Religious orders in the Anglican
communion by
Reginald Heber Weller

ItmKp Id'djti

YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

THE LIBRARY OF THE
DIVINITY SCHOOL

€t)e Hale
^tentorial Sermon

1300

By
THE RT. REV. REGINALD HEBER WELLER, D.D.,
Bishop Coadjutor of Fond du Lac

PUBLISHED FOR THE

Western Theolpgical Seminary

CHICAGO

By THE YOUNG CHURCHMAN CO.,
MILWAUKEE.

The Hale Memorial Sermon No. 4

Religious Orders in the
Anglican Communion

BY

The Rt. Rev. Reginald Heber Weller, D.D.,
Bishop-Coadjutor of Fond du Lac

Published for the
WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
CHICAGO
By THE YOUNG CHURCHMAN CO.
Milwaukee

xxso W45"<Sr

^

ft

TO THE
GLORY OF GOD
AND IN MEMORY OF
ANNAMcK. T. HALE
A LOVER OF EVERY GOOD WORD AND WORK
THE PREACHING AND PRINTING OF
THIS SERMON
WERE PROVIDED FOR BY
HER HUSBAND
C. R. H.

EXTRACTS
From the Will of the Rt. Rev. Charles Reuben Hale,
D. D., LL. D., Bishop Coadjutor of Springfield, born
1837 ; consecrated July 26, 1892 ; died December 25, 1900.

+

In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the
Holy Ghost. Amen.

1, Charles Reuben Hale, Bishop of Cairo, Bishop Coadjutor of
Springfield, of the City of Cairo, Illinois, do make, publish, and declare
this, as and for my Last Will and Testament, hereby revoking all former
wills by me made.
First. First of all, I commit myself, soul and body, into the hands
of Jesus Christ, my Lord and Saviour, in Whose Merits alone I trust, look
ing for the Resurrection of the Body and the Life of the World to come.
Fourteenth. All the rest and residue of my Estate, personal and real,
not in this my Will otherwise specifically devised, wheresoever situate, and
whether legal or equitable, I give, devise, and bequeath to "The Western
Theological Seminary, Chicago, Illinois," above mentioned, but neverthe
less In Trust, provided it shall accept the trust by an instrument in writ
ing so stating, filed with this Will in the Court where probated, within six
months after the probate of this AVill— for the general purpose of promot
ing the Catholic Faith, in its purity and integrity, as taught in Holy Scrip
ture, held by the Primitive Church, summed up in the Creeds and
affirmed by the undisputed General Councils, and, in particular, to be
used only and exclusively for the purposes following, to wit : —
(1) The establishment, endowment, printing, and due circulation
of a yearly Sermon, to be delivered annually forever, in memory of my
dear wife, Anna McK. T. Hale, to be known as "The Hale Memorial Ser
mon," and
(2) The establishment, endowment, publication and due circula
tion of Courses of Lectures,, to be delivered annually forever, to be called
"The Hale Lectures."
The subject of this Sermon shall be some branch of Church Work,
in any part of the world, which, in the judgment of the Trustees of "The
Western Theological Seminary, Chicago, Illinois," deserves to be better
5

6 EXTRACTS FROM WILL
known, in order that it may be more adequately appreciated. These ser
mons shall be preached at such time and place as the said Trustees of The
Western Theological Seminary, Chicago, Illinois, may appoint, and shall
be printed in a style similar to the Sermons of this kind already published
under my direction, viz: "Confucianism in its relation to Christianity,"
and "The Religion of the Dakotas." One hundred copies of each of these
Sermons are to be given, so soon as they come from the press, to the
preacher thereof, and one copy of such Sermon is, so soon thereafter as
may be, to be sent to each Bishop in the Anglican Communion, and to
such other Bishops as may be in full communion with these Bishops, to
the Patriarchs and other chief Hierarchs of the Orthodox Eastern
Churches, and to the chief Public Libraries throughout the world. Should
it be, at any time, deemed expedient to offer any of these Sermons for
sale, the entire receipts, over and above the expenses incurred in such
sale, shall be given to "The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society
of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America,"
a Corporation existing under the laws of the State of New York, for the
uses of said Society.
The preacher of the Hale Memorial Sermon shall always be a clergy
man of the American Church, commonly called "The Protestant Episco
pal Church," or of some Church in communion with the same, or of one
of the Orthodox Eastern Churches.

The Western Theological Seminary has gladly accepted the
Trusteeship as outlined in the above extracts from the will of
the late Bishop Hale.
It will be the aim of the Seminary, through the Hale Ser
mons, to make from time to time some valuable contributions
to certain of the Church problems of the day, without
thereby committing itself to the utterances of its own
selected Preachers.

Religious Orders in the
Anglican Communion

RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN THE ANGLICAN
COMMUNION.
St. Matt, xviii., 4. — Whosoever therefore shall humble himself
as this little child, the same is greatest in the Kingdom of
Heaven.
xix., 11-12. — But he said unto them. All men cannot receive this
saying, save they to whom it is given. For there are some
eunuchs, which were so horn from their mother's womb; and
there are some eunuchs, which were made eunuchs of men;
and there be eunuchs, which have made themselves eunuchs
for the Kingdom of Heaven's sake. He that is able to re
ceive it, let him receive it.
xix., 21. — Jesus said unto him, If thou wilt be perfect, go and
sell thai thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt
have treasure in Heaven; and come and follow Me.
In these words our Lord lays down what we
know in the Catholic religion as the "Counsels of
Perfection"— Obedience, Chastity, and Poverty.
They are the basis of what is known as the
"Regular" or "Religious" Life. They are coun
sels, not commands: "If thou wilt be perfect";
"All men cannot receive this saying, save they to
whom it is given"; "He that is able to receive it,
let him receive it." But unnumbered multitudes
both of men and women have received it during
the entire history of our holy religion, and God has
given them the necessary grace. Some people He
9

10 RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN
calls to regal command, others to absolute obedi
ence ; some to blessed wedded life, with ' ' children,
like the olive branches, round about their table";
others to give their whole hearts with all their
wealth of affection to Him whom the angels love
supremely. Some He calls to princely wealth,
"that they may have to give to him that needeth" ;
others to absolute poverty, finding in Him their
only riches. We must all "do our duty in that state
of life unto which it has pleased God to call us."
God works in various, as well as mysterious, ways.
Many of us would reduce all life to a dead level,
and envy every one to whom God has given some
thing He has not thought wise for us. There is in
tense variety in all life, and no "dead level" any
where, except in the Churchyard, where we have
sown in bitter tears, to reap in the resurrection
where "one star differeth from another star in
glory." Our Lord is Himself the pattern, not only of
His commands, but of His "Counsels of Perfec
tion" also.
Obedience. Even in His childhood He might
. often have said to His Mother, when given direc
tions about some household duty, or to St. Joseph,
when told how to lay out some piece of work in the
carpenter shop, "I know better how to do this

THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION 11
than you do. My mind laid out the Heavens, and
My hands set the stars in their courses." But in
stead, "He went down to Nazareth and was sub
ject unto them. " During His public ministry His
constant statements, "it is written," and "that the
Scriptures might be fulfilled," remind us that not
only were the principles of that great life laid
down, but that it was cast in an iron moiild prepared
in advance and revealed in marvelous detail in the
Old Testament. To this rule of life He was ever
obedient, not only in the great principles but in the
most minute matters: "Wist ye not that I must
be about My Father's business?" "I came not to
do Mine own will but the will of Him that sent
Me"; "I do always the things that please Him";
"Not My Will, but Thine, be done" ; are only a few
of these axioms of His life. This obedience was
stretched to the most extreme limits, as when He
tells us that some most important matters affect
ing His own future were withheld from His hu
man mind so that He could only obey, as we should
say, blindly; as when He says: "Of that day and
that hour knoweth no man, not even the Son, but
the Father"; and St. Paul sums up the whole of
His rule of life in these great words: "He was
obedient unto death, even the death of the cross."
Chastity in Him was no mere negative thing of

12 RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN
"thought, word, and deed." His words to Blessed
Mary in His boyhood, when He remained in the
Temple instead of following to their home, "Wist
ye not that I must be about My Father's busi
ness % " at the marriage feast with which He began
His public ministry, "Woman, what have I to do
with thee?" and His giving Blessed Mary to St.
John at last and sending them from the Cross
when He so greatly needed a loving presence and
a tender hand, only suggest the immensity of that
human Love, that was fixed so supremely on God
that it could love man with a love in which there
was nothing of Earth and all of Heaven.
Of His poverty I need hardly speak. He might
have been born in the palace of Augustus, instead
of the cave-stable at Bethlehem. In His youth He
earned His widowed Mother's bread by the sweat
of His brow in the carpenter shop. During His
ministry He said "Foxes have holes and the birds
of the air have nests, but the Son of Man hath not
where to lay His head." "He sent them to their
homes, but He went to the Mount of Olives. ' ' As
He went to Jerusalem He sought fruit on the bar
ren fig tree. "The time of figs-was not yet"; that
is, ripe figs. He went to that day of herculean
labor so hungry that He would gladly have satis
fied Himself with the insipidness of green figs.

THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION 13
At the Cross the soldiers gambled for His one
possession, the ' ' coat without seam, woven though-
out" by the loving hands of one of the women that
followed Him. He died between two outcasts, and
was indebted to Joseph of Arimathea for a burial
place. Obedience, Chastity, Poverty. These were the
gladly accepted state of life unto which it pleased
His Father to call Him. "Who follows in His
train?" He trained His Apostles in His "Counsels of
Perfection": "Go into the village over against
you, and ye shall find an ass tied and a colt with
her. Loose them and bring them unto Me"; "Go
into the city and at your entering ye shall find a
man bearing a pitcher of water. Follow him.
.... He shall show you a large upper room
furnished. There make ready the Passover."
There were many questions to be asked. They
asked none. ' ' Lord, and what shall this man do ? "
"If I will that He tarry till I come, what is that
to thee? Follow thou Me!" He demanded the
complete surrender of their wills to Him ; the abso
lute, blind, implicit obedience of perfect faith.
"He that loveth father or mother more than Me
is not worthy of Me. He that loveth son or daugh
ter more than Me is not worthy of Me. He that

14 RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN
taketh not up His cross and followeth after Me,
is not worthy of Me." "Lord, first let me go and
bury my father." .... "Let the dead bury
their dead. Come thou and follow Me." Andrew
and Peter left their boats and all that they had.
James and John left their nets and their father
and all that they had. Levi left his business and
all that he had.
He sent His disciples "two and' two before His
face into every city and place whither He Himself
would come," saying, "Go your ways; behold I
send you forth as lambs among wolves. Carry
neither purse, nor scrip, nor shoes; and salute no
man by the way. And into whatsoever house ye
enter, first say, Peace be to this house 
And in the same house remain eating and drinking
such things as they give ; for the laborer is worthy
of his hire. Go not from house to house."
At last St. Peter could say: "Behold we have
forsaken all and followed Thee ; what shall we have
therefore?" and our Lord replied beginning with
that dear "Verily I say unto you," "Ye which
have followed Me in the regeneration, when the
Son of Man shall sit in the throne of His Glory,
ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the
twelve tribes of Israel. And every one that hath
forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father,

THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION 15
or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for My
Name's sake, shall receive an hundred-fold and
shall inherit everlasting life."
Our Lord undoubtedly sanctified all our lawful
states of life, and lifted Marriage into a higher and
a sacramental place as the very type of His Incar
nation and His union with His Church. For this,
blessed be His Holy Name ! Into this Holy Estate
the vast majority of His children in all ages are
called. Most of us, priests and laity, men and
women, as St. Paul says, "have a right to lead about
a wife, a sister, as the brethren of the Lord and
Cephas." Few of us would question this. The
homes of the married clergy of England and her
daughters have, we believe, generally been patterns
and examples for the people to follow, and have
contributed much to the elevation and sanctifica-
tion of our English speaking home life. In the
homes of clergy and laity alike have grown up
holy souls "of whom the world was not worthy,"
who sit now with our Lord "in His throne"; and
doubtless unnumbered multitudes of these holy
souls will yet grow up, to whom Holy Matrimony
will be indeed a great sacrament and the very gate
of heaven. But that is not the subject assigned
me to-night.
Against these "Counsels of Perfection" as

16 RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN
taught by our Lord, illustrated perfectly in His
life, and in which He trained others, the waves of
the world's fanatical prejudice and impotent ra
tionalism have beat, and will beat, as a fierce
storm; but they beat against the Rock Itself,
"which can never be moved but standeth fast for
ever. ' '
I have not time to deal with that early and ten
tative state of the Church in Jerusalem when they
had "all things common"; with St. Paul's great
life, his discussion of the two states, "wedded in
the Lord" and "single for the Kingdom of Heav
en's sake"; with the orders of "Widows" and
"Virgins" of which he writes; or with the ref
erence to Philip's four daughters, who were
"Virgins." As Canon Bright has said, the Church
in the first centuries passed through a succession
of tunnels and we know little of her interior life,
but incidental references in the writings of St.
Ignatius in the beginning, of St. Justin Martyr in
the middle, and of Tertullian at the end of the sec
ond century, bear ample witness that the Church
did not lack for either men or women vowed to a
consecrated life of chastity and poverty.
Early in the third century the curtain lifts over
Egypt, and the valley of the Nile is peopled with
multitudes of ascetics. Later in the same century

THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION 17
St. Anthony gathers a great band of them about
him and becomes their leader. St. Basil, Bishop
of Caesarea, who died before our Nicene Creed was
completed at the Second General Council, formed
and wrote the rule which governs all monasteries
and convents in the Eastern Church to this day.
Early in the sixth century St. Benedict founded
the monastery at Monte Casino, whose majestic
buildings still crown the glorious Mount and pre
sent the most inspiring view on the railway between
Naples and Rome. His sister, St. Scholastica,
founded the convent for women near-by. St. Bene
dict here wrote the rule which has been followed
substantially by all monastic, bodies in the West
since the sixth century.
The early history of Celtic Britain is almost
lost in the mists of the past. But the glimpses we
get of it in the early part of the fifth century show
it essentially monastic everywhere. In 432 St.
Ninian, a bishop from a British monastery, went
as a missionary to Scotland, and though the results
of his labor were not apparently great, they prob
ably survived until later succour arrived. About
the middle of the fifth century St. Patrick, who
was probably born near the present boundary line
between England and Scotland, and who is re
ported to have been the son of a deacon and the

18 RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN
grandson of a priest, after having been taken as a
slave to Ireland went to the great monastery of
St. Martin at Tours, and then, as a bishop and
monk, returned to convert Ireland to the Christian
religion. From the middle of the fifth to near the end of
the sixth century occurred the Anglo-Saxon con
quest of England, in which the Church, save in
Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, was destroyed. The
Anglo-Saxons were in the good providence of God
converted to the Christian religion, in the early
part of the seventh century, by the monks from
Rome under St. Augustine who made Canterbury
their headquarters, and the monks of the ancient
Scoto-Irish Church from Iona, who made their
headquarters at Lindisf arne, or the Holy Isle, and
who converted two-thirds of what is now England.
These two missions were subsequently united, and
after absorbing the ancient British Church of
Wales, became the Church of England. To the
Religious Orders we owe our English, speaking
Christianity. In the year 1535 Henry VIII. compelled his
Parliament to pass an Act dissolving and giving
into the King's hands all Religious Houses whose
annual rental was not more than £200 on the
ground of laxity and immorality, though just what

THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION 19
the smallness of their income had to do with the
laxity and immorality I have never been able to
understand. This first Act of dissolution declared
that in the ' ' great and solemn monasteries religion
was well kept and observed." This brought into
the King's hands 376 monasteries, etc., with an an
nual rental of £32,000, besides £100,000 of personal
property ; sums which must be multiplied by ten to
approximate to their amount at the present time.
The King, having disposed of this huge sum, either
in riotous living or in the purchase of the support
of his great lords, four years later procured an
Act of Parliament giving to him all the other re
ligious houses that might in the future be "sur
rendered" to him. But the Act itself did not en
join the suppression of Religious Houses, nor was
one word contained in it impugning their order or
discipline, or bringing any charges of immorality
or neglect of duty. But Cromwell, King Henry's
Prime Minister, had his own methods of compell
ing the monks and nuns to give up their houses to
the King. Since then wholesale accusations have
been made against those Religious Orders, based,
so far as they have any foundation at all, on the
reports of the King's commissioners, Leighton,
Leigh, Petre, and London, men of such grossly im
moral lives, and interested so profoundly in the

20 RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN
money at stake and in the King's good pleasure,
that no unprejudiced person can place any reliance
upon their reports. Moreover, these monks and
nuns were drawn for the most part from the great
middle class of English people, and had the confi
dence and affection of the great mass of the nation
as devoutly religious persons; and I, for one, for
the honor of our race, decline to believe wholesale
charges against them on the testimony of Henry's
tools. The Church of England did not suppress the
monasteries, nor had she any hand in it. It was
solely the work of a King whom humanity has, as
yet, failed to credit with any very high moral or
spiritual ideals.
But grant any reasonable abuses ; what depart
ment of human life has not suffered from them?
Commerce, science, government, marriage, the
Church, the Bible itself, have been used for im
moral purposes. The argument proves entirely
too much. To avoid abuses we must get out of the
world altogether.
The first modern effort at the organized revival
of the Religious Life in the Church of England
was in 1625, at Little Gidding, by that saintly man,
Nicholas Ferrar, who was, by the way, a member
of the company that inspired and controlled

THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION 21
the first English settlement in America— that at
Jamestown, Virginia. While his Religious Com
munity at Little Gidding is of devout and inspir
ing interest, I cannot dwell upon it here, save to
note that the English Church has never been with
out many persons who cultivated in unobtrusive
ways the principles of Christian asceticism, and
prayed God for the revival of the Religious Orders.
But the actual and permanent revival of the
Religious Life in our Communion began in 1845,
when the saintly leader Edward Pusey, and the
far-seeing statesman William E. Gladstone, di
rected the formation of a small community of de
vout ladies at Park Village, London. Three or
four years later Miss Sellon began a similar work
at Devenport. In 1848 the Rev. William John Butler, after
ward Dean of Lincoln, founded the community of
St. Mary the Virgin, at Wantage, in the diocese of
Oxford. It has since grown into a great Sister
hood, with thirty- four, branch houses in England,
Africa, and India.
In 1851 the Rev. Canon Carter founded the
Community of St. John the Baptist, at Clewer,
near Winsdor, which now has forty branch houses
in England and India, and a province on this side
of the Atlantic.

22 RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN
In the same year the Rev. W. Upton Richards
founded the Society of the All Saint's' Sisters of
the Poor, at St. Albans, which now has fifteen
branch houses in England, Scotland, Africa, and
India, and a province in the United States.
In 1855 Dr. John Mason Neale founded the
Society of the Sisters of St. Margaret, at East
Grinstead, in the diocese of Chichester, which now
has thirty-seven branch houses in England, Scot
land, Wales, Africa, and India, and a province in
this country.
The same year, the Rev. A. D. Wagner founded
the Community of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at
Brighton, in the diocese of Chichester.
In 1856 Lavinia Crosse founded the All Hal
lows Community, at Ditchingham, in the diocese
of Norwich, which now has seven branches in Eng
land and one in British Columbia.
In 1857 the Rev. Charles F. Lowder founded
the Sisters of the Holy Cross, at Hay ward's
Heath, in the diocese of Chichester, which now has
five branch houses.
In 1859 the Rev Canon John Sharp founded
the Community of St. Peter the Apostle, at Hor-
bury, in the diocese of Wakefield, which now has
six branch houses.
In 1861 Rosamira Lancaster founded the Com-

THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION 23
munity of St. Peter, at Kilburn, London, which
now has twenty branch houses. Since then there
have been founded the Community of the Holy
Name, at Malvern Link, in the diocese of Wor
cester; the Community of the. Holy Rood, at Mid-
dleborough, in the archdiocese of York ; the Sister
hood of SS. Mary and John, at Chiswick, London;
the Community of St. Laurence, at Belper, in the
diocese of Southwell; St. Katharine of Egypt, at
Fulham, London ; the Community of the Epiphany.
at Truro, Cornwall ; the Anglican congregation of
St. Benedict, at West Mailing, Kent, and at Bal-
tonsborough; the Sisters of Bethany, at Penton-
ville, London; the Sisters of the Church, at Kil-
bourn, London; the Sisterhood of the Ascension,
at Portman Square, London; the Sisters of Char
ity, at Knowle, in the diocese of Bristol ; the Com
munity of St. Michael and All Angels, at Bury St.
Edmunds, in the diocese of Ely; St. Thomas the
Martyr, at Oxford; the Congregation of the Sis
ters of Christ, at Clemsford, in the diocese of St.
Albans; St. Deny's, at Warminster, in the diocese
of Salisbury; the Scottish Society of Reparation,
at Hardgate, in the diocese of Aberdeen; and the
Community of St. Andrew of Scotland, at Joppa,
Midlothian. These are all Sisterhoods.
In 1866 Fathers Benson, Grafton, and O'Neil

24 RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN
founded the Society of the Mission Priests of St.
John the Evangelist, at Cowley St. John, Oxford.
It was the first of the communities of men and has
grown into a great Order, with two branch houses
in India, one in Africa, and one in this country.
In 1892 Dr. Charles Gore, at present Bishop of
Birmingham, founded at Mirfield, Yorkshire, the
Community of the Resurrection, which has two
branch houses in Africa.
In 1893 the Rev. Herbert Kelly founded at
Newark-on-Trent, the Society of the Sacred Mis
sion, an order of men, which has two branch houses
in Africa. The Society of the Divine Compassion, a Fran
ciscan order, was founded at Plaistow in 1894.
The first Anglican Religious Order on this side
of the Atlantic was the Sisterhood of the Holy
Communion, founded in New York, by the Rev.
Dr. Muhlenburg in 1852.
In 1863 the rector of St. Luke's Church, Balti
more, founded the Sisterhood of the Good Shep
herd, whose home is now in St. Louis.
In 1865 Harriet Starr Cannon founded the
Community of St. Mary. Its mother house is at
Peekskill, New York, and it has thirteen branch
houses. In 1871 Bishop Little John of Long Island

THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION 25
founded the Sisters of the Community of St. John
the Evangelist, at Brooklyn, New York.
In 1872 the Mission Priests of St. John the
Evangelist founded their House in Boston.
In 1873 the Bishop of Albany founded the Sis
terhood of the Holy Child Jesus, with the mother
house at Albany, New York. It has now four
branch houses.
The same year the Sisters of St. Margaret es
tablished their House in Boston. They have now
nine branch houses in this country, and one in
Canada. Since then the All Saints* Sisters of the Poor
have established their House in Baltimore, and
have five branch houses (besides establishing the
Sisterhood of St. Mary and All Saints, for colored
women, in Baltimore) ; and the Sisters of St. John
the Baptist have established their House in New
York, and have nine branch houses.
In 1881 the Rev. James O. S. Huntington
founded the Order of the Holy Cross, for priests.
Its mother house is at West Park, New York, and
it has two branch houses.
In 1882 Bishop Grafton of Fond du Lac
founded the Sisterhood of the Holy Nativity,
which has its mother house at Fond du Lac, and
six branch houses.

26 RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN
Since then there have been founded the Sister
hood of St. John the Divine in Toronto, with five
branch houses ; the Sisterhood of the Annunciation
of the Blessed Virgin Mary, New York City, with
two branch houses ; the Society of St. Joseph of
Nazareth, Bronxville, N. Y. ; the Society of the
Epiphany, Washington, D. C. ; and the Community
of the Transfiguration, Glendale, Ohio.
Besides the great host of Religious in our Com
munion in Great Britain and her dependencies, we
have now in the United States fourteen Sisterhoods,
and two Religious Orders of men, with many times
that number of Houses, and a multitude of men
and women who "count not their lives dear unto
themselves" that they may win Christ, and win the
world for Him. They teach the young, conduct
orphanages, hospitals, and houses of mercy. They
work in parochial missions, in the slums of our
great cities, among the Indians in our desert places,
nursing the sick and ministering to the poor in in
stitutions and in their homes.
Religious Orders are no longer on trial among
us. Ask the Religious themselves if they find not
in this life "the peace that passeth understand
ing. ' ' As well ask me to prove that the sun shines
as that the love these consecrated men and women
bear toward God overflows in streams of blessing

THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION 27
toward mankind. It is primarily a Life, not a
work; a life of devotion to God; but because a life,
it becomes a work also.
But does it not limit and hamper the usefulness
of men and women ? On the contrary, it sets them
free from "all worldly cares and studies," to the
free use of every ability they have, of nature or
of grace. But is it not an anachronism, a form of life
which was stereotyped in by-gone ages, and ill
suited to the needs of this twentieth century? In
the earliest ages they were Hermits, then Monks,
then Friars, then Educators, then Sisters of Mercy.
While the life itself remains unchanged, its out
ward form has always changed with the various
races and ages in which they have lived, and to-day
there is no avenue of human need which they are
not treading and where they are not working
to the greater glory of God and the blessing of
mankind. I speak with much diffidence, for I am not a
Religious. But if the number of Religious in this
land were doubled, the Church's work in America
would go forward with leaps and bounds. The
very dress of a Sister on the street is a rebuke to
the pride, sensuality, and covetousness of the age,

28 RELIGIOUS ORDERS.
and speaks with a tongue that all men understand,
of the reality of the unseen world.
As a Bishop, my heart and mind are ever
weighed down with the feebleness of the Church
among this great, prosperous American people.
The Lord's voice is calling through the land
for willing hands to lift His trailing banners
from the dust and bear them on to victory. De
liverance will come sometime, somehow. We have
the Faith, the Ministry, the Sacraments, the Wor
ship of the ages as given by the Incarnate God
Himself. Our race was won to Christ first by the
monks. We have no money, no tools with which
to work in this age of great material industry and
wealth; but by God's grace we will win America
yet, if it has to be done on sandaled feet ! O God,
show us the way, and give us the grace, for
Christ's dear sake!

Appendix

I. RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION

COMMUNITIES OF MEN.

Legal Name.

1. Society of the Mis
sion Priests of St.
John the Evangel
ist.

Founded.

1865

Founder.

Location of
Motheb House.

Eev. Richard M.

1872 (U.S.A.)

Cowley St. John
(Oxford).
p"' .. Affiliated House
Benson. B 0 s t 0 n
U. S. A.

6<
° X <i
a o a
H -A m
a *> P
PfflB

2. Order of the Holy
Cross.

3. Community of the
Resurrection.

1881

1892

Rev. J. O. S. Hunt
ington.

West Park, N. Y.

Society of the Sa- 1so,
cred Mission. 1Bad

Rev. Charles Gore. Mirfield,' Yorkshire.

Kelham/ Newark-on-
Trent,
Rev. Herbert Kelly, ^j.^. in South
Province in East
Africa.

Wheee
Working.

England,India,S. Africa,
Boston.

West Park, N Y.,
2 Sewanee, Tenn.,
Kent, Conn.

England,S. Africa (2)

England,S. Africa,
E. Africa.

Character oe
Work.

Missionary, Educa
tional, Literary,
Preaching Mis
sions, Holding Re
treats, etc.
Retreats, Missions,
Conferences, Edu
cational, Literary-
Pastoral, Evangelist
ic, Missions, Edu
cational, Literary.

Theological College
Work, Foreign
Missionary Work,
Home Mission
Parishes.

w MMi— i
O i— i
oagqO w uw
03

Society of the Di
vine Compassion. Jan. 20, 1894
(Franciscan.)

Plaistow.

1 England.

Parochial Mission
Work on Religious
Lines, Handi
crafts.

6. Anglican Congrega
tion of the Strict
Observance of the
Holy Rule of St.
Benedict (Order of
St. Benedict).

1898

Three Houses :
1. Isle of Caldey
Dom Aelred Carlyle „ ^°?ks)-Mallin„
(Present Ahhot nf *¦ V'?s.t Mailing

(Present Abbot of
Caldey).

Abbey, Kent
(Nuns).
3. Baltonsborough
(Nuns).

England.

Contemplative Life
under the Rule of
St. Benedict (En
closed).

1. Community of St.
Mary the Virgin.

1848

COMMUNITIES OF WOMEN.
Rev. Wm. John But
ler (Dean of Lin- WantageT Berkshire 34 f nff5%,
coin, and some- (Oxford Diocese) B>. Airica,
time Vicar of (uxtorQ diocese). In(Jia-
Wantage).

Educational, Peni
tentiary, Hospi
tals, Orphanages,
Mission Work of
all kinds.

2. Society of the Holy
and Undivided Trin
ity.

Dec. 23, 1849

Marian Rebecca
Hughes.

Community of St.
John the Baptist.

1851

Canon Carter.

1881 (U.S.A.)

Woodstock Road
(Oxford).

Clewer, England
(Oxford).
Affiliated House in
the United States,
233 E. 17th St.,
New York City.

Society of the All
Saints Sisters of
the Poor.

1851

1890 (U.S.A.)

Rev. W. Upton Rich- St. Albans, England
ards. (St. Albans).
Affiliated House in
the United States,
Baltimore, Mary
land.

5. Society of the Sis
ters of St. Mar
garet.

[Continued on next
pace.]

1855

Rev. John
Neale.

Mason East Grinstead
(Chichester).
Affiliated Houses :
1. St. Margaret's
of Scotland
(Aberdeen).
2. St. Saviour's
Priory (Lon
don).

40

15

30

Diocesan.

England, India.
New York,
New Jersey,
Oregon.

England, Scotland, India,S. Africa.
Baltimore,
Philadelphia.

England,
Wales, India,S. Africa.

2 Scotland.

5 London.

Intercessory Prayer,
Instruction and
Protection of
Girls, Work
among the Poor.
Educational, Peni
tentiary, Hospi
tals, Orphanages,
Houses of Rest,
Church Embroid
ery, Parochial
Mission Work of
all kinds.
Work among the
Poor, Charitable
Institutions, In
door Industries.

Hospitals, Houses of
Rest, Orphanages,
Penitent iary
Work, Education
al, Parochial Mis
sion Work of all
kinds, Church Em
broidery.

>
oMQ>
aoa !z|mO

Legal- Name.

Society of tlie Sis
ters of St. Margaret
(Continued).

1873 (U.S.A.)

Location, of
Mother House.

o y m
BOH

Where
Working.

Character of
WoitK.

3. St. Margaret's
Convent (Bos
ton, Mass. (U.
S. A.).

10

Montreal, Can
ada,
Boston, Mass.,
Newark, N. J.,
Jersey City, N. J.
Cape May City,
N: J.
Philadelphia, Pa.

6' Bta^edmtJV i9r g^n July 2, 1855 Rev. A. D. Wagner, ^Chic^este^)'8"011 '1 England.
Mary. v

Cross.

9. Community of St.
Peter the Apostle.

beth Neale.

ter).

Rev. Canon John R , fWake-
1859 Sharp and Mrs. hi S„iJi\ y twaKe
Sidney Lear.

field).

Educational, Peni
tentiary, Paro
chial Mission
Work, Embroidery-

7. All Hallows' Com- -,„„ -, 1SF;fi Lavinia Crosse Ditchingham, Nor- „
munity. Jan. 1, ISob (Mother Lavinia). folk (Norwich). °

Parochial Mission
England (7), Work, House of
Yale, British Co- Mercy, Hospitals,
Iumbia (1). Orphanages, Edu
cational.

c tn.f.„ „f +,,„ xi„i„ Rev. C. F. Lowder Hayward's Heath,
8. bisteis of the Holy gept_ 1857 and Misg Eliza_ Sussex (Chiches- 5 England.

6 England.

Mission Work, Or
phanages,. Conva
lescent Homes.
Educational, Peni
tentiary, Paro
chial Mission, Em
broidery, Prison
Visiting.

w wt-lI— I
Qi— i
oa03O w wwM

10- £°£munlty of St June 29, 1861 Rosamira Lancaster. K'f^ N' W' (Lon- 20

Nursing, Houses of
Rest, Laundry,
England. Embroidery, Paro
chial Mission
Work.

11. Sisterhood of the 1Qro Rector of St. Luke's ot T„„:„ -vr:,,^,,,.!
Good Shepherd. l8G3 Church, Baltimore. St LouIS- Missoun.

Diocesan.

Educational.

12. Community of St.
Mary.

Harriet Starr Can- Peekskill, New York
1S65 non (Mother Har- (Eastern Prov-
riet). ince).
Kenosha, Wisconsin
(Western Prov
ince^ 
Sewanee, Tennessee
( Southern Prov
ince).
Malvern Link
(Worcester).

Peekskill, New York,
Long Island.

13" Ho^Nami °f *" ^'d^1"* Rev. Geo. Herbert.

14. Community of the
Holy Rood.

15. Sisters of the Com
munity of St. John
the Evangelist.
16. Sisterhood of the
Holy Child Jesus.
17. Community of St.
Lawrence.'
18. St. Katharine of
Egypt.

19. Community of the
Epiphany.

20. Sisterhood of St.
Mary and All Saints
(Colored).

1865

1867

1871

1873

1874

1879

1880

1880

Mrs. Newcomer and North Ormesby, Mid-
Mr. Redcar. dlesbrough (York)

Rt. Rev. Abram 492 Herkimer St.,
Newkirk Little- Brooklyn, Long
john. Island.
Rt. Rev. Wm. Cros- 41 Elk St., Albany,
well Doane. New York.
Rev. E. A. Hillyard
and Mrs. Ellen Belper (Southwell).
Lee.
Paulina Bozzi Gran- Normand House,
ville. Fulham (London).

V% J""nSOnf (L?£ Truro, Cornwall

Primus of the
Scotch Church).

(Truro).

Educational, Peni
tentiary, Hospi
tals, Children's
Homes, Parochial

Kenosha,Chicago,Davenport, Iowa. Missions.

Rev. R. II. Paine. Baltimore, Md.

o Sewanee,Memphis.

12 England.EDgland.

Diocesan.
4 Diocesan.
2 England.
4 England.
6 Diocesan. Baltimore.

Mission Work in
every branch.
Hospitals, Orphan
ages, Parish Work,
Church Embroid
ery, Visiting Work
house.
Care of Institutions
on the Church
Charity Founda
tion.
Educational.

Nursing, House of
Rest, Parochial
Mission Work.
Prison and Rescue
Work.
Convalescent Homes,
Church Needle
work, Parochial
Mission Work,
Lending Library.
Industrial School
and Mission Work
among their own
race.

hrl
o
o >
Sz|Qod i— i
o iz!

21.

Legal Name.

Sisterhood of
Holy Nativity.

the

Sisterhood of St.
John the Divine.

23. Sisterhood of the
Annunciation of the
Blessed Virgin
Mary.
24. Society of St. Jo
seph of Nazareth.

25. Society of
Epiphany.

the

Founded. 1882 1884 18871892 1897

Founder.

Location oe
Mother House.

o x &
n < s

Rt. Rev Chas. Chap- Fond du Lac wis.
man Grafton.

Mrs. S. H. B. Coome
and Rev. C. P. Tbronto, Canada.
Ford.

House of the An-
The present Rev. nunciation, 3740
Mother. Broadway, New
York.

Elizabeth, S.S.J.N. Bronxville, N. Y.

Rt. Rev. Henry 3017 O St., Wash-
Yates Satterlee. ington, D. C.

"¦ SSHSSS«2£ ^ Aug. 6, 1898 ^M^her^T^'en^e, Hamilton

Where
Working.

Character op
Work.

CO

Lac,

Fond du
Wis.,
Providence, R. I.,
Oneida, Wis. (In
dians).
Portland, Maine.
New York City.
Milwaukee, Wis.

Canada.

Intercessory Prayer,
Parochial Mission
Work, Lending Li
brary, Church
Needlework, Con
valescent Homes,
House of Rest.
Educational, Hospi
tal, Homes for the
Aged, Church Em
broidery, Paro
chial Mission
Work.

w„„ v„,ir n;+„ Homes for Crippled
«te„™£S S; and Incurable Chil-
Stamford, Conn. o^-en

Transfiguration,

Mary, C.T.).

Bronxville.

Diocesan.

. Ohio,
N. Carolina.

Training and Teach
ing Girls of good
character.
Educational.
Homes for Children,
Homes for Aged
Women, Mission
Work.

o M
od mO dww

27. Order of St Bene- g "Communities for Men," No. 6.
diet.

28. Sisters of Bethany.

Lloyd Sq., Penton-
vile. W. C. (Lon
don).

6 England.

Hospitals, Training
Girls for Service,
General Parochial
Work, Embroid
ery.

29. Sisterhood of SS.
Mary and John.

1868

Burlington Lane,
Chiswick (Lon
don).

England.

Nursing, Parochial
Work.

30. Sisters of the
Church.

31. Sisterhood of the

Ascension.

32. Sisters of Charity.

33. Community of St.
Michael and All
Angels.

34. St. Thomas the
Martyr.

35. Congregation of the
Servants of Christ.

36. St. Denys.

1894

England,
Randolph Gardens, r,,,.,. Canada,
Kilburn, N. W. "JJ? India.
(London). Australia,S. Africa.

21 Seymour St.,
Portman Sq., W. 7 England.
(London).

Knowle (Bristol).

1847

1897

14 England.

BU(Elv)St EdmUndS 7 England.

Rev. Canon Cham
berlain.

Oxford.

9 England.

House of Prayer, England,
Pleskey, Chelms-* 3 Foreign
ford (St. Albans). Missions.

Warminster, Wilts
(Salisbury)

2 England.

Educational, Peni
tentiary, Orphan
ages, Hospitals,
Church Embroid
ery, Parochial Mis
sion Work.
Educational, Paro
chial Mission
Work.
Parochial Mission
Work, Day Nurs
ery, Convalescent
Homes, Industrial
Home, Orphan-

Educational, Or
phanages, Houses
of Rest, Parochial
Mission Work.
Parochial Work, Em
broidery, Indus
trial Training, Ed
ucational, Orphan-
Nursing.

Intercessory Prayer,
Foreign Mission
Work, Training
Women for Mis
sionaries.
Training Women for
Mission Work
at Home and
Abroad, Orphan
ages, School for
Girls.

1-3
wd
Q K
Qao
ao

Legal Name.

37. Scottish Society of
Reparation. 1 S 1 0
38. Community of St.
Andrew of Scot- 188u
land.
39. Sisterhood of the 18r;9
Holy Communion.

Dr. Muhlenberg.

Location op
Mother House.

Bethany, Hardgate,
Aberdeen.

k u s
a r, "
« -"i 5
!s K O

Where
Working.

Scotland.

Joppa, Midlothian. 1 Scotland.
328 Sixth Ave., New N York
York City. "ew xorK'

Character of
Work.

Educational, Paro
chial Mission
Work, Home for
Girls.
Penitentiary Work.

Parochial Work.

Mission

wdt-lI— I
o M
od02o Wdd
.w GO

-SzJ

THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION 37
II. Comparison Between the Number of Anglican
Sisters in the Sixteenth and in the
Twentieth Centuries.
The oft-repeated statement that there are more women in
Religion in the Anglican Communion to-day than at the time of
the "Suppression" under Henry VIII. is more than substantiated
by the following tables.
Canon Dixon probably treats the suppression of the monas
teries more exhaustively than any other writer. The list of "nun- '
neries suppressed" given below has been carefully prepared from
his history, and where the number of nuns is not stated by him a
generous allowance has been made.
It seems impossible to get an exact statement of the number
of Sisters to-day, as many of our largest communities withhold
this information, e. g., St. Mary's, Wantage, St. John Baptist,
Sisters of the Church, All Saints, etc. ' However a sufficient num
ber have replied in this particular to show that there are probably
twice as many women in our Eeligious Houses now as there were
under Henry VIII.

38

EELIGIOUS OEDEES.

1.
2.3.4.5. 6.7.8.9.
10.11.12. 13.14.15.16.
17. 18.19. 20.
21. 22.23.24. 25.2IJ.
27.28.

withheld

withheld withheld

withheld

ANGLICAN SISTERHOODS AT PRESENT
Name. No.
St. Mary the Virgin 
Society of Holy and Undivided Trinity  24
Sisters St. John Baptist  over 300
Society of All Saints 
Society of Sisters of St. Margaret  250
Community of B. V. M  32
All Hallows Community  50
Sisters of the Holy Cross  69
Community of St. Peter the Apostle  66
Community of St. Peter  103
Sisterhood of the Good' Shepherd 
Community of St. Mary  over 100
Community of the Holy Name  89
Community of the Holy Rood  11
Sisterhood of St. John the Evangelist 
Sisterhood of the Holy Child Jesus  11
Community of St. Lawrence  10
St. Katharine of Egypt  18
Community of the Epiphany  30
Sisterhood of St. Mary and All Saints 
Sisterhood of the Holy Nativity  34
Sisterhood of St. John the Divine  34
Sisterhood Annunciation B. V. M  7
Society of St. Joseph of Nazareth 
Sisterhood of the Epiphany 
Community of the Transfiguration  .'  12
Sisters of the Atonement 
Order of St. Benedict  40

withheld

withheld

1,290

withheld
(51 Monks
and Sisters,
not distin
guished).

NUNNERIES SUPPRESSED BY HENRY VIII.
(Pages 14-199, Dixon, Vol. II.)

1538
Charteris  11
Brewood  5
Grace Dieu  16
Shouldham  7
Chicksand  18
Mailing  11
St. Helen's  10
(London.)
Delapray  10
1539
Lacock  18
Stixwold  13
Polesworth  19
Buckland  12
Canonleigh  18
Shaftesbury  50
Welton  12
Polstow  12
Brusyard  9
Tarent  19
Aldgate  12
St. Mary's  20
(St. Albans.)
St. Mary's  20
(Northampton.)
Hevenings  13
Cotham  12
Irfurd  8

1539
Tosse  8
Elstow  22
Nuneaton  28
Burnham  9
St. Mary's  20
( Winchester. )
Wherwell  20
Amesbury  35
Barking  25
Hampole  15
New Appleton  14
Whitby  20
Nesham  10
Kirkleigh  8
Arthington  8
Swiney  15
Nunkelling  12
St. Mary's  17
(York.)
Walton  9
Godstow  50
Stodely  15
1540
St. Bartholomew's  10
Chester  20
Total  745

I wish to express my thanks to one of the Sisters of the Holy
Nativity for indispensable assistance in collecting the facts and
classifying them in the foregoing tables.

Manufactured by
GAYtORD BROS. Inc.
Syracuse, N.Y.
Stockton, Calif.

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