled. Then the Nineteenth moved forward with the Brigade and took a position near "The Angle," in the line composed of the first Division and other troops who had succeeded in hold ing this portion of the line. Rain had been falling for some time and was now coming down in torrents. The storm of bullets was, however, almost as thick as the rain drops, as the regiment took its place outside THE WILDERNESS CAMPAIGN. 309 of the works ,to the left of where the Brigade had entered them. Settling themselves in the muddy trench, the men began work, loading and firing as rapidly as possible. Some of them were too much exhausted to stand up. These sat down on the edge of the trench and loaded guns for the other men to fire. Two or three were sometimes kept busy loading guns which one man would fire. The smoke hung in a dense cloud all about as the air was too heavy to permit it to rise. At one time during the fighting at this point Captain J. G. B. Adams struck up the inspiring song, "The Battle Cry of Free dom." It was taken up by the singers of the Nineteenth and other regiments and made to echo over the hills amid the rattle of musketry. Once in a while the fire slackened and then broke out with renewed vigor as the rebels endeavored to retake their works. Ammunition and hard bread was brought up by pack mules and opened in the rear of the line, the men helping themselves to each. The scene was one to be remembered. The ditch which had been dug in throwing up the works was crowded with men from different states, belonging to two or three different corps, soaked with rain, their faces so begrimmed with powder as to be almost unrecognizable; some standing ankle deep in the red mud, firing, while the edge of the ditch was lined with others sitting and loading as fast as possible and munching hard bread, the crumbs of which were scattered around their smutty mouths and besprinkled their beards. The mud in the ditch was so thick and clung to the boots in such heavy masses that it was difficult to move about. The men's right shoulders were thickly plastered with it from the butts of their muskets. There was a battery in action near the Landron house which sent shells over their heads, so near as to keep the men in mortal dread. Soon a relieving line came in and the men fell back. Just then a shell came over, struck and exploded just where they had been standing. The rebel works were well made; on the inner side traverses were built at short intervals for protection from cross fires, — the spaces between these were called by the men "Horse-stalls." A dozen or more men could crowd into each space. The point 310 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. where lay the Nineteenth marked the division between that held by the rebels and that by the Union men. Right in front of the Nineteenth were the "Horse-stalls," each occupied by a few rebels, the thickness of the breastwork being the distance separating them from the enemy. From this point the line bent back for some distance in the form of a bow, around the knoll or ridge. To the right was the wood through which the wild charge of the regiment had been made and in which the line extended, — but there was an- open space between the Nineteenth and the woods, unoccupied by any line. Several times, the rebels in front raised a white flag and when the men started forward to see what was wanted they were met by a volley which sent them to cover. Once a white flag was) hoisted over the breastwork in front of Company C and Edward Fletcher and an orderly sergeant of some com pany in another Massachusetts regiment, mounted the works and found several rebels on the other side. The sergeant asked them if they wanted to ' ' Come in" and the one nearest him said that they did. "Then drop your guns" said the sergeant, "and come over." Instead of coming over, he suddenly raised his musket and shot the sergeant through the head. Fletcher instantly shot the treacherous rebel in the head and jumped back among his comrades. The men of the Nineteenth supposed that when they were relieved they would be withdrawn, but this was not the case. They only fell back a rod or two, re-filled their cartridge boxes and fell in again with the line around the knoll where they kept at work until night closed the battle. Whenever the fire would slacken, the rebel's would take advantage of it and try to advance. Their efforts to re-take the works were continuous and persistent and only by constant hammering were they kept down. Hundreds of pounds of lead and iron were thrown by both sides. The bullets lay on the ground like hailstones and the ground was furrowed by solid shot and shell. The bodies of several Union dead lay between the lines on the ridge. They were shot through and through by friend and foe alike, being riddled and torn to shreds by minie balls, their uniforms in rags, looking almost as if they had passed through a shoddy mill; a mangled mass of THE WILDERNESS CAMPAIGN. 311 flesh and cloth they lay, shaking continually as the bullets struck them from either side. One gun, with limber attached, from either Gillis' U. S. or Brown's R. I. Battery, — a section of each being brought up when the breastworks were carried — lay between the Nineteenth and the woods in line of battle. Two of the horses were killed and the driver had been entangled in the harness and killed. Horses and men were completely riddled by bullets and there was not a place untouched on them the size of a man's hand. Trees, some as large as a man's body, which stood between the lines, were shot off and fell. Looking back in the light of history, it seems as though this great battle, so successful in many ways, might have been more so had the troops been differently handled. If the First Brigade had gone forward with less noise, more slowly and care fully, keeping a better line until the farther edge of the woods had been reached and then made a dash in a more solid line, the breastworks which were carried by it might have been held until supports came up. Gen. Walker, in his History of the Second Corps, does not mention the part taken by the First Brigade, Second Division, in the charge and by this omission, the reader of his work is led to believe that the Brigade was held in reserve. Owing to the nature of the ground over which the charge was made, and the confusion, and mixing up of the different Brigades, and the mist, he no doubt lost trace of Webb's command for a time. He says: "On the Union side the confusion had become extreme. The long lines formed for the assault had insensibly converged as the salient was reached, and were heaped upon one another. Carroll and Owen's brigades of Gibbon's (the Second) division, which was formed in reserve, had been caught by the wild excitement of the charge, and, dashing forward to the front, struggled even past some of the leading troops (First Division, Second Corps) and entered the Confederate works on Stewart's Line, almost at the same moment with the brigades of Mills and Brooks." But, notwithstanding General Walker's omission, the First Brigade went forward, and the commanding officer and a number 312 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. of the men actually entered the second line of the rebels, the farthest point reached that day. General Walker further says: "This enthusiasm of the charging column was in itself commendable, but, taken in con nection with \b.e original dense formation, it had led to an unnec essary and dangerous massing of the troops. Such a body was, for the purpose of the impending collision, scarcely as formidable as would have been a single well-ordered line." During the battle in the afternoon, General Hancock visited the line, stopped a while and watched the powder-be- grimmed men shoot at the rebels and eat hardtack, and then rode coolly away among the swift flying bullets, at a walk. During the battle — so closely were the forces engaged — several color bearers were shot down and half of the Nineteenth were either killed, wounded or captured. Among the latter was Colonel Edmund Rice, in command of the regiment, and i;i this action the regiment also lost one of its bravest officers, First Lieutenant John J. Ferris, of Boston. He was shot in the head during the charge on the rebel works. The Corps captured 5,000 prisoners, including Major Gen eral Edward Johnson and Brigadier General George H. Stewart, over thirty stands of colors and 18 cannon. Sergeant Charles B.Brown, of Co. G, bearing the regimental colors, was struck by |the fragments of a shell which burst near him. His right leg was taken almost off by the explosion, and his left leg was badly mangled. Just as the Wilderness Campaign had opened, Sergeant Brown had received from Major General Butler an appointment as First Lieutenant in the General's department, dated April 26_ 1864. Without seeking leave or orders to report under that appointment he had put the document in his pocket and entered the hard fighting. Immediately after being wounded, he drew from his pocket his unused commission as Lieutenant, now stained with his blood, and a likeness of his betrothed, and told his comrades to send these home with the news of his death. He lay upon the battlefield over an hour and then was driven three miles in an ambulance to the field hospital where he died early on the follow- THE WILDERNESS CAMPAIGN. 313 ing morning. Two of his brothers, James and Henry, belonged to the same Corps. James was wounded in the same battle and died on the same day with Charles. Major General E. M. Law (C. S. A.) in his report in The Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, regarding the battle of the Wilderness and the charge of Webb's Brigade, says: "The Federals (Webb's Brigade of Hancock's Corps) were advancing through the pines with apparently resistless force, when Gregg's eight hun dred Texans, regardless of numbers, flanks or supports, dashed directly upon them. There was a terrific crash, mingled with wild yells, which settled down into a steady roar of musketry. In less than ten minutes one half of that devoted eight hundred men were lying upon the field dead or wounded; but they had delivered a staggering blow and broken the force of the Federal advance. Benning's and Law's brigades came promptly to their support, and the whole swept forward together. The tide was flowing the other way. It ebbed and flowed many times during that day, strewing the Wilderness with human wrecks. Law's brigade captured a line of log breastworks in its front, but had held them only a few moments when their former owners (Webb's Brigade) came back to claim them. The Federals were driven back to a second line several hun dred yards beyond, which was also taken. This advanced position was attacked in front and on the right from across the Orange Plank Road, and Law's Alabamians "advanced backward'-' without standing on the order of their going, until they reached the first line of logs now in their rear. As their friends in blue still insisted on claiming their property and were advancing to take it, they were met by a counter-charge and again driven beyond the second line. This was held against a determined attack, in which the Federal General Wadsworth was shot from his horse as he rode up close to the right of the line on the Plank Road. The position again becoming untenable by reason of the movements of the Federal troops on their right, Law's men retired a second time to the works they had first captured. And so, for more than two hours, the storm of battle swept to and fro, in some places passing several times over the same ground and settling down at length almost where it had begun the day before." The men of the Nineteenth Massachusetts regiment cap tured a large number of prisoners, a Rebel color, and participated in the capture of the cannon and in turning them upon the enemy. The command held the works until dark, under con stant fire, and then was ordered to the rear where it rested for the night. On the following day, May 13, it lay in line behind 314 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. the breastworks, advancing once in a while in line of battle but was not engaged. Skirmish fire continued all day. The rebel color mentioned herewith was taken by 1st Ser geant Viall, who was badly wounded. He offered it to Col. Rice, who declined to take it and ordered him to go to the rear with it. As he was making his way to the rear, as ordered, he was again wounded and the color was taken from him by a staff officer. Viall died, later, from his wounds. The 14th was spent in comparative quiet, the regiment being on the skirmish line, however, as usual. "May 14, 1864. Having a little time this morning, went forward to the rebel works over which we fought yesterday, and saw a sorrowful sight. The Rebs lay thick, piled upon each other, while the trench in which they stood while in life and-health was ankle deep in blood and water. Our men buried them in the graves which they had dug for themselves, i.e., in their trenches." CHAPTER XXXVIII. THE NORTH ANNA BATTLES. On the morning of the 15th of May, 1864, the regiment moved to the left and rested nearly all day. In the evening it occupied a position in the rear of the works and, together with the rest of the brigade, rested for the night. On the following day the regiment moved two miles to the right, to protect the passage,of the corps ambulance train, which went out to bring in the wounded who had been left in the field hospital outside the lines. This being safely performed, the regiment returned to the bivouac of the previous night, and remained in quietness until 10 P.M. of the 17th, when it occupied the works taken from the enemy on the 12th. At daylight of the 18th, the regiment participated in a charge against a point in a right oblique direction at Icei Grove. This has sometimes been called the Second Spottsylvania battle. The Rebels again hastily retreated, but, owing to the concen trated fire of the enemy's artillery, the regiment fell back with several killed and wounded. The command halted and rested until 9 P.M. when it was moved to the left some four or five miles, marching until 12.20, when a halt was made and the men rested quietly for that night and the following day. "May 20, 1864. One of the deserters who had returned with the regiment from Massachusetts was shot this morning for desertion of the colors in the face of the enemy at Laurel Hill. He deserted from our regiment about two years since, joined another, getting a bounty for so doing, and in a short time joined still another getting another bounty, — all of which was taken into consideration. He was pardoned by the president, but on account of his late desertion of the colors, suffered the penalty of death." On the 20th, quiet reigned, but at 11 P.M. the order to march brought the regiment again on the move, the Second (315) 316 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Corps leading the advance of the Army still further to the left. The course lay down the line of the Richmond and Fredericks burg Railroad. The men marched well, having been refreshed by the recent showers and rest. Bowling Green and Milford were reached on the 21st and the column crossed the Mattapony. Here the regiment was ordered out on picket duty, where it remained until dark, the men exchanging fire with the enemy's pickets. Then they rejoined the brigade which lay behind the breastworks and rested for the balance of the night. "May 21st, 1864. At Milford Station our cavalry had a fight with the enemy, capturing about fifty prisoners. My feet are pretty sore and I am pretty tired. Our regiment was sent out on picket this afternoon. At about dark the rebel cavalry made a dash onour pickets, but were repulsed. ' ' At 7.30 A. M. of the 23d, the men resumed their march, advancing at a rapid rate all day. At dark the artillery and the skirmishers became engaged with the enemy on the north bank of the North Anna river. The regiment remained "massed" with the brigade all night, having previously moved to the front and thrown up breastworks. The regiment crossed the river during the forenoon of May 24th without opposition and, after lying in line of battle during the middle of the day, was ordered out as a skirmish line at the left of the Fourteenth Connecticut regiment. Moving by the left flank for some distance, the men advanced immediately through the grounds of the Dawson Mansion, crossing an open field, and engaged the enemy's pickets, driving them over works which they had erected on the edge of a belt of woods, but behind which they did not rally. The men occupied these works for two hours, sending back word, meanwhile, to the brigade commander that if re- enforcements were not sent out, they would be compelled to abandon them. Suddenly the rebels advanced, came in over the works at the left and thereby flanked the Nineteenth, which was compelled to retire to a brook at the rear, having lost four killed and several wounded during the day, while nine were prostrated by the intense heat. The regiment was on picket on May 25 until 5 P.M. and was again detailed for the same THE NORTH ANNA BATTLES. 317 duty on the right at 9 P.M. It was relieved at 11 P.M. on the 26th and re-crossed the North Anna and rested behind the works on the north bank of the river. On the 27th the regiment left these works, under a fire of shells from the enemy, and moved in the direction of the Pamunky river. The men were feeling in good spirits during this march and were continually singing snatches of songs and joking. At 11 P.M. the line halted and the men rested for the balance of the night. On the following morning, at 6 A.M., the march was resumed at a brisk pace. The Pamunky was crossed and the men threw up a line of works upon a ridge of hills, remaining there for the night. The 29th of May was remarkably free from firing in the front and the best part of the day was consumed in throwing up a substantial breastwork a little farther to the left. During the night all was quiet, and at daylight of the 30th an advance was made through a thick oak and pine forest to Washington Jones' house, a distance of two miles.; At 3 P.M. the Nineteenth was ordered out on the skirmish line, where heavy firing had been going on all the afternoon. At 5 P.M. the enemy advanced in line of battle, but were handsomely repulsed without loss to the regiment. On the morning of the 31st the skirmish line was advanced and the rebels were driven from pit to pit until they got behind their main works where they made a stand. They set fire to the woods and this communicating to some of the rifle pits which men of the Nineteenth were occupying, forced them out. There was sharp firing all day. Captain Dudley C. Mumford, of Co. G, was killed by a ball through the head during a charge. He was a' noble fellow and loved by all. He joined the regiment at Lynnfield, a young boy just out of school, had been promoted from Second Lieu tenant to Captain and had shared every march and battle in which the regiment had been engaged. When relieved, the regiment still held the captured works and, during the night, threw up a strong breastwork. The position at this time was about three miles from the Chicka hominy river. 318 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. On June 1 the regiment was engaged as a skirmishing line and exposed (although without much injury) to the enemy's shells, but the desperate struggle at Cold Harbor had opened and at dusk Gen. Hancock began to withdraw his corps at the left of the lines. At 9 P.M. the men were called in and marched, during the night, about 12 miles, the road being very dusty and the heat intense. They bore up manfully, although they had been without sleep for three nights, and many without food. At noon on June 2 the regiment arrived at Cold Harbor and the men again moved out as skirmishers under fire of the enemy, but suffered no loss. At night the brigade was massed in a hollow a short distance to the left of the works and "turned in" for the night. Everyone expected hard work on the morrow and none was disappointed. Just after midnight on the morning of the 3d, the men were awakened and given two day's rations of hardtack, coffee and sugar and were then permitted to sleep until daylight. Then they formed for the charge upon the enemy's lines and, after waiting three hours for the order, started on the double-quick, — and met the fate of all portions of the Union Army, — heavy loss and nothing gained. On they ran, over two lines of works, across the fields which were swept by a terrible fire of canister from the enemy's batter ies, while the musketry volleyed terribly. Major Dunn was struck by a bullet, and fell, but rallied again. The regimental colors fell but "Mike" Scannell of Co. I, picked them up and carried them forward. When the line halted, Major Dunn said, ' ' Mike, you keep the colors. " " Not as corporal, ' ' said Mike, ' ' Too many corporals have been killed already, carrying colors. " "I make you a sergeant, ' ' responded the Major. "That's business" answered Mike, "I'll carry the colors." The severity of the fighting was such that there were numer ous changes of brigade commanders. First one Colonel would receive a wound and then another, down the list, until finally a Lieutenant Colonel commanded the brigade. The awful fire THE NORTH ANNA BATTLES. 319 caused the line to break and it was obliged to halt under the brow of a hill. The men immediately began to pass up rails from a fence nearby and these were piled. Then, with dippers and plates, the dirt was thrown up until a good line of work was formed, so near to those of the enemy that a stone could be thrown into them, and a man could not show his head without being shot. While this was being done a call was made for a corporal and six men to go to the rear for picks and spades, and they started upon their perilous duty. The rebel sharpshooters were firing at any stray soldiers who moved across the field. The little squad moved at double-quick from one work to another, arriving in safety, and returned in the same way with the imple ments of labor and with these the work was carried on in good earnest. In the engagements during the day the regiment lost seven men killed and wounded. .First Lieutenant John B. Thompson, of Lawrence, Co. K, was killed. Captain Elisha A. Hinks was again wounded. The morning of June 4 found the regiment still close to the enemy's works. Before daylight, the men were awakened and moved to the right and down the hill, in single file, to the point where the pioneers had, by working all night, thrown up another partial line of works. These were finished by the men of the Nineteenth and by daylight they were almost under the noses of the enemy before they realized it. The videttes crawled out of the works and moved up to within fifty yards of the rebel's position. Then, with their dippers, they threw up the dirt, making small rifle pits from which they watched the movements of the "Johnnies." The enemy had a battery of three pieces directly in front of the position of the Nineteenth, but did not dare to load one of them because of the Andrew Sharpshooters who popped over any one who attempted it. The Nineteenth was in the front line of battle and the men were obliged to lie very low on account of the rebel sharpshooters, who, during the day, killed two men of the regiment. 320 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. While at this point Corporal Hodgkins, of Co. K, was sent to the rear by Captain Hume, on a perilous trip with a message. Buckling his belt tightly about him, he leaped from the trench and ran for the next line of works, while a shower of leaden hail from the enemy fell about him. After resting a while, he ran to the next line, receiving another shower of bullets. After making several such runs, he reached the woods, delivered the message and returned to the trench under a heavy fire from the rebels, without a scratch. For this and other soldierly conduct he was promoted to be First Sergeant and recommended for a First Lieutenant's com mission, which he received on his release from Andersonville, six months later. The 6th of June was spent in comparative quiet. All the men were greatly fatigued, having long been deprived of sleep and rest and being turned out every night for firing. The -videttes of the regiment in front were connected with another line of works during the day. The men were then within speak ing distance of the rebels and there was much conversation between them. Firing began on the left during the evening and the enemy evidently believed that an attack was to be made on their centre for they opened with musketry all along the line, keeping it up for some time. The Union battery opened up on them eventually and compelled them to stop. On the 7th a truce was entered into for the purpose of burying the dead, killed in the charge of four days previous. Firing ceased and both Yanks and Rebs met, shook hands, exchanged papers, tobacco, coffee, sugar, etc. The evening and night were spent quietly and on the following day the regiment received 11 recruits. The truce was kept up until the morning of the 9th, when firing was resumed with spirit, the regiment losing six men wounded. On the 10th it lost two men by the enemy's sharp shooters. On the 11th the regiment kept up a galling and con tinuous fire on the enemy who were unable to return it. During the day about 100 recruits joined the regiment and were placed in the rear line under charge of Lieut. MeGinnis. For the next few days he had a ' ' circus ' ' with his ' ' Army of all THE NORTH ANNA BATTLES. 321 Nations," as they were dubbed, for not half of them could speak or understand the English language, and Lieut. MeGinnis had to use a form of kindergarten system in teaching them the manual. He would go through the motions and they would follow. Soon they were assigned to the different companies and, for a short time, were a source of amusement to the veterans. At 9 P.M. of the 12th, the regiment moved slowly out of the works but soon quickened the pace and advanced rapidly toward the Chickahominy and crossed at 3 P.M. and then marched rapidly until midnight and halted, having marched 25 miles in 27 hours. The Nineteenth acted as rear guard during the march. At 7 A.M. of the 14th, they resumed the march with the Corps and moved about two miles, which brought the regiment in the vicinity of the James. At 4 P.M. they proceeded, and crossed the James in a steamer at 6 P.M., and, after marching a mile and a half, rested for the night. At 11 A.M. of the 15th, the march was resumed and continued until 12 P.M., going over some 25 miles. This brought them to the first line of the enemy's works before Petersburg, which had been taken by the colored troops under General Hinks and the Eighteenth Army Corps. Here they rested for the night. At sundown of the following day they engaged the enemy for about two hours. At 6 P.M. of the 17th, the regiment charged the works, with no casualties, but were eventually repulsed. During the day Generals Grant, Hancock and Gibbon rode along the line. LIST OF MEN OF THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGI MENT, KILLED IN ACTION OR DIED OF WOUNDS, SINCE LEAVING ITS CAMP AT STEVENSBURG, MAY 3 TO JUNE 11, 1864. killed: May 6th. Corp. George W. Cain, Co. B. Priv. Thomas F. Costello, Co. G. Priv. Redford Dawes, Co. G. Priv. Bernard Dame, Co. G. ' 322 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. May 10th. Priv. Charles Smith, Co. A. Priv. George E. Breed, Co. C. (Shell wound in head, Priv. Horatio Fellows, Co. C. died May 13th, 1864.) Priv. John A. Clark, Co. E. Sergt. William H. Ross, Co. H. May 12th. First Lieut. John J. Ferris. Color Sergt. Benj. F. Falls, Co. A. (Died May 14, 1864, buried at Fredericksburg.) Priv. Patrick Cronin, Co. B, right elbow fractured (Died May 13th, 1864.) First Sergt. Charles B. Brown, Co. G. (Both thighs, shell,— May 14th, 1864.) Corp. Archibald Buchanan, Co. K. (Died of wounds in general hosp., right knee, leg amputated.) Priv. Benjamin McDonald, Co. A, abdomen and hips. (Died of wounds.) May 24th. First Sergt. Samuel E. Viall, Co. E. (Died of wounds.) May 31st. Captain Dudley C. Mumford. June 3rd. First Lieut. John B. Thompson. Priv. Francis Mc Alpine, Co. G. June 7th. Priv. William Fee, Co. B, head. Died June 7th. MISSING IN ACTION: May 12th. Lieut. Col. Edmund Rice, wounded and captured. Priv. Alonzo Stewart, Co. F. May 6th. Priv. Milton D. Thompson, Co. C. Priv. Edward C. Thompson, Co. C. Priv. Alfred Ellis, Co-. H. May 7th. Priv. Charles. Conrad, Co. C. May 10th. Priv. James Higginson. Priv. George Brann, Co. A. May 12th. Priv. Charles Smith, Co. A. Priv. Frank Covell, Co. A. Priv. Terrence Thomas, Co. B. Priv. John Smith, Co. H. May 13th. Corp. Charles. Bradley. May 24th. Patrick Fall, Co. D. THE NORTH ANNA BATTLES. 323 WOUNDED IN THE BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS: May 6th. Priv. Elisha Choate, Co. F, severe, left knee. Priv. Francis McKenna, Co. H, left arm. Priv. Frank Norman, Co. I. Priv. James Dunn, Co. I. Priv. Thomas Riley, Co. B, both thighs, severe. Priv. Angelo Chiconi, Co. B, left arm, amputated. Priv. Charles H. Preston, Co. B. Priv. Henry M. Smith, Co. C, right shoulder. Priv. Edward H. Goff, Co. C, both shoulders. Priv. Bernard Conway, left leg. Priv. Charles McDonald, Co. C, back. May 7th. Priv. James B. Reagan, Co. B. May 10th. Sergt. Nelson E. Knights, Co. D, slight. Priv. James Farrell, Co. F, slight. Priv. John Monihan, Co. F. Priv. Thomas Hall, Co. F. Priv. James Nichols, Co. F, hand, — finger ampu tated. Priv. Daniel Beadley, Co. I, severe, head. Sergt. John B. Ross, Co. I, slightly, shell wound, right leg. Sergt. George Brown, Co. A. Sergt. Albert H. Greenleaf, Co. A. Sergt. James Strange, Co. B. Sergt. Ernest A. Nichols, Co. C, left wrist. Sergt. Joseph Garfield, Co. K, severe, right shoulder. May 11th. Sergt. Edward Golden, Co. G, left knee. Sergt. Samuel Driver, Co. H, left hand. Sergt. George Very, Co. H. May 12th. Sergt. James Flannigan, Co. E, leg. Sergt. Patrick Gillespie, Co. E, left leg, severe. Sergt. Matthias Bixby, Co. F, left temple, severe. Sergt. William Ryan, Co. F. Sergt. Peter Nulty, Co. G, shell wound in head. Corp. Abraham Dow, Co. A, right knee. Corp. Peter Barton, Co. A. 324 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Corp. John Hill, Co. A. Corp. Patrick Berry, Co. B, severe. Corp. Albert Rogers, Co. C, left hand, finger ampu tated. Corp. Joseph Patrick, Co. C, thigh, severe. Sergt. Joseph Burns, Co. K, right forearm. Corp. Edward Williams, Co. K, head. Corp. John W. Hayes, Co. K. left hand. Corp. Thomas J. Salisbury, Co. K, head. May 13th. Corp. George Lamb, Co. I. Corp. Cornelius Buckley, Cp. A. Corp. George W. Rogers, Co. B. Corp. James Doyle, Co. I. May 18th. Corp. Carl Shock, Co. C. May 24th. Corp. J. H. Brown, Co. A, thigh, severe. Corp. John Cavanaugh, Co. D, left leg. Corp. Henry Hines, Co. D, right foot. Corp. Henry Perry, Co. E, ankle. Corp. Bartholomew Crowley, Co. G, severely, body. Corp. Benjamin F. Blaisdell, Co. G, severe, neck. June 3rd. Maj. Moncena Dunn, concussion, leg. Capt. Elisha A. Hinks, "Co. C, leg and shoulder. Capt. Henry A. Hale, Co. B. Capt. William L. Palmer, Co. E. Priv. Peter Stillman, Co. A, thigh. Priv. Henry G. Jennings, Co. G, breast and leg. Priv. Loring Johnson, Co. A, left thigh, died June 5th, 1864. Priv. Patrick Donovan, Co. C. Sergt. Benjamin H. Jellison, Co. I, severe, left knee. Sergt. James Corrigan, Co. I, severe, right side. Priv. Patrick W. Harvey, Co. K, head. Priv. William Hopkinson, Co. I, left hand. June 6th. Thomas Cooper, Co. C. June 7th. Priv. Stephen J. Younger, Co. B, left forearm. Priv. Sidney Cronk, Co. C. THE NORTH ANNA BATTLES. 325 RECAPITULATION. Officers killed, 3 wounded, 4 missing, 1 8 Enlisted men killed, 15 wounded, 57 missing, 8 80 88 uncertain as to the date when wounded: Mat 3rd to June 11th, 1864. Private Oliver Billson, Co. K, died May 26th, 1864. Private J. Mitchell, Co. H, left hip (June 3 ?) Private Wm. Leonard, Co. F, head (June 3rd ?) Private Ernest A. Nichols, Co. C, head (June 3rd?) Private Austin Stevens, Co. E, right arm (June 3rd?) Private Thomas Stanley, Co. A, right arm (June 3rd?) Sergeant H. McPartland, Co. F, right forearm (June 3rd ?) Sergt. B. W. Russell, Co. D, left hip (June 3rd?) Sergeant Patrick Nolan, Co. K, left leg (amputated June 3rd). Private Patrick Murphy, Co. K, died June 22nd, shoulder (June 3rd?) Sergeant Chas. Cross, Co. H, thigh (June 3rd?) Private Timothy O' Connell, Co. B, killed in action, June 19th. Private John Patch, right shoulder (June 3rd ?) CHAPTER XXXIX. CAPTURE OF THE REGIMENT. Hard fighting on every day since the battle of the Wilderness had reduced the list of officers to major, adjutant and four line officers, with the addition of First Sergeant Osborn of Co. B, who had been promoted on the march. The number of men had been reduced to 140, including the recruits received at Cold Harbor. At daylight on the morning of June 18th, the Nineteenth occupied a place in the front line and charged two lines of the enemy's works, driving in his skirmishers, but found him too strong in a third line. Several of the regiment were wounded and one was killed. The 19th was marked by rapid and continuous firing. The men were stationed on a farm and many picked peas and cooked them for dinner. At 9 P.M. of the 20th, after firing sharply all day, the men were relieved and ordered to the rear, where they rested for the night. At 10 A.M. of the 21st, they moved to the left where an attempt was being made to extend the Union lines so as to cut the Welden Railroad. They crossed the Jerusalem Plank Road and at 3 P.M. formed line of battle. At 5.30 P.M. the regiment was ordered out on the skirmish line and remained there until 12.30 P.M. of the 22nd, when the men threw up a rifle pit. They had lost one killed and three wounded by the enemy's sharp shooters. The enemy was in force, several batteries being so posted that they could protect the field, while the infantry was well cared for behind the works. The Nineteenth at this time had dwindled down so that it was in a single line and the formation was two companies instead of ten. Captain Hume commanded the right wing and Captain Adams the left. (326) CAPTURE OF THE REGIMENT. 327 Capt. Adams' memoirs cite the fact that "at noon the offi cers withdrew a little to the rear for dinner and in the conversa tion Major Dunn said, ' I fell asleep a little while ago and had a queer dream. We were lying just as we are here, and the rebels came in our rear and captured the entire regiment. ' ' The others laughed at his dream, saying they "guessed they would not go to Richmond that way" and returned to the line. The firing in front increased, with the batteries doing good work, for the rebels. At 3 P.M. the Second and Fifth Corps were ordered to advance. Barlow's and Gibbon's divisions being formed in line of battle, it is claimed that Barlow's men fell back on re ceiving the attack of the enemy. The nature of the ground was such that this movement was not perceived by Gibbon, it being uneven and covered with thick underbrush. Gibbon's men stood their ground and before they were aware of the fact, the bayonets of the enemy were at their back. In a moment the rebels had captured the majority of the Nineteenth Massachusetts, together with the Fifteenth Massa chusetts, the Forty-Second and Fifty-Ninth New York, part of the Eighty-Second New York and a few men from the Twen tieth Massachusetts, from the same brigade. Colonel Ansel D. Wass had been ill for some time, but rode up in an ambulance, arriving just in time to see it gobbled up by the enemy. About 30 men escaped from the general misfortune, being mostly men in the ranks, clerks, quartermasters, department cooks and sick men. The captured officers and men were hurried to the rear and were promptly relieved of hats, belts and personal property, despite their protests. "I had received that morning," says Lieutenant Joseph E. Hodgkins, of Co. K, "a little hat, weigh ing only an ounce, from home and had just placed it on my head when I was taken. A big rebel grabbed it and threw me this old one, — a very heavy one, so I got no comfort from my new cap from home. ' ' Michael Scannell, the color sergeant, had, with another color bearer, been standing at the rear of the line with the colors. 328 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Suddenly they were surrounded and a rebel demanded, — "You damned Yank, give me that flag! With his Irish spontaneity, Scannell responded, "Well, it's twenty years since I came to this country, and you're the first man who ever called me a Yankee. Take the flag for the compliment. ' ' The men were marched to a field outside the city and camped for the night. The roll was called and it was found that 153 of the Nineteenth had been captured and that 1600 men and 67 officers, all told, in the corps were prisoners. The names of the enlisted men captured are: Sergeant Giles D. Johnson. Sergeant Michael Scannell. Sergeant Marcus Kimball. Private James Dunn. Irving Walker. Albert Wszlaki. Sergeant Francis Osborn. Private Samuel A. Bridges. Patrick Brestow. James Kelley. Thomas Stringer. Sergeant Milton Ellsworth. Private Terrence Thomas. Francis Bradish. William E. Fletcher. George B. Otis. James Ridlon. Thomas Stone. Sergeant Nelson B. Knights. Corporal Abram Warner. Private Jacob Brill. Clarence P. Crane. Charles J. Chamberlain. William P. R. Estes. Patrick Fitzgerald. Charles B. Mills. Michael Kelly. CAPTURE OF THE REGIMENT. 329 Sergeant James Gormley. Sergeant James Clark. Hugh Demon. John Doherty. Daniel Corrigan. William Kelly. Edward C. Thompson. Thomas Hall. Michael O 'Leary. James Skerrett. Sergeant Robert J. Gamble. Sergeant James Clark. Corporal William H. Lambert. Corporal Elijah E. H. Mansur. Corporal George E. Morse. Edward Golden. William Haywood. Thomas Hill. James McCarthy. John McMannus. Levi Woofindale. George B. Symonds. Michael Broderick. John P. Driscoll. Benjamin Lummus. John Restell, Jr. Joshua Very. James Shinnick. Charles Becker. Sergeant James S. Smith. William Blake. James Harvey. Edwin B. Pratt. Corporal William P. Edwards. Stephen J. Younger. Benjamin F. Adams. John Lee (Co. F.) John Lee (Co. I.) 330 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Job Foster. William Richardson. James Beatty. Richard Doherty. Thomas Meagher. Edward Joy. James Smith. William Smith. Peter Johnson. John Hagan. Ernest Krantz. Edward McKenna. Eben D. Poole. William Farnham. Charles Dean. These 67 recruits had been forwarded to the regiment only the day before and were captured with the others. Co. A. Robert Boyd. Herman Weitzler. Robert A. Johnston. Bernard Van Ammon. Solomon Salter. Doffles Goarout. Carl Rummelsburg. Co. B. Joseph Richardson. William Doyle. Henry M. Allen. Charles Edwards. M. Sweeney. John McKane. John Scott. Co. C. Charles Belcher, Jr. Richard Meagher. Conrad Wilson. George Johnson. George Kent. •; William Anderson. CAPTURE OF THE REGIMENT. 331 Charles Sherman. Lewis Mortimer. Co. D. John Berden. David Spence. Thomas Lavey. George Barry. Frank Farren. Co. E. Patrick Flinn. Robert McAllen. James Smithers. Delos Gilbert. Thomas H. Collins. Stephen Hogan. Patrick Conway. Daniel Hoyt. Co. F. Nathan H. Roberts. George Dennett. Edward Haskins. William Haney. James McMahon. John Deansfield. Alexander Goodhue. William Dittmer. Co. G. August Weilmar. James Power. John Bryan. Joseph Reichardt. Joseph Robinson. Leonard A. Barnes. George Rice. James Brown. Thomas Clarke. Co. I. Albert M. Jenkins. Lewis Parent. John Lyford. William Sherris. Martin Smith. Charles Watson. 332 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Co. I. Ezra Delano. Owen Fallen. William Fane. Co. K. Edwin Smith. Francis Mackin. George A. Bixby. George Sargent. James Pike. Frank Somers. The official correspondence regarding the capture of the regiment is interesting. Headquarters, Nineteenth Mass. Vols. Near City Point, Va., June 26, 1864. Brig. Gen. Wm. Schouler, Adjt. Gen., Boston. General : It is my painful duty to report the capture, on the 22nd inst., near Petersburg, of the gallant Nineteenth Massachusetts Infantry. I need not add that only the desperate position into which they were forced made the idea of surrender for a moment tolerable to the regiment. If resistance had been at all available, it would have been made. The action in which they were taken was the 32nd action in which this splendid regiment had been engaged since its first organization. Six commissioned officers surrendered with the command, viz, — Major Moncena Dunn, of Boston, commanding, Adjutant William M. Curtis, of Randolph, Lieut. David F. Chubbuck, Capt. Lysander J. Hume, of Calais, Me., Lieut. J. G. B. Adams, of Groveland and Lieut. William A. MeGinnis, of Boston. One hundred and sixty enlisted men surrendered with the regiment, seventy of whom were recruits recently received with out descriptive rolls. The only complete list of these men was lost upon the person of Adjutant Curtis. For this reason it is impossible to supply a complete list of the men captured. A list as complete as possible will be supplied in a few days. The men who remain here, about 40, have been organized as a company, CAPTURE OF THE REGIMENT. 333 under command of First Sergeant William A. Stone, of Co. H. This company, with another organized in a similar manner from the remains of the Fifteenth Massachusetts, has been consoli dated temporarily as a battalion under command of Captain Brown of the Fifteenth. The following is a report of the Nineteenth: Present for duty, Com. Officers, 2 Enlisted men 41 Absent, Prisoners of war, Com. Officers, 6 Enlisted men 165 Detached service, 12 55 Sick, 1 163 In arrest, 2 ing: Total 21 426 Aggregate, 447 Respectfully submitted, Thomas F. Winthrop, 1st Lieut. Reg'tal Q. M.,- Com'd'g Regt On the monthly return for June, 1864, is written the follow- Headquarters Nineteenth Mass. Vols., Camp near Petersburg, 30th, June, 1864. I certify on honor that upon the capture of the 19th Mass. Vols, by the enemy near Petersburg, Va., 22nd, June, 1864, the regimental and company records necessary to the complete and proper filling up of this blank were captured in the possession of the Adjutant and the several company commanders. William F. Rice, First Lieut., 19th Mass. Vols. Commanding. This return also records the following: Col. Ansel D. Wass, absent sick, June 28, 1864. Lt. Col. Edmund Rice, prisoner of war, May 12, 1864. Surgeon J. F. Dyer, on detached service, serving as surgeon in chief 2nd Division. 334 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Asst. Surgeon Gustavus P. Pratt. Adjutant William M. Curtis, prisoner of war, June 22nd. Regimental quartermaster, Thomas F. Winthrop. Co. A. Captain Isaac H. Boyd, on detached service. First Lieut. Wm. F. Rice, commanding regiment. Co. B. First Lieut. Henry A. Hale, on detached service, 2nd Brig. 2nd Corps, March 15, 1863. First Lieut. Wm. E. Barrows, in charge 2nd Div. ambulance train. Co. C. Capt. Elisha A. Hinks, absent wounded, June 3rd, 1864 A. D. C. First Lieut. Wm. R. Driver, on detached service, 1st Brig. April 24, 1864. Co. D. Capt. Moncena Dunn, prisoner of war, June 22. First Lieut. David P. Chubbuck, prisoner of war, June 22. Co. E. Capt. Wm. L. Palmer, ordnance officer, 2nd Div. Co. F. Capt. Chas. M. Merritt, detached service, Mil. Head- q'rs, Washington since Nov. 29, 1862. Co. H. Capt. J. G. C. Dodge, on detached service in Massa chusetts. First Lieut. Chas. S. Palmer, on detached service, Div. Headq'rs. Co. I. Capt. Wm. A. Hill, Det. Service. First Lieut. J. G. B. Adams, prisoner of war, June 22. Co. K. Capt. Lysander J. Hume, prisoner of war, June 22. First Lieut. Wm. A. MeGinnis, prisoner of war, June 22. RECAPITULATION : Present, Commissioned officers, 2 Enlisted men 38 Absent, commissioned officers, On detached service, 11 Sick, 2 Prisoners of war, 7 20 CAPTURE OF THE REGIMENT. 335 Enlisted men, On detached service, 52 Sick, 165 In arrest, 2 Prisoners of war, 166 385 Died in action or from wounds : 1 Commissioned officers, 7 Enlisted men, 4 Missing in action, 4 16 Wounded in action, 17 Recruits required, , 563 CHAPTER XL. PRISON EXPERIENCES. The captured men were taken across the field into the rebel works and to their rear where they halted and remained through the night. The men were lively and appeared to be anxious to make the best of a bad predicament. In the morning their tents and blankets were taken away from them; some blankets being removed, even, while the men were asleep. The prisoners were then marched through Petersburg and they found it to be quite a pretty place. Their names, com panies and regiment were then registered and they camped for the day beside the Appomattox river. At daylight on June 24 they marched to the depot and took the cars to Richmond. There they were marched through the street, being 'quizzed' and called 'Yanks' and other names, until Libby Prison was reached. Here the haversacks, canteens and almost everything else, were taken away and the enlisted men were put in an old warehouse across the street from the prison, — over 200 being confined in one room. At night a ration of corn bread was issued to them, the first ration which the men had received since they were captured, two days before. Shortly after noon, the officers were ordered into the prison and got their first taste of Libby and of Dick Turner, its warden, who at once entered upon a search of their clothing for green backs, etc. On the second day after their arrival in Libby Prison, some negroes came in to swab the floor and among them was the former servant of Col. Devereux, — Johnnie — who had been left at White House Landing, ill with fever, when the army had started on its retreat down the Peninsula in the spring and was supposed to have died. He recognized several of the officers and did what little he could, without exposing himself to danger, (.336) PRISON EXPERIENCES. 337 to help them. From his condition, it was evident that his captors had not used him any too well. After remaining in Libby Prison for a week the officers, now numbering over a hundred, from recent captures, were taken across the river to Manchester, placed in cars and, after riding all day without food or water reached Lynchburg on the following morning. They were compelled to remain jammed in the cars, until noon, having to endure the sight of quantities of bread, pies, fruit, etc. in the hands of hucksters outside. The men were so hungry that they tore the rings from their fingers and gave of their most valuable possessions for loaves of bread. At noon, rations of twenty small hard tack and a small slice of maggoty bacon were issued and the men were told that this was enough for four days, — during which time they were to march from Lynchburg to Danville, the Union cavalry having destroyed the railroad connection between the two places. After marching for five miles, camp was made for the night and here the enlisted men of the Nineteenth and other regiments came up, but were not allowed to visit their officers. The officers and enlisted men were kept in close proximity to each other on the march, which was through a pleasant country and in good weather. The march was continuous until July 4, when Danville was reached, the prisoners being quartered there in an old warehouse. At night they were marched to the depot and while waiting for the train, enjoyed themselves by singing "The Star Spangled Banner" in honor of the day. On the following day, Macon, Ga., was reached and here the officers were compelled to again bid good bye to the men. The officers left the train, while the men were carried away to Andersonville. The officers were confined in the prison at Macon and endured all the sufferings incident to life in a rebel stockade. After remaining there until the last of July, they were taken to Charleston, S. C, and placed in the jail under fire of the Union batteries on Morris Island. In August they were paroled and taken to the old United States Marine Hospital, remaining there until Yellow Fever broke out in October. They were then taken to Columbia. From there a number escaped, but the 338 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. majority who ^survived were exchanged at different times during the next six or eight months. Lieut. "Billy" MeGinnis, always a source of fun, did not have the fondness for a joke starved out of him, even in a rebel prison. Most of his hair had fallen out by the time he was placed in "Camp Sorghum" at Columbia, S. C, and all he had to wear was a dressing gown which had been allotted to him from one of the Sanitary Commission's boxes which had been sent to the prison. With his bald head and unkept beard of gray, he appeared much older than he really was. One day a rebel officer who came into the office, saw MeGin nis walking about in his flowing robe, and exclaimed, "It's a shame. Ef I could I'd let thet po' ol' man go free." "Old man," exclaimed MeGinnis, "I guess not, yet," — and he turned a handspring in front of the kind hearted officer, who disappeared immediately. The personal diary of Joseph E. Hodgkins, at that time a sergeant in Company K, — one of those captured on June 22nd, gives an interesting description of the events in the rebel prisons and, except for dates, perhaps, the experiences he chronicles are similar to those of the others. He says: June 25, 1864. This afternoon we received a ration of corn bread and soup — and such soup. As the fellows say, they have to dive for a bean. In the afternoon they were stripped and searched. June 26th. Were taken from Libby to Belle Isle, a hot, sultry place, i June 29th. Received rations of bread and pork or ham fat early this morning and left the island. Marched to the depot and took cars, riding all day and into the night, and stopped at Lynchburg. Had but little water today. June 30th. Spent last night in the cars. Sold my inkstand and pocketbook for three small loaves of bread, which I divided with two of my comrades. One of our boys paid 50cts. for an onion and another paid $10.00 for a thin blackberry pie. I have seen men pay $2.00, $5.00 and even $7.00 for loaves of bread. Received four days' rations, as we arc to march to Danville. Rations consisted of twenty crackers and about a pound of ham fat. The distance to Danville is 45 miles and the reason for our march is the fact that the railroad is torn up by Yankee troops. Started just before night and before dark halted in a swampy place where we spent the night. PRISON EXPERIENCES. 339 • July 1st. Marched nearly all day and camped on the bank of Stanton River. Have suffered terribly for water, it being very scarce, except at farmhouses, where the rebel guard would not allow us to stop and get a drink. July 2nd. Marched until nearly sunset. July 3rd. Marched at daylight. Rations gave out at noon. Halted toward sunset on the bank of a river and camped for the night. July 4th. Marched until along in the forenoon when we arrived in Danville', where we were put into some old brick buildings and we have to go a few at a time to get a drink. At dark received a small piece of ham fat, about two inches square, but nothing to eat with it. Can hardly stand the pangs of hunger. July 6th. This morning marched to the railroad where we took bag gage cars for Georgia. There were 56 men in one car. Arrived at Charlotte, N. C, about dark, left the cars and camped for the night in a field. July 8th. This rnorning took the cars again and rode all day, passing through a number of places in South Carolina, the last being Columbia We stopped a short distance outside the city. July 9th. This forenoon we started again at 11 o'clock, with 50 men in a carload and road all day and night. July 10th. Sabbath. Arrived in Augusta, Ga., at three o'clock this morning. Started in afternoon again and rode all night. July 11th. Arrived at Anderson ville, Ga., this forenoon. Saw Capt. Wirz who was in command. He is a medium sized German with a disa greeable countenance and an ugly way. We had to stand in line for a long time in the sun, although some of our men were sick with Diarrhea, etc. We were then divided into divisions of ninety men and then into squads of thirty, a sergeant being placed over each. We were then marched into the dirtiest place I ever saw, where were 27,000 half starved men moving about like so many maggots, with nothing to do but to look around. Received rations of mush, salt and ham fat. - . _.. July 16th. Rations of mush, meal and molasses. July 17th. Rations, — a pint of mush and molasses for all day. July 18th. Rations, — nothing, — not a mouthful. Oh, for a good home meal. July 22nd. In the morning a ration of mush was brought in but it was poor and, hungry .as I was, I could not swallow it. Aug. 5th. Rations — a pint of boiled rice and meat. Aug. 25th. Rations changed today Bread, a small piece of ham fat less than a pint of raw, buggy beans and a small piece of raw, fresh beef. For wood to cook with we had two pine branches to be divided between 90 men. Aug. 26th. Rations — bread, ham fat and rice. About all we think of is rations. 340 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Aug. 28th. James Ridlon, of Co. E, died today. Aug. 30th. Henry Bowler, of Lynn, died today. Sept. 7th. The Rebs commenced to take out the prisoners by detach ments today, they say to exchange. We have orders to be ready at a moment's notice. Oct. 1st. Oh, for something new. Oct. 13th. Pleasant today. Suffer terribly by nigh't. My cloths are wearing out. My shirt is almost in pieces, my blouse sleeves are about gone. Cold weather is coming on. Only about one meal per day. What are we coming to? God help me! Oct. 24th. Charlie Rowley died today. Thus the old Nineteenth is quickly dwindling away. Nov. 3rd. Ordered to be sent to the prison pen at Miller, 85 miles further north. Marched to the cars. Nov. 4th. Entered the stockade this morning hke a drove of pigs in a pig pen. Nov. 5th. Have just passed a very cold night. The wind blew con siderably and seemed to go right through me and that isn't saying much for there isn't much of me to go through just now. Nov. 21st. Ordered off to the depot about night. Nov. 22nd. Arrived at Savannah about four this afternoon. Nov. 25th. Received no rations today. Heard an outsider say that five hundred sick were to be paroled today. Thought I would fall in with them and see if I could not get out of imprisonment for I have had enough of it. After noon a rebel officer came into camp and gave the order to fall in. I thought perhaps that was the chance for me, so fell in with a great many others . . , . After dark, moved to the outskirts of the city. Paroled at 10 o'clock tonight. Nov. 26th. Sat up all night. Very cold. Received no rations this morning; Terribly hungry. About noon marched to the river, took the rebel flag of truce boat and steamed down the Savannah river to our trans ports, which we boarded. As we came in sight of our boats and before leaving the rebel boat, cheers were given for the glorious Stars and Stripes which we had not seen for over five months. MEMBERS OF THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY WHOSE NAMES APPEAR ON THE REGISTER OF ANDER- SONVILLE PRISON AS HAVING DIED THERE DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. Adams, Sanford B. Priv. Co. H. Sept. 23, 1864. Allen, John, C. Sept. 25, 1864. Barnes, Leonard A., F. Sept. 5, 1864. PRISON EXPERIENCES. 341 Blake, Wm. H., K. Bradish, Francis, C. Bree, George, F. Clemment, John, B. Dame, Redford, G. Delano, Ezra, G. Deansfield, John, F. Edwards, Charles, B. Ellers, Heindrick, H. Farrell, George, E. Finnegan, Patrick, A. Hogan, Stephen, E. Hoyt, Daniel, E. Johnston, Robert A., A. Levoin, Charles, I. Ludlow, James, A. McCann, John, F. Mitchell, John, H. Mortimer Louis, D. Murray, Thomas, A. Nietman, August, F. Osborne, William, A. Robinson, Henry, H. Rowley, Charles A., H. Sabiens, Edward, K. Sargent, George O, H. Shinnick, James, H. Smith, John H, A. Somers, Frank, H. Spence, David, D. Walker, Arthur, H. Warner, Abraham F. Corp., D. Willard, Parsons S. G. Willis, Calvin W., Wilson, William, C.B. Oct. 12, 1864. July 27, 1864. Aug. 8, 1864. Sept. 5, 1864. June 12, 1864. (Regimental report says killed May 6, 1864, Wilderness.) Nov. 3, 1864. ' Aug. 28, 1864. Nov. 4, 1864. Oct. 12, 1864. (Mass. Vols, report says discharged June 30, 1865.) Nov. 7, 1864. Aug. 24, 1864. Aug. 18, 1864. Sept. 19, 1864. Aug. 16, 1864. Aug. 28, 1864. Aug. 29, 1864. Nov. 25, 1864. (Mass. Vols, says dis charged May 4, 1865 disability.) Nov. 3, 1864. Sept. 7, 1864. Feb. 9, 1865. Mar. 15, 1865. Aug. 7, 1864. Oct. 3, 1864. Oct. 26, 1864. Aug. 10, 1864. Nov. 1, 1864. (Mass. Vols, says dis charged June 30, 1865.) Oct. 23, 1864. Aug. 15, 1864. Nov. 17, 1864. Aug. 19, 1864. (Report says dis charged June 30, 1865.) June 15, 1864. Nov. 23, 1864. (Feb. 13, 1862.) Oct. 26, 1864. (Mass. Vols, says dis. June 30, 1865, as W. L. Parsons.) July 17, 1864. (Name does not appear in Mass. Vols.) Oct. 8, 1864. (Adjt. Gen. Report says discharged June 30, 1865.) 342 "V THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. The regimental returns also state that the hospital records at Andersonville give three names of men having died there, not in this list. Ridlon, James, Co. C. Millard, P., G. Spar, H. H. The diary of Sergt. Joseph E. Hodgkins also states that Henry Bowler died there on Aug. 30th, 1864. CHAPTER XLI. REORGANIZATION. THE ENGAGEMENT AT DEEP BOTTOM AND REAM'S STATION. From the 23rd of June until July 26th, the regiment, com posed of those who had escaped capture, returned convalescents and recruits from depot were reorganized by First. Lieut. Wm. F. Rice, of Brighton, the senior officer left for duty, under whose command it performed much arduous and important work, and was exposed many days. Advantage was taken of the little time not consumed in the above fatigue duties, in drilling the recruits, who were brought up to a good degree of efficiency under the above-named officer's supervision. Here 62 more recruits were received from the depot. At 4 P. M. on the 26th of July, the regiment under orders with the brigade, took up the line of march to the Appomattox, which was crossed on pontoons at 11 P. M. of that night, and continued on until 9 A. M. of the following morning (July 27), crossing the James at Deep Bottom at the above hour, and halted in the breastworks on the north bank after a forced march of 20 miles. In front was an open field for half a mile, with a slight rise on the opposite side to which the woods extended. Skirmishers advanced and engaged those of the enemy with vigor. The enemy had a battery of four pieces on his right, and one on the left, which for some minutes, shelled the breastworks, in which the First Brigade lay, when they were silenced by a bat tery on the right and the shells of the gunboats in the rear. The regiment lay in support during the afternoon and, during the night, threw up breastworks on the crest of a hill overlook ing an open field of a mile in width and which terminated in other hills and woods, in the edge of which the morning showed (343) 344 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. the enemy entrenched— the intermediate space being occu pied by both skirmishers, who fired continuously. In the morning the command was relieved from - these works, and in the afternoon (28th) marched rapidly down to the right of the line and speedily threw up some works and rested for a couple of hours, anticipating a flank movement of the enemy, and' at the same time being in supporting distance of the cavalry who were engaging the enemy. The skirmishers who had been out all the afternoon were then called in, and the regiment retraced its steps to the scene of the fight of the 27th. Occupied that night and the next day in strengthening its position. At dusk fell back under orders, and commenced the return., march toward Petersburg, which was reached on the 30th of July, and were immediately placed in reserve of the Fifth Corps,' who occupied the front line of works, and who had been heavily engaged all day. Remained there until 7 P. M. exposed to the enemy's shells, some of which exploded in the brigade, and at that hour proceeded to the camp vacated on the 26th, being on the move during that time, and the men were thoroughly tired out by their four days ' operations, dur ing which they marched by day and worked by night. Col. Wass had been mustered out on the 28th, his term of service having expired, and Lieut. Col. Rice was commissioned Colonel but the depleted numbers of the regiment did not allow of promotions to fill the other vacancies, Captains Merritt and Hale ,and Lieut. Driver having been discharged to receive other appointments. Lieut. Col. Rice who had escaped from prison, returned to the regiment with a new set of colors early in the month of August and at once assumed command, but only one flag, the National, was ever carried afterward. He found the com mand in very bad shape, numerically, as an official report dated August 16th, 1864, shows. The enlisted men then borne upon the rolls numbered 486. with 17 commissioned- officers, — a total of 503. The report says: ' 'AmonJ the offi cers are included the following Field and Staff; one Lieuten ant Colonel, one Major, two Surgeons, one Quartermaster and REORGANIZATION. 345 one Adjutant, which leaves but 11 officers (of whom only two are present) for duty. The command in the field num bers 100. Prisoners of war and absent, sick and wounded which latter are daily returning, convalescent amount now to 317, the balance being upon detached service in the field. Only two First Lieutenants are present, one of them acting as Adjutant, and most of the men are recruits." On the 12th of August another movement to the north of the James was begun. The little command broke camp and took up its line of march in brigade toward City Point which was reached at 9.30 P.M. There the men embarked on a transport, which moved out and anchored with the rest of the fleet. At 10 P.M. the boats moved down the river but, under cover of the night, returned and ascended the James, arriving at Deep Bottom at midnight, and at 7 A. M. of the 14th, the men debarked. After a short rest the regiment moved off in brigade and occupied the ground of the fight of the 26th ult., but were almost immediately sent forward to the support of the First Division which were engaging the enemy. The Nineteenth received its share of the shells from the enemy, which were in force at Strawberry Plains, or Deep Bot tom Run. The men remained in support of the skirmishers until 4 P. M., when the regiment, in its place in the brigade, charged the enemy's works, which, beside being of a formida ble nature, were upon the opposite side of a deep ravine. The regiment became much exposed here before descending, losing Privates John Ingalls, of Co. D, and Benjamin Nichols, of Co. G, killed, and six wounded. They succeeded in occupying the enemy's advanced rifle pits until night, the enemy's main posi tion being of unusual strength and situated on the summit of a bluff. Then the regiment fell back under orders, and having reformed in brigade, took up a position in the rear of the works which had been thrown up. They occupied these works during the following day, supporting a section of the Sixth Maine Battery, which opened fire at 1.45 P. M. and con tinued until dusk. Much praise was given the Nineteenth as most of its men were recruits recently received. 346 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. The night of the 16th was spent in quietness. On the 17th there was very heavy firing in front all day. Flags of truce were sent out twice. The night passed as did the pre vious one. At 4 P. M. of the 18th, the right being heavily engaged, the enemy opened fire with artillery and the men were placed in readiness to repel any advance which might be made. At 9 P. M. the command took ground to the left, which brought it in proximity to the river, when the regiment, together with the Twentieth Massachusetts, were detailed to throw up works, which occupied the night. . During the day and night of the 19th it rained incessantly and nothing of importance transpired in the immediate vicin ity, beyond that the enemy was observed to have strength ened his position. At dusk of the 20th they received orders to retrace steps toward Petersburg. The night being very dark and a heavy rain falling, contributed to make the march of 20 miles in the highest degree laborious. At midnight of the 20th the regiment crossed the Appomattox on pontoons and arrived in camp at 9 A. M. on the 21st. Notwithstanding the small strength of the regiment, it performed a considerable share of the picket and fatigue duties incidental to the expedition and in the charge of the 14th, the majority of the recruits, who had never been under fire before, behaved in a manner which ex ceeded expectation. On arriving in front of Petersburg, again the little brigade immediately moved up to the support of the Fifth Corps, which had again been engaged with the enemy and had lost heavily. The regiment lay in support until the evening of the 23rd, when it started for Ream's Station on the Welden Railroad, and upon arrival at the depot, the regiment oc cupied for a short time the works upon the north side, when it was ordered out as skirmishers to protect the front of the remainder of the brigade (four regiments) which, under the command of Colonel Rice, was engaged in destroying, in a more complete manner, railroad property, etc., which had been but partially damaged by the cavalry. Toward evening the REORGANIZATION. 347 regiment was called in, and, with the brigade, occupied the works on the south side of the railroad. On the evening of the 25th the command, in the brigade, lay for some time in a cornfield ^ near the road, where it had moved down to support skirmishers who had become engaged with those of the enemy and who also were in support of a battery which lay upon the left front, and which was en gaged with some of the enemy's artillery. Early in the after noon the regiment was withdrawn from here and made a detour through the field before alluded to, arriving in the rear of the First Division, Gen. Miles, which occupied the works first mentioned, and lay in close support. The enemy charged at this time and were handsomely repulsed. About 3 P. M. the regiment was detached from the brigade and occupied some very slight works on the rise of the hill in rear of the cornfield, and in the rear of the first line of its own, Gibbon's, division. It was in easy range of the enemy's musketry and in full view of his artillery. The latter was not slow to take advantage of this and opened on them with his guns, and for some time the regi ment was under a terrific fire of solid shot and shell. At this time the right of the troops occupying the front fine of works were flanked and driven in with great confusion, and the Nineteenth, under the impression that the brigade was about to charge and endeavor to change the fortunes of the day, advanced toward the enemy on the "double-quick" under a galling cross fire, but, observing that the regiment alone had charged, it was halted and re-formed behind a couple of houses, and returned and took its place in the brigade. The enemy had by this time turned the left of the lines and came pouring in, the fire at this moment coming from three points — front, rear and left flank and the enemy's shelling being kept up with much effect, this command was withdrawn at dusk, being the last to leave the field. Re-forming in the woods, the men marched to the rear under orders, having lost 21 men missing, 9 wounded and 2 killed. Only three of the original regiment was in service at this time. 348 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Casualties at Reams Station, Aug. 25, 1864. Co. F. Capt. Isaac N. Mudgett, captured by the enemy. Co. H. Private John Lee, wounded. Co. D. Private George Soper, wounded. MISSING IN ACTION: Co. A. Private Benjamin Adams, James E. Beatty William Robinson B. Wm. P. Edwards Richard Doherty Stephen J. Younger C. Wm. Farnham Job Foster Wm. Richardson Eben D. Poole D. John Hagan Edward Joy E. Peter Johnson F. John Lee James Smith Thomas Meagher H. Edward JVEcKenna Sydney Smith Earnest ^Krantz Charles Dean Joseph Hill These casualties occurred during the last charge of the enemy which took place at dark and they were all marked ' 'Missing in Action. ' ' They were captured, confined in Libby Prison and paroled on Sept. 24th, 1864. On the 30th of August the command went into camp in the vicinity of the " Williams House," and while there the discharge of 90 men, whose terms of service had expired, was effected. The Monthly Report, dated August 31, shows the following: REORGANIZATION. 349 Present: Commissioned officers, for duty, 5 Acting Adjutant, 1 6 Enlisted men, for duty, 72 Absent: Commissioned Officers, On detached service, 4 With leave, 1 Sick, 7 12 Enlisted men, on detached service, 30 Sick, 265 In arrest, 2 297 Loss : Commissioned officers, Mustered out, 5 Enlisted men, discharged, exp. of service, 90 Killed in action, 2 Missing in action, 3 Prisoners of war, 20 Deserted, 5 122 Wounded in action, 17 While the regiment had been so busily engaged, the fol lowing self-explanatory orders were issued, which reflected much credit upon this command: Headquarters 2nd Army Corps, Sept. 19th, 1864. "Circular" Division commanders will send in as early as prac ticable requisitions for Spencer rifles to arm one or two good regiments in each division. By command of Major General Hancock, Signed, William Wilson, A.A.A.G. Headquarters 2nd Div. 2nd Army Corps. Sept. 20th, 1864. Official. The First Delaware Volunteers and the 19th Mass achusetts Volunteers are hereby designated as the regiments 350 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. to bear the above arm. The commanders of the above named regiments will at once send in requisitions for the same. By order of Col. Thos. A. Smythe, Com'd'g Division, Signed, A. Henry Embler, Capt. &. A. A. A. G. CHAPTER XLII. BATTERIES ELEVEN AND TWELVE AND FORT RICE. BATTLE AT BOYDTON PLANK 'ROAD. The duty at Batteries Eleven and Twelve and Fort Rice was laborious and trying in the highest degree, one-third of the men being constantly under arms, and the remainder were usu ally absorbed by heavy picket or fatigue details. Artillery firing took place daily, but owing to the protection afforded by trav erses and bomb proofs (erected by the men under command of Col. Rice, commanding the garrison) they lost but one man killed and one wounded while "on the line.'" Being relieved at Fqrt Rice on the 24th of October, the men went to the rear and "massed" in division, the Division then being commanded by Gen. Egan. At 2 P. M. of the 26th they went upon a reconnoissance upon the left; halted and bivouacked for the night on the old battle ground of the Fifth Corps, on the Welden Road. About 3 A. M. of the 27th the march was resumed and shortly after daylight came upon the enemy in force and intrenched. The Division charged and drove them out of their works in haste. The First Brigade formed in fine of battle and the Nineteenth was deployed as skirmishers when the whole advanced. The men skirmished all the morning and advanced their lines a Couple of miles. Finally the enemy withdrew and the regiment was called in and marched rapidly to the left. Upon striking the Boydton Plank Road, the regiment again formed in fine of battle, under a heavy fire of artillery. But one of the Division's batteries opened upon the enemy and he withdrew his guns almost immediately. The regiment then advanced down the road and formed in line of battle in a large field. The engagement now became general and fierce, and owing to the superior numbers of the enemy, (351) 352 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. 4 P. M. found the men nearly surrounded and fighting in every direction. Half of the regiment was sent out as skirmishers, and captured five officers and 50 men and the colors of the Forty Seventh North Carolina regiment. The colors were taken by Sergt. Daniel Murphy, who was especially deputed by the command ing officer to present them to the Secretary of War, which he did, and received a medal of honor from that official. The Seventh Michigan having also taken a large num ber of prisoners, the assistance of the remainder of the regiment was called to aid in bringing them in. At 5 P. M. the fight ing ceased and at 9 P. M. the troops were withdrawn. Thirty men of the regiment were left on the skirmish fine, under Lieu tenants Condon and Aytoun all night, and the next morning, on finding that the troops had been withdrawn, they made their escape, during which they were attacked by the enemy's cavalry and three fell into the hands of the latter. The regiment lost 11 "missing in action" as follows: Co. C. Sergt. E. A. Nichols. Co. A. Private Geo. F. Francis. Co. B. Nicholas Doyle. James P. Brown. Co. C. James Craig. S. S. Lee. Charles Payson. E. Tuttle. Co. G. D. Mahoney. Co. H. Octave Bennett. Co. I. Chas. Routnair. The regimental return for October, 1864,-makes note of the following changes in the command. Captain Elisha A. Hinks, discharged for disability, on account of wounds, Oct. 7th, 1862. Capt. Wm. F.Rice, discharged, expiration of service, Oct. 9, 1864- Quartermaster Thomas F. Winthrop, discharged, expiration of service, October 9th, 1864. Lieut. Chas. S. Palmer, discharged, expiration of service, Oct. 9, 1864. BATTERIES ELEVEN AND TWELVE AND FORT RICE. 353 Capt. Isaac N. Mudgett, transferred by S. O. 250, W. D., Oct. 21st, 1864. Lieut. Geo. M. Ritchie, promoted from Quartermaster Sergeant, Oct. 21. Lieut. J. Frederick Aytoun, promoted from Sergeant, Oct. 13th, 1864. Lieut. Ed. N. Schoff, promoted from hospital steward, Oct. 21, 1864. Gain: October 21 1864. First Andrew Sharpshooters, consolidated with Nineteenth Massachusetts, by S. 0. 289, W. D., A. G. O. Co. K. Sergt. Chas. Harrington. Corp. Samuel D. Chase. Private Marcus P. Arnold. Private Noah Bentley. Private Ed. Bestwick. Private Geo. E. Franklin. Private Frank Matto. Private A. G. Plympton. Private Lott I. Randall. Private Thomas C. Smith. Private Wm. H. Warner. Private Henry L. Wheelock. Private Chas. O. Wolcott. Private James F. Woodruff. Private Joseph A. Young. The regiment was, on the 1st of November, ordered up to the front to form part of the garrison of Fort Steadman and Battery 10, the most important works on the line, and in close proximity (270 yards) tojthe enemy's. The regiment remained there during the month of November, which was very rainy. Picket duty was very hard, and, as was the custom, one-third of the men were always under arms. The life was somewhat exciting. The officers living in tents, while all the others lived in bomb proofs, had more than their share of the risks. Their tents were never disturbed by a shell 354 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. although pieces of bursting shells often fell near them. During the evenings the officers would sit down to a game of euchre and perhaps in the middle of a hand they would find it nec essary to turn out the men and prepare to receive an attack. At such times, it usually was "Lieutenant, remember it's your turn." "Yes, who dealt?" After the alarm was over, they would come back, pick up their cards and continue the game. During the stay here, Captain J. G. C. Dodge was trans ferred to the 61st Massachusetts Vols, and promoted to Major therein. The enemy plied their mortar shells, etc., often and with vigor against the works. The impression prevailing that the fort was being undermined, counter-mining took place, in which operation this regiment participated. A Division of the Corps relieving the Second Division on the 29th of November, the regiment went down to the extreme left on the 30th and on December 1st, received orders and proceeded to build winter quarters. They were but partly finished when the Nineteenth was ordered away and were again assigned the duty of occupying trenches and other works on the left and front of the line. On the 12th of December the men were ordered to the rear, and, in conjunction with the Seventh Michigan, garrisoned Fort Emory on the Vaughan Road and there remained until the operations of the spring campaign began. On the 15th, Gen. Meade made a presentation of medals to men who had captured colors during the campaign of 1863, when Sergeants Jellison and De Castro were made recipients of two medals of honor, in recognition of gallantry on the field of Gettysburg. Two other non-commissioned officers of this regiment, who had taken colors from the enemy, viz: Sergeants Benjamin Falls and Samuel E. Viall, were not spared to this proud honor, having met a soldier's death during the present campaign. The regiment had to lament the loss of Lieut. John J. Ferris, who had been promoted from the rank of pri vate, step by step, for soldierly qualities, but particularly BATTERIES ELEVEN AND TWELVE AND FORT RICE. 3 for his coolness and bravery in action. Captain Mumford and Lieutenant Thompson also met their deaths in the fearless discharge of their duties and during the following actions respectively; 12th of May, Spottsylvania Court House; 31st of May, Jones' Farm, and 3d of June, Cold Harbor. Captain Hinks was severely wounded in this engagement, after having acquitted himself with marked bravery during the preceding part of the campaign. The regiment also sustained severe loss by the death of valuable and efficient non-com missioned officers, among whom may be mentioned Sergeants Falls, Russell, Brown, Ross and Viall. The regiment commenced the campaign with 7 officers and 211 men. Of the former 3 were killed, 1 severely wounded, and 3 captured. There were received, during the campaign recruits and convalescents to the number of 275, and out of these (486 men in all), but 27 remained present for duty. The roster on Dec. 31, 1864, showed the following: Gain, by recruits from depot, 37 Condition, Present, Commissioned officers, 7 For duty, 7 On extra or daily duty, 5 12 Enlisted men, For duty, 128 On extra or daily duty, 31 159 Absent, Commissioned officers, Sick, 7 Enlisted men, On detached service, 5 With leave, 2 Sick, 338 In arrest, 5 350 Present and absent, Commissioned officers, 19 Enlisted men, 509 528 356 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS EEGIME5T. The Monthly Return, dated Jan. 31st, 1865, showed the following: Lieut. Col. Edmund Rice, present. Surgeon Gustavus P. Pratt, present. Adjt. Fred J. Aytoun, present. Regimental Quartermaster Geo. M. Ritchie, present. Co. A. Capt. Isaac H. Boyd, on detached service, Inspector 1st Brig. 1st. Div. First Lieut. Wm. M. Curtis, prisoner of war. Co. B. Capt. Wm. E. Barrows, on detached service, A. D. C. to Maj. Gen. Webb. First. Lieut. Jos. E. Hodgkins, present; Co. C. First Lieut. Wm. A. Stone, present. Co. D. Capt. Moncena Dunn, prisoner of war. First Lieut. Wm. A. MeGinnis. prisoner of war. Second Lieut. Wm. H. libbers, present, promoted Jan. 28, 1863. Co. E. Capt. I. N. Mudgett, prisoner, of war. First Lieut. Ed. N. Schoff, on detached service, acting provost marshal! 2nd Div. 2nd Corps. Co. G. Capt. John P. Congdon. Co. H. First Lieut. D. J. M. A. Jewett. Co. I. First Lieut. J. G. B. Adams, prisoner of war. Second Lieut. John T. Ross, present, promoted, Jan. 25, 1865. Co. K. Capt. L. J. Hume, paroled prisoner of war, Dec. 11, 1864. First Lieut. Jos. Libby, present. Recruits received from depot, 19. On January 24th, First Lieut. Jos. E. Hodgkins, who had just returned from Andersonville prison, was assigned to Co. B. and placed in command of it. CHAPTER XLIII. hatcher's run. news of lee's surrender. From December 16, 1864, until February 5, 1865, the regiment remained at Fort Emory, on the Vaughan Road. On February 5, marching orders were received. At 5 A. M. the regiment joined the brigade and marched out on to the Vaughan Road to take part in the expedition which ended in the battle of Hatcher's Run. They tramped to within half of a mile of the junction of the Gravelly Run and the Vaughan Road, where the corps massed. Gen. Humphreys ,had succeeded Gen. Hancock in command of the corps. The division was commanded by Gen. William Hays, although at this particular time it was in charge of Gen. Thomas A. Symth, of the Third Brigade, while the Second Brigade was in charge of Col. William A. Olmstead of the 59th New York Regiment. General Smyth was ordered to send one of his regiments out to find the enemy and feel their position. For this impor tant work the Nineteenth Massachusetts was detailed. Col. Rice at once advanced the regiment as ordered and struck the enemy's skirmishers near the junction of the roads, where the enemy occupied a position naturally strong, which they had covered with strong earthworks. The salient of their position was the house and mill of Mr. Armstrong, where the enemy had concentrated their greatest force. Five companies of the Nine teenth deployed as skirmishers to the right of the house, two in its front, and one to the left; the remaining companies in support advanced, engaged the enemy's skirmishers and drove them back on their lines of battle, and carried the enemy's works near the ford, fighting heavily and constantly. (357) 358 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. During this fighting, Lieut. William H. Tibbetts, of Co. E, was killed while attempting to force a passage of the Run with his little company. He was a brave and skillful officer and his conduct and memory will never be forgotten. He had been promoted only five days before, from Sergeant Major. Col. Rice ordered a stretcher to be brought out for him, and Co. A. and Co. B. under Lieut. Hodgkins were sent out to relieve his command. They advanced on the double quick and reached the position without injury, although the bullets fell thickly about them. Lieut. Tibbetts was taken to the rear where he died in a short time. Robert E. Pike, of Co. E, was also found to have been killed and three of the men had been wounded. The enemy in front of Companies A and B disappeared suddenly, and for two hours nothing was seen of them. Finally a large company of rebels led by an officer on horse back was seen going on the double-quick for a small redoubt directly in front of the little command from the Nineteenth. Several volleys were fired at them, but despite these the enemy gained the shelter and immediately opened a terrible fire which drove the two companies back to the rear and right. Soon afterward the regiment advanced and silenced them and they declined to contest further at this point. At about 2 P. M. the men threw up light rifle pits which were occupied at 4 P. M. Then the enemy opened a furious fire of shot and shell, simultaneously with the works in front but with no effect upon the Nineteenth. During the night the firing was light and confined to the pickets, the regiment continuing to occupy the works. Casualties,— Feb. 5th, 1865. Killed,— Second Lieut. Wm. H. Tibbetts. Private R. E. Pike, Co. E. Wounded, Private William Mills, Co. A, left arm. Private M. Gorey, Co. E, abdomen. Sergt. Daniel J. Murphy, Co. F, abdomen. hatcher's run. 359 Everything remained in comparative quiet until 4, P. M., Feb. 6, when, upon advance of the Fifth Corps, the enemy opened with great vigor upon their whole line. After fighting -about an hour and a half, the Fifth Corps fell back hastily, and in some confusion, leaving this regiment (in the extreme advance) in a very exposed position, its left flank entirely exposed to the enemy, from which, however, the regiment extracted itself without leaving its position. During the night of the 6th the firing was confined to the pickets. On the afternoon of the 7th the Fifth Corps again ad vanced and succeeded in recovering their position. During the day a heavy shower of rain and snow rendered military movements almost impossible. On the 8th the men began throwing up a permanent line of works, and on the 10th commenced a new winter camp in rear of the line, without anything of importance occurring until the 25th of March, except a Corps review by Gen. Grant, Gen. Meade and others on March 11th. There were 135 recruits received at this camp, and the following transfers are recorded: Major Moncena Dunn, prisoner of war, since June 22, 1864, promoted from Capt., Co. D. Co. D. First Lieut. Wm. A. MeGinnis, prisoner of war, transferred from Co. E. E. First Lieut. John T. Ross, in command of com pany, appointed to company since last return. I. First Lieut. Chas. C. Filley, in command of com pany, appointed to company since last return. Transfers : B. Sergt. William Elliot. B. Sergt. Harrison Bowyer, from Co. K, Feb. 19th. D. Sergt. Ernest A. Nichols, from Co. C, Feb. 1st. E. Sergt. John O'Brien, from Co. D, Feb. 1st. E. Sergt. John H. Steele, from Co. C, Feb. 1st. K. Corp. William Tirrell, from Co. H, Feb. 1st. K. Private Wm. Edward Fletcher, from.Co. C, Feb. 1st. K. Quartermaster Sergt. JohnLee,from Co. F, Feb. 1st. 360 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. The dawn of March 25 was "ushered in by the sullen roar of the hostile artillery at Fort Steadman, when Gen. Lee made that morning the last attack upon the Union lines which he ever had the audacity to make. Every one was on the qui vive. Gen. Humphreys, with his accustomed promptitude, instantly took advantage of the enemy having depleted his forces to swell the column of attack on the right. Shortly the Second Corps was in motion and early in the day threw itself with its traditional vigor and impetuosity upon the advanced lines of Lee which were carried and held with small loss. The Nine teenth Massachusetts regiment, for the first time in its history, became the spectators of a great action. The First and Second Divisions being held in reserve, no loss was sustained by this regiment, which supported, for the greater part of the day, the Tenth Massachusetts Battery. At dark, the Brigade moved out on the cross roads about two miles. At 11 P. M. returned to the works and lay on their arms until 3 A. M. of the 26th, when they returned to camp and occupied their old quarters. On the night of the 28th it became known that the Army of the Potomac would move on the enemy's works the following day. That night the regiment went out on picket upon the ad vanced line near Hatcher's Run, occupying ground held by the enemy on the morning of the 25th. At 9 A. M. of the 29th the regiment moved to join the corps, being relieved by the One Hundredth New York and Eleventh Maine of the Fourth Corps. At 11 A. M. rejoined the corps upon the ground formerly oc cupied by the Fifth Corps. During the afternoon a rapid advance was made. After heavy skirmishing the enemy abandoned their advanced line immediately in front of Dabney's Mills. The Corps occupied these works during the night. In the morning this regiment advanced with the Corps in line of battle through woods and slashing about one mile, and occupied a crest of land at the Burgess House, immediately in front of the salient of the enemy's interor line. Here the men lay all day, during a heavy rain and constant skirmishing, without loss. Part of the troops were engaged all day in throwing up works in the front. On Friday, the 31st, the regiment moved to the left of the works, and moved still further to the left hourly during the day. hatcher's run. 361 Heavy fighting by the Fifth Corps, First Division, Second Corps and cavalry on the left. Heavy firing on the flank in the after. noon, but without loss in the Nineteenth. At night moved still further to the left and took part in support of General Mott, one half mile east of the Boydton Plank Road. On Saturday, April 1, the regiment moved to the right, nearly to the old position, at the Burgess House; remained there until 5 P. M.,when they were moved out in front and began to throw up a new fine of works, with the right advanced. Heavy cannonading was carried on at the right nearly all day. At that time the Confederate lines had been pushed back to the Burgess Mill, near the junction of the Boydton and White Oaks Road, where there were two earthwork forts with three guns. At 6 A.M. April 2nd, the regiment moved out to the picket line at the front and right, in close skirmish order, with the Seventh Michigan and Thirty-Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers. The regiment took cover under a slight ridge of land after moving through 200 yards of slashing. They got to within 100 yards of the enemy's chief fort undiscovered. They were then ordered to lie down and rest. Under cover of the fog, the sharpshooters attached to the Nineteenth regiment (Old First Company Andrew Sharp shooters) were advanced to the front of the ridge to pick off the enemy's artillery men, and protect the advance of the infantry At 6.30 as the fog lifted, the order came "Upward and Forward" and the regiment rushed out with a wild yell, receiving a heavy fire;the resistless impetuosity of their advance did not, however, allow of the enemy's giving them but one volley. The regiment poured over the ramparts on all sides and the fort was won. Many prisoners were taken here. The right companies then moved up the right flank and captured the small fort on the right of the first one. The fort first spoken of contained two brass 12-pounders and three caissons; that on the right one brass Howitzer. The prisoners numbered 150. The right companies then advanced through the heavy slashing in the rear of this line, and vigorously followed the confounded and terror stricken fugitives from the captured 362 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. line of works. Part crossed the Run with the seventh Mich igan Volunteers and swelled the number of prisoners rapidly to 700. Shortly after, the regiment re-assembled, joined the Brigade and advanced to Petersburg by the Boydton Plank Road. Upon reaching within three miles of the city the Corps wheeled to the leftj and camped for the night at Sutherland Station, on the> South Side Railroad. The loss in this command during the day's operations was : Lieut. J. E. Hodgkins, wounded, ankle. Private Charles Gooch, killed. Henry Hilton, wounded, mortally. Charles Koppitz, wounded. George Clay, wounded. Returning the next morning nearly to Petersburg, the regi ment was gratified by the intelligence that the city had fallen, and set out in pursuit of the fleeing army. This pursuit was continued until the surrender, six days later, but during that time some severe engagements took place. The men rested until 2. P. M., then marched back by the same road, halting 14 miles nearer Burkesville than on the previous night. Camped at 10.50 and, next morning, at 7 A. M., moved again, halting at Jettsville. On the 5th the division camped at dark at Burkesville. On the 6th they marched until 9. A. M. Heavy fighting was going on at the front all day. The men went on picket in front of the brigade at 9 A. M. on the 7th, two miles from Blacks and Whites, upon the Bush River. On the following day they marched at 7.15, the regiment following in rear of the First Division. They crossed Bush River at High Bridges and joined the brigade in front of Farmville at 11 A. M. Heavy fighting was going on all about them. The Seventh Michigan and Fifty-Ninth New York were here captured by the enemy nearly en masse at 1P.M. A general advance was made by the Sixth and Second Corps. The enemy abandoned Farmville, and the division was instantly pushed to the right of the town and formed in line of battle. At 3. P. M. heavy hatcher's run. 363 fighting began on the right; the Division at once advanced at "double-quick" for three miles, to support the overmatched First Division. Upon arriving at the field of battle they formed line on the right and on the rear of the First Division, cover ing their flank. At nightfall the Division changed front forward on left battalion and threw up works. In this action Capt. Isaac H. Boyd, who had been commissioned, but not mustered as Major, and was acting Asst. Inspector General of the First Brigade, First Division, Second Corps, was mortally wounded. Saturday, the 8th, was consumed in advancing alternately in line of battle and by the flank until 12 :30 that night, skir mishing vigorously at times all day. On April 9th the regiment marched at 8 A. M. and pur sued the enemy to within two miles of Clover Hill, or Appo mattox Court House. In a few hours it was announced to the troops that General Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia had surrendered to General Grant and the Army of the Poto mac. General Meade rode through the lines at 5 P.M., amid the wildest enthusiasm. All was quiet until 10 A. M., April 11 when the Corps began its march back to Burkesville, Va. That place was reached at 7. A. M., April 13. Two days (later the regiment went into camp upon higher ground, where the men remained until 2 P. M. on May 2, when the Corps marched toward Richmond and passed through that place on May 6. At Fredericksburg on May 11 a very heavy thunderstorm and hail storm was experienced and the water was frequently knee deep. The column reached Vienna on the 13th and rested on the 14th. On the 15th of May the regiment marched to Bailey's Cross Roads, Va., and went into camp. CHAPTER XLIV. IN CAMP AT BAILEY'S CROSS ROADS. i MUSTER OUT. The regiment had by this time become entirely different in its make up to the Nineteenth Massachusetts of 1861, and and the addition of manyrecruits of all nationalities lent much to its picturesqueness. Here nothing of interest occurred until May 23, when the Army of the Potomac passed in review before President John son and Lieutenant General Grant. This was a great event. Most of the previous day was spent in preparation, cleaning guns, polishing brasses and blacking equipments and boots. No knapsacks or equipments were to be carried. Colonel Rice wanted to make it as easy for the men as possible and they would march much easier and make a better appearance without them. The tin re ceptacles for cartridges were taken out of the cartridge boxes and sandwiches of bread and pork put in their places for the men's dinners. At sunrise they started, each man carrying in his "inside pocket ' ' a pair of white gloves to be put on at the proper time. On reaching the -city, the Nineteenth marched to the East of the Capitol building where the Division was massed in side streets to await its turn. Men were brought along with the regiment to carry blacking and brushes and while waiting in line, the veterans brushed up and ate their lunches The white gloves were to be put on "just before they started," but that time was so often that the men nearly wore them out drawing them on and off. (364) — IN CAMP AT BAILEY S CROSS ROADS. 365 Finally the end of the tramping column appeared and the Nineteenth filed into its place in the line late in the afternoon — the column had been marching many hours — and marched down past the Capitol where an immense crowd was assembled, and then out Pennsylvania Avenue. So many persons lined the streets as to leave hardly room for the regiment to march. In the centre of a vast assemblage of brilliant uniforms at a point on the line of march, sat General U. S. Grant, while in the chair, which, but for the fanatic Booth, would have been filled by Abraham Lincoln, sat President Andrew Johnson. No halt was made until the regiment had crossed the Aqueduct Bridge into Virginia and was well on the way to camp. This was the last march the old Second Corps ever made. Although the Army of the Potomac never presented a finer appearance than on that day, and the Second Division was admitted to be one of the finest divisions in the Army, the Nineteenth Massachusetts was adjudged to be the best regiment in its Corps for appearance, discipline and instruc tion. Those of its friends who witnessed its march will never forget its fine appearance and bearing. The numerical condition of the regiment on June 1,1865, was as follows: Present : For On Daily or In : Duty Extra Duty Arrest Sick Total Field & Staff. 2 1 3 Co. A. B. J. G. B. Adams. C. Wm. E. Barrows. E. Henry A. Homer, 8 6 1 15 F. G. Wm. L. Palmer. H. C. S. Palmer. I. K. L. J. Hume Enlisted Men: 309 35 15 359 366 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. ABSENT : Commissioned officers : On detached service, 0 With leave, 1 Sick, 1 Enlisted men: 2 On detached service, 5 Sick, 108 Paroled prisoners of war 173 Present and absent: 286 Commissioned officers: Colonel, ' 0 Lieut. Colonel, 1 Major,Adjt. Regt. Q. M. Captains, 1st. Lieuts. \ 0 15 8 2nd Lieuts. 3 Surgeon, 1 20 Enlisted men : Sergt. Major, Q. M. Sergt. Prin.Music'n, 1 1 2 Sergeants, Corporals, Musicians, 32 42 20 Com.Sergt. & Hosp. Steward, Privates, 2 545 Total enlisted, 645 Aggregate, 665 IN CAMP AT BAILEY'S CROSS ROADS. 367 The regiment remained in camp at Bailey's Cross Roads, on Munson's Hill, until June 29, when it was mustered out, at 9 o'clock in the evening, in obedience to General Orders No. 158, Headquarters Army of the Potomac, current series, and on the following morning began its return journey toward Readville, Mass. The command left Washington at 10 A. M., Baltimore at 4.45 P. M. on the same day; arrived in Philadelphia at 6 A. M. on July 1st . It is needless to say that from the Philadelphians the regiment experienced a cordial and substantial welcome at the "Old Cooper Shop." Leaving Philadelphia at 2 P. M. on July 1, the men reached New York on the same night and there the regiment received from Colonel Howe, his Associates and friends, a re ception worthy of it and them. Leaving New York at 3 P. M., July 2, the regiment arrived at Readville at 9 A. M. on July 3, to await final discharge and payment. The men were allowed to leave for their homes immediately and with only the delay necessary to dispose of guns and equipments, they took advantage of the opportunity. Of the 37 commissioned officers who left Massachusetts with the regiment in 1861, only 1 returned, — Colonel Edmund Rice who went out as captain and returned as colonel com manding the regiment. Fourteen officers and 250 men were either killed or died of wounds received in action, and 449 were discharged for dis ability occasioned by wounds or disease contracted in the ser vice. The colors, ordnance, camp and garrison equipage, regi mental and company books and papers having been turned over to the proper officers of the United States, final disband- ment was accomplished July 20, 1865, at Readville. The regiment has become a thing of the past, but its history also become a part of the history of jMassachusetts. No regiment has had a more eventful history, fought bet ter, or performed its duties with more promptness or alacrity. During its existence the regiment was engaged in 45 battles and skirmishes, in six of which it lost from one third to five 368 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. sixths of its men. It captured and turned over to the War Department seven stands of colors (First Texas, Fourteenth Nineteenth, Fifty-Third and Fifty-Seventh Virginia, Twelfth South Carolina and Forty-Seventh North Carolina ) and six pieces of artillery. When it is said that the regiment has been characterized by the most kindly and brotherly feeling, the best discipline and alacritous obedience in all ranks, that it was frequently commended and never censured by its superior commanders, the story is done. The record is concluded by inserting the following, which appeared in the "Boston Journal:" Near Petersburg, Dec. 25, 1864. On the 15th of December, at Headquarters Second Army Corps, near Yellow Tavern, Va., General Meade presented medals of honor commemo rative of special instances of distinguished bravery in battle to several non commissioned officers and soldiers of the Second Corps. Among these honored and gallant men were Sergeants B. H. Jellison and Joseph H. DeCastro of the Nineteenth Massachusetts Infantry. These gallant soldiers were two of the four members of this regiment, who, on the 3d of July, 1863, at Gettysburg, captured the battleflags of the Fourteenth, Nineteenth, Fifty-Third and Fifty-Seventh Virginia Regiments. The others were Sergeant B. F. Falls, Co. A, of Lynn, who fell mortally wounded at Spott sylvania, May 12, and Private John Robinson, of Co. I, of Boston, now a prisoner of war. At the close of this interesting ceremony, the Nineteenth and other regiments, whose members had received medals, being drawn up before the general; he took occasion to address to them a few kind, cheer ing words of acknowledgment for the services of the rank and file of the army, justly observing that but for the heroic endurance and magnificent courage of the enlisted men, the Utmost efforts of their officers would be un availing. The Nineteenth Massachusetts Infantry has, during its existence, cap tured seven stands of colors, viz : one at Antietam (First Texas Regiment) by Corporal Thomas Costello, Co. G, of Lowell, killed at the Wilderness, May 6th ; four at Gettysburg, by Sergt. Benj . F. Falls, Sergt. Benj . Jellison, Corp. Jos. DeCastro and Sergt. John Robinson; one at Spottsylvania Court House, (Thirty-Third No. Carolina) by First Sergeant Samuel E. Viall, of Co. E, of Lynn, mortallv wounded on North Anna River, May 24th; and one at Hatcher's Run, Oct. 27th, (Forty-Seventh North Carolina) by Ser geant Daniel F. Murphy, Co. F, of Boston. Sergeant Murphy being de puted by the commanding general to personally present the captured color to the Secretary of War, received from the hands of Mr. Stanton a medal of honor in acknowledgment of his gallantry. When it is considered that such captures are only made in hand to hand conflicts of the most desperate character, this appears a glorious re cord. "Officer" THE REGIMENTAL BADGE. Designed by John P. Reynolds. ROSTER OF THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Absent — abs. Infantry — Inf. Artillery — Art'y. Mustered out — M.O. Battalion — Batt'n. No further record — N.F.R. Battery — Batt. Not mustered — N. M. Commissioned — com'd. Order War Department — O.W.D. Company letter in parenthesis — (F) Prisoner — pris. Company — Co. Promoted — prom. Disability — disa. Re-enlisted — re-en. Discharged — disch. Substitute — sub. Expiration — expir. Transferred — transf. Headquarters — headq 'rs. Wounded — w'n'd. Hospital — hosp. Wounds — w 'nds. First date in each line indicates date of enlistment. First number after date of enlistment indicates age at time of enlistment . Abbott, Chas. P., priv., (H), Dec. 3, '61; 19; discb. disa. Apr. 18,'63. Abraham, Chas., priv., (B), July 17,'63; 23; sub. John H. Comfort. Achason, Johnston, priv., (F), July 25, '61; 33;"disch. disa. June 15, '65; w'n'd July 3,'63. Adams, Ambrose A., priv., ( — ), Aug. 15,'62; 22; see 1st Co. Sharpshooters as Albion A. Adams, Benjamin N., priv., ( — ), mustered May 13/64; 43; M O June 30, '65. Adams, Isaac M., priv., (A), July 26,'61; 28; w'n'd Sept. 17,'62; died Sept. 25, '62, Sharps burg, Md. Adams, John Q., priv., ( — ), Aug. 15, '62; 36; see 1st Co. Sharpshooters. Adams, John G. B., corp., (A), July 26,'61; 20; M.O. as 1st Lieut. May 15,'65. Adams, John H., priv., ( — ), Dec. 2, '62; 37; N.F.R. Adams, Sanford B., priv., (H), May 13, '64; 22; M.O. June 30, '65; absent pris.; sub. Richard Hoyt; died Sept. 23, '64, Andersonville, Ga. Adams, Wm. H. H., priv., (A), July 20, '61 ; 21 ; died Nov. 23, '62, Philadelphia. Agin, Thomas, priv., (G), Mar. 3, '64; 20; rejected Mar. 5, '64. Agnew, Thomas, Corp., (E), July 25, '61; 21; died of wounds July 1, '62. Albin, Thomas, priv., (— ), Aug. 21, '61; 25; N.F.R. Allen, George W., priv., (K), Sept. '61 ; 21 ; killed in action Dec. 13, '62, Fredericksburg, Va. Allen, Henry C, priv., (A), Mar. 25, '64; 34; M.O. June 22, '65. Allen, Henry M., priv., (B), June 13, '64; 44; drafted; absent sick on M.O. of Co. Allen, James, priv., (E), July 25, '61 ; 20 ; pris. from June 22, '64, to Apr. 28, '65 ; M.O. June 20, '65; O.W.D. Allen, John, priv., (C), May 26, '64; 21 ; sub. for S. P. French; died Sept. 25, '64, Anderson ville, Ga. Allen, John L., wagoner, (F), Aug. 19, '61; 33; N.F.R. Allen, Wm., priv., ( — ), Feb. 17, '64; 21; rejected Feb. 21, '64. Alley, Chas. A., priv., (H), Dec. 1, '61 ; 18 ; pris. from May 12, '64, to Feb. 26, '65 ; M. O. June 30, '65. (369) 370 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Anderson, Benj. N., priv., (A), May 13, '64; 43; M.O. June 30, '65; has been pris. Anderson, Chas., priv., (K),"Aug. 3, '63; 21; sub.; deserted Sept. 14, '63. Anderson, Chas., priv., (B), Jan. 16, '65; 28; M.O. June 30, '65. Anderson, John, priv., (F), Nov. 17, '64; 40; M.O. June 9, '65. Anderson, John W., priv., (H), Jan. 12, '63; 18; transf. to V.R.C., Nov. 13, '63; w'n'd July 3. '63; disch. at Camp Chase Nov. 18, '65. Anderson, Wm., priv., (D), May 13, '64 ; 21 ; sub. David Davis, absent pris. of war ; N.F.R. Anderson, Wm„ priv., (— ), June 6, '64; 22; sub. Abijah Hastings; N.F.R. Andrea, Simeon, priv., (C), Nov. 11, '64; 27; M.O. June 30, '65. Andreas, Chas., priv., ( — ), July 30, '63; 19; N.F.R. Andrews, Chas. E., priv., (H), Dec. 1,'61; 26; killed in action June 30, '62, Glendale, Va. Andrews, George N., priv., (C), July 26, '61; 17; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Andrews, John J., priv., (E), Feb. 8, '64; 30; M.O. June 30, '65. Andrews, Otis L., priv., (I), Feb. 23, '64; 18; rejected Mar. 3, '64. Andrews, Reuben, priv., (H), Dec. 1,'61; 24; died Oct. 28, '62, Boliver, Va. Andrews, Stephen H., priv., (G), Jan. 4, '65; 21; M.O. June 30, '65. Andrews, Wm. A., priv., (H), Dec. 1, '61; 18; w'n'd June 30, '62; sent to Gen. Hosp. June 30/62; N.F.R. Angelo, Ciconi, priv., (B), Apr. 2, '62; 32; M.O. Apr. 2, '65, expir. term; w'n'd June 25/62' Dec. 13, '62. Angle, Francis, priv., (I), Jan. 30, '65; 19; M.O. June 30, '65. Appleton, Chas. F., priv., (A), Jan. 25, '62 ; 21 ; 2nd Lieut., 30 M.V., Feb. 21, '62. Armand, Ernest, priv., (F), Nov. 17, '64; 33; deserted Dec. 24, '64, near Petersburg, Va. Armitage, Stephen, priv., (C), July 26, '61 ; 23 ; w 'n 'd July 3, '63 ; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Armstrong, Hugh, priv., (I), July 27, '63; 24; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 26, '64. Arnold, Marcus P., priv., (K), Oct. 29, '62 ; 25 ; re-en. Feb. 16, '64 ; transf. from 1st S.S. ; re-en. 1st S.S.; M.O. June 30, '65. Ash, David B., priv., (B), July 26, '61 ; 19; died of wounds, July 25, '62, New York. Ashton, James, priv., (A), Oct. 27, '64; 22; absent sick since Nov. 1, '64; N.F.R. Atkins, Benj. H., Jr., priv., (H), Dec. 8, '61 ; 18; died of wounds July 13, '63, Gettysburg, Pa. Atkins, Wm., priv., (— ), Aug. 4, '63; 27; sub. John L. Bradford; N.F.R. Atkinson, Wm., sergt., (A), July 26, '61 ; 35 ; disch. disa. Apr. 6, '63; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62. Aytoun, James F., priv., (A), Aug. 1, '63; 23; resigned May 27, '65. Bahan, Edward, priv., (— ), July 31, '61; 18; N.F.R. Bailey, Benj. P., priv., (H), Dec. 8, '61; 18; disch. disa. June 16, '62. Bailey, Warren R., priv., (H), Dec. 3/61; — ; w'n'd June 30/62; disch. disa. in Co. A, Feb. 23, '63. Bailey, Wm. H., priv., (H), Dec. 3/61; — ; w'n'd July 3/63; transf. toV.R.C.(no date) 6th Co., 2nd Batt.; N.F.R. Baise, Chas., priv., (— ), Aug. 4, '63; — ; sub. E. F. Wentworth; N.F.R. Baker, Alexander B.,'corp., (H), Aug. 20, '61;—; disch. disa. Oct. 28, '61; seeCo.H, 1st M.V. Baker, Chas., priv., (D), June 14, '64; 26; sub. J. B. Lowell absent pris. of war; drafted. Baker, James E., mus., (C), Aug. 9, '61 ; 18; re-en. Mar. 29, '64; M. O. June 30, '65. Baldwin, Jos., priv., (G), Aug. 19, '61; 19; killed in action June 25, '62, Fair Oaks, Va. Ball, Geo. H. A., priv., (H), Dec. 9, '61; 18; enlisted Nov. 5, '62, Wash. D. C, Batt. L, 2nd. U. S. Art'y ; disch. Nov. 5, '65, Norfolk, Va., by expir. service as Sergt. Batt. I, 5th U. S. Art'y, to which he was tranfs. Aug. 17, '65. Ballow, Edmund A., priv., (B), July 31, '63; 32; sub. Alvin Newcomb; N. F. R. Barden, Geo. B., priv., (B), July 26, '61; 19; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M. O. June 30, '65asSergt. Barker, Patrick, priv., (G), Aug. 19, '61 ; 23 ; deserted Aug. 24, '61. Barnes, Leonard A., ( — ), May 13/64; 18; died Aug. 27/64, Andersonville, Ga. ; sub. Martin Bridges. , Barnes, Wm., priv., (C), must. Aug. 3/63; transf. Jan. 14/64, to 20th Inf. Barrett, Daniel, priv., (K), Aug. 13/61; 30; w'n'd Deo. 13, '62; disch. disa. Mar. 16, '63. Barrett, James V., priv., (— ), July 29, '63; 20; died Feb. 3, '65, Salisbury, N. C.;sub. ROSTER. 371 Barrett, John, priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61; 19; w'n'd June. 25, '62; disch. Feb. 14, '63. Barrows, Wm. E„ hosp. stew., (— ), Aug. 3 '61; 19; 2nd Lieut. Co. B, Mar. 25, '63; Is* Lieut., July 11/63; Capt. July 28, '64; M.O. July 25, '65; Brev't Maj. Barry, Dennis, priv., (E), July 25, '61 ; 26; killed in action Sept. 17,"'62, Antietam. Barry; George, priv., (D), May 13, '64; 28; Sub. Samuel Ward, absent pris. of war. Barry, Geo. M., 2nd lieut., (E), July 25, '61 ; 19 ; resigned Feb. 8, '62. Barry, John, priv., (C), Aug. 24, '61; 18; disch. disa. Nov. 5/62, by Col. Day, at Boston. Barry, Martin, priv., (B), Mar. 3, '62; 18; transf. 117th Co. 2nd Batt. V.R.C.; M.O. Mar. 16, '65, Providence, R.I. Barry, Wm., priv., (C), Aug. 3, '63; 20; sub. "George Bearse;" transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Barter, John, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 40; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; disch. disa. Apr. 11, '64. Bartlett, Edwin B., priv. ,(A), July 26, '61; 26; w'n'd Dec. 11/62, at Fredericksburg, Va.; disch. disa. Apr. 1, '63; see Co. H, 2nd Hy. Art'y.;died Mar. 29, '05 at Lynn. Bartlett, Edward W., priv., (A), Aug. 13/62; 26; re-en. Dec.21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65, Sergt. Bartlett, Henry F., priv., (A), July 31, '63; 20; sub. transf. to Co. B, 20th M.V., Jan. 15/64. Bartlett, Wm. A., priv., (H), Aug. 8, '62; 29; w'n'd July 3, '63; disch. disa. Sept. 8/63; see also V.R.C. as William ; enlisted July 27, '64. Bartley, Frank, priv., (B),.Aug. 1, '63; 22; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 23, '64. Barton, Danville O., 1st sergt., (D), July 25, '61 ; 20; disch. disa. Dec. 6, '62. Bartwell, Thomas, priv., (— ), Dec. 20/62; 24; N.F.R. Barton, Peter, priv., (A), Mar. 12, '64; 36 ; disch. Oct. 26, '64, from Carver Hosp., Wash., D. C. Batchelder, Geo. H., priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61; 24; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Batchelder, Geo. W., 1st. lieut., (C), Aug. 3, '61; 23; Capt. Mar. 21, '62; killed in action Sept. 17, '62, Antietam. Baxter, John, priv., (E), July 17, '62; 40; disch. disa. Apr. 6, '64. Baxter, Samuel, serg. maj., N.C.S., Aug. 3, '61; 33; 2nd Lieut. Nov. 29,^ '61; resigned Aug. 1, '62; see Co. E. 59th Mass. Beal, Henry O., priv., (A), Aug. 20, '61; 21; N.F.R. Beals, Edward, priv., (K), June 14, '64; 22; sub. J. L. Smith, absent pris. since June 22, '64. Beatty, James E., priv., (A), May 14, '64; 35; drafted; M.O. June 30, '65. Beatty, John, priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 24; disch. disa. June 21, '62. Beatty, Richard H. D., priv., (D), July 25, '61 ; 42; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; transf. V.R.C. Sept. 26, '63; disch. from V.R.C. Aug. 27, '64. Bean, Matthew, priv., (G), July 25, '61; 27; deserted Feb. 1, '63, at Falmouth, Va. Bean, Wesley P., priv., (F), Aug. 19/61; 24; w'n'd June 25/62;; disch. disa. Sept. 19/62, by Col. Day, at Boston. Bean, Wm., priv., (— ), Aug. 25/61; — ; N.F.R. Bean, Wm. H., priv., (B), Aug. 20, '61 ; 18 ; killed in action, Sept. 17, '62, Antietam, Md. Beard, Wm., priv., (I), July 29/61 ; 40 ; dischjdisa. Feb. 12, '63, Falmouth, Va., by order Gen. Couch; see also V.R.C. Becker, Chas., priv., (H), Apr. 8, '64 ; 24 ; pris. June 22, '64, to May 17/65; M.O. June 30, '65. Belcher, Chas., Jr., priv., (C), May 13, '64 ; 26 ; sub. ; was pris. ; disch. July 21, '65, O.W.D. Beleer, James T., priv., (C), Feb. 24, '64; 21; rejected recruit, Feb. 26, '64. Belmont, Chas. H„ priv., ( — ), Aug. 1/63; 22; sub. J. C. Hammond; N.F.R. Bell, Frank H., priv., (D), Jan. 9, '64; 18; disch. disa. Jan. 15/65, in Co. H. Benedick, James, priv., (A), July 21, '63; 38; sub. Andrew T. Bates; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Bentley, Noah, priv., (K), Mar. 24, '62; 25; transf. from 1st Co. S.S., no date; absent sick in lstS.S.;N.F.R. Benton, Lewis R., priv., ( — ), Oct. 5/64; 21; transf. to 3d Cav. Nov. 8/64. Bennett, Octave, priv., (H), Mar. 26, '64; 22; M.O. June 30, '65. Berehtold, Alois, priv., (I), Jan. 25, '65; 44; M.O. June 30, '65. Berden, John, priv., (D), May 27, '64; 37; sub.; absent, pris. of war. Bergin, Stephen, priv., (— ), Aug. 9/61; 42; N.M. Berry, B. (Asa B.), priv., (I), Aug. 19, '61; 31; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Berry, John, priv., (K), Jan. 6, '65; 21; N.F.R. 372 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Berry, Patrick, priv., (B), Mar. 3, '62; 19; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; w'n'd May 12, .'64; pris. of war, May 12/64, to May 18, '65; M.O. as Corp. June 30, '65. Bertrand, Bertram, priv., (E), Dec. 17/64; 30; M.O. June 30, '65. Bessie, Lewis, priv., ( — ), Aug. 5/61; 26; N.F.R. Bettis, John, priv., (I), July 26, '61 ; 26; disch. disa. Oct. 28, '61. Bigelow, Chas. H., priv., (H), Aug. 28, '61; 36; disch. disa. Oct. 28/61. Bingham, Wm. H., priv., (H), Nov. 26, '61; 36; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; re-en. Deo. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Birmingham, James, priv., (E); 40; transf. Sept. 12/63, to V.R.C. Bishop, Edward P., 2nd lieut., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 23; 1st Lieut. Oct. 22, '61; dismissed Mar. 5/63, S.O. 20 Army of. Potomac. Bixby, Matthias, priv., (F), Aug. 29, '62 ; 32 ; Sergt. 2nd Lieut. June 1st, '65; 1st Lieut. June 2, '65 ; M.O. June 30, '65, as Sergt. Bixby, Moses P., priv., (F), July 25, '61; 42; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; w'n'd June 30, '62; transf. to Navy Apr. 23, '64; disch. Oct. '65. Blackington, Jacob A., priv., (F), May lg, '61; 21; absent w'n'd; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Blackington, Lyman, priv., (F), Aug. 19, '61; 23; killed in action June 30, '62, White Oaks, Va., as Corp. Blair, Geo. H., priv., (C), Apr. 6, '64; 24; absent pris.; captured June 26/64, at Jerusalem Plank Road ; not heard from since. Blair, Lowell B., mus., (B), Aug. 22, '61; 16; disch. disa. Dec. 9, '61. Blair, Wm. W., priv., (B), July 26, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65, as wagoner. Blair, Wm. H., priv., (K), Sept. '61; 27; died Oct. 10/64, at Andersonville, Ga. Blaisdell, Benj. F., priv., (G), Mar. 28, '64; 18; w'n'd May 24, '64; disch disa. Oct. 8, '64. Blaisdell, Daniel D., priv., (B), July 26, '61; 18; disch. disa. Nov. 15/62; see Navy Folio '63, 480, as Daniel W. Blessington, Hugh, priv., (H), July 26, '61; 18; disch. disa. Oct. 24, '62. Blood, George, priv., (E), Feb. 9, '65; 20; M.O. June 30, '65. Blood, Jonathan M., priv., (F), Nov. 17, '65; 16; M.O. June 30, '65. Bliss, Lyman B., priv., (E), July 28, '61; 18; transf. to V.R.C. from Co. C, July 1, '65; N.F.R. Boardman, Ferdinand B., priv., (E), May 14, '64; 29; after mustered in as drafted man 19th enlisted Co. L, 3Hy. Arty., forwardedto 19th Regt. July 12,'64. M.O. with Co. June30/65. Bode, James, priv., (A), Aug. 4, '63; 21; sub.; transf. to 20th M.V. Jan. 14/64 Boge, James, priv., (A), Aug. 4, '63; 21; sub. Patrick Cusick; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Boing, John, priv., (I), May 13, '64 ; 21 ; sub. Geo. P. Slate ; absent pris. since June 22, '64, never heard from since. Booth, James, priv., (A),. Aug. 20, '61 ; 21 ; w 'n 'd June 30, '62 ; dropped Oct. 13, '62. Booth, James C, priv., (F), Aug. 13, '61 ; 23; drowned Feb. 22, '62, at Coon's Lock, Chesa peake & Ohio Canal. Bromstein, Meyer, priv., (K), Sept. 14, '61; 21; disch. disa. Oct. 1, '62 ; prior service 6th N.Y. Inf. Boutell, Francis, priv., ( — ), Feb. 27, '64; 18; rejected recruit, Mar. 1, '64; not in regt. Bowen, Wm., Jr., priv., (K), Sept. '61 ; 21 ; deserted Dec. 10, '61 ; prior service see Co. D, 3rd. Batt'n Inf., 3 mos. Bowman, Peter, alias Pedro Bouben, priv., (D), Feb. 13, '62; 26; disch. disa. June 18, '62. Bowger, Harrison, priv., (B), Sept. 7, '61; 24; M.O. June 30, '65, 1st Sergt. Bowyer, Harrison, priv., (K), Sept. '61 ; 21 ; M.O. June 30, '65, 1st Sergt. in Co. H as Berger; deserted Apr. 13/62; returned May 21/64, to duty without Court-Martial; Sergt. Jan. 1, '65; 1st Sergt. Jan. 20, '65; pris. war from June 22/64, to Aug. 3, '64. Boyenton, Chas., priv., (A), July 26, '61; 42; killed in action, June 30, '62, Glendale, Va. Boyd, Isaac H., 2nd lieut., (A), July 26, '61;23; 1st Lieut., Oct. 22, '61;Capt. Nov. 21, '62; Maj. July 28, '64; died of wounds, Apr. 10, '65, Farmville, Va., as Capt. Boyd, James, priv., ( — ), Aug. 1/63; 20; sub.; N.F.R. Boyd, James O., priv., ( — ), Aug. 24/61; 21; never joined for duty. Boyd, Rob., priv., (A), May 6, '64 ; 30 ; absent pris. since Uune 22, '64 ; not heard from since. ROSTER. 373 Boyle, James, priv., (F), Aug. 19, '61 ; 19 ; died of wounds June 2/63 ; Co. I, Washington, D.C . Boyle, Lawrence, priv., (F), Aug. 8, '61 ; 26; absent sick since Apr. 10, '63; M.O. Aug. 28, '64, in the field. Boyle, William, priv., (F), Aug. 19, '61; 21; deserted 1862. Bradburn, Martin, priv., (I), Aug. ig, '61 ; 30 ; killed in action Deo. 13, '62, Fredericksburg, Va . Bradford, Thomas S., priv., (B), Jan. 16/65; 27; M.O. June 30, '65. Bradish, Francis, priv., (C), Mar. 22, '64; 28; died Nov. 7, '64, rebel prison. Bradlee, Thomas S., priv., (H), Dec. 31, '61; w'n'd June 30, '62, Dee. 13, '62; disch. disa. in Co. A, Mar. 12, '63. Bradley, Chas., priv., (A), Aug. 12, '62 ; 20 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30/65, as Sergt.; pris. from May 12, '64, to May 16, '65. Bradley, Geo. B., priv., (C), Feb. 24, '64; 21; rejected recruit Feb. 26, '64; not in regt. Bradley, Geo. Y., priv., (B), Aug. 12, '62; 25; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; transf. to V.R.C. Sept. 1, 63; N.F.R. Bradshaw, Valentine, priv., Aug. 5, '61; 10; not mustered. Brady, James, priv., (D), June 3, '64; 28; sub. Amos L. Marshall, absent pris. war, at M.O. Brady, John, priv., (G), Aug. ig, '61; 22; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Brady, John G., priv., (G), Aug. ig, '61; 28; disch. disa. Nov. 20, '62. Brady, John M., priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61; 27; deserted, Aug. 25/61, as John H. Brady. Braley, Henry C, priv., (A), Aug. 3, '61; 10; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64; disch. disa. Feb. 0, '65. Brailey, Edward Z., priv., (D), Aug. 19, '61; 21; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62 ; disch. order Secy. War , Feb. 27, '64. Brandon, Chas., priv., (B), July 30, '63; 21 ; sub. for Chas. F. Howard; N.F.R. Braninger, Wm., priv., (A), July 29, '63; 25; sub.; N.F.R. Branagan, Michael, priv., ( — ), Aug. 17/61; 18; did not serve in 19th regt.; M.O. July 10/61, in 17th regt. and re-en. in same; died July 10, '64 in rebel prision, grave 3587. Braslow, William, priv., (H), Dec. g, '61; 24; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; disch. Mar. 14/63, at Baltimore, Md., because of permanent lameness from gun shot w'nd of right arm. Bree, George, priv., (F), May 13/64; 19; sub. Joseph. Briggs; died Aug. ,'64, in rebel prison. Surg. Gen. Mass. Breed, Geo. E., priv., (C), Aug. 27, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; killed in action May 10, '64, at Spottsylvania. Brener, Henry, priv., (G), Dec. 3, '64; 18; abs. sick since Apr. 4, '65; N.F.R. Brennan, Thomas, priv., (H), July 26, '61 ; 25 ; disch. disa. Dec. 13, '62. See Co. E, 56th Inf. Brent, Chas., priv., (H), Dec. 1, '64; 26; deserted Apr. 9, '65, while on the march. Breston, William, priv., (B), Feb. 20, '64; 24; rejected recruit Feb. 26, '64. Breslow, Patrick, priv., (B), Feb. 18, '64; 21; M.O. July 13, '65; O.W.D. Bresnahan, Dennis, priv., (A), Apr. 21/64; 27; pris. of war from June 22, '64, to May 7, '65; disch. June 12, '65; O.W.D. Bridgelow, Chas. H., priv., (H), Aug. 20, '61; 36; disch. disa. Oct. 28, '61. Bridges, Joshua, priv., (F), Aug. 19, '61; 27; disch. disa. Dec. 6, '62. Bridges, Samuel A., priv., (A), July 26, '61 ; 21 ; pris. June 22, '64 ; M.O. as 1st Sergt. Bridges, Thomas, priv., (H), Dec. 10, '61 ; 35 ; killed in action Sept. 17, '62, Antietam, Md. Briggs, Oliver F., Q.M. sergt., N.C.S., Aug. 3, '61 ; 19 ; disch. disa. July 8r '63. Brill, Jacob, priv., (H), Aug. 12, '61; 26; abs. pris. from Co. D since June 22, '64. Brill, John, priv., (H), Aug. 20, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; deserted Mar. 15, '64. Broderick, Michael, priv., (H), Mar. 28, '64; 35; M.O. June 30, '65. Bronsdon, Samuel, priv., band, Oct. 14, '61; 41; M.O. Aug. 8, '62. Brookings, Samuel, priv., (A), July 26, '61 ; 45 ; disch. disa. Mar. 23, '62. Brown Alfred, priv., (G), May 14/64; 32; sub. C. L. Carter; abs. pris. as "Albert" since June 22, '64. Brown, Alden, priv., (G), Feb. 25, '64; 30; rejected recruit Feb. 27, '64; not in regt. Brown, Charles, priv., (F), Nov. 17, '64; 20; M.O. June 30, '65. Brown, Charles, priv., (I), May 2, '64; 21; M.O. June 30, '65. Brown, Chas. A., priv., (H), Dec. 1, '61; 18; w'n'd June 25, '62; w'n'd July 3, '63; disch. from Co. F, 1st V.R.C. Dec. 1, '64. 374 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Brown, Chas. A., priv., (A), Aug. 4, '63; 21 ; sub.Wm. E. Collins; Jtransf. to 20 M.V. Jan.14,'64. Brown, Chas. B., sergt., (G), Aug. 23, '61; 25; w'n'd June 25, '62, Dec. 13, '62; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; died of wounds May 24, '64. Brown, Franklin, priv., (B), May 14, '64; 39; abs. sick on M.O. of Co. Brown, George, priv., (B), Jan. 16, '65; 33; deserted June 18, '65. Brown, Geo. A., priv., (H), Dec 1, '61; 26; died of wounds Dec. 17, '62; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62, at Fredericksburg, Va. Brown, Geo. O., priv. ,(I), Dec. 9, '61; disch. disa. Oct. 13, '62. Brown, Geo. W., corp., (C), July 26, '61; 39; transf. to V.R.C. Oct. 1, '63; disch. expir. term, July 26, '64; disch. paper as private. Brown, James, priv., (E), June 14, '64; 23; sub. H. D. Pease; M.O. June 30, '65 as 1st Sergt. Brown, James, priv., ( — ), May 14, '64; 27; sub. Luke Delvo; N.F.R. Brown, James P., priv., (B), Apr. 16, '64 ; 21 ; M. 0. June 30, '65 ; see Co. H, 4th Mass. V. M. 9 mos. Brown, John, priv., (F), May 18, '64 ; 18 ; sub. A. Freeman ;abs. pris. ; disch. July 21/65 ; O.W.D Brown, John, priv., ( — ), Aug. 14, '61; 19; not mustered. Brown, John, priv., ( — ), Dec. 4, '62; 22; N.F.R. Brown, John, priv., (— ), July 21, '63; 24; sub.; N.F.R. Brown, John 1st, priv., (A), July 30, '63 ; 24 ; sub. ; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64 (paper transfer) deserted Sept. 13, '65 in 19th Regt. Brown, John 2nd, priv., (B), Aug. 3, '63; 24; sub. ; deserted Sept. 12, '63. Brown, John G., priv., (B), Jan. 6, '65; 19; deserted June 8, '65; hon. disch. July 22, '65. Brown, John H.t priv., (A), Apr. 1, '64; 32; killed May 24, '64 at Dodswell's Farm, Va. Brown, John H., Jr., priv., (D), Jan. 30, '62 ; 18; died at New Eng. Rooms, N.Y. Mar. 1, '65. Brown, Osgood, priv., (A), July 26, '61 ; 40; disch. disa. Feb. 2, '63 at Boston, by Col. Day. Brown, Thomas, priv., (A), July 24, '63; 21; sub. C. G.Bartholomew; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64 (paper transfer); deserted Sept. 26, '63 in 19th regt. Brown, Thomas, priv., (D), July 26, '61; 20; N.F.R. Brown, Warren S., priv., (I), Aug. 19, '61; 21; disch. disa. Dec. 13, '61. Bruce, Augustus W., priv., (B), Aug. 13, '62; 35; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; disch. disa. Apr. 30/63. Bruce, Norman, Corp., (A), July 26, '61; 25; transf. to V.R.C. July 27, '63; M.O. as Sergt. July 25, '64 as of Co. B, 14 V.R.C. Brunas, Alfred, priv., (H), Nov. 25, '62; 28; abs. sick since Dec. 10, '64; N.F.R. Brunn, George, priv., (A), Jan. 8, '64; 23; w'n'd May, 10, '64; pris. of war from May 12, '64 to Apr. 28, '65; M.O. June 30, '65. Bryant, Daniel W., priv., (C), July 26, '61 ; 28; died of wounds, Oct. 5, '62, Antietam, Md. Bryant, Enoch, Jr., priv., (H), Dec. 9, '61; disch. disa. Dec. 8, '62. Bryant, F.L., priv., Aug. 17, '61; 45; did not serve in 10th regt; M. in 22nd regt, Aug. 10, '61; disch. Aug. 10, '64 in 22nd regt. Buchanan, Archibald, priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61 ; 25 ; re-en. Dec. 31, '63; died of w'nds May 20- '64 U.S. Gen. Hosp. Buchanan, James, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 19; died of w'nds Oct. 1, '62, Frederick.M., as sergt. Buckley, Cornelius, priv., (A), Mar. 29, '64; 38; w'n'd May 13, '64; M.O. June 30, '65. Buckley, Patrick, priv., (H), Dec. 9, '62; 24; disch. disa. May 12, '63. Bugbee, Albert P., priv., (K), Sept. 18, '61; 21; disch. exp. term, Sept. 18, '64. Bullock, Edward A., priv., (I), Aug. 19, '61; 18; deserted, '62. Burbank, Wm., priv., (H), Aug. 20, '61; 18; w'n'd June 30, '62 (name Wm. L, see Conn. Vols'. 1 Conn. Cav.); N.F.R. Burchard, Samuel A., priv., (A), May 25/64 ;'20 ; deserted Aug. 12/64 from Hosp. Beverly ,N. J. Burdell, John C, priv., (B), May 13, '64; 29; disch. May 31, '65, O.W.D. at Tilton Gen.Hosp Wilmington, Dela. Burgess, Dwelley W., priv., (G), July 25, '61; 40; disch. disa. Apr. 24, 63. Burgess, Geo. N., priv., (F), Aug. 6, '61; 23; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Tinrmss Wm priv., (A), July 26, '61 ; 21 ; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 as Corp. Burke, Michael S., priv., (A), July 27, '63; 22; sub. Freeman C. Spindle jtransf. to 20th M.V. ' Jan. 14, '64. ROSTER. 375 Burke, Patrick, priv., (D), Aug. 19, '61; 18; never joined for duty.1 Burke, Ulick, priv., (G), Feb. 23, '64; 21 ; deserted Apr. 1/64 at Cole's Hill, Va. Burke, Wm. J., priv., (H), July 26, '61; 20; deserted, Aug. 20, '61. Burmingham, Jas., priv., (E), Aug. 28, '61 ; 40; transf. to V.R.C, Sept. 12, '63. Burnham, George, priv., (I), Aug. 4/63 ; 21 ; sub. Geo. E. Cobb ;Jtransf . to 20th M.V. Jan. 14,'64. Burnham, Geo. A., priv., (F), Aug. 9, '61; 18; disch. Nov. 13/62 tore-en. in 4th U.S. Art'y. and deserted June 28, '63. Burnham, John B., priv., (H), Dec. 3, '61; 23; N.F.R. Burnham, Wm. H., priv., (H), Dec. 27, '61; 21; disch. disa. Mar. 1, '63. Burnham, Zenas, priv., (C), Sept. 10, '61 ; 27 ; disch. disa. Jan. 23, '62, Burns, Chas., priv., Dec. 21, '62; 23; N.F.R. Burns, Joseph, priv., (K), Aug. 28, '61; 23; abs. w'n'd June 18, '64; re-en. Dec. 21, '63. Burns, Peter, priv., (— ), Dec. 4, '62; 22; N.F.R. Burnes, Daniel, priv., (A), Aug. 4, '64;21;sub. Reuben Fish; transf. to 20thM.V. Jan. 14, 64 Burrill, Richard J., priv., (A), Aug. 20, '61;44;re-en. Dec.21, '63;M.O. June 30, '65. Burrill, Richard J., priv., (B), Aug. 20, '61; 43; N.F.R. Burrell, Wm. H., priv., (B), July 26, '61; 20; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Burt, Chas. F., priv., (I), June 11, '64; 22; sub.; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Burtwell, Thomas, priv., (— ), Dec. 20/62; 24; N.F.R. Butlers, Chas., 2nd, priv., band, Sept. 17/61; 25; M.O. Aug. 8/62; see Navy Folio, 78. Butler, William, priv., (G), Aug. 19, '61; 21; "w'n'd June 25, '62; disch. disa. Sept. 19, '62; see also V.R.C. Butman, Ansel R., priv., (H), Dec. 27, '61; 40; disch. disa. Nov. 3, '62. B ut man, John C, priv., (H), Dec. 27, '61 ; 41 ; disch. disa. Dec. 3, '62. Caillard, Lewis, priv., (E), Feb. 18, '65; 27; M.O. June 30, '65 Cain, John, priv., (I), May 13, '64; 20; sub. Lucius Steele; M.O. June 30, '65. Cain, Geo. W„ corp., (B), Aug. 20, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; killed in action, May 5, '64, Wilderness, Va. Cain, Thomas, priv., (A), Apr. 18, '64; 19 ; taken pris. war June 22, '64; not heard from since. Caine, Thomas, priv., ( — ), Feb. 25/64; 33; did not serve in 19th Mass. but in 17th Mass. Regt Caldwell, Randolph, priv., (G), Aug. 19, '61; 18; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; disch. Mar. 14, '63 disch. papers. Call, Geo. A., priv., (A), Aug. 20, '61 ; 21 ; disch. disa. Dec. 13, '61 ; see Co. L, 1st H.A. Callahan, Dennis, Corp., (E), July 25, '61; 21; w'n'd. June 30, '62; disch. disa. Oct. 16, '62, Callahan, Thos. H., priv., C — ), Mar. 5," '64; 18; rejected Mar. 10, '64. Callahan, Timothy, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 19; killed in action, July 1, '62, Malvern Hill. Callahan, Wm., priv., (E), July 25, '61 ; 40; w'n'd June 30, '62; died of w'nds July 12, '62, Richmond, Va. Campbell, Alexander, priv., (F), Aug. 1, '61; 42; disch. disa. Dec. 13, '61. Campbell, Benj. W., priv., (K), Sept. 17, '61; 19; disch. expir. term, Sept. 17, '64. Canfield, John, priv., (H), Jan. 12, '65; 24; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. sick; disch. July 19, '65, O.W.D. Cannon, Owen, priv., (B), Dec. 29, '64; 35; M.O. June 30, '65. Capen, Alonzo, Corp., (I), Aug. 22, '61 ; 22; disch. disa. as priv.'Jan. 1, '63. Caras, Lattara, priv., Dec. 10, '62; 35; N.F.R. Carey, Lawrence, priv., (F), Aug. 24, '61; 36; M.O. Aug. 28, '64, in Co. I. Carey, Philip, priv., (B), July 25, '63; 31 ; sub. ; transf . to 20th M.V. Jan. 23/64. Carey, Silas E., priv., Aug. 24, '61 ; 18; not mustered; no service. Carleton, David, priv., (H), Dec. 9, '61; 44; disch. disa. Sept. 19, '62. Carleton, Daniel W., priv., (A), July 26, '61; 27; w'n'd June 25, '62; disch. disa. Oct. 24, '62, Carleton, Everett, priv., (A), July 26, '61; 23; w'n'd Sept. 16, '62 ; transf . to V.R.C, Nov. 6. '63; disch. disa. Aug. 27, '64. Carleton, Geo. B., priv., (B), July 26, '61 ; 20; w'p'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Jan. 14, '63. Carleton, Samuel, priv., (A), July 26, '61; 43; disch. disa. Mar. 12, '62. Carmichael, John E., priv., (D), July 25, '61; 34; N.F.R. 376 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Carney, Robert, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 32; killed in action, July 1, '62. Carpenter, John, priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 22; killed in action, June 25, '62, Fair Oaks, Va. Carr, Hugh J., priv., (F), July 27, '61; 24; abs. w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; M.O.Aug. 28, '64, Co. G Carr, Moses F., priv., (A), July 26, '61; 26; transf. to V.R.C. Apr. 15, '64; transf. to 101 Co. 2nd Batt. V.R.C. Nov. 28, '63 and M.O. J.M.R. July 25, '64 at Washington, D.C. Carr, Owen, priv., (A), Jan. 25, '61 ; 21 ; disch. disa. Feb. 2, '63. Carrigan, James, corp-, (E), July 21, '61; 35; w'n'd July 3, '63; w'n'd June 3, '64; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; transf. to V.R.C. date not given; disch. from V.R.C. July 24, '65. Carrigan, Miles, priv., (D), June 7, '64; 21 ; sub. C C. Whitcomb, abs. pris. since June 22/64 . Carrol, John, priv., (K), Sept. '61; 19; killed in action, June 30, '62, White Oak Swamp, Va. Carson, Aaron, priv., (B), July 26, '61; 31; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch.'disa. Dec. 6, '62. Carter, Henry W., sergt., (D), July 25, '61; 30; M.O. Aug. 28, '64; abs. sick. Carter, James L., 2nd lieut., June 8, '65; — ; com'd 1st Lieut., in Co. H, 104U.S.CTv; M. O. in that grade, July 5, '66. Carter, Leonidas W., priv., (H), Dec. 9, '61; 23; disch. disa. in Co. B, Mar. 18, '63. Carts, John, priv., (— ), Feb. 23, '65; 26; N.F.R. Case, Harrison E., priv., (F), Aug. 12, '61; 26; killed in action, June 30, '62, White Oak- Swamp, Va. Casey, James, priv., (F), Jan. 9, '65 ; 17 ; M.O. June 30, '65 ; see Co. I, 8th, 100 days. Casey, Lawrence, priv., (I). Aug. 27, '61 ; 39 ; w'n 'd Sept. 17, '62 ; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 ; abs. sick. Casey, Michael, ( — ), Jan. 9, '65; 22; disch. disa. Jan. 27, '65; see rejected recruits. Cass, John A., priv., (H), Jan. 13, '65 ; 21 ; died Apr. 20, '65, Burkes Station, Va. Cashman, Timothy, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 35; disch. disa. May 23, '62 at.W ashington, D.C Cassidy, Francis, priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 32; killed in action, Sept. 17, '62, Antietam. Cate, John H., priv., (H), Dec. 3, '62 ; 27 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; transf. to Navy, Mar. '64. Cavanaugh, John, priv., (D), July 25, '61 ; 18 ; w 'n 'd Sept. 17, '62, May 24, '64 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; pris. war June 22, '64; disch. July 15, '65. Chadwick, John C, 1st lieut. & adjt., (F & G), Aug. 3/61; 28; w'n'd June 25, '62; prom. Capt. Sept. 18, '62; Maj. 4th Reg. U.S. Vols. Feb. 26, '63; Lt. Col. 92 U.S.C.T. Apr. 16, '64 to date Mar. 25, '64; disch. Lt. Col. -92 U.S.V.T., June 6, '65. Charley, Orrin B., priv., (A), Feb. 11, '65; 22; M.O. June 30, '65. Chamberlain, Chas. J., priv., (D), Feb. 27, '64; 34; M.O. June 30/65; Vet. 13th Vt. Vol. Chamberlain, Henry A., priv., (D), July 25, '61 ; 41 ; N.F.R. Chandler, Adoniram, priv., (D), Feb. 10, '62; 33; died Jan. 1, '63, Frederick, Md. Chandler, Chas. T., priv., (K), Aug. 11, '62 ; 21 ; disch. disa. Mar. 26, '63. Chandler, Frank, priv., (I), Aug. 20, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; deserted Mar. 12, '64, Bos ton expir. of leave. Chandler, Frederick, corp., (G), Aug. 25, '61;19;w'n'd Sept. 17, '62 ; disch. disa. Dec. 20, 62. Chapman, John R., priv., (B), July 26, '61; 43; disch. disa. Dec. 27, '62 at Annapolis, Md.; enlisted V.R.C. May 25, '64; disch. disa. Dec. 17, '64. Chartin, Joseph, priv., (E), Feb. 20, '65; 21; M.O. June 30, '65 as "Shortkey." Chase, Augustus S., priv.,( A), Jan. 30, '62 ; 24 ; lost left arm, Dec.13, '62 ; disch. disa. Feb. 28, '63. Chase, Chas. A., priv., (C), Aug. 26, '61; 20; disch. disa. Oct. 28, '61. Chase, Leonard J., priv., (D), Feb. 10, '62; 20; died Oct. 9, '62. Chase, Rufus H., Corp., (A), July 26, '61; 38; disch. disa. Apr. 9, '63. Chase, Sam'ID., corp., (K), Oct. 31/62; 21; re-en. Feb. 16, '64; M.O. June 30, '65; transf. from first C.S.S. Chase, Volney P., priv., (A), Aug. 10, '61 ; 21 ; died of w 'nds June 30, '62, White Oak Swamp Va. Chase, Warren G., priv., (B), July 26, '61; 27; disch. disa. Apr. 25, '62. Cheney, Geo. A., priv., (C), July 26, '61; 22; killed, Dec. 2, '62, Fredericksburg, Va. Cheney', John A., priv., (C), July 26, '61; 20; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Nov. 15/62; see also V.R.C. enlistment paper. Cheeney, Geo. A., priv., (I), Feb. 20, '64; 22; rejected Mar. 3, '64. Chick, Wm. H., priv., (H), Dec. 10, '61; 23; N.F.R. Choate, Elisha, priv., (F), Nov. 13, '63; 41; w'n'd May 6, '64; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. sick disoh. July 21, '65. Christy, Wm. J., priv., (E), May 21, '64; 23; died of w'nds Sept. 22, '64, Deep Bottom, Va. ROSTER. 377 Chrystal, Samuel, priv., (— ), Dec. 4, '62; 21; N.F.R. Chubbuck, David T., priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 2g; w'n'd July 3, '63; disch. Dec. 30, '64; escaped pris. war. Churchill, John, priv., (— ), Aug. 23, '61; 23; N.F.R. Cipeli, Carlo, priv., (F), Nov. 11, '64; 31; deserted Dec. 24, '64, near Petersburg, Va. Claffy, Thomas, 1st sergt., (G), July 25/61; 24; killed in action, Dec. 13/62, Fredericksburg. Clafflin, James, priv., (A), May 17, '64 ; 27 ; M.O. June 30, '65 ; pris. June 22, '64 to Apr. 28,65. Clair, Henry, priv., (B), July 30, '63 ; 22 ; sub. ; deserted Sept. 26, '63 at Racoon Ford to the enemy while on picket. Clapp, Chas. K., priv., (A), Aug. 29, '62; 22;,deserted Sept. '62; surrendered May 5, '65; Pres. proc. disch. May 15, '65, O.W.D. Clapp, John A., mus., (C), Jan. 17, '65; 10; M.O. June 30, '65. Clare, James P., mus., (E), July 25, '61 ; 15 ; prin. mus. Dec. 20, '63 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '65 ; 2nd Lieut. June 30, '65; M.O. June 30, 65' as 1st. Sergt. Clark, Charles, priv., (K), June 14, '64; 10; sub. Coridon Simons; pris. June 22, '64; parolled Apr. 18, '65; disch. June 24, '65, O.W.D. Clark, Chas. F., priv., (I), Aug. 10, '61; 10; died Oct. 28, '62 at Bolivar, Va. Clark, James, priv., ( — ), Apr. 19, '64 ; 37 ; sent by mistake to 28 M.V. Apr. 24, '64 ; see rejected recruits. Clark, James, priv., ( — ), June 8/64; 21; sub. E. U. Barbour. Clark, James, priv., (E), May 27, '64; 22; sub. H. N. Carter; disch. Dec. 31, '64 from Hosp. Clark, James, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 21 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Clark, John A., priv., (E), Feb. 17, '64; 18; killed May 10, '64 ; Wilderness, Va. Clark, Pecallis N., priv., (A), Feb. 25, '65 ; 35 ; M.O. June 30, '65 ; for first enlistment see Navy Folio 115, 747. Clark, Thomas, priv., (G), May 14, '64; 21; sub. H. S. Sheldon, abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Clark, Walter, priv., Feb. 6, '65; 30; disch. disa. Feb. 20, '65; see rejected recruits. Clark, Wm. H., priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 19 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63 ; M.O. June 30, '65 as 2nd Lieut. Clayton, Arthur, priv., (I), Jan. 26, '65; 28; deserted June 9/65 from Camp Munson'sHill.Va. Clements, John, priv., ( — ), Apr. 19/64;22; supposed to have died Sept. 5/64, Andersonville in Co. B; N.F.R. Clemons, Chas. E., priv., (B), Sept. 2/62; 20; w'n'dDec.13, '62; disch. Feb. 7/63 at Alex andria, Va., by order Lt. Col. McKelvay. Clifford, Patrick D., priv., (H), Jan. 18, '65; 25; M.O. June 30, '65. Clifford, Shundron M.,'priv., (E), Nov. 16, '64; 28; M.O. June 30, '65. Cloves, Theo. C, priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 27; disch. disa. Mar. 4, '63. Cobb, Wm. H., priv., (K), Mar. 15, '65; 34; M.O. June 30, '65. Coffin, Chas. P., Corp., (A), Aug. 10, '61 ; 37; disch. disa. Oct. 4, '62 at Boston by Col. Day. Coffin, Geo. F., priv., (H), Dec. 1, '61; 23; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 in Co. A. Coffin, Gorham, priv., (A), Aug. 20, '61 ; 26; killed in action, July 3, '63, Gettysburg, Pa. Coffin, John G., priv., (A), July 26, '61; 18; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Oct. 4/62. Colaghan, Michael, priv., (C), May 26, '64; 35; sub. ; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; captured at Jerusalem Plank Road; not heard from since; died July 17, '64, Arlington, Va. Coburn, David F., priv., (E), Aug. 26, '62; 26; disch. disa. Apr. 6, '63. Colburne, Elisha H., Corp., (F), Aug. 19, '61 ; 31 ; disch. for prom. Mar. 1, '62. Colby, Eben, priv., (C), Aug. 12, '62; 26; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Colby, George W. priv., ( — ), Aug. 20/62; 18; disch. priv. Nov. 11/62, on S.C. of D. unas- signed to Co . Colby, John L., priv., (A), Jan. 30, '62; 22; disch. disa. June 9, '62; see F. 48th regt. and E, 1 Batt. HA. Cole, John G., priv., (C), Aug. 26, '61 ; 38; never joined for duty. Cole, Rufus H., Jr., priv., (B), Feb. 10, '62; 23; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; died of w'nds Oct. 5, '62 at Smoke Town Hosp., Md. Cole, Samuel, priv., (C), July 26/61; 24; deserted July 30, '61 ; returned ; disch. Oct. 17/63, according to war dept.; no authority in A.G.O. Mass. Coleman, Lewis E. J., priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 28; disch. disa. Mar. 28, '62. 378 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Collins, David, (B), Aug. 23, '61; 35; reported on Monthly report for June '62 as deserted. May 28, '62; N.F.R. Collins, George, priv., (A), Aug. 1, '63; 22; sub. Thos. Hefferman; transf. to 20th M. V. Jan, 14, '62. Collins, Peter, priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61; 18; killed in action Sept. 17, '62; Antietam, Md. Collins, Samuel E., priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 21; died of w'nds June 25, '62, Fair Oaks, Va. Collins, Thomas, priv., (E), May 27, '64; 26; sub. E. S. Strickland, has been pris.; M.O. June 30, '65. Collopy, Michael, priv., (I), Aug. 10, '61; 21; re-en. Dae. 21, '63; disch. July 31, '63; disch . paper, pris. June 22, '64 to Apr. 28, '65. Congdon, John P., sergt., (G), July 25, '61; 20; w'n'dSept. 17, '62; re-en. Dec. 21, '63;M.O. June 30, '65 as 1st Lieut. Coughlin, Patrick, priv., (B), Apr. 2, '62; 24; transf. to V.R.C. Mar. 7, '64; disch. from V.R.C. Apr. 3, '65 Co. D, 24 Regt. Conigan, Daniel, priv., (E), Sept. 2, '61; 22; w'n'd July 3, '63; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Conley, Daniel, priv., (G), Nov. 21, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65. Conner, Bernard, priv., (H), June 3, '64; 18; sub. Wm. A. Little; M.O. June 30, '65. Conners, Henry, priv., (M), July 29, '63 ; 34 ; served in prison, transf. to 20th M.V. Jan. 20,'64 Connolly, Hugh, priv., (E), Aug. '61 ; 32; died Sept. 29, '62; Philalelphia, of wounds. Connolly, James, privM (G), Aug. ig, '61; 24; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Mar. 25, 63 ; re-en. Co. B, 1st. Cav. Connolly, Michael, priv., (I), Aug. 26, '61; 18; w'n'd July 3, '63; transf. V.R.C Sept. 16/63; disch. Nov. 15, '65; from V.R.C. 9th Regt. Conrad, Christopher, priv., (C), Mar. 24, '64 ; 35; died Apr. 15, '65, Harwood Hosp., Wash.,D.C Conray, Patrick, priv., (F), May 31, '64 ; 23 ; sub. ; abs. pris. war since June 22, '64 ; not heard from since. Conroy, William, priv., Aug. 24, '61; 18; not mustered; no service; N.F.R. Converse, Augustus W., priv., band, Sept. 3, '61; 31; M.O. Aug. 8, '62; see C, 2 Cav. Converse, Josiah L., priv., mus., Sept. 9, '61; 34; disch. by order Dec. 31, '61. Conway, Bernard, priv., (C), Mar. 28, '64; 28; w'n'd. May 6, '64; abs. sick since May 17, '64; not heard from since. Conway, Bernard, sergt., (E), July 25/61; 24; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Feb. 14, '63. Conway, Stephen, corp., (B), July 26, '61; 35; disch. disa. Jan. 1, '63. Conway, Patrick, priv., (F), disch. June 30, '65. Cooger, Joseph, priv., (— ), Aug. 6, '61; 35; See Co. H 17th Mass.; not in 19th Regt. Cook, Bartlett, priv., (I), July 26, '61 ; never left state. Cook, Chas., priv., (B), Aug. 4, '63 ; 25 ; sub. Cyrenus W. H askins ; transf. to 20th M.V. Jan 23 '64 Cook, Moses K, 1st serg., (A), July 26, '61 ; 38; disch. Sept. 24, '62; sea also V.R.C. 2nd for Enlistment. , , . ini_, Coolidge, Michael, priv., (-) Aug. 21, '61 ; 34; see Co. I, 2th Mass.; did not serve in 19th Regt. Coolidge, Rufus, priv., (G), Jan. 14, '65; 20; M.O. June 30, 65. Coombs, James A., priv., (I), Aug. 28, '61 ; 18; Aug. 28, '64. Coooer Geo W., priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 21; deserted Apr. 27, '62; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Cooper', James, priv., (B), Aug. 1/63; 21; sub. Horace D. Davis; transf. to 20th M.V., Jan. 23 '64 Cooper,' Thomas, priv., (-), July 31. '63; 20; N.F.R., A.G.O. Mass.; sub. Cooper Thomas, priv., (C), Mar. 44, '64 ; 21 ; killed May 10, '64, Spottsylvania, Va. Codd David G., priv., (B). July 31, '63; 20; M.O. June 30, '65; sub. Copp jZ C. mus., (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 21 ; re^n. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. July 20. '65. /T • <-•.,„ T nriv (A) Mar. 24, '63; 20; M.O. June 30, '65. cS'je^ahTpHv.,TG), Aug. 19, '61; 24; w'n'd Sep, 17, '62; disch. disa. Apr. CorcOTan'fjames, priv., (D), July 25, '61 ; 28 ; disch. disa. Feb. 7, '63. ROSTER. 379 Corrigan, Daniel, sergt., (E), Sept. 2, '61; 22; June 30, '65. Cosgrove, Joseph W., priv., (K), Aug. 13/61 ; 21 ; w 'n 'd Sept. 17/62 ; disch. disa. Apr. 25, '63. Costello, James P., priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 19; w'n'd June 25, '62; disch. disa. July 23, '63. Costello, Thos. F., priv., (G), Oct. 10, '61 ; 20; re-en. Deo. 21, '63; died of w'nds May 24, '64. Cote, David, priv., (G), Jan. 0, '65; 30; M.O. June 30, '65. Cotter, William, priv., (E), Dec. 21, '64; 21; M.O. June 30, '65. Cottle, Samuel, priv., (H), Dec. 1/62 ; 23 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63 ; transf. to navy, Apr. 20, '64 ; disch. July \i, '65. Conlehan, Thomas, priv., (B), July 9, '63; 24; drafted; abs. pris.; not heard from since. Concho, Patrick H., priv., (C), Nov. 12, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65. Cousins, Erastus, priv., (D), Aug. 29, '62; 40; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; abs. on detached service in navy since Feb. '64. Covell, Frank D., priv., (A), Mar. 29, '64; 21 ; died of w'nds Mav 12, '64, Spottsylvania. Cowdrey, Nath., priv., band, Aug. 31, '61 ; 37 ; disch. Jan. 30, '62; see 2nd Batt. Cox, Albert T., priv., (F), Aug. 1, '61; 24; never joined the regt.; see 5th Batt. Cox, Arthur W., priv., (F), Aug. 1/61; 20; Hosp. Steward May 30/63; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 as -private. Cox, John., priv., (G), Jan. 9, '65; 23; M.O. June 30, '65. Craig, James., priv., (C), May 2, '64 ; 30 ; absent sick since Feb. 17, '65. Crane, Clarence P., priv., (D), July 25, '61 ; 24; re-en. June 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Crawford, Duncan, priv., (B), Aug. 3, '63; 31 ; sub.; transf. to 20th M.V. Jan. 23, '64. Crawley, Peter, priv., (C), Jan. 17, '65 ; 22 ; M.O. June 30, '65. Cressy, David S., Corp., (C), July 26, '61 ; 22; died May 22, '62, Washington, D.C. Cressy, Dearborn S., priv., (I), Aug, 26, '61 ; 40 ; disch. disa. Apr. 20, '62. Cressy, Romello D., priv., (I), July 26, '61 ; 20 ; died of wounds Dec. 14, '62, Fredericksburg, Va. Croft, Frederick F., priv., (B), July 26, '61; 21; w'n'd June 30, '62; 2nd Lieut. July 1, '62; dropped Oct. 13, '62 ; is reported transf. to Co. I same regt. by promotion to 2nd Lieut., but he is not recognized as having been in service as 2nd Lieut, of said Co. and regt., he having been physically disqualified for service in that grade, resulting from wounds re ceived in action June 30, '62, while an enlisted man of Co. B, said regt., and prior to the date of his commission as 2nd Lieut. ,He was dropped Oct. 13, '62 as missing by G.0. 162 Headquarters A. of P. Oct. 7, '62; N.F.R. Cromaek, Joseph B., Corp., (B), Aug. 9, '61 ; 22 ; disch. disa. Sept. 27, '62. Cromack, Joseph C, chap., (F), Aug. 3, '61; 49; transf. to 22nd M.V. Nov. 8, '61; died — , 1900, in New Jersey; buried at Hartford, Conn. Cronan, Andrew, priv., (B), Aug. 3, '63 ; 38 ; sub. ; disch. Dec. 8, '63; G. Tufts report 4. Cronan, Jeremiah C, Corp., (G), Aug. 23/61; 21; re-en. Jan. 30/64; transf. to V.R.C. July 1, '63; re-transf. to G. 19th; disch. June 24, '64 by promotion to 1st U.S. Vols. 2nd Lieut. Cronan, John, priv., (G), Feb. 1, '62; 23; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Mar. 3, '63 at Bos ton by Col. Day. Cronin, Michael.priv., (E), Aug. 21, '61 ; 40 ; died of wounds Dec. 13, '62, Fredericksburg. Cronin, Patrick, priv., (C), Nov. 21, '61; 26; M.O. June 30, '65. Cronin, Patrick, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 38; re-en. Jan. 20, '64 ; killed May 12, '64, Spottsyl vania, Va. Cronk, Sydnia, priv., (C), May 6, '64; 39; w'n'd June 6, '64; abs. w'n'd since June 6, '64; not heard from since. Cross, Chas. W., priv., (H), Dec. 1, '61 ; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65 as Sergt. Cross, Geo. E., priv., (C), July 26, '61 ; 28 ; disch. disa. Dec. 17, '62. Crowley, Bartholomew, priv., (G), July 25, '61 ; 23; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; w'n'd May 24, '64 . died May 24, '64. Crowley, John, priv., (E), Aug. 27, '61; 32; disch. disa. Oct. 4, '62. Cunniff, John, priv., ( — ), Aug. 5, '61; 18; not in regt. or mustered. Cunningham, John, priv., (H), Aug. 20, '61 ; 30 ; deserted Aug. 28, '61 . Cummings, Sam'l P., priv., (C), July 26, '61; 29; disch. Sept. 13, '62; disch. paper. Cummings, Solomon L., 1st sergt., (C), July 26, '61; 27; disch. Sept. 24, '62. Cummingham, Thos., priv., ( — ), Dec. 5, '62; 21 ; transf. to navy, Apr. 20, '64. 380 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Currier, Edward F priv.(C), July 26, '61 ; 43 ; transf. to V.R.C. Sept. 27, '63 ; disch. July 26, '64. Curtis, George, priv., (G), Nov. 21, '64; 23; M.O. June 30, '65. Curtis, J. Wm., priv., (A), Aug. 20, '61; 21; M.O. Aug 28 '64 Curtis Wm^M priv. (F), Mar. 25, '62; 21 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; d'isch.Mar. 12, '65 as 1st Lieut.- w'n'd Sept. 17, '62. ' Cushing, John P., corp., (I), Aug. 24, '61; - ; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Nov. 29, '62. Cushman, Cyrus, pnv., band, Aug. 31, '61; 30; M.O. Aug. 8, '62. Cusiek, George, priv., (H), Nov. 21, '64; 10; M.O. June 30, '65. Cutler, Jas., Jr., priv., (A), Aug. 20, '61; 21; disch. disa. July 8, '62. Dade, Geo. W., priv., band, Sept. 9, '61 ; 20 ; disch. Dec. 31, '61. Dagget, William, priv., (I), Feb. 1, '65; 21 ; M.O. June 30, '65. Dahl, John, priv., (F), Nov. 16, '64 ; 32 ; M.O. June 30, '65 ; abs. pris. war since June 22, '64 • not heard from since. Dailey, James, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 35; disch. disa. May 13, '63. Dailey, Daniel, priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 22; deserted Apr. 30, '62. Dailey, James P., priv., (E), Feb. 13, '62; 32; w'n'd June 25, '62; disch. disa. Nov. 5, '62- see also V.R.C. Dailey, John C, priv., (C), July 26, '61; 18; M.O. Aug. 20, '64. Dakin, Chas. B., priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61; 23; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Jan. '63 fat David Island Hosp., N.Y. Daley, Daniel, priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63. M.O. June 30, '65. Daley, Wm., priv., (B), Jan. 16, '65; 24; M.O. June 30, '65. Danne, Bedford, priv., Apr. 5, '64; 18; unassigned ; died July 19, '64 at Andersonville, Ga., while pris. war. Damon, Albert, priv., (H), Aug. 12, '61; 18; w'n'd July 13, '62; disch. disa. Apr. 12, '64. Danforth, George, priv., (C), July 26, '61; 19; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; M.O. Aug. 29, '64. Danforth, Jeremiah, priv., (C), July 26, '61; 43; died of w'nds Dec. 8, '62 at Spring House Hosp. Daniels, Thomas, priv., (K), Sept. '61 ; 30 ; deserted Mar. 10, '62. Darling, Leonard M., priv., (G), Mar. 31, '64; 21; M.O. June 30, '65. Davidson, Robert, priv., (A), May 12, '64 ; 19 ; is borne on M.O. roll dated June 30, '65-abs. Davis, Albert F., priv., (H), Dec. 1, '61 ; 19 ; disch. disa. Feb. 7, '63. Davis, Arthur M., priv., (A), May 14, '64; 35; drafted; M.O. Jjme 30, '65. Davis, Charles, priv., July 30, '63; 29; sub. Robert Macomber; N.F.R. Davis Edward K., sergt., (H), July 26, '61; 42; disch. disa. s(s priv., Oct. 9, '62; see Co. K: 5th 3 mos. Davis, George, priv., Feb. 17, '64; 21; N.F.R. Davis, Geo. H., priv., (E), Mar. 25, '65; 17; disch. May 6, '65. Davis, James A., priv., (B), Aug. 8, '62; 28; M.O. Aug. 4, '64; abs. pris. Davis, John, priv., (C), Aug. 3, '63 ; 26 ; sub. ; transf . to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Davis, John, priv., (F), Apr. 8, '64 ; 23 ; abs. sick in U.S. Gen. Hosp., Md., May 6, '65; N.F.R. Davis, Nath '1. W., priv., (A), July 26, '61 ; 22 ; abs. w 'n 'd Aug. 28, '64 ; N.F.R. Davis, William, priv., Dec. 9, '62; 21; N.F.R. Dawson, Jackson, priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 19; transf. to V.R.C. Feb. 11, '64; disch. Aug. 29, '64; disch. paper; no evidence of disch. in A.G.O. Mass. Dawson, Thos. R., priv., (A), Aug. 4, '63 ; 32 ; sub. Chas. M. Field ; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14,'64. Dawkins, William, priv., (D), Feb. 14, '62 ; 34 ; disch. disa. June 7, '62 ; see Wm. Dawkins, Jr. Co. C, 59th regt. Day, Chas. G., priv., (— ), Aug. 10, '61; 18; N.F.R. Day, Samuel W., priv., (E), Aug. 22, '61; 19; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; disch. disa. Mar. 6, '63; see also V.R.C. Dearing, John, priv., (E), Sept. 1, '62; 30; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; disch. disa. May 5, '63. Dean, Chas. F., priv., (K), May 17, '64; 31; M.O. June 30, '65; drafted. Deansfield, John, priv., (I), May 30, '64; 35; sub. Elbridge Souther; abs. pris, since June 22, '64; N.F.R. DeCastro, Jos. H., priv., (F), July 12, '61; 19; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. ROSTER. 381 DeLa, William.'priv., (E), May 13, '64; 23; sub. C H. Williams, abs. pris. since June 22, '64; N.F.R. Delaney, John, priv., (K), June 13/64; 20; sub. Arthur Mitchell ; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Delaney, Wm., priv., (H), Dec. 1, '61; 32; died on steamer en route to Fort Monroe July 10, '62; Co. B. Delano, Ezra, priv., (G), May 13, '64; 29 ; drafted ; died Nov. 3, '64, Andersonville, Ga. Delay, Daniel, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 21; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Nov. 17, '62; see- also V.R.C. Denihan, John, corp., (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 26; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 as priv. abs. sick. Denny, Wm., priv., (H), Aug. 12, '61 ; 18; died in Co. I June 4, '62, Fair Oaks, Va. Denny, John, priv., (I), Jan. 30, '65; 19; M.O. June 30, '65. Dennet, George, priv., (B), May 30, '64; 31; sub.; captured; paroled by Gen. McLaws, for service in Engineer shops, Savannah, Ga.; to retain work on this, parole was granted by Sec. War C.S.A., Nov. 1, '64; investigation fails to elicit further information; not M.O. but borne on M.O. roll, dated June 30, '65 as pris; with the additional information of War dept. letter Apr. 25, '92. Demon, Hugh, priv., (E), July 25, '61;26; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. Feb. 19/65; may be correct. Dennis, Wm. P., priv., (H), Nov. 2, '61; 18; disch. Oct. 22, '62 to enlist in U.S.A.; on U.S.A. enlistment credit of N.Y. Devens, James, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 35; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; transf. to V.R.C; disch. , Feb. 11, '64. Devereux, Arthur F., capt., (F), Aug. 3, '61;25; w'n'd Sept. 16, '62; disch. Feb. 27, '64. Devereux, Chas. U., capt., (H), Oct. 25, '61; 23; w'n'd June 30, '62; resigned Apr. 15, '63. Devine, Francis/priv., (B), July 8, '63; 33 ; sub. John S. Higgins; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 23, '64. Dew, George, priv., (B), July 26, '61; 18; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; .transf. to V.R.C. Sept. 1, '63; disch. Nov. 14, '65. Dickey, Morril, priv., (A), Aug. 10, '61 ; 35 ; disch. disa. Sept. 24, '62. Dickie, Isaac L., priv., (D), Feb. 10, '62; 26; disch. disa. Mar. 6, '63. Diggles, Wm. H., priv., (B), Aug. 23, '61 ; 19 ; disch. disa. June 24, '62 ; disch. paper. Dillon, Edward A., priv., (B), July 31, '63; 20; sub. Chas. M. Parks; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 23, '64. Dittmer, Wm., priv., (F), May 30, '64; 25; sub. J. K. Gleason. abs. pris. of war since June 22, '64 ; not heard from since. Dodge, James G. C, 2nd lieut., (F), Aug. 24/61; 21; w'n'd Dec. 13/62 and July 3/63; capt. Apr. 5, '63; Maj. 61st M.V., Nov. 0,'64. Doer, Stephen, priv., (B), July 31, '63 ; 32 ; sub. Geo. H. Prior, transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 23, '64. Doherty, Edward, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 37; M.O. Aug. 28, '64; abs. w'n'd June 30,.'62. Doherty, Edward C, priv., (C), July 31, '63; 31; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Doherty, Frank, priv., (— ), Nov. 18, '64; 36; N.F.R. Doherty, George, priv., (F), 35; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Doherty, James, priv., (I), July 27, '61; 21; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Jan. 13, '63. Doherty, John, priv., (E), Aug. 26, '61; 40; pris. war, not heard from since; believed died Dec. 31, '63. Doherty, Neil, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 22; deserted Aug. 18, '61. Doherty, Richard R., priv., (B), June 3, '64; 20; M.O. June 30, '65; sub. Newell White; abs. missing since Aug. 25, '64. Dolun, Wilhelm, priv., (E), Dec. 21, '64; 23; disch. June 28, '65, O.W.D. Doland, Peter, priv., (— ), Aug. 1, '63; 21; sub. Jos. F. Ward, N.F.R. Donath, Herman, priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 19; killed in action, July 3, '63, Gettysburg, Pa. Donavan, Albert, priv., (G), Aug. 4, '63; 25; sub. Russell Doane ; deserted Oct. ig, '63. Donavan, Patrick, priv., (A), Mar. 26, '64; 18; w'n'd June 3, '64; M.O. June 30, '65. Donavan, Jere., priv., (B), Feb. 20, '64; 18; died Apr. '64, Stevensburg, Va. Donavan, John, priv., (C), Aug. 27, '61; 32; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; pris. July 2, '63, to Mar. 1, '65 ; disch. June 5, '65. Dorney, David, priv., (B), May 20, '64; 40 ; M.O. June 30, '65 ; sub. Edmund Mullen. 382 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Donlan, James, priv., (I), May 13, '64 ; 41 ; drafted ; M.O. June 30/65; abs. pris.; disch. July 20, '65. Donnelly, James, priv., Feb. 26, '64; 18; rejected Mar. 1, '61. Douglas, Albert C, priv., (H), Oct. 27, '61 ; 20; re,-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. in Co. H; abs. sick, July 10, '65; died at Penoyer, Cal. Apr. 24, '05. Douglas, John E., priv., (H), Nov. 26, '61; 18; w'n'd Dec. 13/62; disch. disa. Dec. 31, '62. Douglas, Joseph, priv., (H), May 16, '64; 26; sub. J. D. Phelps; pris. July 22, '64 to Mar. 6, '65; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. sick; disch. July 15, '65. Dousley, Joseph, priv., (G), Nov. 10, '64; ig; M.O. June 30, '65; absent sick. Dow, Abram A., priv., (H), Dec. 1, '61; 25; w'n'd May 12, '64; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; transf. to 1st Batt. V.R.C. May 0, '65. Dow, Reuben B., priv., (C), Aug. 3, '63 ; 22 ; sub. G. O. Sears ; transf. to Co. D ; disch. as Sergt. June 5, '65 at Columbus Gen. Hosp., Wash., D.C. Dow, Thomas A., priv., (C), July 31, '63 ; 22 ; sub. Moses Baker; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64 Dow, William, priv., (B), July 31, '63; 43; sub. Peter H. Crowell; disch. at Boston (no]date) by order Gen. Dix. Dowd, John, priv., Aug. 5, '61; 18; no service. Downer, Samuel, priv., (C), Feb. 20, '62 ; 32 ; disch. disa. Jan. 23, '63 ; died May '63 at Grove- land, Mass. Downey, Peter, priv., (F), July 25, '61; 21; disch. disa. Apr. 10, '62. Downing, Robert E., priv., Mar. 1, '64; 18; rejected Mar. 4, '64. Doyle, Edward, priv., (I), July 26, '61; 25; w'n'd May 6, '64; M.O.Aug.28, '64asabs. sipk; see V.R.C. Doyle, George, priv., (H), Nov. 21, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65. Doyle, James, priv., (I), Apr. 1, '64; 18; w'n'd May 18, '64; abs. pris. since June 28, '64; not heard from since. Doyle, Lawrence, priv., (E), Aug. 6, '61; 20; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Doyle, Nicholas, priv., (B), June g, '64; 39; sub.; disch. July 14, '65; abs. pris. Doyle, Thomas, priv., (F), Feb. 13, '62; 32; killed in action July 3, '63; at Gettysburg, Pa. Doyle, William, priv., (B), May 21, '64; 31; sub.; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; not heard from since. Drake, Alvan, Jr., priv., band, Sept. 3, '61 ; 31 ; disch. disa. Jan. 12, '62. Driscoll, Dennis, priv., Aug. ig, '61 ; 18 ; never joined for service. Driscoll, Jerry, priv., (K), Dec. 31, '64; 21; M.O. June 30, '65. Driscoll, John P., priv., (H), Feb. 27, '64; 19; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; not heard from since. Driver, Samuel, priv., (H), Dec. 0, '61; 19; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62, May 6, '64; re-en. Dec. 21 '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Driver, Wm. R., priv., (H), Nov. 1, '61;' 23; w'n'd June 25, '62; prom. Capt. A.A.G. Vols. June 4, '64. Drury, Benj., wagoner, (H), July 26/61 ; 35 ; disch. disa. Nov. 28, '62; Co. I. Duffy, Michael, priv., (B), July 25, '63; 24; sub. Amos A. Warren; deserted Sept. 26, '63 at Racoon Ford to the enemy while on picket. Dubois, John, priv., (H), Dec. 1, '64; 35; M.O. June 30, '65. Dudley, Ezra, priv., (B), Sept. 2, '62; 10; killed in action, Dec. 13, '62, Fredericksburg, Va. Duncan, Henry, priv., Mar. 3, '64; 22; N.F.R. Dunham, Hollowell R., priv., (A), July 26, '61 ; 24; died of w'nds, Oct. 7, '62, Hoffman Hosp. Md. Dunn, Clarence, priv., (D),'Aug. 21, '61 ; 19 ; died of disease June 21, '62. Fair Oaks, Va. Dunn, Edward, priv., Jan. 9. '65; 18; died Jan. 31, '65 in hospital. Dunkin, Percy H., priv., (E), Nov. 30/64; 18; M.O. June 30/65; abs. sick; disch. June 24, '65. Dunn, James, priv., (D), Aug. 3, '63; 20; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Dunn, James, Jr., priv., June 8/64; 22; sub. N.B. Mendum ; N.F.R. Dunn, Moncena, 1st lieut., (D), Aug. 22/61; 30;w'n'dDec. 13/62, June 3/64; Capt. June 18/62; Major Feb. 28,'64; Lt. Col. July 28/65; disch. July 19, '65 expir. as Major; has been prisoner. ROSTER. 383 Dunn, James, priv., (H), Dec. 9, '61; 29; abs. pris. from Co. A, since June"22, '64, not heard from since. Dunn, Patrick, sergt., (A), July 26, '61; 34; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Feb. 6, '63;see Co. M, 4th H.A. Dunn, Phillip, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 18; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30/65. Dunn, William, priv., (I), Mar. 31, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. pris.; disch. July 7, '65. Dupan, John A., priv., (I), Aug. 22, '61; 25; M.O. Aug. 28, '64, as absent sick. Duval, George, priv., (C), May 25, '64; 21;sub. A. J. Bemis; disch. Dec. 2, '64, orderofSec. war. ^. Duran, David, priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 21; deserted June, '62. Durand, Henry, priv., (C), July 16, '63; 32; sub. Marshall Johnson; deserted Sept. 14, '63 Dustin, James E., priv., (H), Nov. 26, '61 ; 29 ; disch. disa. Sept. 23, '62. Dyer, Geo. M., priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61; 19; disch. disa, Dec. 7, '61. Dyer, Franklin J., surgeon, (F & G), Aug. 3/61; 35; disch. Aug. 28/64. Eacott, Henry, priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 22 ; killed in action, June 30, '62, White Oak Swamp Va. Eagan, John, priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61; 18; w'n'd June 30, '62; Dec. 13, '62; re-en. Dec. 21, 63; M.O. June 30, '65; Co. A. Eastley, Alfred, priv., (— ), Nov. 20, '62; 27; N.F.R. Eastman, Chas. F., priv., (H), Nov. 1, '61; 19; disch. July 20, '62. Eastman, Robert H., priv., (C), Aug. 1, '63; 18; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Eaton, James J., priv., ( — ), Jan. 28, '62; 24; see Co. F, 17 Mass.; not in 19th Regt. Eayrs, Winslow P., priv., (C), Aug. 3, '63; 28; sub. Edward E. Herrick; disch. Dec. 17, '63; G. Tufts, rept. 4, on S. C of D. Eckart, Carl, priv., (C), Aug. 4, '63; 30 ; sub. ; deserted Oct. 12, '63. Eckelman, James, priv., (C), July 22, '63 ; 39 ; sub. ; transf. to 20th M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Edwards, Charles, priv., (B), May 26, '64; 22; sub.; died Nov. '64, Andersonville. Edwards, Henry, priv., ( — ), Dec. 28, '64; 21; N.F.R. Edwards, Wm. P., priv., (B), Nov. 29, '62; 11; re-en. Dec. 1, '63; disch. Aug. 3, '65. Edwards, William, priv., (A), Aug. 10, '61; 48; w'n'd July 3, '63; M.O. Aug. 28, '64; see also V.R.C. Eggleston, Melville, 2nd lieut., ( — ), May ,6 '65; 20; M.O. June 30/65. Eilers, Heinrich, priv., (H), May 13,'64 ; 22 ;sub. Edward Crowell ; abs.pris. June 22,'64 ; N.F.R Eldridge, James, priv., (C), Aug. 3, '63; 31; sub.; transf. to 20th M.V. Jan. 14, '61. Ellery, Wm. P., priv., (H), Nov. 1/61; 18; w'n'd as Corp., July 3/63, Co. C; disch. Aug. 29, '64; re-en. in V.R.C. Elliot, William, priv., (B), June 11, '64; 25; M.O. June 30, '65 as 1st sergt. Ellis, Alfred, priv., (G), Apr. 15, '64; 28; abs. sick since '64; N.F.R. Ellis, Joseph, priv., (G), Nov. 19, '64; 18; disch. disa. Mar. 11, '65; see rej. recruits. Ellsworth, Milton, priv., (C), July 26, '61 ; 19 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; disch. June 28, '65, O.W.D. ; has been prisoner. Ellis, John, priv., (— ), May 18, '64; 28; sub. R. B. Peckham; N.F.R. Emerson, John W., sergt., (C), July 26, '61; 23;disch. disa. Oct. 28, '61 ; served V.R.C, 13th regt.; M.O. Nov. 17, '65. Emile, Moreau, priv., (G), Jan. 9, '65; 28; M.O. June 30, 65. Enwright, James, priv., (G), Dec. 10, '62; 21; N.F.R. Entzensbirger, John, priv., (E), Dec. 8, '64; 35; disch. June 23, '65. Erben, Henry, priv., (E); joined regt. Sept. 25, '63; N.F.R. Ernst, August, priv., (G), Jan. 7, '65 ; 28 ; deserted to the enemy at Hatchers Run, Va. Esminger, Hugo, priv., (G), Jan. 7, '65; 24; M.O. June 30, '65. Estes, Daniel L., priv., ( — ), Aug. 27, '62; 32; disch. Dec. 17/62; unassigned order Sec. War. Estes, Wm. P. R., priv., (D), Feb. 13, '62; 18; w'n'd July 3, '63; pris. war, June 22, '64 to May 11, '65; disch. Feb. 13, '65; expir. term; M.O. to date June 5, '65. Evans, George, priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61; 19; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 as abs. sick; N.F.R. Evans, Geo. T., priv., (K), Sept. 18, '61 ; 25; disch. expir. term, Sept. 18, '64. 384 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Faber, Wm. H., priv., (F), Feb. 5, '62 ; 21 ; transf. V.R.C. Apr. 5, '64; disch. expir. term, Feb. 5, DO. Fadigan, Patrick, priv., (I), Jan. 30, '65; 28; charge of desertion removed Oct. 26, '65; N.F.R. Fairley, Alexander, priv., Dec. 3, '62; 30; N.F.R.; died Togus, Me., Apr. 11, '05. Fallon, John, priv., (B), Dec 31, '64; 30; M.O. June 30, '65. Fallon, Owen, priv., (G), May 13, '64; 35; sub. John Halihy; died leb. 8, '65. Fallon, Martin, priv., Aug. 6, '61; 35; N.F.R., or service. Falls, Benj. F., priv., (A), Aug. 10/61; 36; re-en.'Dec. 21/63; diedof w'ndsMay 10/64, Spottsylvania. Falls, Leander, S. sergt., (B), July 26, '61 ; 22; disch. disa. Oct. 20, '62 as priv. Fane, William, priv., (G), May 13, '64; 18; sub. A. H. Page; M.O. June 30, '65 as abs. sick. Fanning, Edward, priv., Aug. 9, '61 ; 19; no service. Farrell, George, priv., (E), May 25, '64; 19; sub. M. V. Gilchrist ; died Nov. 6, '64 at Ander sonville, Ga. 3 Farrell, James F., priv., (F), Aug. 6, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; w'n'd May 7, '64; M.O. June 30, '65 as Q.M.S. Farrell, Robert, priv., (H), Jan. 18, '65; 23; M.O. June 30, '65. Farren, John, priv., (C), July25, '63; 23; sub.Henry M.Tucker; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan.14, '65. Farrer, Frank, priv., (D), May 14/64; 20; sub. Noyes Wheeler; abs. pris. as "Farnham;" N.F.R. Farrington, Henry C, priv., (H), Dec. 10/61; 31; w'n'd Dec. 13/62; disch. disa. Mar. 3, '63. Farnham, William, priv., (C), June 3, '64; 18; sub. W. H. Robinson; died Nov. 22, '64, Salisbury, N. C. Fasbell, Isaac M., priv., (H), Jan. 5, '65; 21; M.O. June. 30, '65. Faul, Patrick, priv., (D), Aug. 12, '61 ; 22 ; abs. missing since May 18, '64; N.F.R.; sup. dead. Faulkner, Patrick, priv., Sept. ,3, '61; 20; no service. Fay, William, priv., (D), Mar. 3, '64; rejected Mar. 5, '64. Fee, James, priv., (B), Aug. 19, '61; 46; disch. disa. Mar. 23, '63. Fee, William, priv., (B), Mar. 30, '64; 18; killed in action, June 7, '64, Cold Harbor, Va. Fellows, Horatio, priv., (C), July 13, '61; 34; re-en. June 20,'64; killed in action June 6, '64; . Cold Harbor, Va. Ferrin, Charles, sergt., (F), July 25, '61 ; 25; disch. disa. Mar. 14, '63 at Providence. Ferguson, Charles, priv., (D), Aug. 4, '63 ; 39 ; sub. Jas. H. Small; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64 Ferguson, John Q. A., priv., (B), Aug. 28, '61; 23; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Ferguson, Richard, priv., (K), June 13, '64; 21; sub. W. G. Pease, abs. pris. June22, '64; N.F.R. Ferris, John J., priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 19; killed in action, May 12, '64, Spottsylvania; 2nd Lieut. Jan. 12, '63, 1st Lt. Feb. 27, '63. Field, Edwin C, priv., (C), Aug. 3, '63; 26; sub.; deserted Aug. 16, '63 at Morrisville. Filley, Chas. C, priv., (A), June 9, '64 ; 20 ; M.O. June 30, '65 as 2nd Lieut. Fillow, Theo. J., priv., (C), June 13, '64; 21; sub. Geo. Walker; deserted Sept. 10, '64, near Fort Hancock before Petersburg. Findlay, James, priv., June 13, '64; 27; sub. J. F. Brierly; N.F.R. Finn, Joseph, priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61 ; 25; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Finnegan, Patrick, priv., (A), May 7, '64 ; 19 ; died Aug. 24, '64, Andersonville, Ga. Fisher, Horace A., priv., (C), Aug. 21, '61; 19; w'n'd. June 20, '62; missing; disch. disa. Nov. 22 • '62. v Fisher.John, priv., (C), July 29, '63 ; 28 ; sub. ; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Fisher, Wm. B., priv., (G), Aug. 23/61; 30; w 'n 'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Apr. 2g, 64. Fisk, Peter, priv., (— ), Dec. 16, '62; 32; N.F.R. Fitch, John, priv., (-), Deo. 2, '62; 22; N.F.R. ,„,«,„. Fit* Henry, priv., (H), Dec. 1/61; 25; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; disch. disa. Mar. 10, 63 at Washington, D.C. by Gen. Martindale. Fitzgerald, Edward, priv., (G), July 25, '61; 23; w'n'd June 25, '62 ; M.O. June 30, 65. Fitzgerald, George, priv., (—), Aug. 5, '61; 18; N.F.R. Fit*irerald John, priv., (I), July 6, '61; 24; died Nov. 20, '61 in camp, Poolesville, Md. F g ^Jormpriv^ Fitzgerald! John, priv., (F), Dec. 30, '63; 18; M.O. June 30/65; pris. since June 22, 64, paroled and joined regt. May 17, '65. ROSTER 385 Fitzgerald, Patrick, priv., (D), July 25, '61; 20; w'n'd June 3, '63; re-en. Jan. 4, '64;disch. Apr. 28, '65, O.W.D.; pris. from June 22, '64, to Apr. 12, '65. Fitzmaurice, William, priv., (D), Feb. 26, '64; 18; rejected Mar. 4, '64; see rejected recruits. Fitzpatrick, John, priv., ( — ), Dec. 19, '62; 23; no record. Fizzell, John, priv., (I), Aug. 27, '61; 18; disch. disa. Dec. 13, '62. Flaherty, James, priv., (G), Feb. 23, '65; 21 ; M.O. June 30, '65. Flanagan, James, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 19; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; May 12/64; disch. disa. Apr. 4, '63; re-en. in same Co.; killed in action, May 12, '64. Flanagan, Thomas, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 31; disch. disa. Dec. 29, '62. Flanagan, Joseph, priv., (E), July 25, ''61; 19; deserted as "John," Aug. 8, '61. Fletcher, Edward W, priv., (C), July 26, '61; 22; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June30, '65in(K). Fletcher, James S., priv., (C), Jul y 26, '61 ; 27 ; M.O. as priv., Aug. 31, '64 as of Co. H. Fletcher, Jeremy, priv., (G), Aug. 19, '61 ; 40 ; disch. May 7, '62. Flinn, Patrick, priv., (E), May 13, '64; 21; sub. O. F. Ruggles; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; not heard from since. Flood, Peter, priv., ( — ), Aug. 3, 61; 18; see Co. H, 30th Mass.; did not serve in 19th but in 30th having enlisted there in Nov. 24, '61 and Oct. 26, '65. Floyd, Joseph, priv., (B), Aug. 28, '61 ; 33 ; disch. disa. Dec. 4, '61. Flusher, Peter, priv., (— ), Jan. 18, '65; 33; disch. disa. Feb. 5, '65. Flynn, John J., priv., (— ), Feb. 29,, '64; 10; rejected Mar. 2, '64. Flynn, Richard, priv., (G), Aug. 0, '61; 34; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 abs. sick. Fogerty, Wm. H„ priv., (B), July 26, '61; 19; transf. to 10th V.R.C. July 1 ,'63; disch. July 28, '64. Fogg, Benj. E., priv., (F), Aug. 20, '61; 19; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; w'n'd June 30, '62; M.O Aug. 28, '64. Foley, Matthias, priv., (I), July 20, '61; 18; M.OMug. 28, '64; abs. w'n'd; M.O. with'det Aug. 28, '64. Foley, Owen A., priv., (E), Aug. 24, '61 ; 17 ; never joined ; not on pay roll of Co. Foley, Patrick, priv., ( — ), Aug. 1, '61; 20; no service. Folger, Daniel W., priv., ( — ), Apr, 18, '64; 25; transf. to Navy, June '64. Folsom, Henry, priv., (B), July 26, '61; 19; never joined for duty. Ford, Dennis, priv., (E), July 25, '61 ; 33; deserted Aug. 22, '61, Lynnfield. Ford, James, corp., (I), July 29, '61; 27; w'n'd Dec. 13/62; M.O. Aug. 28/64 ; as priv. Ford, James, priv., (F), Aug. 16, '61; 26; deserted Feb. 11, '62. Ford, Michael, priv., (— ), Feb. 8, '65; 23; N.F.R. Forrest, Edward, priv., (K), Sept. '61; 24; deserted June 19, '62; drowned while attempting to desert. Forsaith, John, priv., (C), Mar. 23, '64 ; 22 ; killed in action, June 22, '64 at Jerusalem Plank Road. Fortune, Richard J., priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 34; disch. disa. Feb.' 13, '63. Fosdall, Isaac M., priv., (H), June 5, '65; 44; M.O. June 30, '65. Foster, Geo. H., priv., (A), July 26, '61 ; 10; disch. disa. Mar. 3, '63. Foster, Job, priv., (C), May 13, '64; 44; disch. Mar. 25, '65 order of Gen. Dix. Foster, Thomas, priv., (G), Aug. 19, '61; 39; disch. disa. Feb. 8, '63; see Co. F. Hy. Art'y. Foster, Richard R., priv., (C), July 26, '61 ; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M. O. June 30, '65. Foster, Walter C, priv., (C), Mar. 31, '64; 28; M.O. June 30/65. Foss, John L., priv., (B), July 26, '61 ; 19 ; killed in action, Sept. 17, '62. Fountain, Andrew, Jr., priv., (D), Jan. 30, '62; 19; died of w'nds Aug. 7, '62, Yorktown, Va, Fowler, Chas. H., wagoner, (A), Aug. 10, '61; 37; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Fowler, John F., priv., (C), Aug. 12, '62; 22; M.O. June 30, '65 as abs. w'n'd. Fowler, Isaac N., priv., (K), Sept. 23, '61 ; 22; deserted Mar. 10, '62. Fox, George, priv., (B), May 18, '64; 21; M.O. June 30, '65; sub. Fox, George, priv., (K), ; 21; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. sick; last heard from in Anderson ville; supposed to be dead. Frame, Jos. H., priv., (C), Aug. 14, '61; 27; hon. disch. disa. Sept. 6, '62. 386 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Francis, George, priv., (A), May 24, '64; 22; M.O. June 30, '65; sub. Geo. Whittier. Francis, Henry A., priv., (I), July 26, '61; 21; N.F.R. Franklin, Geo. E., priv., (K), Jan. 4, '64; 31; M.O. June 30, '65; transf. from 1st Co. S.S. Frederick, L. Bestwick, priv., (K), Oct. 10, '62; 39; transf. from 1st Co. S.S. ; abs. sick; M.O. 1st S.S. Sept. 3, '64; never served in 19th. Freece, Noah L., priv., (D), Jan. 28, '62; 31; disch. disa. Aug. 25, '62 at Newport News, Va. Freiden, John, priv., (— ), Aug. 6, '61; 20; no service. French, Chas. C, priv., (A), July 26, '61; 20; N.F.R. French, Geo. H., priv., (E), Feb. 18, '65; 22; M.O. June 30, '65. French, Geo. W., wagoner, (D), July 25, '61 ; 37 ; deserted as priv., June 22, '62 at Poolesville . Frost, Hieroninus, priv., (D), July 24, '63; 35; sub. Geo. Smith; died Dec. 9/63 Regf. Hosp., Stevensburg, Va. Frye, Joseph, priv., (C), Aug. 3, '63; 25; sub. Jas. Swett, Jr.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64; disch. from Co. B, 7 V.R.C. July 7 '65. Fulton, David, Asst. surg., H.S. June 15, '65; 22; M.O. June 30, '65. Fuller, Henry G., priv., (D), July 13, '63; 27; transf. to 20th M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Gaber, Frank E., priv., (D), July 31, '63; 23; sub.; deserted Sept. 14/63. Gahagan, Nicholas, priv., (D), Aug. 3, '63; 40; sub. transf. to 20th M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Gahager, John, priv., (C), Nov. 15, '64; 19; M.O. June 30, '65. Gallager, Edward, priv., (H), Nov. 25, '64; 23; M.O. June 30, '65. Gallagher, John W., priv., (D), July 28, '63; 21; sub. Thos. W. McCabe; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64; first enlisted in Co. E, 9th, as John Gallagher. Gallagher, Michael, priv., (C), July 26, '61; 23; w'n'd and missing June 30, '62; disch. disa. Nov. 28, '62. Gallan, Patrick, priv., (F), Aug. 8, '61; 28; disch. disa. Apr. 13, '63. Galrog, James, priv., (K), June 14, '64; 24; sub. E. C Bailey; abs. pris. June 22, '64; N.F.R. Galvin, Dennis, priv., (F), Aug. 6, '61; 18; disch. disa. Feb. 13, '63; enlisted and mustered Aug. 1/63 ; credit N. Marlboro, Co. D, 6 V.R.C. ; M.O. Nov. 15, '65 ; 2nd V.R.C. to which transf- Galvin, Michael, priv., (I), Jan. 30, '65; 29; M.O. June 30, '65. Gamble, Robert J., priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61; 22; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; abs. pris. from June 22' '64 to Apr. 2, '65; disch. June 21, '65. Gammage, William, priv., (C), July 26, '61; 43; disch. disa. Jan. 23, '62. Garragan, Henry, priv., (B), July 26, '61 ; 25; disch. disa. Dec. 9, '61. Gannan, John, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 38; disch. disa. Aug. 7, '62 at Alexandria, Va. Gannan, William, priv., (— ), Apr. 9, '64, 26; N.F.R. Garcia, John, priv., ( — ), Apr. 1, '65; 25; disch. May 6, '65 ; unassigned. Gardner, Thomas, priv., (A), Aug. 20, '61; 22; deserted Aug. 28, '6J, Lynnfield. Gardner, William, priv., (F), Aug. 8, '61; 26; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62 and June 30, '62; disch. Oct. 27, '62 to re-en. in U.S.A. Garfield, Josiah, priv., (K),'Aug. 13, '61 ; 21 ; w 'n 'd May 10, '64 Spottsylvania; M.O. Aug. 28, '64- Gaston, George, priv., (E), Dec. 3, '64; 39; disch. June 10, '65. Gateley, Thomas, priv., (E), July 25, '61 ; 22; disch. disa. Dec. 26, '62 by order of Gen. Mar- tindale. Gatz, George, priv., (C), Jan. 5, '65 ; 35 ; M.O. June 30, '65. Gaynor, Franois, priv., (D), July 24, '61; 34; died Feb. 24, '63. George, Willard K., priv., (F), Jan. 25, '62 ; 22 ; disch. disa. May 24, '62. George, Wm. T., priv., (C), Aug. 12, '62; 35; disch. prom, as "Wallace," Oct. 29, '63; per S.O.W.D.; mustered in as 1st Lieut. Co. E, 37 V.S.C.T. Oct. 30/63; hon. disch. Feb 13/65. Gelroy, James, priv., (K), June 14, '64; 24; M.O. June 30, '65. Gerard, Julius, priv., (B), Jan. 3, '65; 25; deserted June 25, '65. Gibbens, Wm., priv., (F), July 25/61; 26; w'n'd July 3/63; re-en. Dec. 21,'63; M.O.June 30, '65. Gibbs, Chas. H., priv., band, Sept. 9, '61; 21; disch. Jan. 30, '62; see also V.R.C. Gibson, George, priv., (E), Feb. 13, '65; 38; M.O. June 30, '65. Gifford, David H„ priv., (G), Nov. 10, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65. ROSTER. 387 Gifford, Jos. S., priv., (F), Aug. 21, '61 ; 27 ; died of w 'nds Sept. 25, '62, Winchester, Va. Gilbert, Delos, priv., (I), June 13,' '64; 20; sub.; abs. pris., June 22, '64. Giles, Israel, priv., (A), Aug. 20, '61; 35; disch. disa. Oct. 14, '62. Giles, John H., priv., (H), Deo. 9, '61; 35; disch. disa. Mar. 18, '63. Gillespie, Patrick, priv., (E), Mar. 9, '64; 24; w'n'd May 12, '64; disch. disa. June 12, '65. Gilford, Jos. A., priv., (B), Aug. 27, '62; 22; killed in action Dec. 11, '62, Fredericksburg, Va. Gilheany, Jack, priv., (K), Jan. 24, '65; 23; M.O. June 30, '65. Gillon, Edward, priv., (— ), July 16, '63; 25; N.F.R. Gingrass, Sidney, priv., (C), May 30/64; 21; sub. J. K. Anthony, abs. 'w'n'd; disch. to date Dec. 20, '64 Glassett, Dennis, priv., ( — ), Mar. 25, '62; 25; never joined for duty; deserted. Glassett, James, priv., ( — ), Aug. 5, '61; 18; no service. Glidden, Ezra A., priv., ( — ), band, Aug. 31, '61; 32; disch. June 8, '62. Goarant, Doffels, priv., (B), May 13, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65; sub. J. M. Parker, taken pris. June 22, '64; returned to duty May 12, '65. Goff, Edward H., priv., (C), Apr. 4, '64; 20; w'n'd May 6, '64; abs. w'n'd as "Edwin;" deserted June 26, '64; surrendered May 10, '65 under pres. proc; disch. May 15, '65. Golden, Edward, priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61; 10; w'n'd May 11, '64; re-en. Dec. 21> '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Goodhue, Alexander, priv., (F), May 30, '64; 23; sub. H. A. Tarbox;abs. pris. war since June 22, '64. Goodnow, Samuel E., priv., (A), July 20, '63; 22; sub. transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Goodnow, Wm. C, priv., (H), Nov. 1, '61; 18; disch. disa. Nov. 12, '62. Goodrich, Horace, priv., (H), Jan. 5, '65; 26; M.O. June 30, '65. Goodrich, Wm. H., priv., (D), Aug. 26, '61; 32; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; transf. to V.R.C. Nov 6, '63; disch. from 20 V.R.C. Nov. 21, '65. Goodsell, Henry, priv., (H), Dec. 6, '61; 18; disch. June 22, '64. Goodwin, Andrew, priv., (B), Aug. 28, '62; 24; w'n'd July 3, '63; M.O. Aug. 28, '64.' Goodwin, George, priv., (— ), Dec. 1, '62; 23; N.F.R. Goodwin, Geo. F., priv., (F), July 25, '61; 18; disch. Oct. 24, '62 to re-en. in U.S.A. Gookins, James B., priv., (G) Aug. 23, '61; 42; disch. disa. Dec. 23, '62. Gordan, Geo. W., priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 25; M.O. Aug. 28, '64- < Gorman, Peter, priv., (E), Dec. 21, '64; 28; M.O. June 30, '65. Gormley, Terrence, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 10; w'n'd July 3, '63; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; pris- since June 22, '64; M.O. June 30, '65. Gorry, Mark, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 21; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; re-en. Jan. 4, '64; M.O. June 30, '65 ; disch. June 30, '65 ; disch. paper. Goss, James W., priv., (I), Jan. 25, '65; 28; M.O. June 30, '65. Goway, Nelson W., priv., (B), July 26, '61 ; 18 ; died from w 'nds July 25/62 at New York. Grady, Michael, priv., '.F), Aug. 6, '61; 34; disch. disa. Jan. 16, '63. Graham, Edmund, priv., ( — ),July 31, '63; 20; sub. Arunce E. Chase; N.F.R. Graham, John, priv., (K), May 25, '64; 20; sub.; deserted Aug. 12, '64. Grant, Alexander, priv., (I), July 26, '61; 10; killed in action, Sept. 17, '62, Antietam, Md. Grant, Augustus, priv., (A), July 26, '61 ; 10 ; deserted June 27, '62 at Fair Oaks ; enlisted in Navy as Albert Morse, June 22, '62; died as Albert Morse, in U.S.G. Hosp. Mar. 1, '65- Grau, Jacob, priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 21; dropped Oct. 13, '62. Gray, Vinyal O., priv., (H), May 13, '64; 20; M.O. June 30, '65. Gray, William, priv., ( — ), Dec. 2, '62; 21; no service. Graves, Horace, priv., (E), July 25, '61; 20; killed in action, Sept. 17, '62, Antietam, Md. Greeley, Adolphus W., priv., (B), July 26, '61; 18; w'n'd in face Sept. 17, '62; disch. Mar. 4, '63, S.O.W.D.; unassigned May 10, '60; 5th Cav. July 14, '60, 1st Lieut. 5th Cav. May 27, '73; M.O. Mar. 22/67;Brev't Maj. Mar. 13, '65; in Penn. Estab. 2nd Lieut. 36th Inf. Mar.7, '67; appointed from Louisiana; Capt. June 11, '86; Brig. Gen. & Chf. Sig. Corps, Mar. 3, '87. Green, Andrew B., priv., (D), July 20, '63; 28; transf. to 20 M.V.M. Jan. 14, '64. 388 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Green, Asa W., priv., (F), Jan. 30, '62; 22; transf. to V.R.C. Sept. 26 '63 ' Green, Chas. H., priv., (D), June 7/64; 18; sub. C.H.Hardy; abs. sick since Feb. 1/65-NFR Green, Daniel J., priv., (B), Jan. 16, '65; 28; M.O. June 30, '65. Green, Franklin W., priv., (F), Jan. 25, '62; 21; w'n'd June 30/62; disch. disa. Feb. 10/63 Green, Charles, priv., (— ), May 18, '64; 22; sub. John Chapin; N.F.R. Greenleaf, Albert H., priv., (A), Aug. 20, '61; 25; w'n'd May 10, '64; re-en. Dec 21 '63- M.O. June 30, '65. „ Griere, Thomas, priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61 ; 10; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Aug. 29 '62- see also V.R.C Grinn, Frederick, priv., (E), Dec. 20, '64; 23; deserted June 5, '65; at Munson's Hill, Va Groom, John, priv., (— ), Aug. 26, '61 ; 18; disch. disa. Dec. 15, '61. Grooms, John, priv., (I), July 26, '61 ; 18 ; disch. disa. Dec. 15, '61 ; Co. H, see 1, 17th Regt. Guizaso, Sidney, priv., (C), May 25, '64; 21; M.O. June 30, '65. Guilfoyle, Dennis, Corp., (E), July 25, '61; 20; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Oct. 29, '62; see also V.R.C. Guinon, Philip, sergt., (H), July 26, '61 ; 24 ; killed in action as priv., Co. I, June 30, '62, White Oak Swamp. Hadley, Chas. K., priv., (F), Aug. 5, '61; 42; disch. disa. Apr. 8, '62. Hagan, James, priv., ( — ), Mar. 21, '64; 21; N.F.R. Hagan, Michael F., priv., (D), July 25, '63 ; 28 ; sub. Fred Bacon ; transf .to 20 M.V.M. Jan. 14,'64. Hagen, John, priv., (D), May 14, '64; 35 ; drafted ; disch. disa. June 26, '65. Hagedon, Heinrich, priv., (E), Aug. 1 1', '63 ; 21 ; sub. Horace Cilly ; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14,'64. Hager, Isaac G., priv., (A), July 26, '61; 36; disch. disa. Mar. 24, '62. Haggerty, Patrick, priv., (E), July 25, '61;20;killedin action Dec. 13/62; Fredericksburg, Va Haland, Daniel, priv., ( — ), Aug. 14, '61 ; 22 ; no service. Hale, Benj. F., priv., (C), Aug. 25, '61 ; 22; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Hale, Edward A., priv., (A), Aug. 10, '61 ; 31 ; died of w'nds June 31, '62 at Glendale, Va. Hale, Henry A., 1st lieut. (H), Aug. 3, '61; 21; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62 — June 3, '64. Hale, Paul N., sergt., (C), July 26, '61 ; 24; disch. disa. as priv., Oct. 30, '62. Haley, Chas. A., priv., (K), Aug. 13/61; 25; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62 ; deserted, Sept. 26, '62. Haley, Martin, priv., (E), Aug. 11, '63; 21; sub. Geo. W. Randall, deserted Aug. 19, '63 at Morrisville; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64; (paper transfer.) Haley, Michael, priv., (D), Aug. 6, '61 ; 43 ; disch. disa., Fairport, Dec. 16, '62. Haley, Patrick, priv., (G), Nov. 19, '64; 21 ; deserted Dec. 20, '64, while en route to join regt. Haley, Wm. M., priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 27; deserted June 30, '62; abs. in confinement at Ft. Hamilton, N.Y.; M.O. Aug. 28, '64, without pay or allowance. Hall, Chas. A., priv., (I), Aug. 26, '61; 28; disch. disa. Jan. 14, '63. Hall, Ephriam A., Jr., sergt., (F), Aug. 1, '61 ; 22; disch. Apr. 29, '64 as 2nd Lieut. Hall, Samuel A., priv., (A), July 26/61; 32; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; M.O. Aug. 26, '64. Hall, Thomas, priv., (E), Mar. 9, '64; 23; w'n'd. May 10, '64; transf. to Co. F; pris. June 22, '64 to May 6, '65; M.O. June 30, '65. Halliday, Samuel A., priv., (H), Nov. 26, '61 ; 18; disch. Dec. 0, '64; expir. term. Halligan, Miohael, priv., (E), July 30, '63; 26; drafted; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14/63. Hallis, John, priv., (B), May 18, '64; 20; drafted; M.O. June 30, '65. Ham, Erastus G., priv., (A), July 26, '61 ; 26 ; disch. disa. Mar. 24, '62. Ham, Geo. P., priv., (I), Aug. 26, '61;24; died of w'nds Aug. 21, '63 at Ft. Schuyler, N.Y. Hamilton, William, priv., (D), July 31, '63; 41; sub. Henry E. Davis; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Hanson, Charles, priv., (E), Mar. 1, '65; 28; M.O. June 30, '65. Hanson, Peter, priv., (A), Aug. 20, '61 ; 30; disch. disa. Deo. 9. '62. Hapgood, Oliver, 1st segrt., (H), July 26, '61 ; 28; killed in action, June 30, '62 at Glendale. Hardy, John C, priv., (C), July 26, '61; 26; disch. disa. Dec. 31, '62. Hardy, Patrick, privr, (E), July 25, '61 ; 10; disch. Jan. 16, '62 as corp. to enlist in 5th U.S. Art'y., Co. I. Hardy, Sylvanus W„ priv., (D), Feb. 10, '62; 30; disch. disa. Oct. 1, '62. Harmanyville, James, priv., ( — ), Aug. 27, '62; 27; never left state; N.F.R. ROSTER. 389 Harper, Robert, priv., (H), Aug. 24, '61; 18; w'n'd June 25, '62 ; disch. from Co. D, Oct. 17, '62 for disa. Haney, William, priv., ( — ), June 16, '64; 27; sub. John R. Bates; N.F.R. Harring, William, wagoner, (E), July 25, '61; 38; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 as priv. as abs. sick. Harrington, Chas. F., priv., (K), Oct. 21, '62; 18; transf. from 1st S.S. ; abs. sick since Aug. 30, '64. Harrington, Geo. E., priv., (K), May 18, '64; 24; sub. C G. Davis; deserted Aug. 20, '64. Harrington, James, priv., (— ), May 14, '64; 22; sub. H. M. Clark; N.F.R. Harrington, John H., priv., (E), May 14, '64; 44; drafted; M.O. June 30, '65; disch. disa. July 21, '65. Harrington, Michael, priv., (H), Aug. 12, '61 ; 10; disch. Aug. 28, '64; expir. term in Co. D; see also V.R.C. Harrington, Timothy, priv., (E), July 25/61; 20; w'n'd Dec. 13/62; disch. disa. Jan. 24/63. Harrington, Thomas, priv., (G), Jan. 20, '65; 20; M.O. June 30, '65. Harris, Charles, priv., (D), July 31, '63; 32 ; sub. ; transf . to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Harris, Edward, corp., (I), Aug. 26, '61; 27; died Oct. 27, '62, Bolivar, Va. Harris, Geo. W., sergt., (I), July 26, '61; 20; priv.; disch. disa. Sept. 21, '63. Harris, Henry, priv., (I), Jan. 24. '65; 20; M.O. June 30, '65. Harris, James, priv., (A), Feb. 25, '65; 35; M.O. June 30, '65. Harris, Mark A., priv., (D), Aug. 10, '61; 24; w'n'd Sept. 17/62; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 as abs. w'n'd. Harris, Nath'l. C, Corp., (F), Aug. 28, '61 ; 35 ; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 ; as abs. sick. Harris, Seth M„ priv., (F), Feb. 5, '63; 21; disch. disa. May 30, '63. Harris, William, priv., (H), Jan. 21, '65; 10; M.O. June 30, '65. Harrison, George, priv., (— ), Dec. 2, '62; 25; N.F.R. Harrison, James M., priv. (E), Aug. 11, '63; 24; sub. Allen Freeman; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Hart, James, priv., (A), Apr. 28, '64; 25; absent pris. since June 22, '64; N.F.R. Harton, John, priv., (I), July 26, '61; 26; disch. disa. Jan. 31, '63. Hartzman, Alfred, priv., (E), Aug. 11, '63; 20; sub. Henry Wyatt; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan 14, '64. Harvey, Patrick W., priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 20; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62, July 3, '63, June 3, '64; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Harwood, John, priv., ( — ), Jan. 11, '64; 45; rejected Jan. ig, '64. Haskell, Chas. H., priv., Sept. 5, '62; 24; deserted while en route to regt. Haskell, Benj. F., priv., (H), Dec. 6, '61; 18; disch. disa. at Boston, Mass. Oct. 31, '62. Haskins, Edward C, priv., (F), May 30, '64; 21; sub. F. B. Richardson; absent pris. since June 22. '64; not heard from since; real name was Edward Sabine. Hastings, Geo. H., priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 20 ; disch. disa. Feb. 15, '63. Hastings, Horace A., mus., (E), July 25, '61; 18; re-en. Feb. 28, '64; M.O. June 30, '65. Hayden, Wm. H., priv., (A), July 26, '61 ; 21 ; disch. disa. Mar. 10, '63. Hayes, James, priv., (F), Jan. 25, '62; 28; disch. disa. Oct. 20, '62. Hayes, James J., priv., (G), Aug. 19, '61; 18; killed in action Sept. 17, '62, Antietam, Md. Hayes/John I., priv., (B), Feb. 24, '64; 18; rejected Feb. 28, '64. Hayes, John W., priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 22; w'n'd May 12, '64; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Haynes, Clement, priv., (I), Jan. 5, '64; 18; disch. June 30, '65 at U.S. Gen. Hosp., Readville, Mass. Hauseman, Wm., priv., ( — ), Dec. 4, '62; 21; N.F.R. Hawes, Stephen, priv., (F), July 25, '61; 23; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Havey, Daniel P., priv., (H), July 26, '61; 18; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Sept. 16, '62. Havey, James, priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 22; sent to Boston Aug. 29, '64 for M.O.; failed to report and is considered by war dept. a deserter; removal of charge of desertion has been denied him by Sec 'y . of War. Hazen, Chas. R., sergt., (F), July 25, '61;27; w'n'd Sept. 17, '64; disch. disa. Apr. 19, '64. Hazen, Jacob F„ priv., (C), July 31, '61 ; 27 ; died of w'nds Oct. 10, '62, received Sept. 17, '62 at Antietam, Md. 3*0 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Hazen, Nathan T., priv., (C), July 26, '61 ; 23; disch. disa. Jan. 8, '63; see also V.R.C. Hazen, Warren J., corp., (C), July 26, '61; 26; disch. disa, Oct. 14, '62; see also V.R.C. as Joseph W. Heald, Austin, M. priv., (— -), Aug. 15/62; 18; not in 19th Mass.; see 1st Co. S.S.; died in S.S. Heam, John, priv., (G), Aug. 26, '61; 42; disch. disa. Jan. 25, '63. Hearn, Wm. A., priv., (G), Jan. g, '65 ; 28; deserted Mar. 28, '65, at Hatchers Run, Va., to the enemy. Heath, James H., priv., (C), July 26, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Hecker, Frederick, priv., (C), Mar. 24, '64; 28; deserted May 6, '64, Fight of Wilderness. Heffron, Wm., priv., (D), July 25, '61 ; 30; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Heild, Francis, priv., (F), Aug. 6, '61; 25; disch. disa. Dec. 19, '62. Heill, Frank, priv., (D), July 31, '63; 21; sub. John Dwelly; trans, to 20th M.V. Jan. 14/fio. Heitzzes, John, priv., (K), Feb. 8, '65; 20; M.O. June 30, '65. Henderson, George, priv., ( — ), July 31, '63; 21; sub. Eugene S^Freegjaa-; N.F.R. Hendley, Robert, priv., (K), Aug. 13, '61; 19; w'n'd Juzre 30,™?62; N.F.R. Hennesey, Michael, priv., (G), Jan. 26, '65; 27; M.O. June 30, '65. Henry, James, priv., (G), Aug. 3, '63; 25; sub. Geo. W. Nickerson; deserted Nov. 28, '63. Henry, John M., priv., (F), Aug. 19/61 ; 40 ; w'n 'd June 30, '62 ; disch. disa. Feb. 4, '63 in Co. I. Henry, Thomas, priv., (F), Aug. 24, '61; 19; N.F.R. Hern, James O., priv., (D), July 25, '62; 18; w'n'd June 25, '62 ; dropped Oct. 13/62 Herring, John, priv., ( — ), Aug. 21, '61; 43; disch. Jan. 22, '63, at Ft. Munroe, Va., disa.; no evidence of disch. in A.G.O. Mass. Herriberry, Philip, priv., (H), Jan. 24, '65; 42; M.O. June 30, '65. Hervey, Jos. H., corp., (C), July 26, '61 ; 20 ; killed in action, July 3, '63 at Gettysburg, Pa. Hess, John, priv., (— ), Aug. 11, '63; 21; sub. J. A. Hollis; deserted Aug. 14, '63. Hews, Austin W., priv., (H), Jan. 12, '65; 27; deserted June 11, '65, Munson Hill, Va. Heywood, William, priv., (G), June 29, '64; 19; M.O. June 30, '65. Higson, Thomas, priv., (H), Nov. 21, '64; 30; M.O. June 30, '65. Higgins, Archibald, Jr., priv., (A), July 26, '61 ; 21 ; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Higgins, Patrick, priv., (G), Jan. 12, '65; 26; M.O. June 30, '65. Higgiston, James, priv., (C), Apr. 8, '64 ; 21 ; pris. May 6, '64 to May 1, '65 ; M.O. June 30, '65 Hill, Allen, R„ priv., (H), Jan. 23, '65; 34; M.O. June 30, '65. Hill, Franklin I., priv., (I), Jan. 26, '65; 2lfdeserted Mar. 31, '65. Hill, Henry, priv., (— ), Dec. 4, '62; 25; N.F.R. Hill, Jere. B., priv., (A), Aug. 20, '61 ; 40 ; N.F.R. Hill, John, priv, (A), Mar. 15, '64; 39; w'n'd May 12, '64; N.F.R. Hill, John, priv., (— ), June 15, '64; 23; sub. G. Hould; N.F.R. Hill, John E., Asst. Surg., (F & G), July 24, '62; died of wounds Sept. 11, '62. Hill, Jos. G, priv, (K), May 18, '64;26;sub. H. D. Parker; deserted Aug.20, '64;was capt'd Aug. 25/64, par 'I'd Oct. 8, '64; reported at camp parol, Md, Oct. 11, '64;furloughed Oct. 31 '64 for 15 days & deserted Nov. 14, '64; application for removal of charge of desertion and hon. disch. has been denied. Hill Wm. A, priv, (A), Feb. 10, '62; 21; M.O. expir. term; disch. as Capt. Sept. 27, '64. Hills, Chas. K, priv, (D), Feb. 10, '62; 21; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; disch. June 17, '65; pris. from June 22, '64 to June 2, '65. Hilton, Henry, priv, (B), Dec. SO, '64; 21; died of w'nds Apr. 22, '65, Washington, D.C. Hinds,' Charles, priv, (H), July 26, '61; 22; disch. disa. Jan. 20, '62, Co. D. Hine, Jesse M, priv, band, Aug. 26, '61; 35; disch. Nov. 26, '61. Hines, Henry, priv, (D), July 25, '61; 18; abs. w'n'd May 24, '64; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Hinks, Edward W, Col, (F & G), Aug. 3, '61; 31; w'n'd June 30, '62, Sept. 17, '62; disch. Mar. 22, '63 ; having tendered his resignation official army register U.S. Vols. prom, him to Brig. Gen. Nov. 20, '62 ; 2nd Lieut. 2 Cav. U.S.A. Apr. 26, '61 ; Lt. Col. 8th Mass. M.V.M. Apr. 30 , '61 ; Col. May 16, '61 ; resigned com. 2nd Lieut. — 2 U.S. Cav. June 4, '61 ; M.O. Vol. service Aug. 1, '61; Col. 19th Mass. Vols. Inf. Aug. 3, '61; Brig. Gen. Vol. May 20. '62- Brev't. Maj. Gen. Vols, Mar. 13, '65; resigned June 30, '65; Lieut. Col. 40 U.SMnf. July 28, '66; Brev't. Col. Mar. 2, '65; Brev't. Brig. Gen. Mar. 2/67; transf. to 25th regt. Mar. 15, '69; retired with rank of Col. Dec. 15, '70. ROSTER. 391 Hinks, Elisha A., sergt. N.C.S., Aug. 3/61 ; 33 ; Brev 't. Col. Mar. 13, '65 ; w 'n 'd Sept. 17, '62 , Dec. 1,3, '62, June 3, '64; disch. disa. Oct. 7, '64, Co. B. Hitchcock, Simon D, priv, (G), Aug. 23, '61;23;w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. for w'nds, Dec. 20, '62; see Co. 3rd regt. 3 mos. Hitchings, Abijah Frank, priv, (H), Oct. 25, '61; 20; w'n'd Dec. 13/62; disch. disa. July 25, '63. Hitzinger, Martin, priv, (G), Jan. 10, '65; 44; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. sick since June 6, '65. Hobert, Charles, priv, (D), May 14, '64; 20; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Hodges, John, Jr., 1st Lieut, (B), Aug. 3, '61; 19; resigned June 19, '62. Hodgkins, Jos. E, priv, (K), Aug. 11, '62; 20; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Hogan, John, priv, (F), Sept.. '61; 22; dropped from rolls, Oct. 13, '62 at Bolivar, Va. Hogan, Michael F, priv, (D), July 25, '63 ; 28 ; transf. Jan. 14, '64 to 20th Inf. Hogan, Stephen, priv, (E), May 21, '64; 37; sub. S. E. Brown; died Aug. 18, '64, Anderson ville, Ga. Hoitt, William, priv, (I), July 29, '61; 31; w'n'd July 3, '63; disch. Mar. 3, '64. Holbrook, Cyrus F, priv, (— ), Apr. 18, '64; 37; N.F.R. Holden, Walter, priv, (B), Mar. 17, '62 ; 33 ; disch .disa. Nov. 4, '62 ; disch. from V.R.C. rej 't 'd . Holden, Webster D, corp, (F), Aug. 27, '61 ; 28; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Holland, Daniel, priv, (D), July 25, '62; 22; killed "in action, July 3, '63, Gettysburg, Pa. Hollister, Jas. W, priv, (A), July 26, '61; 25; w'n'd June 25, '62; N.F.R. , Holms, William, priv, (A), July26/61;23;w'n'dSept.l7/62;transf. to 130th Co.2nd Batt. V.R.C. Dec. 28, '63; re-en. May 14, '64; M.O. as of D Co. 0th V.R.C. to which assigned Nov. 22, '65. Holmes, Alexander, priv, ( — ), July 18, '64; 25; disch. disa. July 22, '64. Holt, Davis, priv, (D), May 13, '64; 40; M.O. June 30, '65. Homan, Jos. H, priv, (K), Aug. 26, '61; 30; transf. to V.R.C. Dec. 14, '63. Homan, Thos. B, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 23; M.O. as sergt.; w'n'd July 3, '63. Homer, Jos. L. B, priv, (G), Sept. 16, '61; 22; not mustered; deserted Dec. '61 ; never joined regt. Homer, Henry A, capt, (D), Oct. 8, '64; 26; M.O. June 30, '65; see E, 44th & 56th regts. Homer, Geo. H, priv, (B), Feb. 24, '62; 26; deserted Aug. 31, '62. Honey, Jas. M, priv, (I), Aug. 10, '61; 41; disch. disa. Feb. 12, '63. Hopkins, Horace E, priv, ( — ), Jan. 17, '65; 18; disch. Mar. 15, '65; S.O.W.D. Hopkins, John, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 26; deserted June 22, '62, at Annapolis, Md. Hopkinson, Wm, priv, (G), May 11, '64; 34; M.O. June 30, '65. Horrigan, Jeremiah priv, (F), Aug. 24, '61; 28; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Horrigan, Michael, priv, (A), Feb. 18, '65; 38; M.O. June 30, '65. Hovey, Samuel D, 1st Lieut, (G), Aug. 23, '61; 21; resigned Nov. 28, '61; M.O. Aug. 28, '61. Howard, Alexander, priv, (— ), Dec. 21, '62; 23; N.M.; N.F.R. Howard, Daniel P, priv, (B), July 26, '61 ; 24 ;killed in action, Dec. 13, '62,Fredericksburg, Va. Howard, Kendrick, priv, (I), Aug. 10, '61; 18; M.O. in Co. K, Aug. 28, '64. Howe, Charles, sergt, (K), Aug. 14, '62; 24; disch. expir. term, Aug. 28, '64. Howe, Henry, Maj, (F & G), Aug. 3, '61 ; 25 ; killed in action, June 30, '62 at Glendale. Howe, John C, priv, (E), July 25, '61 ; 20 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63 ; deserted Mar. 13, '64 while on furlough. Howe, Wm. O. M, priv, band, Sept. 0, '61; 14; disch. Nov. 17, '61. Hoyt, Daniel, priv, (E), May 13, '64; 34; died Sept. 10, '64, Andersonville, Ga. Hoyt, John L, sergt, (D), Aug. 27, '62; 24; died of w'nds, July 5, '63, Gettysburg. Hubbard, Charles, priv, (— ), June 13, '64; 21; sub.; N.F.R. Hubbard, Charles, priv,( A), Apr. 22, '64 ; 23 ; abs. prisAince June 22, '64 ; not heard from since. Hubner, Frederick, priv, (D), July 31, '63; 29; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Hudson, Charles, priv, (A), July 26, '61; 22; died of w'nds, Dec. 14, '62, Falmouth, Va. Hudson, Jonathan, priv, (A), Aug. 20, '61; 38; killed June 30, '62; White Oak Swamp, Va. Hughes, James, priv, (— ), Mar. 8, '64; 34; N.F.R. 392 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Hull, John, priv, (C), Aug. 20, '61; 33; killed in action, June 25, '62; Fair Oaks, Va. Hurd, Julius B, priv, (A), Apr. 8, '64; 21; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; not heard from since. Hunt, Philip, priv, (D), July 21, '63; 23; sub. Frank Baxter ; transf . to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Hunter, Frank, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 21; dropped Oct. 13, '62; disch. disa. May 19, '63, Mason Hosp.; capt'd. in action at Savage Station, Va, June 30, '62; confined at Rich mond, Va.;par'l'd, Sept. 13, '62. Hunter, John W, priv, (I), Aug. 20, '61; 20; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; disch. disa. Jan. 9, '63. Washington, D. C. Hume, Lysmder J„ 1st sorgt. (K), August 13, '61;22; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; M.O. June 30, 65 Hurley, Edward J, priv, (— ), Dec. 10/62; 18; N.F.R. Hurley, John, priv, (F), July 25/61; 20; N.F.R. Hurley, Patrick, Corp., (E), July 25/61; 25; killed in action Sept. 17/62. Ingalls, John, priv, (D), May 13, '64; 38; killed in action Aug. 25, '64, Deep Bottom, Va. Ingersoll, Hinman E, priv, ( — ), Mar. 8, '64; 18; disch. disa. Mar/64. Jacobs, Andrew G, priv, (G), July 25, '61; 22; killed in action, June 30, '62, White Oak Swamp, Va. Jackson, Frederick, priv, (E), July 31, '63; 22; sub. Albert Bragg; deserted Oct. 15, '63 at Culpepper. Jackson, John, priv, (I), May 4, '64; 10; M.O. June 30, '65. Jackman, Leopold, priv, (B), Dec. 27, '64; 27; M.O. June 30, '65 ;absent sick ;disch. July 11, '65. James, Jos. C, priv, (F), July 25/61; 20; w'n'd Sept. 17/62; disch. disa. June 9/63. James, William, priv, ( — ), May 31, '64; 25; sub. Alvin Sibley; N.F.R. Janmann, John, priv, (I), Dec. 30, '64; 35; M.O. June 30, '65. Jaques, Edmund H, priv, (D), Aug. 12, '62; 27; abs. sick; M.O. as corp, Aug. 29/64 also borne as Edwin H. Jaques. Jaques, John J, priv, (D), Aug. 12, '62; 20; w'n'd Dec. 13/62 ; disch. disa. as corp^Apr. 1,'63, Jarvis, Wm. H, priv, (H), Nov. 1, '61; 18; dropped Oct. 13, '62. Jauman, John, priv, (H), Dec. 30/64 ; 18; M.O. June 30/65; medal of honor, issued Dec. 1/64. Jellison, Benj. H, priv, (O.July 26, '61; 17; w'n'd June 25, ',.62; June 3, '64; M.O. as sergt. re-en. Dec. 21/63. Jellison, David B, priv, (C), July 26, '61; 19; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62 ; re-en. Feb. 25, '64; M. O. June 30, '65. Jellison, Sam. C, priv, (C), July 26/61; 18; killed June 30/62. at Glendale. Jenkins, Albert M, priv, (G). May 13/64; 21; sub. R. E. Newcomb; abs. pris. war since June 22/64; N.F.R. Jenkins, Chas. F, priv, (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 18; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Oct. 31, '62. Jenkins, Nathan B, priv, (E), July 24, '63; 20; died in Richmond, Va, as N.F. Dec. 4, '63 Jenkins, Robert C, priv, (F), Aug. 8, '61; 32; disch. disa. Feb. 12, '63. Jenner, Jacob, priv, (G), Jan. 11, '65; 27; deserted June 18, '65 at Munson Hill, Va. Jennings, Henry, priv, (C), Apr. 22, '64; 30; w'n'd June 3, '64. Jewett, David J. M. A, priv, (K), Aug. 30, '62; 28; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. as 1st Lieut and Regtl. Q.M. June 30, '65. Jewett, Henry B, priv, (C), July 26, '61 ; 18; abs. sick; M.O. June 30, '65. Jewett, Wm. H, priv, (C), Dec. 30, '61; 42; disch. disa. Oct. 20, '62. Jewett, Wm. H. 2nd, priv, (C), Feb. 17, '62; 33; died July 1, '62 at Harrison's Landing, Va- Johnson, Bernard, priv, ( — ), Mar. 29, '64; 28; transf. to Navy, Apr. 23, '64. Johnson, Chas. A, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 18; died of w'nds Apr. 21, '63, Philadelphia. Johnson, George, priv, (C), May 26, '64; 21; M.O. June 30, '65. Johnson, Giles G. W, priv, (A), July 26, '61 ; 21 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; pris. from June 22, '64 to May 1, '65; M.O. June 30, '65 as 1st Sergt. Johnson, James, priv, (— ), Dec. 19, '61; 22; N.M. Johnson, Loring, priv, (A), Mar. 15, '64; ig; killed May 24, '64 at North Anna, Va. Johnson, Jos, Jr., corp, (C), July 26, '61 ; 32; disch. disa. June 10, '62. Johnson, Nath'l, priv, (C), July 31, '61 ; 43; transf. to V.R.C. Sept. 1, '63; disch. disa. from V.R.C. May 5, '64. ROSTER. ] 393 Johnson, Norman, priv, ( — ), Apr. 22,'64; 23; died Apr. 23/64 at Gallup's Island. Johnson, Peter, priv, (E), June 3, '64; 26; sub.; M.O. June 30, '65. Johnson, William, priv, (E), Aug. 3, '60; 24; sub. Allen Baxter, transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14/64. Johnson, William, priv, (D), June 6, '64; 34; sub. Chas. Stiles; abs.' sick since Aug. '64; N.F.R. Johnston, Ernest B, priv, (K), Aug. 29, '61 ; transf. to 3d N.Y. Cav. Co. B, Oct. 9, '61 ; re-en. Jan. 5, '65 as Vet. Vol. ; transf. July 25, '65 to Co. B, 4th N.Y. Prov. Cav. ; M.O. as Sergt. Nov. 29, '65. Johnston, Robert A, priv, (A), May 17, '64; 36; sub. Henry Knowles; died Aug. 16, '64, Andersonville, Ga. Johonnot, Darius, priv, (A), Aug. 20, '61 ; 36 ; re-en. Dec. 21 , '63 ; killed accidentally Mar. 23, '65 at Humphrie's Station, Va. Jones, Charles, priv, (— ), Mar. 26, '64; 18; N.F.R. Jones, Fayette, priv, (B), May 25, '64; 19; sub. Alvah Goodnow; abs. sick in Gen. Hos. since July 25, '64; N.F.R. Jones, George, priv, ( — ), Aug. 3, '63; 22; sub. Caleb B. Osgood; N.F.R. Jones, Geo. W, priv, (A), Apr. 21, '64; 38; abs. sick on M.O. of Co.; N.F.R. Jones, Sam'l. E, priv, (A), July 26, '61; 20; N.F.R. Jones, Thomas, priv, (K), Feb. 3, '65; 27; M.O. June 30, '65. Jones, Thos. S, sergt, (D), July 25, '61 ; 41 ; disch. disa. Dec. 26, '62. Jones, Wash. R, priv, (B), July 26, '61 ; 23 ; disch. disa. Dec. 0, '61 ; also see V.R.C. Jones, Wm. H, priv, (— ), Dec. 3, '62; 30; N.F.R. Jordan, Fred'k. J, priv, (E), Jan. 12, '65; 25; disch. May 6, '65. Jordan, John, priv, (— ), Dec. 5, '62; 26; N.F.R. Jordan, John F, priv, (B), Aug. 22, '61 ; 19; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; pris. June 22, '64 to Apr. 28, '65; M.O. June 30, '65. Jordan, Nathan B, priv, (H), Aug. 12, '61; 23; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; transf. to V.R.C. from Co. I, Sept. 17, '63. Joy, Edward, priv, (C), May 25, '64; 36; sub. W. T. Hanchitt; capt'd. Aug. 25, '64, Ream's Station; not heard from since. Joyce, John, priv, (— ), Dec. 2, '62; 26; N.F.R. Kain, Charles, priv, (B), Dec. 30, '61; 38; deserted May 6, '65. Kannett, Geo. A, priv, (C), Aug. 12, '62; 25; disch. disa. Mar. 21, '63. Keating, John, priv, (E), May 27, '64; 32; sub. S.W.Avery; abs. pris. war since June 22, '64. Keefe, Cornelius, priv, (— ), Aug. 9, '62; 27; N.F.R. Keefe, David, priv, (— ), Aug. 15, '61; 19; N.F.R. Keefe, Jos. P., priv, (— ), Aug. 5, '61; 18; N.F.R. Kehoe, Daniel, priv, (H), Jan. 30, '65; 21; disch. July 28, '65. Keiser, Julius, priv, (E), Aug. 1, '63; 28; sub.; N.F.R. Keough, Thos. J, priv, (G), Jan. 9, '65; 19; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. sick; disch. July 14/65. Kelliher, Richard, priv, (E), Feb. 9, '65; 22; M.O. June 30, '65. Kelly, James, priv, (F), Aug. 26, '61 ; 28; disch. disa. Dec. 23, '62. Kelly, James, priv, (D), Aug. 26, '61 ; 18; died Dec. 24, '61, near Muddy Branch, Md. Kelly, James, priv, (B), Mar. 4, '64; 24; Vet. 9th M.V.; see 9th regt.; M.O. June 30/65. Kelly, James, priv, (K), June 2, '64; 21; sub. Martin Webber, abs. pris. June 22, '64. Kelly, James priv, ( — ), Jan. 0, '65; 38; disch.'disa. Jan. 27, '65. Kelly, Jas. A, priv, (H), Jan. 18, '65; 42; M.O. June 30, '65. Kelly, Jeremiah, priv, (I), Aug. 10, '61; 18; disch. Mar. 26, '65; pris. June 22/64 to Feb. 26, '65. Kelley, John, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 35; died Dec. 13, '61, Muddy Branch, Md. Kelley, John E, priv, (F), July 25, '61 ; 33 ; disch. disa. Mar. 10, '63. Kelly, John F, priv, (B), Feb. 27, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65 as Mus. Kelly, John J, priv, (I), Aug. 23, '61; 18; disch. disa. Mar. 24, '63. Kelley, John P, priv, (E), July 25, '61 ; 32; disch. disa. Dec. 13, '61. Kelly, Luke, priv, (G), July 25/61; 18; w'n'd June 30/62; disch. disa. Aug. 7/62, Wash ington. 394 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Kelly, Michael, priv, (H), Aug. 26, '61 ; 18; abs. pris. in Co. D.; M.O. on Ind. M.O. roll as priv. to date June 30/65, as of Co. D, same regt. to which transf. Dec. 1,3 '61, with remarks "Dishonorably disc, with loss of all pay, bounty and allowances," by S.0. 66 dept. East. Kelly, Michael, priv, (D), Mar. 8, '64; 24; claimed by Gen. Kilpatrick as a deserter, dishon. disch. June 30, '65. Kelly, Michael, priv, (F.), Aug. 3, '63; 23; sub. Seth E. Stephens; deserted Oct. 5, '63 from U.S. Gen. Hosp, Washington, D.C. Kelly, Patrick, priv, (F), Aug. 8, '61 ; 23 ; disch. Oct. 22, '63 ; to enlist in U.S.A. ; disch. Aug. 8, '64 expir. of service in Batt. A, 4th U.S. Arty. Kelley, Patrick J, priv, (D), Aug. 6, '61 ; 23; disch. disa. Feb. 28, '63 at Convalescent camp. Kelly, Thomas, priv, (G), Aug. 22, '61 ; 21 ; w'n'd July 3, '63; M.O. Mar. 25, '65 as priv. Kelly, William, priv, (H), July 26, '61 ; 10 ; deserted Aug. 20, '61 at Lynnfield. Kelly, William, priv, (E), Mar. 31, '64; 23; M.O. June 30, '65. Kelly, Wm. B, priv, (— ), July 31, '63; 35; N.F.R. Kelty, Eugene, 1st lieut, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 25; disch. Oct. 28, '61; com. Capt. Co. K, 30th Mass. Inf. Nov. 6, '61 ; killed in action, Aug. 5, '62. Kendall, Joshua, mus, (D), Aug. 10, '61; 32; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Kendall, Joseph L, mus, (I), Aug. 26, '61; 35; disch. Dec. 10, '61; on orig. muster roll it is John L. Kendall. Kennedy, John, priv, (H), July 26, '61; 23; disch. disa, Dec. 15, '61. Kennedy, Patrick, priv, (E), Aug. 13, '61; 33; deserted Aug. 24, '61 at Lynnfield. Kennedy, Peter, priv, ( — ), Aug. 1, '63; 22; sub. Robert Larmott; N.F.R. Kennedy, William, priv, ( — ), July 28, '63; 22; sub. Frederick E. George; N.F.R. Kennett, George A, priv, (A), Aug. 12, '62; 25; disch. disa. Mar. 21, '62. Kennett, Stephen D, priv, (A), July 26, '61 ; 20 ; disch. disa. Nov. 22, '62. Kennett, Wm. A, corp, (A), July 26, '61; 25; disch. disa. as corp. Nov. 22/62, at Conva lescent camp Col. Belknap. Kenney, Enoch C, priv, (F), Aug. 10, '61; 33; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June;30, '65; abs. sick; disch. July 22, '65. Kenny, Michael, priv, (E), Aug. 4, '63; 41; sub."; N.F.R. Kenny, Thomas, mus, (F), Aug. 10, '61; 17; disch. disa. Dec. 31, '62. Kent, Abner, priv, (C), May 25, '64; 23; sub. Abner Trask; abs. pris. capt'd. June 22; '64, Jerusalem Plank road; never heard from. Kent, George, priv, (— ), May 25, '64; 28;M.O. June30/65. Kent, Jas. G, priv, (B), Dec. 26/61; 42; w'n'd Dec. 13/62; transf. to V.R.C. Feb. 15, '64; disch. disa. Dec. 27, '64, from Co. B, 24 V.R.C. Kent, Jas. A, corp, (B), Aug. 6, '61; 20; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; died of disease at Richmond, Va, Mar. 10, '64. Kent, Samuel, S, corp, (C), July 26, '61 ; 35; disch. Jan. 21, '64; credit Georgetown; enlisted in V.R.C. as Sewall S. Kent; served S.R. July 18, '64; disch. Nov. 16, '65. Khold, Francis, priv, (E), Feb. 10, '65; 28; M.O. June 30, '65 as Choda. Kimball, Daniel, priv, (C), July 26, '61 ; 29; died Apr. 26, '62 of disease.'Yorktown, Va. Kimball, Geo. M, priv, (B) July 26, '61 ; 23; N.F.R. Kimball, Mureus, corp, (A), July 26, '61; 19; re-en. Feb. 24, '64; disch. May 24, '65. Kimball, Moses G, priv, (A), Aug. 20, '61; 20; M.O. Aug. 27, '64. Kimball, Stillman, priv, (D), Feb. 14, '62; 32; disch. disa. Dec. 3, '62. King Rodney, priv, (— ), July 24, '63; 27; drafted; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Kinnear, Conrad D, sergt, (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 22; disch. disa. Jan. 13, '63; see Co. C, 3d Inf. 3 mo. for 1st enlistment and 12th unattached Co. 70 days for 3rd enlistment. Kinttell, Joseph, priv, (B), Jan. 17, '65; 24; M.O. June 30, '65. Kirke, Herman, priv, (— ), Aug. 4, '63; 23; sub. Henry Hall; N.F.R. Kissick, Jas. H,.priv, (I), July 26, '61; 19; transf. to V.R.C; re-en. in Co. H, 24th V.R.C, June 8, '64; disch. Nov. 27, '65. Kiss, August, priv, (— ), Feb. 1J, '65; 33; disch. May 6, '65; unassigned. Knapp Wm. D, asst. serg, (F.V.S.), Mar. 10, '63; 22; dismissed Dec. 2, '63. Kneeland, Emery P, priv, (E), May 13, '64; .27; drafted; M.O. June 30, '65.; pris. smce June 22, '64; not heard from sinoe; on M.O. roll as Henry P. ROSTER. 395 Kneeland, Geo. E, priv., (C), Sept. 10, '61; 28; disch. disa. Nov. 13, '62. Kneeland, Noah R, priv, (B), July 26, '61; 20; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Knight, Cyrus, wagoner, (I), July 26, '61; 30; deserted Nov. 10, '61. Knight, Elias D, Jr., priv, (C), Aug. 26, '61; 28; disch. disa. Dec. 25, '61; Knight, Geo. E, priv, (G), Jan. 14, '65; 18; disoh. June 8, '65 disa. Knight, Nelson E, priv, (D), Mar. 27, '62; 21; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62, Dec. 13, '62, May 10, '64. re-en. Jan. 4, '64; pris. June 22, '64; M.O. June 30, '65. Knights, Geo. E, priv, (K), Mar. 22, '65; 34; M.O. June 30, '65. Knox, Chas. V, priv, (H), Aug. 28, '61; 19; disch. disa. Feb. 28, '63 in Co. I. Koss, August, priv, ( — ), Feb. 12/65; 33; disch. May 6/65. recr't. Krantz, Earnest, priv, (I), June 1, '64; 25; sub. R. R. Houston; abs. pris. June 22, '64. Lackey,- John, priv, (E), May 25, '64; 10; sub. D. D. Dunnell; M.O. June 30/65. La Cont, Pierre, priv, (G), Jan. 30, '65; 30; abs. sick since Jan. 20/65, at Lincoln Hosp, Washington, D. C. La Cross, Joseph, priv, (G), Jan. 5, '65; 21; M.O. June 30, '65. La Due, Joseph, priv, (— ), May 30, '64; 21; sub. G. B. Miller; N.F.R. Lake, Jos. W, priv, (A), Aug. 20, '61; 22; deserted Sept. 3, '62. Lakeman, Horace, priv, (H), Oct. 25, '61; 21; disch. disa. May 24, '62. Lamar, Frank, priv, ( — ), May 13, '64; 10; sub. A. S. Ludden; N.F.R. Lamb, George, priv, (I), Aug. 21, '61 ; 18; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62, May 13, '64, M. O. Aug. 28, 64. Lambert, Wm. H, priv, (G), Aug. 10, '61; 10; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; disch. June 17, '65, as corp.; pris. June 22, to June 10, '65. Lane, John, priv, CG), Jan. 11,65; 37; M.O. June 30, '65. Lang, James, priv, (B), July 26, '61; 30; deserted at Lynnfield, Aug. 28, '61. Larkin, Chas. C, priv, (C), July 26, '61; 10; disch. disa, Dec. 12, '62; see V.R.C. as Chas. O. Larkin, Michael, priv, (F), Aug. 20, '61; 18; disch. disa, Jan. 31/63 in Co. I at Alexandria, Va. Larkin, John, priv, (D), May 17, '64; 21; sub. H.R. Ross; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Laroche, Rudolph, priv, (B), Dec. 27, '64; 20; deserted June 2, '65. Larrabee, Benj, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 43; disch. disa. Oct. 22, '62, at Boston, by Col. Day. Larrabee, Benj. F, priv, (H), Dec. 1/61; 27; disch. disa. May 3, '62. Larrabee, Gustavus, priv, (H), Dec. 1/61; 18; w'n'd June 30/62; disch. disa. Oct. 17, '62- Larrabee, Hersey, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 44; disch. disa. Feb. 28, '63. Larrabee, Jonathan, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 22; dishon. disch. Sept. 20, '63; sentence of G.CM. marked with letter D and loss of all pay and allowances. Lavershall, Peter, priv, ( — ), Mar. 24, '64; 28; transf. to 20 M.V. Lauriche, John, priv, (F), July 31, '63 ; 27 ; sub. ; transf . to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Laws, Wm. D, priv, (E), May 12, '64; 43; drafted; M.O. June 30, '65. Lawry, Joshua, recr't, ( — ), Nov. 20, '63; 36; Dec. 15, '63;rej't'd recr't. Leach, Alexander, priv, (D), July 25, '61 ; 26; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Dec. 31, '62. Leach, Edward, priv, (I), July 26, '61 ; 27; killed in action Sept. 17, '62, Antietam as sergt. Leach, Frank, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61 ;23 ; w'n'd June 25, '62, June 30, '62 ; dropped Oct. 13, ' 62. Leach, Fred, priv, (— ), Jan. 0, '65; 35; N.R. Leach, William, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61 ; 21 ; missing in action, June 30, '62 ; N.F.R. Leahey, John, priv, (E), Jan. 30, '65; 32; M.O. June 30, '65. Leahy, Thomas, priv, (G), Aug. 10, '61;18;w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; transf. to V.R.C July 1/63. disch. Aug. 20, '64. Leahy, Thomas, priv, (I), Jan. 30, '65; 23; M.O. June 30, '65. Leary, Timothy, priv, (E), July 25/61; 26; w'n'd Sept. 17/62; re-en. Dec. 21/63; M.O- June 30, '65, as wagoner. Lee, David, 1st Lieut, (E), July 25, '61; 22; killed in action, June 30, '62, Fair Oaks, Va. Lee, David A, priv, (H), Dec. 0, '61; 28; deserted May 20, '62; from Gen. Hosp. Lee, Henry, priv, (D), July 25, '61;26;re-en. Dec. 31, '63;M.O. July 25, '65 to date July 20, '65 on I.M. Lee, Howard, priv, (E), July 31, '63; 26; sub. Freeman A. Robbins ; deserted, Falmouth, Va while on reconnoisance. 396 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Lee, John, priv, (F), Nov. 2g, '62; 34; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65, as Com. Sergt. Lee, John, priv, (I), Mar. 22, '64; 25; abs. pris. June 22, '64. Lee, John E, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 23; disch. disa. May 21, '62. Lee, Sargent S. P, priv, (C), June 16, '64; 22; M.O. June 30, '65; sub. S. C. Whitcher. Lee, Shubael D, priv, (E), Mar. 3, '64; 30; deserted Mar. 26, '64, on expir. of leave. Legardere, Henry, priv, ( — ), Dec. 26, '64; 22; N.F.R. Leighton, Isaiah, priv, band, Sept. 3, '61; 27; disch. Dec. 31, '61. Leithead, Geo. H, priv, (G), Aug. 23, '61;10;w'n'd Sept 17, '62; disch. disa. Apr. 1st, '63. Lentz, Frederick, priv„'„(G), Jan. 0, '63; 35; deserted Mar. 28, '65 at Hatchers Run. Learnard, Walter A,rpriv, (F), Mar. 17, '64; 22; M.O. June 30, '65; drafted. Leonard, Geo. H,'priv, (B), Jan. 23; 14; N.F.R. ' Leonard, John J, priv, (B), Apr. 4, '62; 32; w'n'd June 25, '62; disch. disa. Mar. 20, '64 Leonard, Michael, priv, (G), Aug. 10, '61; 21; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; transf. to V.R.C Sept 12, '63. Leppiere, Jean, priv, (G), Jan. 5, '65; 20; M.O. June 30, '65. Lentz, Frederick, priv, (G), Jan. 0, '65; 35; deserted Mar. 25, '65. Leslie, James, priv, (I), Aug. 3, '63; 28; sub. John L. Clapp; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Leverance, Charles, priv, (F), Aug. 4, '63; 30; sub. Jos. A. Stubbs; deserted Aug. 20, '63, Morrisville. • Lewin, Chas. H, priv, (F), Mar. 30, '64; 21; abs. pris. died Aug. 28, '64 Andersonville, Ga. Le Villian, Ferdinand, priv, (G), Jan. 30, '65; 20; M.O. June 30, '65. Lewis, Albert H, priv, (D) Augil5,'/61; 28; disch. Mar. 12, '64 at Washington, D.C. Lewis, Henry, priv, ( — ), Mar. 22, '64; 24; N.F.R. Lewis, Daniel, priv, (H), Dec. 7, '61; 44; Ind. M.G.O. roll report him M.O. as of 10th regt. May 20, '65 to date Dec. 0, '64 at Boston, Mass. Libby, Joseph, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 26; w'n'd July 3, '63; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. as 1st Lieut. June 30, '65; detached & served on Division Staff. Lillie, Albert S, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 20; w'n'd June 30/62; disch. for w'nds Aug. 30/62, Linehan, Cornelius, priv,, (F) Aug. 24, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; pris. May 6, '64 to Apr. 6/65; M.O.June 30/65. Little, Moses C, priv, (D), Aug. 12, '62; 38; killed inaction, Dec. 11/62, Fredericksburg, Va. Littlefield, Moses, R, wagoner, (C), July 26, '61 ; 38 ; re-en. Dec. 31, '63 ; M.O. June 30, '65. Littlefield, William, priv, (C), July 26, '61 ; 42; died Sept. 15, '62 at Newport News, Va. Locke, J. R, priv, (— ), Aug. 24/61; 22; N.F.R. Lockridge, Albert, priv, (F), Aug. 1, '63; 21; sub. Briggs Taylor; deserted Aug. 20, '63. Logan, Jere, priv, (B), Mar. 10, '62; 20; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Dec. 20, '62. Loftus, John P., priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 22; N.F.R. Long, Henry A, priv, (C), July 26, '61; 18; deserted Aug. 20, '61. Longwood, John, priv, (— ), Dec. 2/62,; 22^ N.F.R. Lopez, Frank, priv,(F), Aug. 3, '63; 22; sub. Joshua S. Hallet; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64 Lord, Jas. H, mus, (A), July 26, '61 ; 28 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Lothrop, Willard, priv, (B), Aug. 28, '62; 44; disch. disa. Dec. 23, '62. Loveland, Nath'l. Jr., priv, ( — ), Feb. 10, '62 ; 22 ; died June 27, '62,Yorktown,Va, in Co. D. Lowell, John Q, priv, (H), Aug. 26/61; 25; disch. disa. Oct. 8, '61. Lowell, Geo. W, priv, (— ), Aug. 15, '61; 48; N.F.R. Lowey, Joshua, priv, ( — ), Nov. 20, '63; 30; disch. disa. Dec. 15, '63. Lucas, John G, priv,( — ),Aug. 10, '61; 20; see 24 Mass. Vols, did not serve in 10th but in24th Lucia, Paul, priv, (E), Feb. 10, '65; 20; abs. sick; disch. July 22, '65. Lucius, Jeremiah, priv, (F), July 31, '63; 35; sub. Ephraim Stearns; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan 14, '62 & deserted July 24, '64 from Co. H. Lucy, Geo. W, priv, (G), Oct. 1, '61 ; 18; killed in action June 30, '62, White Oak Swamp, Va Ludlow, James, priv, (A), Mar. 28, '64; died Aug. 27, '64, Andersonville, Ga. Lummus, Benjamin, priv, (H), Dec. 3, '61 ; 32; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; pris. June 22, '64 to May 17, '65; M.O. June 30, '65. Lurvey, Jas. T, 2nd Lieut, (B), Aug. 6, '61; 34; resigned Dec. 2/61; "Roster." Luther, Joseph, corp, (I), July 29, '61; 20; deserted Oct. 25, '61. ROSTER. 397 Lunt, Benj. F, priv, (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 33; disch. disa. Dec. 13, '61 as Corp. Lutz, George, priv, (H), Jan. 16, '65; 23; deserted Apr. 9, '65. Lyford, John, priv, (— ), June 17, '64; 21 ; sub. T. B. Loomis; N.F.R. Lyons, Martin, priv, (F), Aug. 8, '61; 18; killed in action, Sept. 17, '62, Antietam, Md. Lyons, Michael, priv, (F), Aug. 8, '61; 21; disch. disa. Jan. 11, '64. Lynoh, Charles, priv, (F), July 30, '63; 22; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Lynch, Daniel, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 19; N.F.R. Lynch, James, priv, (F), July 29, '63; 21: sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Lynch, John, priv, (E), Jan. 10/65; 37; M.O. June 3V65. Lynch, John J, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 19; deserted Sept. '61. Lynoh, William, priv, (D), July 25, '61; 30; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 as abs. sick. Mace, Geo.W, priv, (C), July 26, '61 ; 2g ; killed in action, July 30/62, White Oak Swamp.Va Mack, John, priv, (F), July 31, '63; 22; sub. Freeman Atkins ; transf . to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64 Mack, John, priv, (G), Jan. 11, '65; 30; disch. June 27, '65. Mack, Thomas, priv, (A), Aug. 1, '63; 21; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Mackin, Francis, priv, (G), May 20, '64; 35; sub.; pris. June 22/64; released at Vicksburg, Apr. 22, '65; disch. July 17, '65. MacReady, Stephen, priv, (H), Dec. 7/61; 10; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Dec. 8, '62. Maddison, Jas. D, priv, (G), Aug. 19, '61 ; 37; disch. disa. May 28, '62 at Washington, D.C. Madison, Jas. B, priv, (E), disch. disa. May 28, '62; N.F.R. Mahan, Patrick, priv, (D), Aug. 7, '61; 33; disch. Aug. 7, '64 expir. term. Maher, Thomas, priv, (F), May 14, '64; 21;sub. G. F.Crosby; M.O. June 30, '65. corp. Mahoney, Andrew, capt, (E), July 25, '61; 35; w'n'd. Dec. 13, '62; transf. to V.R.C Aug. 12, '63; capt. V.R.C. Aug. 12, '63. Mahnitz, Adolph, priv, (A), Apr. 7/62; 21; re-en. Dec. 21/63; M.O. June 30/65 in Co. B as abs. w'n'd. Mahoney, Daniel, priv, (G), June 3, '64; 27;sub. Enos Harmon, abs. pris. Oct. 25, '64. Maida, John, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 27; died Sept. 29, '62, Washington, D.C. Maley, John, priv, (H), July 31, '63; 20; sub. N. D. Fox; M.O. June 30, '65; has been pris. Mallard, Asa M, priv, (G), Aug. 19, '61; 34; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Mallon, John E, priv, (G), June 7, '64; 19; transf. to V.R.C. Sept. 15, '64, 2nd Batt. V.R.C. (disch. paper). Maloney, Edward, priv, (H), Oct. 27, '61; 18; transf. to Co. E, Sept. or Oct. '62; disch. July 10, '65 as of Co. E. Maloney, John, priv, (I), Aug. 13, '61; 22; deserted Mar. 10, '62. Maloney, John, priv, (I), Aug. 26, '61; 21; N.F.R. Maloney, William, priv, (C), Jan. 16, '65; 23; M.O. June 30, '65. Mann, John, priv, (G), Aug. 28, '61 ; 21 ; never joined for service. Manning, Edward P, priv, (B), Aug. 28, '61; 27; deserted Nov. 1, '61. Manning, Elbridge G, corp, (F), July 25, '61; 18; prom, to Ulman's Brig. Feb. 28, '63. Manning, John, priv, (G), Aug. 10, '61 ; 21 ; w'n'd June 30, '62, July 3, '63; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Manning, Peter, priv, (E), Aug. 27, '61 ; 40 ; w 'n 'd June 30, '62 ; disch. Jan. '63. Manning, Thos. P, priv, (I), Aug. 13/61 ; 21 ; killed in action, Nov, 27 '63, Robinson 's Cross Roads. Mansfield, Charles, priv, (A), Aug. 26, '61; 20; dropped Oct. 13, '62. Mansfield, George, priv, (A), Aug. 28, '61; 20; dropped Oct. 13, '62. Mansfield, Geo. A, priv, (H), Mar. 19, '64; 21 ; M.O. June 30, '65. Mansfield, Joseph, priv, (F), July 25, '61 ; 35; M.O. July 29, '64; see E, 1 Batt. H.A. Mansur, Elijah H, priv, (H), July 25, '61; 22; re-en. Dec. 21/63; disch. June 20/65; pris. June 22, '64, to Mar. 1, '65. Marden, Eldridge, priv, (I), Aug. 26, '61; 19; never joined for duty. Marie, Charles, priv, (F), Nov. 17, '64; 26; transf. to Co. G; M.O. June 30, '65. Marsh, Martin, priv, (E), Feb. 23, '65; 42; died July 23, '65, Fort Monroe, Va. Marshall, John, sergt, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 23; deserted a priv. June 30, '62. Marshall, Joseph, corp, (G), Aug. 23, '61; 21; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Jan. 1, '63. Marshall, Robt, priv, (G), Aug. 19, '61 ; 20 ; w'n'd Sept. 17/62 ; transf. to V.R.C. Dec. 14/63. 398 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Marshall, William, priv, (F), Aug. 1, '63; 21; sub. Reuben F. Hardy; deserted Aug. 20, '63 at Morrisville. Marsterson, Mike, priv, (— ), July 31/61; 20; not M.O. in 19th; see Co. H, 3rd Cav served in H, 3rd Cav. Marstin, Chas. E, priv, (F), Aug. 19, '61;25; w'n'd July 5, '63 ; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Marston, Clinton A, priv, (H), Apr. 19, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. sick; disch. July 3, '65. Mason, Jos. M, priv, (G), Aug. 10, '61 ; 31 ; w'n'd June 30, '62; arm amputated June30, '62; disch. disa. Aug. 20, '62. Mason, William, priv, (H), June 6, '64; 35; sub. W. H. Boyle; deserted Aug. 17, '64 to the enemy at Deep Bottom. Masury, Lawrence M, mus, (B), Aug. 26, '61 ; 18; disch. June 12, '62 by order at Fair Oaks; see D. 3 Cav. and E 1 Batt. Art. Martin, Frederick, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 18; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Apr. 0, '63. Martin, George, priv, (— ), May 28, '64; 23; N.F.R. Martin, John, priv, (I), Aug. 26, '61; 40; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 as abs. sick. Martin, Henry K, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 25; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Apr.24/63 at Fredericksburg, Md. Martin, Lawrence, priv, (G), Aug. '61; 18; N.M.; never joined; not on pay roll. Martin, Matthew J. C, priv, (I), Aug. 26, '61; 19; disch. disa. Dec. 15, '61. Martion, Francois, priv, (E), Feb. 18, '65; 25; M.O. June 30, '65. Massard, August, priv, (E), Feb. 8, '65; 29; M.O. June 30, '65. Mathison, Henry, priv, (H), Aug. 4, '63 ; 33 ; sub. B. M. Sampson ; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Matt, Frank, priv, (K), Sept. 17, '62 ; 40 ; re-en. Dec. 29, '63 ; M.O. June 30, '65 ; transf. from 1st Co. S.S. Matthews, Chas, 1st, priv, (F), July 31, '63 ; 35 ; sub. ; deserted Sept. 14, '63 at Morrisville Va. Matthews, Chas, 2nd, priv.-, (F), Aug. 3/63 ; 21 ; sub. ; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Matthews,|WiIliam, priv, (G), July 29, '63; 25; sub.; deserted Dec. 13, '63 at Rappahannock. Mathewson, Jas. S, priv, (G), July 25, '61 ; 29 ; died June 11, '63 in camp Alexandria, Va. Mattenhue, Adolphus, priv, (A), May 19, '64; 28; abs. sick on M.O. of Co. Maxfield, Daniel, priv, (G), Mar. 28, '64; 28; died June 23, '64, Baltimore, Md. Mayer, Chas. W, priv, (F), July 31, '63; 42; sub. ; deserted Aug. 20, '63 at Morrisville. Maynard, Walter B, priv, (I), Aug. 26, '61; 19; disch. disa. Feb. ig, '63; see Co. F, 59th. McAUen, Robert, priv, (E), May 13, '64; 22; sub. S. A. Perkins; abs. pris. since June 22/64. McAlmans, Henri, priv, (B), Dec. 27, '64; M.O. June 30, '65. McAlpine, Francis, priv, (G), Apr. 15, '64; 21; killed June 3, '64. McAnally, John, priv, (E), Dec. 24, '64; 23; M.O. June 30, '65. McAnarey, James, priv, ( — ), Aug. 7, '61 ; 25 ; N.F.R. McCabe, Joseph, priv, (— ), Dec. 20, '64; 10; N.F.R. McCaffery, Joseph, priv, (I), Jan. 30, '65; 28; M.O. June 30, '65. McCammon, John, mus, (A), July 26, '61 ; 30 ; re-en. Jan. 4, '64 ; M.O. June 30, '65. McCann, John, priv, (F), Aug. 0, '61; 36; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. May 4, '63. McCarley, Peter, priv, (G), Jan. 7/65; 10; M.O. June 30/65. McCarron, Robert, priv, (B), Dec. 28, '64; 30; M.O. June 30, '65. McCarthy, Chas. priv, (D), Aug. 1, '61; 27; transf. to V.R.C. Nov. 13/63; disch. from Co. C 6th regt. V.R.C, Aug. 31, '64. McCarthy, Jeremiah, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 30; died July 30, '62, Point Lookout, Md. McCarty, Dennis, priv, (H), Mar. 28, '64; 38; deserted May 3, '64. McCarthy, John, priv, (— ), Aug. 15, '61 ; 10 ; N.F.R. $ McCarty, James, priv, (G), Aug. 23, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21/63; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. McCarty, Cornelius, priv, ( — ), Mar. 26, '64; 30; disch. disa. Apr. 15, '64. McCarty, Florence, priv, (H), Aug. 3, '63; 30; sub.; transf. to M.V. Jan. 14, '64. McCarty, John, priv, (G), Aug. 23, '61; 26; w'n'd. Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Jan. 1, '63. McCaul, John, priv, (H), Aug. 1, '63; 23; sub. A. H. Lawrence; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14/64. McCollum, James, priv, (K), Sept. '61 ; 10 ; w'n'd Deo. 13, '62; transf. to V.R.C. Jan. 22, '64 and disoh. from D,. 6th V.R.C Sept.,14/64. ROSTER. 399 McCnllon, John, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 18; N.F.R. McCormick, John, priv, (A), Jan. 21, '65; 21; M.O. June 30, '65. McCracken, William, priv, (H), Aug. 12, '61; 18; disch. disa. Feb. 5, '63; in Co. I. McCracken, William, priv, (G), Aug. 19, '61; 18; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. Aug. 29, '64; transf. to V.R.C. Dec. 14, '63 ; M.O. as priv. Aug. 29, '64 as of 48 Co. 2nd Batt. V. R. C. to which transf. Oct. '63. McCrillis, Lewis, priv, (G), transf. to Co. I 20 M.V. McCue, John, priv, (G), Aug. 4, '63; 22; sub. N.Barrett ; deserted Aug. 24, '63 at Morrisville. McCue, Michael, priv, (I), Aug. ig, '61; 34; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Feb. 24, '63. McCullock, Charles, priv, (H), Jan. 18, '65; 21; M.O. June 30, '65. McCuIIuji , Thos. J, priv, (I ), May 31, '64 ; 20 ; sub. M. R. Culver ; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. McDavitt, Charles, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61 ; 22; taken in Boston Aug. 28, by Habeas Corpus. lost arm, Dec. 13, '62, Fredericksburg, Va. ; disch. disa. May 28, '63. McDermid, Jos. F, priv, (G), Aug. 26, '61 ; 2g ; disch. disa. Dec. 14, '61. McDermott, John, priv, (D), May 28, '64; 35; sub.; M.O. June 30, '65. McDermott, Joseph, priv, Dec. 31, '63; 18; rejected, Jan. 4, '64. McDermott, Michael, priv, (H), July 28, '63; 22; sub.; deserted Nov. 18, '63; from Hosp. at Alexandria. McDonald, Angus, priv, (B), Jan. 7, '64; 30; deserted Mar. 1, '65. McDonald, Charles, priv, (C), Mar. 21, '64; 21 ; w'n'd May 12, '64; abs. w'n'd since May '64 McDonald, John, 1st, priv, (F), July 30/63; 52; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14/64. McDonald, John, 2nd, priv, (H), Aug. 1, '63 ; 20 ; sub. ; transf. to Provost Marshall 3 Div. 2nd Army corps as deserter. McDonnell, Benj. M, priv, (A), Mar. 29, '64; 31; w'n'd May 12, '64; since died. McDowell, Samuel, priv, (F), June 10, '64; 28; sub. Thos. Dana; M.O. June 30, '65. McDowell, Thos, priv, (B), Aug. 30, '62; 42; disch. Dec. 13, '62. McDuncon, John, priv, (F), Aug. 1, '63 ; 21 ; sub. ; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. McDougal, Wm, Jr., priv, ( D), Aug. 23/64; 21 ; N.F.R. McFeely, Wm, priv, (E), Aug. 27, '61 ; 43 ; disch. disa. Mar. 6, '63. ' McFarland, Andrew, wagoner, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 23; has been deserter; M.O. June 30, '65 with Co. as Corp. McGee, Michael, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 27; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Dec. 24, '62. McGee, Sanford, priv, (— ), Jan. 4, '65; 33; N.F.R. McGeough, Patrick, priv, (D), Feb. 24, '64; 24; disch. disa. Apr. 26, '64. McGiloray, Donald, priv, (H), Jan. 18, '65; 24; M.O. June 30, '65. MeGinnis, Wm, priv, (B), Jan. 6/65; 21; M.O. June 30/65. MeGinnis, Wm. A, priv, (K), Sept. 6, '61; 22; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62 and July 3, '63; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; disch. May 15, '65, O.W.D. as 1st. Lieut. McGivern, Patrick, priv, (E), July 25, '61 ; 10 ; died Nov. 20, '64, Annapolis, Md. ; Surg. Gen Mass.; M.O. as Corp. McGuckin, James, priv, ( — ), Aug. 4, '63; 21; sub. Henry T. Boles; N.F.R. McGuire, Edward, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 34; killed in action June 30/62; White Oak Swamp, Va. Mclntire, Chas, priv, (H), Dec. 7, '61; 18; disch. disa. Feb. 4, '62; disa. Hernia; see Co. C, 17th regt. ; see also Chas. H. Spaulding, navy folio, 611-551. Mclntire, George F, priv, (F), Aug. — ,'61; 10; N.M. ; never joined for service; not on pay roll; N.F.R. Mcintosh, James, sergt, (A), July 26, '61 ; 30; disch. disa. Feb. 4, '63 as priv. McKane, John, priv, (C), May 23, '64 ; 21 ; abs. pris. capt'd June 22, '64, Jerusalem Plank Road ; not heard from since. McKee, Robert, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 28; deserted Aug. 24, '61. McKay, James, priv, (I), Aug. 28, '61; 24; disch. disa. Dec. 15, '61. McKenna, Edward, priv, (H), June 13, '64; 21; sub. G.W. Stearns; captured Reams Station Aug. 25, '64 ; reported at Aug. 0, '64; furloughed Oct. 31/64; deserted Nov. 14/64. McKenna, Francis, priv, (H), Oct. 27, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; w'n'd June 25, '62, May 6, '64; deserted July ig, '64, Cuyler Gen. Hospital, Germantown, Pa. 400 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. McKenna, John, priv, (D), May 25, '64; 39; sub. W. B. Herrick; abs. pris. since June 22, '64 McKenna, Wm. A, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 22; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62, June 30, '62- disch disa. Dec. 13, '62. . McKenzie, John, sergt, (H), Aug. 24, '61 ; 33; w'n'd June 30, 62, Co. I ; deserted Aug. 18 '62 McKeon, William, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 19; disch. disa. Nov. 11, '63. McKinney, George, priv, (F), Aug. 1, '61; 18; M.O. in Co. I. McKinstrey, Levi C, priv, (A), Aug. 10, '61; 26; disch. to date Aug. 3, '62. McLane, John, priv, (I), June 10, '64; 28; sub. W. A. Smith; M.O. June 30, '65. McLaughlin, James, priv, (G), Aug. 24, '64; 29; w'n'd in action June 30, '62; N.F R McLaughlin, Thomas, priv, (A), Feb. 14, '65; 28; M.O. June 30, '65; prior service (as Thos Logan in Co. B, 56th Regt.). McMahon, James, priv, (F), May 13, '64; 31; drafted; died Dec. 1, '64 at Florence, S.C. McMahon, John, priv, (F), Aug. 24, '61; 33; killed June 25, '62, Fair Oaks, Va. McMann, John, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 33; deserted Sept. 1, '61. McManus, John, priv, (G), July 25, '61; 19; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; disch. June 12, '65; pris. June 22, '64 to Feb. 26, '65. McMann, John F, priv, (H), Aug. 23, '61 ; 18; transf. to Pro. Mar. 3rd Div. 2nd Corps, Sept. 8, '63 , as deserter McManus. McManus, John, 1st, priv, (F), Aug. 3, '63; 20; sub. ; deserted Oct. 17, '63. McManus, John, 2nd, priv, (H), Aug. 3, '63 ; 21 ; drafted Oct. 17, '63 at Brandy Sta. as of Co. F. McMenanan, Dennis, priv, ( — ), Aug. 20, '61; 40; N.F.R. McMillan, Thomas, priv, (— ), Mar. 26, '64; 18; N.F.R. McMillary, Thomas, priv, (H), May 28, '64; 18; abs. sick since July '64. McMinamon, Dennis, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 40; disch. Dec. 11, '61, disa. McMorrow, James, priv, (G), July 29, '61; 45; deserted Apr. 12, '62; returned; disch. Aug 13, 62 disa. McMorrow, John, priv, (G), Aug. 21, '61; 22; killed in action, June 23, '62, Fair Oaks, Va. McMorrow, Stephen, mus, (G), July 25, '61; 18; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. McNalley, James, priv, (F), Aug. 8, '61; 25; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; disch. disa, Feb. 7, '63. McNamara, Michael A, 1st sergt, (E), July 25, '61; 19 ; letter A.G.O. war dept, dated Nov. 6, '62 from Thos. Vincent, asst. adjt. Gen. U.S.A., to the Gov. of Mass. that 2nd Lieut. Michael McNamara 19th regt. resigned to take effect Oct. 25, '62; enlisted again Co. C 28th, Jan. 25, '64 ; killed in action at Po River, Va, May 10, '64. McNeal, Daniel F, priv, (I), Aug. 13, '61; 39; w'n'd July 3, '63; re-en. Dec. 1, '63; M.O. June 30, '65 in Co. G. McNulty, John, priv, (— •), Dec. 27, '63; 44; rejected Jan. 6, '64. McNulty, Peter, 1st lieut, (G), July 26/61; 20; M.O. June 30/65. McParland, Hugh, priv, (F), Aug. 25, '61; 25; w'n'd July 3, '63; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; disch. May 3, '65. McTague, Dominick, priv, (H), July 30, '63; 18; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Meagher, Richard, priv, (C), May 13/64; 44; drafted; disch. July 13, '65; pris. captured J. P. Road, June 26, '64; paroled, Apr. 28, '65. Melden, Wm. R, priv, (G), Aug. 10, '61 ; 20 ; lost left arm June 25, '62 ; disch. disa. Aug. 2062 Mengin, August, priv, (H), Nov. 26, '64; 20; deserted June 11, '65, near Munson's Hill, Va. Menzel, Gustave, priv, ( — ), Apr. 7, '65; 25; disch. May 6, '65 ; unassigned. Merrill, Chas. L, corp, (C), July 26, '61; 22; transf. to V.R.C. Aug. 30, '63; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; M.O. as 2nd Lieut. June 30, '65, Co. B, 13 regt. V.R.C. Merrill, Chas. W, priv, (A), Aug. 0, '62; 24; died of w'n'ds May 13, '63, Washington, D. C Merrill, DeWitt, C priv, (D), Feb. 14, '62; 20; disch. disa. Oct. 26, '62; see Co. A, 4th Cav.; transf. to Navy. Merritt, Chas. M, 1st segt. (A), Aug. 3, '61; 28; hon. disch. June 19, '64 to accept appoint ment as asst. Q. M, U.S. Vols, with rank of capt. Merritt, Conwell, priv, (B), July 26, '61 ; 20 ; killed in action Dec. 13, '62, Fredericksburg Va. Merrow, Mark M, priv, (H), Dec. 9, '61; 40; dishc. disa. May 28, '62. Michell, John, priv, (I), June 2, '64; 21; sub. J. K. Pettingill, abs. pris. June 22, '64. Mihan, Patrick, priv, (H), Aug. 20/61; 18; pris. June 22/64 to May 17, '65; disch. June 5, '65. Millen, David, priv, (I), Jan. 26, '65; 22; M.O. June 30, '65. ROSTER. 401 Miller, Henry, priv, (— ), Aug. 4, '63; 20; sub. Davis J. Abel; N.F.R. Miller, Isaac W, priv, (D), July 25, '61; 28; deserted as Isaac N, July 21, '62 ; correct name Isaac N. Miller. Miller, Charles, priv, ( — ), Mar. 26, '64; 26; N.F.R. Miller, Jacob, priv, (E), Dec. 4, '62; 21; N.F.R.; war dept. report says "deserted Jan. 14, '63 in Co. E." Miller, John, priv, (H), Aug. 1, '63; 23; sub. Martin K. Pasco; deserted Aug. 16, '63 at Morrisville. Va. Miles, William, priv, (A), Nov. 3, '64; 29; disoh. June 24, '65. Milliken, Charles, priv, (B), May 19, '64; 35 ; sub. ;abs. pris. June 22, '64; not heard from since. Milliken, Robert, priv, (I), Aug. 15, '61; 42; disch. disa. Dec. 13, '62; see V.R.C. Minton, Patrick, priv, (F), Aug. 28, '61; 28; disch. disa. Dec. 16, '62 at Falmouth.-Va. Millett, Charles, priv, (— ), Mar. 25, '64; 31; N.F.R. Minch, Peter H, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 19; deserted Mar. 10, '61. Mitchell, Geo. E, priv. ,(G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 10 ; disch. disa. Oct. 18, ,'62 at Boston, by Col. Day. Mitchell, John, priv, (D), May 13, '64; 25; sub.; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Mitchell, Thos. A. S, corp, (B), July 26, '61; 23; w'n'd June 30, '62, Dec. 13, '62; disch. Aug. 28, '64 as priv. Mitchell, William, (— ), priv, Dec. 2, '62; 23; N.F.R. Mohr, Chas. A, priv, (H), July 31, '63; 23; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Monant, Antoine, priv, (F), June 6, '64; 21 ; sub. A. O. Corbin ; M.O. June 30, '65. Monehan, Patrick, priv, (F), Aug. 8, '61 ; 23 ; killed in action June 30, '62 at Glendale in Co. I . Montobang, Reynolds, priv, (E), Dec. 17, '64; 35; M.O. June 30, '65. Moody, Geo. H, priv, (G), Aug. 23, '61; 10; disch. disa. Oct. 15, '62. Mooney, James, priv, ( — ), Sept. 1, '62; 18; N.F.R. Mooney, John, priv, (B), Dec. 12, '61; 10; M.O. Dec. 30, '64. Mooney, Thomas, priv, (B), July. 26, ','61; 33; disch. disa. Dec. 0, '61. Moore, Chas. H, corp, (F), Aug. 12, '61; 20; dropped from roll Oct. 13, '62 as Sergt. at Bolivar, Va. Moore, Edward, priv, (C), May 25, '64; 25; sub. John Bronson;M.O. June 30, '65 ; abs. pris. capt'd June 22, '64, J. P. Road; not heard from since. Moore, Henry, priv, (C), Jan. 17, '65; 22; M.O. June 30, '65. Moore, James B, sergt, (I), Aug. 26, '61; 20; 1st Lieut. Ulman's Brig, Mar. 27, '63. Moore, Thomas, priv, ( — ), Dec. 24, '62; 24; N.F.R. Moran, Daniel, priv, ( — ), Aug. 1, '63; 22; sub. David M. Cushing. Moran, Geo. W, priv, (D), July 25, '61; 24; disch. disa. Dec. 21, '62. Moran, John, priv, (F), Aug. 27, '61 ; 21 ; disch. Oct. 25, '62 to enlist in U.S.A. 4th Batt. Morgan, Benj. E, priv, (A), July 26, '61; 18; disch. disa. June 9, '62. Morgan, Francis, priv, (D), Aug. 13, '64; 22; M.O. June 30, ' 65. Morgan, George, priv, (D), May 26, '64; 22; sub. C. A. Hemminway ; abs. pris. June 22, '62, to Mar. 15, '65; disch. July 18, '65. Morgan, Geo. P. priv, ( — ), Jan. 25, '64; 18; rejected Jan. 26, '64. Morgan, Patrick, priv, (C), June 5, '65; 26; deserted Mar. 28, '65 from Picket Post near Hecker's Run, Va. Morin, Alexander, priv, (F), Aug. 5, .'61; 21; killed in action, June 30, '62, Glendale, Va. Morrill, Edward W, priv, (C), Aug. 20, '61; 33; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Mar. 20, '63, at Boston, by Col. Day. Morrill, Estwick E, priv, (— ), Aug. 7, '61; 27; see Co. D, 17th Mass.; N.R. Mornll, Henry S, corp, (F), July 25, '61; 18; dropped Oct. 13, '62; supposed dead. Morrison, John F, priv, (A), Feb. 23, '65; 38; deserted June 11/65. Morrison, Jos. W, priv, (B), Aug. 9, '62; 37; died of w'nds Dec. 17, '62, Falmouth, Va. Morrison, Nahum, priv, (F), July 25, '61; 39; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; disch. disa. Mar. 14, '64. Morrisey, Edward, priv, (B), Aug. 28, '61; N.F.R. Morse, Colonias, priv, (C), July 31, '61; 25; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Morse, Chas. F, priv, (H), Nov. 26, '61; 31; disoh. disa. Nov. 19, '62 and died before leavmg hosp. Nov. 27, '62; 5th St. Hosp, Philadelphia, Pa. Morse, Daron W, priv, (H), Nov. 26, '61 ; 26 ; w 'n 'd June 30, '62 ; disch. disa. Nov. 29, '62 ¦ 402 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Morse, Geo. E, priv, (G), Aug. 23, '61; 20; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; died Aug. 21, '64 in rebel prison (sergt. Gen. report.) Morse, Jas. E, priv, (C), July 26, '61; 22;re-en. Dec. 21/63; M.O. June 30, '65. Morse, Thos. A, priv, (H), Nov. 26, '61; 20; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Mortimer, Charles, priv, (H), Aug. 4, '63; 22; sub. I. H. Dunham; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Mortimer, Lewis, priv, (D), May 27, '64; 23; sub.; disch. Sept. 23, '64, Andersonville, Ga. Morton, Philip, priv, (F), Aug. 4, '63 ; 21 ; sub. Oliver Kelley ; transf. to 20 M.V. June 20, '64. Moses, John, priv, (D), Feb. 14, '62; 34; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Mott, Frank, priv, (K), Sept. 11, '62; 40; M.O. June 30, '65; transf. from 1st S.S. Mudge, Tyler, priv, (H), Nov. 26, '61; 34; died Sept. 9, '62 of diseaBe, Newport, Va. Mudgett, Isaac N, priv, (F), Sept. 2, '61; 23; transf. from 1st Co. S.S.; pris. Aug. 28, '64; resigned May 17, '65 ; first time present for duty on 19th regt. on report for Apr. '65. Mullaly, Edward, priv, (F), Aug. 1, '63; 20; sub. Aaron Swift; transf. to V.R.C, Sept. 3, '63; disch. from Co. C, 18 V.R.C. July 26, '65. Mulligan, George, priv, ( — ), July 24, '63; 21; sub.; N.F.R. Mulligan, Michael, priv, (I), Aug. 1, '63; 25; sub. A. M. Stephens; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Mumford, Dudley C, 2nd lieut, (G), July 25, '65; 19; killed in action May 31, '64. Munroe, Lewis, priv, (I), Aug. 21, '61; 23; disch. disa. Dec. 15, '61; see H, 33 regt. Munroe, Napoleon B, priv, (— ), Aug. 28, '61; 25; N.F.R. Mure, Armidie, priv, (C), Nov. 15, '64; 29; disch. June 11, '65. Murphy, Andrew, priv, (K), Sept. '61 ; 21 ; dropped from rolls Oct. 13, '62. Murphy, Edward, priv, (— ), Dec. 4, '62; 22; N.F.R. Murphy, Daniel, priv, (D); N.F.R. Murphy, Daniel, priv, (B), July 26, '61 ; 18; re-signed June 1, '65, as 2nd Lieut. ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63. Murphy, Edward,-priv, (A), Aug. 10, '61; 32; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Dec. 18/62. Murphy, Edward J, priv, (K), Sept. '61; 19; disch. disa. Oct. 28, '61. Murphy, John S, priv, (K), Aug. 28, '61; 19; disch. Aug. 28, '64. Murphy, Humphrey, priv, (F), July 25, '61;25;w'n'dDec. 13, '62 ; disch. disa. Nov. 12, '63, Murphy, Jos. S, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '63; 19 ; M.O. as "Invalid nurse" Aug. 28, '64 at Wash, D.C. Murphy, Joseph, priv, (— ), July 31/63; 21; sub. Frank E. Cram; N.F.R. Murphy, Luke, priv, (C), Aug. 12, '61; 18; killed in action, June 25, '62, Fair Oaks, Va. Murphy, Michael, priv, (E), July 25, '61;33;w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Dec.23, '62 Murphy, Michael, priv, ( — ), July 31, '63 ; 27 ; drafted ; disch. disa. Nov. 27, '63; in Co. H. Murphy, Patrick, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 21; disch. disa. May 31, '62; again enlisted Feb. 19, '64 in Co. K, and died of w'nds, in U.S. G. Hosp, May 18, '64. Murphy, Patrick, priv, (I), Aug.26, '61 ; 21 ; disch. disa. May 3, '62. Murphy, Thomas, priv, (H), July 26, '61; wounded and missing June 30/62; N.F.R. Murray, John, priv, (H), Aug. 12, '61; 24; deserted Oct. 20, '61. Murray, John, priv, (H), May 13, '64; 26; sub. Chas. Williams; abs. pris. June 22, '64; not heard from since. Murray, Thomas, priv, (A), Mar. 25, '64; 20; died Aug. 8, '64, Andersonville, Ga. Murray, Thomas, priv, (— ), Aug. 15, 61; 18; N.F.R.* Murry, Michael, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61 ; 18; dropped Oct. 13/62; under G. O, 162, A. of P. Oct. 7, '62. Murtaugh, Owen, priv, (H), Jan. 24, '65; 26; M.O. June 30, '65. Murwahne, John, priv, (F), Mar. 2, '64; 27; w'n'd May 7; borne also as "Menonhue," "Mur- nakin," and "Munahan," and M.O. as "Monahan," June 30, '65. Myett, Joseph, priv, (I), May 30, '64; 21; sub. Robert Latham; abs. pris. June 22, '64. Nason, John P, priv, band, Sept. 3, '61; 26; M.O. Aug. 8, '62. Neally, Richard, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 19; w'n'd June 30, '62; transf. to V.R.C. Mar. 7, 64. Neff, John, priv, (— ), July 30, '61; 26; sub.; N.F.R. Negrier, Prosper, priv, (K), Sept.y61; 35; deserted May 1, '62, at Yorktown. Neilson,' Bartholomew, priv, (G), Aug. 19, '61; 39; dischidisa. Apr. 10, '62 in Co. E. ROSTER. 403 Neitman, August, mus, (F), May 30, '64; 20; sub. R. P. Dean; abs. pris.; died Sept. 24/64, Andersonville, Ga. Nelson, David, priv, (D), Mar. 8, '64; 24; deserted June 22, '64 to enemy. Nelson, Leroy A, priv, (A), Aug. 20, '61; 20;killed in action Dec. 13, '62, Fredericksburg, Va. Neville, Bartholomew, priv, (H), Aug. 12, '61; 28; disch. disa. Jan. 30, '62 in Co. D. Newcomb, David, priv, (D), Aug. 26, '61; 18; M.O. Aug. 28, '64; see also as David New comb, Co. A, 10 Mass. Newcomb, Edgar M, corp, (F), Aug. 26, '61; 21; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62, Fredericksburg, Va.; died of w'nds Dec. 20, '62. Newcomb, Jos. F. B, priv, (D), Aug. 26, '61 ; 21 ; see Jos. Newcomb, B, 8, 3 mos; M.O. Aug 28, '64. Newcomb, Jos. H, priv, (B), Jan. 6, '65; 21; M.O. June 30, '65. Newer, John, priv, (H), Aug. 4/63; 21; sub.S. B. Wiley; transf. 20 M.V. Jan. 14/64. Newman, Stephen 1, mus, N.C.S, Aug. 3, '61; 25; disch. Oct. 30, '62; enlisted as leader of band, Wellman's Brig, Apr. 7, '63; disch. for prom. Apr. 24, '64; 2nd Lieut. Co. B, 81 , U.S.A., to Apr. 25, '64; 1st Lieut. Jan. 20, '65; M.O. Nov. 30, '66. Newhall, Chas. A, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61;24; w'n'd July 3, '63;M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Newhall, Chas. B, priv, (K), Aug. 8, '62;22;w'n'd July 3, '63; disch. expir. term Oct. 2, '64- Newhall, Jos. W, priv, (H), Dec. 0, '61; 26; disch. disa. Oct. 26/62 at Boston, by Col. Day. Newhall, Theron P, priv, (A), Aug. 20, '61 ; 24; died July 12, '62, Gen. Hosp, Portsmouth, Va, as Newhall. Nichols, Benj. R, priv, (G), June 17, '64; 24; sub. D. S. Stoddard ; died of w'nds Aug. 14, '64. Nichols, E.Augustus, mus, (C), Aug. 10, '61; 16; w'n'd May 10, '64; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Nichols, Edwin O, priv, (D), Aug. 10, '61; 25; deserted July 21, '62. Nichols, Gilman F, priv, (A), Aug. 10, '61 ; 18; killed in action Dec. 13, '62, Fredericksburg. Nichols, James, priv, (F), Mar. 11, '64; 26; w'n'd May 7, '64; M.O. June 30, '65; see H, 4th regt, 0 mos. Nichols, Nathaniel, priv, (D), July 25, '61 ; 31 ; never joined for duty; see Co.D, 30th, 0 mos. Niekersdn, Jas. P, priv, (H), Aug. 1, '63 ; 21 ; sub. ; disch. June 16, '65, as mus. Nickerson, Lorenzo P., priv, (I), July 26, '61; 28; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; abs. w'n'd; M.O. Aug. 28, '64; as abs. w'n'd. Nickerson, Thomas, priv, ( — ), Aug. 13, '61; 35; N.F.R. Nickol, Daniel, priv, (F), Apr. 14, '64; 24; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. sick; disch. July 20, '65 . Noble, Caleb O, priv, band, Sept. 9, '61; 24; M.O. Aug. 8, '62; see Navy. Nolan, Patrick, priv, (K), Sept. 17, '61; 23; w'n'd July 3, '63; re-en. Dec. 20, '63; died of w'nds June 22, '64, Annapolis, from wounds received in action. Norie, Alexander, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 22; transf. to Maj. Mix. Cav. Oct. 5, '61. Norman, Frank, priv, (I), Mar. 31, '64; 28; w'n'd May 6, '64; M.O. June 30, '65; has been pris. since June 22, '64; returned to regt. Northend, William, priv, (C), July 26, '61; 18; transf. to V.R.C. Sept. 26, '63; Co. H.; disch. to date July 31, '65; Co. C, 16 V.R.C Northrop, Frederick, priv, (G), May 25, '64; 19; sub. G. F. Hudson; M.O. June 30, '65. Norton, James, sergt, (E), July 25, '61; 24; disch. disa. Jan. 29, '62 as private. Norton, Andrew, priv, (E), July 25, '61 ; 26 ; w 'n 'd June 25, '62 ; disch. disa. Oct. 31, '62. Norton, James, priv, (H), July 31, '63; 39; sub.; deserted Aug. 16, '63 at Morrisville, Va. Norwood, James A, priv, (K), Sept. '61; 21; w'n'd July 3, '63; transf. to V.R.C, Dec. '63; M.O. Sept. 15/6.4; re-en. at Philadelphia, Feb. 18/65; M.O. Nov. 14/65; see F 1st Inf. Nowell, Frank, O. priv, (K), Sept. '61; 23; deserted Jan. 22, '62. Nowes, Chas. L, priv, (A), Aug. 10, '61; 19; w'n'd July 3, '63; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 as corp. Noyes, Edward, priv, (H), Dec. 3, '61; 40; killed in action in Co. A, Fredericksburg, Va, Dec. 13, '62. Noyes, Stephen, priv,(A), Jan. 25, '62 ; 21 ;w 'n 'd Dec. 13, '62 ; transf. to V.C.R. Sept. 12, '63, 19 Co, 2nd Batt.; disch. Feb. 20, '65. Nulty, Peter, corp, (G), July 25, '61; 20; w'n'd May 12, '64; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. as sergt. June 30, '65. 404 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Oakley, George, band, (D), Sept. 3, '61; 21; M.O. Aug. 8, '62. Ober, Wm. L, priv, (D), Feb. 27, '64; 20; M.O. June 30, '65. O'Brien, Dennis, priv, (— ), Aug. 16, '61; 19; N.F.R. O'Brien, James, priv, (H), June 19, '65; 27; M.O. June 30, '65. O'Brien, John, priv, (— ), Mar. 22, '64; 26; N.R. O'Brien, John, priv,(— ), June 15, '64; 24; IsfLieut.'June 1, '65; sub. Francis Frales;M.O as sergt. Maj. June 30, '65. O'Brien, Michael, priv, (I), Aug. 21, '61; 24; w'n'dJTuIy 3, '63; pris. June 22, '64, to Apr 28, '65; disch. May 23, '65. O 'Brien, Patrick, priv, (G), July 25, '61 ; 18 ; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. O 'Connell, James, priv, (G), Aug. 19, '61 ; 21 ; killed in action June 30, '62, White Oak Swamp Va. O 'Connell, John, priv, (C), Aug. 24, '61; 28; N.F.R. O 'Connell, Timothy, priv, (H), Dec. 10, '61 ; 21 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63 ; killed in action June 19, '64, Co. B, Blandford, Va, O'Connor, Dennis P, priv, (G), July 31, '61; 19; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Aug. 6, '62 O'Connor, Edward, priv, (E), Dec. 19, '62; 31; deserted and sent to P. M. Washington, Jan! 14, '63. O'Connor, Robert, priv, ( — ), Jan. 16. '65; disch. May 6, '65; unassigned. O'Connor, Thomas, priv, ( — ), Aug. 4, '63; 22; sub. Barnabas Sears. O 'Donnell, Patrick, priv, (F), Aug. 19, '61 ; 19; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 with detachment, Co. I. O 'Leary, Michael, priv,(F), Aug. 26, '61 ; 26 ; pris. June 22, '64, to Feb. 21, '65 ; M.O. June 30, '65. Oliver, Benj. P, priv, (H), Dec. 7, '61; 28; N.F.R. Olson, Gustaf, priv, ( — ), Mar. 23, '64 ; 21 ; disch. disa. Mar. 23, '62. Oliver, Exhor, priv, (K), Aug. 28, '62; 24; w'n'd July 3, '63 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63;M.O.June 30, '65. O 'Malley Thomas, priv, (F), Dec. 29, '61 ; 36; M.O. June 30, '65. O'Neil, Charles, priv,(F),Aug. 19, '61 ;24; w'n'd June 30, '62;disch. disa. as corp. Aug. 11, '62. O'Neil, Michael, corp, (G), July 25, '61;24;w'n'd June30, '62;disch. disa.aspriv, Dec. 31, '62. O'Neil, Patrick, priv, (D), July 25, '61; 22; deserted Dec. 29, '63. O'Neil, Patrick, priv, (-- ), July 31, '63; 21; N.F.R. O'Neil, Wm. H, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 19; disch. disa. Mar. 14, '63 at Gen. Hosp, N-Y. O'Rourke, Charles, priv, (G), Aug. 3, '63; 20; sub.; deserted Oct. 21, '63 near Bristoe. O'Rourke, Peter, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 24; w'n'd June 30, '62, Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Dec. 20, '62. O'Rourke, Peter, priv, ( — ), Aug. 3, '61; 24; recruit. Orr, Henry, priv, (B), Sept. 2, '62; 30; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; disch. disa. May 25, '63. Osborne, Eben B, priv, (E), Mar. 26, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65. Osborne, Ezekiel, corp, (B), July 26, '61 ; 26 ; disch. disa. Dec. 20, '61. Osborne, Francis, sergt, (B), July 26, '61 ; 23 ;disch. May 26, '65 as 1st sergt.; re-en. Dec. 21, '63. Osborne, Hugh, M. corp, (B), July 26, '61 ; 28; disch. disa. May 7, '63; w'n'd July 24, '66; see also V.R.C. Osborne, William, priv, (B), Sept. 10, '61 ; 34 ; disch . disa. Dec. 8, '63. Osborne, William, priv, (A), May 21, '64; 10; died Aug. 7, '64, Andersonville, Ga. Osrak, James, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 27; disch. disa. Opt. 8, '62 at Boston, by Col. Day. O 'Sullivan, Humphrey, priv, (F), Aug. 28, '61; 20.; deserted Apr. 11, '64. Otis, Geo. B, priv, (C), July 26, '61 ; 18; pris. June 22, '64, to Jan. 15, '65; disch, Jan. 15, '65. Owens, James, priv, (— ), Dec. 2, '62; 21; N.F.R. Page, George, priv, (A), Apr. 22, '64; 31; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; N.F.R. Palmer, Charles, priv, (— ), Jan. 4, '65; 21; N.F.R. Palmer, Chas. S, corp, (I), July 26, '61; 10; M.O. as 1st Lieut, Oct. 0, '64. Palmer, Geo. W, priv, band, Aug. 20, '61;23; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; died Feb. 26, '63, Phila delphia, Pa. ROSTER. 405 Palmer, Henry E, priv, (C), Aug. 12, '62; 24; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; disch. disa. Apr. 27, '63. Palmer, Peter P., priv, (E), Feb. 25, '61; 18; M.O. June 30, '65. Palmer, Wm. L, 2nd lieut. (I), Aug. 3, '61;22; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62, July3, '63, June 3, '64. Parent, Lewis, priv, (G), May 13, '64; 23; abs. pris. June 22, '64 to.Dec. 16, '64; disch. July 22, '65. Paris, Geo. W, priv, (C), Aug. 13, '61; 18; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Dec. 11, '62. Paris, Octave, priv, (B), Dec. 27, '64; 10; M.O. June 30, '65. Parker, Edward, priv, (C), July 26, '61; 27; disch. disa. June 10, '62. Parker, Erastus G, priv, (A), July 26, '61; 18; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Parker, Gilman N, priv, (A), July 26, '61 ; 44; disch. disa. Mar. 24, '62. Parkhurst, James, priv, (I), July 31, '63; 22; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64; sub. Parks, Virginius, priv, (I), July 20, '61; 22; disch. disa. Oct. 12, '63; disch. paper. Parshley, Sylvester, priv, (H), Dec. 7, '61; 18; disch. as private June 13, '62; enlisted Co. I, 13th V.R.C. July 21, '64; M.O. Nov. 17, '65. Patch, Geo. H, priv, (F), Aug. 24, '61; 18; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Patch, Josiah, Jr., priv, (I), Apr. 30, '64; 34; disch. disa. July 6, '65. Patmore, Thomas, priv, (I), Apr. 21, '64; 22; abs. sick in hosp. June 30, '65. Patrick, Joseph, priv, (C), Mar. 22, '64; 21; abs. w'n'd May 7, '64. Paul, Frank, priv, (H), Apr. 6, '64; 34; M.O. June 30, '65. Paul, Theodore, priv, l—), Dec. 31, '64; 38; N.F.R Payne, John, priv, (G), Jan. 0, '65; 40; M.O. June 30, '65. Payson, Chas. A, priv, (G), May 13, '64; 36; drafted; abs. pris.; disch. June 30, '65. Pearson, Chas. L, priv, (G), Aug. 23, '61; 18; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Mar. 12, '63. Pearson, Jos. H, priv, (B), July 26, '61;26; diedof w'n'ds Sept. 18, '62, Antietam, Md. Pearson, Otis, priv, (A), Aug. 12, '62; 31 ; disch. June 30, '65. Pearson, Daniel, corp, (C), July 30, '61; 33; abs. from Co. sick Aug. 28, '64; N.F.R. Peasley, John, priv, ( — ), Mar. 10, '62; 28; N.R. Peck, Geo. W, priv, (D), Aug. 19, '61; 18; disch. disa. June 17, '62. Penniman, Walter S, priv, (K), Sept. 17, '61; 26; killed in action, Dec. 11, '65, Fredericks burg, Va. Pent, Peter, priv, (I), Aug. 4, '63; 39; sub.; transf. to 20 regt. Perkins, Charles, priv, (C), Nov. 10, '64; 25; deserted June 10, '65 camp near Munson 's. Hill Va. Perkins, Hazen K, priv, (I), Aug. 3, '63; 18; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Perkins, Theodore B, sergt, (B), July 26, '61; 24; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; disch. as priv. disa. Mar. 7, '63. Perry, Henry G, priv, (E), Mar. 11, '64; 21; w'n'd May 24, '64; M.O. June 30, '65. Perry, Horace D, priv, (H), Dec. 0, '61; 18; w'n'dDec. 13, '62 ; disch. disa. Sept. 20, '63. Perry, Isaac, priv, (C), Aug. 24, '61; 28; disch. Nov. 2, '62 at Boston for disa. Peters, Heinrich, priv, ( — ), Mar. 24, '64; 30; N.F.R. Pettee, Albert, priv, (F), Feb. 10, '62; 21; disch. disa. July 21, '62. Phelan, John E, priv, (I), July 27, '61 ; 20 ; transf. to V.R.C. Sept. 12, '63 ; disch. from 27 Co, 2nd Batt, V.R.C. July 26, '64. Phelps, Elias A, priv, (G), July 25, '61 ; 21 ; died Oct. 5, '61 in camp, Poolesville, Md. Phillips, Eugene C, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 20; disch. expir. term, Aug. 28, '64. Phillips, Jas. H. H, priv, (G), Aug. 23, '61; 20; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; transf. to V.R.C. Apr. 25, '64; M.O. as corp. Sept. 3, '64 as of Co. E. 24th V.R.C. Phillips, John D, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 23; disch. disa. May 16, '63, Phillips, Robert W, priv, (B), Jan. 10, '65; 40; M.O. June 30, '65. Philpott, Hiram, priv, (C), Mar, 23, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65. Pierce, Calvin D, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61 ; 21 ; disch. disa. Feb. 13, '63 at Alexandria, Va. Pierce, Charles, priv, (I), Aug. 1/63; 30; sub. J. A. Pierce; transf, to 20 M.V. Jan. 14/64. Pierce, Elliot C, 2nd lieut. ( — ), Oct. 22, '61 ; declined Corns, "Roster," no service. Pierce, Lorenzo, priv, (C), Aug. 27, '61; 18; N.F.R. Pike, James, priv, (H), June 6, '64; 25; sub. E. F. Parks; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; N.F.R. Pike, John F, priv, (I), July 26, '61 ; 24 ; disch. disa. Dec. 13, '61. Pike, Robert P, priv, (E), Deo. 24, '64; 40; killed in action Feb. 5, '65. 406 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Pillsbury, Joseph, priv, (C), Aug. 16, '61 ; 21 ; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Pillsbury, Richard L, priv, (C), Sept 10, '61 ; 18; re-en Dec. 21, '63; abs. w'n'd disch. June 13, '65. Place, Samuel H, priv. (I), Jan. 30, '65; 22; deserted June 12, '65; disch. to date June 12, '65. Pluns, August, priv, (I), July 24, '63; 22; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. June 14, '64; deserted Oct. 17, '63. Plympton, Amos G, priv, (K), July 31, '62; 21; transf. from 1st Co. S.S.; re-en. Feb. 16, '64; abs. w'n'd since May 13, '64. Plympton, Jonathan, capt, (I), July 26, '61; 33; w'n'd Oct. 14, '63; disch. Dec. 12, '63. Poole, Eben D, priv, (C), May 14, '64; 22; drafted; transf. to V.R.C. Apr. 13, '65; M.O. Nov. 20, '65. Poole, Leonard H, priv, ( — ), Aug. 11, '62; 33; disch. Dec. 17, '62 at Falmouth, Va, unas- signed. Poole, Ludo A, priv, (B), Sept. 0, '61; 33; M.O. Aug. 8, '62. Porteons, Chas. E, priv, (I), Aug. 23, '61; 32; deserted Nov. 3, '61. Porter, Chas. H, priv, (I), July 31, '63; 23; sub. John Freeman, Jr.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Porter, James, priv, (A), July 26, '61 ; 36 ; w 'n 'd June 30, '62, Dec. 13, '62 ; disch. disa. Mar. 12, '63; see Co. B, 2 H. A. Porter, James, priv, (B), Sept. 3, '62; 26; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; transf. to V.R.C. Sept. 26, '63. Potter, Benj.F, priv, (D), July 25, '61; 31; died Jan. 1/62 of disease, Hosp. Muddy Branch, Md. Powell, James, priv, (H), Nov. 10, '61; 22; disch. disa. Feb. 12, '63. Powers, Edward, priv, (H), Aug. 12, '61; 19; w'n'd June 30, '62; Co. I; died Aug. 26, '62, Phila, Pa. Powers, Edward E, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '62; 25; re-en. Dec. '63; transf. to Navy, '64. Powers, James, priv, (F), May 28, '64; 40; sub.; pris. from June 24, '64, to May 1, '65; M.O. June 30, '65. Powers, John, 1st sergt, (I), July 26, '61;26; w'n'dSept. 11, '62 ; disch. Mar. 17, '63,asserg. Pratt, Edwin B, priv, (K), Aug. 13, "61; 25; re-en. Dec. 21, '63 ; abs. parolled pris. June 22 '64 to Dec. 11, '64; disch. July 20, '65. Pratt, Gustavus P, assist, surg, (F. & G), Dec. 7, '63; 24; M.O. June 30, '65. Preble,John, priv, (A), July 26, '61; 19; dropped Oct. 13, '62; disch. disa. Feb. 5, '63; en listed in V.R.C. Prentiss, Nathaniel, sergt, (F), Aug. 1, '61; 34; died May 25, '62, Lewis Farm, Va. Preston, Chas. H, priv, (B), Dec. 3, '62; 18; w'n'd July 3, '63, May 6, '64; disch. Feb. llt '65; re-en. Dec. 21, '63. Preston, Patrick, priv, (— ), Feb. 18, '64; 21; N.F.R. Price, Rufus, priv, Dec. (— ), 3, '62; 24; N.F.R. Prime, John B , priv, (H), Dec. 3, '61; 42; disch. disa. May 22, '62. Prime, Samuel S, 2nd lieut, (C), July 26, '61; 32; resigned Jan. 21, '63. Proctor, John, priv, (H), Aug. 20, '61 ; 25 ; killed in action June 30, '62 at White Oak Swamp, Va! Pru, Herman, priv, (G), Jan. 9, '65; 26; M.O. June 30, '65. Pulsifer, Daniel, priv, (— ),*Aug. 10, '61 ; 37 ; see Co. G, 17 Mass. Vols. Purrington, Henry I, priv, band, Sept. 9, '61; 36; M.O. Aug. 8, '62. Purrington, John A, priv, band, Sept. 9, '61 ; 46; disch. Jan. 30, '02 ; also see Co. I, 3rd regt. (9 mos.) Putnam, Hervey, priv, (D), Aug. 26, '61; 42; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Putnam, Robert W, priv, (F), Aug. 22, '61; 18; died of w'ndsjuly 13, '62, Richmond, Va. Quigley, James, priv, (— ), Dec. 31, '63; 18; see rejected recruits. Quinn, James, priv, (K), Mar. 8, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65. Quinn, John, priv, (— ), Apr. 11, '64; 21; N.F.R. Quinn, Timothy, priv, (F), Aug. 0, '61; 18; disch. Oct. 24, '62 to enlist in U.S.A. Quinn', John, priv, (G), Dec. 2, '64; 27; M.O. June 30, '65. Qiunlan, Michael W, priv, (F), July '63; 21; drafted; M.O. June 30, '65. Rabethgo, Oscar, priv, (A), Nov. 3, '64; 29; M.O. June 30, '65 as corp. ROSTER. 407 Rammelshur, Carl, priv, (B),May 13,- '64 ; 26 ; sub. Emery Cobb ; abs. pris. since June 22, '64 ; N.F.R. Randall, Edward A, corp, (I), Aug. 17, '61; 28; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 as priv. Randall, Lot J, priv, (K), Nov. 7, '62; 23; transf. from 1st Co. S.S.; re-en. Feb. 16, '64; abs sick since Apr. 17, '64. Rappell, Winfield, priv, (B), July 26, '61 ; 20 ; killed in action, Dec. 13, '62, Fredericksburg, Va. Rasch, John, priv, (H), Jan. 21, '65; 31; M.O. June 30, '65. Raymond, Alfred A, Jr., priv, (H), Nov. 20, '61; 18; missing since Dec. 13, '62. Raymond, Geo. F, priv, (F), Aug. '61; 18; never joined for duty. Read, William, priv, (— ), Aug. 7, '61; 20; N.F.R. Reading, Daniel F, priv, (H), Aug. 12, '61 ; 18; missing July 3, '63; N.F.R. Reagan, Dennis, sergt, (I), July 26, '61; 27; deserted June 22, '62. Redding, Michael, corp, (D), Aug. 24/61 ; 41 ; killed in action Dec. 1 1/62, Fredericksburg, Va. Reddy, Patrick, priv, ( — ),Feb. 11, '64; 42; rejected Feb. 3, '64. Reese, George, priv, (C), July 27, '63; 21; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Reeves, Charles, priv, (— ), Dec. 3, '64; 33; N.F.R. Regan, Chas. B, priv, ( — ), Apr. 11, '64; 21; N.F.R. Regan, Cornelius, priv, (H), Nov. 21, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65. Regan, Dennis, priv, (E), Aug. 28, '61; 27; deserted June 22, '62, Co. K. Reichardt, Joseph, priv, (F), May 31, '64; 40; sub.; abs. pris.; disch. June 22, '65; M.O. June 30, '65. Reimbach, Louis, master, band, Nov. 7, '61; 28; M.O. Aug. 8, '62. Reiner, Joel K, sergt, (E), July 25, '61; 22; disch. disa. Sept. 21, '62. Remondo, John W, priv, (H), Oct. 25, '61; 20; disch. disa. Apr. 24, '62 at Poolesville by Major Bates. * Restell, John; priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 41; disch. disa. Apr. 10, '62; disch. paper. Restell, John, Jr., priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 18; w'n'd June 30, '62; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; pris. from June 22, '64, to May 27, '65; M.O. June 30, '65. Reynolds, John, priv, (D), Aug. 26, '64; 22; M.O. June 30, '65. Reynolds, John P.', Jr., 2nd lieut. (D), Aug. 3, '61 ; 22 ; prior service in Co. I, 8th Mass. 3 mos. ; w'n'd Sept. 17/62 ; transf . V.R.C Mar. 5, '64 ; disch. July 3/66 to date June 30/66; as capt. 21 Regt. V.R.C. Rice/Edmund, capt, (F), July25, '61;22; w'n'd Sept. 10/62, July 3, '63, May 12, '64;M.O. June 30, '65 as Lt. Col.; died July 20, 1006, at Wakefield; buried at Arlington Cemetery, Washington, D. C Rice, Jas. H, 1st lieut,. (F), July 25/61 ;22; w'n'd June 25, '62 transf. to V.R.C. July 10/63. Rice, John, priv, (G), Nov. 10, 64; 10; deserted Dec. 20, '64 while en route to his regiment. Rice, Wm, 1st. sergt, (F), Aug. 26, '61; 20; M.O. Oct. 0, '64 as 1st lieut. ; see 1st regt. M. Vols. Rich, Robert E, priv, (B), July 26, '61 ; 18; disch. disa.'Jan. 17, '63. Richardson, Edwin C, priv, (E), July 25, '61 ; 10 ; transf. to V.R.C. Dec. 10, '63. Richardson, Joseph, priv, (B), May 13, '64; 18; sub. C E. Croley; pris. from June 22, '64, to May 12, '65; M.O. June 30, '65. Richardson, Stephen E, priv, band, Aug. 31, '61; 20; N.F.R. Richardson, Samuel E, priv, ( — ), Jan. 4, '64; 18; rejected Jan. 7, '64. Richardson, William, priv, (C), May 10, '64; 33; drafted M.O. June 30, '65. Ridlon, James, priv, (— ), Apr. 21, '64; 40; N.F.R. Rigney, Edward, priv, (G), Sept. 3, '61 ; 22 ; transf. to V.R.C. Dec. 14, '63 ; N.F.R. Riley, James, priv, (I), July 31, '63; 35; sub. Joseph M. Buck; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64 Riley, James, priv, (D), May 13, '64; 23; sub. M.O. June 30, '65. Riley, John, priv, (B), Feb. 8, '62; 20 ;disch. Jan. 27, '65 for Co. F 24th. V.R.C. to which transf, Riley, Michael, priv., (B), July 26/61; w'n'd Sept. 17/62; disch. Oct. 28, '62 to re-en. in 15th U.SA. Riley, Patrick, priv, (I), June 2, '64. 21; sub. H. T. Downing; M.O. June 30, '63. Riley, Thomas, priv, (H), Dec. 1/61; 10; w'n'd May 10/64; re-en. Dec. 26/63; disch. for w'nds June 15, '65. Riley, Thomas, priv, (— ), Dec. 10, '62; 22; N.F.R. 408 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Ripley, Thomas K, priv, (A), Aug. 4, '63 ; 24 ; drafted ; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Rinaldo, John B, priv, (— 1 , July 31, '63 ; 32; sub. for Nathan A. Fitch; transf . to 20 M.V. Co. F. Rischild, Emile, priv, (E), Dec. 8, '64; 23; M.O. June 30, '65. Ritchie, George M, priv, (K), Sept. 17, '61; 35; Capt. June 1, '65; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65 as 1st Lieut. Roberts, HenriechC, priv, ( — ), Jan. 0/65; 22; deserted Feb. 24/65; see regt. recruit. Roberts, James, priv, ( — ),Dec. 2/62; 22; N.F.R. Roberts, John S, priv, (C), July 26, '61; ig; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; dropped Oct. 13, '62. Roberts, Nathan H, priv, (E), May 13, '64 ; 33; drafted ; pris. since June 22, '64; died July 25 '64, Andersonville, Ga. Roberts, Samuel, Jr., priv, (H), Nov. 30, '61; 30; disch. disa. May 28, '62. Roberts, Sylvester, priv, (I), Aug. 20, '61; 22; disch. disa. June 8, '63. Roberston, Thomas, priv, (H), Jan. 4, '65; 42; M.O. June 30, '65. Robertson, William, priv, (— ), May 20, '64; 25; (deserted Aug. 27, '64 in front of enemy at Reams Station.) Robbins, ThomasB, priv, (B), July 26, '61; 30; never left state. Robinson, Henry, priv, (H), May 13/64; 30; sub. for H. F. Sears; died Oct. 3, '64, Anderson ville, Ga. , Robinson, James, priv. ( — ), May 10, '64; 24; sub. for Thomas Hollis, Jr.; N.F.R. Robinson, John H, priv, (H), Aug. 20, '61; 10; transf. Dec. 1, '61 to Co. I.; M.O. Feb. 1, '65 medal of honor man. Robinson, John H, priv, (B), Sept. 6, '62; 24; died Oct. 30, '62, Bolivar, Va. Robinson, John L, corp, (D), July 28, '61 ; 33; disch. disa. Mar. 12, '64 in Co. G. Robinson, John N.. priv, (F), Aug. 6, '61; 21; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. June 10, '63. Robinson, John Y, priv, ( — ) , Jan. 2, '65 ; 22; N.F.R. Robinson, Joseph, priv, (F), May 30, '64; 18; sub. S. B. Fiske; abs. sick; N.F.R. Robinson, Sherman S, priv, (A), July 26, '61; 10; sergt. 2nd Lieut. Apr. 5, '63; killed in action July 3, '63, Gettysburg, Pa. Rochambeau, Louis, priv, (— ), Mar. 24, '64; 26; N.F.R. Roche, Edmund, priv, (E), Aug. 2g, '62; 30; killed inaction July 3, '63. Rodgers, Mial A, priv, (B), Sept. 10/61; 22; disch. disa. Dec. 0/61; see F. 48 regt. rej't. recruits, B lgth regt. '64, also I, 57 regt. and I, 5g regt. Rodigrass, John S, priv, (H), Nov, 26, '61 ; 34; disch. disa. Nov. 27, '62. Rogers, Albert, priv, (C), July 26, '61; 19; w'n'd July 3/62; May 12/64; re-en. Mar. 4/64; transf. to V.R.C. disch.from Co. K, V.R.C; Aug. 13, '65. Rogers, Elisha P, capt, (B), Aug. 22, '61; 32; disch. June 17, '62; see M. 4th H. Art'y. Rogers, Daniel E, priv, (B), Dec. 16, '61; 18; dischi disa. Sept. 2, '62. Rogers, Geo. W, priv, (B), Mar. 30, '64; 18; w'n'd May 13, '64; disch. June 24, '65, Co. C. Rogers, John, priv, (I), Jan.^5, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65. Rogers, Micajah, priv, (B), July 26, '61 ; 27 ; died Oct. 15, '62 ; Alexandria, Va. Rogers, Samuel, priv, (C), July 30, '61; 26; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Rogers, Shubael D, priv, (B), Aug. 19/61; 24; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; transf. to V.R.C. Sept. 12, '63. Rogers, Wm. H. G, priv, (B), July 26, '61 ; 20; disch. Jan. 17, '62 for disa. on S.C.of D. Rogers, Varnum, priv, (B), July 30, '61; 21; deserted Sept. 17, '62. Rollins, Josiah L, wag, (G), July 25, '61; 20; disoh. disa. Jan. — , '63 at Boston by Col. Day, Rollins, Wm, priv, (— ), Dec. 16, '62; 26; N.F.R. Rolston, John M, corp, (I), Aug. 26, '61; 21; N.F.R. Rooney, Peter, priv, (H), Aug. 1, '63; 21; sub.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14/64. Roos, Albert, priv, (K), Mar. 21, '65; 21 ; M.O. June 30, '65 as Ross. Rosenberg, Carl, priv, (A), Aug. 4, '63; 21; sub. E. O. Bullock; N.F.R. Rosenberg, Chas, priv, (I), July 31, '63; 23; sub.; disch. disa. Dec. 14/63; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Ross, Dunbar, priv, (B), Mar. 27, '63; 23; died of w'nds Dec. 0, '63, Lincoln Hos. D.C. Ross', Carl, priv, (E), Dec. 8, '64; 21;M.O. June 30, '65. ROSTER. 409 Ross, John C, priv, (E), July 25, '61 ; 41 ; killed in action Sept. 17, '62, Antietam, Md. Ross, John T, priv, (H), July 26, '61; 18; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62, May 10, '64; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65 as 1st Lieut. Ross, Wm. H, sergt, (H), Sept. 16, '61 ; 26; killed in action May 16, '64, Spottsylvania, Va Roth, Philip, priv, (A), Aug. 12, '62; 40; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62; disch. disa. Mar. 16, '63. Rouelson, Wm. G, priv, (D), May 13, '64; 31; sub. Milton Stone; abs. pris. since June 22 '64. Rounels, Francis, priv, (H), Dec/3, '61 ; 31 ; disch. disa. Apr. 4, '63 at Boston by Col. Day. Rourke, John, priv, (F), Aug. 24, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Routney, Chas. priv, (I), June 18, '64; 31; drafted; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Rowe, Chas, priv, (K), Aug. 15, '62 ; 27 ; disch. disa. Aug. 27, '64; disch. paper. Rowe, Geo. A, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 26; deserted as corp. Aug. 11, '62. Rowley, Chas. A, priv, (H), May 13, '64; 37; drafted; abs. pris.; died at Andersonville, Oct. 2, '64 Co. K. Ruggles, Geo, priv, ( — ), Aug. 6/61; 23; N.F.R. Rundlett, John, priv, (C), Aug. 24/61; 48; disch. disa. Oct. 28/61. Rundlett, Oliver S, priv, (A), July 26, '61;18;w'n 'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Dec. 9, '62. Rusch, John, priv, (H), Jan. 21, '65; 31; M.O. June 30, '65; see folio 558 Navy. Rushton, John, priv, ( — ), July 29, '63 ; 30; sub, ; see 12 regt. Inf.; did not serve in 10th regt. Russell, Benjamin W, corp, (D), July 25, '61; 10; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; killed in action June 18, '64, Petersburg, Va. Russell, Cornelius, corp, (E), July 25, '61; 21; w'n'd July 3, '63; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 as priv.' as abs. w'n'd. Russell, James D, capt, (D), July 25, '61; 35; resigned Nov. 20, '62. Russell, Daniel W, priv, (K), Sept. 16, '61 ; 10 ; deserted June 30, '62 ; enlisted 10 N.H. Vols, Aug. 1, '62 ; killed at Cold Harbor, June 2, '64, as 1st Lieut. Russell, Thos, priv, (B), Aug. 27, '61 ; 32 ; died June 4, '62 as mus. at Fort Monroe, Va. Ryan, Andrew, priv, (F), Apr. 13, '64; 36; abs. w'n'd since May 12, '64. Ryan, James, priv,.( — ), Dec. 19, '62; 21; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Ryan, John, priv, (— ), Dec. 1, '62; 20; N.F.R. Ryan, John H, priv, (B), July 26, '61 ; 41 ; disch. disa. May 10, '62. Ryan, John D, priv, (K), Sept. 18, '61 ; 19; disch. disa. July 8, '62; disch. paper; also Co. I, 8th 100 days and 2nd Lieut. 61 regt. Ryan, Patrick, priv, (C), Jan. 17, '65; 18; M.O. June 30, '65. Ryan, Wm, priv, (I), July 26, '61; 20; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Ryan, Wm, priv, ( — ), Mar. 24, '64; 24; w'n'd May 12, '64; N.F.R. Salisbury, Thos. J, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 21; w'n'd July 3, '63; May 12, '64; transf. to V.R.C. Dec. 17, '63; disch. Aug. 28, '64. Silter, Solomon, priv, (B), May 19, '64; 26; sub. C L. Young; M.O. June 30, '65. Sampson, Christopher C, 1st lieut, (I), July 26, '61 ; 22 ; resigned Oct. 3, '61. Sanders, Edward P, priv, (C), July 26, '61 ; 27 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; disch. disa. Apr. 28/64. Sanderson, Henry, priv, (H), Jan. 23, '65; 38; M.O. June 30, '65. Sargent, Geo. C, priv, (H), May 13/64; 29; drafted; died at Andersonville, Nov. 2, '64. Sargent, John W, priv, (A), July 26, '61 ; 21 ; deserted June — , '62 as John A. Saunders, Wm. K, priv, (I), Jan. 31, '65; 37; M.O. June 30, '65. Savey, Thos, priv, (D), May 28, '64 ; 33 ; sub. ; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Sawyer, Jerry N, priv, (C), July 26, '61 ; 21 ; deserted Aug. 8, '61. Sawyer, Joseph W, mus. (I), July 26, '61 ; 17; disch. disa. Feb. 16, '63. Scanlan, Lewis G, priv, (K), Sept. 17, '61; 20; disch. disa. Nov. 3, '62; disch. Oct. 28, '62. Scannell, Micheal, priv, (A), Aug. 20, '61 ; 32; w'n'd July 3, '63; re-en. Dec, 21/63; pris. from June 22, '64, to Apr. 27, '65 ; disch. June 6, '65. Scannell, Patrick, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61 ; 21 ; killed in action July 3, '63, Gettysburg, Pa. Scanlin, David, priv, (I), July 31, '63; 23; sub. Isaac B. Little; transf. to Co. D, 20 regt. Jan. 14, '64 and disch. Jan. 31/65; lost left arm May 6, '64. Sceiss, Alois, priv, (B), Jan. 5, '65; 21; M.O. June 30, '65. Schleckman, Chas, priv, (I), Jan. 2, '65; 30; deserted June 12, '65, Munson's Hill, Va. 410 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Scb.od3-, Julius, priv, (G), Jan. 7, '65; 36; M.O. June 30, '65 Schaff Ei«-Ard N, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 26; hosp. steward Mar. 4/63; 1st Lieut. Oct. 6 64; capt June 1, '65; re-en. Dec. 21/63; M.O. July 21, '65as 1st Lieut. Schott, John A. H, priv, (E), Dec. 6, '64; 26; M.O. June 30 '65 • Schmidt, Chas priv, (A), Jan. 8, '64; 25; w'n'd May 10, '64; vet. 22nd N.J. Vols, disch June 17, '65; pris. from May 12, '64, to May 12, '65. Schnock, Albert, priv, (I), Jan'. 26, '65; 22; disch. July 28, '65. Schultz, Hans W, priv, (— ), July 31, '63; 31; sub.; N.F.R. Schulze, Frederick, priv, (B), Dec. 30, '64; 24; M.O. June 30, '65. Schwerin, Fritz, priv, (— ), July 31, '63; 27; sub. John W. Bryant- N F R Scott John, priv, (-), May 24, '64; 32; sub.; abs. pris.; captured June 22, '64; not heard from smce. Seaman, John, priv, (H), June 10, '64; 21; sub. Marshall Calkins; disch. disa. Sept 16 '64 Seaver, Joseph, priv, (B), Sept. 2, '62; 44; killed in action Dec. 14, '62; Fredericksburg Va Seavey, Joseph J, priv, (F), Aug. 6, '61; 27; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Suley, Samuel W, capt 's boy, (G), Aug. 23, '61; 16; N.F.R. Scichester, Edward, priv, (E), Feb. 15, '65; 40; M.O. June 30, '65. Seger, Chas, priv, (G), Jan. 13, '65 ; 25 ; deserted Mar. 28, '65 at Hatchers Run, Va. Sewell, Chas. C, priv, (I), Aug. 1, '61; 18; w'n'd June 25, '62; disch. disa. Sept. 23, '62; see also Co. K 2nd H. Art'y. Shackley, Moses, wagoner, (B), Aug. 24, '61 ;21 ; 1st sergt. ; 2nd Lieut. Nov. 13, '62- disch Nov 12, '63. Shackley, Wm, priv, (H), Dec. 0, '61; 26; disch. disa. Aug. 0, '62; see also V.R.C. Sharkey, Chas, priv, (F), Aug. 5, '61; 21; disch. Oct. 22, '62 to enlist in U.S.A. Oct. 26, '05 for U.S.A. Service. Shattuck, Geo, priv, (K), June 2, '64 ; 22 ; sub. Joseph Barnes ; M.O. June 30, '65. Shaw, Geo. H, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61 ; 26; w'n'd as sergt. June 30, '62; disch. disa. as George F. Aug. 18, '62. Shaw, John, priv, (H), Aug. 5, '61; 33; deserted Aug. 20, '61. Shaw, Levi, Q.M, 1st lieut, (F and G), Aug. 3, '61 ; 50 ; disch. disa. Sept. 17, '62. Shea, John, priv, (G), July 25, '61; 22; died Nov. 13, '62, Bolivar, Va. Sheahan, Edward, priv, (I), Aug. 10, '61; 19; disch. disa July 23, '62; see also V.R.C. Shearin, Chas. H, priv, (— ), Nov. 28, '62; 20; N.F.R. Sheffield, Chas. M, priv, (H), Aug. 20, '61 ; 21 ; disch. disa. in Co. D June 17, '62. Shepard, Lewis S, priv, (— ), Feb. 29, '64; 25; transf. to 1st Co. S.S.; disch. May 6, '65; Sherman, Chas, priv, (D), May 14, '64; 24; sub. George Mason; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Sherman, James O, priv, (— ), July 31, '63; 28; sub.; N.F.R. Sherman, Stiles F, priv, (A), Aug. 10, '61; 33; disch. disa. May 26, '62. Sherman, Wm. W, priv, (B), July 26, '61 ; 20 ; disch. disa. Jan. 26, '63. Sherwell, Jesse R, priv, (G), Aug. 27, '61; 35; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; M..O Aug. 28, '64. Sherwood, Duncan, priv, (A), Aug. 20, '61 ; 25 ; w 'n 'd July 3, '63 ; transf. to V.R.C. Nov. 20, '63; M.O. Sept. 12, '64. Shields, David, priv, (I), June 3, '64; 18; sub. E. C Pomroy ; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Shine, John, priv, (K), Sept. — , '61; 23; N.F.R. Shine, John, priv, (I), Mar. 31, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. pris. June 22, '64. Shinnick, James, priv, (H), Apr. 15, '64; 26; died Oct. 23, '64, Andersonville, Ga. Shipley, Albert, priv, (D), Aug. 10, '61; 25; enlisted while a deserter in Co. C 2nd Cav under name of Alfred Locke ; considered a deserter from Nov. 15, '62 ; dishonorably disch . Aug. 21, '77. Shock, Carl, priv, (C), Mar. 22, '64; 24; w'n'd May 18, '64; abs. w'n'd. Shorey, Patrick, priv, (— ), Aug. 4, '63; ig; sub.; N.F.R. Short, Alexander L, priv, (A), July 26, '61; 25; disch. disa. Oct. 16, '62. Short, Moses, priv, (B), July 26, '61; 27; died of w'nds June 25, '62, Fair Oaks, Va. Shuhkneoht, John, priv, (— ), Mar. 24, '64; 28; N.R. Sias, George H, priv, (F), Aug. 8, '61; 19; disoh. disa. Dec. 10, '62. '-¦j -' ROSTER. 411 Sicore, Joseph, priv, ( — ), June 16, '64; 23; sub. H. W. Stockway; N.F.R. Silk, Jeremiah, priv, (G), Aug. ig, '61 ; 20; disch. Oct. 22, '62 to re-en. in U.S.A. Simpson, Andrew, priv, ( — ), Mar. 18, '64; 22; transf. to Navy Apr. 23, '64. Simpson, Edwin F, priv, (F), Feb. 23, '65; 18;M.O. June 30, '65. Simonds, Benj. R, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 18; disch. disa. July 0, '62. Simonds, Wm, priv, (H), Dec. 9, '61; 25; N.F.R. Sinnot, James, priv, ( — ), Dec. 19, '62; 23; N.F.R. Skerrett, James S, priv, (F), Nov. 21, '63; 36; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. sick; has been pris. from June 22, '64, to Mar. 1, '65; disch. July 24, '65. Slocumb, Robert, priv, ( — ), July 31, '63; 23; sub. R. H. Mathes ; see 20 regt. ; transf. to 20 M.V. Small, John T, priv, (A), Aug. 20, '61; 30;. com 'y sergt. May 30, '63; 1st Lieut. Oct. 8, '64; re-en. Jan. 4, '64; M.O. June 30, '65. Smidt, Chas, priv, (A), Aug. 28, '61; 25. Smith, Bartholomew, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 25; transf. to V.R.C. Sept. 26, '63. Smith, Caleb V. A, priv, (H), Aug. 20, '61; 25; disch. disa. Feb. 4, '63; Co. D. Smith, Chas, priv, (I), Feb. 23, '64; 33; abs. sick; disch. disa. July 21, '65. Smith, Chas, priv, (— ), Dec. 10, '62; 26;"N.F.R. Smith, Chas, priv, (H), Jan. 12, '65; 23; M.O. June 30, '65. Smith, Chas. E, priv, (K), Aug. 30, '62; 27; died of w'ndB Dec. 18, '62, Falmouth, Va. Smith, Daniel H, priv, (I), Feb. 11, '65; 25; M.O. June 30, '65. Smith, Ervin, priv, (G); May 13, '64; 23; sub.; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. -Smith, Francis L, priv, (H), July 26, '61; 24; w'n'd June 30, '62; arm amputated; died Aug. 5, '62, Philadelphia, Pa. Smith, Geo, priv,(— ), July 24, '63; 30; sub.; N.F.R. Smith, Geo. H, priv, (— ), July 5, '63 ; 30 ; sub. ; N.F.R. Smith, Henry A, priv, (B), Aug. 10, '61; 10; disch. disa. Oct. 28, '61; died Nov. 22, '61, Camp Benton. Smith, Henry, priv, (H), Nov. 1, '61; 19; disch. disa. Mar. 31, '63 in Co. I. Smith, Henry, priv, (C), Mar. 1, '64; 18; w'n'd May 6, '64;M.6. June 30, '65. Smith, Horace L, priv, (A), Aug. 20, '61; 22; disch. disa. May 24, '62. Smith, James, priv, (F), Aug. 24, '61; 18; M.O. Aug. 28, '64; abs. w'n'd; died at Salisbury, N. C, Feb. 3, '65. Smith, James, priv, (— ), July 31, '63; 21; N.F.R. Smith, James, priv, ( — ), Mar. 28, '64; 26; transf. to Navy Apr. 23, '64. Smith, James, priv, (F), May 23, '64; 21; sub. S. C Ellis; died Feb. 3, '65, Salisbury, N. C. Smith, James H, priv, ( — ), Mar. 24, '64 ; 21 ; transf. to Navy Apr. 23, '64. Smith, James S, priv, (H), Aug. 26, '61; 18; disch. Apr. 28, '64 as 1st sergt. Co. I; re-en. Feb. 24, '64. Smith, James S, priv, (I), Feb. 24, '64; 18; pris. of war; disch. June 7, '65. Smith, Jonas, L. priv, (I), Sept. 9, '61; 29; re-en. Dec. 21, '63 ; pris. June 22, '64, to Mar. 16, '65; M.O. June 30, '65. Smith, John, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 18; killed in action June 30, '62, White Oak Swamp, Va, Smith, John, priv, (— ), Aug. 3, '63; 26; sub.; N.F.R. Smith, John A, priv, (— ), Jan. 28, '62; 43; disch. disa. Mar. 23, '62 ; unassigned. Smith, John H, priv, (A), Apr. 22, '64; 18; died Aug. 15, '64, Andersonville, Ga; enlist ment papers say disch. Oct. 5, '63 from 4th N.H. Vols. Smith, Martin, priv, (G), May 13, '64; 23; sub. Chas. Clements; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; N.F.R. Smith, Mathew, priv, (— ), Dec. 10, '62; 22; N.F.R. Smith, Michael, priv, (K), Aug. 3, '63; 25; sub. Marcus Hall; disch. disa. Dec. 17, '63, Gen. Tuft 's report 4. Smith, Ogden, priv, (A), July 26, '61 ; 10 ; deserted Sept. 16, '62 ; see Navy folio 604. Smith, Samuel, H. priv, (H), Oct. 2, '61 ; 20 ; w'n 'd June 25, '62 ; disch. disa. Dec. 3, '62. Smith, Sidney M, priv, (H), Apr. 14, '64; 21; died Aug. 26, '64. Smith, Thos, priv, (A), Mar. 26, '64; 28; died Jan. 26, '65. Smith, Thos, priv, (K), June 0, '64; 34; sub. ; abs. w'n'd since Aug. 10, '64. 412 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Smith, Thos. C, priv, (— ), Dec. 14, '63 ; 41 ; transf. to 1st Co. S.S. ; M.O. June 30, '65. Smith, Thos. H, priv, (H), Nov. 20, '61 ; 40 ; killed in action June 30, '62, White Oak Swamp, Va. Smith, Timothy, priv, (E), July 25, '61 ; 30 ; deserted Aug. 20, '61. Smith, Wm, priv, (F), July 25, '61; 29; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Smith, Wm, priv, (— ),Dec.4, '62; 21; N.F.R. Smith, Wm, priv, (— ), Aug. 3, '63; 22; sub. Zelotus Rogers. Smith, Wm, priv, (I), May 10, '64; 38; sub. Francis Baker; M.O. June 30, '65. Smith, Wm, 1st, priv, (— ), Aug. 3, '63; 22; sub. Albert Tirrell; N.F.R. Smith, Wm, 1st, priv, (K), May 13, '64; 19; sub. J. H. Stebbins; M.O. June 30, '65. Smith, Wm, 2nd, priv, (K), Dec. 30, '64; 20; M.O. June 30, '65. Smith, Wm, 2nd, priv, (D), July 25, '63; 22; sub. S. M. Shapleigh; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Smith, Wm. G, priv, (C), July 6, '61; 26; disch. disa. Jan. 5, '63; see also V.R.C. Smithers, James, priv, (D), May 13, '64; 22; sub. W. C Hall; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; N.F.R. Smedley, John A, priv, (— ), Aug. 19, '61; 18; see Co. D 17th Mass. Snee, Henan, priv, (— ), Jan. 9, '65; 26; N.F.R. Snellen, Joseph W, sergt, (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 35; w'n'd July 3, '63; disch. disa. Apr. 15, '64. Snellen, Samuel G, priv, (G), July 25, '61 ; 28; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Snider, Chas, priv, (— ), July 31, '63; 22; sub.; N.F.R. Snow, James H, priv, (H), Dec. 7, '61; 18; disch. in Co. B Jan. 13, '63 to re-en. in 5th U.S. Art'y. Snow, Richard D, priv, (H), Dec. 7, '61 ; 18; disch. disa. in Co. B Feb. 4, '63. Sommarwell, Chas, priv, (— ), Dec. 24, '62; 28; N.F.R. Somers, Frank, priv, (H), June 1, '64; 35; sub. J. F. Powers; died Nov. 17, '64, Anderson ville, Ga. Soper, Augustus E, priv, (H), Dec. 7, '61;20;re-en. Dec.21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Soper, Jeremiah, priv, (H), Dec. 3, '61 ; 43 ; disch. disa. Feb. 11, '63 ; see also V.R.C. Spates, Joseph G, priv, (—), Aug. 5, '61 ; 22 ;see Co. A 17th Mass. ; did not serve in 19th ; deserter from 17th. Spear, Emery, priv, (H), Aug. 19, '61; 18; N.F.R. Spence, David, priv, (D), May 28, '64 ; 30 ; sub. ; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Spinney, James W, priv, (A), May 21, '64; 18; pris. from June 22, '64, to May 8, '65; disch, June 16, '65. Spofford, Edwin F, priv, band, Sept. 9, '61 ; 24; disch. Nov. 24, '61. . Spofford, John A, band master, Aug. 31, '61; 34; disch. Nov. 22, '61 S.O. 139 Headqr s A of P '61 at Camp Benton, near Poolesville, Md. Spofford, DanielW, priv, (A), Aug. 10, '61; 26; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; M.O. Aug. 28, 64. Spoor, Albert E, priv, (I), July 26, '61; 21; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Stacy, J. Newton, priv, (A), July 26, '61 ; 10 ; died Feb. 5, '63, Windmill Pt. Hosp. of disease. Standish, Ben, priv, (— ), Apr. 0, '64; 28; N.F.R. Stanley, Edwin P, priv, (H), Dec. 10, '61 ; 18 ; disch. disa. Apr. 18, '63 Stanley, Isaac N, priv, (F), Feb. 5, '62; 27; disch. Hosp. Alexandria, Va, May 28, 62 for Stanley?Thos, priv, (D), May 25, '64 ; 24 ; sub. F. F. Stone ; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Stannett, Edward, priv, (— ), Dec. 10, '62 ; 21 ; N.F.R. Stanton, Edward, Corp., (E), July 25/61 ; 10; deserted as "Fleming" Aug. 28, 61. Stanton, Thomas M., priv, (— ), Mar. 22/64; 27; N.F.R. Stanwood, Joseph, mus, (D), Aug. 24/61; 58; N.F.R. Stanwood, Moses P, capt, (A), July 26, '61; 39; resigned Oct. 21/61. dtonlon Seth M priv, (—), Apr. 4/64; 18; disch. disa. Apr. 21/64. Sta£d, John D. pri^XKJ, Sept. 3, '61 ; 21 ; shot by sentence Court Martial, Spottsylvania, May 21/64. Starkweather, James, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 42; M.O. Aug. 18, '64 ROSTER. 413 Stearns, Wm, priv, (G), May 14, '64; 34; sub. S. F. Dier; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; N.F.R. Steele, John H, priv, (C), Feb. 13, '62; ig; w'n'd July 3, '63; re-en. Dec. 21, '63;M.O.June 30, '65. - Steele, Simon S, priv, ( — ), Mar. 5, '62 ; 35 ; deserted ; never joined for duty. Steimle, Theodore, priv, (G), Nov. 17, '64; 18; M.O. June 30, '65 as mus. Steimle, Wm, priv, (E), Feb. 15, '65; 22; M.O. June 30, '65. Stenford, Joseph, priv, (— ), Dec. 10, '62; 23; N.F.R. Stephens, Robert W, priv, band, Sept. 3, '61; 20; disch. Nov. 17, '61. Stephenson, Geo, priv, ( — ), Apr. 13, '64; 35; transf. to Navy Apr. 23, '64. Stewart, Chas. H, priv, (A), Aug. 10, '61; 23; disch. disa. May 28, '62. Stevens, Austin, priv, (F), May 14, '64; 33; drafted; pris. since June 22, '64; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. Stevens, Benj, priv, (C), July 26, '61 ; 18; killed in action June 30, '62, Glendale, Va. Stevens, Chas. M, priv, (B), Aug. 10, '61; 42; N.F.R. Stevens, Geo. priv, (— ), Dec. 4, '62; 21; N.F.R. Stevens, Geo. H, priv, (H), Aug. 20, '61; 18; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Co. I Feb. 24, '63. Stevens, James, priv, (I), June 10, '64; 24; sub. Isaac Stevens; died of w'nds Sept. 10, '64 in camp. Steward, Wm, mus, (F), Aug. 15, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30/65; abs. sick; disch. July 10, '65. Stillman, Peter, priv, (A), July 26, '61; 25; w'n'd June 3, '64; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; disch. July 24, '65. Stone, Benj. A, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 21; died June 2g, '62, near Fair Oaks, Va. Stone, John, priv, ( — ), Aug. 3, '63; 20; sub. Edward C. Gardner; N.F.R. Stone, Samuel J, priv, (H), Dec. 5, '61; 24; disch. Dec. 20, '62. Stone, Thos, priv, (C), Mar. 24, '64; 21 ; abs. sick since Jan. 15, '65; N.F.R. Stone, Warren L, priv, (— ), Feb. 16, '65; 20; M.O. June 30, '65. Stone, Wm, priv, (H), Aug. 28, '61; 35; N.F.R. Stone, Wm, priv, (C), Aug. 23, '61 ; 10 ; w'n 'd June 30, '62 ; Sept. 17, '62, July 3, '63 ; transf- to V.R.C. July 28,/63; 2nd Lieut, in V.R.C. Aug. 23, '63. Stone, Wm. A, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 22; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Stone, Vertulan R, ass't surg, (F and G), Nov. 6, '62; disch. May 11, '63. Strange, James, priv, (B), Apr. 24, '62; 21; w'n'd May 10, '64; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; disch. for insanity June 5, '65; abs. w'n'd alias Thos. J. Shaw. Stringer, Thos, priv, (B), Feb. 10, '64; 23; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. pris. from June 22, '64, to Apr. 28, '65; disch. July 7, '65. Strickland, Wm, priv, (— ), Dec. 8, '62; 21; N.F.R. Stuart, Alonzo E, priv, (F), Apr. 8, '64; 21 ; abs. pris. since May 6, '64. Suchester, Edward, priv, (E), Feb. 15, '65; 40; M.O. June 30, '65. Sullin, Daniel, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 35; deserted in Co. C May 3, '63 while on 10 days' furlough. Sullivan, Daniel, priv, (— ), June 2, '64; 36; sub. H. L. Ashley ; N.F.R. Sullivan, Humphrey O, priv, (F), Aug. 1, '61; 20; re-en. Mar. 7, '64; deserted Apr. 11, '64; see O'Sullivan. Sullivan, James, priv, (— ), Aug. 1, '63; 21; sub. J. A. Whitney; N.F.R.; Sullivan, James M, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 38; disch. disa. Dec. 11, '61. Sullivan, Jeremiah, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 37; disch. disa. Jan. 29, '62 as of Co. I. Sullivan. Jeremiah O, corp, (E), July 25, '61; 22; died July 20, '62, Harrisburg Landing, Va. Sullivan, John, priv, (K), Sept. 16, '61; 21 ; w'n'd June 25, '62; disch. Oct. 12, '62; see Co. A 24th and V.R.C. July 30, '63. Sullivan, Marcus M, priv, ( K), Aug. 13, '61 ; 22 ; deserted May — , '62 at Yorktown, Vo . Sullivan, Michael, sergt, (E), July 25, '61; 25; disch. disa. Apr. 9, '63 as priv. Sullivan, Michael H, priv, (F), Aug. 1, '61; 32; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; deserted July 1, '63 at Tarrytown, N.Y. 414 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Sullivan, Patrick J, priv., (G), Aug. 23, '61; 19; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; transf. to V.R.C. July 27, '63; disch. from Co. A 9th regt. V.R.C. Sept. 1, '64. Sullivan, Richard, priv, (G), Jan. 10, '65; 18; M.O. June 30, '65; disch. July 19, '65. Supree, Joseph, priv, (B), May 13, '64; 19; sub. R. H. Eldridge; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; N.F.R. Swallow, Richard, priv, (I), Feb. 3, '65; 23; N.F.R. Swan, Geo. W, priv, (— ), Aug.l8/62;26;disch.May22/63;unassigned;seeF8thregt.3mos. U.S.Na„vy L. 3 H.H. Sweeney, James, priv, ( — ), Aug. 4, '63; 18; sub.; N.F.R. Sweeney, Michael, priv, (B), May 21, '64; 25; sub. abs. pris. since June 22, '64; N.F.R. Sweetzer, Thos. A, priv, (I), July 26, '61; 23; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Mar. 19, '63 Swenson, John, priv, (B), Dec. 28, '64; 25; disch. Aug. 7, '65. Sylvester, Samuel, priv, (A), July 26, '61 ; 50 ; disch. disa. Apr. 20, '62. Symonds, Geo. B, priv, (H), Oct, 27, '61 ; 21 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; pris. from June 22, '64, to May 17, '65; M.O. June 30, '65. Tabor, Wm. R, priv, ( — ), Aug. 24, '61 ; 20; N.M. ; no service. Taggard, David, priv, (F), Aug. — , '61; 38; transf. to V.R.C. Apr. 5, '64; disch. Apr. 7/ 64. Taft, Benj. F, assist. 1st sergt. (F and G), Aug. 22, '62; transf. to 20th regt. ; resigned Mar. 14, '63. Tappan, Abraham, priv, (F), Aug. 4, '61 ; 45 ; disch. disa. Dec. 13, '62 at Washington, D.C. by Gen. Martindale. Tappan, Wm. S, priv, (F), Aug. 24, '61; 19; M.O. Aug. 28, '64 in Co. I. Tareno, Sareno, priv, (H), Dec. 17, '61 ; 22 ; disch. disa. Sept. 19, '62. Tarr, John F, sergt, (C), July 26, '61; 32; disch. disa. May 16, '62; see also V.R.C. Taunt, Loring, priv, (K), Feb. 24, '64; 30; pris. since June 22, '64; died Sept. 7, '64, Ander sonville; see Co. D 4th, 0 mos. Taylor, Chas, priv, (— ), Dec. 0, '62; 21 ; N.F.R. Teadley, Daniel, priv, (H), Aug. 22, '61; 27; w'n'd June 30, '62, May 10, '64; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65 as 1st sergt. Teal, Geo. E, priv, (H), Aug. 26, '61; 18; M.O. Aug. 28, '64. Temple, Chas. M, priv, (H), Aug. 20, '61; 21; disch. disa. Oct. 28, '61. Temple, Geo. L, priv, (H), Aug. 20, '61; 18; deserted from Co. I Apr. 24, '64 in violation art. of war 22 ; transf. to Co. I 20th ; is considered by war dept. a deserter from 20th ; see also Co. I 5 regt, 0 mos. Temple, Henry M, priv, (H), Aug. 20, '61 ; 17 ; deserted '62. Temple, Marshall H, priv, (H), Aug. 20, '61 ; 43 ; disch. disa. Oct. 28, '61.__ Temple, Napoleon B. M, priv, (D), Sept. 3, '61; 24; M.O. in Co. D Sept. 10, '64 to date Sept. 2, '64. Tenny, James S, priv, (— ), May 13, '64; 37; drafted; N.F.R. Thomas, Chas, priv, (B), Jan. 6, '65; 27; M.O. June 30, '65. Thomas, Eben, priv, (K), Aug. 4, '63; 22; sub. J. M. Stearns; deserted Sept, 13, '63. Thomas, Geo. P, priv, (H), Dec. 7, '61 ; 18; disch. disa. Oct. 31, '63 by military commander at Boston. . , Thomas, James, priv, (B), Dec. 3, '62 ; 23 ; died Oct. 13, '62, Point Lookout, Md. Thomas, James, priv, (H), Jan. 5, '65; 24; M.O. June 30, '65. Thomas, Samuel, priv, (C), Aug. 1, '63; 22; sub. E. A. Crandall; deserted Sept. 2, 63 at Morrisville, Va. Thomas, Terence, priv, (B), Feb. 19, '64; 10; abs. pris.; N.F.R.; no evidence of death or discharge on file. Thompson, Chas. priv, (F), Nov. 17, '65; 30; M. O. at Munson's Hill, Va, '«"»-«¦ Thompson, Edward C, priv, (K), Mar. 26, '64; 18; disch. June 7, '65 while a patient in U.S. Gen Hosp, Fort. Monroe, Va. Thompson, Geo. W, priv, (H), Dec. 7, '61; 18; w'n'd June 30, '62; lost arm; disch. d>sa Apr. 8, '63. ROSTER. 415 Thompson, James, priv, ( — ), Dec. 4, '61; 18; N.F.R. Thompson, James, priv, ( — ), Mar. 26, '64; 38; disch. disa. Apr. 15, '64. Thompson, John B, priv, (F), Aug. 1, '61; 20; killed in action June 3, '64. Thompson, John W, priv, (B), Sept. 10, '61 ; 38 ; w'n'd June 25, '62 ; died Sept. 17, '62, of dis ease at hosp. Fort Ellsworth. Thompson, Milton D, priv, (C), Mar. 23, '64 ; 29 ; died Oct. 9, '64, Florence, S. C. Thompson, Richard, priv, (K), Feb. 17, '64 ; 24 ; absent wounded ; N F. R. Thorndyke, Albert, 1st lieut, (H), com'd Oct. 25, '61; 24; w'n'd Sept. 17, 62, resigned Nov. 10/62. Thornton, James, priv, (F), Dec. 20, '64; 23; M. O. June 30, '65. Tibbetts, Chas. W, priv, (C), Aug. 17, '61 ; 21 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63 ; M. O. June 30, '65. Tibbets, John, L, priv, (C), Aug. 7, '61 ; 39 ; w'n'd June 25, '62; disch. disk. Apr. 23, '63. Tibbetts, Wm. H, corp, (G), Aug. 23, '61 ; 19; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; killed in action Feb. 5, '65. Tidd, Geo. A, priv, (C), July 26, '61 ; 21 ; disch. disa. Feb. 5, '63. Tierinan, Mark, priv, (F), Aug. 8, '61 ; 27 ; disch. disa. Apr. 10, '63. Tighe, Matthew, priv, (I), Aug. 23, '61 ; 18 ; M. O. Aug. 28, '64. Tilton, Warren, sergt, (A), July 26, '61 ; 31 ; disch. disa. Nov. 23, '63. Tirrell, Nathaniel H, priv, (H), May 14, '64; 32 ; drafted ; M. O. June 30, '65. Tirrell, Wm, priv, (H), Dec. 7, '61 ; 18; w'n'd Dec. 13, '62 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63 ; trans, to K Co.; M. O. June 30, '65, as corp. Todd, Jos. S, capt,(C), July 26, '61 ; 33 ; resigned March 20, '62. Tolman, Augustus P., priv, (K), Aug. 13/61; 2l7killed in action June 30/62, White Oak Swamp, Va. Toomey, Michael, priv,( — ), May 10, '64 ;24; sub. W. G. Prescott ; abs. pris. June 22, '64 ; N.F.R . Torrey, A. Dana, priv, ( — ), July 26, '61; 28; disch. disa. Apr. 6. '62. Townley, Wm, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 19; disch. disa. Dec. 31, '61. Tourtelotte, Azro M, priv, (H), May 19, '64; 25; drafted; M.O. June 30, '65. Towle, John, priv, (F), Aug. 26, '61 ; 44 ; transf. to V.R.C. Sept. 17, '63 ; disch. Aug. 28, '64. Trapp, Chas, priv, (A), Aug. 3, '63; 23; sub. Ahirah Kelly, Jr.; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Trask, Edward, priv, (A), Mar. 26, '64; 18; disch. June 17, '65. Trask, Geo. L, priv, (H), Nov. 20, '61 ; 18; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Mar. 20, '63. Trask, Levi, priv, (H), Nov. 20, '61; 44; disch. disa. Apr. 18, '63. Trelawney, Tanjoure, priv, (C), May 25, '64; 38; sub. Albert Thatcher; pris; captured June 22, '64, Jerusalem Plank Road; N.F.R. Trembo, Christopher, priv, ( — ), Aug. 3, '63; 40; sub. Newell J. Winslow; N.F.R. .Tuck, Benj. F, priv, (H), Dec. 0, '61 ; 20 ; disch. disa. May 21, '62; see Co. D 2nd Cav. ' Tucker, Clarence J, priv, (— ),Aug.28, '61 18; killed Sept. 17, '62, Antietam, Md. Tucker, Wm. J, priv, (H), Aug. 24, '61; 18; killed in action Sept. 17, '62, Antietam, Md. Tucker, Henry M, priv, (B), Aug. 26, '61 ; 10 ; disch. disa. June 15, '63. Tufts, Franklin, priv, (F), July 5, '61 ; 32; M.O. Aug. 20, '64 21st V.R.C. to which transf. Turner, Frederick, priv, (F), Mar. 31, '62; 19; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Mar. 12, '63; re-en. in Co. B, 56th. Turner, Nathan, priv, band, Sept. 19, '61; 28; see regular army band; M.O. Aug. 8, '62. Tuson, Wm, corp, (A), July 26, '61; 19; disch. disa. Jan. 19, '63. Tuttle, Ephraim, priv, (E), June 13, '64; 31; sub. J. A. Carter; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; N.F.R. Tuttle, Daniel G, priv, (B), July 26, '61; 32; deserted • '62 ; date not given. Tuttle, John, priv, ( — ) , Aug. 3, '63 ; 21 ; sub . Barzellai Bldridge ; N.F.R. Tuttle, Thos. W, priv, (I), July 1, '61 ; 18; killed in action July 3, '63, Gettysburg, Pa. Tuttle, Simeon, priv, (C), Nov, 14 '64; 35; disch. June 19, '65. Twiss, David, priv, (H), Dec. 5, '61; 22; M.O. Dec. 9, '64 expir. term. Twitchell, John, priv, (— ), Apr. 12, '64; 21; N.F.R. Tyler, John, priv, (K), Aug. 1, '63; 21; sub. John H. Gallan; M.O. with Co. Aug. 1, '64 as of Co. K 20 Mass. Vols, to which transf. 416 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. VanAmmon, Bernard, priv, (B), May 19, '64; 25; sub.; abs. pris. not since heard from. Vance, Matt, priv, (I), May 31, '64; 27; sub. G. R. Armes; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Varney, James, priv, (H), Nov. 1, '61 ; 18; never joined; not on pay roll. Velter, Andreas, priv, (B), Jan. 6, '64; 25; N.F.R. Very, John, priv, (H), Nov. 1, '61; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; w'n'd May 7, '64; M.O. June 30, '65. Very, Joshua, priv, (H), Nov. 1, '61 ; 28; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; taken pris. June 22, '64; M.O. June 30, '65 ; abs. pris. Viall, Samuel E, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61 ; 21 ; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62, July 3, '63; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; died of w'nds May 24, '64, regt. Hosp. Vierbucher, Wm, priv, (H), Nov. 26, '64; 26; M.O. June 30, '65. Vritton, Andrew, priv, (H), Aug. 28/61; 18; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. in Co. I Dec. 16, '62. VonVueschan, Hugo, priv, (K), Aug. 3, '63; 30; sub. Chas. Prior; M.O. June 30, '65. Wadleigh, Wm. G, priv, (C), Sept. 10, '61 ; 20 ; disch. disa. July 1, '62. Wagoner, Hiram, priv, (H), Nov. 26/61; 33; disch. disa. Feb. 12, '63 by order Gen. Couch at Falmouth, Va. Wakefield, Wm. H, priv, (F), Aug. 12, '61 ; 25; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Walcott, Chas. O, priv, (K), Nov. 2, '62; 26; transf. from 1st Co. S.S.; abs. w'n'd since May 30, '64. Waldeck, Louis, pris, (G), Aug. 4, '63 ; 25 ; sub. F. Waterman ; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Walden, Nathan, priv, (D), July 25, '61; 34; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Waldron, John, priv, (E), July 26, '61 ; 24; disch. disa. Dec. 13, '61. Waldron, John F, priv, ( — ), May 11, '64; 29; rejected May 27, '64. Walker, Arthur, priv, (H), May 17, '64; 20 ; drafted ; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. pris. since June 22, '64. Walker, Hugh, priv, (F), Aug. 6, '61 ; 19 ; never joined for duty. Walker, Irving E, priv, (A), Mar. 28, '64; 24; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; not heard from since. Walker, Stewart/priv, (— ), Feb. 16, '64; 44; rejected Feb. 17, '64. Walker, Wm, mus, (H), Aug. 12, '61; 17; disch. disa. Feb. 4, '63 in Co. D. Wallace, Benj. F, priv, (F), Jan. 25, '62; 22; disch. disa. June 12, '63. Wallace, James, priv, (H), Apr. 12, '64; 36; M.O. June 30, '65. Wallace, John,-priv, (— ), Dec. 19, '62; 21; N.F.R. Wallace, Patrick, priv, (E), July 25, '61; 19; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62 ; disch. disa. Dec. 3, '62. Wallace, Peter, priv, (B), Mar. 26, '62 ; 33 ; killed in action Dec. 11, '62, Fredericksburg, Va^ Wallace, Wm, priv, (E), Mar. 21, '62; 24; deserted Apr. 24, '62, New York. Walls, Thos, priv, (— ), Aug. 13, '61; 19; N.M. Walter, Henry, priv, (— ), July 29, '63; 29; sub. Josiah Randall; N.F.R. . Walther, Geo., priv, (K), Sept. '61; 19; deserted Mar. 26/63 at Falmouth while on 10 days Walton, Augustus L, priv, band, Sept. 3, '61 ; 28; M.O. Aug. 8, '62; see Uth Batt. 3 yrs. for 2nd enlistment. Walton, John, priv, (— ) , Dec. 10, '62 ; 21 ; N.F.R. Ward, Chas. W, priv, (— ),Feb.7, '65; 21; disch. disa. Feb. 20, '65;rejected Ward, Samuel J, priv, (F), Aug. 8, '61; 44; disch..disa. Jan. 2, '62. Wardwell, Geo, priv, (A), Aug. 20, '61 ; 21 ; deserted Sept. 16, '62. Warner, Abraham, priv, (D), Feb. 13, '62; 28; died Nov. 23, '64, Andersonville, Ga_ Warner, Chas. B, 2nd lieut, (H), Nov. 21, '61 ; 26; killed in action June 25, 62, Fair Caks Va Warner' Geo L, priv, (H), Dec. 9, '61 ; 28; died Oct. 18, '62 at Bolivar, Va. Warner! Wm. H, priv, (K), Nov. 21, '62; 22; transf. from 1st Co. S.S.; disch. exprr. of term Wassail D.', capt, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 28; w'n'd June 30, '62, July 3, '63, Oct. 14, '631 M.O. July 28, '64; disch. as Major to accept promotion Oct. 1, bJ. ROSTER. 417 Waters, Horace, priv, ( — ), Dec. 4, '62; 36; N.F.R. Waters, Thos, priv, (— ) , July 2g, '63; 37; sub. B. F. Dewing. Waters, Thos, priv, (G), Aug. 1, '63; 33; sub.;'transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Watkins, Samuel K, priv, (C), Aug. 27, '61 ; 18 ; deserted July 25, '62. Watkins, Wm. B, priv, (D), July 25, '61; 32; deserted May 3 as "William D." while on 10 days' furlough. Watson, Chas, priv, (G), May 13, '64; 23; sub. J. H. Hunt ; died Jan. 16, '64, Salisbury, N.C. Watts, Benj .S, priv, (G), Oct. 10, '61; 34; disch. disa. Feb. 16, '63. Weichert, Chas. A, priv, (K), Jan. 24, '65; 21; M.O. June 30, '65; disch. as 1st sergt. Mar. 15/64 for promotion; re-en. Dec. 21, '63. Welch, Chas. P, priv, (G), Aug. 19, '61; 22; disch. Nov. 10, '62 at Harrisburg, Pa. to enlist in Co. E 2nd Batt. 15 U.S. Inf. for unexpir. term of regt. and disch. Feb. 10, '64 to enlist at Chattanooga, Tenn. ; re-en. Feb. 16, '64 and disch. Feb. 16, '67 as corp. Co. E 24 U. S. Inf. Welch, James, priv, ( — ), Aug. 15/61; 28; N.M. Welch, James, priv, (H), Aug. 20, '61; 30; deserted Aug. 22, '61. Welch, Michael, priv, ( — ), Aug. 3, '63; 21; sub.; N.F.R. Welch, Thos, priv, (F), Aug. 19, '61 ; 22 ; killed in action June 30, '62, White Oak Swamp, Va. Welch, Thos, priv, (— ), Aug. 16, '61 ; 21 ; N.M. Welch, Thos, priv, (A)i June 13, '64, 25; sub.; N.F.R. Wellman, Chas. B, priv, (K), Mar. 9, '64; 19; M.O. June 30, '65. Wellock, Chas. H, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 26; dismissed Mar. 18, '63. Wells, Jeremiah, Y, priv, (H), Dec. 2/61; 34; died of w'nds July 21, '63 received at Gettys burg, Pa. Wells, Jonathan, corp, (B), July 26, '61 ; 40 ; disch. disa. Mar. 31, '63 as ' 'John/ 'priv. Wells, John J, sergt, (B), July 26, '61; 27; priv.; disch. disa. Jan. 6, '64. Welsh, John, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61 ; 21 ; M.O. as sergt. Co. B July 27, '64. Wentworth, Geo. W, priv, (K), Sept. — , '61; 24; disch. disa. Aug. 13, '63. Wentworth, Frank D, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61 ; 29 ; dropped from rolls Oct. 13, '62 at Bolivar, Va. West, Chas, priv, (D), July 25, '61; 30; died Apr. 6, '62 at Poolesville, Md. West, Chas. E, priv, (K), Mar. 23, '64; 15; M.O. June 30, '65; disch. from Co. F. 14th V.R.C. July 29, '65. Weston, Henry G, priv, band, Sept. 17, '61; 17; disch. Dec. 31/61, 5th g mos. band U.S.A. Weston, Ira, wag, (D), July 5, '61; 2g; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Westacott, Lewis, corp, (F), Aug. 23, '61 ; 23 ; priv. ; killed in action June 30, '62, White Oak Swamp, Va. Westacott, Richard, priv, (F), Aug. 23, '61; 23; died of w'nds Dec. 30, '62, Stanton Hosp. Wetzler, Herman, priv, (A), May 6, '64; 25; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; not heard from since. Weymouth, Harrison G. O, capt, (G), July 25, '61 ; 21 ; hon. disch. disa. Apr. 4, '63 ; lost leg, Fredericksburg. Whalan, Thos. priv, (B), May 10, '64; 22; sub. Barney Tisdale; abs. pris. Wheeler, Alfred, Jr., priv, (B), July 26, '61 ; 23; disch. disa. Nov. 29, '62; see V.R.C. Wheeler, Geo, priv, (I), May 13, '64; 21 ; sub. S. W. Dickenson; M.O. June 30, '65; abs. pris. June 22, '64. Wheeler, Henry, priv, (I), May 2, '64; 21 ; M.O. June 30, '65. Wheeler, Wm. H, priv, (I), July 11, '63; 21; M.O. June 30, '65. Wheeling, John, priv, (G), Aug. 4, '63; 21; sub. F. B. Bridgeman ; transf . to 20 M.V. Jan. 14. '64. Wheelock, Henry L, priv, (K), Oct. 10, '62 ; 20 ; reported transf. to 1st Co. S.S. Dec. 15, '64 ; M.O. Boston Nov. 10, '64 to date Sept. 3, '64 ; never served in 10th. White, Anton, priv, (G), Jan. 0, '65; 24; M.O. June 30, '65. White, Geo. R, priv, (G), Aug. 10, '61; 21 ; killed in action June 30, '62, White Oak Swamp, Va. 418 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. White, John E, priv, ( — ), Mar. 17, '62; 22; deserted ; never joined for duty. White. Henry, priv, ( — ), Aug. 1, '62; 31; sub. James Smith. White, John A, priv, (G), Aug. 19, '61; 19; disch. disa. July 31, '62. White, John H, priv, (E), July 25, '61 ; 24; disch. disa. Oct. 21, ,'62. White, Joseph A, priv, (G), Aug. 3, '63; 42; sub. John Kimball; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64; died Mar. 11, '64, Washington, D.C. ' White, John J, priv, (C), July 26, '61; 33; N.F.R.; see Co. A 11 Mass. Inf. White, N. A, priv, (— ), Aug. 19, '61; 23; N.M.; see Co. K 33 regt. White, Wm, priv, (G), Aug. 4, '63; 29; sub. Henry J. DunStion; transf. to 20 M.V. Jan. 14, '64. Whitelaw, Wm, priv, ( — ), June 13, '64; 23; sub. C Shepperd; N.F.R. Whitney, Walter H, priv, (— ), July 30, '61 ; 21 ; N.F.R, Whittemore, Wm. H, priv, (D), Aug. 6, '61; 27; disch. aisa. Oct. 9', '62; see U.S.N, book 25. Whitten, Benj. E, priv, (C), Sept. 1, '62; 27; w'n'd June 13, '62; M.O. June 30, '65. Wiggin, James B, priv, ( — ), Aug. 13, '61 ; 23 ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63 ; died June 3, '65, Tamworth, N. H. ¦; Wildes, John, priv, (C), July 26, '61; 19; died Nov. 5, '62, Washington, D. C. Wiley, Moses, priv, (C), Aug. 25, '61; 26; disch. disa. Aug. — , '62. Willard, Josiah N, assist, surg, (F and G), Aug. 3, '61 ; 25; surg. 1st N.H. Nov. 10, '62. Willard, Persony S, priv, (G), Mar. 20, 64; 39; pris. of war since June 22, '64; "Willard L Pearson7* Williams, Cornelius F, priv, (D), Aug. 19, '61 ; 18; disch. disa. Oct. 9, '62. Williams, Edward, priv, (K), Aug. 8, '62; 40; w'n'd May 12, '64; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Williams, Frank, priv, (G), May 14, '64; 21; sub. L. N. Lloyd; pris. since June 22, '64; not since heard from. Williams, Geo, priv, (— ), Dec. 1/62; 24; N.F.R. Williams, Geo, priv, (— ), Aug. 3, '63; 24; sub. Henry Clark; N.F.R. Williams, James, priv, (I), Aug. 31, '64; 25; abs. pris. since Oct. 27, '64; N.F.R. Williams, John, priv, (— ), Aug. 3, '63; 35; sub.; N.F.R. Williams, John, 1st, priv, (G), Aug. 3/63; 31; sub. C. C. Rogers; deserted Aug. 16, '63 at Morrisville, Va. Williams, John, 2nd priv, (I), Jan. 26/64; 23; deserted ;jan. 9, '65 from camp, Munson's Hill, Vat Williams, John A, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 18; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; transf. to V.R.C; N.F.R. Williams, John F, priv, (— ), July 31, '62; 21; sub.; N.F.R. Williams, Patrick, priv, (— ), July 31, '63; 23; sub.; N.F.R. Williams, Robert, priv, (K), Aug. 13, '61; 25; w'n'd June 30, '62; transf. to V.R.C; disch. Aug. 28, '64. Williams, Robert, priv, (— ), Apr. 14, '64; 25; N.F.R. Williams, William, priv, (C), Jan. 18, '65; 25; M.O. June 30, '65. Williston, Walter C, priv, (I), Aug. 20, '61 ; 18 ; w 'n 'd Deo. 13, '62 ; disch, disa. Mar. 14, '63. Wilmot, Benj, priv, (— ), Mar. 23, '64; 22; N.F.R. Wilmot, John H, priv, (E), Feb. 9, '65;23;M.O. June30, '65. Wuson, Alexander, priv, (-), May 14, '64; 18; sub. A. W. Wilson. Wilson, Chas, priv, (-), July 21, '62 ; 21 ; sub. William Maxim. Wilson, Conrad, priv, (C), May 25, '64; 29; sub. N. B. Snow; pris. smce June 22, 64; cap tured Jerusalem Plank Road; N.F.R. Wilson, Geo, priv, (-), Feb. 17, '64; 23; N.F.R. Wilson Jfimes, priv., (I), May 19, '64;37;sub. James Tucker; abs. pris. smce June22, 64. Wilson! James H, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61 ; 18; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Wilson, John, priv, (H), May 19, '64; 40; sub.; abs. pris. since June 22, '64; not heard from since. Wilson, Thos, priv, (-), Dec. 30, '62 ; 26; N.M Wilson, Wm, priv, (B), Feb. 26, '62; 24; M.O. June 30, '65. WUson, Wm, priv, (C), Nov. 15, '64; 19; M.O. June 30, '65. ROSTER. 419 Wilson, Wm. H, capt, (H), July 26, '61 ; 25 ; resigned Nov. 14, '61. Winslow, Ezra D, chap, (F and G), Dec. 1, '61 ; disch. disa. Dec. 12, '62. Winthrop, Thos. F, priv, (A), July 26, '61 ; ig ; M.O. as 1st Lieut. Oct. g, '64. Wolff, Sedliz, priv, (G), Aug. 3, '63; 21; sub. M. R. Pollard, Jr., deserted Aug. 16, '63 at Morrisville, Va. Wood, Benj. F, priv, ( — ), Jan. 2, '65; 18; died Feb. 11, '65 in Hosp. Wood, Geo, priv, (G), July 27, '63; 31; drafted; transf. to V.R.C. Sept. 3, '63; disch. from Co. C 18 V.R.C July 26, '65. Wood, John, priv, ( — ), De'd. 2, '62; 23; N.F.R. Wood, John, priv, (— ), Dec. 5, '62; 22; N.F.R. Wood, John H, priv, (— ), Aug. 23, '61; 18; N.M. Woodden, Wm, priv, (— ), Dec. 2, '62; 21 ; N.F.R. Woodman, Geo, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61 ; 18; disch. Feb. 5, '64; see V.R.C. Woodman, Wm, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61 ; 27 ; dropped Oct. 13, '62. Woodruff, Aaron, priv, (H), June 24, '65; 32JM.O. June 30, '65. Woodruff, James F, priv, (K), Jan. 14, '64; 27; w'n'd; transf. 1st Co. S.S. ; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Wooflmdale, Levi, priv, (G), Aug. 23, '61; 20; w'n'd S#pt. 17, '62; re-en. Dec. 21, '63;pris. June 22, '64; died Florence, S. C prison; date unknown. Wright, Chas. H, priv, (H), Aug. 27, '61; 20; w'n'd June 30, '62; disch. disa. Feb. 4, '63. Wright, Geo, priv, (E), July 25, '61;40;disch. for w'nds]Mar. 23, '63. Wright, Thos, priv, (K), May 10, '64; 21; sub. N. Johnson; deserted Mar. 1, '64 while on furlough. Wright, Wm, priv, (H), Aug. 27, '61 ; 21 ; killed in action Co. D Sept. 17, '62. Wright, Wm, priv, (D), Aug. 10, '62; 42; disch. disa. Mar. 2, '63. Wszelaki, Albert, priv, (A), Mar. 25, '64; 22; pris. from June 22, '64, to Apr. 8, '65; disch. July 20, '65. York, Alfred J, priv, (D), Feb. 10, '62; 10; disch. disa. Oct. 24, '62 ; see A 4th Cav. Young, Chas. F, priv, (— ), Apr. 4, '64; 28; N.F.R. Young, John, priv, ( — ), Aug. 1, '63; 23; sub. P. G. Ward; N.F.R. Young, Joseph A, priv, (K), Oct. 20, '62; 36; transf. from 1st Co. S.S.; disch. Sept. 2, '64 as of 1st Co. S.S. (per disch. paper) probably did not serve in 10th. Young, Wm, priv, (D), July 25, '61 ; 28; died of w'nds July 7, '63, Fredericksburg, Va. Young, Wm, corp, (A), July 26, '61; 33; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; disch. disa. Mar. 10, '63. Younger, Morris Bell, priv, ( — ), Aug. 12, '61; 10; see Co. G 17 Mass.; did not serve in 10th. Younger, Stephen J, priv, (H), Dec. 1, '61; 18; w'n'd Sept. 17, '62; re-en. Dec. 21, '63; M.O. June 30, '65. Zeh, Christian, priv, (E), Feb. 18, '65; 38; M.O. June 30.V65. Zimmerman, Frederick, priv, (G), June 5, '65; 23; M.O. June 30, '65, INDEX. PAGE Abbott, Charles P 152, 192, 201 Abbott, H.JL, Major 301 Abraham, Charles, , 291 Achason, Johnson 248, 286 Adams, Benjamin F 329, 348 Adams, Isaac N, 143 Adams, J. G. B, 98, 111, 114, 116, 130, 142, 152, 176, 180, 181, 182, 193, 197, 201, 216, 232, 249, 258, 262, 282, 299, 309, 326, 332, 334, 356, 365 Adams, Sanford B 340 Anderson, John W 249 Anderson, William 330 Andersonville Prison 337 Andrews, Charles E, 107 Andrew, Gov. John A 1, 6, 8, 79, 111, 112, 121, 148, 199, 246 Andrews, Reuben 104 Andrews, William A 107 Andrew Sharpshooters 21, 30, 32, 33, 34, 60, 270, 300, 319, 353 Angle, The Bloody 307, 308 Antietam, Md 126 Antietam, Md, Battle of 133-146 Antietam Creek, Md 130 Aldie Gap, 215 Alley, Charles A 285 Allen, George W 186 Allen, Henry M, 330 Allen, James 286 Allen, John, : 340 Alexandria, Va 120 Allen's Farm 98 Arnold, Marcus P 353 Armitage, Stephen ^ 163, 248 Armstrong, Hugh 293 Army of the Potomac 55 Army of Virginia, 119 Appomattox Court House, 363 Aqueduct Bridge 122 Aquia Creek 119, 120, 160, 213 Ash, David B 83, 103 Atkens, Benjamin H 249, 262 Atlantic Transport 119 Auburn, Va 267, 273 Axe Handle Brigade, 37 Aytoun, James F 290, 352, 353, 356 Badges, Corps, brigade, regimental, 211 Bailey, Warren K 106 Bailey, William H, 249 (421) 422 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. PAGE Bailey's Cross Roads, Va 363, 364, 367 Baker, Colonel 21, 22, 31 Baldwin, Joseph X03 Ball, George H. A, 146, 194 Balls Bluff, 20, 30, 31, 33, 35, 43, 126, 216 Banet'sFerry 116 Barksdale's Brigade 165, 168, 205, 229 Barnes, Leonard A, 331, 340 Barnes, Willliam, 291 Barnesville, Md, a 217 Barrett, Daniel, 189 Barrett, James N, . 292 Barrett, John 104, 102 Barrows, William E 4, 227, 258, 261, 299, 334, 356, 365 Barry, Dennis 106 Barry, Dennis (E), . 143 Barry, George 331 Barry, George M , 4, 8, 50 Barry, John 144 Barry, John (C), 141, 187 Barry, Martin, 208 Barter, John, 188 Bartlett, Edwin R 284 Bartlett, Edward S, 187 Bartlett, William A, 249 Bartley, Frank 29! Barton, Peter 323 Batchelder, George W 4, 7, 35, 51, 64, 88, 93, 114, 118, 131, 141, 143, 151 Batchelder, George W, (G) 145 Batteries Eleven and Twelve 351 Baxter, Lieutenant Colonel 167 Baxter, Samuel 4, 43, 51 Beach, Alexander, 144 Beadley, Daniel 323 Bean, Wesley P ¦ " "* Bean.WilliamH "£ ?» Beatty, James • • **'¦ M° Beatty, Richmond, ¦ Beal, Henry 0 ' " 2°] „ ,1 Q4 (- „ 263, 266, 274, Bealton Station Becker, Charles Beckwith, Lieutenant Belcher, Charles, Jr , 3oo Tl C It .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.8,16,' 17,' 18, 30, 31, 34, 36, 39, 43, 216 Benton, Camp, °' Benediot, James 352 Bennett, Octave, 331 Berden, John fi Berlin, Va,. .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' .285, 324 Berry, Patrick ..275,289 Berry Hill, Va fi3 Berryville, • jjj Bestwick, Ed, ^2j Billson, Oliver INDEX. 423 c PAGE Bingham, William H, 188 Birney, General, 303 Bishop, Edward P, ' 5, 8, 18, 43, 64 Bixby, George A '. 332 Bixby, Matthias, 236, 288, 323 Bixby, Moses P, -. 106, 188 Bixby, Moses, 286 Blair, William B 285 Blaisdell, Benjamin F, 324 Blackburn's Ford 273 Blackington, Lyman 105 Blake, William, 320, 341 Bloomfield, Va 256 Bradburn, Martin, 189 Bradish, Francis 328, 341 Bradley, Charles, . . .285, 322 Bradley, George Y, 187 Bradley, Thomas S 106, 187 Brailey, Edward Z, 51, 153, 187 Brailey, Henry 290 Brandy Station, 265, 282 Brann,' Charles 322 Braslow, William 187 Breed, George E 248, 285, 322 Bree, George 341 Brennan, Thomas ' 146 Brestow, Patrick 328 Bridges, Samuel A, 284, 328 Bridges, Thomas 146, 262 Briggs, Oliver F 4, 50, 112, 114, 110, 151, 198, 258 Brill, Jacob, 328 Brill, John 286 Bristoe Station, Va 269, 273, 289 Broad Run, 272 Brock Road, 303 Broderick, Michael, 329 Brown, Charles (A), 2g0 Brown, Charles A, 104, 240 Brown, Charles Brooks, 35, 104, 188, 312 Brown, C B. (G), 107, 180, 322 Brown, George '(A), 323 Brown, George A. (H), 186 Brown, James, 331 Brown, J. H. (A), 324 Brown, James P 352 Bruce, Augustus W, 187 Bryan, John 331 Bryant, D. W 106, 144 Bode, Henry, 200 Boker, George H, poem on Fredericksburg 185 Bolivar Heights, 52, 150, 153 Boonesboro, Md 130, 136 Booth, James, 106 Borden, George B 285 Bottoms Bridge 72 424 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Bowler, Henry ; PA™ Bowling Green - 316 Bowyer, Harrison Boyd, Isaac H 4, 8, 43, 51, 191, 198, 257,' 261,' 29o! 334, 356, 363 Boyd, Robert ' Boydton Plank Road '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 7.861. 8M, 362 Boyle James (I) - Q Boynton, Charles, 9g Buchanan, Archibald 2go ooo Buchanan, James j^' jjj Buckley, Cornelius, . ' 304 Bull Run, first, 77777777777 273 Burbank, William, ; jq^ jq Burgess, George N, '286 Burgess House, 36q Burke, Michael, . 290 Burkesville, Va . 363 Burkittsville, 255 Burnham, George, 293 Burnham, George A, 193 Burns, Brigadier General 55, 117 Burns, Joseph 288, 324 Burnside, Ambrose E, Gen, 126, 129, 130, 133, 158, 164, 181, 199, 202 Burray, Daniel, , 290 Burrill, Richard, 285 Butler, William, 104, 107 Cain, George W 144, 285, 321 Caldwell, Randolph 188 Callahan, Dennis, 106 Callahan, Timothy, 100, 108 Callahan, William, 106 Callopy, Michael 288 "Camp Straw," 17 "Camp Winfield Scott," 59 "Candle Eater, The," 257 Carey, Lawrence, 146 Carey, Philip 291 Carpenter, John '¦ • ¦ IO3 Carlton, Daniel W , 103 Carlton, David 104 Carlton, Everett 143 Carlton, George B 144 Carleton, Journal Correspondent 134 Carr, Hugh J 26, 152, 188 'Carroll, John H>5 Carson, Aaron 1°6 Case, Harrison E '105 Cassidy, Francis li3 Catharpin Road 306 Catlett's Station 266, 268, 269 Cavanaugh, John 144,286,324 Cedar Hill, • Va • ¦ • " Cedar Run 265,267 Cedar Swamp Creek, 9i C emetery Ridge , 225,226,228,232 INDEX. 425 PAGE Centreville 213, 214, 268, 273, 280 Chadwick, John C 1, 3, 8, 26, 48, 50, 64, 83, 96, 103, 151, 168, 183, 201 Chain Bridge 120 Chandler, Frank 288 Chandler, Frederick, 145 Chancellorsville Campaign, 202, 208 Charleston, S. C 337 Charlestown, W. Va, 52, 153, 154 Chamberlain's Brigade 220 Chamberlain, Charles Jr., 328 Chase, Augustus S, 187 Chase, Samuel D 353 Chase, Volney, P 105 Cheney, George A 180 Cheney, John A, 144 Chester Gap 256 Chiconi, Angelo 103, 187, 323 Chickahominy Creek 71, 73, 84 Chickahominy River 115, 116, 321 Choate, Elisha 323 Chubbuck/.David T, 112, 152, 181, 182, 102, 200, 247, 248, 257, 261, 200, 332, 334 City Point", Va 345 Claffey, Thomas 112, 110, 138, 151, 181, 186, 103, 201 Clare, James P 284 Clark, James 146, 320 Clark, James, Sergt 286, 320 Clark, John A 322 Clarke, Thomas : 331 Clark, William H 163 Clarksburg, Md, 127 Clay, George 363 Clements, Charles E 187 Clemment, John, 341 "Clump of Trees," The 240, 243 Coffin, Gorham 143, 247 Coffin, John G 106 Coggswell, Colonel 21, 23 Colburn, David F 188 Colby, Eben, 285 Cold Harbor 317 Cole, Rufus H, Jr 144, 153 Cole's Hill 275, 282, 208 Collins, George 290 Collins, Peter (G) 143 Collins, Samuel E 103 Collins, Thomas H 331 Columbia, S. C 337 Connelly, James 106, 188 Connelly, Hugh, 153 Congdon, John P 145, 352, 356 Connolly, Michael, . : 249 Connor, Henry 291 Conrad, Charles 322 Conrad's Ferry, 17 Conway, Bernard 106, 323 426 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. PAGE Conway, Patrick 331 Copp, David G, 291 Corbett, Jeremiah 145 Corrigan, Daniel (E), 163, 248, 270, 286, 320 Corrigan, James, 248, 288, 324 Cook, Charles, 291 Coombs, James A, 249 Cooper, James 291 Cooper Shop, The, 11 Cooper, Thomas 324 Corps of Observation 15, 17 Cosgrove, Joseph W, ? 146 Costello, James P, 104, 107 Costello, John H, 203 Costello, Thomas F 147, 321, 368 Couch, Darius »N ' 156 Cousins, Erastus, 286 Covell, Frank 322 Crampton's Gap, Md 143 Crane, Clarence P, 163, 286, 328 Craig, James P 352 Crawford, Duncan, 291 Creasey, Ronello B 180, 186 Crofts, Frederick 106, 111, 112, 114, 110, 152, 192 Cronan, Andrew ¦ 291 Cronan, Jere 41 Cronan, Jeremiah C 145 Cronan, John, (G) 145 Cronan, Patrick, 288 Cronin, Michael, (E) 186 Cronin, Patrick ; 322 Cronk, Sidney 324 Cromack, Joseph C 1' 1° Cross, Charles. ¦ ¦ • • 325 Crowley, Bartholomew 146> 324 Culpepper 263,264,265 Culpepper, Mine Ford zsu Cumberland, Va Curtis, William M, 145, 284, 290, 295, 29g, 332, 334, 356 r, . • _ r d 107, 108, 112 Cushing, J.P 219 241 Cushing's Battery *»• ML Dabney'sMills 3<*> Dakin, Charles R "™ Daley, Daniel ^ Daley, James P "J* Dame, Bernard *" Dame, Redford ™1 SaZN.^BrigiGen.; 77777777 7.51,' 55', 57,'58,'86; llo! llV,134, 142 Danforth, George ® Danforth, Jeremiah gj7 Danville, N. C .".'.' .'.'.'." 15, 46 Darnestown, • Davis, Edward K " Davis, John ¦ INDEX. 427 PAGE Dawson, Jackson 208 Dawson, Thomas, 290 Dawes, Redford, .* 321 Day, Samuel W 188 Dean, Charles, 330, 348 Deansfield, John 331, 341 DeCastro, Joseph H 203, 241, 242, 246, 288, 354, 368 Deep Bottom, Va, 343 Deering, John 188 ' Delaney, William, 105 Delano, Ezra, 331, 341 Delay, Daniel '. 144 Dennett, George 331 Dennis, William P. (H) 194 Demon, Hugh 106, 329 Devens, Colonel 23 Devereux, Arthur F, 1, 3, 4, 13, 14, 16, 20, 25, 35, 37, 40, 50, 58, 61, 97, 111, 118, 121, 123, 124, 140, 143, 151, 191, 195, 198, 199, 201, 202, 203,209, 210, 215, 221, 222, 232, 236, 239, 241, 245, 247, 250, 254, 257, 260, 261, 264, 200, 205 296, 297, 29g Devereux, Charles U 45, 97, 106, 118, 152, 183, 192, 201 Devine, Francis W 201 Dew, George ' 187 Dike, Lyman, Col. 2 Dillon, Edward, 291 Dittmer, William .- 331 Dodge, James G. C, 5, 8, 24, 25, 26, 28, 64, 73, 100, 112, 114, 122, 181, 182, 187, 192, 210, 211, 222, 223, 247, 249, 258, 299, 334, 354 Doer, Stephen, 291 Doherty, Chief Surgeon, 76 Doherty, Edward 106, 144 Doherty, Edward C 291 Doherty, George 292 Doherty, James 145 Doherty, John 146, 249, .265, 32g Doherty, Richard 330, 348 Donath, Herman, 00, 201, 208, 210, 216, 222, 242, 247, 250, 258 Donovan, John, 144 Donovan, Patrick, 324 Douglas, Albert C 45, 163 Douglas, John E, 188 Doyle, Edward 147 Doyle, James, 324 Doyle, Nicholas, 352 Doyle, Thomas 248 Doyle, William 330 Dow, Abraham 280, 323 Dow, Reuben B 291 Dow, Thomas A 291 Dow, William t 291 Driscoll, John P 329 Driyer, Samuel 146, 323 Driver, William R 45, 104, 111, 119, 147, 152, 192, 29g, 334, 344 Dudley, Ezra S, . . . . , 186 Duncan, John, M 2g2 :.*- /„ 428 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. PAGE Dunn, James, 291, 323, 328 Dunn, Patrick, 106, 187 Dunn, Philip 145, 286 Dunn, Moncena, 4, 7, 51, 64, 181, 182, 187, 192, 200, 210, 257, 261, 294, 295, 299, 300, 318, 324, 327, 332, 334, 356, 350 Dunham, Hallowell R 144, 153 Dunker Church, Md 133, 134, 135 Dumfries, Va 213 Duran, David (K) 58 Dyer, J. Franklin 1, 4, 8, 16, 40, 112, 103, 205, 333 Eacott, Henry 105 Eagan, John (G) 107, 188 Eastman, Robert H, 201 Eayers, Winslow P 291 Eckelman, James, 291 Edward's Ferry 16, 17, 18, 21, 30, 31, 213, 216 Edwards, Charles 330, 341 Edwards, William 248 Edwards, William P 285, 329, 348 Eighth Regiment 1, 3, 11, 38 Eighteenth Mississippi, 30 Eighth Virginia Regiment 30 Eighty-Second New York Regiment, 300, 327 Eldridge, James, v. 291 Eleventh Maine Regiment 360 Ellers, Heindrick, 341 Ellery, William 249 Elliot, William 359 Ellis, Alfred 322 Ellsworth, Milton 269, 285, 328 Eltham, Va 71 Ely's Ford 303 Embler, Capt. A. Henry 350 Estes, William P. R, 248, 328 Evans, General, 28 Ewell, General, ¦• ' 225 Fair Oaks, Va 74, 75, 70, 86 Fairfax Court House, 122 Fairfax Station 213 Fall, Patrick 322 Falls, Benjamin F, 174, 246, 282, 284, 305, 308, 322, 354, 368 Fallen, Owen, ' 331 Falling Waters 256 Falmouth, Va 156, 159, 195, 28g Fane, William 331 Farmville, Va 362 Farren, Frank 331 Farren, John 291 Farrell, George 341 Farrell, James 286, 323 Farrington, Henry C, 188 Fayetteville 267 Farnham, William 330, 348 Fee, William, 322 INDEX. 429 PAGE Fellows, Horatio , 288, 322 Ferguson, Charles, 292 Ferguson, J. Q. A 187 Ferris, John J, 201, 202, 216, 222, 247, 248, 258, 261, 264, 271, 29g, 312, 322, 354 Fifteenth Mass. Regiment 16, 22, ig6, 162, 217, 2g8, 299, 327, 333 Fifty-Ninth New York Regiment 115, 120, 159, 269, 270, 299, 327, 362 Filley, Charles C 359 Finnegan, Patrick 341 First Battalion of Rifles, 1 First California Regiment 22 First Minnesota Regiment, 32, 123, 124, 136, 138, 232, 237, 255, 270 Fisher, John 291 Fisher, William B 145 Fitz, Henry 188 Fitzgerald, Edward 104 Fitzgerald, John, 293 Fitzgerald, Patrick 248, 288, 328 Flannigan, James 144, 323 Flat Run Church .' 275 Fletcher, Edward, 282, 310 Fletcher, James 39 Fletcher, Mrs, 39 Fletcher, William E 285, 328, 359 Flinn, Patrick, 331 Flint Hill Road 123 Flynn, Richard, : . . 188 Fogg, B. E, 106, 145 Fontain, Andrew (D) 58 Ford, James 180 Ford, Patrick 248 Fort Emory, 354, 357 Fort Rice 351 Fort Steadman 353, 360 Forty-Second New York Regiment, 16, 30, 115, 120, 136, 206, 230, 234, 236, 239, 240, 241, 245, 29g, 327 Fortress Monroe 54, 92, 116, 119 Forty-Seventh North Carolina Regiment 352 Foss, John C 143 Foss, John L 143 Foster, Job 330, 348 Foster, R. R 94, 181, 203, 218, 283, 285 Fourteenth Connecticut Regiment 316 Fourteenth Massachusetts Regiment, 2, 3 Fowler, John F 248 Francis, George F 352 Franklin's Division 67, 70, 164, 177, 178 Franklin, George E 353 Frederic City, Md 126, 127, 217, 255 Fredericksburg, Va, 159, 164, 203, 205, 207 , 289,' 363 French, General 177, 178, 179 Frey, Joseph 291 Fuller, Henry G 291 Gahagin, Michael 291 Gaines' Mills 84 Gainesville, 273 430 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. PAGE Gallagher, John W, 291 Gamble, Robert J 32g Gardner, William . , i06j 145| i93 Garfield, Joseph (K) 306 323 Gately, James, jg^ George, Wallace T, 183 Georgetown . 122 Germania Ford, Va, , 275 Germantown, . 122 Gettysburg, Pa 289 Gettysburg Campaign, 213 to 254 Gibbon, Gen. John 200, 217, 221, 229, 233, 239, 321, 327 Gibbons, Willam, ...'.. 248, 286 Gifford, Joseph S 145 Gilbert, Delos 331 Gillespie, Patrick, 323 Glendale, Battle of, 92, g3, g8, gg Gloucester, Va 5g "Goaks," ig8 Goarout, Doffles 330 Goff, Edward H, 323 Golden, Edward 323, 329 Gooch, Charles, 363 Goodhue, Alexander, 331 Goodnow, Samuel 290 Goodrich, William H, 144 Goodwin, Andrew 248 Goodwin, George F, 193 Gorey, Mark , 288, 358 Gorman, Brigadier General 31, 32, 55, 117, 134 Gormley, James, 329 Gormley, Terrence, 248, 286 Goose Creek, 32 Great Falls 46 Grape Vine (Bridge 72, 74, 75 Grant, Alexander .' 143 Grant, Augustus, 103 Grant, U. S. Major General,. 115, 321, 365 Grau, Jacob 104, 119 Graves, Horace 143 Gravelly, Run 357 Greeley, A. W 144 Greene, Asa W 208 Green, Andrew P 291 Greenleaf, Albert H 286, 323 Greenwich • 273 Grey, Mark, 188 Grieve, Thomas 107, 119 Grover, General : 95 Guilford, Joseph A, I86 Guilfoyle, Dennis, 1°6 Guinan.P.R "»¦ «» Gum Springs, Va 21s Hagan, John 331' 348 INDEX. 431 PAGE Hagedon, Henry, 202 Hagerstown Turnpike, Md, 135, 130 Hagerty, Patrick, 104, 186 Hale, Henry A, 4, 5, 7, 25, 30, 43, 62, 112, 114, 141, 144, 151, 101, 195, 198, 200, 257, 261, 29g, 324, 334, 344 Haley, Charles A, 146 Hall, Benjamin F, 285 Hall's Brigade 205, 241, 246 Hall, Charles A 146 Hall, Ephriam A, Jr 51, 152, 102, 258, 261, 276, 299 Hall, Gen. Norman J. 158, 185, 233, 239, 247 Hall, Samuel A 143 Hall, Thomas, 323, 329 Halleck, Major General, 114, 115 Ham, George B 249 Ham, George P 262 Hamilton, William 291 Hampton, Va 55, 118 Hancock, General, 177, 178, 200, 213, 215, 223, 225, 226, 229, 230, 239, 242, 321, 357 ' 'Hancock's Night Walkers " .' 222 Haney, William 331 Hapgood, J 108 Hapgood, Oliver 107 Hardy, Patrick 152 Harper's Ferry, 51, 150, 256 Harper, Robert 104 Harrington, Charles * 353 Harrington, Timothy 188 Harris, Charles 201 Harris, Mark A 144 Harris, Sergt •. ... 18, 20 Harris, Seth M 145 Harrison, James M 292 Harrison's Island, 17, 20, 21, 25 Harrison's .Landing, 102, 109, 113, 114, 115 Harrow, General 233, 246 Hartsuff, Brigadier General 142 Harvey, James : 329 Harvey, Daniel P 107, 108 Harvey, Patrick 240 Haryey, Patrick W 288, 324 Haskens, Edward 331 Hastings, Horace 300 Hatcher's Run 357, 360 Hawes, Steven 286 Hayes, Gen. Alexander 216, 242, 246, 260 Hayes, James J 143 Hayes, John W 249, 288, 324 Haymarket, Va 213, 215 Hays, William, Gen 357 Haywood, William 329 Hazard, Lieut. Jeff 63, 245 Hazen, Charles K 145 Hazen, Jacob T 144, 150 Heath, James 140 432 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Heath, James H j .g „„ Heffron, Wiliam ,, 286 Heill, Frank ' 2g2 Heintzelman, General ¦- Hendley, Robert 10- Henry, John N 7 77 77 77 7.7 7.7 7 .7 77 7 107, 108 Hervey, Joseph H ; 247 250 Higginson, James ' g22 Hiii, John (A) 7 7 7 7 7 77 777 324 Hill, John E 7 7 '.'. '. '.'. '.'. 7 7 7 77 124 Hill, William A 45, 64, 151, 334, 196, 222, 241, 257, 261, 299 Hill, Joseph 34g Hill, Thomas 32g Hills, Charles K 286 Hillsboro, Va 156, 256 Hilton, Henry , _ 363 Hine, J. M , 43 Hines, Henry ' 24g, 324 Hinks, Edward W, 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 37, 38, 41, 49, 50, 51, 53, 70, 78, 79, 82, 83, 93, 97, 106, 112, 114, 118, 121, 123, 126, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 140, 143, 147, 148, 191, 198, 201, 222, 296, 321 Hinks, Elisha A, 4, 50, 79, 112, 141, 144, 151, 163, 170, 187, 192, 198, 201, 261, 299, 319, 324, 334, 352 Hitchcock, Dr. Alfred 148 Hitchcock, Simon D 145 Hodges, John Jr 4, 7, 12, 35, 79, 112 Hodgkins, Joseph E 189, 288, 320, 327, 338, 356, 358, 362 Hogan, John 104, 119 Hogan, Michael, 291 Hogan, Stephen 331, 341 Holland, Daniel 248 Hollister, James W 103 Holligan, Michael 292 Holmes, Wm. W 143 Homans, Thomas B 288 Homer, Henry A _ 365 Hooker, Joseph, General, 80, 131, 133, 134, 142, 164, 177, 178, 195, 199, 200, 211, 212, 213, 316 Hopkinson, William 324 Horstman, Alfred 292 Hovey, Samuel D 5, 43 Howard, Daniel P 186 Howard, Gen. O. O, 123, 124, 134, 139, 158, 161, 172, 177, 178, 17g, 185, 196, 225 Howe, Frank E 11 Howe, Henry J, 1, 3, 4, 14, 16, 21, 32, 34, 35, 49, 50, 77, 83, 96, 97, 99, 105, 112 Howe, John C 146, 286 Howe, W. C M, _ 43 Hoyt, Daniel, ..." ' 331, 341 Hoyt, John L '. 248 Hoyt, William H 249 Hubner, Fred W 291 Hudson, Charles, 186 Hudson, Jonathan 99, 105 Hutchings, A. Frank 45, 188 INDEX. 433 PAGE Hull, John 103 Hume, Lysander, 43, 65, 66, 88, 105, 118, 152, 180, 182, 189, 193, 200, 223, 258, 295, 29g, 302,326, 332, 334, 356, 365 Humphrey, General 22g, 230, 357, 360 Hunt, Philip 201 Hunter, Frank lig Hunter, John W, 18g Hurley, Patrick (E), '. 143 Ice Grove, 315 Ingalls, John <.. 345 " Irish Brigade, 91 Jackson, Stonewall, 139 Jacobs, Andrew G, 105 Jacobs, Andrew S 107 James, Joseph C 145 James River, 86, 93, 321 Jellison, Benjamin H 83, 104, 232, 236, 243, 246, 285, 324, 354, 368 Jellison, Samuel C, 105 Jellison, David B 144 Jenifer, Colonel 128 Jenkins, Albert M 331 Jenkins, Charles F, .-. 106 Jennings, Henry G 324 Jerusalem Plank Road, 326 Jettsville, Va 363 Jewett, D. J. M. A 183, 180, 231, 288, 356 Johnson, Charles A, 249, 262 Johnson, George 330 Johnson, Giles D. W • 284, 328 Johnson, Henry 127 Johnson, Loring 324 Johnson, Peter 330, 348 Johnson, President, ._ 364, 365 Johnson, William 292 Johnston, General, 74 Johnston, Robert A, ". 330, 341 Johonnot, Darius, 285 Jones, George, 292 Joy, Edward 330, 348 Jordan, John, 104 Jordan, John F, 187, 286, 291 Jordan, Nathaniel B " 146 Kearney, Gen. Phil, \ 99 Keedysville, Md 130 Kelley, James 328 Kelly, Luke (G) 107 Kelly, Michael 328 Kelly, Patrick (F) 103 Kelly, Thomas, (G) 107, 240 Kelly, William, .' 320 Kelley, William B, 202 Kelley's Ford 263, 274 Kelty, Eugene 5, 7, 43 Kendall, Jn°cph L 4 434 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. PAGE Kendall, Joshua, 286 Kennedy, Peter 292 Kenney, Enoch C, 286 Kenney, Michael, 292 Kent, George 330 Kent, James A 187 Kent, James G, 144, J87 Kent, Sewell S 147 Kimball, Colonel .- 137, 148 Kimball, Marcus 208, 328 King, Rodney, 292 Knapp, William D 200, 258, 265, 290 Knights, Nelson E 145, 188, 288, 292, 323, 328 Knox, Charles B, 104, 107, 108 Koppitz, Charles 363 Krantz, Earnest ' 330, 348 Lacy House 164, 202, 203, 209 Landron House '. 308, 309 Lander Camp 44 Lander, Gen. Frederick W 15, 21, 31, 33, 34, 35 Lamb, George 189, 324 Lambert, William H 329 Lapstone Light Infantry 45 Larrabee, Gustavus 107 Larouche, John 292 Laurel Hill 315 Lavey, Thomas 331 Law, Major General E. M. (C.S.A.) 313 Leach, Edward 143 Leach, Frank B 104, 108 Leahy, Thomas, 188 Leary, Timothy 144, 286 LeBaines, Lieutenant 30 LeCain, William H - 5, 8, 20, 43 Lee, Colonel, 21, 23, 35, 148 Lee, David 4, 8, 98, 105, 112 Lee, Henry, . . .' 286 Lee, John 286, 329, 348, 359 Lee, S.S 352 Leesboro 15 Lees Mills, 58 Leesburg • 28, 31, 156 Leonard, Michael 145 Leonard, William 325 Levoin, Charles, 341 Lewis Farm, Va, , • 73 Liberty, Md 221 Libby, Joseph 249, 288, 356 Libby Prison 334, 348 Lillie, Albert S 108 Linooln, Abraham, 112, 200 Linnehan, Cornelius, 236, 286 Lithead, George 145 Little, Moses C 186 Little Round Top, 225, 226 INDEX. 435 PAGE Littlefield, Moses R 285 Lobskause, 18 Logan, Jeremiah, /-. 144 Longstreet, General 183 Lopez, Frank, 292 Lord, James H 89, 285 Loveland, Nathaniel 104 Lucius, Jeremiah, * 292 Lucy, George, 105 Ludlow, James 341 Lummus, Benjamin, 203, 329 Lurvey, James T 4, 8, 50 Lyford, John, 331 Lynch, Charles, 292 Lynch, James, 292 Lynchburg, Va 337 Lyons, Mart n 143 Mace, George, 95, 105 Mack, John 292 Mack, Thomas 290 Mackin, Francis, 331 Macon, Ga, 337 Maguire, Edward 105 Mahnitz, Adolph 265, 285 Mahoney, Andrew, 1, 2, 4, 7, 170, 181, 182, 188, 192, 199, 230, 201, 223, 231, 258 Mahoney, D, 352 Mahoney, Ed. (E), 203 Maley, Richard 106 Mallon, Colonel, 230, 239, 240, 252, 271 Maloney, Edward 152, 270 Maloney, Edwin C 286 Malvern Hill, 93, 98, 9g, 114 Manchester, Va, 337 Mann, John 107, 249 Manning, Peter, 106 Manning, Thomas P, 163, 276 Mansfield, Brigadier General 6, 131, 142 Mansur, Elijah E. H 329' Marblehead, gunboat, 69 Marshall, Joseph, 145 Marshall, Robert 145 Marshall, William, 292 Marston, Charles E 284 Martin, Henry K 96, 144 Martin, Frederic, 107 Marye's Heights, Va 160, 177, 183, 202, 204, 205 Mason, Joseph, 107 Matthews, Charles, 292 Matt icson, Henry 203 Matto, Frank 353 May, William B 10 McAUen, Robert 331 McAlpine, Francis, 322 MeCallom, James, 180 436 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. McCammon, John oo oqo McCann, John Jf' f. ° McCarthy, Charles 14S' ™ McCarty, Florence ft* McCarty, James (G) 77.7777' 77777 .... 777777 .145, 329 McCarty, John (G) , .. McCaul, John 7 7 7 77 7 7 7 7 7 7 ' 293 ^P™1??' G' B" Gen" --ss. 67, 59, 64, 65, 66, 67776, 78,110,' 115, "126,133, 158 'McCleUan's Cakes," 275 McCracken, William, 146 McCrillis, Lewis, 7 292 McCue, Michael 146 McDavitt, Charles, 189 McDonald, Benjamin 322 McDonald, Charles ' ' 329 McGee, Michael jrjg MeGinnis, William A, 36, 37, 38, 141, 146, 170, 221, 236, 249, 250, 288, 30o| 320 321, 332, 334, 338 356, 359 McGivern, "Paddy," 203 McGuckin, James, 293 McKane, John, 339 McKay, First Lieutenant 203 McKenna, Edward 330, 348 McKenna, Francis, ' 104, 323 McKenna, George, 288 McKenna, William A , 146 McKenney, William A, , 107 McKenzie, John 107 McLaughlin, James (G) 107 McLaws, General, report on Fredericksburg 173 McMahon, James, : 331 McMahon, John 104 McManus, John 329 McMorrow, John : 103 McNally, James 188 McNamara, M. A 50, 163 McNeal, D. F 249 McPartland, Hugh 248, 286, 325 McReady, Stephen 146 McTague, Dominick, 293 Meade,. General 216, 229, 236, 279 Meagher, Brigadier General, 142 Meagher, Richard 330 Meagher, Thomas 330,348 Mechanicsville, Battle of 84 Melden, William R 104 Meridian Hill 13, 14 Merrill, Charles L, 181, 182, 187, 223, 258, 260, 265 Merrill, Charles W, 187, 207 Merritt, Charles M, 4, 7, 43, 46, 51, 98, 163, 192, 201, 261, 264, 299, 334, 344 Merritt, Connell 186 Middlekauf, W, 139 Millard, P 342 Millbury 127 Milford 316 1 INDEX. 437 PAGE Mills, Charles B 328 Mills, William 358 Mine Run, 277 Mitchell, J 325, 341 Mitchell, Thomas, A. S 106, 187 Mitchell's Station, 265, 289 Mohr, Charles A 293 Mooneville, Md , 289 Moore, James B 192, 201 Monihan, John, 323 Monnehan, Patrick 107 Monocacy Junction, Md, 217, 222 Moran, John 193 Morgan, Col. Charles, 215 Morgan, Benjamin E. (A) 61 Morin, Alex, 106 Morrill's Brigade 57 Morrill, Edward W 144 Morrison, Joseph W, 186 Morrison, Nahum 286 Morrisville, Va 257, 258, 263, 274, 289 Morse, Colonius, 140, 285 Morse, Daron W 107 , Morse, George E 248, 329 Morse, James 285 Mortimer, Charles 293 Mortimer, Lewis 331, 341 Morton, Philip 292 Moses, John 286 Moses, John D, 145 Moynehan, P, 108 Muddy Branch, 43, 40, 50 Mudgett, Isaac N 348, 353, 356 Mulligan, Michael 203 Mumford, Dudley C, 5, 8, 51, 151, 201, 261, 265, 295, 299, 317, 322, 355 Murphy, Andrew M, (K) 75 Murphy, Daniel 288, 293, 352, 358, 368 Murphy, Edward (A), 106 Murphy, Humphrey, 188 Murphy, Luke, .¦ 103 Murphy, Michael (E), . . •. 106 Murphy, Patrick (K) 58, 325 Murray, Thomas, 341 Nelson, Leroy A 106, 183 Nelson's Farm , 93 Newcomb, Edgar M 35, 73, 83, 98, 111, 112, 114, 118, 131, 141, 151, 161, 174, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186, 193 Newhall, Charles A 36, 249 Newhall, Charles B 249 Newport News, Va 118, 119 Newman, Stephen 1 4, 89 Nichols, Benjamin, 345 Nichols, Ernest A 136, 203, 285, 323, 325, 352, 350 Nichols, Gilman F, 186 Nichols, James, 323 t 438 THE NINETEENTH .MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. PAGE Nickerson, Lorenzo P., i4g Niell, Patrick .* 293 Nietman, AuguBt 341 Nieur, John 293 Nineteenth Maine Regiment, 154, 179, 299 Nolan, Patrick, 249, 288, 325 Norfolk, Va, 68 Norman, Frank, 323 ' 'North America," transport 54 North Anna River 316 Northend, William E 249 Norwood, A. J 249 Norton, Andrew 104 Noyes, Charles L, 248 Noyes, Edward D 186 Noyes, Stephen 187 Nulty, Peter 323 Oak Grove, battle of 81, 82 Oak Hill, Md 257 O'Brien, John 359 O'Brien, Michael 249 O'Connell, Timothy., 285, 325 O'Connell, James, 105 O'Connor, Dennis (G) 107 Occoquan, Va, 289 O'Hearii, James 1°4 O'Leary, Michael, 286, 329 Oliver, Exor, ." 249, 288 Olmstead, Col. William A 3S6 O'Neal, Charles 1°6 O'Neal, Michael (G) 1°7 O'Neal, William H. (K), 78 One Hundredth New York Regiment, 360 One Hundred and Twenty-Seventh Pennsylvania Regiment 159 Orange Plank Road 277, 280, 303 O'RoSke, Peter (E) 83, 96. 106, 144. 15J Orr, Henry „„. Osborn, Francis "*' ^° Osborne,. William Otis, George B Palfrey, Lieutenant Colonel, • ; ' J ¦ Palmer, Charles S 1°3. 223, 261, 290, 334, 352, 365 Palmer, George W " Pataer! WmSnt,' 4, 5,8,'29,' 51,' 112, 114,' 151,' 181,' 183, 191, 198,' 200,' 21L 216. 222, 247, 248, 257, 261, 290, 294, 295, 299, 324, 334 Pamunky River ' 33J Parent, Lewis lgQ Paris, Va j^g Patch, George H " 325 Patoh, John, 324 Patriok, Joseph, 3^2 Payson, Charles gg gfl Peach Orchard, battle of, INDEX. 439 PAGE Pearl, "Ed," sutler, 302 Pearson, Charles S 145 Pearson, Daniel 187 Pearson, Joseph H, 143 Perry, Henry, 324 Perry, Horace D, 188 Perkins, Haven K, 293 Perkins, Theodore; 187 Penniman, Walter S. (K), 169, 186 Petersburg, Va 115, 321, 333, 334, 344, 346, 363 Pettitt's [Battery, 227 Philbrick, Major 137 Phillips, James H. H 188 Pickett's Charge, 238 Pike, James, . 332 Pike, Robert E 358 Pillsbury, Joseph 140 Pillsbury, Richmond L, 285 Pleasant Valley, Md, 127, 130, 256 Pleasanton, General 214 Plum Run 231, 245 Plympton, Amos G 353 Plympton, Jonathan E., 1, 2, 5, 7, 152, 181, 192, 201, 258, 260, 262, 271 Po Creek,, 306 Point Lookout, 54 Point of Rocks 52 Poole, Eben D, , 330, 348 Poolesville 15, 16, 30, 35, 36, 39 Pope, General 122 Porter, James (A) 187 Porter, James (B), 187 Porter, James 106 Porter's Mass. Battery, 70 Powell, James, 104 Power, James, 331 Powers, Edward 107, 108 Powers, John, 146 Pratt, Edwin B, 104, 288, 329 Pratt, Gustavus P, Dr 290, 295, 333, 356 Prentiss, Nathaniel 73 Preston, Charles H 248, 323 Preston, Charles (B) 285 Prime, Samuel S 4, 8, 29, 88, 112, 114, 152, 192, 195, 201 Putnam, Robert W, 96 Putnam, Israel .,. 106 Quinn, Timothy 193 Raccoon Ford, Va 264, 289 Randall, Lott 1 353 Rapidan River 264, 273, 280, 303 Rappahannock River 263 Rappahannock Station _ 265 Rappell, Winfield 180, 186 Raymond, Alfred A, 180 Reagan, James B 323 :J // 440 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. „ PAGE Ream's Station, Va „., ... Reardon, D. F, 7. .7.7.7.7.7. .7.7. ^ Rectortown, f™ Redding, Michael '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. "171 il« Reed, John H, Qr. M. Gen 77777-' 6 10 Reichardt, Joseph 77' 331 Reno, General , „q Restell, John Jr., ™ „„g Return to Boston " ' 297 ReynoldB, General 225 Reynolds, John P, Jr., 4, 8, 23, 24, 28, 43, 47, 49, 51, 116, 127, 135, 141 145 151, 192, 222, 258, 261, 264 Revere, Surgeon gg Review, The Grand, 7 . 364 Rice, Edmund, 1, 2, 4, 7, 17, 20, 21, 36, 51, 59, 75, 96, 136, 140, 143, 151, 19l| 198, 200, !204, 208, 210, 213, 216, 231, 240, 242, 247, 248, 257, 261, 264, 284, 290, 295, 297, 300, 303, 308, 312, 322, 333, 344, 346, 351, 356, 357 Rice, George, . . 331 Rice, James H 5, 7, 64, 104, 119, 151, 152, 192, 258 Rice, William F, 223, 258, 271, 2g0, 333, 334, 343, 352 Richardson, Joseph 330 Richardson, Major General 78, 142 Richardson, William, 330, 348 Rich, Robert E, ., 144 Richmond, Va 78, 85, 115, 116, 334, 363 Rickett's Battery 227 Ridlon, James, 328, 340, 342 Rieae, George, 291 Rieser, Julius 292 Riley, Michael 144, 194 Riley, Thomas (B) 285, 323 Rimback, Lewis 43 Rinaldie, John B 293 Ripley, Thomas 290 Ritchie, George M 284, 353, 356 Roberts, Nathan H 331 Robertson's Tavern 276, 277 Robinson's Cross Roads, Va, ~ 289 Robinson, Henry 341 Robinson, John N 145, 183, 203, 246, 368 Robinson, Joseph, 331 Robinson, Sherman S 222, 234, 247, 258 Robinson, William . . , 348 Roche, Edward 248 Rookville, Md 15, 46, 126 Rodger, Albert I40 Rodigrass, John S, , 104 Rodman, Brigadier General 142 Rogers,' Albert, : 248, 324 Rogers, Elijah P 4, 7, 78 Rogers, George W 324 Rogers, Shubell D, I87 Rogers, Varnnm H/ • 1*® Rooney, Peter ¦ • 293 Rorty's Battery 234,235,239 INDEX. 441 PAGE Ross, Dunbar, 271 Ross, John B 323 Ross, John T 146, 356, 359 Ross, Jonathan. T., 288 Ross, William H 322 Roth, Philip 187 Round Top 225, 226, 227, 228, 229 Rourke, John, 288 . Routnair, Charles 352 Rowe, Charles A 216, 249 Rowe, George A 104 Rowley, Charles 340, 341 Rummelsburg, Carl 330 Rundlett, Oliver S 143 Russell, Benjamin W, 285, 325 Russell, Cornelius 248 Russell, James D 1, 2, 4, 7, 51, 64, 125, 151, 163 Ryan, William 323 Sabiens, Edward 341 Salem Church, 205, 207 Salem Zouaves, 3, 6 Salem, Va 158 Salisbury, Thomas J 324 Salter, Solomon, 330 Sampson, Christopher C, 2, 5, 43 Sargent, George -C 332, 341 Saunders, Captain 16, 32, 33 Saunders, Edwin CD 285 Savage's Station 88 89, 98 Scanlan, David 293 Scannell, Patrick 247 Scannell, Michael 248, 282, 285, 318, 327, 328 Schiverin, Fritz 293 Schoff, Edward N 288 353, 356 Schouler, Camp 1 Schouler, William, Adjt. Gen 3, 6, 8, 10, 30, 296, 332 Schults, Hans W 293 Sherman, Charles 331 Sherman, James O, 293 Sherris, William 331 Sherwell, Jesse K 145 Sherwood, Duncan, 248 Shinnick, James 329, 341 Shock, Carl, 324 Short, Moses .83, 103 Sibley tents 55 Sickles, Gen. Daniel E 225, 226, 227, 228 Signals 47 Silk, Jeremiah (B) 194 Sixth Maine Regiment, , 204 Sixth Massachusetts Regiment 11 Skerrett, James 329 Slocum. Robert 292 Smith, Bartholomew 146 Smith, Charles 322 442 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. PAGE Smith, Charles E 186 Scott, John 330 Seaver, Joseph, 184, 186 Seavey, Joseph 1 286 Second Massachusetts Regiment, 2 Sedgwick, John, Gen 55, 82, 117, 134, 136, 139, 142, 148, 200, 204, 205, 206 Seminary Ridge 225, 226, 235, 255 Seneca, Lock Falls 43, 44, 46 Seven Days' Retreat, 85 Seventeenth Massachusetts Regiment 10 Seventh Michigan Regiment, 8, 15, 16, 32, 39, 115, 166, 167, 168, 172, 178, 184, 185, 199, 203, 255, 298, 300, 352, 354, 361, 362 Seventh Mississippi Regiment, 27 Seventeenth Mississippi Regiment 27, 30 Seventh New York Regiment 11 Seven Pines, Va 75 Sewall, Charles C 104, 108 Shaokley, Moses, . ; 163, 192, 195, 198, 200, 236, 242, 257, 261 Sharpsburg Road, Md 131 Sharkey, Charles (F) 1»3 Shaw, George F 1°7 Shaw.Levi 1,4,8,103 Shelden's Island 17 Shenandoah River, 168 Small, John, P ;*? Small, John Y 265 Smith, Edwin 33? Smith. F. H J°° Smith, Francis, L Smith, Henry M " 8m!*' *J .77 .7 .7 .7 .7.188, '330, 348 Smith James ¦¦ - m Smith, John (H) fi Smith, John 77 .... 7 .7 . 77 7 .288, 329 Smith, J. 1 331 Smith, Martin 293 Smith, Michael 45 83 Smith, Samuel H "¦¦ ... '348 Smith, Sidney, ' ' 353 Smith, Thomas C, ...... 105 Smith, Thomas H„ ' ° 2g3 Smith, William, 1st 7 7. 293 Smith, William, 2nd j^1 '2 jj m Smith, William 145 Smith, William (F) 331 Smithers, James 35u 357 T^' ^sJhT8 A .77' 77777. 907236.'mb477248','258,'264,' 290', 299 Snellen, Joseph w •"" j57 Snicker's Gap, Va .... 12, 54 Soldiers' Rest • ¦ '. 777 332, 341 Somers, Frank 10 Sons of Massachusetts 7777. 348 Soper, George, • • ¦¦¦ ¦ ^ ^ ^ South Mountain, Md •¦"' 342 Spar, H INDEX. 443 PAGE Spenoe, David 331, 341 Spofford, Daniel W 142, 143 Spofford, E.F 43 Spofford, John A 4, 18, 43 Spofford, Phineas 142 Sprague, Gov. William 50 Spottsylvania 305, 306, 307 Stafford Court House, 213 Stanley, Edwin P 108 Stanley, Thomas, 325 Stannard, General, 246 Stanwood, Moses P., 4, 7, 43 Steele, John H 248, 285, 359 Stevens, Austin 325 Stevens, Benjamin F, 105 Stevens, R. W 43 Stevens, George (I), 203 Stevens, George H., 107, 108 Stevens, James (E) 188 Stevensburg, Va., 289 Stewart, Alonzo 322 Stewart, Charles, 35 Stewart, William 286 Stillman, Peter 285, 324 Stone, Benjamin A 105 Stone Bridge, Antietam _. 133 Stone, Charles P, Gen 15, 17, 28 Stone, Samuel, Jr 104 Stone, Thomas , 328 Stone, Dr. V. R 163,193,210 Stone, William A, 106, 144, 152, 200, 201, 210, 222, 248, 258, 260, 262, 333, 356 Strange, James 285, 323 Stringer, Thomas 328 Stuart, General 215 "Stuart's Unseen Guns" 136 Sullivan, James 293 Sullivan, John 104 Sullivan, Michael 51 Sullivan, Michael, (E) 106, 144 Sullivan, Patrick, (G) 145 Sumner, E. V, Maj. Gen 55,58, 113, 133, 134, 136, 137, 156, 158, 160. 164 Sunken Road, Antietam 133 Sweeney, M 330 Sweetser, Thomas A 146 Symonds, George B 329 Symonds, George B 45 Taft, B. F 197 Taneytown, Md 224, 255 Teadley, Daniel 107, 108 Teele, George E 203 Tenallytown 122 Tenth Mass. Battery 227, 360 Thoroughfare Gap, Va 213, 215, 289 Thorndike, Albert 45, 141, 146, 152, 163 Thomas, George P 208 444 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. PAGE Thomas, Terrance 322, 228 Thompson, Edward C 322, 329 Thompson, George W 107 Thompson, John B 188, 270, 276, 299, 319, 322, 355 Thompson, John N 51, 103, 164, 171, 216, 222 Thompson, Milton D , 322 Thirteenth Mississippi Regiment 30 Thirty-Second Wisconsin Regiment 361 Thirty-Fourth New York Regiment 32 Tibbets, Charles 146, 153, 285 Tibbets, John, (C) 83 Tibbets, John L. (C) 104 Tibbets, William 147 Tibbets. William H 248, 356, 358 Tiger Fire Zouaves 1, 30, 32, 33, 34 Tiernan, Mark 147 Tilton, Warner W 51, 112, 152, 222, 223, 261 Tirrell, William J 188, 359 Todd, Joseph Scott 4, 7, 51, 64 Todds Tavern 305, 306 Tompkins Battery, A, 1st R. I. Artillery 86, 87, 124 Towle, John 208 Trapp, Charles 290 Trask, George L 107 Treadley, Daniel 288 Trembo, Christopher • • ¦ 203 Tucker, Clarence 1 143 Turner, Frederick P 145 Turnstall's Station, Va 71 Tuttle, E 352 Tuttle, F. W 1°8 Tuttle, John 293 Tuttle, Thomas 1°4 Tuttle, Thomas W 248 Twentieth Massachusetts Regiment 2, 16, 22, 30, 38, 39, 115, 162, 171, 178, 184 202, 234, 204, 295, 298, 299, 300, 301, 327, 346 Twentieth New^York Regiment 32 Two Taverns, Pa 255 Tyler, James 293 Tyler, Lieutenant Upperville Urban, Henry ™~ Urbana VanAllan Cavalry ^ VanAmmon, Bernard "Vanderbilt, C" transport Vaughan Road • ¦ ¦ ' „ ' „ Vaughn's R. I/Battery 17' zl- M'^ Very, George 329 vS7«'E777777.7.7.7.7.'777.77'7l46;23i;249;286;^7322,354.368 Vienna, Va '• 123 Vienna Road 14g Vinton, Andrew INDEX. 445 PAGE Wakefield, William H 286 Wallace, Patrick 144 Wallace, Peter 186 Walden, Nathan 286 Waldick, Lewis 293 Walker, Arthur „ 341 Walker, Francis A, Gen 266, 268, 271, 311, 312 Walker, Irving 328 Wapping Heights, Va 256 Warren, General 278, 279 Warren 's Flank March 277 Warrenton, Va 158, 159, 289 Warrenton Junction, Va 257, 274, 289 Warner, Abram F 288, 328, 341 Warner, Charles B 81, 103, 112 Warner, William H 353 Warwick River 58. 117 Wass, Capt. Ansel D, 1, 2, 5, 7, 30, 32, 58, 59, 60, 88, 97, 106, 112, 114, 119, 151 222, 247, 248, 257, 260, 261, 264, 270, 271, 295, 297, 299, 300, 327, 333, 344 Watson, Charles 331 Waters, Thomas, (G) 292 Webb, Gen. Alexander 233, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 246, 269, 278, 279, 300, 308 313 Weilmar, August 331 Weitzler, Herman 330 Welch, Charles P 286 Welch, James (E) 145, 146, 194 Welch, Thomas 105 Welden Railroad 326, 346 Wellock, Charles H 152, 193, 223 Wells, Jeremiah Y 249, 262 Wells, John J 208 Welsh, Michael 203 Westacott, Lewis 105 Westacott, Richard 188 Weston, Ira, wagoner 286 West Point 16, 67, 60, 77 Westover, Va 110 Weymouth, H. G.^O, 1, 2, 5, 7, 50, 51, 151, 152, 165, 179, 180, 181, 180, 193, 201, 223 Wheeling, John 292 Wheelock, Henry L ." 353 White, George R 105 White, Joseph, A 292 White, William 293 Whitehouse 46, 92 White Oaks Run, 93 White Oaks Swamp 90, 92, 93, g8 White Plains, Md 257 Whitten, Benjamin E, 187 Wiggin, James B, 288, 293 Willard, Josiah N 1,4,35, 112, 163, 193, 198 Willard, Parsons S 341 Wilderness Campaign 303 Williamsburg 6g, 117 446 THE NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Williams, Edward 288 324 Williams, John, ' 2g3 Williams, John A ., " 144 Williams, Patrick, 293 Williams, Robert . .107, 146 Williamsport, 255, 256,' 289 Willis, Calvin W 341 Williston, Walter C, 189 Willoughby Run 225 Wilson, Conrad 330 Wilson, William 341 Wilson, William H„ 1, 2, 5, 7, 43 Winthrop, Thomas F, 152, 197, 201, 257, 261, 295, 333, 334, 352 Winns Mills, 57, 58 Winslow, EzraD 163, 193 Woofindale, Levi 46, 145, 195, 329 Wolcott, Charles 0 353 Wolf Run Shoals, Va 213, 214 Wood, George , 293 Woodford's Battery .- 227 Wood Grove, Va 157, 256 Woodruff, James F 353 Wood-tick, The 173 Wright, George 145, 146 Wright, William B 143 Wszlaki, Albert 328 York railroad • 76 Yorktown, siege 57, 58 Yorktown 63, 68, 117 119 Young, John 292 Young, Joseph, 353 Young, William 144, 163 Younger, Stephen J 144, 285, 324, 329, 348 COPSE OF TREES. Designed by John P. Reynolds and George E: Teal. APPENDIX. RETURN OF THE CAPTURED FLAG. The flag of the Nineteenth Massachusetts regiment, which was captured with the command in front of Petersburg in 1864, was returned to the Commonwealth in 1867 under cir cumstances of peculiar interest. The story is told in the following letters: Charlotte, N. C, Nov. 29, 1866. Chas. W. Matthews, Esq., Dear Sir: I send you by express $he flag of the Nineteenth Mass. Volun teers, which I told you I had rescued from rebel hands, that they might not have it to boast of. Though mutilated in its border, its escutcheon is still intact and, like the Union, can be re-constructed but not on Rebel principles nor with Rebel material. Please present it to its regiment or to its State and if its "esprit du corps" is gratified in acquiring it, I shall feel that I am amply rewarded for the diplomacy I have exercised in seeking to transfer it to the gallant troops who rallied under it to defend the Union they loved not more than did Yours most truly, Edward H. Bissell. Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 11, 1867. Captain T. B. Bunting, Dear Sir: I herewith hand you the "colors" of the Nineteenth Mass. Vols, and the letter of Mr. Edward H. Bissell of North Carolina, through whom it was procured. Mr. Bissell is one of the few true men the South affords. He originally hails from Connecticut but has resided in Charlotte for the last thirty-five years. During the war his love for the old flag and the assistance afforded by him to our brave soldiers escaping from the terrors of Andersonville and Saulsbury, earned for him the direst hatred of the traiters who heaped upon him all manner of indignities and reduced him from affluence to absolute want, as his letter will show, without alloying the true gold of his nature. (449) 450 NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. The history of the flag is that it was captured somewhere in Virginia and was in possesion of a rebel who used the border for a handkerchief. Mr. Bissell hearing of it and anxious that it should be restored to the brave men who assisted in putting down the rebellion, and indignant at the vile use it was put to by the Reb.partly by threat and partly by a pecuniary consideration, induced the traitor to disgorge. Will you kindly restore the flag to the officers of the regiment should the organization still be in existence or in case it should not, to the Governor of the State. I would suggest that an acknowledgment of its receipt be sent to Mr. Bissell at Charlotte as I know it would be very gratifying to him. I am, captain, Truly your friend, Charles W. Matthews. New York, March 4, 1867. To His Excellency, The Governor op Massachusetts. Sir: , I have this day sent you by express the colors of the Nine teenth Regiment, Mass. Vols., and herewith enclose express company's receipt for the same, also letters relating to their recovery — one from Edward H. Bissell, Esq., and one from Capt. Chas. W. Matthews. It gives me great pleasure in being instrumental (though but to a slight degree) in returning the colors through you to their proper owners. I have the honor to remain, Very respectfully, Your obedient servant, T. B. Bunting. Boston, March 21, 1867. Capt. H. Ware, Private Secretary. Captain: I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your communica tion and enclosures in reference to the return of the flag of my old command, captured during the last campaign of the Army of the Potomac. I beg leave to express my extreme satisfaction at the intelligence your note and the accompanying document convey. The flag was lost under circumstances that reflected no discredit upon the regiment which bore it and by General Order of the Army to which they were attached, they were absolved from the responsibility of its capture, but however lost, it is a matter of congratulation that it should be returned. APPENDIX. 451 It is a matter, also, of legitimate pride, I think, that the Nineteenth Massachusetts regiment can claim to have captured the colors of no less than seven rebel regiments during their term of service, and which fact might offset the loss of one of their own under whatever circumstances. As the senior officer here of the Nineteenth regiment association (com posed of the surviving members) I desire very much to be afforded an opportunity to express the obligation that every member feels to the gentleman through whose instrumentality the flag has been returned. I venture to beg that His Excellency will transmit to Mr. Edward H. Bissell the sincere thanks of a regiment of brave men for having saved from disgrace the color they had borne through many a conflict. If any thing is needed beyond his own consciousness of a noble action, he can rely upon the warm gratitude of eveiy man and officer of my regiment. Very sincerely and respectfully, Arthur P. Devereux, Late Colonel 19th Mass. Vols. Brevet-Brigadier General. REUNION. [Written for the Eighteenth Reunion of the Nineteenth Massachusetts Infantry, held in Cambridge, Aug. 28, 1888.] BY CAPTAIN THOMAS P. WINTHROP. The Southern hills no longer wear — Like jewels on their breezy crests — A thousand camp fires, marking where In night bivouac, an army rests; The night wind gently sweeping past, To all the sound of war is dumb, It echoes not the bugle blast, Nor the loud voice of boisterous drum. The Southern woods no longer hide The battery masked, the ambushed files; The cavalry no longer ride With clanking sabres down their aisles, In deadly conflict to engage; No longer from their battle lines, Beneath their dark and cool umbrage Amidst their green and tangled vines. The Southern fields no longer bear Their crops of burnished, bristling steel; The flowers of peace are blooming fair In ruts made by the cannon's wheel. The trenches' long and curtained lines, Are filled again with yellow clay, The shadows of the solemn pines Fall over levelled forts today. And we who bore the battle brunt In those sad days, so far away; Who kept the old flag at the front, Are growing old, and worn, and gray; The vigor of those days has flown, And less elastic is the tread, The ravages of time are shown In furrowed face, and whitened head. (452) APPENDIX. 453 But to the past our hearts are true, Its glorious mem'ries with us stay ; Though we who wore the loyal blue Are putting on time's sombre gray; And still with manly, loyal pride, Those days of battle we recall, When, 'gainst the wavas of treason's tide, We stood, a firm, unyielding wall. We still have warmth of heart for those Who mustered 'neath our colors bright. Who shared with us the camp's repose, Or touched bur elbows in the fight ; And who still live to tell the tale Of march and camp, their joys and fears, For them our love shall never fail, Dear comrades of those battle years. We tried their friendship by the test Of fire and smoke of battle plain ; In charge against the cannoned crest, On fields where bullets beat like rain; On many a hard and weary tramp, In bivouac on the frozen ground, In quiet of the winter camp, When cup, and song, and joke went round. And in reunion once again With old companions battle tried, Our thoughts revive the long campaign And scenes, where we stood side by side; We hear the martial strains once more ; We don our uniforms of blue; We see again the flags we bore We hear from lips we love, adieu; We leave our plows in furrowed field, To idly rust 'midst tangled weeds ; We go the tools of war to wield, Responsive to our country's heeds; We leave behind us fields unsown; We go to till the fields of death, Watered with blood, and bullet mown; Scorched with the heated cannon's breath. 454 NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. By Potomac's willowy shore We form our primal battle line; We hear the guns of Yorktown roar; O'er West Point see the sun decline. The Chickahominy we cross, On Fair Oaks' field we join the fray; We mourn the gallant Warner's loss, And all who fell that sad June day. Across the dark peninsula We march to reach the James's shore; We see again the smoke of war Hang over Glendale's field of gore; The lapse of time has not concealed The faces of our comrades brave, Who on Antietam's gun-swept field Their noble lives to Freedom gave. At Fredericksburg the boats we man, Under the fire from trench and slope, And, with the Seventh Michigan, We form once more "The forlorn hope." On Gettysburg's famed heights we stand, And form the long, thin line of blue, Whose courage high, and valor grand, The fiery Pickett's charge o'erthrew. All through the gloomy Wilderness, In rough dug graves we leave our dead; At Spottsylvania, back we press The line of gray, by Stuart led. Cold Harbor's flaming cannon boom, And thin our weak and shattered lines; And comrades fall, and find a tomb Amidst Deep Bottom's tangled vines. At Petersburg we stand again Where strong redoubts the hillsides crown; We see beyond the intrenched plain The lofty steeples of the town. Disaster at Reams' Station came, When from its trenches we are hurled; On Appomattox' field of fame We see the flag of treason furled. APPENDIX. 455 And from war's sad and gory fields, With tattered banners borne above, With all the pride that vict'ry yields, We homeward march, to those we love. For us the toilsome march is o'er, The picket watch, the night bivouac; The roll of drum will never more Arouse us for the foe's attack. And as we clasp the hands today, And old familiar faces greet, Remembered are those far away, Whose hearts are with us while we meet. Nor unforgotten those who fell, And sleep today in sunny lands; On breezy hill, in quiet dell, In graves dug by their comrades' hands. They were as noble, brave and true As ever followed noisy drum ; Their silent ranks pass in review, With noiseless step, and voices dumb. Brave Howe is riding at their head, Tall and graceful, but ashy pale, Just as he looked when, cold and dead, We dug his grave at sad Glendale. Another rides with that silent host — Boyd, the hero of many fields — Who bravely fell at duty's post, Just as the foe the contest yields. And there George Batchelder we see, Gentle and true, and bravest of men, And there steps gallant David Lee, And Mumford's manly form we ken. Newcomb is there, with thoughtful face, In that battalion weird and vast ; And brave Tom Claffy has a place, And valiant Thompson marches past. There with the men he led in fight, The handsome Ferris moves along; There's Donath, with his ways polite, And Robinson is with the throng. 456 NINETEENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. Three hundred of our bravest men, Who fell on Southern battle plains, Or yielded life in prison pen, That silent host of death contains. We see their faces as of old, We reach for hands we may not clasp; We nevermore can them enfold Within our warm and friendly grasp. But deep within our hearts we hold Remembrance of our gallant dead; And all the scenes of war unfold And clear before our vision spread. Our proudest boast will ever be — While in life's march our footsteps lag — That in the war for liberty, We followed the Nineteenth's flag. St. Louis, Mo., Aug. 25, 1888. 3 9002 01549 4355