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YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

PREFACE.
On October 26, 1910, Ex-Governor Allen D. Candler passed
to his reward at the ripe age of seventy-six years. The end
came peacefully to the aged public servant at his home in
Atlanta, Ga., surrounded by the sorrowing members of his
bereaved household. The extent of his labors as Compiler of
State Records was vast. He left at his death, in manuscript,
some twenty-four volumes, in addition to thirty volumes already
compiled and published, covering the Colonial, Revolutionary
and Confederate periods.
To the memory of Govemor Candler, Georgia owes a pro
found debt of gratitude. Time will not diminish this obligation ;
for as the years go by the measure of service which he rendered
Georgia as her first Compiler of Records will grow in popular
recognition. He filled this office from 1903 to 1910 — a period
of eight years, but the area of his researches covered the better
part of two centuries.
Except for certain records in the Spanish Archives at Seville,
pertaining to the Colony of Georgia and dealing with the Spanish
Wars, little remains to be done in the Colonial period beyond
supplying an index for the first three volumes of the series. To
the Revolutionary period it is only necessary to add a Roster,
together with such additional data as may be obtained under a
Democratic administration from the War Department in Wash
ington, D. C. The Confederate Records, though still incom
plete, are well advanced.
To Miss L. T. Henderson, Governor Candler's faithful as
sistant in office, the appreciative thanks of the State are due
for her painstaking and efficient work in editing his unfinished
manuscripts. These only need to be indexed with care by one
familiar with Georgia's history, so that in each instance the
key-word may be supplied; and for the convenience of students
making historical investigations, it is also important to extend
the work by making marginal annotations. As rapidly as the
funds will permit, the manuscript volumes will be put into print.
These great periods — the Colonial, the Revolutionary, and

n CoLONiAii Records
the Confederate — Governor Candler has made, in a peculiar
sense, his own; and whatever the task of the future Compiler
in shaping Georgia's history for other periods may be, these
belong to him' and to him they will be accredited while the
archives of our State endure. With the Compiler's pen in his
hand — unwearied to the last — Governor Candler fell asleep
"His twelve long hours
Bright to the edge of darkness. Then
The calm repose of twilight and the crown
Of stars."
Succeeding Governor Candler in office, came Ex-Governor
William J. Nonthen, than whom Georgia never bore a 'more
devoted son. Stainless in every act of his life, he was a model
public servant, a man without fear and without reproach. But
ill-health, incident to advanced years, prevented this noble old
Roman from realizing the full measure of his ambition in the
office of Compiler ; and to the infirmities of age there were added
certain political embarrassments. But the manuscript of the
present volume — number twenty-two — shows that Govemor
Northen carefully scrutinized every paragraph, while his familiar
hand-writing appears throughout the manuscript in frequent
notes and captions. When too feeble to write, he supervised
with the utmost care the work of his stenographer; and the last
sentences which he ever framed for these records were dictated
with great physical pain from his death-bed. He passed away
at the age of seventy-eight years, on March 24th, 1913, just as
the opening chapters of the present volume were going to press.
Georgia will ever cherish the memory of this pure patriot and
hold in affectionate remembrance his manifold virtues.
In succeeding by executive appointment to an office filled by
these choice spirits and adorned by these splendid names, the
present Compiler enters upon his task with serious misgivings.
The standard set by his predecessors is high. But he takes up
the unfinished work of these men with the conscientiousness that
whatever he may lack of wisdom to make him worthy of such
an honor, he can at least count upon love to keep him loyal.
The office of England's poet-laureate was not more reverently
assumed by Tennyson when he became in 1851 the Court Singer

Preface in
of the Victorian Age; and if I may paraphrase the laureate's
lines, addressed to the Queen, it will be to make them read —
"Georgia — since your royal grace
To one of less desert allows
This laurel greener from the brows
Of men who uttered nothing base —
Take, Madam, this poor book of mine,
For though the faults were thick as dust
In vacant chambers, I could trust
Your kindness." LuciAN Lamar Knight.
Atlanta, Ga., July 1, 1913.

Ceremonies at the Unveiling of a Monument to Ex-
Governor Allen D. Candler in Alta Vista
Cemetery, at Gainesville, Ga., on
June 3, 1913 by Members
of his Official Household
On June 3, 1913, the grave of Ex-Governor Allen D. Candler,
in Alta Vista Cemetery, at Gainesville, Ga., was most impres
sively marked by a handsome shaft of marble, the funds for
which were contributed by the members of Governor Candler's
official household. These included the various appointees com
missioned by the lamented former chief magistrate during his
term of office as Governor. The Candler lot is in the center of
the burial ground, an area some twenty-five acres in extent,
perhaps a mile distant from the court house. It crowns one of
the loftiest hills near Gainesville, and justifies the classic name
"Alta Vista" by giving the visitor a glimpse of shadowy moun
tain ranges in the distance. Near the Governor, in the same
family square, sleeps his distinguished father, Capt. Daniel G.
Candler, a former Mayor of Gainesville ; while, in the immediate
neighborhood, repose Gen. James Longstreet, Dr. Richard Banks,
Gov. James Milton Smith and a host of noted Georgians. At the
unveiling exercises there were a number of visitors present from
various parts of Georgia, besides a multitude of Gov. Candler's
admiring fellow citizens of Gainesville, who were there with
moistened eye-lids to tell of the love in which they held the illus
trious Georgian. Overhead a blue sky beamed upon the vast
concourse of people gathered at the grave of Governor Candler,
The following brief resume is condensed from a report of the
unveiling exercises which appeared in the Gainesville Herald, of
June 5, 1913, a paper edited by Mr. Guy Clopton. Says this
account :

Program in Detail.
"The officials of the city of Gainesville, the Candler Horse
Guards, the Daughters of the Confederacy, the old soldiers of
the county, and hosts of friends assembled on the public square

Intboduction y
at 9 rSO o'clock and then the Candler Horse Guards, mounted,
followed by a train of automobiles left for the Southern depot
to meet the distinguished guests who came up from Atlanta and
other points to take part in and to witness the ceremonies.
"In the same order the guests were brought to the public
square and a line was at once formed for the march to Alta
Vista, where the unveiling took place.
"When the hour arrived for the unveiling to take place. Col.
S. C. Dunlap introduced Hon. J. W. Lindsey, marshal of the day,
who after a short speech called on Presiding Elder Rev. Luke G.
Johnson to ask God's blessing upon what was about to take
place. Mr. Johnson offered a touching and beautiful prayer
befitting the occasion. Mr. Lindsey then introduced Judge
Hamilton McWhorter, of Athens, who presented the monu
ment to the family, the city and the State. Judge John S.
Candler was then introduced and accepted it in behalf of the
family. Mayor P. E. B. Robertson was then introduced and
accepted it in behalf of the city. Hon. Lucian L. Knight, rep
resenting the Governor of Georgia, who was necessarily absent,
was then presented to the audience, and accepted it in behalf of
the State.
"Upon leaving the cemetery the guests were carried to the
Princeton hotel where they took lunch as guests of the City of
Gainesville. After lunch the visitors were treated to an auto
mobile trip through the principal streets of the city, and to
Brenau College and Riverside Military Academy, ending at the
Southern depot. They left for their respective homes on an
afternoon train.

Inscription on thb Monument.
The inscription on the monument follows:
"Placed to the memory of Allen Daniel Candler by his ap
pointees to office and places of honor while Governor of Georgia."
Nov. 4, 1834.
Oct. 26, 1910.
A Graduate of Mercer University in the Class of 1859.
A Soldier and Colonel in Army Confederate States, 1861-1865.
A Member of the House of Representatives of Georgia, 1873-1878.,

VI CoLONIAIi EeCOBDS
Senator, 1878-1880.
Member of the Congress of the United States, 1883-1891.
Secretary of State, 1894-1898.
Governor of Georgia, 1898-1902.
Compiler of State Records, 1902-1910.
"He was an upright man, a patriotic citizen, a true soldier,
and a faithful public servant, who in peace and in war, exempli
fied the virtues of incorruptible integrity, fearless courage, and
unselfish devotion to the welfare of his country."

Judge Hamilton McWhorter's Address of Presentation.
In presenting the monument to the family, the city of Gaines
ville and the State of Georgia, Judge McWhorter made the fol
lowing address:
"Ladies and Gentlemen :
"This is a notable occasion. For the first time in the history
of the State an official family assembles to pay this tribute to
their official chief — who dedicated his life and his talents to his
State and his country.
"This tribute was not evoked merely because we were mem
bers of his official family, but because we were thereby introduced
into that more intimate and confidential relationship from which
we could better understand and appreciate the genuineness of his
nature, the sincerity of his heart, the soundness of his principles,
and those other virtues of head and heart which evoke admira
tion, esteem, confidence and love.
"This memorial is a tribute by those who knew him best, and,
therefore, by those who loved him most.
"It is the voluntary memorial of those who sat around his
official fireside — who caught and treasured the words of his
wisdom — ^who were inspired by his friendship and affection — who-
were cheered by his sympathy and counsel — who were cautioned
by his admonition and sustained by his love — who basked in
the sunshine of his great heart and nature, and who, in their tears,
followed him here, to his last resting place, and, in their love
and devotion, would erect this simple shaft to his enduring"
memory.

Intboduction vii
"His friends throughout this great commonwealth, if occa
sion had authorized it, would have lovingly joined in this memor
ial and if all of them had been permitted to co-operate in this
tribute of affection, this simple shaft would have been metamor
phosed in height and breadth and elaboration into a mighty and
imposing monument, but we preferred this simple tribute — this
token of love and affection from his official family and we feel
that his loving and guiding spirit, which hovers around and about
us today, reflecting the golden heart of his honest, but rugged
nature, appreciates this simple token set in love, rather than
statues of bronze and columns of marble raised high, in pomp
and parade.
"Allen Daniel Candler literally dedicated himself to his
country. He died in the seventy-sixth year of his age and for
thirty-five years was the trusted and devoted servant of the
State he loved.
"Ais a member of the House of Representatives, Senator,
Congressman, Soldier, Secretary of State, Governor and Com
piler of Colonial Records, his life is so interwoven into the warp
and woof of the State that its history cannot be written without
recording his contribution to it.
"A Georgian by birth, he loved his State as his mother, and
in the rare ruggedness and honesty of his nature, when promot
ing her interest, he not only expressed his own convictions with
absolute and open frankness, but whenever the occasion required
he did not hesitate to stimulate the timid or combat the derelict
whenever her welfare or honor was in issue.
"He loved and was true to his friends.
"He lived and basked in the sunshine of their presence.
"He was companionable to a degree and shed light and happi
ness along the pathway of life.
"He was of rugged but gentle nature, optimistic in vision,
diplomatic in conception and advice, comprehensive in thought,
wise in counsel, but positive and robust in action.
"He was a constructionist by nature and not a pessimist — he
sought to build and not to destroy.
"He preferred to give rather than to receive, and he gave
freely his time and talents to the construction and development
of his section without the sordid care of self, and, therefore, his
personal pecuniary returns were not always commensurate with
his works, but he was compensated in the patriotism of his pur-

VIII Colonial Becobds
pose, the completion of his plans and the resulting development,
growth and prosperity of his section and country.
"He sowed that others might reap, but in the generousness
of his nature he was content to be without reward save in the
development and fulfillment of his conceptions and his enterprise.
"He did not love money, but preferred man to Mammon.
"He was enamored of the prosperity, growth and progress of
his City, his County, his State and his Country, and relatively
was careless and unmindful of his own pecuniary interest.
"He builded for progress and not for selfish exploitation.
"Rugged by nature and of simple economy, mere money and
wealth held no attraction for him, nor did luxury or ease appeal
to him. He was moved by a profound sense of duty, and, while
diplomatic in dealing with non-essentials, he was inflexible even
to bluntness in the defense of essential principles.
"He belonged, by birth, nature and tradition, to the old school
of statesmen who believed in the Constitution of the fathers with
a simple but profound and enduring faith.
"As a Representative he legislated for all the people, and as
an executive he believed in economy, probity in official life and
the preservation of every just right guaranteed by the Constitu
tion, with its motto of 'J^^stice, Wisdom and Moderation.'
"As an official he was ever patient, almost to the limit of
indulgence, and never irritable, sensitive or hypercritical and no
overbearing conduct marked or marred his official life. He loved
and trusted those officially associated with him and they loved
and honored him.
"In reflecting upon his life and character we are reminded of
the Roman proverb : .
" 'He whom the gods love dies young.'
"However old in years they may live, even beyond three
score and ten, they are still young in nature, in heart and in
spirit. "The touch of the gods, by the Roman proverb, imparts a
crown of glory which dissipates the chill of age, preserves youth,
lubricates the wear of time, rejuvenates the nature and spirit
from the blight of growing old, and, like the Gulf Stream, warms
the winters of the passing years.
"This halo of glory rested upon him.
"He died young, not in years, but in nature and heart and
spirit.

Introduction ix
"He was young in hope, young in sympathy and young in the
Warmth of his affection and love for his fellow man.
"He was not a churchman, but in his life and character, in
its final essence, he stood for the faith of all Christian creeds —
a profound reverence for his Creator, an abiding faith in His re
vealed Word, a complete reliance on the Blood of the Cross and
an unbounded and unselfish love and kindness for his fellow man,
and when the end came, we are taught that his spirit, like Abou
Ben Adhem's, who also loved his fellow man, was wafted by the
angels of peace and love into the bright and beautiful beyond,
where 'Behold, his name led all the rest.'
"His life was gentle ;
"And the elements so mixed in him, that Nature might stand
up and say to all the world, 'This is a man.'
"All hail to Allen Daniel Candler as a man, citizen, husband,
father, soldier, statesman and patriot, whose memorial we now
present to his City and to his State.

At the conclusion of Judge McWhorter's address, Miss Annie
Candler, youngest daughter of the late Governor, released the
veil.

Speech of Judge John S. Candler Accepting the Monument
ON Behalf of the Family of Governor Candler.
Judge John S. Candler, a kinsman of the lamented Governor,
was next presented to the audience. In a voice tender with
emotion, showing the full heart out of which he spoke, Judge
Candler said :
"Col. Lindsey, Judge McWhorter, Ladies and Gentlemen,
Friends and Associates of Governor Candler:
"At the request of his immediate family, and as the youngest
member of the generation of the Candler family, of which Gov
ernor Candler was the oldest, it is my great honor and pleasure
to accept for the family this tender tribute of your love and
friendship, erected on this spot, to mark his last resting place,
and to preserve for posterity the opinion which you hold of his
virtues, and the achievements of his life.
"This is a rare occasion, one not soon to be forgotten, and the
like of which has not, within my memory, been seen in Georgia.

X Colonial Records
The sentiment involved in this act of yours is as pure and sweet
as the air from those blue mountains, at whose feet he now
sleeps, and upon whose bosom he first drew the breath of life.
He was born at an epochal time in this State, and reached man
hood while his State was in the midst of the greatest crisis
through which it has ever passed.
"In what is now Lumpkin County, in the year 1834, he was
born. He was given the name honored by his father, his grand
father, and his great grandfather, and at the hour of his death
the name was as unsullied as it was when first bestowed upon
his great grandfather at Callan, in Kilkenny, Ireland. Our
generation and our branch of the family owe much to the im
mediate generation preceding us. Our grandfather, Daniel
Candler, died in Columbia County, Georgia, in the year 1816,
at the early age of thirty four, leaving five sons, the oldest of
whom was but twelve years of age, the youngest less than two.
The two oldest sons, William and John, in early manhood,
married Georgia girls, and removed from Georgia, the one to
Arkansas, the other to Louisiana. The three younger, Samuel,
Daniel and Ezekiel, remained in Georgia. From the lower
counties of Richmond and Columbia, they soon found their way
to the hills and mountains of the northern portion of the State.
Samuel, my father, married in Cherokee County, the daughter
of Noble Beall. Daniel, the father of the Govemor, married Miss
Mathews, of the family of Governor Mathews. Ezekiel married
in Coweta County, Miss Williams, of that large family which has
done so much for Western Georgia. Each of these brothers did
loyal service for the State, as militia officers in the Indian border
warfare, that marked the first thirty years of the nineteenth
century, while still in their teens and early manhood, and in
their old age, they proved their love and loyalty in support of
the tenets of their State, under the Stars and Bars in the War
between the States. They taught their boys to honor their
names, by teaching them the binding strength and power of love
of family, love of home, love of State, and love of Country. By
their example, we were shown that in honest, faithful labor, in
whatever walk of life was entered, was to be found the only
royal road to success, and that with honor, truth and loyalty as
our watchwords, we would always have the love, confidence and
respect of our fellowmen.
"Governor Candler lived up to all his family traditions and

Introduction xi
training. He loved his family with a tenderness that none could
know, who had not the privilege of seeing it under the roof that
sheltered it. His gallant, tender, touching affection for the wife
of his bosom was as sweet and beautiful at the hour of his de
parture as it was on his bridal morn. His loving solicitude for
the children of his loins was like unto Jesse for David and of
Jacob for Joseph and Benjamin. As he loved his wife, with
ardor and strength, prized her purity and guarded her honor
with jealous care, so loved he his State and Country, and ever
held his life devoted to the same high service. As he was at
all times solicitous of the welfare of his children, so was he
watchful of the interests of his State. He loved and trusted his
friends, and today you each and all bear witness to the fact that
no man whom he knew to be his friend, was ever by him for
gotten, when favors were to be bestowed or honors conferred,
and with him, his friends were always right. If they had faults
he was too full of their virtues to perceive their errors, and if
at any time one openly went wrong, he looked the other way and
left it to some one else to chide them.
"In his veins, coursed the blood of the Puritan and the
Cavalier. On Naseby's Field, the hand of the Puritan, William
Candler, along side Oliver Cromwell, sought the life of the
Cavalier Phillip Slaughter, in fiercest struggle, but at Guildford
Court House, Eutaw, the Cow Pens, and finally at Yorktown, the
lineal descendant of that same Candler, who fought with Crom
well against royalty joined hand with Samuel Slaughter, a lineal
descendant of the Cavalier Phillip and fought side by side against
the oppressing Mother Country for that new-born freedom and
higher glory never dreamed of by their ancestors.
"Georgia in her early days did well to invite the Puritan from
New England, the Scotch Highlander from Maryland and North
Carolina, and the Cavalier from Virginia, to occupy her lands
and make their homes on her rich plains and amid her lofty hills.
On her soil, the sons and daughters of these early settlers have
mingled their blood, and given us a people that in purity of pur
pose, lofty ideals and high character, have illustrated the great
ness and grandeur of their early ancestry. Of such blood was
he, whose memory you honor today, and of such are each and
all of you. This day will bear fruit for good, and wherever the
story of the friendship of Damon and Pythias is remembered.

XII Colonial Records
the love of David for Jonathan is read, this loving act of yours
will be told, and Georgia friendship will be honored and extolled.
"Amid the noise and bustle of your Capitol City, on a beauti
ful morning in October, 1910, he fell asleep. We took him
up and brought him back to the foot of these hills, which he
loved so well, that here, under the shade of the oaks, where in
youth he played, he might sleep well. God rest him, and God
bless you, his friends, whom he loved so well."

Remarks of Mayor Robertson Accepting the Monument for
THE City of Gainesville.
The following were the well-chosen words employed by
Mayor P. E. B. Robertson in accepting the Candler monument
on behalf of the city of Gainesville, said he :
"It is not for me on this occasion, surrounded by a people
who are familiar with almost every event of his life, to speak at
length upon the career and character of Mr. Candler.
"We share with the South the glory achieved by his valor on
the field of battle.
"We divide with the nation his magnificent service as a mem
ber of congress.
"Of his wise administration of the affairs of state we take our
part, but as a favorite citizen, one who in his early life stood
foremost in the upbuilding of our city and the development of
this favored section, as a neighbor and fireside friend he was our
own. "As a statesman, loyal to his convictions and who never be
trayed a trust, we honored him. But as a sympathetic friend
and ever ready counsellor and helper, we loved him.
"With grateful acknowledgements of the thought and senti
ment that erected this monument, and with the highest apprecia
tion of the man it commemorates, we accept it.
"We promise you to keep, protect and preserve it."

Speech of Hon. Lucian Lamar Knight Accepting the Monu
ment for the State of Georgia.
In receiving the monument on behalf of the great State of
Georgia, as a representative of the Governor, and as a successor

Intboduction xni
to the deceased in the office of Compiler of Records, Hon. Lucian
L. Knight made the following address. Said he:
"Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen :
"On behalf of the great State of Georgia whose interest in
this hour is paramount, I am here by commision of the Governor
to speak for three millions of people, in whose minds today there
is but a single thought and whose hearts in homage to this gentle
Georgian beat as one. Sir, no ordinary patriot slumbers here.
Since Oglethorpe stood on Savannah's bluff and swept the
primeval solitudes of an infant Colony, there has not appeared
upon the scene in Georgia one who loved the State with more
unselfish love or who served the Commonwealth with a purer
ardor of devotion. He wooed the historic muse of Georgia like
a lover and he placed upon her brow a wreath which no autumn
sun will ever wither.
"With Allen D. Candler patriotism was a passion. He loved
Georgia with every pulse-beat of his great heart. There was not
a foot of her soul, from the sea to the cedars, which he did not
cherish as his own native heath, and there was not a page of her
history that his own unwearied pen did not help to brighten.
He bore a name illustrious in Georgia from the Revolution, and
the ties of a glorious ancestry bound him to the old mother-land.
His friends and his foes alike were Georgia's. He knew no com
rade in the ranks who could not pronounce the shibboleths of his
faith and in the lexicon of his allegiance to principle there was
no such word as surrender. He led these men of the hills in
a hundred fights for Democracy, but he never sounded a truce,
he never ordered a retreat, and never once, while he held it, did
the old flag of his party droop in dishonor on the field. No tainted
shilling ever rested in the palm of his hand and no dictate of self-
interest ever swerved him by a hair's breadth from the path of
right. Great and true man, honor was his shield ; his golden
motto: duty without fear.
"One of the most beautiful pictures, Mr. Chairman, in the
annals of our state, is the picture of Allen D. Candler in his old
age, devoting himself with the enthusiasm of a youth to the
task of compiling the immortal records of Georgia. There he
sits in a committee room at the State Capitol, bent with the
weight of three-score years and ten. His strength is well-nigh
spent. He is almost at the end of his long journey. But he seems
to wax young again at his work and to catch from the glow of

XIV Colonial Records
Georgia's historic dawn some of the lost sun-beams of his own
morning skies. Instead of enjoying a leisure which he has well
earned in the service of the State, he is toiling away over musty
files, often-times far into the night. It is no easy task upon
which this veteran is intent. To use a famihar term, it is drud
gery; but the sacredness of the task to him gives it a divine
charm — the alchemy of his touch makes it golden ; and, whatever
some may say, he is giving the State a service for which coming
generations will call him blessed. He is reclaiming, from the
dark sea-caverns of forgotten yesterdays, many a radiant gem
to sparkle in the crown of Georgia's history. He is deepening,
on the hill sides and in the valleys, many a faded epitaph for
Georgia's scroll of fame. He is doing with his pen for Georgia
what Old Mortality with his chisel did for Scotland. Patiently,
with an infinite regard for detail, he is sifting and sorting the
records from which the future glorious history of his State is to
be written. Page upon page, volume after volume, grows the
splendid pile. But the pen at last falls from the nerveless grasp
of the old man's hand, his eyelids droop, his lips close, and Allen
D. Candler is at rest forever.
"It matters not in what aspect of his character or at what
stage of his career we are pleased to consider him, he is always
the same high-minded patriot, the same true man among men.
On the floors of Congress, in the office of Secretary of State, in
the exalted chair of Governor, and in the arduous role which was
last assigned him of compiling the State Records of Georgia, he
was steadfastly true to every trust. Like an old knight of the
tournament, he passed away in his armor of combat, with many
a brave indentation on the battered shield, and with many a
wreath of laurel on his wrinkled brow. He rendered the State
no knightlier service than the one in which he was last engaged
and no finer chivalry than his at 76 ever found an echo in the
Arthurian legends. As Compiler of the State Records of Geor
gia, he literally immolated himself upon the altar of his State;
and to him belongs the crown of life, for he was faithful even
unto death.
"Sufficient time has not elapsed for the historian's final word
concerning Governor Candler's work. The warmth of feeling
with which we must approach him in melting to the ice of cold
analysis. But this much is true : he was the stalwart champion
of the plain people of Georgia. He was the yeoman's fast friend ;

Introduction xv
and by every tie of kinship he was knit to the sturdy men of
the mountains. If his speech was blunt, it was honest. He dealt
in no innuendoes. His foes always knew where to find him. In
public speaking and in private discourse he called a spade a
spade. He thought for himself. He wore no man's collar and
he felt no party's lash. Sincerity mirrored itself in every action
and in every utterance of his life. He scorned hypocricy and
sham and cant with the lofty scorn of the noble Cato. Whether
spoken or written, the ring of the pure gold was in his words.
They always rang true to truth; and they gushed from his
soul like the limpid crystal of his mountain streams. In his com
passions he was as tender as a woman. In his charities he was as
broad as a planet. In his convictions of right and wrong he was
as fixed as a star in the firmament. Easy of access, by nature
jovial, fond of boon companions, full of genial mirth, he was vine
and flower in the sunshine, but he towered like Mt. Yonah in the
storm. Fighting for Georgia in the Civil War, he partially lost
his sight, an infirmity which caused him in one of his heated cam
paigns upon the hustings to be dubbed "The one-eyed plow-boy
of Pigeon Roost." But never was an epithet more happily be
stowed. It swept him from triumph to triumph. In the race
for Governor, it wrote victory upon his banners ; and on every
page of Georgia's history which records the public acts of Allen
D. Candler it is written that he labored with an eye single to
the welfare of his people.
"Within the sound of my voice, in this beautiful citadel of
the dead, there lies moldering in the dust more than one favorite
son of this proud old State. Over there sleeps Longstreet, the
beloved "Old War Horse of Lee." Not far away lies Milton
Smith, an honored Governor, above whose couch no marble
minstrel sings. In one of the earliest graves to be made in this
sacred area sleeps a pioneer doctor of the old school whose name
is memorialized in the great county of Banks. Here, too, are
Estes and Sanders. But the soil of Alta Vista cemetery holds
no keepsake sweeter than the dust which here lies waiting for
the eternal dawn to wake it; and underneath the violets of his
native land he will slumber sweetly on till the morning breaks
upon yonder mountains. Georgia accepts this monument which
loyal and loving hands have reared. She will ever guard it with
her tenderest care ; and hither, in an age of commerce, she will

XVI Colonial Records
send her pilgrims to do honor to an old patriot for whom an
eagle never glistened. In many an anxious hour of the future
there will beam upon this tomb a star and there will come from
out this sepulchre a message which will fire the hearts and nerve
the sinews of men. But the most enduring monument to Allen
D. Candler is built in the archives of Georgia. There his epitaph
is written for the ages to come. No foe to Georgia's honor will
ever scale her walls so long as the spirit of Allen D. Candler shall
walk her ramparts nor will an unrighteous law ever stain her
statute books so long as the memory of this just man shall
sweeten the pillars of her capitol."
Movement to Create a New County in Governor Candler's
Honor.
From the files of the "Atlanta Constitution" for June 2, 1913,
the following editorial paragraph is taken :
"The dedication of the monument to the late Allen D. Candler,
at Gainesville, next Tuesday, June 3, calls to mind the fact that
Georgia, as a rule, has done little to honor the memory of her
deceased chief executive. Occasionally there is a monument
erected to a deceased governor and now and thiati a new county
is named in honor of one of them, but history indicates that such
is the exception rather than the rule. While those who were
in the State service with Governor Candler and as a result of his
appointment are erecting in his honor this simple shaft at his
former home, other friends have chosen his name for the new
county which it is proposed to establish with Metter as the
county seat and to be formed from portions of Bulloch, Emanuel
and Tattnall. Although, in common with every successful
politician, he had his enemies, this double honor is indicative of
the esteem in which Governor Candler was held. It is interest
ing, too, that the name Candler should have been selected for
a new county in the Southern section of the State, Whereas Gov
emor Candler's home was in North Georgia. There is every
indication that the people of Metter and the surrounding terri
tory will succeed in establishing the justice of their claim to a
new county before the coming legislature and that Candler
County will thus become a new and important political subdivi
sion of the State. In the creation of new counties within the last
ten years only two have been named in honor of Governors of
Georgia: Stephens and Jenkins.

THL
COLONIAL RECORDS

OF THE

STATE OF GEORGIA

COMPILED UNDER AUTHORITY
OF
THL LEGISLATURE BY
ALLEN D. CANDLER, A. M., LL D
EDITED IN PART BY
WM. J. NORTHLN, LL D.
Compiler of Records
REVISED AND PUBLISHED BY
LUCIAN LAMAR KNIGHT, M. A.
Compiler of Records

VOLUME 22.
Part I.

ORIGINAL PAPERS, CORRESPONDENCE,
TRUSTEES, GENERAL OGLETHORPE
AND OTHERS.
1737-1739.
Atlanta, Ga.
Chas. p. Byed, State Printer,
1913

COBRESPONDENCE

Bliz. Jenys to Trustees.

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Euz. Jenys to the Honoeable Trustees.
Cliarles Town, Nov'. S"", 1737.
Hon"'. Sirs
I humbly take Leave to inform yo'. Honours'
that on the 19* Ultimo arriv'd here the Mary
Ann Capt. Thomas Shulbrick from London, by
whom M^ Stephens came, who deliv* me a letter Arrival of
Wm. Steph-
from M"". Harman Verelst directed to M'. Paul ™/;a^"|5:eB.
Jenys my Late Husband (of whose Death you've Jj^rgiaf
undoubtedly before this heard which to my
great Loss and affliction happen 'd y* 20'". July
last,) Inclosing a Bill of Loading for Sundry
Goods' Ship'd by him for your Hon", and Con- , Comes as
signed to M"'. Jenys for forwarding to Georgia ; gf"'"^^^ °'
also Recruits & some Servants all which I hope T?2ttee*l!^
I have taken the like care off and follow 'd your
Orders, as M^ Jenys would have done had he
been Living, as I doubt not but M''. Stephens
have advised you. The Goods came in good
Order, but the People were some of them Sick.
They Sail'd hence for Georgia the 28"' Ult" but
the Scooner that carried 'em is not yet return'd.
I have this day drawn on your Hon", (accord- Mrs. jenys
•' '' ^ writes of
ing to M". Verelst 's direction) for £23 .6 8 glJ^d's^d'eatu
Sterling Pay'"^ to M'. Thomas Jenys or order ^sses'^cer-
30 days after Sight, which as ^ the Inclos'd t^j^"^^,
Acco'. I disburs'd for those People's Support & ^^^ ««***••

Colonial Records

Eliz. Jenys to Trustees.

conveyance ; and the which I doubt not but yo"".
Hon", will order to be paid.
On the 25"' Ulf. arriv'd the Charles Capt."
Ja^ Reid by whom I also reced a Letter from
M'. Verelst to M"". Jenys Inclosing a Bill of Load
ing for a box and paper parcel on it, also a
Packet for M"". Causton, the box & paper parcel
I reced. in good Order and gave the same with
the Packet into M"'. Stephen's hands to deliver
M"'. Causton.
It is with great pleasure I observe that M^
Jenys 's conduct in relation to the unhappy dis-
Disputes be- putes between the two Colonies is approv'd of
ca?oiinf°"* by yo''. Honours. I hope you'l please to make
the like use of this House as you did in M'.
Jenys 's Life time. I beg Leave to assure you
that I'U use my utmost endeavours to perform
any orders yo^ Hon", may give, for yo''. Service
and the Colony of Georgia. I am,
Hon'"^. Sirs
Your most Humbe & Ob'. Serv'. Eliz: Jenys
Eixecutrix of
Paul Jenys.

Cobkespondence

Robert Bathurst to Lord Bathurst.

(Prom B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, VoL 21.)
Robert Bathurst to L'd Bathubst, Complain
ing OP Causton and Giving Reasons Why
He and Piebcy, His Bb-in-Law Abandoned
Geobgia Recd Feb 173V8.
Charles Town South Carolina America
12 Nov. 1737.
My Lord
I humbly acknowledge myself in a fault for
not writing to your Lordship before : But being
in Georgia, I was Sure that all my letters would
a been Stopt, especially by reason that I am meiitTf ws
mother on
obliged to let your Lordship know of the ill ^er death-
treatment our family has received in that
Colony; For when my dear Mother lay on her
death bed, we had no boat to go down to Savan
nah to get necessarys for her, and I wrote to
my Sister to go to M''. Causton to get Something
for my Mother, but he would let her have noth
ing but One bottle of Madera wine, which your
Lordship must think was poor comfort for a
woman on her death bed.

ni-treat-

After my Mothers death, my Father was per
suaded to marry again, to an old Gentlewoman
of kin to the Duke of Chandois, & was told She
had a great deal of money and such other falsi
ties, but on the contrary. She brought us much
in debt, which after my fathers death I and my
brother in law Piercy were obliged to pay.

Colonial Recobds

Robert Bathurst to Lord Bathurst.

After my Mothers death we very often wanted
necessaries, and when my dear Fathey lay upon
his death bed, we sent to M'. Causton, but he'd
let us have nothing: But when he heard that
my father was dying, he came to him to Sign
^¦e:°^d*°° ^^® -^^^' *^^* ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ yo^^ Lordship, and
extortionate, according to my fathers desire I Sign'd it, but
against my Will, for there were several things
charged in it that we never had of him, of which
I made him give me a copy which is here en
closed to your Lordship, and then he desired
we'd let my father want for nothing that he
could help us to, when he knew it was too late .
After my Fathers death Causton would never
let me have any thing, nor had I ever a farthings
worth of him, by reason I had no money to pay
No redress ^^T it, which I must lay to Caustons charge For
for damages, ^-j^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^ planted, the Trustees horses
broke into the Plantation, and destroyed all our
Corn, altho our Fence was judged by all that
Saw it to be lawfull. And When I went to com
plain of it to M''. Causton (because there was
no body else to complain to) he laugh 'd at it
and Said he'd not be troubled about it, which
your Lordship must know was no honest part
of a chief Magistrate, who ought to do every
body justice. The 2\ year we planted, were
Served the Same, by the Post Man M'. Elberts
horses, & Causton Served us the same year;
And the 3*. & last year we were served the same
again by the Indians, who Causton encouraged
to do me all the mischief was possible, for they
destroyed my corn & hoggs, and altho it was in

Correspondence

Robert Bathurst to Lord Bathurst.

Dispossessed

Caustons power to Send them away, he would
not. My Lord, My Father died the 19 Dec*^ 1736:
and on the 21^'. Causton sent and took from me
a Maid Servant whom I had by my Mother in if' ^a°mair'
servant.
law, altho she had a long time to Serve to me ;
w*"". your Lordship may judge whether that was
honesty or not by her Indentures which are here
enclosed : So I finding that I was never likely
to get any thing by staying in that place (to
have every thing I had destroyed) by the per
suasion of those friends I had there I resolved
to leave it ; in order to which I tryed to dispose
of my houshold goods and Servants to buy me
comon necessaries and carry me away from
Georgia: which when Causton understood, he
sayd that every thing we had belong 'd to the
Trustees. I told him that could not be, for
your Lords', gave us the Servants, and that
you paid for every thing else : He Said it was
no such thing, for every pennyworth we had
belong 'd to the Trustees, (but y''. Lords", very
well knows the contrary) and he bound my
brother Piercy in a bond of 30£ Sterl. to appear undlr
the next Court to answer for the selling the
Trustees Servants (for so he termed mine)
But my brother in law seeing before so many
examples of Injustice done by Causton, By the
persuasion of our Friends we left the place:
For altho he could justly have answer'd that
Offence (as Causton termed it) yet he feared
as he had reason, that Causton wou'd contrive
something or other to make him Stay in the

Brother put

Colonial Records

Robert Bathurst to Lord Bathurst.

Colony, which we can call -no other than a
prison: for Causton has stayed a great many
people in that place, pretending they owed
money, or had done Some great fault or other.
My Lord, I was told by a Gentleman in Geor
gia, that M^ Oglethorp told him, that y^ Lord-
Money spent ship had payd 50 £ for us for the 1°' year, 20 £
returns. f or the 2*, and would pay 10 £ for 7 years after :
But if y'. Lordship dos pay it I cant tell what
it is for ; for sincee my fathers death I do assure
y. Lordship I never had any thing. I never
heard from y''. Lordship since I've been from
England, but when y'. Lords", sent us the Other
Servant which Causton also calls the Trustees.
However things may be mis-represented to y'.
Lords". I cant tell, but I am sure I had just
reason to leave it to Save my own life, for I
really believe my Father and Mother both died
for want of proper necessaries, and had I stay 'd,
perhaps my own had been the Same case, for
when I lay ill the time my father marry 'd, I
had nothing to eat or drink or to take but bread
& water. So after all this ill usage, as I think
I may well call it, I left Georgea with my brother
in law & Sister Piercy, and on the 30. Sept*'.
1737 We came to Charlestown in hopes to better
our Selves, leaving a good plantation behind
me in Georgea, w'" no body to take care of it,
for Causton said it belong 'd to the Trustees,
but I very well know to the contrary.
Had y'. Lords", knew the place to be such as
I to my sorrow find it is, I am very well assured
y. Lords", would nere have sent us there, and

Death of
parentscharged to
Causton.

Forced to
leave his
plantation
in Georgia.

Cokeespondencb

Robert Bathurst to Lord Bathurst.

the money that you spent upon us there, would
have put me into a way whereby to get my
living: and now I have nothing to depend upon
to get my bread but the hard labour of my
hands. I am sorry that what ever y'. Lords".
has yet done for our family has had no success,
and if y'. Lords", please ever to do any more
for me (but I 'me ashamed to ask it of y"". Lords".
for I very well know those things you have done
for us are too many & to no effect) But if it
please y'. Lord", to bestow any thing upon me
be it never so Small value, it will be most grate
fully acknowledged by

My Lord

Y'. Lordships most obed'. & dutifull
hum*'. Serv'. Rob'. Bathurst.

P. S. If it be y'. Lord", pleasure to write
or send me any thing, y'. Lord", may direct
to R. Bathurst to be left at Mr. Eveleighs,
Mercht on Charles town Bay South Caro
lina.

10 Colonial Recoeds

John Mackintosh Moore to Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
John Mackintosh Moobe to Me. Habman
Vebelst, Accountant at the Geobgia
Office, Westministee

Red
^Wax Seal

Sir

I Receavd your favour of 12 august last past,
Darien is very much oblidged to The Honoura
ble Trustees for the Care they seem to have
about it. The Servants when they Come shall
be employed as you direct in every particular
and the Cloathing that mr Causton has orders
to send shall be given as you mention.
tS^^nufon. -^^^^ ^^^ amunition is the Soul of any place
that wants to defend it self as we do. Those
arms you Intend to Send for us shall be taken
Care of for the defence of the place we want a
Smith very much our arms being much out of
order, and many of them useless for want of a
little help, which if Convenient pray think of.
Letters to ^ ^^^^ Receavd of mr Caustons Sending the
ttorpe^itd hundred weight of Cheese you advise, and when
I gett home Shall divide among Darien people;
for your direction I have wrote by this oppor
tunity to His Excellency mr Oglethorpe mr Hor-
ton and I are bussjr now about Clearing Darien

Mr. Horton.

COEBBSPONDENCE 11

John Mackintosh Moore to Harman Verelst.

accounts which I hope will be finished this day
I am Sir Your most Humble ser"^
John mackintosh Moore
Frederica 15"" November 1737.
[Addressed]
To M'. Harman Verelst
Accountant att the Georgia Office
Westminster.

Red WaxSeal

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
John Mackintosh Moobe to Jambs Oglethoepe
932
Sir. I Receavd a Letter from mr Harman Verelst
which I have answered by this opportunity. I litfolTI:*^"
beg leave, Sir, to Congratulate your Excellency
most Heartily on account of the new honors his
Majesty has Conferred on you, which in my
opinion you are vastly deserving of, and will
be of the greatest Consequence in advancing his
Majesties Plantations in America, and I hope

12

Colonial Recoeds

John Mackintosh Moore to Harman Verelst.

Health of
people at
Darien.

Crops.

Report of
Conditions.

make his arms as terrible to his Enemies as the
Normans your forefathers were in vindication
of his Majesties Royal and Brave ancestors.
The Basis of magna Charta, I assure you Sir,
none wishes your publick and private Character
and interest better than me. Go on and God
prosper you. as to affairs & All the people of
Darien are now in very good health and all
alive except Hugh Clerk the taylor who died of
a fever October last and notwithstanding of the
false alarms they had last Spring they have a
verey good Crope about 370 Bushells of Corn
besides pease and other things, tho, the hard
duty and working att the Fort brought them
very Low, yett they went thorow with great
Courage, and with intention never to quitt the
place alive
I have taken Care that your orders Should be
punctually obeyed, as allso of giving out the
provisions as frugally as I Could for the inter
ests of the Trust without wrong done the peo
ple, our being Confined in such a Small place as
our Fort brought great number of Ratts and
mice which have destroyed Some Corn, &c^ with
Belts and Cartouchcboxes &c*. Your usual
fatherly Care of us Still appeares, and we all
are very thankfull, the Servants you have
ordered by the TVo Brothers on their arrivall
shall be disposed according to mr Verelsts di
rections, and what remains undisposed of shall
be employed in Sawing of boards for the publick
use. The arms Shall be taken Care of when
they're sent to this place. I am here att Frede-

COBBESPONDENCE 13

John Mackintosh Moore to Harman Verelst.

rica with mr Horton in Clearing my accounts
which I believe will be finished this day, he is
very Carefull of our place, in visiting us, send
ing us what he Can Spare us', and in a word
doing every thing to keep up good harmony
betwixt us and the other Setlements. The news
of your Excellencys soon setting out gives great
encouragement and all join in Prayers for your
happy arrivall.
The hundered weight of Cheese Mr. Verelst
advises me of I have now Receavd, and when I
go up Shall divide amongst the people as he
directs. I am with great Respect and faithful
ness Sir Your Excellencys
Most oblidged most obedient
and most Humble Servant
John Mackintosh Moore.

Frederica 15"" Novembr 1737.

14 CoLONLiL Records

Harry Buckley to James Oglethorpe.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Haeey Buckley to the Hon^^^ James Ogle-
THBOPE Esq. to be Leff at Y^ Geobgia Office
IN Old Palace Yard, Westministee, London.
Frederica Novem': 15"^ 1737
May it please y'. Honour
I Hope your goodness will pardon the free
dom I have here taken in troubleing you with
these few Lines, it's to inform y'. Honour, that
I have Fenc'd in my Town Lott & buUt a Clap-
ogiethorpe board Hutt upon it, w"" gives me some small
encouragement to write to y'. Honour, to beg
the favour of you to Speak to M'. Towers for
me ; for a Servant, and likewise if he would be
so good as to speak to my Coz". Buckley for me,
which he was so kind as to tell me he would do
when I left England if I Behaved myself well ;
which I will Leave to y'. Honour; (Work and I
cannot as yet Rightly agree but hope that time
with a little help will make it very agreeable to
me) Knowing y". one word from y'. Honour
will have more influence upon him than all the
Letters I am Capable of writing him, I do as
sure y'. Honour it shall be and and has been my
Cheifest Study and Care to behave myself so,
that you may not here one complaint of me at
y'. arival which we all wait for with long im-

Friendly offices of

Cobeespondencb 15

Thomas Hawkins to Trustees.

patience, and Wish your Honour a happy and
safe arival here; And Am with due Respect.
Your Honour's
Most obedient humble servant
to Command
Harry Buckley.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Lettee Feom Me. Thomas Hawkins, Dated
Feedebica 28 Nov 1737. Recd 12 Apeil 1738.
To Benj Martin Esq. Secty to the Honoe
able Trustees.
Sr .
I rely on the Favour of your Accquainting
the Hon*", y" Trustees that I took Care to remit
the few Occurrances from j" 6th of November
(the Time General left us) to the ensuing Jan
uary by M'. Dunbar, in June I wrote what Small
Accounts I then found Necessary, omitting
nothing to my Remembrance that was worthy
their Honours Notice.

There are Differences of no Kind subsisting
amongst the People in Commission here and no ^™eS^coi-
people live in greater Harmony than we at offlcflis^"^
Present Enjoy, f I presume the Information
their Honours Receivd arose from a trivial
Dispute which happend in in March Last, when
by a general desire of the Inhabitants M'. Cal-
well and self propos'd holding his Majesties

16 Colonial Recoeds

Thomas Hawkins to Trustees.

Town Court which M'. Perkins Opposed but
soon join in Opinion to the General Satisfaction
of the People. Since which time we have ben
as Regular as possable either in holding or
adjourning as Business of* d having no trans
action there worthy Observation or Notice at
either time.
As this half hours dispute was of no Preju
dice to any one and unattended with ill Conse
quences I thought it needless to trouble their
Honours with Matters of so little moment which
probably might have interfered with things of
more material Consideration which might be
before them. Affirming that whatever Accounts
go beyond* Exceed the Truth, as I hope Other
information from this Place will Certify. The
following is the most particular Account of
Frederica at Present
Of Buildings. I am sorry I cannot give a Better
Few build account then that one Sinclare formerly a
ings erected. Servant to M'. Houston at Savannah has BuUt
a small Timber house of saw'd work. Will:
Moor Tanner is about Building and fitting up
Conveniencies for his Trade. Henry Michel a
Duch Servant of their Honours and Henry
Myers a Duch Freholder have Built them houses
of Squar'd Timber Loggs and I have Finish'd
my house At my own Expence in great measure,
and added half as much more in Length the
Brickmakers have about 40000 Bricks of good
Clay.
•torn

COEEESPONDBNCB 17

Thomas Hawkins to Trustees.

Of Improvements of Lands- the following Peo
ple Cleard and planted their home Acres last Improve-
Season, but the over Dry Aiitumn distroy'd all {^^t of
expectations, and have Neither of them received
any Benefit of their Labour, viz .
Andrew Walset John Levally Jun'".
Archib: Sinclare WUl"". Addison
Elisha Dobree Dan": Parnell
Miles Weston Am'. Telsnere
Tho'. Hird John Robinson
John Smithers Tho\ Hawkins
Levi Bennet Tho^ Loop.
Tho^ Walker Dan".. Cannor.
Mic'. Wilson Tho». Prochter
Jn°. Levally Sen'. Rich* White
Mark Hird
The following 6t have done their Endeavours
at their 5 Acres having most part fenc'd
Cleard and planted them, the undernamed have
on their 50 Acre-Lotts and have mett with the
same success *[ J not ben destroyed by
Dry Weather has ben devour 'd by Ratts [ ]
in great Numbers viz Davidson, Hird Sen'. Hird
Jun'. Abbot Par [ ] Bennet [ ] Hawkins
[ ] Michel a Servant belonging to the hon"'*
the Trustees has ben very industrious on his 20
Acre Lott as time and Opertunity Allow'd him.
Griffith John Welch, John Ponvry, Richard
Lawly, Robert Paterson, Will Forster, Harry
Buckly, John Humble, have no manner of Im-

? Torn.

Will. Germain.

• .... Davy.

.... Allan.

Henri Myres.

nieglble.

wm Abbot.

18 Colonial Recoeds

Thomas Hawkins to Trustees.

provements either in Building or Cleared Lands
more than Palmetto or Clap Board Hutts.
Deaths & Births we have had 13 Bom this Year
B^ta! ^* ^^ which 3 have died within 14 days after their
Birth we have Buried but one since my Last viz
M"^. Harding wife of John Harding Blacksmith
to the Hon*"' y^ Trustees Stores who died in a
Consumption in June at Darien [Cleark Sud
denly at S'. Andrews, Amelia, Scout Boats, &
of Strangers None.] ?
I desire you'd Please to Assure their Honours
that my Endeavours shall not be wanting in for
warding the Inhabitants in their Improvements
by frequent Admonitions and wish my Strength
would allow it by Example which at present I
cannot having but 2 small Boys, I have been as
particular in my Accounts as my Illness will
admit and what I have neglected in this please
to assure their Honours shall be forwarded as
soon as my health will Permit
I am S'. Your most Obedient
Hum"'' Serv'.
Tho^ Hawkins
Frederica Nov'. 28'" 1737.
To Benj: Martyn Esq'.
Secretary to the Hon'''*, the
Trustees.

Cobeespondencb 19

Sam Sverleigh to Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Sam Eveblbigh to Me. Habman Vebelst. This
Dece 2 1737
S°. Carolina Dec6. y 2«, 1737.
M'. Harman Verelst
S'. I have lately received Several Letters from
you, and the enclosed I forwarded by the first
opportunity to M'. Causton at Georgia. —
By the last Letter you Sent me the the daily
Advertizers which were to me very acceptable,
and which I forwarded to M'. Causton in a short
Time after.
I have by e'ry Oppertunity from Bristoll the
Gloucester Journals, which (after perusal) I
generaly forward to M'. Causton or Others to
Georgia from whence Capt. Stuart is lately
come — Who informs me that all is well there,
and that Cap'. Thompson is arrived from Inver
ness with one hundred and fifteen Serv''. about
Twelve day's Since. That Coll. Stevens was
gone to Frederica.
Herewith you'l receive the Carolina Gazetts
all that are due to this day. Heres a Letter j^^^org ^t
come to M'. Saxby from M'. Tassells Who came SorX.
lately from the Havan, intimating that the
Spaniards are mak^. preparation for an In
vasion, And (as He Supposes) on Georgia.
Here's A flying Report Thad the French had
attacq'd the Chickasahs in their Garrison which

20

Colonial Recoeds

Thomas Hird to Oglethorpe.

They had undermin'd and destroy'd a great
many of them, but I can find no foundation for
it, if Should hear further Shall inform© you
thereof. I am Your most humble Serv'.

Sam Everleigh.

Congratu
lations.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. Thos. Hibd Dated Feedeeica Dece 5 1737.
Recd and Read Apbil 12 1738 Addebssed to
THE HoN^^^ James Oglethoepe, Commandee
op His Maj'^^^^ Foecbs in Carolina and
Geoegia, in the Old Palace Yaed, West
ministee. RedWax Seal
May it please Yo'. Excellency .
It it with great joy and pleasure I congratu
late Yo'. Excelency upon your deserved promo
tion to the chief Command over the provinces
of Carolina and this Colony I doubt not our
finding happy efects from your Excelencys Ad
ministration Your presence will undoubtedly
give ease to any difficultys wee may labour
under the cheifest are in generall Shortness of
Poor Crops, provisious Caused by haveing our last Sum
mers crop Entirely destroyed either by Vermin
or the Continual Droughts of the Summer this
misfortune hath been generall in thease parts,
Our Hoggs are Cheifly run wild in the woods

Cobeespondencb 21

Thomas Hird to Oglethorpe.

for want of corn or other food to Support them
We are not yet discouraged but hope next Year
will Enable us to Surmount theas difficultys.
It is with no small concern I find we have Difteren-
. ces unim-
been much misrepresented to Your Excellency portant.
I never see any appearance of mutiny amongst
us. All I can suppose to have given birth to
this report was a difference in Oppinions in
March last ab'. holding a Town Court then or
deferring it longer but by the Accord of our
Three Bailifs and to the Sattisfaction of the
whole Town it was held on the 25'" of April last
and continued every three months since in good
order. Allthough our disputes are but Small
and Chiefly determined before court day this
Harmony pray God continue amongst us.
I hope M'. Hortons letters by this Occation
will give Your Excelency entire Sattisfaction
wee obey his orders with pleasure which are
conduceing to our Safety and Advantage the
which no wellwisher to this place can or ought
to refuse.
I return Your Excelencey my most hearty
thanks for your care and goodness in forward
ing my Affaires in England I wish my fr*. M'.
Gilding could finish them though to some Diss-
advantage that wee might have a returne to
Enable Self & Son to buy live Stock which we
are in great want for.
I will Assuredly use my uttmost Endeavours
to promote a good Understanding Amongst us
agreeable to yo'. Commands as it hath hitherto
been my cheifest Care Seaverall of our people

22

Colonial Recoeds

Thomas Hird to Oglethorpe.

Servants.

are busy in building houses others improveing
on their lotts. The brickmakers are Constantly
makeing bricks of a much better Compossition
then formerly and wee all Enjoy perfect health
preferably I believe to any other part of
Georgia. M'. Horton Informes me that fifteen of those
Scotch Serv'°. lately Arived at Darien remains
to the use of the Hon*"*. The Trustees, it would
be a great favour done me if you would Spare
me & Son Bach of us one, on our Creditt to
Assist us in our improvements my own time
being much Interupted in publick business Such
are watch dutys & other incidents belonging
my office.
I wish Your Excellency a safe & Speedy
arivall in this Colony & pray y' God would grant
you health & happiness and Crown all your
Endeavours with Success is the request of
May it please Your Excelency
Yo'. most Obiedient & humble Serv'.
Thomas Hird.
Frederica Dece'. y" 5'". 1737.

Servants.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
R'"' Patebson to Mb. Habman Vebelst, Ac
count"^. AT THE Geobgia Office, Neae the
House of Loeds, Westministee, December
5 1737
Sir I took the liberty to write you the feb^. Last
past in which I recommended some incloseds.

COBBBSPONDENCE 23

Robert Patterson to Harman Verelst.

But of yours nor them have I received any
answer which surprises me very much, because
I had wrote to severals to send me serv". if any
fit for us came in their way, which Servants I
intended for the use of the Colony after I had
got one for my self. If any should come for me
I must beg of you that you would get passage
for them on Account of the Trust, that we may
have people in the place, I have several friends
in your Nieghbourhood who have opportunities
of meeting with good people who would be
willing to come on getting their passage dis
charged, so by that means we might have some
increase & not be oblidged to employ strangers,
who only stay with us for a time for what they
can get, in answer to this we should be much
oblidged to you if you would signify to us how
far such a proposal would take, then I could
strenously write to my friends in the Countrey
of England & Scotland who I daresay would g'^f^J"
send us strong robust people, fit for our planta
tion work, which you'll easily conceive was all-
ways the beginning & basis of all new places,
the old Romans came from the Plough to com
mand legions & brought under their Subject 'n
those who were before the heads of the world.
And in our own time if we allow our selves to
think a litle on the wise method the Suisse have
in preserving agriculture we shall find them
the most formidable people people in the world.
1°. By supporting a steady unbiassed govem
ment they make a barren mountaneous Countrey
produce more, than the most fertile fine Coun
trey of Italy doth, which is commanded & Gov-

Teomen

24

Colonial Recoeds

Robert Patterson to Harman Verelst.

Governmen
tal policy
recom-mended.

Lack of
proper rep
resentation.

em*, by Capricious Self intersted men, & those
almost every year changed; by this laborious
way of improving their out places they produce
brave men in consequence whereof. 2°. A Lit
tle Money frugally laid out amongst them Kings
maintain the most absolute Govemment at
home, sit safe on their thrones. & thereby, the
nearer they're allyed to them. The more they
give a Law to the rest of Europe, as if we look
back, to the last wars we shall see, that great
victories were gained & more bragged of, tho'
the supposed conquered gained their ends with
small charge, their countrey being now in the
most flourishing condition in Trade & agricul
ture in the world, whereas the eonquerings
Countreys in all parts, by groaning under the
burden of immense sums drained from them,
& all for want of such a Near alliance with
those warlike people the effects of which put
the conquered in Condition to punish the Con
quering to the twentieth generation that should
come after them, many folio's might be writt
on this subject, very profitable for succeed
ing ages.
I am apt to imagine that our agreable Coun
trey suffers much for want of its being truely
represented, for it is capable of being improved
to infinite advantages, for a Man with one good
Servant for four years might lay a lasting foun
dation for the comfortable Support of a large
family, & live vastly more happy than the Free
holders at home who wait with impatience the
end of a parliament to get new bribes for

Cobeespondencb 25

Robert Millar to Trustees.

making members to oppress his countrey, a
Rare Liberty! If in my Turn, for all your in-
dulgencies & civillities showed me at London I
could by night or day serve you. I assure you.
Sir, none can be more readier than he who is
most affectionately & faithfully Sir
your most obed'. h"'*. Servant
R'. Paterson
Frederica 5'". Decem'. 1737.
From other hands no doubt you'll hear
that our Town increases dayly by births.
I must beg of you to cause forward the
three annexed Letters.

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Rob^ Millar supposed to be addeessed to the
Teustees. Kingstown Dec : 7'". 1737.
Gentlemen I had the Honour to write you in July which
I hope came safe to your hands; The Daily
Expected Sloop from Vera Cruz I therin ac
quainted you off, only arrived here about a
month ago, after a long Passage of four months
from thence hither, w''". is generally performed
in one. She now sails again for the Same Port
in four or five days at furthest, I proceed along
with her and hope I shall be more Successful in
this Trip, than I was in my former. Ever Since

26 Colonial Recoeds

Robert Millar to Trustees.

the Beginning of July I have laboured under a
very bad state of health, and my life has often
been dispaired off by every body y' attended
me, I am now in hopes of the Sea Air is going
down and the Cold Holsom [sic] Climate (at
this Season of the year) of Vera Cruz and
Mexico will soon Reestablish my health &
Strength. In my nixt I hope I hope [sic] to
give you a full account of the Cochineal Jalap
and of what other Valuable Curriosities I may
meet with in this Expedition.
I assure your Honours it shall be my Sole
Cochineal r^ , • r^ • n . -r
Jalap. Care to give you the outmost Satisfaction I
possible can and not to begrudge any expence
in the purchase of a Valuable quantity of Jalap
Roots fitt for Cultivating Which if we can bring
to perfection will of itself prove a Valuable
Commodity, and the Climate of Georgia Corres
pond 's So much with that where it grows I
dont doubt of meeting with success in it.
I am Gentlemen with great Respect
Your Most Obedient &
Most Humble Serv'.
Rob : Millar.

Cobeespondencb 27

Thomas Stephens to Harman Verelst.

the Minerva.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Thos. Stephens to Mb. Habman Vebelst
Charles Town S° Carol" 10 Dec' 1737.
Sir This brings You the News of the safe Arrival
of our Persons at this Port I am sorry to write
otherwise of y* Ship Minerva & Goods Our
Passage was pretty good being just 8 Weeks
betwixt y* Downes & this fatal Barr where fall- ^^nen
ing in Wednesday Morning 7'" in fine Weather
& a good Wind a Pilot came on Board & imme
diately took the Care of the Ship upon him &
run her upon y" Breakers near a Mile to ye
Southward of y* Barr where She recd much
Damage & so did her Cargo valu'd at £ 15000 &
upwards tho' She is laying entire at y' Wharf
& unloading for She was beating 26 Hours to
gether upon a Hard Sand Assoon as we found
y' She Struck we fir 'd near 50 Guns as Signals
of disstress but y' Wind blowing off Land none
were heard in about two Hours Time we were
oblidg'd to pump & relieve one another as we
could which lasted near 6 Hours when finding
a Tide of Ebb no Wind nor Assistance of any
Kind & Night coming on the Seamen one & all
declar'd they would Stay on Board no longer
to hazard their Lives all the Passengers saving
2 or 3 having made their Escape about 2 Hours
before to a small Sloop y' came just then from
Cha Town bound for Providence & could not
anchor within a Mile of us so far were we driven
among the Breakers by this Time the Captain

28 Colonial Records

Thomas Stephens to Harman Verelst.

was in Despair of Saving any thing more than
his Life & a few small Things y' were of y"
greatest Value & most easily come at This was
about 6 in y" Evening when the rest of us left
her & I declare it I was afraid as the rest were
of the Masts coming down upon our Heads every
Minute the Sea rolling her from side to side &
breaking over her main Top & shaking her
Masts & Yards together The Captain thinking
it expedient to go aboard y" Sloop w' small
Things he had sav'd about 12 or 1 in y° morning
we found that She had most miraculously
Shifted her self over to y* North Breakers when

tial. inter- the Captain & all his Men went off to her again
& kept the Pumps going by this Time he had y*
Assistance of a few Hands from on Board Capt
Ball from Topsham who by the By behaved in
humanly upon the occasion for they might have
been aboard much soon' but chose rather to wait
for an Opportunity to go by themselves which
happened for 'em when She shifted I can say
nothing touching Captain Balls honour but his
men plunder 'd About Thursday noon many
Men were sent down & they keeping 5 Pumps
going could gain upon her a Little She having
8 foot Water in her Hold & then tow'd her up
I am just now come from on Board where I saw
them begin to unload her the Leaks being somw'
Stopt I had Need make an Apology for Under
taking to write an History of this kind & to do
it in so Lame a manner but I was not able to
write to so good Purpose in one Respect a few
hours ago till when I could not find any one
Article of the Hon"'* Trustees tho I had a Hand

Cobeespondencb 29

Thomas Stephens to Harman Verelst.

nerva cen
sured.

in Saving 'em from y* Deep such Confusion
were People in but now I have the Comfort to
write y' all the Letters & y* small Box directed
to M'. T. Causton are safe the other Goods fare
y" same fate of other Peoples nor can I say any
thing of 'em till they are inspected What makes ^f"™^^^^ "^
me endeavour to be as full & Clear as possible
in this Ace' is because the Trustees may possibly
be misinform 'd of some Things for I find y' the
Commander of the Minerva is pointed at by
some & his Conduct call'd in Question (because
he commands the Minerva I believe for he seems
to be envy'd) But Let that be as it will I would
not have given one Farthing for all y' was
aboard had it been ship'd upon any other Bot
tom in this Place & farther I may venture to
Say y' Captain Nicholson is quite undeserving
of Blame as my betters are ready to assert for
he assisted y* Pilot from y* Beginning who had
a fair Sight of the Beacon & I was at y* Putting
y* Compass upon the Deck for him w"*" brought
us from England & assoon as She Struck The
Capt. was for bringing her about & y* Pilot
commanded y* Helmsman & swore he would not
be foold so Tis to be observed y' we had a stiff
Gale of Wind at first which made y* Sea break
over the Barr & this was the Reason the Captain
was not more Resolute the Air being somw'
thick too

Capt. Avery is newly come from Georgia
where he left my Father well and the People y'
went with him
I hear y' the two Brothers Capt Thompson

30 Colonial Records

Extent of

Thomas Stephens to Harman Verelst.

had like to have far'd worse then the Minerva
upon y* same Spot had not She luckily met with
a Skillfull Pilot when aground & lueky She was
in meeting with a good one for I fear y* some
here are not so. Being driven to the last Min
ute to finish this Letter can say no more but
that I am S'. Your most humble Servant
Tho'. Stephens
Please to advise my
Friends of my being here
for I have no Time.
To M'. Harman Verelst

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Thos. Stephens to Harman Vebelst, Fubther
Account of the Mineeva
Charles Town 15 Dec' 1737.
Sir The Ship being detain 'd till now gives me an
Opportunity of writing You a Line with more
Deliberation than mine of y* 10'". The small
Arms have recd little Damage the Gun Powder
has recd more several Casks having a good Deal
of wet Powder in 'em tho ' in the whole I hope
damages. ^jjg Lpgg ^j] ^^^ ]^q great foT the Herrings are
judg'd to be hardly the worse for w' has hap
pend . To Morrow I shall sail with it all for

Cobeespondencb 31

Thomas Stephens to Harman Verelst.

Savannah together with M'. Amory & Gibbs's
Familys I am afraid Wathy's thoughts are bent
too much upon something else from an evil Re
port brought upon that good Land by one y'
came Passenger with us Indeed it had such an
Effect with 'em all y' I found them somew'
Stagger 'd in their Belief & that to such a Degree
y' both Masters & Servants did say at one Time
y' they would not go farther than this but I
prevail 'd with 'em at last to go & see the Place
least they should be impos'd upon & I dont
despair of M'. Watheys recovering his Senses
too. Jn°. Rigby ats Platrier has been very
troublsome & very busy in disswading them
from their good Purposes It seems he's kin to
Capt. Rigby y' commands y* Normington & was
one of his Mates I find y' he's a Sailor & acted
as such when aboard y* Minerva . The Bedding
for a Servant & things mention'd in mine of
the 10'" Oct' were afterwards found on Board
tho' now they are lost in y* Hurly burly People
are big with Hopes of Seeing the Generall here
shortly whom I wish a Prosperous Voyage & am
Sir Your most humble Servant
Tho' Stephens.

32 Colonial Records

William Stephens to Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Will Stephens to The Teustees, dated Dec.
20, 21, 25, 1737. Recd Maech 11 1737
Savannah 20 Dec: 1737.
Honourable Gentlemen
I had the honour to write you of the 26 Oct
from Charles Town, & from hence of the 2*. of
Nov"', both which I hope met with a safe con
veyance; tho' the last of them, w°" was sent
immediately hence on my arrival, came to
Charles Town too late to go by the same Ship
w'". the former, & was sent afterwards via Bris
tol by another. Having taken due precaution
before I left Charles Town to be timely informed
when the next first Ship would go for London,
I purposed then to begin such a regular Narra
tive of my proceedings here, as I apprehend is
expected, and shall endeavour punctually to
observe. But a sudden Emergency will not ad
mit of that Regularity I wishd ; my Duty oblidg-
ing me to break thro' it, least I should prefer
Method to Substance.
There having been a breach of Friendship
Break of Subsisting a pretty while between M'. Wesley
between Mr. and M'. Caustou, w* after various effects it
Wesley and 
Mr. Causton. produccd, at last animated M'. Wesley to leave
the Province, & go to Carolina, w'" intent to
make the best of his way for England. M'.
Causton from thence conceiving, y' he might
have some advantage in first representing his
case viva voce to the Trustees after such man-

COEBESPONDENCB 33

William Stephens to Trustees.

ner as to prepossess their Opinions ; thought it
behoved him to be as early as He (if possible)
in laying his Case before the hon"'*. Board also ;
and then willingly relying on their impartial
Judgments. Upon telling me his Intention, &
my saying y' we had got no advice of any Ship
being near upon sailing: he told me y' he re
solved nevertheless to send his papers to a
Friend in Charles Town, without loss of time,
fearing the worst, y' some opportunity might
be slipt. Upon this I thought it incumbent on
me also to write something to the same purpose
that might accompany it ; & therein observe such
matters, as I collected from the most unpreju
diced persons, of what passd relating to it be
fore I came, as well as lay before you the truth
of w' I have seen since.
'Tis universally known, y' the Difference be
twixt M'. Wesley and M'. Causton, arose this
Summer last past, & first broke out, upon M" ^i^^/-^^^^
Sophia Hopkins (Neice to M'. Causton) her *?Sia?%V
marriage with one M'. Williamson, a young
man, bred partly as a Clerk under his Uncle M'.
Jos Taylor of Bridewell, & sent over hither in
the Summer 1736 : whom M'. Causton observing
to have some good Qualifications, he employd
him in writing & transacting particular Busi
ness ; not publickly as a Clerk in the Stores, but
as a Domestick, whom possibly he might have a
confidence in, more than the ordinary Writers.
In which way I left him, when I returned for
England the latter end of y* last year : and from
thence ensued this conjunction; w"" proved a

34

Colonial Records

William Stephens to Trustees.

Mr. "Wesley
refuses her
the Sacra-

Mr. Wesley
indicted.

Disappointment to M'. Wesley, who had an In
tention of marrying her himself. It is to be
observed here, that M'. Wesley, who constantly
administred the Sacrament at the Church
weekly on Sundays, & generally on most Saints
days in the year, to such few as could be wrought
on to communicate so frequently, had at times
set apart for that purpose, in the Evening some
pious Women who resorted to his house for
Exhortation, and their better Edification;
among whom Miss Hopkins usually was one:
but after her marriage, neglecting so strict a
course of life, M'. Wesley wrote to her, admon
ishing her of her relapse from Duty, & per-
swading her to return to her former practice
of coming to those private meetings. This her
husband would not allow, but absolutely forbad
her assembling in that manner : and soon after,
upon her refusing so to do, (for w' other reason
I could not yet learn) when She came to the
next Communion, M'. Wesley refused her the
Sacrament: whereat her Husband enraged
brought his Action the next Court against M'.
Wesley for great Damages : to w* M'. Wesley
pleaded y' twas not cognizable, only before an
Ecclesiastical Court. Afterwards upon some
Affidavit made & a Court holden, a very full
Grand Jury was summond, consisting of 44 of
the Principal Inhabitants, without Distinction
of persons, as appeard plainly by the Sequel ;
for after a Charge given them to enquire into
all offences, & this Affair of M'. Wesleys among
the rest; they not only made a Presentment
against Mm, but also drew up a long Represen-

Cobeespondencb

William Stephens to Trustees.

Defies the

tation of Grievances (as they judged them)
wherein they were as free w'" M'. Causton as
any one. All which I understand was sent by
them to be laid before your Honours; and I
presume it is : wherefore it best becomes me to
say no more on that head; especially being of
matters past before I came ; & for y' reason can nSgistrates.
assert nothing but as tis reported. And now
Open Defiance seemed to be given out by M'.
Wesley on one part, & the Magistrates on
'tother, most of the Malecontents acceding to
M'. Wesley; & many others (I must say of the
best Note & distinction) strenuously adhering
to the Magistrates ; resolving at all adventures
to support them in y" exercise of their Authority
for the preservation of the whole, notwithstand
ing any personal Picque which possibly might
exist against either of 'em. In this miserably invoived^'^^
divided State did I find the Town at my arrival :
and how great soever M'. Wesleys Resentment
was against M'. Caustons Family, I was really
sorry to see it shewn in abetting an angry Sett
of people, against the Civil Magistrates, whom-
they appeared determined to overthrow (if pos
sible) at any rate: and the great Resort of those
Folks to M'. Wesleys House for advice, as well
as his frequent appearing in Court, & openly
espousing an opposition to the proceedings of
it (tho' it no way concemd himself) plainly
shewd him the Head of that Party. M'. Brad-
leys joyning them is the less to be wondered at,
from that irreconcileable difference which has
so long subsisted betwixt him and M'. Causton ;
to give a just Detail of which, would fill a Vol-

36

Colonial Rbcobds

William Stephens to Trustees.

Oglethorpe
absent.

Mr. Brad
ley's com
plaint.

ume; & is neither consistent with my present
necessary Brevity; nor can I take upon me to
unravel the whole, & put it in a just Light, with
out the hazard of injuring one or 'tother. M'.
Oglethorpe before his Departure hence, had a
full hearing of what each alledged; & 'twas
hoped his good advice, & the Directions w''" he
left, would have had due effect: but Enmity
soon broke out again, & has more and more
encreased ever since. I fear M'. Bradleys Aim
is an entire Independency; & consequently
wherever M'. Causton does not readily comply
with his Demands, he is offended. I was once
present on such an occasion since I came ; when
M'. Bradley set forth the hardships he sustained,
by having so great a Family to maintain, & M'.
Caustons witholding w' he had a just title to;
affirming y' the Trust was indebted to him above
£400 ster for his Servants work on their Lands,
besides many other articles. M'. Causton pro
duced Coppy of the Trust-agreement with him,
w''" he said he fulfilld in keeping his ace' open;
& was ready to supply him at any time with
Stores of all Sorts, upon M'. Bradleys only certi
fying to him twas for the Trustees Service.
M'. Bradley urged y' he wanted mony as well
as provisions ; and upon the others asking him
how much, he said less than £100 would do him
no Service: M'. Causton replyd y' the mony
sent him was so appropriated, y' he could not
go that length; but to shew his readiness to
assist him, he would stretch a point, & venture
to let him have £20; W=" M'. Bradley seemd to
despise & went off. Hence (as I take it) arises

Cobeespondencb 37

William Stephens to Trustees.

the Spring of M'. Bradleys uneasiness, thinking
M'. Causton does not do him Justice. But twill
require an impartial Inquisitor to lay open the
Truth, w"" appears too much perplexed for me
readily to unfold. My first care after my arri
val, was to appear wholly Neuter ; endeavouring
in all conversation to shew the great Injury
accruing to the Colony, by thus falling into
Partys, & thereby weakening our selves, when

Division into

we have need to unite. Several Familys I took fn^tife*^"^'
upon me to visit, whom I had formerly known ° °^^'
well affected, but lately led aside by the artifice
of others, who (I prevailed with some of 'em to
believe) only made use of 'em as Tools to serve
their own Ends : assuring them y' the Trustees
Ears were always open to any complaints; w°"
if well founded they would most readily redress ;
but if they went another way to work, thinking
to take the power of rectifying what they
thought amiss, into their own hands, they would
certainly find themselves mistaken. By these
means I began to find I had made some impres
sion ; & to conceive good hopes I should see all
this Ferment subside again in time ; & the Mis
led people drop those who imposed on them by
filling their heads w'" false Tales & idle sugges
tions. Whilst things stood thus, a private Inter
view happend betwixt M'. Wesley and M'. Cans- pri^^te
ton ; w* being present at myself, I noted it in ''^t^rview.
my Journal of the 23* of November, and which I
here make a Transcript of.

"1

'Nov: 23. M'. Wesley having sent to M'.
"Causton for a Coppy of some papers occa-

38

Colonial Recoeds

William Stephens to Trustees.

Mr. Wesley
more tem
perate.
Mr. Causton
more favor
able to rec
onciliation.

'sion'd by their falling out; M'. Causton sent
' him word y' if he would come to him, or give
'him an opportunity of a few Words, he would
' give him coppys of any thing he asked ; & M'.
'Wesley thereupon sending him word he would
'wait on him after dinner, M'. Causton desired
'me to be present & hear what passd. When
'they met, some marks of resentment were
' easily discoverable from their words, as might
'be expected betwixt 2 people at variance, re-
' criminating on each other; wherein I really
' thought M'. Causton most vehement, alledging
'high provocations (too long to insert here)
'w''" I presume he lays fully open before the
' Trustees ; as tis likewise to be presumed M'.
'Wesley does on his. part. What I thought
'most worth my observing therefore was, that
'tho' the Parson appeared more temperate in
'the Debate, yet he shewd a greater aversion
'to a Coalition than the other; for M'. Causton
'very readily told him (after the first heat was
'over) y' to shew his disposition to an accom-
'modation, he should find him come to Church
'again, and willing to pass over several things
'that seemd to obstruct a good understanding
'with one another: but no such advances were
'made (as I could find) by M'. Wesley: who by
'his Replys seemd to be of opinion y' a Recon-
'ciliation was hardly possible. However, from
' w' had happened, I hoped this beginning might
'lead on to a farther Step the same way, & end
'well at last. They parted with mutual Civili-
'tys.

Cobeespondencb 39

William Stephens to Trustees.

Aifter this had passd, the very next morning
M'. Wesley fixd up an Advertisement pilblickly ^epl^|l^%
to declare his intention of going soon for Eng- the Trus
tees.
land ; which indeed surprized me ; & shewd that
no coalition now could ever be expected; & the
following Transcript of my Journal of the 2* &
3* of Dec fully relates all y' I can say of him
more. 'Dec: 2. This being the day of M'. Wesley
'intended going off, the Magistrates met, & he
'sent them a very short letter of 2 lines, un-
' sealed, acquainting them that some matters of ^nd^wh^
' moment required his waiting on the Trustees ; ufleT^ to °°'
'& he desired to know if they had any design Ifc'^we^iey
'to stop him: to which they returned a verbal 51™^'^ *°
'answer by the same messenger, importing that
' since he did not think fit to enter into a Becog-
'nition for his appearing at the Court, to
'answer w' was there alledged against him,
'they could not give, up the authority of the
'Court. After which, they fixed up publick
'notice to all Constables & Tythingmen, in case
'he attempted to go off, to apprehend him, or
'any person who should aid and assist him
' therein.
'Dec. 3. Notwithstanding all the precaution y'
'was taken, 'twas known this morning that M'.
'Wesley went off in the night, & with him Mr. wesiey
' Coates a Constable, Gough a Tythingman, & might, taking
'one Campbel a Barber. This surprized most companions.
'people (even many of those who wishd him
'best) that he should take such Company with
'him : for there could scarce be found men more

40

Colonial Records

William Stephens to Trustees.

Some of the
offences committed
by his com
panions in
flight.

' obnoxious : Coates more especially was, & had
' been a long while, one of the principal Foment-
'ers of all mischief; a busy Fellow, • always
'taking upon him in Court to be an Advocate &
' Pleader for any Delinquent ; going from house
' to house with idle Storys, to fill peoples heads
'w'" Jealousys; & distinguishing himself for a
'most inveterate Opposition to all Rules of
'Government: all w*" was evident to myself,
'as well from w' I had observed when here
'formerly, as more especially now since my
' arrival : moreover he was greatly accountable
'to the Trust in divers articles, as well as
'indebted to many people: & to add to all this
'he had never improved one foot of Land since
'he came to the Province, or built any thing
'more than a very mean Hutt in the Town.
'Gough was also an idle fellow, pert & impu-
'dent in his Behaviour, always (of late) kicking
'against the Civil Power, & making it his busi-
'ness to inflame a Sedition: he likewise had
'little to shew of any Improvement, more than
'setting up the shell of a house, w'" he never
'finishd, tho (if I am rightly informed) he has
'rec* considerable Favours to enable him; &
'now went off in many peoples Debt, leaving a
'Wife & Child behind, who even in this forlorn
'State scarcely grieve at his absence, since he
' used to beat them more y" feed 'em. Campbell
'was an insignificant loose fellow, fit for any
'Leader who would make a Tool of him; & all
'the visible Motive, at present to be found for
'his going off, was in so doing to escape his
' Creditors. As I was always ready & willing.

Correspondence 41

William Stephens to Trustees.

"in conversation or otherwise, to make allow-
"ances for M'. Wesleys Failings or Mistakes in
"Policy, & (out of respect to his Function)
"carefull not to run hastily into an entire Belief
"of all y' I heard laid to his charge ; I was now
"asked by divers, in a sneering way, what my
"Sentiments were of him, w°" indeed puzzled
"me. Noscitur ex Socys was the common By:
"word; & all I had to say was, y' he must stand
' ' or fall by himself, when his Cause came before
"the Trustees.
I think it a misfortune upon me at present,
that the host used now to accompany M'. Caus
tons Packet, will not allow me to send a full
Coppy of my Joumal; wherein I have been so
minutely particular in most cases, as to swell it
(I fear) to too large a Volume, but I hope very
soon to send it entire as 'tis, together with what
other affairs were given me in charge, in as
short a time as the perfecting those affairs will
admit of.
Nevertheless I must not let this go without
observing y'[l am sorry to find here another Sett
of people, whom I must also rank under the Mai^con-
name of Malecontents lin one respect, tho' far
differing from those before mentioned in any
other ; for [they have given evident proof of
their readiness to support the Civil Power in
their due execution of Justice ; & shew an abhor-
ence of all tumultuous courses : these men how
ever, I am apprehensive may be the occasion of
great mischief, by their exclaiming against the
Tenure of their Lands, & the Losses they sus-

tents.

42 Colonial Records

William Stephens to Trustees.

tain for want of Negros ; unless we can happily
sooth 'em into better temper. Those are the 2
Topicks of their discourse at all times and
places; which influences others to think alike
with 'em ; and I doubt too many are caught w'"
such Opinions. Upon several conferences w'"
some of the Principal of them, who were most
warm in enumerating their losses, by the death
of white Servants, y" charge of Doctors Bills, &
their Crops not answering, whereby they en
deavoured to make it appear they had run out
great part of their Substance, & could bear it
no longer, but were designing to quit the
Colony : I so far prevailed w'" 'em to consider
a little farther before they acted so rashly; y'
at length they seemd determined to make a rep
resentation of their case to the hon"'* Trustees,
SfiSS** & try if They would condescend to consider
their hard case (as they call it). I told 'em I
did not apprehend y' twould give offence to lay
anything before Your Honours, which was a
real Grievance, such as they were inevitable
sufferers by ; for I was sure you meant nothing
but Good to them all: but then (I said) it would
behove 'em to state plain Facts only & not pre
scribe remedys, w=" undoubtedly would not be
pleasing ; for that You only were proper Judges
what cure to apply, wherever you saw the case
required it. I am not yet informed whether they
have perfected such a Representation or not;/
or if they have, whether they intend to send it
without my privity. In my next I shall take
the freedome to offer a few Characteristicks,
w'" I conceive appertain to several of 'em. I

Correspondence 43

William Stephens to Trustees.

had the Satisfaction within few days past of
being told by M'. Williams, who is one of the
Chief, a very stirring active man, & who has
thrown out a good deal of mony in Improve
ments, in expectation of a Return ; that he had
now determined with himself to try one year
more, & see what he could do ; still hoping that
the Trustees would take these things into con
sideration, before he had gone too far past re
covery. What some others of less merit, but
not less clamour, intend, I expect to know soon ;
& shall then be more explicit in what I write.
Another 'thing I should be inexcusable to
omit: & that is the Deficiency at present of Deficiency of
Divers, who were invested with powers of act- ^"t^y
ing, as well in a Civil as Military Capacity. M'.
Darne, one of the Magistrates, was dead before
I came: M'. Parker, whom I take to be a plain
honest rational man, is thereby tyed down to a
more constant attendance in Town, than his
Country affairs will permit, w'" out great Loss ;
which I perceive makes him a little uneasy, but
no ways complaining; & he is truly active in
preserving the Peace of the Place, and doing
Justice to the best of his power. M'. Vander-
plank, the first Constable, after a long sickness
is newly dead; who was also an active man in
his Duty and a good Officer. Coates the next
Constable, run away with M'. Wesley, as I have
said. M'. Jones, y* next, who is also Surveyor,
is seldome in Town; And M'. Fallowfield, the
4'"., was of late grown Chagrin, on some little
picque, too long and triffling to make a Tale of

44

Colonial Records

William Stephens to Trustees.

PublicGarden.

The wreck
ed ship.

here; so y' the Magistrates had a sort of diffi
dence of him : but as I had once a Familiarity
with him, & know his temper, that at least he is
a Well Wisher to the Colony, & an industrious
active man, deserving Countenance & encour-
agem'; upon a little talk with him now & then,
& shewing him what I thought his Interest, he
was easily inclined to believe so ; & I am of
Opinion he is returnd to his former temper &
way of thinking. These things I humbly appre
hend your honours will think worthy your De
liberation, that the hands of the Magistrates
may not be weakend, nor the Militia defective
in proper Officers.
Your Public Garden at present has a Melan
cholly Aspect; continuing much in the same
State as M'. Anderson found it, or as it was
left by Peircy when he went off; without any
cultivation since of any Note ; w"" in a little time
would make it desolate: but I understand M'.
Anderson waits Your Honours Directions about
it, in answer to what he wrote, 'ere he under
takes it: and then 'tis to be hoped something
will be done: at present he employs himself
wholly on his cultivation of Land about 3
miles off.
There was a current Report for several days,
occasion 'd by a Boat accidentally coming from
Ch : Town, w'" some small Wares for a Market,
by w°" we could learn nothing with certainty ; y'
a Ship at the time of that Boats coming away,
was stranded upon the Bar, coming in there,
w'=" was supposed to be Cap' Nicholson ; but that

Cobbbspondence

William Stephens to Trustees.

all the people were saved (among whom I ex
pected my Son) ; and on the 18'" (not sooner) I
got the truth of it, by a Sloop w'hich came from
thence, bound for y* Island of Providence; &
was to make a short stop in this River by the
way, on account of a Person here concerned in
her Fraught: which Sloop coming out of that
Harbour at the time of Cap' Nicholsons Dis
tress, took all the people on board out of the
Ship; carried 'em into Charles Town; & soon
after, sailing again; my Son wrote me by her:
from whom I am advised, y' thro ' the Ignorance
of y* Pilot the Ship ran ashore upon the South
Breakers % a mile from the Bar ; where after
She had lain beating for 26 hours, & the people
all in perill of their lives (at which time this
Sloop came to their relief) the Ship beyond all
expectation workd her self off; & by the help
of Numbers of Boats and Men, was towd into
Harbour: but all her Cargo exceedingly dam-
a.ged. The Goods intended for Georgia from
the Trust, he hopes will most of 'em be saved, Ammuni-
among w°" he reckons 2 Cases of small Arms,
Ammunition, &c; & he believ'd he should come
at y"" in few days ; tho the water got in so fast,
y' 4 Pumps gained but little upon her ; he tells
me that a small Box of great Value directed to
M'. Causton is safe; w°" is good News. His own
loss (he says) is not great; but was in a Hurry
to save what might be ; for many things in the
Ship were stollen, under such confusion, &
afterw*^ in y* Sloop too : and assoon as he had
secured what he could, he would make the best
of his way hither: so I look for him every day;

tion saved.

46 Colonial Recoeds

William Stephens to Trustees.

his letter bearing date the 9'". when the Sloop
was upon coming off, which was 8 days on her
passage by Sea to this place. What letters came
by Cap'. Nicholson for this Province, or in
whose hands they are, he says nothing of. M'.
Hopton, who acts for M'. Jennys 's Widow,
writes me much to the same purpose ; & advises
me (as I desired him) of several Ships being
near ready to sail for England ; so y' I now wait
only till M'. Caustons Dispatches are ready, that
this may go with them. M'. Hopton is a man
of good Character; very ready to oblidge; and
shews a great desire to be serviceable to the
Trust: He is the Principal Correspondent I
confide in there at present.
Upon this Occasion I must beg leave to take
notice of the great Inconvenience w'=" this Colony
aSd%re-" labours under at present, by reason of so un
certain & precarious an Intercourse w'" our
Neighbours at Carolina. If any sudden Emer
gency requires a letter to be sent to Charles
Town, w"" might be of great Service to the Pub
lick; unless a Boat is hired on purpose (when
Men & Boat must both be paid for at a dear rate
w=" cannot well be justifyd unless in the greatest
extremity) probably we may wait a fortnight,
or more, before any opportunity offers of con
veyance : when That is found, the Master of the
Boat to whose care 'tis committed perhaps neg
lects to deliver it some days after his arrival;
or it may be (if a drunken fellow) loses it;
whereof there are divers Instances: but sup
posing the best, that the letter is delivered in

Intercourse uncertain
and pre
¦carious.

Cobeespondencb 47

William Stephens to Trustees.

Remedy

due time; the person whom 'twas wrote to, is
as much to seek how to return an answer; the
same difficulty lying in the way, & the same
hazard attending it : allowing, after all no such
accident to happen; at best we must think it
quick Dispatch, if upon sending a letter thither
by such Chance-conveyance, an answer is ob
tained in 3 weeks time, w* is very discouraging, s^^ggfsted.
To remedy this I beg leave to propose that a
light rowing Boat, w'". 4 or 6 Oars, might be
allowd to attend that Service, when needfull;
which at all times in reasonable weather, might
be expected to go thither, do what tis sent to
do, and return within land the same week. I
humbly apprehend 'twould be hard to find a
people any where, so numerous as this is now,
without some such like Appendage. Neverthe
less I would be cautious of offering at any
encrease of Charge ; being confirmed in my own
private Judgment, 'twould rather be a saving
than Addition: for excepting the first cost of
the Boat, w"" perhaps might be £15 or 16, the
annual charge would hardly be discerned; sup
posing the men Rowing to be actually already
Servants of the Trust who, assoon as the Boat
comes home returns to their publick Work
again; & tis well known there sometimes hap
pens indispensable Necessity on weighty occa
sions of sending Boats to & fro, hired at an
excessive rate; which must undoubtedly pre
ponderate this expence, y' would answer the
same End. — Here also I might observe to you
how unhandsomely you have divers times been
used by our Neighbours, in opening your Pack-

48 Colonial Records

William Stephens to Trustees.

etts & letters for this Province ; w* is so notori
ous, y' I am pretty well assured, some of the
Assembly men there have not scrupled to ac
knowledge it : which renders all Correspondence
with your People here exceeding hazardous ; &
consequently it behoves us highly, to be well
aware to whose care we commit any letter for
England from hence. 'Tis not long since M'.
Causton showd me, a Packett he had just then
rec* from M'. Eveleigh, of Charles Town,
wherein was only enclosed a letter of yours to
, him (M'. Causton) w"" came by Cap' Scott of
the Seaf orth in May last, broke open, tho ' sealed
w'" 3 Seals, & now sent in that manner enclosed
in a Blank Cover, without one word about it;
or any excuse, either for its being opend, or
delayed to be sent. It was the original letter,
whereof M'. Causton had rec* a Duplicate some
months after by another Ship. But I say no
more of that ; assuring my self these Evills will
be cured soon, by those who will reside there.
Col. Brough- with Power sufficient to do it. Neither (I nre-
ton. Lieu. ^ ^
l^or^T"' sume) need I take upon me to acquaint you y'
Colonel Broughton, the late Lieu'. Governour,
dying towards the latter End of Nov"'., Coll.
Bull was proclaimed President of the Councell,
to act in his Stead till another is appointed: his

Carolina.

procia^med^^ good disposition to this Colony has always been
CaroUna. valucd. Mess'= Horton from Frederica, & Mcintosh
from Darien came hither about 8 days since, in
order to settle acc'= of Stores with M'. Causton,
& are both newly returnd again: it was with

Cobeespondencb 49

William Stephens to Trustees.

Reports from

great pleasure I heard from M'. Horton so good
an ace' of that part of y* Province ; where they
were so healthy y' they had not buryed one man
since M'. Oglethorpe left 'em ; and that the peo- ^^'''e^-
pie were orderly and industrious on their Lands.
M'. Macintosh also reported y' the people with
him were diligent & well content; & y' divers
of them had 20 Bushells of Corn upon an acre,
in return for their labour; w'^" was a great
encouragem' ; especially when the Crops of Corn
have so universally almost failed in all the
Neighbouring Provinces. I wish I could say as
much in favour of this part of the Country ; w*"
I shall write a particular account of in my next.
Cap' Thomson from Scotland arrived at this
Town the 20'" ulf""; & all well aboard; with the
loss of only one Old man, a Woman, & little
Child, in their Voyage : but was in great danger
on the Coast of Carolina; where he struck on
a Bank, & happily got off again, without any
Damage. The Number of his Company, & how
they are disposed of, shall also come with other
Lists, as required, ^ next. He is now prepar
ing to sail for Charles Town, in hopes to get a
Fraught home from thence.
As I purpose to let another letter quickly
follow this, I forbear extending it to a greater
length, fearing to be tiresome.
I am Honourable Gentlemen
Your Most Obedient humble Servant
Will: Stephens.
Dec. 21

Arrivals.

50 Colonial Records

William Stephens to Trustees.

Lack of har-

P. s.
After concluding the above letter. Cap' Hew-
ett in the Three Sisters arrived here, leaving
his Ship full of Palatines at Tybee; he came
last from Charles Town, where he was oblidged
mes.*^""' to go for safety about 10 days since, after
having been off our Bar 24 hours, & firing Guns
for a Signal: but no Boat coming off, he bore
away, not daring to venture in without one. It
is great Pity we often hear of Vessels intending
to put in here, that pass by for the same reason.
Time will not permit me now to give a full ace'
of all that is done relating to the people he
brings ; being oblidged to hasten away our let
ters for Charles Town, where some Ships are
ready for sailing to England; as I have lately
rec* advice thence.
I have the satisfaction before I close this, to
acquaint you, that my Son (whom I waited with
impatience to see) is just arrivd from Charles
Town in a Skooner, from whence he sailed on
Sunday last (the 18'".) w'" the Passengers de
signed for this place, all well; and the several
Goods are all come ; but not without some dam
age: the particulars whereof he tells me he
wrote to M'. Verelst by the Betty Gaily that
saild from Ch: Town whilst he was there.
Dec. 23. It is so long since as the latter end of
last month y' we had advice by M'. Paris of
Carolina (who came here) of a letter being
wrote by a Gentleman Passenger at Sea bound
from the Havannah for England: which letter
M'. Paris told us was directed to M'. Oglethorpe

Correspondence 51

William Stephens to Harman Verelst.

here, or in his absence to the Commander in
Chief; dated in Aug, & put on board the Ship
Samuel (Cap' Percy) at Sea, w* was bound for
Pensylvania, & thence to Charles Tiown that
there was such a letter came by Cap'. Percy,
M'. Paris was positive in ; having seen another
letter from another Passenger on board the
same Ship to his Friend at Charles Town,
wherein this other Letter was referd to, as im
porting great News &c. M'. Causton has just
now rec* that letter, w"" imports great News
indeed, if it might be relyd on : but as he sends
Coppy of it to your Honours, who know best w'
Judgment to Make of it, twould be impertinent
in me to offer any thing upon it. But I cant j,j „ga,g8
avoid taking notice of the intolerable Usage we Carolina.
have so often met with from Carolina, in stop
ping or suppressing any letters for this place
as they please.

To the honourable
the Trustees for establishing the Colony
of Georgia in America.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
William Stephens to Harman Verelst, Ac
count TO the Honoble Trustees.
Savannah 21 Dec. 1737.
S'. I wrote you of the 2* of Nov"' from hence, as
also of the 26 Oct' from Cha : Town. By what I
herewith send addressd to the Trustees, you'll

52 Colonial Records

Servajnts.

William Stephens to Harman Verelst.

be so fully informed of all I can yet write, y' I
shall not need to enlarge upon it again; but
hope very soon to be more particular in many
things; as well what is required of me by my
Instructions, as what I may otherways think
worth observing : wherein I shall be plain, with
out respect of persons, whose names may be
used. Allow me therefore the liberty, from the Con
fidence you raised in me of your Friendship by
the many Instances I found of it when together,
to write in a familiar way, by Descending to
such things as possibly may occurr to my
thoughts in time coming, relating to my self.
You'll please to remember, in my letter to
you from Graves End, among other Serv". &c,
in the List w°" you asked me to certify were on
board Cap' Shubrick, I set down one Jn" Ewing
as a servant to the Trust ; & you may also call
to mind y' one Timothy Randolph, a young Hail
fellow of about 20 years of age, was indented to
me in your presence at the Office. Upon my
coming here I found I had not one Servant
among my few, who knew any thing about the
work to be taken in hand: wherefore, under
standing upon our Passage, y' the aforesaid
John Ewing had been abroad before in some of
the Plantations, & knew a little w' was to be
done about falling of Trees & fencing the
Ground; Tho' he was an old fellow, and ap
peard not of equal Strength with the others;
yet apprehending he might be some-how usefull
to me for the reason given, I took the liberty to

COREESPONDENCE 53

William Stephens to Harman Verelst.

reckon him here among my Servants, and as-
signd over Tim Randolph to the Trust, whom
any indifferent person would think more eligi
ble, on ace' of his Youth & Strength. I am sure
I have not herein injured the Trust, for such an
Exchange is no Robbery: nevertheless I would
by no means conceal it, but rather seek the
allowance of the Trustees, thro ', your represent
ing it to them naked & undisguised as 'tis; &
shall esteem their approbation a favour.
You had the Story of my virtuous House
keeper in my former ; wherein I think I promised
to inform you & her Father farther about it in
my next: wherefore I have enclosed those val
uable Manuscripts w"" our Voyage produced,
rough as they are, not thinking them worth my
pains of transcribing, nor probably will you
think em worth your reading : they are sufficient
to shew her poor Father how things went. I
presume She is in the same way I left her at
Ch : Town, where I hope She may do well if She
behaves well.
Upon Cap' Thomsons arrival, I rec* 3 High
landers, instead of 6 y' I expected; so that my
number here now was 7 ; but my Son (who ar
rived here this minute I am writing) has one
w'" him, & 2 more he says are to come by the
Georgia Pink; all which is owing to your care
for me, & requires due acknowledgment : I only
wish the other two may be more promising than
this, who tells me he was never used to work,
but on the Water; & would like to be so em
ployd: wherefore I'll try to make the best of

54 Colonial Recoeds

William Stephens to Harman Verelst.

him, by getting an exchange, if I hear of any
fit place for him, where such an exchange may
better suit all Partys.
Dec: 22.) Your Favour of the 10'" of Cct' is
now before me ; the Contents of which shall care
fully be observed: but as great part of it re
quires some time for due consideration, before
I can send a proper answer; & our letters now
are upon hast, to get timely enough for an early
Ship going fpr England; I hope I shall stand
excused till the next opportunity; w°" I expect
will not be far off.
What you are pleased to advise me of, con
cerning the Regiment his Maj''' has order'd for
Georgia, under the Comand of M'. Oglethorpe,
OTd^ererby is vcry pleasing news to all that hear it in this
Country; & the Lieu' Collonel & Major's Names
give me particular delight, whose Characters
are so well known, y' their Comander in Chief
will find himself (I hope) provided w'" expert
Field Officers. I should have been glad to have
had a word or two also about the Lieu'. Gov
ernour of Carolina, & y' our Friend at W : Hall
was declared such, after so long talk of it : but I
still hope the next News from England will con
firm it; & by what he is so kind to write me
himself, I am the more encouraged to think so.
The several enclosed I readily put into your
hands, assuring my self of their being duly dis
posed of whether by the Post or otherwise, as
intended ; and whatever trouble of the like kind
any of my Friends may give you, for a safe

BUs Majesty.

Cobeespondencb 55

Thomas Causton to Trustees.

conveyance to me, I am confident you'll forgive
& make effectual. Wishing a happy New Year
to You and Yours I remain
S'.
To Your most assured humble Serv'.
M'. Harman Verelst Will : Stephens.
Accomptant to the hon"'*. Tmstees for
Elstablishing the Colony of Georgia.
A common Sheet Almanack would be acceptable.

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Thos. Causton to the Teustees eecd Maech 11
1737
To the Honoble the Tmstees for establishing
Georgia in America.
Gentlemen A long illness having Seized M'. Williamson,
whom I formerly mentioned to be employed in
transcribing my journall has occasion 'd its
Delay; w". will not (I hope) happen again.
As I have treated each matter Avith all the
exactness and justice I can, I hope no expres
sions whatever will be taken as partiallity and
very unhappy should I be in the attempt if Cen
sured as such.
I am sensible the Designs of ill Disposed per
sons are too Subtilly laid and often executed, 113'°"'
Beyond the power of Truth with all its force to
guard against them.
Your Honours Approbation of any part of

56 Colonial Recoeds

Crops.

Thomas Causton to Trustees.

my conduct, is a great Satisfaction, and indeed
comforts me. I assure you, I shall always think
it my Duty to Add my Mite of fidelity towards
the good Success of this Colony.
The journall to the 24'". of June now waits
on you attended With the severall papers re
ferred to.
As to the particular progress in the Cultiva
tion of Lands I doubt not, but M'. Bromfield has
fully enform'd you, having assisted in what I
knew. But people here, Vary much in their
Opinions, and there are some (whose names you
will know by M'. Stephens who Are fully Sent
to terrifye and Discourage every One in that
matter. As this Letter cannot be long : by reason of a
Safe passage w*. CoUon*. Stephens tells me now
waits I must referr to my next, wherein I shall
treat this, and other matters mentiond in my
journall more largely.
It is certain that this year's Crop of Corn are
very small, but as the like ill Success attends
Carolina I am in hopes to retrieve the Peoples
Spirritts by a necessary Support ; of those that
continue to Cultivate their Lands.
Be pleased to beleive that my whole Study
and desire is effectually to execute your Orders,
And to prove during the Remainder of my days,
that I am Yo' most Oblig'd and most
Dutifull Serv'.
T. Causton.
Savannah Decem. 23'*. 1737.

Cobeespondencb 57

Thomas Stephens to Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Thos. Stephens to Haeman Verelst
Savannah 23* Dec'. 1737.
S'. Upon my arrival at Charles Town I waited
upon M'. Wragg hoping to find Credit which
You were so good to promise You would give
but I presume thro ' y* Hurry of Bussiness You
forgot it wherefore under y* Difficultys y* I then
was & the Necessity of my Attendance in that
Town upon so unfortunate Occasion I presumed
to take £50 Curr°=' of M'. Wragg whish he readily
furnish 'd me with I hope 'twill not be thought
extravagant but w' the Hon"'* Trustees will be
so good to approve of I wrote You y* Particu
lars of our Misfortune y° 10'" from thence by
the Betty Gaily Capt Winster.
I presume M'. Wragg acquaints You himself
of his hiring a Scooner to bring us hither it
being his Opinion y* Considering y* Weather the
Goods would have been lialDle to have been
Spoil 'd in an open Peryagua & y* Season
exposed to y* Rigour of y" Season
I am Sir Your most humble Servant
Tho' Stephens.

58 Colonial Records

Thomas Hawkins to Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Thos. Hawkins to Haeman Vebelst, eepoeting.
health conditions. Frederica y* 10 January 1737.
S'. I desire you would do me the Favour of
Accquainting the Honb'*. the Trustees that I
have herewith Inclos'd an Invoice of Druggs
Necessary for the Several Persons employ'd in
their Honours Service in this Southern Divis-
sibn of Georgia. I have but few druggs that
are of use here having had great demands of
Late I have ben very Spareing in the quantity
having found a great decay in the quality of
Medicines by Keeping them (tho but a Short
time) Please to inform their Honours that I
have lost but two Patients at Darien Since my
Last to M'. Varelst, notwithstanding Scarce one
has Escaped an Illness and many Yet remain in
a DoubtfuU Way. The People at S' Andrews
are much Better and we have none 111 at
Frederica. I beg my humble Duty to their Honours and
please to Assure them that no Care shall be
wanting in their most
Obedient and
Dutifull / Humble Servant,
Thomas Hawkins.
To M'. Herman Varelst
at
the Georgia Office
Westminster.

Cobeespondencb 59'

Thomas Causton to Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Thos. Causton to the Teustees. Received &
BEAD 12 Apbil 1738
To the Honoble the Trustees for establishing
Georgia in America.
Gentlemen Captain Thompson arrived here the 16'" of
November, with whom came the severall Serv
ants and Passengers as ^ List enclos'd.

Servants ar-
and of.

Having sent the 40 Servants whom you par
ticularly order'd for the Darian, In further dillosld
pursuance of your Honours Orders I also sent
thither, the Chiefest part of those other Serv
ants which the Captain brought at the Owners
Risque; The particular Dispositions of which
are inclos'd
I also enclose Accounts of the Stores which I
have reced of him as Shipt, either in England
or Scotland.
M'. Hossaoh having by his Letter (a Coppy
of which is enclos'd) recomended M'. John
Broadie as a Setler in this Province, I have
endeavour 'd to accomodate him in the best man
ner I could ; He has brought with him
Servants ; He is setled in a new Village on the
Western Road, which had been ordered to be John Broad-
sett out before M'. Oglethor" left this place. As servants.
he was not able to answer to the Captain the
charges of their passage. They are included
among the Number of Serv". Shipt at the Own-

60

Colonial Records

Thomas Causton to Trustees.

Mr. War
wick.

George Fos
ter and his
servants.

ers Risque, for which I have given my Receipt
to the Captain; I have therefore their Inden
tures, and he agreed that Six of them should be
employ'd in your Service, the pay of whom, is
to answer in his Account for said Passage, and
such other necessarys as I shall be obliged to
Supply him with, for his further support in the
Cultivation of his Land. Those 6, having been
hitherto employd on the Roads, He seems a very
Sober man, and with the Remainder of his Serv
ants is very diligent in his Improvements on his
Settlement. M'. Warwick, who arriv'd by the same Ship,
with a Grant of 50 Acres of Land at or near
Savannah, has made his choice to Settle in the
same Village with M'. Broadie, and Seems very
industrious; At his arrivall he complain 'd, that
the tediousness of the Voyage had occasion 'd
him to be at great expences whereby he was
much Straitened in his circumstances ; I thought
therefore (as it was necessary, and might be
an encouragm'. to his Industry) it would not be
disagreable to you, if I assisted him. The
imediate Expence of which, is charged in Cap
tain Thompson's Account and I have further
promised to Creditt him with Provisions and
necessarys so long as he continues his Industry
in the Cultivation of his Land.
M'. George Foster who came by the same
Ship had Indented to himself three other Serv
ants from Scotland. He delivered me your
Orders for a 50 Acre Lott at Frederica. In
obedience to which, I propos'd to him an Imedi-

COEEESPONDENCE 61

Thomas Causton to Trustees.

ate Passage thither, with 2 Servants that were
indented to him in England, And that as he
could not pay for the other 3 Servants they
should be employ'd in Your Service and thereby
to clear their own passage, and what remained
due for the Servants which he had brought from
England, As also such further creditt as he
would necessarily want at Frederica for his
Support. Whether by falling into ill Company,
or thro' a want of a proper Resolution, or both,)
I could not bring him to any certainty; He
wanted 2 of the Servants which he had brought
from Scotland (a man & his wife) and one of
those which he brought from England to have
gone with him, and to have left with me, One
man and one woman. As I found his thoughts
sett upon experiments only, and that he was of
too Volatile a temper to make any considerable
Progress. I thought it necessary to consider
how farr the Security to be left in my hand
would be able to answer for the Creditt given
him, and therein finding that besides the present
expence of £40- for the passages of his Servants,
there would be within the Compass of a year
(with the utmost frugality) £40 more, which
also might be doubled, should he also live in the
same manner, as some others have done; con
cerning w*". I had little reason to expect other
wise ; I therefore advis 'd him to adhere to those
measures only, which he sett out with from
England, to quitt his claim to those Servants he
had Shipt at Scotland, since as they were 2
women and but one man, they would be an In
cumbrance to him, And so proceed to Frederica

62 Colonial Recoeds

Thomas Causton to Trustees.

with his 2 English Servants where he should be
Supported as necessity required, he repaying
the Store there in Soap or such other Comoditys
as he should make. But an Indolent, uncertain
Humour has too much prevailed, with him; He
fell in Company with M'. Paris and some others
of the Carolina People who I am inform 'd gave
him an Invitation thither and he accordingly
left the 2 English Servants in my Service, and
has made a Tour thither.
M'. Thomas Upton who also with his wife
arriv'd by the same Ship had procur'd 5 Serv-
Thos. Upton aiits to be indented to him in Scotland ; At their
¦ervants. Arrivall he delivered me a Letter containing
your Orders, that he should have 150 Acres of
Land sett him out at the Southward; I for
warded him as soon as possible to Frederica
and acquainted M'. Horton that he had such
Grant. He also complain 'd to me as M'. War
wick had done, and for the same reasons was
unabe to pay the passage of those Servants he
had so indented. Believing it my Duty to facili
tate every ones affairs who seem desirous to
Succeed well in their Undertakings, his 5 Serv
ants are also included in the number of those
at the Owners Risque, and for his immediate
assistance sent with him 2 more and one woman
Servant, and he agreed that in regard to the
Creditt of the passage of the 5 Servants and
such other necessarys which he stood in need
of beyond the Sume of £30 which his friends
were to pay to Your Honours the other two
Servants should be left here and employ'd in

Cobbbspondence 63

Thomas Causton to Trustees.

your Service, I therefore sent them to the Saw
Mill at Ebenezer.
M'. Horton having since inform 'd me, that
M'. Upton has made some progress on his Set
tlement, and seem'd to be very industrious, I
have at his Request sent his 2 other Servants
to him.
The Severall Servants and goods (as ^
Coppy of Invoice) sailed for the Darian from
this place the 23*. of November and M'. Upton
and Samuel Smallwood sailed for Frederica the
25'" and I have advice from the respective places
that they all arrived safe and in good health.
Lieiutenant MPkintosh .has been 'since here
and has delivered me his Ace', of Stores ; As I
found it necessary to put it in some other form
to make the Account plain and compleat, I ad
vis 'd him in what manner it should be done. —
And I expect that he will return it me by the
Messenger who is now there.
Captain Thompson hath given me an Account
of the great Sincerity and Diligence with which
M'. Hossack has behav'd notwithstanding the
Opposition he mett with. Of which, I make no
doubt but you are sufficiently acquainted — But
I hope I may be excused from saying any thing
particular at a Second hand, which he is able
to inform you of himself.
As I am sensible the Steady execution of
justice, adds much to the Reputation of any
Country, I shall not fail to have a Strict regard
to that part of it, where Servants may be at

64 Colonial Recobds

Mrs. Causton to the Trustees.

any time conceived; And as I am sensible my
self, that no Servants can be by any means
acquir'd, if they are ill treated I shall take care
to promote the same Opinion in others.
I Beg leave to Subscribe myself
Yo'. most Dutifull Servant
T. Causton.

SUk worms.

SavannahJanuary 14'". 1737.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Mes. Martha Causton to the Trustees. Recd
AND READ 12 ApEIL 1738. Savannah Janry 16'"
1737.
S'. It is not without fear of presuming too farr
that I trouble you with this in Order to inform
you of the State of the Silk Worms & the Prog
ress they made last Season in this Province yet
if I have outgone the Rules of Prudence in this
particular I hope your Hon', will pardon it.
They hatch 'd in March when the Mulberry
Trees had been ab'. three weeks in Leaf. They
were kept in a House Twenty four foot long
wherein was 5 Tables of the full length and
width of the house, these Tables were wliolly
covered with the Worms, as was likewise the
upper Floor Their Number, regular Disposi-

Correspondence 65

Mrs. Causton to the Trustees.

tion, and manner of working drew many to see
them who look'd upon the whole as a matter
worthy Admiration — The Chickesaw Indians
who were here at that Time were in an exceed
ing Measure delighted with them never failing
their attendance at the house twice a day dur- chickasaw
•' Indians de-
ing their Continuance at Savannah I ordered the'^suk-^"'^
the Interpreter to inform them that Silk was '"^'''°^-
for Cloaths and one of them said they had not
those Worms in their Nation but that if they
had & knew the method of keeping they could
return us yearly Canoes laden with Balls having
a great Abundance of Mulberry Trees up in the
Country to supply them with Food.
M". Camus (who is the person employ'd by
your' Hon", in the managem'. of this Business) Training of
has an exceeding fine Hand at Working the Silk i^ri.^ camus.
and she is of Opinion That it would be very
conducive to the Furtherance thereof if the
Girls of this place were train 'd to that Em
ployment. It was computed from the Number of the
Worms & their Livelyness when they first began
to work that we sho* have made £40 w' of Silk Jf^^fi^.
but as we co*. not procure a sufP. supply of ^"®'='^°*-
Leaves for them they soon sickened and dy'd,
nevertheless we had from them ab'. 5'". of ffine
Silk & I have a Quantity of Course which am
spinning my self & when the same is finish'd
shall beg y'. Hon'^ acceptance thereof "for
Stockings. — which was the Produce of my own
worms.

66

Colonial Records

Mrs. Causton to the Trustees.

Exportation
from Purres
burgstopped.

The Trees under M'. Amisties Care fell short
thro' some mismanagem' of his, and the People
of Purresburg contrary to their repeated
Promises of a continual Supply, on a sudden
stopd (for w' Reasons they themselves best
know) the Exportation of their Leaves. We
made use of all that co*. be had in or ab'. the
Town & sent likewise to Port Royall but the
Passage to & from thence being long & the
Leaves spoiling by the Carriage, all our Pains
became abortive.
While the Worms continued working I fre
quently carried the Gentlewomen of this place
to view them and endeavoured to raise in them
a Desire of breeding them which they have
chearfully resolv'd to do, for soon as they can
procure Mulberry Trees for that purpose. —
I have now standing in Good Health an
1,000 trees Orchard of those Trees of a 1000 in Number &
in the
orchard. oxpcct as many more from Carolina these now
standing are of 4 years growth.
One of the Indians I mentioned above has
promised to bring down his wife and Children
in the Summer, to live with me & learn the Art
of keeping the Worms.
I have delivered to the Ingenious M'. Ander
son Intrast for your Hon", to be plao'd in y'.
Garden two Hives of Bees which in this Coun
try are extremely productive & beneficial.
I once more beg your Hon'". Pardon for this
Trouble & beg leave (with my most hearty

Correspondence 67

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

wishes for the Success of this great undertak
ing) to subscribe myself
Your Hon", most obed'.
and obliged humble Serv'.
Martha Causton.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Will: Stephens to the Honorable Trustees
FOR establishing THE CoLONY OF GEORGIA IN
America Savannah 19 Jan : 173%-
Honourable Gentlemen
My last of the 20'" & 21=' ulf"*. went by the
Fanny (Cap' Newton) from Charles Town; w'"
M'. Hopton wrote advice of by the same Ship to
M'. Verelst, enclosing the Captains Rec' of the
Packett; as also enclosed is another Rec| of the
like Tenour. I wrote you before of the 26 Oct'.
from Charles Town, & the 2* Nov : from hence :
of all which I send Duplicates herewith.
It may now be expected y' I should give a
full account of my transactions here since my
arrival, and for that, I must beg leave to refer set°for'?h°ta
you to my Journal, herewith also sent : wherein ^°'^™^'-
I have been carefull not to omit any particular
w'^". I thought worth observing; and thereby
copious (I fear) to a fault. You have in the
same Packett a List of the Inhabitants of this
Town, as they stand at present distinguishd on
their several Lots, whether as freeholders, or

Account of

68

Colonial Records

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

IJst of the
inhabitants
of Savannah.

Distracted state of af
fairs in the
settlement.

Efforts to
improve conditions.

Inmates, with their several Wives, Sons,
Daughters, Men or Women Servants, &c. What
Improvements have been made on those Lots,
or how neglected, shall also be sent as soon as
compleated; w'=" requires good Inspection, & a
little more time.
In my next I shall hope to give an account
of some other Settlements, whether near adja
cent or more remote ; and with as much dispatch
as the nature of things will bear, & I am capable
of, go thro' the several Branches of those In
structions I rec*. but the distracted State of this
Town, w'" I found at my first coming, (& w""
time only can wholly cure, w'". the help of such
wholesome Rules as shall be judged farther nec
essary by our Constituents) would not hitherto
admit of my going far aside : for I never have
thought my self better employd, than in en
deavouring to allay those Heats grown so vio
lent betwixt Neighbours, & doing my best to
quell that cursed Spirit of Faction and Party,
lately sprang up among 'em, from the Seeds of
Sedition, sown by a very few, whom no Power
or Government can please, but such as they
y^selves are at y* head of; & whose great aim
has been to become popular by first raising
Jealousys in weak minds, of such Innovations
on their Libertys, and such arbitrary Govem
ment, as was never before thought of; and then
cajoling them into an Opinion, y' if they would
stand firm together, in opposing this imaginary
Tyranny, they would not doubt but to carry
their Point, & become a Free People. From

Cobeespondencb 69

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

hence first arose that open Opposition, given to
Magistrates in the execution of their Office;
whom they treated w'" Scorn and Contempt : I
am very glad to say, that I have been now long aeformatifm
enough here, to see the proper Authority of the due^selson!^
Court maintaind, and the due course of Justice
take place again : from when we may reasonably
expect a farther Reformation in time; & that
deluded people will recover their Senses.
I confess it was matter of concern to me for
a while, to observe how many people have de
serted this place within some months past : but
upon due consideration since, I can think of it
w'". content; when I reflect on the Characters ways re
ported, most
of most of 'em, whom I am confident no Country fliers^™
wiU be the better for: Many of them Run
aways from hence. Idle, and of no use to y*
Community; nevertheless great Exclaimers
against the publick Proceedings here, where
they helpd to raise an Outcry whilst they staid :
and I am fully convinced twould be happy for
the Colony if 'twere entirely weeded of all such
Mischievous Plants got into it. To w* probably
it may be objected, y' this is not a time to thin
the people, when Dangers seem to threaten : w^"
would hold true if such Men could be depended
on: but who can safely put Arms into peoples
hands, that dont think they have any thing
worth defending? Some few indeed are gone
off not to be ranked among These; but even in some not to
them, the greatest loss sustained, is in so many with these.
i^encible men; for otherwise, they were not
prone to cultivate land, but mostly Carpenters,

70

Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Sowers of
dissentionsand depart
ure not
regretted.

Smiths, or such like ; who found their work be
gan not to carry the same Wages as formerly
or could not so readily find employment at their
Trades; & therefore went (as most Tradesmen
will) where they thought they could earn more:
& y* same reason, if it offers any time hereafter,
very probably will bring 'em back again. There
are yet another Class who seem determined to
go off (as I have noted in my Journal of the
6'" inst) and are such as I could more incline to
regret the Loss of; Three of y" having im
proved their Lots by building Houses, cultivat
ing their Land, &c; industrious men, who live
reputably, & would be a Credit to y* Place;
were it not that their turbulent tempers out
weigh the other part of their Characters; for
they are among the principal of the Disaffected ;
never satisfyd: but always Caballing; forming
an Opposition to the Magistrates ordinary Pro
ceedings; & continually declaiming against all
future Improvem", in a place where (they say)
they are oppressd with so many Badges of
Slavery; & when they have done all they can
their Familys will be never the better for it.
N. B. Tis remarkable that these Men have
neither of 'em a Son; & therefore 'tis the less
to be wonder 'd at, y' they dwell upon the Sub
ject; which (as I have observed) has been very
industriously propagated of late: Supposing
nevertheless they obtaind a full assurance, y'
their Familys after them would enjoy the Fruits
of their Labour, tho no Sons to inherit ; yet I
am firmly perswaded in my self, from a carefull
Observation I have made, y' nothing would

Cobbbspondence 71

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Schemes to
subvert the

make those particular men easy; who too
plainly discover a Dislike to the whole Consti
tution : what else can be judged of them, when
I think it may be proved, that in their Consulta
tions, they have been forming Schemes to sub- faw?
verit it? and some of them, when upon Jurys,
have not stuck to declare among their Brethren,
that they never could deem y'^selves a Free
People, whilst any such thing as a Charge, re
citing the Evidence, & given from the Bench,
was to be heeded in their giving a Verdict ; but
the way to come at Justice rightly, would be
to determine the point in hand, by a Majority
of Votes of the Freeholders present in open
Court : to such a Height of Madness and Folly
are they arriv'd, under the Tuition of 2 or 3
Doughty Instructers

I took notice in my last, of a different Sett
of Men in this Town, who live mostly here, being
Landholders at some miles distance: these
make great professions of all good Will to the
Colony, and ready Obedience to the Civil Power ; ^f^^^tX^
but complain of their Losses in improving land, '^"'^'^oi^^''^-
the precariousness of their Tenures, &c, as I
have before observed in that letter: and from
thence (as I conceive) first sprung that indiffer
ence among the Freeholders of the Town, about
cultivation of Land; w*" has been of bad con
sequence. The chief of these are, M'. Robert
Williams a Setler at Grantham; M'. Patrick
Mackay D". at Joseph Town ; M'. Andrew Grant,
D*. at Ogychee; The two Brethren Hugh & Wil
liam Sterling, D° at D"; Patrick Tailfer, D" at

72

Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Most of
these com
plainants Scotchmem.

Patrick Mackay, a
fomenter of
discontent.

AndrewGrant brings
his servants
to town and
deserts his
pj an tations.

the River Ness : all Scotchmen, except WUliams,
who has been truly a bold Pusher on of his
Work, at great expence, & I doubt it has not
answerd ; nevertheless he is going on again this
year with larger Improvements, resolving not
to be baulked, & hoping for better encourage
ment; tho' sadly complaining. Patr Mackay
shews no Inclination at all (as I apprehend) to
proceed on his Settlement at Joseph Town ; w*"
after 2 or 3 years working on, he seems to have
wholly given up: he has a Plantation on the
Carolina side of the River, on tother side of
Hutchinsons Island, opposite to Savannah;
where he has a considerable Number of Negros,
& drives on w'". great application : at the same
time, having no convenient house upon it, he
has built a small one on a Town Lot here, w*
he holds in his Sons name ; where he lives, being
commodious for him; near his Plantation; &
by such a Situation and way of living, has an
opportunity among the Company he keeps, of
inculcating into others, the Disadvantage they
labour under, in comparison of the advantages
found by a different Tenure, & allowance of
Negros. Andrew Grant (influenced 'tis to be
supposed by such Doctrine) has quitted his land
at Ogychie, & brought away all his Servants;
tho' he has no employment for 'em in Town,
where he lives. The two Brothers Sterlings
have done the same; & their Servants lie on
their hands here in Town; where they rent a
house, and bake bread, or turn their hands to
what else they can, rather than work farther on
their Lands : which indeed I am most surprized

COEBESPONDENCE 73

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

at ; because when I "was last here, there were
none in the whole Province so celebrated for
the large quantity of land they had clear 'd &

planted. Patr Tailfer has never yet thought his Patrick Taii.
fer a f
moneymaker.

land worth regarding; but making what Profit monty-^

he could of his Servants, by letting them out to
Hire, & practicing Surgery & Physick in Town,
has made mony at an easier rate, and few have
done it so fast : in truth, men of that profession,
who have shewn themselves skillfull, have
always found a plentifull Harvest their own
Way. These men, joyning with others w'ho fre
quently visit these Parts, either from Carolina
or Elsewhere, out of curiosity ; and a few more
who keep Stores, giving y'° selves up entirely to
that, without any Improvement on their Lots;
being generally of a superiour Rank to the Ordi
nary Freeholders; make an appearance in
Dress, and their course of life, very different traflick tor
' •' news and
from them ; and at their usual hours of Rendez- genlflf *°
vouz in the most publick parts of the Town, a *^^"'^®'^^^-
Stranger would imagine it a place of Trade, &
the Habitation of so many Merchants; when
alass! their whole Traffick is for News, or to
catch up any desirable provisions imported
for Sale, when a Boat happens to bring such;
which must be purchased with ready mony if
they can find it.
The Inferences to be drawn from hence are
so obvious, y' 'twould be a peice of Arrogance s^egestioms.
in me to point 'em out : but upon the whole, till
the Colony can attain to the State of exporting
something valuable of its own Produce; at least-

74 Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

wise, till they can raise sufficient maintenance
for themselves; it is impossible (as I humbly
conceive) y' it can encrease to any perfection;
but must be a place of Want, and continue a
Burden on that Honourable Trust, which has
so long supported 'em. Pardon me if my zeal
carrys me farther than becomes me: if 'tis the
land y' this matter so desirable is to be acquired ;
what method can be taken to make people fond
of improving it ; & awaking out of this Stupidity,
to go heartily about it ? Dare I venture to offer
any poor conjectures of my own, to such an
August Body of Gentlemen, whose Judgment is
far beyond any need of such Information? The
late additional Bounty w* you have been
pleased to order for encouragement of poor
working men, to improve their land was a
Sering °* Thought worthy of the Authors ; & it is to be
hoped twill find some good effect: it is un
doubtedly from that sort of people it can be
hoped any good projects can be made in these
small Freehold Lots: and as they are entitled
to your Bounty by their Industry; so on the
other hand, tis my humble opinion, y' no Credit
of any kind ought to be given in the Stores,
whenever they cease to shew it by their labour ;
nor any relief allowd, except to such as are
truly helpless, & indigent thro' Providence; such
as sick people, poor Widows, & orphans. Where
any person shews an hearty desire, and En
deavour, to improve land, whether it be on
greater or less Quantitys; but wants a little
Strength to carry it on: suppose such a man
were allowd a Servant, 2, or 3, in proportion

Cobeespondencb 75

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

to his need, upon Credit for a year or 2 ; to be
repaid at such time, & in such manner as might
seem meet : this I verily think would give great
encouragement. There is yet another thing w*"
I almost fear to name, least I should offend, in constitu-
' tional
touching upon any matter w°" seems at present ^^^tfon 'to
a part of the Constitution : and that is, in rela- *^" ™^®'
tion to Tail Male: but as it proceeds from an
honest Intention, I shall the sooner hope for
pardon. The Foundation which that was built
upon, I presume might be, for the better peo
pling of the Colony, by disallowing any alien
ation, &c : but in case a man dies without a Male
Heir : of his estate should go to his Heirs gen
eral, & such were under obligations either to
occupy & cultivate, or forfeit it, within such a
limited time as shall be thought good, and under
the same restrictions from alienation still:
surely this would double the diligence of those, ^ctuaiiy%ut
who having no Son to leave it to, go heavily on clamour and
° . , discontent.
with what they have no farther Interest m than
their own lives: this would effectually put an
end to all the Clamour & Discontent, which is
of late become so general here, & which has
been so industriously propagated (I have said
by whom) : but I should fail in speaking truth,
if I did not say, y' I frequently heard the same
Objections in England; & in these parts of the
World I find it is every where talkd of to the
disadvantage of the place : tho ' I hope I shall
find beliefe, when I beg leave solemnly to assure
you, I never gave countenance to it, in any con
versation I have had here; whatever I have
thought: and as for Negros (w*" some of our

76

Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Strictures
on South
Carolina.

Status of
the silk
industry In
Georgia.

Mdse Reformers have in their heads too) as I
truly think the consequence of admitting them
would be very pernicious; so I never heard it
offerd, but I shewd an utter aversion to such
Projects. Our Neighbours at Charles Town, I
hear have their Belly-full of 'em; insomuch y'
they have lately published an order to disgorge
great part out of the Town; where they begin
to be apprehensive of their Numbers; & will
allow of a stated number only, to inhabit among
'em: what Safety then the Planters in the
Country can warrant to themselves, who can
tell? — For all this I must entreat your pardon,
& return to my Duty.
The next Improvement to be taken notice of
is concerning the making of Silk, & what Prog
ress that has taken ; w°" I have done w' I could
to inform my self in: & sorry I am to see so
desirable a Work nip', as it were in the Bud, &
languishing for want of necessary Support; I
mean Mulberry leaves. Upon enquiring into
many particulars relating to this affair, of the
Family who have the care of it, and are said to
understand it very well; sober industrious peo
ple, whose names are Camouche, and who came
over with M'. Amitys ; I got the following infor
mation, (viz) that the Machines w"". M'. Amitys
had, and 3 Coppers, & a Boxfull of Glass Uten
sils for winding of Silk; were never brought
from Charles Town, from their first landing,
almost 5 years since; but by M'. Amitys 's allow
ance were left with his Brother at Carolina, who
has since disposed of 'em as he saw fit; & they

Cobeespondencb 77

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

are lost to the Colony: but this Family have
since got another Machine made, according to
their own direction, w"" they very well know
how to give ; & it works very well. They have
at present 5 ounces of Seeds (or Eggs) which sufficient
. mulberry
according to the common way of computation, J,^^®fac£.*
would produce Worms sufficient to wind off 30
pounds of the finest Silk, provided they could
find leaves sufficient to feed 'em : but purely for
want of that, the last year, the Worms were
starved and died so y' the whole Quantity of
fine Silk made, was only about £4. How highly
such a Work deserves attention, & all proper
aid; is as evident as it is, y' with such aid it
cannot fail of Success: tis so plain, y' in truth
I see nothing wanting at present, but Mulberry
leaves: the coming at which, I am assured by
the Family before mentioned, would be sooner
from Seeds than wild Plants ; w°" upon their re
moval, unless into well improved Ground, are
apt to pine away; but a Seedling Plant (w°" at
7 or 8 months from a Seed probably will shoot
3 foot high) when removed into a tolerable Soil ;
seldome fails to thrive apace.
This leads me to the Garden, where I wrote
you in my last there was no great appearance The coiony
of much care taken; the late gardener Peircy
being run away; & M'. Anderson (who has the
Inspection) not much heeding it, till he recd
your farther pleasure thereupon, in answer to
what he wrote; but of late I observe a great
alteration: one Fitzwalter (a Freeholder) who
was formerly Gardener under Amytis, with

78 Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

whom he could not agree, & therefore left it, &
has lived a rambling life since: He has been
now employd there about 3 or 4 weeks ; with a
few hands; and having lately some additional
help, he has reduced it into a decent Order
again : I presume by M'. Andersons Directions,
who comes sometimes to visit it, from his land,
y' he is about cultivating 2 or 3 miles off. Upon
my acquainting him y' you expected from me,
an ace' of the Number, and kinds of Trees in
the Garden, which therefore I wishd he would
give me, he brought the Account, here enclosed,
to me: which I make no doubt but is right, as
to the numbers ; and the Observations made by
him thereon, I know to be just and true.
Vines unquestionably may be brought to great
perfection; w°" is an Improvement of valuable
consideration, & easily attaind, as found by cer-
suggestions tain experience. Some Jews brought me a
f\f^ to vines paper, more than 6 weeks since, well attested,
relating to it ; desiring me to transmit it to you
but I resolved first to satisfy my self farther in
it; as I did, on the 6'" of Dec: (w*" you may
please to observe in my Journal) and therefore
could not refuse to gratify y" in it now : where
fore I have herewith sent it at their desire ; sub
mitting it to your Judgments how far it de
serves encouragement.
You have also herewith. Lists of the several
people imported by 3 Ships, commanded by
Cap" Thomson, Hewett, & Daubuy, since my
being here.

Correspondence 79

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Likewise a List from M'. Bradley, of the Cat
tle and Horses which were under his care, be
longing to the Trust.
I ought (in pursuance of my Instructions) not
to let this letter go without giving some aco' of Surveyor
your Surveyor Jones ; whose Character is of so Jonea.
mixed a nature, y' 'tis not easy to hit it right
in all its parts : for twere doing him wrong, not
to allow him some degrees of Worth on several
occasions ; and (as I am told) a competent share
of knowledge in Geometry: Nevertheless
'twould be Injustice to the Trust, not to say y'
he has certainly been negligent in his Duty of Negligent in
running out Lands; which has occasiond many running
to complain, who have thereby been under dis
appointments ; & sometimes Losses in mistaking
land, & cultivating what afterwards they found
not to be their own ; for w°". they could find no
recompense. To speak my thoughts freely of
him ; I take him to be an indolent man, as well
in relation to publick work, as to private Oecon-
omy ; w*" is sufficiently visible from the manner
his Family lives in, & the very mean appearance
he makes in his Garb: I have never yet seen
any of his Plans, & the Trust (I fear) not many.
mn • n Some one
There is a person come, among some of those gubftit T
lately imported, one M'. Amery, who tis said '''™-
understands that Business well ; & might there
fore opportunely supply his place : nevertheless,
if my humble opinion is of any weight, I should
think it not advisable immediately to remove
Jones ; for this reason : whatever has yet been
done, he is Master of; & out of that Heap, proba-

80

Colonial Records

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Vindictive temper of
Mr. Jones.

Religious
matters.

LJke sheep
without a
shepherd.

bly some Good may with care be collected : but
in case he found himself at once dismissed; I
know not how far a vindictive temper might
prompt him to be wicked enough to destroy
whatever he has (such a thing I once heard
whisperd) & that must certainly produce the
utmost confusion, to begin all again. Besides,
in some discourse I had with M'. Amery, I found
he should not think it worth his pains, to work
on that Affair at so low a rate, as he understood
Jones was to be allowd. When we are so happy
to see One here again, who has power and
Capacity to rectify this Defect, I make no doubt
but twill be done in the most prudential manner.
As to religious matters, which also I should
have something to say to ; it ought to be in pro
portion to the encrease of it; which I fear has
been very little; especially of late, when dis
putes & Strife so much abounded ; & Charity to
wards Neighbours seemd utterly banishd. The
Affair of M'. Wesley will be laid so fully before
you from both sides of the Question, y' I make
no doubt but you'll easily form a right Judg
ment upon the whole : tho ' I am no ways attachd
to either side; yet twould be impertinent now
for me to meddle in it any farther. We are at
present indeed like Sheep without a Shepherd :
& my hearty wish is that Whomsoever Your
Honours shall appoint Minister of the Church
here, he may answer your good purpose, by
doing his Duty as a Diligent Pastor; & by an
inoffensive free conversation among his Neigh
bours, (without troubling himself about secular

Correspondence 81

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Affairs more than needfull) endear himself to
these people: which I conceive would conduce
more to make good Christians in Practice, as
well as Beliefe ; than the best Doctrine enforced
by the strongest arguments, without some small
compliance with the ordinary course of the
World. Lastly, I herewith obey your Commands, in
sending an account of Stores of Ammunition,
and other Accoutrements of War, and remain
Honourable Gentlemen
Your most Obedient humble Servant
WiU : Stephens.
To the honourable Trustees
for establishing the Colony
of Georgia in America.
P. S. 20 Jan:
This Evening an Express arrivd from M'.
Horton at Frederica, with letters to M'. Causton
Spanish
and me, dated the 14'" ins', importing y' a Span- ^"^^

Indians.

brings com-
ish Launch arriv'd at his house at Jekyll from |i!fby°some
Augustin on the IP", with an Officer & 19 men,
who went back the 13'", & y Officer deliverd 3
letters ; one for M'. Causton, one for Cap^. Gas-
coigne, and the other for himself which letters
he now sent to M'. Causton, wrote all in Spanish,
desiring him to get that w°" was for himself,
translated sent him back : to w*" letters he re
ferd me; and on my going to M'. Caustons
(where Cap'. Gascoigne was at the same time)
I found by the translation, made by one of our

82 Colonial Records

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Jews, the Contents were to complain of an Insult
made by some Indians in Amity with us, upon
some Indians of theirs; several of whom they
had surprised and killd, and carries off their
Wives Prisoners. M'. Horton adds, y' the Span
ish Officer told him y* Govern' desired to live in
Friendship with us, and to have a good Corres
pondence. Of all which I make no doubt but
M'. Causton writes you fully.

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Will: Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst, ac
comptant TO the Honorable Trustees for
Settling the Colony of Georgia, at their
Office near the Old Palace Yard West
minister Savannah 19 Jan: 173%.
S'. I wrote you of the 21" ult""". by the Fanny
(Cap' Newton) wherein I acknowledgd your
favour of the 10'" of Oct'. Part of the Direc
tions therein rec* I have already fulfulld, as
will appear by the papers herewith sent ; & the
rest shall be punctually observd in due course
of time.
I have now rec* by Cap' Diaubuz 2 more Serv-
J^nti'' ants sent me from the Trust ; a Man and a Boy;
w°". last I do not think the worse of for his
years, considering the length of his Service:
these compleat my number of 10: and I have
not suffer 'd those I had, to lay long idle, tho'

COEEESPONDENCE 83

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harmon Verelst.

it has been a misfortune y' I could never yet
employ more than 4 or 5 of 'em at a time, by
reason of Sickness, w°" (notwithstanding the
temperateness of this Season here) has been
heavy among 'em, and frequently got hold of
half of 'em at once; w* has impeded my in
tended work very much ; and (w'hat is yet worse)
the common necessity of a Doctors assistance
under such Sickness, will draw after it a Bill
(I fear) too long to relish well: the place never
theless was never more healthy y° at present; some prog-
•^ •' ^ ' ress made.
and if this w°" they call a Seasoning now, may
happily preserve 'em when the Heats come
hereafter, twill be well enough still. Notwith
standing these impediments, we have since the
latter end of Nov"' cleard 5 acres & very near
fenced it in, in order to plant it in March;
against w°" time, if the men can keep tolerable
health, I hope to clear as much more, at least, tools fur-

Here you'll be so good to forgive me, if I ac
quaint you y' I think the person who supplyd
their working tools, has not dealt well w'" you ;
for some of the felling Axes fly like Glass, and
break out in peices as thick as a Half Crown ;
and the Cross-cut Saw is fit for Children only, &
of so small a Size, y' they can hardly cut a large
grown Tree thro ' with it ; w'" i sa great Baulk
to 'em; & 'twill behove me to remedy it, by
buying better where I can. I cant avoid letting
you know too that your Stationer has thought
fit to put off some of his bad ware also ; for the
Fools-cap is so faulty, y' its a hard matter to
find a Sheet in a whole Quire, free from sinking
in many parts of it; and the marble-cover 'd

nished.

84 Colonial Records

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Coppying Books are all of the same Sort ; inso
much y' some pages of my own writing are
scarce legible (w"" perhaps you'll smile at, &
find another reason for) but all the other par
ticulars are unexceptionable. If you'll please
therefore by some opportunity or other, to send
us a Ream of right good Fools-cap, and also a
Ream of good Post, such as we had, but have
used a great deal of it, where good Fools cap
would have answered the purpose ; it wiU be put
I hope to good use.
As I have it truly at heart to do what is pleas-
Anxious to ing and agreeable to those honourable Gentle-
trustees. men, who have commissiond me to act in the
Station they have been pleased to appoint me;
'twould be a great Satisfaction to me to know
wherein I have been defective, or (I rather fear)
too redundant: and upon your notice, w*" I
should esteem as a favour, I shall henceforward
proceed accordingly.
After committing to writing whatever I
thought worth observing here; I am now pre
paring to look farther into the Province; first
towards the South, & then into the other Settle
ments on my return ; of all which a regular ace'
shall be transmitted in due course : but whilst I
am meditating on this, I am under some appre
hensions least the Forces expected from Gibral
tar under the Conduct of Coll Cockran should
arrive; whom I would wish to be in any kind
serviceable to, if I may. The Melancholly news
w'" Cap' Ayres brings (who arrived at Charles
Town lately in 6 weeks from England) that the

Cobeespondencb 85

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

News of the
's
death.

Queen died the 20'". of Nov"', is surprizing, and
as we think our selves as good Conjurers as our ^ulen-
Neighbours, in foretelling future Events ; there
are not wanting some among us, who see plainly
(they say) that this Fatal Incident will occasion
great delay in finishing off the Anvil of State,
divers matters of great moment relating to
these Parts, which were in hand at that time;
and particulary that our Cap'. General will
thereby be necessarily restrained, from using
that Expedition w*" is so peculiar to him — ^but
such penetration, I am not yet arriv'd to.
Whatever else I had to write, w°" I once
thought was much more, has now slipt me ; and
probably may find place in my next: wherefore
I now conclude

S' Your most humble Servant. Will: Stephens.
The enclosed rec' is a second of the like
Tenour w'" what M'. Hopton wrote me
he before sent you from Capt Newton,
acknowledging his having a packett for
the Trastees of y' date from M'. Caus
ton & me.
The 2 enclosed letters must take their
change whether the Persons to whom
they are addressed are in England yet
or not.

86 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Thos. Causton to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. Thos. Causton to Me. Habman Vebelst ac-
compt to the Honoeable Trustees fob
establishing Georgia in Ajmerica. This 21
Jan 1737
S'. I herewith transmit you Copies of sundry
Day Books, from the 6'". of February 1735 (the
Sundry rec- Time of M'. Oglethorpcs arrivall) till the 22*.
co^tl''t?aS^: Nov'. 1736 (being the Time of his Departure,
also other Copies to the End of October 1737.
I also send the Duplicates of Receipts for Cash
paid to the 31" day of December 1737 Also
Copies of such Accounts Current as have been
yet examined (which ace" also take place, from
the s* arrivall of M'. Oglethorpe; & end at his
Departure) The ace", for that Time are now
all copied & wait only for Examination.
Please to advise in y'. next if any of the
Copies of Day books are wanting preceeding the
last account now sent
You will perceive by Cap' Hewit Reciept that
himself or Owners had rec** of some of his
Passengers p'. of their Passage money. I have
therefore enclosed you their Notes John
Althers Note (the am' of which is £2: 7': 3*)
is at present mislaid
I am S'. wishing y'. Health
Your most obed'. humble Serv'. T. Causton.
Savannah 21" Jan'''
1737.

Correspondence 87

James Gascoigne to Mr. Verelst.

P. S. The Books of Ace", curr'. above men'*.
are letter 'd A, B&C.
I have also sent pursuant to the Trustees
Orders; a Cask of Acorns mark'd G. C & are
the Product of the Ever Green Oak which is
here call'd the Water Oak. There is another
sort of the Elver Green Oak which we call the
live Oak but I co*. not get any of that kind of
Mast this year.
In a lesser Cask I have sent some of the
Earth this kind of Oak flourishes very well
in & y* adjoining to the S.alt waters.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
James Gascoine to Mr. Verelst. Hawk in Tybee Road
Georgia 16 Feb'^ : 1737/8-
Sir On my Arrival this Day from the Southward
I was favour' d w'". Yours of the 10'" : of October
wherein the Hon"'*: the Trustees are Pleas'd to
Order Two German Familys to Serve Me. —
Pursuant to that Order M' : Causton most Oblig
ingly (on my Part) Offer'd two Familys of my
own Chusing, but receiving Advice of a Spanish
Launch being arriv'd (from S': Augustine) at
S' : Simons ; I had only Time to Choose One : of
which M'. Causton will advise You.
I am preparing to return to S'. Simon's, so
soon as I can settle the Account that has un-

88 Colonial Records

Harry Buckley to Mr. Harman Verelst.

avoidably happen 'd between the Store's of the
Hon'* : the Trustees, and my Self, by Occasional
Supplys on Each Side. I am
Sir Your most Hum'* : Ser'^. Ja'. Gascoigne.
M'. Verelst.

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Haeey Buckley to Mb Habman Vebelst at the
Geobgia Office in Old Palace Yaed, West
ministee, London Frederica Feb :'' 19'". 173 7/8.
S'. I am favour 'd with yours of 12'". October last
have received Sam'. Goffe with his Indenture,
you were pleased to forward me from M'. Rich
ard Buckley for which I return you many
thanks, I have not yet received the £6 : 13 : Sterl
ing you mention'd in yours which M'. Causton
has offer'd me to receive either here or att
Savannah, when I receive it I shall take the
Freedom to advise you of it that y* said may be
made good to the Hon"'*. Trustees, And Am Sir
Your most humble Servant, Harry Buckley.
P. S.
Pray give my humble
Service to M'. Towers.

Cobeespondencb 89

Sam Everleigh to Mr. Harman Verelstj

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Sam Eveblbigh to Me. Habman Vebelst, Ac-
compt to Y^ Honoeable Y^ Teustees foe
establishing the Colony of Geobgia at
THEIE OFFICE IN OlD PaLACE YaBD WeST-
MINISTEE. Cha'. Town S° Carolina 20*" Febraary 1737.
M'. Harmon [sic] Veriest
Sir I have for three months past been very 111
which has been the Ocasion that I have not Sent
you the Carolina Gazette's during that time.
I have but very Little to advise you But that
about Six Weeks Since there was a Report
Come Down from the Creeks that the French
had kild Sixteen Chekesaws. Upon which this Report of a
Goverment Sent an Express up thither in ord6r !nSs%y°'
to perswade them to withdraw from their ""^ ^^'"'^'
Ground & Come Down Among other Indians in
Friendship with us. the Masinger is Returnd,
and as I understand has brought an ace', that
the Chekesaws will Come Down, I heare no
farther Nuse about them but that tis the
Chockta that has kild the Chekesaws. and I
hope they will be payd verry well for their
Labour. I finde the Nuse Papers are Verry Acceptable
to M'. Causton & Others at Georgia, So that the

90 Colonial Recobds

Mr. Stephens to the Trustees.

Contenuance thereof will be an Obligation,
which will allso Oblige
Sir Your Humble Servant Sam Eveleigh

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me Stephens to the Trustees. Recd 27 May
1737/8 Savannah 27 Feb: 173^.
Honourable Gentlemen
My last was of the 19'" & 20'" ult"° ; whereof
I now send Duplicates ; and also a continuation
tfat'S'' o7°" of my Journal from the 17'". Jan : exclusive ; by
Fort^sf^' which it will in a great measure appear how I
Andrew and havc cmployd my time in your Service. Here-
Darien. . i. .1 .1 j
with I have also sent the several present States
of Frederica, Fort S'. Simon, Fort S'. Andrew,
and Darien: is collecting the particulars of
which several places, I must say I met with
more satisfaction, than in many things at that
part of the Province, from whence I came;
where a few turbulent Spirits had created so
much distraction among the people, as very
much to disturb the Peace of the Place, & en
danger yet worse: but I hope we are growing
wiser ; & y' a little more time will reduce those
who may have been misled, to right reason;
when they see the persons lightly esteemed,
whom they took for clever ffellows at Carrying

Cobeespondencb 91

Mr. Stephens to the Trustees.

on the good Work of Reformation; & resignd
up their own Judgment to such mens conduct;
which cannot fail ending in contempt, & Shame
deservedly. For otherwise, at Frederica there was no ap
pearance of Discord ; but every one followed his
own business quietly; neither was there cause
to complain of the least disobedience (as M'.
Horton and the Magistrates all assured me) in
doing their respective Dutys to the Publick;
which comes pretty quick about, as to the Mili
tary part ; ten men in their turn mounting the
Guard every 5'" night at the Fort; which was
done w'" great exactness whilst I was there ; &
at their coming to relieve, they were always
exercised in y* manual Use of their Arms for
half an hour, by an expert person ; V" M'. Hor
ton told me was the constant practice, without
the least marks of discontent: from whence it
might be infer 'd ( I thought) what Savannah savannah.
was in its Infancy, before they were corrupted
w'" the example of some of their Borderers in
Carolina; & seduced into ill habits and mis
chievous purposes, by a few Designing men;
who wanting to grasp at Power, grew uneasy at
their disappointment in it, & endeavourd to
make others so too. It is to be wishd indeed y'
there was a greater appearance of cultivating
land at Frederica y" is yet to be ^een; but I
humbly apprehend great allowance may be
made in behalf of their Plea, why they could not
attend it the last Season, as might have been
expected ; and I am bound in Justice to 'em to

92 Colonial Recobds

Mr. Stephens to the Trustees.

say, y' they shew themselves generally in earn
est now, to retrieve lost time ; and most of 'em
are doing what they can : I took a pretty deal
of care to be as particular as possible in the
account I have given of their proceedings in it ;
great part of whi,ch I can vouch for the literal
truth of ; having spent one whole day, & part of
another among the Lots : & the rest I took upon
the Credit of M'. Hird (the first Constable) who
is a very knowing & industrious man, together
with others, whose veracity M'. Horton assured
me I might depend on. LI heard but of one com-
?om^iXt, plaint during my Stay there; w*" indeed was
universal. almost Universal; & that was their want of a
little help;Jalledging the Inability w'=" a single
person labourd under in many Instances; as
particularly in moving heavy Logs, Cross-cut
ting, &c; and wishing they could be credited
with some Servants among 'em; which they
would pay for within such time as should be
required. This put my thoughts on recurring to
what I took the liberty of writing on this head
in my last; which I then (among other things)
submitted humbly to your consideration; & I
would beg leave to add yet a few words on this
occasion. The more to obviate all objections;
suppose the Master should be oblidg'd to em
ploy such Servant in cultivating land wholly,
and to no other purpose : and at such a certain
limited time for repayment, as should be thought
meet ; in case of failure therein, suppose Master
& man were both bound to work gratis a whole
year on some publick work for the Trust ; in a
Scout Boat (for instance) or otherwise : I hum-

Cobeespondencb 93

Mr. Stephens to the Trustees.

bly conceive great Good might hereby accrue to
the Colony, & no Detriment to the Trust : there
seems indeed to be a want of a few more hands
there; & it appears the more visible from what
is to be found at Darien I must not omit to
observe, y' in conversation with M'. Horton, he
told me he found himself under some difficulty
in relation to the future delivering out of Stores ^ame diffl.^
of provision among the people; for that the ^^ISns^ ^'"°'
present Establishment expired (as he appre
hended) on the 25 Mar, now very near; & he
was diffident of his own Judgment, in what man
ner to proceed afterwards : wherein I could only
offer my Sentiments (without being well war
ranted) ; that in such an Exigence, as I con-
ceiv'd it could never be the intention of the
Honourable Trustees, that any person of the
Colony should really want Support; undoubt
edly it would be justifyable, since there was
plenty laid in, to deal it out among the people ;
especially to such as labourd to good purpose,
in the same proportion as was limited by the
last Orders, till the pleasure of the Trustees was
farther known.
What I observ'd farther, during my progress
into those Parts, being noted in my Journal,
and otherwise in such papers as I send here
with; to avoid Tautology, I beg leave to refer
to them.

The State of the several Villages, & other
Settlements in this part of the Province, shall
be my next care to transmit, w'" what expedition
I can : and last of all I shall endeavour to send

94

Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Stephens to the Trustees.

Hopeful prospects.

Knot of
Scotch land
owners an
eye-sore.

a true account of the Improvements that have
been made on the several Lots belonging to this
Town ; which I am perfecting, by degrees, & is
pretty difficult to find the truth of; as well as
unsatisfactory among many of 'em, when found :
tho' I have some hopes twill mend a little every
day; w""" is another reason why I make it my
last work of that Sort ; for several lately have
taken it into their heads to go on again, & others
to begin, where I once had little hopes of any
Improvements this Season; & tis observable y'
a much better temper seems to have sprung up
of late, since the decease of some Incendiarys,
who maintaind a continual Ferment among the
people: Several who were irritated by such
Declaimers to seek a better living in Carolina,
are lately returnd; & others (I hear) returning,
now they find themselves misled; and are con
vinced they may live better at their Old Homes :
I only wish y' under such conviction, they may
hence forward proceed w'". the more Industry,
& fixd resolution in cultivation of land. What
remains principally an Eye Sore with me at
present, is to see the same Knot of Scotch Land
holders in the Country, now residing here, with
one only Englishman joyning 'em, continue un
dissolved : the Names of those of most Signifi
cance among them, I mentiond in my last ; they
adhere closely together (w'^" is National with
'em in all Countrys) and seldome fail meeting
at a Tavern every night, 8, or 10, or more ; where
they always sing the same tune; & whatever
Strangers come to Town, some of these soon
get acquainted with 'em, who too often (I fear)

Cobbbspondence 95

Mr. Stephens to the Trustees.

of legality.

go away under bad Impressions of the Colony.
This I humbly conceive would would need some
remedy worthy your prescribing; but I am in
hopes a little time will bring us One from among
you who is able to dissipate these & all other
publick Dangers.
Please to allow me to refer you to my Notes
of 22 & 24 instant, relating to the Power w'" ^er°a'low'
some People among us are fond of assuming to
themselves, for administring Oaths when upon
the Grand Jury: I must humbly submit it to
your consideration, how far it may be possible
for a Sett of 111 designing men, if a number of
such should happen to fall together in the same
Pannel ; to do Mischief under a Shew of Legal
ity ; and stir up more contention than what has
lately happend ; and which I am persuaded will
die away, unless new blown by a few only, whose
aim is that it should not; and Who are best
pleased when confusion prevails. Pardon me
if I say that Your Honour's determination on
this Point is of such Moment, y' I hope we shall
not want it by the first Opportunity, to guide us
in time coming. I am confident y' the Grand
Jury w*"" was empanneld this last Court, were
generally well meaning honest men: neverthe
less 2 or 3 Hotspurs mixing among 'em, per
swaded them to believe twas their Right to
administer Oaths, & therefore they ought not
to give up their Claim; which induced 'em to
go the length they did, but they were Wise
enough not to be led farther into experiments
at present. I have the satisfaction to say that

96 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Stephens to the Trustees.

the whole proceedings of the Court were carried
on with great Decency & to good Effect (except
only where Rum came in Question; which that
Jury could not be prevaild on to declare any
crime in the Person who sold it). M'. Parker,
the only Magistrate on the Bench, shewd him
self a man of ready apprehension and good
Judgment; as the Recorder also on his part,
was not wanting in his Duty.
I must acquaint you that M'. West, a Free
holder in this Town, being by Marriage or other
wise, possessd of 2 Lots, has newly sold one of
'em, to a Gentleman who lately imported a
Cargo of Provisions from New York, in a Brig
w'=" yet lies in the River, the Cargo being sold :
his name is Provost, a young man of good ap
pearance and lively Spirit ; who has made divers
Importations here of the like kind: 'tis said y'
he has very good Substance ; & purposes to keep
a large Store of Provisions; as well as dry
Goods; & particularly sorted for the Indian
a 8ucce°ssfui Trade : all which ( 'tis to be hoped) may prove
merchant. j? • i j ,i t^t t^ ' J ^
beneficial to the Place ; more especially the last ;
for unless the Town is well provided with such
(as I doubt tis but poorly at present) Carolina
may lay aside all Jealousy of our being a Dan
gerous Rival : but what gives me farther good
expectation from him is, y' he possesses a hearty
design of improving the land belonging to his
Lot, & has already been giving some orders
about it ; so y' he will shew himself in that par
ticular also, deserving encouragement. The
Number of the Lot is 16, formerly in possession

Cobeespondencb 97

Mr. Stephens to the Trustees.

of Joseph Hughes, since deceased ; the House in
Derby Ward, rented at pres'. by M'. Purry, who
also keeps a Store near adjoyning, in Partner
ship with M'. Mountague; & undoubtedly they
take more money than any (I had almost said
all) of the Stores in Town; but I dont hear of
any they expend among us ; nor dare they ven
ture at improving lands in Georgia, since they
do it much more to their liking, on tother side
of the Water, a few miles up the River.
I fear some indirect practices has been used
to wheedle away the Family of [sic] Camouch
(who have the Management of the Silk) into our Management
Neighbourhood of Carolina: 'tis possible I may
come at a more perfect knowledge of it than I
can yet warrant ; wherefore I forbear mention
ing any name : but I hope tis timely stopt, & y'
those people will not leave us for want of being
well encouraged to continue where they are:
M'. Causton assures me they shall not have any
reason to complain of that : if the attempt was
made by one who is suspected, it might be little
respected from thence — but I say no more.

of silk.

By my Journal of the 21 & 22* ulf"" you'll
please to be informed in what manner my last
Packett went for Charles Town, in order to be
sent by the first Ship y' was to sail for London.
A few days since (not sooner) I was advised
by M'. Hopton from thence in his letter of the
6'". ins', y' Cap* Thomson deliver'd it to the
care of Cap' Adam Montgomery of y* Ship
Prince William, who was then upon sailing:
and M'. Causton tells me has rec" of it from the

98

Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Stephens to the Trustees.

Precarious and uncer
tain corre
spondence
with London.

said Captain, sent him by Cap' Thomson now;
which I suppose he will transmit to you. From
hence you may please to observe how uncertain
& precarious our correspondence is with that
place, & be the more confirmed in opinion (I
hope) of how great use such a Boat would be
for the Service, as I proposed in my last. I am
not yet certain when what I now am writing
will go hence; waiting the first opportunity y'
M'. Causton recommends after his own Dis
patches are ready : I do not say this to complain
of his unwillingness to forward mine; having
met with no other than courteous treatment
from him: but possibly he thinks it expedient,
& his Duty, to be not behind hand with me in
writing; wherein I am far from blaming him;
for most certainly the more full your Informa
tions are of all that passes here, so much the
better; & abundance of matter lyes in his
province, w* it behoves him to be explicit in
often, & receive your Honours Directions: but
as I had it a particular Injunction from you, to
let no occasion slip me of writing frequently ; I
humbly conceive you intended I should not wait
to know when others would, nor be to seek for
a ready conveyance when I thought it needfull
of my self: I am the more confirmed in this
opinion, from your Orders signifyd to me by
M'. Verelst, y' I should give notice to the Inhabi
tants, to bring or send their letters to me once
a fortnight, to be forwarded safely, &c: w*" I
presume may have some effect in time, tho' no
such letters are yet committed to my care.

Cobeespondencb 99

Mr. Stephens to the Trustees.

I should say something before I close this
letter, of the long variance betwixt Mess".
Causton and Bradley: but that is of so ex
tensive a nature, y' I scarce know where to be
gin, nor where 'twould end. I have made some
few observations in my Journal, on y° frequent variance be
tween Caus-
Appeals made to me from One and 'tother; but ^^fe^^
this become now a controversy of such weight,
that I dare not take upon me to decide it. M'.
Bradley probably will set forth those Grievances
he complains of himself, & lay 'em before you:
and M'. Causton (I know) will make a full rep
resentation of all y' he has done, in his own
Vindication : The Account he shewd me of the
total Charge he had against M'. Bradley out of
the Stores, I must say appeard exceeding
strange : and I doubt M'. Bradleys open Opposi
tion to him in general, during those tumults w*
lately happend, and so much disturbance of the
publick Peace, may have whetted M'. Caustons ¦
resentment, & provoked him to shew he was to
expect no favours on his part; and M'. Caustons
expounding your Orders, relating to the Ger
man Servants under M'. Bradleys charge, in the
manner he does , by allowing y"" to get other
Masters for themselves ; & so, paying for their
Passage, get a discharge from their present
Service ; I apprehend He thinks he may well be
justifyd in ; since he sees y' scarce any of them
have been employd by M'. Bradley in the pub
lick Work, w*" they were sent to do, since they
came : but M'. Bradley complains of this as the
highest Injustice. I must own, the only danger
I apprehend from it is, least those poor People,

100 Colonial Recobds

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

whom your Honours (I observe) expect to be
dealt tenderly with, should happen to fall into
the hands of some private Masters, who may
use less of That than they ought : otherwise, in
all appearance, the Publick was not like to re
ceive much Benefit of 'em yet a while.
The Town clock now striking, put me in mind
to acquaint you, that your Orders which I
The^town brought with me to set it going, were executed
a few days since ; and it stands near the top of
one end of the Stores ; w*" is the most eminent
and conspicuous place at present in Town. I
remain Honourable Gentlemen
Your most Obedient humble Servant
WiU: Stephens.

To the Honourable
the Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Will: Stephens to Mb. Haeman Vebelst.
Savannah 27 Feb: 173%.
S'. I hope my last of the 19'" of Jan : will come
safe to your hands, together with my other Dis
patches to the Trastees by the Prince William
Cap'. Ad: Montgomery.
I must begin this w*". taking some shame to
my self for sending a paper so uncorrect as that

Cobeespondencb 101

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

relating to our Artillery at Savannah ; w°". was
owing to its being brought me at the last ex- tS^uSuon
tremity of time, when I was just closing all I Sahf^^^"
had to send ; tho often called for, & returned by
me as imperfect, tiU at last I took it upon
Credit; but perusing it since with more leisure
and Care, I found the size of the Ball so dis
proportion 'd to the Bore of the Cannon; that I
had no patience till I got it better rectifyd by
the Gunner; & hope now 'tis pretty right:
wherefore I beg you'll admit it as an amend
ment in the Shape I now send it : the other part
of the account then sent, relating to the Stores
of Arms & ammunition &c, I see no reason
to alter .
My next paragraph imports some occasion of
shame too; but y' belongs to another Female
o ij>'/ 1 1 -11 ,-vTi Criminal
(Servant ot mine (you have heard how She that weakness of
^•' a Scotch
I brought out of England behaved) : this is of servant.
the Highland Breed, brought over by Cap'
Thomson, recommended highly by him for a
Painstaker; & lent me kindly by M'. Causton
upon tryall : but it appears what She had been
doing on her passage; for She is pregnant; &
the Author of it happend to be a man of her
own Countryj who brought over half a Score
Servants with him in the same Ship, & is setling
to cultivate other things in Georgia : he needs no
name on this occasion; but if your curiosity
leads you , he is easily found in the List I sent
of Thomsons Passengers by the marks I have
given you — See w' Luck I have w'" Wenches —
I hope for better w'" the other Sex ; tho ' hitherto

102 Colonial Recobds
Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.
indeed they have faild very much, thro' fre
quent Sickness many of 'em, in being able to
tinuaiiy fall- do any reasonable Service; some continually
mg down as "' •'
l?f git up!"' falling Down, as fast as others get up: but I
expect 'twill be better in time: and nothwith-
standing these Impediments, we have done what
we could, with seldome more, but as often less,
than half a dozen men ; and unless worse Luck
yet happens , I hope to se 14 or 15 acres cleard,
fenced in, and planted this Season, of thick tim-
berd Land. I wish 'twould appear y' M'. Brad
ley in so long time as he has been here, had
improved many acres more — ^but I would by no
means anticipate what he has to offer in his
own Justification; nor have I skiU enough to
trace him thro ' all the mizmazes of an unintelli
gible Conduct : I wish it may appear in a better
Light than I can put it.
Great has been our looking out here a long
while past, for some farther News of those Com
manders, whom we were bid look for in our
!^ra"whar letters of Oct', last from London; but March is
Europe.^ ° come, & not a word more about it ; w*" makes us
a little impatient to learn by some new advices,
what is doing in Europe. We should be wrong
to expect the Happiness of seeing our Cap'.
Gen" here before his Troops: but farther yet,
M'. Crockatt is said to have given it out at
Charles Town, y' He will not be here till the
End of the Summer, so we cant tell what to
make of it till some Ship or other brings us
such advices as we may depend on : and then

Cobbbspondence 103

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

surely we may expect to know who is Governour
of Carolina too.
Be so good to present my Duty to Gen" Ogle
thorpe, & my usual Respects to my good Friends duty®?o^Gei^
at Whitehall. As I have nothing to write more o^i^t^orpe. '
than complements, I am confident they'll not
think 'em worth coming so far. /I am S'.
Your most assured humble Servant
Will: Stephens.
My Son presents his humble Service to you,
and begs the favour of your sending his letter
for the Isle of Wight by the ordinary Post ; his
other to M'. Blackford you'll be so good to find
a proper conveyance for; & the other is from
M'. Smallwood at Frederica.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol, 21.)
Mb. Causton To the Honoble the Trustees for
establishing Georgia in America Received
27, May 1738 .Savannah, Mch. 1, 1737-8
Gentlemen I herewith Inclose an Accotmt of the Stores
reced on the Arrivall of M'. Thomas Stephens
being on the 21". of December As also the theTore/.
names of the Passengers who came with him, —
Aimong them M'. Isaac Gibbs being desireous
to live near M'. John Amory with whom he
seems to have contracted an intimacy has waved

Incloses an

104

Colonial Records

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

Mr. Gibbs
settles on
Tomocha-chi's land.

Compaints
against Mr.
Bradley.

his Setling at Abercorn and is Setled with said
Amory on a Spott of Land lying between
Tomochachi's Land, and that intended to be
granted to Joseph Watson ; As M'. Gibbs had
brought with him sundry goods which he hopes
to dispose of to advantage, I have, (till such
disposall can be) credited him with necessarys
for himself and family ; being not otherwise in
his power so to do, whereby he is enabled and
has began to cultivate his Land; M'. Amory
land he are both well pleased with their Situa
tion, But M'. Samuel Wathey did not arrive
here, of w*". I have taken notice in my journall.
The Servants sent by the three Sisters were
put into Employ according to the inclos'd Lists
to wait the Arrivall of General Oglethorpe
according to your Orders, whereby you will
perceive, I have Litterally excuted them : But I
tbink it my Duty at the same time to Acquaint
you, that had not M'. Bradley reced your Orders
to demand them of me, exclusive of those
which you particularly ordered to be employ'd
at the Store, Crane, Gardens, Saw Mill, and
for Capt' Gascoigne I should not have putt them
under his Care; Whereby it would have been
in my power to have made other savings, than
there is at present any probability of making;
My reasons for making this Observation to
Your Honors is as follows . —
M'. Bradley has not, nor does regard the Cul
tivation of your ffarms pursuant to his Con
tract or proposalls to M'. Oglethorpe in any
Degree; But contrary wise is puitting youx

COEEESPONDENCE 105

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

Honors to Immense, and unnecessary charges
by daily purchasing materialls, hiring work-
, ^, , 1 . .J, Obtaining
men, receivmg provisions, and Clothing dor credits xm-
Servants and Self under pretence of Your pretences.
Honors Service and at the same time, apply
ing them to his own particular Benefitt, whilst
he letts his own Servants to hire; That these
his expences may particularly appear I herewith
inclose his Account, under such heads as might
¦appear to you most intelligible, I which I should
have been more particular could I, in any Shape
have induced him to have joined with me in an
Explanation, But instead thereof, I am daily
pester 'd with accounts of his Clamours in all his
Conversations, reflecting upon Your Honors casting re-
for owing him flve or Six hundred pounds Sterl- upon°theTrustees.
ing and upon me for not paying it, with many
other things of much the same nature; The
particulars of w*". (as farr as I could, from time
to time recollect) are sett forth in my journall.
This Behaviour of his is the more grievous to
me and intolerable with Regard to your Honors,
by reason I have constantly complyed with many
of his Requests, in compassion to Storeys which
he has from time to time related concerning the
Circumstances of his family ; I am sorry to say,
that after all this Extravagant and unsufferable
behaviour, he has never employd nor Suffered
any one of the German ffamilys to work on any
of Your Honor's Farms, but has employ'd them Dishonest in
wholly on a five Acre Lott belonging to One of servants."
his Sons ; Sometimes pretending that he wants
Roads to be made to them. And at others, that
he wants more ffarms to be sett out, altho there

106 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

is not 20 Acres of the first ffarm yet cultivated;
Concerning this particular, he has made great
complaints against M'. Jones the Survey our,
But as M'. Jones removes these complaints from
time to time, by doing everything he requires
(of that Kind he is now with', such an excuse.

Rumors con
cerning

The Rumors concerning Spanish Claims and
Ipani'sh Intentions against Georgia continue to be very
intentions, iudustriously Spread here, both by Speaking,
writing and printing; But the Measures, which
his Majesty has been pleased to take, by giving
his Comission to M'. Oglethorpe and Ordering a
Regiment to protect his Subjects in their posses
sion here; And the daily expectation of the
Arrivall of part of them under a Lieutenant Col
lonel convinces the People that the Colony will
be effectually supported.
As the obtaining this protection is an instance
of Your Honors unwearied endeavours for the
peoples Safety, the Invidious Doubts (by the
Colonys Enemys must consequently cease. And
the People with one consent allow, that their
Civill priviledges and Libertys will be also pre
served, and not fail, so to behave themselves
towards Our Protectors as to Demonstrate the
sense we have of the Obligations we are under
to His Majesty for his particular Care.
Mr. Robert Hay, being gone to Carolina, I
have given him notice that His Grant arrived —
Mess". Crockatt and Seaman of Charles Town
have sent me (pursuant to your Orders ten
peices of Osnabugs containing 1070 yards for

Cobbbspondence 107

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

which I have given them a Receit which is sett
forth (among other things in the Invoice men
tion'd to be recd 31". Jauy.
Captain Daubuz arriv'd here the 16'". of
January and delivered me Your Orders Dated
12'". of October As also the severall Stores as
mention'd in the inclos'd Account to which is
Subjoyn'd the Passenger's names who came by
said Ship.
I reced Your Honours Orders by Gap'. Ayres
dated the 5'" of November last by way of
Charles Town on the 31". of January together TpstSons
with the severall particular Stores &c according German *°
S GW 3>n t s
to the inclos'd Account. Agreable to these. I
took the first Oppertunity of acquainting M'.
Bradley, that I had reced particular instructions
relating to the German Servants, which I was
ordered to Comunicate to them, so desir 'd him
to let me know, when twou'd be most convenient
for those under his care to come to me; he
seemed to set a time but as they did not come
accordingly (by w'. means I know not) I was
prevented from telling them my Instructions till
I sent for them by another hand which was not
¦till the 8'". of february; On which Occasion,
they were well pleased, and very thankfull for
your Honours care towards them; They desir 'd
some little additions to be made to their Stip
ulated Allowances, which in Consideration of
the Continuance of their Diligence, And that
they might be easy in Your Honours Service,
And to raise their desire of Setling in the
Colony. I comply'd with; As is particularly

108

Colonial Recobds

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

Severall
familys, thro' Brad
ley's ill-
treatment,procure dif
ferent
masters.

Diflicultmatter to
keep a
debtor from
bein'g torn
to pieces.

mention'd in my journall, Since this, some of
the said Servants have recd of me their Passage
money according to Mess'. Hopes Receits;
Severall familys of them, have (as they alledge)
thro' Bradley's ill treatment procurd them
selves Masters who have answered to your
Honours in Account for their respective Pass
ages and have made fresh A^eements more to
their satisfaction the particulars of these altera
tions (when the Six weeks is expir'd) shall be
transmitted. Imediately on Receipt of these last mention'd
Orders I acquainted M'. Burton that I was
directed to Assign over the Indenture of John
Evans to him on his paying me. 6*. 5'. sterling
for Your Honours use, — He at first, seem'd
doubtfull whether he would trouble himself
about it, but he is now endeavouring to raise it.
I have acquainted M'. West of his Promisory
Note, but his present Circumstances are in such
a Situation, that 'tis with great difficultys, that
I can preserve him from being tore to pieces by
others ; And on this Occasion, JL must beg leave
to repeat, that Your Honours particular direc
tions for regulating Creditt and Suing for Debts,
which you was pleas'd to promise by your
Secretary in his Letter dated the 7'". March
1736, are much wanted, daily instances occur
ring, that many people, to gratify their Revenge
for trifling Injurys seek each others distruction_[
— ^particulars of which will appear in my
journall. M'. William Harris dyed here in August last

Cobeespondencb 109

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

leaving behind him a Widow and one child. As
it will appear in my journall, that I have as
Occasion offered resented his ill Conduct here,
and in Compassion to his necessitys forgave it,
I would certainly have dismisst him from all
other further Services, according to your
Oomands) had [sic] been alive when they
arrived, nor will I at any time contenance the
least ill behaviour in any one.
As I shall close all Establishments to the 25'".
of March next I shall diligently observe your
Orders with regard to Frederica and Darian,
by allowing the quantity of flower Rice or Com
as is therein mention'd.
George Sauftleaver, who by the Recomenda-
tion of M'. Boltzius has undertook to deliver this
at your Honours Office with his own hands is an
Inhabitant of Ebenezer and as M'. Boltzius in
forms intends to proceed to Germany with
Letters from all the Inhabitants to their respec
tive friends, advising them of their happy Situa
tion and inviting others to apply to Your
Honors that they might come to them. —
Vessells from the Northward frequently ar
rive here with Provisions ; And as it might be
necessary. As well to keep the Market low, as to
give Encouragement for their Coming when
they may be more wanted, I have hitherto
bought such parts of their loading (with regard
to comon food) which they cannot sell among
the People; Upon these terms they readily
tarry being well contented with my Certificate

110 Colonial Records

And. Millar to Mr. Verelst.

to their Accounts for payment ; By this means
the Colony is past Danger of wanting neces
sarys The Establishments are in some measure
discharg'd by the Issues; Aind a Saving will
evidently appear by the usuall advance of the
Prices; Tho' this occasions much trouble and
renders Accounts Voluminous, It Supplys those
Deficiencys which will appear on the making up
the Severall heads of limitted expences, till such
time as your Honors can Compleat Your Orders
and ascertain your severall establishments.
I beg leave to Subscribe myself
Yo' Honors

most Dutifull Servant
T. Causton.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
And. Millar to Mr. Verelst at Y^ Georgia
Office in old Palace Yrd. Westminister,
London 18 March 1737/8.
Sir, I rec*. a letter lately from my B'. Robert from
Jamaica dated 9 Decem'. 1737 Wherein he
writes he was to Sail for Vera Cruz in 2 or 3
days in order to go to Mexico, y' he is lilt [sic]
wiry weak, but hopes y*. Sea-air will do him
service, y' he proposes on his return to Jamaica
to spend six M". there in y* Service of his con-

Correspondence 111

Wm. Bradley to Mr. Harman Verelst.

stituents for y* lost time his sickness has occa
sioned. With y' Conveniency you'll please pay
his Xma" J4 year w*. will oblige.
Sir Y'. weary humble Ser".
And. Millar.

L*. Petre's has paid his Share
of y* 14 year due Xma" 2 M". a;go.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Wm^ Bradley to Me. Habman Vebelst, the
Honoeable the Teustees Office, in Old
Palace Yaed, Westministee Savannah March 29'". 1738.
Sir This comes by M'. Cooksey who is come over
to settle some affaires & designs to return very
Shortly, he intends to bring with him some
servants for himself and eight or ten for me,
to put in the place of those that are dead. I
have wrote to M'. Mosely to provide them for
me and told him the perticular persons I want
and that I had wrote to you to pay the charges,
which I desire You'l do, if you have any money
of mine in your hands, if not, that you'l beg the
favour of the Hon"', the Trastees to pay it and
charge it to my Ace".
I beg You'l give my duty to Generall Ogle-

Serranta.

112 Colonial Recobds

Isaac Toung to the Trustees.

thorpe and the rest of the Hon*"* Gentlemen of
the Trust.
I shou'd be glad to have an answer to my last
letters and to know if you have reced any money
for me at the same time

Yo'. most Oblig'd
and Obed*. Hu"'*. Serv*.
W". Bradley.

P. S. Pray let M'. Mosely
have your Answer and he will
provide them for me by any Ship
that comes this way if you will
see the charges paid there.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Isaac Young to the Honoeable the Teustees
FOE Establishing the Colony of Geobgia in
Ameeica att theie office att old Palace
Yabd. Westminister. Georgia March 29 1738.
Honoured Sirs
I arrived in this Colony Aug*. 21". 1736 on
board Cap*. Thompson with my Wife & Seven
Children and a Servant all at my own Expence
I Apply*, very often to have my Grant for one
hundred acres Run out and was as often prom
ised att Last I with Some others was Pitched

Cobeespondencb 113

Isaac Toung to the Trustees.

upon by M'. Causton to Settle a Village In
pursuance of which one M'. Aglionby and my lf^°^ °°°^'
Self went in Search of a Convenient place and clufton.*^"^*
was out Sixteen Days in the Woods before we
Dermined [sic] where we should Settle which
is about Six MUes-from Savannah when we had
taken all that trouble we Could have but Fifty
Acres Each, then we Resolved to wait M'.
Ogletohrpe'. Arrivall before we would make
Any other attempt. In the interim I and all my
family fell Sick of which Sickness one of my
Children died and we all Continued 111 from
June to October . but before we fell Sick I was
Indebted to the Store by M'. Caustons books
about twenty five pounds Sterling, and as Soon
as we fell Sick he refus*. us any Manner of Sub
sistence told me he Sho*. be Accomptable to
your Honours for what I had had and that we
have Nothing from him. in this Deplorable Con
dition we Lived on Hominy for about Six weeks
tin I was advis*. to Make my Case known to
M'. Robert Williams of this Place who Bought
from the Store for us every thing needfull &
paid the Debt I ow*. to the Store without whose
assistance I and aU my f amUy must have r>er- Favor of Mr.
. .. ., ± Robert
ish*. for want I am now Working att the Brick- wmiams.
layers Business to Endeav'. to pay him the Am*.
of his acco'. which is in all thirty five Pounds
Ster : I have a few Days Ago taken Possession
of a tract of Vacant Land but cannot tell
whether it will be Confirm*, to me or not or
what quantity I shall have, having mett with
little but Disapointm" since I came here if your
Honours would Grant me a little assistance and

114 Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

God Continue me and my family in health I
hope yet to gett a Livelihood in y* Colony my
family being most of them able to work and are
bred up in Countrey Business from their Cradle
the want of having a Place to Settle on oblidg*.
me to pay a great deal of money for house rent
which with the Doctors Bills and other misfor
tunes has Reduced me very Low.
This will be deliver*, you by my Son in Law
who Can Inform y'. honou". of the Particulars /
I am Your honours most Dutifull and
Obedient humble Servant Isaac Young.
Red I Endorsed and
Wax ¦ [sent to Mr.
Seal J Stephens
to inquire into the Allegations of the Petition
whether the ground is fit for his Planting on or
no. acqt him with the negligence of the Survey
ors, and that he should call upon them to do
their duty.]

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. Will Stephens to the Honoeable Teus

tees.

Honourable Gentlemen
I wrote you of the 27 ulf"*. by the hands of
M'. George S*. Leaver, who went for England,
w*" Dispatches committed to his care by the

Cobeespondencb 115

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Rev* M'. Bolzius & others of Ebenezer, as I was
informed ; but in what Ship he sailed I have not
learnt yet; tho' I expect to be advised from
Charles Town: so hard a matter is it to get
Intelligence from thence, w*" depends wholly
on Chance.
Whilst I was preparing matters to lay regu
larly before you, as hitherto ; I am on a sudden
informed, y' M'. Cooksey, one of our Freehold- ^^^^1°''
ers, is going in all hast for England, to settle ° ^ '
some affairs, and return again the latter end
of the Summer, intending to set out for Charles
Town immediately, wherefore in Obedience to
your Commands not to let any opportunity slip
of writing, I lay hold of this; hoping you'll
pardon my Brevity at present ; time not permit
ting me to enter into sundry particulars, w°" I
purpose to offer very soon to your perusal :
moreover, as his Friends live in Worcestershire,
I understand he has it in his thoughts to go by
the way of Bristol; & if so, I conceive 'tis not
the readiest way to transmit such Dispatches
as are of most importance .
May it suffice now to acquaint you, y' I have
the pleasure to see the Scene changed here to
a more agreeable prospect than what was before more
us for some months past; & instead of conten
tion about publick affairs; all has the appear
ance of Peace and Quiet : so that 'tis to be
hoped we shall grow wiser in time ; tho ' I wish
I could say there were not yet a few left, who
seem brooding over Discontent, & willing to
hatch more Mischief : but whatever dark Views

116 Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

they may have; I see plainly the Body of the
people are pretty well tired in following such
cabaiung, daugerous Guides; & at this juncture, instead
people busy ° ' « 7
planting. ^f Caballing, busy in planting; w* they are so
much in earnest about, y' from what we already
see, 'tis computed they'll far exceed any year
foregoing; & if it proves a prosperous Season,
the Produce may probably go a great way to
ward supporting this part of the Colony. This
indeed far surpasses any expectation of mine
some time ago ; and demonstrates (I think) that
if the same people had been let alone to them
selves, & not seduced to murmer, & grow tumul
tuous, when they should have been about their
honest Labour; they would have done much
more. I would rather chuse to forbear saying
more on this head, till I see planting over; &
then at winding up the Bottom, twill appear
plain what is done; w"". (as I said in my former)
I shall then lay before you particularly.
Not having any Lands yet run out for my
In re rd to ^^^ Bchoof, in pursuance of your Honours
ofVrScrel. ^^^^t to me ; because I was willing and Desirous
of having the happiness to be advised in it by
General Oglethorpe, when we shall have the
Benefit of his Presence among us again ; I have
hitherto employd my Servants in clearing and
cultivating all the 5 acre : Lot, and as much of
the 45 as they have been able to do, by reason
of Sickness (about 15 acres or more in all)
being the Freehold of Ben : Ball a Son in Law
of mine, w* I am now planting : and as I am
informed there is a parcell of 500 acres w*" M'.

Cobeespondencb 117

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Watson sate down upon some years ago, when
very little was done to it, & nothing since; & I
dont find theres any likely hood y' there ever
will be any father Improvements made by him ;
or y' he ever had any Grant of it; for which
reason I am also informed several have it in
their View to make application to your Honours
for it : I would presume to be a competitor for reservation
five miles
the same : it lies about 5 miles up the River ; and "p ^^^ '''¦'«'¦•
is therefore so much the more desirable by me ;
because if I could be so conveniently seated,
with regard to the nearness of this Town, where
I could at any time be in few hours; I should
be always the better capacitated to execute your
Honours Instructions, w'". that punctuality w""
the Duty of your Servant requires: whereas
were I to settle in a remote part, it would be
hardly practicable for me to come at the knowl
edge of many things w*". ought not to escape
me. What I would be glad of therefore is, y'.
your Honours wiU be so good to reserve it at
leastwise from being granted to any other per
son, who may apply for it; & when your De
termination is known concerning what Right or
Claim M'. Watson may pretend to (if any) ; I
shall then humbly submit it to your considera
tion how far I may be thought worthy of obtain
ing such a Favour.
Honourable Gentlemen
Your most Obedient humble Servant
Will: Stephens.
To the honourable
the Trastees.

118 Colonial Recobds

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(Prom B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Will: Stephens to Mes Haeman Vebelst ac
comptant, TO THE Honoeable the Teustees
FOB Establishing the Colony of Geobgia at
THEIE Office neae the Old Palace Yard-
Westministeb. Red Wax
Seal
Savannah . 29 Mar. 1738.
S'. The hast I write in, and the Occasion, you'll
see by the enclosed; so y' I can add little. If
you think the favour I beg, to be reasonable, I
promise my self you will be so kind to promote
it; w"" I shall be much oblidged to you for .
The want of advice in so long time (at least
wise I have had none) from your Office, leaves
us very much in the dark what News we are
next to expect ; whilst some Disaffected are apt
to plume upon it ; & our Ears are daily filld with
idle Rumours, sufficient, if credited, to distract
fflied with us all: but I am still sanguine enough to hope
Idle rumors. ° o r-
better things than such Skoffers industriously
spread, to terrify the Unwary. One word or
two y' would suggest the completion of what we
have impatiently waited to see ; namely w*. time
our General purposed to visit this Colony,
again, & when some of those Forces, his Fore
runners, might be expected; would animate all
afresh who are well disposed ; which in truth I

Cobeespondencb 119

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

think comprehends the Bulk of the people : and
such as have audaciously discovered a different
temper, but not get leamd fully to repent, must
of necessity draw in their horns. All the talk Talk of a
at Charles Town, by a Gentleman y' came thence our at
Charles-
lately, is of a New Governour there, & the Name ^°'^-
of our Friend seems quite forgot; w'". abund
ance more to the same purport. Can these
things be so ? When you are so kind to write, be
so good to let your pen convey some cordial, y'
we faint not.
I wrote you last of the 27 of Feb, by the same
conveyance I made use of to the Trustees : I
shall very soon trouble you with another, when
probably I shall fill more paper than now I can.
Be so kind to make offer of my due Respects,
where you know I would wish to pay that
Tribute : and Ijeep me in your thoughts as
S'. Your most assured humble Servant
Will: Stephens.
P. S. Just as I was going to seal my letter , I
had the pleasure of receiving your Letter of the
14'". of December, importing the Hon"'*. Trus
tees Commands in a few particulars, w*" shall
be duly observed ; and also I have your Favour
of the 13*". D°. in a separate letter, w*" brings
such joyfull news as were almost sufficient to
make a Cripple dance : what effect it may have
on me I cant tell : I '11 let you know in my next
how it agrees with me — God speed 'em well,
honest Men, and send 'em safe into these Re-

120 Colonial Recoeds

Jas. Gascoigne to Mr. Thos. Causton.

gions. I have not many minutes left me for
this Post script: nevertheless I cant shut up
Takes a let- ^i^hout observing w' a distance of time there is
tftfavT'bi'- between the 13'" Dec. & the 29 Mar: Where can
v^ah and tMs Stoppage be? Surely tis at Charles Town;
Town. betwixt which place & this, tis an ordinary thing
for a letter to be a month finding its way: w*".
is very scandalous; and I have hinted it more
then once in my letters to the Trustees; who
have rec*. divers of 'em I hope from me since
my arrival here; tho' at the time yours is dated
they had none. I could say a great deal more,
but must defer it till my next: So I bid you
Adieu My Good Friend, and must always wish
to be esteemd Your Real humble Serv'.
W. S.
M'. Causton is at present pretty much
indisposed in a sort of intermitting Feaver,
w°" took him about 4 or 5 days since ; but
I hope tis wearing off.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
James Gascoigne to Mr. Thomas Causton.
Beaufort, April 6, 1738
Sir This day arrived here Cap'. William Lyford
of this Place who went from hence some time
ago, to Philadelphia and was bound from thence

Correspondence 121

Jas. Gascoigne to Mr. Thos. Causton.

vessels.

to S'. Augustine, but coming off that Barr the 3
Instant was very much Surpriz'd to find four
Sail lying at Anchor, one of which seem'd to be "y'w? at
*' ^ ' anchor sup-
a Ship of Great Force : and two more coming in ipanuh" ***
from the Offing, which were large Topsail Ves
sells, and as he Sail'd towards them, being
within 2 or 3 miles he hoisted his CoUours but
they wou'd not shew theirs, and he perceived
several Boats going and Coming from the Town,
to the Vessells, as if they were transporting
some things from thence on Board the said Ves
sells. He not thinking it safe to go amongst
them (being Supercargo of the Sloop he was in)
desir 'd the Master H . . . Brixy to bear away
and ran into Port Royall; for he believ'd them
to be Enemys. Cap'. Brixy told him when he
came last from S'. Augustine the Captain of the
Horse there, told him when he return'd there
again, if he should see any Vessells off the Barr
not to be afraid but to come in

Notwithstanding the said Will: Lyford verily
believes them by their Posture & Actions to be a
Fleet of Spanish Ships bound to Georgia or this
Province. Have sent you a Copy of M'. Lyf ords
and 2 of the Men that were aboard their Affidts :
I have dispatchd the Originalls to Charles Town.
S'. We are Your most humble Servants.
Beaufort April 6". 1738.
A True Coppy. Ja :. Gascoigne.
To M'. Tho'. Causton.

122 Colonial Records

Jas. Gascoigne to Mr. Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Jas. Gascoigne to Mb. Verelst.
6 Apr. 1738
(sic) +

write.

Hawk in Alatamaha River
Georgia April the 13'": 1738.

Sir

I have your Favour of the 13'" of Decem"r.
which Obliges Me to Acknowledge the Honour
therein done Me, by the Honourable the Trus
tees . and shall Endeavour to deserve their Good
Opinion to be Continued.
I have receiv'd the Enclos'd (last night) from
M'. Causton, which Came to him (by Express)
Guarding from Carolina, — Being just Clean'd and fitted,
the South- ) o d i
sSes.^^" I ^^^ design 'd to Cruize to Savannah; to Meet
the Transports : but have now Chang 'd my Reso
lution (on this Advice) thinking it most for the
Service to Continue at this Place, to Guard (and
keep Open) the Southern Passages, and shall
use all Possible Means to get the Best Intelli
gence from the Southward, and to that Purpose,
Sail to morrow. The Depositions of Some Sea
men belonging to the Vessel wherein Lyford
was, only Confirming the Advice (Enclos'd) I
Omit it

I am Sir

M'. Verelst.

Your most Obed"". Serv"'.
Ja'. Gascoigne.

Correspondence 123

Rev. Jno. Martin Bolzius to Mr. Harman Verelst.
(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 2L)
The Rev. John Martin Bolzius to Mr. Verelst
AT London. Received 13 Dec. 1738
Ebenezer April 13'". 1738.
Dear Sir,
Being at Savannah upon necessary Business
the 4'". of this Month, I had the Satisfaction of
receiving the Honour of your Letter dated the
14'" of Dec . last, the Contents of which as well
as many other testimonies of your Favour make
me believe, you will accept my humble Lines, Aoknowiedg-
which my Duty obliges me to write in answer refeived°b™
to yours, with the same Kindness, as I was ers.
favoured with always heretofore. I humbly
thank you for the Trouble, you was pleased to
take in acquainting me with the Continuance of
the great Favours which the Honourable the
Trustees have resolved anew to heap upon us &
our Flock, increasing the Charges of Building
our Houses & a School-House to 30 £ Sterl. &
allowing the last Saltzburgers Cattle, Hoggs,
Poultry & other necessaries, which M'. Causton
will procure as soon as possible he can. I beg
leave to assure you that we count ourselves
quite unworthy of all those & other Benefits,
which are above 4 years bestowed upon us, &
never will be wanting to beseech our merciful
God for rewarding the Hon"'* the Trustees &
other Benefactors sevenfold for them, By the
gracious Assistance of God & the fatherly Care
of our dear Benefactors & especially the Hon"'*.
the Trustees several Difficulties, which new Set-

124 Colonial Records

Rev. Jno. Martin Bolzius to Mr. Harman Verelst.
tiers in a young Colony needs must go under,
are past away, & we use now already here by the
same Goodness of God many Preferences for
other people of our native Country, which give
us a very strong Hope of being longer the hap
pier. Every one of us, who fears God in Truth,
thanks the Almighty Giver in publick & privat,
.A. D oi o crl Z 69
for mention- & joius with US to put up to Mm fervently hearty
"ain fundf' Wishes & PraycTs for the Happiness, Health &
happy long Life of our Benefactors. I beg hum
bly this Kindness of you to excuse my Boldness
to the Honourable the Trustees, which I have
made in mentioning the shortness of 16 £ for
Building our Houses, & in representing the
Saltzburgers Wants & Difficulties, which I
thought my Duty & the great Confidence, wMch
I have reason enough to place in their Benevo
lence, would oblige me to. We are all heartily
satisfy 'd with every Thing, which God inclines
the Hearts of our dear Superiors, to resolve for
our Welfare, especially being fully persuaded
of their generous & *prizeworthy Intention,
which aims only at the promoting, the true Hap
piness of sober & industrious people. I beg the
Favour of you to remember mine & my Fellow-
labourers most humble Respects to them, assur
ing them of our Sensibility, which we have of
all the received Benefits, endeavouring ourselves
with out Flock to the utmost of our power to
let every body know, that what is bestow 'd upon
us, may be bestowed well to God's Honour &
our Benefactors Satisfaction. We & our Saltz
burgers live in a very good Health, being now
• praise worthy.

Cobeespondencb 125

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

very busy in planting their cleared Grounds
[which] amount about to 200 Acres, of wMch
they hope by the Blessing of God this year bet
ter Crops, than it happined last year.
Pray, Please to present my most humble
Respect to the Hon"'*. James Vernon Esq; re
tuming Him many sincere Thanks for his many
Favours, & please to accept my hearty good
Wishes & Service of him who is with great
Pleasure Dear Sir
your most humble & obedient
Servant John Martin Bolzius.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Wills : Stephens to Me. Habman Vebelst, ac
comptant TO the Honoeable the Teustees
fob Establishing the Colony of Geobgia at
THEIE Office in the Old Palace Yard.
Westminister. Received July 12, 1738
Red
Wax Saal

(Savannah 15 Apr. 1738.

S'

I wrote to the hon"'*. Trustees and you of the
27 of Feb: by M'. George S'. Leaver, who sailed
(as I since heard) in the S'. Andrew, Cap'. Sted-

126 Colonial Records

Wm. Stephens to' Mr. Harman Verelst.

man, bound for Cowes: in that letter was en
closed my Joumal continued to that time;
together with Duplicate of my farmer letter of
the 19'". of Jan : sent by Cap' Adam Montgomery
in the Prince William; and also divers other
papers containing the then present State of our
Settlements to the South, which I had newly
visited. M'. Coosey (one of our Freeholders
here) going lately for England; I had just an
opportunity upon a few minutes warning, to
write again by him short letters to the Trastees
and you of the 29 of Mar : but by what Ship he
is saild from Charles Town I have not yet
learnt. At the same time you receive this, you'll also
(I presume) have ample Dispatches from M'.
Causton, informing the hon"'*. Trustees in what
feopardy. ^ State of Jeopardy we live here at present:
wherefore 'twould be needless in me to recite
matters, w*". will otherwise appear in a proper
Form; more especially as I now enclose a con
tinuation of my Journal from y* 27 Feb to this
time ; wherein I seldom fail to run even into the
most minuete Passages y' occur, & am particular
(I fear) to a fault, herewith I also send Dupli
cates of my late letters by M'. St. Leaver & M'.
Cooksey. Your own Imagination will inform you, as
well as I can, what Countenances we wear at
this instant: some calm and resolute; some
wavering & doubtfull of the Event and others
overcome with object Fears; insomuch y' they
have been looking for some Creephole out of the

Georgia in a

Cobeespondencb 127

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Province, for the Safety (as they would have it
believed) of their wives and Familys. The
general Cry is, y' the Port begun last year, &
carried to such a length, not being since made po^t needs
defensible, leaves 'em no place to retreat to for nishedf"'^'
refuge, in case they are overpowered. Should
it come to such a Push, I am apt to think the
Dons however may meet with a reception they
did not expect ; & there are not a few among us,
I see, who are ready to dispute the Right of
Georgia with 'em, if they try it : w*" undoubtedly
they were just ready for very lately, when we
little thought of it; as appears from the late
Informations ; & would have visited us 'ere now, gpl^faii"^
had not the Court of iSpain Providentially put ^°'^i°''-
a Stop to it; as Prere deposes, if he is to be
credited : nevertheless, at best, as they ac
knowledge of y'°Selves, y' their design is to
build a Fort on the Old Apalachee Fields ; That
will certainly raise contention among the In
dians in separate alliance with them and us ; &
probably be the occasion of some Ravage, &c.
In the mean while, till we know farther, an
absolute Stop is put to any Persons saoms; out of stored
il -r. • ,1 , 1 » & f^Qjjj leaving
the Jrrovmce ; that howsoever their own Courage ^^^ Province.
may fail 'em. others may not become intimida
ted by their Flight. Tis to be hoped a few days
more will give us a full view of the Spaniards
intentions; & tis both hoped & wishd, y' in as
little time we may have the pleasure of seeing
Collonel Cochran, & some true Britons at his
heels, who will effectually clear all Doubts
among us. We think it long since we were first
bid to expect 'em ; w*" your kind letter of the 13'"

128 Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Letter en-

of Dec confirmed, & thereby enlivend us all. Let
it suffice at present to asknowledge the rec'. of
yours of the 14'". of Dec. containing some short
Orders from the Trustees, which I shall pay due
regard to.
M'. Jennys (Brother to him lately deceased,
and newly come to Charles Town from London)
S.^*jennys. having been with us in this Town for 2 or 3 days.
and informing us y' he designs to make his
abode in Charles Town for a year or two at
least, & that the House will be continued there
in the same manner as formerly; I cannot
scrapie to comit this to his care; as M'. Causton
also tells me he shall what he has to send : and
as he purposes to go off hence early in the
Moming, & withall tells me there is a ship ready
to sail for England in few days ; I hope these
may find a speedy conveyance: and I promise
my self the honorable Trustees will pardon me,
if I defer laying a long letter before 'em (as I
now intended) till a more convenient season;
when without any hurry I may coolly deliver
my thoughts on divers affairs, which possibly
may not be judged altogether triffling.
I remain

S'. Your very humble Servant
Will Stephens.
Be so kind to make my Compliments
of due Respect to all Friends whom
you see and know I have a just value
for.

Coerespondencb 129

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Mb. T. Causton to the Teustees 20 Apbil,
Received 16 June 1738.
To the Honoble the Trastees for establishing
Georgia in America. —
Gentleman On the 8'". instant I recd advices from Mess*.
Digg and Woodward two of His Majestys
Justices of the Peace at Beaufort of which the
enclos 'd is a Copy ; These I Imediately sent by
the Messenger to the Southward with Coppys to
Cap' Gascoigne M'. De Legall M'. Horton and
Lieutenant Mckintosh.
Captain Mcpherson and Cap'. Eneas Mckin
tosh being there, I had the opportunity of giv
ing them personall Notices, and receiving their
severall promises to be Vigilant and keep in
Readiness for any necessary Service.

of a

This iSuddain Alarm coming to my hands be- owner
fore my Letter of the Seventh instant was tS¥sl
finisht has ablig'd me to Postpone it by tMs the ^prehenled
Preference. On the 11'". at night arriv'd here a Schoonei;
from St. Augustine which belong 'd to Caleb
Davis residing at that place; he having occas
ionally let fall Expressions concerning the State
of affairs there. He was apprehended by the
Officers on Duty and brought to Examination
the next Moming, a Copy of which I also
inclose.

130 Colonial Recobds

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

A's tMs is a Confirmation of the first Advices,
with other particulars I sent a Coppy of this
Examination to the President of the Kings
Councill at Carolina, As also (by Water ex
press) to Captain Gascoigne.
On tMs Day the Land Messenger retum'd and
brought me the enclos'd Answers to mine of the
eighth. As to that of Captain Gascoigns, he having in
a former Letter given me particulars of Stores
necessary for repairs of Boats, I have procur'd
& sent some part of them and am endeavoring to
gett the Remainder wMch I shall respectively
, send so soon as they come to my hand.
As to that of Mr. De Legall; Our Wheelright
^S'Tundry (P^^^^^ ^OT waut of particular Instractions) has
parties. jjeeu a long time making Carriages for the Guns
under his Care, but having finisht only Six I
sent them on the 12th. instant. And the Remain
der will be finisht in a short time.
As to that from M'. Thornton I have Sup
plyd him with Amunition pursuant to your
Orders and particularly on the third day of
March last At Mr. Augspourgers request (he
being here in person) supply'd that Store with
One barrill Cannon Powder 14 quarter Cash HF
Powder (very good) 1*'. 2"'. 20*'. Musket Ball
and four hund*. w'. trad^ Bullets which he him
self examin'd and Approv'd being all the Can
non Powder I then had.
As M'. Bromfield has now no Powder. I am
afraid it is out of my Power to get any that is

Cobeespondencb 131

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

good, elsewhere. But shall use my Endeavour to
prevent a Want of any thing so necessary for
Defence. As to that of Mr. Mckintosh at the Darian he
advises that he wants neither for Provisions or from sundry
parties.
Amunition. It is necessary for me on this Occasion to
Represent to your Honours the present State of
Our Own Arms and Amunition and therefore
referr my self to the enclos'd account.
Upon my receiving the first Advances of tMs
Alarm the Constables called the People to Arms arms and
^ ammunition.
by Beat of Drum, and there appeared at 4 Hours
notice about eighty persons. Of whom (accord
ing to their Report) there was not above 4
Defective in their Arms.
The People in Generall continue their usuall
Alertness on these Occasions. But the former
Clamours for Forts and Comanding Officers Re
vives, concering w°". I have a Steady Regard to
Your Orders and will not act otherwise.
On the 18'". inst M'. Montaigut communicated
to me a letter of w*". the inclos 'd is a Coppy from
the President of the Councill for South Caro
lina. He complain 'd very much, of being unable ""^ asks
^ .; 7 o jjelp in Bup-
to Supply the Indians with Provisions on their ^ifijfa'to'
Arrivall and desir'd my assistance, As I had the ^"^'°"^-
same day reced 1700 bushells of Cbm from Mr.
Robert Ellis I offered to lend Mm 200, bushels to

132

Colonial Recoeds

Crockett & Seaman to Mr. Harman Verelst.

be retum'd in the like Specie, And I believe he
will accept it.
I beg leave to Subscribe myself
Yo' Honours Most Dutifull Serv'.
T. Causton.

Savannah
April 20'". 1738.

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Feom Ceockett & Seaman to Me. Hebman
Veeeells.

Sundry
goods and
t^o boys
for Mr.
Causton.

South Carolina 23*. Aprill 1738.
M'. Herman Vereells
Sir The 10'". last Jan''. Arryv'd here and Agreea
ble to y'. Orders, on the 16'". ditto. Sent up the
Sundry good & the two Boys you were pleas 't
to Send under ur Care for M'. Tho': Causton
as also ten pise [sic] the best Ozenbriggs I darr
Say ever went to that place — all which Arryv'd
Safe and in good Order — as we Learnt from
the Master of the Vessell that Carried them
up having his bill Loading discharg'd — wee
paid Mm the fraight of which woud have sent
you the Acco'. And done ourselves the the
Pleasure of Writing you ier [sic] now had wee
not been prevented by M'. Tho'. Causton 's never
Having Return'd any answer to our Sundry Let-

Cobeespondencb 133

Crockett & Seaman to Mr. Harman Verelst.

ters of 16'". Jan'^ 10'" Feb'^ & — Aprile — all
w*". wee are Certain were Safly deliver'd- &
Contain 'd no more then begging a Return that
wee might be Certain every thing went safe to
his hands : You had Sent Over under Our Care
And at Same time desyr'd his Receipt — Agreea- a^rioeipt.^*'
ble to your derections for the Ozenbriggs w°"
wee shou'd have now Sent — had wee gott it.
On the Otherside I have putt the Acco'. of them
and if you please may pay the money to M'.
Pomeroy & Son's on Our Acco'. Suposing M'.
Causton to have intimate [d].
the Receipt of them to you . Wee shall write
Mm Once more perhaps his great hurry may be
over & he may find time to Send an Answer w*".
if he doth's Shall Emediately forward you y*
Receip .
This day Capt". Scott in One of our Men of
Warr Arryv'd from befor S'. Augustin — where 2T^ye^^°^^
he had been to See what Number of Vessells
were their — he was 48 bowers at Anchor off
their Barr — & Says he only Saw One Sloop &
one Briganteen _ _ Wee have had Certain Ad
vices that the Spainairds were designd _ Against
Georgia tMs Spring — but are now by advices
from the Havanna — Ashur'd it's all Over &
that such is entirley laid aside — those Reports
has Occasiond Some Stirr here and at Georgia
for Some week's past but now all fear's Seam's
intirley Over _ Wee are daily in hopes of hear- oen. ogie
ing the Save Arryvall of Gen'. Oglethorp 's expSted.
Regm'. which is very Much Wish'd for — as
yett no Appearance of them.

134 Colonial Recoeds

Thos. Jenys to the Trustees.

Pray tender our best Respects to Gen'. Ogle
thorp and be fully Ashurd if in any Respect
wee can be Servioable _ nothing will give us
greater pleasure Lett us have the favour of
a Line from you & if any thing Offer's pray
Comands us wee _ are
S' Your Most Hum"': Serv".
Crokatt & Seaman .
Their is Leatly Arryv'd at S' Augustin 500
New^arHvais Men w'". their familys they are to build as I
gustine. jjg^j. _ Baracks on the Island of S'. John's to
N. w*. of Augustin & setle their — Their pay
Ship is also come _ w*. Enables them to dis
charge their Old Debts due here & at New
York.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Thos. Jenys to the Honoeable Teustees foe
Establishing the Collony of Georgia.
Charles Town S°. Carolina.
April 24: 1738.
Honourable Sirs,
The Removall of my Dear Brother To an
Eternal State has allready been signified to
your Honours.
He was pleased to appoint me with my Sister
brother°B °* liis ExecutoT & Executrix, which as the multi
plicity of Accounts subsisting as well with the
Estate of Jenys & Baker as my Late Brother

estate.

COEEESPONDENCE 135

Thos. Jenys to the Trustees.

renderd my Personal Appearance at this world
absolutely necessary & determind my Departure
from my native Country without any Delay.
The Accounts subsisting with your Honours
I have been at your Colony to settle with M'.
Causton & Goes ^ This Conveyance certified,
& Endorsd In favour of my Friends Mess'.
Smith & Bonovrier, which I make no doubt will
meet your Honours Approbation & Directions
for due discharge.
I have likewise Inclosd your Honours an
Acco: of the Difference in the Exchange S^^^^the""^"
amounting to £26 : 1 : 2 & Given my Draft for ^'¦"^*^^^-
it In favour of my above Friends, Relying on
your well-known Inherent Justice for The dis
charge of so equitable a demand. For sure I
am that you are Gentlemen of such Honour &
Equity as not to suffer the Estate of those who
In their Life Time demonstrated their Zeal in
promoting your Colony, to bear so great a Bur
then as the Loss of Interest & suffer by the
advance of Exchange too. The Legall Interest
of tMs Province would amount to three times
the difference of Exchange.
Your Honours will with the Certificate Re
ceive a Letter from M'. Causton, who I had the
Honour of being w'". at your Colony from the
12'". to 16'". Curr'. which Leads me to Interrupt
your Honours one moment longer, to Let you
know the great Care that was taken to defend
it against y Spaniards whose Appearance was
expected on the following Report.

136

Colonial Records

Thos. Jenys to the Trustees.

Province
alarmed by
certain
reports.

Spaniards
prepare for
a descent
upon Georgia.

A Sloop bound from New York for S'. Augus
tine was on the 3*. Instant off that Place when
the Super Cargo on board seeing two topsail
Ships at Anchor off the Bar & Eispying two
more in the Offi'n, & Observing the great num
ber of Launches passing to & from the Vessells
frightned him so much that he prevailed on the
Master to bear away for Port Royall, from
Whence an Express was dispatched hither that
allarmd the whole Province.
At my Arrivall in your Colony I met with one
Cap". Preu just arrivd from Augustine who
Related to me that he had been Prisoner at the
Havannah from -Sep'. Last to^ about the 26
March, that during his Stay there the Spaniards
had been making great preparations for a
Descent with as they gave out 7000 men on
Georgia but that a few days before his Depar
ture an Express Packet arriv'd telling all was
Peace, which the Spaniards were pleasd to give
out was Purchasd by the English with the Ses
sion of Portmahone, Gibraltar, Aye & Georgia
too the Consequence of the Express was that
one of their 60 Gunships was Imediately un-
riggd, & Instead of 7000 men Sent to Georgia,
500 Soldiers & about 150 Convicts were put
under Convoy of a 24 Gun Ship for Augustine,
& the s*. Preu sent in her & from thence got a
Passage to Port Royall, & made Georgia In his
way & is now In this Place, he further told me
that Peace was proclaimd at Augustine by beat
of Drum, but that on the following day another
Proclamation was made by Beat of Drum giving

COEEESPONDENCE 137

Thos. Jenys to the Trustees.

Freedom to any Negroe that would Come in to

Negroes and

bear Arms wMch brought In some who they put indu™
in arms & Gave out that they should have a
Reinforcement of about 150 Florida Indians, In
order to protect a Settlement at the Appalachia
Oldfields wMch I am apt to think theyll find a
harder Task to Effect than they Imagine, for
the Indians are not so Easily frightned away
from a Place they think they have so natural a
Right too.
Cap'. Scott of his Majesty's Ship Seaf ord has
been on y* Cruise So far as Augustine & came
in here yesterday & Says all looks quiet there Sediat°e*™'
Tj.T'1 -1 T-i-n-r ...• causo for ap-
so i think we may be very Easie for I conclude prehension.
the Express from old Spain was In Consequence
of the memorial deliverd that Court ^ M'. Keen
on the Depredations.
Your Forts & Passes were In good order &
well Guarded & a Constant watch on the Bluff ^°llL^^^
severall Boats had been out & Returnd in Peace ^"^^ °'"'^*''-
& Safety.
I have the pleasure to tell your Honours that
the Trees in your Garden were most of 'em In
a flourishing State So well as the Vines, I allso
saw your magazine of silk Worms which lookd ^""^ ^°™^-
very healthy & Sure I am that great Quantitys
may soon be produced & provided for. Some few
of the Oranges had met with the Tail of a
Blight w*. demolishd numbers In this Province.
I hope your honours will pardon this long
Epistle which my Zeal to Communicate any
Intelligence that Relates to your Colony would

138 Colonial Recobds

Jas. Gascoigne to Mr. Verelst.

not suffer me to omit, & shall not further En
crease your trouble then with the Profession
of being Your Honours
M'. Obed'. Hble Servant

Tho'. Jenys.

P. S. I shall Rejoyce to Execute
any your Honours Comm*'.
as my Predecessors had the
Honour to do.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Jas. Gascoigne to Me. Vebelst.
Hawk in Jekyl-Sound
Georgia April 25'". 1738.
Sir Since mine of the Thirteenth, (Enclosing the
Affidavit of one Lyford ; to have seen 6 Sail of
Vessells of the Barr of Augustine; the 3*. : of
this month.) on the 17'". I received a Letter from
fnmorii^ "^ Captain Scott of the Seaford, then at an Anchor
of this Barr informing me he was despatch 'd by
Capt". Windham, Who was to follow in a few
Days to join Me desiring to know, if I was under
any Apprehension of being attack 'd? If so. He
would Come in; if not? He wou'd Proceed on
to Augustine, and wou'd (at His return) let me
know in what Scituation He found the Span
iards. I acquainted Him to have heard nothing ; but
from the Account on which he Sail'd: and woud

attack.

Cobeespondencb 139

Jas. Gascoigne to Mr. Verelst.

Join Him in the morning Early, with the Hawk
and Ranger. — Accordingly I sail'd at Day
light, but found he had Sail'd in the night on
receiving my Letter ; by his Lieutenant.
Next Day I retum'd to the Sound, and re
ceiv'd the Enclosed,* despatch 'd from M'. Caus
ton. I left the Ranger without, to Cruize and
Give notice (to Me) of any thing might Come
in Sight, the 22*. the Seaford returnd When
Capt". Scott adised [sic] Me the Coast was
Clear; but that He had Counted 2 Snows, 1 pectation of

Brigantine, & Two Sloops in Augustine Har
bour : He lay off the Harbour 30 hours, in which
Time the Spamards fir'd many Guns; therefore
beleives His Visit Surpriz'd them . in Conse
quence of which, I am in daily Expectation of
a Launch according to the usual Custome of the
Spaniards on alike Occasion's I am
Your most Obed"'. Hum"'* Ser"'.
Ja'. Gascoigne.
M'. Verelst.

launch.

'[ Enclosure ]

Joseph Preu On His Examination Saith,
That He this Examinant arriv'd at the Havan- Deposition bv .ToHflrtTi
nah in the Sloop Unity on the 26'". day of Preu.
August 1737 being Employ'd on Board the said
Sloop as a Mate in Conveying Don Diego
Gonsaler Dias to that Place.

140

Colonial Recoeds

Jas. Gascoigne to Mr. Verelst.

was made a
prisoner by
Don Antonio
de Ana-
dondo.

Learns of a
force to in
vade the
Province of
Georgia.

That during His Stay there (Viz'.) on or
about the 26 day of Sepember last Don Antonio
de Anadondo sent for Him at His house "and He
Tells how he this Examiuant being come there, He the said
Don Antonio de Anadondo shut the door upon
Him, telling Him this Examinant He was a
Prisoner, that this Examinant was deiain'd
there till Evemng, under a Pretence that the
Governour wanted to Speak with Him Privately
but instead of that He was Secretly convey 'd
to the Moore Castle and kept under close Con
finement. That during his Stay there, it was very plain
and Publickly known that the Governour of the
Havannah was preparing a Force to Invade the
Province of Georgia. That Particularly He had
provided two 60 Gun Ships, one 30 Gun SMp,
two 24 Gun Ships, and TNvo Sloopsi with 8 Guns
each and that there was talk of Embarking in
these or some other Vessells 7000 Men.
That about the begining of March he was
Informd that an Express was Arrived from
Old Spain at the Havannah, wMch was first put
on Shore at S' Domingo, from thence Conv'd
to S' Jago de Cuba & from thence over
Land to the Havannah wMch Express (as
this Examin'. has been likewise Inform'd)
Imported Orders from the Court of ¦Spain to
put a Stop to the Invasion of the said Province
of Georgia for that there had been an Agreement
between the Crowns of England and Spain, and
that it was Currently reported that by such
Agreement, the said Province of Georgia,

Express from the
port of Old
Spain ar
rives at
Havannah.

COBBBSPONDENCH 141

Jas. Gascoigne to Mr. Verelst.

Gibralter and Port Mahon were to be Sur
render 'd to the Crown of Spain, or that their
was Consessions between the said Crowns of
that or the like Nature.
That on the 26 of March last this Examinant
saw the two 60 Gtm Ships before Mention'd
unrigg'd being hawld up behind the Town but
the 30 Gim SMp and the two 24 Gun sMps
remain 'd in a Condition of Sailing and that it
was Reported the 30 Gun Ship was to Sail for
La Vera Cruiz as belonging to Old Spain.
That on the said 26 day of March He was put
on Board one of the said 24 Gun Ships, wMch fS| o? a"*
the same day Saild for S'. Augustine. That wiSre £esh
° discoveries
there Saild likewise from the Havannah in Com- '^s™ ^°^^-

pany with them one Small SMp two Snows and
one Schooner as Transports with 500 Soldiers
and 80 Spanish Servants, all w*" Vessells ar
rived off the Barr of S'. Augustine the 2* day of
April Instant. That the said Small SMp two
¦Snows one Sloop and Schooner went into the
Harbour, That the said Soldiers & Servants,
were put on Shore as was likewise this Examin
ant who then Saw lying in the Harbour one
Spanish Sloop, 6 Galliotts 37 Launches and
Pinnaces, and Two English Sloops besides the
Vessels before Mention'd to have Enter'd the
Harbour, and which came in Company with the
24 Gun Ship from the Havannah.
And. tMs Examinant further Saith that dur
ing His iStay in the Town a Proclamation was
Publicly read in the Streets in the Town pur-

142 Colonial Recobds
Jas. Gascoigne to Mr. Verelst.
porting that all the Negroe Slaves that had run
from the English should have their freedom.
Proclama-dom to ^'^^' That the 24 Gun Ship, in which this Examinant
Negroes. arrived at S'. Augustine and One of the Sloops
in Company iSaild on Friday the 7'". Instant
to the best of tMs Deponents remembrance, as
he was Inform'd upon a Cruiz. And that it was
Reported likewise that all the Small Craft,
Except one Galliott 2 Launches and One Pin
nace were to sail for the Havannah on Friday
Next being the 14'". Instant.
¦ That on the said 7 Instant this Deponent went
on Board the Beaufort Schooner James HoweU
Master in Order to Sail for Port Royall but in
going out Struck on the Barr of Augustine and
were Obliged to put back to Stop a Leak she
Savannah in Eecoiv'd by that Accideut and on Sunday the
a canoe to •' *"
^mation.'"' 9'" lustaut sct Sail again and last Night came
off the Barr of Tybee but being Apprehensive
of 'bad Weather ran Over the Barr into the
River Savannah where he came to an Anchor
and ciame up to Town in a Canoe to give the
Information above Mention'd.

Joseph Preu

Taken on Oath 12 day April
1730. Before us 
Hen: Parker.
Tho': Christie.

Cobeespondencb 143

Sam'l Davidson Co Jno. Ridyard.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Sam'l Davidson, Constable, to John Ridyaed
Received Oct. 6. Frederica 26 Apr. 1738.
Dear Friend
You can scarcely imagine what pleasure Your
letter of March 1736/7 gave me, & I assure
You y'. it was not f or getf nines s or disregard y'.
prevented me from Answering Your obliging
Mnd maimer & to thank You for Your good
intentions & offers of service ; I was Rejoyced
to hear y*. M". Ridyard & You were so well ; I wonder-
wish y*. long continuance: My wife & I desire teot^d^by
¦^ ° •' Almighty
to be kindly rememibred to her ; we all of us here Pro'»wence.
have been wonderfully protected by Almighty
providence, very few of us have died, & none
Sickly; we have great encrease of Children, &
women bear, that in Europe were thought past
their time; The Cattle & Hogs y*. were given
us on Credit, thrive very well, & Fowls in great
abundance, & one may venture to say y'. y* place
is blest on our Accounts, I refer you to w'. I have
said in Johns letter; & hope y'. you'll be so
good; as to let me hear from You frequently;
My prayers & good wishes are always for his
Lordship, & all his family, being most Sincerely
& thankfully Dear Sir Your Most humb: Serv':
Samuel Davidson.
If you think it convenient to offer my bounden
Duty to my Lord &c.
M'. Ridyard.

144

Colonial Recoeds

p. M. ZiegeSEagen to the Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Feom Mb. F. M. Zibgenhagen to the Honoe
able THE Teustees.

Kensington April y* 26'". 1738.

Saltz- burghers.

Hon*. Sir,

The *inclosed is an Extract of Mr. Urlsper-
gers Letter to me, relating to ye Effect Saltzbur
gers in Georgia have left behind in Saltzburg. If
the Honb'*. the Trustees will be pleased to send
proper Instructions and power to M'. Urlsper-
ger. I hope divine providence will bless our
endeavours with good Success. Them Two
Letters that go hereby are the same, I men
tioned yesterday to you, it will be Time enough
to return them next Tuesday, when, I hope, I
shall have ye Pleasure to see you at ye Society
in Bartlets Buildings. I remain with great
Estim and Respect.
Hon* Sir Your most obedient humble
Serv'.
F. M. Ziegenhagen.

* [ Enclosure ]
Exteact of a Lettee or ye 20'^^ of Maech
1737/8 FEOM ye Rev°- M^: Uelspebgee at
AuGSPUEG TO M^. Ziegenhagen.
statement "As to your qucstiou about ye Prussian Com-
from Rev. . ,-,. . . ,
Mr. uris- "missary m ye Bishoprick of Saltzburg, you

Cobeespondencb 145

Samuel Davidsonl to Mr. John Gilbert.

"may assure the Hon"'*, the Trastees that he

"continues to be there, and is very willing to trom'^nSf.
Mr Urls-
' ' serve the poor Saltzburgers, settled in Georgia, pergterf. in
"in recovering, as much as possibly he can, of of^cCTtota'^
"what they have left behind either in money or p''°p^''"^^-
"goods. It is true 1438 Gilders, wMch you think
"to be ye whole Sum of their claim in money,
"doth not come to a great deal, but if we can
"get it for them, it is certainly better then
"notMng, as soon as I have got ordre from the
"Trastees to act in their Name in this affair, I
"shall not be wanting to do what laies in my
"power, which I 'beg, together with my most
"humible Respects, to assure their Honours of

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Samuel D'avidson to Me. John Gilbebt
Frederica 26 Apr. 1738.
Dear Friend
I receivd y* pleasure of y'. very kind letter
dat. 28. feb. 1736/7, w*" came to my hands yl
June, & I wou'd have answered your letter much
sooner, but last Year I waited to give You an
Account of my Crop w*. was but very small on
Ace', of our being kept back in planting Season crop kept
by y* Alarms of the Spamards, y land I got If^^^^f
cleared being very good, gave me great hopes ;
now this Year I have got at both plantations
6 acres & 38. perches of Land well fenced about
6 & 7 foot Mgh; & planted, w*". I hope in God
will afford me & my family Bread ; I have like-

146

Colonial Recobds

Samuel Davidson) to Mr. John Gilbert.

Servantproblems discussed.

Want noth
ing but the
return of
Genl. Ogle
thorpe.

wise my House furnished, and all tMs by my
own labour, except that of a Servant whose time
Run to y* 9 M°. for £11 . lOshStr: The Servant
I mentiond to you was in tMs manner ; you may
remember y'. when I was at Edgars, John Rid
yard wrote to me y'. I shoud attend at y* Office,
w*. I accordingly did, but when I strove to get
that Servant entred, whom you saw w'". me, it
cou 'd not suit for me to take him then, for there
was no Room left for Servants in y* Ships, then
my Lord was so good as to tell me y'. if I be
haved my Self discreetly, I shoud not want
Servants; but then & now I understood y'. I
shoud pay y* Eixpence y'. y* Honb: Trustees
might be at in sending him over, & if you think
it proper to acquaint his LordsMp w'". it, I shaU
be obliged to you, w°". I leave entirely to Your
management, but' I must tell you y'. it's hard
living here without a Servant, one man being
incapable to move Trees, & fence, w*" y* other
necessary labours that one must go thro ; before
he can plant. As to y* Country, I have still y*
good hopes y*. twill answer my Expectations,
and we want nothing but y* Return of Gen'.
Oglethorpe to be quiet & easy in our posses
sions ; for ye false Alarms we have had has de
tain 'd us greatly in clearing y* plantations. If
you fancy to come over to us, I must beg of you
to get all y* Servants you can, and be carefull
of 'em at Sea, for they'll bring You money, or
enable You to live handsomely on Your planta
tion. I shoud be glad to see You here, & as
many of our friends that think proper to come.
My wife was brought to bed of a John in July

Cobeespondencb 147

Thos. Hawkins to the Trustees.

last, a fine thriving Child, & little Susan grows
apace: my wife & I are in good health & we
heartily wish you all good Success, & longs much
to hear from you, being most faithfully / Dear
Sir. Your most hum'*. Serv'.
Samuel Davidson.
Pray tell M'. Crofts to write to me, for I don't
know where to direct to him.
To Mr. John Gilbert.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Thomas Hawkins' letteb to the Teustees,
Frederica, May 6, 1738.
May it please your Excellency
As the Accounts of the Health and Welfair
Of the people in general, are receivd with Pleas
ure by Your Excellency, I Shall allways con
tinue to transmit them with the greatest Satis
faction and Readiness.
All the People belonging to Capt' Tomsons
Vessel have ben under my Care, 4 of wMoh
Could not be cured by any means but a Course
of Mercurials with which I had Success. I have ditions.
had many 111 but few Lost Since the Account in
November at Darien now Calld New Inverness
two of the Hon"'* The Trastees Servants ' one
Man Servant by being Scallded on the Belly
and privy Parts and a Woman of the Bloody
Flux and a Child in a Consumption have Dyed,
30 have recoverd from Fluxes Fevers and in
veterate Scurvies. At Frederica a Servant be-

Health con-

148 • Colonial Recobds

Thos. Hawkins to the Trustees.

longing to the Bricklayers dyed in an Atrophy
— 2 have died at S'. Andrews and Amelia, both
of y* Dropsy. Tis no Small Uneasiness to me
that I cannot meet with the Same Success with
the men under Your Excellency's Command of
which I have lost 5 since November . all of which
dyed in Atrophies, but any Person will allow
that all Endeavours must be fruitless while they
Spend their whole or the Major Part of their
Subsistance in Liquor.
in Order to prevent the loss of more Men I
have taken the Sick to Town and procurd such
Little Nessesary Refreshments as this Place af-
Takes cer- folded at my own Expence which Method Has
tain precau-
own^el- ^^^ allways proved Successfull they having imme-
P^°^®- diately Recover 'd I Shall Continue the Same
till farther Orders from Your Excellency or the
Person that Shall Command till Your Arrival.
as I hope for a Supply of Medicines with the
Compames which we dayly expect I Desist from
repeating the Invoice transmitted in November
The people have 95 Acres of Corn Planted but
the Season as Yet proves excessive Dry and
every thing is at a Stay for want of Rain.
M". Hawkins desires you'd Accept of her
humble Duty and Wishes for Your Speedy Ar
rival with Your Excellencies
Most Dutifull and
Obedient Humble Servant
Thomas Hawkins.
Frederica. y" 6 May 1738.

Cobeespondencb 149

Capt. Hugh Mackay to the Trustees.

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Capt. Hugh Mackay 's lettee to the Teustees,
Received 15 July 1738, 10 May 1738
Gentlemen The affidavits transmitted to you by M'. Caus
ton Will show You the necessity that obliged me Refers to
to Act Against Common form, by compelling ton's am-

the Ship I was In, to Endeavour first, to make
the river Savannah, (contrary to the order of
Captain Ffanshaw Commander of his Majesties
Ship the Phenix) where /I brought Safe to
Anchor within the Bar the 6'" Instant.
Besides the reasons Contained in the affi
davits, every man, woman and Child, I had on
Board, was then or had been lately sick, of
.which the people of Carolina knew very well
how to use to our hurt.
As I could have no reason, or view, to Act as
I did, but the Good of the Kings service and
that of the Colonys I hope I shall meet with so™ght*'°°
.J, against
protection Against the Clamours of those that iciamours.
Endeavourd to Hurt Both, And who will use
specious pretences of forms of Service to colour
you tMs Account.
Notwithstand [sic] the universal Sickness, In
the ship I was in, we lost but two Infants of all omy two
-.-.-.-. infants lost.
those that came from England, poor M'. White-
field did not Escape the common distemper.
As General Oglethorpe Will er now, be in his
passage hither, I thought it my duty to have
said affidavits transmitted to you and to send
you the Account.

150 Colonial Recobds

Robert Millar to the Trustees.

Ensign Mackay from S'. Andrews came here
to day Who tells me that all to the Southward
are in high Spirits. I beg leave to Subscribe
myself , Gentlemen
Your most obedient &
most humble Serv'. Hugh Mackay.
Savannah 10*". May 1738.
P. S. the other two SMps that had the people
from Gibraltar had litle or no Sickness.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Robert Millar to the Teustees. Received 25
July 1738 Kingstown in Jamaica May 26*". 1738
Gentlemen I am now to acquaint you, of my Retum to
tMs place, after as unsuocesfull a Voyage to La
Vera Cruz as my former, which caused my Sud-
Reports an r. i • i
unsuccessful dcu Retum to England. Upon my first arrival
Vera Cruz. ^ ^j^g^^ Place I was Rcccived by the Govemor
Royal Officers and Other People of Power with
a great show of Civility. But when I Received
an Answer from the Vice Roy of Mexico to
my Letter & Licence I carried with me from
Court Monteyo. denying me absolutely Leave

COREESPONDENCB 151

Robert Millar to the Trustees.

to travel any way into that Country. The Royal
Orders were such, that he Could not Give that
Liberty to any Person, without a Particular ^'^f i°
Order or Schedule from his Catholick Majesty. ^«"'«^-
Therfore he must Insist on my Immediate Re
tum to Jamaica in the same Vessel I came in.
The little Hardships, & Cruel usage I then
underwent was somewhat Severe. Being Con
fined within the Walls of the Town, and every
tMng I carried down with me of Necessaries,
even my Cloaths, Linen. Book's and even a few Privations
•' ' and hard-
Necessaries for my Support, (being then in h^^rleT
very weak & Infirm state of health) were all
Registered & stopped. Denying me the use of
any One thing, till the Vice Kings further
Pleasure should be known. Which never was in
that Respect during my whole stay ther in all
above two months. Obliged to be lodged in a
Spanish house and ther suffered sufficiently.
The English Factor at that Place having Died
some Months before my arrival. And a Young
Gentleman who had been his Assistant &
Bookeeper, rising in his Boom, had no Interest profeJtlonf"
nor Intimacy with any of the Chief People of
that Town So that I mett with little Protection
or Assistance from him — ^notwithstanding of
The Letter's in my favour I carried with me
from the Honbie the Court of Directors of the
South Sea Company for that Purpose, to ther
agents ther. By all which, I find ther is no Pos
sibility of doing any thing in that Kingdom,
except it be by a Person fixed ther in some
Station in the Company Service, As this ap
pears so very plain I think it will be to no man-

152

Colonial Recoeds

Robert Millar to the Trustees.

Stops at
Jamaica for
certain
things.

Waits for
further
orders.

ner of Purpose, my attempting anything further,
in tMs way, having already mett with so many
Rubs & Dissapointments.
I would Directly have Proceeded to <xeorgia
with what I have gott of the Ipecacuanna, in
my way ho 'me to England, but having some few
things to do in this Island, for some of my Cheif
Subscribers, I have choose to defer it till the
Beginmng of nixt year. And I hope before
then to be favoured ¦with a letter from you
Directing me in what manner I should Proceed
in Georgia Notwithstanding my time of Cion-
tract will now soon be expired and not inclimng
to Continue longer in this way of life. Yet with
a great deal of Pleasure, According to my first
Design, I will Proceed to Georgia under your
Directions, and During my short stay w*" I shall
be obliged to take ther, shall do any thing in my
Power that shal seem to you most Proper, for
the Good of the Colony, and what may tend to
the General Benefitt & Inclinations of those
Gentlemen who has been my subscribers. I shall
now waite here Impatiently for your Answer
and further Orders, and Beg leave to assure you
of the Sincere desire I have for the Prosperity
of that Colony w*" now begins to Thrive, So
much, and show what may be done under your
Wise Management; And to Assure you with
the Greatest Regard. I am
Gentlemen
Your Most Faithfull &
Most Obedient Humble Serv'.
Rob: Millar

Coerespondencb 153

Mr. T. Causton to the Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. T. Causton To the Honoble the Trustees,
FOE establishing Geoegia in Ameeica. Re
ceived 15 July 1738. Savannah May 25, 1738.
Gentlemen Having on the 30'" of March last reced Your
Honours Orders, dated the 14'". of December wishes to be
' explicit.
with £200 in Sola Bills as therein mentiond I
imediately thought myself obliged to express
myself as fully to you as was consistent with the
Trust reposed in me. And if I repeat many
tMngs which I have mention'd is some of my
former, (particularly those which regard the
Current expences)' I hope your Honours will
judge it fiows from the real Inclination I have of
representing to you the affairs of this Colony
in the just Light.
As my Integrity to Your Honours, and Im-
J o J 7 Protests his
partiality to the People is the Basis on which ^^^^^r. °''
all my hopes of Your Honours favours are fixt:
Extream hard, and Unfortunate would be my
Lott, if I should be supposed to State any thing
in a Contrary manner. When Distance of place
prevents me from clearing that, which may in
any Shape or by any other Representations
seem doubtfull to you.
Your Honours Orders (by Your Secretary)
dated the 7'" of March 1736 expresses your
great Concern that the people do not yet think
of planting.

154 Colonial Recobds

Mr. T. Causton to the Trustees.

In Obedience to Your Orders in that Matter
oMands'con- I havo ucver failed giving necessary Encourag-
couraged. ment to those who have shewn any Industry in
cultivating their Lands, and have represented
to them the Imediate inconveniencys and fatall
Consequences of their employing themselves in
any other manner. And notwithstanding the
Obstinacy and Idleness of some who will no
longer be satisfyed, than they are fed, And the
Wicked Arts of others whose names and prac
tices Your Honors will be acquainted with by
my Journall I can with Satisfacion and Truth
say that there is now An Appearance that some
have resolved to pursue their Interest by Culti
vation of Land.
To accomplish this, (wMch I may Venture to
Credits ^^^^ ^ great difficulty) I have been obliged to
ficiss '"f In- give Creditt for their Support farr exceeding
meet cer- YouT HouoTs Limitations. But certainly so it
tain needs. IS That the Labour of clearing and planting The
Incertainty of the Seasons, The Dangers of
Sterile Crops (sometimes occasion 'd by poor
ness of Land) besides the advantages that Art-
full men take in these cases, over weak minds
makes it necessary they should be supported,
otherwise it would be a great Hazard if the most
valuable part of the people did not leave the
Colony. I must farther add, that in pursuit of this I
Some have endeavor 'd at frugality by stopping some-
oollidOT-*'''^ times with those whom I have discover 'd to
^*'°"- neglect their planting and make an ill use of
their creditt ; But as it is impossible for me to

Cobeespondencb 155

Mr. T. Causton to the Trustees.

be at every ones Elbow my Impartiall Views
doubtless may have lead me to creditt some who
have not truely deserved it.
As it is to be hoped, that some of the People
by Degrees may be lead to know. That the Im- of land °'^
most Im.
provemen'. of Land is their truest Interest, so portant.
by such an employ the Spiritt of Contention
may be so farr abated, That those who are
Obstinate and will either raise Dispi^tes or
listen to those who do, may become despicable.
But as I have in some of my former Letters
fuDy and justly complain 'd of the Spiritt of Con
tention I shall not in tMs manner trouble you eiemraits"*
with any repetitions or fresh Accounts, choos
ing to referr myself (just as they are) to a
proper place in my journall; Not doubting but
that the continued endeavors of the Majestrates
in the just execution of the Civill Power will
allways be able to render Ineffectual the Mali-
tious designs of any private Enemys, Altho'
that Society which they are Apt to think neces
sary to be shewn in the Infancy of a Colony,
makes that Task difficult.
I^Your Orders further express Your concern
for the ill Effects, which great Creditt must lu effects of
' ° great credit
have, on the People. And it would certainly
add very much to their real happiness if Your
Honours would send particular Orders for
regulating the same and Suing for Debts. And
as such Orders would consequently preserve
them from being impoverishtjjSo the Law which
you likewise mention for regulating the Watch
will necessarily add to their Safety. But with-

156 Colonial Recobds

Mr. T. Causton to the Trustees.

out these, there is little Prospect of their avoid
ing the One, or that the other will be duly main
tained. By Your Accomptants Letter dated the 23*. of
Mr Bradley ^^^^h 1736. I have an Extract of the Contract
tafn^ciafms. between you and M'. Bradley; and have since
reced two severall Coppys of said Contract at
Large. He wholly denys to be Limitted according to
that contract, and claims that he is to be allowed
a Sallary of £200 ^ Annum and to be paid £90
Carolina Currency p month as wages for each
of Ms Servants.
In regard, that Your Honours Orders by Your
Accomptant dated the 11'". of August 1737.
comand that Ms Account should be kevt open
I have continued to deliver such Stores as he
from time to time demanded for Your Honours
use But that I might not be wanting in my
endeavours to confine him to a proper frugality
I have demed to deliver those Stores as often as
he has refused to certify they were for your
Service. If these deliverances of mine are not duly ap
plyed, I am in hopes (from Your Honours
Mr. Causton kuown justicc, ' I shall not be blamed. But I
refuses to
taii'ttoreT °^^^* further add, that in Regard to Ms Letter
Bradley. to me dated the third day of December a Coppy
of which is herewith transmitted, (having first
consulted Collonel Stephens) I did in Ms pres
ence, propose to Ass: it Mm as farr as £20
Ster. This did not seem to satisfy his Desires

Cobeespondencb 157

Mr. T. Causton to the Trustees.

(having demanded £100) And Your Honours
may Observe by Ms Account already trans
mitted. That he was afterwards assisted some-
tMng exceeding my Proposall. since w"" he has
delivered me an Account of what would be
necessary for Mmself and ffamily, and the fur- ^^pe^^'r^
ther Cultivation of your Honours ffarms for ^waited.
three months a Coppy of which is herewith like
wise transmitted; And of w*" he demands a
Oontinuance till the Arrivall of Generall Ogle
thorpe I will not trouble your Honours with any
further particulars having wrote on that head
the first day of March last and only say. You
¦wiU easily observe that these expences have also
vastly exceeded Your Limitations.
Your Orders by Your Accomptant of the 11'".
of August further mention, the Particular imitation
Lunitations for the Expences of the Colony; °^ «^p»°««s-
But as (with humble Submission) it was im
possible such Limitations could be perfected at
their first Rating, I have used my utmost en
deavour to avoid exceedings and hope it will
not appear to be in any case unecessarily done.
As the Supplying the necessary demands of
the Colony in all its parts has been the imediate too busy to
business of the Store under my care, time did mattefs'!'^'"
not permitt to post in a proper manner the
several Issues and receipts so as to know, (when
M'. Oglethorpe went,) what was the Amount of
the Debts and Creditts ; which being since Stated
Debts will appear to be Owing to severall, who
were not then called to mind, so as to be men
tioned in the Accotmt made up by M'. Oglethorp

158 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. T. Causton to the Trustees.

and me, Intitled necessary Expenses at Savan
nah and places adjacent. But I beg leave to
hope. As to the severall Limitations in the
Hopes for Northern Division that when You shall receive
uSSerstandr the General Account for the Year 1736 you will
Itict iu rfi-
gard to ex- Order such a certain establishment as you shall
penditures. *^
judge necessary; It being a very Uneasy
Situation to Act without it. As such generall
Account is now made up I shall endeavour to
send it herewith.
As to the Southern Division You will also
receive an Account of what has been sent to
Frederica and plaoss adjacent to the 25'". of
March 1738. And as I have wrote to M'. White
to make an Inventory of Ms Stores to the same
time That will be also transmitted when it comes
to hand.
Altho' this Letter was intended to be finisht
On the 7'" of April The taMng an Inventory of
Stores and making up the Generall heads of
Letter de- Aocount for the Year 1736. has (till tMs time)
layed by an
o"^s"oreJ prevented its being sent, and I humbly hope you
will not tMnk it an Unnecessary delay because
the right stating of those Accounts is the Surest
method I have of representing to you the rea
son's for the generall Expence, when you may
with more certainty fix Your establishment.
Lieuten'. Collonel Cochran arriv'd here the
6'". instant with the Amy and the Whitaker, the
Lieut.-Col.
Cochran ar- People OU board the Amy were all m good
Savannah, jjealth. But th [tom] on board the Whitaker,
have been generally ill of ffevers supposd to be

Cobeespondencb 159

Mr. T. Causton to the Trustees.

Occasioned by the Lowness of her Decks and
some have dyed;
Cap'. Ffanshaw went into Charles Town, and
it was (at first) believed he intended, that all
the Transport Ships should go in with him, and
that he would discharge them all there:
Under this Apprehension Lieuten'. Collonel
Cochran used means to prevent the Transport prevents
Ships from going there, as being a place very sMps^°from
improper for any One design 'd for Georgia to ISwnf^
set foot in first ; besides the danger of Desertion
and the great charges must consequently attend
their Conveyance from thence to their respec
tive posts. And the Lightfoot not coming in for
severall days, he thought ii necessary, that the
Officers on board the Amy and Whitaker,
should make Oath of the Orders he gave for not
going to 'Charles Town, and of the Reasons for taken!^' '^

so doing; to the intent, that if any Representa
tion should be made in England concerning such
Orders, those Affidavits (being transmitted)
might justify him.
The Recorder and myself went )at his re
quest) to Tybee to take those Affidavits.
Lieutenant Collonel Cockrans apprehensions
ceased by the Arrivall of Captain ffanshaw with
the Lightfoot on the 13'". instant and it now Ap- ^SSr'bTsed
pears that the Signall which Captain ffanshaw take^i"toe
made when he went into Charles Town, was for
the Ships to proceed to Savannah and not to
follow Mm'; Therefore Leintenant Collonel
Cochran now finding, the great care Captain

160 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. T. Causton to the Trustees.

ffanshaw took to prevent the Soldiers on board
the Lightfoot going on Shore at Charles Tbwn,
and his real readiness to finish his Convoy, in
the manner This Majestys Service requires,
does not tMnk it proper to transmitt those affi-
davitts himself. But will Submitt the matters
to the Generall on his Arrivall.
The People on board the Lightfoot are all in
Most of the ^ood health. I imediately hired all the Petti-
Seorgia*"'^ augoes I could gett and have made all possible
Savannah, discharge for the Ships. As there are but few
convenincys at the Southward for the reception
of the Stores, they are for the most part Landed
here; Captain Gascoigne arrived at Tybee the
[ ] day of [ ] the Amy and the
Whitaker are wholly delivered, and Captain
Mackay with 5 Pettingoes Saild the 24'". instant
for S'. Andrews with about 150 Passengers.
The Remainder of the People and Stores will
go on board the Lightfoot and a Small Brigan
tine lately arriv'd here from New York and
proceed for Frederica under Convoy of Cap
tain Gascoigne. As soon as the Pettiangoes
return I shall transmitt an Account of the Ex
traordinary Charges on this Head.
The Reverend M'. Whitfield with the Severall
People (except M'. Jolly) mentioned in Your
Mr Whit- Orders of the 6'" of January arrived safe at
to'ceolrgil!' Savannah. M'. Whitfield having been very ill
in the Passage has had a Relapse, but is now
much recovered; As this Place is with', a
Minister, And as M'. Horton has inform'd Mm,
there is no convenient habitation for him, or

Cobeespondencb 161

Mr. T. Causton to the Trustees.

Debts of the

place of worship (now Standing) at Frederica,
he chooses to tarry here, till proper Conven-
iencys may be made there :
I have also, Your Honors several Orders of
the 11'" of January and 17'". of Febraary. In
Obedience to wMch, I shall not Certifye any Colony.
more Accounts whatever; Those already certi-
fyed, will inform you in a great measure what
Debts are for the most part due to the several
people concerned on Account of the Colony.
But it will be impossible to give a Particular
Account of the whole Debts or Creditts till the
Account for the Year 1737 (now making up) is
likewise gone through

I am in hopes That when you shall have seen
these Accounts, and considered the Issues there- Trustee®
on. You will not many [sic] things, unecessar- prove^^is
ily done. Or that the Confusion created by
making expences before the Arrivall of Sola
Bills to Defray them in culpaple. Because
(with great Submission) 'tis unavoidable till an
Establishment can be fixt.
My whole desire being to Demonstrate my
endeavours to discharge my Duty to you, by
Obeying your Orders and doing every thing
necessary for the imediate Service of the
Colony; I beg leave to Subscribe myself.
Yo' most Dutifull Servant
T. Causton.
Savannah May 26'". 1738.

162 Colonial Recoeds
Mr. Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.
(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Mb. Will: Stephen's Lettee to the Teustees,
Received 15 July 1738 0.
Savannah 27 May. 1738.
Honourable Gentlemen
My last was of the 15'". ult"°. to M'. Verelst,
wherein I enclosed Coppy of my Journal from
the 1". of Mar to the day of the Date both in
clusive; & have now continued the same from
thence dow" to tMs time. That letter was com
mitted to the care of Cap' M°kenzie, Master of
Certain ^ , „ ^
tx^Iined. t^6 Ship Baltick Merchant, bound for Cowes;
but the Ship, when full loaden, struck on the
Bar going out of Charles Town, & the Cargo
was in danger of being all spoiled, as also the
SMp in great hazard of being lost; so y' what
letters were in her for England, I am since
informed were put on board a small Vessel
bound for Poole.
I am very sensible y' my Duty calls upon me,
as well as a late promise I made, to transmit
p^Vlnci*''^ you some farther State of the several Settle
ments in this Province ; and w°". I purposed to
have done with pleasure to my self, as well as
(I hoped it might be) to your Honours satis
faction : but the late posture of Affairs here for
a pretty while past, would not admit of any ones
stirring far from home, without incurring the
Imputation of skulking out of Harms way;
which Character I should be very unwilling to
have stick upon me; but would rather appear
among the most forward, in withstanding any

Cobeespondencb 163

Mr. Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

attempt that might be made against us : and 'tis

Justice due to the people in general, to say of colonists
., calm in
them that 1 observed a firm disposition to be- ^"jft't^ck""
have themselves like men, in case of being in
vaded : Few, very Few, (I wish I could say not
one) slipping aside, at the time when we had
most reason to be upon our Guard; & when we
really expected an attack. Whether our appre
hensions were well founded, or not, is yet un
known to us ; but when our Neighbours of Caro
lina were so far alarmd, 'twas but reasonable
for Georgia to look about 'em.
All these Doubts were perfectly at an end on
the appearance of Collonel Cochran; the time coi. coch-
of whose arrival, with some particular circum- count Itrans-
mitted.
stances, are noted in my Journal: but as the
Collonel (without question) transmits an ac
count of all material occurrences, w°" fall not
within the compass of my knowledge; and are
properly under his cognizance and command ; it
will better become me (I conceive) to bear in
mind the old Adage, Ne Sutor ultra Crepidam.
Since the time of my first arrival here, where
I found so great a Ferment among the Inhabi
tants, I have always thought it incumbent on ^X. ^^^'^
•me, as often as I wrote, to acquaint you what
temper and disposition I observed to be then
most prevalent in this place, and by what Steps
I hoped we were growing wiser: 'twould be
Injustice to them now, having laid open their
Failings before, not to say y' all Party Strife
seems at present to be asleep, & every body
quietly following their own Business: which

164 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Composedness possibly might with no great dif
ficulty be accounted for, by looking back into
the Conduct of a few, whom I would rather
chuse to say no more of; since probably we shall
not again have occasion hereafter to look on
thejm as capable of playing the same Game over
twice, and imposing on the common Under
standing of their Neighbours, who otherwise
would prefer Peace to Contention : and were
it not for one cursed Evill which is got among
us, and which all the Endeavours of the Magis
trates have not yet been able to root out (I mean
am afcuraed that scaudalous practice of selling Rum in pri-
evll. Refor- ^ o jr-
nwided ^^^^ vate houscs) I verily think we might expect such
a Reformation among these people as would be
well pleasing to the honourable Trastees, & en
title them to be lookd on as favourably as ever.
Surely this is not so incurable, but y' we may
hope to see it effected, when we are so happy
to find the General here, who will not be de
feated easily in so good a purpose. To speak
my mind freely ; ^I am firmly perswaded in my
self, that the well being, or utter Ruin of this
Town depends upon it. These are the Nurserys
of all Villany, where Servants are debauchd,
and defraud their Masters of any thing they can
lay their hands on, to purchase such Spirits, w*".
the Sellers of take readily as mony; and are
privy to their contrivances too often, as well of
Theft as Desertion. Notwithstanding this
proneness to idle Courses, among the lowest
Rank of people (w°" I will not despair but may
be remedied) here have not been wanting this
year a good number of industrious men, who

COEEESPONDENCE 165

Mr. Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

have applyd y^selves to their proper work,
whether as Artificers and Handy crafts, or in ^10'''^.^^ ^
cultivating their Lots and planting them; in
such sort, that I may venture to affirm they have
far exceeded any tMng hitherto done, or what
I once feared I had little room to expect ; which
is an Indication they are not so averse of them
selves to that work, as they are subject to be
misguided by some few, whom I have divers
times taken notice of before, that having thrown
up their own Plantations, made it their business
to discourage every body else. It has been no
small part of my endeavours here, to obviate Hneom-age-
that dangerous Doctrine, and to perswade such to planting.
as were lukewarm about planting, y'. the only
way to preserve the good opinion of Your Hon
ours, was by going heartily about it ; that twas
the very Foundation whereon the Colony was to
stand; & he that expected to raise himself on
any other, would mistake in his Aim. I have a
Httle vanity to think y' all was not lost which I
said on that occasion frequently; & when they
found me in earnest, perswading them to do no gets an
otherwise than what they saw me do my self, wm^e^^m
who w'". 5 or 6 hands (for at a Medium I have ^ ''^^p®''*-
not had more by reason of Sickness among 'em)
cleard 15 Acres of strong Timber Land in few
Months, & planted it; I conceive Example was
not the weakest argument. It is my full pur
pose to lay before you very soon a particular
ace', of the Number of Acres planted & by whom ;
and if in time coming the Inhabitants of this
Town and Neighbourhood go on pari passu with
what they have done, I make no doubt but they'll

166

Colonial Recobds

Mr. Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Ebenezer and Darien.

Politicians.

Mr. Whit
field a
comfort.

be able to support themselves. The 2 Settle
ments of Ebenezer and Darien, ought indeed to
take place of all others in the List of Deserts ;
for they seem already to be near out of Leading
Strings, & want but little to stand alone. N. B.
no Rum to be had yet in either of those places ;
but y* people live soberly under the Influence
of their Ministers, the first Lutheran, the latter
Calvinist. Tis much to be wishd the Inhabitants
of Savannah could equally lay claim to a com
mendation for Regular living : but as they are
a mixture of various people, bred up in different
modes of Religion; it can hardly be expected (I
doubt) to find Umformity among 'em, either in
Doctrine or Faith immediately: nevertheless it
may be hoped in time to see Protestant Dis
senters here in this Town in Communion with
our Church; but it cannot without Shame be
said y' the Jews who live among us, are not in
appearance greater Infidels than some are in
practice, who pass for Christians in name, but
scarce ever joyn in any Religious WorsMp ; and
these are not of the lowest Rank of people, but
by outward Shew would appear inferiour to
none: and out of this Class most of our Politi
cians have sprung up, who think themselves
qualifyd to reform what they conceive is amiss
in Georgia — But Monkeys in climbing wUl
always discover sometMng not fit to name. M'.
Whitfields appearance among us at this Junc
ture was matter of Comfort to many well mean
ing people; & the Qualifications he comes with
(w"". he has already discoverd) if he continues
to exemplify them, as I make no doubt of, must

Cobeespondencb 167

Mr. Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

endear him to all Good Men. Far be it from
me to make any uncharitable reflections on his IS^t'^word
Predecessour, who was a man of unquestionable wesiey.
Abilitys to perform the Ministry committed to
his Charge ; & I never observd any due Respect
wanting towards him from the generality of the
people, till that unhappy Breach between him
and M'. Caustons Family w*" grew to such height
y' great part of his Hearers fell off, & forsook
the Church: so shamefully had Party picque
transported them. M'. Williamson is going now
for England (as he tells us) who together with
Ms Wife gave the first Rise to this sad Division ;
which encreased so as at length to become a
Case before the Grand Jury, that consisted of
more than 40 men, who thought it worth their
cognizance; & they took upon 'em to censure
M'. Wesleys Conduct in divers Instances; the
consequence whereof I need not name; much
less shall I presume to offer any opinion of my
own in it; knowing the whole affair on each
side has been long since laid before your Hon
ours, who are the sole and proper Judges. M'.
Delamotte I understand is going home also, who
undoubtedly merits this recommendation, that ^^j^^.^ ^g
he has been traly assiduous in keeping the ^ttfal'
School, and instructing a good Number of fn^instruct-
/-wi M 1 • 1 • ^ '"^ Children.
Children m their Catechism; so that it must
have been a great Misfortune on this place to
have lost him, had you not been so good to send
another to supply his Room. I have been de
sirous to inform my self, pursuant to my In
structions, concerning the Births, Deaths, &c of
the Inhabitants; but M'. Wesleys going off so

168 Colonial Recobds

Mr. Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

suddenly, and unexpected by me, in a short time
after my coming, deprived me of that knowl
edge; he having taken that Register with him,
as I am told by the Clerk ; whom I have bespoke
to take an ace', of those things for me hence
f oward .
I ought not to pass over any thing that I
apprehend worth observing, wMch carrys w'" it
a probability of producing some publick Benefit
to the Colony ; for which reason, it is with pleas
ure I can acquaint you, that the Encouragement
given to a Potter for carrying on that manu-
resuitl 0?°*^ facture, I humbly conceive was not ill bestowd ;
ment"^ven for its Very apparent the Bounty was rightly
mak?ng.®'^^ applied: the building a convenient dwelling
house, with a large Kiln in a room annexed, to
gether with 2 other large rooms, one for a work
house, & the other for a Store room; all in one
compact Building, well contrived, handsomly
finishd, & very well accommodated for carrying
on the work, sufficiently shew it : the Master of
it is a sober, diligent, & Modest man: he has
baked off 2 Kilns of handsome Ware, of various
kinds of Pots, Pans, Bowls, Cups, & Jugs, fit
for many uses : and tho 'twas a large quantity ;
they are found so convenient, y' he does not
want Customers to take them off his hands, at
a reasonable price : This however he seems to
set no value on, in comparison of what may be
expected : his next aim is to do something very
curious, w*. may turn to good account for trans
porting; & he is making some tryal of other
kinds of fine clay ; a small Teacup of which he

Cobeespondencb 169

Mr. Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

shewd me, when held against the Light, was very
near transparent : indeed from what I have seen
in the progress of that work, I must conclude it
cannot fail of proving a Manufacture that will
find good Value abroad; or I am very much
deceiv'd. Your Silk Manufacture most certainly from
good experience will also come to perfection in
a little more time ; but this unkind March, which fic'Jure^"""
cut off our early Mulberry leaves, proved not a
small Baulk to it; as I wrote you before. Our
Neighbours of Carolina are so far convinced of
the Utility of that Manufacture, and the reason
ableness of expecting Success in it; that they
discover a great desire not to be behind hand
with us, for my Correspondent at Charles Town
writes me y' their Assembly have setled a Salary
of £100 ^ annum ster for 7 years upon a Pied-
montese and his Wife, who are to teach 'em the
Manufacture of Silk in all its Branches ; & they
are to take several Apprentices.
In frequent conversation with Collonel Coch
ran, among other things talkd of y' seemd to be
conducive to the Good of tMs Colony; 'twas ihi?r^I&
imagined that if the honourable Trustees
thought it expedient to send out 2 Ships in a
year for this Port, Fraughted on their own
Ace', whether w'". meat from Ireland, or any
other Loading they thought proper; one of
which to arrive here at the latter end of the
year: any person in England corresponding
here, either with the Civil or Military part of
this Province, would find great convenience in

170 Colonial Recobds

Mr. Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

sending such Goods of all kinds as were calld
for & needfull; paying Fraught for all Goods
so sent, in abatement of the charge of the first
Fraughters: & such SMp arriving here in the
months of Nov"' or Dec"', would be certain of
Fraught home again from CaroHna with Rice
&c : whereas now whatever comes for this Prov
ince by the way of Charles Town, comes at an
exceeding dear rate, and costs at least % as
much to bring it thence, as the first expence of
Fraught thither. This has been so often the
Subject of our Discourse, and the oftener talked
of, the more approved among us : that Collonel
Cochran engaged me to represent it to your
Honours as a matter not unworthy your con
sideration. / When I look upon the Coppy of
my Journal that I always send ; I perswade my
self I need make no Apology for not carrying
my letter to a greater length; but am rather
apprehensive of being too prolix. Honourable
Gentlemen

Your most Obedient humble Servant
Will: Stephens.

Cobeespondencb 171

Mr. Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Mb. Will Stephens Esq., to Me. Habman
Veeelst, Accompt to the Honoeable the
Teustees foe Establishing the Colony of
Geoegia at theie Office neae the Palace
Yabd. Westministee, Received 15 July.
Black Wax Seal

Savannah 27 May. 1738.

S'

I wrote you of the 15'". ult"*, as you'll please
to observe from mine of this date to the hon"'*
Trustees ; wherein I have wrote more largely on
divers particulars ; to which you'll give me leave
to refer you : Your Favour of the 17'". of Feb
last came to my hands about 10 days since:
how long it had lain at Charles Town is not
known; letters often taking near half as long
time in their passage thence, as from England, expectatiom
'Twas short and sweet: the good News it e^'^erai.
brought was fulfilld in part by the arrival of
Collonel Cochran before it; & we are next in
daily expectation of our General, w'". the re
mainder of the Regiment: what you enclosed
from my very good Friend at Whitehall gave
me farther pleasure; where he was pleased to
signify to me the confirmation of what was so
long wishd for by all who have a just Esteem
for him : but (if I guess right) the necessary
consequences before he can be dispatchd thro'

172

Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Packet said
to come
from Col.
onel Horsey.

Effect duced
certainorders.

?y^°

the several Offices, must take yet a little more
time, and leave his Friends here in farther ex
pectation when to see him in America: I give
you the trouble of the enclosed most heartily to
congratulate him thereon; but if I should hap
pily be mistaken in my calculation of time, &
he outstrips aU Remores, so as to be nearer us
than we look for; I hope it may be accepted by
his good Family as a testimony of that sincere
Respect I owe them all. By a Gentleman who
came here lately from Charles Town, I was in
formed there was a Packett left by the Cap' of
a Ship newly arrived, with M'. Godine, directed
to me, & said to come from Collonel Horsey:
but as I have yet no other Tydings of it, I wait
w'". some imvatience to know farther. After so
many months passd over, wherein I frequently
took occasion to lay such Observations before
the hon"'*. Trustees as I conceived were to be
expected from me; I begin now to entertain
some Expectance of being informed whether
they met with approbation or censure : for as I
am advised, so I ought to conduct my self in all
things, whereby I might render my Service
acceptable to them, & the more agreeable to my
self. Their Orders w*. you sent me a good
while ago, recommending it to the Inhabitants
to commit what letters they sent for England
to my care for a safe conveyance; I gave pub
lick notice of, both here and in the South; but
it has never produced any more than one dirty
one, w"" is enclosed. I know not from whom:
and I heard it had been said by some of our
Wise heads, y' it lookd as if the Trustees had

Cobeespondencb 173

Mr. Wm. Stei)hens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

a mind to get all letters into their own hands :
so jealous are some Folk least their dark work
should come to light.
It would be impertinent in me, to attempt
writing you a long letter now, after having witt°"4iiious
already in my Journal, and my letter to the
Board, put down every thing I could think of
worth notice; wMch you have always recourse
to when you please : but I would ask your leave
to touch again upon a few more of my mis
chances about Servants, as I have used that
liberty with you from the beginmng. My two
first Women Serv" (you have heard) proved
errant whores; & one y' I got since, to do the
necessary offices of the house, being a mans
Wife, whom her husband was willing I should
employ at MontMy Wages for a while, soon
proved so forward with Child, y' I had little
time more than enough to send her home again
before She wanted a Midwife ; so y' at present
I am perfectly destitute of such help ; but I shall
try again what may be done, if any means can
be found. My Men Servants have never yet
been aU well together ; but generally 2 or 3 or
more such at a time, is y' the Doctor has scarcely ^pp^ by
one day missd. Occasion for a long while to '"°*^^'
exercise his Faculty upon 'em: and a few days
since, one of 'em died ; who happend to be the
same I wrote you I had swapt with the Trus
tees; giving You my reason for it then; but it
happend I was bit; the Fellow proving of a
rotten Constitution, otherwise a good Servant :
and if out of 10, I could say half of 'em were
such, I should think myself much at Par with

174

Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Someutterly
worthless.

Anthony Blnks an
¦egregious Scot.

my Neighbours: for generally they are a vile
Crew (as you can easily imagine who know from
whence they spring) and tis odds whether Lazi
ness be what their Masters find the worst fault
they are guilty of; tho' that's bad enough, when
their work will not pay for their food and their
Cloathing. That Fellow Anthony Binks who
came recommended from a Lady at Kensington,
for a while put on the shew of one who meant to
do well; & I made Mm (in the main) a Domes-
tick Servant ; but a little exercise sometimes in
the Field was requisite; & I expected both of
us should have been pleased: tMs Fellow, not
withstanding he was so distinguishd, y' I often
put confidence in Mm to deliver out Provisions
to his Fellow Servants, could not hold it longer;
but tumd out to be an egregious Sot, and then
(no wonder) a downright Villain: for after he
had suffer 'd himself to be seduced by a pack of
Raskals, & learnt in private to drink Rum, w*"
the Town is so poisond with; 'tis not hard to
conceive y' my Stores went to pay for it ; & he
was got y' length, as to be seen drunk by me
before Breakfast time; making no value of all
the admonitions I gave him ; insomuch y' there
was a necessity of my taking some other course
with him if he persisted ; which he beginning to
be apprehensive of from a consciousness of his
own want of power to reform; the next tMng
he attempted was to run away and leave me:
the particulars of which I beg leave to refer
you to in my Journal of the 4'". inst. After his
being intercepted he lay a wMle in prison; &
upon M'. Hortons coming hither lately to wait

Cobeespondencb 175

Mr. Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

on his Lieu'. Collonel, I advised with him, & he
took him with him to Frederica, where proper
employment will be found for him in digging
and wheeling, at the publick Works carrying on
at that Fort, and where I am promised his
labour shall not be spared; so y' he may leam ^^^ j^.
not to be idle nor drunken. Two of my High- makTgood.
landers, out of 3 y' I had, prove pretty well ; &
if I reckon two more to add to 'em, out of all
the rest, tis as far as I can venture to say at
present; which (leaving that Raskall out of the
List) brings it to about half, as I said above.
Forgive me this long tale y* I have obtruded
upon you who I well know have no time to spare
for Bagatels, and let me be always in your Mnd
esteem, who am
S'. Your very hearty humble Servant
Will: Stephens.
P. S. Collonel Cochran tells me he has a great
many Plants of Trees and Vines coming from
Eingland, and that the Quarter Master M'. Wan-
, . ,,-¦-»-, n Designs for
set who was some years about Bourdeaux, & planting.
understands the nature of a Vineyard perfectly
well, designs planting this Season, if a Ship
comes directly for this place before Christmas,
a Vineyard of 4000 Plants. A thing w*" might
be of great advantage to the Colony.

176 Colonial Recoeds

T. Causton to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
T. Causton to Me. Haeman Vebelst, account
ant TO T e Honoeable the Teustees foe
Establishing Geobgia in Ajvibbica at the
Geobgia Office in Old Palace Yaed. West
ministee. Received 15 July 1738.

Red
WaxSeal

Savannah May 28 1738.

Sir

I Herewith Inclose you Copies of my Journall
from the 24'". of May to the 24'". of July with
I"orwards ti^the"^™^' the severall Papers thereby referd to
Trustees. I allso [sic] such Other Letters As have been
Comitted to my Care to their friends in Eng
land and Scotland.
I Desire you would Present my said Journall
to the Board of Trastees & Forward the sev
erall Letters Agreable to their Directions.
The Clerks could not Possible Finish the Gen
erall Heads of Ace", so as to be sent by tMs
Oppertunity but will be Forwarded as soon as
Possible, And am Sir
Yo'. Most Obedient Serv'. T. Causton.

Cobbbspondence 177

Mr. Wm. Williamson to the Trustees.

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. William Williamson's Lettee to the
Teustees, 28 May 1737 in Which he makes
COMPLAINTS against ReV. JoHN WeSLEY.
Received 15 July 1738. 0.
May it Please y'. Honours
I Rece'd a Letter from M'. Verelst Dat 14'"
Decem'. last wherein he Acquaints me that You
have Orderd a Copy of my Letter to y'. Hon".
Dat. 9'" Sep', last & of my Wives Affid'. therein
Inclosd to be Sent to M'. John Wesley for his complaint
Answer thereto That my Complaint & Ms wesiey.
answer might be Considered of at the same
time — He further Acquaints me that it was
very Wrong in me to Order the Presentments
of the Grand Jury & my Wives Affid'. to be
Printed Adding that it wa,s taking a Remedy &
Appealing to the World at the same time that
I was Applying to the Trustees, of the Colony
to Consider my Case — He further Adds If I
should have any further Complaint against M'.
Wesley or any one Else That I am Desird to
Let the Party Complaind ag*. have a Copy of
such Complaint that they may at the same time
Send their Defence For that your Honours can
not Determine on hearing one side —
I Did not Intend to Trouble y'. Honours any
further about s*. M'. Wesley who after having
sufficiently Exposd himself in these parts by Ms
,,.,.,,. -r^ CaUs his
Notorious behaviour Run away from hence in ^5,l5Jj,

notorious.

the Beginning of Decem'. last after having Re-
fusd to Comply with an Indulgent Demand of

178 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Wm. Williamson to the Trustees.

the Magistrates, wMch was to Enter into a
Recognizance by himself only to Appear at the
Court of Savannah when Requird to Answer to
the Presentments of the Grand Jury & after a
Publick Order of s*. Magistrates that he sho*.
not Depart the Colony till he had so Done.
Col. Stevens tells me he has long since Ac
quainted y'. Hon", very fully with all Particu-
wMtl^to-*° lars of M'. Wesleys behaviou in my Affair
on^so^^rth- therefore I shall not take up any more of y'.
subject. Hon", time on so Worthless a Subject But must
Beg Leave to Answer some Particulars of M'.
Verelst 's Letter from which I am apprehensive
y'. Honours have not Riecevd my Complaint in
so kind a manner as I Presumd to hope & that
you are not so well Acquainted with my Charac
ter & behaviour in these Parts as I could Wish.
As to the Order on my Complaint I could not
Expect Y'. Hon", wo*. Proceed any further than
the same Inasmuch as I was & still am very
Sensible how difficult it must be for any one
(who was not an Eye Witness to the Facts) to
Beleive that so upright a Man as M'. Wesley
has always Endeavourd to Show himself (or
rather pretended to be) sho*. be Guilty of so
much premeditated Wickedness as I Repre
sented. I hope y. Hon", will not Continue in y'. Opin
ion that It was wrong in me to Order the Pre-
Defends his scutmeuts of the Grand Jury & my Wives Affid'.
own course "^ "^
of conduct, to be Printed when I Acquaint Y'. Hon", that
my Name & Character was first Exposd all over
Carolina & in some parts of New England, after

Cobeespondencb 179

Mr. Wm. W'illiamson to the Trustees.

which I humbly Conceive I had a Just Reason
to take that Remedy & a Right thereto tho' by
the Artifices of M'. Wesley I never could Pro
cure them to be Printed .
But further on this head I Beg Leave to
Acquaint y'. Hon". That since my Arrival in
this Province I have always Shew'd myself
Zealous as well to Promote the Interest thereof
as to Defend the honour & Justice of the Admin
istration of Affairs in it. For this Reason as „Reasons for
well as for my own private Account I thought tafn'pub-"^'^'
it necessary to Print s*. Presentments, And the,
Magistrates well know I often told them, that
it might very well be Presumed from M'. Wes
leys Behaviour That he would Stick at nothing
to Scandalize them & their Proceedings & to
Lessen the Honour of the Trustees. Wherefore
I Lookd upon Printing said Presentments as a
Publick Service, not doubting but said M'. Wes
ley would falsify them, w°". y'. Honours will
perceive was afterwards Done by a Paragraph
in the Charles town News in the Inclosd Caro
lina Gazette.

Ilea tions.

As to that Part of the Charles town News in
the Inclosd Gazette which Relates to Watson I Approvedby Mr.
Beg Leave to Acquaint y'. Hon". That at M'. causton.
Caustons Instance & by his Approbation I held
a Correspondence with the Printer at Charles
Town, In Order to Print any Occurrences here
that might be Beneficial to or tend to Clear up
any former Misrepresentations of the Colony _
accordingly among Others I Sent that Para
graph Relating to said Watson which is a Truth

180 Colonial Records

Mr. Wm. Williamson to the Trustees.

too publickly known here for any Inhabitant to
be Ignorant of, yet I am well Informd & Assurd
that M'. Wesley Asserted it to be a falsity, &
also Procurd the Recantation as well as the
Other Paragraph Relating to the Presentments
&c'". to be Printed.
As to any Papers to which my Complaint
Refers M'. Wesley had sufficient Knowledge of
Every Particular & what Proceedings were had
here in Regard to the Party "Complaind against
having a Copy of the Complaint." Y'. Hon".
will be fully Acquainted with them by M'. Caus
tons Journals, at whose Instance In Regard he
Urg'd to me the Publick peace & Good, I Agreed
to the several Propositions of Accomodation
which he Made to M'. Wesley, Whose Guilt Y'.
ley's ill- Hon", will perceive not only Furnish 'd him with
best' Wend, the Evasive Answers he Made to such Proposi
tions But also spurrd him on to ill Treat his
best ffriend (M'. Causton) in the manner he
since hath Done.
I must Beg Leave to Add that no Doubt Y'.
Hon", well know that had such an unjust Action
been Done by any Clergyman in England (tho'
of superior digmty to M'. Wesley) the Course
of Law could not have been Stopp'd but must
have been free & open against him, at the same
time I hope y'. Hon", will not think I complain
of the Indulgence of the Law here, which on the
Contrary I Look upon as a great happiness to
the Colony, But I mention this in Regard M'.
Verelst 's Letter seems to hint That, y'. Hon".
are not well Pleas'd with my Conduct in this

Correspondence 181

Mr. Wm. Williamson to the Trustees.

Affair When it is well known, I Sufferd myself
to be daily ill treated by M'. Wesley & did not
use him in the manner he Deserv'd for no other
Reason than because M'. Causton told me such
Conduct wo*, be Displeasing to Y'. Honours &
a hurt to the publick peace which at that time
& on that very Affair many ill Designing Per
sons were too much Inclinable to Break, other
wise I never had Troubled your Hon", with a
Complaint on that head _ But sho*. I ever have
any further Complaint to Send to y'. Hon". I
shall always Endeavour to Act in it with as
much Regard to the Publick Good & with as
much Justice & truth as I have Done in this
against M'. Wesley.
Finally. I must presume to hope Your Hon
ours will consider the cruel Injustice of Repell-

Cruel in.

ing a Person from the Lord's Table who Comes i6!iei'ifng°'a
there with a pure Zeal & unfeign'd Sincerity, thr^Lord-s™

'Tis an Action of too black a Nature to be
lightly Treated, & can Admitt of no Construc
tion in Favour of the Doer, Who, tho ' he were
punish 'd in the most severe manner the Law
Requires, can never Restore to the Injurd the
Peace of Mind he hath taken away
I am Y'. Hon". Most Obed'. &
Faithfull humble Serv'.
W". Williamson.
Savannah in Georgia
28'". May 1738.

Table.

182

Colonial Records

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Will : Stephens to Mr. Harman Vebelst. Ac
comptant TO THE Honoeable Teustees fob
Establishing the Colony of Geobgia at
THEIE Office neae the Palace Yaed. West
ministee. Savannah 3 Jun : 1738.

Bnclosed certificate
from the
Captains of
certainships.

S'. Having wrote you so lately as of the 27'".
past, I should not probably have troubled you
with another so soon, were it not at the Instance
of Collonel Cochran, who desires me tq send
you the enclosed certificate from the Captains
of the 2 SMps Amy & WM taker ; by w*" you wiU
observe that he misses a Bale of Matrasses &
Blankets y' he expected, & would have been of
necessary use : wherefore he prays the favour
of you to enquire into it, y' they may be sent
when his Lady comes. The last of the Soldiers
y' came with the Collonel (except a few y' are
left upon recovery from Sickness here) went
South the beginning of this week; and the two
Captains Newham & Whiting saild this mormng
for Virginia; the other Transport, called the
Lightfoot, being gone South with part of the
men, and not yet retumed; the Collonel pur
poses to follow them to the Alatamaha tomor
row or Monday at farthest. Whether or not this
will overtake the Packett at Charles Town w*"
went hence from us on Sunday last under the
care of Collonel Cockrans Sej'. for England,

Cobeespondencb 183

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

is uncertain; it must take its chance. The
Collonel offers his Complements to you and all
Friends; and I am always / S'

Your Real humble Servant
Will: Stephens.

[Enclosure.]
These is [sic] Certifie M'. Jn°. Mosely slop-
man at Billinsg'. that the Bale of Matross'. w*"
should have been sent on Bor'd y* Amy &
Direckted [sic] to Coll: Cochrane Was a long
side of y* sMp y* 29 or 30'" of Dec'. 1737 & Was
sent away again, y* ship being full it likewise
appearing on y* Discharge of y* Said SMp at
Savannah in Georgia that no such Bale Appeard
as Witness
J. Newham.
Georgia [ June y* 3 : 1738.
[Written on the back of the above Certificate
in the original]
This is to Certifie y'. I Delivered no such Bale
from on Board y* WM taker as is Mention'd
on y* other Side. Ro Whiting.

184 Colonial Recobds

Rev. Dr. Beareroft to Lord Egmont.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
From Rev^. Dr. Beaeceoft to Loed Egmont
ABOUT Me. Noeris. Addressed to the Right
Honorable the Eabl of Egmont in Pall-
Mall. These
Black] Wax Seal
S*. Martin's Library June 16'". 1738.
My Lord,
The bearer M'. Norris offered Mmself to the
board of the Society for the Progation of the
Recom- Gospel this morning ; he comes very well recom-
NoS-is as 'a mended from the Primate of Ireland, but there
missionary . _ . .
for Georgia, ig no Mission vacaut With US ; it occurred to me
you were pleased to ask about a Missionary for
Georgia, & he seems very willing to undertake
the Office, if approved of. This is therefore to
introduce him to your LordsMp to offer his
Service for that Mission, if not already sup
plied. The Affair with the Duke of Grafton
hangs yet in suspence, with my humble Respects
to the Countess of Egmont
I am My Lord
Your most Obliged
& Most Obedient
Servant PMlip Beareroft.

Cobeespondencb 185

Capt. Dunbar to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Expecting

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Capt. Dunbae to the Accot^^'"', Mb. Haeman
Veeelst. Savannah, June 25, 1738. Re
ceived 19 Mabch, 1738. ( ?) Read. "
Sir Our arraival hes no doubt been with you be
fore now, we were in hopes, as the rest of the
Regiment was brought so neigh London before oliShi-pe's
we left England, that the General wou'd be ^""^^^
here as soone as we, and now we look wishfuly
for Mm every hour, and expect Mm every day.
The men since they have gon to their seviral
Guarishons have preserv'd their health So
Wonderfully, that when I left SI'. Simons on the
19'" we hade but one man and one woman Seek
and carred their laielments with them to the
Country. Upon our Arraivall there were thirtie
three Sent to an Hospital at Savannah of wMch
five dy'd and three are now Seek, the rest have luness
TT T -, ,-, r. , ,., among the
alradie or are now radie by the first opportunity soldiers at

to join their Companys. Our Smal houses at S'.
Simons are by this time I hope finishd 14 foot
by 12 for evirie 6 men, and I'm told they are as
forward at S'. Anderous the men are So delyted
with the Countrie that I am convinced they
would not cMnge their S^oituation wilth kny
Regiment the King hes, and how much more So,
when they began to reap the benefits, our Gen
erals presence and a feaw years indistry will
bring them.
I have five men at work on the frame loat,
the Generall was so kinde to give my Sister at

the gar
rison.

186 Colonial Recoeds

Capt. Dunbar to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Frediryca, and I hope to contribute a like to
remove the prejudices some indistrious enamys
of Indistry and the Collony have malitiously
Sprade (that planting will not doe).
If there is any imbarcation of Ser". from
the^^a^ssage Scotland this year I'le be obliged if you woud
servants. mention to the Trastees to alow me the passage
of ten Ser". to be put on board by my friends at
Inverness, and I'le pay the passage here in a
Shorte time after their arraivall of this I write
to M'. Hossack & recommend to him to Send me
them of the Age about 15 or 16 years ratir then
grown men & if you write him you may mention
tMs. I intend they for my 500 acre loat on the
Altamaha which the Generall Intends to give
me for what I now have on this river. —
I hope the primage is pay'd to M'. Grant.
I am. Sir Your Most obedient Servant
George Dunbar.
Savanah 25*". June 1738.
be So kind to get the two inclosed leters frank 'd
& forwarded :
M'. Herman Verelst.

Cobeespondencb

187

Roger Lacy to the Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
RoGEE Lacy to the Honoeable the Teustees
FOB Establishing the Colony of Geoegia.

Red
Wax Seal

Present.

For Augusta June 26'". 1738.

Gen'men

M' Jn°. Miller is an Industrous and Laborius
man of a fair Character and Desirous of Setling Recom- mends a
of a Lot of fifty acres N°. 12 under the tenour |?^'^^t'"of
and Restrictions as the freeholder of Savannah ^" "
hold their Lotts. — I therefore Recomend the
Said Jn°. Miller to your Honnours for a grant
of fifty acres the Lot N°. 12 In the township of
Atigusta and am
Your Honners most obed'.
Humble Serv'. to Command
Roger Lacy.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Egmont to Mr. Haeman Veeelst at his house
IN BEOADWAY. WeSTMINISTEE.
Red
Wax Seal

Chariton 1 July 1738.

M'. Verelts

Uunluckily the express you sent down yester
day did not stay till my coming, or he would

188 Colonial Recoeds

Egmont to Mr. Harman Verelst.

have returnd with an answer from me to your
letter, but I hope my Servant will deliver you
tMs before you go out. The Bishop has not
Bishop un- used the Trustees civily in refusing to See M'.
Mr. Norris. Norris wheu recomended by them, and Ms put
ting him off till Monday, when infromed that it
was necessary he should be ordained to morrow
makes me think he will not ordain him, for
wMch let him answer to God. However I have
wrote my self to Mm, of wMch I enclose you a
copy, and I advise your going tMs very morning
with it to Fulham and deliver my letter your
self and take M'. Norris with you, that if my
L". should be prevaild on to consent, he may
examine M'. Norris, and thereupon ordain him
tomorrow : in wMch case M'. Norris may remain
at Fulham tMs night. Take with you also M'.
Sbnith if he has leasure to go, and inclination,
wMch trouble he I 'me Sure would not avoid, if
well with the Bishop. If the affair will do, I
would have you venture the departure of the
SMp by Waiting till Sunday Sennit, in case the
Bishop should Say he cannot ordain him till
then, but that then he will : but if he neither will
do it to morrow nor promise it the Sunday after,
then you must look out for Some other Bishop,
Ordination and show him the copy of that I wrote to the
urged with- Bishop as Ms inducement, having not time to
out delay. '- . .
write my self nor knowing indeed who to write
to. I know not if the Bishop of Gloster be in
town, nor do I know Bishop Howard of Ireland,
who M'. La Roch said was in town, and is I Sup
pose acquainted with him. If the Bi. of Bristol

Cobeespondencb 189

Egmont to Mr. Harman Verelst.

be yet in town, M'. La Roch I believe could
persuade him. I would by no means Speak to

If one

D'. Bundy to attend you to Fulham, or even to Bishop re
write to the Bishop unless there be a necessity, anotler.
for I take bim not to desire any Minister thered
go, unless on the fond foot he left us for not
agreeing to. Yet if there were a necessity, per-
happs he might write, tho' I doubt it, he not
having assisted at our meetings even as Trustee.
If the Bishop of London will ordain him, he will
also I hope recomend him to the Treas''. which
you will take care td mention to him. I am
Y'. affec'. friend & Serv'.
Egmont.
I hope youl take
care to have a board
on Wednesday.
Should you apply to the Bishop of Gloster
you may tell Mm that if I had known he was in
town I would have waited on him to ask this
favour of him. If any of them Scruple to do
the work, because the Bi. of London declines it,
you must sumon up your best reasons for ex
plaining the Bishops reason.
M'. Norris lodges in S'. Martin's Street
Leicester fields at M'. Browns a Taylors If you
think it necessary send my Servant to M'. Norris
to meet you where you shall appoint.

190

Colonial Recoeds

Earl of Egmont to Bishop of London.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Copy of the Eabl of Egmonts' Lettee to the
Bishop of London.

Charlton 1 July 1738.

Commends
Mr. Norris
to the
Bishop and
asks for
his ordina
tion.

My Lord
The Trustees of Georgea met on Wednesday
last to appoint a Minister for Savannah the
principal Town of that Province, and with great
pleasure and unanimity made choice of M'.
Norris on perusal of Ms Testimonial and the
Primate of Irelands letter wMch they perceived
by your LordsMp 's to the Incorporate Society
gave you Satisfaction. They therefore intrea-
ted your Ldsp by letter signed by their Secref :
to put the Gentleman into Deacons and Priests
orders with as little loss of time as possible in
case you approved of Mm by reason there goes
a ship in ten days or a fortnight at farthest,
the Cap' of which is experienced on our Coast
and will behave towards him with all the regard
due to his Character and Function : But if this
opportunity be lost it may be some months be
fore we can send him or find out another of good
reputation, during which time severall hundred
souls will be deprived of Publick Worship ac
cording to the rights of our Church, to the great
needs of the scaudal of Foreigners Settled among them and
Province. ° °
the manifest exposing them without a Spiritual
guide to run astray, and either become Deists or
by necessity turn dissenters. The Trustees
have this matter at heart as of great conse-

Cobeespondencb 191

Bisliop of London to the Earl of Egmont.

quence, and for wMch they are accountable to
God and man, but now acquit their Consciences
by recomending M'. Norris to you, whom I dis
patched the next day with the letter above men
tioned to your Ldsp at Fulham, but learned that
he could not have the hon'. to see you ; this oc
casioned my troubling you so soon with another
letter by M'. Verelts our Aecomp'. the Ordina
tion if you so think fit requiring that dispatch
which has been represented to y' Lordsp. I am
Y'. Lordsp Most humble and
Obed'. serv'.
Egmont.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Copy of the Bishop of Londons ' lettee to the
Eabl of EIgmont. Fulham July 3*. 1738.
My Lord,
I have ordaind M'. Norris Deacon, and am
ready to ordain him Priest on Sunday next, OTdai^eT'^L
agreeably to the Desire of Your Lordship and
the Other Trastees. But I cannot regularly
proceed further than I have already done, till I
know what Ms Salary is, and under what Au
thority and Direction he is to be, in order to

deacon.

192 Colonial Recoeds

Jas. Pierce to Mr. Harman Verelst.

the due Discharge of Ms Office, and his con
tinuance in it
I am with great Truth and Esteem.
My Lord Yo'. Lordship's
very faithful Servt.
Edm : London.
Copy of a Letter from the Bishop of
London to the R. Hon"'* the Earl of Egmont.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. James Piebcb concerning the Choctaw
Indians Peacablbness with y^. Chickesaws
TO Haeman Veeelst Esq. at the Geoegia
Office in old palace yabd.
olobath. Westminister.
London July 14'". 1738.
S'. by yesterdays post from Cowes I Received a
letter from M'. Richard Hill of Charles town in
South Carolina of the 9'". ult°. which I hope will
prove of great advantage to our american Set
tlements, especially to Georgia & 'Carolina & as
tMs gentleman is a man of sense & veracity you
may Inform the Trustees thereof he says as
under
Choctaw ~ There hath happened an affair very lately
Indians. _ .^s^ j^^^y. -^^ q£ great moment & very fortunate

Cobeespondencb 193

Jas. Pierce to Mr. Harman Verelst.

-to this province if rightly managed, for the
- Choctaw Indian, a very powerfull nation In-
- habiting on the Mississippi river & entirely in
- the french Interest, have made peace with the
- CMckesaws who are our allies, who have pre-
- vailed on the former to send an Embassy to
- our Government to Desire our Trade acknowl-
- idging that the French Cannot supply them as
-wee do our Allies, & that they are now Con-
- vinced that the French kept them at variance
-& warr with their neighbours, purely to
- weaken them all & then to make their advant-
- age of it.
- 'These people they say have 10,000 Fighting
-men settled in near fifty Towns & live about
- 900 miles Distance from hence, if wee Can fix mg men^
settled in
-them in our Intrest it will prodigiously En- ^'ty towns.
- large our Indian trade & weaken the french in
- such manner that we shall have little to fear
-from them
I am &cn
I shall be Gladd of a Confirmation of this
news not Doubting but that our legislature will
be glad of tMs opertunity to secure our Fron
tiers, against our Encroaching neighbours
I am Y'. very Humble Serv'.
Ja*. Pearce.

194 Colonial Recobds

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Wm. Stephens Esq. to Me. Haeman Vebelst
Accomptant to the honoeable the Teus
tees FOB establishing t b Colony of Geoegia
at theie Off ce neae the Palace Yabd.
Westministee.. Received 13 Dec. 1738.
Red
Wax Seal

Savannah 25 July 1738.

S'.

I wrote you the 27 May by Serjeant M*enzie ;
wMch was followed soon after by a short one
of the 3*. June , at the Instance of Collonel
Cochran, and went in the Dartrich Merch'.
Henry West Master, for Cowes.
Herewith I enclose a letter addressed to the
honorable the Trastees : a continuation of my
Journal from the 27 May to this day both inclu
sive: the several States of Old and New Eben
ezer: Abercorn; Hampstead, & Highgate: to
gether with a short Abstract of the Number of
GeorSa set- Acros planted in various Plantations distinct
from the Township of Savannah; as I lately
found them: I in my next I hope to set tMs
whole Township in its true light w'" regard to
their planting; when probably I shall make
such Observations thereon as I apprehend may
be just, whether it be in their favour or other
wise : but this being a work which w'". due in
spection must take time; for which reason I

Concerning

Cobeespondencb 195

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

would bestow such on it as was most proper &
reasonable; I thought twould come most per
fect and regularly last. Without doubt Notice
wUl be taken that Thunderbolt is not found
among the Lists of adjacent Plantations; & Thunder. bolt in a
sorry I am to write y'. that Village, once the ^ftf^^""-
Great Exemplar of all Improvements in these
parts, is now in a manner become desolate : the
Division of those Lands being among 4, viz M'.
Lacy, and his Brother, Hetherington, and
Bishop ; from the time of M'. Laceys command
at Augusta, his Plantation here became wholly
neglected; for wMch he alleged want of Ser
vants: Ms Wife nevertheless continued upon
those Premises ; who tis to be f eard will appear
a most vile Woman in many respects : and what
course of life they all followed there, (who
staid in the place) instead of cultivating Land,
appears too plainly from the Notes I took of
the proceedings of the last Court, as they'll be
found in my Journal ; and more at large (I must
suppose) from the Magistrates and tis generally p,^^. ^o use
taken for truth, that Hetherington and Bishops loods.
intent was, to quit the place entirely, after they
had raised what mony they could by sale of
stollen Goods ; wMch might in a little time have
produced a plentifull Store especially if all
proves true which is commonly now reported,
that they had carried on a trade with some of
the Carolinians for a while, whom they supplyd
with Barreld Beef and Pork, w*" they took Rum
in exchange for, and by y* means helped to fur
nish some of our unlicensed Retailers of that
forbidden Liquor, & to forward the Destruction

196 Colonial Recobds

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

of the place. Whether these Suggestions are
well founded or not, I cant say; but they seem
too probable; for tis evident y' no people in
these parts have lived in greater Plenty, 'with-
parties out any Visible Fond to support it: and now
p?^v?^e.*''® after all, when convicted of Felony on 2 In
dictments, besides several more y' they have not
yet been try'd on, they have broke Jayl & are
fled, together with that notorious fellow Wright,
who stood committed for want of finding Bail
for Ms future appearance, to answer Ms Be
haviour among the Indian Nations.
I would not let any thing escape me, if I knew
it, without taking some notice of it, y' ought
property to fall under my cognizance ; especial
ly when opportunitys of writing fall out so
seldome now, and are likely to be more rare
for some time coming: but I perswade myself
Paucity of words will not be laid to my charge ;
tion™f%he & tis Well if the contrary dont condemn me ; in
sought. writing much, to little purpose. It has not been
my good fortune hitherto to be any way adver
tised, after so many months, in what Light I
stand with those whom I have the Honour to
serve, & would gladly do it to good effect : let it
appear as a mark of your Friendship, w*" I set
so much value on, to be informed by you in so
material a Point. After what you was so kind
to acquaint me in your last of the 17 Feb con
cerning our Generals appointed time of leaving
England with the remainder of the Regiment,
and of our good Friend Collonel Horseys ap
pointment to be Governour & Lieu'. General of

Cobeespondencb 197

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

South Carolina ; I must imagine they either are
or ¦will be both on their way into this part of the thOTpe*^'^'
World, before what I now write comes to hand ;
wherefore it would be vain to be writing letters
of no Import but Complements: the Respect
wMch I shall ever be ready to shew, & my zeal
to render them what acceptable Service lies in
my power will best manifest my Sincerity. We
have not had a Word of News from Europe
since what came to Carolina by Cap'. Keet in the kittle news
beginning of May; & my Correspondent there ° "'^°^*'
writes me the same: w°" is very surprizing to
every body. I am
S'. Your most humble and hearty Servant
Will: Stephens.
P. S.
July 26.
Just as I was sending off my letters. Coll
Cochran is this minute come to us from the
South, who engages me to recommend it earn- „
estly to you to prevail w'" the Trustees to send leit. *° ^^
out a SMp in Sept or Oct. pursuant to what I
wrote them, at Ms Instance, in mine of the 27
May : to wMch I ask leave to refer.

List of letters comitted to my care
to enclose in tMs Packett.

To M'. Juda Senher
Henriques 
To M'. Isaac Netts 
To M'. Abraham de
Samuda 

From M'. Nunes
Henriques

198 Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

From M'. Paterson
at Frederica.

To Cap' Francis Gearie
To M'. George Vander-
eyker 
To M'. PMhp Calwell— | Sent me from Lieu'.
To M'. Jn°. Dooly  ) Delegal.
To M'. James Hutton  From M'. WMtfield.
To M". Stephens  From W.S. not doubt
ing its being forwarded w'".
care by y* Post
To Alex'. Grant Esqr. of Dalrachny__From D°.
and could it be honourd w'".
a Frank, twould be Mnd.
To Peregrine Furie Esq'. — From Collonel
Cochran.

List of
Jetter^ en- To Eliz : Nicholls at Cooleykenny in Wickley m
''^'=''^*- Ireland.
Capt". Tho'. Wansell in Green street Bath.
M'. John Grant of Dalrachny near Avrimore
Scotland
Ann Turner at M'. Rogers an Apothecary
ag''. the new Church Ratcliff
Highway.
M". Spencer the lower end of Leather lane
near Holborn.
Major Tho'. Weldon at George's Chocolate
house S'. James's.
M". Cochran
M'. Adam Anderson
M'. Judah Senior Henriquez.
M'. Alex'. Grant Sadler in King Street S'.
James's.

Cobeespondencb 199

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. '21.)
William Stephens Esq. to the Honoeable the
Teustees foe Establishing the Colony, op
Geoegia. Received 13 Dec. 1738.
Savannah 25 July 1738.
Honourable Gentlemen
In mine of the 27 May I sent Coppy of my
Joumal to that time, together with Duplicate of
my former letter, as usual; & committed it to
the care of M'. M^kenzy Serjeant to Collonel
Cochran, who sailed from Charles Town in the
Baltick Merchant, Cap'. M'^kenzie, bound for „ ^ ^ „
' ^ ' Sends dupli-
Cows : Duplicate of that letter I now send ; as fmportant^
as so a continuation of my Journal to tMs time ;
w*" indeed is extended farther than ordinary,
by reason of the rareness of Ships sailing from
Oharles Town for England at this Season ; & I
fear from hence forward we shall scarce hear
of any more going yet a while: so my Corres
pondent writes me, to whose care I send this
thither, upon notice y' there was one near ready
to sail now.
It has been an inward pleasure to me, when
in some of my last letters I have represented
the people of this Colony in general, as lately
come to sucih a way of tMnking, and good Dis
position, (setting aside some few, who I fear
will never do themselves or others any good)
that 'twas apparent a much greater quantity of
land was improved this year, than ever yet had
been: all which I cannot but adhere to for a
Truth; and from thence I was willing to form

200

Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Long-con tinueddrought.

Want of
good and
proper seed.

such conjectures as might be expected from a
good Harvest, towards our future Maintenance :
but whilst we were thus elated. Providence has
been pleased to check our expectations, and
teach us to think it well if we can secure half
that abundance in a Crop, which we had eagerly
conceived & wMch is very grievous to me now
to write of. Por tMs great Disappointment,
twill doubtless be expected some cause should be
assignd; and that (class!) is too evident; name
ly such a long continued Drought as tis said the
like has not been known in mans Memory for
they carry it as far back as the last Summer,
which felt it towards the latter end: from the
time that I came in October, I must say y' very
little Rain fell all y" Winter; insomuch y' the
Springs gave off in many places before Summer-
came again ; nevertheless the Com y' was plan
ted, came up pretty promising, maMng a good
appearance for a while ; till the Heats, w*" began
early this year, parchd the Earth to that De
gree, y' abundance for want of moisture to cool
the Root, dried up and wither 'd. Another mis
fortune attending us, was want of good & proper
Seed; for not having a sufficient quantity of
what they call the Virginia Com, which is large,
broad, & white, & usually proves well here ; there
was a parcell of Yellowskinned Corn brought,
highly commended for its usual encrease in the
Northern Provinces; but twas too fatally ex
perienced that it proved very different here,
where the Soil is not of so cool a nature as where
it grew before : abundance of tMs therefore will
come to little; and they who had the good luck

Cobeespondencb 201

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Carolina

to plant most wMte Corn will fare best ; That
having held it tolerably well in all the Heat ; and
now for some time we have had fine & frequent
refreshing Rains, more than for a year past put
all together ; wMch the River Savannah plainly
discoverd, hardly affording water enough to
make it passable for the Indian trading Row-
Boats to go to Augusta or New Windsor. Were makes"the
others misfortunes an allevation of ours (wMch complaint.
was a Heathen, but Devillish Maxim) Carolina
makes the sanae Complaint, & more, of the
Drought; which has so affected their Planta
tions of Com & Rice, that a publick Fast was
lately observd in that Province, by order of the
President and Councill; wherein they were to
depreciate the Divine Wrath, to avert a Famine,
and to spare them under the Mortality which
rages among 'em in the small Pox Amidst so
common a Calamity we have some Settlements
nevertheless, which appear such as the Occu
piers have no reason to complain of, & w*". I
have put together in short Lists y' will shew
whom they belong to. To make mention of
those now, who have made no attempt, or but
little progress in cultivating & planting, I con
ceive would be needless; since I intend not one
¦of em shall pass without proper notice, when I
have fully perfected the whole ; w*" I think I may
be confident will be in my next; being now
busyed among the 5 and the 45 acre Lots belong
ing to the Town ; and with those I purposed to
conclude all. But tis a melonchoUy Story I havei Frederica

yet to add from Frederica ; where I am informed uase crops!'
y' their labour is almost wholly Lost, by their

202 Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Crop being eat off : and at Darien, where we had
great expectation of plenty, they are also by
the same means in a great measure defeated.
Whether this is to be attributed mostly to a bad
Seed is hard to say.
Could I gratify my own inclinations, in writ
ing something that would preponderate such a
Misfortune, it would not go unobserved; but
Time yet to come most produce that which
every Good Man hopes for : and it behoves me
to follow Truth, whatever Shape it appears in.
If I may take leave to refer to my Journal, I
assure myself 'twill not be expected I should
spin out a tedious Bagatel here, after having
already noted every occurrence as it passed;
too many of w*". I fear will be judged needless ;
tho' others (as I concieve) may be thought
worthy your consideration, and Your Honours
Gaol filled Direction for the future. To find here a Goal
with criminals. g^ g^^j -^th Criminals, undoubtedly must look
ill; and as I have minuted what I thought most
remarkable in the Proceedings of the Court the
last Session ; so I ought to leave it to the Magis
trates, to lay the whole before you in proper
Form. God forbid such Crimes should abound
among us hereafter. It is to be hoped thro' M'.
WMtfield Endeavours, offences of another
Nature also may abate; & y* several kinds of
Debauchery, which too often have appeard
bare faced, among people of different Ranks,
and gone impune, may be exposed to shame, and
utterly discountinanced. I should do wrong not
to say, we have visibly a considerable number

Cobeespondencb 203

Wm. Stephens to the Trustees.

Mr. Whit.

of such men, as are inclined to work and take
pains ; wMlst it must be conf essd there are also
too many Idle and Lazy, whom the Colony will
never be the better for: but even among our
best Workers, a little Reformation of Manners
will admit to be wishd for, and every tMng done
that may conduce to promote it : and by the un
common attention I have observed of late given
to publick Devotion, it may be hoped That Good
Work is already begun from Mr. Whitfields so s|^i^ef°°*
dailiy gaining on the affections of the people:
but the practice of open Lewdness, in first
making Whores of their Female Servants ; then
cohabiting with them and their Bastards, from
whence a continuation of the same Course may
be presumed; wMch is too common among our
Gay Gentry, who are either of a different Com
munion, or above the Vulgar way of frequent
ing our Church: such Pubbick Scandal I fear
will outbrave all Reproof from the Pulpit ; and I
humbly apprehend would need some coercive
Power from the Civil Magistrate to restrain it,
in such manner as Your Honours shall think
proper to advise.
Honourable Gentlemen

Your most obedient humble Servant
Will Stephens.

204

Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Gfeorgia, Vol. 21.)
Mb. Causton Tb the Honoble the Teustees
FOE establishing Geobgia in Ameeica 25
JuLLY, 1738. Receded 13 Dec. 1738
Gentlemen I herewith transmitt a Continuance of my
Journall to the 24'". of September last; As
?f ^Mr.^ John severall parts of it, relate to the Conduct of M'.
continued. John Wcsly, I tMnk it incumbent upon me to
represent the Generall methods by him taken
previous to the Open Differences, therein men-.
tion'd: It was on the 12'". of March 1736, that my
Niece was (with my Consent) married at Pur-
risburgh to M'. William Williamson. When it
was known That Such Marriage was intended
M'. Wesley came to my house, and discovered
to my wife his desire of marrying her himself
with Expressions of much Grief & in Tears.
And as he had not an Ovpertunity of speaking
to me, he wrote me the Letter as ^ inclosed
Coppy. After the Marriage he appear'd inconsolable;
sometimes wanting to see her, at other times
promis'd he would never see her, and in this
manner at severall times addresst Mmself both
to Mr. Williamson and me; and never fail'd to
assure each of us of the Strictest Love and
ffreindship ; generally with this Conclusion. It
is the Lords Will and I will submit to it.
As I had preserv'd a steady regard for a
Mutual ffriendsMp with M'. Wiesley I am cer-

Wanted to
marry Sophia
Hopkins.

Grievedwhen she
married Mr.
Williamson.

Cobeespondencb 205

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

tain nothing was wanting (on my part) to de
monstrate it. Therefore when or on what Oc
casion it was, that he first resolv'd to Act other
wise, he best can tell. So much as appear'd Refuses her
T . . ,.j5 T . T n J T Sacrament
openly to me, is notified m my Journall, and 1 of the
can't help saying. That for some time before, supper.
and even after, his Refusall of the Sacrament
of the Lords Supper to my Niece, Ms expres
sions seem'd Doubtfull, and Ms Actions shew'd
a Resolution to join with, and be an Advocate
for every Discontented person he mett with,
The facts of which will be self evident. —
As to the Prosecution begun against him,
just in itself ) I did my endeavour, for the sake of
'' / .' J Spurred by
Ms Holy ffunction and Religion in generall) Frili^s^^to
that it might have been before your Honours ^a%n^'
llcatlons.
only, and I am Apt to believe sho*. have pre
vail' d, if Ms pretended Friends had not Spur'd
him so fast as to publish many pretended
Reasons for what he had done ; And in Generall
gave out he had Your Honours Authority for it,
and in others Insinuated that my Neice had been
guilty of something very notorious which in due
time, he would make appear.
As the Complaints concerning M'. Wesley's
behaAdour had been many and Obviously just;
with great Submission to your Honours , It
would not have been consistent with my Duty as
a Magistrate to hear and see such Noveltys in
troduced Such Powers Sett up. Such Actions
done and Designs carried on, having such fatall
Tendencys ; without endeavouring to Stop them,
upon Application made.

206

Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

Indict ments drawn and
true bills
retumed.

Mr. Wesley
a troubler
of the
waters.

Rights of
the Grand
Jury dis
cussed.

Therefore, (having first duly taken Examina
tions upon Oath,) Indictments were drawn and
laid before a Grand jury wMch being returned
by them as true Bills, And the People having
thereby an Oppertunity of shewing their Re
sentment for the facts therein mention'd: I ob
taind an Order of Court to Stay all Prosecu
tions against M'. Wesley either concerning said
Indictments or Action brought by Mr. William
son; till Your Honours should be acquainted
with it. and Your Pleasure known in the Matter.
It was now naturaU to Suppose, That M'.
Westly (seeing himself thus attackt) would en
deavour (at any Rate) to trouble the Waters,
that he might glide with less observance.
As the Grand jury was very numerous, it
could not be Suppos'd, but some of them had
private Discontents, but it was almost past sup
position, that any Sett of men bred up in a full
Enjoyment of goods. Laws and Libertys could
entertain the Opinions they seemd (by their
Resolutions) to have imbibed; — They had re
solv'd, that it was the just Privilege of a Grand
jury to Swear as well as examine Witnesses and
to Send (by their own Authority) for Persons,
papers, and Records, — Also That the Declara
tion or Complaint of a Grand jury man was (as
such only) sufficient evidence and binding upon
the rest to charge any man. — Also, that they
had Power to adjourn themselves from time to
time (as they thought fitt) And to Sitt till they
should resolve there was no more business be
fore them.

Cobeespondencb 207

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

Wm. AgUon-

As During these Debates, they had gathered.
That the Majestrates wo*, soon break up their by"a^^°
Sitting. They Dispatcht William Aglionby to ia'«^er-
Charles Town (a Pretended Lawyer) with the
Queries as mentioned in my journall.
M'. Westly was so farr visibly interested in
these debates that it was mov'd not to return
the Bills against him, till they had gone through
with the other business ; and M'. Joseph Watson
(fose case he had particularly espoused) Was
become a Petitioner to the Inquisition at Savan
nah, as he term'd it.

Having said thus much concerning M'. Wes- Another
ley's behaviour, it is necessary I should relate fh^luwect
another Observation, I have since made on his ^*^'"'«^®"-
expressions in some of our former discourses.
When he told me, that he had been inform'd
by severall people in Town, (to the follow*. Pur
port) that he was sent into the Colony, and had
Instractions, to Inforce some particular De
signs of the Trustees, which they the Trustees
were apprehensive would be disagreable to the
People, And that he was to Represent to them,
All such who acted contrary or Opposed his
measures. TMs he expressed as if (in such a
Scituation) they who inform'd him of it im-
agin'd Mm to be a Tool.
To tMs, I must add what a Gentleman told me
when the Grand jury was Sitting on said Mr -^vhat a
Westlys affairs, with a desire to be nameless till Juror* in-
¦L 1-11 /-. , formed him.
he could have an Oppertunity of Speaking to
M'. Oglethorpe Mmself (viz) "That M'. Brom-

208 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

field £md Patrick M°kay came to him (as he ap
prehended to sound Ms thoughts) when they had
Watson's . ,
Imprison- somo discouTse of M'. Watsons Imprisonment
and (concerning which) he the Informant ex-
presst his Compassion : That M'. Bromfield then
said, the true Reason for Watson's Imprison
ment was too Evident for in his hearing said
Watson on Ms first Arrivall in the Colony askt
M'. Oglethorpe what Laws he intended for the
Colony, to Which M'. Oglethorpe (as he believed
very inadvertently answered. Such as the
Trustes thought proper, what business had Poor
people to do with Law, (or words to that pur
pose) That M'. Oglethorpe since apprehend^, it in
Watson's Power to Testifye what M'. Ogle
thorp had said, and that such Testimony would
discover his Arbitrary Designs, Therefore had
taken the Oppertunity to Continue Watson's
Imprisonment, as a means to prevent such a
plain discovery. And that he the said M'.
Bromfield verily believed the Westley's were
instracted by M'. Oglethorpe to exercise the
Authority he had pretended to sett up; The
better to introduce a Slavish Obedience among
the People.
I had given my Promise to the Gentleman who
inform'd me of this (who till then and even since
Promises to has appear'd to me to be a Man of Integrity)
Jjime oT hfs not to mention tMs in any Shape ; therefore then
norman. ^^pg^^^j^j^g ^jg^j^y ^j^ ]y[r Qglethorp's Arrivall I
made no mention of it in my journall or other
wise But as Ms desire for such Secrecy could

Cobeespondencb 209

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

only arrise from a fear of being discovered, and
prevented from doing other Servicealble things.
Length of time has now taken off that Danger
and M'. Wesleys Journey to England and Let
ters hither makes it necessary.
It is therefore easy to guess with what quarter
M'. Westly conversed when he intimated, that
some People imagin'd him to be a Tool.
I have frequently called upon the Recorder to
transmitt the Proceedings of the Court &c. I g|^°^ft'' *°
hope they will soon be finished and transmitted. celdiSgs.
But tho' Doubts may probably arise without
them, I could not prevail on myself to be par
ticular in an affair, where in I am so much con
cerned. Affairs in tMs Colony as to discontents seem
less dangerous than heretofore.
I am collecting the several Improvements on
the Land to be transmitted with the generall
Accounts. By Accounts from the Southland, all the (M-
tivations of Land there are rendered abortive Drougth
for want of Rain. This part of the Province with land
'^ improve.
will fare much better. And those who have been ™«"ts.
Industrious, and have not met with other disap
pointments will have good Crops.
The long expectation of General Oglethorp 's
arrivall being hitherto frustrated gives opper
tunity for Disturbances to grow among the
Traders to the Disquiet of the Indians.
The Governm'. of Carolina are daily sending
Agents Messengers and Trades into the Severall
Nations, and the lycens'd Traders (from hence)

210

Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Causton to the Trustees.

Province.

inform me. That many come into each without
any Lycense.
Thomas Wright (against whom) I had issued
a Warrant by (Comand of M'. Oglethorpe) was
taken at Augusta and is now in Goal till Evi
dence can come to Prosecute Mm.
The whole Province is very happy (as to its
Happy state health) and I wish for Your Honours Orders to
of the Remedy the Severall matters laid before you as
a Means to make it happyer all. ways hoping, for
the Establishm'. of some Power whereby Uncer-
taintys may be removed.
Agreable to your Accomptants Letter dated
the 17'". day of ffebruary last. I have expected
to recieve Your Orders for the Expences of the
present year, and should they not arrive before
Michas next; It will be difficult for me to
Pacify Cap'. M'^Pherson and many other people
without disobeying your repeated Commands.
TMs I promise And trust you will never find
me Guilty of maMng or Contracting willfully
any unecessary Expences, And that I will and
shall be found to dispatch the publick Accounts
with what speed I can. As also to go through
the whole public Business with that Duty and
Integrity as becomes One who with great Sub
mission Subscribes himself
Y' Honours Most Dtatifull Servt.
T. Causton.
Savannah July 25'". 1738.

Expecting orders for
expenses.

Cobeespondencb 211

Mr. Causton to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. Causton 's Lettee to the Accot-*^^'^ Me.
Haeman Vebelst at the Geoegia Office In
Old Palace Yaep. Westministee Rbcei^ ed
13 Dec. 1738. Red
Wax Seal Savannah July 26'". 1738.
Sir With this you will Receive my Diary to the
24'". of Sep". 1737 Duplicates of Receipts to the Transmits
^ his diary.
24'" of June 1738 Coppys of the Issues of Stores
taken from the Day Book of the 1^'. of Decem
ber 1737.
I have taken an Inventory of Stores to the
24*" of June last and would have sent it had not
the Multiplicity of business prevented.
The same Reason must Unavoidably be given
for not sending the Aco'^ as Mentioned in my
last Lre
As no time here is lost Theese and all other
things Needfull shall be done with all Possible
Dispatch By Sir Your most Obedient Servant
T. Causton

212

Colonial Recoeds

Col. William Bull, Esq., to Lords of Trade.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Copy of Col°. Bull 's Lettee to Loeds of Teade
dated 26''^^ July 1738 The Oeiginalls re
ceived 26^^ OF Sept. This Copy delivebbd to
M^. Veenon by M^. Fuby. 6 Nov. 1738-
Copy of the Honbie Wilham Bull Esq'.
Presid'. &c^. his Letter To the Lords
Comm". for Trade &c^ dated 20th July
1738.

Clhocitaw
Indians.

Overtures
of friend
ship.

My Lords
I beg leave to lay before Your LordsMps a
short Account of an Affair, wMch I apprehend
to be of great Consequence and Advantage to
his Majesty's Services in these Frontier Parts
of his Dominions.
The Nation of Chactaw Indians who live on
the N. E. Side of the Mississippi River near the
Mouth consists of 46 Towns, in which according
to the best Information are contained above
1600 Men which far exceeds the Number of all
the other Tribes of Indians in Amity with tMs
Govemment. they have Mtherto been in the
Interest of the French, but have lately sent
several Messengers to this Government, to pro
pose and deserve a Friendship & Commerce
with the English.
The first Messengers arrived here about the
End of May last, and after they had deliver'd
their Message, which seem'd to Import so great
Advantages to Ms Majestys Subjects on tMs
part of America, notMng was omitted which

Cobeespondencb 213

Col. William Bull, Esq., to Lords of Trade.

might inspire them with Notions of his Majes
ty's Grandeur & Power, & the Plenty of goods m"sJengere
. - reported.
[sic] might they might expect among them,
while they continued in Friendship with the
EngHsh. In their Conferece they exprest great Satis
faction to find by their Reception & Entertain
ment that the English were so Different from
what they were represented to be by the French,
wMch they said their Nation would now be sen
sible of by the Presents that were given them,
with wMch they went away well satisfied.

Soon after their Departure Arrived other

Messengers on the same Errand, but from a low^ll by
Different Part of the Nation. These were treat
ed in the same manner as the former. In their
Conference they took Notice that several of
their Head men were still in the Interest of the
French, who oppose their having any Commerce
with the English, & therefore it was necessary
when they got home for some of these to come
and visit this Govemment also, that they might
likewise be convinced, how much it wo*, be for
the Benefit of their Nation to be at Peace & have
a Trade with the English.
And here I beg leave further to observe to
Your LordsMps that if a Peace & Commerce can treaty^ wHif
. the Choctaw
be Effected & maintained ¦with the whole Chac- ^^^^^s-
taw Nation. How great an Addition of Strength
his Majesty's Subjects will have to withstand
their Enemys, as well as the enlarging & ex
tending of the Trade for Skins & ffurrs, wMch

214

Colonial Recoeds

Col. William Bull, Esq., to Lords of Trade.

Advantages to accrue
therefrom.

Blew
Montly Indians In
alliance
with Choctaws.

may in a little time require double the Quan
tity of British Goods such as Diffils, Strouds
Broadcloth, Guns, Powder, Bullets Soc"- to supply
that numerous People : And besides these Ad
vantages in Case of a War with the French they
can have no Assistance from the Chactaws
against the English on whom they must depend
for a supply of all Necessarys, & in all Probab
ility the Chactaws on the Southern Frontier will
be of much more Service to his Majesty than the
Senecas on the Northern. Because the French
at Canada have Tribes of Indians which may set
them nearly upon a Par with the English &
Senecas. But the French at Mobile & near the
Mississippi River have no other Indians, but
the Chactaws whom they could make use of
against the English and the Indians in Amity
with them. As for the Indians called the Blew
Montly who live to the Westward of the Missis-
sipi they are in Amity with the Chactaws and
will be influenced by them, & it is likely will fol
low their Example, But if not, they are so
remote that at present we can apprehend no
Danger from them. Your LordsMps will im
mediately observe that the Chactaws by their
Situation, if they are gain'd from the French
will be able to cut off all Communication be
tween Canada and Lousiana.
But as an Affair of such Importance will be
attended with considerable Expences, & other
Difficultys to be provided against, especially as
many of the Chactaws are yet inclined to the
French who will if possible prevent the Success

Cobeespondencb 215

Col. William Bull, Esq., toi Lords of Trade.

Suggests an

of tMs Undertaking which I have the Honour to
lay before your Lordships, I therefore beg your
Lordships will Please to signify your Opinion suggest
& Directions for our Conduct in this Affair, ^fe.
And whether upon an Application to his Majesty
a Bounty might be obtained for the Chactaws as
is allowed yearly to the Senecas, Your Lord
sMps will please to consider that besides such
an assistance from his Majesty this province
must be at Considerable Expences on every
Visit from the Leading Men of the Chactaws &
other Nations, which will be often necessary, &
therefore not to be avoided, tho very burthen
some to the People of this Province, who have
suffered for several years past by the great
Droughts, & besides the Expences occasioned by
our Preparations to withstand the expected
Invasions of the Spaniards, which this Province
& the Colony of Georgia have been alarmed with
these two last years, & to which we shall always
be exposed, while the French can have any In
fluence over the Chactaws which may likewise
be extended to the Cherokees who are at peace
with the Chactaws.

desired.

I humbly hope your Lordship will consider
that tMs affair of Uniting so numerous a People fatety ^"^
as the Chactaws to the English Interest may be
a Principal means of securing the Peace &
Safety of all his Majestys Dominions in North
America, & of disappointing a Scheme which the
French for many Years have been endeavoring
to carry into Execution — Viz', to settle a Com
munication from Canada to the Mouth of the

216 Colonial RecoiIds

Col. William Bull, Esq., toi Lords of Trade.

Mississipi ; to destroy or subdue all the Indians
in Friendship with the English, & by that Means
with their Indians to carry an easy War into all
the Settlements of the English along the Sea
Coast. The Dependance the French had of sucuring
the Interest of the Chactaws made the Execu
tion of this Design appear feasible, & they had
already made a great Progress; But if this
Govemment should be so fortunate as to give
Matters a different Turn, & effectually secure
the Chactaws. I flatter myself your Lordship
will be of Opinion that au Undertaking which
will produce so general a good to all North
America, ought not to be Carried on at the sole
Expence of a small Colony, exposed on the
Too great Frontiers, & thinnest of Inhabitants, tho' more
t?kiSg tor a burthen 'd with Taxes than any on the Continent.
small colony
f?ontitr. If this Majesty on y'. Lordship's Representa
tion sho*. be graciously pleased to take the
Matter under Consideration, & the Chactaw In
dians sho*. feel the Effects of His Royal Bounty,
we shall have no Reason to doubt but that all
our Hopes & Expectations wo*, be answered, &
that his Majesty's Subjects in Great Britain as
well as America wo* reap the Advantages that
must necessarily attend so useful an Undertak
ing I am &c". Will: Bull.

Cobeespondencb 217

Mr. Causton: to the Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Mb. Causton To the Honoble the Teustees
FOB establish^ Geoegia in Ameeica. 16
August 1738. Received 19 Maech 1738
Gentlemen By Advices just now reced, from M'. Horton
dated the 13'". instant I am inform'd that the
Spaniards are in possession of S'. Georges Is- Spaniards in
land; That he keeps one of the Boats lately of st
'¦ George s
sent thither to give me further advices and has is>a-nd.
desired a Supply of Powder and BuUetts, and
that I would engage a Party of Indians, which
he is apprehensive may be Serviceable on the
Main. I thought it necessary on this Occasion to
write the enclos'd Letter to the President of His
Maj''. Councill of South Carolina.
I shall endeavour to procure what Mr. Horton
desires, but as we have very little Powder or
BuUett in any of Your Honours Stores I very
much doubt if any Powder I can gett from Caro
lina will be good.
Be pleas'd to believe I shall not fail to trans
mitt to you further Advices when it shall some
to my knowledge And to use my best Endeav
ours for the Public Safety.
Allways desiring to be thought
Yo' Honours Most Dutifull Serv'.
T. Causton.
Savannah August 16'". 1738.

218 Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Will: Stephens to Me. Haeman Veeelst Ac
comptant, TO the hon^^^ the Teustees fob
Settling the Colony of Geobgia at theie
Office neae the Palace Yabd. West
ministee. Received 19, March 1738.

^ Capt : Co*
2D. C.

RedWax
Seal

Savannah 16 Aug. 1738.

S'.

Refers to a

On the 25 ult"". I sent a Packett joyntly with
another from M'. Causton, containing various
papers, Letters to the hon"'* Trustees, your self,
and many others, w'" intent that it might go by
a Ship w*" my Correspondent at Charles Town
had advised me was upon sailing : but by reason
of my waiting some days longer than I would
pack'rt'^ willingly have done till M'. Causton was ready,
the Packett (as I feared) came too late to
Charles Town, and the Ship was sailed; w*" I
was farther advised of; and y' there was another
would be going soon, by whom he would send
that Packett.
Whilst I was meditating to be timely enough
with another letter, that might possibly go by
the same Ship in company w'". my former; we
*illegible.

Cobeespondencb 219

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

are tMs instant informed by letters from Fred- Spaniards
erica, y' the Spanish have actually taken Post s?on°ont.
on S'. Georges Island ; which by the late agree- Siand%on-trsLrv to
ment betwixt M'. Oglethorpe and them, is to agreement
" ^ ' with Gen.
stand as a Barrier betwixt the 2 Provinces, till oeiethorpe.
the 2 Crowns had farther stipulated w' was to
be done, and be possessd by neither : whereupon
Mr. Oglethorpe then, in pursuance of that agree
ment, withdrew what Guard he had at y'. time
upon the said Island of S'. George : but in viola
tion of that agreement, they have now possessd
y^selves of it, built a kind of Barrack or Hutt
for the present to cover their men, and have
a Sloop lying near 'em as a Guard Ship, to
comand or annoy any, Vessells passing that way
w^" we are likewise informd they have begun to
put in practice, by firing on a Boat of ours,
wherein were some people under the direction
of Hugh Mackay Jun'. who lately commanded
at S'. Andrews, & who was now going in search *^^^ ^"'
after 2 or 3 of our people y' deserted, and are
supposed to be gone off to the Spaniards. M'.
Causton writes by this same conveyance to Cha
Town, a full ace' of all which he tMnks needfull
to be laid before the hon"'* Trustees ; w*" tho ' I
can add nothing to, I should expect to be thought
asleep, did I not also transmit such intelligence
as comes to hand, be it of more or less mom'.
Our people are no ways startled at this Enter-
prize, but seem to put on an Air of Contempt ; &
I really tMnk, in case we were put to the Tryal, pientie?*
-.-„T than am.
we should find good hearts plentier than ammu- ^^"es"°°
nition Stores : whereof they write for a Supply
at Frederica ; and M'. Causton writes for assis-

Good hearts

220 Colonial Recobds

Dearth of

Saml. Holmes! to Mr. Benj. Martin.

tance of that Mnd from the Governm' of Caro
lina, at the same time y' he advises them of tMs
Insult. Surely we shall know more shortly: at
present (not having heard one word from Eng-
n°ewi^ land since in May last, by letters dated in Feb)
all that we can learn of what they are doing in
Europe, is by the way of the Leeward Islands,
or from the Northern Plantations from both
which places we hear y' our Genii, with the Re
mainder of his Regiment, is on Ms Passage
hither. How welcome he'll be you'll easily
judge ; & how acceptable a little good news from
our Friends in your part of the World, would
be to us, I leave you to guess. Time will not
allow me to add more: this goes by a Chance
trading boat just setting off for Charles Town ;
and how long or short a while it may wait there
for a conveyance to England I know not.
I am S'.
You most humble Servant

Will: Stephens.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Sam^ Holmes to the Sec"^^ Me. Ben'^. Maetin
ATT The Hon^^ Teustees office in Duetey
Lane Westministee.
Endorsed :
If any Serv'^ Lye upon the Trust not provided
for by the Estimate and Sam'. Holmes will in
struct them in the Brick Maker's Business he
may have two Serv**

Cobeespondencb 221

Saml. Holmesi to Mr. Benj. Martin.

S'. Having Had the Happynes formaley to Have
sume Talk with you In yor office near pallis
yard and The Last time one the Eleventh of
Avril 1733 as you will find by your Book then
In uce for Entring persons for the Colony of
Georgey myself and two Servants: Richard
Dusley & Tho Caword but when I came to
Charlestown they wair Corupted by Sume Evell
persons & a Cordingley Run me to Great Char
ges In the Law & one of them Sune died & the
other was taken from me by a famoss Lawer In
Charlestown for scandolos acktions so that I
was disabled from proseding to Georgey but
now I am their and have bin their near twelve Georgiamade brick
months & have Cared one the bricklairs & brick aigfand-s^^
maMng manufactrey & have brought It to that
perfection That I due make as Good Stock
bricks as Is or Can be made In England and
have made all Redey more then one Hundred
Thousand but having noo Sarvants I am forsed
to Hier Help att a verrey dear Rate but If the
Honbl Trustes would be pleas to furnish me one
Credet with as maney Sarvants as In their wis
dom they shall be pleased I shall Carrey one that
Manuafactrey with Curridg and faithfuMes to
the Credet of the Coloney if they Sarvants I
menshon wair young men I would [t] Rain them
the bricklairs trad Likewise S'. when I came
first use to Savaney one John wesst a Smith by
Trade who Had mad Sume bricks one His Lott
but werrey bad as was all In the Coloney. West
[sic] and Entred Into an artichel for teen years

222 Colonial Recoeds

Saml. Holmes to Mr. Benj. Martin.

to Carry one the Brickmanufactrey In Joynt to
Gether but now he useth me 111 In Refusing me
to Have aney proffit or being payed for my
Labor or paines under pretence that your
Honors wiU not a Low any Lece to be Let In
justice'°to ^^^^ nator I have bin at Large Expence Labor
hfm^^«^ and paines and am used by west verrey navishly.
S'. I hope the Honbl Trustees will be pleased to
Give such orders to the magistrats that Justis
maye be done: I have a Great maney good
friends boath nobellmen & Gentehnen to whome
I have not Rout by Reason I would not Give the
trustes any Trubell. I have Rote one Letter to
one M'. James Brown the Cittey Bricklair who
Liveth In Cracked Lane who I hope will wait
one the Trustes If oeason to Give a Caractor of
me If desired Sr. I work verrey Hard and have
dune a Great deall of BricMairs work for the
Trustes: M'. Caustin I verry sivell to me be
cause he Sees me Inclinabell to work and such
He is wiling to Incurig : If you or the Trustes
pleas to Inquier of M'. Whitfield he will not
speak amiss of me S'. I hope you will be pleas
ed to Laye this before the Trust To whome I
Give my humbell Dutey with my Sarviss to M'.
Verelce and your Self.
& Subscribe my Self
S'. Your verrey
Humbell Sarvant

Sam'. Holmes.

Savana 22'" August
1738.

Cobeespondencb 223

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(FlTom B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
W". Stephens Esq. to Me. Haeman Veeelst
ACOMPTANT to THE HONOEABLE THE TeUSTBES
FOE ESTABLISHING THE CoLONY OF GbOEGIA AT
Wbstminstee. Recd. 13 Dec. 1738
RedWax Seal^ Savannah 26 Aug. 1738.
S'. Since mine of the 25 of July to you, wherein
were enclosed divers letters and Papers, as
specifiyd in that letter; I wrote you again of
the 16'". inst a fuU Ace', of such advice as we
had just rec* from the South, relating to the
Spaniards; & being a matter of importance (as
was apprehended at the time) I desired it might st. George's
Island Fals6
be laid before the Trustees ; tho ' had it proved ^^""•
such, probably our EInemys might have done
what they intended, long enough before more
help came from our Friends, maugre all the
Opposition y'. could be given 'em. M'. Causton
wrote at the same time to the like purpose: &
indeed twas universally believed in these Parts,
y' we were at last to expect such a Visit from
the Spaniards, as had been given out often.
But behold, once more, that Story like some
others ended in nothing ; & the Truth very soon
came out ; even before our letters had been gone
24 hours; as you'll observe by my .Jonraal of
the 19'". and other Acc'^ w'=" you'll receive of that

224

Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

tremendous Affair. At this very time we hear
^hOTsioif' from Charles Town y'. a Squadron of Spanish
men of War of 50 or 60 Guns from Old Spain,
are newly arrived at the Havannah, & y' it por
tends a Design upon these Provinces : but why
so? have not we got as good a Squadron as they
in the West Indies'? and in case of a Rupture
expected, tis but reasonable to suppose they'll
be on their Guard at least. No doubt but these
things will come to some Ecclaircisment [sic]
soon: for when there has been such a long
smothering of Fire it cannot well be expected
not to break out at last. What, in the name of
Wonder, is become of our General? & those
Forces, with Mm? We hear both from the
What has North and South, that such Aid is coming from
become of
aSd W3°*™' tte East ; & the last Ace', of 'em comes by a
forces? Brig, w*" spoke with 'em (as tis said at Charles
Town) at the Maderas : so we prick up our Ears,
& look out big with expectation every day, what
we may hear more or see before Night. Would
to God they would come, & bring us a little good
News from our Friends in England; & the
Spaniards shall give me very little trouble:
surely I shall then meet with some token or
other of the hon"'* Trastees Sentiments concern
ing their Secretary, who has never yet been so
happy : I will not doubt it, after that very kind
expression they were pleased to make use of
when I last waited on them ; that they expected
I would write my mind freely, & believe I wrote
to my Friends. I have sometimes thought y'
'twould appear both by my Journal & letters, I
was not mincing matters; w*". is an evident

Cobeespondencb 225

Wm. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

mark of my relying on their Candour. — But oniy one
of these tMngs I shall be better able to say more, requir^^'^
when I know more : wherefore I forbear troubl- attention.
ing you w'". many words now; but beg leave to
bespeak the liberty of writing more particularly
another day to you, whom I have an entire con
fidence in: only one little Affair requires to be
said something of ; w'^" is yt. by a letter my Son
rec*. from M'. Wragg lately, he made a demand
of £ 50 Currency of him, being so much he had
supplyd him with, on his coming ashore at
Charles Town, in that manner he did, last Win
ter : w*" M'. Wragg desires may be paid him in
Sola Bills: for that he cannot make charge of
it to the Trustees. My Son tells me y' in the
Distress he then was, he wrote you of it, but did
not presume to draw a Bill (wherein he was
right) not doubting but you would have been
pleased to take proper Notice of it: but such
small tilings are easily forgot ; & therefore now
I ask leave to remind you of it, promising my
self y' twas not meant my Son or I should meet
with such a welcome at first coming to Cha
Town: but from what M'. Causton tells me, he
apprehends M'. Wragg might very properly
have made charge of it in his account. Herein
you'll be so good to advise me.
What can I say about my good Friend
Collonel Horsey, not knowing where to find couonei
him? Pray let all whom you see, y' have any SfsslSig.
Share in his Family, know, that the Respect
and Value I have for Him and His, can never
be extinguished. Possibly he may be now on
the Sea., in his way to his Govemment : Provi-

226 Colonial Recobds

Wm. Stephens to Trustees.

dence has not been unkind to Mm, in keeping
and^destnic- t^ii^ SO ^ong back; for the small Pox has made
Charles such Destruction at Charles Town this Summer
Town. that the place is almost abandond arid desolate ;
and the Assembly lately met for the dispatch of
necessary Business, at Port Royall. I am told
they have at times buryed 70 White people at
Cha Town in a week. I believe the Season was
never known hotter than of late here, after a
healthy Summer; so y' Agues & Feavers begin
to abound among us : but I hope the return ol
moderate weather will bring health again to
both Provinces: and then how happy should I
be to hear Collonel Horsey himself tell me he
left M'. Verelst and all Friends well? I remain

S'

Your very humble Servant
Will: Stephens.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
W^ Stephens Esq. to the Teustees. Recd.
13 Dec. 1738
Savannah 26 Aug. 1738.
Honourable Gentlemen
My last was of the 25 July ; which I herewith
send Duplicate of; and continuation of my
Journal, as usual, to this day: to fulfill the
promise as well as I can, wMch I made, of trans
mitting a particular ace' of the several Planta-

Cobeespondencb 227

Wm. Stephens to Trustees.

tions within the District of this Town; I have
now also Enclosed a short list of the Number ac^es plant
ed not sat-
of Acres planted & by whom: w'hich without isfactory.
doubt you'll think a short List indeed: to me it
is surprizingly so : but be it what it is, I came
not here to put false Colours upon any thing,
nor to represent matters otherwise than I find
em and the sure way to icome at Truth, I saw
was not to give too hasty Credit to more than
one sees, in such tMngs : which I have carefully
observed; & taken some pains to discover how
easily I might otherwise be imposed on : for too
many are ready and willing to set an equal
value on their performances; with those who
have taken much greater pains. The Distrac
tion I found among all, when I first came here ;
and such a grown Indifference with it, of med-
ling with cultivating Land, among too many;
gave me sad apprehensions of the consequence;
till towards Spring, after that Frenzy was
abated, and finding I went on to clear land with
what Strength I had, they began more readily
to listen to my perswasions : when on a suddain new^sVft
a new Spirit seenid to spring up; & with great ^p"| *'^®
pleasure I observed a pretty many set heartily
to work whom I had little hopes of any good
from. This was so apparent, y' it soon grew to
be the common opinion of such as I thought
good Judges, we should see great things done :
and from thence it was, yt I remember I was
grown very sanguine in what I wrote you
thereon : but now its too plain, that before they
took up that good Disposition, Winter was near
over (the proper time for falling Trees) and

228

Colonial Recoeds

Wm. Stephens to Trustees.

Commendssome who
have accom
plished
little.

time lost was not to be recover 'd. Thus far I
thought necessary to say, partly in my own
excuse, for being at one time more credulous
than I thought twould become me to be now,
when we are come to Facts. You will doubtless
observe y' in this List it does not appear above
a 4'". part in number of the Freeholders Lots
have any Plantations on them; iiand 'tis as
easily seen likewise who began in good time;
tho ' tis but Justice due to some of the Occupiers
to say, that where a poor man has wrought by
'himself, or perhaps w'". Ms Wife or little Boy
to help him only ; in such cases a few acres well
planted, I humbly conceive deserve equal com
mendation with those who have exceeded in
Strength. That your Honours may have a
through Insight to the bottom of all Preten
sions of this sort among us ; I shall in my next
extract another List of such as have at sundry
times cleard several acres of land, some of
which has never yet been planted, some planted,
and for want of Success thrown up and neglec
ted; & some who may yet be deemd usefull men
in the Colony divers ways, notwithstanding they
are hitherto no Planters; to which I shall also
add a few, who have made signal Improvements,
by Building, BrickmaMng, or other laborious
manufacture : & then leave the rest, whom little
can be said for, to be ranked among the vacant
Lots; and better were it if theirs were such.
Could a reasonable computation be formed, of
what might be expected from the Produce of
this List (short as it is) together with the
several distant Plantations, w* I have sent in

Cobeespondencb 229

Wm. Stephens to Trustees.

my former; even from thence might be drawn
an agreeable conclusion but what I troubled you
with in my last concerning the disappointments
we were fallen under, as well from tLe long
Drought as from our seed proving otherwise
than we hoped; makes it needless to say more
of it here: I wish I might have said less.
To pass from the Plantations to your Public
Garden, will give as little satisfaction; where Gard"^"''"°
I fear a Relapse near to the State I found it in
at my first coming; which with some care and
Pains was then alterd much, & gave hopes of
seeing better things as the Spring came on ; but
of late I tMnk tis grievously neglected. I pre
sume M'. Anderson wanted no Instructions in
what he was to undertake; & as I observ'd he
was pretty active for a Season, in directing
what he thought needfull ; I am far from think
ing his descontinuance of it would have been
voluntary : but (poor Man') he & all his Family
have been very long (some Months) in a very
weak & sick condition which yet so far con
tinues, as to call for the Prayers of the Church : waiter, the
'' prmclpal
but the Principal Gardener under him, one i^^^i^r^
Fitzwalter, a Freeholder of this Town, deserves
certainly the Character of an Idle Fellow; and
as he could never stick long to any thing com
mendable, he perseveres in the same loose way
of Life; w*" I apprehend he'll not easily break
from now; having married the Widow of one
Wright, who had a License for keeping a Pub
lick House, where he naturally takes most de
light- But I ought to beg pardon for offering
such an insipid Tale, when I should remember

230

Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Thomas Causton to Trustees.

that Collonel Oglethorpe (as we hope) is near
us, who wants neither Will nor Power, to
rectify worse abuses than tMs: though the
fewer he finds the better.
I have the satisfaction of committing the care
of this to M'. Whitfield; whom indeed I should
be sorry, as well as many others, to part with;
were it not, y' we hope to see him in these Parts
again confirmed to make his abode, where he is
so much beloved, and so capable of doing much
Good.

The de
parture of
Mr. Whit
field.

Honorable Gentlemen
Your most Obedient humble Servant
To the honourable Will : Stephens.
the Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. Thomas Causton to the Honoble the
Teustees foe Establishing Geoegia in Amee
ica 26 Aug 1738. Recd. 13 Dec. 1738.

Indians im
the Creek
Nation.

Savannah, Aug. 26'" 1738

Gentlemen

The Account mention'd in my Letter dated
the 25'" day of July concerning the Uneasiness
of the Indians in the Creek Nation has a better
Appearance; Thomas Wigan the Trader having
inform'd me that those Indians continue very
well disposd towards the English notwithstand
ing they are closely courted both by French and
Spaniards. —

Cobeespondencb 231

Mr. Thomas Causton to Trustees.

I believe, I may venture to say, that there is
more dependance on his accounts, than what is traders^ de
serve pun-
related by others; and I can find by him that ishment.
the Traders from' Carolina, and those who claim
their Protection have done a great deal of
Mischief, which probably may deserve
Punishm'. Captain Roger Lacey dyed here the 3*. in- ^ ^
stant; being retum'd from Augusta two days £|^y ''^°^^^
before; He had been a long time ill, and Sub
ject to frequent fainting fitts suppos'd to be
Nervous, occasion 'd by drinking too liberally.
M'. Lacey was uncapable of giving any Ac
count of affairs at Augusta but Lieuten'. Kent lecaSsl^of
advises, that Crops there, will not answer Ex- IroughS
pectation by reason of the excessive Droughts ;
¦and believes they shall raise 100 bushels of
Com. That the People are now in good health
and desires that the Garrison Boat may return
loaded with Provisions and Amunition.
M'. Lacey being dead (at the request of the
Widow) I dispatched a Messenger to the Lieu
tenant to take care of His Effects.
At a geneiall Court held the 7'". July Joseph
Hetherington, Phillip Bishop and ffrancis Elgar ^^aJts°''in-
Servants, to M'. Lacey were indicted for killing ^tjfjf^^s ^°^
& destroying sundry Cattle and feloniously '=^"'^-
stealing the flesh thereof.
The (now) widow Lacey was also indicted for Mrs. Lacey
receiving part of said flesh knowing it to be fnd°cted.
Stolen.

232

Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Thomas Causton to Trustees.

Mrs. Lacey
admitted
to ball.

Hetherington Bishop and Elgar upon full
proof were found Guilty on some of the Indict
ments, and having requested that the rest might
not be proceeded on till they should write to
the Trastees and receive their answer. The
Court ordered proceed^^ to be Stayed.
M'^ Lacey desired That the Prosecution ag'
her might be delay'd; And the Court consider
ing the absence of 'her Husband, and the ill
State of Ms health, granted her request, and
admitted her to Bail.
Believ^ it to be necessary Your Honours
should be particularly acquainted with the pro
ceedings of the Court, I have (once more) as
sisted in draw^. up those proceedings tho ' I beg
leave to say, that the Variety of business so
much takes up my thoughts and time that I
would willingly avoid acting in that manner;
Hethering- bcleiviug it more properly belongs to the Re-
and Thomas cordcr, neither should I have mencond this much
Wright, the '
traders UOW: had uot Said Hetherington and Bishop
of^gLi""* lately broke Gaol thro the top of the Pavy [sic]
and with them Thomas Wright the Indian
Trader who I lately mentioned to be in Custody.
The Majestrates issued a Warr'. for a Hue
& Cry to be published and a Reward of 10£
Sterling for retaking each of them. And as the
Fugitives would (very probably) raise Reflec
tions on the Colony as a pretence for their
leaving it: I desired M'. Alexander Rantoul to
publish in the Carolina Gazette the fact relating
to them .

Warrant and reward
issued.

Cobeespondencb 233

Mr. Thomas Causton to Trustees.

It is generally believ'd that this Prosecution ^^^ La e •
affected M'. Lacey 's Health, But my enclos'd ^i^^ ^^•
to Mm on that Melancholy occasion will shew
the care I took to prevent (as much as possible)
the ill Impression it might miake.

prosecution.

It is too Notorious that the Convicts were
very bold in their practice of killing Cattle and
that M'^. Lacey is also Guilty of the Charge and
other ill Conduct.
The killing of Cattle (as appears) by this,
and other Prosecutions now depending is most
Elvidently brought into Practice; the Majes
trates have therefore resolv'd to apply to your
Honours for Remedys Suitable to the Circum
stances of the People.
I shall not fail to advise and Comfort the
Widow in her Affliction now truly felt, and (if
possible) guard her from Evil Councillours.
On the 16'". Instant I thought it necessary to
dispatch the Enclos'd to your Honours, and I
now Enclose an Extract of M'. Horton 's Letter
to me as a Reason for those Dispatches as also
those then sent to the President of His Majestys
Councill of South Carolina.
On the 19'". instant I reced from Capt. Gas
coigne (who that day arriv*. at Tybee intendg
to wait the Arrivall of Generall Oglethorpe)
the enclos'd Coppy of Ensign Hugh Mackay 's
Letter to Captain Hugh Mackay containing an
Aocount of the Spaniards behaviour; which
Letter was the Sole Occasion for what M'. Hor
ton had advis 'd. And as it appears thereby,

234 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Wm. Horton to Trustees.

that M'. Horton was much mistaken, I thought
it my Duty to transmitt a Coppy.
Mr. Horton himself arriv'd here the 24'".
tolfspan?^* instant and assures me, that the Report of the
in'^ presses- Spaniards being in Possion of S'. Georges Is-
st George's land is wholly groundless. That the firing on
M'. Mackay by the Spamards was from the
Main near their Lookout, and that there is no
Appearance of breach of Treaties or Uncivill
behaviour from them.
I enclose also a Coppy of my Letter now sent
to the President of His Majesties Counsill at
South Carolina hoping my EIndeavours will
shew that I am' Yo'. Honours
Most Dutifull Serv'.
T. Causton.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. W^. Hoeton to the Teustees. Rec°. 13
Dec. 1738
Savannah 26'". August 1738.
Hon'ble Gentlemen
As I now daily expect the Arrival of General
Oglethorpe into this Colony and then to deliver
up the Charge which he was pleased to leave
w'". me relating to the Southward part of it I
tMnk it my Duty to acquaint your Honours of
the Scituation I left it in four days past. The

Cobeespondencb 235

Mr. Wm. Horton to Trustees.

doing well.

People of Frederica have and I thank God still
do enjoy an uncomon share of health and I have Fre§eri(^
taken some pains to keep a good harmony
amongst them and therein have succeeded to
my Wishes for no set of People in their Circum
stances live in a more peaceable manner than
they have done for many Months past, they have
cultivated as much land as they can take care
of themselves but for want of Serv'^ have not
been able to clear so much as their neighbours
at Darien

Corn crops
bad. The

The Crops of Com at both places are very
bad the seed was far from being good and the
Season proving very dry it is generally parched
up. The Gardens at Frederica are very flourish- olrden^'
ing and are great helps to the People. Your °""^ '"^'
Honours Storekeeper there has Acted w'". great
Integrity and his Accounts wMch are now going
to be setled w'". M'. Causton in ord'. to be
transmitted to M'. Varelst will make it appear.
In June last a Spanish Launce w'". an Officer
& 15 Men arrived at my House at Jekyl with a
¦' •' Molattoes
Letter for me from the Governour of S'. Angus- gj.'lg^''^"-

tine acquainting me that a party of Molattoes &
Spaniards had deserted w'" a large Canoe &
desiring me to Assist the Officer in taking them
desiring also the continuance of a good Corres
pondence. The Officer went thence by Sea to Carolina
in persuit of the Men & in his return attempted
to come within Lan'd by Frederica but as they
never have seen that Fort I sent the Scout Boat
w'". Orders to carry them back & not suffer them

iards desert

236

Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Wm. Horton to Trustees.

Ensign
Hugh Mac
kay fired
upon by a
Spanishsloop.

to pass witMn Sigiht of the Town w°". was ac
cordingly done and the Officer brought again to
Jekyl, when Colin Cochran sent the Governour
Advice of his arrival w'". the Regiment.
I am informed that Advice has been sent to
Your Hon'^ that the Spaniards 'had taken
possession of S'. Georges Island Such a report
came to Frederica but that Island still remains
neutral as agreed upon between the General &
the late Governor of St. Augustine. Ensign
Hugh Mackay who was sent in pursuit of three
Deserters from Amelia had some Shot fired at
him by a Spanish Sloop in S'. Juans River after
the Spaniards had sent out a Boat w'". a Flag of
Truce w*". he wo*, not speak to.
If I can in any shape be serviceable in this
Colony I shall ever think it my duty to be so &
shall esteem it the greatest Hoi<our to receive
your Comands and will to the utmost of my
Abilities execute them I am —
Hon'"' Gentlemen
Your very dutiful and
most Obed'. Serv'.
W". Horton.
To the Hon'ble the Trustees of Georgia.

Cobeespondencb 237

p. Grant to Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.")
P. Geant to the Teustees, 28 Aug. 1738. Recd.
13 Dec. 1738. with Constable & Tything
men 's & Edw. Jenkins Ceetificates.
May it please your Honours ¦
As your Honours Concern for the wellfare
and Interest of this Colony, and to Secure the
liberty as well as to promote the happiness of
every inhabitant thereof. Appears to the whole
world, by the Noble and Generous resolutions
your Honours have taken from time to time, in
order to accomplish your Great and Glorious
undertaMngs and as an Entire and thorough
Conviction of this Undemable trath first in
duced me to apply for lands to y* Honourable
James Oglethorpe Esq; and although I have not
the happiness of being so much as known to
any of your Honours besides Mm. I have taken
upon me to represent to and lay before your
honours with all humility and due respect Some
matters which I cannot but Apprehend to be
very Great Grievances, and first I humblv beo- Personal
, ill,. uLuxiuij' ueg grievances.
leave to lay before your Honours those follow
ing things which only relate to myself, which I
shall Endeavor to do with y* utmost impartiality
and Candour I am Capable of. viz.
That upon the 25'". day of May last, being a ^^
Grand juror duly Sworn to Enquire into the £jpS*-
Death of one Priest, Supposed to have been b°een^Mied
Mild by John Brown of Highgate having met sro^'
M'. Parker Bailiff in the public Street, he bid
me adjoum the Court, and upon my Answering

238

Colonial Recoeds

p. Grant to Trustees.

Mr. Grant
insulted.

Mr. Grant
thrust into
prison.

Bail
refused.

that it was not my Duty, he Called me Severall
ill names and threatnd me, to which I made no
Reply but finding M'. Parker in a very unfit
Condition to be reason 'd with, I Civilly left him
and directly went to aocquaint M'. -JenHns,
whose duty it was with whom I retumed to
wittness the Adjournment of Said Court, But
Before we got to the Court house M'. Parker
informed us that y* Court was adjourne* by
Robert Hows, tytMng Man, and after insulting
me in the presence of M'. Jenkins, M'. Ormston
and Severall others with very Opprobious and
Scurrilous language without the least provoking
Answ'. upon my part, he Assaulted with a Cane
which he got out of the hands of M'. Christie
Recorder, who run in upon Seized and Struck
me at the Same time, during all this time 1
only Acted defensively, and never Struck a
Blow. That about the hours of Eight and Nine of
the Clock Said Night, there was a Mittimus
Awarded by M'. Christie Recorder to Commit
me to publick Gaol, which mittimus was Exe
cuted by James Caswal and Elisha Foster be
tween the hours of Nine and ten of the Clock
Said Night, when I was going home to my
lodging after a peaceable manner That I was
thus Hurried Away to prison, without havg. the
priviledge of being heard or Examined, and
without any former process.
That Bail was refused for me, when tendered
by four Sufficient freeholders, viz Messieurs

Cobeespondencb 239

p. Grant to Trustees.

Stirling, Douglas, Baillie, and Thomas Andrews
Indian Trader to y* Amount of £300 Stg.
That having petitiond to be moved from the
Common Goal, wMch had been presented as a ^n^^'^to
Nusance by reason of an Open Vault of Nasti- darkness.
ness in it ; I was moved to another prison, where
all the lights were Nailed up by the Express
order of M'. Causton and where I was Confined
for the space of fourteen days without the bene
fit of the light of the Sun Moon or Starrs.

That, when by reason of this Confinement, and
for want of due Circulation of the Air, I fell ?reitSent
Sick in prison, my Phisician was Debarrd access Grant"
to me for several Days.
That, y priviledge of being in the Custody
of an officer at his own house was refused me,
tho M'. Brown duly Committed for Murther,
was indulged in it.
That notwithstanding y'. Several Most hum
ble petitions to be Examined, heard, & tryed
were rejected, I am informed private Affidavits
were taken against me by persons of Infamous
Characters. That tho never Examined as Above I was
Obliged to Sign a Recogmzance for Contempt
of the Court, when I lay sick of a fever in prison,
in order to purchase my liberty and to Save my
life, wMch was in imminent danger.
Whatever matters are Contained in the Above
propositions I undertake to prove, under the
pain of Death.

240 Colonial Recobds

p. Grant to Trustees.

It is true those in the administration have
told me that my refusing to Adjourn the Court,
in the publick Street (tho there were neither
then judges or jury or So much as a Soul in the
Court house) is all the Same as if I had refused
in the face of the Court in the Court house.
I must Confess that your Honours may very
refiwed^to naturally Ask why I Came to refuse to adjourn
adjourn th« "^
court. the Court, Even when desired in the publick
Street, where I met M'. Parker.
To tMs with all imaginable Submission I beg
leave to Offer y* Reasons following viz'.
1^'. There being an order of Court, that the
respective Wards which were upon Guard, when
the Court for this town Ship was holden,
Shoud only be Obliged to Attend and to do all
the business of Said Court, and that none Others
should be Obliged to Attend, therefore as the
Ward to which I belong 'd was not upon Duty, I
humbly Conceive I was not Obliged to attend.
TMs will appear by the inclosed Certificate
Signed by the Constable and Officers of the
Ward, which I 'have presumed to Send.
24iy_ There is an Order of Court, that no
Grandjuror Shoud [sic] during the time he
Acted as Such. Shoud be Obliged to attend, and
therefore, as I was then a G>andjuror duly
Sworn, I apprehend with all humility, that I
was not Obliged to attend.
Another reason which I presume to offer to
Your Honours Consideration is the bad usage
I reced from M'. Parker, who was then intoxi-

Cobeespondencb 241

p. Grant to Trustees.

cated with Liquor he having Sett all Said day ^r. parker
drinking in Company with one M'. Dixon, a Mxoe, a
clergyman,
person of a Most infamous Character And a ^^inkarls
Notorious Drunkard tho a Clergiman.
Your Honours may likewise be Surprized that
I have not Sufficient Vouchers to prove the
Above facts to which with the utmost Submis
sion I beg leave to reply.
That tMs is Entirely out of my power, Since
all my petitions to be Examined, tried or have
the affidavits of honest and upright Men taken.
Have been utterly rejected, tho I am informed,
the affidavits of persons of infamous Charac
ters were taken against me, when I was Closely
Confind. As I take it for Granted, that your Honours
have been informed of the General Uneasiness, General un-
' easiness
and dissatisfaction which Subsists among the the^tem^p^er
people, Occasiond by the Oppressive Conduct; causton.
and unplacable temper of Mr. Tho^ Causton,
first Bailiff, Storekeeper, and CasMer to your
Honours, who by those latter offices in Con
junction with the former, has a Dangerous
Power of alluring the minds the minds [sic] of
the weak by putting them under Strong tempta
tions to Mass their judgments in order to
Gratify Ms passion and private resentments,
and (upon the Slightest Affront, perhaps the
tattle of Some Old Doman) of punishing the
Most industrious, by Denying those necessary
Assistances to Carry on their Work, Contrary
to the Gracious Intentions of Your Honours.
I Say, as I humbly Conceive that your honours

242

Colonial Recobds

p. Grant to Trustees.

Mr. Caus-
ton's man
ner of
revenge.

Clandestine
affidavits.

have been already informed of Severall
Grievances of a publick Nature I Shall not take
up your Honours time with regard to those
things; Only I humbly bey leave to Accquaint
your Honours of a very Dangerous Custom
which I am informed, has lately Obtained here.
viz' when M'. Causton has any private quarrel
with any person, and an order to revenge the
Slightest affront, & private affidavits are taken
against that Unfortunate tho perhaps innocent
person, which are Sent home to Eingland, by
wMch Means the Character and reputation of
that person is Sullied in the Opinion, of your
Honours, without the least knowledge of the
person Concerned.
Whether tMs be true or false, I Cannot pre
tend to determine, because I am not in the
Secrets here, nor have the honour of being in
the admimstration, but I have presumed to
mention it ; because Severall well meaning men
are of that opimon in this place who think it
Almost impossible y'. your Honours Can be
rightly informed, by reason of these Clandes
tine Affidavits — whether there has been any
such taken Against my Self I am not absolutely
Certain ; but if Such there are, and if they Con
tain any tMng Contrary to y" facts Above men
tioned, I am absolutely Certain they are false
& Calumnious. And
I hope y'. Your Honours will be pleased
readily to admit, that if any thing Coud have
been made Appear Against me, it is Probable,
My accusers woud at least have Examined me,

Cobeespondencb 243

p. Grant to Trustees.

they woud at least 'have indulged me in a hear
ing upon my Most Humble Application.
In short and to Conclude I hope to make it
fully appear to your Honours, that the Hard due^to^pri^^
Cruel usage which I have recd. was Entirely sentment.
owing to, and were the Effects of private resent
ment, and Because I would by no Means own
myself Guilty (when I was not) contrary to my
Conscience and any legal proof or Conviction.
And at that time to prevent me from Swearing
the peace or using any legal,Means in my power
in order to Secure my Safety in time to Come
fm Any Bodily harm. I had reason to Appre
hend from those Gentlemen who assaulted me,
as Above Mentiond.
I most readily Confess, if I had been guilty
of Contempt of the Court that all the punish
ment wMch has been infiicted woud have been
No wise Adequate to a Crime of So Haious a
Nature, but to tMs I must plead Not Gmlty in
Every Circumstance.
Therefore I most humbly beg that your
Honours will Graciously be pleased to take the
Above into your Serious Consideration, and to
Give Orders that a fair and Legal Enquiry
may be made into those Matters, and facts fore-
mentioned which as it will tend to promote the
public Good here. So it will be a very Great Act
of Charity and Benevolence Exercised by your

244 Colonial Recoeds
John West to Trustees.
honours towards me who am with all Due Re
gard and Resi)ect
May it please your Honour
Your Honours / Most Humble
Most Devoted & Most Obedient
Servant
Savannah in P. Grant.
Georgia August
the 28'". 1738.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
John West to the Hon^°^^ the Teustees fob
astableshing Y^. Colloney of Geoegia.
Agust 28, 1738.
My Lords & Gentlemen
I hope your Hon'=. will pardon me trobeling
you with tMs I have beene this too years at a
Gratt Expence brenging a Brickworck to par-
fecksion which is now in such a waye that I
Could if thare was a Call for them mack Everry
yeare twelf hundred thouson of good stock
Bricks & noo ways in fearior to English & for
half y* price as pleas bricks was made hear for
before I Canne Delever them to aney partt of
twenty^ the towuc of Savaua for twenty five shellens
shillings per .^ , , ,, , -t' «. •
thousand. pr^ Thousou I hopc shall have your Hon'°. m-
corregment as I beeing y* fust that Venterd att
itt on thayor owne aCount I have this yeare
made Upards of two hundred thouson notwith-

Brick dellv-

COEEESPONDENCE 245

Edward Bush to Trustees.

standing all my preparasions with which sev-
erll Large stacks of Chemleys is allready beltt.
I have beene soo Vearey intent on this worok
that I have neglecked all most Every theng
Eles to parfeck itt.
I hope your Hon°'° will pleas to feaver me
with a Line of your opinion of itt & I bagg your
pashance with me for what I ham indeated to
you & I will paye you all if god pleas to speare
my Life in a small time thare shall be noothing
wanting in me to Doo itt I have Large inprovef-
ments in y* CoUoney both in belding & Cleare-
ing of Land —
I have had a Vearey bad state of health sence
my Last Coming to Georgia tell now — ^wee are
preatey healthey now in Genorell & wants for
notMng more then y* sight of Gen'^" Ogell-
thrope. I ham my Lords & Gentellmen
your Dutyfull & Vearey Um"". Sarvnt
Savana John West.
Georgia August 28. 1738.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Edwaed Bush to the R'^. Hon^^^- the Teus
tees FOB Geobgia. London. Recd.
13 Dec. 1738.
Savanna 30'". Aug'. 1738.
May it please you Hon'':
M'. West has told me that he purposes to

246

Colonial Recobds

Jno. Vanderplank to Benj. Martin.

leave of the Black smiths business w°". he fol
lowed in this place. I have been here a bove
four years and an half and have worked for
your Hon'^ : all that time such work as he could
not do, if your Hon'^: will be so good
as to send me over some Iron, coals, and two
serv'^ : I will undertake the work, and endeavour

Blacksmith for the
Colony.

to satisfy every one in what I undertake. I am
•with the Greatest respect your hon'^. Most
Dutifull & obed'. Humble serv'.
Edward Bush.

. (From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Jn°. Vandbeplank. to Benj^: Maetin Esq.
Seceetaby to the Hono^. Teustees fob Geoe
gia In London. Feee. Tho: Lee Dummee.

Request
for a grant
of land in
the Colony.

Sir, Being severall times In conversation w*". som
of the gentlemen that went from this place w'".
Gena": Og'lethorpe for Georgia, And by their
Becomendation made me have som Inclination
to goe and Reside In that Collony. But before
I wou'd make provission for Such an under
taking must beg the fav'. you'l bo Soe good as
fully to Inform me the Nature of the place and
the Right and Best Method, how I may proceed
to Be most for my advantage, In Case I goes
thither, I can procure ten or twenty persons or
Servants to Accompany me to Said Collony &
what I understood by the Gen', was, that, the
more hands I had und'. my Care the more Land

Cobeespondencb 247

Jno. Vanderplank to Benj. Martin.

I sho'd be Intitled to and I think thay Said If
I had ten Serv'^ I shou'd have five Hundred
Acres, and If Twenty Servants A thousand
Acres of Land, and soe in proportion w'". the
Incumbrance theron as wood, &c°: and free for
Ever onely, paying your Self for making the
Conveyance, w'^" shall Verry gladly doe, Soe
that the more Land I cou'd have the Better I
shoud Like. But I shou 'd Not Covett more then
I cou'd Manage and Stock, w"" I Belive may
Easily Stock & provide for a thousand Acres,
for w*" pray oblige me w'". the Particuler of
tMs affair, as Large & as Intilligable as you
Can, & If Encouraging purpose to waite on you
on the Subject, Verry Soon, as also please to
Advize wMther the chage of Goeing thither is
Bom by the Gentlemen Concern'd, or If I must
Be at the Expence of that my Self. Soe please
to Write as Large as you Can In this affair and
I shall Esteem it Verry Great Hono' Conferr 'd
on S'.
Y'. most Obed'. Hum'*. Sert.
Jn°. Vanderplank.
South - Hampton
Sep'. 2"*. 1738.
S'. I beg the fav'. you'l Excuse this, and the first
Opportumty as offers, it shall be Gratefully
Acknowledged, and If you have, or there is
Any plan of the place, Map or printed Account

248 Colonial Recoeds
Jas. Aberoromby to Harman Verelst.
please to forward it to me by our South Hamp
ton Coach w*". Inns at the Kings Arms Holbom-
bridge, and what expence may attend, shall be
paid when I have the Hon', to waite on you w*" :
hope will Be Verry Soon — Interim I pray
you'l pardon tMs freedom in S'. y'. obed'.
Servt.
J.V.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Ja. Abeeceomby to Habman Vebelst Esq. at
THE Geoegia Office Wbstminstee.
Sept 8, 1738.
Black Wax Seal
Sir I take tMs oportunety by the Beverd M'.
Whitfeild to acquaint the Trustees with my
being ariv'd here, and having transmitted to
M'. Stephens what I had in charge from: them,
by the inclosed Gazette, You will See the exact
time, Notice was given in this Province as to
publick credit in Georgia, and for tMs reason I
have thought proper to lodge the same with you.
M'. Whitfeild will inform the Trustees in person
as to the State of their Affairs, for which

Cobeespondencb 249

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

Reason I shall conclude at present, with remain
ing theirs and Your
Most Obed'. Servant
Ja Abercromby.
Charlestown Sept". 8th. 1738.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Geneeal Oglethoepe 's Lettee to the honoub-
ABLE THE TbUSTEES FOB ESTABLISHING THE
Colony of Geoegia in Ameeica at theie
Office in Old Palace Yaed. London. Re
ceived 24 Nov. 1738.

Black '
Wax Seal

Gentlemen We are now in Soundings off the Coast of
Georgia a good deal to the Northward of our
Port. Six Yelverton. Peyton in the Hector is
going to leave us for Virginia, and sends this
Letter. The Officers, the Men, and their
Families, are (God be praised) all well as is
Gentlemen Your most obedient
humble servant James Oglethorpe.
Blandford 13'". Sep'.
1738.

250 Colonial Recoeds

Rev. Mr. Urlsperger to Rev. Mr. Ziegenhagen.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Exteact of a Lettee of the Rev^. M^. Uels
pebgee TO THE ReV^. M^. ZiEGENHAGEE, SENT
to Me. Veenon. dat. Sept. ye 15. 1738.
The good Man from Ebenezer, whom you un-
sanftieben, doubtedly Very well remember, and whose Name
a good man
from Bben- jg Sauftlebeu, arrived here some time ago, and
ezer. ' ^ '
being fully resolved to retum shortly to Geor
gia, when he comes back from Memmingen,
Kempten, Lindau & S'. Gallen, where he is gone
partly for some private Affairs, and partly to
execute some Commissions he is charged with;
I look upon tMs as the most favourable Oppor
tunity of sending along with him some Trades
men, that are wanted at Ebenezer, particularly
The need of a Smith and a Shoemaker, as well as at least
smith & un-' half a dozcu of unmarried Women. As M'.
married women at Boltzius Mmself iu Ms Letters has inform'd
Ebenezer. you, how necessary the above said people are to
them in their present Circumstances. I need
say no more of it but am sure, you will join in
my Wishes & most respectfully petition the
Hon"'*, the Tmstees for Leave of sending the
above mentioned people on their Account.
Sanftieben intends, please God, to be in London
towards Christmas next, for which Reason You
will let me know the pleasure & Resolution of
the Trustees as soon as possibly you can.

Cobeespondencb 251

James Oglethorpe to Sir Joseph Jekyll.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
James Oglethoepe 's Lettee to the R'''. Hon^^^.
Sie Joseph Jekyll, dated 19 Sept. 1738.
Sir I am now got to an Anchor in a Harbour, and
near an Island that bears your name. God has
given us the greatest marks of his visible Pro
tection to tMs Colony. The Spamards though
they had 1500 Men at Augustine, & there was
nothiiig in Georgia but the Militia of the Coun
trey, delayed attacking them till the regular
Troops arrived. We have had the finest Pas
sage, and lost but one Man out of ye Soldiers.
The Inhabitants are extreamly chearfull, and
now hope that they have seen the worst over, &
that being no longer troubled with Alarms they
may aco on with their improvements. We shall of ^suk\nd^
•^ ° . . wine very
certainly succeed in Silk and Wine m case y* successful.
Planters are supported by the Publick in those
Attempts. This Province bridles the Span
iards in America, & covers the English Fron
tiers. The poor People that are here have been
so harrassed by their Threats & so constantly
under Arms that they have not been able to
make that Provision for tbeir Subsistence which
was necessary, though it was far from want of
Industry in them. They have been sumetimes Harassing
*' conditions
obliged to be two days out of five on guard, not- ^^^^f-^^
withstanding which they have laboured their ^°''eia.
Lands and made some Improvements. It is the
Vigilance and Courage of the Militia thalt
prevented the Spaniards from being Masters of

252 Colonial Recobds

James Oglethorpe to Sir Joseph Jekyll.

this Province as well as Carolina, but they must
in the end have been starved through want of
time to follow their Business, if they had not
been relieved by the Regiment. These Duties to
the Publick Service have thrown them so back
ward that unless the Trustees have the con
tinuance of the Parliamentary Assistance, all
without that is already done will be lost, and what is
Parlia- •' -i, i
Slt°^oe. ^' already given, thrown away ; besides, it will be
the greatest Inhumanity to send over People to
settle a Countrey, and when they have behaved
so well as to sacrifice their own Affairs for the
Publick Service then to abandon them to Des
truction. I am perswaded therefore the Parlia
ment will give the necessary Supplies to the
Trastees for the carrying on the Civil Govern
ment and the Improvement of the Countrey. I
hope you will be so good as to permit M'. Tow
ers and M'. Archer to wait upon you on this
Occasion; that you will make my Compliments
acceptable to my Lady Jekyll & believe me to be
Sir
Jekyl Sound Your most obedient and
19 Sept'. 1738. most humble servant.
James Oglethorpe.
R'. Hon"'*. Sir Joseph Jekyll.

Cobeespondencb 253

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Gen'^- Oglethoepe to the Teustees 19 Sept.
1738 Recd. 29 Jan 1738. Read to the
committee 14 Mabch 1738.
Frederica 19 September 1738.
Gentlemen I am arrived here and find things in a better
Situation than I heard in England, all the
Southern Division of the Proidnce is in very
good order.
I have now told you the best, I hear that the
Northern Division of the Province has lost
near three fourth parts of the People since I
left it, some running away for fear of the Span
iards but ten for fear of Debt ; for the Court of
Savannah has taken upon them to imprison for imprison-
debt, notwithstanding the People surrender
their Effects. I landed here, and sent up M'.
Jones Express to Savannah. I have been un
fortunately forced to stay by an unfortunate
Difference between the Lieutenant Colonel and
some of the Officers of the Regiment and for
the Landing of Men. I can say nothing with
Certainty of what has been done at Savannah,
till I see with my own Eyes. I have publis'hed
the order forbidding all Certified Accounts, &f\ forbiddlli.
and shall reduce all Expences, but I fear if
some of the People who have had misfortunes
are not assisted with Provisions, the Misery will
be too great for Description. I hope you will
obtain another Supply from Parliament, and

254 Colonial Recoeds

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

there is great hope, nay. I may say; no doubt,
wine"'^' ^* that both Silk and Wine will in a very short
time come to Perfection.

Perfection

I shall give you a farther acco". when I have
been at Savannah which will be in a few days.
I must again mention that if there is not a Sup
ply frona Parliament this year, those brave fel
lows who stood the worst, and who till the
arrival of the Regiment were forced to be almost
the whole year under arms must starve with
their Families, since they could not do the Duty
and work at the same time ; from hencef oward
I shall ease them of their heavy Guards, and
only keep such a Watch or Guard as will pre
serve the peace qf the Town, which will be al
ways necessary. I desire to know what Estab
lishment you will order, if any, that I may be
able to prevent the Storekeepers exceeding y*
Allowance, as I fear they have lately done. I
am Gentlemen Your most obedient
humble servant James Oglethorpe.
P. S.
Cap'. Burrish says the Entrance and the
Harbour is very good, & that much larger
Ships than his may come in w'". safety.

Cobeespondencb 255

General Oglethorpe to Thomas Archer.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Exteact of a Lettee feom Geneeal Oglethoepe
TO Thomas Aechee Esq^. dated 19 Sept. 1738.
AT S"^. Simons in Geoegia.
I think you are very well acquainted with
some of the Lords of the Admiralty, I must
desire therefore that you would use your Inter
est that Captain Burrish who commands the teminatfou
-i-r-f of CSLPt
Man of War that brought me over may be con- surrish's
services In
tinned on the Georgia Station, he is very Zealous Georgia.
for the Service and has showed it by standing
directly to the Southward up to the very Noses
of the Spaniards, whilst all the others went into
Charles Town, where they generally stay. If
Captain Gascoigne and Captain Burrish were
continued with their ships on this Station, and
that one lies in Amelia and the other in Jekyll
Sounds, they will cover this Province by Sea
and keep open the Communication between the
Garrisons where my Regiment must be dis
persed amongst the Islands ; If the Communica
tion is not kept open it may be of very danger
ous Consequence.
Perhaps the Lords of ' the Admiralty may
say the Ships at Charles Town may, if we are
attacked, come up to our Assistance, but if tbey To^^too remote for
consider that Charles Town is near three De- ,^^Jfl^i"!?„
grees to the Northward and Augustine not
above half a Degree to the Southw*., the Matter
may be over before they come up, besides that
the Gulf of Florida sets with a rapid Current
to the Northward, so that it is very difficult to

In time of
need.

256 Colonial Recoeds

John Vanderplank to Mr. Harman Verelst.

come from thence Southward, and the same
wtads^might wind that brings up the Spaniards from the
astrousf ' Havannah hinders the Ships at Charles Town
from coming down to us. Besides how strange
a thing is it that there should be no Man of War
stationed in a Frontier Port exposed to an
Enemy but that they should depend for their
support upon those who lye in a Port in the
heart of a peaceable Countrey above 100 Miles
distant. M'. Winnington and Sir Thomas Lyt
tleton are Friends to Captain Burrish, and if
you mention it to them they will give their
Assistance to the Trustees in obtaining a Sta
tion Ship for them.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
John Vandeeplank, Southampton. 21^'"' Sept
1738 to Me. Haeman Veeelst at the
Office foe Geobgia in Westministee.
FreeThos Lue Dummer.
Sir I was duely Hono"*: w'". y' most Esteemed of
the 9'". Curr'. And Return you many thanks for
the Same In Answering mine In the Secretarys
Absence —
I have Carefully perns 'd Both, and find by
the Inclosed Conditions, that they are quite
differing from what I aprehended, and find
Twill be a prodigeous charge before any proffitt
will Accrew, by being at all the Charge of

Cobeespondencb 257

John Vanderplank to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Trancesporting my Self & family thither & also
the Servants, and when there Twill be much
more to keep and maintain Em In the Collony.
Before the Land Can Be Improved and the
Houses & stock provided, and when Its Soe
done. Its Liable to a great many Accidents of
falling againe Into the Hands of the Concerned,
for after we have Been at all the C'harge &
Labour to Make it fruit full. It does not decend
to the family nor wife, onely, for Life, Soe that
If the Male of the family Drops ( w*'". Is Verry unsatis-factory ISiW
often the Case) all your Charge & Improve- ^an™'^
ment Is Lost & devolv's to others of No kin. cSon^ ^^*
Soe that few I supose will Care to proceed on
these Conditions, and few men when they (iome
to be of the age of T'wenty years & upwards will
Care to be Soe Bound as the artickles mentions,
as also Not to Goe out from thence, w'" out
Lycence, & other tMngs w'" out leave Soe you
must be as If In a garrison or Confinement or
I supose must be Oblig'd to pay to the Coman-
dant or others for your freedom, when there and
to forbid Etm to Trade with the Indians, w'"
out Lycence Is hard, & If Soe must Be oblig'd
to be Tributary for it, and by Comply eing w'".
all Conditions & obligations Mention'd In the
articles there will be a Verry Great advantage
Redound to Som of the Managers, and only
Hard Labour to the purchasers In Georgia ; un
less the Terms are altered & made more Accep-' age tte""^'
Colony a
table. But to Encourge this Colony as other Col- bounty is

lonys In America has Been, I should think, that
An Act ought to be procur'd to have a Bounty
on most of the goods from Georgia, as for oyl

recommended.

258 Colonial Recoeds

WIU Stephens to Trustees.

Wine, fee'', as there was on Tar & pitch, &c*. w"".
gave great Life & Encouragement to the far
mers & planters to be Industerous, as there Is
Now In England for Wheat, & nothing Is more
Beneficiall for the Manuring & Cultivating of
Land then a proper Encourag'. from the Gov-
erm'. But as it is I have almost Laid aside the
thoughts of Goeing thither Especially this
winter, unless Beter terms Cou'd be obtain'd.
How Ever I Retaine a Just Sence of the fav'.
you was pleas'd to doe me. In Sending me the
particulars, and Contitions of Settling In the
Collony, and if Business shou'd Call me to
London Betwixt tMs & the Next Spring, I shall
doe my Self the Hon', to waite on you. Interim
I Beg Leave to Remaine & w'". Verry Great
Esteem S'. your most Hum'* & most obliged Sert
Jn" Vanderplank.
Southampton 2P': Sep'. 1738.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Will Stephens to the Honoueable Teustees
FOB establishing THE CoLONY OF GeOEGIA.
Savannah 27 Sept'. 1738.
Honourable Gentlemen
My last was of the 26 Aug of M'. WMtfield.
I am now to acquaint you y' on the 11'". inst I
rec*. a letter from Mr. Abercromby Attomy

Cobeespondencb 259

Will Stephens to Trustees.

Matters

servance.

General at Charles Town, together with a
Packet which came by Cap' Percy; wherein I
had your Commands signifyd to me by Mess'^
Martyn & Verelst in their letters of the 19'". &
20'" of May, & the 12'" & 14'". of June; which
require due observance: your farther Com
mands which came under the same Cover for
Mess'^. Causton, Parker and Anderson, were im
mediately delivered to them, as other letters
also enclosed were, to whom they were directed.
Your Honours Determinations at this Junc
ture, are of so great Moment ; y' as they consist
in a great measure of matters requiring strict requ^ing
observance in the future execution of them; I
concieve it at present only incumbent on me to
assure you, that nothing shall be wanting on my
part to see your pleasure fulfilld: wherein I
must hope for the ready assistance of those,
whom I am appointed to cooperate w'".
It may not be improper however, to touch
upon a very few particulars at present in tran
situ, which probably a little time may occasion
me to be more explicit in: and if so, they'll
scarcely pass unobserved in my Joumal here
after ; where I presume it has hitherto appear 'd,
my thoughts (such as they are) have been de
livered w'". Simplicity; even such as I could not
well warrant, were it not y' I had it as a parti
cular Injunction, to do it without Scruple or
hesitation: but though I can easily assure my
self, y' I lay nothing before you as Fact, w''".
has the least untruth, yet I am sensible in offer
ing any opinion of my own, it may be very

260

Colonial Recobds

Will Stephens to Trustees.

SentimentsIn regard
to the
tenure of
land.

How the
trustees'servantsare em
ployed

erroneous, & will need your pardon. I wish I
could as easily prevail w'". others to recede from
their former Sentiments, relating to the Tenure
of their Lands; who now appear pretty much
chagrin 'd, upon my acquainting them with your
Honours Determination on that Affair; and
Storys filld with Rancour and 111 Will, are
buzzd about to create Jealousys, & raise a
general Disaffection, as far as the Authors of
them are able; who cannot so far conceal
y^'selves, but that they may be shrewdly guess 'd
at all arrows out of that Quiver being pretty
weU known. I hope tMs Flash of Passion may
qmckly disappear; and shall tMnk it my Duty
to be a close Observer of what passes ; w"". if it
appears to be attended with any ill consequence
shall surely be laid before you.
How, & on what labour the Trastees Servants
are employd (or have been, I presume is meant)
I should be glad to give a more ready answer to,
than I am capable of at present ; it being a knot
easy to unravel, but entangled with variety of
frequent alteration; w''". I shall try to pick out
by degrees : in the mean while, I think I may
venture to write negatively what has not been
done, w°". I dare say those people were sent
for. If we look into the Farm Work under M'.
Bradleys care, theres little appearance of any
thing more than a few ordinary Hutts w*". they
set up a little while since, and about half an acre
of land partly clear 'd by them (as M'. Bradleys
Son informed me when I last viewd it) but never
cultivated and planted ; so y' w' number of acres

Cobeespondencb

261

WiU Stephens to Trustees.

there are improved (w"". I sent an account of)
it seems they had no hand in, but has been the
work of other Servants since M'. Bradleys first
beginning. How many of these Foreigners M'.
Bradley employd at the Spring Season of this
year, about his Sons Lot near the Town, may be
hard to come at the true knowledge of; but I
saw a pretty many my self, & took notice of it,
in my Joumal of the 14'". of Feb: near about
which time, or soon after, upon M'. Bradleys
using some severitys tow''^ a woman, whom he
caused to be corrected, (ver}" justly for ought
I know) a general Discontent spread soon
among all of 'em; and it being industriously (I
think) at the same time propagated, that any.
who who within 6 weeks could either pay or find
Friends to pay £6:5:0 for 'em, as the Cost
w'". the Trustees were at for their Passage,
might claim their discharge many of them took
that course: and divers people of the Town at
the same time wishing to be supplyd with
Servants; they were easily induced to change
Masters, and turn themselves over into private
hands; where some of 'em (I fear) have since
found cause of Repentance; M'. Causton, upon
payment of the Sum required, having dis
charged them from M'. Bradleys Service under
the Ttust, and delivered 'em to such new Mas
ters; whereunto he was the rather moved, from
their not being usefully employd where they
were designed. This however M'. Bradley made
great complaint of; and it heightend the ani
mosity at that time subsisting betwixt M'.
Causton and him Before the Bulk of these

Discontent caused by
Mr. Brad
ley's sever
ity to a
woman servant

Animosity
between
Mr. Bradley
and Mr.
Causton.

262 Colonial Recobds

WiU Stephens to Trustees.

people was delivered into M'. Bradleys care, M'.
Causton had made choice of 12 of them to serve
the Trust in Work, at the Stores, the Crane,
or the Public Garden, as occasion might require
more or less at either place: and if from them,
a true Judgment could be formed, of the whole ;
I tMnk a more lazy, obstinate, & dissatisfyd
people, can scarcely be found: this has been
Servants notorious to all, who cau 't but see it daily. How
o^bftinate. many M'. Bradley has now remaining w'". him,
I have not yet learnt, nor the particular work
they have from time to time been employd
about for several months past : I '11 endeavor to
come at it if possible, but I would not enquire
at the wrong place. I know well y' it has taken
from the up UO Small time, in cutting out and making a
town end to ^ > a o
ge^Trust yf^^^ Road from the Towns end to the Trust
Farm; which labour I apprehend might very
well have been spared, as well as expence y' has
attended it, for he was obliged to make a Bridge
of good timber Work thro' a large Swamp;
whereas had he been contented to have made
use of a way already made on the left hand
going out of Town, there was Colliton Bridge
ready made; or on the right hand there was
another Way would have answered the purpose
as well; both those Roads meeting in a Point,
just in the Line which he had in View: but he
chose rather to find a 3* way betwixt 'em; which,
I know not how to represent better than by the
figure of a broad arrow — . I should not have
said thus much, and been obliged to End im
perfectly at present ; had it not appeard some
thing was expected from me concerning it, by

Cobeespondencb 263

WiU Stephens to Trustees.

being so particularly recommended to my en
quiry. — But I would not write injuriously of
any man by prejudging of Mm.
The Notices sent me, with directions to affix
them to the Storehouse doors, relating to future Notices re.
Credit, I took care was immediately done ; by gedu ^affix-
affixing one at this Store, and sending the other ^°^^ '**"^-
to M'. Horton at Frederica. within few days
after, for him to do the same.
M'. Gilbert, upon hearing of Your Honours
promoting Mm to the Magistracy, took occasion ^^^ aubert
to let me know his thoughts concerning it; the™ml^s'-°
wherein he expressd a gratefull Sense of the '^^'^^'
kind Opinion you were pleased to entertain of
Mm; but at the same time declared that he
thought himself by no means capable of dis
charging the Duty of such an Officer; for as
much as he could neither read, nor write Ms own
Name; and was not willing therefore to bring
himself into contempt among 'his Neighbors, w'"
whom he now livd in peace and quiet: and
indeed I take him to be an inoffensive man,
¦without any ill designs : but of what Weight his
reasons shall be allow'd for excusing his taking
that Office upon him, I shall not presume to
judge. The Part I took in it, was to advise Mm
to consider farther of it, and lay Ms thoughts
before the General when he came; whose ap
proach we hoped was so near, y' such a short
Suspense could produce no 111 before twas
determined.

Your Honours final Decision of the Affair

264 Colonial Recoeds

Will Stephens to Trustees.

Decision concermug the Claim of Grand Jurys to ad-
oie^Saim^of mimster Oaths, must put a happy period to any
grand jurys ' ^ ^*^*^ ^
to admin- future Contention on that Head.
ister oaths. Divers other matters w*" you have been
pleased to observe in those letters I now receivd,
will call on me to write particularly of; wMch
I shall endeavour to do in due order of time,
as I can be well informed. At present I must be
forced to break off here; a boat just arriving
from Frederica, wherein came M'. Jones, who
brings us the good News that the General with
Gen. Ogle- the Man of War and all the Transports arriv'd
thoi'pe's ar-
«iT'"Mi*of liappily at S' Simons on Monday was senight
stoons^* ^'^^ the 18'". instant, after an easy Passage; and-
that they were all in perfect health So long has
this Joyfull News been in finding its way hither.
I do not find y' I have any letter of any Mnd by
him ; but presume the original Packett, whereof
I had Coppys by the way of Charles Town, may
be yet imder the Generals care, Who will order
the Delivery of it when and by whom he sees
proper. I do not find that M'. Jones can give
us any certain Intelligence when we may expect
the General in these parts without doubt Ms
time is sufficienly taken up with matters of most
Importance where he is.
I remain Hon"'* Gentlemen
Your most Obedient humble Servant
Wills : Stephens.
To the honourable Trustees
for establishing the Colony
of Georgia.

COEEESPONDENCE 265

WiU Stephens to Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. Will Stephens to the Teustees 27 & 29
Sept. 1738. Received 29 Jan. 1738. Read

TO THE COMMITTEE 14 MaECH 1738.
Savannah 29 Sept'. 1738.
Honourable Gentlemen
M'. Jones having the Charge of divers letters
with Mm (some from the General) wMoh he
must dispatch to Charles Town without loss of
time; & for w*". Service we must hire a Boat
from hence ; I could not have wished for a fairer
occasion of sending what I had wrote of the
27'". that otherwise I might have waited long
for an opportunity of doing: & you'll please to
allow my adding this in the nature of a Sup
plement to my other herewith.
The continuation of my Joumal accompanys
tMs; together w'" Duplicate of my former of
the 26 Aug: and to carry on my List of the ^^^^^"/^
Freeholders of this Town as far as twould go,
I have pickt out some to be added to those
Planters last sent, who I conceive are worthy of
the next Rank, and may be lookd on as usefull
Inhabitants in some Degree to whom if we add
all Minors, and Orphans; from whom some
future good may be hoped, I fear I must close
the ace*, of Freeholders there; the next Class
consisting partly of vacant Lots, & partly of
such as if we say no ill of, I doubt little good,
especially in planting, may be expected from.

freeholders.

266 Colonial Recoeds
WiU Stephens to Trustees.
Mr. Jones having now delivered me the
Packett sent from your Honours, I am to ack
nowledge the rec' of the several particulars fol
lowing, viz
'^I^..°^.v. Lease for a year of 3000 acres of Land to the
land to the "^
fl^'lifnah"' Bayliffs of Savannah 16 May 1738.
Robert Gil- Relcaso of the same, and its Counterpart. 17
bert ap-
g»" May 1738.
Appointment of Robert Gilbert 3*. Bayliff. 3*.
May 1738. Two Notices conceming fu
ture Credit to be affixed
to the Stores.
Invoyce of several Parcells
consigned to M'. Ogle
thorpe &c.
Estimate of a years Expen
ses from Midsum'. 1738.
Letter from M'. Martyn. D^
from M'. Verelst 20 May
1738. N. B. these here
included I had
Coppys of in the
former Packet y'
came by Cap'.
Percy.
London Gazett Apr. 4. &c.
I am, Hon"'* Gentlemen, Your most Obedient
humble Servant. Will: Stephens.

Cobeespondencb 267

Mr. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. Stephens to Me. Haeman Veeelst Ac
comptant AT THE Geoegia Office. West
ministee. Recd. 29 Jan. 1738.
[ Black ]
Wax ¦
Seal Savannah 29 Sept. 1738
Dear S'.
You'll be so good to pardon me for the free-
dome I take in saying to you as to a Friend, it
is very amazing and shocking to me to tMnk,
y' neither in the Packett which came by Cap'.
Percy, nor in the last w'=" came with the General
I could find any one letter from any Mortal,
except w' M'. Martyn and you wrote me by
order of the Trustees. What the meaning of it
is God knows: indeed it is a melancholly con
sideration : but I must bear these Evills as well
as I can ; & I had need to summon w'. Fortitude
of Mind I am able when I see so many Crosses
daily to discourage me. By my Joumal you'll
see what a sad condition we are fallen into w'" ^'^ants.
our Servants; & were I enclined to dwell on
such a dull Theme, I might have Scope enough
but I shall wait w'". patience, in hopes of better
things ; & at present wave saying any more, till Fear of
SOD, a IllucSSi

Trouble

I see how twill end. I fear my Son is falling ill
too ; w*". would add grievously to the weight of
my misfortunes — But to come to the Affair in

2,68

CoLONLiL Recoeds

Mr. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Francis Delgrass, a
shoemaker,and Bichd.
Turner un
deserving.

hand — Fearing y'. I suffer 'd an Errour to
escape me in coppying the last List of Planters
sent ; I must beg it may be corrected : tis at N°
117, Francis DelgTass a Shoemaker by trade I
find in my Original to have planted 5 acres : if
therefore he is added to that List with Ms
planting, and one Rich*. Turner N°. 135 tho'
a Planter (of one acre only) struck out thence,
and left to be ranked among the least deserving,
at the latter end of all ; tis Justice due to both.
'Tis fit I should give you some account of w'
this present Packett contains too, besides my
Joumal, & Duplicate of my last letter, and tMs
List of F'reeholders who I apprehend have some
merit to distinguish them from the least deserv
ing ; the large flat parcell was brought me from
M'. Christie, Who told me nothing of the Con
tents ; but I guess tis cMefly the proceedings of
the Courts : there is also a small bundle of
letters, w*" came from the General at Frederica,
& was delivered me by M'. Jones : I have wrote
so on the Back of the paper I enclosed those
letters in: what others you find, were brought
me at different times frm Sundry people who
committed them to my care: but there is one
particularly of my own, directed to a Son of
mine in the E. Indies, who has been there many
years; & I have not scrupled to put it under
cover in this letter to your self; assuring my
self y' as you are frequently in the City, you'll
be so good to put it into such a sure way of
conveyance, y' it may go safe. I forbear giving
you any more trouble now: by the time y' I
write next, probably I may have occasion to be

Cobeespondencb 269

Mr. Christie to Trustees.

more copious; for I take this to be a kind of
Crisis here, where we may expect to see great
alteration in many tMngs ere long.
I remain S'. Your very humble Servant
Will: Stephens.
Heres a Report y' our
Good Friend Coll Horsey is
on Ms way to Ms Governm'.
I wish it proves true .
[Written in the margin in the Original]
Tho' the misfortune of so many sick Servants
falls heavily on me; yet I would not have it deiSI'
inferred from thence that the Town is become
very sickly: on the contrary tis as healthy as
generally we find it at this time of the Year;
& tho' Feavers and Agues are pretty common,
very few died of late.

Tho' much
sickness few
deaths
occur.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Mb. Cheistie to the Teustees. Recd 29 Jan
1738.

Savannah Sept', 30: 1738.
My Lords & Gentlemen
Yo': last directions to M'. Stephens concem
ing Our Packets for England leaves me no
room to doubt but the Copies of the Records

270

Colonial Recoeds

Isaac Gibbs to Trustees.

w"": are here Inclosed will now reach your
hands. Pardon me Sirs if they are any ways Defec
tive I do assure you I have in my Station great
ly laboured to reconcile things within tMs Col
lony And I have hitherto spent almost all my
time therein — I mett with One difficulty w°":
perhaps Gentlemen you are unacquainted with
— That is an Insupportable Pride in my fellow
Labourer M'. Causton w*. has given me more
Attendance & taken up more of my time than all
other my Avocations put together — His Busi
ness was to much taken up in the Store - house
And now I am afraid will be w'": Settling Ms
Accounts.

An attempt
to recon-
cUe things
within the
Colony.

Mr. Caus
ton' 3 insup
portable pride a
difficulty.

Give me leave Gentlemen to Congratulate
you on the safe Arrival of Our Generall - And
believe me to be w'" : a most profound Respect.
Your most Obed':
humb'* Serv': Tho": Christie.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Isaac Gibbs foe the Hon^^^ the Teustees fob
Establishing the Colony of Geoegia in
Ameeica to be left at theie Office in Old
Palace Yaed. Westministee.
May it Please your Hon'^.
I haveing waited on your Hon'=. about Sept'.
1737 to Obtain a Grant for a Settlement in the

Cobeespondencb 271

Isaac Gibbs to Trustees.

Collony of Georgia wMch I Proposedi to Do on
my own foundation hawing then as I told your
Hon'^. about 100"* of my own which I thought
would have Done pretty well and I believe
would if please God we had Succeeeded well.
accordingly your Hon'^ Granted and that att
Abercorn att which Place I am now Settled and
hopes with the blessing of God to Do very well
in a Reasonable time but not Comeing here till
the latter End of aprill haveing been Perswad
ed by a fellow passenger to Settle att a place
about 6 miles from Savannah near the Cowpen
where he Proposed also I might have 150 acres
together accordingly I went with him Spent
about 2 months time Cleared about 2 acres of
land which happened to be upon on [sic] M'.
youngs Grant, who had been here 12 months
before and never Sett out nor begun to Clear till
he heard I was there abouts then he came and
had it Sett out and according to the Surveyer
I was upon the Edge of his Grant wMch has
been a Great backwarding to me in my Settle
ment for this year.
according to your Hon'". Grant as above I
with my wife 2 Sons about 6 & 8 years old and

Hardships

a man Servant Sett Sail October 8'". 1737 in from'^Eng-
the Minerva Cap'. Nicholson Comimander to c"iony° *''*
whom I Paid 25"^ att 6» ^ head in the Steerage
we had a very Good Passage till we Come to
Charlestown barr where we had the Misfor
tune to Strike and began to fear we Should
have been all lost but through mercy we all
Escaped with our lives the Ship was Left by

272

Colonial Recoeds

Isaac Gibbs to Trustees.

Assistance
from the
Trusteesasked.

Very little
progressmade by
planters.

Every Soul as a Wreck upon the barr which
your Hon'°. have heard of No Question ' I had
laid out Near fifty pounds in Linnen Goods for
Sale and Some Iron ware mostly for my own
use w'hich all Received very much Damage and
Some of my household Goods were Quite lost
and our wearing Clothes almost all Spoiled
wMch with our Extraordinary Stay and Charge
att Charlesto'wn was above 20"' loss to me my
wife also Received very much hurt being thrown
out of the SMp, into the long boat and Tosst
about into another little Vessell of wMch hurt
She languisht and miscaried in Jany about a
month after our landing in Georgia thus being
weak and with the Change of Climate and
alteretion in liveing She Languisht till the be
ginning of June and Died wMch with other Ill
ness^ : in my f amilie has been above 20"" Extra
ordinary Charge to me which with my Common
familie Charge has Drain*, my Substance So
that I am Obliged to Crave assistance from
your Hon'^ Store which I Pray your Hon'^. will
Grant till we Can by our Labour and Industry
Raise a Sufficiencie on our own Plantation
which shall nott be wanting in us.
Rut I Dispair of Ever Doeing any Great
matters by Pecking with a hoejfor where if
there be two or three hands they have Cleared
5 or 6 acres it is as much as they can well man
age by way of Planting or tilling without Goe
ing on with Clearing any more So that there is
like to be but a Poor maintenance for families
of Such a Small Quantitie of Ground and In-

Cobeespondencb 273

I39£C. Gibbs to Trustees.

Plows

deed there is but very little Progress made as
I have Seen yett by the Gentlemen that have
been here Longest.
But I Propose to have a Plow if I 'Can
Possibly for it is a hard thing to Come att in
this Place for I have heard of nor Seen but one
in this Collony and that a very Indifferent one
to here is Scarcely any that Understands to
make them or husbandry Either and what they
Do in Carpentry is So very Chargeable that it
is hard to Come att one that account — itt need& in
the Colony.
might be of very Great Service to the CoUony
if your Hon'^ would Please to assist them with
a few English Plows for I am Sure that one
man and a boy with but a Couple of oxen or
horses Shall Do more then ten men with their
hoes and much Better Done aud I think would
be better also then that Inhumane and Abomi
nable useing of Negros.
I would Crave also the favour of your Hon''.
to Grant another 50 acre Lott itt may be in my
yoimger Sons name if you Please wMch may be lanl^for son
Next to mine that I might Lay them together
for it is but very Little Trouble more to fence
in two then one Lyeing So together and as the
Lotts are Laid out at tMs Place.

if your Hon'^. would Please also to Grant me
the favours which has been Promised to the
other Settlers att this Place I Should be very
thankfull Such as a Cow a hogg &o a Gun and
two or three old tools wMch I am not Provided S?,k°"^^ i^'
with nor Did I think of Whilst in England a
Cow would be very agreeable to our little ones

had.

274 Colonial Recoeds

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

in this Place here is not one nor a Drop of milk
to be had in tMs Place So that we have not
what is Proper here to Nourish them in their
Illness^ Thus
I am your Hon". Most Obedient and
Most Humble Servant
Isaac Gibbs.
Abercorn October -
3 - 1738.
P^ An Origin'all of this was Prepared for your
Hono'^ about the time of Esq'. Oglethorpe^
Comeing here and it came into my mind it might
be Proper for Ms Hon', to Peruse it which he
So well aprooved of that he laid his Commands
upon me to Send a Coppy of it to your Hon'^

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Gen^. Oglethoepe to the Teustees. Recd.
Jan. 22, 1738 Read Maech 26, 1739.

ffrederica 7'". October 1738.

Gentlemen

Condition in
southern

1^'. I have sent up M'. Jones, as I informed
you in my last I would, and am now going to
Savannah. In the Inclosed is an account of
parfof" the Condition I found the Southern Part of the
amd petition Colouy iu OU my Arrival, as also a Petition
from people •' •' '
for support. fy^jQ ^jje peoplc foT Support, the Allegations
of it are very true. The Storehouse at Savan-

Cobeespondencb 275

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

nah has supported this Division of the Pro
vince so ill that the People must have starved
or abandoned the Place had not M'. Horton
given them his own Cattle and Com to eat.
You see the Quantity of Provisions, a great
deal of the Flower is in Danger of Spoiling on
which I had it made into bread, and sold to the
Soldiers at prime Cost, so that they had it at
five farthings a pound ; the Money arising from
it I have ordered to be laid out in fresh fflower
for supplying the Trustees People. The Indian
Corn M'. Causton bought in at 3' : 6*. per
Bushell, and charged it at that Price to the
Store here; It is now fallen, upon the new
Harvest, which (God be praised) is very plenti
full in Carolina, so that it is sold at 1' per ?™^carlmi
-r> 1 m 1 /-. t>ut poor in
Bushell there. Our poor people lost their Har- Georgia.
vest by reason of their being called by the
Spanish Alarms from their bowing. I have
ordered the old Com to be issued at l^ 2* ^
bushell which if I had not done, would have
been lost, for the People would not have taken
it at 3^ 6*, when they could have bought new
Com cheaper, and it would have spoiled in two
months. 3*. We want Beer here extreamly. I brought
over twenty Tuns of Beer, which I issued to the
Soldiers and Inhabitants at prime Cost, which
I believe will be gone before I can receive a
Supply. There are Six Barrells a day drawn
and paid for in ready money. It would be very
proper therefore if the Trustees affairs would
allow it; to send over a Cargo of at least 50 or

276

Colonial Recobds

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

Cargo of
strong beer
wanted to
prevent the
use of rum.

Fear of
great rogu
ery in cer
tifiedaccotts.

A struggle
for food for
the Colony.

60 Tons strong Beer, and that, of the same as
I had from M'. Hucks in Southwark. It will be
a better Remittance than even Bills, since Beers
being cheap, is the only means to keep Rum
out of the Colony, thank God, there is none in
this part. M'. Horton having used great dili
gence to prevent it, to which in a great measure
is owing the health and Industry to the People.
4'". Upon the necessity I have granted the
Petition so far as to continue to furnish the
People upon Credit with 6 pounds of bread kind
and 2 pounds of meat per week, & 1 pint of
molasses, viz'. 2"'. flower J^ peck Ind. Com.
they had 4^. Meat but I have now reduc* y".
to 2"'.
5'". I shall when I come to Savannah strive
to reduce all the Trastees Expences as much as
I can ; but I can say nothing of certain relating
to the Northern part of the Province. Report?
being so different I fear there has been great
Roguery in the Certified Acco"^ there having
been several Barrells of Provisions brought
from Philadelphia and New York, which were
condemned as unfit for food, and burnt as such
The Prices of the Goods were also exorbitant,
and the Species very bad. I have great Diffi
culties to struggle with, as you may conceive, a
great number of Mouths to feed, empty Maga
zines and no Money : a great Debt. I fear, is con
tracted ; but as there was no Authority for con
tracting that Debt I shall wait your Orders
before I will approve or pay any of it. I take a
List of all the Stores I find in the Colony, and

Cobeespondencb 277

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

I will intermeddle nor approve of nothing that
was done before my Arrival till I hear from
you. I will make the few Stores that are here
go as far as possible towards supplying the
People ; but if we have not a Supply from Par-
liam': the Misery will be inexpressible; for
there are eight months that the Colony is to be
supported, and no other Fund, as I can find,
except the £500 of Sola Bills which you sent
over with me; and what is in the Magazines.
The best expedient I can think of is to sup
port the Credit by paying such Certified Ac
counts, the Particulars of which have been
honestly delivered at moderate prices, If any
certified Accounts shall appear to have been
fraudulently obtained; your Judgment will be
the best Direction how to proceed therein. I
will inquire at Savannah into that, matter
whether there bas been any Combination or

Combina-

Fraud between the Per.'ons who delivered the fraua*""
Goods, and those imployed by you; and you
will take the advice of proper persons how far
such Infonnation will justify you in overhawl-
ing those Accounts.
Till I have examined things at Savanah I
cannot see clear enough to make a full report,
but hope that if the ParHament grants us the
Supply, I shall be able to settle aU tMngs so as
to put the Colony into a very flourishing condi
tion. It will cost me a great deal of Labour
but I shall grudge no pains for to bring about
that good End.
Among other Disappointments the great [sic]

278 Colonial Recoeds

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

Droughts and the Spanish Alarms last year hath

droughts rendered the best and most zealous part of the
by^span. People incapable of supporting themselves tMs
Year; but thank God we are rid of great num
bers of idle Mouths who ran away from the
Northern Division ; part for debt ; part for fear
of y Spaniards. I hear there are several in
dustrious People of some Substance who are
willing to come up at their own Expence, if you
will give them the forfeited Lotts.
The Spamards have tempted the Creek In-
creek In diaus with great Presents to joyn against us
ed'by \bS^^ wMch they have refused and yesterday arrived
to* fight ^ a Messenger from the Towns that the CMef
against the
Colony. Mev. are coining down to meet me. The Span
iards reported that I had been disgraced in
England, and that I should never return, and
this was confirmed by the Carolina Trader.
The Creeks declared that they would take no
Determination till they could see me, and their
Chief Men come down to confer with me, and I
shall see them in a few days at Savannah. TMs
will be a new Expence, for there must be Pres
ents given to them.
Some Soldiers who had been in the Irish
Troops in France and Spain listed in our Regi
ment, I had some Information of tMs at Ports
mouth, since which I have found out the whole
to §es&oy ' Combination, and have taken the furlow wMch
and go into quc of them had from the Duke of Berwick's
foreign serv-
mer 'frish"^" Regiment. A young Recruit has discovered the
Ish so^dFers. Proposal they made to him to secure some
advance Post, destroy the Officers & go into

Cobeespondencb 279

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

foreign Service. I have ordered a general
Court Martial to be held upon them, but have
not yet received their Report. The fellows are
very artful & it was with great difficultie we
could find out that they had been in Foreign
Service. I am
Gentlemen Your most hum"'* servant
James Oglethorpe
The honbie the Trustees.
P. S.
I send you a Plan of y* Town of Frederica
with the Granted Lotts & the names of the
Possessors. Some families go aWay and some
are newly come I send you also y* Petition of ^le^T^wn^of
the old Freeholders, a.s likewise of those newly J^^t'^the*
arrived. D'. Hawkins is in y* Regiment &
wants no Provisions, therefore is not in the
List. I send you a List of the new Freeholders
and a List of the old Freeholders, and of their
Allowances. I send you a Return of the Free
holders & of the Weekly Issues to them before
my Arrivals. A List of persons on pay in the
Trustees Service at Frederica.

Trustees.

The Establishment of Saint Andrews w*.
consists of 19 of the Trastees Serv'^ and 10
upon hire. I have ordered the ten upon hire
to be reduced, but it will be necessary to give
•' ° Servants at
them one months pay to enable them to return I'^l^lnt^'of
to their homes. I have also reduced the two reduced^"^^^^
Carpenters, but have continued M'. Hugh

280

Colonial Recoeds

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

2 lbs. of
meat per
week fur
nished each
person of
Frederica.

Mackay to oversee the Trustees Servants, and
one Storekeeper, and I shall send as many of
the Trustees Servants from the other parts of
the Province as will make up the Compliment,
and I hope by their Labour to defray the Charge
of keeping them. The whole of S'. Andrews
for keeping and imploying the Servants wiU be
£229 p annum. The Surgeon of the Regiment
will take Care of the Serv'^ so that that Expence
also will be saved therefore there will be 31 of
the Trastees Servants subsisted and kept to
work for £229 ^ annum, whidh upon each will
be £7 - 12 - 0.
Here are also Servants on pay at Frederica
M'. Auspourger at 3* ^ day. Surveyor. John
Calwell Deputy Surveyor at 2' ^ day, and the
Labourers at the same rate. I have ordered
the Labourers to be turned off as soon as the
Ships are unloaded, in w*". they assist, and I
shall get the Service they now do, performed
by 3 of the Trustees Servants, who are without
Wages. Their Food is mentioned in a List.
but it will be necessary to keep a Cooper, and
the 2 Clerks Smallwood & Dobree, and the
Storekeeper WMte upon pay.
I have reduced upon the People of Frederica
with their own Consent, so that they are now
to have but 2"*. of meat per week per head, and
they consent to pay even this little wMch they
shall receive.
If we do not supply these Expenses, the Peo
ple cannot keep together here. I desire there-

Cobbbspondence 281

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

fore an answer as soon as possible what I
should do, and I shall write you an acco". from
Savannah of that part of the Province.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Gen^. Oglethoepe to the Teustees Wbotbj by
Mb. Jones 19 Octobee 1738 Recd. 22
Jan^^"^ fott
Gentlemen I rece*. a Copy of M'. Verelsts' Letter dated
the 4'". Aug'. And in Answer to it. Am very
glad that the prudent measures you took to
Stop all Credit here, has had an effect (as you
mentioned) suitable to your Intentions.
I have not issued the 500. [torn] £ Sola Bills,
& do not intend to do it, 'till I hear from you ;
Upon my Arrival I sent M'. Jones from Ffred
erica, & have taken Possession of the Books &
Effects in y* Store, M'. Jones will receive them
as soon as they can be delivered him regularly,
I demanded an Inventory of the Stores, which tory'oFtiie
stores de-
M'. Causton has delivered (but M'. Jones thinks ^^^
'tis imperfect) I send it herewith. You will See *^^"«t°"-
how small the remains of the vast Stores laid
in are and how insufficient of supporting the
Colony to Midsumer.
These Accompts are very imperfect, great
Part of the Steers and Hogs charg'd to y*
Acco'. are wild in the Woods Others lost : The chfrged.*''
price of all overcharged. The Accot. of Stores

282

Colonial Recoeds

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

sent to Frederica is not allowed, by the Store
keeper there, he alledging that he can prove,
they were not delivered the same. And a great
part of what they received was damaged when
Sent —
I am very Sorry to Send you such trifling
Papers, but they are the only Accompts I can
yet get. The Estimate of the Monthly Allow
ance of Provision for Servants would lead one
into an Error, for most of those whom M'.
Causton trusted with Servants, cannot maintain
them, & depend on the Store for Subsistence
I cannot as yet find that Causton has been
guilty of getting for himself, tho' he has un-
acountably trifled away the public Mony; One
of the Follies that has brought tMs ruine on, is,
the trusting people, that importun'd Mm, with
Goods and provisions of all kinds & then let
them discharge the Debts by day-labour in
trifling Works. Whilst Mony was thus Squan
dered, the real necessary Charges of the Colony
Loyalty of Were uot defrayed; The Scout-Boat men,
boatmen,
scout'^boats^ Rangers & others who defended the Province
are not paid, and starving whilst the Trustees
owe them Money. And yet they were not only
contented to Stay till my Arrival, but when I
told them the Trustees Circumstances, their
Affection was so great, that they offered to
Serve on, untill the Trustees Affairs mended, I
thanked them, but reduced the Rangers, Since I
could not feed them with hopes of what I could
not make good: The Scout Boats I have for
this Month paid out of my own Mony, Since

Public
money squandered.

Cobkespondence 283

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

they are absolutely necessary, And I will not
charge the Trustees w'". new Debts:
There is a worse Circumstance than any
above. Viz'. The industrious poor people who

If not

have Saved something by Frugality have lodged given help
their little All in the Store, hoping to have Pro- ^^^^^ poor
visions from thence in their Necessity ; And now
if the Store cannot pay they must perish for
want ; The like Misery must befall all the Trus
tees Servants, as well as many of the Inhabi
tants whom Sickness & misfortunes have pre
vented from having a Crop this Year.
I have Sent your Orders to M'. Stevens &
Parker, A Copy of which I send you and their
Answer, which, I believe, you will think reason
able, and a very good expedient.
I can See nothing but Destruction to the
Colony, unless some assistance be imediately t^o^ ***uije°^
sent us; I support things for a wMle by some bis sent Im-
Mony I have in my hands, & is the Ballance of ™^ '^ ^ ^'
my Acco'. with the Trustees, and the rest I Sup
ply with my own Mony, for I will not incurr
Debts, nor draw Bills upon you; And if the
Effects here go to pay the Certified Accompts.
they will not near pay them, for they will not
amount to half the Sum of y* Debts incurr 'd
here that are not certified.
If This (I know not what Name to give it)
had not happened, the Colony had overcome all
its difficulties, & had been in a flourishing Con- brttie"
Italians.
dition: The Italians begin to like the Place,
and the Family of Cameus have wound Silk as

Place liked

284

Colonial Recoeds

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

China,
brick and
lime made.

No surplus
left.

fine as the last was which was made in Georgia,
there are a great many Mulbery Trees in the
Garden wMch begin to recover themselves So
that next Year they will feed a great Quantity
of Worms: There's Earth found here that a
Potter has bak'd into China -Ware, they have
also found Stone, They make very good Brick
and Lime. There are Several Yokes of Oxen
broke, and Several Carts with Horses — Since
the idle people have run away, there seems to
be a Spirit of Industry stirring, but I fear it
comes too late, if they are not Speedily Sup
ported. The Trustees Saw Mill has worked &
hath Saw'd 700 foot a Day, w°". if managed rig'ht
will bring an Income.
You recomend it to me, to keep the indus
trious People from real want out of the Surplus
of the Stores after Payment of the Debts, but,
as I mentioned above, there will be no such Sur
plus for they are not Sufficient to pay half the
Debts owing here ; And therefore I fear cannot
¦Support the People, till the News of what the
Parliament may grant at their next Session can
arrive. Had any Bills been sent over to me, or was I
sure there would no demand be upon what is
now in Store. I could make Shift to Support
the most valuable part of the People, which I
shall Still Strive to do (tho' with little hopes of
Success, for I must do it out of my own Mony ;
I have already expended a great deal. And as
far as the Income of my Estate and Employ
ments, for this Year, will go, 1 shall sooner lay

COEEESPONDENCE 285

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

it out in Supporting the Colony, (till I can hear
from you), than in any other Diversion.
You ask me, the Sum I think necessary to
carry on the Civil concerns of the Colony ; I ^°^^ ^^"
reckon the lowest Sum that can be expended
here, if you expect any Success in the Improve
ments in SUk and Wine, and keep up a form
of Civil Govemment; will be 5000 £ ^ year
expended here. And you are exceedingly rig'ht
in sending that Sum over lin Sola Bills (&
that in time) and in not suffering any debt to
be contracted here to which the Trustees can
be liable: It will be necessary to have a Suffi
cient Sum to pay what you are in Arrear: I
believe that Sum may be made out by adding
what you owe here to what M'. Verelst knows
from the certified Acc'^. but I Suspect there is a
good deal more ; for, I fear, by their loose man
ner of keeping their Acc'^ ( Since M'. Burntside,
whom I left here, was dismiss 'd from the Store)
that they Scarce know how much they owe : It
is Said, that there is above. 1000 £. owing to
Carpenters for building Sheds & Hutts. to Boat-
Mre &c*- yet not brought in: — Another tMng
may lead you into a Mistake, in believing that
there is money due to y* Store here; from y*
Acco'. M'. Causton Sent you of Goods issued
from y* Store to Sundry Persons (A Copy
whereof you Sent me) whereas, most of those
people were Creditors who were paid what was
due to them from the Store by giving them
Credit with the Sloop-Owners.
The short State of your Affairs, is. That this

286

Colonial Recoeds

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

Causton
again censured.

Orphans,
widdows
and sick.

The only
remedy.

An order
to build
church.

unhappy Man, Causton, hathr^ontracted a Debt
at home & Abroad far beyond what the Trust is
possessed of; therefore notMng can be issued
from the Store, except in paymt. of Debt. Since
All belong to the Creditors.
There are a great number of People to be
assisted here, Orphans, Widdows, & y* Sick.
There is a great Surplus, I fear, due by the
Trust: Therefore the only Remedy, I can think
of, is — If y* Trastees have not Mony Sufficient
to pay the certified Accompts and Demands in
England, then to pay what they have equally,
at an Average, and out of the next Supply, (if
any) given by Parliament to pay the Remlaindeu
whilst I will, out of y* Stores here pay the Debts
as far as they go, and make out an Accompt of
the remaining Debts which I think S'hould also
be paid out of the Supply granted by Parlia
ment — When all the Debts are paid the Trus
tees Set out a New, and Setting aside what the
Expences of y* Office, and other Expences in
England will amount to for the Year they should
Send hither in Sola Bills what part of the Par
liamentary Supply they tMnk will be Sufficient
for the Improvement and Support of the Colony.
I think that Sum cannot be less than 5000 £.
But whatever it is I will make it go as far as
possible, it shall not be exceeded.
You have given me Orders to build the
Church, & cultivate the Lands for religious Uses
both here and at Frederica ; As I will not incurr
any Debts, I cannot proceed unless you Send
me Sola Bills, or Order me to issue those in

Cobbbspondence 287

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

my possession, And place in the Bank So much
of the Mony appropriated to religious uses. As
shall answer the Bills which you order me to
issue. With respect to Causton 's behaviour here, I
have already mentioned. I examined him to
know what could be the meamng, that he dare causton-s
to exceed so exceessively your orders, & thereby
plunging the Colony into its present Difficul
ties: He answered that he made no expences,
but what necessity forced him to, And that he
could prove that Necessity. He entred into
Several particulars; That the Multitude forced
Mm to build a Fort for fear of the Spaniards ;
That the Charge of Saltzburgers and other
Charges were not provided for in tlie Estab
lishment sent over by the Trastees. That he
received that Establishment too late, to comply
with it. He did not pretend to justify himself
in not sending over the Balance of his Ac
compts ; His Negligence to bring his Acco'^ to
a Balance half yearly, or every Year at least,
has been the Occasion of the Melancholy Scitua
tion he has put us in — Some things he alledged,
that had weight — That the Prices of Pro
visions were treble to what they were at my first
Arrival here, from whence we calculated the
Estimate — That the Spanish Alarms obliged
Mm to comply with the humour of tlie People
here, for which reason he was forced to give any
prices to Sloops to bring down provisions to the
Colony. He Said further that he had not been J|^|*s°\m,t
guilty of any fraud : nor converted any of the "^ *^^"^'
Trustees Money to his own Use. He at first

288 Colonial Recoeds

Causton.

General Oglethorpe to Trustees.

seemed pretty Stubborn, but upon a Second
Eixamination, he was more Submissive ; When I
was about to comit him, he pleaded, that it was
not usual here to comit Freeholders for any,
but capital Crimes, That, Watson who was ac
cused of Mlling a Man, and had been found
guilty by a Jury was bail'd upon Ms own Re
cognizance. That he Submitted to the Trus
tees, And that all he had acquired in his Six
Years Service, and all that he had in the world
was laid out in Improvements on Ms Lot in the
Colony, and that he would give all as Security
given'*^ to abide and justify his Acco'^ He has accord
ingly given Security; He has delivered the
Stores. Books, &c unto M'. Jones, according to
your Apointment — I have not been able to
enter into the rest of the Affairs of the Colony;
The Saltzburghers thrive, and so do the people
at Hampstead & Highgate. There are abund
ance of good houses built in this Town I desire
to know in what manner you would have me
proceed in Causton 's Affair. And I desire you
would favor me with your Answer to this Letter
as soon as possible.

I am Gentleman Your obed' humble Serv'.
James Oglethorpe
Savanah Octob'. 19 1738.

Cobbbspondence 289

Rev. Mr. Norris to Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
The Rev'^ Mb. Noebis to Me. Haeman Vebelst
THE AcCOTANT at THE GeOBGIA OfFICE. LON
DON. Received 16 Maech 1738. '
Read

Black
\ Wax Seal Savannah the 19 Octob'. 1738.
S'. On the 15'". Octob'. in the Even I landed here,
where I hop'd the End of my Calling, & the
Relish for land, wMoh the sicHy disagreeable
State of a Sea-Life naturally gave me, would
have been fully answered. But the unhappy
Situation of y* Colony at tMs Time, & the Re
ception, so disagreeable to the Assurances of aw^situa-
the Hon: Trastees, which his ExcelF. the Gen'. ^oZto"'
gave me, seem'd both fataly instant to obviate Rev. mt.
° ' "^ _ Norris.
the good Intents & Purposes of my coming &
continuing here. His Excell*''. not having any
Letters from the Hon. Trustees recommending
me to his Protection & Favour, looked on him
self, I believe, as less concerned in the Interest
of my Cause, or Support of my Necessities; &
so waving the Authority & Importance of my
Mission considered me only as one who by the
Supports &c I should necessarily require, if
invited to stay here, would really contribute to,
& must consequently bear a considerable Share
in the present & growing Calamity of the

290 Colonial Recobds

Rev. Mr. Norris to Harman Verelst.

People. & thereupon added his Instructions to
acquaint the Hon : Trustees, that unless I could
depend solely on him, who feeds the Ravens &c,
he neither could or with Security might give me
Credit here. His Excellen: moreover, told me

Siam piac'"^ that M'. Whitefield had made Savannah his
in Mr. 'Whit- .r,., „ ,i-t^ ii-i,T-«r
field's, place Kesideucc, & at his Departure substituted M'.
as minister. ' ^
Habersham in the Ministerial Office, in which
he was expected to continue 'till M'. Whitfields
Return, & whom by the Letter of my Licence I
was judged neither to supercede or vacat in this
Cure. Tho' thus circumstanced, & I must own very
sensibly affected, yet the Desire & Pleasure of
doing Good & answering to my Power the Hon.
Trustees pious Intentions & Expectations, were
Motives powerful & persuasive enough against
all those Discouragements, to induce my stay
here 'till I Receive Advice from the Hon. Trus
tees I am with dutiful Respects to their Hon'^
Y'. very hum"' : Serv'. Will : Norris.

Cobeespondencb 291

JJr. Thos. Jones to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. Thos. Jones to Me. Habman Vebelst the
AcCOTANT AT THE GeOBGIA OfFICE, OlD
Palace Yaed. Westministee. Received 22

Jan. fott

Red
¦ WAxfSeal

Savannah Oct. 19, 1738

S'.

You will be informed by his Excell*^ the
General's Letter to y* Trustees, (of this Date)
what distressed Circumstances the Pciople are
under in this Colony, thro ' want of a Sufficient
Quantity of Provisions and other Necessaries
for their Support in the Store (having no other
Market to go to) and a great part of those
Provisions, w"". are most necessary, are dam
aged. I have little to add, But, That pursuant to
their Hono'°. Instructions, I went to Frederica,
(in my way hither) and caused their Order to be
affixed on y* Door of y Store-h*. there — When
I saw the bad-Condition some of the Stores were
in. And found Several Goods there, wMoh, I provmed.
thought not altogether So necessary for the
peoples Subsistence Such as Cinamon, Cloves
& other Spices. Hams at 6* ^ tr Dryed-Beef
at 5* ^ tr ; I asked M'. WMte whether he used
to Send M'. Causton an Acco' of Such Stores as
were most wanted at Frederica, Or did he

stores not

292

Colonial Recoeds

Mir. Thos. Jones to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Books of
accompts turned over
to Mr.
Jones.

(Causton) Send y" Stores discretionally, he
answered. That M'. Causton always Sent Such
Goods as he thought fit, but often damaged, and
many tMngs that the people there had no oc
casion for.
I called on M'. Causton at Oxtead (his Planta
tion) and deliver'd him a Letter from the Gen
eral. He told me, that he had a faithfull Ser
vant, whom he would dispatch to town, that
would take care of the Acco'^ and Effects in y*
Stores, he wanted not my Assistance, but if he
should have need of my Advice, he'd thank me
for it. — I was at Savanah Six days before he
came there (being indisposed)
Copies of their Hon'^ (the Trustees) Letters
which you Sent ^ Cap'. Piercy, to M'. Causton
and others had been received by them a Month
before our Arrival in Georgia the Contents
whereof were publicly known by all the Inhabi
tants at Savanah.
I had no Access to the Books untill the
General's arrival here, on the tenth Instant; at
which time I delivered Mr. Causton the Racquet
(w"^" you gave me for him) as ^ his Receipt
inclosed: (The General having ordered me to
deliver none of the Letters untill he came) —
His Excellency the next day ordered the Stores,
Books of Accompts &c to be put under my care-
I have put my Servant into the Storeh*. (M'.
Causton having likewise a Servant of his own
there) untill I can have the Goods inventoryed,
and their Quality examined.

Cobeespondencb 293

Mr. Thos. Jones to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Mr. Bradley
ill.

There are Four Clerks employed in Stating
y* Accompts (which are very confused) but
make a Slow progress therein One of y* Clerks, ^^'^5J|™e
(Hurst a Serv' to y* Trustees) who likewise was ^^|®
employed by M'. Causton in his private affairs fng^the"''
went away in the Night time privately, about
three weeks ago. Soon after I came here.
M'. Bradley would not enter into any Exami
nation of his Acco'^ with the Trastees before
the General came here, (he pretending Some
Engagem'^ of Ms Excellency to him) , but before
the General came, he (Bradley) was Seized with
a Violent Fever, which endangered his Life but
there are Some hopes of Ms Recovery; I fear
there will appear very great Waste & Misman
agem' in his Conduct his Debt to y* Store (M'.
Causton says) is very large, but I could not
have that Acco'. hitherto made out.
The General is of Opinion That all Such
Servants whom the Trustees contracted with to
feed & cloath have a just Demand upon the
Store for such provisions : I have laid by three servantsprov"'''"''
Months Provisions for the Servants (to be 'or.
issued as they have Occasion) least the other
Demands on the Store should exhaust all the
Provisions before that time : How their Hono'^
Order for winter Cloathing can be comply'd
with, I am at a Loss, there not being a Sufficient
Quantity of Cloth in y Store to do it.
I have nothing material to mention, otherwise
had done my Self the honour to write to the
honourable The Trustees, but could not omit

provided

294 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Thos. Jones to Mr. Harman Verelst.

this Opertunity of letting you know that I am
well in Georgia, and that
I am S'. Your most humble Serv'.
Thos. Jones.
P. S.
When the General ordered me for
Savanah, He empowered me to
secure M'. Causton 's person. If I
should find that there was any Sus
picion he would leave the Colony
but when I saw the Improvem'^ he
had made (by far the best in this
Province) I could not entertain any
such thoughts Yo'' ut Supra )
T. J.
[On a slip of paper attached to last sheet.]
Receiv'd October the 10'". 1738 of M'. Thomas
Jones a Paquet contaimng Lres & Papers
under the Seal of the Common Council of the
Hon"'*, the Trastees for Establishing Georgia in
America W- me T. Causton.

Cobeespondencb 295

Mr. Thos. Jones to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. Thos. Jones to the Accotant Me. Heeman
Vebelst at ye Geoegia Office. Rbc^. 22
Jan^^ fott. Savanah Goto'. 20'". 1738
S'. His ExcelP^. Gener" Oglethorpe having paid
unto Abro de Lean One hundred pounds part of
y* Sum of Two hundred pounds for w*". he
joyntly w'". D'. Sam' Nunes Dan' Nunes & Moses
Nunes of Savannah have given Bond for Re-
paym'. to the hon"'* Trustees, Which Bond &
Rec' for £ 100 I have in my Custody until I have
yours or y* Gen"s Directions — A Counterp' of
y* Receipt you have in one of y* parcells Sent
you. The General has advanced the S*. Sum
in compliance to the Trustees Desire mentiond
in your Lre I am

S'

Yo'. very Humble Servt
Tho Jones.

296 Colonial Recobds

Rev. Mr. Bolzius to Mr. Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Rev^. Me. Bolzius to Veeelst, Accomptant of
the Honoeable Teustees at London, desie-
iNG THE Teustees will coNTBiBurB to beect
AN OePHAN house AT EbENBZEE, AND PAY THE
PASSAGE OF 2 FAMILYS OF DUTCH SeEVANTS FOE
THEIE USB. Rec°. 23 Jan"s^. 1738-9.

Ebenezer Nov. 6'". 1738.

Dear Sir,

The Rev*. M'. Ziegenhagen has sent to me a
Copy of a Letter, which you have wrote to him
about the Money, which the Honourable Trus
tees have allow'd for Ruprecht Kalcher, Ser
vant to M'. Vatl. The said Money, wMch is 6 £
3 sh: lOd sterlv., is now placed to my Account
by M'. Causton, & I have satisfy 'd the said
Kalcher, who desired me to retum the Hon
ourable Trustees most humble Thanks for this
the"'o™h^- favour. I had the satisfaction of acquainting
General Oglethorpe with the Building & Inten
tion of our Orphan House beseeching Him for
some Assistance in Victuals & Clothings. He is
very we'll pleased by it, being perswaded of the
Necessity & great Use of it in regard to My
Congregation & other poor people, but having
no power to allow any tMng towards it without
the Consent of the Honourable Trustees, He ad
vised me to lay my humble Petition before them,
doubting not but they would find out some
Means for the Supporting the Orphan House,
for which He promised me to write himself some

Cobeespondencb 297

Rev. Mr. Bolzius to Mr. Verelst.

Intercession to them. Be pleased therefore;
good Sir to acquaint the Honourable Trastees
that I want their generous Assistance in the
maintaining our Orphans, Widows & other per
sons, who are imploy'd for the sake of the poor
Children, our Saltzburgers being now not yet
able to contribute any thing to it, tho' they are
very willing being persuaded of the Usefulness
of this Institution. Besides this I beseech congrega-
humbly the Honourable Trustees to approve rev'.Mr.*''^
graciously of the generous Design of General ®^°^J ^
Oglethorpe in shewing my Congregation a par- §S!"'ogie-
ticular Favour. I intreated him for 2 families °^^^'
of the Dutch Servants, which Cap Thomson
brought over to Georgia, whom we want very
necessary for being our Cowherds. Our Saltz
burgers intend unanimously to go tMs Winter
to their Works upon their Plantations, now fully
laid out by strict Order of the General, for
planting Rice & other kinds, & having a good
Stock of Cattle, which they allways use to keep
upon good Pasturages under the Care of some
Cowherds, for want of which they would loose
them as it happened in the Beginning of our
Settlement to some, or to have them Wild & of
a little use in the Woods, therefore they beseech
the Honourable Trastees to allow those 2 fami
lies, consisting in 5 heads, for the use of our
Town to be imploy'd for being our Cowherds.
I have engaged my self to the General to find Cowherds
Victuals, Cloathes & every thing, necessary for ^^^^^^^

them, intreating only the Honourable Trustees
to pay their Passage, which as the General
knows, neither I nor the Congregation is able

298 Colonial Recobds

Rev. Mr. Bolzius to Mr. Verelst.

to do. It is not to be doubted of, that tMs (jift
of the said Servants will redound to our Saltz
burgers great Advantage as well as to the said
Servants great Satisfaction & Welfare, being
now already mightily pleased & thankful to
God & men for being brought by the General's
Leave to my Congregation. M'. Gronan begs the
favour of you to recommend his inclosed Letter
to the Honourable Trustees. Pray present mine
& my Congregations most humble Respects to
them returning them many hearty Thanks for
the many Favours & Benefits, that are bestow 'd
heretofore upon us, being in Hopes, they will
generously add to the former Benefits tMs new
likewise of allowing us the said Servants gratis,
for wMch benefit we shall allways put up our
fervent Prayers to bless them with good Health,
long Life & happy Success in their praize-
worthy Undertakings. Please to accept my
hearty Wish & Prayers for your Happiness,
who am
Dear Sir
Your most hmn'ble Ser"".
John Martin Bolzius.

COEEESPONDENCE 299

Rev. Mr. Gronan to Mr. Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
The Rbv^ Me. Geonan to Mb. Vebelts desieing
THE Teustees Allowance of 30 £ disbuest
IN build of THE MiNISTBES HOUSE. ReCD. 23
Jan^. 1738-9. 0 RedWax

Seal]

Ebenezer 6'". November. 1738.

The minis-

Dear Sir.
My Duty obliges me to return the Honourable
Trustees most humble Thanks for their favour.
wMch they were pleased to shew me in allow
ing 10 £ Sterl : for my House, wMch now is built
by the Carpenters of our Congregation. It is
built so strong & convenient, that it ¦will stand
a very long time for being allways a Dwelling
House for a Mimster of the Gospel after my
Death. The Charges of it amount to 40 £ ter°s "house.
Sterl. & would have been some thing greater, if
not the Saltzburgers had done some Work
without demanding any payment. Being not
able by reason of my short Salary to bear the
Charges myself. I intreat the Honourable
Trastees to repay me generously 30 £ Sterl.,
which new Benefit will ingage me & other peo
ple, that wish me well, to beseech mericful God
for rewarding them manifold for it. Please to
present my most humble Respects to the Hon-

300 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Ziegenhagen to Mr. Vernon.

curable Trastees, which you would be please to
accept of
Dear Sir
your most humble Servant
Israel Christian Gronau.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Mb. Ziegenhagen 's Lettee to Me. Veenon.
Kensington Nov"', y" 8 1738.
Honoured Sir.
Being told yesterday at the Society by M'.
Newman, that you was retumed out of the
Countrey, I did intend to wait on you, in going
home to Kensington; but being prevented by
some accident intervening. I beg Leave to com
municate to you the inclosed abstract of a Letter
from the Rev*. M'. Urlsperger, the Contents
whereof I humbly recommend to your Honour's
Consideration, and that you would be pleased
to lay them before the Hon"'*, the Trastees, and
according to your wonted kindness and Favour
to the poor Saltzburgers at Ebenezer, to second
Mr. Urlspergers Motion. I am with great
Respect. Honoured Sir
your much obliged and
very humble Servant.
Fred : Mich. Zeigenhagen.

Cobbbspondence 301

Mr. Thos. James to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. Tho^. Jones to Me. Veeelst, the Acco'"'^'^.
Received 22 Jan. fott. Savannah Nov 12 1738.
S'. His Excellency, the General, has ordered me
to acquaint you. That among the many Charges
upon the Trustees above their Establishment.
One is. The Sending Colone'U CocMan's detach
ment of the Regiment from Savanah to the
Garrisons on the Frontiers, and building board- cocS-aii's
detachment
ed Hutts for them : part of the latter Eixpence of regiment.

Colon'll

was performed by the Trustees Servants, the
rest by hired men at a great Expence, this whole,
as it was for preserving the Troops, Should be
laid before the Parliament. The General apre-
hends that the extraordinary charges accruing
from the Water Carriage, and providing Cover
for above One Thousand persons, who came
over in the two regimental Embarkations will
amount to near one Thousand Pounds, but as
he cannot yet obtain the Acco'^ can Say nothing
certain about it.
I began to take an Inventory of the Trustees
Effects in the Store, the 24'". ult., which were
dehvered me by WUl: Ewen (M'. Causton 's
Servant) ; but on Saturday following. He,
(Ewen) together with Houston, One of y* absconded.
Clerks, went away privately for Carolina, and
are not yet retum'd On y* Monday following I
applied to M'. Causton; (as I did the three fol-

302 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Thos. Jones to Mr. Harman Verelst.

lowing days) That he would, pursuant to the
Trustees Order, proceed in delivering their
Effects into my care. His answer was That
he could do nothing therein without Will Ewen ;
who was entrusted with all that was in the
Stores — On Thursday I was informed that Mr.
Causton had Sold Some of his Live - Stock, And
had offered the whole to Sale — , That his Wife
had declared, they would Soon leave the Colony,
being invited thereto by their Friends. I imedi
ately applied to M'. Christie (the Recorder),
and gave Information on Oath before him of
the Reasons I had to Suspect, That M'. Causton
design 'd privately to withdraw from the Colony
without leave obtained, whereby the Trustees
would receive great damage; And having ob
taind his Warrant for aprehending him, (which
was done accordingly) had him before the Re-
^nde?^obi?." corder, where he entred into an Obligation with
to leave two Sureties, (M'. Parker & M'. Anderson) not
Colony. ' ^ _ '
to depart from y* Colony without the Trustees
Leave —
I advised the General of all that had hap
pened who, upon the Receipt of my Letter, came
in an Open Boat and arrived here at two in the
morning yesterday and after having dis
patch 'd an Officer to the Lieu'. Governor of
«^rpe°or-' Carolina, with Orders to aprehend, W°. Ewen,
Houston ' Houston & Hurst, one other of the Clerks (who
and Hurst ' ^
hendtd. had absconded some time before), And to bring
them Mther, returned immediately to the Fron
tiers, being obliged to do so, on Acco'. of the
following unfortunate Scituation of Affairs
there —

Cobbbspondence 303

Mr. Thos. Jones to Mr. Harman Verelst.

There was a Mutiny at S'. Andrews, of which
the following is the best Account I can get - ^mpY ™
The Soldiers from Gibralter were accustomed
to have provisions from the King besides their
pay, The King ordered them to have Six Months
Provisions at their Arrival here, which after
wards was to cease. That time being now almost
expired, The Gibralter Men in the Camp at S'.
Andrews, when the General went there, de
manded provisions and Several other things, in
a mutinous manner to which he gave a mild
Answer, but instead of being appeased, they
grew more out ragious, & would have crouded
into the Fort, broke an Officers' Sword, &
wounded him who Stopt them at the Barriers,
The General took one of them with Ms own
hands — being prevented from Securing the
Fort, they ran down to the Camp where they
took up Arms, and Strove to force the New
Soldiers to joyn them.
The General and Officers, (having nothing
but their wearing Swords) ran down to the
Camp to disperse them, before they could form ;
The General, himself, disarmed one of the
Ringleaders in the Mutiny, who fired upon him
So near that the Ball grazed above his Shoulder,
& the powder Singed his cloaths ; Cap' Debrisay
Seiz'd another as he presented, but mis'd fire,
at him : Capt Maccoy having wrested a loaded
piece from one of the Mutineers, fired, & wound
ed another, who that instant was levelling, &
fired a Shot at the General — The Officers
Secured Six of the Ringleaders and dispersed
the rest — The New raised men were at first

304 Colonial Recobds

John Crosse to Trustees.

frighten 'd by the Gibralter Men, but afterwards
came out to obey their Officers — The General
assembled all the men next day, without and
examined every one. Singly, whether their
Officers had treated them justly, they all Said,
They had no cause of Complaint against their
Officers, but that when their provisions were
Stopt, they were afraid they could not live upon
their pay.
There's a Court Martial to be held for the
Tryal of the Mutineers, As well as for a Differ
ence that is between Co" Cochran and Cap'
Maccoy. —
Cap' Dunbar who is going for Charles Town
being in haste, have no time to tidd, but that
I am w'". Respects
S'.

Yo'. very humble Serv'.
Tho. Jones.

Savannah.
Nov'. 12. 1738.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Feom John Cbosse, Junioe Consul.
Thencriffe Portorotava the 13th: Nov'. 1738.
Right Honourable
I have with much pleasure and particular
Esteem received the favour which your Honours

Cobbbspondence 305

John Crosse to Trustees.

have been pleased to do me dated the 7'". June The coiony
last, wherein ye are further pleased to express with' wine
and
the agreeableness of my proposal which came brandies.
too late for the present supplying of your new
Colony with this country wine, wherefore in
hopes of preventing the like disappointment for
the future I have been willing thus betimes to
anticipate tMs, being very desirous upon my
part of providing your said Colony hencefor
ward with whatever quantity of our wines of
any sort may be necessary for the annual con
sumption thereof, either upon your Honours
account or my own, in such parcells and at
such different times as may be most convenient,
in which latter case I am further willing to
¦deliver the wines not only freight free but like
wise filled up in Georgia at the same price as
those of Madera commonly cost Sterling money
according to a regular equitable medium such
as shall be fixed by my Brother and approved
by your Honours, notwithstanding our pipes are
above one fifth part larger than the others,
providing your Honours will please to order one
half of the cost or value of said wines to be
vested in such of our manufacture as my
Brother shall specify to come by the SMp which
he Charters to carry the wines, and the other
half upon delivery of said wines in Georgia to
be paid in the Native produce of the Province
namely Rice, Deerskins, furs &c*: or in defect
thereof bills for Great Britain, which proposal
I humbly conceive may be much moi'e agreeable
and advantagious to your Honours than your
present method of providing wines from Mad-

306 Colonial Recobds

John Crosse to Trustees.

era, abstracting from the tendency of said pro
posal to promite the consumption of our manu
facture as I have already intimated and have
taken the liberty to repeat unto General Ogle
thorpe, copy whereof is inclosed for your Hon
ours perusal and better timely deliberation
against our next vintage, this present as to the
best sort of Vidonias having proved much
shorter than expected wMch has already raised
the price thereof pretty much above what I for
merly mentioned and in all probability may still
more, notwithstanding which an of opinion may
not much exceed that of Madera by reason am
informed that their present vintage has likewise
failed much of their expectation, considering
especially the before mentioned advantage as to
the difference and size of our Cask.
I have chosen said expedient of fixing a price
for the wines purely from the view of exempting
your Honours from the usual unavoidable incon-
veniencies of long accounts, outstanding and
bad debts which are but too frequent in this
country as also from the like ineonvenieney of
any exorbitant price consequent either to the
uncertainty and frequent failure of our vintage
or demand of our Brandies in the Spanish West
Indies as being made of our Vidonias, all which
casualties I am willing to take upon my self,
purely likewise from the -view of having these
wines introduced into your new Colony prefer
ably at least if not exclusively to those of
Madera, as I have been the first and chief In
strument for near these twenty years past of

Cobeespondencb 307

John Crosse to Trustees.

getting them imported into all our American
Colonies upon the Continent from New England
to South Carolina.
In order to bring tMs affair to some certain
issue against next vintage I am further willing
upon my part to acqmesce with what your
Hon'^ shall please to order to be concerted with
my Brother to the end that by timely advice
either from your Honours or from him I may
the better take proper previous measures for
providing the best sort of Vidonias at the best
hands, assuring your Honours that whatever
may be Stipulated by him upon my behalf shall
be punctually complied, for which purpose it
will be highly necessary for me to know your
determination against the month of June next
when is the best time for taking such proper
previous measures mentioned against the en
suing vintage, by reason the Natives are fre
quently unprovided with cash fit for wine which
as frequently engageth them to put the same
into old ill seasoned musty pipes, whereby it
is render 'd unfit afterwards for exportation and
serves only for being distilled into Brandies,
wherefore they must be timely supplied with
proper pipes, and as the vintage of Vidonia be
gins in Aug', it will require some time to get
pipes made for the purpose which has neces
sarily engaged me to molest your Hon'^ with this
prolix relation upon the subject, and with the
reason of my desiring said timely notice that I
may have the pleasure of serving your Honours
with entire mutual satisfaction whether said

308 Colonial Recoeds

John Crosse to Trustees.

wines go for your account or mine. I had al
most forgot to acquaint you that as we com
monly SMp our Vidonia rackt, it is not con
venient to do so untill the month of Febry and
if happen to be SMpt sooner they go upon their
lees wMch is not so recommendable — I hope
your Honours will pardon me if I have failed
in your proper designation and treatment which
will be rectifyed per next if my Brother omitt
not to inform me - My hearty best wishes attend
the prosperity of your Colony wMch by the
present prospect of pacification will I hope
through the Divine Blessing be effectually
established upon a lasting and firm foundation,
I most Respectfully Salute you and traly as
Right Honourable
Your Honours most humble

& most Obedient Servant
John Crosse Junior Consul.

John Crosse to the Hon"'*, the Trustees for
EstablisMng the Colony of Georgia.
Thencriffe Portorotava the 24'". Nov'. 1738.
Right Honourable
The foregoing was desigji'd by a vessell
wMch parted very unexpectedly and on a sud
den from hence on the day of its date in such
hurry by reason of menacing bad weather that
I could not well engage the Master to stay till

Cobeespondencb 309

John Crosse to Trustees.

the transcribing thereof were finished and as
the same was wrote in much haste I shall now
endeavour to express myself to your Honours
upon the subject somewhat plainer tho with
some unavoidable repetition.
Being informed by the Master of a Ship on
board wMch I caused lately to load a small
cargo of tMs coimtry wine directly for Georgia
who is personally well acquainted with General
Oglethorpe that the laudable Original Constitu
tion of youf Colony is peculiarly founded upon
the like laudable views of maintaining its In
habitants with competent convemences only for
their subsistence and not with superflmties,
wMch in my humble opinion ought to serve for
an universal pattern to others, I suppose no
extraordii&ary great quantity of wines yearly
may suffice for that purpose especially in its'
infancy and till in progress of time said article
may become necessary for prosecuting of mu
tual Commerce either with the native Indians
or other neighbours whether of our own Colo
nies or those of t^e French and Spaniards, but
however that be I am truly ambitious of sup
plying them yearly either upon your Honours
account or my own and that either at a fixed
price as already proposed, or otherwise take
my fortune as to a market, with whatever quan
tity of this country wine of any sort, or Bran
dies may be necessary, whether for said con
veniency of" their subsistence or that of said
intercourse of Commerce without the necessity
of ingaging any other Merchant for that end,
as your Honours have been pleased to intimate,

310 Colonial Recoeds

John Crosse to Trustees.

to the contrary I would willingly have the sole
honour thereof, exclusive of any other, under
such regulations concerning the annual quantity
to be imported as your Honours or General
Oglethorpe shall please to direct, which exclu
sion I humbly conceive may be conformable to
your generous charitable views and the original
Constitution of your Colony, as it will be an
effectual expedient for preventing all unneces-
saray importation of said article either of wines
or Brandies, which are indeed no otherways
recommendable than as they are necessary only
and not superfluous.
I beg leave to assure your Honours that said
proposal proceeds not from any invidious prin
ciples, much less from those like odious ones
either of avarice or monopoly, but purely from
a particular propension of regard for your
Colony and in some measure from a point of
honour that as said affair is a Transaction
within the small Province where His Majesty
has graciously been pleased to do me that of
placing me. I humbly conceive myself in some
sort intitled thereby likewise to that of serving
your Honours upon this or any other occasion,
preferably to any other Subject either here or
at home, whilst with equal readiness and fidelity
I acquaint my self in whatever may promote
either the true Interest of your Honours or that
of your Colony, whose dignity and advantage I
humbly conceive it will equally be to supply
their neighbours with said article of wines and
Brandies, rather than that these should furnish
them therewith, for which purpose it may be

CoEEESPONDBNCB 311

John Crosse to Trustees.

proper that General Oglethorpe not only dis
countenance but prohibit the importation of any
other wine, or even of these unless directly fronr
hence by your Honour's order and permission
so far as may be consistent with the Constitu
tional liberties of your Colony and the generous
original views of it's foundation.
I am informed that the best Madera wines
last Summer cost from eleven to twelve pound
St', a pipe with all charges aboard, concerning
the certainty whereof your Honours "will be suf
ficiently apprized by those shipt upon your
transports wherefore I leave entirely to your
Equitable arbitrement the fixing of a just me
dium price if need be for those of this country,
considering the particular circumstances of be
ing delivered freight free and filled up in Geor
gia, as also the frequent casualty of short Vint
ages and other natural contingencies in Com
merce, which necessarily contribute to enhance
the price of wines, all which am willing to take
upon myself, and as a further pregnant proof,
of my ambitious eagerness to serve your Hon
ours upon this occasion I am likewise willing
that whatever wines may prove either unsound
or not merchantable, shall also be for my ac
count, in order to render my said proposal the
more acceptable, as for the rest or whatever
may be further necessary upon my part for con
cluding this affair or entering into mutual con
tract, I crave reference to what your Honours
shall please order to be concerted with my
Brother and friend M'. Alexander Dundas, for

312 Colonial Recobds
John Crosse to Trustees.
wMoh purpose I have furnished them with my
full power and procuration assuring your
Honours once more that whatever may be
transacted by them in my behalf shall be punc
tually performed, and particularly that great
care shall be taken in providing the very best
wines, which is another principal circumstance
with regard to their price.
If your Honours should decline having any
wines sent upon your own Account, I then flatter
myself with the honour of being permitted to
supply your Colony with those of this country
and likewise Brandies, not only preferably but
exclusively of any other persons either here or
at home; providing there be no repugnance
therein with regard to the Constitution of your
Colony as is already mentioned, which I dare
say will in progress of time be found to tend
much more to the good of your Colony and that
of Great Britain in general than any advantage
of mine in particular, my chief indncement
reaUy being a Stimulation of having Justice
done unto this neglected branch of Commerce,
as it deserves preferably to that of Madera, and
likewise of being instrumental therein prefer
ably also unto any other person either here or
at home for those Reasons likewise mentioned,
wMch I recommend to your Honours equitable
determination, and shall only add that I am
willing to contract for at least three or six years
certain and to prorogue the the [sic] term ac
cording as your Honours shall think proper and
mutual conveniency may require.

COEEESPONDENCE 313

John Crosse to Trustees.

Having thus far encroached upon your
Honours Benignity and patience I beg leave to
make one step further in craving your protec
tion and powerfull good offices conceming the
heavy losses which I have suffered by the late
insolent barbarous depredations of the Span
iards and their like barbarous reprizals since
the year 1718 whereby I have traly suffered
above fourty thousand pes of 8/8 principal be
sides the Interest thereof for above these
twenty years past, which has all actually and
effectively been delivered into the Spamsh
King's Royal Coffers as appears by Authentick
Vouchers in the Spanish Autos or writings
transmitted first unto His Majesty's Plenipo
tentiaries at the Congress of Cambray and Sois-
sons, and since lodged in the hands of His
Majesty's Commissaries at Madrid without any
redress hitherto, whereof am in great hopes at
present, as it is said to be Stipulated by the
late preliminaries of pacification that Spain is
to make a just compensation, wherein I d6ubt
not to participate especially of I merit your
Honours powerfull interposition in such a gen
erous act of common justice and patronizing of
me by means of my said Procurators, who are
likewise impowered by me particularly for the
purpose and will deliver to your Honours a copy
of my case, nothing being so sensible to me
amidst my said losses tho so very considerable,
as their being the chief cause of protracting my
present unhappy exile here so long in this un
christian like country, I beg pardon for this
prolixity which was unintended by me at first.

314 Colonial Recobds

James Oglethorpe to Alderman Heathcote.

and pray God to bless and prosper your noble
generous charitable undertaking as being witi,
great deference and profound Respect.
Right Honourable
Yo: Honours most Obed. Humble Serv':
John Crosse Junior Counsel.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Feom James Oglethoepe to Aldeeman
Heathcote. ffrederica 20 Nov: 1738.
Dear George
I am here in one of the most delightful Situa
tions as any man could wish to he. A great
number of Debts, empty Magazines no money
to supply them, Numbers of People to be fed,
mutinous Soldiers to Command, a Spanish
Claim & a large body of their Troops not far
from us. But as we are of the same kind of
Spirit these Difficulties have y* same effect
upon me as those you met with in the City, had
upon you. They rather animate than daunt me.
There is no doubt but that the Debts due to
The awful the Merchants & others for supporting the
indebted- . „ ,t , i -rx
Colon?' **'* Colony m the time of the greatest Dangers
ought to be paid for by the Parliament. Shall
they who ventured their Effects to prevent a

Cobeespondencb 315

James Oglethorpe to Alderman Heathcote.

Colony's being swallowed up by a Spanish In
vasion, be ruined for their Publick Spirit?
Shall the poor Men who are here in Garrison in
the Trustees Service, on the utmost Frontiers
of America starve for want of the Pay which is
due to them. I am perswaded the Commons of
England will never think so. If the Trustees
will but concert and apply to Parliament for a
sufficient Sum, they certainly will succeed. It
is the Interest of the Merchants who have the
Certified Accounts to assist them. The Parlia
ment ought to enable the Trustees to pay these
Debts. for the following reasons. They granted
20,000 £ for the whole Expence of the Colony,
but when they separated the Military from the
Civil, they granted but £ 8,000 for the Civil Ex-
pence, supposing that a Regiment would arrive
there which would take off the Military Ex-
pence; but it was near a year before the Regi
ment arrived, all which time the Trustees Offi
cers were obliged to continue the Expences for
the Defence of the Province by maintaining the
Militia who were under Arms, by paying Scout
boats. Rangers and Garrisons, and supplying
the Indians with Arms, Amunition and Neces
saries, in order to keep them in readiness
against the Spanish Invasion.
These measures occasioned Debts, but these
measures preserved the Province & frustrated
the Attempts of the Spaniards from Cuba &
Augustine, nay, even prevented their daring to
attack so much as one Out Post.
But supposing on the Contrary, y* Trustees

316 Colonial Recoeds

James Oglethorpe to Alderman Heathcote.

Servants here had not ventured to buy Provis
ions on Credit, but had on the Ceasing of the
Military Establishment, and before the Arrival
of y* Regim'. abandoned the Garrisons; the
Spaniards might then have taken possession of
them without so much as an Hostility and the
Nation would have had no Remedy, but apply
ing to Commissaries or Entering into a War.
These Measures therefore ought to be justified,
and the Parliament, if apphed to, will doubtless
enable the Trustees to pay those who so frankly
resqued their Substance for the Publick Service.
I need not conjure you by your friendsMp to
me, for I know you own Public Spirit will make
you animate our friends to apply to Parliament,
and push for such a Supply as may pay the
Debts and continue to support the Improve
ments of the Colony. I shall add nothing more
than to assure you that in whatever part of the
World I am, neither Distance nor time can les
sen the sincere affection I have for you, & hope
you will believe me to be
Your most obedient &
most humble serv'. James Oglethorpe.
Alderman Heathcote

Cobeespondencb 317

Mr. Stephens to Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. Stephens to the Honoeable the Teustees.
Rec^. 29 Jan^^"^. 1738.
Savannah 21 Nov: 1738.
Honourable Gentlemen
My last was the 27'". Sept', w'" a Supplement
of the 29'". D° ; Coppy whereof I send herewith,
together with my Journal continued to this day
inclusive ; in wMch Journal, reference being had
to my Notes of the 30'". Sept'. & the 9'". and 16'"
of Oct', 'twill appear how unfortunate it proved
y the Packett I had then sent, met with such
unexpected delays ; & by what SMp it since went,
I have yet rec* no advice ; w°" indeed has given
me much uneasiness : but I assure my self the
Attorney General has taken due care in it, to
whom by your orders I recommended it: well
hoping now y'. the Season being come again,
when Ships will be more frequently going for
Eingland than for a while past, we shall not
again be so far to seek for opportunitys, as we
have lately been. 'Twas for that reason I suf
fered the time to pass to an unusual length
since my last without writing; being well in
formed there was no prospect of any SMp likely
to sail, till about this Season.
I am now to acknowledge the rec'. of several
letters & papers since come to hand, viz by Cap'.
Thomson on the 15'". Oct'. 2 Boxes directed to
ine, enclosing a great number of letters, partly
for the people of this place, & partly for the

318

Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Stephens to Trustees.

Perplexed
state of
affairs.

Inquiryinto Mr.
Causton's
accounts.

South; w"". Boxes, the General being then in
Town, were very rightly carried to his Quarters,
where he readily found such as immediately ap-
pertaind to himself; & such as were directed to
me, I took ; the dates whereof were the 4'". & 11'".
of Aug ; & since, by the arrival of Cap' Ried at
Charles Town the 17'". of Oct', I had from
thence 2 Originals of the 4'". Aug. whereof those
I rec* by Cap' Thomson were Coppys. Tha
Acc'^ of Provisions & Necessarys rec*, & Credit*
given by M'. Causton since Midsummer 1737,
came to hand also in Duplicates by those 2
Ship; Mess'^. Crockatt and Seaman Partners,
sending me from Charles Town what came by
Cap' Ried, with a letter acquainting me twas
directed to their care.
The present State of affairs here is such, &
so perplexed, that 'twould require an abler pen
than mine, to give a full detail of it : wherefore
out of great Superabundance, I must content
my self with a few observations of w' I appre
hend more immediately requisite to offer, for
your Honours consideration and the enquiry
now making into M'. Caustons Acc'% drawing
most peoples attention, to see what the Issue of
that will be ; wherein also I have your particular
Commands to learn as far as I can, what rea
sons (if any) can be given for divers Steps
taken by him, as in your letter of the 4 of Aug
is specifyd. I have diligently sought to discover
what secret purposes might carry him such
lengths, as it appears he went, in buying Pro
visions for the Stores to an uncommon degree,
& many things even to be thought not necessary.

Cobbbspondence 319

Mr. Stephens to Trustees.
wherein, tho ' I cannot in my own private opin
ion vindicate his proceedings, knowing himself
exceeding your Orders ; yet in common Justice ;
I am oblidged to say y' I have not been able
Mtherto to trace any marks of Fraud, or any
collusion with the Sellers of such Provisions ; g^ ,^j. j^^
but so far as I yet perceive, it has been owing fraud. °*
to an unadvised rash Judgment of Ms own,
which (to speak plainly) he might err in the
sooner for an overweening conceit of his sup
eriour Discernment to others, who perhaps
would have been better advised before they had
ventured so far. As I saw no likelyhood of my
coming soon at any further knowledge of this
matter, I believed twould not be amiss to at
tempt in a little free conversation with him,
how far any Judgment might be formed from
what answers he would give to such Questions
as I should put to him thereon; w"". I would do
as from my self, tho' in Substance the same as
I rec* fro mYour Honours : I did so at a fit Op
portunity ; & soon afterwards put in writing, as
far as I could comprehend what he meant viz
he told me that all the Goods mentiond in the
certifyd acc'^ as deliver'd to particular persons,
are charged to their respective acc'^; by which
the reasons for so doing, will appear fully when
those Acc'^ are perfected: that he thought it
necessary for him to buy what Provisions came
to Market, because we knew not how soon it
might be out of our power to come at any;
wherefore in keeping the Stores full, he kept
the people together, from dispersing till the
Kings Forces arrived: that many of the Goods

320

Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Stephens to Trustees.

C5ontentlons
between
Mr. Jones
and Mr.
Causton.

supposed to be not necessary have been found
SO; as well for discharging Establishments in
Specie, as also for issmng (with a reasonable
advance in the Price) instead of mony to dis
charge the necessary expences of the Colony;
whereby the peoples Wants have been supplyd
cheaper than from common Hucksters. These,
as near as I could collect y", were such reasons
as he thought proper to give for what I asked
him in free conference betwixt ourselves : what
Weight those reasons carry with 'em I humbly
submit As I must presume M'. Jones will par
ticularly inform Your Honours, wt. Loss may
have been sustaind by provisions that have
proved not well when brought ; or been spoyled
for having been kept too long in Store ; I would
rather chuse to leave it to Mm, than send an
imperfect ace' or such as I could not warrant:
some Wast cannot easily be prevented, in such
Quantitys of many Mnds : & some w°". M'. Jones
called me to see; when brought together, ap
peared to be a considerable quantity of dryd
Beef, Tongues, Hams, &c, quite wasted : among
y* Woollen goods also, some of Old standing I
observed had rec* damage from the Rats and
Moth: but I conceive the Loss in that Article
will not be very grievous or extraordinary. In
the mean while the enquiry into those Books &
Accounts, is carried on with all the appearance
of Dispatch that may be; and with uncommon
Rigour, M'. Causton says; which he often com
plains of, and his being personally ill treated
by M'. Jones : but I avoid, as much as possible,
medling in those contentions; & only observe, y'

Cobbbspondence 321

Mr. Stephens to Trustees.

M'. Jones possibly might without prejudice to
the publick, lay aside a little of that Heat,
wherewith he sometimes appears to be actuated :
and M'. Causton may consider now, whether in
time past, he has not given cause to others for
the like complaint, when Ms power was so
extensive. Whatever be the Event, I truly
think that in case he should appear culpable
in breach of his Trust, he 'has shewn no tokens
of regard to the Parable of the unjust Steward,
by making Friends with the unrighteous
Mammon ; for I fear that but Few would lament
his Fall in tMs place ; so many has' he disobliged
in giving way to those tormenting Passions of passions of
Jealousy and Revenge. This I say, not out of i^d°revenge
anv ill Will ; for in truth I bear him none, but by Mr.
" _ _ ' Causton.
I sincerely wish he may acquit himself perfectly
to the satisfaction of his Constituents, & every
one else.
The Cargo of Forreigners w*"" Cap' Thomson
brought with him, came at a very unlucky time
to him; when so few of the Inhabitants were
able to purchase Servants: but through the
Generals Favour in allowing Credit to divers ^°"^^
who are likely to make a right use of them,
about half are taken off the Captains hands
here ; and the Remainder he hopes thro ' the like
kind assistance, to dispose of in the South. Let
me not offend, if on this occasion I offer a poor
opinion of my own, relating to severar importa
tions of Foreign Servants into this Province;
which I presume to do from what I have heen a
pretty close Observer of and so far as concerns
the Publick in what Benefit the Trust are to

A cargo of
ers.

322 Colonial Recobds

Mr. Stephens to Trustees.

expect from many of 'em; I am perswaded in
my self, that had they had their Freedome the
first day they came ashore w'". each of them a
piece of Land to sit down on; & (add to aU tMs)
even some small allowance also for their Sup
port a little wMle out of your Stores; they
would ere now have shewn their industry in
clearing and cultivating a good Tract of Land,
and found their labour weU recompenced, as
well as the Country been more improved abun
dantly, tis certain from experience, they wiU
work heartily for themselves; and 'tis as cer
tain, & mamfest, that very few of them will take
due pains for others or be driven by them; but
Hke Hudibras's horse, the more his Master us'd
Like HudL the Spur, the less the sullen Jade would stir :
bras'shorse. tMs I See daily verifyed with relation to the
Trust Servants; some few, but very few in
stances excepted, and as for those who are in
private Service, we hear continual complaints
from one or other of their laziness, &c: Never
theless, it must be o-wn'd there is much differ
ence to be found in regard to the several Coun
trys they came from ; and therein I must a:bso-
lutely give the preference, for Sloth and stub
bornness, to those people who came with Cap'.
Hewett last Winter; whom the Trust had so
large a share of, & have found so little benefit
from whether in Farming, or domestick labour
in the Town : so far as yet appears, it must be
said these poor people that came now with Cap'
Thomson, are as promising for diligence, at
least as any I have seen among all y' came be
fore 'em ; but I fear their labour will be hardly

COEEESPONDENCE 323

Mr. Stephens to Trustees.

tantamount to the support of so many old oid women
Women and Children as are among 'em ; unless children.
we can happily see such employd hereafter in
the silk manufacture, or such like ; w*" there is
good grounds to hope for.
I do not find y' the use of the Crane, w*" you
are pleased to take notice of to me, has twind to The use of
much benefit of the Publick by appropriating
the Hire of such as workd at it for private uses
to that End; for it has been usual w'" Masters
of Vessels, great or little, who imported Goods
for private persons, to work the Crane with
hands of their own: but as your Expectations
are now known, I hope they'll be observ'd.
Your Commands relating to Oakes, who is
apprentice to Young the Wheelwright, were
obeyd carefully; as you'll please to observe in
my Joumal of yesterdays date.
I am sorry y' in more places than one of that
Joumal, I thought my Duty obliged me to take
notice of the Discord arisen betwixt M'. Norris ™|^^ Mr^'
and M'. Habersham; wherein I offer'd my poor Mrf^Haber-

opimon, what I thought to be the real cause; &
tis with perfect impartiality. M'. Habershams
care of the School is unexceptionable; and I look
on Mm as a diligent and useful Man in divers
capacity's M'. Whitfield when here, by his
preacMng and assiduously applying Mmself to
promote Piety, had greatly won the hearts of
his Hearers ; wherein I hope I did Mm Justice,
by representing Mm to Your Honours in a due
light at Sundry times, such as I thought (and
still think) he deserved but the Misfortune

sham.

324 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Stephens to Trustees-.

seems to lie in this' that the Fraternity (whereof
if I am rightly informed he is one) seem to
speak and think lightly of the Generality of the
Clergy of the Church of England, & condemn
them for Indolence &c (not to say worse) in
consequence of wMch They would be magnifyd.
as men of more Zeal in Religion; w°" they are
apt to carry to too great a length, as I conceive ;
and even to assume the power of opening &
shutting the Gates of Heaven. M'. Whitfield
himself, as I apprehend, seems to pay so great
Compliment on his Brethren of the Clergy, in
his preface to a Sermon preached at Bristol on
„ ,^.. the Necessity of a new Birth and Men of such
Mr. Whit- •'
new birth*''® Sentiments ought the less to be wondered at, if
they dislike another, who in some Points of
Doctrine, may not think altogether alike with
themselves; especially if such person happens
to fill the Pulpit w*" they would choose for their
own: w''" I take to be in a great measure, the
case here, tho' M'. WMtfield is absent; M'.
Habersham often professing in all Conversation
that they were formed into a Society by the
Appellation of Friends; whom nothing in this
World could separate; & whatever One of 'em
said tother would maintain: wherefore it is
pretty plain from hence y' M'. Norris was to ex
pect no Quarter from them. As to my self,
whilst M'. "V^Tiitfield was among us, I was want
ing in no due regard to him, nor esteem for him
and now M'. Norris succeeds, who is so well re
commended & authentically appointed; I shall
endeavour wMlst he continues to behave as
Mtheyto he hath done, to shew him all the

Cobeespondencb 325

Mr. Stephens to Trustees.

marks of Friendship I can : & do my utmost to
see y' he is well supported; w*" I tMnk theres
little appearance that he'll stand in in need of,
since he rises daily in the good opimon of most
people of Sense.
I purposed to have added a few other matters,
w*" my present thoughts suggested to me as
proper to be laid before your Honours ; but am
unhappily broke in upon by the arrival of Ser
geant Mckenzie, with a large Paclcett from your
Office, containing various Dispatches & letters,
as well for the General now at Frederica, as
others both in the South and North parts of the
Colony Among wMch I am now too traly in- The cer-

sey's death.

formed of the certainty of Collonel Horseys coi. Hor.
Death, which before we were unwilling to give
Credit to. The Loss of so valuable a Friend
demands a Debt of Nature, which Grief usually
pays ; and you'll be so good to forgive me, if at
present I break off here, and lay hold on the
next first opportunity of addressing Your Hon'^
farther, whom am
Honourable Gentlemen
Your most Obedient humble Servants.
Will Stephens.
To the honorable
the Trustees.

326 Colonial Recoeds

Gen. Oglethorpe to Mr. Harman Verelst.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Gen^. Oglethoepe to Me. Haeman Veeelst,
AccoT^NT_ j^j;ci>. 15 Feb. 1738.
Frederica in Georgia
Nov: 22*. 1738.
Sir I cannot yet get M'. Causton's Balance of
Account, nor can I be sure of the Debts due in
EirtFand Georgia ; every day fresh Demands come in. By
expenses. my bcst guess there is above £ 8000 due in Geor
gia, besides the Certified Accounts. The ex-
pence here of the Year, for the Improvements
of the Colony, the Civil Government, and Pres
ents to the Indians cannot be brought under
£5000 for the year. The Trustees Stores will be
no Assistance at all towards it, since they have
been ordered to be issued in Payment of Debts
at Savannah I have desired M'. Jones to draw
out a Particular of all the Expences that are
absolutely necessary. [1 hope therefore that the
Trustees will apply to Parliament for a Sum
sufficient to pay the Certified Accounts, the
Debts incurred here, and to provide for the
Charges of the year. | They will be the best
Judges how much that Sum must be. [I reckon
the Military Expence of the year between the
ceasing of the Military Establishment and the
Arrival of y" Regiment, might amount to
£ 12,000,) I reckon therefore the Debts Certified
and uncertified that are unpaid, must amount to
near that Sum; and the Expence of the year

Cobbbspondence 327

Gen. Oglethorpe to Mr. Harman Verelst.

from my Arrival this November to the 1^'. of
next November will be £ 5,000. If the Ti-ustees
think that the sum of £ 17,000 is more than they
can obtain from Parliam'. they will do what
they think best, but if y* Parliam'. does not pay
the Debts, It will not only be impossible to sup
port the Colony at all, but the Misery of the
poor people who came upon their own Expences
& trusted their little Fortunes upon the Publick
Faith, will be. inexpressible. The Clamour also
of the Merchants who furnished Provisions
&c^. in the time of the Span"" Alarm upon seeing
the Necessity of supporting y* Colony, will be
very great.J I should therefore move the Trus
tees to insist upon a Sum sufficient to pay the
Debts and support the Colony, and I am so
perswaded that the Parliament will grant such
a Sum, that I venture upon paying all the neces
sary Expences here out of my own Pocket, with
out drawing on y" Trustees or charging them
with any Debt, till I hear of y* Determination of
Parliament, which I fear will be near Six
months, and in which time I fear I shall have
expended (though I shall use the utmost
economy) near £ 2,500.
I have paid £ 100 pursuant to the Trustees
order to Lyon, to enable him to carry on y* Vine
yards, I sent you by my last Letter his Receipt,
& I have secured the other £ 100 to him. I have
paid at Savannah ab'. £ 400 part in purchasing
Provisions for the supplying of the most neces
sitous People, part for making up Presents to uie^'indians.

328 Colonial Recoeds

Gen. Oglethorpe to Mr. Harman Verelst.

the Indians. Four Kings of whom, with great
numbers of Warriours and attendants 80 in all
came down there to meet me and to assure me
of their Fidelity to His Majesty, and that they
had rejected the Spanish Offers.
I have ordered the account of the Issues of
J" Indian Presents to be made out and sent to
you. I have sent you also an Acknowledgement
signed by the Officers, who arrived with the first
part of the Troops, of their having Boats fur
nished to them, & boarded Hutts built for them
at the Trustees Expence, which is demandable
from Parliament. I have not been able to get
in yet the particular account, but the whole must
amount to above £ 1000, for the Regiment and
all the persons belonging to them amounted to
above 1000, and the Hutts and Boat hire for
them and such a quantity of Stores as came ovet
cannot be reckoned at less than 20^ Charge ^
head, one with another I have delivered the
yawl to the Pilot for to be a Pilot boat, accord
ing to y* Trustees order. I have ordered Copies
of the Wast book kept at the Store in Frederica
to be made out & sent over to you every month
from the time of my coming over. There is not
hands to post up after the Italian manner of
book keeping, but I suppose if you have a Wast
book sent over you may do that in London. I
hope if y* Parliam'. makes a Grant that the
Trustees will imediately send Sola Bills for

Cobeespondencb 329

Mr. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

what they intend should be the Expence of the
year. I am
Sir Your very humble
Servant James Oglethorpe
Inclosed I send you an ace'.
of y Mutiny at S'. Andrews
and a letter to M'. Holland
w*". if he is not in Town you
may open and read & com
municate to y* Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Mr. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst, Accomp
tant to the Honourable the Trustees for
Establishing the Colony of Georgia at their
Office near the House of Lords. Westminis
ter. Received 29 Jan. 1738.
Red Wax Seal , Savannah 22 Nov : 1738.
Dear S'.
The Packett I rec*. yesterday which was sent
by Sergeant Mckenzie; wherein I found your
letter of the 11'". D", and the Coppy likewise of

330 Colonial Recobds

Mr. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

the Bill of Loading of sundry Goods consignd
to Mess". Crockatt and Seaman at Charles
Town, w°". came by Cap' Nicholson &c what
other letters and Dispatches were containd in
that Packett, due care will be taken of — But
unhappily there I found also the Fatal News
confirmed, of my good Friend Collonel Horsey 's
Col. Horsey. Death: to whioh what can I say* Leves loqun-
tur Cure, Ingentcs stupent: so said a Heathen
PMlosopher from the light of nature: but a
Greater than He, who was Divinely inspired,
had said on the like occasion. I became dumb, &
opend not my Mouth, for tis Thy Doing. We
are forbid to repine at the Dispensations of
Providence : but surely we may grieve lawfully,
when Nature prompts reasona^bly ; why else was
that Passion implanted in us ? Indeed I cannot
but lament his Death; the man whom I loved;
and whose Neighbourhood in this part of the
World I pleased my self often in imagining
might conduce to our future Comfort. Such is
my Loss — but when I read Ms Sons letter,
which I am f avourd within the same Packett, my
heart is ready to bleed at the thoughts of how
much greater a Loss hi.s mournfull Family sus-
tain.s, which he left behind. Be so good when
you see 'em to present my Respects in the most
tender manner, letting them know, y' as I truly
condole with them, so I shall always be ready to
testify the same good Will to the family, as
when my Worthy Friend lived, by all the little
Offices I am capable of. Gen" Oglethorpe is at
present in the South: as soon as he returns

COEEESPONDENCE 331

Mr. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Mther, w*" we expect will be in few days, I shall
ask his leave and advice about going for Ch:
Town, in order to promote what M'. Horsey has
requested of me ; wherein I wish greatly y" Suc
cess may attend my endeavours as effectually
as they'll be undertaken heartily. Then I shall
write to Mm ; till then Words alone being little
Relief. I had it in my thoughts to have troubled you
now, w'" a Story concerning my own affairs ; but
this melancholly occasion made me lay it aside
to another time, when I shall not hesitate to un
bosom myself to you in a few particulars, whom
you have taught me to esteem my true Friend,
and so I sincerely do.
Please to present my Duty to My Good Lord
Egmont: his kind remembrance, and Notice of
an Old depressed Man, gives me fresh Vigour
when I read it : I wish I were capable of serving
^ ° A model
Mm m any thing. The Potter has the Model ^^g^,'^
from his Lordship of the Flower Pot, & the coSntlls for
Coffe cup from his Countess, both before him;
w*" he has been chewing upon some days; but
has not yet fully told me what can be done in
it ; I hope in my next to acquaint you how far
he is capable of performing.
I am S'. Your Real humble Servant
Will: Stephens.

the potter.

332 Colonial Recoeds

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
P. s.
The little Boy y' you sent for a Servitude
here was delivered me by the Serg': of whom
more hereafter.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Copy of a Lettee of the Saltzbuegee's at
Ebbnezeb to the Rev^. M^. Senioe
Uelspebgee.
Hochehrwurdiger Sehr theurer und Wehrter Vater in Christo,
Wir unterschriebene Saltzburger und andere
unsere Bruder in Ebenezer erinnern uns oft
zum Lobe Gottes des vielen liebl: und geistl:
Guten, so von Eur. Hochehrwurden uns armen
nicht nur in Augspurg reichlich an Seel und
Leib wiederfahren, sondern uns auch von zeit
zu zeit bisz nach America gleichsam nachgeflo-
zen ist. Gelobet sey der Herr unser Gott fur
alle dem Seegen, den Sie uns ertheilet, fur alle
die gute Ermahnungen und Trostungen, die Sie
uns mundlich und schrifl: gegeben, fur alle
recht hertzl. Vorsorge, furbitte, fursprache
und vaterl. Gewogenheit, deszen Sie uns bisher
immer gerwurdiget, davon wir den Nutzen bisz-
her reichl. gespuhret und noch taglich spuhren.
So lange ein Othem in uns ist, wollen wir nicht
unterlaszen den barmhertzigen Gott ein jeder
fur sich und un tereinander anzuflehen er woUe
Ihre Werke im Glauben, ihre Arbeiten in der
Liebe und ihre Geduld in der Hoffnung in

Cobeespondencb 333

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
diesem und jenem Leben mit einer Gnaden-
reichen seligen Vergeltung kronen und uns arme
einmaM, wenn unser Lauff und Pilgrimschaft
zu Ends seyn wird, mit Ibnen ais unserm geistl.
Vater vor das Angesicht seiner Herlichkeit un-
strafl: mit freuden darstellen: wie wollen wir
doch hemach mit verklartem Munde ohne Sunde
unsere Erbarmer fur alle die barmhertzigk:
loben, die Er uns durch Ihren Dienst zum Heil
unserer Seelen und auch zum leibl: besten
erwiesen hat. Gott hat es gewiss gut mit uns
gemacht, dasz er uns sicher nach Ebenezer
gefuhret, welches er uns jetzt immer bezzer
erkennen laszt, daher wir uns zu schamen
Ursache haben, dasz wir im Anfange mit seinen
weisen und guten Fuhrungen nicht recht zu-
frieden gewesen, er hat uns aber die biszherige
oft harte, doch nie zu harte sondern gutgemeinte
Prufungen durch seine Gute uberstehen helfen,
und hat angefangen auch im leiblichen mit zeit-
licher Nahrung und so zu segnen, dasz wir uns
sehr versundigen warden, wenn wir klagen und
nicht zufrieden seyn wolten. Es ist keiner unter
uns armer worden, sondern jeder hat sonder-
lich seit der letzten Erndte so viel aus der Hand
Gottes empfangen, ais er zu seiner Nothdurft in
diesem Jahre brauchen mochte, und solte etwas
an EQeidung und Lebens-Mittein fehlen, so
wirds dem lieben allmachtigen Gott ein leichtes
seyn, uns einen leibl. Segen von andem Orten
her zufliessen zu laszen, ¦wie uns denn aus den
letzten Briefen, die an unsere liebe Lehrer
geschrieben sind, eine schone Hoffnung gemacht
ist, dasz wir mit Leinwand und andere notMgen

334 Colonial Recobds
The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
dingen aus Augspurg und Halle beschenckt
werden soUen, wofur wir billig seinen heiligen
Nahmen imd gnadige Vorsorge demutMg
preisen. Die Frucht von Ihrem und anderer
f rommen Lehrer Gebete haben wir nicht nur in
dem empfangenen mancherley WoMthate
Gottes, die uns Mer wiederfahren, und auch
wohl of uber die See nachgescMkt worden ver-
spuhret, sondern wir sehen es auch ais eine
Frucht Ihrcs hertzl. Gebets an; dasz wir yetzt
wieder vermuthen und denken, da das zur Stadt
gehorige Land sehon ausgemeszen, aber mois
tens von schlechter Beschaffenheit gewesen, ein
solch gut Land am Habercornsche flusse ohnge-
fehr 1^ Stunden von Ebenezer bekommen
haben, welches wir uns nicht beszer wunschen,
dabey es in Ansehung unsers Gottes-Dienstes so
wird konnen eingerichtet werden, dasz wir das
Wort des Herm so reichlich ais biszher werden
horen konnen, indem einer von unsern lieben
Lehrern mit uns dorthin ziehet, wo die meisten
Glieder beysammen in Einer Gegend, zieml.
nahe beyeinander leben werden. Wenn wir
bedenken, wie viel Gutes der gute fromme Gott,
bisher durch sein heilig Wort an unsere Seelen
gethan, wie liebreich Er uns die gantze Zeit
uber, da wir in Ebenezer gewesen, den gantzen
Reichthum seiner Gnade durchs Evangelium
angetragen, und wie treulich er auf solche
Weise an unserm Hertzen zu unserm einigen
Heil gearbeitet hat, konnen wir nicht anders ais
es fur eine gantz besondere Wohlthat achten,
dasz wir so nahe zusammen kommen, und ohne

Cobeespondencb 335

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
in unserm auserl : Berufe gehindert zu werden,
den offentl: Gottes Dienst und Betstunden zu
unserer Erbauung ferner besuchen konnen.
Kurtz: der Herr hat Groszes an uns gathan,
und fahret mit seiner Gute und Vorsorge immer
fort: und well wir verschiedene von unsern
Freunden und Brudern in Reiche wiszen,
welche in der vorigen zeit geneigt gewesen sind
auch hieher nach America zu reisen, so bitten
wir Eu. Hochehrwurden, solchen Kund thun
zu laszen, dasz es uns under der Vorsorge
unsers Mmmlichen Vaters in geistl. und leibl.
woMgeht, und wunsehten daher nach der Liebe
die wir zu ihnen, ais unsern Landes-Leuten
haben, dasz sie bey uns waren. So viel ais man
menschl. Weise vorher vermuthen kan, so
wurden Sie ihr Auskommen hier schon fin-
den, und batten fur uns, die wir in ein wustes,
unbekantes Land gekommen sind, und erst aus
der Erfahrung mit mancherley Schaden und
Hinderung unserer Nahrung vielerlei lernen
muszen, mancherley Vorzuge zu genieszen. Das
Land ist voUig ausgenieszen, dasz sie also
gleich, so bald sie ankommen, drauf arbeiten
konnen, da wir Mngegen lange zeit kein eigen
Land gehabt und viele Arbeit fast vergeblich
thun muszen. Sie finden hier laute bekante
Leute, welche Ihnen mit Bath und That an die
Hand gehen wurden, und konnten wir ihnen aus
der Erfahrung, die wir etwan diese zeit uber
erlangt, bald sagen, wie see sogleich ihre Arbeit
mit Vortheil und guten Nutzen angreiffen
konten, da hingegen wir aus Mangel der Erfa-

336 Colonial Recoeds

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
hung manchen Schaden und Hindemisz gehabt.
Wegen der Vieh-Zucht ist jetzt alle gute Ein-
richtung gemacht, woven Sie gleichfals groszen
Vortheil batten. Wir haben jetzt unter gottl.
Seegen bey 200 Stuck Rind Vieh auszer Schwei-
nen und Feder Vieh. Wir haben im Anfage
uns wegen unsere Wohnungen zeimlich schlect
behelff : muszen, indem in New Ebenezer noch
niehts gebauet war, Jetzl aber wurde man Alle
die herkommen mochten mit Freuden in die
schon gebauete Hutten und Hauser aufnehmen,
biz sie selbst in der Stadt auf einem Hausz-
platz, den sie sich selbst auslesen konten, etwas
fur such gebauet haben. Wir genieszen Mer alle
christl. Preyheit in Religious - Saehen und im
auszerl. Leben, sind Niemands Kneohte, kon
nen alle unsere Dinge auf s beste und bequemste,
ais es uns gut dunket; einrichten, Nicmand
darff uns beschwerlich seyn, und ist also zwis-
ehen einem freye Hauss-Wirthe in Ebenezer,
and zwischen einem Dienst-Boten in Teutsch-
land, wenn er auch eine gute Herrschaft hatte,
ja auch zwischen einen Bauers Mann und
Hauss Wirth daselbst, ein groszer Unterschied.
Zu den Vorzu(g,en unsers Orts und Gemeine
gehoret dieses mit, dasz uns der H. E. General
Oglethorpe nur neulich wieder ohne unser
Gesuch die gnadige Versicherung geben lassen,
dass Niemand an unsern Ort ziehen und sich
unter uns setzen soil, er wird denn von uns und
unsern Lehrern selbst vorgeschlagen und re-
commendirt. Konten also unsere Landes-Leute
wie wir, freyhergeschickt, auf 1 Jahr mit Pro
vision, such wo mogl. mit etwas Handwork

Cobeespondencb 337

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
Zeug und mit Vieh versehen werden so glauben
wir, sie werden, wo sie Gott furchten und ihren
Beruff treulich abwarten wollen, schon hier ihr
Stucklein Brodt und Unterhalt finden. Es
wurde sehr vergnugt und angenehm seyn wenn
unser Ort mit lauter solchen Lenten, denen es
nur zuforderst um die Errettung ihrer Seelen
zu thun ware, und die sich durch ihrer Hande
Arbeit ehrlich und endlich nehren wollen, be-
setzt wurde, wir wurden denn ais Bruder in
groszen Vergnugen und Frieden beysammen
leben. Reichthum und gute Tage sucht kein
wahrer Christ in der Welt, und wer dies hier
in Ebenezer suchen will, muss wegbleiben, wer
aber mit Nahrung und Kleidern und also seines
liebes Nothdurft zufrieden ist, dem kan man es
rathen, herzukommen. Doch musz er es erst
mit Gott im herzl. Gebet wohl uberlegen, damit
er nicht in seinem Eigen- Willen, sondern nach
Goltes-Willen herziehen; ist man davon uber-
zeugt, so ist man mit Allem, was Gott gibt,
zufrieden, und kan es ein solcher dem frommen
treuen Gott wohl zutrauen, er werde ihn schon
zu versorgen wissen. Insonderheit bitten wir
Eu. Hoch-Ehrwurden denen nachgesetzten
Saltzburgem und Oestreichem, welche uns noch
woM bekandt sind, und von denen wir wiszen,
sie wurden sich alles Mer gefallen laszen, den
Beruf nach Ebenezer anzutragen, wir wurden
uns uber ihre Ankunft hertzl. freuen.

338

Colonial Recoeds

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.

Solche sind:

1. T. vou Lindau:
Philip Wenger.
Nicol. Eothenberger.
Georg Erandstetter.
Andreas Piltz.
Georg Wenger.
Peter Breitfusz.

Andreas & Jacob Brand-
stetter it. ihre
2 Sehwestern Ursula & Anna
MJaAthias Harmel.
Michel Steiner.
Matthias des Eh.
Kirsch Kneeht.

2. Von Memmingen:
Peter Diitscher.
Joseph Mitterecker.
Hans Eisenhoffer.
Matthias Bacher.
Hans Guldieker.

Simon Brandstetter.
Jacob Kranewinter.
Philip Eischbacher.
Bajtholomew Stickel.
Hans Eisenhoffer.

Von Kauffbaiern.
deren Nahmen wir Ferges-
sen Gertrand Laeknerin.

it: andem mehr,
Wolffgang Bamngartner.

4. Von Nordlingen:

Anne Coinbergerin.

5. Von Augspurg:
Ruprecht Helpfferer
Hans & Balthasar Ebner.
Bath, und Willhelm Gruber.

Hans Grumpold.
Christina Eoshbacherin
Hans Eeiter.

6. Von Leutkirch:
George Hohmann.

Lorentz Lickewalner.

7. Von Ulm :
Michel Kasewurm

Paulus Kasewurm

8. Von Liebrach:
9. Von Kemten:
Martin Grundner

Veit Zefferer.
Vat Hollaus

10. Von Eegenspurg :
Bartholomeus Lerchner
Thomas & Martin Schmidt

und Prantz Ecker.
Sebastian Topf, Schumacher

COEEESPONDENCE 339

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
Wenn ein gantzer Transport beysammen
ware, so konten unter solchen gar sicher einige
unverheyrathete christl. Saltzburgerinnen oder
andere redliche Persohnen weibl GescMechts
kerkommen, denen es hoffentl nicht gereuen
wurden, hier zu verheyrathen und gleich eine
eingerchtete Hauszhaltung zu finden. Yunge
ledige Manner haben sich lieber bisher unter
vielerley Beschwernisz in ihrer Hauszhaltung
gedulden, ais solche Leute heyrathen wollen, an
denen sie nicht die Kennzeichen einer wahren
Furcht Gottes und eines auszerl. ordentl. Leb-
ens wahrgenommen : und also wurde ihnen nicht
mit allerley Welt, sondern mit christl. arbeitsa-
men und treuen Leu ten gedient seyn. Sollten
unsere liebe Wohlthater in England und
TeutscMand wiszen, Avie gut ihre Wohlthaten
angewandt werden, wenn sie unser liebes Eben
ezer mit lauten Saltzburgern, denen es um die
Ehre Gottes und ihr Heil zu thun, besetzen hul-
fen, und wie es ihnen einmahl auch die Nach-
kommen solcher Saltzburger danken wurden, sie
wurden sich freuen, ihre WoMthaten auf solche
Weise anzuwenden, dasz sie nach einem Trans-
porte zur Uberkunft nach America behulfl.
waren, wenn die Eh: Trustees nicht im Stande
seyn solten, einen Transport selbst anzuneh-
men. Es ist diese Colonic, wie wir erfahrcn
haben, sehr ubel beshrien, ais konte man bier
seinea Unterhalt nicht finden, welches wohl aus
einem groszen Miszverstandnisze herkommen
mag, wenn aber jedermann sehe, dasz noch
mehr Saltzburger auf Verlangen der Einwohner

340 Colonial Records

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
in Ebenezer hierher geschickt werden, und man
ihnen Hoffnung machen kan, hier ihr Brodt zu
gewinnen, so ware dies niehts anders, ais eine
deutliche und gewisze Vertheidigimg dieses
Landes gegen die Feinde und Verlumder.
Noch zweyer Punkte muszen wir gedenken. 1.
Dasz die Leute, so herwoUen, genugsames teut-
sches Werkzeug und was Sie an gerathe und
Kleidung, sonderlich Leinwand und Schuhen
mitbringen konnen, nicht zuruck laszen, well
alle solche Dinge hier theuer und nicht so gut
zu haben sind. 2. Sic muszen ihre Reise so
einrichten, dasz sie im Herbst hier in Ebemezer
seyn und also bald sin Stuck Land zubereiten,
oder das um die Stadt zubereitete, so man ihnen
etwan auf einige Zeit zum Gebrauch uberlaszen
konte, noch ferner zubereiten und nach und
nach anpflantzen konnen. Weil die meisten
kommenden Herbst auf die Plantationen ziehen,
so wurden sie ihnen gem verschiedene freie
Stucken Landes bey der Stadt zu ihrem Geb
rauch auf einige zeit, biz sie sich ihr eignes
zubereitet habn, uberlaszen, welches ihnen sehr
nutzlich seyn wurde. So gut ists uns nicht
geworden. Im Herbst and Winter ist die beste
und gesundeste Zeit im Felde zu arbeiten. Und
also musten sie im April oder aufs hoohste im
May oder Junio von Augsburg ab reisen, da sie
denn, wenn sie in Engeland bald ein Schiff fan-
den, gegen den Herbst oder noch vor dem Win
ter hier seyn konten. Der weise und gutige
Gott aber mache es hierin nach seinem gnadigen
und guten Willen. Er erfreue Eu. Hochehr-

Cobeespondencb 341

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
warden wieder mit allerley guten Nachrichten
von unserm Orte, da sie zur zeit der Pruffungen,
die im Anfange uber uns ergangen sind, viel
Traurigkeit unserthalben gehabt. Er segen Sie
und alle Knechte des HE., wie auch alle ubrige
lieben WoMthater reicMich und lasze ihm un
sere arme Furbitte fur Sic in Christo wohlge-
fallen. Hiemit verbleiben wir unter tausend-
facher Begruszung an Sie alle.
Eu. Hochehrwurden
Unsers sehr theuren tmd wehrten Vaters in
Christo zu aller Liebe und Gehorsam
verbundenste geistliche Kinder
Ebenezer den 25'". November 1738.
1. von Lindau: Euprecht Kalcher.
Simon Steiner. Stephan Eottenberger.
George Koyler. Euprecht Steiner.
Matthias Brandner Gabriel Maurer.
Christ. Eiedelsperger. Eupr. Eischberger.
Matthias Burgsteiner.
2. von Memmingen: Thomas Pichler.
Thomas Bacher. Paul Zittrauer.
Martin Lackner. Hans & Carl Floerel.
George Bruckner. Leonhard Crause.
Peter Eeiter. Ott. Badh.
Muggitzer. Zant.
Zettler.

3. von Augspurg George Schwaiger
Barth. Eieser. Peter Gruber.
Simon Eeuter Veit Limmemhoffer.
Eupreeht Zimmermann. John Maurer.
John Coinberger. Thomas Ischwandel.
Christian Leimberger. Joseph Leitner.
Veit Landfelder.

342

Colonial Recoeds

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.

4. von Eegenspurg:
John Schmidt.
Jacob Schartner
von Kempten:
Christian Hesler

von Leipheim by
Ulm: John Pletter.

[Translation of foregoing paper.]
Copy of a Lettee of the Saltzbuegee's at
Ebbnezeb to the Rev°. M^. Senioe
Ulspeegee.

Thanks
given for
blessingsconferredupon the
Saltzburgers.

Most revernd Sir.
Very beloved and honored father in Christ,
we, the undersigned Salzburgers, and others of
our brethren in Ebenezer, are lemlnded often
to the glory of God, of his many loving and
sacred gifts which were brought back by your
worsMps in abundance to our poor souls and
bodies not only in Augspurg ; but also, as it were
wafted to us from time to time even to America.
Praised be the Lord, our God, for all the bless
ings that you have conferred upon us; for all
the exhortations and consolations which you
have given us by word of mouth and pen; for
all the devout care, intercession, petition, and
fatherly good will, with which up to this time
you have always honored us ; of these we have
felt and continue to feel the need daily. So
long as we breathe we shall not desist from
praying to the merciful Lord each one by him
self and in concert, that with a bountiful grace,
he will reward your works in belief, your labors
in love, and your patience in hope, both in this

Cobeespondencb 343

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
life and that to come and that at last when our
wandering and pilgrimage are at an end we will
be presented joyfully before the face of His
blameless splendor with you as our pious
father: how still later, without sin, we will
praise our Redeemer with glorified voice for
all the mercies He has shown us through your
service to the healing of our souls and to grati
fying our most cherished desires. In truth God
has dealt kindly with us in so far as he bore us
safely to Ebenezer, which now he lets us know
better continually, on this account we have
cause to be ashamed that at first we were not
properly contented with His wise and good
guidance but he helped us to understand that
the former severe, though never too severe, but
rather well-meaning test, was for o\it own wel
fare and He has also in a material way begun
to bless us with such timely sustenance that we
would be very sinful if we complained and did
not wish to be satisfied. There is no one among
us who has become poorer but remarkable to
say, every one has received fro'm God's hand so
much since the last harvest as he might need for
his necessities and something for clothing and
living expenses; thus it will be easy for the
almighty Lord to let flow to us here from other
places', a substantial blessinar; such is then our ce?ving nifen
1 • 1 1 1 f 11 ^""^ other
cherished hope irom our last letters written to arucfS''^
our beloved pastor : that we should receive linen
and other necessary articles from Augspurg and
Halle, for which we will value with due humility
His holy care and merciful providence, we have

344 Colonial Recobds
The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
percieved the fruit of your own prayers and of
those of other godly teachers not only in the
many benefits received of God which have been
bestowed upon us here and indeed, also often
sent to us from across the sea; but we see it
also as a result of your heartfelt petition that
we now again presume and suppose that the
land already surveyed which belongs to the
Land on the towu but foT the most part has been in bad
River pro- s'hapo such a sTOod piccc of Land on the Haber-
cured hy ^ o r-
burgfrs*^' coru Rivcr about one and a half hours journey
from Ebenezer by chance we have procured,
better then which we do not wish ; therefore on
account of our religious zeal it may be put into
condition so that we will be able to hear the
word of the Lord as plentifully as in the past
while one of our beloved pastors draws Mther to
us where most of the members will live comfort
ably together in one place. When we reflect
upon how much kindness the good holy Lord
has done for our souls in the past by His sacred
word how tenderly he has given us the entire
treasure of his mercy through the Gospel during
the whole time we have been here in Ebenezer
and how faithfully he has worked on our hearts
for the benefit of our own welfare, we could not
believe otherwise than it was for a special
benevolence, that we come so closely together
and without becoming hindered in our external
occupation, we are able to seek further the care
and protection of God for our needs. In short
the Lord has done great things for us and still
continues his goodness and care; and because

Cobeespondencb 345

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
we know we differ in prosperity from our
friends and brethren who formerly were also
included to come to America, so we ask your
worship to announce that spiritually and bodily
we are enjoying the care of our heavenly Father
and in accordance with our love for them as our
fellow-countrymen we wish that they were with
us. So far as we can foresee in a human way,
they would find already on their arrival here
that they would have many a privilege to gain
from us which we have acquired in a
desert, unknown country and at first had to
learn from experience in various ways with
. The land
many a disadvantage and obstruction. The 'ared^to'be
land is fully prepared to be cultivated, so that '^'^f'^^ted.
like us, they also, as soon as 'they arrive, can
work on it; while we, on the contrary, had no
land of our own for a long time, and had to do
much work almost to no avail. They will find
here well known people who would come to
them with advice and assistance at hand and
we could give them the experience that we have
acquired of some things during this time; say
that soon they could reward their work in like
manner with profit and advantage ; while, on the
contrary, from lack of experience, we have had sorrows and
many sorrows and drawbacks. For cattle-breed- caSseoTby^
ing are all good arrangements now made where- perience.
by they, too, would have large profit. Through
God 'g mercy we have now 200 head of neat cat
tle, besides hogs and poultry. At first so far as
our dwelling was concerned seemingly we had a
hard time, because in New Ebenezer as yet

346

Colonial Recobds

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.

EntireChristianfreedomenjoyed.

Assurancesfrom Gen.
Ogdethorpe
that Eben
ezer would
get only
good settlers.

nothing was built ; but now every one who might
come here would be welcomed In houses and
cottages already built until they could build
something for themselves , in the town on a lot
which they could choose. We enjoy here entire
Christian freedom in religious affairs and in
every day life are subservient to no one ; and we
can conduct all our business in the best and
most comfortable 'manner as it seems good to
us. No one is allowed to harm us and there is a
great difference between a free landholder in
Ebenezer and a servant in Germany, even if he
has a good master; indeed also between a far
mer and a landholder in the same place. To the
advantage of our place and company this is
added that the noble General Ogletliorpe recent
ly without our request, has had given to us the
gracious assurance that no one should come to
our locality and settle among us before he is
recommended and nominated by ns and our
pastors themselves . As in our c«oe, could our
countrymen also be sent here voluntarily in one
year with provisions ; also where possible, with
tools and stock ; thus we believe if they would
fear God and would await faithfully the result
of their labors, they will find here already their
support and livelihood. It would be very enjoy
able and pleasant if our region would be popu
lated with such honest people of whom it is re
quested to do this only in order to save their
souls and they would support themselves at
last honorably by the work of their hands ; then
we vvould live together as brothers in great joy

COEEESPONDENCE 347

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
and peace. No true Christian looks for riches
and luxuries in this world and the man who
wishes to seek for these in Ebenezer must stay
away; but he who is content with food and
clothing and also his dear necessities can be
advised to come here yet first must he consult
with God in hearty prayer so that he shall come
not of his own accord but by the will of God;
when one is convinced thereof he is satisfied
with all that God gives and such a one can trust
indeed to the holy faithful Lord, that He will
know how to protect him. Especially we ask
your worship to offer the call to Ebenezer both
to those neighboring Salzburgers and Austrians
who are still well known to us and who, we
know, would like everything here; we would
rejoice heartily over their arrival.
They are:
1. From Lindaus Wolffgang Baumgartner
Philip Wenger 4. From Nordliuger
Nicol Eothenberger Anne Cornbergerin
Georg Brandstetter 5. From Augspurg
Andrear Pittz Euprecht Helpfferer
Georg Wenger Hans & Balthasar Ebner
Peter Breitfusz Balth, and Wilhelm Gruber
Andreas & Jacob Brands- Hans Grumpold
tetter and their two sis- Christina Eoshlacherin
ters, Ursula & Anna Hans Eeiter
Matthias Hajmel 6. From Leutkirch
Michel Steiner George Hohmann
Matthias, servant of the Lorentz Lickewalner
Holy Church. 7. From Ulm
2. From Memmingen Michel Kasewurm
Peter Dritscher Paulus Kasewurm
Joseph Mitterecker 8. From Liebrach

348

Colonial Recoeds

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.

A hesitancy
on the part
of the men
to marry.

Hans Eisenhoffer
Matthias Bacher
Hans Guldieker
Simon Brandstetter
Jacob Kranewinter
Philip Eischbacher
Bartholomeir Stickel
3. From Kaufbeuern
Gertrand Lacknevin, and
many others whose names
we forget.

Veit ZefEerer
9. From Kemten,
Martin Grundner
Veit Hollaus
10. Prom Eegenspurg
Bartholomeus LerChner
Prantz Ecker
Thomas and Martin
Schmidt
Sebastian Topf Sehuh-
macher

If the company were together, then more
safely among such could come over here some
unmarried Christian Salzburger women or other
honest members of the female sex who it is
hoped would not regret to marry here and like
wise to establish an orderly household. Hitherto
the young bachelors have endured much disor
der in their dwellings rather than marry such
persons in whom they did not discern the token
of a genuine fear of God and an exceptionally
honest life; and moreover our benefactors in
England and Germany should know that they
would not be served with indiscriminate people,
but with Christian, painstaking, and honourable
persons; how kindly their benefactors would
grant this if they would help to settle our dear
Ebenezer with genuine Salzburgers for the
honor of God and their own good ; and also how
such Salzburgers would thank them for it at the
same time as the arrivals ; they would be glad
to bestow their charity in such a way, that they
would help a transport to America in the future
if the honourable trustees should not be in con
dition to undertake it themselves. This is the

Cobbbspondence 349

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
colony, we have learned, that has been illy ^ report
spoken of because no livelihood could be had iihood*°ouTd'
' . . . be had In
here ; indeed this might have been reported here Ebenezer.
through a great misimderstanding ; but if every
one seen that if still more Salzburgers were
sent Mther on request of the dwellers in Ebe
nezer, and one can hope to earn his living here ;
so would this be notMng else than a clear and
sure defense of this country against enemies
and slanderers. Still two points must be con
sidered (1) That the people wishing to come governing

here should not leave behind simple German
implements and what they may bring along for
tools and clothing, especially linen and shoes,
because aU such things are expensive here and
hard to get. (2) They must so plan their jour
ney that they will be here in Ebenezer at har
vest time that they may get ready further and
plant by degrees a bit of land that is ready, or
that which is prepared around the town, so that
sometMng can be given to them for employment
for some time until they have gotten their own
in condition, which will be very useful to them.
It was not so easy for us. The best and pleas
antest time to work in the field is in the Au
tumn and Winter. And moreover they must
leave Augspurg in April or at the latest in May
ox June; for thereby if they find a ship soon
in England they can be here toward Autumn
or at any rate before winter. But may the wise
and Mndly God bring them hither by his merci
ful and good will. May he rejoice your worship
with all kinds of good tidings about our settle-

Ebenezer.

350

Colonial Recoeds

The Saltzburgers to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger.
ment wMch in the time of the reports that were
first published about us, caused you much sad
ness on our behalf may He bless you richly and
all servants of the Lord as well as the rest of
the beloved benefactors and may our poor
prayer for you in Christ seem good to Him.
Herewith we remain, with a thousandfold greet
ing to all of you. To his worsMp our very true and
strong father in Christ, from his
spiritual children fast bound to
love and obedience.

Ebenezer November 25, 1738

1. From Lindau:
Simon Steiner
George Koyler
Matthias Brandner
¦Christ. Eiedelsperger
Matthias Burgsteiner
Euprecht Kalcher
Stephan Eottenberger
Eupreeht Steiner
Gabriel Maurer
Eupr. Eischberger
2. From Memminger
Thomas Bacher
Martin Lackner
George Bruckner
Peter Eeiter
MeiggitzerZettler Thomas Pichler
Paul Zittrauer
Hans & Carl Floeroh.
Leonhard Crause

Ott. Bach
Zant
3. From Augspurg
Barth. Eieser
Simon Eeuter
Eupreeht Zimmermann
John Cornberger
Christian Leimberger
Veit Laudfelder
George Schwaiger
Peter Gruber
Veit Limmenhoffer
John Maurer
Thomas Gesohwandel
Joseph Leitner
4. From Eegenspurg
John Schmidt
Jacob Schartner of Kempten
Christian Hester of Leipheim
by Ulm
John Pletter

COEEESPONDENCE 351

Mr. Norris to the Trustees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
The Rev°. Mb. Noebis to the Accot^^''^ Rec^.

16 Mabch 1738. Read. '
Savannah Dec', the 12'". 1738.
S'. On my Enquiry into the State of the Church
here. I have been surprized to find, that she had
retained but little more than the Titles of her inquiry
most excellent Institutions & Ordinances pure Ltate^o^ the
from many Romish & German Corruptions ; &
that she has lost that true, equal, & unpassionate
Frame of Spirit, which is so agreeable to the
Genius & Temperature of the Gospel, & to the
Bases on which all her Duties are settled.
The presumptive Wisdom of Man has so im
proved & added to her sacred Mysteries, that ^., ,,
^ •' ' Numbers

munlon.

they seem to be rather of human than divine (?om"^com-
Institution & Authority ; & Numbers have been
excluded from the salutary Communion of them,
whom neither the Oconomy of the Gospel nor
the Constitution of our Church has ever rejected
as unfit Members.
In the common Form of Prayer &c appointed
for the Day. the Exhortation, Absolution,
Psalms & first Lessons were totally omitted, &
the Collects & Prayers for the Royal Family &c
were so abridged & contracted, that few or no
Petitions were contained or offered up in them ;

352

Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Norris to the Trustees.

Hours for
publick
worship un
reasonableand dis
agreeable.

gave offence.

A com
munion of
saints.

The Hours also of publick Worship were so
unseasonable & disagreeable to most Constitu
tions as prevented the Frequency of some, &
drew many into a gradual Neglect & Indisposi
tion, & at length to an utter Dislike to them.
A Judaising spiritual Pride, which has Mth-
judaising erto prevailed in the Pastors of the Church,
pride "of the gave great Offence also to the Consciences &
pastors ° °
Affections of most People; for they disdaining
all Measures & Ordinances, gave the Sanction
of divine Infiuences to the Delusions of their
heated Imaginations, & established them for
Principles & Rules of Worship.
Hence a separate nightly Assembly was
formed at the Mimster 's House, which made up
a Communion of Saints; & were distinguished
by the Name of the Faithful: but were indeed
such Members as neither contributed to the
Credit of Religion, nor Society; these observed
particular Forms of Worship & Duties such as
publick Confession, Pennance, Absolution &c;
& many believed that an Avenue was herein
opening for the Introduction of Popery.
The Church in General from an Abhorrence
to such enthusiasm, Will-Worship & Presump
tion, & from an undue Sense also of the neces
sary & authorized publick Ceremonies & Duties,
fell into a Destitution & Contempt of all Wor
ship. I need not observe how equally fatal both
these Lempers are to Religion; the one while it
was seemingly concerned for the Security &
Preservation of it, & the other for the Improve
ment & Recovery of it from Corruption, have

Destitutionand con
tempt of all
worshipfelt.

Cobeespondencb 353

Mr. Norris to the Trustees.

been insensibly surprized into those very Er
rors, wMch had otherwise been as assuredly &
instantly renounced as proposed: thus y one
quite looses all Devotion, & the other is quite
lost in it. How impiously absurd is that Zeal
for the Worship & Honour of God, which re
fuses to shew it self in any other Medium than
that which reflects the highest Dishonour both
on him, & Ms Creatures* Thus is Religion split
upon the very Rock, on wMch it was to be
founded. Hence you may conceive the difficult part I
have to act, to recover the true Spirit of the The am.
culty in re-
Gospel, & to reduce these Extremes of Passion JgJ^troe
& Prejudice to a just Sense & Temperature in lospei."* **
the WorsMp & Duties of Religion, & to reconcile
both in the Exercise of it. My Efforts herein
have been successfully employed & well received
by most. The Church begins to be more numer
ous, & every tMng is done with Decency & Order
in it. I owe a great deal of the happy Success of
my Ministry to the traly virtuous & pious Coll : coi. steph-
Stephens who improves every Opportunity of commcna^.
recommending & defending it. This' tender
Concern & Passion for the Church make him
ever watchful & zealous for her Interests, &
jealous of her Honours. His Example recom
mends what his Authority prescribes, & Piety
influences both.
One day in every Fortnight I visit the
People of Highgate & Hamstead, & read the full 2?'HSte
Service of the Church & a Sermon to them. At fftld^*™"
my first going among them, they were so utterly

354

Colonial Records

Mr. Norris to the Trustees.

Mr. Doble,
the school
master.

Excluded
from com
munion by
Mr. Wesley.

Need of
catechisms.Bibles and
prayer books.

Mr. Haber
sham's ef
fort to In
jure Mr.
Norris" character.

unacquainted with our Form of WorsMp, that
they knew not where to jora with the Minister,
nor the Decency observed in the several Parts
of it. TMs I have been the more surprized at,
because M^ Doble the Schoolmaster there reads
Prayers to them every Night. I have therefore
recommended to bim strictly to observe the
prescribed Form & Liturgy of the Church, that
they may become uniform Members of the same.
These People have been upw^ of two Tears
without receiving the Sacrament, & tho' they
profess the Faith & Articles of our Church,
have ever been excluded by M''. Wesley from
communicating in it. They have erected a
Tabernacle here, wMch serves also for the
School; the Number of CMldren which are in
structed here rarely exceeds twelve, & but sel
dom makes up that. The publick School of
Savannah *consits now of forty Boys, those I
catechise twice every Week in School, & every
Sunday Even in Church. I have introduced
Lewis's Explanation of the Church CatecMsm,
whioh has been received with general Approba
tion ; & notMng is wanting to recommend & make
it as generally useful, but the Scarcity of them.
I must with these beg some Supplies of Bibles &
Common-Prayer-Books, & such other Books as
you will judge proper for the School &c.
I would here subjoin a Remonstrance of M'.
Habersham's Conduct, who has employed all
Ms Authority & Credit to the Prejudice of my
Ministry & private Caracter, but that I am truly

?consists.

COEEESPONDENCE 355

Mr. Norris to the Trustees.

satisfied of the inefficiency of Ms efforts, & of
the blind zeal which pressed him to it.
I am now preparing a Register Book, I will ^ record of
give you y* Model of it in my next : the following |S^' ™"^'
is an Account of y* Births, Marriages & Burials
wMch have happened in my Time.
Oct'. 22 baptized Martha Baily Daugh: of
John & [space] Baily Smith.

Mages and
burials.

22 D°. Ann Ward Daug : of Sam : & Mary
Ward Planter.
29 D". Ja^ Tho^ & Judah Brooks Twins,
Son & Dau: of Fran: & Ann
Brooks
26 buried Ann Hanks Wife of Robert
Hanks Craneman ag*. 42.
29 D°. Eliz Trent Gent. Ag^ 35.
Nov""- 6 baptized Eliz: Bishop Daug: of Phil:
& Eliz : Bishop.
D*. Sarah Fallowfield Daug: of John &
[space] Fallowfield Planter.
19 D*. John Mares Son of Will & Eliz:
Mares Sawyer.
12 D°. Mary natural Daught: of M^
Bradleys Son & Servt.
1 buried Mary BensMn ag*. 23.
8 D°. Eliz Bishop Daug: of Phil &
Eliz Bishop ag*. 12 Days.

356 Colonial Records

Mr. Norris to the Trustees.

20 D": Ann Marks Wife of Hugh Markg
SMp Carpenter ag*. 27.
Dec'. 4 Bapt. Maria Christ : Eliz : Daugh John
& Cath: Eliz: Clements Serv'^.
1 buried John Morent Serv': of Hugh
Marks ag*. 27.
8 D°. Archibald Tower Brown Son of
John & [sic] Brown Planter.
3 married George Garlant & Elean:
Peters, after been thrice published
in Church.
I am with dutifull Respects to the Hon :
Trustees. T'. very hum: Serv'. Will Norris.

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Copt of Me. Bolziu's Lett^ to Me. Newman,
bec^. feom Mb. Veenon. 3 Mat 1739.
Ebenezer DeC. 12*". 1738.
To M'. H. Newman.
Dear Sir
My last Letters to you are Sent by the way
of Charles Town in Sept. & Oct. last by whioh I
took the Liberty to acquaint You w'". the Re
ceiving of our Salaries by Cap'. Thomson as

COBRESPONDBNCB 357

Mr. Bolzius to Mr. Newman.

Plantations

well as to give you a little Account of y" Condi
tion & Intention of our Orphan house, which I
humbly desired you to recommend to y Hon"'*.
Trustees & Society.
I have now the Satisfsuition to acquaint you
that by order of Gen'. Oglethorpe our Planta- iaia'"3St~
tions are now laid out in such a manner, as it
will be very convenient & advantageous to my
Congregation. By this Generosity & Goodness
of M'. Oglethorpe our Saltzburgers will be en
abled, if merciful God continues to give his
Blessings to their Endeavours, to reap many
good Fruits of their Labour in y* Ground, & are
now so well Satisfyed, that the whole Congrega
tion has desired me to give the Rev*. M'. Senior
Urlsperger an Account of the many good things
& Preferences which they enjoy now here under
the Wings of Providence of y" Almighty. It will An attempt
redound to our Towns & y" Colony's advantage, whole town
•^ •' ° ' with saltz.-
if our whole Town cou'd be Settled with Saltz- ''"'•gers.
burgers, as it was the praise worthy Intention
of y*. Hon"'*. Society from the beginning. And
Seeing that our Saltzburgers know a good many
of honest & industrious Countrymen at Augs
burg & Linden & other places in Germany, who
are resolved to join w'". their Brethren here in
their WorsMp & Labour upon the first good
Acco'. of their being settled well they give now
w'\ one Accord such an Account, doubting not
at all, but they will ingage themselves very soon
for being sent hither to Ebenezer. But being
informed, that the hon"'*. Trastees cannot take

358 Colonial Records

Mr. Bolzius to Mr. Newman.

up Saltzburgers upon the former establishment,
I beseech the Gentlemen of y Society to think
on some means of gratifying our Saltzburgers
humble Petition in paying a new Transports
Passage & allowing Provisions & other neces
sary things for their Support and Subsistenca
in y" beginning. Our people's health continues
the Saltz- pretty well, & have a mind to do a great deal of
burgers jr ./ , o
good. Work this Winter upon their Plantations for
raising more Provisions for their & other
Comers Subsistence. We shall endeavour our
selves to the utmost of our Power to attend on
our Congregation both in Town & upon their
Farms, mimstring to them the Gospel & holy
Sacraments, which is the first and chiefest
Thing, they constantly aim at.
My utmost necessity obliges me to build a
house my Hutt being almost rotten, & very in-
convement for preserving my Health & doing
my Business well & Successfully. I design to
beseech Gen'. Oglethorpe to lend me 40"* Sterl.
being in hopes. Almighty God will incline our
Benefactors Hearts to contribute some to tMs
very necessary & useful Building, by wMch I
shall be enabled to retum tMs Money to y*
General in time. And as the Honourable Society
are always very strongly inclined to do every
thing to our & the Saltzburgers Welfare, I make
bold to beg y* favour, of their intercessions at
the Board of y' Hon"'*. Trustees, to allow besides
the IO"'- w*" they have allowd for one House,
some thing more w°" Intercession will, I doubt
not prevail very much w'". them to my advant
age.

COEEBSPONDBNOB 359

Gen. Oglethorpe to the Trustees.

May the Lord Jesus bless you and all the
worthy Gentlemen of the Society w'". good
health and all manner of happiness, wMch is
the sincere Wish and Prayer of y* Congrega
tion, of M"". Gronan & mine who am
Dear Sir
Your most Obed'.
humble serv'. John Martin Bolzius.

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Geneeal Oglethoepe 's Lettee to the Teustees
Accotant Rec°- 28 August 1739.
21^': December 1738.
Sir M'. Mackintosh spoke to me & showed me your
Letter to him of the 11'". August. I found that
he had disposed pursuant to the Trtistees
Orders a part of the Servants to the Freehold
ers of Darien upon Credit, wMch Encourage
ment had enabled that Settlement to continue
under all the Difficulties arising from the
Spamsh Alarms &^. they being the Frontier
Settlement on the Continent, The remaimng
Servants he had reserved in the Trustees hands. Majority of
women fi.
The Women were a dead Charge to the Trust, ^^^*°^"*'
excepting a few who mended the Cloaths,
dressed the Victuals & washed the Linnen of the

360

Colonial Recoeds

Gen. Oglethorpe to the Trustees.

Men ser.
vantstaught to
saw.

Building of
a chappel
at Fred
erica.

BVeeholders at Darien.

Trustees Men Servants. Some of the Soldiers
who were Highlanders desiring to marry them
Women. I gave them leave upon their discharg
ing the Trastees from all future Charges arising
from them. The Men Servants are now taught
to Saw, and they make good work, and indeed,
are the only hands in the Province that bring
any advantage to the Trust. I therefore
thought it improper to take them from the Saw
till the Trustees knew the Circumstances and
gave their farther Orders. They are now saw
ing Timber for the Church or rather Chappel at
Frederica, wMch I have agreed to have buUt.
The whole Building will be Sixty foot long by
twenty foot wide, three Stories, the two Lower
most Cellars and Rooms for Provisions, Books
&c* : and the Uppermost, aChappel. The Assis
tance of y* Timber, the work of the Trustees
Servants, & the Flints I brought over, will make
such a Saving that I tMnk I shall get the whole
finish'd for less than 150 £ Money, exclusive of
y Timber and Labour of the Trastees Servants,
and if this Building was to be performed with
out their Assistance It would have cost above
double that sum.
It is impossible at this present, for the Free
holders at Darien to pay in Money for their
Servants, but they are very willing and able to
pay in Sawed Stuff both for that and the Pro
visions which they owe. They have wanted
Provisions for three Quarters of tMs year,
having raised but just enough Corn to supply
themselves three months. I am forced there-

Cobeespondencb 361

Lt. Jno. Mackintosh Moore to Mr. Harman Verelst.
fore to let them, have one bushel of Com and
Eight pounds of Meat per head per month upon
Credit. M'. Mcintosh will write to you more at large
the Affairs of the Darien. I am / Sir
Your very humble serv'.
James Oglethorpe.
M'. Harman Verelst

(From B. P. R. O., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
L'^. John Mackintosh Moobe 's Letter to Me.
Haeman Veeelst, Accomptant to the
Honb^^ The Teustees, foe Establishing
The Colony op Geoegia at theie Office.
Westministee. Received Aug. 28, 1739.
Red WaxSeal S'. Simons Fort 21^'. DC. 1738.
S'. When I had the favours of Yours of the 11'" :
Aug' : ulto : I had the Honour to be in Company
with His Excellency General Oglethorpe, In
WMch you Desire on Acco' : of 40 men Servants
10 Women Servants, one Girle & a Boy, Of the heSthS^
Men Servants 25 was Issued to the Freeholders
of the Darien at £ 8 ^ Servant and 15 remain
ing to The Hon"'* : Trustees of Which 4 died and

Climate uo>

362

Colonial Records

Lt. Jno. Mackintosh Moore to Mr. Harmam Verelst.

Land culti
vated by
menservants.

Womenservants
prove no
good, and
so, are al
lowed to
marry.

11 remains All of them for a long time not
agreeing with the Climate were Sickley, And at
Our Several AUarms before the Troops Arrival
were Oblidged to attend at the Southern parts
of the Province and were a long time before I
could get them to the knowledge of the Art of
Sawing but at last they atain'd to it and are
now in a fair way to make a return to the Tras
tees for the Expences they have been at. You
Likewise Direct that 7 of the men Servants
should go to Cultivate 300 Acres of Land In the
Southern parts of The Province and the re
mainder being 4 to be given to the Freeholders
of Frederica. I have advised with His Excel
lency General Oglethorpe and he finding that
they now go on with Sawing and having several
Thousand of feet of Sawn boards ready to be
Employd as The Honb'* Trustees Pleases There
fore His Excellency did not tMnk proper to take
them off, And as to the Women Servants you
Desire an Acco'. of. Several of the Souldiers
Petitioned The General to have them for Wives
and His Excellency seeing that they were for no
manner of Service to The Trustees and they
also being very burthensom to their Stores He
gave them Leave to Marry You Also Write that
the Trastees Expect that The Freeholders of
Darien should make Imediate payment for their
Serv'^: But please give me leave to Acquaint
you That notwithstanding the People being very
Industrious they have received no manner of
Coine for their Labours Since they came to tMs
Place nor any other retum Whatsoever by
Which means they are quite unable to Answer

Cobeespondencb 363

Lt. Jno. Mackintosh Moore to Mr. Harman Verelst.
any Demands at present And likewise they be
ing so Often Allarmd and fatigu'd with doing
duty at The Darien and other places of the Pro
vince that they had little or no time to raise
Provisions the last Year Tho' each Freeholder
of the Darien, Fenced, Cleared, & Planted 5
Acres of Land But the Season proved so very
dry that the greatest part of the Com was quite
Demolished, and by that means we might all
have starved, had not His Excellency General
Oglethorpe Considdered Our case, and was so
good as to Allow us for each head for one year,
the follow^ Allowance (viz) 12 Bushels of In
dian Com, 100 lb. of meal, 52 pints of Molasses,
as also a Certain Quantity of Cloaths, and
Shoes. When I go to the Darien I shall ^'' first Op
pertunity give you a more praticular Acco'. of
the Above Servants and Likewise of What
Creditt His Excellency was pleased to give us —
I cannot Conclude this Letter without beseech
ing The Honb'*. The Trustees Seariousiy to
Considder our present Circumstances in regard "^y
to Sawing Timber, the only way that we have
to subsist in Darien. If they are pleased to give
us due Encouragement by buying the same at a
reasonable rate or by Encouraging Strangers to
Export it from us. or by such other ways as they
shall think in their great Wisdom most proper
We shall not only be enabled to pay for their
servants, but also Subsist our familys, but if
this our only Branch of Trade be not encour
aged. It is Morally Impossible that we can be

Sawing of
timber means
of support.

364

Colonial Records

William Stephens to the Trustees.

alble to Subsist our Selves & familys at y* Dar
ien — is all at present from —
S'.
Your most Obedient & very humble Eervant
John Mackintosh Moore.

Ijameaccounts.

Approba tion of en
deavours
great en
courage
ment.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. Stephens to the Teustees, Rbc^. 16

Maech 1738

Savannah 2* Jan: 1738/9.

Honourable Gentlemen
My last was of the 21 Nov : wMeh I hope will
have found its way right; and also all my for
mer, 'ere now, of the several dates when sent;
tho' by M'. Verelsts letter of the 2* Oct'. W^" I
have newly rec*. I was very sorry to be advised
y'. at that time no better was arrived from me
since what I wrote of the 27 May. To clear up
which lame account as well as I can, I have col
lected from what notes I keep such particulars,
as deduce the whole Series from last May down
to this time; by w*" I perswade my self 'twill
appear, I have not been unmindfuU of that part
of my Duty; nor can I plead (I bless God) any
want of health, since I had the Honour to serve
you, for 'neglecting it. Your Honours kind ap
probation of my endeavours, so far as Mr.
Verelst wrote me, gives me the greatest en
couragement to proceed, in doing my utmost to

Cobeespondencb 365

William Stephens to the Trustees.

pursue my Instructions with Fidelity & Impar
tiality ; & much happier should I think my self,
could I write of many tMngs frequently in a
more agreeable way than those T^es will allow
me to do : now more especially, much of what I
have to lay before you is a Scene full of Con- f^^^^^j^"^
fusion and Disorder ; as 'twill appear too plain, ^derf '^'
I conceive, in my Joumal herewith sent (to
gether with Duplicate of my last letter) ; where
fore it needs very little enlargement ; Facts re
quiring none; & matters of Speculation I take
to be not properly witMn my Province, who have
too gross a way of tMnMng for such an airy
Employment; when it may traly be said, non
tali Auxilio Tempus eget. It has sometimes
upon looking back into what I have formerly
wrote, given me a little uneasiness in my Mind,
to see so many seeming Inconsistencys & con
tradictions ,comparing one time w'" another : but
I can pretty well pacify such thoughts, when I
know to whom I write; & y' they do not want to
be told, amidst so great a mutability as is to be
met w'" here, it behoves the Writer to vary like
wise in Ms manner as often, how he relates the
circumstances of Affairs ; & if he has been too
sanguine in his expectations, to own it, tho' w'"
Indignation at such as occasion 'd it.
After I had transmitted to you the several
accoxmts of the number of acres planted in tMs
part of the Colony, & by whom; as also short
Lists of such as I apprehended had most merit
of any kind among the Freeholders here (not to
mention those of a different Rank who were
possest of 500 are [sic] Lots) ; notwithstanding

366

Colonial Records

William Stephens to the Trustees.

Bad debts
and conse.
quent
distress.

A paper en
titled "Rep
resentations
ot Griev.
ances."

the misfortune of a bad Crop, wMch befell too
many ; I saw no appearance of such Impatience
among 'em, as to portend any mischievous con
sequence but conceived good hopes yet, y' a
little time would wear out the remembrance of
past Evills; and when the Season came about,
they would fall to once more and try w' another
years Endeavours might produce; every body
whom we could well expect it from, following
their own private affairs quietly; till those Fatal
Tydings came of the bad Estate of affairs
throughout, by reason of such great Debts in
curred, & the Deficiency of Fonds to discharge
them, whereupon all Credit was stopt, and the
Stores in a great measure applyd towards pay
ment in part of some of the Creditors, &c : then
indeed there began to be a visible change in
peoples looks & tempers ; and little Storys con
tinually flew about, to augment Fears & Jeal
ousys; framed doubtless in the same Forge
from whence others of the like Tendency had
formerly been sent abroad; as I have before
observed. When by such means people were
judged sufficiently alarmd; out came a paper,
under the Title of a Representation of Griev
ances ; wMch they had been some time prepar
ing ; & was immediately flocked to, by almost all
people here, & hereabout; who greedily catchd
at it; and (as I hear now) upwards of 100 put
their names to it in 4 or 5 days: so y' indeed
very few stood out. The manner of its Pro
ceeding, & the principal matters which it con
tained (as far as I could charge my memory
upon perusalcursorily, for no one was suffer 'd

CORRESPONDBNCB 367

William Stephens to the Trustees.

to coppy any of it) I noted in my Joumal ; to
w"" I ask leave to refer: the vehemence where
with 'twas carried on, was such, y' all reason
ing upon it was vain ; & I verily think y' several
among 'em ran in w'" th© Crowd, for no better
reason than because they would be like their
Neighbours; not considering the consequence:
I have pretty good reason to believe tMs ela
borate Work was the Task of 2 or 3 only, with
out much as the assistance of Cap' Patrick ^k'kac^^y.
Mackay in putting it together; who undoubtedly cen^ary. "'
has been an Arch Incendiary all along in private
ever since I knew the Colony ; and those Topicks
w"^" are the Basis of tMs Peice, have been al
ways inculcated & maintaind by him; at the
same time the Model on whioh the Colony was
established, never missed being treated with
Derision : how it comes to pass therefore y' this
mans name is not to be found in the List, is to
many people a Riddle ; & the most probable solu
tion I have heard of it was y' twas undertaken
without his Aid, whilst he was at his Negro
Plantation in Carolina, & he did not think him
self sufficiently distinguished to mix in the Com
mon Croud : at the same time highly applauding
what they had done, when he read it, & so left
it with a Sneer: from whence they imagine
variously, as their Faneys lead 'em, to discover
w' was the Real Cause of the Captains so drop
ping it : which I cannot think is worth so much
enquiry. M'. Brownfield (I hear) is towards Mr. Brown-
the latter end of the List, after a day or two on iist.
pausing upon it : whether he was not full ripe in
his judgment sooner ; or whether he might grow

368 Colonial Records

William Stephens to the Trustees.

a little cold, at Ms being not earlier consulted, is
a Query likewise : but tis certain v' M'. Robert
Mr. Rob- -^ J
|rt^wiuiams WiUiams, & Ms Brother Patrick Tailfer (Sur-
tIik^ geon, who married M'. Williams's Sister) are
f^H^Urs. the principal Fabricators of it, as it is now
formed: of whom I beg to be indulged a few
Words. M'. Williams Character would be a
valuable one here, for the Public Good ; were it
not too much allayd with private Views, wMch
darken it: it must be confessed y' he has been
a bold Adventurer in cultivating land, at a
greater expence far than most others ; and the
Retum it has made Mm has been considerable
Loss: from whence it may be allowed some
peevishness might naturally arise; wMch gave
Birth to Ms being a great Exclaimer against the
Tenure of the land ; tMnMng it hard very pro
bably y' after so much labour and expence, Ms
Title was precarious: but as to the Use of Ne
groes, I have some reason to tMnk Ms Aim is
more extensive than appears openly; for as he
is in PartnersMp with his Brother & others at
S'. Hitts & Bristol ; who trade much in importing
Negroes into the West Indies; tis not hard to
conceive what would follow, in case it were in
the Power of the Landholders here to alienate
such Lands ; who for want of money to purchase
Slaves, would not want Credit to get 'em upon
Land Security; the consequence whereof need
not be named. And as for D'. Tailfer, he never
has been at any labour or expence about land in
so many years as he has lived here; but letting
out such Servants to Hire as he brought w'" him,
during their Servitude, together with Ms prao-

Cobeespondencb 369

William Stephens to the Trustees.

tice, soon put a pretty deal of money in Ms
pookett ; by w"" means he has lived, and dressed
c T • T o ^'¦- Tailfer
in a superiour manner to any of this place; & ^!g,^'|^„it
has vanity enough to set up for a Dictator
among those he converses with who generally
give way to his overbearing Discourse. Tis to
be observed, y' all this was set a going whilst
the General was in the South; where tis to be
doubted from common Report, y' some Discon
tents have also shewn themselves, worthy his
Care to suppress: but it behoves me to be
cautious, least I say too much of what I cannot
warrant the truth of: I am sure his Presence
here is to be wishd for now & we are impatiently
waiting it ; when upon his arrival, twill be seen
how he is addressed, & how well he is pleased at
such a Welcome.
If we look towards the Stores, I can find
nothing pleasing there neither : the Work of ac-
. . Accounts of
compttmg With M'. Causton, wMch has already Mr^ ^"^*°°
taken up so much time, goes on very heavily; very'*^
and from what M"'. Jones tells me, I fear has "^*''"=^*«-
little Prospect yet of coming to a desirable end ;
such Intricacy s (he says) are continually met
with to impede it: and as for M'. Bradleys Ac
counts ; I am told he is so obscured, y' no Dawn
ing yet appears of what Light that Etnquiry may
produce. Tis really a melancholly Aspect, in
the mean while, that the Remainder ofProvision
in the Stores affords us ; where (if I am rightly
informed) there is not more than about a dozen
Barrels of Flesh meat left ; such have been the
great Draughts thence, towards satisfying (in
part only) divers Creditors of most Impatience ;

370 Colonial Recoeds

William Stephens to the Trustees.

whilst some again have been well content, rather
to wait, till time shall produce Payment in
Specie. Tis fit I should here observe that where
as Your Honours in a former letter signifyd
your pleasure, y' the Issues of Stores should be
under the Direction of Causton, Parker & my
self; and soon after (before M'. Jones had taken
Mr. Causton possessiou of the Storcs) your pleasure was
smsse . farther known, & M'. Causton was dismissed
from his Employments by the General; who
upon that Occasion gave such Instructions to
M'. Jones, as he saw most expedient, in pro
portioning to the several Classes of people,
what was to be the future regulation; wherein
undoubtedly he was the best and most proper
Judge : M^ Parker & I therefore have not pre
sumed to intermeddle any farther than occas
ionally, upon an Eixigence, where M'. Jones' had
any Doubt in himself; and then upon asking
our opinion, he always had it : as in some petty
cases likewise, where we knew the absolute
necessity of a poor Family in the utmost dis
tress ; we have not scrupled to recommend such
for a small present Relief; believing it such a
Charity as your Honours would well approve
of : but That we always did with due caution, &
never by a formal Order ; which we thought we
could not now warrant: The whole upon that
Head will be found of small value.
I am confident your allowance will readily
be obtained for putting an end here to so dis
pleasing a Story whioh I shall be heartily glad
in my next to, make some amendments to, and
am far from dispairing of; knowing these

Cobeespondencb 371

Mr. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

Clouds must needs be dissipate in time; and
being firmly perswaded in my self, y' under the
prudent Conduct of those at Helm, we shall pass
thro ' tMs foul weather with little or no damage
at last. I remain Honourable Gentlemen
Your most Obedient humble Servant
Will : Stephens.
To the honourable
the Trastees.

(From B. P. R. 0., B. of T., Georgia, Vol. 21.)
Me. Stephens to the Accomptant, Mb. Habman
Veeelst to the Honoueable the Teustees
FOE Establishing the Colony of Geoegia at
THEIE Office near the House of Loeds.
Westministee. Recd 16 Maech 1738.
RedWaxSeal^ Savannah 2 Jan 1738/9.
S'. Your letter of 2* Oct', w"" I rec* the 23* Dec'.
surprized me much at the first reading ; wherein
I found such a long Chasm without any letter
rec* from me, y' it put me instantly to see if I
could trace out any cause y' imght occasion it

372 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

& joyning the several particulars together wMch
I found in my past notes, as you'll observe in
the paper herewith sent ; I grew satisfyd in my
self, as I hope 'twill be deemd satisfactory to
w' you wrote thereon: and after acquainting
you that all the enclosed letters which you sent
me, were carefully conveyd to whom they be
long 'd; I presume no more needs to be said in
answer to that letter. But what I have wrote to
the honourable Board at tMs time, I fear will
be thought more than enough, unless it had im
ported something better; nevertheless 'tis
inexcusable (I think) in cases of such conse
quence, to soften matters, w*" will admit of no
palliation ; or to deviate in the least from strict
Truth, whatever be the Event. Under wMoh
Sense of my Duty tis humbly submitted.
I am really puzzled what to say of Duch's our
potter!' un-^ Pottcr here, or how to represent him again.
d6F criti'
cism. after the light I had formerly put Mm in : I see
no cause to retract any part of the Character
I thought he deserved, as to his diligence,
Sobriety, & SMU so far as his work hitherto has
appeard, whereof he has made good plenty,
which has not stuck on his hands; but how far
he is capable of bringing those things to per
fection which he promised, I dare not undertake
for : wherefore I thought it best to let him speak
for himself, and put it in writing ; y' it might be
laid before the honourable Trastees plainly,
without any Varnish ; especially as I found more
mony wanting: but I am ashamed for Mm, y'
my fond Credulity which led me into an imagi
nation, of seeing such fine things brought pres-

Cobeespondencb 373

Mr. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

ently to perfection; should be the cause of my
Good Lord Egmonts being deceiv'd in his ex- mont df.
csivGcl Izi
pectations also ; for which I must beg your In- his ex-
tercession to obtain his Lordships pardon.
Time possibly may yet bring those tMngs to
pass.
It behoves me now S'. to say something of the
Boy (Tho Roberts) y' Serg' Mckenzie delivered Tho. Rob-
to me here the 21 Nov: last: since w°" time I ^rts lying
and
have had ample. Tryall of his Abilitys, that are thieving.
very great ; but I am sorry to say ; 'tis in Lying
& Thieving; wherein he has outdone any of his
Rank y' I have heard of among us. On account
of so valuable a recommendation as he came
with, from the Rev*. M'. Smith and your self ; I
was inclined to try whether or not he might
prove of any good use to me, among others ; tho
having already a Boy (one Edward Haines)
whom you sent me, & who had idleness sufficient
about him to require a strict hand over Mm, by
which means after a years pains, he is begin
mng now to shew some tokens of making a
tolerable Servant; I doubted least they might
spoyl one another: but the last Youngster out-
stript all before him; and soon began to show
us y' no good would come of him : for after many
testimonys given us of what might be expected ;
the first Exploit of greatest Note, I remarkd in
my Joumal; as you may please to observe of
the 18, 19, & 20 of Dec: from w^" time his Feats
have been too numerous to think 'em worth Re- Behaviour
cording : but his behaviour has been one course «" ^w^cic-"^^
of Wickedness ; w"" appears so radicated in him.

374 Colonial Recoeds

Mr. Stephens to Mr. Harman Verelst.

y' I fear no Stripes will subdue, even from the
Common Executioner, if he falls under Ms
hands : and that is such a Task as my Son & I
desire to decline. I only wish for his own sake,
and his Friends,that I may be lucky enough to
get a Master fitly qualified to reform him; w*"
I promise you I will do my best in ; tho he is so
well known already thro ' this Town y' I do not
expect readily to find such an one here. I shall
be glad in my next to give a better account of
him & many things else. I am S'.

Your most humble Servant
Will: Stephens.

INDEX

Abercorn, village of, mentioned  194, 271.
Abercromby, Mr., Attorney General at Charles Town  259.
Abercromby, James, letter to Harman Verelst  248.
Accounts of Mr. Causton and Mr. Bradley intricate  369.
Addison, William, mentioned  17.
Admiralty, Lords of the, mentioned  255.
Aglionby, William, a pretended lawyer  207 ;
mentioned  113.
Alarms, no longer felt  251.
Altamaha Eiver, mentioned  .186.
Althers, John, mentioned  86.
Amelia, Island of, mentioned  236 ; 255.
Amery, Mr., suggested for surveyor  79 ;
mentioned  80 ;
Amistes, Mr., mentioned  66.
Amitys, Mr., mentioned  76.
Ammunition, saved from wreck of Minerva  45.
Amory, John, mentioned  103.
Amy, a ship, mentioned  158 ; 182.
Anderson, Mr., Inspector of the Garden  77 ;
mentioned  66; 78; 229; 259; 302.
Anderson, Adam, letter to  198.
Andrews, Thos., Indian trader, mentioned  239.
Apalachee Fields, the old, mentioned  127.
Appalachia Oldfield, mentioned  137.
Archer, Thos., extract of letter from Gen. Oglethorpe  252-255.
Armory, Mr., mentioned  104.
Artillery, Savannah, mentioned  101.
Assembly, Nightly, formed, called the Faithful, and a communion
of saints  352.
Augusta, grant of land wanted by Mr. Miller  187;
affairs of, mentioned  231.
mentioned  195; 201; 210;
Augustine, (St. Augustine, town), mentioned  251 ;
Spaniards from, mentioned  315 ;
location mentioned  255.
Auspurg, a promise of linen to the Saltsburgers from  343;
mentioned  342; 349; 357.

376 Index
Auspourger, Mr., surveyor  280 ;
mentioned  130.
Austrians, mentioned  347.
Avery, Capt., mentioned  29.
Ayera, Capt., mentioned  107.
Ayres, Capt., mentioned  84.
B
Bach, Ott, from Memminger  350.
Bacher, Matthias, from Liebrach  348.
Bacher, Thos., from Memminger  850.
Baillie, Mr., mentioned  239.
Baily, John, a smith  355.
Baily, Martha, baptized  355.
Balls, Capt., mentioned  17.
Baltick Merchant, a ship, mentioned  199.
Bathurst, Lord, Letter from Eobt. Bathurst complaining of Mr.
Causton  5.
Bathurst, Robert, letter to Lord Bathurst complaining of Mr.
Causton  5.
Baumgartner, Wolffgang, from Memminger  347.
Bayliffs of Savannah, lease of land to.  266.
Beareroft, Eevd. Dr. Philip, letter to Lord Egmont concerning
Mr. Norris  184.
Beaufort Schooner, James Howell, master  142.
Beer, wanted for the Colony  275.
Bennet, Levi, mentioned  17.
Benskin, Mary, buried  355.
Berwick, Duke of, mentioned  278.
Betty Gaily, a boat  50 ;
mentioned  57.
Binks, Anthony, recommended by a lady at Kensington as a
servant, turned villian  174.
Bishop, Mr., mentioned  195.
Bishop of London, letter to the Earl of Egmont  191 ;
letter from Earl of Egmont  190 ;
mentioned  188 ; 189.
Bishop of Gloster, mentioned  188.
Bishop, Eliz., daughter of PhUl and Eliz. Bishop, baptized
and buried  355.
Bishop, Phillip, one of Mr. Lacey 's' servants indicted for steal
ing  231;
found guilty  232.
Bishop Howard of Ireland, mentioned  188.
Bishop of Bristol, mentioned  188.
Bishop of Gloster, mentioned  189.

Index 377
Blackford, Mir., mentioned  ¦  103.
Bolzius, Eev. John Martin, letter to Mr. Verelst (acknowledgeing
favours to Salti^burgers)  123 ;
letter to Mr. Verelst  296;
letter to Mr. Newman  356 ;
mentioned  109; 115; 250.
Bookkeeping, Italian manner of  328.
Bounties, wisdom of offering  74.
Bradley, Mr. WUliam, list of Trustees ' cattle and horses  79 ;
misunderstanding with Mr. Causton  99 ;
concerning ill-treatment of servants  108 ;
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  Ill ;
in charge of farm work  260 ;
seized with violent fever  293 ;
accounts very intricate  369 ;
mentioned  104; 156; 260; 261; 262.
Bradley, Mary, natural daughter of Mr. Bradley's son and
servant  355.
Brandner, Matthias, from Lindan  350.
Brandstetter, Simon, from Liebrach  348.
Brandstetter, Anna, sister to Andreas, Jacob and Ursula, all from
Lindaus  347.
Brandstetter, Ursula, sister to Andreas, Jacob and Anna, all
from Lindaus  347.
Brandstetter, Andreas, brother to Jacob, Ursula and Anna, all
from Lindaus  347.
Brandstetter, Jacob, brother to Andreas, Ursula and Anna, all
from Lindaus'  347.
Brandstetter, Georg, from Lindaus  347.
Breitfusz, from Lindaus  347.
Brick and Lime, mentioned  284.
Brick-making, mentioned  21 ;
Georgia Brick as good as England 'a  221.
Bristol, negroes imported from, by Mr. Eobt. Williams to the
West Indies  368.
mentioned  324.
Brizy, Capt. H., mentioned  121.
Broodie, John, mentioned  59.
Brooks, Judah, Twin to Jas. Brooks and daughter of Fran, and
Ann Brooks, baptized  355.
Brooks, Jas. Thos., Twin to Judah Brooks aud son of Fran, and
Ann Brooks, baptized  355.
Brownfield, Mr., name found on list of those who printed paper
entitled : ' ' Representations of Grievances. "  367.
Broomfield, Mr., mentioned  56 ; 130 ; 208.
Brown, Archibald Tower, son of John and  Brown  356.
Brown, John, planter  356.

378 Index
Brown, John of Highgate, supposed to have killed a priest  237 >
committed for murder  239.
Brown, Mr. James, mentioned  222.
Brown, Mr., a taylor  189.
Broughton, Colonel, proclaimed Lieut Gov. of S. C  48.
Bruckner, George, from Memminger  350.
Buckley, Harry, letter to James Oglethorpe  14;
Letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  88.
mentioned  17.
Buckley, Richard, mentioned  88.
Bull, Col. Wm. Proclaimed president of the Council of S. C  48;
copy of letter to the Lords of Trade, delivered to Mr.
Vernon  212.
Bundy, Dr., mentioned  189.
Burgsteiner, Matthias, from Lindan  350.
Burntside, Mr., dismissed from the store  285.
Burrish, Capt., mentioned  254; 256;
commander of the "Man of War"  255.
Bush, Edward, correspondence to the Trustees  245.
Burton, Mr., mentioned  108.
C
Calwell, John, deputy surveyor  280 ;
mentioned  15.
Calwell, Mr. Phillip, letter from Lieut. DeLagal  198.
Cameus, the family of, silk winders  283.
Camouch family, mentioned  76 ; 97.
Cai&us, Mrs., manager of working of silk  65.
Canada, mentioned  .214.
Cannor, Dan, mentioned  17.
Cargo of Foreigners, brought over by Capt. Thomson  321.
Carolina, ill usage from  57 ;
Govemor of  103 ;
convinced of the utility of the manufacture of silk  169 ;
import of rice from  170;
peace between the Choctaws and Chickasaws of great
moment to  192 ;
supplied with barreld beef and pork  195 ;
crops affected by a drough  201 ;
Indian, agents, messengers and traders sent into the
Indian nations  209;
plentiful harvest  275 ;
lieut. Gov. of, mentioned  302 ;
^Capt. Patrick Mackay 's negro plantation mentioned. .. .367;
mentioned  96 ; 149 ; 163 ; 220 ; 252 ; 301 ; 178.

Index 379
Carolina Gazette, mentioned  179 ; 232.
Carolina Traders, making mischief  231
mentioned  272
Carts and horses, mentioned  284
Caswell, James, mentioned  238
Cattle, mentioned  297
Causton, Mr. Thomas, complaints against  5
breaks with Jno. Wesley, who refuses the sacrament to his
niece  33
letter to the Trustees  55
letter to the Trustees  59
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  86
misunderstanding with Mr. Bradley  ,  99
letter to the Trustees  103
complaints made against  113
letter from James Gascoigne  120
letter to the Trustees  129
in reference to affidavits  149
letter to the Trustees  153
breach between family and Mr. Whitfield  167
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  176
letter to the trustees, discussion of Mr. Jno. Wesley's
conduct in regard to his neice  204
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  211
letter to the trustees  217
letter to the trustees  230
bailiff, storekeeper and cashier to the trustees  241
censured again  286
excuses given  287
denies guilt of fraud  287
the affair of  288*;
suspected of trying to leave the Colony  294
sold some of live-stock  302
accounts of provisions, credits, etc., issued by  318
complains of being ill-treated by Mr. Jones  320
accounts very intricate  369
issues of stores under direction of  370
dismissed from employment by Gen. Oglethorpe  370
mentioned  10; 19; 29; 81; 85; 87; 88; 89; 97; 98; 101
120; 122; 123; 126; 132; 133; 135; 139; 179; 180; 181
218; 219; 223; 225; 235; 239; 242; 259; 261; 262; 270
275; 281; 282; 285; 291; 296; 321; 326,
Causton, Mrs. Martha, letter to the Trustees  64.
Caword, Thomas, mentioned  221
Certified Accounts, forbidden  253
mentioned  277; 283; 285; 315; 326
Chandois, Duke of, mentioned  5

380 Index
Chappel, or church, built at Frederica  360.
Charles, The, a vessel, mentioned  4.
Charles Town, rage of small-pox reported  226;
location mentioned  255;
ships cut off from, by Spaniards  256 ;
Attorney General, Mr. Abercromby, mentioned  259 ;
Capt. Dunbar 's departure for, mentioned  304;
mentioned, 162; 169; 171; 172; 182; 192; 199; 218; 224;
225; 255; 264; 265; 272; 318; 330.
Charles Town Barr, mentioned  271.
Charles Town News, mentioned  179.
Cherokee Indians, mentioned  215.
Chickesaw Indians, delighted with sUk-making  65 ;
reported slaughtered by the French  89 ;
reported killed by the Choctaws  89 ;
peace with the Choctaws, mentioned  192.
mentioned  19 ; 193.
China-ware, earth found to be used for  284.
Choctaw Indians, reported to have killed the Chickesaws  89;
peace with the Chickesaws, mentioned  192 ;
largest tribe of Indians, 1600 men strong  212;
on friendly terms with the English  214.
mentioned  193; 213; 215; 216.
Christie, Thomas, correspondence to the Trustees  269 ;
the Recorder  302.
mentioned  142; 238; 268.
Church, inquiry into the state of  351.
Church of England, generality of the clergy thought lightly of. .324.
Civil Government, expense of  326 ;
mentioned  252 ; 285.
Clements, Maria Chrits, Eliz., daughter of John and Catherine
Eliz. Clements, servants  356.
Clerks, employed on accounts  293 ;
Ewen, Houston and Hurst, ordered to be arrested for
stealing away  301 ; 302.
Clock, The town, mentioned  100.
Cochineal, mentioned  26.
Cochran, Lt. Col., arrived from the South  197 ;
detachment of regiment, mentioned  301 ;
brought before court martial because of differences with
Capt. Maccoy  304 ;
mentioned.. 84; 127; 158; 159; 163; 169; 170; 171; 175;
182; 183; 194; 199; 236.
Cochran, Mrs. letter to  198.

Index 381
CoUition Bridge, mentioned  262,
Commissaries at Madrid, His Majesties, mentioned  318,
Common Council, mentioned  294,
Commons of England, mentioned  315,
Congress of Cambray and Soissons, mentioned  313
Constitution, original, mentioned  309,
Colony, reflections on, mentioned  232
very much improved  245
in regard to black-smiths  246
protection  251
plow needed  273
conditions in Southern part of  274
an attempt to prevent the use of rum  276
in great need of a supply from Parliament  277
a list of stores  277
an effort made by Spaniards to persuade Creek Indians to
fight agaiust the Colony  278 ;
nothing but destruction seen  283;
supply for the improvement and support of  286;
the unhappy situation of  289 ;
a report that Mr. Causton is making preparations to leave, 302 ;
supplied with wine and brandies  305 ;
number of acres planted and list of freeholders of merit. .365;
mentioned  165; 234; 236; 246; 287; 288; 294; 30'J.
Colony, the garden of, mentioned  77 ; 137.
Cooksey, Mr., mentioned  Ill ; 115 ; 126.
Cooper, Mr., mentioned  280.
Coosey, Mr., mentioned  126.
Cornberger, John, from Augsburg  850.
Cornbergerin, Anne, from Nordlinger  347.
Court Martial, ordered  279 ;
for the trial of the mutineers and to examine the differ
ences between Col. Cochran and Capt. Maccoy  304.
Court of Savannah, imprisoning for debt  253.
Cowes, a town, mentioned  162.
Cowherds, needed in the Colony  297.
Crause^ Leonhard, from Memminger  350.
Credit, servants sold the freeholders on, at Darien  359 ;
wanted by the freeholders  361 ;
given by Gen. Oglethorpe  363 ;
stopped on account of heavy debts  366 ;
mentioned  276; 281; 316; 32L
Creditors, mentioned  285.
Creek Indians, tempted by the Spaniards to fight against the
Colony  278.
Crockatt, Mr., mentioned  102; 106.

382 Index
Crockatt and Seamon, letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  132
goods sent by them, mentioned  330
mentioned  318,
Crofts, Mr., mentioned  147
Crops poor, mentioned  20 ; 56,
Crosse, John, Junior Consul, letter to the Trustees  304
letter to the Trustees  308
Cuba, Spaniards from, mentioned  315,
D
Darien, health conditions  12 ;
reports from  49 j
dissappointment of crops  202 ;
freeholders unable to pay for servants in money, but will
ing to pay in sawed stuff  360 ;
affairs of, mentioned  361 ;
sawing timber only means of subsistance  363 ;
freeholders unable to raise provisions on account of
Spanish alarms, etc  363 ;
mentioned  166 ; 235 ; 359.
Dartrich Merchant, ship of which Henry West is master  194.
Daubuz, Capt., mentioned  78 ; 82 ; 107.
Davidson, Samuel, Constable, letter to John Ridyard  143 ;
letter to Mr. John Gilbert  145.
Davis, Caleb, owner of schooner from St. Augustine  129.
Debt, imprisoned for  253.
Debts, bad, and consequent distress  366.
Debrisay, Capt., aids Gen. Oglethorpe in quelling the mutiny ... 303.
De Legall, Mr., the wheelwright  130 ;
mentioned  129.
Delegal, Lieut., letters to Philip Calwell and Jno. Dooly  198.
Delamotte, Mr., mentioned  167.
Delgrass, Francis, shoemaker  268.
Deserters, mentioned  219.
Digg, Mr., Justice of the Peace at Beaufort  129.
Diseases iu the Colony, mentioned  269.
Dixon, Mr., a notorious drunkard  241 .
Doble, Mr., the schoolmaster  354.
Dobree, Mr., clerk, mentioned  280.
Dobree, Elisha, mentioned  17.
Dooly, Jno., letter from Lieut. Delegal  198.
Don Antonio de Amadondo, mentioned  140.
Don Diego Gonsaler Dias, mentioned  139.
Douglas, Mr., mentioned  239.
Dritscher, Peter, from Memminger  347.
Duch 'S, the potter under criticism  372.

Index 383
Duke of Berwich 's regiment, mentioned  278.
Dummer, Thos. Lee, mentioned  246 ; 256.
Dunbar, Oapt., letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  185;
going to Charles Town  304.
Dundas, Alexander, mentioned  811.
Dusley, Richard, mentioned  221.
Dutch Servants, brought over by Capt. Thomson, wanted for
cowherds  297.
E
East Indies, mentioned  268
Ebenezer, the need of a smith, shoemaker and unmarried
women  250 ;
the difference between a freeholder of Ebenezer and the
servants of Germany  346
no place for those seeking riches  347
hopes for a settlement of genuine Saltsburgers  348
a false report that no livelihood could be made at  349
some rules governing  349
people wishing to settle in, must reach there by harvest
time  849;
mentiond  166; 194; 250; 300; 332; 342; 348; 344; 357.
Ebner, Balthasar, from Augpurg  347.
Ebner, Hans, from Auspurg  347.
Ecker, Frantz, from Eegenspurg  348.
Egmont, Countess, mentioned  184.
Egmont, Lord, letter from the Revd. Dr. Beareroft, concerning Mr.
Norris  184
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  187
letter to the Bishop of London  190
letter from the Bishop of London  191
deceived in his expectation of Duch 's, the potter  373
mentioned  331
Eischberger, Rupr, from Lindan  350,
Eischbacher, PhiUip, from Liebrach  348
Eisenhoffer, Hans, from Liebrach  348
Elgar, Ffrancis, one of Mr. Lacy's servants, indicted for stealing 231
found guilty  232
Ellis, Robert, mentioned  131
England, an agreement with Spain  140
mentioned  162; 169; 171; 172; 175; 176; 180; 185; 199
196; 242; 258; 273; 285; 249
English, peace with Spaniards purchased  136
runaway negroe slaves given freedom by the Spaniards . . 142
Indians well disposed towards  230
mentioned  212; 218; 216
English Frontiers, mentioned  251.

384 Index
Evans, John, mentioned  108,
Everleigh, Sam, letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  19
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  89
mentioned  9,
Ewen, Will, one of Mr. Causton 's servants  301
orders given for arrests  302
Ewing, John, mentioned  17,
Expenses of the Colony, mentioned  285
pertaining to the troops  301
that are absolutely necessary  826
of the servants to the Trustees  362,
Express, Mr. Jones ', sent to Savannah  253
F
Fallowfield, John, planter  355,
Fallowfield, Sarah, daughter of John and  Fallowfield, bap
tized  355
Ffanshaw, Capt., commander of the King's ship, "The
Phenix "  149 ;
mentioned  159.
Fitzwalter, Gardener for the Colony  78 ;
an idler  229.
Floerch, Carl, from Memminger  350.
Floerch, Hans, from Memminger  850.
Foreign Service, mentioned  279.
Foreigners, cargo of, brought over by Capt. Thomson  321.
Fort St. Andrew, Mr. Stephen 's report on  90.
Fort Darien, Mr. Stephen 'S report on  90.
Fort St. Simon, report on, by Mr. Stephens  90.
Poster, Elisha, mentioned  238.
Poster, George, mentioned  60.
Forster, WUl, mentioned  17.
France, soldiers of  278.
Frederica, harmony among the people in commission  15;
report on, made by Thomas Hawkins  16 ;
report on, by Mr. Stephens  90 ;
place of worship, mentioned  161 ;
condition of crops  201 ;
people of, mentioned;  285 ;
a list of persons on pay in the Trustees service  279;
a plan of the town sent to the Trustees  279 ;
Servants on pay at  280 ;
Mr. Jones sent from  281 ;
lands cultivated and churches buUt for religious uses .... 286 ;
copies of the store house waist book kept  328;

Index 385
church or Chappel buUt  360 ;
freeholders of, mentioned  362;
mentioned. .58; 91; 175? 185; 236; 263; 264; 268; 291; 325.
Freeholders, unusual to commit, except for capital crimes  288;
of Darien, willing to pay for servants in sawed stuff, but
cannot pay in money  360 ;
of Frederica, mentioned  862 ;
of Darien unable to raise provisions on account of Spanish
alarms, etc  363 ;
mentioned  279.
French, report of a slaughter of Chickesaw Indiana  89;
their inability to supply the need of the Indians  193;
mentioned  125; 212; 213; 214; 216; 280; 309.
Furie, Peregrine, Esq., letter from Col. Cochran  198.
Fury, Mr., mentioned  212.
G
Garden of the Colony  77 ; 137
Garden, public, mentioned  229
Garlant, George, married Elean Peters  356
Garrisons, mentioned  255
Gascoigne, Capt. James, mentioned, 81; 104; 129; 180; 160; 233; 255
letter to Mr. Harman Verelat  88
letter to Mr. Thomas Causton  120
letter to Mr. Verelst  122
letter to Mr. Verelst  138
Gazette, mentioned  :.'48
Gearie, Capt. Francis, letter from Mr. Paterson of Frederica. . . .198
Gent, Eliz. Trent, buried  355
Greorge 's Chocolate House, St. James  198
Georgia, dispute with S. Carolina  4
rumors of war  19
yeomen needed in the Province  23
devision in to parties hurting the Colony  87
uncertain and precarious intercourse with Carolina  46
lack of harbor facilities  50
iU usage from Carolina  51
conditions in the Colony  55
health conditions reported  58
status of sUk industry in  76
England agreed to surrender Gibralter and Port Mahoy
to the Crown of Spain, or a concession of the like
nature  140
prosperity mentioned  152
debts of the Colony  161
encouragement given to planters  165

386 Index
things conducive to the good of the Colony  169
plans for a vineyard  175
indulgence of law, mentioned  180
in regard to a missionary  184
peace between the Choctaws and Chickasaws of great
moment to  192
improvement in quantity of land cultivated  199
discontents, etc., of the Colony  209
happy state of affairs  210
preparations to withstand the invasions by the Spaniards . 215
dearth of foreign news  220
brick-making in the Province, as good as in England . . . 221
notice of public credit given  248
militia, mentioned  251
a grant of land wanted  271
crops poor  275
land cultivated, churches buUt for religious purposes .... 286
distressing circumstances of the people  291
Dutch servants brought over  297
the awful indebtedness of  814
heavy debts estimate of expenses  826
a scene of disorder and confusion  365
the model on which established, treated with derision .... 367
mentioned, 168; 166; 249; 250; 272; 284; 292; 294; 805; 809
Georgia Station, a request for the continuance of Capt. Burrish 's
services  255.
German implements, expensive and hard to get in the Colony. . . .849.
Germany, the difference between a freeholder in Ebenezer and a
servant in Germany  346 ;
mentioned  357.
Geschwandel, Thomas, from Augspurg  350.
Gibbs, Isaac, letter to the Trustees  270 ;
mentioned  103 ; 104.
Gibralter, Laws governing provisions for soldiers  803.
Gibralter men, England agreed to surrender to the crown of
Spain or make a like concession  141 ;
mentioned  304.
Gilbert, Mr. promoted to the magistracy  263.
GUbert, Mr. John, letter from Mr. Samuel Davidson  145.
GUbert, Robert, appointed 3rd Bayliff  266.
Gilding, Mr., mentioned  22.
Godine, Mr., mentioned  172.
Goffer, Saml, mentioned  88.
Governor of Carolina, mentioned  103.
Governor of Havannah, mentioned  140.
Governor of St. Augustine, mentioned  235 ; 236.
Grand Jury, claim of right to administer oath  264.

Index 387
Grant, P., letter to the Trustees  237.
Grant, Mr., instated  238 ;
mentioned  186.
Grant, Andrew, settler at Ogychee  71 ;
deserts plantation  72.
Grant, John, of Dalrachny near Avrimore, Scotland, Letter to... 198.
Grant, Alex, letter from WUUam Stephens  198 ;
Sadler in King St., St. James  198.
Grafton, Duke of, mentioned  184.
Great Britian, mentioned  312.
Gronau, Mr., letter to Mr. Verelst, requesting an allowance to
build a minister 'a house  299 ;
mentioned  298 ; 359.
Gruber, Balth, from Auspurg  347.
Gruber, Peter, from Augspurg  350.
Gruber, WUhehn, from Auspurg  847.
Grumpold, Hans, from Auspurg  847.
Grundner, Martin, from Kemten  348j
Guards, mentioned  254.
Guldieker, Hans, from Liebrach  348.
Gulf of Florida, mentioned  250.

Habersham, River, land along, procured by the Saltzburgers .... 344
Habersham, Mr., substituted iu Mr. Whitfield's place as minister. 290
a misunderstanding with Mr. Norris  323
an attempt made to injure the character of Mr. Norris .  354
mentioned  324
Haines, Edward, boy servant very' idle  373
Halle, a promiae of linen from, to the Saltzburgera  343
Hampstead, people of, doing well  288
mentioned  194 ; 353,
Hanks, Ann, wife of Robt. Hanks, buried  855
Hanks, Robt., craneman  355
Harbor, very good  254
Harding, Mrs., mentioned  17
Harding, John, a blacksmith, mentioned  17
Harmel, Matthias, from Lindaua  347
Harris, WUliam, death of  108
Havannah, mentioned  256
governor, mentioned  140
Hawkins, Dr., In regard to provisions  279
Hawkins, Thos., letter to Benj. Martin, Sec. of the Trustees  15
letter to Harman Verelst, reporting health conditions .... 58
letter to the Trustees  147
mentioned  17

388 Index
Hawkins, Mrs. ThoS. mentioned  148.
Hawk, The, Capt. Gascoigne 's ship  139.
Hay, Robt. mentioned  106.
HeatTicote, Alderman, Letter from Jas. Oglethorpe  314.
Hector, a ship mentioned  249.
Helm, mentioned  371.
Helpfferer, Ruprecht, from Auspurg  347.
Henriques, letter from Mr. Nunes Henriques  197;
Judah Senior, letter to  198.
Henriques, Mr. Nunea, letter to Mr. Juda Senior Henriques, Mi.
Isaac Netts, Mr. Abraham de Samuda  197.
Hester, Christian, from Leipheim  350.
Hetherington, Mr., mentioned  195.
Hetherington, Jas., one of Mr. Lacy's servants indicted for
stealing  231 ;
found guilty  232.
Hewett, Capt., mentioned  78 ; 86 ; 322.
Highgate, people of, doing well  288 ;
people of, mentioned  853 ;
mentioned  194; 237.
Highlander Soldiers given permission to marry women servants . . 860.
HUl, Mr. Richard, of Charlea Town, mentioned  192.
Hird, Mark, mentioned  17.
Hird, Thos., letter to James Oglethorpe  20 ;
mentioned  17.
Hird, Mr., Constable  92;
Hohmann, George, from Leutkirch  847.
HoUand, Mr., mentioned  329.
Hollans, Veit, from Kemten  348.
Hopes, Mr., mentioned  108.
Hopkins, Sophia, neice of Mr. Causton, is refused the Sacrament
by John Wesley and trouble begina  34 ;
marriage to William Williamson, very grievous to Jno.
Wealey  204.
Hopton, Mr., mentioned  85 ; 97.
Horsey, Col., appointed Governor and Lieut. Gen. of South
Carolina  197;
reported missing  225 ;
the death of  325 ;
death of, mentioned  330.
Horton, Mr. Wm., letter to the Trustees  284;
129; 160; 175; 217; 283; 284; 263;
gave his own cattle and corn to the people of the Colony. .275;
trying to prevent the use of rum  276 ;
mentioned  10; 21; 22; 48; 62; 81; 91; 92; 93; 129; 160;
160; 175; 217; 238; 234; 263.
Hossack, Mr., mentioned  59, 63, 186.

Index 389
Houston, Mr., one of the store clerks, absconded  301;
orders given for arrest  302;
mentioned  16.
Howard, Bishop of Ireland mentioned  188.
Howell, Jamea, master of the Beaufort, schooner  142.
Hows, Robert, mentioned  238.
Hucks, Mr., mentioned  276.
Hughes, Joseph, mentioned  97.
Humble, John, mentioned  17.
Hurst, Mr., servant to the Trustees slips away during the night. 293;
orders given for arrest  802.
Hutton, Jas. letter from Mr. Whitfield  198

Indians, Chickesaws, reported to have been killed by the
Choctaws  89
Chickesaws reported to have been slaughtered by the
French  89
armed  187
peace between the Choctaws and Chickeaawa, mentioned. .192
trading row boats, mentioned  201
traders, disturbances among  209
trader, Thos. Wright, broke out of goal  232
Supplied with arms, ammunition, etc  315
expenses for preaenta to  326
the fidelity of  328
mentioned  131; 193; 196; 212; 216; 217; 230; 309
Inventory of storea taken  211
demanded of Mr. Cauaton  281
taken by Mr. Thos. JoneS  292
taken  301
Ireland, primate of, mentioned  184 ; 190
Ireland, mentioned  109
soldiera of, mentioned  278
Italian manner of bookkeeping mentioned  328.
Italians like the Colony  283.

Jalap, mentioned  26.
Jekyll, Lady, mentioned  252.
Jekyll, Sir Joseph, Letter from James Oglethorpe  251.
Jekyll, mentioned  286 ;
sound, mentioned  255.
Jenkins, Mr., mentioned  238.
Jennys, Mr., mentioned  128.

390 Index
J enys, Paul, mentioned  3 ; 4.
Jenys, Eliz., letter to the Trustees  3.
Jenys, Thos., letter to the Trustees  134.
Jenys and Baker, mentioned  134.
Jews, mentioned  166.
Jolly, Mr., mentioned  160.
Jones, Mr. Thos., sent from Frederica  281 ;
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  291 ;
stores, books of accounts, etc., put under the care of . . . .292;
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  295 ;
letter to Mr. Verelst  301;
stores taken possession of, by  370.
mentioned, 253 ; 264; 266; 268; 274; 288; 294; 320; 326; 269.
Jones, Surveyor, neglectful, a substitute needed  79 ;
a vindictive temper  80 ;
mentioned  -.  106.

Kalcher, Reprecht, a servant to Mr. Vatl, aUowed money from
the Trusteea  296;
from Lindan  350.
Kasewurm, Michel, from Ulm  347.
Kasewurm, Paulua, from Ulm  347.
Keen, Mr., mentioned  137.
Keet, Capt., mentioned  197.
Kempton, mentioned  250.
Kent, Lieut., mentioned  231.
Kensington, mentioned  300.
King 's Arms Holbornbridge, mentioned  248.
King 's CouncU, mentioned  130.
King 's Council of S. C, mentioned  131.
King 's forces, arrival of  319.
Koyler, George, from Lindan  350.
Kranewinter, Jacob, from Liebrach  348.
L
Lacey, Mrs. indictment of  231 ;
mentioned  282 ; 233.
Lackner, Martin, from Memminger  348.
Lacknevin, Gertrude and many others from Kaufbeuern, whose
names were forgotten  348.
Lacy, Capt. Roger, letter to the Trustees  187;
death of  231.
Lacy, Mr., plantation neglected  195 ;
mentioned  233.

Index 391
Landf elder, Veit, from Augspurg  850.
Lands for religious uses, mentioned  286.
La Roch, Mr., mentioned  188 ; 189.
Lawly, Richard, mentioned  17.
Leimberger, Christian, from Augspurg  350.
Leitner, Joseph, from Augspurg  350.
Lerchner, Bartholomeus, from Regenapurg  348.
LevaUy, Jno., Sr  16.
Levally, Jno.Jr.,mentioned  17.
Lickewalner, Lorenta, from Lentkirch  347.
Lieut. Gov. of Carolina, mentioned  302.
Lightfoot, a ship, mentioned  159 ; 182.
Lime and Brick, mentioned  284.
Limmenhoffer, Veit, from Augspurg  350.
Lindan, mentioned  250.
Linden, mentioned  357 ;
London, mentioned  250.
London Gazette, mentioned  266.
Loop, Thos., mentioned  17.
Lords of the Admiralty, mentioned  255.
Lords of Trade, mentioned  212.
Louisiana, mentioned  214.
Lyford, Capt. William, mentioned  120.
Lyford, Mr., mentioned  122; 138.
Lyon, Mr., the keeper of the Vineyard  327.
Lyttleton, Sir Thos., mentioned  230
M
McKay, Patrick, mentioned  208
McKenzie, Mr. Sergt., to Col. Cochran  199
mentioned  194; 325; 329; 373
McKenzie, Capt., Master of the ship ' ' Baltic Merchant "  162,
Mackintosh, Mr., disposed of servants to the Freeholders of
Darien upon credit  359,
Mcintosh, Mr., mentioned  48 ; 131 ; 361
Mcintosh, Lieut., mentioned  63 ; 129
McKintosh, Capt., Eneas, mentioned  129,
Mcpherson, Capt., mentioned  129 ; 210
Maccoy, Capt., brought before Court Martial on account of dif
ferences with Col. Cochran  304
helps Gen. Oglethorpe to quell the mutiny  303
Mackay, Capt. Patrick, a settler at Joseph Town  71
f ormenter of discontent  72
an arch incendiary  367
Mackay, Mr., fired upon by the Spaniards  234,

392 Index
Mckay, Capt. Hugh, mentioned  160 ;
letter from Ensign Hugh Mackay  233 ;
letter to the Trustees  149.
Mackay, Ensign Hugh, letter to Capt. Hugh Mackay  233;
overseer of Trustees ' servants  280 ;
mentioned  150; 219; 236.
Malcontents  41.
Man of War, ship commanded by Capt. Burrish, mentioned 255; 256; 264.
Mares, WUl, aawyer  355.
Mares, John, son of WiU and Eliz. Mares, baptized  355.
Marks, Ann, wife of Hugh Marks, buried  856.
Marks, Hugh, ship carpenter  356.
Martin, Ben., Sec. of the Trustees, Letter from Thos. Hawkins. . 15;
letter from Jno. Vanderplank  246.
Martyn, Mr., letter to Mr. Verelst  266;
mentioned  259; 267.
Matthias, servant of the Holy Church  847.
Maurer, Jno., from Augspurg  850.
Maurer, Gabriel, from Lindan  350.
Mary Ann, The, a vessel mentioned  3.
Meiggitzer, from Memminger  350.
Memminger, mentioned  250.
Mexico, Vice Roy of, mentioned  150.
Michel, Hawkins, a servant, mentioned  17.
Militia, vigilant  251.
MUitary establishment, ceasing of, mentioned  316.
Military expenses from the civil expenses  815 ;
for the year  326.
MUler, Jno. Request for a grant of land  187.
Millar, And., letter to Mr. Verelst  110.
MUlar, Robt., letter to the Trustees  25<)"
letter to the Trustees  150 ;
mentioned  110.
Minerva, Ship commanded by Capt. Nicholson  271 ;
wreck of  27 ;
extent of damages  80.
Minister 'a houae, a request for allowance for same, by Rev. Mr.
Gronan  299;
the buUding of, mentioned  358.
Mississippi River, mentioned  198 ; 212 ; 214.
Mitterecker, Jos., from Memmingen  .347.
Molattoes, mentioned  235.
Montaigne, Mr., mentioned  131.
Monteyo, Court, mentioned  150 ;

Index 393
Montgomery, Capt. Adam, Captain of the ship ' ' Prince William ' '
97; 100;
mentioned  126.
Moore, Lt. Jno. Mackintosh, letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  10 ;
letter to Mr. Jas. Oglethorpe  11 ;
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  361.
Moore Castle, (Morro), mentioned  140.
Morent, Jno., servant of Hugh Marks, buried  356.
Morro Castle, mentioned  140.
Mosely, Mr., mentioned  Ill ; 112.
Mosely, Mr. Jno. the slapman at Billings Gt  183.
Mountague, Mr., merchant, mentioned  97.
Mulberry, trees, mentioned  284.
Mutineers trial of, mentioned  304.
Mutiny at. St. Andrews, an accouut of  329.
N
Negroes, inhumane and abominable use of  273 ;
strictures on S. C, concerning  76 ;
the use of, by Mr. Robt. Williams  368;
freedom given those who would bear arms, by the Span
iards  137 ;
slaves, deserters from the English, given freedom  142.
Negro plantation of Capt. Patrick Mackay in Carolina, mentioned 367.
Netts, Isaac, letter from Mr. Nunes Henriques  197.
New England, mentioned  178.
Newham, Capt., saUed for Virginia  182.
Newham, J., mentioned  183.
Newman, Mr., mentioned  300.
Newman, Mr. H., letter from Mr. Bolzius  356.
Newton, Capt., mentioned  ,  85.
New Windsor, mentioned  201.
New Tork, Provisions brought from, condemned  276.
Nicholls, Eliz: letter to, at Cooleykenny in Wickley in Ireland. .198.
Nicholson, Capt., commander of the ship Minerva  271;
mentioned  17; 46; 330.
Norris, Rev. Mr., mentioned  189 ; 191 ; 324 ;
Norris, Rev. Mr., letter concerning, from Revd. Dr. Philip Bear
eroft, to Lord Egmont  184 ;
Uncivily treated by Bishop  • . ,-  188 ;
chosen as minister of Savannah  190 ;
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  289 ;
a misunderstanding with Mr. Habersham  323 ;
letter to Mr. Harman Verelat  351 ;
an attempt to injure character by Mr. Habersham  354.
mentipned  189; 191; 324.

394 Index
Nunes, Dr. Saml., mentioned  295.
Nunea, Dan., mentioned  295.
Nunes, Moses, mentioned  295.
0
Oakes, Mr., apprentice to Mr. Young, the Wheelwright  323.
Oglethorpe, Gen. James Edward, founder and commander in chief
of the Colony of Georgia, letter from John Mackintosh
Moore  11
letter from Harry Backley  14
letter from Thos. Hird  20
congratulated on promotion to chief commander over South
Carolina and Georgia  20
arrival looked for  171
uneasiness felt for  224
retum looked for  245
letter to the Trustees  249
letter to Sir Joseph Jekyll  251
letter to the Trustees  253
extract of letter to Thomas Archer, Esq  255
orders plantations to be laid out  357
letter to the Truateea  359
the arrival of  270
letter to the Truateea  274
reported diagraced in England  278
letter to the Truateea  281
personal money uaed for aupport of Colony  .' ... 285
pleased with the plans of the orphan house  296
shows particular favor to the congregation of Rev. Mr.
Bolzius  297
attempta to quell mutiny  303
letter to Alderman Heathcote  314
at Frederica  325
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  326
in the South  330
gave the people of Ebenezer the assurance that they would
get only good settlers  346
an allowance given the freeholders of Darien  363
mentioned  8; 10; 86; 102; 103; 104; 106; 111; 113; 116
133; 134; 146; 149; 157; 185; 196; 207; 208; 210; 230
233; 234; 237; 246; 266; 268; 274; 289; 295; 309; 310
358; 361; 362
Ormston Mr., mentioned  238
Orphan Houae, plans for buUding  296
account of condition and intention  357
Oxen, mentioned  284,
Oxtead, Mr. Causton 's plantation  292

Index 395

Paris, Mr., mentioned  50 ; 62.
Parker, Mr. Henry, a magistrate  96 ;
bailiff, mentioned  237 ;
isaues of stores under direction of  370 ;
mentioned  142 ; 240 ; 259 ; 283 ; 302.
Parliament, supply from very necessary  254 ;
hopes of a grant from  328 ;
debts that ought to be paid by  314 ;
a supply from, for the Colony of vital importance  277;
mentioned  284; 285; 315; 826.
Parliamentary assiatance, mentioned  252.
Parnell, Dan '1., mentioned  17.
Paterson, Robt., letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  21 ;
mentioned  17.
Paterson, Mr., of Frederica, Letters to Mr. George Vandereylm,
and Capt. Francis Gearie  198.
Percy, Capt., mentioned  259; 266; 267.
Perkins, Mr., mentioned  16.
Peters, Elean, married George Garlant  356.
Peters, Ld., mentioned  111.
Peyton, Mr., leaves for Va. in the ' ' Hector "  249.
Phenix, The, commanded by Capt. Ffanshaw  149.
Philadelphia, provisions brought from, condemned  276.
Pichler, Thos. from Memminger  850.
Piedmontese, A. and his wife, to teach the manufacture of silk. .169.
Pierce, Mr. Jas., letter to Harman Velerst concerning the Choctaw
and Chickasaw Indians  192.
Piercy, gardener for the Colony, ran away  77.
Piercy, Mr., Ul treated by Mr. Causton  5.
Piercy, Capt., mentioned  292.
Pittz, Andrear, from Lindaus  347.
Plantations, damages to  6.
Pletter, John, from Regenspurg  350.
Pomeroy and Son, mentioned  133.
Ponory, John, mentioned  17.
Popery, the introduction of, mentioned  352.
Port Mahon, England agreed to surrender to the crown of Spain
or make concessions of the like nature  141.
Port RoyaU, mentioned  226.
Pottery, the manufacture of, encouragement given  168.
Portsmouth, mentioned  278.
Preu, Capt., freed from prison at Havannah  136 ;
Preu, Jos., mentioned  139.
Prince William, Capt. Adam Montgomery's ship  126.
Prochter, Thos., mentioned  17.

396 Index
Province, southern division in good order  253
improvements made by Mr. Causton  294
northern division lost three-fourths of people  253
northern part, expenses mentioned  276
mentioned  255
Provoat, Mr., a successful merchant  96
Public Garden, mentioned  229 ; 262
Public School of Savannah  354,
Purry, Mr. Merchant  97
Q
Queen of England, news of death  85.

Randolph, Timothy, mentioned  52.
Rangers, not paid  282.
Rangers and Garrisons, expenses of  315.
Rantoul, Mr. Alexander, mentioned  232.
Regiment, ordered by hia Majesty  54;
Col. Cochran's detachment mentioned  dOl;
mentioned  255.
Register Book, prepared by Mr. Norria  355.
Reid, Capt. James, mentioned  4.
Reiter, Peter, from Memminger  350.
Reiter, HanS, from Auspurg  347.
Religion, mentioned  166 ; 353 ;
credit of, not contributed to by the Society of Communion
of Saints  352.
Religious matters  80 ;
affairs. Christian freedom enjoyed  346.
Representation of Grievances, the title of a paper printed .... 366.
Renter, Simon, from Augspurg  350.
Rice, planting of, mentioned  297.
Ridyard, Mrs. John, mentioned  143.
Ridyard, John, letter from Saml. Davidson  143 ;
mentioned  146.
Ried, Capt. the arrival of, at Charles Town  318;
mentioned  318.
Riedelsperger, Christ, from Kindan  350.
Rieser, Barth, from Augspurg  350.
Roberts, Thos., boy deUvered by Sergt. McKenzie a thief and
lier  373.
Robinson, John, mentioned  17.
Rogers, Mr., an apothecary  198.
Roshlacherin, Christina from Auspurg  347.

Index 397
Rothenberger, Nichol, from Lindaus  347.
Rottenberger, Stephan, from Lindan  350,
Rum sola in private homes  164
beer, the only means of keeping it out  276
exchanged for barreled meat  195
mentioned  96

Sacrament of the Lord's Supper refused to Sophia Hopkins. . . .205
St. Anderous, mentioned  185
St. Andrews, mentioned  150,
St. Andrews, Capt. Stedman 'a ship  125
Saint Andrews, the establishment of  279
the maintenance of,  280
a mutiny at  303
an account of the mutiny  829
St. Augustine, arrival of a Spanish launch  87
arrival of 500 men and familya  134
Governor of, mentioned  235
mentioned  286
St. Gallen, mentioned  250,
St. George's Island, taken by the Spaniards  217
occupied by the Spaniards contrary to agreement  219
report of Spaniards a f alae alarm  223
reported in the poaaession of the Spaniards  284
mentioned  236.
St. Hitts, negroes imported from, by Mr. Robt. Williams to the
West Indies  368,
St. John 's Island, baracks mentioned  184
St. Juans River, mentioned  286
St. Leaver, George, mentioned  114; 125; 126
St. Simons, mentioned  87 ; 185 ; 264,
Saltzburgers, favors acknowledged  123; 124
Prussian Commissary in the Bishopric of, mentioned  144
doing well  288
intentions for the winter  297
letter to the Rev. Mr. Senior Urlsperger  332 ; 342
health of, mentioned  358
mentioned  144; 247; 287; 297; 299; 300; 349; 857
Samuda, Mr. Abraham de, letter from Mr. Nunes Henriques .... 197
Sauftleaver, George, mentioned  109,
Sauftlebeu, Mr., a good man from Ebenezer  250,
Savannah, River, mentioned  201

398 Index
Savannah, mentioned  166; 183; 194; 244; 271; 274; 276; 277;
281; 292; 294; 295; 326.
lack of harbor f acUities  50 ;
list of inhabitants  68 ;
distracted state of affairs  68 ;
effort to improve conditions  68 ;
reformation expected  69 ;
runaways reported  69 ;
meeting of the Trustees to appoint a minister  100 ;
artillery, mentioned  101 ;
hospital mentioned  185 ;
freeholders, mentioned  187 ;
court of, imprisoning for debt  253 ;
Bayliffs, land leased to  266 ;
a meeting between Gen. Oglethorpe and the Creek's chief
men  278;
Col. Cochran's detachment of regiment mentioned  301;
presents for the Indians and provisions for the most
necessitous people  328 ;
public school of, mentioned  854.
Sawing timber, only means of subsiatance  363.
Saw Mill, mentioned  284.
Saxby, Mr., mentioned  19.
Schartner, Jacob, from Kempton  350.
Schmidt, John, from Regenspurg  350.
Schmidt, Martin, brother to Thos'. from Regenspurg  348.
Schmidt, Thomas, brother to Martin from Regenspurg  848.
Schumacker, Sebastian Topf., from Regenapurg  34i8.
Schwaiger, Georgia, from Augspurg  350.
Scotch, land holders, mentioned  94.
Scotchmen, complaints of  72.
Scotland, servants from  186 ;
mentioned  176.
Scott, Capt., arrival from St. Augustine  138 ;
Capt. of the King's ship, "Seaford"  137; 138;
mentioned  ,  139.
Scout-boat men, not paid  282 ; 815.
Seaford, Capt., Scott 's ship  188.
Seaman, Mr., mentioned  106.
Secretary, absence, mentioned  256.
Secretary to the Trustees, Mr. Benj. Martin, Esq  246.
Senecas, mentioned  214 ; 215.
Servants taught to saw  .... 360 ;
distribution of forty, mentioned  361 ;
mentioned  21 ; 52 ; 39.
Settlers, promised a cow, a hog, and a gun  273.
Shubrick, Capt., mentioned  52.

Index 399
SUk industry, status of, in Greorgia  76.
SUk and Wine, mentioned  254 ; 285
Chickasaw Indians deUghted with the making of  65,
mentioned  254; 285
Sinclare, Archib, mentioned  17
Sloop-owners, mentioned  285
SmaU-pox, rage in Charleston, mentioned  226
Smallwood, Samuel, mentioned  63
Smallwood, Mr. clerk, mentioned  280 ; 103
Smith, Rev. Mr., mentioned  373
Smith, Mr., mentioned  , . 88
Smithers, John, mentioned  17
Sola BiUs, mentioned  277; 281; 285; 286; 328
South Carolina, Col. Broughton proclaimed Lieut. Gov. of  48
strictures on, in regard to negroes  76
Bang 'a council mentioned  131
Appointment of Col. Horsey as Gen. and Lt. Gen  197
mentioned  217; 233; 234
South Hampton Coach, mentioned  248
Southwark, mentioned  •  276
Spain, an agreement with England, mentioned  140
soldiera, mentioned  278
Spaniards, complaint of inaults by Indians  81
arrival of a Spanish launch at St. Augustine  87
fear of deaigns againat Georgia  183
prepare for descent on Georgia  136
peace purchased by English  136
freedom given Negroes who would bear arms, and Indians
armed  137
runaway negro slaves belonging to the English given their
freedom  142
crops detained on account of alarms of  145
in possession of St. George's Island contrary to agree
ment  219
reported on St. George's Island, a false alarm  223
cut off ship from Charles Town  256
an effort made to turn the Creek Indians against the
Colony  278
insolent barbarious depredations of the  813
attempts frustrated  315
offers to the Indians rejected  828
mentioned  127; 135; 139; 224; 230; 233; 285; 236; 251
253; 255; 287; 309
Spanish claims, rumors concerning  106
alarms, difficulties arising from  359
King 's royal coffers, mentioned  313

400 Index
Spencer, Mrs., lower end of Leather Lane, near Holborn, letter
to  198.
Station ship, an effort to obtain  256.
Stedman, Capt., Capt. of the "St. Andrews"  125.
Steiner, Michel, from Lindaus  847.
Steiner, Repreeht, from Lindan  350.
Steiner, Simon, from Lindan  350.
Stephens, Wm., arrives in 8. C  3 ;
letter to the Truateea concerning Jno. Wesley 'a troubles.. 32;
letter to Harman Verelst  51 ;
letter to the Trustees  67 ;
account of tranaaction  67 ;
letter to Mr. Harman Verelat  82 ;
letter to the Trustees, report on state of affairs at Fred
erica, Ft. St. Simon, Ft. Andrew and Darien  90
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  100
letter to the Trustees  114
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  118
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  125
letter to the Trusteea  162
letter to the Trusteea  171
letter to Mr. Harman Verelat  182
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  194
letter to Mrs. Stephens  198
letter to Alex. Grant  198
letter to the Trustees  199
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  218
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  223
letter to the Trustees  226
letter to the Trustees  258
letter to the Trustees  265
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  267
letter to the Trustees  817
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  329
highly commended  858
letter to the Trustees  364
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  371
mentioned  3; 156; 248; 269,
Stephens, Mrs. William, letter from Mr. Wm. Stephens  198
Stephens, Thomas, letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  27
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  30
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  57
mentioned  10,
Sterling, Hugh, settler  71
deserts plantation  72

Index 401
sterling, William, settler  71 ;
deserts plantation . . '.  72.
Stevens, Col., mentioned  19 ; 178 ; 283.
Stickel, Bartholomeir, from Liebrach  348.
Stirling, Mr., mentioned  237.
Stores, very low  369.

Tailfer, Patrick, brother of Robt. Williams and one of the prin
cipal fabricators of the paper called "Representatives
of Grievances"  368.
Tailfer, Dr., settler at River Ness  71 ;
a fast money maker  73 ;
never cultivated land. Made a great deal of money hiring
out servants brought with him, and with his practice.
Troubled with vanity  368 ; 369.
Tail Male, Constitutional changes in relation to  75.
Tassells, Mt., mentioned  19.
Telsnere, Ann, mentioned  17.
Tenure of Land, Mr. Robt. Williams a great exclaimer against 368.
Thomson, Capt, mentioned, 17; 19; 53; 59; 78; 97; 98; 101; 113;
147; 297; 317; 318; 356.
Thornton, Mr., mentioned  130.
Thunderbolt, in bad condition  195.
Toinochichi, Land, mentioned  104.
Towers, Mr., mentioned  88 ; 252.
Traders from Carolina, making mischief  231 ;
Tradesmen, wanted at Ebenezer  250 ;
Troops, arrival of  328*
Trustees, letter from Eliz. Jenys  3 ;
letter from Robt. MUlar  25;
letter from Wm. Stephens, concerning Jno. Wesley 's
troubles  32
letter from Thos. Causton  55
letter from Thos. Causton  59
letter from Mrs. Martha Causton  64
letter from Wm. Stephens  67
aocount of transactions  67
list from Mr. Bradley of cattle and horses  79
letter from Mr. Stephens, report on Frederica, Ft. St.
Simon, Ft. Andrews, and Darien  90
letter from Mr. Causton  103
letter from Isaac Young  112
letter from Mr. T. Causton  129
letter from Thos. .Jenys  134

402 Index
letter from Mr. F. M. Ziegenhagen  144
letter from Mr. Thos .Hawkins  147
letter from Capt. Hugh Mackay  149
letter from Robt. Millar  150
letter from Mr. T. Causton  153
letter from Mr. Wm. Stephens  162
letter from Mr. Wm. Williamson  177
letter from Mr. iloger Laey  187
a meeting to appoint a minister tor Savannah  190
information concerning the peaceableness between the
Choctaws and the Chickasaws  192
letter from Wm. Stephens  199
letter from Mr. T. Causton  204
letter from Mr. Causton  217
letter from Mr. Wm. Stephens  226
letter from Mr. Thos. Causton  230
letter from Mr. Wm. Horton  234
letter from P. Grant  237
letter from Jno. West  244
letter from Edward Bush  245
letter from Gen. Oglethorpe  249
letter from Gen. Oglethorpe  253
letter from Wm. Stephens  258
letter from Mr. WUi Stephens  265
letter from Mr. Christie  269
letter from Isaac Gibbs  270
letter from Gen. Oglethorpe  274
an effort to reduce expenses  276
a plan of the town of Frederica sent to the  279
letter from Gen. Oglethorpe  281
money allowed Ruprecht Kalcher  296
intercession on behalf of the orphans, widows, etc  297
an allowance to build a minister 's house requested by Mr.
Gronan  299;
many charges upon the  301 ;
would receive great damage in case Mr. Causton left the
Colony  302
letter from Jno. r'rosse. Junior Consul  304
letter from Jno. Crosse  308
letter from Mr. Stephens  317
in regard to the expenses of the Colony  327
an allowance to build a minister's house asked  358
majority of women a dead charge on the  359
beseeched to consider seriously present circumstances in
regard to sawing timber  363
letter from Mr. Stephens  364
servants, mentioned  ,  ,  260 ; 280 ; 316

Index 403
servants at the establishment of Saint Andrews  279
service, list of persons on pay at Frederica  279
stores mentioned  326
mentioned  164; 169; 171; 172; 173; 176; 177; 186; 188
261; 267; 275; 282; 285; 287; 288; 289; 291; 294; 295
315; 326; 328; 329; 348; 357; 36'2.
Turner, Ann, letter to, at Mr. Roger 's, au apothecary against the
new church, Ratcliff Highway  198.
Turner, Rich, undeserving as a planter  268.
Tybee, mentioned  233.
V
Uplon, Thos., arrives with servants  62.
Unity, a sloop, mentioned  139.
Urlsperger, Rev. Mr. Senior, letter to Mr. Ziegenhagen  144 ;
extract of letter to the Rev. Mr. Ziegenhagen sent to Mr.
Vernon  250
letter from, mentioned  300
letter from the Saltzburgers  332 ; 342
a letter giving an account of the many blessings heaped
upon the Saltzburgers  357 ;
mentioned  144 ; 300.

Vandereyker, Mr. George, letter from Mr. Paterson at Frederica 198.
Vanderplank, Jno., letter to Benj. Martin  246 ;
letter to Mr. Harman Verelst  256.
Vatl, Mt., mentioned  296;
Verelst, Mr. Harman, accountant at the Georgia office in London,
letter from Jno. Mackintosh Moore  10
letter to Sam Everleigh  19
letter from Robt. Patterson  21
letter from Thos. Stephens  27
letter from Thos. Stephens  30
letter from Wm. Stephens  51
letter from Thos. Stephens  57
letter from Thos. Hawkins, reporting health conditions..'. 58
letter from Mr. Wm. Stephens  82
letter from Mr. Thos. Causton  86
letter from Jas. Gascoigne  88
letter from Barry Buckley  88
letter from Sam Everleigh  89
letter from Mr. WUl Stephens  100

404 Index
letter from And. MUlar  110
letter from Mr. WiU Stephens  118
letter from Jas. Gasooigue  122
letter from Rev. Jno. Martin Bolzius  123
letter from Will Stephens  125
letter from Mr. Jas. Gascoigne  138
letter from Mr. Will Stephens  171
letter from Mr. T. Causton  176
letter from Mr. William Stephens  182
letter from Capt. Dunbar  185
letter from Lord Egmont  187
letter from Mr. Jas. Pierce concerning the Choctaw and
Chickasaw Indians  192
letter from Wm. Stephens  194
letter from Mr. Wm. Stephens  223
letter from Jas. Abercromby  248
letter from Mr. Jno. Vanderplank  256
letter from Mr. Stephens  267
letter from Revd. x\lr. Norris  289
letter from Mr. .Thos. Jones  291
letter from Mr. Thos. Jones  295
letter from Eevd. Mr. Bolzius  296
letter from Revd. Mr. Gronan, concerning an allowance
for the building of a minister 's house  299
letter from Mr. Thos. Jones  301
letter from Gen. Oglethorpe  326
letter from Mr. Stephens  329-
letter from the Eev. Mr. Norris  351
letter from Lt. Ono. Mackintosh Moore  361
letter from Mr. Stephens  371
mentioned  3; 162; 177; 178; 180; 191; 226; 23.5; 239
281; 285; 364
Vernon, Hon. James, letter from Col. Bull  212
letter from Mr. Ziegenhagen  800
extract of letter from Eevd. Mr. Urlsperger to the Eevd.
Mr. Ziegenhagen sent to Mr. Vernon  250;
mentioned  126 ; 356.
Vice Eoy of Mexico, mentioned  150.
Vineyards, expenses pertaining to  327.
Virginia, mentioned  249.
W
Walker, Thos., mentioned  17.
Walset, Andrew, mentioned  17.
Wansell, Capt. Thos., letter to, at Green St., Bath 
Wanset, Quarter Master, Mr., a gardener from Bourdeaux. . . .175.

Index 405
Ward, Ann, daughter of Sam and Mary Ward, baptized  355.
Ward, Mary, wife of Sam Ward  855.
Ward, Sam, a planter  355.
Warwick, Mr., mentioned  60.
Wlathey, Mr. Samuel, mentioned  104.
Watson, Jos., petitioner to the inquisition at Savannah  207;
imprisonment of  208 ;
accused of killing a man  288.
mentioned  104; 117; 179.
Welch, Griffith John, mentioned  17.
Wjeldon, Maj. Thos., letter to, at George's Chocolate house, St.
James  198,
Wenger, Phillip, from Lindaus  347
Wenger, George, from Lindaus  347
Wesley, Rev. Jno., break of friendship with Mr. Causton  32
refuses sacrament to Sophia Hopkins  33
indicted  34
defies the majestrates  35
leaves Georgia at night  39
affairs of  80
conduct censured  167
complaint made against  177
behavior to Mr. Causton uncivil on account of the mar
riage of Mr. Causton's niece, Sophia Hopkins to Mr.
Wmiamson  204;
people excluded from communion by  354;
mentioned  178; 179; 181; 205; 206; 207; 209;
West, Mr., freeholder, mentioned  96.
West, Jno., letter to the Trustees  244 ;
gives up place as black-smith of Colony  246.
West, Henry, master of the ship ' ' Dartrich Merchant "  194.
West, Mr., mentioned  108 ;
West Indies, strength of squadron, mentioned  224.
Weston, Miles, mentioned  17.
Whitaker, a ship, mentioned  158 ; 182 ; 183.
White, Mr., storekeeper, mentioned  280 ; 291.
White, Rich, mentioned  17.
Whitfield, Rev. Mr., arrival in Georgia  160 ;
letter to Mr. Jas. Hutton  198 ;
gaining the affection of the people  202;
the departure of  230 ;
made Savannah his residence  290 ;
won the hearts of his hearers  323 ;
and the New Birth  324;
mentioned  149; 248; 258.
Whiting, Capt., sailed for Virginia  182.
Whiting, Ro., mentioned  183.

406 Index
Wigan, Thos., Indian Trader  ¦  230.
Williams, Robt., a settler ot Grantham  71 ;
one of the principal fabricators of paper called "Repre
sentatives of Grievances "  368 ;
mentioned  113.
WiUiamson, Mr. William, long illness of  55 ;
letter to the Trustees  177 ;
married Sophia Hopkins, Mr. Causton's niece  204;
mentioned  167 ; 206.
Wilson, Mic '1, mentioned  17.
Windham, Capt., mentioned  138.
Wine and brandies, supplied to the Colony  305.
Wine and silk, success with  251 ;
mentioned  254-2bo.
Winnington, Mr., mentioned  256.
Winster, Capt  57.
Woodward, Mr., a justice of the peace at Beaufort  129.
Wragg, M>. mentioned  57; 225.
Wright, Mr., mentioned  229.
Wright, Thos,, arrested at Augusta  21i);
Indian trader, broke out of gonl  "'.',2,
Wright, Mr., a notorious character  196.
Y
"Voung, Mr., given a grant of land  271 ;
the wheelwright  3'_'3.
Young, Isaac, letter to the Trustees  112.
Z
Zant, from Memminger  ,350.
Zefferer, Veit, from Kaufbeuern  348.
Zettler, from Memminger  350.
Ziegenhagen, Rev. Mr. Fred Mich., letter from Mr. Urlsperger. .144;
letter to the Trustees  144 ;
extract of letter from Rev. Mr. Urlsperger sent to Jlr.
Vernon  250 ;
letter mentioned, concerning money for Ruprecht Kalcher 296 ;
letter to Mr. Vernon  300.
Zimmerman, Euprecht, from Augspurg  350.
Zittrauer, Paul, from Memminger  350.