YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

From the Library of
ANNIE BURR JENNINGS
the gift of
ANNIE BURR LEWIS

Old Flag
Carried at Concord, 1775.

CONCORD

THE BIRTHPLACE OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE
and the HOME OF EMERSON AND ALCOTT,
of HAWTHORNE AND THOREAU.

WOOD PUBLISHING COMPANY.
HUDSON, MASS.

To the Reader.

^IS book is not alone designed
as a handbook or guide to those
people who intend to visit the
historic and literary fields of
Concord, but contains illustrations of many historic
places in the vicinity of Concord, Boston and other
sections of the state, and also of relics of great
antiquity, which must be of interest to the general
reader. The views have been selected with much care
and will be found exact reproductions of nature, or
counterparts of the handicraft of our forefathers a
century or more ago. In the future it will prove a
pleasant reminder of your visit to these historic
scenes, and a handy book of reference.

MINUTE MAN.

This statue of the Minute Man was designed by a Concord artist and
dedicated on the one hundredth anniversary
of the " Concord fight."

ONCOBD, the first battle ground of American
independence and the home of Emerson,
Alcott, Hawthorne and Thoreau, as the
years go by, becomes more and more a place
of pilgrimage for those who have the
curiosity to witness the spot where the first
blood was shed in defence not only of the
thirteen Commonwealths, but in the
effort to establish a free and independ-
~^W ent republic on these shores. And also
¦*" for perhaps a much larger class, whose
^wjul- literary tastes lead them to the quiet
loveliness of Concord,
" Its silver lakes that unexhausted gleam,
And peaceful woods beside the cottage door."
Says a writer : " We value these not so much for their own grace and
charm as for the pleasure they gave to Emerson and his friends, who have
made the name of Concord as famous in America as Stratford is in Eng
land. Most of all do we think of Emerson there, — since to him, more
than to all the rest does the_town owe its celebrity.''
¥1ST the crest of the hill where the
monument stands, the minute
men and militia formed before
marching down to the front at
the bridge, and their position
in the fight is well represented
by the statue. Said Bev. Mr. Woodbury in his famous speech delivered
before the Massachusetts House of Bepresentatives in 1851 :
"God did well to select old Middlesex, and the loved and revered
center of old Middlesex, namely, Concord, as the spot not where this
achievement was to be completed, but where it was to be begun, and well
begun; where the troops of crowned kings were to meet, not the troops of
the people, but the people themselves ; and be routed and beaten from
the field ; and what is more, and what is better, stay beaten— w% hope, we
doubt not, till the end of time."

THE SCENE OF THE SCRIMMAGE AT LEXINGTON, APRIL 19, 17

The Old Barrett
House.

ONCORD may be reached via the Pitehburg or Boston
& Maine railroads. A few steps below the station
of the latter can be seen the " Minute Man " on
his granite base, who, having met and turned back
the approaching soldiers of King George, still holds
his ground. About two miles distant along the track is the
old Barrett house, and near it the old college road,
recalling the fact- that in the following winter
Harvard College was removed to Concord to allow
its buildings to be used by Revolutionary soldiers.
Leaving the station, take the short street leading eastward, nearly
parellel with the railroad ; turning from which to the left into Monument
street, you will pass along the road followed by the British to the old
North bridge, and crossing the track you will soon reach on the left the
old Manse. [ v On the other side of the street, nearly opposite
is another of the old houses of Concord, in the L
of which, near one of the windows, may be seen a
diamond-shaped mark, showing at its center the
hole made by a British bullet on the day of the
fight. Fastened directly over it is a fragment of the old bridge. 'Place.!
on the lawn in front is a large stone which was originally one of the
stepping-stones of the causeway beyond the bridge, for use when the water
was high ; and over which Capt. Isaac Davis fell, instantly killed by the
volley of British guns which opened the fight.
Passing on, you will come directly to the turn
at the left marked " Battle Ground," which will
bring you, through a short avenue of trees, to the
spot where the initial and decisive blow of our
country was struck. The bridge of that day was
indeed a "rude," simple structure; yet equal to any famed in history in
the importance of the event that here took place. On this side of the
river, evenly dividing the way, is the monumsnt erected in 1835, marking
the ground occupied by the British, and stating, as was the fact, that here
was made "the first forcible resistanc3 to British. aggression." The

Capt. Davis
Pierced by a
Musket Ball.

Where the Decisive
Blow was Struck.

THE OLD BARRETT HOUSE.

result of this resistance is suggested in a small enclosure at the left'
marked by stone posts and chain, where two British soldiers, killed and
left on the ground, were buried. The space beyond the river, whichrises
into a little hill a short distance from it, bears the genial name of Battle
Lawn. On the crest of this hill " the minute men and militia formed be
fore marching down to the front at the bridge," this being the inscription
on the tablet which marks the spot.

SOLDIERS' MONUMENT.
monument Fl'om tllis birthplace of our liberty we pass
Square. down Monument street to Monument square, in
the midst of which stands the soldiers' monument, commemorating
Concord's participation in the civil war. Erom here we enter the Lexing
ton road, up which the British marched, and back which they fled on
that April day.
0,d H.„ At the left rises the Old Hill burying ground,
Burying Ground. where is the grave of Major John Butterick, who
led our men at the bridge. On it the British officers, Major Pitcairn and

Cjlonel Smith w.itche.l the movements of their soldiers, anl of ours also,
arriving from different towns. A little eastward stood the Concord
liberty pole, which was cut down by the British before the fight.

0 your right as you enter this road, at
its junction with Main street, is tl e
old Wright tavern, built in 1747, into
which that morning Major Pitcairn
entered, boasting over his bran ly that he would win the day. The build-

Wright Tavern and
Old fleeting House.

UNITARIAN MEETING HOUSE
Where the first Provincial Congress met October n, 1774.
ing is thought to retain muoh of the general appearance it then had. It
was once kept by Oliver Brown, one of the members of the "Boston Tea
Party." Just beyond, on the same side, stands the Unitarian meeting
house, which then fronted toward the tavern, and which contains some of
the timbers of the original structure built in 1712. The tablet in front
of it will tell you that here the first provincial Congress met Oct. 11, 1774.

HOME OF RALPH WALDO EMERSON.

1

ROCEEDING you will next
come to the Antiquarian house
Antiquarian House. /^i ..O^^N on tlie left' denoted by its
swinging sign between two
trees. It is an historical
building of antique style, in
which a hundred years ago knapsacks and cartridges were made. It is
now owned by the Antiquarian Society, and is filled with colonial relics
and curiosities. A little farther down this road you enter a
A Literary section of the town over which rests, in a special
Atmosphere. degree, the atmosphere of its literary history ;
seeming almost to soften the sterner and earlier
revolutionary associations belonging to this highway. At the divergence
from it on the right of the Cambridge turnpike, within a setting of pine
trees on the side of your approach, is the house, a large square building,
which was Ralph Waldo Emerson's home. It is the restoration as closely
as possible of the house which was partially destroyed by fire in 1873.,
It abounds with memorials of the distinguished essayist and poet ; the
view of it is quickly suggestive of the intellectual influence which has
radiated from it so widely into the world. Its rooms, especially the front
parlor, have echoed to the footsteps and voices of Thoreau, the Alcotts,
father and daughter, Margaret Fuller, and others, who made it a center
of social and literary interchange. Nearly half a mile beyond on the left
is the Orchard house, the home for many years of the Alcott family, and
the place where the Concord school of philosophy was opened by Mr.
Alcott. The "Hillside Chapel," wherein its annual meetings were held,
stands west of the house and farther in from the street. On the same
side of the road, separated from the Alcott house by a wooded growth, is
the Concord home of Xathaniel Hawthorne. Adjoining these grounds
may be seen the parent vine of the Concord grape, originated by Mr.
Ephraim Bull. Nearly a mile beyond is Merriam's Corner, where the
inscriptionon the boulder, reads : " Merriam's Corner — The British Troops,
retreating from the Old ISTorth Bridge, were here attacked in flank by the
men of Concord and neighboring towns, and driven under a hot fire to
Charlestown." And in this part of the town another mile farther on
tands the old square house in which Thoreau was born.

THE ORCHARD HOUSE.

ORCHARD IK USE AND SCI IOOL OF PHILOSOPHY.

ETURN to Monument square,
turn into Bedford street, and
"Sleepy Hollow." )^fl r^3A y0U °°me *° " SleeP^ Hollow"
It is a hollow, indeed, enclosed
as if in sheltering embrace by
a mighty arm of earth ; a pecu
liar formation, of which the part sweeping round before you on entering
rises into a high ridge. Crossing over and ascending the hill by Ridge
path, you find within a small space, on the highest plateau of the ridge,
the special graves you wish to see, those of Thoieau, the Alcctts, Haw
thorne and Emerson ; that of Emerson being marked by a monument of
pink quartz, attractive in rugged naturalness as taken from its original bed.
Returning to the tquare again, you pass up
Main street, the Concord river not far, though hid
den from it on the right; you will observe at the
junction of Main and Sudbury streets the beautiful
Public Library building, the gift of a native citizen, Mr. William Munroe ;
within which, aside from its books, are busts, portraits and other objects
commemorating the local history of the town. Among the many quiet
and goodly residences you will pass is that of the late Judge Hoar on the
right, and above on the other side 1he house in which Thoreau lived sev
eral years, and in which he died. Beyond the river is Lee's hill.
From Main and Thoreau streets, through Sud
bury street, passing the Fitchburg static n, you come
Other Streets. tQ ^Qw street oppOSixe tjje pub]jc Library. On this
sheet you pass the High andtLeEmeison school; in
line with which on Hubbaid street is the Bipley school, named for a foimer
master. Turning into this street from the left, you see at its junction with
Walden street, the meeting house of the Trinitarian church, and from
which, a mile and a half eastward is Walden pond, the scene of so much
of Thoreau's life. To those who come by the Fitchburg railroad or by
teams or bicycles, it would be well to make Monument squaie the start
ing point, from which place the old North bridge, Sleepy Hollow and the
other places of interest are easily reached. The Fitchburg station can
be reached by Thoreau street, leading off of Main street, or the Boston &
Maine station by the Lowell road.

THE OLD NORTH BRIDGE.

The Old North
Bridge.

AWTHORNE thus graphically
and briefly describes the
bridge and the incidents
which made it historical: —
"Here we are at the point
where the river was crossed
by the old bridge, the poses-
sion of which was the immediate object of the contest. On the hither
side grow two or three elms, throwing a wide circumference of shade, but
which must have been planted at some period within the three score years'
and ten that have passed since the battle-day. On the farther shore, over
hung by a clump of elder bushes, we discern the stone abutment of the
bridge. Looking down into the river, I once discovered some heavy frag
ments of the timbers, all green with half a century's growth of water-
moss ; for during that length of time the tramp of horses' and human
footsteps have ceased along this ancient highway. The stream has here
about the breadth of twenty strokes of a swimmer's arm — a space not
too wide when the bullets were whistling across. Old people who dwell
hereabouts will point out the very spots on the western bank where our
countrymen fell down and died ; and on this side of the river an obelisk
of granite has grown up from the soil that was fertilized with British
blood. * The monument, not more than twenty feet in height, is such as it
befitted the inhabitants of a village to erect in illustration of a matter of
local interest rather than what was suitable to commemorate an epoch of
national history. Still, by the fathers of the village, this famous deed
was done ; and their descendants might rightfully claim the privilege of
building a memorial."

The Old Flag.

HERE is an interesting history con
nected with the old flag shown on
the title page of this book. As
the minute men had been hastily
organized, they had no regular
adopted standard, and Nathaniel Page took the old flag that had been
carried by his ancestors in former wars. After the scenes of that
memorable day it was returned to the Page house, and there kept until
the 19th of April, 1875, when it was carried by a delegation of Bedford
citizens in the procession at the centennial celebration at Concord, and
ten years later it was presented by Capt. Cyrus Page to the town of
Bedford. Mr. Appleton, of the Mass. Historical Society said, that in his
opinion "this flag far exceeded in historic value the famed flag of Eutau
and Pulask's banner, and, in fact, is the most precious memorial of its
kind we have any knowledge of."

The Historic Powder
Horn.

ORN at Lexington by James
Hayward, an Acton man, and
through which he was shot and
killed on that eventful 19th of
April. His father Dea. Samuel
Hayward, had time to reach his son before he breathed his last. WThen
asked by his father, if he was sorry he turned out, he pointed to his
bullet pouch and said : " I started out with one pound of powder and forty
balls, you see what is left." The historian tells us he had used all but
three of them. "Tell mother I am not sorry and ask her not to mourn
too much for me. I die willingly for my country. And tell her whom I
loved better than my mother — you know whom I mean — that I am not
sorry. I shall never see her again. May I meet her in heaven."

Inscriptions
on Historical
Tablets.

On a panel cut in Egg Kock at the junction of the rivers :
On the hill Nashawtuck
at the meeting of the rivers
and along the banks
lived the Indian owners of
Musketaquid
before the white man came.
On a slate in the wall of the Hill Burying-ground:
On this Hill
the settlers of Concord
built their meeting house
near which they were buried
on the southern slope of the ridge
were their dwellings during
the first winter
below it they laid out
their first road and
on the summit stood the
liberty pole of the Revolution.

On a Bronze plate set in granite on Lowell Road, near Square :
Here in the house of the
REVEREND PETER BULKELEY
first minister and one of the
founders of this town
a bargain was made with the
Squaw Sachem the Sagamore Tahattawam
and other Indians
who then sold their right in
the six miles square called Concord
to the English planters
and gave them peaceful possession
of the land
A. D. 1636.
On a- panel in a stone west of the Three- Arch Bridge :
On this farm dwelt
SIMON WILLARD
one of the founders of Concord
who did good service for
Town and Colony
for more than forty years.
On a bronze plate set in granite on west side of the Square :
Near this spot stood
the first town house
used for town meetings
and the county courts
1721-1794.
On a stone by the road northwest of the Minute Man :
On this field
the Minute Men and Militia
formed before marching
down to the
fight at the Bridge.
On a stone at the junction of the Old Bedford and Lexington Roads
(Merriam's Corner) : The British troops
retreating from the
Old North Bridge
were here attacked in flank
by the men of Concord
and neighboring towns
and driven under a hot fire
to Charlestown.

On a bronze plate set in granite near the sidewalk on grounds of the
First Parish : THE FIRST PROVINCIAL CONGRESS
of delegates from the towns of
MASSACHUSETTS
was called by conventions of
the people to meet at Concord on the
eleventh day of October 1774.
The delegates assembled here
in the meeting house on that day,
and organized
with John Hancock as President
and Benjamin Lincoln as Secretary.
Called together to maintain
the rights of the people,
THIS CONGRESS
assumed the government of the province
and by its measures prepared the way
for the war of the Revolution.

MINUTE MAN.

OLD MANSE.
WRIGHT TAVERN,

MONUMENT.

A Heroine
of the Concord
Fight.

E give herewith a copy of a portrait of one of the heroines
of the Revolution, Alice Stearns, who while her father and
brother were hastening to the scene of the battle at the
North Bridge, she with two other older sisters, in the
neighboring-town of Bedford, were engaged in preparation of supplies for
the army by making cartridges. The portrait was painted in 1801.

RALPH WALDO EMERSON.

HIS GRAVE. HIS HOME.

The Story of Rural
Concord for two
Centuries.

MERSONin " Hamatreaya," a poem with
a mystical title, told in a few lines the
story of rural Concord for two centuries:
" Bulkeley, Hunt, Willard, Hosmer, Merriam, Flint,
Possessed the land which rendered to their toil
Hay, corn, roots, hemp, flax, apples, wool and wood.
Where are these men ? Asleep beneath their ground,
And strangers, fond as they, their furrows plow,
Each laughs in flowers to see her boastful boys
Earth-proud, proud of the earth which is not theirs ;
Who. steer the plow, but cannot steer their feet
Clear of the grave."

A"

THE EDMUND HOSMER PLACE.
A neighbor and friend of Emerson for many years was Edmund
Hosmer, a farmer, whose picturesque dwelling by the river is here
represented, and over whose well-tilled acres Emerson was fond of walk
ing and of leading his companions. Henry Thoreau was born in the old fashioned
house which a sketch by Miss Richardson has re
stored to its primitive aspect, and though standing
yet it has been removed to another site and has lost the quaint sloping
roof which gave to it an old world character.

"Concord is his
Monument."

HAWTHORNE'S WAYSIDE.

-\ HE Concord home of Nathaniel
Hawthorne seen on opposite
The Wayside." Jif £- Page' WaS named b^ llim

"The Wayside." Of the
rear central part of this house
in which was once kept a
post office for the neighborhood, the " time of building antedates all
traditions." It was sold to Mr. Alcott by the son of a revolutionary officer
in 1845, and by him to Mr. Hawthorne in 1852. Here was the home of
the " Little Women," Jo, Meg, Beth and Amy. Among other improve
ments made by Mr. Hawthorne, after his return from England and Italy,
was the erection upon the main structure of the large, square room which ,
he called "the tower," and which was his study. It was in this house
that before going to Europe he wrote the Tanglewood Tales ; and after
returning the English sketches entitled " Our Old Home." And here he
was at work on " Septimus Felton," when death obliged him to leave the
romance unfinished ; the scene of which was this house and the period
that of the Revolution. The place was sold by his son-in-law, Mr. Geo.
P. Lothrop, in 1883, to Mr. Daniel Lothrop, well-known and gratefully
remembered as a publisher of juvenile literature. It is now owned and
occupied by his widow, who, as " Margaret Sidney " is the writer of
numerous children's books and articles for magazines ; and who is the
President of the National Society of the Children of the American
Revolution.

THE OLD MANSE.

The Old Manse.

HE Manse, the ancient
residence of the parish
minister at Concord, was
built in 1765, for the
Rev. William Emerson. There, in a small back room oh the second floor,
commanding a view of the river, the old North Bridge, and the battlefield
of 1775, Emerson has written his " Nature," six years before ; and in the
same apartment Hawthorne prepared for the press his " Mosses from an
Old Manse." '•' The study," as he says in his account of the old house,
" had three windows set with little, old-fashioned panes of glass, each
with a crack across it ; " and it does not require much imagination, nor
perhaps any violation of history, to suppose that these are the self-same
panes through which the sun shone at the time of Concord fight. The
cracks in them may have been caused by the concussions of musketry on
that memorable April morning. In the opening chapter of "Mosses from
an Old Manse," Hawthorne makes the reader acquainted with his new
abode : — " Bet ween two tall gate-posts of rough-hewn stone (the gate itself
having fallen at some unknown epoch) we beheld the gray front of the old
parsonage, terminating the vista of an avenue of black-ash trees. It was
now a twelvemonth since the funeral procession of the venerable clergy
man, its last inhabitant, had turned from that gateway towards the
village burying ground. * * * It was worthy to have been one of the time-
honored personages of England, in which, through many generations, a
succession of holy occupants pass from youth to age, and bequeath each
an inheritence of sanctity to pervade the house and hover over it as with
an atmosphere."

THOREAU.

THOREAU'S MAIN STREET HOME.
THE WAYSIDE.

HAWTHORNE.

This was the " Eastern Hill " opposite the
old Manse. Emerson loved this spot, and wrote ^_ c + *1 , Vi
in his journal: "I went Sunday evening at -iL\ sAy.?r\. C
sundown to the top of Dr. Ripley's hill and C»o.wL?d
renewed my vows to the genius of that place. Somewhat of awe,
somewhat grand and solemn mingled with the beauty that shined afar,
around. I beheld the river like God's love, journeying out of the gray
past into the green future."

wi&wjflil: \

THOREAU'S BIRTH PLACE

MR. ALCOTT.

ORCHARD HOUSE.
HILLSIDE CHAPEL.

LOUISA M. ALCOTT.

THE BAKER FARM.

" Cell of seclusion,
Haunt of old time,
Rid of confusion,
Empty of crime ;
Landscape where the richest element
Is a little sunshine innocent.
" In thy insidious marsh,
In thy cold, opaque wood,
Thy artless meadows,
And forked orchard's writhing mood,
Still Baker Farm !
There lies in thee a fourfold charm.

" And here a poet builded
In the completed years, —
For behold ! a trivial cabin
That to destruction steers.
And west trends blue Fairhaven bay,
O'er whose stained rocks the white pines
sway ;
And south slopes Nobscot grand,
And north the still Cliffs stand.
" Pan of unwrinkled cream,
May some poet dash thee in his churn !
And, with thy beauty mad,
Verse thee in rhymes that burn, —
Thy beauty — the beauty of Baker Farm.

IM^fc

CONANTUM AND FAIRHAVEN BAY.
These worshipers of nature selected for their homes where surrounding views could be had from the hilltops. Emerson had his
Chaning his cottage on the hill; Alcott his " Hillside," and Thoreau worshiped from many hilltops. One of these, called " Conantum,
of the large farm of Eben Conant, and looked down upon Fairhaven Bay and Baker Farm.

Eastern hill ;
" was a part

: Wbffi i . - i*;3v= - ^

The Thoreau- Alcott
House.

THE THOREAU-ALCOTT HOUSE.
HIS house stood on the right hand of
the " Virginia Road " asTyou come
from Lexington to Concord by that
route, — " an old fashioned, wind
ing, at length deserted pathway."
Thoreau, while a child, was brought to'the village of Concord and in that
village^and the surrounding woods he lived nearly all his life. He died
in the Alcott-Thoreau house, in May, 1862.
The Friends Together ^ was partly chance and partly mutual at-
by the Winding River, traction which brought these friends all together
by the winding river in the year_1842. Emerson
was thirty-one, Alcott, thirty-five, Hawthorne, thirty and Thoreau,
twenty-five.

"THE LONELY COTTAGE ON THE HILL."
Ellery Channing, looking down from his hill, Ponkawtassett, in 1845,
wrote : "In my small cottage on the lonely hill,
Where like a hermit I must bide my time,
Surrounded by a landscape lying still
All seasons through, as in the winter's prime, —
Rude and as homely as these verses chime, —
I have a satisfaction which no king
Has often felt — or Fortune's happier thing.
" For all about me live New England men,
Their humble houses meet my daily gaze, —
The children of this land, where life again
Flows like a great stream in sunshiny ways ;
This is a joy — to know them — and my days
Are rilled with love to meditate on them,
These native gentlemen on Nature's hem.

" This man takes pleasure o'er the crackling fire ;
His glittering axe subdued the monarch oak ;
He earned the cheerful blaze by something higher
Than pensioned blows, — he owned the trees he stroke,
And knows the value of the distant smoke,
When he returns at night, his labor done,
Matched in his action with the long day's sun."

THE SAMUEL HOAR PLACE.
Samuel Hoar married a daughter of Roger Sherman, the Connecticut
statesman. He died in 1856. He had two illustrious sons, the late Judge
E. Rockwood Hoar and Senator Hoar, the Gladstone of America. This
was also the home of Samuel Hoar, Esq., and of Hon. Sherman Hoar —
sons of Judge Hoar.

v -¦-'-:

-: v"';

THE OLD "HOWE TAVERN," OR THE FAMOUS "WAYSIDE INN" OF LONGFELLOW.

)HIS famous hostelry is reached
from Concord by the Sudbury
The Wayside Inn. ^(iOlMr^lV roa(h Every lover of Long
fellow knows its history well.
The great poet has clothed
the ancient landmark with a
romance that has made its name world-wide. About the facts which
Longfellow was able to gather from others, he arranged such a setting of
romance and legendry lore as his poetic mind knew how to employ, and
the story of "The Wayside Inn" has been read by people of all nations.
It was built about the beginning of the eighteenth century by Daniel
Howe, and was opened as a public house, and for years was known as the
' Red Horse." For more than a century and a half this place was kept
as an inn. Wrote Longfellow :
" As ancient is this hostelry
As any in the land may be,
Built in the old Colonial day,
When men lived in a grander way
With ampler hospitality ;
A kind of old Hobgoblin Hall,
Now somewhat fallen to decay,
With winter stains upon the wall,
And stairways worn, and crazy doors,
And chimneys hugh and tiled and tall."
The region about this old ordinary corresponds to the building itself,
reminding one of the Sleepy Hollow among the highlands of the Hudson
described by Washington Irving. Indeed, so aptly does Longfellow
describe the place where the house is situated that we quote further from
his beautiful verse. A region of repose it seems,
A place of slumber and of dreams.
Remote among the wooded hills !
For there no railroad speeds
Its torch-race, scattering smoke and gleeds.

¦ 2P$r«tt -p«tfro6aAtf««8 %

THE OLD OAK AT WAYSIDE INK.

Along the highway to the eastward in the direction of South Sudbury
which from this place is about two miles distant, are still standing several
ancient oaks. These trees were, doubtless, standing and had considerable
growth when lot number forty-eight was of the town's common land, and
owned by Tantamous and others who signed the Indian deed in 1684, by
which the new grant lands were conveyed. Beneath them Washington
and his retinue passed, and perhaps Wadsworth and Brocklebank when
they sped in their haste to save Sudbury from Philip, and along procession
of travelers, since the opening of the way to Marlborough from the Hop
Brook mill, has passed under their venerable shade. Soldiers to Ticon-
deroga and Crown Point, and the various expeditions to the west and
north in the Revolutionary and French and Indian Wars have halted in
their march as they approached this picket line of ancient oaks that were
deployed at the approach to the Inn.
The Old Oak at J-ne °^ oa^> a sketch of which is given on the
Wayside Inn. opposite page, stands near the Inn, and within its
hollow trunk a party of half a dozen can easily accommodate themselves..

>0fc
GE.ORGE m
PRATE R-B°»K

CCUPYING a commanding position at Sudbury
Centre, and overlooking the ancient grave yard
where lie buried many of the men who partici
pated in the stirring scenes of the American
Revolution, stands a fine memorial in granite,
dedicated on June 17, 1896, with impressive
ceremonies. The inscriptions on its die in
polished and raised letters are as follows : " Tribute of Sudbury to her
Revolutionary Patriots." "Erected 1896, in Honor of the Soldiers and
Sailors of Sudbury, who fought at Lexington, Concord, Bunker Hill and
other battles of the Revolutionary War. 1775 — 1783." A distinguishing
characteristic of the Sudbury monument is the life sized statue of an
early Revolutionary soldier which surmounts it. The statue is cut from
fine grained, white, Westerly R. I., granite. The design of this figure is
believed to be the only one of its kind. The remainder of the structure
was quarried at Quincy, Mass. This monument stands seventeen feet
high above the foundation and is seven feet square at the base. The late
Mrs. Joanna Gleason, who was a descendant from patriotic ancestors, gave
one thousand dollars towards the Sudbury monument, and thus aided in
the cultivation of a sufficient amount of public spirit to place the old town
in the same list with Concord, Lexington and Acton, as regards their
contributions to Middlesex county history, in providing monuments to
the memory of their noble dead. At the battle of Bunker Hill, Sudbury
was represented by three companies, which were commanded by captains
from this town. Her sons were also in service at other prominent military
engagements, both in and out of New England, and in many instances
became noted for their bravery.

THE TWO BROTHERS ON THE BANKS OF CONCORD RIVER.

Oov. Winthrop and
His Brother.

N the banks of the Concord river
near where its waters touch the
western border of the town of
Bradford, one cannot fail to see
ground on which Governor Win
throp and his brother stood two
centuries and a half ago — dressed in short clothes, cloak and muff —
looking for a home in this young settlement. Here they moor their bark,
select their farms and became brothers indeed. The " Two Brothers "
still stand out alone, as conspicuous as is the record of the founder of
Massachusetts Bay Colony, among the records of his successors in office.

A Bit of Bedford
History.

GOV. WINTHROP AND HIS BEDFORD FARM.
ROM a "Chapter of old Bedford
history," written by Mr. Abram
English Brown, we excerpt
many interesting facts. The
southern boundary of Governor
Winthrop's farm was " Concord
old line," one side of the " six mile square'7 which Rev. Peter Bulkley and
his associates purchased of the Indian*. Although the governor enjoyed
the satisfaction of possessing the land his life was^so absorbed in the
events of the colony he seldom if ever visited the place afterwards, and
fifteen years after his death it was sold to Job Lane of Maiden, and he
built a house upon the eastern side of the farm. It was used as a garri
son during the time of King Phillip's war. The first road laid out from
Billerica to Concord, in 1660, crossed the Winthrop farm.

Hill on the
Shawshine.

The mill on Shawshine river, which crossed the Winthrop farm before
King Phillip's War. It is recorded that the mill was burnt during the
Indian outbreak. If so, it was soon rebuilt, and there has been a mill
for the accommodation of the farmers ever siuce.

-.^qpg = .^,

CHESTNUT AVENUE
The site of the home of Lieut. Stearns, which leads to the residence
and historic grounds.

The Old Oak.

o

N the extreme southeastern border of
the Winthrop farm is a mammoth oak
tree, and while many of its companions
were sacrificed by the pioneers to build
the strong frame of the first meeting house in that tbwn, this tree stands
a living monument of many transactions since John Winthrop selected
his farm. In the vicinity of
this tree, the " minute men "
of the town were marshalled
in the morning twilight of
April 19, 1775 ; and at the
tavern near by, kept by Jere
miah Fitch, the young sol
diers who had left their
homes at the midnight alarm
were given refreshment, be
fore starting for Concord.
Words of their brave captain Jonathan Willson, on leaving the tavern,
were, " This is |
a cold break
fast, boys, but
we'll give the
British a hot
dinner ; we'll
have every dog ' £
of them before
night." ¦flpP* — THE OLD MEETING HOUSE.

The Bacon
Homestead.

The house at the Bacon homestead is one of the most ancient in town,
seven generations of the family having been born under its^ancient roof.

Road Dividing the
Winthrop
Farm.

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View of Boston Harbor and the British Fleet, 1768. []

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x^.-y'^V ¦¦¦¦¦:"¦:¦ V'; .'¦;.:'" ¦:;/,,,-¦;.

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Old view of Boston, from the road leading to Dorchester, from Des
Bane's Charts 1776.
THE OLD NORTH CHURCH.

OLD HOLLV ST. CHURCH.

The Signal Lights.

N the evening of April 18,
1775, the sexton of the Old
North Church sat quietly in
his house on Salem street
awaiting the arrival of his
friend, Capt. Thomas Barnard
who was watching the move
ments of the regulars ; while on the other side of the river, Paul Revere
watched and waited for the signals that notified him of their route. But
the story of that gleam of light; that midnight ride, and cry of alarm,
is well known to all readers of this book. The church is situated near
the summit of Copp's hill, in the extreme north end of the city. It was
built in 1728.

PAUL REVERE'S HOUSE.

OLD SOUTH MEETING-HOUSE.
Is on the corner of Washington and Milk streets,
The society was organized in 1669. In this
building Benjamin Franklin was baptized ; War
ren here delivered his famous speech on the an
niversary of the Boston massacre ; the " Tea
Tarty " meetings were held here, and a multitude
of patriotic associations cluster within these walls.

INTERIOR OF THE OLD SOUTH CHURCH.

J. .

New England
Churches.

R. Price Collier in an article to
the New England Magazire
in 1893, writes about the
old Hingham meeting-house
and in the history of that
church may be found the
history of the ancient churches of Xew England. The old Meeting-house
in Hingham, was built in 1681, and is the oldest church building in the
United States that has been used continuously for public worship. Time
adds an element of preciousness to the things of this life which nothing
else can give, and a church in these United
States that numbers its birthdays by cen
turies has a value far

greater than is revealed
by the mere enumeration
of its material qualities.
That the building itself
is old, that its beams
were hacked out by the
swinging axes of
founders of the Common
wealth,, that the walls
have echoed to the voices
of the very men
braved the sea and
the savage for free
dom of worship, that
one may touch to
day the very same
substance touched
by the men and
women of two hun
dred and fifty years
ago, that one may
kneel before his God
under the same

PULPIT IN HINGHAM MEETING-HOUSE.

THE OLDEST CHURCH IN QUINCY.

rafters where have knelt his ancestors for six or seven generations, 
even these facts do not account for the intangible sacredness that
escapes and remains after one has enumerated the sum of all its parts. It
is all that it is, multiplied by time,
that makes it of so great account
to those who worship in it, and
even to those who only hear of
its existence. The walls were
clapboarded inside and out, this
being more necessary as there were
stoves in the house until 1822.
seats were simple oak benches
|nged in rows. The deacons
had their separate seat,
and there was one pew
seserved for the widow of
the first minister and the
wife of the second.
When one recalls the
stoveless church, the three
services, each of them
longer than two of our
services, the entire lack
of facilities for transpor
tation, no instrumental

w- ¦ >
A CORNER IN THE OLD MEETING-HOUSE.
music, and very nasal psalming for vocal music, one can but admit that
these men endured much for the privilege of worship. It would be inter
esting to know something more than we do know about the feeling of the
men and women of that time in regard to what is now called among
Congr egationalists, "the enrichment of the service." Their greatest
antipathy was, of course, anything that smacked of popery, anything that
had a Laudian tinge to it, and probably their music suffered from this.
The Pilgrims of Plymouth brought with them as a hymn-book "The Book
of Psalms Englished both in Prose and Meeter," which was the manual
of Henry Ainsworth, and this book was used in Plymouth as late as 1692.
Sternhold and Hopkins's version of the psalms was the book used by the

A Former Pastor of the Old West Church, Boston.

Puritans who settled
Massachusetts. The
method employed in sing
ing was much the same in
all the churches ; one of
the elders read a single
line, and those* who could
sing arose in different
parts of the meeting-hous t
and repeated it after him,
and so on until the psalm
was finished. At the very beginning
of this century (1801), a
bass-viol was bought by
the parish, and Mr. Bar
nabas Lincoln was invited
a member of the orchestra. to assist in leading the
bass therewith. Several other musical instruments were introduced from
time to time, a clarionet, tenor viol, violin bassoon and flute, but the bass-
viol and the flute were relied upon principally to give effect to the per
formance. For half a century — perhaps longer — one man played upon
the bass-viol, and this light-hearted old man of ninety, whose death some
years ago seemed to tike some of the sunlight out of the parish, ¦> would
talk with interest of those days before the "godless box of whustles"
was introduced into
the church. Both in their
church manners and
church music, how
ever, these descend
ants of the Laud-
baited Puritans kept
to a strictly simple
and almost stiff
service. FIRST CHURCH, ROXBURY.

The mortification of the flesh entailed
by hard and backless seats, and a theology
almost as hard and demanding equally
with the seats uncommon endurance in
the vertebrae, was part of the joy of the
service. It is not to be wondered at there
fore that a boy being switched upon the
horse-block outside, for inattention inside
the meeting-house, was often an accom
paniment of the Lord's Day observances.
For many years in New England the clergy were much more than
church functionaries. They furnished to the people their literary
pabulum and their social centre as well. As one lcoks to one's journal

REV. EBENEZER GAY.

THE THIRD MEETING-HOUSE OF THE FIRST CHURCH IN BOSTON, 1711.

or magazine to-day for comment, criticism and exposition, so in those
days the people looked to the sermon of the village minister.
Wherever one finds to-day in the west, the south or the north the
men whose ancestors sat in the old meeting-houses of these old New
England towns one finds men self-reliant, independent and actively in
terested in the affairs both of church and state. What the rough training
of the wilderness did for them lias filtered down into the blood of their
descendants.

REV. JOHN BAILEY.
John Bailey was a preacher of wide reputation. In their journals,
John Winthrop and Judge Sewell frequently speak of going to Water-
town to hear him; and Bailey has left, in his reports of his own sermons,
pen-pictures of his audience that show representatives of eight or ten
different towns. He had been imprisoned in England for his refusal to
conform, and was sent over seas because he refused to sell himself for a
bishopric. His consuming zeal and his prison life sent him prematurely
to his grave. ,

THE WASHINGTON ELM, CAMBRIDGE.

The Washington Elm, Cambridge, under whose shade July 3, 1775,
Washington first drew his sword as general of
the colonial forces.

THE OLD COOLIDGE TAVERN. WATERTOWN.
Hither, on the 2d of July, 1776, came George Washington, on his
way to take command of the continental forces about Boston, slept over
night in the Coolidge tavern, and the next morning attended divine service
in the meeting-house.

FANEUIL HALL BEFORE ITS ENLARGEMENT.

MEMBERS OF THE BOSTON TEA PARTY.

Henry Purkitt,
Joseph Lovering,
Samuel Sprague,
Thomas Melvill,

5. George R. T. Howes,
0. Nathaniel Bradley,
7. David Kinnison, '
8. Lendall Pitts.

FROM THE ENGRAVING BY PAUL REVERE.

THE STATE HOUSE, BOSTON.

k

n

FAXELTL HALL, THE "CRADLE OF LIBERTY."

GOV. ENDICOTT.

GOV. BRADSTREET.

THE CAPT. ISAAC DAVIS MONUMENT ACTON
Capt. Davis was the first to fall, instantly killed by the volley of British guns at Concord.

«-c^> T.KE Of\IGlHAL OF o-j-.
"OUR SUB. SEMElaEB MMHH."
dimei^io^S' or the n.AO.;»*" rtcr.

17th CENTURY PORTRAITS.

The Van Rensselaer House at Greenbush as it appears to-day.
The Birthplace of " Yankee Doodle."

OLD CLOCK, BEDFORD CHURCH.

Here lit Tke ^niai^s of

 r

fHE GREEN DRAGON.

THE SPINET.

ANCIENT FAMILY PI. A I'E.

AN ANCIENT CARD TABLE AND SIDE-BOARD.

%)B%m*ft v^^q

COMFORT AT THE OLD-FASHIONED FIRE SIDE.

From the engraving of Bough ton's celebrated painting, by permission of Knocdler A Co.
PRISCILLA.

PRISCILLA.
HY HETTA LORD HAYES WARD.
I climb the bare, brown hill,
The hollows hide a gleam of lingering snow,
The April winds blow chill,
And icy cold the tinkling waters flow.
Dark alders bow to me,
Yellow and brown with burning tips of red,
Their limp tags tossing free ;
The pussy-willow nods her downy head.
Though winter lingers long,
I see the sky serene and clear and blue;
I hear a robin's song ;
I brush the ground-pine, wet with frosty dew.
I walk in shadows dim,
Where plumy boughs of perfumed pines hang low,
I hear their holy hymn ;
The forest's silence, and its psalm I know.
Soft shadows flicker down
On scaly cones, gray moss, and dead sweet-fern ;
I scan the carpet brown,
And fancied patterns faintly I discern.
Though rude the air, and chill
With melting snow, and winds are blowing keen,
The pink arbutus still
Steps bravely out, hooded in brown and green.
From blast and frost and ice,
She gathers strength, with craft both wise and sweet ;
She stores her hoards of spice ;
In poverty, rounds out a life complete.
Here on New England hills
Dwell mayflower maidens, brave and fair and good,
Whose sturdy sweetness fills
Each lonely home, as these perfume the wood.
So in our grandsire's day
Priscilla grew, in war's and woe's despite,
Till, like the flower of May,
Her blushing spring put frost and gloom to flight.
Sweet-vested Pilgrim flower,
Daughte. of sun and snow, and peace and wrath,
Give to us girls for dower
Such strength and sweetness as the mayflower hath.

Old Meeting House in which was held the
second and third sessions of the
Provincial Congress.