•smmmmmsssz TTT p*»B«ii(«a~fa The story of the building up of Buffalo is so won derful as to be the cause of issuing this publi cation in order that all who read it mav learn for themselves whv and how this citv has forged to the front and is now among the leaders of big American mu nicipalities in all lines of urban activities. This, and the fact that Buffalo's remarkable record has been achieved within a period of less than a decade, makes the story not only of interest but one of great value to all persons who have love of their cities, and, inspired by a spirit of municipal pride, de sire to make the most of what they have for the betterment of their fellow citizens in all parts of this domain. Buffalo's remarkable growth and exceptionally fine ITS BUFFALO future prospects did not just happen. The growth made within the past ten years — yes, within the past five years — could not have been achieved naturally any more than one could expect a beautiful garden to grow of its own accord in a rich river bottom or deep in the heart of the Adirondacks. With all the elements of good soil, sunshine, and plenty of water available, there is al- wavs one factor essential in the making of a garden, and that factor is man. Buffalo, from the time it came into existence, has always had the natural advantages which it now possesses. From time to time these were devel oped by man through the building of railroads, the construction of harbor and canal facilities, the es tablishing of water transportation lines, and such other m> ALBRIGHT ART GALLERY One of the largest and most attractive of any in the United States Page Five PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN BUFFALO COMPLETED WITHIN THE PAST TWO YEARS work as always goes with the growth and develop ment of a city. HARNESSING THE NIAGARA The quickening came, however, with the har nessing of the mighty Niagara and making it sub missive to the needs of man. The application of electrical power for the moving of machinery and the operation of factories and street cars and the lighting of big cities created an industrial revolution along the Niagara Frontier, and necessitated a re- adjustment which was made with the utmost dispatch, resulting in an impetus to commercial activities from which there has never been any re action. It has been one continuous onward and upward trend, always optimistic and always meeting full expectations, however high they were aimed. TELEPHONE BUILDING Home of the New York Telephone Company MARINE NATIONAL BANK BUILDING Capital and Surplus, Ten Million Dollars No better evidence of the optimism and confidence of Buffalo business men in the progress and future welfare of their city could be given than to recall the manner in which they launched and financed the Pan-American Exposition, which gained for Buffalo an international fame and made the city's beauties and attractions, its resources and stability, known to the uttermost ends of the earth, the knowledge being gained in that most impressive and valuable manner, by personal investigation and study, incidental to the visit to the exposition. Although inter national in character, and participated in by practically every power in the world and nearly every country of South America, the exposition was a Buffalo product, created by Buffalo busi ness men and financed by Buffalo capital. Page Si'-r PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN BUFFALO COMPLETED WTTHIN THE PAST TWO YEARS THE SPIRIT OF BUFFALO The spirit which harnessed the Niagara and pointed the way for other communities to benefit themselves by utilizing the wasted water-powers of the nation, and which made the Pan-American Exposition a reality, still prevails here and mani fests its energy in daily routine of life on every hand. It is this spirit working in manifold ways which is grinding away steadily and forcing Buffalo to the front to assume its rightful place as one of the largest municipalities of the New World, as well as one of the largest industrial centers on the globe. This being a commercial age, cities, like indi viduals, are measured by the successes they have achieved; only, in the case of cities, one wishes to know about the progress it is making, such progress always being gauged according to purely material BUFFALO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY BUILDING What, then, has Buffalo done to command attention? How has it progressed in pop ulation, industrial life, and building activity, taking three questions more often asked in this country about a city than any others ? GAINS IN POPULATION From 1890 to 1900 Buffalo gained a total of 96,723 in population, accord ing to the Federal Census figures. From 1900 to 1910 it gained a total of 71,3-28, ac- cording to the same reliable authority. IROQUOIS GAS COMPANY BUILDING BY-ER BUILDING Page Sei'en PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN BUFFALO COMPLETED WITHIN THE PAST TWO YEARS And in the three years since 1910, according to carefully compiled and conservative estimates, it has gained a total of 36,740 in population, with every indication that this growth will not only continue throughout the remainder of the decade, but that it will increase in like proportion from year to year. Taking figures, however, as they are, one need not be a mathematician to comprehend that in the past three years the city has gained more than half as much in population as it gained throughout the entire preceding decade. That Buffalo will be a city of approximately 650,000 population, when the census for 1920 is CURTISS BUILDING taken, is both a foregone conclusion and a conservative statement. BUILDING IN BUFFALO Extent of building operations are always closely allied with increase in population, and here again Buffalo shines. In 1902, the total of building permits ROOT BUILDING issued in the city, expressed in dollars, was $5,433,078. In 1912, ten years later, the total was $13,893,206.94. For five years, beginning with 1906 and ending with 1910, the total of building operations in Buffalo was approximately $43,000,000. For the three years begin ning with 1910 and ending with 1913, the total of building operations in Buffalo was $36,465,000. In other words, for the five ROOT-CALL MET BUILDING Page Eight PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN BUFFALO COMPLETED WITHIN THE PAST TWO YEARS year period covered by the Federal Cen sus, Buffalo spent in round numbers $28,714 every working day for new buildings. In the past three years the city spent an average of $-10,516 each working day for new buildings. The amounts spent each working day for the several years referred to are as follows: 1911, $34,546; 1912, $43,366; 1913, $43,696. BURRELL BUILDING A table showing the number of permits issued annually in Buffalo and the amount of building done each year from 1912 to date is appended herewith : Year 19021903 1904 Number Permits 2,1092,011 2,07? Value of Buildings $4,433,078 6,263,402 6,638,310 BERRICK BUILDING Year Number Permits Value of Buildings 1905 2,886 $7,401,006 1906 2,867 8,686,000 1907 3,039 8,411,000 1908 2,788 6,847,000 1909 3,361 9,895,000 1910 3,494 9,232,000 1911 3,402 10,364,000 1912 4,090 12,992,000 1913 3,977 13,109,380 SIDWAY BUILDING BUFFALO'S FACTORY PLANTS In the number of factory plants Buffalo's growth shows equally amazing results. The total number of factories in the city in 1900 Page Xine PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN BUFFALO IX COURSE OF CONSTRUCTION «.E55.iulibSj ^ m was 1.47S: the close of 1913 shows a total of 2.074 fac tory plants in Buf falo, indicating a gain of 596 plants in the last thirteen years. It should be noted, however, that for the five- year period from 1900 to 1905 Buf falo gained only sixty of these plants NEW MASTEN PARK HIGH SCHOOL NEW TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL and that from 1905 to 1910 we gained 215 plants. In the three years subsequent to 1910 the gain was 321 plants, or forty-six plants more than were gained throughout the entire preceding ten years. In other words, in the last thirteen years Buffalo has made a gain of 40 per cent. in the number of factory plants in the city, and 54 per cent, of this gain was made in the last three years. Assuming that the increases in pay-roll, capital invested in plants, and annual value of products turned out by the Page Ten NEW HUTCHINSON HIGH SCHOOL PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN BUFFALO IN COURSE OF CONSTRUCTION slim. mraga NEW HOME OF THE MANUFACTURERS AND TRADERS NATIONAL BANK plants, are in the same proportion in the past three years that it was in the preceding five years, the standing of Buffalo industries to-day would be as follows: Annual pay-roll, $54,- 364,000; capital invested in plants, $276,677,000; annual value of prod ucts, $325,445,000. This indicates a gain in three years in pay-rolls of $16,289,000; in capital invested of $83,636,000; in value of products of $106,141,000. Comparing these gains with the gains made in the five-year period preceding, namely, 1905 to 1910, we find that the increase dur ing the preceding five years in pay rolls was $10,910,000; in capital $56,018,000; and in value of prod- PROPOSED NEW SOUTH PARK HIGH SCHOOL Page Eleven GREATER BUFFALO MAIN PLANT AND HEADQUARTERS OF PRATT & LAMBERT, INC. Varnish Makers. The World's Largest Varnish Makers ucts, $71,426,000. In other words, in the past three years the gain in pay-roll was approximately $6,000,000 greater than the pay-roll gain for the preceding five years, while the gain in capital was approxi mately $27,000,000 greater than the gain of the preceding five years, and the gain in value of products put out by Buffalo factories was approximately $35,000,000 more in the last three years than the total increase for the preceding five years. ruffalo ESSENTIALS IN FACTORY LOCATING SAVINGS bank Qf the elements always considered in locating a factory there are ROGERS-BROWN IRON COMPANY Manufacturers of "Susquehanna" Pig Iron Page Twelve GREATER BUFFALO VXD HOME OFFICES OF CYPHERS INCUBATOR COMPANY Manufacturers of Incubators, Brooders, and General Poultry Appliances and Supplies. Is the largest establishment of Occupies eight and one-third acres of land near center of city. Operates branch houses in New York, Hoston Kansas City, Oakland, and London, England its kind in the world. Chicago, at least five that must come in for careful consideration. They are availability of raw material, transportation facil ities, labor available, money outlay involved, and last, but not least, the market provided for the factory output. The superficial man, in considering Buffalo as a pos sible location for his factory, undoubtedly would be satis fied of his future by the pointing out to him how various Buffalo industries have grown. A case like that of the Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company, which started here in -— if. Lm i PLANT OF THE HEWITT RUBBER COMPANY Manufacturers of Mechanical Rubber Goods Page Thirteen GREATER BUFFALO mm JIB PLANT OF THE WICKWIRE STEEL COMPANY Manufacturers of Pig Iron a small way only a few years ago, would interest him very much, particularly if he were told that this company now pays out annually, in wages, some three million dollars. He would also be interested in the figures of other Buffalo industries, some of which have doubled their original capacity annually for at least a dozen years. The case of the Larkin Company;. which began life in a tiny frame structure and which now does an annual business running high into the millions, would also be accepted by such a man as sufficient evidence of the value of an industrial location in Buffalo. In these days of keen competition in the industrial world, FEDERAL BUILDING AND POST-OFFICE when any advantage in freight rates or shipping facilities often spells gain or loss of big contracts, and when ability to purchase raw materi al to advantage often is the only thing which puts the big figures on the right side of the ledger at the close of the year, it is necessary t o make a critical and minute study of a PLANT OF THE BUFFALO PITTS COMPANY Traction Farm Steam Engines, Gasoline Tractors. Road Locomotives, Road Cars, Grain Threshers, Rice Threshers, and Bean Threshers Page Fourteen G R E ATER BUFFALO city's industrial advantages be fore one can be assured posi tively as to such city's real merits in this respect. INDUSTRIAL GAINS IN THREE YEARS As a further indication that the upward trend now being en joyed by Buffalo is a matter of recent development, we have only to compare the gains made in pay-roll, capital, and factory output in the last three years with the total gain made in these items in the past thirteen years. In doing this we find that in 1900 the annual pay-roll of Buffalo amounted to $19,107,000, the capital invested in plants was $95,740,000, and the value of products, $105,627,000; and that the total gains made in the succeeding thirteen years were as follows: Pay-roll, $35,257,000; capital, $180,937,- 000; value of products, $219,818,000. Analysis of these totals of gains for the past thirteen years shows that in pay rolls the increase during the past three years was nearly one-half of the entire total for the past thirteen years, while the increase in capital during the past three years was also nearly one-half of the total gain for the entire thirteen years, and the gain in factory output for the three-year period, just closed, was nearly one-half of the total gain for the thirteen years. SHELTO.N SQUARE DURING A PARADE PLANT OF THE SNOW STEAM PUMP WORKS Manufacturers of Pumping Machinery for all Services, and for Gas Engines from 100 H. P. to 5,000 H. P. each Page Fifteen GREATER BUFFALO BUFFALO WrORKS OF THE OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY Most of the prominent buildings of Buffalo are equipped with Otis Elevators. Sales Office, Franklin and Huron streets Year Number of Plants 1900 1,478 1905 1,538 1910 1,753 1913 2,074 Buffalo's Industrial Growth Capital Pay-roll $ 95,740,000 $19,107,000 137,023,000 27,164,000 193,041,000 38,074,000 276,677,000 54,364,000 Gains Made for Years Indicated In Capital In Pay-roll $ 8,0.37,000 10,910,00016,289,000 In Number of Plants For the five years from 1900 to 1905, . . 60 $41,283,000 For the five vears from 1905 to 1910, . . 215 56,018,000 For the three vears from 1910 to 1913, ' 321 83,636,000 Value of Products $105,627,000 147,378,000 218,804,000325,445,000 In Value of Products $ 41,751,00071,426,000 100,641,000 Percentage of Total Gain in Number of Factory Plants, etc., in Buffalo in the Past Three Years as Against Previous Ten Years Value of Plants Capital Pay-roll Products From 1900 to 1910, . . .461 .537 .535 .515 From 1910 to 1913, 11 IlflUllii. Page Sixteen BUFFALO WORKS OF THE PRATT & LETCHWORTH COMPANY Producers of Malleable Iron and Steel Castings GREATER BUFFALO REASONS FOR INDUSTRIAL GROWTH A study of the tables shown prompts the very natural in quiry as to the cause for Buffalo's growth in general and the remarkable progress made within the past three years as indi cated. Stated briefly, the general growth made by the city is attributable in large ELLICOTT SQUARE BUILDING measure to Buffalo's natural location plus certain artificial facil ities which are in evitably provided in cidental to the build ing up of a large center of population. With particular refer ence to the record of the past three years as emphasized in the tables on page sixteen, more will be set forth in discuss ing the pregnant work of the Buffalo Chamber of Com merce. PLANT OF THE BUFFALO SMELTING COMPANY Manufacturers of Copper Ingots, Wire Bars, and Rolling Mill Cake Page Seventeen GREATER BUFFALO WurerwiT^ =P E a » SB ¦?• !H 3? g * 5 S3 33 1 - - fL-^ -aa**r%>- "7 TECUMSEH STREET PLANT THE REPUBLIC METALWARE COMPANY"S FACTORIES Manufacturers of Sheet Metal Goods and Enameled Ware. Branch Houses in New York and Chicago To go back, therefore, to what might be termed the general or natural growth of the city, it is well to consider the various elements best conducive to attain ing such growth, and there is no better way to bring out such facilities than in studying what might be termed the logic or philosophy of factory location, for after all, in the great majority of cases, the importance and size of cities are commensurate with their indus trial development. A city which can best meet the requirements of the CASINO AND LAKE DELAWARE PARK ¦ '* *'' " ¦ -,<*¦*¦ -:- ,....*«*- - *»¦ f i / '#***--. ;;-«~iSS25S^**HH is&& ^¦^^T'jSTp^' l^tf \K,jt * N^ »r m * ^i | a * . PLANT OF THE BUFFALO FOUNDRY' AND MACHINE COMPANY- (NIGHT SCENE) The Largest Manufacturers of Heavy Castings in the United States Page Eighteen GREATER BUFFALO ¦"**""">*¦**&££ BUFFALO PLANT, WASHBURN-CROSBY' COMPANY Manufacturers Gold Medal Flour manufacturer is bound to grow industrially, whereas, one which lacks, even though it be in only one or two essentials, can never become great industrially. The fundamental principles of successful factory location are just as basic as the determining of the course of a stream by the topography of the country through which it flows. DELAWARE PARK BRIDGE VARIATION IN INDUSTRIES Buffalo has been put to the acid test in every requirement entering into success ful factory location and has never been found wanting. That this test has been more far-reaching than that undergone by most cities of its size is indicated by PLANT OF THE NORTHLAND RUBBER COMPANY Manufacturers of Automobile Tires and Tubes Page Nineteen GREATER BUFFALO Main Street Store Market Building, Washington and Eagle streets. Connected by underground tun nel with Main Street Store ffcii cajsai ^***s> the fact that of all lines of indus try recognized by the Federal Cen sus Bureau, Buf falo has 60 per cent. In other words, this city's facilities are such as to make it the logical home for a great bulk of the industries repre sented in the United States. In reference to the five fundamen tal principles en tering into proper factory location, referred to pre viously, it may not be amiss to go into a few details. All raw mate rials found in the Great Lakes re gion and contigu ous territory are easily available for Buffalo manufacturers generally, and therefore can be laid down at their doors with little trouble and at the lowest possible cost. ONE THOUSAND MILES OF TRACKS Seven hundred miles of steam railroad tracks and 375 miles of street railway tracks within the city limits of the city give Buffalo exceptional facilities to meet internal traffic needs as well as incoming and outgoing traffic requirements. The seventeen railroads and ten steamship lines which have terminal facilities here 1 1 1 ) | n II I i u i j mi hi PLANT OF THE BUFFALO CO-OPERATIVE STOVE COMPANY Manufacturers of the Famous Amherst Stoves, Ranges, and Furnaces. Also Fine Jobbing Castings Page Twenty-eight GREATER BUFFALO bearing upon Buffalo . That the success of this enormous under taking is dependent in large degree upon proper terminal facil ities at Buffalo, and that the State is con vinced of this, is evi denced by the fact that, through its Cana Board, the State ha: just awarded con tracts for the con m ^i1 1 [iiEiEC.il .Huir tuinnnn miu ..y!iljiH_E_EjynL I 1 81 fa TfH ill 1 i THE FIDELITY TRUST CO. S BUILDING PLANT OF THE J. P. DEVINE COMPANY Manufacturers of Vacuum Pumps, Vacuum Drying, Impregnating, and Evaporating Pumps struction of Barge Canal Terminals in this city to cost upwards of $2,500,- 000. One of these terminals, the smaller of the two, will be located in the Ohio Basin and the other will be in the Erie Basin. The latter terminal will undoubtedly be the most important in the State outside of New York Citv, and its construction will be such as to permit of the most rapid transfer possible of cargoes from big lake boats to canal boats, or vice versa. BARGE AND PANAMA CANALS COMPARED In new of the fact that Chicago, Cleveland, and other big lake ports, not, of course, excepting Buffalo, consider that this canal gives them actual seaport facilities, enabling them to lay their products down in the ports of New York and Boston without the necessity of breaking bulk, it may be worth while considering some of the big features of this $130,000,000 JACOB DOLD PACKING COMPANY (BUFFALO PLANT) Home of the Dold-Quality Meat Products Page Twenty-nine GREATER BUFFALO IROQUOIS HOTEL undertaking of the State. The comparative figures set forth below show some of the most striking facts with reference to the Barge and Panama canals: Barge Canal — Five hundred and forty miles long: total lockage lift, 1,050 feet; dams, thirty-nine; locks, fifty-seven lift, two guard, and nine smaller locks ; number of structures, between 350 and 400 : cost, $127,800,000 ; built by State with a population of 9,000,000; excavation, estimated total, 114,000,100 cubic yards ; concrete, estimated total, 2.750,000 cubic yards; excavation to January 1, 191:;, 78,428,286 cubic yards; work begun, April 24. 1905. Panama Canal — Fifty miles long; total lockage lift, 170 feet; dams, four; locks, six pairs ; number of struc tures, twelve locks, one spillway, and four dams ; cost, $375,000,000; built by United States with a population of 90,000,000; excavation, estimated total, 203,710,000 Page Thirty HOTEL LENOX HOTEL STATLER cubic yards ; concrete, estimated total, 5,000,000 cubic yards; excavation to January 1, 1913, 188,280,312 cubic yards; work begun by Americans, May 4, 1904. CANALS CARRYING CAPACITY Although commonly referred to as the 1,000-ton Barge Canal, the new water-way will really accommodate boats of 1,500 gross tons capacity, and the locks have been built with a view to future development, so that they are capable of accommo dating two canal boats, each having a capacity of GREATER BUFFALO 3,000 tons. The capacity of the new canal will be twenty-five times that of the old canal. A single boat of the smallest type to be used on the new canal will carry a cargo sufficient to fill thirty-seven and one-half freight cars, having a capacity of approximately forty tons, or 80,000 pounds each. When it is considered that the cargoes of the canal boats which plied the origi nal canal, built in 1825, was scarcely sufficient to fill two modern freight cars, one gets an idea of the bigness of the new waterway. The pres ent canal boats have a capacity of 240 tons as compared to 1,500 tons, which will be the capacity of the new boats on the Barge Canal. In view of what has been shown regarding the growth and activities of Buffalo, it is obvious that to carry on work of this kind, facilities for .SiwituiiiiHiiftifliililill^ *? i«nr;:!3j» !iPj'1u,1!ii jfc h Public Library- Lafayette Hotel LAFAYETTE SQUARE Brisbane Building LAFAY'ETTE HOTEL financing such projects must be available and that the financial institutions of the city must be ready to respond to the constant demands made upon them. The question is often bluntly asked as to the attitude of the Buffalo banks in this respect. In the same blunt manner the best an swer which can be given is that the banking institutions of the city must have met the demands made upon them in a satisfactory manner or else the fine showing made by Buffalo could not have NORTH STREET AT DELAWARE AVENUE Showing Hotel Lenox MAIN STREET AND SHELTON SQUARE Page Thirty-one GREATER BUFFALO Elniwood Plant been achieved. As with everything else, the growth of the banking interests is dependent upon the growth of the city itself, and the one invariably reflects the other. Eight years ago the total capital of all Buffalo banks was $4,680,000, the surplus in such banks was $13,- 043,212, and the total of de- posits was $143,136,271. Niagara Plant BUFFALO PLANTS OF THE ALUMINUM CASTINGS COMPANY Manufacturers of Aluminum Castings, in Sand and Permanent Metal Molds FRONT VIEW, HISTORICAL BUILDING On January 1, 1914, the total capital of all banks in Buffalo was $10,550,000, an increase in eight years of $5,870,000, or $1,000,000 more than double what it was eight years ago. On the same day the surplus in the Buffalo banks was nearly $8,000,000 more than it was eight years ago, while the deposits totaled $234,822,110, an increase of more than $91,000,000 in eight years, or an average increase of nearly $12,000,000 per year during the past eight years. BUFFALO'S BANKING GROWTH The total figures for the several years referred to are as follows : Total capital, sur plus, and deposits of all Buffalo banks, trust companies, and savings banks on the first day of January of each year is shown PLANT OF THE WHEAT S ICE CREAM COMPANY The Largest and Most Sanitary Ice Cream Plant in the World in table on next page. Page Thirfy-ttro GREATER BUFFALO These figures present a gratify ing general ad vance in the prosperity of the city and increase of business,which should, and doubtless will, in duce many manu facturing con cerns to locate in a city of such importance. VIEW AT DELAWARE PARK Y'ear Capital Surplus Deposits 1906 $ 4,680,000 $13,043,212 $143,136,271 1907 6,250,000 12,328,596 155,739,184 1908 6,450,000 10,099,849 146,740,725 1909 6,450,000 13,72(1,728 160,076,931 1910 7,850,000 14,742,407 175,953,189 1911 8,400,000 14,441,603 186,159,279 1912 8,500,000 15,287,731 205,849,209 1913 9,250,000 17,675,638 226,167,784 1914 10,550,000 21,013,940 234,822,110 The total of the deposits in the four savings banks of the city on January 1, 1914, was $103,454,672.27. This total is included in the total of deposits of all banks in Buffalo as given in the above table, and is available for home-building for workers in Buffalo factories. The total amount of savings in Buffalo banks, as already set forth, gives an idea of the amount of capital available in this city for enterprises of all kinds. In this connection men tion should be made that there are twenty-six savings and THE PEOPLE S BANK BUILDING Home of the People's Bank PLANT OF THE BUFFALO COATED PAPER COMPANY Manufacturers of White Litho. and Enameled Book Papers Note. — The paper used in this publication was furnished by the Buffalo Coated Paper Company. Page Thirty-three GREATER BUFFALO 1 ¦¦¦'. .-¦¦ &* - rr--=»-Ju- .., ,, J- ' • ¦' ¦ »*> , ¦:_. .... ' _ w» ¦_. Kt * . *-*¦*¦ -•- ¦- — — PLANT OF THE LIPPARD-STEWART MOTOR CAR COMPANY Manufacturers of Motor Delivery Cars and Trucks loan associations operating in Buf falo, the capital and loans of which are avail able principally for building pur poses, and ex plains in large measure w h y Buffalo is noted as a city of homes. BUFFALO'S BANK CLEARINGS Buffalo's proximity to New York and the system of bank clearances in vogue here, which does not set forth all the transactions of Buffalo banks, tends to keep the total of bank clearances comparatively low. The soundness of Buffalo's banking insti tutions is indicated by the fact that in the panic of 1907 not a bank in Buffalo failed, nor was it even necessary to issue clearing-house certificates. The following table, however, sets forth clearly the growth of the banking business in this citv as represented by bank clearances during the past ten years : Balances $41,482,696.04 41,820,261.3542,459,240.6345,531,146.31 51,078,031.1249,946,012.4360,690,286.3962,404,407.27 . 63,392,215.9269,227,358.38 78,578,243.58 OTHER ASPECTS OF BUFFALO While this book, as previously indicated, is issued primarily to indi cate the recent growth of Buffalo commercially and industrially, and sta tistical information has been given to emphasize these features of Buf falo's progress and de velopment, there are other aspects inevitably interwoven in the growth of a municipality which, by reason of their dove- Year Clearings Gain 1903, $327,231,153.82, $25,340,029.58, 1904, 327,451,440.39, . . 220,286 . 57, 1905, 3.50,567,505.38, . . . 23,116,064.99, 1906, 396,268,181.91, .... 45,700,676 . 53, 1907, 434,689,975.34, 38,421,793.43, 1908, 409,086,489.23, 1909, 467,876,993 .23, , . 58,790,504.00, 1910, 502,826,697.54, 34,949,704.31, 1911, 516,876,770.78, 14,050,073.24, 1912, . 579,088,538.25, .... 62,211,767.47, 1913, 635,308,095 . 50, 50,219,557 . 25, i,603,486.11, rPi:oMFirrEiiN()yjujnM«]|ll|Iffi,j Z^sam ¦¦•- flniPIPm PLANT OF THE DUNN INK WORKS Manufacturers of Fine Printing and Lithographic Inks Note.— The ink used in printing this publication was furnished by the Dunn Ink Works. Page Thirty- four GREATER BUFFALO * man imam mi mi mi mi i in':-i||i::! A HORTICULTURAL BUILDING AT SOUTH PARK tailing with industry and commerce, should re ceive the attention of persons interested i n studying any particular city. Some of these other aspects of life in Buffalo will be referred to here. It should always be borne in mind, first of all, that Buffalo is still a young city. It is still within the recollection of men who have not yet rounded out their three score years and ten, when, what is now Buffalo was a raw, unsightly, and uninviting frontier town, just the kind of a place one would expect to be erected on a great waterway, only lately forsaken, as history reckons time, by its aboriginal occupants. Historical and ro mantic associations, which constitute so largely the charm of old-world cities, received little attention from the dwellers in the young land still devoid of virility. Although still young, Buffalo has de veloped confidence and does not hesitate to take the initiative. If large centers of population may be regarded personally, then Buffalo is a commander with author ity in the great army which is building what already is the greatest nation of all BUFFALO HARBOR . „,,..,.,.,. ,.1 T , -l TT , ,. ¦ n v. ,,. ,„ v. „, times. On the dividing line between tne Lake Steamer Unloading by Ore-handling Machinery ° & teeming central region and the strong eastern financial sec tion, Buffalo takes from each and is the melt ing pot into which is thrown the W'estern daring and the Eastern con servatism, the resultant being a new element that produces the highest success in all PLANT OF THE ATLAS STEEL CASTINGS COMPANY Manufacturers of Open-Hearth Castings for all purposes Page Thirty-five GREATER BUFFALO GEO. J. MEY'ER MALTING COMPANY Manufacturers of Superior Qualities of Malt. Annual Capacity, 2,500,000 Bushels that makes for the welfare of mankind. Buffalo is a big city, big in the sense that its people are broad in their views, deep in their comprehension, facile in adaptation, and quick to apply that which makes for the general welfare in all directions. Material well-being is not the sole aim and end of a Buffalonian's existence. The intellectual is not ignored, and there is an esthetic Buffalo, whose influence is so broad and far-reaching that its devotees include representatives from all ranks of life, those measured by material possessions, as well as all classes of the many nation alities included in the city's popu lation. SOCIAL WORK IN BUFFALO As early as 1892, Buffalo took the initiative in what has come to be the model method of judicial procedure with regard to juvenile delinquents. Up to that time the cases of children arrested for any cause were handled the same as were those of adult defendants. The practice was not a good one Page Thirty-six WpMiW^MPANYlT-Di ¦ !!!!!>uiE;ffis«6c BUFFALO PLANT OF THE MONARCH KNITTING COMPAN Manufacturers of Sweaters and Fancy Knit Goods. Other Plants at St. Thomas, St. Catharines, Ontario Dunnville, and GREATER BUFFALO and the first step in the right direction was taken when the cases of chil dren and adults were separated and separate trials were accorded in, what was then, the morn ing court of the city. This court was con ducted in the various police stations by t h e morning justice. On January 1, 1900, a further important step was taken in this im portant branch of the judicial administration PLANT OF THE FEDDERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY Manufacturers of High-Grade Automobile Radiators of a big city, when separate courts were conducted at differ ent hours for adults and children, the children being tried in the afternoon and the adults in the morning. Chicago was a little ahead of Buffalo in this respect, having adopted this prac tice in the fall of ARCHED BRIDGE, DELAWARE PARK 1899, but Buffalo was the first city in the country which established a children's court in a separate building and having no physical con nection with any other courts. Pending their trials, the children are never confined in prisons but are sent to a detention home, where they receive such care and atten tion as are accorded in any children's institution and where they are free from any possible debasing prison influence. Buffalo was the first city in the world to establish a Riverside Branch THE FLEISCHMANN MALTING COMPANY, CINCINNATI, OHIO. (BUFFALO BRANCHES) Page Thirty-seven GREATER BUFFALO Lake Ontario The above picture presents in graphic form and in a strictly origi nal manner what is, undoubtedly, one of the richest and most promis ing industrial sections to be found in the United States. From the southern city limits of Buffalo on Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, the extent of territory, as the crow flies, and as portrayed above, is some 25 miles. The original painting from which the pic ture published herewith was reproduced is 16 J by 4 feet in dimensions. It is painted in perspective from an imaginary point in Canada oppo site Buffalo, with the river, lake, and harbor in the foreground the surrounding cities and villages indicated merely by name in fii background. In other words, the picture is practically a photograptit reproduction of Buffalo, the Tonawandas, and Niagara Falls. In this form the picture does not show the scores of thriving villages smaller cities either contiguous to Buffalo or within a very few mile domestic relations court, and this court has become the model from which other cities, notably Chicago and New York, have copied and in accordance with which they are now carrying on similar work. This court was established about 1908 and was the idea of Simon Nash, the police justice of the city. It is now a branch of the regular city court, and in it cases involving relations between husband and wife are passed upon with excellent results. The method of opera tion is such that domestic difficulties coming before the court are handled aaaagallpi a a a niK7' - Sia 9a tM'P* it ft( cWA \ Of Page Thirty-eight PLANT OF THE DWELLE-KAISER COMPANY Wholesale Glass, Paints, Oils, Etc. Manufacturers of Steel Products. This is o GREATER BUFFALO AND NIAGARA FRONTIER city and connected with it by trolley lines and railroads, so or all practical purposes, they really constitute part of Buffalo. e picture, for example, does not set forth in detail the city of ort, which has some 18,000 population, nor the villages of 7 and Lancaster, wliich practically border on Buffalo and have 1,000 inhabitants each; nor yet does it show the steel center, wanna, with 16,000 inhabitants. As a matter of fact, the pic- Uuffalu with e to the Great Lakes, the Barge Canal, d Atlantic Seaboard ture gives a very fair idea of what might be termed the metropolitan district of Buffalo, which district includes upwards of 600,000 inhabit ants. The water and rail transportation facilities and the situation on the Niagara Frontier, with reference to the country as a whole, is such as to insure the industrial development of this section with greater rapidity than undoubtedly will be the case with reference to any other large city in the United States. privately, receiving no publicity, and are disposed of in a manner which saves the pride of all concerned. There is no need, in fact, no opportunity, for complainants to come in contact with the ordinary run of criminals and law breakers, and the record of the court is that adjustments made by it between husbands and wives usually continue indefinitely. Long before New York State established its probation system, Buffalo had taken the initiative in placing men and women on probation for their own welfare. This was in 1901, and to-day this city's probation system is admitted to be one of the best, if not the best, in the entire State. PLANT OF THE LACKAWANNA STEEL COMPANY' gest Steel Plants in the World, Covering an Area of 1,025 Acres, and Capable of Producing 1,250,000 Tons of Finished Steel a Year Page Thirty-nine GREATER BUFFALO BUFFALO A LIBERAL CITY That Buffaloni- ans are liberal in every sense of the term is shown by the success of all endeavors under taken for the wel fare of all its citizens irrespective of their stations in life. Through well-organ- ized institutions, supported mainly by public contributions, not merely the boys and girls but the men PLANT OF THE SOWERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY' Engineers and Founders. Manufacturers of Seamless Steam Jacketed Apparatus and Jacketed Engine Castings REAR VIEW, ALBRIGHT ART GALLERY and women come in for attention and are afforded opportunities to better themselves. The city's playground system is coming to be recog nized as one of the best in the country. Free public bath-houses have been maintained in Buffalo for many years. The city is now engaged in carrying out plans for the establishing of small parks in the congested sections of the city for the benefit of the dwellers in such places. Band concerts, at public expense, are given regularly throughout the summer months in the parks and other public places and are always attended by thousands who gather in the open air to enjoy the music. In winter, public con certs are given in the city's convention halls. The man without a home and without a job is not forgotten or over looked, or the woman either for that matter. ^Yith special reference to the men, the county maintains a lodging house where men out of work, whose sole relief would be a police station or the penitentiary were it not for this institution, are cared for temporarily Page Forty PLANT OF THE L. & I. J. WHITE COMPANY. (ESTABLISHED 1837) Manufacturers of Edge Tools, Machine Knives, and Dies. Branch Offices, New York and Chicago G R E A T E R B IT F F A L O sheltered, boarded at public expense, and supported until they have had reasonable time in which to find work. All this is absolutely free, and the work is carried on so no one availing himself of this pub lic charity need feel in the least humiliated. Thou sands of deserving men, suffering temporary mis fortune, through the medium of this lodging house have been saved from the humiliation of the peni tentiary and the police station, and not to mention the possibility of degradation or the possible sub jection to criminal influences through coming in contact with evil doers confined in such places. Buffalo's park system now embraces some 1,200 acres, exclusive of contemplated acquisitions in con gested portions of the city. The parks are scattered throughout the entire city, and, in each instance, the park commissioners strive to make each park a model of its kind. Competent critics have declared TABER PUMP COMPANY' Manufacturers of Rotary and Centrifugal Pumps that the small parks of Buffalo are among the most beautiful in the country. Buffalo parks are intended for the pleasure of citizens of Buffalo, and their use is not only constant but increasing steadily. A liberal policy is followed in en couraging citizens to use the park lands, and all sorts of provisions are made for outdoor sports of all kinds, such as baseball, ten nis, golf, lawn bowling, etc. .,fc BUFFALO HARBOR One of Buffalo's twenty-three elevators. Lake steamer unloading NEW PLANT OF THE STRONG STEEL FOUNDRY COMPANY Manufacturers of Acid Open-Hearth Steel Castings. Also Nickel Chrome, Vanadium, and Manganese Steel Castings Page Forty-one GREATER BUFFALO nm 3Hj&K3EiBaa33Sl|Ea !B ffl S sj i&i5 - js »ll°i £' s> * *^ BUFFALO FACTORIES OF F. N. BURT COMPANY', LTD. This is the largest paper box manufactory in the world A feature of Delaware Park is the Zoo, located in the northeastern portion of the park. While this Zoo is not large, it is a great attraction for visitors and is frequented by thousands, particularly on Sundays and holidays. In South Park the city maintains its botanical gardens. Modern buildings house the displays, and the buildings are grouped artistically and form an exceedingly effective picture and central feature of the park. Housed in the buildings are some rare collections of tropical plants and flowers of all kinds, including some of rarest and finest orchids to be Copyright, 1913, by Butfalu C TT E> JN 3V S -x- I. v ^-v ^5 BUFFALO'S SUPERB LOCATION Buffalo's wonderful commercial and industrial progress, as has been indicated in this book, is due in large measure to its natural strategic location. Situated at the foot of the Great Lakes, it is the bottle-neck through which the commerce of this rich section of the United States gravitates. The $130,000,000 Barge Canal, now being constructed by New York State and to be completed in 1915, will give Buffalo water connections with the Atlantic seaboard on a scale of such size as to give this city the advantages of a seaport. All the raw materials to be found in the Great Lakes region can be assembled by water routes in Buffalo and transmitted in canal barges at the low freight rates afforded by such transportation facilities to New York or Boston without breaking bulk. Page Forty-tiro seen in this country. The city also maintains a forestry department, the duty of which is to look after the shade trees on all the streets of the city. Buffalo is noted for its' beautiful shade trees, and its citizens, realizing the important part they play in the making of a beautiful city, do all in their power to pre serve them, and to plant new trees where- ever required, all of which expense is met by general city tax. G R E A T E R B U F FALO PLANT OF THE NIAGARA LITHOGRAPH COMPANY Manufacturers of Lithograph Advertising, Paper and Metal. Plant covers an Area of Two and One-half Acres RELIGION AND EDUCATION In educational facilities Buffalo is amply qualified to meet all its requirements. Nearly 70,000 pupils at tend the public schools of the city and, in addition, about 25,000 attend the parochial schools. In addition to high and technical schools, to meet its needs, Buffalo maintains, free of expense to bene ficiaries, a truant school, open-air schools, medical school inspection, special classes for the mental defectives, and a daily census system to enforce the Compulsory Edu- & Tl """< ..P f*f£T F E ^0 {TmT ¦I^'- 1 m ^tfeK •"s'^Jik.-.Mt' ¦'•-— i 1 CLAWSON & WILSON COMPANY Wholesale Dry Goods MAY-POLE AT CAZENOVIA PARK cation Law. The city also carries on vocational school work, and other special activities of its school department in clude manual training, domestic science, art instruction, domestic arts, evening schools, vocation schools, kinder garten work, and in struction in German in grammar schools. Upwards of two hun dred churches, repre- Page Forty-three GREATER BUFFALO SUMMIT PARK AND AMHERST ESTATES Showing some of the handsome homes lately erected on these properties in the North Main Street residential section senting more than thirty denominations and including foreign as well as English institutions, devote themselves to the religious welfare of the city. ESTHETIC BUFFALO Esthetic Buffalo centers about the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, which, through the generosity of Mr. John Joseph Albright of this city, has been provided with a palatial art building, named after the donor the Albright Art Gallery and located on a bluff overlooking the lake in Delaware Park. The Academy was organized in November, 1862, and was incorporated in December of the same year, " to promote and cultivate the fine arts and to that end to establish and maintain in the city of Buffalo a permanent art building or buildings and collections of paintings, sculpture, engravings, and other works of art, an art library and art schools adequately equipped and having courses of instruction and prac tice, and generally to foster art in all its branches." RESIDENCE OF LEWIS J. BENNETT Page Forty-four RESIDENCE OF THE LATE EDWARD 11. BUTLER GREATER B U F F A L O RESIDENCE I RESIDENCE OF JOHN D. LAHKIN It was an ambitious plan which the original members of the Academy promulgated, but many of them are still liv ing to enjoy the fruits of their labor and to realize that every detail of the plan has been carried out. The art school associated with the Academy has done, and is doing, most commendable work. In the advanced classes the standard of scholarship is high. The corps of instructors comprise artists of distinguished ability. The fees for instruction are extremely moderate. There are classes in drawing, painting, and modeling from the antique and from life, in composition, decorative design, metal work, wood-carving, bookbinding, etc. Scholarships of limited num ber are awarded to students whose work shows exceptional earnestness and advancement. The influence of the art school upon Buffalo, esthetically considered, is immeasurable. The students are from all CENTRAL PARK Some of the Beautiful Homes built in Central Park during the past two years Page Forty-five GREATER BUFFALO NYE PARK Illustrating residences recently built on only two streets, Middlesex Road and Chatham Avenue, of this large subdivision walks of life, and the demand for instruction has been so insistent that night classes are maintained, which are at tended by young men and women who are obliged to work during the day time. Many of these students have an inherent love of art and respond to this desire by attending the classes. Others have artistic ability and are employed in vocations where fur ther additional knowledge is of much value to them in their work. To per fect themselves in this work, they at- i , ( , ||f , teua tiie art school without the loss of time from their daily employment. ALBRIGHT ART GALLERY The Albright Art Gallery has been characterized by a competent critic " the finest example of pure Greek architecture to be found in America.'' It is a white marble structure 250 feet long (north and south) and 150 feet deep (east and west). Its central feature is based on the east porch of the Erectheum, on the Acropolis at Athens — perhaps the purest type of Ionic architecture — especially appropriate for an art build ing, in that it typifies the spirit of feminine grace, light- residence of spencer kellogg ness, dignity, and refinement, as distinguished from the Page Forty-six residence of charles h. williams GREATER BUFFALO ENTRANCE TO PENHURST PARK Adjoining Delaware Park. Showing portion of residences recently completed massiveness and sever ity of the Doric and the too luxurious Cor inthian. Another institution of which Buffalonians are justly proud is the Buf falo Society of Natural Sciences. The mem bers of this society are doing much effective work along the lines indicated by the organ ization's name. At pres ent the society is housed in the Buffalo Public Library building, but it owns a fine site of land near the Albright Art Gallery and some day will have a permanent home of its own there. The home will be of a character similar to the Historical Building and the Albright Art Gallery. One of the tasks which the society has performed regularly for many years is the conducting of courses of lectures throughout the winter months. These lectures are free to all who may be interested in them, and the lecturers are among the foremost scientists of this country. The s \. '". society also has a paid lecturer, who pays con stant visits to the pub lic schools of the city to deliver illustrated lectures upon topics which dovetail with the school curriculum. From time to time, this lecturer, who is a scientist of high standing, visits various parts of the world to make original investi gations, and the knowl edge so acquired is imparted by lecture and in pamphlet form to the society mem bers and others who may be interested. HISTORIC BUFFALO In the Buffalo His torical Society, the Page Forty-seven BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT BETWEEN BUFFALO AND TONAWANDA Showing two picturesque suburbs, Delawanda Heights and Delawanda Park GREATER BUFFALO citv has an organization which is in a position for all time to come to preserve the priceless relics and treasures associated with the life of the municipality and its development and progress. The home of this society is a magnificent building overlooking the lake in Delaware Park. It is a structure which was erected by the State of New York during the Pan-American Exposition, and later, by legislative act, became the home of the society. Another institution which has been doing good work that will become more valuable as time WORKS OF THE BUFFALO CEMENT COMPANY', LTD. Producers of Crushed and Building Stone goes on is the Niagara Frontier Landmarks Association. This organization has for its primary object the marking of all historic places upon the Niagara Frontier. Com pared to the wealth of the Old World in historic matters, it is very true this country, and more particularly this section EXCURSION STEAMER ENTERING HARBOR of the United States, has very little to offer. Neverthe less, events have transpired here which have had their effect upon the entire world and the world's history; hence they have their appropriate and high place in all that pertains to the life of nations. Practically all the important land operation of the East Delavan Avenue Plant Essex Street Plant Mechanic Street Plant BUFFALO PLANTS OF THE WEBSTER-CITIZENS ICE COMPANY Capacity, 150,000 tons of manufactured ice per annum Page Forty-eight GREATER BUFFALO t 555] **J <* ~i- §EE* 35? SSBi s^3 "~^r fn~ --i' " f™""» r'f-j5 >>i;--"~~— - sir Plu Wsjs -W\tr\ sir- Ti, 4^ &/'* A' %* if *& h' WAREHOUSE AND OFFICES OF THE ALLIXG & CORY COMPANY Wholesale Paper Dealers. (The cover paper used on this publication was furnished by this company) War of 1812, that last struggle with England, took place on the Niagara Frontier, and this section of the country fairly teems with points of interest pertaining to that Avar. One of the incidents of that war was the burning of Buffalo^ a deed which was performed by the British and their Indian allies so thoroughly that only a single house was left standing in this city. All of the more important places pertaining to the war have been marked with bronze tablets by the association, and the work is still going on. The association, however, does not confine itself to the marking of historic places connected with military operations. Its scope is wide, and in the eyes of the members of the associa tion, the site of the first school house erected in Bufl'alo and the place where La Salle constructed the first sailboat to traverse the Great Lakes are of equal im portance. Nor is history in the making overlooked. Immediately at the close of the Spanish-American War, a huge boulder, suitably inscribed, was placed at the Front as a memorial to the members of the 13th Lnited States Infantry who gave up their lives incidental to that struggle. This boulder, by the way, overlooks the ruins of Fort Erie, just across Niagara River, in Canada, where some of the bloodiest struggles of the War of 1812 took place. The boulder is located on the site of Fort Porter, a United States army post, maintained here for many years by the Federal Government, and from which the soldiers in whose memory the boulder was dedicated departed for the war. BUFFALO HARBOR GROUP OF LAKE VESSELS 1 i dpi llUBuri | IT,' I Ui I fry. fl ' 65TH REGIMENT ARMORY 74TH REGIMENT ARMORY' Page Forty-nine GREATER BUFFALO JSi|SsjjrxT3== = M«Kf ¦-.)¦¦ 4rSa\ . - - - - - WORKS OF THE SCHOELLKOPF, HARTFORD & HANNA COMPANY Manufacturers of High-grade Coal Tar Dies and Chemicals ^tr:- W&l * P ^gP~ PLANT OF THE MCKINNON DASH COMPANY Manufacturers of Carriage and Automobile Dashes and Fenders BUFFALO AS A CONVENTION CITY Buffalo's pre-emi nence as a convention city is the natural result of central location, un excelled hotel accommo dations, the attractive ness of the city and its environs, and the enter prise of her citizens in bringing these facilities to the attention of the world. In many instances the first consideration in choosing the place for a convention is accessibility. If an out-of-the- way point, with inferior railroad service, is selected, it invariably means that the attendance will de crease, because members will balk at uncomfortable travel and in creased expense, and the conven tion will fail in numbers. This objection cannot apply to Buffalo with any organization having the greater part of its membership east of the Mississippi River, because if you draw a great circle with a radius of 500 miles, its center at Buffalo, it will include more than half the population of the United Page Fifty KINSEY AVENUE, YORKVIEW The residences illustrated are located on one street of this section and have been built in the last two years GREATER BUFFALO States and two-thirds of the people of Canada. This means that these millions of people are within a night's ride, or less, of Buffalo. It is midway between Chica go and Boston, Cincin nati and Montreal Cleveland and Syracuse, Pittsburgh and Toronto, New York or Philadel phia, and Indianapolis, Detroit, and Sunbury, and travelers have the choice of seventeen trunk PLANT OF THE HOUCK MANUFACTURING COMPANY', INC. Manufacturers of Automobile Wire Wheels, Drop Forgings, and Axles lines of railroad, including the most luxurious and fastest trains in the world. In summer these facilities are increased by the fleets of ten passenger steamship lines plying the Great Lakes. Just as important is the proper accommodation of visit ors after they arrive in the con vention city, and Buffalo is not ably well equipped in this way, her hotels not being excelled in equipment or service by those PLANT OF THE ONTARIO BISCUIT COMPANY Manufacturers of Crackers, Cakes, and Biscuits of any American city. The lead ing hotels are models of modern construction and furnishings, and they are supplemented by smaller hotels in other sections, so that a visitor has a wide choice in the location of his temporary head quarters, down town in a business section or in the quiet of the residence sections, and he is able to find clean rooms and good meals at the price he wishes to pay and under either the Euro pean or American plan. THE JOHN KAM MALTING COMPANY Pneumatic Drum House, Capacity, 2,500,000 Bushels of Malt Page Fifty-one GREATER BUFFALO WHITE BUILDING halls and a number of offices and committee rooms. Elmwood Music Hall, located at Elmwood Avenue and Virginia Street, is adapted to smaller gatherings, seating 3,000 persons comfortably, and is splendidly equipped. Here is installed a splendid pipe organ, the gift of the late J. N. Adam, a former mayor, and available for the use of conventions and entertain ments; and there are other pub lic and semi-public halls available, so that any number of sections or divisions of the large conventions can be suitably taken care of in Buffalo. In addition to these great essentials, Buffalo has many Page Fifty-two Another im portant essential is suitable meeting places for conven tions. In this re spect Buffalo leads the world, having two splendidly equipped conven tion halls owned and maintained by the city. The larger of these two halls is known as the Auditorium and is located on Broadway not more than eight minutes' walk from the business center of the city. This great building was designed principally for moving exhibits, and for this purpose the floor of the main exhibition hall is underlaid with power conduits and drainage tile. The floor space in this )great room is nearly 50,000 square feet, every inch of which is available and useful because of the splendid lighting of the building either in daylight or at night. At the rear is an administration building, including two large |fiSy~W '!.&?•< BUILDERS' EXCHANGE INVALIDS HOME AND SURGICAL INSTITUTE World's Dispensary in rear for the manufacture of Dr. Pierce's Family Medicines ( GREATER BUFFALO attractions for visitors. Buffalo is a clean city with more miles of asphalt-paved, tree-canopied streets than any other city in the world, and a view of the residence sections from an elevation suggests a great park. Buffalo has a splendid park system with green acres scattered from north to south and connected with a magnificent system of boulevards. Unusual opportunities for recreation are afforded by Lake Erie and Niagara River, passenger steamers taking visitors to shore resorts, and thousands of private craft plying these waters in the summer season. Niagara Falls, one of the world's greatest marvels, is at Buffalo's doors and is easily reached at any time of day or night by train or trolley. BUFFALO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Buffalo is fortunate in having one big central organization like the Buffalo Chamber of Commerce to look after the rapidly CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BUILDING Seneca Street entrance increasing amount of work arising in Buffalo as in all large centers of population, which is not cared for by the municipal authorities or private institutions. The Buffalo Cham- ELEPHANT HOUSE, PARK ZOO, ERECTED AT A COST OF $55,000 A NEW STATE BUILDING IN BUFFALO: HOSPITAL FOR RESEARCH 1 Page Fifty-three GREATER BUFFALO White Building Prudential Building SHELTON SQUARE Commonwealth Trust Company ( D. i ber of Commerce is recognized as one of the foremost in this country and its field of activities is very broad, not being confined solely to commercial and industrial work. Some idea of the work done by the Chamber may be had by mentioning the different departments main tained by it, which include the Charities and Survey Bureau, Convention Bureau, Farm Bureau, Industrial Bureau, Publicity Bureau, Traffic Service Bureau, Transportation Bu reau, and Vocational Guidance Bureau. In addition, there are allied with the Chamber of Commerce a Real Estate Association, a Retail Merchants' Association, and a Wholesale Merchants' Association. JACK-KNIFE BRIDG Page Fifty-four SHEEP SHEDS, BUFFALO STOCK YARDS Second largest in the world, covering over 100 acres, and doing an annual business of over $100, 000,000 GREATER BUFFALO rgan Building ELMWOOD MUSIC HALL Practically, two entire floors of the big thirteen- story Chamber of Commerce Building at Main and Seneca streets in Buffalo are devoted exclusively to the purposes of the Buffalo Chamber of Commerce. In its office force the Chamber averages twenty-five employes as its permanent force, while the club and restaurant calls for a force of about thirty more employes. A brief summary of the activities of the various bureaus will give some idea of the work carried on by the Chamber at all times for Buffalo's benefit. Taking the bureaus in the order mentioned above, such a summary would be as follows: TRANSMISSION CABLES Carrying high-power electric current across Niagara River at Buffalo NEW YORK CENTRAL FREIGHT YARDS AT EAST BUFFALO Page Fifty-five GREATER BUFFALO UNION STOCK YARDS BANK GERMAN-AMERICAN BANK Capital and Surplus, $1,000,000. Resources, $10,000,000 PROPOSED NEW BUILDING OF THE CITIZENS BANK OF BUFFALO Page Fifty-six SCENE AT CAZENOVIA PARK Charities and Survey — This bureau inves tigates all permanent organized local charities that apply for the endorsement of the Buffalo Chamber of Commerce, and in no instance is such endorsement given unless the business like and rigid requirements of the bureau are met in a satisfactory manner. The bureau also investigates fake schemes of all kinds, advertising and otherwise, with a view to pro tecting Buffalo business men against the fakers and in order that worthy charitable institutions GREATER BUFFALO and undertakings may command the sup port and assistance which they rightly deserve. Convention Bureau — The business of this bureau is to bring conventions to Buf falo. As has been previously pointed out, Buffalo's beauties, its accessibility, and ex ceptional opportunity it offers for recreation of all kinds have made this city one of the foremost in the country as a popular place for the assembling of conventions. The Chamber's Convention Bureau has com plete files on all organizations, whether LITTELL BUILDING (NEW) State, interstate, national, or international in character, which has ever met in Buffalo or which are ever likely to meet here. It is the business of this bureau to keep in touch with all organizations holding conventions and ultimately induce them to meet here. The bureau is one of the most suc cessful in the country, as is indicated by the fact FOSTEH-MILBURN COMPANY BUILDING (NEW) EEEEIEEffiE 53331351 lassies Eccaaaaai HBSiri-p^Slllffli !!!! JHI DENTON, COTTIER & DANIELS The largest exclusive Musical Instrument House between New York and Chicago and the oldest in the United States, being established m 1827 D. S. MORGAN BUILDING Page Fifty-seven GREATER BUFFALO that in 1913 Buf falo entertained 1'25 conventions of all kinds. Farm Bureau — The Erie Coun ty Farm Bureau of the Buffalo Cham ber of Commerce is organized for the purpose of pro moting agriculture in Erie County. The services of the bureau are at the disposal of any farmer in Erie County without ex pense of any kind, PLANT OF THE BUFFALO GASOLINE MOTOR COMPANY Builders of Gasoline and Kerosene Marine Engines in all sizes from 3 to 150 H. P., and exporters to all parts of the world and merely on application to the bureau he will obtain expert advice with reference to any agricultural problem which may con front him upon his farm. Co-operating with the Buffalo Chamber of Commerce in the operating of the farm bureau are the Erie County Board of Super- visers, the New York State Department of Agriculture, the New York State College of Agriculture, the Bureau of Plant Indus try of the United States De partment of Agriculture, the Erie County Farm Bureau Association, the Erie Rail road Company, the New _S ISSiL, . BUFFALO AND SUBURBAN PLANTS OF THE QUEEN DAIRY COMPANY Sixty wagons required for the Buffalo delivery of milk and cream Page Fifty-eight rJ3 York Central & Hudson River Railroad Company, and the Delaware, Lacka wanna & Western Railroad Company. Industrial Bureau — Through this bureau the Buffalo Chamber of Commerce not only seeks to bring new indus tries to Buffalo, but also looks after interests of such in dustries as are already located here. In short, the work of this bureau is to promote the industrial welfare of Buffalo in every possible manner. Publicity Bureau — The work of this bureau is to give publicity to such facts regarding Buffalo as may be of in terest at home or abroad. "The Live Wire," the official publication of the Buffalo Chamber of Commerce, published under the auspices of this bureau, is the medium through which its members are kept informed of Chamber activities. GREATER BUFFALO Niagara Falls Lewiston Oleott Beach Park Traffic Service Bureau — Through this bureau the Chamber attends to the traffic problems of many manufacturing concerns of Buffalo. Expert railroad men are employed in the bureau for the doing of this work and such detailed serv ice as auditing freight bills, collecting claims, tracing shipments, furnishing routes, etc., are among the daily tasks performed for its subscribers by the Traffic Service Bureau. Transportation Bureau — This is a new bureau recently installed by the Chamber with a view to looking after Buffalo's PLANT OF THE CROSBY COMPANY Makers of Sheet Metal Stamping for Automobiles. Motor Cycles, Bicycles, Cream Separators, Lawn Mowers, etc. Page Fifty-nine GREATER BUFFALO many important trans portation problems in an expert manner. All trans- portation matters. whether freight or pas senger or whether by rail or water, command the immediate attention of tfflSSf THE BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY Engine and Pump Boilers. Fan System of Heating, Ventilating, and Drying. Mechanical Draft Forges, Blowers, and Fans for all purposes this bureau if they have any direct or indirect bearing upon Buffalo. The bureau serves as a central disinterested agency through which the freight rates. passenger rates, train movements, harbor facilities, canal and canal terminal plans mav be analyzed and comprehensively set forth to the users of such facilities in a way that will enable them to enjoy the fullest benefit of these most important advantages. 1'ocational Guidance and Industrial Education Bureau — This bureau a. x U l\ N K « « » » StoteUH MOP1 BUFFALO WHOLESALE HARDWARE COMPANY Wholesalers of Hardware, Cutlery, Builders' and Contractors' Supplies Standard Plant- — Radiators Pierce Plant — Radiators Institute of Thermal Research BUFFALO PLANTS OF THE AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY Page Sixty GREATER BUFFALO carries beneficial effects to the youth of Buffalo, as well as to the city's industrial life. In its ramification the work of this bureau reaches directly into the homes of our citizens, pene trates the tap-root of our educational system, and lays a foundation of permanency upon which to base the successful operation of Buffalo industry and industries. Retail Merchants' Association — As is the case with all allied organizations of the Chamber, members of such asso- ^**~&mL^—2 STORE OF C. A. WEED & COMPANY Three floors devoted exclusively to Men's and Young Men's Clothing BRIDLE PATH, CHAPIN PARKWAY ciations must be members of the Chamber of Commerce. Through the Retail Merchants' Association all matters hav ing any bearing whatsoever upon retail business of Buffalo are considered and passed upon by this association. Wholesale Merchants' Association — This association does for the wholesale business in Buffalo what the Retail Mer chants' Association does for the retail trade. In addition, the association makes a practice of conducting trade excursions to places within Buffalo's trade zone, and this practice has gained for Buffalo much desirable publicity and trade. Real Estate Association — As below set forth, the objects of this association include the following : "To advance the real estate interests of Buffalo and its citizens by fostering public improvements, and an equitable system of assess ments and taxation and the en forcement of laws for the protec tion, welfare, and convenience of real estate owners and leasehold ers; and generally to devise, ad vocate, and support legislation calculated to improve the city of Buffalo." These various bureaus and allied organizations, as well as the several committees of the Cham ber, are prepared to cope with any problem pertaining to the welfare Page Sixty-one MUTUAL ELEVATOR Owned by Mutual Terminal Company. Capacity, 3,000,000 bushels GREATER BUFFALO NEW BUFFALO TERMINAL DEPOT LACKAWANNA RAILROAD of the city, and, indeed, that is the sole test applied with reference to any question which may arise as to whether the Chamber shall interest itself in any projected or contemplated work. A BRIEF SUMMING UP In what has been set forth, it is clear that Buffalo is a busy city, populated with active people, which is an excellent thing, for this makes for a wholesome life and high moral tone. Buffalo is not noted for its idle rich, nor is there a leis ure class here likely to foment social irregularities. So far as the future is concerned, Buffalonians rest assured that their path will be one of progress. In commerce, art, and manufacture the city's position is certain. Its citizens are already actively engaged in all these branches and are conducting their operations on a broad scale, not only with regard to the present but with an eye to the distant future. And in all other matters which make for good citizenship, social conditions, pleasantsurround- ings, and ideal living con ditions, nothing is being left undone here to make Buffalo the best city in the world in which to live and in which to work. George C. Lehmann, Industrial Commissioner, Buffalo Chamber of Commerce. COMPLETE PRESS OF THE MATTHEWS-NORTHRUP WORKS Writing, Designing, Engraving, Printing, Binding Publishers of "The Buffalo Express " Note. — This beautiful book planned and produced by this concern Page Sixty-two GREATER BUFFALO Scene at Crystal Beach ,./._ vb^ lea E-g Hydro-Aero Planing, Niagara Kiver Docks at Motor Boat Club •I Bathing at Crystal Beach Children Playing at South Park SOME SOURCES OF AMUSEMENT AT BUFFALO Page Sixty-three GREATER BLTFFALO Steamer "Seeandbee" — Buffalo and Cleveland Lackawanna Limited — Buffalo and New York Pennsylvania Flyer — Buffalo, Philadelphia, New York, and Washington Lehigh Valley Black Diamond — Buffalo, Philadelphia, and New York Excursion Steamer "Canadiana" — Buffalo and Crystal Beach Steamer "Northland" — Buffalo and Chicago TRANSPORTATION LINES HAVING THEIR TERMINUS AT BUFFALO Page Sixty-four GREATER BUFFALO Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Flyer— Buffalo and Pittsburgh Eric Flyer— Buffalo and New York New Y'ork Central Lines — Twentieth Century Limited Buffalo, New Y'ork, and Chicago ¦""OKiafittUKfEfj West Shore Buffalonian — Buffalo and New Y'ork New Y'ork Central Empire State Express — Buffalo and New Y'ork Grand Trunk Limited — Buffalo, Toronto, and Montreal Michigan Central Wolverine — Buffalo, Detroit, and Chicago Canadian Pacific Limited — buffalo, Toronto, and Canadian Northwest TRANSPORTATION LINES HAVING THEIR TERMINUS AT BUFFALO SPAULDING & SPAULDING Fleet of high-power Pierce-Arrow Motor Trucks, each of five tons capacity, used exclusively by this firm for the city delivery of coal Page Sixty-five GREATER BUFFALO Country Buffalo Twentieth Century t, \ m : * iill"! •^ Saturn Yacht University Park Otowego EUicott Square — Home of Ellicott Club Motor Boat Page Stxly-six Canoe TWELVE BUFFALO CLUBS Automobile THE TONAWANDAS BIRD S-EYE VIEW OF THE TONAWANDAS Showing Portions of Lumber Interests, Harbor, and Miles of Dockage Boating can be enjoyed on the Niagara River, Tonawanda Creek, Ellicott Creek, and the canal, each of which has special places of beauty and attractions of its own. Automobiling both for pleasure and business finds many votaries. Splendid State roads radi ate in all directions and two paved thoroughfares connect with Buffalo. The surrounding country is quite level, offering no obstacles even in wet weather. To sum it all up, the Tonawandas are one prosperous, growing industrial center, located where rail and water compete to ren der the best service for the smallest rates ; where people are contented to live and where they are served by every convenience modern civiliza tion can desire. Bounded on the north by Niagara Falls, on the east by Lockport, on the south by Buffalo, and on the west by the great Niagara THE SWEENEY BUILDING, NORTH TONAWANDA, N. Y. Containing Offices of the Tonawanda Power Company Page Sixty-seven THE TONAWANDAS River and Canada, but without bounds so far as opportunity and possi bilities are concerned, we can truly say this spot is the key to the Niagara Frontier devel opment. In recognition of its wonderful possibil ities for growth, the Fed eral Government has granted an additional quarter of a million dol lars to make its harbor the best and safest on the Great Lakes system. A description of the Niagara Frontier would no more be complete without the Tonawandas than an arch without the > *L.- ' Furnaces Dock Plant and Ore Piles NIAGARA FURNACES AND BUILDINGS OF THE TONAWANDA IKON AND STEEL COMPANY Manufacturers of Niagara and Tonawanda Scotch Brands of Foundry and Malleable Pig Iron keystone or a lock without a key, for in deed they are in the heart of the entire Frontier. These two prosperous cities, Tonawanda and North Tonawanda, constitute one commercial and industrial ,! center with a combined population of 25,000. Their location is unique. The lake vessels from Chicago, Duluth, and all other ports on the Great Lakes enter the Tonawanda Harbor, bringing lum ber, iron, and other merchandise — this being the foot of the Great Lakes navi gation. Here also is the head of the new thousand-ton Barge Canal, bearing the WORKS OF THE BUFFALO BOLT COMPANY North Tonawanda Wn^- '• ^'^Tm FELTON HIGH SCHOOL RESIDENCE VIEW Page Sixty-eight THE TONAWANDAS PLANT OF THE RAY H. BENNETT LUMBER COMPANY, NORTH TONAWANDA One of the Largest " Direct-to-Consumer " Shippers of Building Material in this section of the country raw and finished material to tide water at New York. Here at the Tonawandas is the point where the great shipping break bulk. Here also the great trunk line rail roads bring their facilities of trans portation. No less than nine roads serve the shippers of this industrial center which enjoys the distinction of being the third largest freight point in the State of New York. Here manufacturing sites with rail and water facilities are plenty and reasonable in price. Niagara Falls electric power furnishes light for domestic and municipal purposes as well as power for many of the large and small industries. The manufac tures comprise pig iron, structural steel, nuts and bolts, automatic musical instruments, steam pumps and blowers, radiators and boilers, paperboard roofing and paints, merry-go-rounds and carousals, gas engines, motor boats, silk , gloves and un- - «, derwear, choco- : ¦¦¦¦*. ¦ late, novelties, paper bags, abrasives, fiber products, brick and tile, chains, and many others including all forms of lumber produce and box shooks. As is always the case in any wide-awake industrial city, the esthetic things that make residence therein a pleasure are not neglected in the Tona wandas. Paved streets, the number of which grows every year, provide pleasant driving; municipal water and sewer systems afford ample sanitation; churches of every important denomination offer a welcome to all. Two splendidly equipped Y. M. C. A. and Y. TV. C. A. buildings fur nish safe and wholesome places for young people to enjoy their recreation. The public is served by ample passenger transportation facilities. During part of the year there are ninety passenger trains a day besides three trolley lines, two of which have cars every half hour in each direction, and the third line has cars every fifteen minutes. works of the buffalo pump company, north tonawanda *% $ 'it. Ifu'x'ftfir " «£ **>-«*»* MMMMM1 ™§i PmJLm* — dsiTr---::' . ' i r* .:^>.t r .,... ._,>*, *~>t mills and yards of the eastern lumber company Covering an area of 35 Acres. Capacity, 60,000,000 feet Annually Page Sixty-nine AMERICAN FALLS CANADIAN FALLS SOME PERTINENT FACTS REGARDING INDUSTRIAL NIAGARA FALLS Five power companies are now developing about 450,000 electrical horse power, equally divided between the American and the Canadian sides of the river. Large supply of power now available. Industrial concerns can locate a plant on each side of the river — one in the United States and one in Canada — and operate the two plants with one executive force, besides being free from tariff complications. Shipping facilities are unexcelled, with nine trunk lines of railroad entering here and water transportation as well by the Niagara River, whirlpool rapids, scene along Niagara gorge railroad !*»'. =^S^fe2j[lCC -r.r .j^l.L ....T-.bisbTi— '•- THE HOME OF SHREDDED WHEAT, NIAGARA FALLS, N. Y. The Cleanest, Most Hygienic Food Factory in the World. Visited by Nearly 100,000 Persons Every Year Page Seventy Great Lakes, and Erie Canal. Over 1,000,000 freight cars are handled in the joint railroad yards of Niagara Falls annually. The value of the annual exports and imports from Niagara Falls, as .shown by the report of the United States custom house, is over $50,- 000,000. Over 1,100,000 passengers arrive from foreign territory annually. Over 7,300 passenger trains are in spected. Over 150,000 pieces of bag gage are stamped by customs officials annually. Over 4,100 express cars are sealed for transportation through Canada annually. The number of NIAGARA FALLS u< ^^rm^ifi-ryirtf li II " I MVtlVrt- V]! Ill II ',V' '" ' ' Jt JT, fll fiJ 'fa ' jEjm»HtHtSBES6EEBHt6 I "IIS IjI ffl freight cars inspected and sealed for transportation through Canada annually is -25-2,000. The number of entries at the Niagara Falls port is over 26,000 annually. The post-office receipts of the city of Niagara Falls for the year ending June 30, 1913, were $136,914.68. The re ceipts for the year ending June 30, 1912, were $124,412.62. For July, 1913, the post- ~: nirrk othce receipts were L — Vtf^ — .^gjjjjSHw- JPhc " ¦^¦jrw^Txl." '''~'r r pared to $11,669.34 ^^a»1ffM|ij ^^^A^-'^'^V^'^^^''*-^ ....' "' T "^ *'4^ in July, 1912, and the August receipts were $18,638.42, as corn el5 'Ti^^^MRjS'**®^*5" n ^£» hi -liiinL***** ti-U8 i aj q " a * 3' WORKS OF THE DOBB1E FOUNDRY AND MACHINE COMPANY pared to $13,513.39 the corresponding month the year before. The estimated investment in power development and manufacturing establishments in Niagara Falls is over $75,000,000. The number of operatives in industrial concerns in Niagara Falls is over 10,000, with an annual wage of nearly $10,000,000. # y AMERICAN FALLS Nearly all of the aluminum in the world is made here in three big plants. More abrasive materials are made here than in any other city. There are also large paper and flour mills. Niagara PLANT OF THE CARBORUNDUM COMPANY Page Seventy-one NIAGARA FALLS J.^0-:* WORKS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ACHESON-GRAPHITE COMPANY' Falls is the chemical manufacturing center of the L'nited States. The city of Niagara Falls was incorporated in 1892. The population then was about 10,000. The population of Ni agara Falls by the United States census of 1910 was 30,445, as against 19,452 in 1900, a gain of 56CT0, the largest in the State of New York for a city of this class, except Schenectady. The present population is undoubtedly between 35,000 and 40,000. The assessed valua tion of the city of Niag ara Falls for the year 1913 was over $35,000,- 000, which is about one- half that of the entire county of Niagara. The landed area of the city of Niagara Falls WORKS OF THE UNION CARBIDE COMPANY is 6,970 acres, which includes 412 acres in the New York State reservation at Niagara. The building permits granted during the year 1912 amounted to over $1,700,000, the greatest building activity in the history of the city. Niagara Falls has three State banks, a trust company, and a savings bank, with total deposits Vffffla ' ' I > \ * f POWER HOUSE, HYDRAULIC POWER COMPANY of over $9,000,000, and a total capital and surplus of over $900,000. BLRD'S-EYE VIEW OF THE ONTARIO POWER COMPANY Page Seventy-two ALONG THE GORGE Scene on International Belt Line Incomparable advantages give Lockport a unique place on the Niagara Frontier. Nature has been no less generous to its 20,000 people than man in its material progress. The city enjoys these combined benefits which appeal to the traveler and emphasize the claim which Lockport makes on being unexcelled. Lockport is in the geographical and marketing cen ter of the noted Niagara fruit belt, unexcelled by any other apple and peach section in the world. The wealth of this productiveness is reflected in Lockport's pros perity undisturbed by periodical financial depressions felt elsewhere. Its varied manufacturing institutions, benefited by this great financial help, give to the city a year-around thriftiness measured by millions of dollars. The outputs of its mills and factories yearly total over $8,168,000. Lockport feels that it fulfills the classic conditions which the ancients summed up as the ideals for existence. Railroad connections are most commendable. The International Railway operates trains every half hour to Buffalo, Niagara Falls, the Tonawandas, and Olcott Beach, all within an hour's ride. The Buffalo, Roch ester & Lockport Railway and the New York Central Railroad Company give hourly service to Rochester and intermediate points on the east, while the Central runs numerous trains to Buffalo, Niagara Falls, and Rochester each day. The Erie and Central railroads send a score or more of freight trains from the city daily, while the Rome, Water- town & Ogdensburg, as a part of the New York Central system, is but a few miles to the north. In the matter of freight rates the city enjoys the distinction of being in the Buffalo zone, a great commercial center, enjoying all privileges of a large city without the burdens of big rent, high taxes, etc., inci dent to the crowded indus trial center. Lockport is at the head of the new Barge Canal, and has that waterway of fering splendid free trans portation facilities to the Great Lakes and Atlantic Seaboard, soon to be aug mented by the completion PLANT OF THE SIMONDS MANUFACTURING COMPANY of tWO Sets of terminal BUILDING OF THE FARMERS AND MECHANICS SAVLN'GS BANK Page Seventy-three LOCKPORT PLANT OF THE UNITED INDURATED FIBRE COMPANY" warehouses at a cost to the State of $300,000. These terminals are ideally located in the industrial centers of the city. This canal will give direct connection with Panama steamers at New York, insuring low freight rates to the South, Southwest, and all Pacific coast- rate points. Lockport's hydraulic power, plentiful and cheap, is backed by unlimited electric power from Ni agara Falls at low rates, obtained by a special grant to the city, an advantage which, among other things, secured for the city the Simonds Manufacturing Company of Chicago, employing several hundred hands, after months of competition with a score of other cities. The physical advantages already enumerated are not all that Lockport proudly possesses and offers to share with new citizens. Statistics show that the city ranks among the first in the country in the number and diversity of industries. There are 126 in all, with $12,000,000 capital, employing 3,169 people. The register of in dustrial facts shows the principal items of manufacture here are pulp and paper, pulp and fibre goods, steel saws, edge tools, dies, etc., printing and bookmaking, folding boxes, building glass and glassware, linen goods, automobile parts, tackle blocks, men's shirts, collars and white goods, cutting and drying machinery, cotton goods, plumbing supplies, grain machinery, iron goods, paving material, quarried stone, fruit and vegetables, canning and preserving, flour, milk bottles, and sev enty-six other articles used in the different trades. The city has three banks with combined resources of about $12,000,000, and is the home of the first Union School in the country, now the Lockport High School, nine district schools, four parochial schools, one seminary, and two business colleges, with enviable records at Albany educational bureaus. There are twenty-one churches, embracing the principal denominations, a magnificent new City Hospital, a Y. M. C. A., new Federal build ing, three modern department stores, several theaters, and other excellent business blocks and modern office buildings comparing with any in larger cities, several large hotels, two daily newspapers, the Lockport Union-Sun, and the Lockport CITY HOSPITAL BUILDING OF THE LOCKPORT COTTON BATTING COMPANY Page Seventy-four LOCKPORT PLANT OF THE LOCKPORT GLASS COMPANY Daily Journal, one German weekly, The Lockport Woch- enblatt, and large free library. Its local street car sys tem, modernly equipped and operated, radi ates in five di rections from the center of business. Its Niagara River water supply was recently installed at a cost of three-quarters of a million dollars. The city has two telephone systems, two telegraph companies, two express companies with hourly service to Buffalo and Rochester, and a wealth of musical, social, and literary clubs, fraternities, and lodges. As the county seat of Niagara County it possesses the handsome new $200,000 court house, the new Niagara County Almshouse (said by the State Board of Charities to be the model of the Empire State), the Niagara County Jail, and county clerk's office. The State Odd Fellows Home is located here, together with Odd Fellows Orphan age. Good roads lead into the county seat from all directions. The city also possesses the Home for the Friendless Orphan Asylum. The Town and Country Club, with golf links and tennis courts, occupies one of the most delightful spots in the country. The Tuscarora Club offers the business and profes sional men metropolitan service. A Masonic tem ple is planned. The Elks, Moose, Eagles, Odd Fellows, and Knights of Columbus are located in inviting quarters. Lockport's beautiful shaded streets have earned its popularity. Lockport is conspic uously the city of homes, and a great majority of the workingmen own their own homes. Labor conditions are most satisfactory. The workingmen's standard of citizenship is high, and, as a result, capital and labor have worked together on a basis of mutual interests, with but few minor disputes. Y. M. C. A. BUILDING RESIDENCE OF WALLACE I. KEEP PORTION OF LOCKS, 1,000-TON BARGE CANAL PLANT OF THE UNITED PAPERBOARD COMPANY Page Seventy-five Depew — named after the famous orator, Chauncev M. Depew, is located four miles from the city line of Buffalo. It is a hustling suburb containing about 5,000 people. Seventeen large industries are now located at Depew and give employment to about 4,000 workmen, with a monthly pay-roll of nearly $300,000. Four trunk lines — the New York Cen tral, Lackawanna, Lehigh Valley, and Erie railroads — pass through the city. The New York Central and Lehigh Valley terminals give Depew direct connection with the Lake Shore, Nickel Plate, Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh, Buffalo & Susque hanna, and Pennsylvania railways to the south and west, and with the G. T. R. and C. P. R. via Niagara Falls to Canada. Some industrial facts relative to Depew — unexcelled shipping facilities, Niagara Falls electric power, un limited supply of Lake Erie water in a reservoir hold ing 3,000,000 gallons and an additional reserve res ervoir containing 10,000,000 gallons. It has macadam ized streets, cement sidewalks, natural gas, electric lights, modern sewer system, good schools, churches, hotels, plenty of cheap labor, and low tax rate. It has two first-class trolley lines and thirty passenger trains daily to Buffalo, excellent fire protection, two free postal deliveries daily, good residential accommodations, etc. Malleable Iron Plant PLANTS OF THE GOULD COUPLER COMPANY' Manufacturers of Couplers, Steel Forgings, and Car Lighting Systems NEW YORK CENTRAL LOCOMOTIVE WORKS Page Seventy-six YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 02134 3265