YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

1938

A SHORT
TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION

OF

HIS MAJESTY'S PROVINCE

OP

UPPER CANADA,

IN

NORTH AMERICA.

TO WHICH IS ANNEXED,

A PROVINCIAL GAZETTEER.

^econn CDition.

LONDON:
FOBLISHED BY W. PADEN, -GEOGRAPHEIt TO
HIS MAJESTY, AND TO HIS HOYAL HIGHNESS THB
PRINCE REGENT, CHARING CROSS.
J813.

rnlNTEl) BY HAMBLIN AND SEYFANG,,
GARLICK-alt-L, THAMES-STREET.

ADVER TISEMENT.

THE following Notes and Gazetteer
were drawn up by David William Smyth,
Esq. late Surveyor-General of the Pro
vince of Upper Canada, to illustrate the
Map of that Colony, by the desire of
Major-General Simcoe.
This Edition, the second, has been
revised and corrected to the present time,
by Francis Gore, Esq. Lieutenant-Go
vernor, Sfc. 8fc. to accompany the new map
compiled in the Surveyor-General's Of-
fice, and recently published under his
direction. London, 1813.

OF
UPPER CANADA.

Jlit an Act of the British Parliament, passed
in the 31st year of His present Majesty, to
repeal certain parts of an Act passed in the I4th
year of His Majesty's reign, entitled " An Act
'* for making more effectual Provision for the
" Government of the Province of Quebec, in
" North America, and to make further Provision
" for the Government of the said Province ;"
the province of Quebec was divided into the
provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, which
two provinces were separated, according to the
following line of division, as set forth in His
Majesty's Proclamation of the 18th day of No*
vember, 1791, Aluked Clabks, Esq. Lieutenant
Governor, &c. &c. &c. viz. — " To commence at
" a stone boundary on the north bank of the
" lake St. Francis, at the cpve west of Points au,

2
" Bod^t, in the limit between the township of
" Lancaster and the seigneury of New Lon-
" gueil, running along the said limit in the
" direction of north 34 degrees west, to the
" westernmost angle of the said seigneury of
" New Lon gueil; then along the north-western
" boundary of the seigneury of Vaudreiul, run-
" ning north 25 degrees east, until it strikes the
" Otto)vas river ; to ascend the said, river into
" the lake Tomiscanning ; and from the head
" of the said lake, by a line drawn due north,
" until it strikes the boundary line of Hudson's
" Bay, including all the territory to the westward
" and southward of the said line, to the utmost
'¦ extent of the country commonly called or
" known by the name of Canada."
The province of Upper Canada is bounded to
the eastward by the United States of America ;
that is, by a line from the 45th degree of north
latitude, along the, middle of the river Iroquois
or Cataraqui, into lake Ontario ; through the
middle likewise, until it strikes the communi
cation by water between that lake and lake Erie,-
thence along the middle of the communication
into lake Erie ; through the middle of that lake,
until it arrives at the water communication be
tween it. and lake Huron ; thence, through the
middle of lake Huron, to the water communica-
tion'between it and lake Superior ; thence, through
lake Superior northward,, to the isles Roy ale and

3
Philipeaux, to the Long Lake, and the water com
munication between it and the Lake of theWoods;
thence through that lake to the most north-wes
tern point thereof; and from thence a due west
line to the river Mississippi.
To the westward, and to the northward, west
of the Mississippi, its boundaries are indefinite ;
the northern limits of Louisiana not being well
known. To the northward, it is bounded by Hudson's
Bay, as settled by the treaty of Utrecht, in the
49th parallel of north latitude, extending due
west, indefinitely.
Soon after his Excellency John Graves Simcoe,
Esq. the first Lieutenant Governor, had taken
upon him the administration of the government
of the province, he divided it by proclamation
into districts, comities, and tov^nships, which
have been new modelled, and several others
added by His Excellency Francis Gore, Esq. the
present Lieutenant Governor; the whole being
now constituted agreeable to the following table"

DIVISION OF THE PROVINCE OF
UPPER CANADA.

District.

County.

Township.

Eastern

'^Glengary ,

Stormont .

Dundas

Prescott .

i;, Russell

rLancaster Charlottenburgh
Kenyon
St. Regis Indians
rCornwall
J Osnabruck
I Finch
'-Roxburgh rWilliamsburgh
J Matilda
J Mountain
^-Winchester

Hawksbury Caledonia
< Longueiul
I Alfred
^-Plantagenet
r Clarence CumberlandGloucester Osgoode Russell
^Cambridge

¦ r
Districts.

Counties.

Townships.

Grenville .

Johnstown

Leeds

Carleton

Midland ...I Frontenac

V

Edwardsburgh
Augusta
WolfordOxford, on the
Rideau
MarlboroughMontague
^ Gower, N. and S.
Elizabeth Town
Yonge Lansdown Leeds
. Crosby, N. and S.
BastardBurgess Elmsley
1^ Kitley jNcpean
' Howe Island
Pittsiburgh Wolfe Island
Kingston Loughborough
- Portland Hinchinbroke
. Bedford

6

Districts.

Counties.

^Townships.

r

Lenox^ and
Addington

Midland .
{continued)

Hastings

PrinceEdward <
V

' Ernest Town
Adolphus Town
Fredericksburgh
Richmond
Camden, East
Amherst Island
Sheffield

r Sydney
Thurlow
Mohawks
Hungerford
Huntingdon
, Rawdon
' Ameliasburgh Hallowell
Sophiasburgh
^ Marysburgh

Northumber land  ,

Newcastle.

Durham

f Murray
Cramahe
Haldimand
Hamilton
Alnw;ickPercy
, SeymourHope
Clarke
^ Darlington

Districts.

Counties.

Townships.

Home .

East Riding of
the County «
of York.

WestRidingof the County j
\ of York

Whitby
Pickering
ScarboroughYork & Peninsula
EtobicokeMarkham
Vaughaji KingWhitchurch Uxbridge Gwillimbury, East
Ditto, West
Ditto, North
Scott
• TorontoTrafalgarNelson Flamborough, East
Ditto, West
Beverly
Si.v Nation Lands,
north of Dundas
Street
Reser'ved lands.
Grown lands and
Church lands.

8

District.

Counties.

Townships.

London

Norfolk . . . ,

Oxford

, 1 j^

.Middlesex

.Vi;i

RainhamWalpole Woodhouse
Charlotteville Walsingham
Houghton
Middleton
Windham
Townsend
Turkey Point and
Pronlontory of
Long Point
' Burford, and Gore
of Burford
Norwich
Dereham
Oxford, on Thames
Blandford
. Blenheim

' London, Westmins
ter, -Southwold,
Dorchester, Yar
mouth, Dunwich
Aldborough, De-
la ware,Malahide,
and Bayham

Districts.

Counties.

Townships.

r Lincoln

Niagara . . ^

• • -s

r BartonAncaster
GlanfordSaltfleetBinbrook
GrimsbyCaistor
Clinton Louth Grantham
Niagara Stamford
Thorold Pelham Gainsborough
WainfleetCrowlandWilloughby
Bertie Humberstone

^ Haldimand . . -

Six Nation's Land,
south of Dundas
Street.

Western . . ( Kent

f

C Dover
Chatham Camden, "VVest
^ Oxford

10

Districts.

Counties.

f

Western . .
(continued-)

Kent,

Essex

Townships.

Howard Harwt-cli
Raleigh Romney
'^Tilbury, E. & W.
^ Shawanees Mersea Gosfield
Colchester Maiden
Sandwich & Towtt
Amherstburgh '
(Garrison)
Maidstone -
Rochester

The counties send twenty-five representatives
to the provincial parliament, who, with a legis-
lative:counciI, are called together once every year.
The representatives are elected for four years,^ to
serve in the Assembly, unless the parliament be
sooner dissolved by the pei:son administering the
government. Pointe au Bodet is situated nearly halfway on
the north side of lake St. Francis, which is about
25 miles long, and narrower throughout. The
object of dividing the -province of Quebec at a
stone boun4aryji in the cove, west of this point

11
was apparently in Order that the seignioral grants,,
under French tenure, should be comprehended in
the province of Lower Canada, and that the new
seigniories or townships, which were laid out for
the loyalists, should be within the province of
Upper Canada ; the said stone boundary being the
limit between the uppermost French seigniory
(Mr. De Longueil's) on the river St. Lawrence,
and the lower new seigniory of Lancaster, sur
veyed for the disbanded troops and loyalists; his
Majesty haying in the year 1788, signified his in
tention that they should be placed upon the same
footing in all respects as the loyalists in Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick, by having their lands
granted to them in, free and common soccage.
In passing from the Pointe au Bod^t, westward,
through lake St. Francis, and up the river St Law
rence, the route is generally made on the north
shore. Lancaster is the first township fronting
this, lake J. it extends nine miles, which is the or
dinary size of all townships, and extending twelve
rniles back from the front. Lancaster is watered
by three small rivers, one of which empties itself
t<? the; east, and another to the west of Pointe
jy^ouill^e, which projects into the lake towards the
centre of the township.
The next township is Charlottenburg, well Wa
tered by the river aux Raisins, which, rising in the
township, of dsnabruck, runs through that and the
township ^ofCornwallj and discharges itself into
laeke St. Francis, at the south-east angle of Char-

12
lottenburg, eastward of Point Johnson.' In fronJt-
df this township are several sttiall islands; *^ - e^f q
' Between Charlottenburg and Cornwall is a smalt
tract possessed by the Indians* who have a consi
derable village on the south shore, called St. Re
gis ; and in this part of the river St. Lawrenfee lie
several islands, 'one called Petite Isle St. Re'^s,
immediately opposite their village ; and anotheiv
Grande Isle' St Regisj a little higher up, opposite
to the town of Cornwall, 't- . f ^ffit .Btt^J
& In; the rear of Charlottenbarg is thfiT township
of Kenyon. srn'i,'! nnu.vu mmir U/.n.: bag-git '>.=/?
--The township of 'Cornwall' adjoins next ; — in
the front is the toWn, of a mile square, lying in a
eomna odious bay of the river, and watered by a
sraail rivnlet whidi runs through the town. Two
branches of the river aux Raisins pass through the
landsidf this township ; and in the front there&f
are thm Isles aux niille Roches, et des Chenaux
EcaTtees ; Grand Jsle St. Regis lying in front* of
the/ town. -Jn the rear of 'this township is thig
township of Roxburgh. ^oxi-^'iv/ci u8 ani ijwob
3 The township of Osnabruck lies above Corn*
wall; the river aux Raisins rises here in' several
branches ; it has two other streams which ruri into
St Lawrence in front, off which lies the Isle au
Longue Sault. Isle de trois Chenaux Ecart^es,
isles au Diable, et Isle au Chat »¦:.'; .nwfg hr^-
The Rapid, called the Long Sault, lies in front of
this township ; the boats in going up keep the north
«hore, ill a great measure to avoid the rapidity of

13
the current; but, in descending, they universally
pass between the islands and the south shore, that
being theflargest, deepest, and altogether the
safest passage. orThe inhabitants of late years have
taken down their grain with safety, on rafts, to
the Montreal markets, jr? 'to tiuj ^iiii m Las ; <i!T;
, Many people think that the lumber trade is car
ried on with more safety down these rapids, than
by those which pass Chambly from lake Cham-
plain ; it being a frequent observation at Quebec,
thafcthe rafeifcom the Upper St Lawrence are
less ragged than those which come from lake
Ghamplainv There is, however, some little addi
tional risk to the rafts from Upper CanadaJ by
BJasbUiof having to pass the small lakes St. Fran
cis/ and St Louis; all broad waters being more
or less a^inst the rafting trade. But as the lake'
St. Pierre, which is larger than either St. Francis
or St Louis, must be passed, whether from lake
Ghamplain, or the Upper St r LawreiluEe, tliere is
nbjdoubt but the lumber trade wiilhfind its way
down the St Lawrence. Some settErsdiave alrea
dy made, the attempt, even from the head of the
Bay of Quints ; and when the produce crfrfchat very
fertile country shall be exported for the Montiseal
or foreign J markets, the raft will answer a double
pur-pose ; it requires but few hands to manageit^
and grain, or pot-ash,. may be carried as dry as in
any other way.^:'M...d -'^iioJ t-^h b'- ¦_^: ^ .,c.:<:,£/i ?>'.' ¦'
;-[ The townshipj of WiUiamsburgh is next above
Qsnabrueki it has/but few streams. There are

14
some islands in its front; among the rest, Isleaa
rapid Plat, the west end of which lies also in front
ofMarilda, the next township. In the front is
Point adx Pins, and Point Iroquois ; the latter of
which has the advantage in a great measure of
commanding the passage up and down the St.
Lawrence. A few islands Lie in the front of j^is
township, , and a peninsula, which is insulated at
high watej-, ...
Matilda is the next township above WiUiams
burgh. , ::¦:¦_
Edwardsburgh is the next township; in the
front part of which is Johnstown, of a mile square.
This, with the, tqwn of jCotrnwall, has, been most
judiciously seated, the one being immediately
above, the other below, the rapids of the Upper
St., Lawrence, and of course easy of access, from
the lake St. Francis below, to Cornwall ; and from
Johnstown vessels may be navigated v\?ith safety to
Queensitown, aho^ve Niagara, andtoall the portS; of
tl;ie lake Ontario. In the front of this township is
I?ointeau Cai-dinal,Pointeau Gallop, Pointlvrogue,
and Poipte au Foin ; and several islands, amp^^
which are Hospital Island, and Isle du Fort Levy,
where the French had a garrison, the ruins of w|iich
are still to be seen.
A. little above Johnstown, on the south shop,
is the- American fort Os.\v:egatchie, situated on a
river of that name.
¦¦ - • ,t. -„. ,
^ Augusta lies above Edwardsburgh -, it has but
few streams ; P«int? au ^arxil is in front

15
The next township is Elizabeth Town, which is
well watered by the river Tonianta, and three other
streams. The isles du Barril lie in front of this
township. The township of Yonge lies next, and is of irre
gular shape. The river Tonianta empties itself
into the St. Lawrence, near the south-east angle
of this township. Towards the upper part are the
narrows, made by a peninsula from the north shore,
and Grenadier Island, which lies in front of thi*
township, as do several smaller ones,
Lansdown is next ; it has several small streams,
and many islands in its front, but none of any size.
Leeds adjoins Lansdown, and is well watered
by the river Gananoque, which affords a good har
bour at its entrance.
Howe Island lies partly in front of this township,
as do several small islands.
Pittsburgh lies above Leeds ; part of Wolfe Is
land and ^rt of Howe Island are in its front.
This township adjoins to Kingston ; from hence
westward, the St Lawrence opens into the- lake
Ontario, it being about 120 miles direct from
Kingston to Pointe au Bod^t
The St Lawrence may be classed with the most
noble rivers in the world ; its waters flow for the
extent of 2000 miles before they reach the ocean:
the commercial advantages from such a situation
increase in proportion to the population of its
banks. The Indian trade, in a great measure, takes
its current down thie St. Lawrence, particularly

16
since vessels of a considerable size are d^ily buad-
ing for the navigation of the lakes. '
The land in all the before-mentioned townships
is for the most part fertile, and under as high a
state of cultivation as can be expected from the
time it has been settled; the first improvements
being made since the peace of 1 783, when all was
in a state of nature, and heavily timbered.
There are more than forty mills in the extent
mentioned, on this river, the most remarkable
of which are on the Gananoque. Good' roads
have been opened, and bridges well constructed ;
some of them over wet lands, and the moTiths of
creeks and riversof very considerable extent; and
the first settlers have been able, by their very gi-i^f
industry, to erect comfortable houses.
In the rear of these townships, on the St. Law
rence, are 24 others, in wliichr settlements have
commenced, to the southward of the Ottowa or
Grand River, which many of them front ; others
are well supplied by the waters of the Radeau, and
river Petite Nation, with the Gananoque lakes and
streams, all of which afford abundance of situa*
tions for mills. These rivers, like most others in
Canada, abound in sturgeon, bass, and cat-fish j
the ponds affording turtle, with fish of various
sorts. The lands in their vicinity are differently
timbered, according to their quality and situation.
The dry lands, which are generally high, bear oak
and hickory; the low grounds produce walnut^
ash, poplar, cherry, sycamore, beech, maple,

17
elm, &c. and in some |)laoe there are swamps full
of cedar and cypress, i . ,:
The banks of most of the creeks abound in fine
pine timber, and the creeks themselves afford in
general good seats for saw-mills; materials for
building are readily procured. ^.u :•
( : The heads of the rivers Radeau and Petite Na
tion, communicate by short portages, or carrying-
places, with the waters which fall into the St Law
rence, and promise to afford great advantages to
all kinds of inland communication. The forks of
the, Radeau, about which are the townships of Ox
ford, Marlborough, and Gower, promise to be, at
some future period, an emporium for interior com
merce, r. r '
The birch canoes,, which go to the north-west
country, pass up the Ottowa river with the mer-
chandize> and descend with peltries.
- T^e town pf Kingston is situated at the head of
the St. Lawrence on the north shore, opposite to
Wplfe, Island; it occupies the site of old Fort
'ErGfitmac,_ was la/id out in the year 1784, and is
npw of; considerable size ; it has a barrack for
troops, and a house foe the cornmanding officer, an
hospital, severaUstore-rhouses, an episcopal church,
a^Rornan Catholic chapel, a gaol, and court-house.
A> ,eove, upon which the tQwn^,is situated, affords a
good harbour for shipping; it issafe, comrnpdipus,;
a^, iiJiell sheltered. Large vessels seldom go be
low JK^ing^ton, ; although it is navigable tp^^Oswe-.
gatehie^ a^utf 0 milefcdajffn the.iiy^^r J;^^res,^
D

18
provisions, &c, which are lodged in the dep6t at
this place, being usually transported there in boats
from ;Mpntreal.
(About Kingston there are several valuable quar
ries of limestone, and the country in general is
rather stony, which is not found tOibedetriiiien-
tal to the crops. •
The township which surrounds thistown bears
the §ame name, m jis' . .,. . , ,-
Ernegt-town lays above Kingston ; .it is watered-
by twQ small rivers ; Amherst Island lies in its front.
In- the rear of this township is Camden; the- Ap-
pannee river,.. on which there, are excellent mills*
runs through: it, i - , • ici
Having passed Ernest-town, the bay of Quint^
commences with Fredericksburgh, to, tlietnorth^at
itsj entrance, ;and Marysburgh, to tjhie south., rvi:;
This bay, which may be considered thrpughout'
as a, harbour, is formed by a large peuinsula,* con
sisting of the townships pf Ameliasburgh, Sophias
burgh, and Marysburgh, extending-; easterly from
an isthrnus, of about one quarter of a mile, where
there is a portage it the head,, or west end of the
bay,, to Point Pleasant,, the easternmost extremity
of the peninsula, 3 opppsite to Amhtrst Islatidi /?
The river Trent empties itself into the head of
thebay, to the eastward, of the portage, and supplies''
it with the waters of the Rice Jake. To the west-^
ward of the portage, in lake Ontario, is the harbour
»f Presque Isle de Quint6,/now called Newcastle.
Thispeninsulaof the three townsihips, called the

19
county of Prince Edward, extending from the
main land, Hke an arm, hides from the lake On
tario the townships of Sydney ,Thurlow, Adolphus-
town, and Fredericksburgh, which front the north
side of the bay.
The river Trent, discharging itself between the
townships of Murray and Sydney, finds its pas
sage between the county of Prince Edward anti
the townships on the north side of the bay ; its
stream is increased by the Appannee river running
in from Camden, and, dividing Richmond from
IVedericksburghj joins the waters of the bay near
John's island, a small isle opposite to a settlement
of Mohawks, so called after Captain John, a Mo
hawk chief who resides there, and who, with some
others of that nation, had a tract of land given
them by his Majesty, of about nine miles in front
on the bay, and about twelve miles deep : prefer
ring this situation, they separated from the rest of
their nation, who were settled on the Grand Ri
ver, or Ouse.
In Fredericksburgh and Adolphustown there are
several fine bays and coves; and in the latter
township, there is a small town on the bay oppo
site to Marysburgh;
The river Shannon runs into the bay at the
south-east angle of the township of Thuriow, and
the Moira river at the south- Avest angle of that
township.
- There are several small coves and bays also in
the peninsula of Prince Edward, and a small lake

20
between Sophiasbiirgh and Marysburgh, which
eiripties itself into a bay of lake Ontario.
There is an island in the bay between Sophias
burgh and Thurlow, and between Killikokin Point
and Point Oubesuoutegongs, of about seven miles
long. Isle de Quints, now called Nicholas Island, lies
off Ameliasburgh in lake Ontario ; and off Pointe
Traverse in Marysburgh, are the Duck islands.'
In the deep bay between Point Traverse and Point
Pleasant, are Orphan island and Isle du Chtae. -
The river Trent, which falls into the head of
the bay of Quinte, not only leads off the waters pf
the Rice lake, but of a chain of lakes between it
and lake Simcoe ; a few miles up the river, on
the south side, are salt springs. . . ,.
The fertility of the soil about the bay of Quinte
is generally allowed; the land is rich, easily work
ed, and produces several crops without manure ;
twenty-five bushels of wheat are often produced
from an acre ; the timber is much like that of the
other parts of the province, oak,, elm, hickory,
maple, &c. The bay is narrow throughout, and
npwards of fifty miles long, all which distance it
is navigable for those small vessels that are used
on the lakes.
An apparent tide is frequently noticed in the bay
of Quinte, not dissimilar to those observed in some
of the upper lakes. The bay abounds with wild
fowl; and fish of various kinds; the river Trent
affords a salmon fishery.

21
-In passing from the head of the bay of Quint*
into lake Ontario, you cross a very short portage
in front of the township of Murray, being the
isthmus between it and the peninsula of Prince
Edward ; at the end of the portage, and before
you enter lake Ontario, is a small lake, exceed
ingly beautiful, and the land on its banks extreme
ly good : to the northward of this portage it is
proposed to make a canal, to connect the waters
of the bay with those of the lake. The circum
stance of two small streams rising near each other*
and running different ways, seems to point out
the facility of the measure. Thecut, which Camp.
bell (in his Notes on the Political Survey of Great
Britain) calls Earl Gower's canal, seems to be well
suited to this country, where labour bears so high
a price, and where the rooting up of immense trees
is so great a difficulty to encounter.
A little to the westward of the portage and pro
posed canal, is the harbour of Newcastle, a situa
tion well suited for commerce and protection, and
sheltered from all winds ; a knoll on the peninsula
affords a healthy site for the town.
After leaving Murray, in going to the westward
along the shore of lake Ontario, you pass the town
ships of Cramah6, Haldimand, and Hamilton;
and arriving at the tpwnship of Hope, you find ex
cellent mills ; from thence thefc is a portage, to
the Rice lake.
You then pass by the fronts of Clarke, Darling.
ton, and Whitby; and coming to Pickering, you

22
meet with an excellent salmon and stUrgepn fishery,
at a river called Duffin's Creek, which is generally
open* and large enough to receive boats at most
seasons of the year.
After leaving the township of Pickering, you
pass under the highlands of Scarborough, and ar
rive at the township of York,
All the townships on the north side of , the
lake are well watered by small streams, at the
mouths of which are ponds, and low land capable
of being drained and converted into meadows. In
the rear of the township of Murray, is the town?
ship of Seymour ; in the rear of Cramahe, is Percys
and in the rear of Haldimand, is Alnwick.
The river Nen empties itself into lake, Ontario,
in the township of Pickering, east of the Scarbo
rough heights ; it runs from a considerable distance
in the country, through Scarborough, Markham, &c.
crossing the Yonge-street, and apparently rising
in the vicinity of one of the branches pf Holland's
river; with which: it will probably, at some, fu
ture period, : be connected by a canal. ; This river
abounds with fish -, at its embouchure are gopd in
tervals for meadow ground, and it is the back com
munication from German settlement, in Markham
to lake Ontario,
York, which is, at present, the seat of govern
ment of Upper Canada, lies in about 43 degrees
and 35 minutes north laritude, and is most beau
tifully situated within an excellent harbour of the
same name, made by a long peninsula, whigh em.

23
briaces a bason of water sufficiently large to con
tain a considerable fleet. It has this advantage
over the other ports on lake Ontario, that vessels
may ride safely at its entrance during the winter.
'On the extremity of the peninsula, which is call
ed Gibraltar Point, are commodious stores and
block-houses, which command the entrance to the
harbour ; on the main land, opposite to the Point,
is the garrison, situated on a point made by the
harbour and a small rivulet; the barracks, being
built on a knoll, are well situated for health, and'
command a delightful prospect of the lake to the
west, and of the harbour to the east. The govern
ment house, is about two miles from the east end
of the town, at the entrance of the harbour, and
the town is increasing very rapidly. The front of
the city, as now laid out, is a mile and a half in
length; several handsome squares are projected,
particularly one open to the harbour. The river
Don empties itself into the harbour a little above!
the town, running through a marsh, which when
drained will afford beautiful and fertile meadows ;
this has already been effected, in a small degree,
which will no doubt encourage further attempts.
The iPng. beach, or peninsula, which affords a most
delightful ride, is considered so healthy by the In
dians, that they resort to it whenever indisposed;
and the bridge over the Don being finished, is fre.
quented, riot only for pleasure, but as the most
convenient road to the heights of Scarborough.
• The ground, which has been prepared for the

24^
the government house, is situated between the
city and the river Don, in a beautiful spot, and its
vicinity well suited for gardens and a park. The
oaks are large, the soil excellent, and watered by
various sitreams; the harbour is well calculated for
ship building, and launching of vessels. The
Yonge-street, ormilitary way, leading to lake Sim
coe, and from thence to Gloucester on lake Hu
ron, commences in the rear of the city. This
great communication has been opened to Gwillim
bury, 32 miles ; and must be the great channel to
the north-west, as it is considerably shorter than
the circuitous route by the Straits of Niagara and
Detroit. The tract of land bfetween Kempenfeldt
and Penetengushene bays has been lately purcha
sed from thtj Indians, and a road is opening, which
will ena^ble the North- West Company to trans
port their furs from lake Huron to York, thereby
avoiding the circuitous route of Lake Erie, and the
inconvenience of passing along the American fron
tier. Farm lots of 200 acres are laid out on each
side of Yonge-street, having a width of a quarter
of a mile each on the street : in general the land is
excellent, and fit for every purpose of husbandry.
After leaving Gwillimbury you enter Holland river,
and pass into lake Simcoe, by the head Pf Cook's
bay, to the westward of which are oak plains,
where the Indians cultivate corn ; and on the east
is a tract of good land. A few stnall islands shevf
themselves as the lake opens, oi^which Dariing'a
island, in the eastern part, is the riiost consider-

26
able. To the westward is a large deep bay, called
Kempenfelt's bay, from the head of which is a
short carrying-place to the river Nottuasague,
which emptieis itself into the Iroquois bay, in lake
Huron.) In the north end of the lake near the narrows,
leading to a small lake, is Francis island, between
which and the north shore vessels may lie in safety.
From the bay west of Francis island there is a
good path, and a short portage into a small lake ;
this is the nearest way to lake Huron. The river
which falls from lake Simcoe into Matchedash bay,
called the iMatchedash or Severn river, making a
more circuitous, passage to the northward and
westward. Black river joins the waters of lake Siincoe, near
ly where they fall into Matchedash. channel. The
source of this river is near the head of the river
Radeau. .
. The river Matchedash, excepting where there
are rapids, is in every part navigable for boats of
any size; these rapids are intermixed with falls,
which afford mill seats. The land on each side of
thi^ river is not of the best kind,
¦The riverMatchedash, falling into a bay of that
name to the eastward, which receives North and .
South river, discharges itself intp a larger bason,
called Gloucester or Sturgeon bay, in the chops of
which lies Prince William Henry's island, open to
lake Huron. On a peninsula in this baspn some
French ruins are still extant ; and between two

26
larger promontories is the harbour of Penetcngii<-
shene, around which there is good land for set
tlement To the west pf the largest promontory is Not
tuasague bay, (or outlet of the Iroquois,) open to
lake Huron ; throughout the greatest partof ijllat-
chedash bay there is a depth of water for vessels of
any draught, excepting towards the bottom of the
bay : Penetengushene has been discovered to be a
very excellent harbour.
On the east side of Yonge-street, in the rear of
t)ie townships of York and Scarborough, is the
township of Markham, settled principally by Ger
mans; in this tract are some gopd mills, built on a
branch of the river Nen.
In passing out of the harbour of York, to the
westward, you see the garrison on the main land
at the entrance of the harbour, which, and the
block-houses on Gibraltar Point, are its security ;
and a little to the westward of the garriscai are the
remains of the old French fort Toronto; adjoining
to which is a deep hay, that receives the rrve»
JIumbeiT, on which are saw mills belonging taGo»
vernment. Further to thie westward (that is, be
tween the Humber and the head of kke Ontapio)
the Etobycoke, the Criedit, and two other rivers,
¦with a great many smaller streams, join the main
waters of the lake; they all abound in fkh, particu-
lariy in salmon ; the Credit is the most noted : here
is a small house of entertai3i:paent for passengers.
The tract between the JEtobycofce and the head

21
of the lake is frequented' only b;;^ w/andering tribe*
of Missassagues. At the bead of lafee Ontario
there is a ismaller lake, within a long beach, of
about five miles, from whence there is an outlet
into lake Ontario, ovef which there is a bridge.
At the south end of the beach is the King's Head,
a good inn, erected for the accommodation of tra
vellers, by order of his Excellency Major General
Simcoe, the Lieutenant Governor, It is beauti
fully situated at a small portage Which leads from
the head of anatural canal connecting Burlington-
bay with lake Ontario, and is a good landmark.
Burlington-bay is perhaps as beautiful and ro-
niantic a situation as any in interior America, parti
cularly if we include with it a marshy lake which'
falls in/to it, and a noble ptiomontory that divi-des
them. This lake is called Coot's P^adise, and
abouiinds) with game.
From the head of the lake, following the shores of
the Ontario', we pfoceed eastward along the boi<ders
of the county of Lincoln, a Very fine and populous
settlement, consisting of twenty townships,- con
taining about ia,000 souls,-and furnishingfive bat
talions of malitia. There are a great many small ri-
¦^'Crts which :felli into thelake betiweenBurlington-bay
and Niagarai;. the most beautiful of which are those
caJlledi t^ Twelve and the Twenty-mile Cheeks.
These rivers, previoiisly to their flowing into the
\sksj spread^ behind a' beach- \dbichi impedes' their
eour^i-and the stream; finding only a small outlet
ksto ^e lake,-is ponded^back, and ifoiffls a spacious

bason within ; the banks are high, but not broken,
and generally covered with fine pine trees. ni0¥*'
Newark (or as it is generally called the town of ¦^
Niagara,West Niagara, and British Niagara) stands
at the, north-east angle of the county of Lincoln,
neariy opppsite, to the fort of Niagara, at the en- i
trance of the Niagara river ; the western point/^;
which forms the mouth of the river, is called Mis.-,;
sassague Point, - It is a handsome town, of about
a mile sxjuare, with its streets at right angles : here
is a handspfne stone church, a gaol,' and court- j
house ; and near to it, on the heights above Navyt .:
hall. isFprt George, where there are quarters for "
almost a whple regiment, and the works and build-: j
ings now enlarging. ,3 ii0 Q;li}^r-'ris.¦.',' ii rKt &8'K|
Before York was made the seat of govemmeirtj*^?
\this place was sometimes honoured with the resi- -
dence of his Excellency the Lieutenant Governor,
and thefirst Parliament met here. f.'u. .rf jax-^luijT
The river Niagara affords; a noble harbour fnc^i
its mputh to Queenstown, about seven miles up,.!;
for vessels of any size.. The white fish are taken ;;
here in great abundance, sand are reckoned a deli- .
cacy; .they are, however, as useful as delicate»A
serving the new settlers for constant food, as tlie
sahnon.do on the north side of the lake. sjsii/iiptiLrjf
., There ia a good road from Newark along .the
bank of the river Niagara to Fort< Erie, ; passing 1
through Queenstown and Chippewa j Queenstown,
or the lower landing, is at one end of the carrying li
place, as Fort Chippewa, is at theiOther. .^When

2^
the wind serves, vessels run up from Newark to
Queenstown, and unload their cargoes, receiving
packs of peltries in return, for the lower Canada
merchants. Fifty waggons have passed this car
rying-place in the course of a day. At Forts
Chippewa and Erie are blockhouses, and detach
ments of the troops from Fort George. The mer-
chai^dize is transported in boats between the two
places. There is a stage runs from Newark to Fort
Chippewa, We shall say little of the falls of Nia
gara (of which so many persons have written.)
This immense cataract is a little below the mouth
of the river Welland, and is no less wonderful than
grand and magnificent. On the avenues to it are
good mills; and there is no doubt but profitable
water-works might be erected, immediately where
it tumbles from a piece of stony flat, called the
Table-rock. Above the Falls, near the upper mills, is a cu
rious spring, the air or vapour of which catches
fire, andf is emitted with some force ; the flame,
being collected with the pipe of a stove, was suf
ficiently strong tp boil a tea-kettle of water.
The saw logs are conveyed to this mill in a very
remarkable manner 5 they are cut upon the banks of
the. river Welland,, or Chippewa, and floated down
to its mouth, whe^e there is a reservoir made to
contain them by a chain of hogpens. From hence
it is very dangerous to go in a boat to the mills,
on account of the great rapid, and the probability

of being sucked into the vast vortex =of the falls i
to avoid tliis, small poles have been fixed together
from the reservoir to the mill (upwards of a mile)
and floating about the distance of eighteen, or
twenty feet from the shore 3 they are kept off the
shore in thdr places by poles projecting from th^
shore ; and thus the chain of poles, rising and fall
ing with the waters, and6 always floating on the
surface, make a kind of canal, into which the logs
are launched one by one, and so carried from' the
reservoir to the mill. ,
Below the falls is a place called the whirlpoolv
wliere the river has apparently made an effort to
break its way throii^ to the westward, buty not
having power to do so, has left an elbow, (where
there is a constant and great eddy), and Invoke
through' the more penetrable strata to the- nortift*
'ward. '
Fort Erie is situated at the eastern extremity of
lake Erie, wliere its waters narrow into the Nia
gara river. There is a small old fort here, with* a
good! new blockhouse ; a company of soldiers are
quartered here, as there are also at Fort Chip*
pewa, for the purposea of transporting the pubiio
jftores. Fort Erie has freqvuejxtij. suffered from
the westerly gales, which occasion the llake somei
tjmes to visa very considerably. The new fort is
projected on a small heiglit in. the rear oi the pre^
sent garrison- In passing along the northern
^ore ofrlake Eiie, westward from Fart Erie, no*-
Idling v«iy material occurs tili you are iiBpereep-

. 31
tibly intereepted by Long Point bay; the princi
pal feature within this distance is the Point Abino,
a shelter for vessels, which find here a good an
chorage. The Grand River discharges itself into
the lake about 24 miles beyond Point Abino; its
entrance being covered by a rocky island, at a
spall distance from the shore. Between Point
Abino and the Grand River is a sugar-loaf hill,
which affords a good land-mark for vessels.
- The townships in this quarter are settling very
fast, and several mills are already erected.
In WOodhouse and Charlotteville, which lie
immediately within the long promontory, there is
a great_space of country, thinly tiiftbered, and
without underwood, which grfeatly facilitates cul
tivation; it is well calculated for roads, and is
sufficiently open for the carriages used in Europe,
looking more like a royal forest than the unculti-
•vated lands of nature.'
' Above Turkeys Point, on the heights, is the
townplot of Charlotteville ; and at the extremity of
the point 19 tho site of the projected wharfs and
docks, with a good channel leading to it. With
in the Point is an extensive marsh, where the set
tlers feed great numbers of cattle, which are drj«
ven to dilferent parts of the province for consump
tion. Long Point is a peninsula projecting from
the south-west angle of the township of Walsing
ham eastward into the lake, about 20 miles, ma.
king an arm which forms a very large bay. Where
the peninsula joins to the main there is a creek.

32
which, when the waters are high, is of sufficient
depth for boats to pass from Within the bay, over
the neck into the lake; and, when the waters are
low, the distance is so short that the batteaux are
easily hauled over. Pottohawk, Point is a small
projection from Long Point, within, and connect
ed nearly with, Turkey Point, by a chain of rushy
islands, running across the uppermost part of
the bay. ,
From Charlotteville there is a good road through
the country to the Mohawk village on the Grand
River. Proceeding westward from Long Point, you pass
Kettle Creek and river Barbut, about 25 miles of
coast, where the banks of the lake are high, until
you arrive at Landguard, formerly called Point
aux Pins ; from hence there is a short communi
cation by land to Chatham, at the forks of the
river Thames.
Leaving Landguard you arrive at Point Pel6, or
the South Foreland, which makes a great projec
tion into the lake ; and having doubled that point>
you enter the settlements made by the loyalists in-
the townships of Mersea, Gosfield, and Colchester;
and, having continued westward through those
townships, you arrive at Maiden, situated at th^
mouth of the strait, or river Detroit.
The military post of Amherstburgh is in the
township of Maiden, opposite to the isle au Bois
Blanc, to which it furnishes a small detachment
and cominands the east channel of Detroit. There

33
is a good and safe anchorage between the island
and the main shore, which is well adapted for
wharfs, and has other conveniences for naval or
commercial purposes. In going up the Detroit,
you pass a low marshy island, called Turkey
island, or Fighting island, near four miles long.
The channel on the west side of this island is the
best, and the town of Sandwich presents itself on
a small plain, close tp the bank of the river. This
town has been laid out for the reoeption of the
British merchants, who, agreeably to the treaty of
amity, commerce, and navigation, made their elec
tion of remaining British subjects. It is rapidly
increasing ; there is a good windmill in front of
the .town : the Huron church is at its northern ex
tremity, and the shore is well Calculated for the
building of wharfs, and for the security of vessels in
the winter. The district gaol and court-house are
erected here, and small parks for the convenience
of the town are laid out in its rear, and given to
the builders of the first houses.
There are several windmills on the Detroit, and
an orchard adjoining almost every house. The
settlers are numerous, and the improvements hand
some and extensive. When the fruit trees are in
blossom, the prospect, as you pass through the
strait, isperhapsas delightful as any. in thew'opld.
Leaving it, you pass Hog island, and enter lake
St. Clair, which is small in comparison to either
Ontario or Erie, and shallov^, throughput: it re.
ceives the waters of lakes Superior, Michigan, and
F

34
Huron, by a long channel from north to south,
called river Sinclair, or St. Clair ; it also receives
the waters of the Thames, which fall into the lake
on the south-east side. About the mouth of this
river are large extensive marshes, or natural mea
dows, which, with the exception of smaill tracts of
woodland on the banks of the river, and a few
woody islands, extend about twelve miles up the
country, and about four or five miles in depth,
affording hay sufficient for a numerous settlement,
and abundance to spare.
About 15 miles up the river Thames is the town
of Chatham, situated in a fork of it, on a very de
sirable spot, so well protected, and so central, that,
as the population increases, it will doubtless be- -
come a large and flourishing place : a block-house
was erected here by His Excellency Major-Gene
ral Sitncoe, and it was made a dep6t for the fine
whale boats, which were built by his Excellency's •
directions. Indeed it possesses many advantages:
the point is extremely well suited for the launch
ing of vessels, and the river is sufficiently deep for
those of any size ; so that a secure arsenal and
building place, and an excellent dock, might be
rnade in the lesser branch of the forks, upon which -
there is now a mill.
Firs are easily floated down from the pinery
above, and other kinds of timber necessary for
ship building may be procured by water carriage.
Its greatest disadvantage is the bar across its -
epibouchure into lake St Clair; but that is of suffi-.

35
cient depth for small craft rigged, and for large
vessels when lightened ; and it would answer as a
good winter harbour for any vessel which navi
gates the lakes, if she made herself light enough
to pass over the bar, and go into the river ; and
this might easily be effected for all vessels, by
having a flat-bottomed lighter stationed at the
mouth of the river for that especial purpose.
About 20 miles above Chatham is a village of
Moravians, under the guidance of four missionaries
from the United Brethren ; and here they have a
chapel. The converts are Indians, who are peace
able and civil ; their principal employment is in
attending to their corn-fields, and to the making
of maple sugar ; above the village, on the river, is
a large spring of petroleum. Passing upwards
from the Moravian village, the Thames continues
a fine serpentine canal, without falls, with a natu
ral tracking path great part of the way.
The windings of the river leave a fine rich bot
tom ; there is beautiful open laud on the tops of
the banks, which are high, but not broken ; pass-
ing the Delaware village, and a settlement in the
beautiful plains of the Delaware township, where
there is a fine pinery and good mills, you arrive
at the spot, selected by his Excellency Major-Ge
neral Simcoe, for the site of London.
This situation is on the main fork of the river
Thames, and considered by his Excellency as the
proper place for the seat of government It offers
many striking advantages for the capital of the

36
province ; is centrieally situated in regard to the
lakes Erie, Huron, and Ontario, and around it is
a large tract of land, well calculated for agricul
tural purposes, It communicates with lake St.
Clair and the Detroit, by the river Thames; it com-
niunjcates with lake Huron, by. the northern or
main branch of the Thames, and a small portage;
and it communicates with the Grand River, or
Ouse ; aud with lake Ontario, by the military way
called Dundas-street.
The proposed fortifications on the heights of
Charlotteville above Turkey Point, and within the
!6Jorth Foreland, promise it protection from lake
Erie. The work at Chatham protects the approach
to it up the Thames, and there are several strong
posts which guard it from the eastward; add to
this, that its local situation secures the interest
aud attachnient of that vast band of Indiaus, the
Chippewa nation.
The township of London is also well situated
for health, being plentifully watered with springs;
the streams have gravelly bottoms, and the water
is very pure. It is an excellent tract of land ; a
black rich soil ; it abounds with black and white
walnut, cherry, bass, elm, sugar maple, hickory,
beech, white and black ash, and several other
kinds of timber.
This tract is extremly well watered by the wind
ings of the Thames, and also receives a principal
branch of the river Chenail Ecarte; below the fork
of the Thames, is an island made by the river

37
having broken through a small isthmus ; and se.
veral springs add to the stream in the vicinity of
the island. The banks in general are high, with
intervals here and there of fine flats, originally
used by the Indians as planting grounds, particu
larly on the north side of the river adjoining the
fork. On the east side of the fork, between the
two main branches of the river Thames, on a re
gular eminence, about forty feet above the water,
is a natural plain, interspersed with small groves of
wood, affording in its present state the appearance
of a beautiful park, cultivated with great cost and
taste ; the nines which skirt the river shew their
tops above the banks, and make a fine termina
tion to the whole.
From London you pass up the Thames to Dor
chester, upon another fork of that river, and from
Dorchester still higher to Oxford, which is situ
ated upon the upper forks. From hence Dundas-
street extends 42 miles to Burlington bay ; from
thence you pass- immediately into lake Ontario,
through a small outlet, from whence it is 35 miles
to York, the present seat of the government

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GAZETTEER

OF THE

PROVINCE OF UPPER CANADA.

A.
Abino Creek, in the county of Lincoln, empties
itself into lake Erie, in the township of Bertie, at
the head of the bay> east of Point Abino.
Abino Point, in the township of Bertie, on lake
Erie, is nine or ten miles west of Fort Erie.
Addington and Lenox County, is bounded on the
east by the county of Frontenac, on the south by
lake Ontario, and on the west by the county of
Hastings. This county comprehends all the islands
nearest to it ; it sends, in conjunction with Has
tings and Northumberland, one representative to
the provincial parliament,
Adolphus Town is situated in the bay of Quint§;
it is bounded southerly, westerly, and northerly,
by the waters of the bay ; aud easterly by the
township of Fredericksburgh in the midland dis
trict. The courts of general quarter-sessions of-
the peace are holden here annually, the second
Tuesday in January and July,
Adolphus Town, the township of, in the county
of Lenox, lies to the westward of Fredericksburgh,
in the bay of Quinte.
Aldborough Township, in the county of Suffolk,

40 AMI
lies to the westward of Dunwich ; it is washed by
the Thames on the north, and by lake Erie on the
south. Alempignon Lake lies to the northward of lake
Superior, aftd between it and the mountains which
bound the Hudson's Bay Company, and New
South Wales to the southward. It contains several
small islands, and is about the size of lake Nipis-
sing. Alfred Township, in the county of Glengary, is
the third township in ascending the Ottowa river.
Alnwick Township, in the county of Northum
berland, lies in the rear and north of Haldimand.
AUumettes des, on the Ottawa river, above the
RapidiS, which are higher than riviere du Nord.
Alured Cape, in the township of Clarke, north
i&ide of lake Ontario.
Ameliasburgh Township, in the county of Prince
Edward is the westernmost township of that
county, bounded by the carrying place, which
leads from the head of the bay of Quints to lake
Ontario, and is washed by the waters of the bay
and the lake.
Amherstburgh, the military post and garrison
at the mouth of Detroit river, in the township of
Maiden. Amherst Island, formerly called Xslte Tonti, con
tains about 16,000 acres ; it lies opposite tO' Er
nest-town and part of Fredericksburgh, in lakeOn-
tario, towards the entrance of the bay of Quinte,
Amikoms, £tver o£ the, runs into kke Huron

AUG 41
from the north shore, east of the Missassaga
river. Ancaster Township Vies to the southward of Dun
das-street, and is bounded on the east by Barton
and Glanford.
Angousoka River, now called the Shannon, emp^
ties itself into the bay of Quint6.
Annequionchecom Lake, one of the lakes on the
communication between the Rice lake and lake
Simcoe. Ann^s St. Island, in lake Superior, lies to the
southward of Isle Hocquart
Apostles, the Twelve, lie off the southern cape»
which makes West bay, in lake Superior,
Appannee River, running through, the front of
the township of Camden, divides Fredericksburgh
from Richmond, and empties itself into thebay of
Quint6, at the Mohawk settlement
Atokas, River aux, runs into lake Ontario, west
of York, and the river Humber. The mouth of
this river is the boundary between the Missassaga
lands and the East Riding of the county of York.
It is now generally called the Etobicoke.
Attica Bay, on the south side of the Ottawa
river, in Monsieur de Longueil's seigniory, lies at
the mouth of the river of the same name.
Attica, -River au, runs into the Ottawa river,
m Monsieur 4e Longueil's seigniory.
Augusta, Township, in the county of Grenville,
is the eighth toWnship in ascending the river St.
Lawrepce. G

4S B A S

B.

Bachouanan River, empties itself into the east
erly part of lake Superior, about half way between
the falls of St. Mary and Red River,
Barbue Point, on the river St. Lawrence, about
a inile and a half above the lower end of the fourth
township. Barbue River, now called the Orwell.
Barilj Isles du, in the river St. Lawrence, lie in
front of the township of Elizabeth Town.
Baril, Pointe au, on the river St, Lawrence,
above Osweigatchie, and higher than the ship
yards. Barque, Isle de la, is a small island in lake On
tario, lying rather further out, and pretty near to
the Isle de Quints.
Barrier Point, the west point, wliere the river
Petite Nation empties itself into the Ottawa.
Burton Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies
west of Saltfleet, and fronts Burlington bay.
Bass Cove, in Adolphus town, bay of Quint^,
lies northward of Perch Cove.
. Bass Island, in the bay of Quint^ lies off, near
to the townplot, in Adolphus town.
Bass Islands, a group of islands at the west end
of lake Erie, situated between the Western Sister
and Cunningham's Island,
Bastard Township lies in the rear, and to the
northward of Lansdown and Leeds.

BER. 43
Batteau Island, in the river St. Lawrence, above
Bearded Island.
Batture Grand, on the Ottawa river, below the
Portage du Chfene.
Bayham Township, in the county Middlesex,
lies between Malahide and Houghton.
Bearded Island, in the river St, Lawrence, above
lake St. Francis.
Beaucharmis Isle, in the north-easterly part ot
lake Superior, not a great way from the shore, and
eastward of Isle Hocquart.
Beaver Creek rises in the township of Caistor,
and, running through part of Gainsborough, emp
ties itself into the Welland, to which river it runs
close, and nearly parallel, for almost four miles,
before it discharges itself into the river.
Beaver Creek, in the township of Humberstone,
runs into lake Erie, west of Row's Point.
Beaver Creek runs into lake Superior, on the
north side, between river Aupie and river Rouge.
Beaver River empties itself into the Narrows, a
little below the Falls of St Mary's, running from
north to south.
Bedford Township, in the county of Frontenac,
to the north of Loughborough and Pittsburg, and
east of Hinchinbroke.
Belle River runs into lake St. Clair, to the east-
of river aux Puces, and is navigable for boats
some way up.
Bertie Township is on the west side of Niagara
river, in the county of Lincoln; it lies south of
Willoughby, and open to lake Erie,

44 B o n
Beverly Township, in the West Riding of the
county of York, lies west of Flamborough, and
opposite to Dundas-street
Biche, Marais a la, empties itself into lake On
tario, at the north-east part of the township of
Grantham. Binbrook Township, in the county of Lincoln, is
situated between Saltfleet, Glandford, and Caistor.
Black Bay, on the north shore of lake Superior,
lies a little east of Isle de Minatte, and west of
Shanguenac. Black Creek, in the county of Lincoln, dis
charges itself into the river Niagara, in the town
ship of Willoughby, some miles above Chippewa.
Blandford Township, in the West Riding of the
county of York, lies to the northward of Dundas-
street, opposite to Oxford, and is washed by the
Thames, Blenheim Township, in the West Riding of the
county of York, lies to the northward of Dundas-
street, opposite Burford.
Block Townships, or the Townships of the Six
Nations, are numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4; they are
situated on the river Ouse, or Grand River, and
in the West Riding of the County of York,
Bodit, Pointe au, on the north shore of lake St.
Francis, is in Monsieur de Longueil's seigniory,
a,n,d a little to the east of the cove, in which is
the boundary between the provinces of Upper and
Lower Capada,
Bod^t, J^iver au, runs through part of the town-

BUR 45
ship of Lancaster, and empties itself into lake St.
Francis, east of Pointe au Bod6t.
Bois Blanc Island. This island lies east of
Rocky Island (in the strait between lake Erie and
lake St. Clair) but a little lower down, and close
in with the east shore; it contains from 150 to 200
acres of good land ; but little or no marsh ; it is
covered with wood, chiefly white wood. The
common ship channel is between it and the east
shore, which is narrow, and forms the best harbour
in this country. From the situation of this island,
it entirely commands the Detroit river, from lake
Erie ; at its upper end appear to be good situa.
tions for water-mills. A wider ship-channel is on
the west side of the island, but not so much fre
quented. The garrison of Amherstburgh, being
on the east shore, in Maiden, furnishes a small
detachment to Bois Blanc.
Bonne Chere, Riviere de la, runs into the Ot
tawa River above the river Matavaaschie, west of
the Radeau.
Bowen's Creek runs into the bay of Quint6, just
below the Mohawk settlement, and near to John's
island. Brant's Village, or the Mohawk village, Grand
River, Bristol, now called the township of Darlington.
Burford Township, in the London district, lies
between Windham and Dundas-street,
Burgess Township lies to the northward of the
township of Bastard.

4.^ € A W

Cabst's Head is very a large promontory run
ning into lake Huron, west of Gloucester, or
Matchedash bay, and embays a large part of that
lake at its easternmost extremity, stretching itself
towards the Manitou islands.
Caistor Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies
between Binbrook and Gainsborough, and is wa
tered by the river Welland.
Grand Calumet, on the Ottawa river, on the
south side, above the Portage de Montague,
Caledonia Township, in the county of Prescott,
is on the south, and in the rear of Longueil's seig
niory, ascending the Ottawa, or Grand river.
Calumet, Pointe au, on lake Superior, on the
north shore, the first point west of river du Ch^ne^
between which places the coast, consisting of per
pendicular rocks, is dangerous.
Cambridge Township, in the county of Stormont,
lies to the south, and in the rear of Clarence.
Camden East, tlie township of, in the midland
district, lies northerly of Ernest-town.
Camden Township, in the county of Kent, called
also Camden West, lies on the north side of the
river Thames, opposite to Howard.
Canada, or the province of Quebec. By the
Royal Proclamation of the 7th of October, 1763,
this province was bounded on the east by the river
St. John, and fronl thence, by a line drawn from

CAN 47
the head of that river through lake St John, to
the south end of lake Nipissing ; from whence the
line, crossing the river St. Lawrence and lake
Champlain in the 45th parallel of north latitude,
passes along the high lands which divide the rivers
thatempty themselves into the river St. Lawrence,
from those which fall into the sea ; and also along
the north coast of the Baye de Chaleurs, and the
coast of the Gulf of St Lawrence to Cape des Ro-
siers ; and from thence, crossing the mouth of the
river St. Lawrence, by the west end of the island
of Anticosti, terminates at the river St. John,
An Act of Parliament passed in 1774, has re
moved the northern and western limits of the pro
vince of Quebec, adding to its jurisdiction all the
lands comprised between the northern bounds of
New York, the western line of Pennsylvania, the
Ohio, the Mississippi, and the southern boundaries
of Hudson's Bay Company,
Canada Upper, commences at a stone boundary
on the north bank of the lake St. Francis, at the
cove west of Pointe au Bod^t, in the limit be
tween the township of Lancaster and the seignio
ry of New Longueil; running along the said
limit in the direction of north ihirty-four degrees
west, to the westernmost angle of the seigniory
of New Longueil ; thence along the north-wes
tern boundary of the seigniory of Vaudreiiil, run-
nirig north 25 degrees east, until it strikes the
OttdWa river, and ascends by it into lake Tomis
canning; and from the head of that kke by aline

48 CAR
drawn due nqrth, until it strikes the boundaiy
line of Hudson's JBay, including all that territory
to the westward and southward of the said line,
to the utmost extent of the country known by the
name of Canada.
This province is divided into districts, counties,
and townships. (See the Table, Jacing page 39,0
The counties send 25 representatives to, the
pro'vincial parliament.
Canard's River empties itself into the Detroit
river, at the Huron corn-fields, somewhat below
Figh.ting Island. About four miles up this river
are excellent mill seats, to which loaded boats
can go. There is a. fine limestone quarry in the
rear of the corn-fields, nearly in the centre of the
Huron reserve.
Cardinal, Pointe au, on the river St. Lawrence,
lower down than Point Gallo, in Edwardsburgh.
Canise Island, in the north-east part of lake
Simcoe. ,,
Carleton County, in the district of Johnstown,
lies between the county of Grenville and the Ot
tawa river, and contains, at present, only the
township of NepeaU.
Carleton Island lies near to Grand Island, oppo
site to Kingston, and nearest the south shore,
where lake Ontario descends into the St Law
rence. Kingston garrison furnishes a detachment
to this place.
Carribou Island, in Muddy lake, between Rocky
Point and Frying Pan Island.

C HA 49
Castle Point, in Traverse Bay, lake Ontario, lies
between Tower Point and Point Traverse.
Cat Island, or Isle au Chat, in the river St
Lawrence. Cataraqui, now called Kingston.
Cataraqui Petit, nearly in the centre of the
township of Kingston, opposite to Isle la Forfit
Cataraqui, Isle de Petit, off the north part of
Isle la For^t, opposite to the township of Kingston.
Catfish Creek, or river a la Chaudiere, or Kettle
Creek. Catfish Island Vies at the west end of Long Reach,
in the bay of Quint6.
Cauchois Isle, now called Howe Island, by Pro
clamation, the l6thof July, 1792.
Cedar Creek runs into lake Erie, near the east
end of the two connected townships, and is some
times called Cedar river.
Cedar Island, a little below Kingston, lies off
the mouth of Hamilton Cove, is rocky, and not fit
for cultivation.
Cedres, Petite Isle aux, see Cedar Island.
Celeron Isle lies at the entrance of Detroit river,
a little south of Grosse Isle; is small, and unim.
proved. Charlottenburgh, the township of, is on the ri
ver St. Lawrence, and in the county of Glengary,
being the second township inascendittg-
Charlotteville Township, in the county of Nor
folk, lies west of Woodhouse, and fronts Long
Point bay. •
n

so CHE
Chdrronf River empties itself into lake Supe rior
on the north-east shore, to the northward of river
de Montreal.
Chasse, Riviere de la belle, runs into the river St.
Lawrence about two miles below Isle Rapid Plat.
Chat Lake is part of the: Ottawa river above lake
Chaudiere, and rather less.
Chat, Isleau, in the river St. Lawrence, oppo
site to the township of Osnabruck, contains from
100 to 150 acres. The soil is good.
Chatham Tozvnship, in the county of Kent, lies
to the northward of the Thames, opposite Har-
wiph. Chaudiere Falls, on the Ottawa river,' 36 feet
high. They are a little above the mouth of the
river Radeau, and below lake Chaudiere.-
¦ Chaudiere Ltfke is formed by; the widening of
the Ottawa river, above the mouth of the river
Radeau, and below lake Chat, , ,.
r Chaudiere/ Riviere h lai or Catfish creek; runs
into lake Erie, west of Long Point
Chehoutequion is one of the lakes on the com-
muiiicatiori between lake Simcoe and the Ricelake.
- •\Chenal Ecarti Isle, near the entrance of the ri
ver St Clair, into lake St, Clair, east of Harsan'^
inland ; it contains about 300 acres of arable land ;
the other parts are meaidow. and marsh. I . ¦
Chenal Ecart6, Isle de, in the river S<t. Lawrence,
opposite the township of Cornwall, ootttains from
;^even to eight hundred aci^ ; the soil is good.
Qhenal Ecart^ River runs nearly paralii^l to> tHc

fc o C 51
river Thames, and empries itself at the entrance
of river St. Clair, into lake St. Clair.
Chene, Isle du, in lake Ontario, lies off the east
erly shore of Marysburgh, and close to the land.
Chine, Pointe au, on the river St. Lawrence, lies
east of River de la Traverse, and nearly opposite
to St. Regis,
Chine, Portage du, on the Ottawa river, imme
diately below lake Chaudiere,
Chine, Riviere du, runs into the bay of Michi-
picoten, lake Superior, west of river Michipicoten.
Che*Oeaux, Pointe aux, on the north shore of
lake Ontario, and to the eastward of the river Ga-
naraskee. -¦AChippewa Creek, (or Chippewa river,) called the
Welland, by Proclamation, the 16th of July, 1792,
discharges itself into the river Niagara a little be
low the great falls ; it is a fine canal, without falls,
of forty niiles in length.
Claies, Lake aux, now lake Simcoe, is situated
between York and Gloucester bay, on lake Huron ;
it has a few small islands, and several good har
bours, Clarence Township, in the county of Stormont, is
the fifth township as you ascend the Ottawa river.
Clarke Tozvnship, in the county of Durham, lies
to the west of Hope, and fronts lake Ontario.
Clinton Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies
west of Louth, and fronts lake Ontario.
Cochela, an island in lake Huron, lying between
the south-easterly end of the Manitou islands, and
the north main.

52f c R I
Cochon, Isle au, a small island between Kingston,
Gage island, and Wolfe island ; nearest to the^
latter, ' -
Colchester Townships in the county of Essex, is
situated upon lake Erie> aud lies between Maiden
and Gosfield.
Cooke's Bay, on the south side of lake Simcoe.
Holland's river discharges itself into the head of
this bay.
Coote's Paradise, is a large marsh lying within
Burlington bay, and abounding in game.
Coppermine Point, in the east end of lake Su
perior, in the vicinity of which, some years ago,.
an attempt was made to dig for copper ore, but
soon after abandoned. This place is nearly north
east and by north from Point Mamonce, and be
tween it and the mouth of the river Montreal.
Cornwall, the Township of, in the county of
Stormont, is situated upon the river St Lawrence,
and the third township in ascending the river.
Cramahe Township, in the county, of Northum-
berlandi lies west of Murray, and fronts lake
Ontario, Credai River,, or River Credit, discharges itself
into lake Ontario, between the head of that lake
and York, in the Missassaga territory. It is a
great resort for these and other Indian tribes, and
abounds in fish.
Creuse River. Part of the Ottawa river is so
called, above les Alumets. \,
Cris, Big and Little, i Two points on the north

D £ T 53
shore on lake Superior, east of isle Grange, and
surrounded by islands ; between these points is a
noted and safe harbour.
, Qrqsby Tozomhip, in the county of Leeds, lies
to the northward of Leeds, and to the westward
of Bastard.
: Crowland Township, in the county of Lincoln,
lies west of Willoughby, and is watered by the
Welland, or Chippewa.
, Cumberland Township Yxes, in the county of Rus-
sel, and is the sixth township in ascending the Ot
tawa river.
Cunningham's Island is situated at the western
end of lake Erie, south-westerly of the Bass
islands, and southerly of Ship, island.

D.
Darling Island, the largest of two islands in the
entrance of lake Simcoe.
Darlington Township, in the county of Dur
ham, lies to the west of Clarke, and fronts upon
lake Ontario.
Delaware Township, in the county of Middle
sex, lies on the east side of the river Thames, on
the plains above the Delaware village of liidians.
i Dereham Township, in the county of Oxford,
lies to the west of, and adjoining to, Norwich.
Detour, the entrance into lake Huron from
Muddy lake, to the south and west of St. Joseph's
island.

54, DOR
Detdur, on the north shore of lake Huron, lies
a little to the east of the isles au Serpent
Detour Point, is on the west main, in the strait
made by St. Joseph's island, leading from Muddy
like to lake Huron.
Detroit, is in about 42 degrees 14 minutes of
north latitude, and 82 degrees 33 minutes of
west longitude. The French called it Fort Pont-
chartrain. It has accommodation for a regiment,
and it consists of three parts ; the town, the ci-
tadeli and fort Lanoult. '
Detroit, turn of Little, is the eastern-most
thereof, on the north shore of lake Superior.
¦ Detroit, Little, on the north coast of lake Supe
rior, west of Isle Grange.
Detroit, Petit, in the upper St. Lawrence. See
the Narrows of Escott.
Detroit, le Petit, on the Ottawa river, is below
the; upper main forks of the Ottawa river.
Diable, Isles au, in the river St. Lawrence, lie'
between the Isle au Long Sault, and the tOAvnship
of Osnabruck.
Don River, in the East riding of the county of
York, discharges itself into York harbour,
Dorchester >Maunt, is that ridge of mountain
running through the county of Lincoln; parallel
to. lake Ontario, and is supposed to be a spur of
the Alleghany.
Dorchester Township, in the county of Middle
sex, lies west of, and adjoining to, Dereham, front
ing the river Thames.

Due 53
Dover Township, in the county of Kent, lies on
the north side of the Thames, opposite to Raleigh.
Dublin, now called the township of York ;
which see.
Dubois Lac, lies between 98 and 100 degrees
west longitude from Greenwich, and between the
48th and 50th parallels of north latitude ; it lies
to the westward of lake la Pluie, and receives
the waters of that lake, by river la Pluie, which
are carried off again by the river Winipique into
the great lake Winitapa, or Winipique, and from
thence into Hudson's Bay. This lake contains
some islands ; it has also a back communication
with lake la Pluie, to the northward, by inferior
streams. Duck Cove, on lake Ontario, in Marysburgh, on
the east shore, between Isle du Chdne and Tower
Point Duck Islands, called the Real Ducks, in lake
Ontario, lie between Wolfe island and Point Tra
verse. Duck Islands, in lake Ontario, lie off Point
Traverse, and north-easterly of it, not far from the
Point. These are called the False Ducks.
¦Duck Islands,, are situated between Muddy
lake and Huron, southerly and easterly of St. Jo
seph's island.
Duck Point, on lake Ontario, in the towtiship
bf Murray, is the fii^st point west of the Portage
that leads from the head of the bay of Quinte to
the lake.

56 DUB
Dufiin's Creek runs into lake Ontario in the
township of Pickering (east of the river of Easy
Entrance,) and is remarkable for the quantity of
salmon which resort to it.
Dundas County is bounded on the east by the
county of Stormont, on the south by the river St.
Lawrence, on the west by the easternmost boun
dary line of the townships of Edwardsburgh and
Gpwer, and on the north by the townships of Os
goode and Russel, The county of Dundas com
prehends all the islands near it in the river St.
Lawrence. It sends one representative to the pro
vincial parliament.
Dunwich Township, in the county of Middlesex,
lies to the west of South wold, having the river
Thames for its north, and lake Erie for .its south
boundary. Durham County is bounded on the east by the
county of Northuni|)ei;land; on the south by lake
Ontario, until it meets the westernmost point of
Long Beach ; thence by a line running north 16
jdjegrees west, until it intersects the southern
houndary of a tract of land belonging to the Mis-
sasaga Indians; and therice alqng thq said tract,
parallel tp lake Ontario, until it meets the north-
westernmps^ bpundary of the county of Northum
berland. The boundaries of this county were established
by Proclamationthe 16th July, 1792. It sends, in
conj^pctjon. with the county of York, and the

ECO 5'7
first Riding of the county of Lincoln, one repre
sentative to the provincial parliament.
Dyer's Island, in the head of the bay of Quint^
lies to the eastward of Missassaga island.
E,
East Bay, in Adolphustown, bay of Quints, is
Vhere the forks of the north channel open, de-
cending south-westerly from Hay bay.
East Lake lies between the townships of Marys
burgh and Sophiasburgh, immediately to the north
east of little Sandy bay, on lake Ontario.
Eastern District, the, was originally constituted
and erected into a district, by the name of the
district of Lunenburgh, in the province of Que
bec, by his Excellency Lord Dorchester's Procla
mation of the 24th July, 1 788, and was taken prin
cipally off the west end of the district of Mon
treal : it received its present name by an act of the
Provincial Legislature. But the western part, con
taining the counties of Leeds, Grenville, and
Carleton, now forms the district of Johnstown : it
is bounded easterly by the province of Lower Ca
nada; southerly by the river St, Lawrence; north
erly by the Ottawa river; and westerly by the
townships of Nepean, Gower, and Edwardsburgh.
Ecors, Grand, the high lands to the eastward
of York.
Ecors, Petit, on the north shore of lake Onta
rio, east of Salmon river, arid between it and the
river Ganaraska.

58 ESS
Edinburgh, now called the township of Picker
ing ; which see.
Edwardsburgh Township, in the county of Gren
ville, is the seventh township in ascending the ri
ver St Lawrence.
Elbow Island, in the north-westerly part of lake
Superior, lies to the north-east of the Grand Por
tage, and westerly of Isle Maurepas.
Elizabeth Town, the township of, in the county
of Leeds, is. the ninth township in ascending the
river St. Lawrence.
Elmsley Township, in the district of Johnstown,
lies to the north, and in the rear of Kitley.
Epingles, les, on the south-west branch of the
Ottawa river, above the main or upper forks, be
tween portage k la Rose, and portage Par^sseux,
but nearest to the latter ; it is nearly half way
from the fork to the lake Nipissing portage.
Erie, Fort, in the township of Bertie, is in about
42 degrees 53 minutes and 17 seconds of north
latitude. It has a barrack for troops, and a block
house. Lake Erie narrows here into the strait,
which carries the waters over the great falls of Ni
agara : there is a good harbour here for vessels of
any size.
Ernest Town, the township of, in the, midland
district, is the first township above Kingston, shel
tered from lake Ontario by Amherst island, which
lies in its front.
Essex County, is bounded on the east by the
county of Middlesex ; on the south by lake Erie ;

FLA 69
on the west by the river Detroit. It sends one
representative to the Provincial Parliament
Eturgeon Lac, see Sturgeon lake.
F.
Palls of Niagara. A stupendous cataract in the
river Niagara, a little below where the river Wel
land or Chippewa joins the waters of the lakes.
Falls, Great, on the river Petite Nation.
Falls, Long, see the Long Sault.
Fighting Island, called by the French Grose Isle
aux Dindes, lies about four miles below Detroit ;
it is valuable for pasture, but has very little wood ;
the Indians in the summer make it a place of en
campment, and some of them plant a little corn :
there is no other improvement on it. On the up
permost end of the island are vestiges of intrench
ments, from behind the breastwork of which the
Indians annoyed the British shipping as they
passed, shortly after the reduction of Detroit.
Finch Township, in the county of Stormont, lies
in the rear of Osnabruck, and to the west of Rok-
burg. Flat Islands, lie towards the west end of the Ma
nitou islands, and open to the straits of Michili
mackinac, upon lake Huron.
Flamborough Township, distinguished by east and
west Flamborough, in the West Riding of the
county of York, lies west of the Missasaga lands,
and fronts Dundas*street.

60 F R A
Pain, Point au, in the river St. Lawrence, the
first above river k la vielle Galette in Edwards*
burgh. Force, Isle de la, a very small island offthe south
west point of isle Tonti.
Foreland, North, (formerly called Long Point,}
on lake Erie ; which see.
Poreland, South, (formerly called Point Pel6,) on
the north shore of lake Erie, west of Landguard.
There is good anchorage for vessels on either side
of the point, which runs out a considerable dis
tance, but the best is on the east side, in clay bot
tom. Near the extremity of the point, and on the
east side, is a pond, where boats in general may
enter, and be secure from most winds. A long
reef runs out from the point,
Forit, Isle au, now called Gage Island, by Pro
clamation, 16th July, 1792. See Gage Island.
Forit, Isle la. See Isle de la Force,
Forks of the Bay of Quinte, where the East Bay
unites with the North Channel, a little to the nprth--
ward, of Grand Bay.
Fort Amherst. See Amherstburgh.
Fort Qeorge ; the military post and garrison on
the heights above Navy Hall, at the entrance of
Niiagara river, in the township of Niagara, in the
county of Lincoln.
Francis Island is in the north part of lake Sim
coe. Francis, Lake St. is that part of the river St.
Lawrence, which, widening above the Coteau de

THY 61
Luc, loses its current, and becomes a long and nar
row lake!
Francois River runs south-west from lake Ni
pissing into lake Huron : it has several portages ;
that nearest to lake Nipissing is called Portage de
Trois Chaudiers, in length about half a mile.
Frederick Point is on the east side of Kingston
harbour, and on the west side of Haldimand Cove,
which is made by it and Point Henry.
Fredericksburgh Township, in the county of Le
nox, lies to the west of Ernest Town, in the Bay
of Quints.
French River. See river Francois,
Frenchman's Creek, in the county of Lincoln,
disch&,rges itself into the river Niagara, in the town
ship of Bertie, a few miles below Fort Erie.
Frenchmen's River, or French river, or River
Franjfois. Frontenac County, is bounded on the east by the
county of Leeds ; on the south by lake Ontario ;
and on the west by the townships of Ernest-town,
Camden, and Sheifield,
The boundaries of this county were established
by Proclamation, the l6th July, 1792. It sends,
in conjunction with the county of Leeds, one' re
presentative to the provincial parliament,
Frontenac Fort, now comprehended within the
town of Kingston, is just to be discovered from its
remains, and an old fosse near the present barracks.
Frying-pan Island, in Miiddy-lake, to the north
ward of Pointe de Tour.

(J2 6AN G.
Gage Island, hes off Kingston, in lake Qntarid,
between Amherst island and Wolfe island.
Gainsborough Township, in the county of Lin
coln, lies between Pelham and Caistor, and fronts
Welland, or Chippewa.
Galette, on the river St. Lawrence, in Edwards
burgh. Galette, Riviere a la vielle, runs into the river
St, Lawrence, above isle Fort Levi.
Gallop, Poirite^au, on the north shore of the ri
ver St, Lawrence, just below Hospital island, in
Edwardsburgh. Galloos\ les, or Gallops, on the river St. Law
rence, are the Rapids off Pointe Galloppe, in Ed
wardsburgh. Gdnanoqui River discharges itself into the river
St Lawrence, in the township of Leeds, As high
as the first Rapid, the shore is bold, and the water
deep : there is an excellent harbour in the mouth
of the river; the water is from 12 to 15 feet deep
in the channel, and the current is very slow- This
river was called the Thames, before the division of
the province of Quebec,
Ganaraska River, by some called, Pemetescou-^
tiangj runs into lake Ontario, on the north side,
eastward of the Petit Ecors, and west. of Pointe
aux Chevaux. From the mouth of this riyer is a
carrying-place of about eleven ^miles to the Rice
lake, through an excellent country for making a
road.

G L o 63
Geneter, Isle au, in the river St. Lawrence, lies
a little above Isle au Chat,
Geneva Lake, called Burlington Bay by Procla-
marion, 16th July, 1792.
George Lake is situated below the Falls of St.
Mary, and to the northward of Muddy lake ; it is
about 25 miles long, and has very shallow water.
Gibraltar Point is the western extremity of a
sand bank, which forms the harbour of York, and
upon which blockhouses are erected for its defence.
Glanford Township, in the county of Lincoln, is
situated between Ancaster, Barton, Binbrook, and
the six nations of Indians ; sometimes called the
Grand River lands, now the county of Haldimand.
Glasgow, now called the township of Scarbo
rough, is in the East riding of the county of York.
Glengary County is, bounded on the east by the
line that divides Upperfrom Lower Canada; on the
south by the river St. Lawrence ; on the west by
the county of StPrmont; and on the north by the
county of Prescott. Glengary county comprehends
all the islands nearest to it in the river St. Law
rence. The greater part of it fronts the St, Law
rence. It sends two representatives to the pro
vincial parliament.
Gloucester,on lake Huron, (formerly called Mat
chedash.) Gloucester Fort, or Pointe aux Pins, the first
point on the north shore in the narrows leading
from lake Superior towards the falls of St. Mary,
Gloucester Township, in the county of Russel, is

64 G R A
the seventh township in ascending the Ottawa ri
ver; it lies eastward alsoof and adjpining the ri
vet Radeau. I .), j '
Gorgontua, a remarkable high rocpc on the north
shore of lake Superior, lying at a smalldistailce,
and ^southerly of, the point which forms Michipi
coten Bay, to the southward and eastward; the
rock is hollow, with an opening into it.
i,, Gosfield Township, in the county of Essex, is sf-
tuated upon lake Erie, and lies west of Mersea.
Gower Toxpnship lies on thewestside of the river
Eadeau, and is the second township inascending
that river, ,i
Grand B/ay, in thebay of Quinte, lies immedi
ately below the main forks. )
,j, Grand Isle, now called Wolfe Island, by Pro
clamation, 1 6th July, I792j is situated between
Cataraqui and Carlton Island, where lake Ontario
falls into the river St. Lawrence.
Grand Marsh, in the western district, lies in the
rear of the parishes of I'Assomption and Petite
C6te, on the Detroitxand communicates with lake
St Clair, opposite to Peach Island, and with the
strait opposite to Fighting island.
Grand River, (lake Erie,) called the Ouse, by
Proclamation, t;he i6th July; 1792, rises in the
Missasaga country, and running through the'West
Riding of the county of York, and the county of
Haldimand, discharges itself into lake Erie, be
tween Wainfleet and Rainham*
Grand, or Ott&wa. River, in-that channel which

6 R B 65^
carries the waters of lake Tomiscatihing till they
make a junction with those of the St, Lawrence,
a little above Montreal. This river is the northern
boundary 6f Upper Canada, aud the route which
is taken by the Lower Canada traders, to the north
west; there are a great many rapids on this com
munication. Grange, Isle, near the north shbre of lake Supe
rior, west of the Cris Points ; and in front of
Grange Bay.
Grange River empties itself into a bay of that
name on the north shore of lake Superior, west of
the Cris. This river leads to Nepigon; a place
which was formerly remarkable for furnishing the
best beaver and martin, and was the farthest ad
vanced post of the French traders, at the time
that Great Britain conquered Canada.
Grantham Township, in the county of Lincoln,
lies west of Niagara, and fronting lake Ontario.
Grasse, Baye de, on the north shore of lake On
tario, lies to the eastward of Point aux Chevaux.
Gravel Point, on lake Ontario, in Marysburgh,
lies between St. Peter'^ Bay and Point Traverse.
Graves Island, in the south-east part of lake
Simcoe. Gravois, Pointe au, is the west point of the lit
tle Detroit, on the north coast pf lake Superior.
Gravois, Riviere au, in the Missassaga land, on
the north shore of lake Ontario, runs into that
lake, between Burlington Bay and River au Credai;
Great Island, or Grand Isle, in the river Nia-
X

66 G R o
gars, is sitPate4;in ,fio^t-of the^ to\yiis]l^ip of Wil-
¦oughby, and is of considerable, size ; below it is
N^vy Island. ^ j , ,
Great Cape, on the north side,, where lake Su-
perior. descends into 4^he narrows of the t fall St.
Mary. .,, (. ¦,,:,,. ^ .-, ,„ ' - ,. ,,
Green Point, in the bay of Quint^, is the north
pointin Sophiasburgh, and lays opposite to John's
Island. Grenville County is bounded on the east by the
county, pf Dundas ; on the south by the river, ^t
Lawrence; on t^e. west by the townships of Eli
zabeth, Town, Kitley, and Elmsley, and on the
north by the county of Carleton. , The county of
(jienyille comprehendjs all the Islands near to it
in the river St. Lawrence.
It sends one representative to the proYipcial
parliament. <
Grey's River empties itself into lake Simcoe,
on the east side. • ;
Grimsby Township, in the county .of , Lincoln,
lies wes- of Clinton, and fronts lake Ontario. •
Grosse Isle. This island is situated in the riyer
Eltetroit, and lies a little way lower -down than
Grosse Isle aux d'Indes, but close to the west
shore; it contains severa.1 thousand acres of excel
lent land, and plenty of goodwood; is in a^iigh
state of improvement; a number of farmers are
sdfiitled there, who possess r large quanrities of
cleared l^n^. - •
(xrosseisk aux d'.Indes, called Fighting island!

HAM 67
Grosse, Isle la, (so called by the Canadians,) is
the same as Michilimackinac.
Gull Island lies among the Duck islands, off
Point Traverse, in lake Ontario, and is one of the
southernmost of the groupe,
Gwillimbury Township, in the home district, lies
on lake Simcoe, where Yonge-street meets Hol
land's river. H.
Haldimand County, is in the District of Niaga
ra, and contains the Six Nations Lands, south of
Dundas-street, it is watered by the river Ouse, or
Grand river,
Haldi.nand Cove is a little' to the eastward of
Kingston harbour, and rtiade by the Points Fre
derick and Henry, On the west side of this cove
is the King's dock-yard, aad provisions, stores,
wharf, &c,
Haldimand Point. See Point Frederick, ^*
Haldimand Tozvnship, in the county of Northum.-
beriand, lies to the west of Cramahd, and fronts
lake Ontario,
Hallowell Tozvnship, in the county of Prince Ed
ward, is a new township, formed out of the town
ships of Marysburgh and Sophiasburgh ; it lies at
the southern part of the county, open to lake On
tario. liamilton Cove is a little to the east of Haldi
mand Cove, and separated from it by Point Hen
ry. Cedar island is off the mouth of this cove.

6$ « A T
Hamilton Pdni, the east point which makes Ila-
miJton Cpve, having Ppint Henry on the west.
Hamilton Township, in thecounty of Northum-
land, lies to the westward of Haldimand, having
lake Ontario in its front, and the Rice lake in its
rear. ..•!,',-' ¦ • ¦
Hare Island lies at the west end of Hay bay, in
the bay of Quint6.
Harsen's Island, near the entrance of the river
St Clair, in lake St. Clair, east of Thompson's
islancl ; it cpntains near three hundredacres of land
fi^ fpr culture; the Pther parts of it are meadow
audi marsh, , :  ....
Harwich Township, in the western district, lies
tp the w^st of Howard, haying lake Erie tp the
sputh,,and, the river Thames to the north.
Hastings County i^ bounded on the east by the
cp:^inty of .Leupjc; on. the south by the bay of
Quinte, and on the west by the county pf North
umberland., This county coruprehends all, the
islands near it in the bay of Quintfe and river
Trent The greater part of the couijty fronts the
bay of Quint^.
It sends, in conjunction. with the .^coun ties, of
Northumberland and Lenox (excepting Adolphus-
Town,), one representative to the provincial, parlia
ment Hawkesbury Township, in the county pf Glen-
garyjl^es.on the Ottawa river, acypining to Lower
Canada, . „ > ,
Hay Bay,, in the township of Fredericksburgh,

H 0 M 69
running south-westeriy into East bay,, makes the
fork of the north channel of the bay of Quint6.
Henry Point is the east point, of Haldimand
Cove, which is formed by it and Point Frederick
on the west ¦ •
Herbes, Pointe aux, on the north shore of lake
St Francis, lies east of the river aux Raisins.
Hesse, since called the western district by an
act of the provincial legislature, in the first session.
Hinchinbroke Township, in the county of Fron-"
tinac, to the north of Portland and west of Bedford.
Hog Island, below Peach island, is situated itt
the strait of Detroit, where it opens into lake St
Clair; the lower end of it is about two miles
above Detroit ; it contains about 300 acres of land,
fit for tillage, and a large quantity of marsh and
meadow land. It has some wood on it ; the land
is low, but valuable for pasturage, is well impror
ved, and contains in all. about 1700 statute acres,
Holland's River runs from the south-west, and
empties itself into Cook's bay, lake Simcoe.
Home District, the, was originally constituted
and erected into a district, by the iiame of the
district of Nassau, in the province of Quebec, by
his Excellency Lord Dorchester's Proclamation,
of'the 24th of July, 1788; it received its present
name by an act of the provincial legislature : it
is npw bounded easterly by a line running norths
ward frpm between Whitby and Darlingtop town
ships, on the lake Ontario, to Talbot river, and
from thence to the lake Nipissing, westerly by the

7-0 H U M
London district, and on the south by the district
of Niagara and the lake Ontario,
Hope Township, in the county of Durham, lies
to the west of Hamilton, and fronts lake Ontario •
Hope's Cove, one of the principal harbours in
the Bass islands, lake Erie, close to St George's
island, Hocquart Isle, in lake Superior, lies southerly
of Michipicoten bay, and northerly of isle St.
Ann. Horn, Cape, is bn the east main, at the north
end of Muddy lake, and at the entrance of the
strait that leads from lake George • to tWe north
ward of it, in the strait; are high rocks.
' Hospital Island, in the river St Lawrence, in
front of the township of Edwardsburgh, contains
about 100 acres ; it lies immediately above Point
au Gallop, • -
Houghton Township, in the county of Norfolk^
lies west of Walsingham, on the lake Erie. '
Howard Township, in the* cdunty of Kent, lies
west of Orford; it is Watered on the north by the
Thamfes, and on the south by lake Erie,
'Howe Island, lies iii the river St. Lawrerice,
between Wolfe Island and Pittsburifh, '' ' '
Humber River, in the East Riding of the coun
ty of York, empties itself irito lake Ontario, a
little to the westward of the old fort Toronft), ' '
¦ Humberstone Tozvnship, in the courity of Lin
coln, lies between Bertie arid Wainfleet, and fronts
lake Erie.

I V R 71
Hungerford Township, in the county of Has
tings, lies in the rear and to the northward of the
Mohawk tract,
Huntingdon Township, in the county of Has
tings, lies in the rear and to the northward of
Thurlow.

: J,
Jervois, River au, or Knagg's Creek, falls into
the Detroit river, near the town of Sandwich.
Industry Point, or Morgan's Point, on the north
shore of lake Erie, west of Sugar Loaf.
Joechims, I'Etang des, on the Ottawa river, is
below the river de Moine.
John's Island, in the bay of Quints, opposite
to the Mohawk settlement, west of Richmond.
Johnson Point, on lake St. Francis; in the town
ship of Charlottenburgh, lies westward of River
aux Raisins.
Johnstown, New, in the tPwnship of Cornwall,
is situated upon the river St. Lawrence, below'thc
Long Sault, to the northward of Grand Isle St
Regis : and is now called Cornwall.
Johnstown, in the township of Edwardsburgh,
is situated upon the river St, Lawrence, above
the uppermost rapids in ascending to lake Ontario.
Iroquois, Pointe aux on the river St. Lawren«»
six or seven miles above the Rapid plat, in the
township of Matilda,
Ivrogne Point, in the river St. Lawrence, in

72 K I A
front of the township of Edwardsburgh, lies a
little below Isle du Fort Levi, on the north shore.
K. '.
Kamanestigoyan, on the west shore of lake Su
perior, now called the Grand Portage.
Katabokokonk (ox river of Easy Entrance,) emp
ties itself into lake Ontario, in the township of
Pickering. Kempenfelt's Bay, on the west side of lake
Simcoe. Kent County is in the western district, is bound
ed by the county of Middlesex in the London
district on the east, by the county of Essex on
the west, and by the lake Erie on the south. It
sends two representatives to the provincial par
liament. Itenyon Townships in the county of Glengary,
is in the rear of Charlottenburgh.
Ketche Sepee, or Great River, now called the
Nen. Kettle River, or riviere a la Chaudiere, rises in a
long marsh, towards the river Thames, and running-
southerly, discharges itself into lake Erie, west of
the carrying-place, out of the bay of Long Point,
having at times five feet and a half water on its '
bar ; this river has suflScient water for boats, many
miles upwards ; its entrance is only 25 feet wide.
Kiasan Point, on the south shore of lake Supe
rior, lies about half way between West bay and

K. 1 N 73
the entrance to the falls of St, Mary, and is situa.
ted south-east of isle Philippeaux.
King Tozvnship, in the East Riding of the coun
ty of York, lies to the northward of Vaughan,
on the west of Yonge-street, and opposite to Whit
church. Kingston-is in about 44 degrees 8 minutes of
north latitude, and- 75 degrees 41 minutes of west
longitude, is situated at the head of the St. Law
rence, on the north shore, opposite Wolfe is
land. It occupies the site of old Fort Frontenac,
was laid out in the year 1784, and is now of con
siderable size. It has a barrack fottroop's, a housd
for the commanding oflScer, an hospital, several
storehouses, and an episcopal church of the es
tablished religion. The ruins of the French works
are yet to be seen, as well as that of a breast-work
thrown up by General Bradstreet, on the east
side of the town. It has an excellent hai-bour,
where the King's shipping on lake Ontario, for
the most part. Winter, The brigades of batteauxi
from Montreal, with stores and provisions, ship
Aem at this place for Niagara, ' The garrison
furnishes a detachment to Carlton island.
,. The gaol and court-house for the Midland dis
trict was established at this place by an act of the
provincial legislature, during the first session.
The courts of the General Quarter Sessions of the
Peace are holden here, the second Tuesday in
April and October, annually,
LKif^o^Township isthe fourteenth uppermost

74 LAN
township in ascending the river St. Lawrence, It
is in the county of Frontenac, and lies partly open
to lake Ontario.
Kitley Township, in the county of Leeds, lies
to the eastward of, and adjoining to Bastard,
Killikokin Point, in Sophiasburgh, bay of Quint^
lies opposite to the Mohawk settlement
Knagg's Creekf or river au Jervois ; which see.
L.
Lac, Pointe du, the westernmost point as you
descend into lake St, Francis, on the north side
of the river St. Lawrence.
Lancaster, the Township of, is in the county of
Glengary, on the river St. Lawrence, and the
lowest in the provinces adjoining to Lower Canada.
Landing, West, now-called Queenstown ; which
see. Landguard, on lake Erie, so called by his Ex
cellency the Lieutenant Governor, 23d October,
1795, its former name being Pointe aux Pins ; this
place is in latitude about 42 degrees 7 minutes
15 seconds north ; variation 2 degrees 48 minutes
westerly. There is a pond at the back of the
Point, the entrance to which has sometimes four
feet and a half water on the bar ; on the bank of
the pond is an old Indian village, from whence
there is a good path to the river Thames. —
There is a great resort of Indians to this place in
the spring, induced by the quantity of fish and

LIN 75
fowl that may be taken here at that season. This
Point is about twenty miles, or upwards, east of
the South Foreland, and bears the only pine timber
on this coast.
Lansdown Township, in the county of Leeds, is
the eleventh township in ascending the river St
Lawrence, La Tranche (or la Trenche) called the Thames
by Proclamation, the 16th July, 1792.
Leeds County is bounded on the east by the
county of Grenville ; on the south by the river
St, Lawrence ; and on the west by the boundary
lines of Pittsburgh and Bedford. The county of
Leeds comprehends all the islands in the river St.
Lawrence, near to it. The greater part of it lies
fronting the St, Lawrence.
It sends, in conjunction with the county of
Frontenac, one representative to the provincial
parliament. Leeds Township, in the county of Leeds, is the
twelfth township in ascending the river St, Law
rence. (See Addington and Lenox county,)
Levi, Isle du Fort, in the river St. Lawrence, in
front of the township of Edwardsburgh, On this
island are the ruins of a French fortification.
Lincoln County is divided into four ridings ; the
first riding is bounded on the west by the county
of York; on the south by the county of Halde-
mand, or lands of the Six Nations ; thence by the
river Welland to the south-east extremity of

<76 LIT,
Gainsborough j thence northward to the lake Onr
tario, and thence along the south shore of lake
Ontario until it meets the southrcast boundary of
the county of York,
The second riding is bounded on the west by
thefirst riding; on the north by lake Ontario;
on the east by the river Niagara ; and on the south
by the northern boundary of the townships, Pel
ham, Thorold, and Stamford.
The third riding is bounded on the east by the
river Niagara; on the south by the Chippewa, or
Welland ; on the west by the eastern boundary
of the first riding ; and on the north by the southr
ern boundary of the second riding. *
The fourth riding is bounded on the east by the
river Niagara ; on the south by lake Erie ; on the
west by the Six Nations, or Haldimand county ;
and on the north by the river Welland, or Chip
pewa. This riding includes the islands comprised
"within the easternmost boundaries of the river
Niagara, The second and third riding send each one
repre.sentative to the provincial parliament. The
first riding seijds one, in conjunction with the
counties of Durham and York; and the fourth
riding sends one in conjunction with the county
of IJ^prfolk.
Little Bay, on lake Ontario, the westernmost
point ofwhich is the boundary between the coun
ties of Northumherland and Durham, and between
the townships of Hamilton and Hope.

LO K 77
London, District of, is between the Home dis
trict on the east the western district on the west,
the lake Erie on the south, and the lake Huron
on the north.
London, the Township of, is situated on the main
fork of the river Thames, in a central situation
from, the lakes Erie, Huron, and Ontario.
Long Reach is the communication from Hay bay
to East bay, in the bay of Quinte,
Long Beach, on lake Ontario, the westernmost
point of which is the boundary between the coun
ties of Durham and York, and between the town
ships of Darlington and Whitby.
Lower Landing, or East Landing, on the river
Niagara, is opposite to Queens-town, on the Nia
gara Fort side.
Long Lakes, the, are a chain of small lakes, ex
tending westerly from the Grand Portage of lake
Superior towards Rain lake.
Long Point, on lake Erie, now called the North
Foreland, is that long beach or sandbank, stretch
ing forth into lake Erie from the township of
Walsingham, and forming the deep bay of Long
Point. It is upwards of twenty miles long. From
the head of the bay there is a carrying place across,
over a flat sand, about eight chains distance, into
lake Erie, which sometimes is sufficiently over
flowed to be used as a passage for small boats.
Long Point is the southernmost point of Isle
Toriti, running out and making a small bay, op
posite to which there is a little island.

78 SI A t
Long Sa'ut, Isle au, in the river St, Lawrence,
and in front of the township of Osnabruck, con
tains from 1000 to 1500 acres j the soil is good,
Longueil Township, or Seigniory of Point Jtl'O-
rignal, in the county of Glengary, is the second in
ascending the Ottawa river.
Loughborough Tozvnship, in the county of Fron
tenac, lies in the rear, and to the north of King
ston. Louth Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies
to the west of Grantham, and fronts lake Ontario.
Lunenburgh, since c-alled the Eastern District,
by an act of the provincial legislature, in the first
session. Lynn River, in the county of Norfolk, rises in
the township of Windham, and running from
thence southerly through the township of Wood-
house, empties itself into lake Erie, where it has
about three feet water on the bar ; it is a good har
bour for batteaux.
Lyon's Creek, in the county of Lincoln, dis
charges itself into Chippewa river, in the town
ship of Willoughby, not far above the mouth of
that river.

M.
Maidst07ie Tozvnship lies between Sandwich and
Rochester, upon lake St. Clair.
Maiden Township, in the county of Essex, is si
tuated at the mouth of Detroit river, on the east

MAR 79
side of the strait, having Colchester to the east,
and the Hurons to the north.
Ma lahide Township is between Yarmouth and
Bayham townships on the lake Erie,
Maligne, Grande Pointe, on the river St. Law
rence, is a little above Petite Pointe Maligne, and
opposite to the grand island of St Regis,
Maligne, la Petite Pointe, on the north shore of
the river St. Lawrence, not far above the lower
end of Grand Isle St, Regis,
Mamonce and Little Mamonce, at the eastern ex
tremity of lake Superior, between the coppermines
and Point aux Rabies.
Manitoualin, or Manitou islands, q. v, (in lake
Huron.) Manitou Islands are a number of islands towards
the northern shore of lake Huron, stretching from
the vicinity of Cabot's Head north-westerly across
the lake, to lake George, below the falls of St.
Mary. Marais Grande, lies in the north-east part of the
township of Clinton, on lake Ontario.
Marandier Point, on the north side of lake St.
Francis, east of Pointe aux Herbes, in the town
ship of Lancaster.
Markham Township, in the East Riding of the
county of York, fronts Yonge-street, and lies to
the northward of York and Scarborough : here
are good mills, and a thriving settlement of Ger
mans. Marlborough Township, in-the county of Gren-

8Q M in
ville, iies;;to the northward of .Qxfpr^, and is wa^-
tered by the Radeau.
: , Marsh Creek runs southerly through the town
ship pf Maiden, and empties itself into lake Erie,
having at, times, four feet and aibalf water on its
bar. , , . . ,
. Mary's, Point St. in the river , St, ^^^f^^ce, if
immediately above the Grand Remou. . .; ,
Marysburgh Township, in .the county of Prince
Edward, is situated at the eastern end of the penin
sula which form 5 the bay of Quinte, and lies open
to lake Ontario, on the south,
Mataouaschie River runs into the Ottawa river,
above the river du Rideau.
Matchedash, or Gloucester ; which see. ,,
Matilda Township, in t^e county tof Dundas, is
the sixth township in ascending, the river St. Lawj
rence. , ^ , ,
Maurepas Isle, in the northerly part of lake Su
perior, lies about half way between Elbow Island,
and the bay of Michipicoten,
Mecklenburgh, (see Midland District.)
Mersea Township, in the county of, Essex, lies
on lake Erie, west of Romney. .
Michilimiackinackis in about 45, degrees 4(8 mi
nutes and 34 secpnds of nprtl^ )_at;itiide, and is
called by the Canadians la Grc|se Isle ; it is situ
ated in the straitwhich joins the lakes Huron and
Michigan*, ,
Midland District was originally e?;ected into a
district by the .naine, ^f ^ th,e^ district pf Mecklen-

MIL 81
burgh, in the province of Quebec, by his Excel
lency Lord Dorchester's Proclamarion, of the 24th
July, 1788 ; it received its present name by an act
of the provincial legislature ; is now bounded on
the east by a line passing from near the mouth of
the river Gananoqui ; on the west of Leeds and
Crosby townships, and thence to the AUumettes on
the Grand river; on the south by the river St. Law
rence and lake Ontario ; and on the west by a line
passing from the mouth of the river Trent, at the
head of the bay of' Quints, to the Ottawa river,
which river is its northern boundary.
Middle Islandi is small, and situated east of the
Bass islands, and northerly of Ship island and Cun
ningham's island, in lake Erie.
Middlesex County, in the Lbndon District, is
bounddd on the east by the counties of Oxford and
Norfolk, on the south by the lake Ontario, on the
west by the county of Kent, and northward by the
riyer Thames,
Middle Sister, a small islandj at the west end of
lake Erie, s^ituated between the East Sister and
Wiest Sister,
Middle-tow^, or Middleton Township, in the
county of Norfolk north of'Warlsingham..
Miliquedn Creek, runmng northerly, discharges
itself into the; southernmost part of lake Simcoe,
and is now called Holland's river,
Milles /j/e*,7e*, or Thousand Isles, in the river
St. Lawrence, are a group of small islands lying
opposite the townships of Leeds and Lansdown. ,
M

82 M O H
Mille Roches, Isle au, contains from six to seven
hundred acres, the soil is good ; it lies partly above
and partly parallel to Isle Chenal Ecarte, in the
river St. Lazvrence.
Minatte, Isle de, on the north coast of lake Su
perior, is situated near to, and easterly of, the
Grande Portage, extending to Thunder bay.
Missassaga Island, lies opposite the mouth of
the river Trent, and about the same distance from
the portage at the head of the bay ot Quinte.
Missassaga Point, in the township of Niagara,
lies on the west side of the entrance of the river
Niagara, and opposite to the fortress of Niagara.
Missassaga River, runs into lake -Huron, be
tween le Serpent and Thessalon river, on the north

Michipicoten Bay, in the north-east part of lake
Superior; it is somewhat sheltered southerly and
westerly from lake Superior, by point Gorgontua
and the island of Michipicoten. i
Michipicoten Isle, on the north-east part of lake
Superior, at the entrance of a bay of the same
name. Michipicoten River, running south- westerly, dis
charges itself into the head of a bay of the same
name, in the north-east part of lake Superior.
There is a portage; from the sources of this river
to another, which falls into James's Bay.
Mohaztk Bay, in Fredericksburgh, bay of
Quintfe, lies opposite to the Mohawk settlement,
and close to the mouth of the river Appann6.

MON 83
Mohawk Settlement, bay of Quint^, is west of
Richmond, and comprehended between the river
Shannon and Bowen's creek.
Mohazvk Village, on the Grand River, or Ouse,
is the principal village of the Six Nations, in the
tract purchased from the Missassaga nation for
them by his present Majesty, on account of their
loyalty and attachment during the late war, in
which they lost their possessions on the Mohawk
river. This is the residence of their principal chief,
Captain Joseph Brant. The village is beautifully
situated, has a neat church, with a steeple, a school
house, and a council house ; and not far from it is
a grist and a saw mill. These buildings have, for
the most part, been erected by government, who
now pay a miller, a schoolmaster, and a black
smith, for their services at the village ; aud the So
ciety for propagating the Gospel make an allow
ance to a clergyman of the established church for
occasional visits made to these tribes. The litur
gy of the church of England has been translated
into the Mohawk language, and printed for the
use of the Six Nations Indians.
Moira River, runs into the bay of Quints,
near the south-west angle of the township of
Thurlow, Molla Shannon River, runs into the Ottawa ri
ver, in the township of Hawkesbury,
Montague, Portage de, is on the Ottawa river,
above lake Chat.
Montague Tormship, county of Grenville, lies to

84 MUD
the northward of Wolford, and is washed by the
river Radeau.
Montreal Isle, in the east end of lake Superior,
is small, and situated between the mouths of the
rivers Montreal and Charron, and near to the shore.
Montreal, River de, empties itself into the east
end of lake Superior, a little to the northward of
the copper mines, and south of riveir Charrcn.
Moravian Village, on the river Thames, is in the
4th township from its mouth ; it is a regular built
village, of one street, with indifferent wooden huts,
and a small chapel; inhabited by Indians convert
ed to the Moravian faith, and their pastors ; near
to this village are springs of petroleum.
Morgan Point, now called Point Industry.
Morpion Isle, a small island, in the river St Law
rence, opposite to pointe a la Traverse.
Morpions, Isle aifx, in the lake St. Francis, river
St Lawrence, a small rocky island, lying nearly
ppposijte to point Mouillee, in the township of
Lancaster, ^
Mouilli Pointe, on lake St, Francis, west of
Pointe au Bodet, in the township ofLancaster,
Moulenet, Isles au, in the ri verSt. Lawrence, op
posite the township pf Osnabruckjare very small,
apd the soil tolerably good.
Mountain Township, in the county of Dundas,
lies in the rear, and to the, north wardof Matilda.
Muddy Creek, rises in the township of Pelham,
and runs into Chjppewa Creek, through to town
ship of Thorold, and the south-west part thereof.

N A v 85
Muddy Lake, is situated between lake Huron
and lake George ; it is about twenty -five or thirty
miles long, and not very wide; it has several small
islands, of which St. Joseph's seems to be the prin
cipal. Murray Township, in the county of Northum
berland, lies to the northward of the isthmus which
joins the county and peninsula of Prince Edward
to the main. It is washed by the waters of lake
Ontario, and the river Trent, as well as by those
pf the bay of Quinte. N.
Nanticoke Creek, ndw called the river Way eney,
empties itself into lake Erie, between Long Point
and the Grand River.
Narrows, the, or petite Detroit, in the river St.
Lawrence, is between Grenadier island and the
township No. 10, or Escot, now included in Yonge.
Nassau. This is now called the Home district,
by an act of the provincial legislature in their first
session of parliament.
Navy Hall, in the township of Niagara, is about
a mile from the town, on the bank of the river Nia
gara : the buildings here are considerably in
creased, and the new garison, building near it, is
called Fort George,
Navy Island, above the Great Falls in the river
Niagara, is situated just above the mouth of the
river Chippew4j and below Grand Isle,

86 NEW
Nelson Township, in the west Riding of the coun
ty of York, on the lake Ontario, near Burlington
Bay. Nen River, in the east riding of the county of
York, rises several iniles in the rear of York, and
running southerly through the township of Mark
ham, parts of Scarbprpugh, and Pickering, empties
itself into lake Ontario, east of the Highlands in
Scarborough, Nepean Township, in Johnstown district, isithe
eighth township in ascending the Ottawa river,
and the first township on the west side of the river
Radeau, Newark, or Nigara Tozen, is situated on the west
side, at the entrance of Niagara river, opposite to
the fortress at Niagara, on lake Ontario.
This town was laid out in the year 1791, and
the buildings commenced upon the arrival of his
Excellency Lieut, Governor Major General Sim
coe, in 1792. It contains now about one hundred
and fifty houses, with a handsome stone church.
The goal and court-house for the home district
were erected, in this place, by an act of the provin
cial legislature in their first sessions. The courts
of general quarter-sessions of the peace are holden
here the second Tuesday in January, April, July,
and October, annually', by the same authority.
The court of king's bench sits here. The first
provincial parliament met at this place, and the
public offices of government have been held, pro
tempore, here. Navy Hall, which is situated on

NIP 87
the west bank of the river, a little above the town,
was the residence of his Excellency the Lieu
tenant Governor, during his stay at this place ; the
council house is about half way between the town
and Navy Hall, The public offices are now remo
ved to York,
Nezoark (now Niagara) Township, in the coun
ty of Lincoln, lies on the west side of Niagara ri
ver, immediately opposite to the fort,
Nezvcastle District is formed from, and is situ
ated between, the Home and Midland District, and
contains the counties of Durham and Northum
berland. Newcastle. This townplot is situated on the
Presqu'isle de Quinte, extending into lake Onta
rio, from the easterly part of the township of
Cramahe, New Riter, afterwards called La Tranche,
now the Thames, by Proclamation, l6th July, 1792.
Nias,ara, is in about 43 degrees 15 minutes and
47 sieconds of north latitude, and 78 degrees 25
minutes' of west longitude.
East Niagara, or the fort, is immediately
opposite to the town of Newark, or West Nia
gara, See Newark.
Niagara, Little, or fort Schlasser, above the
Great Falls, on the east side of Niagara river, op
posite to the mouth of the river Welland,
Nicholas Island, formerly called Isle de Quint6,
q. V.
NipegonLakeylies to the northward of lake Su-

58 BT O H
perior, about half way betweenitiand Albany ri
ver, James's bay. ;.: . £  ^ \ r-'.
Norf&lk Cdunty is bounded on the north by the
county of Oxford, on the east by the county of
Haldimand, on the south by lake Erie, and on the
west by the county of Middlesex. It sends, in
conjunction with the fourth riding of the cotmty
of Lincoln, one representative to the provincial
parliament. < ,:-,•....,, , , ,,j -^ ,i v r,y-i
Norman, Marais, in the township of Newark,
empties its waters into Jake Ontario, about the
centre pf the township, west of Niagara fort, call
ed the Foui- iniie Pond. ' ' ^ '
North Chdrtnel;in the bay of Quinte, leads from
John's Island, southerly, between the townshipis
of Sophiasburgh, Fredericksburgh, and Adolphus-
^towri,- ¦*'¦¦*"¦ " ¦ ''^'- ¦ ¦-'
" North Channel, between isle Tonti, in lake On-
tarlo, arid the riiain land.
Norihumberiand County is bounded on the east
by the county of Hastings, and the cany ing place
of the Presqu isle de QuintiS ; on the sbuth^by lake
Ontario, until it iheets the westernmo'st point of
Little bay 3 thence by a line running nortfe' 16
degrees west, until it meets the southern bounda
ry of a tract of land belorigirib; tp' the Missassasra
Indians, and therice along that traCt, parallel to
lake Ontario, uii'til itmeets the north- AvesternmbSt
houndary of the county of Hastings. The county
_of Northumberland comprehends all the islands
riear'tb itrin lake Ontario and thebay of Quints,
and the greater part of it fronts lake Ontario.

o R.w 89
The boundaries of this county were established
by Proclamation, the 16th July, 1792i It sends,
in conjunction With the counties of Hastings and
Lenox, excepting Adolphus town, one representa
tive to the provincial parliament ,
Norwich, now called the township of Whitby,
on the north shore of lake Ontario j which, see.
Norwich Township, in the county of Oxford,
lies to the east of, and adjoining to, Dereham*
¦ \ "", ' •¦O-
Oak Point, in front of the towiji^hip of Ernest
town, between the King's mills apd Tonagayon
Ontario Ffift. See Oswego.
Orford, the Township of, in the cPtinty pf'Kent,
distinguished spmetimes by Orfprd North and
South, is the residence pf thp Moravians ; it is
bounded on the south by lakp Erie, and watered
by the .Thames tp ]the nortliward.
Orphan Island, in lake Ontario^ lies oflf ;the east
shorfj pf Mary^urgli, and near to jt, in Traverse
^^yr -.-l' ' ,,,,,¦.,,.,.
Orxf}iell River, (formerly riye^ a la Barbue,) rises
in a long m^rsh , toAyards the river Thames, and,
running southerly, discharges it^lifinto lake Erie,
bet|iye<?^ L^iidguard and the Npjrth Foreland, lea
ving about two ,apd a half feet water on its bar.
There is water enough for a loaded boat to go thjcee
n^ilejsi np tijis river. The^lfud oj> each si4e in

$0 O tJ B
many places, consists of large rich flats, adjoining
the river, which appear at times to have been over
flowed; and on the adjacent highlands is a deep
hlack soil.
Osgoode Townshipi- in the county of Dundas, is
the second township on the east side of the Ra
deau, in ascending that river.
Osnabruck Township, in the county of Stormont,
is the fourth township in ascending the river St
Lawrence, Osweigatchie, New,, on the north side of the ri
ver St, Lawrence, is in the township of Augusta.
Oswego, is in about 43 degrees 20 minutes of
north latitude, and 75 degrees 43 minutes of west
longitude. It has barracks for troops ; the works
totally decayed, and is situated in the south
eastern angle of lake Ontario, where the river
Oswego falls into that lake.
Oswego Creek, Great, in the county of Lincoln »
runs into the river Welland, above the little Os
wego creek, near the north- west part of the town
ship of Wainfleet, ;. '
Oswego Creek,' Little, in the county of Lincoln,
runs into the river Welland, below the Great Os-
Wego creek, near the north-west part of the towri-
ship of Wainfleet.
Ottawa, or Grand river, -q. v.
Otter's Head, a remarkable high roc^, on the:
nPrth shore of lake Superior, west of the river
Rouge. .
' Oubeiaoutegongs Point, in Sophiasburgh, bay of

o X f 91
Quints, is opposite to the peninsula in Thur
low. Ouentaronk Lake, sometimes called Sinion, or
Sh in iong, afterwards aux Claies, now lake Simcoe.
Ow^e (formerly the Grand river,) rises in the
country belonging to the Chippewa and Missas
saga Indians, and running southerly through the
west riding of the county of York, crosses the
Dundas-street, and, jiassing through the county
of Haldimand, disembogues itself into lake Erie,
about halfway between the North Foreland and
fort Erie. The bar, at the mouth of this river, has
from seven to nine feet Avater ; it is about a cable
and a halTs length from the mouth of the river to
the middle of the bar. It is navigable many miles
up for small vessels, and a considerable distance
for boats. - About 40 miles Up this river is the
Mohawk village. The Senecas, Onondagos, Cayau-
gas; Augagas, Delawares, and Missassagas, have
also villages in different parts of this river ; exclu
sive ofwhich, there is a numerous straggling set
tlement of Indians, from the vicinity of the Mo
hawk village, to within a few miles of the moutl>
of the river,
Oxford County, in the London District, lies
between the counties of Middlesex on the west,
Norfolk on the south, Haldimand and the West
Riding of York on the east, and is bounded by
the river Thames on the north-west,
Oxford Township, on the Rideau, in the county
of Grenville, lies in the rear, and to the north-

iJ3-ff- PEC
ward of the townships of Edwardsburgh and A4.
gusta, and is watered by the Rideau-
Oxford, the Township of, upon Thames, in the
western district, lies to the southward of Dundas-
street, where the western end of that road meets
the Upper Forks of the river la Tranche, or
Thames. P.
Pais Plat is a point of land on the north shore
of lake Superior, within isle Grange, and east of
riyer Grange.
Paps, the, two remarkable hills on the top of a
high mountain, on the north shore of lake Supe
rior, a little east of Shanguanoe.
Paresseux, Portage des, on rthe south-westerly
branch of the Ottawa river, above les Epingles.
Paterson's Creek, now called the river Lynn.
Patie Island, on the north coast of lake Supe
rior, near to the west cape of Thunder bay, arid
between isle Meniatte and the mahi.
Peach Island is situated in lake St, Clair, about
seven mileshigherup than Detroit, nearly opposite
to where the Grand Marais communicates with that
lake } it contains from 60 to 100 acres of land, fit
for, tillage,- tlie other parts being meadow and
inarsh, are fit for pasture ; there is little wood on
this island; it is not improved.
Peches, Riviere aux, runs into lake St. Clair to
the eastward, pf Peach island, and westerly of river
ux Puces.

PIC 93
Peli Point, (or Point au Pie,) now called the
South Foreland^ extending into kke Erie, between
Landguard and the mouth of Detroit river, is
noted for its being a good place to winter cattle
at, on account of the rushes which abound there.
-Pelham Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies
to the south of Louth, and is watered by the Chip
pewa, or Welland.
Pemetescoutiang, called Smith's Creek, on lake
Ontario; in Hope,
Perch Cove, in Adolphus town, bay of Quints,
lies south of Bass Cove,
Perches and Cave, Rapids de, an the south-west
erly branch of the Ottawa river, immediately
above le Portage des Paresseux,
Percy Township, in the county of Northumber-
landy lies to the rear and north of Cramahe,
Pere, Point au, on the north shore of lake Su
perior, east df Pointe aux Tourtes, and oppositerto
isle de Minatte. ¦
Peter's Bay, St. on lake Ontario, in Marys
burgh, lies a little to the eastward and southward
of Lititile Sandy bay.
JI^Mngtow Island, in lake Simcoe, parallel to
Darling Island. • ¦
Petite Isla aux dindes", called Turkey island.
. Philipeaux Isle, in the south-west of lake Supe
rior, lies to the southward of Isle Royal, and be
tween it and Kiaoan point, on the south shore.
Pic, Riviere aii, empties itself into lake Supe
rior on the north side, west of Beaver creek ; on

9A p L u
this river dwell many Indians, called by other
nations, " the men of the land." '
Pickering Township, in the East Riding of the
county of York, is situated between Whitby and
Scarborough, and fronts lake Ontario.'. The ri
ver Nen runs into lake Ontario through this' town-
sjiip, ,¦.,,, . , , , •
Pigeon Bay, on the north shore of lake Ontario>
lies between the highlands of Scarborough and ri
ver Shannon. -''
Pin, Portage duj on the south-west branch of
the Ottawa river, between Portage de la Tortue
and Portage des Talons. '^
Pins, Pointe aux, now called Landguard, (by
order of ; his Excellency the Lieutenant Gover
nor, 2Sd October, 1795») lake Erie.
Pins, Pointe aux, or fort Gloucester, lake Su
perior- Pins, Pointe aux^ on the river St. Lawrence, is
in front of the tovwiship of Matilda, below point
Iroquois. ..'-uj--^'
Pittsburgh Township, in the county of Fronted
nac, is the thirteenth township in asceiiding the
river St, Lawrence. , ¦
Plantagenet Township lies in the county of"
Prescot; it is the fourth towriship in ascending
the Ottawa river.
Pleasant Point, the eastei'nmost extremity of
the township of Marysburgh, at the* entrance of
the bay of Quints. ^
Pluie, Lac la^^lios between Sturgeon lake and

PRE S5
lake Dubois, and to the eastward of the latter.
See Rain lake,
. Pluie, Riviere la, runs from Lac la Pluie west
ward, into Lac Dubois.
Portage, le Grand, on lake Superior, leads from
the north-west of that lake, to a chain of smaller
lakes, on the communication to the north-western
trading ports.
Portage de plein Champ, on the south-westerly
branch of the Ottawa river, above the main forks,
Portland Township, in the county of Frontenac,
lies west of Loughborough, and north of Kingston.
Pottohawk Point, in the bay of Long Point, lies
opposite to Turkey Point.
Presentation Fort, or Oswegatchie, on the south
side of the river St. Lawrence, above point Gallo.
Prescott County,- in the Eastern District, is
bounded by Monsieur Longueil's seigniory on the
east, by the counties of Glengary and Stormont
on the south, by the county of Russell on the west,
and on the north by the river Ottawa, or Grand
river. ¦
. Presque Isle, Mqjor, of the St, Lawrence, i&
in front of the township of Matilda above point
Iroquois. Presque Isle, in the river St. Lawrence,; is in
Edwardsburgh, nearly opposite to Hospital island,
an^- above Point au Gal lope- ,
Presque Islede Quinte. See Newcastle,
Presse Matouan, at the Forks of the. Ottawa ri
ver, the; northerly branch Jsading from the lake

06 a w E
Tofniscanningi the ^ouih- we^t bmriJ?h; from t^e
; Portage to lajtC; Nipissing ;, this is some|;iir)]es called
. t|H? Upper or J^ip. Fork, ;,-} .^g .>
Priests Island, in the river St. Lawrenpsi^aboye
-.{Point -Gs^Q. ,^,1..,,- ^•-, : ^- ,,f- .,/ ,, ij :. ,,,
„Ppnce Edmrd-Bay,, on Jti?pr easJt sili,Qre of Ma
rysburgh, is made by Cape Ve^ey to the north,
and Pointe Trayerse to the southj in lak^> Ontario,
- Prmc£ Edward County is bounded on the south
by lake <>ntarip; on jthe.west by the Carrying
Place, on the isthmus ©f the Presque islje , de
Quints ; on the north by the bay of Quiate ; and
on the east from Point Pleasant to Point Traverse,
by its several shores and bays,, including the late
.townships of Ameliasburgh, Spphiasburgh, f nd
Marysburgh. Tfee. county ^fPrincfi Edward cpuJ-
prehends all the iilandS; in lal^e fOiMtarip, and t^
bay of Quinti6 near to it -.^ .. ¦<,*.
The boundaries of this county were establi^ed
,by ProdaTuation, the 1 Q tih of July, \ 792. It sends,
in ^conjunction with:A<lolphus,tpw», in the coun
ty of Lenox, one representative to the provincianl
,parliamen>t '
Prince fVilUam's Island, on lake Huron (fprnner-
ly called isle Traverse,) in Gloucester bay,
PucesT.^mer§ aux, runs into. lalj,e St Qlair, to
.ttie e3Sit««;ardl9f Peqhes r^vex.
¦=.„: V-.:; v"--^ ^ ^ ' '"' "- '
Queenstown, is situated uppn the Niagara river,
•about seven HiMes :aboye 'Newark'; it ^ is at 4;he

R A I 97
head of the navigatiPn for ships, and the portage,
occasioned by the fells of Niagara, commences
here. , There are huts enough here to receive a
regiment Quints, Isle de, in lake Ontario, lies close off
the shore of Ameliasburgh, and opposite the west
point that makes Sandy bay.
Quent 6 Lake was an ancient name for the Rice
lake ; it is the neareist lake to the head of thebay
of Quints, which I'eceives its waters by the river
Trent

R.
Rabies, Isles aux, several small islands at the
entrance of* lake Superior, and at the east end
thereof, east of White Fish island, and pretty close
tp the main land.
Rabies, Pointe aux, in the lake Superior,- oppo
site to isles aux Rabies, the first point to the north
ward after you enter the lake from- the Falls of
St. Mary. ''¦' " " -¦-¦¦-¦--:.,- -¦¦'- ¦ ¦-
Raby Head, on the xiorth shore of lake Ontario;
in the township of DarlingtOTr. '
Rain Lake lies to the westward of the chain of
long lakes; in the vicinity of the grand -portage
of lake Superior, The waters of thislake are sup
plied from sources near to the westernmost part
of lake Superior; but are carried by a circuitous
route into Hudson's bay. : / ':; - - ^, ,. -:-
RainhamJCowmh^in the^county of Nurfolk, is
0

OM REM
the first tsBwnship front img on lake. Erie-, west of
the Grand river lands.
. Raisin Isles, in lake St. Francis, He between the
mouth of the river aux Raisins, and the point of
that name; they are small and rocky.
. Raisin, Pmnte, in lake St. Francis, lies to the
east of pointe au Lac.^
Raisim, Rimers eiux, runs through the town^
ships of Osnabruck and Cornwall; the Indian laind,
opposite to St. Regis!, and the township: of Char
lottenburgh, emptying itself into lake St. Fran
cis, near the south-east angle of the latter town
ship. Raleigh Township, in the county of Kent, lies
west of Harwich; theThames bounding' it to the
north, ancf lake Erie to> the southward.
Rapid Plat, Islban, i^ the river St. Lawrence,
in front of the township of Matildk; ¦contains about
200 acres. The soil is good, and lies partly in
front of the township of WiUiamsburgh also.^
'^ B^wdoh Township, in the county of Hasrings,
lies in the rear and north of Sidney.
Med River, on the north-east shore' of lake Su
perior, runs into that lake, a little more to the
noithwatd'than isle Beaueharnois.
Regis, St. is nearly on the 45th parallel of north
latitude, and a considerable village'bf Indians con
verted to the Roman Catholic faith,' situated on
the south ishore of the river St Lawrence, above
lake St. Francis. , i i
'• ¦R'ememT Gran^ third township, river St, .Law-

a o c §9
rence, lies between the isle de trois Chenaux 6cai-
t6s, and the main land, about 44 degrees 50 mi
nutes north latitude.
Retreat, Pointe, in Marysburgh, is near the
head of Traverse bay, behind the north end of the
westernmost island, above Orphan Island,
Rice Lake, in the Newcastle district, from
whence there is a portage of 1 1 miles to lake On
tario; it discharges itself, by the river Trent, in
to the head of the bay of Quinte.
Richmond Township, In the counties of Lenox
and Addington, lies north of Fredericksburgh, in
the bay of Quinte, and is watered in front by the
river Appann<6e,
Rideau River is in the eastern district, and run
ning somewhat parallel to the river Petite Nation,
empties itself into the Grand or Ottawa river,
about three miles higher up. The land on each
side of this river is very good for settlements. ^
Reddo, Petite Riviete, runs into the Ottawa ri
ver, in the township of Hawkesbury, above the
river Mullashanon-
Roche, Gspitaine, Portage, is on the Ottawa
river, above riviere du Moine.
Kochers, Pointe aux, in Monsieur de Longtleil's
Seignioly, on the south side of the Ottawa river,
lies between Pointe k la Runial, and river au At-
-^ tlca, »"•!'•'¦
Rochester Township lies on lake St. Clair, be
tween Tilbury and Maidstone.

mo

R U S

Rock Point, on the north shore of lake Ontario,
is' to the eastward of pointe aux Chevaiix.
Rocky Island, in the river Detroit^ lies on the
east side of Grosse Isle, and close to it ; this
island is a rock, the stohe of which is valuable for
building and for lime. The rock is in Stra^ta,
lying pretty regular. There is no Wood on this
island. Ropky Point, in Muddy lake ; the great point
north of Carribou inland on the main.
Romney Township, in the county of Kent, lies
^outh of Tilbury, on lake Erie, near the South
foreland. Rose, Portage ^ l(i, on the south-westerly branch
of the Ottawa river, above the upper Main Fork,
and higher than portage de pleiu Champ.
Rquge River, on t^Je north shore of lake Supe-?
rior, discharge^ itself into that lake, west of Ppinte
au Calumet.
Roxf)ufgh Township, in the county pf Stormont,
lies in t]ie rear of Cornwall. , , ,
Royal Isle, in the sputh-west of lake Superior,
lies to the nbfth pf isle Philippeaux, northreast of.
West bay, and south of the Grand portage ; it i^
about 100 miles long, and 4p brpa<}.
Runnial, Poinfe h la, on the soyth si.de of the
Gttawa river, lies between Mon?. de Lpngueii's
Seigniory, and the second township, now add^d ¦
to Hawkesbury,
Ruscom River runs into lake St Clair, between
pointe ajJxRoches and Belle river: a loaded boat

SAL. 101
may go six miles up this river; the land is ex
ceeding good on its banks; there is a settlement
of Indians a few miles up it.
;, Russell County, in the easterndlstrict, lies to the
north of the counties of Dundas and Stormont,
and west of Prescott.
Russell Township, in the county of Russell, ¦ lies'
to the southward of Cumberland. S.
Sables Dares, Poi^tage aux, on the Ottawa river,
a little above Grand Calumet and portage du Mon
tague. Sables, Riviere aux, runs into the south of lakg
Huron, south of the highlands arid easterly to
where the waters of that lake descend into riyer
St Clair., " " ' '' """ " ""' -'
Saganaskokam River ; see Moira river.
Saggathewigezvam, now called the river Trent.
Salmon Creek rises near the salt springs of the
river Trent, and, running northerly, discharges
itself into that river among several small islands,
Salmon Creek, Great, empties Itself into the river
Trent at its first great bend to the westward, a
little below' the second Rapids, near a few small
islands. Salmon Creek, Big, .runs into lake Ontario, be
tween the townships of Cramahe and Haldemand.
Salmon Creek, Littte, runs into lake Ontario
near the centre of the township of Cramahe,
Saltfleet Township, in the county of Lincoln,
lies west of Grimsby, and fronts lake Ontario,

y

102 S A u
Sandusky Island, in lake Erie, lies a little south
east of the Bas«i islands, and nearer to Sandusky
bay. -J, <i
Sandwich Township is situated upon the upper
part of the Detroit river, and comprehends the
old French settlements. It has a thriving town
of the same name, a little below the fort of- De
troit, on the east side of the river, Avhere a gaol
and court house have been erected.
Sandy Bay, Little, on lake Ontario, between
Sophiasburgh and Marysburgh, is supplied by the
East lake,' lying also between these townships, in
the county of Prince Edward.
•^ Sandy Bay, Great ; see Sandy bay.
Sandy Bay, on lake Ontario, in the tPwnshIp
of Ameliasburgh lies Immediately east of, and
close to, the isle de Quintfe.
Sandy Point, at the easterly extremity of isle
Tonti, opposite to the mouth of Tonegayon bay.
Sandy River runs into the head of Little Sandy
bay, lak,e Ontario. .30
Sangas, or St. Dusk's creek, a small stream emp
tying itself into lake Erie, east of Sangas point;
it affords a harbour for boats, having about three
feet water on its bar.
Sangas Point, or St. Dusk's point, on the north
shore of lake Erie, east of the river Waveney ;
this is the most projecring point between the
mouth of the Ouse and the north Foreland.
Saumon River, on the north shore of lake On
tario, lies between Pigeon bay and perits Ecors.

s H A 103
. Saut, Long, third township, river St. Lawrence,
is the greatest rapid on this.river. The current
runs with great velocity ; very few accidents,
however, have happened in passiing this rift, there
being no sudden fall in it, except at the foot of
tlieSa{it . Savatte, Isle h la, a very small island in the ri
ver St, Lawrence, a little below isle de Chenal
^carte, Scarkorough Township, so noted for its high
banks, is in the east riding of the county of York,
and lies to the west of the township of Pickering,
fronting lake Ontario.
Scott Tozvnship lies on the north, of the town
ship of Uxbridge, in the east riding of the. co^ty
of York,
Serpent, le, is on the north shore of lake Hu
ron, and lies east of Missassaga river, and tothe
westward of isle la Clpche,
Severn Rvver cp.nveys the Avaters of lake Sim
coe from the northern extremity of that lake into
the head of; Gloucester bay and harbour, lake
Huron. Shanguanac, on the north shore of lake Supe
rior, east of-Biack bay,
"^ Shannon, River, empties itself into the bay of
Quinte, 10 or, 12 miles above the Mohawk settle
ment. Skawanese Township lies at the mouth of the
river ChenaiUcarte, on the east side af tlieiiver
St Clair.

104 SIN
Sheffield, in the county of Lenox and Addington,
north of Camden-east.
Ship Island \s of very small extent, and is situ
ated between the Bass islands and Cunningham's
island In lake Erie.
Short Point, on lake Erie, township of Wain
fleet, county of Lincoln ; this is the first point east
of the Six Nations Land, Grand river.
Shyon Cape, in Michipicoten bay, lake Superior,
between Gorgontua point, and the mouth of the
river Michipicoten.
Sidney Township, in thecounty of Hastings, is si
tuated at the head of the bay of Quinte, immedi
ately above Thurlow.
Simcoe Lake,* formerly lake aux Claies, Ouen-
tironk, or Sheniong,_is situated between York and
Gloucester, upon lake Huron ; it has a fevf small
islands and several good harbours.
Sinclair, or St. Clair, River, runs from north to
south, being the strait between lake Huron and
lake St Clair.
Sinion, or Sheniong Lake, now lake Simcoe;
which see.

*So named by Lieutenant-General Simcoe,- in respect to his fa
ther, the late Captain Simcoe, of the Royal Navy, who died in
the river St. Lavrrence, on the expedition to Quebec, in 1759. In
the year 1755, this able officer had furnished government with the
plan of operations against Quebec, which then took place : at the
time of his death, Captain Cook, the e«lebrated circumnavigator,
¦was master of his ?hip, the Pembroke, - ¦¦¦' ,, •'

S T 3Vi 105
. Skter, East, the, a small island in lake Erie, the
easternmost of the three islands- called the Sisters,
aud to the north pf the Bass islands.
Sister, West, a small island at the west end of
lake Erie, being the westernmost of the islands call
ed the Sisters, and westerly of the Bass islands.
Schllasser, Fort, or Little Niagara.
Smith's Creek, \\xm into lake Ontario, in the
east part of the township of Hope.
, Sophiasburgh Township, in the county of Prince
Edward, lies to the northward of Hallowell, and
in -tjie bay of Quint^.
Sorcerers Lake, or lake Nepissing, q. v.
Southwold Township, in the county of Middle-
6f?:,4,ies wept of Yarmouth, having lake Erie for
its, southern boundary.
Squire, Entrance of the, is the head of a bay,
on the north shore of Jake Superior, west of isle
^range> - -Stamford Townships in the aounty of Lincoln,
lies on the west side of Niagara river, and south
cyf |«fewarlfc. , . .-it .¦,- '- -;¦•¦-¦
St^ George's Island, one of the Bass islands, at
the west end of lake Erie.
^r'J»hn''-S'-G'^ekr runs into lake Ontario; in the*
township of Whitby, east of Duffin's creek.
"' Si^ Joseph's , Island, is situated between Muddy
laker. and lake. Huron, opposite to pointe de Tour.
St. Mary's, the Falls of, is situated between lake
Superior and lake Huron, or, more strictly speak
ing, in the narrows between lake Superior and lake
p

106 s V G
George, a little above the mouth of Beaver river :
on the south side of the Fallsy flat-bottomed vessels
of twenty or thirty tons, are frequently taken up
and down. i*'
.S"^. Regis, Grande Isle, in the river St. Law
rence, and in front of the township of Cornwall,
contains from 800 to 1000 acres ; the soil is good,
and the Indians have corn fields there.
St. Regis,, Petite Isle, in the river St. Lawrence,
and in front of the St. Regis Indians land ; the soil
is good, and the Indians have corn fields there,
the same as on Grande Isle St, Regis, which is
near to it,
Stoney Creek, a small stream running Into lake
Erie, east of Sangas creek; it is a harbour for
boats, having about two aud a half feet Water over
the bar.
Stormont County, is bounded on the east by the
lands of the St Regis Indians, on the south by the
river St Lawrence, on the west by the county of
Dundas, and on the north by the counties of Rus
sel and Prescott. The county of Stormont com
prehends all the islands in the river St, Lawrence,
near to it, and the greater part of the county lies
fronting the St, Lawrence. It sends one represen
tative to the'provincial parliament.
Sturgeon Lake, is to the west of the chain of
lakes leading from the Grand portage, and east of
lake la Pluie.
Sugar-loaf Hill, a small natural landmark, on the

T H A 107
north shore of lake Erie, between point Abino
and the Grand river, on the boundary between the
townships of Humberstone and Wainfleet
Sutherland's Creek, runs into lake St. Francis,
between pointe au Bod^t and pointe Mouillee in
the township of Lancaster. T.
Talbot's River, empties itself into lake Simcoe,
and on the east side thereof.
Talons, Portage de, on the south-west branch of
the Ottawa';river, immediately above Rapides de
Porches. Tegaogen, on the north shore of lake Ontario,
lies about half way between York and the head of
the bay of Quinte.
Thames River, formerly called La Tranche, or
Trenche, and by the Indians Esse-cunny-seepe,
rlsesin the Chippewa country, and, running south
westerly, washes the counties of (the west riding
o1^ Ybfk'i Oxford, Middlesex, and Kent, and dis
embogues itself Into lake St Clair above Detroit ;
It is a river of considerable extent, without falls.
Frorii Its upperbranches, it communicates by small
portages with lake Huron and the Grand river;
the scite of Oxford is on its Upper Fork ; and that
intended for Dorchester on Its Middle Fork ; Lon
don on the Main Fork, and Chatham on its Lower
Fork, It is a fine inland canal, and capable of be-
ino- hit^hly improved. The lands on its banks are
extremely fertile.

108 TON
Thessalon Point, in Muddy lake, is the angle
made by that lake, and a channel leading to French
river, Matcheda, &c. and lies parallel to Carribou
island. Thessalon River runs into lake Huron, a little to
the eastward of Muddy lakie, on the north shore,
Thomson's Island lies near the entrance of the
river St. Clair ; it scarcely contains 200 acres of
dry land, fit for tillage, but a, great many acres of
marsh, Thorold Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies
south of Grantham, and is watered by the river
Welland. Thunder Bay-, on the north shore of lake Supe
rior, opposite to the east end of isle de Minatte.
There is a remarkable high mountain at its eastern
most cape.
Thunder Bay, in lake Huron, lies to the east
ward of Cabot's head, and westward of Glouces'
ter bay.
Thurlow Township, in the county of Hasrings,
lies near the head of the bay of Quiritd, and east
ward of Sidney.
Tilbury Township, in the western district, is si-
tiiate4 upon lake St Clair, west of Raleigh, where
the Thames disembogues itself into that lake,
Tdbacoke, See river aux Attokas.
Tonag&yon Bay, on lake Ontario, opposite to the
east end of Amherst island, lies between Kingston
and Ernest Town.
Tonianta Creek, runs into the river St. Lawrence,
in the township of Yonge.

TOW 109
Ttntl Isle, now called Amherst island, by pro
clamation, the 16th July, 1792.
Tonti, Petite Isle, opposite the mouth of Tona
gayon bay, and off Sandy Point, the easterly ex
tremity of Amherst island.
Tonti, River, runs into lake Erie, west of Land-
guard, Toronto Tozvnship is in the West riding of the
county of York, between the townships of York
and Trafalgar, on the lake Ontario,
Toronto Bay, now called York harbour,
Toronto Lake, (or Toronto,) lake le Clie, was
formerly so called by some ; others called the
chain of Lakes, from the vicinity of Matchedash
towards the head of the bay of Quintal the To
ronto lakes, and the communication from one to
the other was called the Tpronto river.
Toronto River, called by some St. John's river,
now called the Humber.
Tortue, Portage de la, at the head of the south
west branch of the Ottawa river, near to the small
lake which joins the portage to lake Nepissing,
Tourtes, Baye aux, on the north shore of lake Su
perior, the first bay east of the grand portage.
Tourtes, Isle aux, in lake Ontario, lies off the
south-west point of Wolfe Island,
Tourtes, Point aux, on the north shore of lake
Superior, is the east point of a bay of the same
name. Tower Point, the easterly point that makes Duck
cove, in Ma ysburgh, and west of toint Traverse,
in lake Ontario.

110 T no
Townsend, the Township of in the county of Nor
folk, lies in the rear, and to the north of Wood-
house. Trafalgar Township is in the West riding of the
county of York, on the lake' Ontario ; and lies be
tween the townships of Toronto and Nelson.
Traverse Bay, on lake Ontario, is made by Cape
Traverse and Point Traverse, both in Marysburgh,
Traverse Cape, in Marysburgh, on lake Ontario,
is the main point to the northward of Orphan
island, and south of Point Pleasant,
Traverse Isle, now called Prince William's
island, lake Huron.
Traverse Pointe, is the south-east point of Marys
burgh, in lake Ontario, near to the Duck islands ;
this point forms nearly a peninsula.
Traverse, Pointe a la, on the north shore of the
river St Lawrence, parallel with isle Morpion, and
about three miles above Pointe du Lac, St Francis,
Traverse, Riviere a la, runs into the St, Law
rence a little above Pointe au Ch^ne, ainPngst the
St. Regis islands, '
Trent River, runs out of the Rice lake, and dis
charges itself into the head of the bay of Quint6.
SbUie miles up this river there are salt-springs ;
three gallons of the water making one gallon of
salt; the natives make suflicient for their use,
Trois Chenaux Ecartes,- Isle de, in the river St.
Lawrence,: opposite the township of Osnabruck,
contains from 6 to 700 acres ; the soil good, .
Trous Leveillier, on the Ottawa river, between

U Rf HI
the Petit Detroit, and the portage Roche Capi -
talne, Turkey Island, sometimes called Petite Isle aux
Indes, is situated in the river Detroit, between the
lower end of Fighting island, and the marsh of
the river Canards ; it lies in front of the north-west
angle of the Huron reserve.
Turkey Point, in the township of Charlotteville,
situated in the bay of Long Point, lake Erie, af
fords a harbour, with a channel to it, of sufficient
depth of water for any vessel; above the point is
the town-plot and scite for the barracks.
Turtle Island. A small isle at the entrance of
the Miami. bay;
Two Rivers, the, run into lake Ontario, near the
centre of the township of Darlington. idi
«(,¦',,¦ •" ' ¦¦
¦¦"" V.
Vaughan Township, in the east , riding of the
County pf York, lies on the, west side of Yonge-
street, in the rear of, and to the northward^of the
townsliip of .York. r
Vesey Cape, in the^ township^ of Marysburgh,
on lake Ontario, is the northern point which
makes Princes Edward's bay.
Urfe River, afterwards called Grand River, now
the Ouse, ', lake Erie,

112 WAV

Uxbridge, in the east riding of the county of
York, is to the north and in the rear of Pickering,

W.

Wabuscommong, is one of the lakes on the copi-
municatiou between lake Slnicoe and, the Rice
lake. Wainfleet Township, In the county of Lincoln,
lies west of Humberstone, and fronts lake Erie,
being watered by the Welland or Chippewa to the
north. Wqlpole Township, in the county of Norfolk, lies
west of Rainham, and fronts lake Erie.
Walsingham Township, lies west of Charlotte
ville, in the county of Norfolk, having the bay
and marsh of Long Point in its front,
" Wapose Island, iniake Ontario, lies pff the north
erly point that, makes Prince Edward's bay, on
the easterly shore of. Marysburgh.
Washquarter, or Weighqueta, afterwards called
lake Geneva, and now Burlingtpn bay, by pro
clamation, 16th July, 1792, is a very beautiful
?malllake, lying within the head of lake Qntarip,
from which itis divided by a long beach ; over the
outlet has been erected a good bridge ; and on the
!?outhern part of the beach, near the portage, is a
good inn, erected j)y his Excellency Major-Gene-
raLSimcoe. , .,., ,-.,r .;,,, .-,.,.,,„ , , ,,,
Waveney River, in the county of NprfplJs, ris^es
in the township of Townsend, and running thence

WHI 113
southerly, through the townships of Woodhouse
and Walpole, discharges itself into lake Erie, where
It has about three feet water over the bar, and is
a good harbour for batteaux.
Weniiagonk, runs into lake Ontario, in the west
part of the township of Clarke,
West Bay, Great, comprehends all that part
of the bay of Quint^, from John's island, upwards,
to the head of the bay.
West Bay lies in the south-west extremity of
lake Superior, within the isles Royale and Philip
peaux, West Ifdke lies between Sandy bay and Little
Sandy bay, on lake Ontario, east of the isle de
Quinte, and is in the township of Sophiasburgh.
Western District, the, was originally constitu-
.ted and erected into adistrict by the name of the
district of Hesse, in the province of Quebec, by
his Excellency Lord Dorchester's proclamation, of
the 24th July, 1788. It received its present name
by an act of the provincial legislature ; and by its
present limits is bounded southerly by lake Erie ;
easterly by the London District, on the west by
the Detroit, lake St' Clair, and river St, Clair, and
Qn the north by the lake Huron.
Westminster Township is situated upon the riyer
Thames, adjoining to London.
'Whitby Township, iii the east ridihg of the coun
ty of York, lies west of Darlington, and fronts
lake Ontario. ^^^ -^.. ,

114 WYE
Whitchurch Township in the east riding of the
county of York, fronts to Yonge-street, and Ijes
to the northward of Markham.
Whitefish Island, at the east end of lake Supe
rior, a little west of the isles aux Rabies, and
near to which the lake forces its passage by the
falls of St Mary.
Whitefish Point, at the east end of 'lake Superior,
on the south shore, near to the river St, Mary, '
WiUiamsburgh Township, in the county of Dun
das, is the fifth township in ascending the river
St Lawrence,
Willoughby Township, in the county of Lincoln,
lies between Bertie and the' river Welland, on the
west side of Niagara river.
. Winchester Tozvnship^ in the county of Dundas,
lies in the rear, and to die northward of WiUiams
burgh, '¦ >j:>lF» ':' ¦
Windham Township, in the county of Norfolk,
lies in the rear, and north of Charlotteville.
Wolfe Island, lie§ opposite to Kingston arid
Pittsburgh, in the narrow part, where lake Ontario
forces into the St Lawrence. ¦ T-
Wolford Tozvnship, lies in thfe county of Gren
ville, in the rear and to the north of thd town
ships of Elizabeth Town and Augusta,' and is wash
ed by the river Radeau.
Woodkmse Township, in the county of Norfolk,
lies west of Walpole, and fronts lake Erie.
Woods, Lake of the. See Lac du Bois. trr*

TON 1 15
fVye.Biver, runs from a small lake, near the
north-west end of lake Simcoe into Gloucester bay,
lake Huron. Y.
. Yarmouth Township, in the county of Middle
sex, lies to the west of Malahide, and fronts lake
Erie. Yonge-street is the direct communication from
York to lake Simcoe, opened during the admlnis-
trarion of his Excellency Major-General Lieute-
nant-GovernorSimcoe, who having visited lake Hu
ron by lake aux Claies, (formerly also called Ouen
taronk, or Sinion, and now named lake Simcoe,)
and discovered the harbour of Penetengushene O'
(now Gloucester) to be fit for shipping, resolved
on improving the comniunifcation from lake On
tario to lake Huron, by this short route, thereby
avoiding the circuitous passage of lake Erie, This
street has been opened in a direct line, and the
road made by the troops of his Excellency's corps.
Tt is thirty riiiles from York to Holland's river, at
the Pine Fort called Gwillimbury, where the road
ends ; from thence you descend into lake Simcoe,
^d having passed it, there are two passages into
lake Huron; the one by the river Severn, which
conveys the waters of lake Simcoe into Glouces
ter bay ; the other by a small portage, a continua
tion of Yonge-street, to a small lake, which also
runs into Gloucester bay r this communication af
fords many advantages; merchandize from Mon
treal to Michilimackinac may be sent this way at

116 V o It
ten or fifteen pounds less expence per ton,' than
by the route of the Grand or Ottawa river ; and
the merchandize from New York, to be sent iip
the North and Mohawk rivers from the north
west. trade, finding its way into lake Ontario at
Oswego (Fort Ontario,) the advantage will ceiv
tainly be felt of transporting goods from Oswego
to York, and from thence aeross Yonge-street, and
down the waters of lake Simcoe into lake Huron,
in preference to sending it by lake Erie.
Yo7ige Township, in the county of Leeds, is the
tenth, township in ascending the river St. Law
rence. ,
_^York County consists of two ridings, the east
and west The east riding is bounded on the east
by the westernmost line of the county of Dur-
hani ; on the south by lake Ontario, until it meets
the, eastern boundary of Toronto township, which,
with the Missassaga tract, gives its western limits,
and on the north -by Holland's river, lake Sim
coe, and Talbot river, until it meets' the north-
westernmost boundary of the county of Dur
ham. The west riding of the county of York
is bounded on the east by the townships of Kino-,
Vaughan, and York ; on the south by the lake On
tario, Burlington bay, and Dundas-street; on the
west by the London district; and on the north by,
the county of Simcoe, It sends, in conjuncrion
with the county of Durham, and the first riding
of the county of Lincoln, one representative to the
provincial. parliament,- .-i ^ ,: -¦-l •

YOB 1-17
York js In about 4,3 degrees and 35 minuted of
north latitude, and is the present seat of govern?
mentpf Upper Canada, . It is most beautifully sir
tuated within au excellent harbour of the same
name, made by a long peninsula, which confines
a baspniof ,"\v^ter, sufficiently large to contain a
cpnsiderable fleet ; on the extremity of the penin
sula, which is, .called Gibraltar Point, are comnio-
dlpus stores and block-houses, which command
the entrance to the harbour: on the main land,
opposite to the point, is the garrison, situated in a
fork made by the harbour and a small rivulet ;
the barracks being built on a knoll, are well situ.
ated for health, and command a delightful prospect
of, the lake to the west, and of the harbour tothe
east. The government; house is about two miles
from the east end of the town, at the entrance
of the harbour, and the town is increasing rapid
ly :. tlie river Don empties itself: into the harbour
a little above the town, running through a marshy-
which wlien drained will afford most beautiful and
frpitful meadows, This has already been com-!
menced in a small degree, which will no doubt en
courage farther attempts. The long beach or pe
ninsula, which affords a most delightful ride, is
considered so healthy by the Indians, that they re
sort tp it whenever indisposed; and the bridge over
the Don being finished, is generally resorted to, not
only for pleasure, but as the most convenient road
to the heights of Scarborough, The ground, which
ha.s been prepared for the government-house.

118 Y b R
is situated between the town and the river Don.
Vessels of all sizes may be coU'^'eniently built here,
and a kind of terrace or second bank, in front of
the town, affords an excellent situation for a rope
walk. The remains of the old French fort Toronto
stands a little to the westward of the present gar
rison, and the river Humber discharges itself into
lake Ontario, about two miles and a half west of
that ; on this river and the Don are excellent mills,
iand all the waters abound in fish. In winter the
harbour is frozen, and affbrds excellent ice for the
amusement of northern countries, driving in trai-
neaus. The climate of York is temperate, and well
sheltered from the northerly winds by the high
lands in the rear. The Yonge-street leads from
hence to lake Simcoe, and., the Dundas-street
jcrosses the rear of the town.
York Township is in the east riding of the coun
ty of York, and lies to the west of Scarborough;
having the river Humber for its western limit; its
front is principally occupied by a long sandy
beach, which forms the harbour. The rest of the
township in front is open to lake Ontario.

119

Skefcfi of the I^ength and Circumference of the
.f&llozf}ing Lakes in Upper Canada, by Estima
tion,

Lakes.

Greatest
length ID miles

Circumfarence. following the
shores

Erie . . , . '

200

610

George

^5

58

Huron . , ,

250

1100

(Michigan . ,

S60

945

Ontario . , , .

160

450

St. Clair

30

100

Superior . . . .

410 ,,

'1 1525

120

J'ahle of Latitudes and Longitudes, from the
,,.\, information hitherto received.

Places.

North Latitude.

West Longitude.

Deg.
42

Min.

Sec.

Deg.
83

Min.
33

Sec

Detroit - - -

14

0

Ditto River's Moyth

41

52

Erie Fort
42
53
17
Grand Remou -
44
50
Kingston - r
44
8
0
75
.41
Landguard
42
7
15
Long Point eariy- )
ing-place r S
41
39 °
21
Michilimackinac
45"
48
34
Michigan Lake )
south end - )
41
8
Manitou Islands
44
46
-
Niagara '
43
15
47
78
25
Oswego
43
20
0
75
43
Ontario, Lake, )
head of, - S
43
47
3
St Regis
45
York - ^
43
s,.^
^:i-:,ie
131

Sketch of the Islands in the following Lakes of
Upper Canada.

Lakes.

Islands.

Lake Erie

Lake Huron

Lake Ontario

Bass Islands
Lsle Bois Blanc
Isle Celeron
Cunningham's Island
East Sister
Grosse Island
Middle Island
Middle Sister
St. George's Island
Ship Island
Tiirtle Island
¦West Sister
fLa Cloche
Duck Islands
Flat Islands
Grosse Isle
Isle Traverse
Manitou Islands
Michilimackinac Prince William's Island
LSt. Joseph's Island
Amherst Island
Isle la Barque
Carleton Island

122

Lakes.

Islands.

Lake Ontario ,

Lake St Clair

Lake Superior . .

'Isle de Petit Cataraqui
Cedar Island
Isle Cauchois
Isle au Cochan
Isledu ChSne
Duck Islands
Duck Islands
Isle la Force, or la Foit€
Isle au Forfet
Gage Island
Grand Isle
Gull Island
Howe Island
Nicholas Island
Orphan Island
Isle de Quinte
Isle Tonti
Perite Isle Tonri
Isle aux Tourtes
Wolfe Island
Wapoose Jsland
Island Chenal Ecart^
Harsen's Island
Hay Island
Peach Island
Thompson's Island
Isle Grange
Isle de Minatte
Michipicoten

123

Lakes.

Islands.

Lake Superior .

risle Montreal
Pati6 Island
Isles aux Rabies
, White Fish Island

rrNis.

^amblin-and Seyfang, Printers, Garllck-Hill, Thames-.treet.

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