Yale University Library 39002024732043 Mt •M.rijlU-'' 1^: B;i;t;rfv V;. ' M.t)|i.Si|-.: ¦-: !) ¦i-i ' ' !lj li^ 1il ;4 mi i KlUJ' '•?.ir It ;il!M' YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1937 Miscellaneous Americana. A collection OF HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY AND GENEALOGY. PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM F. BOOGHER, Washington, D. C. Press of Dando Printing and Publishing Co. Philadelphia, Pa. 1883— 1889— 1895. Entered According to Act of Congress in the Year 1889, BY Wm. F. BOOGHER, In the Office of the I^ierarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. Respectfully Dedicated TO THE Historical Department of The American University, Washington, D. C. (iii) CONTENTS. PAGE. Epitome of Penn Wills, etc. By James Coleman, Esq. (Two Illustra tions) I The First Baptist Church of Philadelphia. List of Constituents and other Members. ' By Horatio Gates Jones 8 Transcript from the Family Record of the Vinings of Delaware. With Annotations by Mrs. Ann Ridgely du Pont 20 Mrs. John Jay to Mrs. Robert Morris. With Introduction and Notes by Charles Henry Hart 26 Epigram 44 Robert Morris, of Oxford, Md. (Illustrated) 45 Hon. Henry Moore Ridgely, of Delaware 53 Indenture of Appenticeship of William Kinnersley 55 Historical Papers. With Annotations 58 Colonel Thomas White. Ey Thomas H.. Montgomery 71 Opening of the States General, 1789. Communicated by Charles Henry Hart 76 Historical Papers 80 Reminiscences of John Howard Payne. By Francis Harold Duffee . . 93 Colonel Clement Biddle. Communicated by Walter Livingston Cochrane Biddle, with Notes. (With three Illustrations) loi William Strahan to David Hall. With Introduction and Notes . . . . 117 Materials for American Ante-Reyolntionary History. Compiled by Henry Phillips, Jr 129 Lord Erskine to Robert Walsh. With Note 135 Historical Paper 139 The Coinage of the United States of America. By Henry Phillips, Jr. . 145 Rev. James Abercombie, D. D. With Notes 151 The Mint Coinage of 1796 160 American Ante-Revolutionary History. (Continued from page 134) . . 161 The Welsh Society of Philadelphia. By Horatio Gates Jones 170 Charter Members 1^2 Transcript from the Bible of Timothy Matlack . . . 173 Dr. William Shippen. Ey Charles H. Hart 174 The Parish in Virginia j»y James Madison to Anthony Morris igS Historical Paper from Hugh Hamersley to His Excellency Horatio Sharp, Esquire, Governor of the Province of Maryland, Relative to the Colonies j_q James Greenleaf to Sylvanus Bourne, Esq 210 Warrant for the Arrest of Robert Morris, First Financier 212 Pay Roll of American Prisoners at Chatham, 1814 215 Pay Roll of American Prisoners at Dartmoor 219-220 Letters from General U. S. Grant 221 Letter from Hon. John P. Long ^„. Index to Annotations (only) 224 to 227 (iv) PORTRAITS. Penn Tombs Frontispiece. Mrs. John Jay 26 Robert Morris 45 Hon. Henry M. Ridgely 53 John Howard Payne 93 Hon. David Erskin 134 Hon. Thomas Erskin 135 Lady Frances Erskin 13S Timothy Matlack 173 ARMS AND CRESTS. 'Ridgely 53 Cadwalader 70 Biddle 70 Williams 70 White 70 • Erskin 135 Abercrombie i5o>^. (v) PREFACE. The publisher's first intention was to issue these fragments of history in monthly parts; but, on account of professional engagements and a consequent lack of time, he has concluded to combine the whole in one volume under the comprehensive title of Miscellaneous Americana. His only apology for the publication is his earnest desire to rescue from oblivion historical matter which he deems of great value, and to preserve it in con venient shape for the use and benefit of future historians. Special acknowledgments are due to Mr. Charles Henry Hart, Mr. Horatio Gates Jones and Mr. Henry Phillips, for kind assistance; and also to Mr. James Coleman, of London, Eng land, from whose collection I selected much valuable material, including many of William Penn's private papers. Wm. F. Boogher, Washington, D. C. July pk, iSg^. (vii) C^pviahltd Dec. 27 1B3Z hy- W"' fflaoqlwr FJBDorquun.Lith.BuU. Cof>pn,ahled 2)w. i7 iS»£ hy II "¦ f'3-yoffher T.^wrqvin Zjtti tUl* ^tititnt Wmhs in l^mn (i^l\nrci\ Burks (£jt. (Englanh. HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY AND GENEALOGY. EPITOME OF PENN WILLS,* ETC. All WHICH have been Proved, and are Deposited in THE Probate Court of the Archbishop of Canter bury, Doctors' Coivtmons, London, from 1450 to 1700. OHN PENNE, Citizen and Mer cer of London, to be buried in St. Albans de Wode strete, Lon don. He mentions Alice his Wife, his Sons Ralph, John, and Thomas Penne, his Daughters Alice, Mary, and Margaret, Witnessed by his wife's father, Thomas Ffereby, Executors, John Lok and Wilton Grand. Proved 7 Sep., 1450. Richard Pen, Citizen and Taillor of London, to be buried in the Chapel of St. Ann in the Church of St. Bride, Flete Street. Mentions his Brothers John and Richard Pen, his Sister Lewce, and his Nephew, Thomas Everton. He gives to his brother John the gown that was his wife's. Proved 2 Ap., 1504. * Compiled by James Coleman, Esq. , London. 2 EPITOME OF PENN WILLS. Thomas Penne, of Stone Stratforde, Co. Bucks, Tan ner, to be buried in the Parish Church of St. Giles, Lincoln. Mentions his Sons Roger, Thomas and John, and Daughter Margaret. Proved by John, the Executor, 13 Feby., 1559. John Penne, Esq., to be buried in the Church of Co- dynte. Gives to each of his Daughters, Ellen, Elizabeth, and Dorothy, ^40 when married. He mentions his Son^ Robert; makes his Wife Lucy, Executrix. Proved 6 May, 1559, by his Relict; another Grant to Gyles Penne, 10 Oct., 1560. Anthony Penne, of London, Esq. Mentions his Wife Julyan, Brother William, Sister Cisley ; he also mentions Michael, Clement, and Baptist Hickes. Proved by his Relict, 17 July, 1572. Gilbert Pen, of Fforburie parish, of Bromsgrove. Mentions his Mother, his wife Johanna, and his Son-in- Law William Chaunce. Proved 2 June, 1773, by Johanna, his Relict. John Pen, of Fisked, Co. Somerset, Yoeman, to be buried in the Cathedral , Church of Wells. Mentions his Sons, John, Henry, and Edward, his Daughters Agnes, Mary and Alice, his Daughter-in-Law Jesse Taylor, and his Sister Ellner Strowde. Proved by Agnes, his Relict, 14 May, 1575. Edward Pen, of Fyfed. Mentions his Sisters Agnes, Mary, and Ales Pen, Ales Chamber, and Joane Comb. Proved by his Brother John, 18 Deer., 1579. Henry Pen, of Fyfehed to be buried in the Cathe dral of Wells. Mentions his Sifters Agness, Mary, and Ales Pen, his Brothers John and Edward Pen. Commit ted to his Brother John, his Brother Edward being then dead. Proved 18 Deer., 1579. EPITOME OF PENN WILLS. 3 Richard Penne, Citizen and Bucher of London. Men tions his Son William, and his wife Margarett, his wives Brothers, Sons, and Daughters, Adam, William, Alice, Barbra and Margarett. Proved March 26, 1584, by Margarett, his Relict Anthony Penne, of Pedmore, Co. Worcester, Gent. Mentions his Mother Elizabeth, his Brother Humphry, his four children, Roger, Henry, Ursula, and Martha, his sister Ann Combye, the children of his Sister Ann Combye, William Jone, Kathrine, Philip ; his sister Joice Taylor, and her children, Anthony, Agnes, Mary, Mar garet and Elizabeth Taylor, his Sister Mary Pearman, wife of Hugh Pearman and her children, Anthony, John, Nicholas, Jane, and Anne Pearman, his Brother Francis Penne, and his children Edmund and Elizabeth ; his brother Gilbert Penne, his Son-in-Law, John Cartwright, Brother-in-Law John Harle, his wife Elizabeth. Execu tors, his Brothers John and Francis, Brother Humphry, Overseer. Proved 1 2 Nov., 1 586, by John and Francis. Anthony Penne, Citizen and Mercer of London, to be buried in St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street. Mentions his Mother Mrs. Julian Penne. Mentions his Brothers (in Law) Clement Hickes, Michael Hickes, his sister Elizabeth wife of my Brother Baptist Hickes. Proved the last of August, 1 59 1 . Gilbert Penn, of the Fenn Parish of Belbroughton, Sythsmith. Mentions his Sons William, John and Os wald Penn, his wife Margarett, and Daug. Elizabeth, his Brother William, and Brother-in-Law John Wakeman, of Bewdley Proved 18 Deer., 1591, by his Relict. John Penn, of Penn, Co. Bucks, Esq., has a son Wil liam Penn, a son John, son Grififyth, son Edward, and a son Francis. Brother Thomas, Brother Edward, and a JMephew Edward Penn. Daughter Martha, and a sister. A EPITOME OF PENN WILLS. wife of John Eden. Mentions Mr. John Walliston, and his Friend Nowell Sotheston. Proved 6 Oct., 1 596,. William Penn, of Kings Sutton, County of North ampton, has Sons, Thomas, Michael, William, and John Penn, a Daughter Margarett, and his Wife (is encient). Brother Richard, Sisters Dorothy, Johan Penn, his Mother Christian, and Agnes Caddie, his Mother-in-Law. Proved by Margt, his relict, 18 Oct., 1596. John Penne, of Great Sherston, Co. Wilts. Mentions his Sons John, Robert, Thomas, and William; and Daughter Joane Penne. Proved by' John and Joane, 20 June, 1599. Edward Penn, of Middleton, Co. Northampton, Yeo man, has a Brother Thomas, of Banbury, and Sons, John,, Thomas, Edward, William, and Mathew; and Daughters, Margarett and Elizabeth. Proved 9 Oct.., 16 10, by his Brother, John Penn, Robert Penn, of Westerleigh, County of Gloucester. Mentions a Daughter Eleanor, a Son Robert, to whom he gives the living of Sherston, Co. Wilts, a Daughter Agnes, and a Wife Ann. Proved 21 Jany. 161 1. Francis Penne, of Bobbington, Co. Stafford, Gent., to- be buried at Bobbington. Mentions his Daughters, Mary, Anne, Margarett, and Magdalen, and Sister-in- Law, Margarett Gray, Son Edward, and Wife Constance,, Brother-in-law John Brodock, and John Duke, Gentle men, to be Overseers. Proved 31 December, 161 3.. Oswald Penn, of Belbroughton, Co. Worcester, Yeo man. Mentions his only child William Pen, and Sisters Ann and Dorothy. Proved 4 May, 161 6; another Grant in 1629, to Ann. the Widow of William Pen. EPITOME OF PENN WILLS. 5 William Penn, of King's Sutton, has Brothers Henry, William, Richard, Thomas, and Michael, and Sisters Margery, Margaret, and Elizabeth. Proved 13 Oct., 161 7. Thomas Penne, of Stony Stratford, Co. Bucks, Gent. Mentions his Sons Micheal, Thomas, and William, Daughter Catherine, Grandson Thomas Franklin, Grand Grace Michell, Thos. Son of my Brother Edward, and Wife Grace. Proved 10 October, 161 8. Thomas Penne, of Ryd, County of Sussex, Yeoman, to te buried at Ryd. Mentions his Brother William and Sister Margarett Harvey, Thomas Son of his Brother WiUiam, and his own Son Thomas. Proved 28 June, 1628. John Penn, of Arundell, Co. Sussex. Mentions his Wife Ursula, his Brother Jacob, a Sister, the Wife of Wm. Cornelison. and Sister Elizabeth Sansum. Proved 8 Oct., 1637. Ursula the widow died and her Will was proved in 1637. William Penn. Mentions his Good Friend and Mistress the Right Honourable Margarett Lady Wotton, and makes her Sole Extrix., his Brother-in-law Richard Xeeling, his Godson William Allen, and Godson Michael Page. Proved 25 May, 1637. Richard Penn, of Peterfield, Co. Southampton, Yeo man. Mentions his Sons Laurance and John Penn, and Daugr. Magdalen. Proved 1639. John Penn,* of Penn, Co. Bucks, to be buried In the Church of Penn. Mentions his wife Sarah, Sons William and John, Cozen Sibel and Uncle Francis. Proved by his Relict, 21 Oct., 1641, * See illustration. 5 EPITOME OF PENN WILLS. George Penn, of Westerham in Kent, Yeoman, Mentions Catherine, Benjamin, and John Bonwicke. Proved 24 April, 1 646. William Penn, of Rawdon, Co. Wilts, Gentleman. Gives all his Estate and Effects to William, Son of Thomas Gale, of Chippenham, and makes him sole Ex. Proved 11 Deer., 1648. Robert Penn, of Radway, Co. Warwick, Yeoman. Mentions his Sons William, Richard, Zachary, and John ; and Daughters Mary, Anne; Grandson Robert Penn, and Granddaughter Elizabeth, and Brother Giles, and Wife Elizabeth, Proved 25 May, 1650. William Penn, of Drayton, Co. Worcester. Mentions his Sons William and John, his Daughter Ann and Mary, and Wife Margarett. Proved by his Relict, 26 September, 1654. Edmund Penn, of Littleton Packlngton, Co. Warwick, Gentleman. Mentions his Sons Thomas, Francis, and Humphry Penn, and Daughter Constance, and Grandson Edward Wilson, and his Wife Elizabeth. Proved 1654. Thomas Penn, of Co. Hertford, Gentleman, to be burled in his own Chapel. Mentions his Wife Alice, his Sons John, Francis, William, Simon, Jonathan, and Robert Penn, and Daughters, Ellen and Alice, and Grandson Thomas KIrke. Proved 29 Jany., 1655. Simon Penn, of Clements Lane, London, Surgeon. Mentions his Mother Alice, and Sister Eleaner and Brother Francis. Proved 1655. Gilbert Penn, of Cakborow, Co. Worcester, Yeoman, aged 80 years. Mentions his Nephews, Sons of his Brother John, viz., John, William and Gilbert, and Mar garett, Elizabeth, and Mary, their Sisters. Proved 15 May, 1656. EPITOME OF PENN WILLS. Sir William Penn, of London. William Penn, of Petworth In Surrey. Gives all his Estate to Emma Markin, of Petworth, and make her sole Executrix. Proved 30 Sepr., 1 69 1 . Oliver Penn, of Stony Stratford, Co. Bucks. Men tions his Brother William, of London, Inholder, his Son Oliver, his Grandchildren Catherine, Olive, Mary, John and Elizabeth Busby, his Daughter Mary Busby, his Wife Anne, and his Kinswoman Sarah, the wife of Henry Honour. Proved 25 July, 1692. William Penn, of Penn Plaee, Co. Bucks, Esq. Men tions his Father William, his Sisters Martha, Elizabeth, and Henrietta Penn; makes Sir Nathaniel Curson his Executor. Proved 15 June, 1696. Oswald Penn, of His Majesty's Ship Shrewsbury. Mentions his Wife Mary, of Christ Church, Surrey. Proved by his Relict, 8 Apl., 1697. Giles Penn, of St. Mary's Whitechapel. Gives all his Estate to Susan Butler. Proved 26 March, 1698. Sarah Penn, of Penn, Co. Bucks, widow. Mentions her Son Roger and three Daughters, Martha-Elizabeth, Catherine, and Henrietta. Proved 16 Jany., 1699. the FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF PHILADELPHIA: list of constituents and other early members. By Horatio Gates Jones. THERE are few Baptist churches in America around which cluster so many interesting associations as the First Church of Philadelphia. Until May 1 5th, 1 746, it and the Pennepek, or Lower Dublin Church, were one. But as early as 1 686 the celebrated John Holme arrived in Pennsylvania and "settled in the neighborhood," as Morgan Edwards says. In 1696 John Farmer and wife arrived, and In 1697 Joseph Todd and Rebecca Woosen- croft "came to the same neighborhood." In 1698 Rev. John Watts baptized William Sllverstone, William Elton and wife, and Mary Shepherd. These nine persons, on the second Sunday of December, 1 698, assembled at a house on Barbadoe's Lot (north-west corner of Chestnut and Second streets), and, as Mr, Edwards says, "did coal esce into a church for the communion of saints, having Rev. John Watts to their assistance." Until May 1 746, the pastor of Pennepek also acted as pastor of Philadel phia, but in that year it was deemed best, for prudential reasons, to separate from the mother church of Pennepek and become a distinct organization. At this time. Rev. Jenkin Jones was pastor of the joint churches, and he chose to cast his lot with that of Philadelphia, where It appears he was then living. He was a native of Llandy- doch, Pembrokeshire, Wales, came to America in 17 10, (8) THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF PHILADELPHIA. g "was called to the ministry at Welsh Tract, Delaware, In 1724, and in 1725 became the pastor of Pennepek and Philadelphia churches. He died July i6th, 1760, at the age of 74 years. Since the death of Mr. Jones, this church has had the following pastors, viz.: Morgan Edwards,! A. M.; William Rogers,^ D. D.; Elhanan Winchester;^ Thomas Ustick,* A. M. ; William Staugh- ton,5 D. D.; Henry Holcombe,^ D. D.; WilHam T. 1 Morgan Edwards was born in Wales, May 9th, 1 722, and became pastor of the Philadelphia church May 23d, 1761. He was the prime mover in founding Rhode Island College, now Brown University. He wrote a History of American Baptists, and ¦designed to publish thirteen volumes, but only the Pennsylvania and New Jersey vol umes were printed. During the Revolution Mr. Edwards adhered to the British side, and was the only American Baptist minister who was a Tory. He died January 28th, '795. aged 73 years. 2 William Rogers, D. D., was bom in Newport, R. I., July 22d, 1751. Dr. Guild says he was the first, and for several days, the only student of Rhode Island College. He graduated in 1769, and in May, 1772, was ordained pastor of the Philadelphia church. He enjoyed great popularity, and during the Revolution he was a Brigade Chaplain in the Continental Army. In 1 789 he was appointed Professor of Oratory and Belles-lettres in the University of Pennsylvania, and held that office until 181 1, vifhen he resigned. He died April 7th, 1824, universally beloved and lamented. ' Mr. Winchester was bom in Brookline, Mass., September 30th, I75i,and after an active career in various parts of America and England, died in Hartford, Conn., April 18th, 1797. He was an able and eloquent preacher, and published a large number of -works. It was while he was pastor of the church that he became a Restorationist, now called Universalist. His departure from the Baptist faith caused great excitement, and the majority of the members adopted his views. The minority, however, obtained possession of the meeting house, and the case was carried to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, which decided that the majority had departed from the Philadelphia Baptist Confession of Faith, and that the minority, who adhered to it, must be regarded as the true Baptist Church of Philadelphia. * Mr. Ustick was bom in New York, August 30th, 1753, graduated at Brown Uni- -versity in 1 77 1, and became pastor of the First Church in 1782. He died in Burling ton, N. J., in 1803. 5 William Staughton, D. D., was one of the first of American preachers. He was bom at Coventry, England, January 4th, 1770; came to America in 1793; became pastor of the First Church in 1 805 , but resigned in 1 8 1 1 , and after a pastorate of twelve years of the Sansom Street Church, became President of Columbian College, D. C, and then of Georgetown College, Ky. He died December 12th, 1829. « Henry Holcombe, D. D., was born in Prince Edward County, Va., September 22d, 1762, and while a child his father settled in South Carolina. He was in the Continental Army, but in after life was an advocate of peace principles. He was ordained in 1785, and labored as pastor of several churches in South Carolina and Georgia. He became pastor at Philadelphia in January, 1S12, and after a brief illness, died May 22d, 1824. I o THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF PHILADELPHIA. Brantly,! D. D.; George Barton Ide,^ D. D.; James H. Cuthbert,^ D. D., and George Dana Boardman,* D. D. Some years since, a daughter of Mr. Ustick placed In my hands a manuscript volume, which purported to con tain a list of all the constituents of the church, and alsO' of those who were baptized or were received by letter, up to about 1776. These names I now give, with such memoranda as are appended to the manuscript. It will be observed that during a part of its history, the church practiced the rite of Laying on of hands, on those received by baptism, a. 1 Dr. Brantly was bom in Chatham County, N. C, January 23d, 1787, and gradu ated with distinction in 1808, at South Carolina College, at Columbia. In 1809 he was ordained in Augusta, Ga. ; then became pastor at Beaufort, S. C, and in 1819. retumed to Augusta. In the spring of 1826 he became pastor of the First Chxu-ch, Philadelphia; was editor of The Columbian Star, and after a residence of twelve years in Philadelphia, retumed to the South on account- of his health. He became- pastor of the Charleston Baptist Church, and President of the College of Charleston. He died at Augusta, Ga., March 28th 1845. * Dr. Ide was bom in Coventry, Vt., in 1804, and was graduated at Middlebury- CoUege. He commenced the study of law at Brandon, Vt., but he became a Christian, and devoted himself to preaching the precious gospel. After several brief country pastorates, he was called to Albany, N. Y., where he remained four years, and then. went to Boston. In 1838 he came to Philadelphia, and at once took high rank as a preacher. He was for years the most powerful and eloquent preacher in Philadelphia. In 1852 he resigned, and was called to the First Church of Springfield, Mass., where: he died, ' Dr. Cuthbert was bom December 13th, 1823, in Beaufort, S. C. He graduated at Princeton College, N. J., in 1843, and retumed home -vrith the intention of studying^ law, but was converted under the preaching of his uncle, the celebrated Dr. Richard Fuller, in 1844; then he resolved to devote his life to the ministry. He was ordained in 1847. In 1855 he came to Philadelphia, where, as pastor of the First Church, he was universally beloved. In 1861 he removed to Augusta, Ga., and is now pastor of the First Baptist Church, Washington, D. C. ••Dr. Boardman was bom in Tavoy, Burmah, August 18th, 1823. His parents^ were George Dana and Sarah Boardman, who sailed July l6th, 1825, from America for Calcutta, as missionaries of the Baptist Triennial Convention. At six years of age young Boardman sailed for America, and traveled the distance alone. He graduated at Brown University in 1852, and from Newton Theological Institution in 1855. He was ordained at Barnwell Court House, S. C, in December, 1855 ; in 1856 settled in Rochester, N. Y, as pastor of the Second Baptist Church, and in May, 1864, became pastor of the First Baptist Church of Philadelphia, where he still remains, jusdy honored by the community and beloved by his church. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF PHILADELPHIA. 1 1 custom now observed, I think, only by the Second Church, the Roxborough, and the Lower Merlon In this part of the State. Constituents. — Rev. Jenkin Jones, pastor. Rev. Ebe nezer Kinnersley,! William Branson, elder, Augustin Still- man, elder, Andrew Edge, Thomas Pearse, Stephen Anthony, Samuel Ashmead, Matthew Ingles, John Perkins, John Standeland, Robert Shewell, John Biddle, Joseph Crean, Henry Hardey, John Lewis, Joseph Ingles, Sam uel Burkilo, John Catla, Thomas Byles, John Bazeley, Samuel Morgan, Lewis Rees, Mary Standeland, Hannah Farmer,^ Mary Catla, Ann Yerkes, Mary Burkilo, Mary Prig, Hannah Crean, Ann Davis, Hannah Bazeley, Jane GIffin, Edith Bazeley, Alee Clark, Lavinia Greenman, Mary Ball, Uslaw Lewis, Jane Loxley, Esther Ashmead, Hannah Jones, Sarah Branson, Catharine Anthony, Jane Pearse, Mary Edge, Mary Valeeot, Elizabeth Shewell, Mary Middleton, Frances Holwell, Elizabeth Sallows, Mary Morgan, Ann Hall, Phoebe Hardey, Ann White, Ruth Flower, Elizabeth Byles, Sarah North. Men 23, women 35, total 58. In his history Mr. Edwards gives the names of only 56. The manuscript then gives the following additions, viz. : 1 748. Arnold Francis, Elizabeth Francis ; received May Sth, from Great Valley. 1750. Walker Test, Michael Helton, Esther Tommlns, Susannah Hall ; baptized May loth, by J. Jones. " John Martin, John Linington ; baptized July 5th, by J. Jones. 1 75 1 . Mary Harris, Martha Thornhill ; baptized Septem ber 5 th. ' Mr. Kinnersley was a Professor in the College of Philadelphia for many years, and acquired great prominence for the discoveries he made in electricity. He died July 4th, 1778. ' Mrs. Farmer was probably the widow of John Farmer, and was one of the nine who, in December, 1698, met in the house on "Barbadoe's Lot." 1 2 THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF PHILADELPHIA. 1 754. George Weed, Joshua Moor, Sarah Persons ; bap tized September 7th, In Schuylkill. " Amos Evans, Margaret Cooch, Catharine Stan deland, Susannah Lewis ; baptized October 4th, in Schuylkill. 1755. William Powell, Joseph Powell, Mary Rush, Susannah Woodrow; baptized August 7th, in Schuylkill. ¦" Henry Woodrow, received August 7th, from Middletown. Elenor Kesler, baptized October i st. In Schuylkill, " Mary Rose, received October 12th, from Pen nepek. 1756. Abraham Levering,^ Ann Levering, Edward Middleton, Mary Burkilow, Tamar Edwards, Catherine Morgan, Hannah Morgan; baptized September 1 1 th, in River Schuylkill. " Nanny, (a black), baptized September nth. 1 761. William Coffin, Martha Coffin, Rachel Davis, Esther Moor; received from Montgomery, February 2d. " Philip Thomas, Mary Thomas, Septimus Levering, Mary Levering; received June ist, from Great Valley. *' Samuel Davis, baptized July nth, in Delaware, by Mr. Edwards. *' Elizabeth Church, Elizabeth Hopkins, Catherine Cochlin; baptized July 19th, in cistern.' " Thomas Francis, baptized August 6th, in Dela- " ware. Stephen Watts, baptized August 12th, at Southampton. ' Mr. and Mrs. Levering were residents of Roxborough, and became in 1 789 constituents of the Roxborough Baptist Church. » This is the first instance that I know of where baptism was administered in Philadelphia, except in a river. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF PHILADELPHIA. 13 1 761. Isaac Jones,^ George Westcott, Ann Barnes; baptized August 1 3th. " Mary Bartholomew, Esther James; received September 7th, from Southampton. " Joseph Watklns, Catherine Bartholomew, Mary Bartholomew; baptized September 9th, in Schuylkill. " Elizabeth Byles, Joanna Anthony, Francis Jones, Peter, a black; baptized September 12th, in Schuylkill. " Benjamin Davis, Barnaby Barnes, Mary Edwards, Jemina Timberman, Susannah Morris; bap tized October loth, in cistern. " Joseph Gardner, John Jackson, John Taylor; baptized October 1 1 th. " Isaac Belangee, restored December 5th. " Mary Thomas, received December 12th, from Vincent. 1762. Mary Helllngs, received January 9th from Pennepek. " William Perkins, Esther Davis; baptized April 8th, in Schuylkill. " Hannah Stakes, baptized April loth. In the cistern. " Andrew Edge, John Iden, Joseph Williams, Mary Iden, Sarah Sallows, Sarah Gardner, Mary Wood; baptized June nth. In Schuylkill, and received into the church 13th following. " Sarah Edge, Mary Watkins, Francis Morrison ; baptized July loth, in Schuylkill. " Susannah McClenachan, Hannah Swanson; baptized August 7th, In Schuylkill. 1 Mr. Jones was for many years an active officer of the church, and was long con nected with the Hospital on Pine street. He was the father of Robert Strettle Jones. i 4 THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF PHILADELPHIA. 1762. Samuel Miles,^ William Rigden, Sen.; baptized September 4th, in Schuylkill, and received September 12th. 1763. John Mason, Nehemiah Davis, John Morgan; baptized January 8th. Grace Lloyd, William Jenkins; baptized March 1 1 th, in the cistern. Joseph Moulder, Nicholas Cox; baptized May 6th, in the Schuylkill. Sarah Moulder, Sarah Neaves; baptized May 19th, In the Schuylkill. " John Thomas, Susannah Thomas ; baptized June loth, in the Schuylkill. Elizabeth Holton, Thomas Shields ; baptized July 9th, in the Schuylkill. David Perry, Ann Ruxby, Mary Hammit; bap tized August 14th, in the Schuylkill. " Rebecca Freek, Rebecca Potts, Charles Wilson, John Chatham, Abel Gibbon; baptized Sep tember 9th, in the Schuylkill. " Sarah Thomas, received December 30th, from Montgomery. 1764. Mary Pugh, received January 7th. " James Hunter, received February 4th. Martha Mason, baptized May 12th, in the Schuylkill. " Jacob Helllngs, Sarah Hodge, Sarah Harper, Lydia Morris; baptized August loth. In the Schuylkill. ^ This was the celebrated General Miles of the Revolution, who was bom at White Marsh, 1739. He was, in 1776, Colonel of a Regiment of Riflemen, and was cap tured at the battle of Long Island, but after his release was Deputy Quartermaster of the Army for Pennsylvania. After peace was declared he was elected Mayor of the city, also a member of the Legislature, and he was a Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals. He died September 29th, 1805. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF PHILADELPHIA. I 5 1764. Jonah Thomas, baptized August nth. In the Schuylkill. Mary Robinson, baptized November 2d, In the Schuylkill. J 765. Mary Jones, Thomas Morris, Hannah Morris; baptized April nth, in the Schuylkill. " Isabella Crane, Joan Thomas; received June 9th, from Great Valley. Elizabeth Stephens, received October 20th, from Hopewell. 1 766. Benjamin Chamberlain, Susannah Rose ; baptized June 6th, in Schuylkill. " John Rose, Hannah Drinker, Mary Moreton; baptized July nth, in Schuylkill. " PoUydore and Nelly (blacks); baptized August 9th. " Jacob Levering, baptized August 29th. 1767. William Harper, Sarah Bush; baptized February 7th, in the Bath. " Elizabeth Shewell, baptized February 14th, in Schuylkill. " Ann Brading, baptized September 12 th, by David Sutton. " Thomas Fleeson,^ baptized September 20th. *' Mary Sprogle, Samuel Olden; baptized Septem ber 23d, in Schuylkill. " Elizabeth Morgan, Sarah Bearden ; baptized Sep tember 26th, in Schuylkill. " John Whitton, George Ingles, Joseph Gilbert; baptized October 6th, in Schuylkill, by John Blackwell. 'Mr. Fleeson was a son of Judge Plunket Fleeson, and was gifted with great musical taste. He was the grandfather of William H. Fry, author of the opera of "Leonora." For many years he was totally blind. About the year 1800, he removed to Roxborough Township and preached for the church. He died in 1828. 1 6 THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF PHILADELPHIA. 1767. John Stow, baptized November. Rebecca Barger, Mary Riche; received from New York. 1768. Judith Fulton, received February 14th, from Pennepek. " Evan Jenkins, received from Welsh Tract. Thomas Dungan, received June 12th, from South ampton, " John Flintham, Samuel Woodbridge; baptized September 5 th, in Schuylkill. " Isaac Powell, Elizabeth Morris; baptized Sep tember nth. 1769. Matthias Maris, baptized May 15th. Sarah Magetlgin, baptized August ist, by- Jonathan Jarman. " Margaret Levering, baptized June 3d, in Schuyl kill. " Susannah DeNyce, John Drinker, Enoch Morgan, Erasmus Kelly,^ Sarah Marsh; baptized June 5th. Mary Fox, Mary Rush ; baptized July 6th. " Elizabeth Paulin, Hannah Francis, "Joined Hall Church." " Mary Evans, Mary Powell ; baptized August lOth. " Rebecca Young, baptized December 19th. 1770. Charles McDonald, baptized April i6th. " Cloe Moor, (black,) baptized June 8th. " Sarah Connell, baptized June loth. " Ezekiel Letts, baptized July ist. " Hannah Anderson, baptized July 29th. 1 Erasmus Kelly was born July 24th, 1 748, in Perkasie, Bucks County ; was gradu ated at the College of Philadelphia in 1771, and that same year became pastor of the First Baptist Church of Newport, R. I., where he died in 1784. That church had as its founder Dr. John Clarke, and as his successor the celebrated Obadiah Holmes, the proto-martyr of religious liberty in New England, who died October 16, 1682. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF PHILADELPHIA. 1 7 1770. Mary Maris, baptized August 17th. Martha Green, baptized September 8th, in Schuylkill, by Samuel Jones. 1 77 1, Deborah Price, baptized May 6th. " Michael Hays, baptized May i6th. " Mary Boor, baptized July i6th. 1772. Keziah Carlile, baptized March 7th, by Robert Kelsey. " George Bright, Mary Moulder, Elizabeth Beazley; baptized April 9th, in Schuylkill. " Elizabeth Cook, Rebecca Toy; Baptized May loth. " William Rogers, Minister, received by letter dated May 4th, from Newport, R. I. " Elizabeth Coburn, Francis Gardner, Mary Weed, Jacob Burkilow, John Levering; baptized June 9th, in Schuylkill, by W. Rogers. " William Coats, John Jarman, John Brown ; bap tized June nth. " Mary Hanson, Thomas Morgan, Joseph Watklns, Sen. ; baptized July Sth, In Schuylkill. " Abraham Mitchell, Ezekiel Robins, Hannah Gard ner, Thomason Helllngs, Martha Burkilow, Catherine Rentford; baptized in Schuylkill, August 4th, and received the first day of the week following Into the church by Prayer and Imposition of hands. " Ezekiel MIrriam, Deborah Mirrlam, Samuel Wright; baptized November, by W. Vanhorne. " Elenor Jones, baptized November 24th. " Sarah White, baptized December 3d. 1773. Griffith Levering, Mary Paine; baptized January 5th, in Schuylkill. " Martha Brooks, received February 14th, from Southampton. 1 8 THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF PHILADELPHIA. 1773. Thomas Mackeness, Elizabeth Mackeness ; baptized March Sth, In Schuylkill, and received into the church the Sabbath following, by Prayer and Imposition of hands. " Mary Caruthers, received April 5 th, from Cros- wicks. " Rachel Logan, Tamar Hartley; baptized May 7th, in Schuylkill. Martha Scott, Ann Biddle; baptized July 22d, in Schuylkill. " Alexander Galloway, Jane Nicholson; baptized October 6th. 1774. Sarah Trickett, received January 3d, from Andrew GIfford's Church, London. Hannah Rush, Lydia Gilbert; baptized March Sth, in Schuylkill. " Mary Parker, received April 4th, from New Mills. " Martha Clarke, received June 12th, from Mont gomery. John Connelly, baptized July Sth, In Schuylkill. 1775. Richard Riley,^ baptized In Delaware, November 1st; joined the church September nth, 1776. 1776. Prudence Flower, Christian Dick; baptized Sep tember 13th, at Marcus Hook, in Delaware River, ¦" Benjamin Thaw, Mary Morgan ; baptized October 4th, in Schuylkill. " Abigail Farles, Rebecca Fleeson 1 Hon. Richard Riley was born September 14th, 1735, and in 1765 was made a magistrate, and held office until our national independence was declared. He was a member of the Committee of Safety for Pennsylvania, served in tlie Legislature for two years, and in 1791 was appointed an Associate Judge. Judge Riley was a mem ber of the Sansom Street Church until that at Marcus Hook was founded, when lie became one of its constituent members. He died August 27th, 1820. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF PHILADELPHIA. 1 9 The foregoing is an exact transcript of the document given to me by Miss Ustick, but it may be that the copy ist did not compare his work with the original minutes. Indeed I am satisfied that several names were omitted. The minutes of the Church, for an examination of which I am indebted to Judge William B. Hanna, a Deacon of the First Church, state that on June ist, 1761, Rev. Mor gan Edwards was received by letter from Penygarn, South Wales, The minutes also state that on August 3d, 1 761, Stephen Watts appeared for baptism, and this document shows that on the 12th of August he was bap tized at Southampton, where his parents resided. They also state that on December 5 th, 1761, Samuel Jones was "received into the Church by a letter of dis mission and recommendation from Tulpehoken." He was a son of Rev. Thomas Jones, pastor of the Tulpe hoken Church In Berks County; was a student at Isaac Eaton's Academy at Hopewell ; graduated at the College of Philadelphia in 1 762, in the same class with Stephen Watts and William Hamilton, " of the Woodlands," and became pastor at Southampton and Lower Dublin. He died February 7th, 18 14, while pastor of Lower Dublin, at the age of 79 years. It is my intention to present to the venerable First Baptist Church of Philadelphia, the small manuscript vol ume containing the foregoing names, believing that such a document should form part of the Archives of this Mother Church. Roxborough, Philadelphia, fanuary gth, i8Sj. TRANSCRIPT FROM THE FAMILY RECORD OF THE VININGS OF DELAWARE. Wiih Annotations by Mrs. Ann Ridgely du Pont. MARY, the wife of Benjamin Vining,^ the daughter of Hugh and Mary Middleton, was born the 1 7th day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and five, at Barrenton Fields, her father's plantation, near Salem, New Jersey, America. Benjamin Vining departed this life at "Barrenton Fields," Septem ber, 1735, after two nights' and one day's sickness, and buried the second day of said month by Rev. Mr. Tranbury, Minister at said place. He left by his above-mentioned wife, three children, viz.: John Vining, born 1725; Benjamin Vining, born 13th August, 1731, (died aged 7 years,) and Mary Vining; said children all born at the Mansion House, "Barrenton Fields," near Salem, New Jersey. The first mentioned, Benjamin Vining, was buried In Salem Church, where his monument, with in scription, is now standing. 1 Benjamin Vining came firom New England to the City of Philadelphia, early in the last century. He resided there until about 1722, when he removed to the town of Salem, New Jersey; here he was a highly respected and influential citizen and Warden of the Episcopal Church, in one of the aisles of which he is interred, his grave being covered with a marble slab bearing the following inscription : " In Memory of Benjamin IH.ning, Esq., late Collector of Salem and Marblehead, in New England, and son of William Vining, in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, who died September 5th, 1735, aged 52 years, l month and 22 days." Benjamin Vining married Mary, daughter of Hugh Middleton, a Judge of Salem County, New Jersey, an early settler there and a large land-holder. " There is a tradition in the family, that Captain Vining, upon his deathbed, said to his young and beautiful wife : ' I know that you will many again, but will you solemnly promise me, on this my dying bed, to convey to our three children, all the large property you have received from your father?' This she promised to do, and some years after, when about to marry Nicholas Ridgely, she conveyed to her three sons by her first husband, all the landed estate she possessed." She had one son, Dr. Charles Ridgely, and two daughters by her second husband. (2°) THE VININGS OF DELAWARE. 21 His widow, Mary, the daughter of Hugh Middleton and Mary his wife, was married in Salem, New Jersey, by the Rev. Peter Tranbury, of the Swedes Ministry, to Nicholas Ridgely, on Thursday evening at eight of the clock, December 23d, 1736, and they had a son born on Thursday night about 10 of the clock, January 26th, 1737, (old style, new style 1738,) which son was baptized on the 6th of April, 1738, in Salem, New Jersey, and named Charles Greenberry; God fathers Mr. William Frazer, Collector of his Majesty's Customs at the Port of Salem, and Dr. Philip Chetwood; God mother Rachel Ridgely, daughter of the aforesaid Nicholas Ridgely by his first wife. Their children were Charles Greenberry-Ridgely, Sarah Ridgely and Elizabeth Ridgely. On Tuesday, the nth day of December, (N. S.) 1761, departed this life, of apoplexy, Mary Ridgely, widow of Nicholas Ridgely, who, when he married her, (she) was the widow of Benjamin Vining, of Salem County, New Jersey. She died at the mansion house and plantation of Nicholas Ridgely, (deceased,) near Dover, Delaware, known by the name of "Eden Hill." She was aged fifty- six years, six months and fourteen days, (O. S., twenty- five days by N. S.) This said Mary Ridgely left behind her John Vining, Mary Vining, children by the first mar riage, and Charles Greenberry Ridgely, Sarah Ridgely, and Elizabeth Ridgely,^ the children by the second mar riage who survived her. The aforesaid Mary, widow of Nicholas Ridgely, was buried in Christ Church grave yard, Dover, Del., beside her husband Nicholas Ridgely, and her daughter Mary, — the latter the wife of Charles Inglis, Missionary at Dover, afterwards Rector of Trinity Church, New York, and Bishop of Nova Scotia. ' Elizabeth Ridgely married Colonel Dorsey, of Elk Ridge, Anne Arundel Co., Ind., aud left vtany children. 2 2 THE VININGS OF DELAWARE. Benjamin Vining, the second son of Captain Benjamin Vining and Mary his wife, died at the Mansion House, at Barrenton Fields, Salem County, near Salem Town, in the western Jerseys, being aged seven years, seven months and nineteen days, and was buried in his father's grave in the Church In Salem Town; he died first day of April, 1739. John Vining,^ the first son of Captain Benjamin Vining, and Mary his wife, was brought up by his step-father, Nicholas Ridgely, in Dover, Del. He was a distin guished man In the three Counties on the Dela ware, Justice of the Peace, and Speaker of the House, and Chief Justice of Delaware, then called "the three Lower Counties on the Delaware." He died on a visit to his Aunt, Mrs. Mary Roberts, who lived about four miles distance from the town of Salem, in West Jersey, and was buried in the Salem Church, in Salem Town, by the Rev. Mr. Ross, Missionary at New Castle. Said John Vining died on the 13th day of December, 1770, in the forty-sixth year of his age; he was bom in the Mansion House, Barrenton Fields,^ near Salem, New Jersey, Anno Domini 1724. ^ John Vining, son of Benjamin and Mary Vining, married first a daughter of Nicholas Ridgely, by his first marriage, and on her decease, he married Phoebe, daughter of Abraham and Mary Wynkoop. He received fiom his mother a lai^e tract of land in Salem County, but, with his sister Mary, was taken to Dover, Delaware, by his mother, Mrs. Ridgely, and step-father, Nicholas Ridgely. On attaining man hood, such was the exalted character he sustained, that he was elevated to the highest offices in Delaware, Chief Justice, &c. On one of his visits to Salem, he was taken sick and died, and was buried in an aisle of its Episcopal Church, (St John's). Upon the stone covering his sepulchre is this epitaph : " In memory of the Hon. John Vining, Esquire, Speaker of the three Lower Counties of Delaware, who departed this life November r3th, 1770, aged forty-six years. He had two sons by his first wife, Rachel Ridgely, (Benjamin and Nicholas,) who died, full of promise, before their father; and by his second wife, (who was the aunt of Chancelor Nicholas Ridgely), Abraham, who died, aged two years ; John and Mary. Maiy married Rev. Charles. Ingles, Missionary in Dover, afterwards rector of Trinity Church, New York ; died and was buried next her mother in Dover, Delaware. Charles Ingles was afterwards Bishop of Nova Scotia. > Barrenton Fields belonged to Judge Hv.gh Middleton, and became the property «f the Vinings through their mother. THE VININGS OF DELAWARE. 23 The aforesaid John Vining was married to Rachel Ridgely, the daughter of Nicholas Ridgely,^ by his first wife, on the 20th day of April, 1 749, by the Rev. Arthur Usher, In the presence of Mr. and Mrs. James Gorrell, Benjamin Chew and Mary his wife, Nicholas Ridgely and Mary his wife.^ The children of this marriage were Benjamin and Nicholas Ridgely. Said sons died before their father. Rachel Vining, wife of the said John Vining, departed this life on 6th of November, 1753, at two of the clock, and was buried in Christ Church, Dover, Delaware, by Rev. Hugh Neil, near or under her father's (Nicholas Ridgely) pew. Said John Vining was married to Phoebe Wynkoop, by the Rev. Mr. Rodney, of New Castle County, on the 1 6th day of January, 1755, at the house of Thomas Wynkoop, of Sussex County, In the presence of Mrs, Mary Wyn koop, Nicholas Ridgely, Esq., Thomas Wynkoop, Benjamin Wynkoop, and Mary Vining. "Mary Vining,* daughter of the above John and Phoebe "Vining, was born at his house, about two miles from "Dover, on Saturday, the 20th day of August, seventeen "hundred and fifty-six, at four of the clock. In the pre- " sence of Mrs. Mary Wynkoop and Mrs. Mary Ridgely, "grandmothers, and was baptized by Hugh Neil, MIs- "sionary at Dover, on the 15 th day of September "following." John Vining,^ third son of John Vining, and second * His step-father. ' Father of Rachel Ridgely, and mother of John Vining. ' The Revolutionary belle, who shall be the subject of a future sketch. * John Vining, the son of John Vining and Phoebe, his second wife, was bom at Dover, Delaware, 23d of December, A. D. 1758, where he was educated. He studied law with George Read, of New Castle, Delaware, was admitted to the bar, practiced in Dover, his residence, and soon distinguished himself, as may be inferred from the fact of his election to the United States House of Representatives in 1783, having only 24 THE VININGS OF DELAWARE. child by Phoebe, brother of the above named Mary, was born at his father's house near Dover, Delaware, on the 23d day of December, 1758, at forty-five minutes past six o'clock In the afternoon, in the presence of Mrs. Mary Ridgely, (grandmother of the said John) and Elizabeth Jackson, widow, and Mary Vining, his Aunt. God mothers, were Mrs.* Mary Ridgely and Mrs. Elizabeth Chew, wife of Benjamin Chew, Esq., and Godfather Caesar Rodney, Esq. ; baptized by Rev. Hugh Neil, Mis sionary at Oxford, Pennsylvania, on the 14th day of May, 1759. Abraham Vining, fourth son of John Vining, and third child by Phoebe his wife, was born at their house in just attained the £^e constitutionally required to qualiiy for membership to that body, and at that time it was not usual to advance young men to high offices. So strongly was the partiality of his fellow-citizens manifested for him, that he was called " the pet of Delaware." Poverty, because it would have compelled to industry and self- denial, would have been to him a boon, but an ample fortune was his by inheritance. In 1 793, he was elected to the Senate of the United States. How faithfiiUy and with what distinction he served in Congress, the reader can judge from the following notices of John Vining, which I have collected from a recent historian : " In a Department of Foreign Affairs, — a mere continuation of the old department of that name — after an ineffectual attempt of Vining, of Delaware, (20th May, 1798), to establish a separate one for home business, these two departments were combined. The debt of Delaware was trifling, but Vining, the able Representative of that State, supported the assumption (of Revolutionary State debts) as a. Federal measure. Tucker (March l6th, 1789) moved to strike out the whole report of a House Commit tee, on a memorial of a Pennsylvania society, praying for the abolition of slavery, substituting a resolution to refuse to consider it unconstitutional. Jackson seconded the motion, in a speech warm as Tucker's, to which Vining replied. The arguments in favor of assumption were recapitulated by Lawrence Goodhue and others, and by Vining. Vining, January 28th, 1789, spoke in favor of chartering a National Bank. Among the new members of the Senate, Livermore, of New Hampshire, Jackson, of Georgia, and Vining, of Delaware, who had already distinguished themselves as former members of the House. Nature was liberal to him, for, besides a good face and person, he was one of the wittiest men of his day ; his powers of conversation great, and these set off by very fascinating manners. He married Miss Seaton, daughter of James Seaton, Collector of New York, who came to her death by taking medicine by mistake. When Mr. Vining married Miss Seaton, he took a house in Wilmington, at the northwest corner of French and Fourth streets, and took his bride there ; the west end of Wilmington was then below Fifth, and clustered principally around Third, Second, and Front streets. Miss Vining's brother, Hon. John Vining, THE VININGS OF DELAWARE. 25 Dover, Delaware, on the 5 th day of September, 1762. Present, Mrs. Ann Chew, Mrs. Elizabeth Jackson, widow, and Mary Vining, and was baptized by Rev. Charles Inglis. Godmothers, Mary Vining and Esther Wyn koop, Aunts of said Abraham. He died on the 25th day of October, 1 764, aged two years, one month and twenty days, and was buried in the church yard In Dover, on the south side of his Aunt Mary Inglis' grave. John Middleton Vining, son of John and Phoebe Vining, was married to Anna Maria Seaton, daughter of William Seaton, of the State of New York, on the 24th of November, 1 790. John Seaton Vining, son of John Vining and Anna Maria his wife, was born on the 2 1 st of November, 1 79 1 . -was Senator in 1793, from Delaware, in the United States Congress. Miss Seaton was a lovely, gentle, refined being, with intellectual tastes and accomplishments, a fine musician ; she accompanied herself with great taste on the piano." " Hon. John Vining, though a man of great abilities and undoubted genius, which. If he had been bom in poverty, would have been the means of exalting him to the highest positions of his country, was rained by the wealth he inherited. He was very •extravagant ; this and his dissipated habits soon caused him to go through his large fortune, and unfortunately, his sister's also, leaving nothing, and his orphan children, at his death, thrown upon his sister. Miss Vining. Seaton, his eldest son, entered the Navy, and came home to his aunt's only to die while young. The second was Wil liam Henry, but only used the second name, signing himself W. Henry Vining ; he gave early promise of great talent ; his piece on the commencement of these fragments ^I, A. R. du Pont, have not transcribed,) gave promise to great abilities, as it was a remarkable production for a boy of 14. Its title, ' Those who hung their harps on the willows,' a poetical production. Had he lived, he would have made his mark in the world's history. He died in 1822, aged 27. Benjamin Vining, third son, Charles Vining, fourth son. They all died before their Aunt, Miss Vining, but W. Henry, who survived her a few months. He studied law with Mr. Ogden, who married his mother's .¦sister. They lived in Ogdensburg, New York, said town on the St. Laurrence river, where W. Henry Vining practiced law with his uncle." (See Life of George Read.) MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. Contributed, with Introduction and Notes, by Charles Henry Hart, THE six letters that follow are a portion of an interest ing familiar correspondence between two prominent ladies of Revolutionary times, the wives of two eminent statesmen of that period. Mrs. Jay was the beautiful Sarah Van Brugh Livingston, the fourth daughter of that sterling patriot. Governor William Livingston, of New Jersey. When not quite eighteen, on the iSth of April, 1774, she was married at Elizabethtown, to John Jay, a young lawyer, in his twenty-ninth year. Mrs. Morris was her friend's senior by eight years, having been born in Philadelphia on the 1 3th of April, 1 749. At the age of twenty, March 2, 1 769, she was married to the future financier, Robert Morris, a mature merchant of thirty- five. Thus the careers of the two ladies were closely allied with the course of public events w:hich followed so immediately upon their marriages; while the positions of their husbands permitted them for many years to enjoy but little domestic and social privacy. Mrs. Morris' career is so well known as not to permit of fur ther reference here.-^ Mrs. Jay's too, is not unfamiliar, but a few incidents will bear rehearsing. Mr. Jay, being a delegate to Congress from New York, and at the time President of that body, was appointed to represent the Congress as Minister to Spain. He sailed on the lotli of October, 1779, in the frigate The Confederacy, accom panied by his family. After a hazardous voyage, made so by storms and British cruizers, they reached Madrid early In the year 1 780. Mr. Jay's mission was fruitless ; ' Vide Mary White, Mrs. Robert Morris. Pa. Mag. Hist. Biog., vol. li, p. 157. (26) Efl LB. S o JJ (H) MM oU i\."W, f^.S^ JL j-fJ-i X.X VIJ.,-'^y/ -'^yriy /M..t.^y/-/y/./' ,/pyc.77y->y ' ,-^^' \-^Ty. ^C '.. y '¦-'->. . yyr'.^' / r^.'"{'i r-.^ y^-y ¦(y/i,f..y../::-:'. where he resided four years, becoming exceedingly popular, through his gracious curtesy and the strong proof he gave of his sympathy with the straggling colonies. In 1780, he contracted, on his own responsibility, a loan for the relief of the American army, then suffering the utmost destitution. He retumed to France in 1783, bearing with him the most honorable testimonies of esteem from Congress and individuals. Harvard College conferred upon him the degree of LL.D., and Pennsylvania gave his name to one of her most beautiful counties. He died at London, September 14, 1791, while acting a^ plenipotentiary from France to the English court. He was on terms of familiar inter course with Mr. and Mrs. Morris, as may be seen from the following letter : "Philadelphia, June 22d, 1784. " Mr. Morris presents his Compliments to His Excy. The Chev'r D^ la Luzeme & takes the liberty to trouble him with some letters for Geneva put under a cover to Messrs I^a Couteulx & co Paris. Mis. Morris claiming also the benefit of the Minis ters kind promise, sends a pair of her old shoes & requests that He will order to be sent for her 6 pair of Fashionable Shoes to the size of the old pr also 6 China Dishes of the same patem of the sett of Porcelain spared to her by the Minister 2 of those dishes to be of the largest size 2 of the next size 2 of the next size Mr. Morris requests the Chev'r De La Luzeme to send this note vrith the bill of Cost to Messrs Le Couteulx & co that they may pay it. Mr. & Mrs Morris have more sincere good wishes for the Chev'r De La Luzerne's Health happiness & safe arrival than can be expressed on this paper." Some of the evidences of his friendship and regard for Mr. and Mrs. Morris re main with the descendants of the recipients to this day. ' Francois, Marquis of Barbe-Marbois, was bom in Metz, January 31, 1745. He came to America in 1779, as Secretary of Legation under the Chevalier de la Luzerne, and when that diplomat returned to France, he became Chargl d'aff'aires. About this time he married Elizabeth, daughter of William Moore, President of the Supreme Executive Council of Penn.sylvania, 1781-82, by his wife, Sarah Lloyd, great-granddaughter of Thomas Lloyd, Deputy Governor under Penn. He remained in this country until 1785, when he retumed to France, and there occupied many MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. 31 me, I beseech you, that you pardon me for this unamus- ing letter ; new friends are not often sought or desired while strong attachments to the old ones remain. I fear, therefore, I shall often trouble mine; for to whom but those far distant ones whom I love, admire, and esteem, can I unbosom myself? Assure Mr. Morris of my sincere regard, and believe me to be Affectionately yours, &c., Sa. Jay. My brother® presents his respectful compliments to Mr. Morris and yourself. My Dear Mrs. Morris: — Since the possession of a real friend is so generally esteemed preferable to our other enjoyments, from whence can proceed that inatten tion to the cultivation of friendship which we but too fre quently observe? Whether or not I'm mistaken, I leave important public positions. He was the author of a work on the Treason of Benedict Arnold, and a History of Louisiana. He died in his native land, January 14th, 1837. * John Holker was Commercial Agent of France in America. He married in this country and removed to Virginia, where he died. ' Mrs. Jay was as much distinguished for her attractions of person, as for her per sonal attractions. Her eyes were beautiful, and she had a most brilliant complexion. The Minister's bet was, that Mis. Jay used paint. In writing to her sister from Madrid, December i, 1780, she says: "The bets depending between you and the Chevalier, I hope, are considerable, since you are certainly entitled to the stake, for I have not used any false coloring, nor have I amused myself with plays or any other diversions on Sunday." Mrs. Morris, writing to Mrs. Jay, July 12, 1781, says: "The Chevalier acquiesces in the loss of his bet, presented Kitty with a handsome dress cap accompanied with a note, acknowledging your firmness." » Henry Brockholst Livingston accompanied Mr. Jay to Spain as his private secre tary. He was the fifth son and ninth child of Governor William Livingston, and was bom in New York, November 26th, 1757. He was graduated by Princeton College in 1774, and upon the breaking out of the war, before he was twenty, became an aid to General Schuyler, with the rank of Captain. Early in 1782, he returned to America from Spain, and began the study of law. Upon his admission to the bar, he dropped his first name, and as Brockholst Livingston, was, in 1806, appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, which position he held at the time of his death, March i8th, 1823. 32 MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. you to determine; but I am apt to think indolence has some share in It, from the unwillingness I sometimes feel to write even to those most dear to me ; and begin to suspect that it was nothing but that, tho' under the veil of modesty, which for a long time persuaded me the time you would spend in reading a letter from me, would be less agreeably bestowed than if without that Interruption. The pleasure I receive from the letters of my friends, convinces me that wherever mutual regard subsists, a correspondence, far from being irksome, nourishes those sentiments of esteem which produce the attachment. As Mr. Jay and myself are interested In Mr. Morris* and your happiness, we were very anxious last fall about both your healths, for we had heard (from France) that they were impaired, and a letter from Kitty, sometime after, was doubly welcome by giving us the pleasing Information of the recovery of persons we so much esteemed, and likewise the re-establishment of mama's^ and her own health. How amply, my dear madam ! does your affection compensate Kitty for the absence of her sister — but where can I hope to find such friends as I parted from in quitting America — not I am sure In the acquaintances of a few months or in formal birthday visitors — preserve, therefore, I charge you, the regard you honor me with, that in your company when I return, I may forget how long we have been seperated. I dare say you were pleased with the marriage of Mr. Bingham and Miss Willing,^ as it promises happiness to the ' Mrs. William Livingston was Susanna, daughter of Philip French, of New Jersey; she died July 17th, 1789. Her husband survived her but a year; he died July 25th, 1790, aged sixty-seven. 2 Miss Willing, was Anne, eldest daughter of Thomas Willing, who for thirty- nine years was the partner in business of Robert Morris. She was a dazzling belle and a beauty, and married October 26th, 1780, at the age of eighteen, William Bing ham, afterward a Senator, in Congress, from Pennsylvania. The following cordial letter MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. 33 parties Interested. Shall I request you to present to them our congratulations? Tell Miss Hetty,^ if you please, that if she thinks she can smile upon a Don, I'll use my influences to engage a few to accompany us, for we hope to return before she seriously thinks of paying her devoirs to Hymen. Kitty's accounts of Maria increases my inclination to see her; and I am quite happy that your little sons are likely to answer the expectations formed of them. The month of May is approaching. I then shall accom pany Mr. Jay to Acanjuez, and perhaps my situation there may furnish something that may amuse you, since that place is confessedly the most beautiful in Spain. Mr. Tuscin, a young gentleman who is going to Boston, In the capacity of vice-consul, has just this instant informed me that he leaves Madrid early to-morrow, as there is a vessel at Bilboa which will soon sail for America. I must, therefore, bid my dear Mrs. Morris adieu, tho' If I had not a douzen letters to finish yet to-night, I could not so soon relinquish the pleasure I take in writing to her. Excuse the freedom I take in requesting you to of invitation from her father to Mr. Morris, to be present at the wedding, finds an appropriate place here : October 23, 1780. Dear Sir : — I have been confin'd from the day I saw you, and am very sony to hear yt. Mrs. Morris is still indisposed. If she shou'd be well enough to be out next Thursday Even'g, it wou'd give us all the highest satisfaction to see her at the Weding — ^but shou'd it unfortunately happen yt. she is not well enough to be out, I flatter myself she will not be so 111 as to prevent me the pleasure of your Comp'y on this Interesting occasion. My daughter has always pleas'd herself with hopes of see ing Mrs. Morris that Even'g, and says it will be a double mortification to be deprived of yr. company too. Adieu. I can scarce hold the Pen while I assure you that I am. Yr affectionate frd, Thos. Willing. ' Hetty, eldest daughter, and fourth child of Mr. and Mrs. Morris. She was bom in Philadelphia, July 30th, 1774, and married, April loth, 1795, Hon. James Markham Marshall, of Virginia, younger brother of Chief Justice John Marshall. Mrs. Marshall died April ISth, 1817. 3A 34 MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. remember me in the mostly friendly manner to my excel lent friend Mrs. Lawrence, whose kindness to me, at Philadelphia, has made too sensible an Impression on my mind ever to be erased. You know the ladies to whom my friendship extends, and you will oblige me by remem bering me to them. The lovely Mrs. Arnold,^ whom I admired so much, is, I fear, banished from the society of her friends — how unpropitious has been her star. You and Mr. Morris will do us justice in believing that you have not more sincere friends in the numerous circle of those who love and esteem you, than in Mr. Jay and Your humble sev't, Sa. Jay. I have often smiled at the apologies made for incorrect letters, but none ever required them more than this. Madrid, April 22d, 1781. St. Ildefonso, Sept, 1781. I think it is Shenstone who observed, "that the mind Is never In a more proper frame to answer a letter, than immediately after the receipt of it." In general, I believe the remark is just; but the pleasure I feel upon reading ' It is hardly necessary to say, that Mrs. Benedict Arnold, was Margaret, fourth daughter and sixth child of Chief Justice Edward Shippen, by his wife, Margaret, daughter of Tench Francis, Attorney General of Philadelphia, under the crown. She was celebrated for her wit and beauty, and married Arnold, April 8, 1779, when he had command in Philadelphia; Mrs. Morris, writing to her mother, November 10, 1778, says : " I know of no news, unless to tell you that we are very gay, is such. We have a great many balls and entertainments, and soon the Assemblys will begin. Tell Mr. Hall our military gentlemen here, are too liberal to make any distinctions between Whig and Tory ladyes — if they make any, it's in favor of the latter, such, strange as it may seem, is the way those things are conducted at present in this city. It originates at Headquarters, and, that I may make some apology for such strange conduct, I must tell you that Cupid has given our little General a more mortal wound than all the host of Britons could, unless his present conduct can expiate for his past. Miss Peggy Shippen is the fair one." MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. 35 a letter from you and Kitty, approaches so nearly to enthusiasm, that were I to permit my pen exactly to copy the dictates of my heart, my letters would incur the sus picion of a flattery that is foreign to my disposition, though you seem to have been disposed to railly me when writing, upon my epistolary style ; yet I'm uncon scious of having deviated from that symplicity which is alone worthy of true friendship, and fear that the knowl edge of my own sincerity may have made me toci negligent in expressing It. No circumstance of a public nature, since my absence from America, has given me greater satis faction than Mr. Morris' acceptance of that import ant office which he at present holds ;^ nor would you, my dear madam, even regret being so frequently obliged to dispense with his company, if you could be witness to the universal satisfaction it has diffused among the friends of our country, but would (were you as malicious as myself,) even enjoy the confusion of our enemies upon the occasion — besides the public utility which must arise from the measure. I have a peculiar pleasure, which results from the more frequent mention of the person from whose abilities and integrity so much Is expected, in terms the most grateful to friendship. Your fears for Mr. Morris' health, are, I own, too well founded^ and I think a little address to draw him into the country, at least of evenings, would be patriotic. The sedentary manner In which Mr. Jay has been employed since the Revolution, has injured his health so materially, that I fear it will not be entirely re-established till he is free to cultivate his fields and lead a rural and active life. The regret I feel at being absent from you, is softened 'Mr. Morris was unanimously chosen by Congress, February 20th, 1781, Super intendent of Finance, a position he continued to hold until November 1st, 1784, when he resigned. 36 MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. by the pleasing reflection that Kitty is happy in the society of your amiable family. My maternal tenderness is flattered by the favorable manner In which you mention my only child; should he hereafter merit your esteem, I shall think myself happy Indeed. How old Is Miss Hetty? I am already considering what young gentle man I shall find soliciting the honor of her hand when I return. Major Franks^ speaks in raptures of several lovely young ladies who have been introduced in com pany since I left Philadelphia. As much as I admire the works of art in the dying Cleopatra, and a beautiful vestal in this palace done by the most celebrated hands. of antiquity, gladly would I exchange the contemplation of those Imitations for the more animated beauties which the Major has inspired me with the curiosity to see. As we are at St Ildefonso, It would be Inexcusable to be entirely silent about the royal gardens here, which it's said are unequaled in Europe, but still in mentioning them I can only say that they surpass description. I had often heard of them as being very magnificent, but still the Idea I had formed of them was as inadequate as would be that of a person who should take his idea of a first rate ship of war from the view of a ferry-boat Here you have ye whole heathen mythology and the metamorphoses of Ovid represented In an admirable manner by figures vastly larger than the life; the fount ains, statues, and marble urns are almost Innumerable, and the water which forms the Cascades, and that which ' David Solebury Franks was one of the aids to General Arnold, through the period of his command in Philadelphia, and until his flight to the British, September I, 1780. He was detailed by Amold to protect Mrs. Amold; so that in the military family he was called the " nurse." His testimony is strong evidence in favor of Mrs. Amold's ignorance of her husband's traitorous schemes. From his relations with Amold, he was suspected, but a court of inquiry, convened at his own request, exoner ated him from all connection with or knowledge of the plot. He was respected and welcomed wherever he went for his sound good humor and manly candor.- MRS. JOHN JA Y TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. 37 is thrown up by the fountains (by some of them upwards of a hundred feet,) is perfectly transparent ; in short, the whole discovers a royal master. Nor is the palace less worthy of observation, since It is stored with an immense number of valuable antiquities In the lower apartments; [This letter ends here abruptly ; the remaining pages are missing.] Paris, 14th Novbr. 1782. With what pleasure, my dear madam, do I take up my pen as a medium of or substitute for a conversation with yqu, by admitting no other idea to rob me of your image, I enjoy, at least for the moment, the most pleasing delusion. Yesterday, your little sons, by passing their holiday with me, made me very happy. Robert^ so ex ceedingly resembles Mr. Morris, that I feel for him a respect mingled with my love ; tho', at the same time, I regret his distance from his father's example and coun sel. When (as It sometimes happens,) among our little Americans, that my decision is referred to respecting matters of right and wrong, I always request Robert's opinion, and when he hesitates, I ask him what he thinks would be his father's sentiments upon such occasions, to which he generally replys very justly; and I remark to him the certainty of his acting with propriety while he- ^Eldest son of Mr. and Mrs. Morris, bom at Philadelphia, December 19, 1769; married, May 5, 1796, Anna, daughter of Benjamin Shoemaker, of Philadelphia, and died during a visit abroad, subsequent to 1804. In the fall of 1781, Mr. Morris sent his two sons, Robert and Thomas, to Europe, under the care of Mr. Matthew Ridley, later the husband of Miss Kitty Livingston, for the purpose of being educated. They retumed home in the spring of 1788, having passed their last two years at the University of Leipsic. Robert, the son, upon his return, read law with Richard Harrison in New York, and afterwards practiced his profession in his native city. 38 MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. Imitates so worthy an example. Tommy ^ (who is like wise a fine boy,) told me that his last letters mentioned Hetty's and Maria's illness. I hope they are now quite recovered, as well as my dear Kitty. You will embrace them for me? If, during my stay in Paris, it is in my power to serve you, nothing, my dear Mrs, Morris, can give me greater pleasure than receiving your commands. At present the prevailing fashions are very decent and very plain; the gowns most" worn are the robes cc^ Vangloise, which are exactly like the Italian habits that were in fashion in America at the time I left It. The sultana, resembling the long pollnese, is also a la mode^ but as it is not expected that it will long remain so; everybody makes them of slight silk. There is so great a variety of hats, caps, cuffs, &c., that it is impossible to describe them. I forgot to mention that the robe a Vangloise, if trimmed either with the same or with gauze is dress, but if entirely untrlmmed must be worn with an apron and is undress; negligees are very little in vogue; fans of eight or ten sous are almost the only ones In use. At the Marquis de la Fayette's table, I had the pleasure of hearing you, my dear Mrs. Morris, mentioned the other day, as well as Mr. Morris, in terms to me the most grateful imaginable. The Marchioness'* is a most amiable 1 second son of Mr. and Mrs. Morris, bom at Philadelphia, Febraary 26, 1771; married in Albany, May 28, 1799, to Sally, daughter of Col. John Kane, of Schenec tady, and died in New York, March 12, 1849. He read law also in the office of Richard Harrison, of New York, and after his admission to the bar, settled at Canandaigua, in the Genesee country. He was the first Representative in Congress from all the region west of Seneca Lake, in the years 1801 to 1803, and was for three years, a member of the New York Assembly from Ontario county. Sharing in his. father's reverses of fortune, he retiimed to New York, where he practiced his profes- sipn, and, subsequently, for many years, held the office of United States Marshall for the Eastern District of New York. 2 Madame de la Fayette was Anastasie, second daughter of Count d'Ayon, after ward Due de Noailles and Mar^chal de Mouchy, a descendant of the great d'Aguesseau. When she married la Fayette, he was sixteen and she was one or two years younger. Madame de la Fayette was strack with paralysis and died in Paris, December 24, 1807. MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. 39 woman; she expressed her inclination to see America in very flattering terms, and I could not forbear assuring her that if she ever honored us by a visit, she would find that her character there had already prepared the Ameri cans to receive her in a manner that would convince her that the Marquis, tho' much esteemed, was not the only one of his family that they respected. The Queen has lately returned to Versailles, after a residence of eight or ten weeks at Passey.^ While there I used sometimes to have the pleasure of seeing her at the Plays. She is so handsome, and her manners are so engaging, that almost forgetful of republican principles, I was ever ready, while in her presence, to declare her born to be a Queen. There are, however, many traits in her character worthy of imitation even by republicans, and I cannot but ad mire her resolution to superintend the education of Madame Royale, her daughter, to whom she has allotted chambers adjoining her own, and persists in refusing to name a Governatete for her. The Duchess of Polniac,* is named for that office to the Dauphin. I have just been interrupted by a visit from the Princess Mazarin, who Informed me that the Count d'Artois* ' The beautiful, but unfortunate, Marie Antoinette. * Passy, a western suburb of Paris, within the fortifications, and about seven miles southwest of St. Denis. It is beautifully situated on a lofty hill, overlooking the river, the city, and a great expanse of gardens, parks, farms, chateaux and villages. During Franklin's residence in France, he lived at Passy, in the Hotel de Valen- tinois, which belonged to that constant friend of America, M. Ray de Chaumont. ' Jules, Count de Polignac, and his wife, Yolande Martine Gabrielle de Polastron, were the most intimate friends of Marie Antoinette, and the most prominent members of that portion of the court, which gathered around her and intrigued against the reforms of the King and his Ministers. The count was made a Duke in 1 780, and as the prodigality of the Queen and the political mistakes she made were generally ascribed to the influence of the Duchess of Polignac, she and her husband were held in hatred and contempt by the people. They were pradent and left the country together, July 16, 1789, as the first imigris. The Duchess died at Vienna, December 3, 1793. * Afterwards Charles X. of France, who had repaired to Gibraltar to witness the capture of the pl?.ce. 40 MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. would be here in eight or ten days hence, and the Prince, her husband, soon after; so I conjecture the siege of Gibraltar^ Is to be abandoned. I have had so many Interruptions since I've been writing this short letter, that I must entreat you will im pute some of the blunders with which it is filled to that cause. Please to present Mr. Jay's and my compliments to Mr. and Mrs. White, ^ Mr. Morris, the Chevalier la Luzerne, Mr. Marbois, and Mr. Holker. Mr. Jay likewise desires me to assure you that his esteem for you Is not less than that with which I have the honor to be. My dear Madam, Yours sincerely, Sa. Jay. Grand Hotel D'Orleans, Rue des petits Augustins. Paris, 25th Novbr. 17S2. My Dear Madam: — It was not without regret that I heard of Captain Barney's' leaving Paris without having 1 This natural fortress is notable for the number of attempts made by different nations to capture it, but the most memorable siege was that sustained by it under the English, during the years 1 779-1 783, by the combined land and sea forces of France and Spain. The grand attack on the place was made September 13, 1782, and all the resources of power and science were exhausted by the assailants in the fruitless attempt. This event has been commemorated by the brushes of two American artists — Copley and Trumbull. The siege ended only with the general peace of Febraary, 1783. ^ Brother and sister-in-law of Mrs. Morris. He was afterwards the well-known prelate. Bishop White, of Pennsylvania. 'Joshua Bamey was bom in Baltimore, July 6, 1759; married March 16, 1780, a daughter of Gunning Bedford, of Philadelphia, and died at Pittsburgh, Pa., December I, 1818. Commodore Bamey entered the Continental Navy at the beginning of the war, and in 1782, took command of the State of Pennsylvania's ship-of-war, Hyder AH, armed with sixteen six-pounders, with which he fought and took, off' the Capes of Delaware, the British man-of-war. General Monk, mounting twenty nine-pounders. The General Monk, was re-christened the General Washington, and in her, soon after, Bamey sailed to carry instructions to Franklin in France, and on his return voyage brought the news of peace. MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. 41 those things in charge, which you had requested might be sent by him. But I hope my dear friend will acquit me of indolence, when I assure her that I never received the commission with which I was honored, till two days before the Captain's departure, and one of those was Sunday, on which you know business could not be trans acted. Mr. Le Couteulx^ still flatters me that the box may arrive at the port in time to be taken on board. ^ Louis Stephen Couteulx de Chaumont was bom at Rouen, in France, August 24, 1756. He was the only son of Anthony Le Couteulx, a counsellor at law, and delegate to the Parliament of Normandy. He was destined for the law, but having no taste for that occupation, entered into commercial pursuits, and understanding the English and Spanish languages, passed several years in London and Cadiz. In Sep tember, 1786, he was married at Paris, to Miss Clonet, a niece of General Tousard, who came to America with Lafayette and lost an arm in our Revolution. Im mediately after his marriage, Mr. Le Couteulx was sent to the United States, to negotiate a setdement of accounts with the house of Robert Morris. Having arranged the accounts with Mr. Morris, he became so well pleased with the country, that he bought a farm of about two hundred acres, in Bucks County, Pa., which he called La Petite France. He subsequently became a naturalized citizen of the United States. He was the first to introduce merino sheep into this country, having imported a pair from Spain in 1789, which he presented to Mr. Morris. In the fall, he retumed to France, as will be seen by the following letter : Philada., October 30th, 1789. Dear Sir : The enclosed letter came by the Frigate Alliance from Cadiz, which I sup pose passed you in the River as you was going down. I have taken the Two Sheep .and sent them to the Hills where good care shall be taken of them. I find by Mad'm Le Couteulx letter to Mrs. Morris that you had a fine passage down the River & Bay of Delaware. I hope the same good luck may attend you during the whole voyage, and that you may soon land and find the Troubles of France all settled, and your Family & Friends all in good Health. I will preserve some of the Breed of these sheep to be restored to you should you ¦ever return to this country, and with great regard, I remain, Dear Sir, Your aff'ectionate Friend & humble Servant, Robt. Morris. Mr. Le Couteulx de Caumont, Paris. He came again to America, and established himself in business in Albany, in 1795, and removed to Buffalo in 1804. He was soon after' employed as ^ent by the Hol land Land Company, for the sale of their lands in Buffalo and its vicinity. He died in Buffalo, October i6th, 1839. His wife never returned to this country, owing to the climate here not suiting her, and she died in France, the year before her husband. 42 MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. The measure for your gown cannot, it seems, be found, but it is of less consequence, as Mr. Ridley^ has sent out for Mrs. Powel,^ two habits; a sultana and an English habit, which you can see before you have your's made. The Pistache and rose colour were most fashionable last autumn, but what will succeed them in the spring is difficult yet to divine ; the trimming is made by the first miliner, and will either suit a sultana or habit, with both of which dresses they wear the petticoat of a differ ent colour. You'll pardon the liberty I've taken in adding an handkerchief: for, as It was new and consequently ad mired, I could not resist the Inclination: it's to be ty'd on before the gown and then pinned down to the stays, and 1 Matthew Ridley belonged to the old English border family of that name, originally from Tynedale, Northumberland. Mr. Ridley came to America in 1770, and shortly afterwards established himself at Baltimore, as a merchant. In the sum mer of 1775, he was compelled, owing to private affairs, to return to London, but he retained his interest in the colonies and was a member of the committee, organized in. London, for the relief of American prisoners. In September, 1778, he went to Nantes, but the following April retumed to Baltimore. In November, 1 781, he was appointed financial agent for the State of Maryland, and sailed for Brest to negotiate a loan. It was at this time that he took Mr. Morris' two sons. Ini 783, he was made one of the commissioners to settle the accounts of public officers abroad. In the summer of 1789, he returned to Baltimore, and the next year married Miss Kitty Livingston. He died November 13, 1789, at the age of forty. * Mrs. Powel was Elizabeth Willing, bom Febraary loth, 1742, the younger sister of Mr. Thomas Willing, the father of Mrs. Bingham. She was married August 7th, 1769, at Christ Church, to Samuel Powel, afterwards Mayor of Philadelphia, and later. Speaker of the Senate of Pennsylvania. She died January 17th, 1830, "Dis tinguished by her good sense and her good works." The following letter from Mr. Powel to Mr. Morris, and indorsed by the latter, "A kind note received from Mr. Powel, when he thought me in distress, to be remembered, R. Morris," seems not out of place here : Sunday Afternoon. Sir : — Mrs. Powel informs me that she understands you are put to some difficul ties to procure a Waggon. If so, tho' I have not a Waggon, yet I have two carts, a light & heavy one, at my Place over Schuylkill, which are quite at your service if you have occasion for them. I have also an Horse in my Stable which is equally good for \W fart pr wldlf & is alpp at ypur Servicp. I am sir Your very humble servt Samuel Powel. MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. 43;, when the gown is on, to be put under the shoulder-straps, and then the tippet Is put round the edg& of it, and ren ders a tucker unnecessary. I can't imagine why it's called a Chemise, for I cannot discover any resemblance that It bears to that part of dress. The hat and cloak are fashionable at all seasons of the year, tho' in the winter the cloak is only worn in dress. Your stays, tho' made according to your direction, is perfectly the mode, stiff ones having long since been laid aside — but you forget that your waist has length as well as breadth, and, there fore, you'll be obliging as to pardon your Taylor if he has- not guessed right. Am I at liberty to draw any infer ence from your partiality? As black and white riding hats are equally worn,. I've sent both, the one trimmed In the present taste,. the other without ribbon, that your own may be consulted; they are likewise very much worn of a morning, with the hair dressed without a cushion,, as for riding. Should I have been so fortunate as. to give satisfaction in the choice of the things, I shall think myself vastly happy, and always proud in being honored with your commands. May I flatter myself that this scarce legible scrawl will, as well as some former ones, meet with your indulgence. With my best wishes for Mr.. Morris and my dear Kitty, I remain, My Dear Madam, Your very sincere and Affectionate Friend, Sa. Jay. When I proposed to myself this morning the pleasure of writing to my dear Mrs. Morris, I did not think I should have been limitted to a few lines ; but after writing a long letter to mamma, I find myself too weak to indulge 44 MRS. JOHN JAY TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. myself You will, however, my dear friend, take the will for the deed, and excuse, rather than blame me. As the experiments that have been made, and are daily making, of Globes filled with inflammable air, occasion vari ous speculations and furnishes matters for a variety of con jectures, I doubt not but accounts have already reached you of the experiment lately made near Paris, and there fore take the liberty of sending you the engravings copy'd from It. It is confidently reported that the colour of the ball (which you'll perceive is of a yellowish cast,) will be the ton for next winter, and there are already handkerchiefs, &c., a le ballon; if that be true, once more adieu, poor Malbroke! With best compliments to Mr. Morris, I remain, dear madam. Yours, &c., Sa. Jay. Passy, 12 Septr., 1783. EPIGRAM. Occasioned by Seeing Miss Peggy Chew ^ ATnong the Branches of a Tree in the Garden of B. Chew, Esq. The Hebrews write, and those who can Believe an apple tempted man To touch the tree exempt; Tho' tasted at a vast expense, 'Twas too delicious to the sense Not mortally to tempt ; But had the tree of knowledge bloom' d Its branches by such fruit perfumed. As here enchants my view, What mortal Adam's taste could blame? Who would not die to eat the same? When Gods might wish a Chew! * Afterwards the wife of Governor John Egar Howard, of Maryland. ROBERT MORRIS, OF OXFORD, Md. Extract From a Manuscript "Narrative of the Principal Incidents in the Life of Jeremiah Banning. Written by Himself in 1793." In Pos session of Mrs. Emily E. Banning, of Wilmington, Delaware. "* * * he shipped himself. Mate, on board the Sloop Oxford, under the command of Nicholas Price, be ing bound on a voyage to the Island of Barbadoes. This vessel belonged to Foster Cunllffe & Sons, merchants, of Liverpool, & who had for many years, carried on an ex tensive & lucrative traffick at Oxford, & particularly under the agency of Mr. Robert Morris, their factor; this gentle man was one of those instances out of many to evince, that it is not always necessary to be high born & edu cated to become a conspicuous character. This was quite the reverse with Mr. Morris, being brought up to the mean business of a nail maker, with a school educa tion similar thereto. His great natural abilities o'er leaped every other dificiency. As a mercantile genius, t'was thought he had not his equal In this land. As a companion & bon vivant, he was Incomparable. If he had any public political point to carry, he defeated all opposition. He gave birth to the inspection law on tobacco — & carried it — though opposed by a powerful party. He was the first who introduced the mode of keeping accounts in money. Instead of so many pounds of tobacco — so many yard — so many gallon — so many pound, &c., — as was formerly the case. He was a steady, sincere, & warm friend, where he made profes sions, and had a hand ever open and ready to relieve real distress. At repartee, he bore down all before him. His greatest foibles, that of a haughty & overbearing carriage, perhaps a too vindictive spirit, & to this may be added an extreme severity to his servants — and (45) 46 ROBERT MORRIS, OF OXFORD, Md. which. Indeed, might have been reckoned the greatest reflection on the times, for it was not uncommon, when -people of the first class met together at each other's houses, to hear them boast of the new invented ways of whipping & punishing negroes & servants; & I am ¦sorry to say, that the ladies would too often mingle in the like conversation, & seem to enjoy it I am assured if such characters existed at this day, they would be hooted out of society, "Mr. Morris was father to the present Robert Morris Off Philadelphia, and the most distinguished merchant of his time. In America, & perhaps exceeded but by few in the world, as to his extensiveness of trade, mercantile Icnowledge, popularity & probity in his dealings. "Mr. Morris, the elder, & agent to the great house of Cunllffe & Sons, of Liverpool, received his death ¦wround in July, 1750, by the wad of a gun, fired by way ¦of salute to him, from the ship Liverpool, merchant, Samuel Mathews, commander, then lying at Oxford. The accident happened in this manner: On the arrival of the aforesaid ship from England, Mr. Morris, with some other gentlemen, went on board, as usual on such .an arrival; on his return, was accompanied by the captain, who had, before he left the ship, given orders on a certain signal to salute, with such a number of can non — the signal was, when the captain put his finger td his nose — unfortunately, before the boat had rowed clear ¦of the range of the guns, a fly lodged on the nose of Captain Mathews, he with his hand, without thought, brushed It away, this was taken by the officer on board as the signal. The guns were fired, the wad, of one of which past through the back-board of the pinnace, & struck Mr. Morris's arm a little above the elbow, ibroke the bone, & occasioned a great contusion, which, ROBERT MORRIS, OF OXFORD, Md. 47 in a few days brought on mortification, and in August a period to his life. "It may appear fabulous, but notwithstanding, as suredly true, that Mr. Morris, had a favorite English spaniel, by the name of Tray, this dog kept by his Master, during his sickness, & in a few hours died. This is a fact, known by many, now living, & I, myself, saw the dog lying, under his masters corpse. I do not mention this, through any motive of superstition, but merely, as to the sensibility of those sagacious animals. "What led to the above particulars of Mr. Morris, was In order to give a sketch of the now poor, forlorn, & deserted town of Oxford, which was at the time of his death, & during his agency, & of which he was the principle promoter, the most commercial port in Mary land, & where the store-keepers, & other retailers, both on the western & eastern side of Chesapeake, repaired to lay in their supplies. In those days, Talbot county afforded but very few stores. Easton (then called the Court-house) not one. Seven or eight large ships, at one time, hath frequently been seen laying at Oxford, completing their lading. It was no uncommon thing to despatch a ship of 500 hogshead of tobacco In one fortnight after their arrival. At that time tobacco did not undergo a public Inspection as now — men skilled in that article were employed by the merchants, (and who were called receivers,) to view, weigh, & give receipts to the planters. After which vessels were sent to collect it, when It underwent a repacking & priseing preparatory to shipping. After the death of Mr. Morris, commerce, splendor, & the agreeable hurry of business at Oxford, gradually declined to the commencement of the Civil War, which broke out in 1776, when it became in a manner totally deserted as to commerce." 48 ROBERT MORRIS, OF OXFORD, Md. NOTE BY CHARLES HENRY HART. ¦When Robert Morris came to this country, it is impossible now to state. He- was at Oxford, as the factor of Foster Cunliff, Esq., of Liverpool, as early as June 27, 1740, for there is a receipt of his extant bearing that date. Upon Mr. Morris' death, he was succeeded, as the representative of the Cunliffs, by Henry Callister, who had been a deputy under Mr. Morris, and was a man of fine education. In a letter to Robert Morris, the financier, dated December 11, 1764, Mr. Callister, who is asking for em ployment for a nephew, writes: "You are perhaps yet too young to need lessons of mortality, 1 shall not plague you with them ; I shall only tell you that I was the last that spoke to your father, and the last that heard him speak, (for I make no account of two or three old women in the chamber.) At his request, I read Plato's Phaedo, with which he was extremely pleased, and I am confident he died with less pain than he would have done without that." This last is a most interesting fact, and indicates that Mr. Morris was a man of such cultivation, that he could appreciate the words and the logic of the great philosopher. The statement by Capt. Banning, that Robert Morris was originally a nail maker, seems very doubtful, in view of the fact that he was but forty at the time of his death, and ten years before, at the imma ture age of thirty, was the representative of a large commercial house in Liverpool. Capt. B. was but seventeen (bom March 25, 1733,) at the time of Mr. Morris' death, and this account was not written until 1793, so it is, of course, mere hearsay and recollection. In this connection, the following inscription upon Mr. Morris' tomb, in old White Marsh Burial-ground, St. Peter's Parish, Talbot Co., Md., may be of interest: In memory of Robert Morris, a Native of Liverpool, in Great Britain. L^te Merchant of Oxford In this province. Punctual Integrity influenced his dealings, Principals of Honor governed his actions; With an uncommon degree of Sincerity, He despised Artifice and Dissimulation : His Friendship was firm, candid and valuable ; His Charity frequent, secret and well adapted. His Zeal for the Publicke good, active and usefiil, His Hospitality was enhanced by his conversation, Seasoned with cheerful wit, and a sound judgment. A Salute from the canon of a ship The wad fracturing his arm Was the signal by which he departed Greatly lamented, as he was esteemed In the fortieth year of his age. On the 1 2th day of July MDCCL. " Copied from the Tombstone of Robert Morris, by Mr. Edw. Tilghman, Queen Ann County, Maryland, May 20, 1851. ROBERT MORRIS, OF OXFORD, MD. 49 " Receiving the copy of the Epitaph on the Tombstone of my grandfather, Robert Morris, has led me to reflect upon the circumstances attending his death, which I heard from my mother — and while the recollection is fresh in my memory, I deter mined to write them down. " Robert Morris was a Merchant of high standing where he resided. It was custom ary at that early day, when a large ship arrived — or was about sailing for England — for the owner to give an entertainment on board the vessel to his friends. Robert Morris had invited a large company to dine on board one of his ships. On the night previous to the day of the dinner, he dreampt the day had been agreeably spent, but in returning to the shore, he received a wound from the salute, (which it was custom ary to fire,) and which would cause his death. The dream appeared a reality — he could not overcome it, he could not banish it from his mind — in fact, so overpowering was the feeling, that he determined not to join the party, and communicated to the captain of the vessel that he was under the necessity of absenting himself, and, finally, was compelled to relate to the captain his dream, and the effect it produced on his mind. He was aware of what would be considered the weakness of his feelings, but they could not be resisted, he had struggled with himself and made every effort before he could acknowledge it. The captain, finding that entreaties, persuasion nor ridi cule, could change his determination, finally assured him that no salute should be fired, and Robert Morris very unwillingly yielded to his solicitations. The company assembled on board, the day passed pleasantly. At the moment of their' departure firom the vessel, the captain came to Mr. Morris, told him the sailors could not under stand why they were not to fire the customary salute — they would not be satisfied, as they then received their glass of grog. R. Morris then stipulated that the salute should not be fired until he gave the signal, by waving his handkerchief. When the boat, in which the company were returning, was about half way between the ship and the shore, a lady accidentally dropped her handkerchief, the salute was fired, and Robert Morris received the wound which caused his death in three days. Another circumstance was told to me, that a little pet dog followed his master to the grave — could not be induced to leave it, — and died there. MARIA NIXON, Daughter of Robert Morris, and granddaughter of the above mentioned Robert Morris." Only very recently, as will be seen by the date of the certificate, has the existence of so important and interesting a document, as that which follows, come to light : Will of Robert Morris. In the name of God Amen. I Robert Morris, of Talbot County and Province of Maryland, merchant (Son of Andrew Morris Mariner and Maudlin his wife, both deceased, late of the town of Liverpoole in the County of Lancaster and Kingdom of Great Britaine) being in good and perfect health, and peace of mind, do this seven teenth day of April, one thousand seven hundred and forty nine, make and publish this my last will and testament. Imprimis : I commend my soul to Almighty God, the Author and giver of life, and my body to be decently Intered in the earth, in hopes and full confidence of a 4A 50 ROBERT MORRIS, OF OXFORD, MD. joyfuU resurrection, through the merits of Jesus Christ, the son of God, my Re deemer and Savior, and I dispose of that worldly estate with which it hath pleased the Almighty to bless me as follows : First. I give to my beloved sister Ellin Eccleston, wife of Jonathan Eccleston butcher in Liverpoole, one hundred pounds sterling money. Item. I give to my beloved sister Margaret Trout wife to George Trout, at Mr. Timothy HoUis's merchant in London, one hundred pounds sterling money. Item. I give to my two cousins Ellin and Sarah, daughters of Easter Jackson late of Liverpool, ten pounds Sterling each. Item. I give to the lawful heir of Mr. John Gorst, formerly my worthy master, late of Liverpoole, deceased, fifty pounds sterling. Item. I give to Sarah Wise of Talbot County in Maryland, for the good will and affection I have for her, two hundred and fifty pounds current money of Maryland, and my two silver pint canns, and six silver table spoons. Item. I give to Sarah, Daughter of the said Sarah Wise, one hundred pounds current money of Maryland. Item. I give to the child that Sarah Wise aforesaid is now with child of one hundred pounds current money of the Province aforesaid, and it is my will that the two last mentioned sums shall be paid to the said Sarah Wise, immediately after my decease for the use of her said children. I also give to the said Sarah Wise the elder, one mourning ring and the smallest of my two silver tankards, and all my shirts and other •wearing linnen that I shall dye possest of. Item. I give to my friend John Hanmer, of Kent County, Merchant, any six volumes of bookes that he shall chuse out of my Library and ten pounds sterling and one mourning ring. Item. I give to my friend John Caile, of Dorset County, Merchant, any six volumes of books that he shall chuse out of my Library and ten pounds sterling and one mouming ring, and the largest of my silver waiters. Item. I give to my friend Henry Caleister, Merchant, any six volumes that he shall chuse out of my Library, and ten pounds sterling and one mourning ring and one of my mahogany armd chairs. Item. I give to my friend James Nicols, of New Town, in Kent County, Attorney at law, any six volumes that he shall chuse out of my Library, and ten pounds sterling and one mouming Ring. Item. I give to my friend Risdon Bozman, of Talbot County aforesaid, the largest of my silver tankards and one mourning ring. Item. I give to my friend William Goldsborough, of Talbot County aforesaid, Attorney at law, my silver bottle crain and silver Pipe and one mourning ring. Item. I give to my worthy masters Foster Cunliffe, Ellis Cunliffe and Robt Cunllffe merchants, in Liverpoole, all the pictures that I have hanging in their house at Oxford aforesaid and each of them one mourning ring. Item. I give to my friends Capt. John Johnson Mr. Thomas Backhouse and Capt. Edward Barnes, all of Liverpoole, one mourning ring each. Item. I give to my friend Mr. Robert Greenway, ten pounds sterling, and to him and George Okell of Philadelphia, one mourning ring each. ROBERT MORRIS, OF OXFORD, MD. 51 Item. I give to my friend Capt. John Coward, one of my mahogany armd chairs, and my Cardwine or case, and the bottles it contains, and one mouming ring, and to his son, my Godson, five pounds current money. Item. I give to Hannah Prout, Mary Markland and Mary Surty, all of Talbot County aforesaid, ten pounds current money each and one mouming ring to each of them. Item. I give to Elizabeth, daughter of Mary Surty aforesaid, ten pounds current money and one mouming ring. Item. I give the poor people of St. Peters Parish, in Talbot County aforesaid, fifty pounds current money to be distributed amongst them by the Rector and Vestry of the said Parish. Item. I give to my friends Mr. Anthony Bacon of London, merchant, Mr. James Dick inson the Revd. Thomas Bacon and Nicholas Goldsborough Junr. Mr. Samuel Cham- berlaine and Mr. John Leeds and Mrs. Margaret Lowe, all of Talbot County aforesaid, one mourning ring each. Item. I give all my lands and tenements whatsoever whereof I shall die seized in possession, reversion or remainder, to a youth now living with my friend Robert Greenway, in Philadelphia, known there by the name of Robert Morris Junior, who arrived in Philadelphia, from Liverpoole, some time in the year one thousand seven hundred and forty eight, and to him the said Robert Morris Junior, now living with Mr. Robert Greenway merchant in Philadelphia, I give and bequeath all the lands and tene ments I shall die possessed of forever, and I likewise give to the said Robert Morris Junior all the rest and residue of my goods, chatties, merchandize, apparel and personal estate whatsoever. Lastly. I make constitute and ordain, my good friend John Caile, of Dorset County, John Hanmer and James Nicols, of Kent County and Robert Greenway of Philadel phia, to be my Executors of this my will and. I desire that they will execute this my will according to my trae intent and meaning, and pay off the several Legacies I have left, and send the rings to the persons above mentioned, as soon after my deceased as they can, and dispose of all my effects in the best manner they can and transmit in bills of Exchange or otherwise the remaining part of my estate to Mr. Robert Green way, of Philadelphia, to be kept by him in trust for Robert Morris Junr. till the said Robert Morris shall ask and demand it from him, and whenever Robert Morris Junr. now living with Robert Greenway, in Philadelphia, shall demand what effects I have given him by this my will I desire the said Mr. Greenway will deliver to him the said Robert Morris Junr. all such effects, whether it be remitted to him by the other of my Executors, in cash, bills or any merchandize whatsoever. I desire my Executors or such of them as shall be nearest to me when I die, to see me buried in St. Peters church yard, in Talbot County, if I die in Maryland, and to cause a handsome stone to be put over me with any inscription that they shall think proper, and it is my will that they shall retain in their hands, as much of my money as will be sufficient to defray such expense. In witness whereof I the said Robert Morris have to this my last and only will and testament set my hand and seal the day and year above written. Robert Morris [seal] Signed, sealed, published and declared by the said Robert Morris, as and for his last will and testament, in the presence of us, whose names are here under written, who did 52 ROBERT MORRIS, OF OXFORD, Md. each of us subscribe our names, as witnesses, at his request and in his presence in the room where he then was. The words " one mouming ring and ten pounds sterling and to him" being first interlined. Wm. Kemp, his Solomon x Cornish, mark Hall Caile. On the back of the aforegoing will was the following probate, thus written, viz. : Talbot County to wit, August ist 1750. William Kemp, Solomon Cornish and Hall Caile the subscribing witnesses to the foregoing will being duly and solemnly swom on the Holy Evangely of Almighty God, depose and say that they saw the Testator Robert Morris sign the foregoing will and heard him publish and declare the same to be his last will and testament that at the time of his so doing he was to the best of their apprehension of sound and disposing mind and memory and that they subscribed their respective names as witnesses to the said will in the presence of the testator and at his request. Certified by Jere. Nicols, Depty. Comry. of Talbot County. Maryland, Anne Arundel County, Sct. : / Hereby Certify, That the within and foregoing last will and testament of Robert Morris, is traly copied from Liber D. D. No. 6, 1749 to 1750, one of the records in the office of the Register of Wills for Anne Arandel County aforesaid. In Testimony Whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name and affix the Seal of the Orphans' Court for Anne Arandel County, this 26th day of January, A. D. 1883. [seal] Test: John W. Brashears, Register Wills A. A. County. The Inventory of Mr. Morris' estate on file in the above office covers twenty large folio pages, and the appraised value of his personal property was ;f2558, i8s., 6^d. The signature, under the portrait, from an original oil painting, supposed to be by Feke or Hesselius, in the possession of his great grand-daughter. Miss Elizabeth Nixon, of Philadelphia, is a fac-simile from an account current with James Tilghman* Esq., bearing date Oxford, June 30, 1746. '^.^t.sA*' ^ r^W,,^ ^ (Jl^otyuUj :ijQu':n%i HON. HENRY MOORE RIDGELY, OF DELAWARE. TJENRY MOORE RIDGELY, ¦*¦-*¦ was the son of Dr. Charles Greenbury Ridgely and Ann Moore, his second wife, his mother being the daughter of William Moore, Esq., of Moore Hall. He was born in the town of Dover, Dela ware, August 6th, 1779. He re- |ceived a classical education at Dickinson College, and graduated with honor at that Institution dur ing the presidency of the celebrated Dr. Nesbit. He studied law In Lancaster, Penna., under the direction of the Hon. Charles Smith, and was admitted to the Bar in or about 1802, rapidly making his way into a very lucrative practice. His forensic talent, combined with much courtesy of manner and great moral integrity, gave him a commanding influence. He was contemporary with the elder Bayard, the Reads, Rodney, Van Dyke^ Robinson, Hall, Clayton, McLane, Black, and other eminent lawyers of that school, and continued his practice, influence and eminence in their midst until he retired from the active duties of his profession, a few years before his death. At the age of twenty-seven, he was made President of the Farmers Bank at Dover, which office he held from the time of Its incorporation in 1807, till a short time before (S3) 5 4 HON. HENR Y MO ORE RID GELY. his death, when failing health induced him to resign; having then held it for forty consecutive years. He filled many important offices, the duties of which he discharged with great ability. He held the office of Secretary of his native State during the administration of three Governors, He was first appointed by Governor Clark in 1817, after wards by Governor Stout, and again by Governor Painter. He was elected to Congress in 181 1, again in 181 3, and refused renomination in 18 15. He was fre quently elected to the State Legislature, and framed some of its best laws. He succeeded Nicholas Van Dyke in the United States Senate in 1827. He never sought office, but refused distinguished positions which were offered to him. On the death of his brother. Chancellor Nicholas Ridgely, in 1830, the commission was offered to him, , and declined. He also declined the office of Chief Justice, While Secretary of State, he collected the papers belonging to that office, which had been scattered in many places, arranged them in proper order, looked up the Archives of the State, and thus saved much of interest and importance. His fondness for reading, and his literary attainments, with a remarkably retentive memory, made him socially a most delightful companion. He was married in 1 803 to Sarah, daughter of John Banning, of Dover, Delaware; by this lady he left five children to survive him. He married a second time Sally A., daughter of Governor C. P. Comeygs, on the 17th of May, 1842. He died August 6th, 1847, it being the sixty-eighth anniversary of his birth. Ed. INDENTURE OF APPRENTICESHIP OF WILLIAM KINNERSLEY. THE only real interest which attaches to the following document, arises from the fact that there is every reason to believe it refers to the father of the celebrated Ebenezer Kinnersley, A. M., the American Electrician, and who was, for nearly twenty years, the Professor of English and Oratory in the College of Philadelphia, now the University of Pennsylvania. The document was found among the papers of Rev. William Smith, D. D., Provost of the University, a warm friend of Prof Kin nersley, If of no other use, it has informed me who was the grandfather of the Professor. The name of one of the witnesses is Elizabeth Kinnersley of whose rela tionship to the parties I know nothing whatever. Morgan Edwards, the early Baptist Historian says, that while Rev. Jenkin Jones was pastor of the United Baptist Churches of Pennepek and Philadelphia, he had as his assistant, Mr. William Kinnersley, who, the same authority states, was born in 1669, at a place called the Lynch, near Leominster in Erdsfield parish, and County of Hereford. This document describes his father as Richard Kinnersley, of Upperton, in the parish of Shoborn, Herefordshire, yeoman, but noth ing else is known of his ancestors. When about fourteen years of age, he learned the art or business of weaving, and no doubt followed it for a livelihood until he came to America, which was on the 14th of September, 1714, at the age of forty-five years. While still In England, he was, Mr. Edwards says, "an exhorter" in the Baptist Church at Tuxberry, but was never ordained. At Pen nepek, he exercised his talent with acceptance, and no doubt often officiated while Mr. Jones, the pastor, (ss) 56 INDENTURE OF WILLIAM KINNERSLEY. preached in Philadelphia. He died February 13, 1734, and was buried at Pennepek. His wife was Sarah Turner, of Ross, in Herefordshire, by whom he had two children, Ebenezer, who married Sarah Duffield, and Mary, who married into the Hubbs family. Ebenezer was baptized September 6, 1735, was ordained in 1743, and preached at Philadelphia and elsewhere until 1754, when he became a Professor In the College. Of his career as a philosopher, and especially as the best known electrician of his day, I need not. In this prefatory note, speak. Suffice It to say, that his discoveries were such as to attract the attention of learned men, not only in America, where he was the first to deliver public lectures on the subject, but also in England and Continental Europe, as may be learned from Dr. Priestley's History of Electricity.^ Indenture.^ This Indenture witnesseth that William Kinersly Sonn of Richard Kinersly of upperton in the Parrish of Shobdon In the County of hereffbrd yeoman, by and with the consent of the said Richard Kinersly his father hath Put himself an apprentice unto Rowland Stead of Leominster in the County of hereford, weawer to learne his Trade and occupation, and after the manner of an apprentice with him to dwell from the day of the date of these presents unto the end And terme of seaven years then next ensuelnge, fully to be compleat and ended, dureinge all which time the said William apprentice to the said Rowland his master, well and faithfully shall serve, his secrets shall keep, his Comandements lawfully and honestly evry where shall obay, hurt or damage to his said Master he shall not doe nor consent to be don 1 The above Prefatory Note has been furnished me by Horatio Gates Jones, the Baptist Historian of Philadelphia, to whom I submitted the original document. — Ed. 2 Printed verbatim from the original, in the collection of W. F. Boogher. INDENTURE OF WILLIAM KINNERSLEY. 57 to the value of twelve Pence by the year or above but he to his power shall let or hinder the same, or forthwith give warninge to his said Master thereof: Taverns of Custome, ends, or ale houses he shall not haunt, unless it be about his Masters bissinesse there to be don, att the dice cards or any other unlawfull games he shall not play, the goods of his said Master he shall not wast, nor them to any one Lend without his Masters consent; fornication within the hous of his said Master nor with out he shall not committe, matrimony with any woman within the said term he shall not contract nor espouse nor from his Masters service neither by day nor neight shall ab sent or prolonge himself, but as a true and faithfull servant he shall demean himself towards his said Master dureinge the said term : And the said Master his said apprentice in the art, trade, and mistery and occupation which he useth shall after the best manner he can teach and instruct, or caus to [be] Taught and instructed as much as to the said trade or occupation belongeeth or in anywise Appertain- eth: The said Richard Kinersly father of the said Ap prentice shall and doe stand ingaged to provide all manner of clothes and apparell both for mendlnge and makeinge now at his Cost and charge befittlnge such apprentice to have. And the said Master for his said apprentice shall find and provide for the said apprentice good and sufficient meat, drinke, washinge and Lodginge and shall at the end of the said Seaven Years Service deliver up to the said apprentice his said Indentures. In Witness whereof the said parties to these Presents have interchangeably set to their hands and seales the twenty sixt day of July Anno domini 1 680 Rowland Stead [seal] . Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of Thomas Holder, Elizabeth Kinersly. her Joane x Oaffee. mark HISTORICAL PAPERS.! Samuel Allinson,^ of Burlington, N. J., to Elias BouDiNOT, IN Relation to the Testimony of Quakers Against Negro Slavery. Burlington, 31st 5 mo: 1774, Respected Friend: As it was thy desire to see the minutes and pro ceedings of Friends respecting Negroes when thou wast last at Burlington, I obtained the Minutes of our Yearly meeting intending to have given thee a perusal of them, but no fit opportunity afterwards offering, I am now induc'd, merely (I may truly say) from a love to Justice and a wish to promote it towards that in ferior rank of mankind, to take the trouble of making the following extracts and copies from the book of Minutes of the Yearly meeting held for New Jersey and Pennsylvania, tho' I shou'd much rather have gratified thee with a sight of the whole: 1688. The concern among friends appears to have arose from some German Friends, who pro posed a consideration of "The Lawfulness or unlawfulness of buying and keeping of Negroes" to the said Meeting so early as the year 1688. 1 Printed verbatim from a collection of letters to, and original drafts of, letters from Elias Boudinot, LL.D. (b. Phila, May 2d, 1740; d. Burlington, N. J , Oct. 24, 1821), now in the collection of Wm. F. Boogher, with Annotations by the Editor. 2 Son of Joseph and Elizabeth AUinson. (58) HISTORICAL PAPERS. 59, 1696. The Meeting advised "That Friends be care ful not to encourage the bringing In of any more negroes, and that such that have negroes to be careful of them, bring them to meetings or have meetings with them in their families and restrain them from loose and lew'd living as much as in them lies, and from rambling abroad on First days or other times." 171 1. "That Friends may be careful according to a former Minute (1696,) not to encourage the bringing in of any more, and that all Merchts. and Factors write to their corre spondents to discourage them from sending any more." 1 71 2. That meeting express this concern to the Yearly meeting In London in an Epistle, and desire their assistance & advice, after advising with Friends of the other provinces, and duly considering the matter. 1 7 14. The Yearly Meeting in London Is Wrote to- again on this subject "We also kindly- received your advice about Negro Slaves, and we are one with you, that the Multi plying of them may be of dangerous conse quence, and therefore a law was made in Penna. laying a duty of 20^ upon every one imported there, which law the Queen was pleased to disannul," and desiring that if another shou'd be enacted they wou'd aid its confirmation. 1 71 5. "If any Friends are concerned In the importa tion of Negroes let them be dealt with and advised to avoid that practice according tch 60 HISTORICAL PAPERS. 1 71 5. the sense of former Meetings In that behalf, and that all friends who have or keep ne groes do use and treat them with humanity and a Christian Spirit, and that all do for bear Judging or reflecting on one another either in public or private concerning the detaining or keeping their servants." 1 716. Reference to the last minute enforcing it. 1 7 19. "Advised that none among us be concerned in the fetching or import'g Negro Slaves from their own country or elsewhere. And that all friends who have any of them do treat them with humanity and in a Christian man ner, and as much as in them lies make them acquainted with the principles of truth, and inculcate morality in them. 1730. "That Friends ought to be very cautious of purchasing Negroes who are imported. It be ing disagreeable to the sense of this meet ing; and recommends It to the care of Monthly Meetings to see that such who may be or are likely to be found in that practice may be admonished and cautioned how they offend herein." 1735. Repeats the caution "against encouraging the Importation of Negroes by buying them after imported." Repeated and a particular care recommended. Repeated and accounts desired to be sent up of success. Care in these respects again recommended. The like in substance. historical papers. 6 1 1754. "Dear Friends: It hath frequently been the concern of our Yearly meeting to testify their uneasiness, and disunity with the importation and pur- chas'g of Negroes and other Slaves, and to direct the overseers of the several Meet'gs to advise and deal with such as en gage therein, and It hath likewise been the continued care of many weighty Friends to press those who bear our name to guard as much as possible against being in any re spect concerned in promoting the bondage of such unhappy people. Yet as we have with sorrow to observe that their number Is of late increased amongst us we have thought proper to make our advice and judgment more public that none may plead ignorance of our principles therein, and also again earnestly exhort all to avoid in any manner encouraging that practice of making slaves of our fellow creatures. Now Dear Friends, If we continually bear in mind the Royal law of doing to others, as we would be done by, we shall never think of bereaving our fellow creatures of that valuable blessing Liberty; nor endure to grow rich by their bondage. To live in ease and plenty by the toil of those whom violence and cruelty have put in our power. Is neither consistent with Christianity or com mon Justice and we have good reason to believe draws down the displeasure of Heaven, it being a melancholy but true re flection. That where Slavekeeping prevails (62 HISTORICAL PAPERS. 1754. pure religion and Sobriety decline, as it evi dently tends to harden the Heart and render the Soul less susceptible of that holy spirit of Love meekness and charity which is the peculiar character of a true Christian. How then can we who have been con cerned to publish the Gospel of Universal love and peace among mankind be so incon sistent with ourselves as to purchase such who are prisoners of War; and thereby en courage this unchristian practice. And more especially, as many of these poor creatures are stolen away, parents from children and children from parents, and others who were in good circumstances in their native country inhumanly torn from what they esteemed a happy situation and compelled to toil in a state of Slavery, too often extremely cruel ! What dreadful scenes of murther and cruelty those barbarous Ravages must occasion in these unhappy peoples country are too ob vious to mention : Let us make their case our own and consider what we should think, and how we should feel, were we in their circumstances. Remember our blessed Re deemer's possitive command 'To do unto others as we would have them do unto us * and that with ' what measure we mete it shall be measured to us again.' And we entreat you to examine whether the purchasing of a negro, either born here or imported doth not contribute by a further importation and conse quently to the upholding all the evils men tioned, and promoting Man Stealing, the only HISTORICAL PAPERS. 63 1754. theft which by the Mosaic law was punished with death. ' He that stealeth a man and selleth him or if he be found in his hands he shall surely be put to death,' Exod, xxi. i6. The Characteristic and badge of a true Christ- Ian is Love and good works, our Savior's whole life on earth was one continued exercise of them. 'Love one another (says he) as I have loved you.' How can we be said to love our brethren, who bring, or for selfish ends keep them in bondage ? Do we act con sistent with this Noble principle, who lay such heavy burdens on our fellow creatures? Do we consider that they are called and sincerely desire that they may become heirs with us in Glory and rejoice in the liberty of the sons of God whilst we are withholding from them the common liberties of Mankind? Or can the Spirit of God, by which we have always pro fessed to be led, be the author of those op pressive and unrighteous measures? Or do we not thereby manifest that temporal interest hath n>ore influence on our conduct herein than the dictates of that merciful holy and unerring Guide? And we likewise earnestly recommend to all who have Slaves to be careful to come up in the performance of their duty towards them and to be particularly watchful over their own hearts ; it being by sorrowful experience re markable, that Custom and a familiarity with evil of any kind hath a tendency to byas the Judgment and deprave the mind. And its obvious that the future welfare of these poor 64 HISTORICAL PAPERS. 1754. Slaves who are now in bondage is generally too much disregarded by those who keep them, if their daily task of Labor be but ful filled, little else perhaps Is thought of; nay even that which in others would be looked upon with horror and detestation is little regarded in them by their Masters, such as the frequent separation of Husbands from wives and wives from husbands, whereby they are tempted to break their Marriage Covenants and live in Adultery, In direct opposition to the laws both of God and man, altho' we believe that Christ died for all men without respect of persons; how fearful then ought we to be of Engaging in what hath so natural a ten dency to lessen our humanity, and of suffer ing ourselves to be cursed to the exercise of hard and cruel measures, least thereby we In any degree loose our tender and feel ing sense of the Miseries of our fellow creatures, and become worse than those who have not believed. And Dear Friends — You* who by inherit ance have slaves born in your Families, we beseech you to consider them as souls com mitted to your trust, whom the Lord will require at your hands, and who as well as you are made partakers of the Spirit of Grace, and called to be heirs of Salvation, and let it be your constant care to watch over them for Good, instructing them In the fear of God, and the knowledge of the Gospel of Christ that they may answer the end of their Creation and God be Glori fied and honored by them as well as by us. HISTORICAL PAPERS. 65 1754. and so train them up that if you should come to behold their unhappy situation in the same light that many worthy men who are at rest have done, and many of your brethren now do, and should think it your duty to set them free, they may be the more capable to make a proper use of their liberty. Finally Brethren; We entreat you in the bowels of Gospel love, seriously to weigh the cause of detaining them in bond age. If it be for your own private gain, or any other Motive than their Good, it's much to be feared, that the Love of God, and the influence of the holy spirit is not the pre vailing Principle in you, and that your hearts are not sufficiently Redeemed from the World, which that you with ourselves may more and more come to Witness thro' the Cleansing Virtue of the holy Spirit of Jesus Christ is our earnest desire." 1755. "It is the sense and Judgment of this Meeting that where any transgress this rule of our Discipline " (to wit) the being concerned in importing or buying of Slaves "the over seers ought speedily to inform the Monthly meeting of such transgressors, in order that the meeting may proceed to treat further with them as they may be directed in the wisdom of truth." 1758. "After weightily considering the circumstances of friends within the compass of this meet ing who have any Negro or other slaves, the accounts and proposals now sent up from several Quarters, and the rules of our discipline relative thereto, much time having 66 HISTORICAL PAPERS. 1758. been spent, and the sentim'ts of many friends expressed; there appears an unanimous con cern prevail'g to put a stop to the increase of the Practice of importing buying selling or keeping Slaves for term of life, or pur chasing them for such a number of Years as manifests that such purchasers do only in terms, and not in fact avoid the imputation of being keepers of Slaves; this meeting very earnestly and affectionately entreats friends individually to consider seriously the present circumstances of these and the ad jacent provinces, which by the permission of Divine Providence have been visited with the desolating Calamities of War and blood shed, so that many of our fellow subjects are now suffering in Captivity; and fervently de sires, that excluding temporal considerations or Views of self-interest we may Manifest an humbling sense of these Judgments, and in thankfulness for the peculiar favor extended and continued to our Friends and brethren in profession, none of whom have as we have yet hear'd been slain or carried into Cap tivity, would steadily observe the injunction of our Lord and Master 'To do unto others as we would they should do unto us' which it now appears to this meeting would induce such Friends who have any Slaves to set them at liberty making a Christian provision for them according to their ages &c." 1760. "As the Growing concern which hath appeared amongst us for some years past to discourage the practice of making Slaves of our Fellow HISTORICAL PAPERS. fj 1760, Creatures, hath been Visibly blessed with success we earnestly exhort, that Friends do not abate of their diligence in this weighty matter, but continue in the love which ' bear eth long and is kind' to labor with such as having membership with us do in any manner by buying selling or keeping them countenance the trade, to inform their under standings and convince their Judgments, and some of us are firmly persuaded, that if this care is diligently and honestly pursued, the society will in time come up more universally in fulfilling the Evangelical Law of Righteous ness," Several other admonitions and advices on this sub ject have been since communicated by Friends to their members, but being nearly of the same Import are not thought worth copying, I send thee not these with the least degree of Ostentation, but wish, that if any part of our Conduct be worth immltation it may be improved on, and we shall be glad to see our deficiencies supplied and ourselves extolled in every Virtuous effort, that we may have the task of Rectitude made easier by pursuing the footsteps of better way marks, I am thy true friend, Saml. Allinson, 68 historical papers. Letter^ from Louis Pintard,^ of New York, to Elias BouDiNOT, AT Philadelphia, Which is Supposed to BE THE First Account Received at Philadelphia, New York, 24th April, 1775, Dear Elly: — We were alarmed yesterday with many melancholy accounts from Boston, of a skirmish hav ing happened between the Inhabitants and a party of Soldiers, An express^ was forwarded last evening to the Southward, and I suppose you will be all in an up roar about it this morning, I should be glad to in form you a true state of the matter, but that is Impossible, the accounts are too Various, At first the report was that 150 soldiers were killed & 50 inhabitants, then It was not so bad. And a third report was that the whole ^ Now in the collection of William F. Boogher. ' Lewis Pintard. — In 1762 he appears as the owner of the schooner Catharine of six guns. A prominent merchant in the time of the Stamp Act, he was called upon by the Sons of Liberty in reference to a bond and Mediterranean pass, which the Com mittee at Philadelphia informed the New York Committee, he had sent on stamped paper. He disavowed any intention of using the stamp. He was one of the Committee of Correspondence of Fifty-one of 1 774, and of the Committee of One Hundred of 1775. He was connected with the Commission for the relief of American prisoners in the city of New York during the war. His wife Susannah died March nth, 1772. He died March 1 6th, 1818, at the age of 86, one of the three last survivors of the Chamber of Commerce. ' On the 24th of April, 1775, the express arrived at Philadelphia, giving particulars of the battle of Concord and Lexington, and the first shedding of blood in actual conflict. Intense excitement was the result, and a meeting was called the next day at the State House, which was attended by eight thousand people. The proceedings were brief, but resolute. It was determined that an association should be at once entered into for the defense of American liberty. This was the first movement towards enlisting troops against Great Britain in Pennsylvania. Measures were so vigorously managed that two thousand men were enrolled and officered in three weeks, consist ing of three battalions under Colonels John Dickinson, Daniel Roberdeau and John Cadwalader, with an artillery company of one hundred and fifty men, having six field pieces, and a troop of light horse, which still exists under the name of "The First City Troop." These volunteers were on the 20th of June, reviewed by General Washing ton before his departure to the camp at Cambridge, that being the first military service of this distinguished patriot in his new position as commander-in-chief of the armies of the United States. HISTORICAL PAPERS. 69 detachment consisting of looo men, was cut of. A vessel arrived this day from Rhode Island, which left it Saturday & brings an account that an express Came in there with the news that 80 soldiers are killed and 40 provincials & that the remaining soldiers had retreated back to Boston. Upon the whole, every body here are of the opinion that there has been blood spilt, but were in hopes it is not so bad as these accounts make it. As soon as any certain news arrive, I will advise you. Yesterday two Sloops loaded with pro visions for the troops at Boston were unloaded, and the City Arms which were deposited in the City Hall, were secured by the Inhabitants & the whole City was in an uproar, altho' it was Sunday. It looks now as if they were coming to a crisis. My love to the family. I should have pushed on, Saturday afternoon to see you, but there was no wind and I feared a long passage & night dark. Tell Abby I rec'd her letter & will send the thing she wants for, this week I am at home. Solus all alone, having left my wife at N, Rochell with Johnny. Adieu, I am Yours Most affectionately, Lewis Pintarb. Minutes of a Letter From Convention of New York to Congress, April 2 3D, 1777, — Now in War Office. Case of Major Edmonston sent with Letter as follows: I. — He was apprehended at his Estate in western Parts of Tryon County by an order of Committee. Genl, Schuyler last winter permitted him to go to Genl, Washington on Parole, in order to negotiate an Exchange. 6 Febry 1777 he obtained a proposal tQ 70 HISTORICAL PAPERS. Josh. Loring,^ Esq., for an Exchange for Majors Williams, Brown or Wells. He went to New York where he remained till March when he set out by Land for Albany with a Letter from Genl. Howe to Genl. Schuy ler dated N. York i8 Febry 1777 agreeing to the exchange, provided Major Edmonston was allowed to go by Land to Canada. At Peekskill, he obtained a Pass from Genl. McDougal, and after 20 Days spent on his Journey he arrived at Albany. The Convention ordered him to Kingston and on Enquiry found the Excuse for the Delay was the Badness of the Roads & difficulty of procuring Carriages. ist Night he lodged at Col, Philysis. At Poughkeepsie in Dutchess County 10 Days with Toner. At Manor of Levingston some Days, Mr. Patterson is notoriously disaffected. Kinderhook the same. He informed a Gentleman of veracity of his intention of going to England while an intercepted Letter to his Patrons wherein he expects great Preferment in America & begs his interest. These Circumstances added to Genl. Howe's Ex traordinary Exception, the Major's Character, the easy Conveyance from New York, his Delays &c. &c., render him suspicious. They detained him & wrote to G. W., & at his desire they send him on to Congress. Con gress refer him to N. York Members. ^Joshua Loring, Capt. of the British Navy, b. 1731, made Capt. 1757 ; stationed on American Lakes till 1760; Commiss. of prisoners in Phila., 1777. Hopkinson alluded to his wife in his "Battle of the Kegs." d. in England, Aug. 1789. Ed. (historical papers to be continued.) OladwjKladfr. iriUiums. itaaie. mxiu. ---fc. ft f^- '-''¦'*^ COLONEL THOMAS WHITE. By Thos. H. Montgomery. OLONEL Thomas White, the father of Bishop White, was born in London, in the year 1704, the second son of Wil liam White, Junior, and his wife Elizabeth Leigh, whose portraits by Sir Godfrey Kneller, are in the possession of his descend ants in this city. His father was the great grandson of Thomas White, Esquire, of Caldicott,who died in 1661, aged 78, and who was descended from John White, Esquire, of Hulcote, County Bedford, who died about 1 501, and from whom also descended the Rev. Thomas White, D. D., Prebendary of St. Paul's and the Founder of Sion College, London. His mother was daughter of John and Susanna Leigh, the latter's brother being the Rev. Henry Downes, D. D., successively Bishop of Killala, ©f Elphin, of Meath, and finally of Derry ; Dr. Robert Downes, the latter's son, was successively Bishop of Ferns, Down and Connor, and of Raphoe. Colonel White's father died in February 1708-9, leaving his widow and six children in straitened circum- lA (71) 72 COLONEL THOMAS WHITE. stances. His mother was able to send him to a gram mar school at St, Alban's ; but at the age of sixteen, he concluded to venture his fortunes in the new world, and in 1720, sailed for the new province of Maryland, having been apprenticed to Mr. Stokes, the Clerk of Baltimore County, a member of the bar of the Province. After some years assiduous attention to his duties, he became deputy to Mr. Stokes, accumulated books, and practiced law, and with his thrifty earnings began to purchase lands. As early as 1734 he was surveying, and eventually received the appointment of Deputy Surveyor to the Lord Proprietary for Baltimore County, which at that time embraced the territory now known as Harford County, which was set off^ In 1773 ; his chief pur chases were made In this latter section, and some of the tracts he then acquired are to this day occupied by his descendants. In the year 1730, he married In Spesutise Parish, Sophia, the youngest daughter of John HaU, Esquire, of Cranbury Hall, an estate lying on Bush River. Her brother Edward was Sheriff of Baltimore County, 1719-22, 1734-36, and Presiding Justice in 1732 ; and her brother, Colonel John Hall, was Sheriff" in 1730, and one of the seven commissioners appointed on the Union of the towns of Baltimore and Jonestown in 1745. The Halls had at first settled in St. Mary's County, but Sophia's father not being a Roman Catholic, had purchased and settled in Baltimore County, where he died in 1727, leaving large possessions, one of which he bequeathed as Sophia's Dairy, to his daughter, which became her home on marriage. Mrs. White died in 1 742, leaving three daughters, the eldest, Sophia, marry ing her cousin Acquila Hall, and having a family of twelve children. COLONEL THOMAS WHITE. 'JT, Col. White's possessions of lands and goods increased rapidly. His tobacco he exported to London, and in return he received English wares, the disposal of which led him to remove, upon his wife's death, to Philadelphia; taking a house on Market Street, he there dwelt, and on the lower floor traded off his Importations and dealt in Maryland exchange. Iron of his own manufacture he here offered, for he had found iron ore on his estates, and with his accustomed force had entered into its production, and his books testify to the results of his Bush River Iron Company and Stafford Forge, the remains of which works can still be traced. He was married secondly by the Rev. Dr. Jenney, Rector of Christ Church, Philadelphia, to Esther New man, the daughter of Abraham Hewlings, of Burlington, on 7 May, 1747. Esther Hewlings' baptism at St. Mary's, Burlington, is recorded by the Rev, John Talbot, on 29 March, 1719; her father and grandfather were Wardens of St. Mary's. To them were born two children, William and Mary, at their house on Market Street, the site of which is now known as No. 425. Here William was born, 24 March, 1747 (O. S.,) and Mary, 2 April, 1749 (O. S.) The grounds of the house stretched northwards to and were bounded by the Cemetery of Christ Church, and here were first formed by the young lad those thoughts of a future life which turned his mind to serious matters and led him eventually into the ministry of the church, which genera tion after generation of his ancestors had been members of. Mary became the wife of Robert Morris the financier, on 2 March, 1769, and died 16 January, 1827, Her brother survived her nine years, dying 17 July, 1836, in the 89th year of his age. But Colonel White's Maryland estates were of too 74 COLONEL THOMAS WHITE. great value to leave entirely to his factors, and by frequent visits there he practically retained their man agement in his own hands. In the charms of his daughter's family circle, he found at the same time recreation from the exactions of city life, and his younger children, who frequently accompanied him, formed strong attachments to their sister's home and to her and her young children. Here, while on a visit with his wife and William, he died, after a brief illness, on 29 Sep tember, 1779, and was buried in the Hall Family Ground at Cranbury, whence his remains, with those of his first wife, were removed, 7 June, 1877, to the Cemetery of St. George's, Spesutise, of which parish he had been a Vestryman, as early as 1731, and being frequently elected thereto until his removal to Philadelphia. While in Philadelphia, he was not wholly engrossed with his multifarious concerns of property and business, his interest In educational matters led him to join in the efforts for an Academy, and he was among the first Trustees, in 1749, of the Public Academy, in the city of Philadelphia, which, in 1755, grew into the College, Academy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia, and he retained his Trust until his resignation in 1772, his only son having become an honored alumnus of it In 1765, and becoming himself a Trustee in 1774, an office which he retained until his death, in 1836. Col. White also was one of the Commissioners of Peace in 1752. His wife survived him eleven years, dying in Philadel phia, 31 December, 1790. He early took a warm Interest in the discussions between the Colonies and the mother country, and, not withstanding his love for his native land and his active correspondence with his sisters yet residing there, he maintained the position that the Colonies should not be COLONEL THOMAS WHITE. 75 taxed without representation, and when the final issue was met, vindicated his rights as an Englishman by upholding the Colonies in their resistance to encroach ment, though from bodily infirmity unable to take any active part in the contest. He never wavered, though there were dark seasons in the early years of the strug gle, which was still undecided at his death, when he may have refledled on the possible confiscation of all his estates in Maryland. In a letter to his agents in London, Messrs. David Barclay & Sons, 1 1 November, 1765, he writes: "Please to send me a good Pinchback Watch, with a green Shagreen case; a piece of yd. wide Irish Shirting Linen, at 3.$-. 6d.; and a piece of ditto, at j,s. pr. yd. But not if the Stamp Act be unrepealed!' Seventy-five years of a useful and honored life he had passed. A man of dignity and courage in all business relations, he possessed also true affections in a remark able degree. For fifty-five years he had been separated from his sisters, but a continuous correspondence testi fies to his Interest in them and their concerns, and only his official affairs and later a lameness, the result of a carriage accident, had prevented him visiting them. His obituary can best be read in his son's words: "My hon ored Father left the world with the reputation of unsullied integrity through life." "Among his many ^ood qualities was strict Temperance and scrupulous Integrity. Perhaps no man ever lived and died with a more unreserved Acknowledgment of these Properties of character." And "he was indulgent to his family in all their reasonable Desires, and was attentive to ye keeping of a plentiful and hospitable Table." The portrait of Col. White given in this number is reproduced from a miniature by Charles Willson Peale, now in the possession of his great-grand-daughter. Miss -Nixon. OPENING OF THE STATES GENERAL, 1789. LETTER FROM GOUVERNEUR MORRIS TO MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. Communicated by Charles Henry Hart. Paris, nth May, 1789. My Dear Madam: — This would be a very interesting letter, if I would describe to you the things which I see. And if I would describe to you the things which I feel, you would see how ardently I desire to quit this glittering scene, and how I pant for my native land and that circle of friends without which life is not worth possession. But such descriptions require more fervor of genius than I possess, so that (to borrow Shakespear's language,) my "baser stars do shut my eyes in wishes." I was yesterday at the country seat of Mr. Le Couteulx, which formerly belonged to a Princess of Conti, near the famous water-works of Marli. In the morning, before breakfast, I mounted on the aqueduct, which is as high as a steeple and placed on the brow of the highest hill in that neighborhood. From this place we behold the dis tant domes of Paris, and above an hundred villages scattered about the borders of the Seine, or perched on the declivities of steep hills encircling the valley thro* which It meanders. This valley is most highly cultivated in small plots, and without fences, so as to present an im mense carpet of variegated green. For twenty miles, at least, the Seine winds along in view, and visits in his course every grade of society, from the hovel, which shelters wretchedness, to the fastidious pomp of royal habitation. Contemplating this great expanse, worthy alike of the painters' pencil and the poet's pen — it was the coolness and fragrance of the morning, and all was (76) OPENING OF THE STATES GENERAL, lySg. J J silent, excepting only the murmur of distant bells, whose sounds were mingled from a thousand steeples — my mind insensibly fell into deep meditation and led me to an American cottage. It was built of logs, but very clean, and retired from the high road. In front a small garden ; at the foot of it a little meadow, through which runs a lively stream of water, cool and clear, and beyond that a forest of lofty trees. I thought I saw two citizens escaped from the labors and cares of the week, who were trying to decoy the shy and voracious trout. I believe you can fill up the rest of this picture, I cannot convey the reflections or sensations which arose from comparing the prospect before me, with that which presented Itself to my mind's eye. Feeling as a man for the miseries of the many, and feeling as an American for the general ease and happiness of my country, I exulted in the con sciousness that we are members of a society which Is composed neither of subjects nor of slaves, but of men; that we live in a land where no palace dare Insult, and no misery need complain. In that dear native land I have friends most dear; who fill with propriety the place a kind Providence has allotted to them ; to whom respect gives rank, and with whom virtue is nobility. May they be happy! I had the honor to be present on the fifth of this month at the opening of the States General. A spec tacle more solemn to the mind, than gaudy to the eye. And yet there was displayed everything of noble and royal In this titled country. A great number of fine women, and a very great number of fine dresses, ranged round the hall, on a kind of stage — the throne. On the left of the King and a little below him, the Queen. Re tired a little behind him to the right and on chairs, the Princes of the Blood. On the right and left at some dis tance from the throne, the various Princesses with the 78 OPENING OF THE STATES GENERAL, lySg. gentlemen and ladies of their retinue. Advanced on the the stage, to the left of the throne, the Keeper of the Seals. Several officers of the household richly capari soned, strewed about in different places. Behind the throne, a cluster of guards of the largest size, dressed in antient costume, taken from the times of chivalry. In front of the "throne, on the right, below the stage, the Ministers of State, with a large table before them. On the opposite side of the hall, some benches, on which sat the Marshalls of France and other great officers. In front of the Ministers, on benches facing the opposite side of the hall, sat the representatives of the Clergy, be ing Priests of all colors, scarlet, crimson, black, white and grey, to the number of three hundred. In front of the Marshalls of France, on benches facing the Clergy, sat an equal number of representatives of the nobility, dressed in a robe of black, waistcoats of cloth of gold, and over their shoulders (so as to hang forward to their waists,) a kind of a lappel about a quarter of a yard wide at top, and wider at bottom, made of cloth of gold. On benches which reached quite across the hall, and facing the stage, sat the representatives of the people, cloathed in black. In the square between the Clergy and Nobles, directly in front of the representatives of the people, and facing the throne, stood the Heralds at Arms, with their staves and in very rich dresses. When the King entered he was saluted with a shout of applause. Some time after he had taken his seat, he put on a round beaver ornamented with white plumes, the part in front turned up, with a large diamond button in the centre. He read his speech well, and was inter rupted at a part which affected his audience by a loud shout of Vive le Roif After this had subsided, he finished his speech, and received again an animated acclamation. He then took off his hat, and after a while OPENING OF THE STATES GENERAL, tySg. 79 put it on again, at which the nobles also put on their liats, which resembled the King's, excepting the button. The effect of this display of plumage was fine. The Keeper of the Seals then performed his genuflections to the throne, and mumbled out in a very ungraceful manner, a speech of some considerable length which nobody pretends to judge of, because nobody heard it. He was succeeded by Mr. Neckar, who soon handed his speech to his clerk, being unable to go through with it. The clerk delivered it much better than the Minister, and that Is no great praise. It was three hours long, con tained many excellent things, too much of compliment, too much of repetition and detail, too much of everything, for it was too long by two hours, and yet fell short In some capital points of great expectation. He received, how ever, very repeated plaudits from the audience, some of which were merited, but more were certainly paid to.his character than to his composition. Mr. Neckar's long speech now comes to a close and the King rises to depart. The hall resounds with a long loud Vive le Roil He passes the Queen, who rises to follow him. At this moment, some one imbued with the milk of human kindness, originates a faint Vive la Reine! She makes a humble curtesy, and presents the sinking of the high Austrian spirit. In return a livelier acclamation, and to this her lowlier bending, which is responded by the shout of loud applause. Here drops the curtain on the first great act of this great drama, in which Bourbon gives Freedom. His Courtiers seem to feel what he seems to be insensible of, the pang of greatness going off". His position, however, offers the sensation of a far greater greatness — that of the Patriot Prince, who rules in the affection of more than twenty million souls. You see that, as usual, I have no room for professions. Yours, Gouv. Morris. HISTORICAL PAPERS. (Continued from page 70.) Louis Pintard to Elias Boudinot. New York, 19th May, 1777. Dr. Sir: — I have received both your favours of 29th Ulto. & 5 th Inst, the latter enclosing a Commission appointing me deputy Commissary Genl. of Prisoners,. which Commission I return to you herewith, as I cannot hold the same, and I must inform you that I believe no person bearing the like would be permitted to remain In this City & act under it. Joshua Loring, Esq.,. Commissary of Prisoners here, to whom His Excellency the General has referred all these matters, informs me that His Excellency has no objection to my receiving provisions & any other necessary, for the prisoners & distributing the same to them In any manner that may be most Comfortable to them, which I am ready & willing to do; the first bill of exchange you have sent me David Franks on Arnold Nesbitt, Adam Drummond & Moses Franks, Esqs., of London for Six Hundred pounds Sterling is come safe to hand & shall be dis posed of & the amount Immediately applied as you direct for which purpose I shall go over to Long Island to-morrow or next day to meet the officers, but this Sum divided amongst them all is so trifling that it will do- them but little good especially as I am inform'd they owe Considerably for their Board, you'll please not forget to send the 2d & 3d bills. I sold a bill last week for 2}4 &. 6d. more than parr which brings the exchange up to 2 & 6d. & a trifle more & suppose this bill will sell for the same. Mr. Loring informs me that His Excellency the (80) HISTORICAL PAPERS. 8r General will permit you to send in not only the neces sary provisions for the Consumption of the prisoners, but also as much more to be sold as will furnish them. with every other necessary that they may require, your taking advantage of this indulgence would be a great Saving as there would be a small profit rather than a loss on the provisions you would send in unless their prices are greatly risen since I left you, & by the price Bill of exchange you have sent has cost near fifty & ^d is Sunk, but I am desired to inform you that it will now be expected that full supplys be sent in for all the Prisoners now here and for all such as may hereafter be brought In. I suppose I shall see on the Island & will endeavour to get from him his account of expenditure to forward to you as you desire^ Mr. Loring will write to you by the same oppertunlty that he forward this and I refer you to him for the return of the Prisoners that you require. When you write me again please to do it always under Cover to him,. he writes you about the Exchange of Mr. Fell & I will take care to supply him with what he wants. The Family are all well & desire to be remembered to> you and yours. I am Dr Sir Yours Sincerely Lewis Pintard. Elias Boudinot, Esq. Joseph Mersereau to Elias Boudinot, Esq. THE following is a Lists ^ of expenses which have beert paid & are yet to Pay on acct. of Continental Prisoners taken from Robt. Pierpolnt's Books, who has 'The editor of these papers finds it impossible to print them in chronological order, as many are but original drafts without date ; but all (which have any historical interest) will be published. 82 HISTORICAL PAPERS. acted as Commissary of Prisoners for the State of Massachusetts : 1777 — ^June 15th. To Cash paid Expences Bringing 17 Regulars, Prisoners taken. Coming over from England to Join General How & Carried into Dartmouth in his State, from thence brought by land to this Town, & Put on board Rising Empire Guardship, as pr. acct., which the Hon. Council .^18. lu. loa'. July 20th. To Cash Paid Sundry Charges for Hessian Prisoners, Nett, Fresh meat for 72 the first day £ \ I2s. od. Pd. Child for meat for Ditto. . 116 Greens and Turnips at Sundry times 12 Major Milvil for Guarding the Hessian officers from Boston to Cambridge Goal 12 Fresh beef 36J. Carting Provisions, 20r. . . . 26 Pd. Ferriage Prisoners & baggage over Winnisimet Ferry 18 7 16 Pd. Henry Christ'n Geyer in part of his acct. for an Interpreter & attendance on the Hessians . . 3 12 Aug. 2d. Pd. Sundry Charges for the above Prisoners when Sent from Boston to Worcester Goal, 6 in num ber, at Bakers in Brooklyn, Going 16 Supper & Lodging in all at Waltham & keeping Horses 3 18 At Baldwin's & Jones, for Breakfast & horse-keep ing At the Widow Gleasons, for Dinner & Drinks Supper & Lodging Breakfast & Sundrys, Horse-keeping at Mannes At Woodbum's on my way Home Pd. General Heath Guards Pd. George Friederik Byder, his bill for attendance Team hire, 17 Myles, Carry B^gage, @2s. 6d. Horse & Chaise hire, 17 Miles, @ ls.6d. . . Eight loads of Breecks & Sand & Clay, Carted from Roxbury 4 i6 Two m. Breecks a 50J. for Prison Ship 5 Pd. the Crew to go toward the Town to get men to go on board the Prison Ship for Guards in attend ance 5 3 18 16 6 I 14 2 9 19 6 12 : S 16 6 5 «7 6 3 10 6 33 5 HISTORICAL PAPERS. 83 1777 — Sept. 1st. Pd. Daniel Mears & Benj. James towards their wages on board Prison Ship £ o \zs. od. Joseph Powers as per Rect. for Storage Prisoners Baggage . . 6 Sept. 4th. To Cash pd. 4oIb Iron, Prison Brigt. Favorite @ 2s.(>d. ¦ • • ;^ 5 I Iron kettle @ £\ y. 72 3 12 I 10 18 I 17 6. II 4 2 ID 2 2 5 16 3 2 15 I 10 I 6 84 HISTORICAL PAPERS. 1777 — Oct. 2d. Pd. Entertaining a woman & sick child 6 days at (>s. pr. day ; this is one of the Highlanders from Covington ... ... £ \ \(>s. od. •Oct. 4th.Pd. William Prichard his bill in Part for wages .... . . i 10 Pd. Supper, Lodging & Breakfast for 6 men & paid Cyder for do. at 5j. each man, this the Guard that Brought officers taken at the Lake . i 10 Pd. Dinner & Drinks for 2 Gentlemen that brought 2 officers Prisoners firom Governor Trumbill's at Connecticut . . 6 Pd. Supper, Lodging & Breakfast for 4 officers & 4 Servts. brought from Woburn, and waited the Council's orders, which was to put them on board Prison Ship. . . . . 2 "Oct. 20th. Pd. Henry C. Geyer in part of his bill for attend, on Hessians. 18 Oct. 2 1 St. Pd. Benj. Ingersol, 4^ days work on bd. Prison Ship Kingston... 2 14 Pd. Wm. Bennet for so much he saith he paid Labourers for Sun dry Jobbs on bd. Brigt. Pennis, which had been taken up, but was discharged 9 Pd. Wm. Hardwich, the Dutch Minister, for his Service as an In terpreter for the Dutch & Hessian prisoners on board the Ships and on Shore for 3 Months & his board, as he took much pains to convert them over to our Interest. . 20 1 7 Pd. for 32H) Iron for the Cabbouses on board Prison Ships, at 2s. 6d. 4 Pd. Wheelright & Bernard for Iron bound Water Casks for do. . 2 12 Nov. 1st. Pd. Henry C. Geyer on acct. of his bill for attending the Hessians. 4 lo Pd. Moses Bliss for bringing an Indian Prisoner from Springfield to Boston & Expenses 62 Pd. Edwd. Richardson for carrying Baggage for such Prisoners from Hancock's Wharf to Hospital ... 3 Pd. for Provisions & Entertaining Prisoners 5 Nights on a Signal, the Storm being so great they could not be got on board Prison Ships . . . . I 10 Nov. 7th. Pd. Rogers his Bill for Lumber on board Prison Ships. . . . 7186 Pd. Provisions for 6 Women, 5 days in the Work House, these were Soldiers Wives from the Kingston Prison Ship. . . 3 Paid John Healy for Truckage, Sundrys on board Prison Ship Kingston. ... .... . . i i6 Nov. 15. Pd. for 2 loads Wood for Canadian Prisoners at the Work House. 4 12 3 Bushels Potatoes & Turnips for do . . .... 14 Nov. 17. To Cash pd. Paul Farmer for the use of the Work House, for the Hessian Prisoners, from 2d July to 2d August, 4^ Weeks at 8o.r per Week ig Pd. Carting 2 Loads bread & Provisions to the Work House for the Canadian Prisoners . . .... ig 9 3 I 14 i6 I i6 1 io HISTORICAL PAPERS. 85' 1777 — Nov. 17th. Pd. Thomas Brewer for Winds for Kingston Prison Ship . . . £ o 15^. od, Pd. a Load Straw for Canadian Prisoners at Work House. Pd. Andrew Townsend tow'd his bill for Work on bd. Kingston. Nov. I Sth. Pd. I pail IS. dd. pail of Soap, %s. dd. i load Wood for Canadian Prisoners at the Work House, 245 Nov. 19th. Pd. 2 Bushels Sauce for Canadian Prisoners, Work House . Sauce, Salt & Candles for Canadian Prisoners, Work House . Pd. Wm. Prichard in part for looking after Canadians . Nov. 20th. Pd. I Load Wood 30J., 2 Bushels Turnips, onions. Potatoes, Garrets, ids. . . . . . . 26 Pd. keeping Guard, 2 Suppers, breakfast & Lodgings from 20th to 2 Ist, that brought Cornet Grant back from Providence, where he made his Escape. .... . I2 Nov. 2 1 St. Pd. 2 Bushels Potatoes for Canadians . . . 16 Pd. Thomas Edes 4^ days Work on board Kingston . . . 376 Nov. 24th. Pd. Carting 2 Loads B^gage from Row's Wharf to Work House. 18 2 Bushels Sauce for Canadians, ids. 2d., 3 Bushels do. for do. 24J. 2 Nov. 27th. Pd. I Load Wood for do. 3^., 2 Bushels Sauce for do. ids. . . 2 6 Nov. 28th. Pd. 2 Bushels Potatoes for do . . . ... .... 16 Dec. 2d, Pd. Thos. Boutenau for Interpreting Letter from French into English. ... . . 6 Dec. 4th. Pd. 2 Bushels Sauce for Canadians, ids. ^d., 2 Bushels ids. for do 112 Dec. nth. Pd. 6 Bushels do. for do. for three days, at 8j . . . . . 28 Dec. ISth. Pd. Wm. Prichard for acct. of Attendance on Canadians . 312 Dec. l6th. Pd. 4 Bushels Sauce for Canadian Prisoners . . i 12 Dec. 13th. Pd. Jerem'h Parker for iiolb beef for Prisoners on bd; Kingston, atiod 313 Pd. Edwd. Gookin for 57H) do. for do . . ... i 19 4 (The above to make up what fell short by allowing i6oz to the pound.) Pd. Wm. Prichard in full to 1st Dec, attending upon Canadians, &c., from 15th November 6 8 Pd. Wm. Prichard after settlement in pt. for Attendance upon Canadians ... 22 86 HISTORICAL PAPERS. 1777 — Dec. 22. Pd. Ebenezer Prout on Acct., he being Stewd. of Prisn. Ship Kingston . £ d os. od. Pd. Roots for Canadian Prisoners, 6 days, 2 bushel pr day . . 312 1778 — Jan. 4th. To Wood for special Guard Carted to North Battery, as there was great reason to suspect ye'Prisoners would try to get away this night £ 1 5 lb. Cheese at 2s. 6 d., 2 qts Rum 2%s., Sugar 2s. . 226 Pd. Capt. Lamber with 9 Men for Guard, . 7 4 Jan. 7th. 10 6 6 Pd. carriage of 2 Sick prisoners fr. N. End to Hospl., Man, Horse and Chaise, ... ... .12 Pd. Capt. David Wyer for serv'g as Capt. on board Kingston Prison Ship, as pr his Acct. at the Council 15 'S Pd. for a Boat to Carry 30 prisoners of Burgoynes on bd. Prison Ship Rising Empire, by an order from Major Genl. Heath, . . 6 Jan. Sth. Pd. Isaac Sears for an Iron Boiler for 300 Men as pr Acct., wt. 1375 lbs. @ dd, for Prison ship Kingston, . 34 7 6 Pd. Tim. Newell for Sundrys for use of Prisoners on bd. Prison Ship, ... 17 4 Pd. Joseph Webb for sundrys for Prison ship, &c., 936 Feb. sth. Pd.Wm. Prichard on acct. of his Service with Continental Prisoners, 4 10 Pd. Thos. Hopkins his Bill for Burying a Soldier that was firoze to death in endeavoring to run away from the Kingston, and died at Charlestown, . 4 3 Pd. Portlidge Bill for Prison ship Kingston from 1st Jany. to ist Feby ' 61 The Hon'ble Board of Wars bill for Hire Brig Favorite for a Prison Ship from Augt. 26th, 1777 to Oct. 26, two months at ;^87 10s. pr month, ... 17c Isaac Harper his Bill for Water for Prisoners on bd. Brig. Favorite, 2 8 Overseers of Work House for the Town of Boston bill for Rent of Work house from Nov. isth, 1777 to Jan. isth, 1778, is 8^ Weeks for use Canadian Prisoners, at 8oj. pr Week 34 Andrew Townsend's bill for himself and others Work on board Prison Ships from 12th Sept. 1777 exclusive of what I have pd. him and others, 55 6 lo. Bryant & Dennis's Acct. for Lumber for Prison Ships, . ... 11 4 Thos. Green's acct. Truckage, bread for Prison Ship Kingston . i 4 Wm. King's bill Cording 4^ Cord Wood for do. 4 10 Isaac Freeman's ^Bill 15 days attendance on bd. Prison ship Kingston 5 Benj. Burdet's Acct. for his Trouble & attendn. with Hessians and Canadians, &c. pr. Acct., 22 4 John Brown's Acct. for Work on board Kingston, &c. . . . 35 18 6 HISTORICAL PAPERS. 87 1778— Feb. Sth. Gibbons, Sharp & Co. Bill for mending flatt-bottom boats, . . £\() i^s. M. Ebenezer Proud's bill being Stewd. of Prison Ship Kingston, 63 11 Patrick Quinn's bill for Truckage for do 26 12 Wm. Prichard for the ball, of his acct attendg. upon Prisoners, &c., from 1st Dec. to Sth Feby. . . 22 17 Eben. Purpont's acct for writing in Office from Sth Aug., 1777 to Sth Feb., 1778 is 6 mo. at ;^IS mo. . . . . go S Iron bound Water Casks at 72^., dd. at 24f. Carting, 24J. did. for Prison ships & omitted .... 26 2 Cord Wood for Brig. Favorite, om. Sept. 3d, 1777 at S+r. £& &s. 2 Cord do for do Oct. 14, 1777, . . 8 8 2 Cord do for Ship Kingston, Nov. I, 1777, . 8 8 2 Cord do for do 7, 1777, 8 8 6 feet do for prisoners at Work House ... 33 36 IS Richd. Floyd's bill for Work for Kingston, Cooperage, &c. . 11 19 Wm. Page's Bill for Water for do . . . . 10 9 John Ayers' Acct. for Water, &c. . . . 29 14 6 Richd. Floyd's Bill for Wood for Kingston . 219 James Kirkwood's bill for Candles for do . . . . 212 Wm. Stone's bill for Water for Ship Kingston . . 4 12 Timothy Newell's Bill for Measures and Weights for do . . 2 14 Samuel Barrett Bill for Baggs . . . 58 Portlidge Bill for Ship Kingston fr. Feby. 1st to 6th . . . 11 18 4 Wm. King's bill for Carting 4^ Cords Wood Jany. 27th ... 4 10 Gibbins, Sharpe & Co. Bill for a stead to Slead the Water ... i 10 Powers & Willis Advertizing for Men to serve as Guards on board Ship Kingston & Favorite, in Sept. last . 18 Joshua Davis's Acct. as Superintendent on bd. Kingston, . 10 16 John Georges's Acct. for Doctoring Prisoners 3 12 Wm. King's bills for cording 4^ Cords Wood, this day . . 4 10 Hire of Prison Ship Kingston from 27th Aug., 1777 to 27th Jan. 1778, 5 mo., at 213% Tonns . . . . . . 534 3 4 Copy. ';^i764 iSj. icd. Sir : This is a copy of Mr. Pierpolnt's acct., which have got from one of his Clarcks, after many Promises to Do all he could for me, I could not obtain it from him — I send you this for information — how it has been conducted here I shall say more at a proper season, I am. Dr. Sr., Your Hum. Servt., March 2, 1778. Jos. MeRSEREAU. Elias Boudinot, Esq., 1 The reader will observe that the amounts on each page are not added up, (as they are in the original,) but the total is given at the end. — Ed. 2A 88 historical notes. Copy of a Letter from David Franks, Esq., Commis sary FOR THE English and Other Prisoners Capti vated BY THE American Arms. To THE Hon. Board of War: Philadelphia, 6 June, 1777. Gentlemen: — Agreeable to your request, I herewith enclose you copies and extracts of letters received from the Commissary General, by order of His Excellency, General Howe, and at present provisions are issued by my directions, to the prisoners in Virginia, Maryland, and this State, which shall be continued; likewise to all who may be in the pay or service of Government, and deemed British prisoners, altho' many have been brought In, and no returns or demands made for pro visions. It will therefore be necessary that orders shou'd be given for such returns in future, to be made to me, on their arrival, or to my deputies at Reading, Lancaster, Yorktown, and Carlisle, at which places they are in this State. In Virginia, to Colonel Richard Graham, (at Dumfries,) in Maryland; to Mr. Robert Cummins, at Baltimore. There are about 1500 rations ^ day issued in this State, but do not know what is in Virginia or Maryland, &***** Extract of Letters From Daniel Chamiers, Esq., His Britanic Majesty's Commissary General of Stores & Provisions. To D. Franks, Com. of Prisoners: Boston, 8 Feb., 1776. * * * "I have it in command from His Excellency, "the Honorable William Howe, Esq., Commander-in- HISTORICAL NOTES. 89 "Chief of His Majesty's forces; that you continue to "victual his Majesty's 7th & 26th Regiments, the Royal " Artillery, Scotch Emigrants, and other of his Majesty's " troops who may be prisoners within the limits of "your contract, at the usual allowances. You are to " victual them, at half a ration each for the former, and " a quarter ration to the latter." New York, 25 February, 1777. * * * "It is the General's wish that you continue " to victual such of His Majesty's troops as are prisoners "with you, either In your province, the Jersles, or Mary- " land, if possible, also the Canadians, wheresoever they " may be confined, as he considers them in the very light "they consider themselves as in His Majesty's service. "With respect to the back rations these gentlemen " claim, I cannot see the propriety of paying them for "them, if they have been victual' d by the Americans, "It will be charged to Government, as we bring a charge " against the Americans for victualling their prisoners." James Mease^ to Elias Boudinot. Dear Sir: Your favor of the 9th Inst, from Middle Brooke duely received & should have sent you the articles therein required sooner but for the hurry & confusion occasioned by the enemys late movements. Inclosed you will ^ James Mease, M. D. — an eminent physician of Philadelphia, author of " Geological Account of United States ; " " Picture of Philadelphia, 1 8 1 1 ; " On William Penn's Treaty with the Indians," 8vo., 1836; "Utility of Public Loan Offices," &c., Svo., 1836; " Descriptions of some of the Medals struck in North America," 8vo., Philadelphia, 1821 ; "Letter on the raising of Silk-worms," 8vo., 1828; "Observations on the Bite of a Mad Dog, 1792," — died in Philadelphia, May ISth, 1846, aged seventy-five. 90 HISTORICAL NOTES. receive invoice of sundry clothing forwarded to your care for the use of the four prisoners wh. I wish safe to your hands. As I expect Mr. Young will supply you with the shirts, & they being scare with me just now, have not sent any. Everything else agreeable to your desire is I believe In the four packages, agreeable to the invoice. I had not ready hats enough to send them all of a kind, but I do not think that of any great consequence, a round one being in my opinion full as useful as a cocked one. I am with great respect & esteem. Sir, your most obdt. Hble. Svt. James Mease. Philada., June i8, 1777. Elias Boudinot, Esq. Extract of a Letter from the Col. of Prince Wil liam County in Virginia. Pray what does the Congress propose to do with the Hessian prisoners at Dumfries ? I think it a very im proper place, provisions are dear & scarce, & if a ship of war was to come up Potomac, it would be impossible to prevent their escape. Some inland town would be safer & more convenient, I would recommend Winchester. The inhabitants are dissatisfied at their remaining in the neighborhood & the Comtee of this County have applied to the Govr, & Council for their removal, besides the Comtee were not a proper body to have care of them, being dispersed thro' the County, and the spirit of Comtees in this State being patted, that Institution being about at an end, this being the only Comtee in Virginia, & will not be re-elected. The Govr. has put the four field officers under the Guard of the County Lieutenant. historical notes. 9 1 Joshua Mersereau to Elias Boudinot. Harford, July 25th, 1777. Dear Sir: — I herewith send you the return of prisnors in this State. The accts. Commissary Williams says will be ready when I return from Boston; I set out to-day. I wated on Govr. Trumbull, & he knows nothing of the barracks; I can't learn anything is done. His Excel'y. desir'd me to wate at Lebanon & take under my charge the Hon'l. Gen'l. Dreshot, which I did with ^reat pleasure, and conducted him safe, with his aid, D. Cong, servant, and dog, (to East Winsor, at Capt. Grant's,) and left them under a guard of 9 men and a Leut. Expect 1 2 to-night. Leut. Barrington, his aid D. Cong, is desirous of being on parole, as it was his desire to be with the Genl.; I confin'd him in like man ner, till I hear further from you or his Excellency, Genl. Washenton, respecting their particular bounds, limits, and manner of confinement; the Genl. desires to be indulg'd, to walk out a few rods in the day, with the officer of the guard; also to have leave for some wine and other necessaries, to be fetch' d from Shrewport, in case he should not be exchang'd soon. The Genl. speaks well of Col. Barton, both as to behaviour and treatment; says had the guard-boats done tlieir duty, 10,000 men could not have taken him. Its a grand enterprise ; could wish we had reason to think as favour able of our Northern army. Pray, give me a scetch of the news, as nothing can be depended on here. Mr. Deen has letters from his brother by a packet from France; says a large fleet is ready; everything bares a good aspect, that he commits no polleticks to paper. As the express is gone on, I expect you have the particu lars at camp. By a gentleman from N. York, says Genl. 92 HISTORICAL NOTES. Howe was at York, 1 5 Jany., and say it was expected they were going up the N. river, the ship that was cut down, and some gundolows were sent round, up the N. river, during the night; says our prisoners live poor, durty, and lowsy. The sailers enter In the trans port service, rather than be so confined ; they take many of our vessels, 200 are there now. Mr. Bell and taken by Miggs, were forage masters, and says they have orders to be exchang'd for any two under the degree of a Capt. ; I propos'd Mr. Bell. There is great neglect respecting the prisnors here; they are shifted from place to place, without giving notice to the officers, by which means they escape. Herring, from N. York,, says. If he is permitted to go to York, on parole, he will send Mr. Bell In exchange. Inclos'd you have Mr. Deen's letter, and sample of sugar; you'l see he has reserv'd one hog'd. which is exceeding good. I think you had best propose to let him have two averlge hog'ds, or one-sixth of the whole, and be at equal proportion of expense, as you can fix that matter with him, I shall wate your answer. There are 14 hog'ds; they ask ^10 for the same quality In other places ; rum is 30.y. lawfull. There is a prize-ship to the eastward with sugar, if it's sold soon, I will in deavour to buy some. Direct to Col. Broom, respecting the sugar, &c., where I shall get it In my return. If any thing particular Is to be done in Massachusetts, order It to be sent on, I shall acquaint Col. Broom which road I , shall return. I am. Dear Sir, Your Hum. Servt., Joshua Mersereau. P. S. My arm Is better. If you send teams for sugar. let them fetch flower. CoL. Boudinot, Esq. (historical paters to be CONTINUV.r.) .JiUm'n jyZoU'^/t'Co •^J/^y'^^^riey REMINISCENCES OF JOHN HOWARD^PAYNE. By Francis Harold Duffee. RECOLLECTIONS of John Howard Payne, the Actor, Dramatist, Poet, and Author of one of the most touching and heart-stirring Lyrics In the En glish language, that of "Home, Sweet Home" presents themselves forcibly to the writer, who "knew him well," and was the last person to bid him farewell, as he de parted from this city for New York, on his return mission to Tunls,^ as United States Consul. Now, that a philanthropic gentleman, in the person of W. W. Corcoran,^ Esq., of Washington City, D. C, ^A correspondent says: "Near Tunis, in a lonely spot, rarely visited, sleeps a wandering minstrel of our own times, whose one immortal song has been heard every where the English language is spoken. Like the roving singers of lovely Provence, many times he had nothing but his harp. John Howard Payne was a gay Bohemian, extravagant in his taste, lavish in expenditure; living much, too much, "raid pleasures and palaces,' yet with a vein of sadness down deep in his heart. He died while holding the office of Consul, and a plain marble slab, sent out by the Gov ernment of the United States, marks the grave of the homeless man, sixty years a wanderer on this earth, the author of ' Home, Sweet Home.' " One winter he was without money or credit, and in London had not where to lay his head. He tried to quiet the pain of hunger and homelessness by looking in at windows, and from the areas scenting good cheer. It was Christmas Eve, the snow fell fast, the wind was sharp and keen. At one luxurious house ihe hungry man stopped and watched the lighting of the Christmas tree. Its candles streamed brightly on the pavement, and among the evergreens he could see the red berries of holly, the toys and garlands and the pretty heads of children. They danced and clapped their hands while the presents were distributed, and the air rang with shouts, laughter and screams of delight. When the merriment had spent itself a little, one young girl went to the piano and struck up ' Sweet Home,' while the family joined in a rousing chorus. Was ever contrast so bitter? I have this from Mrs. Consul- General Heap. Payne told it to her long after those evil days were passed." ' Mr. W. W. Corcoran's generous enterprise of bringing home to an American grave the exiled dust of John Howard Payne, recalls the aged philanthropist's remi niscences of the poet. He saw him first in 1S09, when Payne, called " The American Roscius," was playing in a Washington theatre. Mr. Corcoran, who was then a mere boy, says : " Whenever I could get twenty-five cents to pay for a seat, I went to see and hear the tragedian;" and his memory of his appearance and action is now fresh and (93) 94 REMINISCENCES OF JOHN HOWARD PAYNE. eminent deservedly for his wealth, intelligence, and patronage of the fine arts, has most nobly and disinter estedly offered and succeeded in bringing the remains of "the poor Wanderer" to his "Home" in America, it is a pleasant task and "labor of love," to offer a few, short reminiscences in relation to this truly distinguished gentleman, during our last brief Interview, whilst he was sojourning In this city. Our first introduction to John Howard Payne, was through the kindness of a life-long, true, and faithful friend, and valued literary companion, Mr. James Rees, well-known to the public as a distinguished dramatic critic, (under the nom de plume of Colley Cibber,) and author of the Life of Edwin Forest, the tragedian, which unquestionably is the best written and the most interesting biography of that gentleman yet produced. Mr. Rees was an intimate friend of John Howard Payne, and had been the successful competitor for the Prize Address,.^ spoken at the "Payne Festival," in New Orleans, some years since, which admirable production, led to a close intimacy and warm friendship between Mr. Rees and the honored recipient of this truly deserved and memorable testimonial tendered to him by his sincere, warm-hearted friends and admirers of that city. clear, after a lapse of seventy-three years. Two years later he saw him again, when Payne fled to Georgetown from Baltimore, where he had been trying to defend a printing office from a mob. In the year 1840 the personal acquaintance of the two began, and continued on very intimate terms until Payne went as United States Consul to Tunis and died there. Mr. Corcoran has selected the spot where the poet's remains are to rest. It is a triangular plot, near the eastern entrance of Oak Hill Cemetery, on the crest of a hill, overlooking the valley of Rock Creek. The place is marked by a solitary magnificent beech tree. The remains will be interred next spring with appropriate ceremonies, and a plain, massive monument erected above them, bearing only the inscription : John Howard Payne, Author of " Home, Sweet Home," Bom June 9, 1792 ; Died April lo, 1852. REMINISCENCES OF JOHN HOWARD PAYNE. 95 Mr. Payne's reputation, as an actor and author, was well-known all over the United States, and stood de servedly high among literary men. He was always a great favorite in the city of New Orleans, and on the occasion of a visit there, was (as previously referred to) the recipient of one of the most elegant complimentary benefits ever tendered to any individual in the theatri cal line. We merely refer to It as an evidence of the high ap preciation of his talents, and enthusiastic admiration of the individual himself, who had contributed so much to the entertainment of the public by his superb dramatic genius in his well-known histrionic efforts as the youthful "American Roscius." He fairly startled the dramatic world by his transcendent talents as a juvenile actor, filling the role of Romeo, Hamlet, and other Shakesperian characters in the most efficient manner, and crowding the theatres with thronged and admiring audiences, composed of the elite of our various cities, who all with one accord, vied in paying him the deserved homage due to precocious and brilliant genius, such as had not dawned upon them for a lengthy period. He was, in fact, the Idolized pet of all our fashionable and literary circles, who rivalled each other In paying him marked attention. His presence was esteemed an especial favor, being "the observed of all observers," and his deportment on these occasions, we learn, was quiet, dignified, and highly entertaining, owing to his conversational talent, the delight of everyone whom he interviewed, leaving a delightful impression on all who made his acquaintance. What we now desire to refer to, more particularly after the preceding remarks, is the reminiscence of our last interview in this city. 9 6 REMINISCENCES OF JOHN HOWARD PAYNE. Mr. James Rees and myself called one afternoon upon Mr. Payne, at the American Hotel, kept at that period by Mr. Joseph M. Sanderson, at the corner of Hudson Alley and Chestnut Street, (being now replaced by the First National Bank.) We found him in his room, engaged In looking over some letters, and with numerous MSS. strewn on the table, presenting quite a literary appear ance. He arose quietly and received us In a very pleasant mood; particularly did he greet Mr. Rees, in the most kindly manner, as his old friend, whose acquaint ance and friendship he appeared to value most highly. It was an agreeable meeting, and after the usual courtesies, we severally entered into a social conversation, which lasted until evening, when Mr. Rees took his departure. Mr. Payne requested me to remain, and in the evening, at my instance, we paid a visit to the Walnut Street Theatre, then under the management of Mr. E. A. Marshall. Mr. Payne and myself seated ourselves quietly in one of the back seats, as the theatre was fairly crowded, to witness the performance of our "Eminent Tragedian." In fact Mr. Payne did not recognize for the moment the tragedy that was then being performed, with Mr. Edwin Forest, as the hero, it proving to be his own thrilling play of "Brutus, or the Fall of Tarquin," the information being obtained by the loan of the play-bill, announcing it as the production of John Howard Payne, which reve lation caused him to smile at his own seeming forget fulness. Mr. Marshall, the manager of the theatre, learning that Mr. Payne was among the audience, (by my giving his name to the door-keeper upon our entrance,) sought out our box and requested me to see him in the lobby, in order to be introduced to the distinguished visitor. REMINISCENCES OF JOHN HOWARD PAYNE. 97 I left my seat and Mr. Payne, for a few moments, to see Mr. Marshall, who earnestly solicited an Intro duction. It was only to oblige me personally that Mr. Payne would grant the favor, as he was exceedingly averse to publicity. Upon being introduced to Mr. Marshall, the manager. In the kindest manner, tendered Mr. Payne and myself the Procenium-box, but Mr. P. declined, however, all the courteous attention of Mr. Marshall, being anxious to avoid all public demonstra tion on the part of the audience, who would doubtless have given him an enthusiastic reception and welcome. Mr. Payne was remarkable for his amiable and modest deportment toward those who enjoyed his familiar acquaintance, but to strangers he was shy and difficult of access. Upon declining the invitation, we shortly after left the theatre, (not returning even to our seats,) and proceeded at once to the hotel, where the residue of the evening^ was most delightfully spent In social conversation. On our way from the theatre, I casually mentioned to him the world-wide renown of his immortal ballad of ¦'Home, Sweet Home," and what a truly enviable reputa tion it had created for him as Its author, remarking at the same time, that it was said of the Hon. Daniel Webster, that he would rather have been the author of " Gray's Elegy in a Country Church Yard" than his renown as a statesman and great orator. His reply to my complimentary remark, was In tones both pathetic, and in a measure, despondent: "My dear sir, that is all true, so far as fame is con- " cerned, but as for me, I have never known the " comforts of a home, having been all my life a wanderer- "over the face of the earth; in fact an exile, as I have "said in my little ballad, both feelingly and truthfully.'" 98 REMINISCENCES OF JOHN HOWARD PAYNE. The origin of " Home, Sweet Home," as I had it from his own lips, was occasioned by strolling out one pleasant afternoon, while in Italy, and listening by the wayside to an Italian flower girl, singing the melody which pleased his ear, and after dotting down the notes In his memorandum book, he returned to his hotel, and in the course of the evening wrote the heart-appealing words of " Home, Sweet Home," adapting It to the air that he had just heard. Such was the true origin of this sweet ballad. Sir Henry Bishop, of London, subse quently revised it, and gave It an unsurpassable "charm from the skies," as one of the most beautiful and thrill ing melodies in the English lanuguage. The Opera of "Clarl, or the Maid of Milan," (the Maid from whom the song was derived,) first introduced " Home, Sweet Home " to the public, and the ballad since then has become world-renowned, while the fame and memory of John Howard Payne have also been im mortalized as one of America's most gifted sons in the lyric and histrionic line. All praise and honor be to W. W. Corcoran, Esq., for his truly commendable liberality and patriotic feelings in bringing home the remains of the "poor wanderer," for sepulture in his native soll.^ lA correspondent of the Tribune, writing from Tunis, says : To-day the remains of the author of " Home, Sweet Home," left the shores of Tunis on board a French steamer, to be carried to Marseilles, whence they are to be forwarded to America. Yesterday, at ten o'clock A. M., I went to the not unattractive and decidedly neat Protestant Cemetery of St. George, situated on high, wall-surrounded ground within the city. I was agreeably disappointed in the appearance of this God's Acre, as I had read in American newspapers that Payne's grave was a neglected one in a neg lected burial-ground. On the contrary, the grounds were planted with flourishing and fragrant rose bushes, splendid clumps of heliotropes and hedges of brilliant car nation pinks and geraniums, while the walks were clean and smooth, and the stones and monuments snowy-white in the morning sun. I should think the enclosure con tained about an acre, and almost in the centre of it was the grave of Payne. At the head of the grave was standing a large and beautiful pepper tree, branches of which REMINISCENCES OF JOHN HOWARD PAYNE. 99 bent tenderly and droopingly over the tomb. This, the finest and noblest tree in the place, was planted by one of Payne's truest and best friends in Tunis — M. Chappellie — who was present at the death and interment of the poet. From M. Chappellie and also Mr. Reade, the British Consul, under whose directions the disinterment took place, I leamed much of Payne's last days and sickness. The narrative of them is a painful one. Let it suffice if I write what I heard touchingly and heartily said by the two or three gentlemen present at the exhumation who had familiarly known Payne, that his character through disappointments, fancied loneliness and long brooding had become of a sad, soft, delicate melancholy that was, while gentle and pitiful, at the same time most winning and beautiful. His illness was a long and painful one, but he had most faithful and loving friends in M. Chappellie, M. Pisani, Mr. Reade, Mme. Chappellie (an American-bom lady with an American heart) and a certain — now old — Arab dragoman, whose attachment to the poet was deep and sincere. I saw this honest man at the exhumation, wearing his Arab costume, believing in the Mahometan religion, but full of Christ-like humanity. The Europeans present at the grave on this sunny Friday morning were about a dozen in number, several Arab gentlemen being also on the ground in their rich and picturesque dress and turbans. The coffin was reached by the workmen at about 12 o'clock, and was carefully lifted and placed on the broad marble slab which for thirty years had covered it, and which bears the following inscription : "E PLURIBUS UNUM. (Shield and eagle.) " In memory of Colonel John Howard Payne, twice Consul of the United States of America for the city and kingdom of Tunis, this stone is here placed by a grateful country. He died at the American Consulate in this city after a tedious illness, April 1st, l8S2. He was bora at the city of Boston, State of Massachusetts, June Sth, 1792, His fame as a poet and dramatist is well-known wherever the English language is spoken through his celebrated ballad of ' Home, Sweet Home,' and his popular tragedy of Brutus, and other similar productions." On the four edges of this slab is also carved : " Sure, when thy gentle spirit fled To realms beyond the azure dome, With arms outstretched, God's angel said, ' Welcome to Heaven's Home, Sweet Home.' " The coffin was badly rotted in spite of the care taken by United States Consul Fish, who several months ago incased it in cement for its better preservation. A little thread-like root of the pepper-tree had made its way into the grave and coffin, and was about to cross the forehead. Some of our mother earth had got in the coffin and mingled with the bones. The whole skeleton was obtained and laid reverently in a new coffin, which was covered with lead, soldered and sealed. This was then placed in a neat, native hard-wood coffin, which was secured by locks and keys, all then being put in a strong, iron-bound, outside box which bore the address : " To U. S. Consul Taylor, Marseilles, France." At three o'clock in the aftemoon the body was taken to the small and simple Protestant church and placed near the pretty little chancel window, on which are inscribed these words : " To the Memory of John Howard Payne, Author of ' Home, Sweet Home.' " IGO REMINISCENCES OF JOHN HOWARD PAYNE. This window was made in England and placed here by a few English-speaking residents of Tunis, whose admiration and respect for Payne were decided and sincere. Indeed, I found among the poet's friends an affectionate regard that was akin to enthu- .^iasm. They grieved to lose the sacred bones that had lain here for thirty long years — the object of their love and ceaseless care. When the body was carried into the church, an English gentleman, at the little American-made organ, played the air, and a sweet- voiced American lady sang the immortal song of the dead poet, and as the tender words tremulously floated through and filled the holy place, hearts swelled, eyes were suffiised, and "A charm from the skies seemed to hallow us there." Tongue cannot tell nor pen describe the effect of that song sung under the circum stances I have stated. The gloaming of the coming evening had crept into the chapel and the " dim religious light " that Payne's poetic temperament could have understood and absorbed bathed all, both living and dead, in its mellow radiance. The twilight came on apace, and we left the poor remains lay there until the morrow, guarded by the faithful dragomen who in life, as in death, was staunch and faithful to the last. To-day the body was taken to the Marina and put aboard a boat and rowed down the bay and out into the open, where it was received by the French steamer, which soon after was on her way to Marseilles. Thus John Howard Payne left Tunis to be reburied in the land he loved, to sleep henceforth under the flag he served so well, not again, it is to be hoped, to be disturbed, but to lie dreamless and tranquil in the soil of his " home, sweet home." Visiting the cemetery to-day I found the marble slab replaced over the now empty tomb, the debris removed and all about the grave looking as neat as possible. Mr. Reade — whose admirable management of the exhumation and compliance with every wish and instruction of the United States Government in the matter cannot be too highly commended — ^said to me : " We shall put back the slab with its inscription, adding thereto the fact and date of the removal of the body to the United States, and shall then religiously preserve and keep pure and clear the marble that we marked his grave with more than a quarter of a century ago ; but deeper, clearer than carved epitaph, we shall cherish the memory of poor Payne in our heart of hearts. The following Is a literal transcript from a copy of "Home, Sweet, Home!" in the author's own manuscript in possession of the editor — it differs somewhat from the T/^ersIon generally printed: 'Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam, Be it ever so humble, there's no place like Home ! A charm from the sky seems to hallow us there. Which, seek through the world, it ne'er met with elsewhere! Home, Home ! sweet, sweet Home ! There's no place like Home ! There's no place like Home 1 An exile from Home, splendor dazzles in vain ! — - O, give me my lowly thatched cottage again ! — The birds singing gayly that came to my call — Give me them — and the peace of mind dearer than all ! Home, Home ! sweet sweet Home ! There's no place like Home! There's no place like Home I COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. Communicated by Walter Livingston Cochrane Biddle, with Notes by M. C. Springer. IN 1730, John Biddle, whose father was the second William of Mount Hope, left the family seat in New Jersey and came to Philadelphia. On the third of March, 1736, at Quaker Meeting, he married Sarah, the eldest daughter of Owen Owen, a wealthy farmer of Montgomery County, of the house of Owen, of Dol-y- serre, one of the most ancient of Wales. John Biddle, and Sarah his wife, had two sons and three daughters, namely: Owen,^ Clement, Ann, Sarah, and Lydia. Clement Biddle was born at his father's house, on the south side of Market Street, between Second and Third, May loth, 1740, N. S. His mlHtary life began when he joined a Quaker company, organized to protect the Conestoga Indians from the "Paxton Boys." This was in the winter of 1763-4. On the sixth of the follow ing June, at the Arch Street Meeting, he received the hand of Mary Richardson, daughter of Francis Richard son, of Chester, Pennsylvania. Their child, Francis, 1 Owen Biddle died March loth, 1799, aged sixty-one years. He was born in Philadelphia, and engaged in commercial business, in partnership with his brother, Clement Biddle. He signed the non-importation resolutions of October 2Sth, 176s. He was a member of the Committee of the City, Northern Liberties, and Southwark, in 1774, and of the Committee of Safety in 177S, the Council of Safety of 1776, and of the Constitutional Convention of 1776. During the Revolution he was one of the eighty Philadelphia merchants who became bound for certain provisions of the army, amounting to more than two hundred and sixty pounds sterling. He was an active member and officer of the American Philosophical Society and one of the members of the committee of that society which observed the transit of Venus, in connection with the Rev. Provost Smith, and David Rittenhouse, June 3d, 1769. Mr. Biddle's station, at the time, was at Cape Henlopen. He was a member of the Board of War in 1777. (10.) I02 COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. died in infancy, and in 1773, Mr, Biddle became a widower. Clement Biddle and his brother Owen, were signers of the "Non Importation Agreement," of November, 1765 and the name of the former, as a partner with his father,, appears in "The Pennsylvania Gazette," among the com mercial advertisements In the year 1 7 — . On the I Sth of August, 1774, Clement Biddle took for his second wife, Rebekah, only daughter and child of the Honorable Gideon Cornell, of Rhode Island, who, at the time of his death In 1765, held the important posts of Lieutenant-Governor and Chief Justice of the Colony. After the Revolutionary War broke out, Mr. Biddle became an officer in a volunteer company of light in fantry, known as the Quaker Blues; no discipline re straining the more ardent young Friends from taking part In the contest. But he speedily abandoned this homely mode of warfare, and his name appears in the Journals of Congress, of the 8th of July, 1776, as being elected Deputy Quartermaster-General for the "Flying Camp," and for the militia of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, with the rank of Colonel. On the 1 5th of the following October, General Greene, then at Amboy, appointed Colonel Biddle, a volunteer aid-de-camp. Through the latter part of that month, and during November, he was stationed with Greene at Camp Fort Lee, on the Hudson, and there began an in timacy with the great general, which ripened into close friendship. At Trenton, Colonel Biddle was deputed by Washington to receive the swords surrendered by the Hessian officers. He and Mrs. Biddle were together in the camp of Valley Forge,^ and history relates his pres ence the following winter, at Morristown. ^ At which time they were quaitered at " Moore Hall," the mansion of William Moore, Esq., near to the camp. COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. 103 In politics, Clement Biddle was an ardent constitution alist, or supporter of the first Constitution of Pennsyl vania, framed by the convention of 1776, to which his brother, Owen Biddle, had been a delegate. His senti ments were so Republican, that he declined to become a member of the Society of the Cincinnati, although many of his acquaintance and family saw no good reason for abstaining. President Washington conferred the ap pointment of Marshal of the Court of Admiralty of the State of Pennsylvania upon him, on November 10, 1 780. He had, by the same authority prior to that, held the office of notary public, then an important one, and had in that capacity secured the confidence and respect of the commercial community, by his skill in the adjust ments of marine losses, and the settlement of general averages. In the autumn of 1781, the Supreme Execu tive Council of the State, appointed him Quartermaster- General of Pennsylvania Militia, with the rank of Colonel, as such he served in the campaign against the Whisky Insurrectionists In the western part of the State. His commission as one of the Justices of the Court of Com mon Pleas, for the County of Philadelphia, bearing date September 23, 1788, is still in the possession of his family. Colonel Biddle died July 14th, 181 4, 1. Clement Biddle m. First Mary, daughter of Francis (Richardson, (and had by her Francis R., who died November 3d, 1765, aged three weeks). Second, Rebekah Cornell, sole heiress of the Honorable Gideon Cornell, of Rhode Island, August i8th, 1774, she d. Nov, 1 8th, 1831, and had issue: I. Francis, b. May 20th, 1775; d, June i6th, 1775. (2.) 2. Thomas, b. June 4th, 1776; d. June 3d, 1857. 3. George Washington, b. Feb. 21st, 1779, d. at Macao, Aug. i6th, 181 2. 3A I04 COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. <3.) 4. Mary, b. Jan. 12th, 1781; d. March 13th, 1850. (4.) 5. Rebekah Cornell, b. Nov, 7th, 1782; d, Sept. 2d, 1870. (6.) 6. Clement Cornell, b. Octo. 24th, 1784; d. Aug. 2ist, 1855. 7. Anne, b. Dec. 24th, 1785; d. July 21st, 1786. 8. Lydia H., b. May 12th, 1787, d. March, 5th, 1826. 9. Sarah T., b. Oct, 21st, 1789, d, Aug, nth, 1805. (6.) 10, Anne Wilkinson, b. June 12th, 1791 ; d. 1878. (7.) II. John Gideon, b. June loth, 1793; d. Aug. 30th, 1826. (8.) 12. James Cornell, b. Dec, 29th, 1795, d. Aug. 30th, 1838. 1 3. Edward Robert, b. February 7th, 1 798 ; d. . 2. Thomas Biddle (2.) m, Christine, dau, of Gen. Jonathan Williams^ February 12th, 1806. Their children were: '¦ 14. Clement, b. Sept. 14th, 1810; d. 1879. (9.) 15. Thomas Alexander, b. Aug. 22d, 1814. (10.) 16. Henry Jonathan, b. May i6th, 181 7, d. July 30th, 1862, (11.) 17, Alexander, b. April 29th, 18 19. ^ General Jonathan Williams was a son of Jonathan, a Revolutionary patriot, and was bom at Boston, Massachusetts, 1752, After receiving a good education, he was placed in a counting-house, and made several commercial voyages to the West Indies and to Europe. In 1770 and 1773, he visited England and was intrusted with important political letters and communications, by his grand-uncle. Dr. Franklin, by whom he was very kindly received. In 1777 he was appointed United States commercial agent, and visited France, where he remained until 17SS, when he returned with Dr. Franklin to the United States. He was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, in Philadelphia, for several years. February i6th, 1801, he was appointed Major of Artillery; December 4th, 1801, was inspector of fortifications, and Superin tendent of West Point Academy; July Sth, 1802, Lieutenant Colonel of Engineers; Colonel, 23d of February, 1808; on the 31st July, 1812, was made General of New York Militia; in 1S14, was elected to Congress from Philadelphia; was Vice-President of the American Philosophical Society; author of "A Memoir on the use of the Thermometer in Navigation, in 1799;" "Elements of Fortification, (translated,) 1801;" and "Kosciusko's Movements for Horse Artillery, 1S08." COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. 105 •"(12.) 18. Jonathan Williams, b. Aug. 12th, 1821; d. April 2 1st, 1856. 3. Mary Biddle (4.) m. GeneraL Thomas Cadwal= iUder, June- 25th, 1804. Their children were : -(13.) 19. John, b. April ist, 1805, d. Jan. 26th, 1879. {14.) 20. George, b. May i6th, 1806, d. Feb. 30th, 1879. 21, Thomas, b. Aug. 27th, 1808, d. Jan. 19th, 1844. 22. Henry, b. Jan. 21st, 1817, d. July 2d, 1844. 23. William, b. Oct. 2d, 1820, d. Oct. 15th, 1875. General Thomas Cadwalader was the eldest son of 'General John Cadwalader and Williamlna Bond, b. Oct. .29th, 1779, d. Oct. 31st, 1841. 4. Rebecca Cornell Biddle (5.) m. (Professor J^a= thaniel Chapman^ M. D., Sept. ist, 1808, and had issue: (15.) 24. Emily, b. Aug. 25th, 1810, d. July 20th, 1852. (16.) 25. John Biddle, b. June 3d, 18 11; d. . (17.) 26. George William, b. Dec. loth, 181 6, d. 27. Marie, b. , d. . 28. Rebecca, b. , d. . 5. Clement Cornell Biddle (6.) m. Mary Searle, dau. of the Honorable John (Barclay and Mary Searle, his second wife. Their issue : (18.) 29. John Barclay, b. Jan. 3d, 18 15, d. Jan. 19th, 1879. I Nathaniel Chapman, M. D., was bom on the 28th of May, 17S0, near Alexandria, Va., and died in Philadelphia, on the ist day of July, 18S3. (His patemal ancestor came to Virginia with the first colonists, he was a Captain in the army and a relative of Sir Walter Raleigh.) He finished his studies at London and Edinburgh where he took his degree, and began practice in Philadelphia in 1804. He was Professor of Materia Medica in 1813-16, and of practice, institutes, and Clinical Med. — in the University of Pennsylvania, fi-om 1816 to iSso. In 1817, he founded the Medical Institute, in which for 25 years he lectured during the summer months. The City Hospital was under his charge during the epidemic of 1820, and was many years Clinical lecturer in the hospital of the City Almshouse. He was the author of " Lec tures of the Theory and Practice of Medicine; " " Eraptive Fevers; " " Elements of Therapeutics and Materia Medica." In 1S17, "Select Speeches with Critical and Illustrative Remarks." He was a contributor under the name of "Falkland," to the Portfolio, and was editor of the Philadelphia Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences. I06 COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. (19.) 30. George Washington, b. Jan. nth, 18 18. (20.) 31. Chapman, b. Jan. 2 2d, 1822, d. Dec. 9th, 1880,. Col. Clement Cornell Biddle was the organizer and first Captain of the State Fenclbles, and commanded the First Regiment of Volunteer Light Infantry In the war of 181 2. He was the principal founder, and for many years President of the Philadelphia Saving Fund Society; also. Director and President of the Franklin Fire Insur ance Company. The Hon, John Barclay was Mayor of Phila. In 1791.. He came from Ballyshannon, in Ireland, in 1767, and died In Phila., Aug. 8, 1816. 6. Ann Wilkinson Biddle (10.) m. Thomas (Dun- lap, June 2d, 1822. Their children were: 32. Sally Biddle, b. Mar. 19th, 1823, d. Feb. nth, 1883. 33. Juliana, b. Oct. 19th, 1824. 34. Lydia Biddle, b. Sept. ist, 1826, d. May 8, 1828,- 35. Mary, b. Dec. ist, 1827, d. Nov. 9, 1846, 36. Rebecca Biddle, b. Mar. loth, 1829. I']. Nannie, b. Nov. 21st, 1830, m. George Mecum Conarroe, Esq., Feb. 4th, 1868. (21.) 38. Thomas, b. Aug. 23d, 1832. 7. John Gideon Biddle (11.) m. Mary, eldest dau, of the Hon. Charles (Biddle, Vice-President of the Su-^ preme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, Aug. 2 2d,, 1820, and had Issue : 39. Ann Eliza, b. 1822. 8. James Cornell Biddle (12.) m. Sarah Caldwell, second dau. of the Honorable Michael Keppele, Mar. 9tli,. 1825. Their children were : (22.) 40. Thomas, b, Jan. 2d, 1827, d. at Guayaquil,. May 7th, 1875. COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. lOj «(23.) 41. Caldwell Keppele, b. Jan. 22d, 1829, d. Feb. 25th, 1862. 42. Catharine Keppele, b. Feb. ist, 1831, m. Wil liam P. Tatham, of Phila., June 20th, 1867. 43. Rebecca, b. May 22d, 1833, d. Mar. ist, 1859. «(24.) 44. James Cornell, b. Oct, 3d, 1835, 45. Cadwalader, b. Oct. 28th, 1837. 9. Thomas Alexander Biddle (15.) m.. Julia, dau. oi John Cox, Esq., July ist, 1845. Their children were: 46. John Cox, b. April 21st, 1846, d. Jan. 19th, 1865. <25.) 47. Henry Williams, b. Apr. 7th, 1848. 48. Anna Sitgreaves, b. Jan. 31st, 1850, m. Andrew Alexander Blair, of New York, 1872. 49. Alfred, b. Dec. 15th, 1852. 50. William Lyman, b. Oct. 8th, 1854. 51. Francis, b. Oct. 31st, 1856. <26.) 52. Julia, b. May i6th, 1858. 53. Frances, b. Mar. — , 1862, d. Mar., 1862. 10. Henry Jonathan Biddle (16.) m. Mary (De borah, dau. of Samuel (Baird, June ist, 1854, and had issue : 54. Jonathan Williams, b. Aug. ist, 1855, d. Sept. 30th, 1877. 55. Lydia McFunn, b. Apr. 9th, 1857, m. Moncure Robinson, Jun., of Phila., Apr. 22d, 1880. 56. Spencer Fullerton Baird, b. Jan. 12th, 1859. 57. Christine Williams, b. Aug. 28th, i860. 58. Henry Jonathan, b. May 14th, 1862. Col. Henry Jonathan Biddle, Adjutant-General of the Penn. Reserve, was wounded at the battle of New Market Cross Roads, June 30th, 1862, and died in con sequence thereof, July 30th, 1862. I08 COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. 11. Alexander Biddle (17.) m. Julia Williams,,, dau, of Dr. Samuel (Rush, Oct. nth, 1855, Children: (27.) 59. Alexander Williams, b. July 4th, 1856. 60, Henry Rush, b. March 15th, 1858, d. Jan. 2d,, 1877. 61. Julia Rush, b. July 25th, 1859. 62. James Wilmer, b. Nov. 2 2d, i86l 63, Louis Alexander, b. March 12th, 1863. 64. Mariamne, b. Nov. 8th, 1856. 65. Lynford, b. Aug. 26th, 1871. 12. Jonathan Williams Biddle (18) m. Emily, dau. of COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. 109 13. John Cadwalader (19.) m. for his second wife, Mrs. Henrietta Maria Mcllvaine, dau. of Chas. JV. (Bancker, Esq., 1833, and had issue: 74. Sarah Bancker, b. , 1834. 75. Frances, b. , 1835. 76. Thomas, b. , 1837, ^- Aug. 1841. ']']. Charles E., b. Nov. 5th, 1839. (30.) 78. Anne, b. , 1841. (31.) 79. John, b. June 27th, 1843. 80. George, b. , 1845. 14. George Cadwalader* (20.) m. Frances, dau. of 'Dr. James Mease,^ of Philadelphia, and had issue: 81. Frances, b. . the Department of Arts. He entered the office of Horace Binney, Esq., and was ad mitted to the Philadelphia bar September 30th, 1825. In iSss he was elected a member of Congress, where he served one term. Upon the death of the Hon. John K. Kane, Mr. Cadwalader was appointed to fill the vacancy in the United States District Court, and held the office until his death, January 26th, 1879. ' Horace Binney, L.L.D., was bom Jan. 4th, 1780. (His father was Dr. Barna bas Binney, a Surgeon in the Revolutionary Army.) He attained high distinction as a lawyer in Philadelphia, having been admitted to the bar in 1800. In 1S06-7, he was a Member of the Pennsylvania Legislature ; was an opponent of the adminis tration of President Andrew Jackson. He was an early and active Anti-Slavery man, and in 1833-5, ^ leading Member of Congress. He was a director in the U. S. Bank for many years, and one of the Trustees in winding up its affairs. He defended the City of Philadelphia against the heirs of Stephen Girard. Compiler of " Reports of Sup. Ct. of Pa., 1799-1814," 6 Vols., 1S09-IS; " Eulogiums on Chief Justices Tilghman and Marshall, 1827 and 1836." He died in Philadelphia on the 12th day of Aug., 187s, at the age of ninety-five. * George Cadwalader, Major General of Volunteers, studied and practiced law in Philadelphia, and, on the breaking-out of the Mexican War, was appointed Brigadier- General, March 3d, 1847. He distinguished himself at EI Molino, and was breveted Major-General for gallant services at Chapultepec. On the breaking out of the Rebel lion in 1861, he was appointed by the Governor of Pennsylvania, Major-General of State Volunteers; was second in command in the force which moved on Winchester, under General Patterson, in June. He was appointed Major-General of Volunteers, April 2Sth, 1862; was one of the commission to revise the military laws and regu lations. His "Services in the Mexican Campaign of 1847," was published in Phila delphia, 1848. ' See note, page 89. 1 1 o COL ONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. 15. Emily Chapman (24.) m. John Montgomery Gordon, of Virginia, Esq., Nov. 21st, 1833. Their children were: 82. Chapman, b. Aug. 2d, 1834, d. May 19th, 1846. 83. John Montgomery, b. Aug. loth, 1836, d. Aug. nth, 1836. 84. Susan FItzhugh, b. Jan. 17th, 1838, d. July 28th, 1858. 85. Emily Chapman, b. Apr. 20th, 1840, d. Oct. 19th, 1844. (32.) 86. Rebecca Chapman, b. Sept. 3d, 1842. 16. John Biddle Chapman (25.) m. Mary, dau. of (Randolph, of Va. Their children were : (33.) 87. Gabriella, b. . 88. Emily, b. , m. Prince Joseph Pignatelli d'Aragon. 17. George William Chapman (26.) m. Emily, dau. of John Markoe, of Philadelphia, June 6th, 1838. Their children : (34.) 89. Mary Randolph, b. May 2 2d, 1839. (35.) 90, Elizabeth Camac, b. April 19th, 1842. 91. Henry Cadwalader, b. Aug. 17th, 1845, "^' Han nah Megargee, of Philadelphia, Dec. 3d, 1876. (36.) 92. Rebecca, b. Dec. 20th, 1848. 93. George, b. July 5th, 1852. 18. John Barclay Biddle (29.) m. Caroline, dau. of William (Bhillips, of Philadelphia, Nov, 7th, 1850. Their children : 94. Anna Clifford, b. Sept. 17th, 1851; m. Clement Stocker Phillips, of Phila., Nov. 15th, 1881. (37.) 95. Harriet, b. Aug. 8th, 1852. COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. 1 I I 96. William Phillips, b. Dec. 17th, 1853. 97. Clement, b. Dec. nth, 1854. <38.) 98. Elizabeth Rebecca, b. Dec. 9th, 1856. 99. Caroline, b. Mar. i6th, i860. Dr. John Barclay Biddle was Dean of the Faculty, and Professor of Materia Medica of Jefferson College; he was visiting physician to the Girard College, and one of the inspectors, and the Visiting Physician of the Philadel phia County Prison and the Deaf and Dumb Asylum. 19. George Washington Biddle (30.) m. Maria, dau. of William McMurtrie, of Burlington, N. J. Their children : (39.) 100. George, b. Aug. 21st, 1843. (40.) loi. Algernon Sydney, b. Oct. nth, 1847. 102. Arthur, b. Sept. 23d, 1852, m. Julia (Biddle, (52). (See Family No. 26.) 20. Chapman Biddle (31.) m. Mary Livingston, ¦dau. of Capt. Walter Livingston Cochran}- of New York, Aug. 14th, 1849. Their children : 103. Mary Cochrane, b. June i6th, 1850. 104. Clement Cornell, b. Sept. 5th, 185 1, d. April, 1873- 1 Walter Livingston Cochran, the youngest son of Dr. John Cochran, of Cochran- ville, Chester County, Penna., Surgeon-General of the Revolutionary Army, ahd Gertrude Schuyler, widow of Peter Schuyler, and sister to Maj.-Gen. Philip Schuyler, was bom April 27th, 1771. He took his degree of B. A. at Columbia College, New York City, and was a class-mate of John Randolph, of Roanoke. His elder brother, the Hon. James Cochran, afterwards a representative from New York in the Sixth Congress, was also educated at the same time at Columbia College. In 1793, the yellow fever year, Walter L. Cochran commanded at Fort Mifflin, at that time holding a commission as Captain in the United States Army. He married in 1812, Cornelia Wyntje Smith, eldest daughter of Judge Peter Smith, of Peter- boro', Smithfield, Madison County, N. Y., and sister to the Hon. Peter Sken Smith, and the Hon. Gerrit Smith, of Peterboro'. Captain Cochran died in New York City, August 12th, i8S7, leaving to survive him his children, the Hon. John Cochrane, James W. Cochrane, Mrs. Ellen Walter, Mrs. Mary L. C. Biddle, Mrs. Comelia 'Smith Barclay, and Mrs. Katharine Schuyler Kemeys. 112 COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE, 105. Walter Livingston Cochrane, b. Aug. 21st, 1853, m. Pauline Davis, dau. of Robert Car ter, of Va., late Surgeon in U. S. N., June ist, i88i._ Col. Chapman (Biddle raised the 121st regiment Pa. Vols., and in command of the Brigade of which it formed part, served during a portion of the War of the Rebel lion. His regiment and brigade were cut to pieces at the battle of Gettysburg and their commander wounded. Col. Biddle held a high position at the Philadelphia Bar as a lawyer. He was General Counsel of the Penn. R. R. Co. 21. Thomas Dunlap^ (38.) m. Margaret A. Levis, of New Haven, Conn., July loth, 1856. Children : Nannie Biddle, b. June 19th, 1862, d. May 4th, 1873- 22. Thomas Biddle (40.) m. Sarah Fredrica, dau. of William White, Esq., of Philadelphia, Nov. 7th, 1861. Their children were : 107. Caldwell Keppele, b. at Rio Janeiro, Jan. 3d, 1863. 108. Harrison White, b. at Washington, D. C, May 1 6th, 1864. 1 Thomas Dunlap was bom in Philadelphia, August loth, 1793. He passed through his collegiate course at Yale College, New Haven, returning to study law in his native city, where he was admitted to the bar, and practiced for many years, giving his attention chiefly to some of the practical departments of Commercial Law, for which his thorough familiarity with the French and Spanish languages eminently fitted him. For the same reason (his knowledge of the Spanish laiiguage) he was re peatedly called to fill the position of " Acting Spanish Consul," during the absence of the Consul, or vacancy of the Consulate. He took a lively and active interest in Public- Education, devoting many years of laborious service to the cause. He was for seven teen years. President of the "Board of Controllers of Public Schools," and on retiring, received valuable testimony to the importance of his exertions on their behalf; he was- also President of the St. Andrew's Society. In the year of 1837, he was elected Cashier of the Bank of the United States, Nicholas Biddle being President at the- time. At Mr. Biddle's resignation, Mr. Dunlap was elected I'resident, which office he held for several years, when he resigned, returned to the bar, and resumed his. practice until his death, July nth, 1864. COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. IIJ 109. Sarah White, b, at Germantown, Pa., Jan. 9th, 1867, no. James Cornell, b. at Germantown, Pa., July 3d,. 1868. in. Elizabeth Caldwell, b. at St. Augustine, Jan. 28th, 1870. The Hon. Thomas (Biddle devoted himself principally to the Diplomatic and Consular service of the United States, He was at one time Minister to Ecuador. 23. Caldwell Keppele Biddle (41.) m. Elizabeth (Ricketts, widow of (Robert Meade April 28th, 1857, and had issue : 112, Maria Palmer,b. Mar. 26th, 1 858, d, Feb. 5th, 1859. 24. James Cornell Biddle (44.) m. Gertrude Gouv erneur, dau, of the Hon. William Morris Meredith, Dec, 27th, 1862. Their children : 113. Catherine Meredith, b. Oct, i6th, 1865, 114. Sarah Caldwell, b. Nov, 20th, 1866. 25. Henry Williams Biddle (47.) m. Jessie (Duncan, dau. of Rear Admiral Thomas Turner} U. S. N., Feb. 25 th, 1873. Their children : 115. Mildred Lee, b, Jan. 8th, 1874. 116, Juliette, b, Jan. 9th, 1876, 26. Julia Biddle (52.) m. Arthur (Biddle, Esq., (see consecutive No. 102,) son of the Hon. George Washington (Biddle, Nov. i8th 1880. Their children: 117, Edith Francis, b. Oct. 8th, 1881, 118, Julia Cox, b. Dec. i6th, 1882, d, same day, 27. Alexander Williams Biddle (59.) m. Anne dau. of the Hon, William McKennan, Judge U. S. C. C, June 19th, 1879. Children: 119. PauHne, b. Aug. 7th, 1880. 114 COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. 1 20. Christine, b. Oct. 20th, 1882. 28. Christine Biddle (66.) m. (Richard McCall Cad= walader, Esq., Nov. 26th, 1873. Children : 121. Thomas, b. Dec. 21st, 1874. 122. Williams Biddle, b. July 9th, 1876. 123. Richard McCall, b. Nov. 7th, 1877. 124. Gouverneur, b. Feb. 3d, 1880. 125. Lambert, b. Oct. nth, 1882. 29. Mary Binney Cadwalader (72.) m. William Henry (Rawle, Esq., Sept. 13th, 1849. Children: (41) 126. Mary Cadwalader, b. Dec. 12th, 1850. 127. William, b. Sept. 3d, 1855, d. Apr. 25th, i860. 128. Edith, b. Apr. 29th, 1861. Mary (Binney (Rawle d. May 26th, 1861, 30. Anne Cadwalader (78.) m. (Rev. Henry J. (Row land. Children : 129, John Cadwalader, b. Feb. loth, 1879. 31. John Cadwalader (79.) m. Mary Helen, third dau. and child of Joshua Francis Fisher, Esq., April 17th, 1866. Their children : 130. Sophia, b. Feb. 6th, 1867. 131. Mary Helen, b. Mar. 19th, 1871. 132. John, b. Feb. 24th, 1874. Mrs. Mary Helen Fisher Cadwalader was b. July ist, 1844. 'Rear-Admiral Thomas Turner, U. S. N., born in Virginia, April 2lst, iSoS; Midshipman in 1825; Lieutenant, 1835 ; Commander, iSsS; Captain, 1862; Commodore, 1863; Rear-Admiral, 1S68; retired, 1870; was actively engaged in the Mexican War, and was present at Tuspau, April 7th, 1 847 ; commanded the Sloop-of War "Saratoga," and captured two Spanish steamers in the harbor of Auton Leyardo, Mexico, March 6th, 1S60; commanded the Frigate "New Ironsides," in the attack on the forts in Charleston Harbor, April 7th, 1863, handling his ship with judgment and ability; commanded South Pacific Squadron, 1869-70. ' COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. 115 32. Rebecca Chapman Gordon (86.) m. Eugene (Blackford, of Lynchburg, Va., June 2 7th, 1867. Children : 133. Emily Chapman, b. Sept, 12th, 1868. 134. Eugene, b. Sept. 17th, 1871. 135. William Gordon, b. July 28th, 1874. 33. Gabriella Chapman (87.) m. Luis de (Botesdad, Marquis de Potesdad Fornarl, Nov. — , 1853. Children : 136. Luis Emillo, b. . 137. Emily Mildred, b. . 138. Emanuel Henry, b. 139. John Henry, b. 140: Robert Lee, b. 141. Maria Gabriella, b. 143. Julie Francolse Eugenie, b. . Luis de (Potesdad first Marquis de Potesdad Fornarl, was the son of Luis de (Potesdad and Mildred Lee, dau. of (Bernard Moore Carter, of Virginia. 34. Mary Randolph Chapman (89.) m. John (Bor land Thayer, of Philadelphia, Esq., Oct. 13th, 1859. Children : 143. George Chapman, b. Sept. 2 2d, i860. 144. John Borland, b April 21st, 1862. 145. Mary Borland, b. July Sth, 1864. 146. Sydney, b. July 7th, 1867. 147. Henry Chapman, b. Dec. 31st, 1872. 148, Walter, b. April 27th, 1874. 35. Elizabeth Camac Chapman (90.) m. William (Davis Winsor, of Boston, Mass., June loth, 1862. Children : 149. Emily Chapman, b. Apr. 4th, 1863. 150. Louise Brooks, b. Aug. 12th, 1868. Il6 COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE. 36. Rebecca Chapman (92.) m. James (Davis Win sor, of Boston, Mass., May 30th, 1872, Children: 151, Mary, b. Mar. 28th, 1873. 152. Henry, b. Mar, 29th, 1875. 153. James Davis, b. Sept. 6th, 1876. 154. Rebecca, b. June 12th, 1879. 155, Ellen, b. Nov. 30, 1882. 37. Harriet Biddle (95.) m. de Grasse Fox, of Phila delphia, Oct. nth, 1876, and had issue: 156. Sylvia de Grasse, b. Sept. 29th, 1879. 38. Elizabeth Rebecca Biddle (98.) m. Samuel M. Miller, M. D., Dec. 9th, 1877. Children: 157. Charlotte Barclay, b. Sept. Sth, 1878. 158. Marion Spencer, b. Sept. 9th, 1880; d. Feb. 28th, 1881. 159. John Biddle, b. Feb. — , 1S82, d. April 3d, 1882. 39. George Biddle (100.) m. Mary Hosack, dau. of (Dr. J. Kearny (Rodgers, of New York. Children: 1 60. Dorothea Pendleton, b. , d. . 161. Eleanor Kearney, b. May 2d, 1879. 162. Constance Elizabeth, b. Sept. 4th, 1882. 40. Algernon Sydney Biddle (loi .) m. Frances, dau. oi Moncure (Robinson, of Philadelphia, June 28th, 1879. 163. Child, male, b. 27th October, 1882. 41. Mary Cadwalader Rawle (126.) m. Frederic (Rhinelander Jones, of New York, Mar. 2 2d, 1870, and had issue: 164. Beatrice Cadwalader, b. . WILLIAM STRAHAN TO DAVID HALL. With Introduction and Notes by Charles Henry Hart. THE following extremely Interesting letter, covering six closely-written quarto pages, forms one of the treasures of the remarkable and valuable collection of manuscripts and autographs, belonging to Mr. Ferdinand J. Dreer, of Philadelphia, through whose courtesy it is now printed for the first time. The portrait which illustrates the letter, is from a very rare print by Leney, after a painting by Chamberlain, also in the possession of Mr. Dreer. William Strahan, the writer of the letter, was an emi nent printer ; eminent indeed in every public and private station where he was placed. Born in Scotland, In April, 1 71 5, he received the education which every lad of decent rank then received In a country where the avenues to learning were easy and open to men of moderate circum stances. His father had a small appointment in the customs and wisely brought his son up to the composing- stick, rather than the uncertainties due to patronage. He served his apprenticeship in Edinburgh, and then went to London, where his capacity, diligence and probity, raised him to prominence. In 1770, he purchased of Mr. Eyre, a share of the patent for King's printer. Besides the profits arising from this appointment, as well as from a very extensive private business, he engaged largely in the purchase of copyrights from some of the most noted authors of his day. He was long the intimate and familiar friend of Doctor Johnson, and acted for years as his private banker. Johnson, who was well-known for his parsimony, would constantly get Strahan to frank his letters, saying, "When I write to Scotland, I employ ("7) I I 8 WILLIAM STRAHAN TO DA VID HALL. Strahan to frank my letters, that he may have the conse quences of appearing a parliament man among his countrymen." And when Johnson was ambitious for a seat in the Commons, it was his printer friend who most strenously supported him and urged his fitness. Mr. Strahan was elected a Member of Parliament, In 1775, as the colleague of Charles James Fox, for the borough of Malmsbury, in Wiltshire, and he was re turned to the succeeding parliament for Wotton Basset, In the same county. He was a steady supporter of that party who were turned out of administration in the spring of 1784, and lost his seat in the House of Com mons, by the dissolution of parliament with which that change was followed. Letter-writing was one of his favorite occupations, and among his friends and corre spondents were men of much consideration. One of these, as is familiar to most readers, was Dr. Franklin, with whom a correspondence began as early as 1744. When Franklin was In London twelve years later, the correspondents met at the house of their common friend, Peter Colllnson, and the epistolary acquaintance soon ripened Into a firm friendship, which they each continued to enjoy through life, notwithstanding the difference of their sentiments In political matters. Strahan importuned Franklin to settle in London, and sought the hand of Franklin's only daughter for his eldest son. Sparks prints a long letter from Strahan to Deborah Franklin upon this subject. In 1 769, he propounded certain queries to Frank lin, respecting the discontents of the Americans. These queries were published In the London Chronicle, of July 28, 1778, and may be found, together with Franklin's reply. In the fourth volume of The Works of Franklin, edited by Sparks. It was to Strahan that Franklin wrote the famous letter of "July 5, 1775:" "You are a member of Parliament, WILLIAM STRAHAN TO DA VID HALL. 119 and one of the Majority which has doomed my Country to Destruction. You have begun to burn our Towns and Murder our People, Look upon your Hands ! They are stained with the Blood of your Relations ! You and I were long Friends, You are now my Enemy and I am yours B, Franklin," This letter has generally been regarded as a serious matter, which meant just what it said and separated the two friends. But it seems to have been nothing more than a "ghastly joke," as Is shown by the subsequent relations of the two men and the friendly correspondence which continued until Strahan's death. As late as February, 1784, Strahan wrote to Franklin, urging him to revisit England, William Strahan died July 9th, 1785, in his seventy- first year. In 1774, he had been master of the Stationer's Company, and by his will he bequeathed to it ;^iooo, the Interest to be divided in annuities among infirm old printers. His wife, who was a daughter of the Rev. William Elphinston, of Edinburgh, and sister of the James Elphinston, who for many years was head of a celebrated school at Kensington, near London, survived her husband not quite a month. She died August 7th, 1785, They had five children; two daughters, the wives respectively of Mr, John Spottswoode and Mr. Andrew Johnston, and three sons ; William Strahan, Jr., the suitor for Miss Franklin, who died, April, 17S1, in his father's lifetime; Rev. Dr. George Strahan, of University College, Oxford, Prebendary of Rochester, Rector of Cranham, in Essex, and Vicar of St. Mary's Islington, and Andrew Strahan, M, P, for Newport, Isle of Wight, who succeeded his father as one of the joint Patentees as Printer to his Majesty. David Hall, to whom the letter printed Is addressed, was a journeyman with Mr. Strahan, who sent him over to Franklin, In the ship Mercury, Capt. Hargrave, in the 4A I 20 WILLIAM STRAHAN TO DA VID HALL. spring of 1744. When Franklin was journeyman at Watts' printing house, near Lincoln's Inn Fields, after he left Palmer's, his first place on his arrival in England, David Hall was a fellow-workman. This was almost a score of years before his arrival in Philadelphia. In the fall of 1748, Franklin being desirous of devoting more of his time to scientific pursuits, and less to the printing office, entered Into a partnership with Hall, to continue eighteen years, during which time Hall had entire charge of the business, paying Franklin ^1000 a year for the eighteen years, at the expiration of which period he was to become sole owner. Hall conducted the Pennsylvania Gazette, which had been virtually started by Franklin, with prudence and ability, and in 1766, when his con nexion with Franklin was dissolved, entered Into partner ship with William Sellers, a young bookseller from London, and the firm continued Hall and Sellers, until the death of the senior partner, December 17th, 1772, aged fifty-eight. Mr. Hall was a native of Edinburgh, and was married after coming to this country, at Christ Church, January 7th, 1748, to Mary Lacock. She died June 7th, 1 78 1, In her sixty-first year. Mr. Hall was suc ceeded In his business by his sons, William (b. Jan'y 20th, 1752, d. Dec. loth, 1834,) and David (b. November 4th, 1755, d. May 27th, 1821.) David Hall was a member of the American Philosophical Society by election March Sth, 1768. It is understood that the Pennsylvania His torical Society possesses a number of letters from Strahan to Hall, which it proposes to publish in the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. London, April 7th, 1770. Dear Davie: — My last to you was dated Mar 19th, by Capt. Sparks by whom I sent to the amount of >^433> Jf8, II, which I hope will reach you safe. Besides WILLIAM STRAHAN TO DA VID HALL. 1 2 I several Articles out of print or reprinting, and the slates, which the Captain would not take on board, and which were not charged, there were omitted some of the Prayer books which were charged, and which shall be forwarded with the next order. I am since favoured with yours of the 6th and 20th of February by the Packett, inclosing a bill on Mr. Minoch for ;^25i 8, I, which he refuses acceptance of, (as he says) for want of advice. So I have noted it, and shall keep it till it becomes due, and if not then paid, as I sup pose It will not, (for he gave no hopes of his then paying It,) I shall protest, and return It to you. I hope you have altered your Book to mine, and settled the Balance, as I did, on the 5th of July, which was ^962 4, 5. All mis takes up to that date being rectified In my letter of that day. When the above mentioned bill Is either paid, or returned, I shall send you a farther state of our account -current, to prevent confusion. I believe I did not before Tnentlon that the bill of ;^240 on Messrs. Caldwell and Co. was duly paid. What you say in regard to the sale of bibles and prayer books, with you, and the low prices of those which have any considerable vent in America, I suspected to be the case. However, when I have got anything ready for the markett that I Imagine may suit you, I will send you a few (and, as you desire, only a few,) for a trial. The -truth Is, as the two Universities here have the privilege of printing bibles, &c., as well as the King's Printer, and as they now, more than ever avail themselves of that privilege, I have little dependence upon that branch of the patent The Acts of Parliament, speeches, addresses, and other public papers, which nobody else can meddle ¦with, are what I chiefly rely on, and are profitable articles, being punctually paid for by the government. .And yet I shall certainly attempt several schemes in the 122 WILLIAM STRAHAN TO DAVID HALL. bible way, as I have as good a chance for a sale here as- the Universities; but still three shops. Instead of one, make a vast difference In a species of business, where the prices are so low, and the profits depends solely upon the large consumption. I shall probably write you again In a few days by Mr. Curtis Brett, who worked with me for some months before you left me. I know not if I ever before mentioned him to you, but he tells me he wrote to you himself some years ago from Jamaica, where he went to settle, about the year 1750. He hath since, by trade in that place, cleared about ;^i 0,000, with which he came home last year, intending to settle In England. He has a wife and one child, and Is not likely to have more; and nothing^ very tempting offering to him here, he hath taken the resolution to settle for the rest of his life in your neighbourhood, thinking, perhaps very justly, that with such a capital he is more likely to procure an eligible and permanent settlement for his child, than Is now to- be had in Britain, where land sells at an enormous price, and where the expense of living Is greatly enhanced. If you can do him any service, by your advise or otherwise, you will greatly oblige me; for he is an honest and worthy man, whom, upon farther acquaintance, you must greatly esteem and value. It will be particularly in your power to prevent him from making bad connections, with you, a matter of no little Importance to a well meaning and inoffensive character, such as he is. For farther particulars regarding his views and intentions, I refer you to himself I most heartily recommend him to your acquaintance, and doubt not you will be fast friends as long as you live, Mr. Coombe,^ whom you recommended so warmly to> 1 Thomas Coombe, son of Thomas and Sarah [Rutter] Coombe, was born in Philadelphia, on the I2th of October, 1747, o. s., and baptized in Christ Church on the 5th of November following. He was graduated at the College and Academy of WILLIAM STRAHAN TO DAVID HALL. 123 me some time ago, more than answers the good character you gave him. I see him often, and he Is much esteemed here; — so much, that I have little doubt of his soon acquiring such a settlement as may prevent his return to America. Indeed, that he should have an eye to settling here, was my opinion at his first coming over ; and I am pleased to find that by his general good behaviour, as well •as by his superior merit as a preacher, he is daily acquir ing so many friends, as to render my early advice to him very salutary. What you order in your last letter shall be forwarded as soon as possible, together with the articles of the last order, which could not then be had, and are now reprinted. As for politicks, I have not much to add since my last You see what has been done by the Parliament, respecting the Remonstrance of the Livery of London, which turned out just as I expected. The singularity of the case -called for a much severer censure. However, the matter has had this very good effect, that It has discovered the secret designs of the turbulent party, and opened the •eyes of the country gentlemen in the House of Com- Philadelphia, in 1766 ; " and having decided to enter the ministry, after some prepara tory study under Provost William Smith, went to England in the, spring of 1768, for romise (so he called it) made them last year, by Lord Hillsborough, the other duties would not have been repealed. The truth is, whatever appearance things have with you the exports from this country to America in general are not at all, or but very little diminished; at least, not so far as to be any where, or among any species of manufacturers, sensibly felt Had that been the case, in this petitioning and remonstrating age, we should have had shoals of com plaints to Parliament from all quarters. Instead of that, you see, want of trade Is never once mentioned among the lists of our grievances and apprehensions in those indecent applications to the King.* It seems, and indeed the thing speaks for itself, that tho' the exports to Boston, New York, and Philadelphia have been consider ably diminished during this contest, those to Rhode Island, Quebec, and other places, have proportionally in creased, and that the goods there imported find their way to the other provinces by the back settlements, or by some means or other. Of the truth and practicability of this, you are a better judge than I can be. But to me, I must own, the silence of all our manufacturers, is demon stration itself, that my fears expressed In my letter of * You see plainly by this (though it is a circumstance not fit to be put into your newspaper), that you are more obliged to my letter of last April, which occasioned that promise, than to all other applications on your behalf put together. I wish it had had the full effect I intended it should, and then this matter had not now been the subject of litigation between us, as it is now likely to be for some time longer. The more the pity. 126 WILLIAM STRAHAN TO DAVID HALL. last year above mentioned, were by no means so well founded as I then thought they were. It Is not easy, I well know, for people to reason cooly, when matters of great moment, in which they are deeply Interested, are agitated. But for my own part, I think I have all along considered the affair with the utmost Impartiality; and I am still of the same mind I was in, when I told you, in a former letter, that I thought neither party should stand out upon trifles and punctilids. Whatever, there fore, your other friends and correspondents may advise, I am strongly of opinion, that as the affair is now circum stanced, the best way for you to act. Is to acquiesce in this same tea duty, which, laying aside the principle of the tax, is not worth mentioning, and to trust, with some degree of confidence, in the justice and wisdom of the Par liament for future relief from that, and other more con siderable obstructions, under which several branches of your trade now labours. It cannot be, I must insist upon it, it cannot be but that they will, In due time, grant you every indulgence that Is proper, or that you could wish for. It Is their interest, it Is their duty so to do; tho' a variety of accidents and circumstances may now prevent them from fully entering Into and discussing your par ticular concerns. Look round, I pray you, upon your various wants which cannot be supplied from own inter nal resources, and consider If you can really subsist and thrive without the protection and manufactures of Great Britain. For my part, I would always have America considered, both by themselves and by us, as a part, or as so many different counties of England — at least, as far as It Is practicable so to consider It. Nor do I see anything in the principle of this tax, (so much dreaded and detested in your side of the water,) repugnant to this Idea. I am sensible that what I have just now advanced, differs widely from the opinion of our worthy friend. Dr. WILLIAM STRAHAN TO DAVID HALL. 127 Franklin. As I most highly esteem him, I am sorry for it. And the disparity of our judgements and means of information Is sufficiently obvious. But may I not be al lowed to suppose that his warm and strenuous attach ment to his native country, and to his friends there, hath in some degree, byassed his sound and perfect and manly understanding, upon which, on other occasions, I could securely depend. Nay, I will venture to tell you (for I always speak my mind to you, as I have done In political matters to some of the greatest names here,) that I really think him rather too partial to you, and per haps too much hurt (tho' not altogether without cause,) with the behaviour of the Mother Country to her children. Having said this much, I will now leave It to time to de termine which of us Is In the right. It will be no wonder, and I shall myself be heartily glad. If I am found to have been mistaken. I must now conclude. If anything new occurs before Mr. Brett sails, who goes by New York next week, I shall write it by him. Alderman Treco thick ^ intends mak ing a motion in the House next Monday for the repeal 1 Barlow Trecothick, Esquire, Alderman of the City of London, was, on May I3> 1763, appointed joint attorney with Dr. William Smith, to receive and pay over the funds contributed throughout the United Kingdom, for the benefit of the College Academy and Charitable School of Philadelphia, and the College of New York, now respectively the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia College. In 1766, he was unanimously chosen Sheriff of London. In June, 1 770, he was elected Lord Mayor, for the remainder of the year, in the place of the Rt. Hon. William Beckford, deceased. He was president of the Committee of Merchants, appointed to manage the American affairs, a member of Parliament, and until his death a friend of the colonies. He died, after two years lingering illness, at his seat, Addington, near Croyden, in Surrey, according to one account May 28th, and another June 2d, 1775. He married, for his first wife, an American lady, Grizell, sister of the Rev. East Apthorp and daughter of Charles Apthorp, a prominent merchant of Boston. She died July 31st, 1769, and he married, secondly, June 9th, 1770, a daughter of Sir William Meredith, who sur vived him and subsequently became the wife of Ashton Curzen, M. P. There is in the church at Addington, an inscribed tablet to the memory of Alderman Trecothick and a monument to his first wife. His seat, in Surrey, was bought for an Archepis- copal residence by the Primate of all England in July, 1808, from his nephew, James Trecothick, Esq., to whom it had descended. 128 WILLIAM STRAHAN TO DAVID HALL. of the tea duty ; but I believe by their rules It cannot be again resumed this session. I am very sorry your honestwoman still continues poorly. My wife and family are all pretty well just now, and join me In kind remembrance of you and yours. I see Mr. Wharton^ and Major Trent ^ frequently, who are both sensible good sort of men. Dr. Fr.^ is pure well, as I suppose he writes his friends by this packett. I am, with wonted esteem and regard. Dear Davie, Your affectionate friend and sevt. Will: Strahan. 1 Samuel Wharton, second son of Joseph and Hannah [Carpenter] Wharton, was- bom in Philadelphia, May 3d, 1732. He married Sarah, daughter of Stephen and Rebecca [Husseyj Lewis. He was one of the signers of the famous Non-importa tion Resolutions of 1765, a member of the Committee of Safety, of the City Councils of Philadelphia, and of the Colonial and State Legislatures. He was a partner in the house of Baynton, Wharton & Morgan, and lost by Indian depredations at one time upwards of ;^40,ooo. As compensation for this loss the Indians conveyed to the firm all the lands at present comprised within the State of Indiana. To obtain a confirmation of this grant he visited England, being interested also in the Ohio com pany, projected by Sir William Johnson, Governor William Franklin, and others, and arrived there late in 1767. Here he remained many years in the interest of these two projects, only returning to this country in 1780, when forced to flee from England ort account of the discovery of some of his letters to Franklin, furthering the revolution. He took the oath of allegiance to Pennsylvania, February fth, 17S1, and was a member of the Continental Congress during the years 17S2 and 1783. He died early in the year 1800, his will being admitted to probate March 26th of that year. * William Trent was a native of Lancaster County, Pa., where he was bom about the year 1715. His father was a prominent man in early colonial days and was the founder of Trenton, in New Jersey. In 1746, Governor Thomas appointed Trent- captain of a company raised for an intended expedition against Canada. In 1749, he was appointed by Governor Hamilton, a justice of the Court of Common Pleas for Cumberland County, Pa. In 1750, he formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, George Croghan, to engage in the Indian trade. In 1755, Robert Hunter Morris, Governor of Pennsylvania, appointed him a member of the Proprietary and Governor's counsel. In 1759 he entered the service of Sir William Johnson, the King's Indian Agent, in America. Like Mr. Wharton he lost largely by the Indian depredations; his trading house, near Fort Pitt, having been plundered and destroyed. Through the influence of Sir William Johnson, the Indians, in 1768, were induced to make a deed of land to Trent m payment of his claim, and for the purpose of having this grant con firmed he went to England. After this all trace of him is lost, except that he was at the treaty at Fort Pitt, July 6, 1776. A joumal, kept by him in 1732, was published in Cincinnati, in 1871. ' Doctor Franklin. MATERIALS FOR AMERICAN ANTE-REVO LUTIONARY HISTORY, AS IT IS TO BE FOUND IN THE MAGAZINES OF THE TIMES FROM 1 73 1. Compiled by Henry Phillips, Jr. Gentlemen's Magazine. January 2d, 1731. Geo. Barrington, Esqr., Governor of North Carolina, set out to Em bark FOR HIS Government. Witchcraft. FROM Burlington In Pensilvania, 'tis advised; that the owners of several cattle, believing them to be bewitch' d, caused several men and women to be taken up and Trials to be made for detecting 'em. Above 300 people assembled near the Governor's house, and a pair of scales being erected, the suspected persons were each weighed against a large bible ; but all of them vastly out weighing it, the accused were then to be tied head and foot together and put into a river on supposition that If they swam they must be guilty. And this they offered to undergo In case their accusers should be served In like manner, which being done, they all swam very buoy ant and cleared the account. February. Rise of the Colony in Georgia. A true account of a new colony about to be estab lished in America, by several noblemen, gentlemen and merchants. They petitioned the King in council for a grant of lands in South Carolina, and liberty to lay out charities as they themselves should give or receive from others, in (129) I 30 AMERICAN ANTE-RE VOL UTIONAR Y HISTOR Y. carrying over and establishing unfortunate families In America; and that the charity collected may not deter mine in the persons first relieved, but may extend itself to the latest ages ; they propose to reserve a certain pro portion of land In every township, and a certain small proportion of labor from every man within that township upon such land, and to apply the produce of the reserved land and labour on the supporting of the colony. In send ing over and relieving more poor families. His Majesty graciously received their petition, referred it to a committee of council, who approved of it and referred it to the consideration of the Commissioners for Trade and Plantations. The petitioners undertake, without any benefit to themselves, all the toil of soliciting charities, of cloathlng supplying, arming establishing, and supporting a colony of such persons as they may judge to be most proper objects of charity. The clerks of the council generously refused their fees for the patents passing of their office. The secretary of the board for trade and plantations, in the same handsome manner, refused the acknowledg ments offered by the petitioners. His Majesty hath been graciously pleased to order the Attorney-General to prepare a charter to incorporate the petitioners who intend to establish colonies in the manner of the old (Romans, viz., in liberty and property. Amongst other precautions to prevent future imposi tions, they have desired that they and their successors may be obliged, by their charter, to lay an annual account of all monies or effects by them received or expended for carrying on their said charitable design before the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, the Master of the Rolls, the Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and the Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer. (See Vol. II, p. 825, 894, &c.) AMERICAN ANTE-RE VOL UTIONAR Y, HISTOR Y. 131 April igth. — British Sugar Colonies in America. The dispute between our Northern and Southern colonies in America, is a matter of great Importance to this kingdom. * * * (Published the importance of the sugar colonies to Great (Britain, stated &c., 6d. May. Plantation Affairs. From J^ew England 'tis advised that Governor (Bel cher, having convoked a new general assembly, ac quainted them with his Majesty's commands of settling a salary upon this Governor, and represented the danger ous consequences of their refusal and of his return to Great (Britain might produce. But notwithstanding the Governor's utmost endeavors to persuade them Into a compliance, they have positively refused it. Substance of the First Speech of Robert Johnson, Esq., Governor of S. Carolina, to the Council AND Assembly, on the 6th of January, 1731. That, as the King had appointed him Governor of that province, he did not doubt but they would cheerfully con cur with his Majesty's council In concerting measures for the support of his Government and the good of the province, which was capable of being one of the most considerable on the main land. That His Majesty, at their request, and at a great expense, had purchased ^ths of the late Ld. Proprietor's charter, whereby they were come under his immediate government, and whereby they enjoy'd safety in trade, protection at sea by his ships of war, at land by an Inde- pendant Company of Foot Assures them that his own Interest among them, is the least motive to do all in his power to further the pros perity of a province in which he had spent so great a part of his life. 132 AMERICAN ANTE-RE VOL UTIONAR Y HISTOR Y. Enjoyns them to put In execution the laws against immorality and impiety, and recommends them to pro mote and encourage the publick schools, particularly that near Charles Town. Tells them the ruinous condition of Charles Town, Johnson's Fort, and others required immediate repair. Acquaints them with the treaty which his Majesty had ordered the Lords of Trade to settle with the Indians, -whom he had brought safe back with a considerable present Lastly, that His Majesty had instructed him to encour age useful manufactures, and that the Parliament had already given a discount upon hemp. To which (speech) they returned very dutiful and loyal answers, and there is a perfect harmony betwixt him and them, the Assembly having fixed a salary on him agree able to his desire, and done everything that was asked, being greatly pleased with the change from a dependency on the late Proprietors to His Majesty. They have also transmitted a very loyal address to His Majesty, acknowledge his bounty in remitting their arrears for quit rent, and his goodness In continuing them bills of credit, for enlarging their trade, &c. September syth. About 130 felons convicts went from J^ewgate and were put on board to be transported to America. ¦(December. From JJew England, Governor (Belcher had received permission to accept from the Assembly, the sum of ^5400 that currency (above ;i^i8oo sterling) agree able to what they offered him for his support to May next; but this concession is not to be made a precedent. January, 1732. Col. Cosby, late Governor of the Leward Islands, AMERICAN ANTE-RE VOL UTIONAR Y HISTOR Y. 1 3 3 appointed Captain-General and Governor-In-Chlef of New York and New Jersey. April. From (Philadelphia, that some (Palatines, who had shlpp'd themselves in a (Dutch ship at (Rotterdam for this place, had suffered incredible hardships from the master and sailors who deprived them of the wine, allowed them ¦no bread, only a pint of grots for five persons per day. Their hunger was at length so grievous, that i8d. was given for a rat, and 6d. for a mouse, and sometimes could get no water for several days successively, but at '6d. a quart Seven persons died of hunger and thirst In one night, and were thrown naked in the sea without anything to sink 'em. Of one hundred and fifty passen gers who went on board at (Rotterdam, above loo were starved to death. May. Col. Phipps, a native of J^ew England, appointed Lieut.-Gov., of the province of the Massachusetts (Bay, in the room of William Tailer, Esqr., deceased. June. 'Twas advised from Maryland, that a great number of planters there had destroyed 70 tobacco plantations, and were resolved not to leave a plant of tobacco standing In the country, saying, that It was not worth sending to England, whereupon the Governor had assembled the 'militia to stop 'em. Trustees appointed for establishing the new colony In Georgia : Ld. Vise. Percival, Lord Carpenter, Edward Digby, E^sqr., James Oglethorpe, Esqr., Robert More, Esq., Wm. Sloper, Esqr., George Heathcote, Esqr., Robert Hucks, Esqr., Francis Eyles, Esqr., Thos. Towers, Esqr., Rogers Holland, Esqr., John Laroche, Esqr, James Vernon, Esqr., Wm. Belitha, Esqr., Stephen Hales, M. A., John Burton, 134 AMERICAN ANTE-RE VOL UTIONAR Y HISTOR Y. B. D., Rd. Bundy, A. M., Arthur Bedford, A. M., Sam'I Smith, A. M., Adam Anderson, Gent, Thos. Coram, Gent June 2d. (Benedict Leonard Calvert, Esq., brother to the Lord (Baltimore, proprietor of Maryland, late Governor of that province, died In his passage to England. It Is reported from South Carolina, that the English, lately driven from the Bay of Campeche by the Spaniards, had brought plants of the logwood tree to cultivate there, the soil and climate being fit for It; that they had already five plantations of olive trees; were in great hopes of raising also vines of the growth of Champagne and (Bur gundy, some thousand Palatines being on their voyage thither for that end. July 2oth. The Trustees for establishing the colony of Georgia met, when the Lord Viscount (Percival produced a certifi cate from the Ld. Ch. Baron of the Exchequer, that he had qualified himself as President, by taking the proper Oaths. His Lordship then administered an Oath to the several Trustees present, who order'd a common Seal to be made, with the following device. On one Side two Figures of Rivers resting upon Urns, representing the Alamataba and Savannah, the Boundaries of Georgia, and between them the Genius of the Colony, seated, with the Cap of Liberty upon her head^ a Spear In one Hand, and a Cornucopia in the other, with this Motto, Colonia Georgia Aug. The Reverse, is to be Silk-Worms at Work, with this Motto, JJon sibi sed aliis. The Leader, Minister, and others of the Congregation of Swiss Protes tants, who are going to establish a Town upon the River Savannah, attended the Trustees, who ord'd a Library of Books to be given the Minister, for him and his Suc cessors, and a handsome Sum of Money, to subsist 'em on their Voyage and their first Arrival. (to be continued.) HQK.DAVID MONTAGU ERSKINE, obU jrarrJyI9^I8SS. H0:N. THOMAS ERSKllSTE, b.JaJu2K(17SO. duVor: 170-^1823. LORD ERSKINEi TO ROBERT WALSH.* From the Original in the Collection of R. Coulton Davis, Esq. With Annotations by the Editor. London, Jan. 29th, 181 1. Dear Sir : — I was sorry to hear from our worthy friend, Mr. Pinkney, yesterday that you had settled in America, I had hoped (tho' I knew that you intended to employ your talents at the bar in your own country, that you would frequently have visited ours, drawn towards us by the reputation which your writings and your manners had so justly acquired amongst us), but I learned from an American gentleman, who dined at Mr. Pinkney's, that you had relinquished the practical pursuit of the profession of the law and were Erskine Coat of Arms. iLord Thomas Erskine was one of the most celebrated of modern forensic ora tors, he was the third son of the Earl of Buchan, and was born in Scotland, January 2 ist, 1750. After having received a good education at Edinburgh high school and St. Andrew's University he went to sea as a midshipman, under Sir John Lindsay. His early fondness for |he sea, however, soon evaporated, and, in 1768, he entered the army as an ensign of the first regiment of foot. With this regiment, after having married, he went to Minorca, where he resided for three years. The scanty pittance IA (135) 136 LORD ERSKINE TO ROBERT WALSH. devoting yourself to literary pursuits, a course un doubtedly more fitted for your various talents than the mere practice of the law, and particularly in America divided into various states. of the rank which he held being but ill calculated to support a family, he was per suaded by his mother to turn his talents to the law ; and accordingly in his twenty- sixth year, he commenced his legal studies. Butler and Wood, both of whom became judges, were his instructors. In 1778 he was called to the bar, and he was instantly successful. In 1806 he was appointed Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain and raised to the peerage as Baron Erskine of Restormel Castle ; which position he occupied but one year, when he retired with the usual pension. In 1770, he married Frances, eldest daughter of Daniel Moore, who was sixth child of John Moore, first King's Collector of the port of Philadelphia. She was bom in " ye 2d street" of that city in her father's house at the comer of Gardener's alley — now Coombs' court — somewhere about the year 1748. Her father had read law with his brother-in-law, Peter Evans, Esq., who was sheriff of the city of Philadelphia from 1707 to 1714, and early in life emigrated with his family to the city of London, where, after a course of study in the Temple and receiving his degree from the University of Oxford, he commenced the practice of his profession, in which he soon became eminent ; made a large estate, and was a member of Parliament for many years. Lady Erskine died, A. D. 1807. The following is the inscription upon her tomb, at Amondell, near Edinburgh, Scotland : Near this place lies buried The Honorable Frances Erskine, The most faithful and most Affectionate of woman. Her Husband Lord Thomas Erskine, An inhabitant of this parish, Raised this monument To her lamented memory, A. D. 1807. His lordship died November 17th, 1823, and was succeeded by his son, David Montague Erskine, who had married Frances, daughter of Gen. John Cadwalader, of Philadelphia, at Christ Church, Philadelphia, December 16th, 1799. Lady Erskine was bom in Philadelphia, June 25th, 1781, and died in England, March 25th, 1843. Lord Erskine married secondly, Ann Bond, daughter of John Travis, Esq., of Philadelphia, July 29th, 1843, she being his first wife's cousin, and the third Phila delphia lady who had been elevated to the " Peerage " by the family of " Erskine.'' David Montague Erskine died March 19th, 1855, aged 78, and was succeeded by his second son, John Cadwalader Erskine. ^Robert Walsh, LL. D., (N. U. 1819), author, born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1784, and died in Paris, France, Febraary 7th, 1859. His father, born in Ireland, LORD ERSKINE TO ROBERT WALSH. 137 Since you left England a collection has been made by -a bookseller here of some of my speeches, when at the bar, on the liberty of the press and on constructive treasons, subjects which more than any other are con nected with that genuine public liberty which France has destroyed In Europe, but which, thank God, exists here, and which the United States bids so fair to carry forward to future ages. It Is a great consolation to me, after having in a manner devoted my life to that great cause, to see some few fragments of my labours preserved, and as I hear that there are spurious publications of some (of) my speeches In America I have taken the liberty to send you the four volumes as they have been published, because they were all taken in short-hand with the greatest fidelity, by the most eminent short-hand writers, and strictly examined at their respective periods. My son, I believe, sent the two first volumes to Mr. Cadwal- -ader and now sends the two others, and I understand thro' him that there is in America the spurious publica tions I allude to. There Is no country In the world in was a merchant of Baltimore. He was educated at the R. C. College, at Baltimore, and the Jesuit College, at Georgetown. Returning from a visit to Europe in 1808, he studied law under R. G. Harper, married and began practice, but, owing in part to deafness, abandoned law for literature. In 1811, he commenced the publication of the first quarterly in America, The American Review of History and Politics, continued two years; in 1813, he published his " Correspondence with R. G. Harper respecting Russia," and " Essay on the Future State of Europe." He also furnished several biographical prefaces to an edition of the English poets, then being published in Philadelphia. In 1817-18, he edited the American Register; published a biography of Franklin, in Delaplaine's Repository, 1818; "An Appeal from the Judgments of Great Britain respecting the United States," 1819, — an able vindication •of America from the aspersions and slanders of the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews. In 1820, he established the National Gazette, with which he was connected till 1836. He also edited the American Magazine of Foreign Literature, but resuscitated his American Review, in March, 1827, continuing it with great ability ten years ; in 1836, .he published two volumes of " Diadactics." About this time he went to Europe, where he spent the residue of his life, and was in 1845-51 United States Consul at Paris. He was a member of the Philosophical Society, and of the Royal Spanish .Academy of History. 1 38 LORD ERSKINE TO ROBERT WALSH. which I have ever taken so strong and warm an Interest as in that of the United States. I saw her birth. I watched over her here whilst she was in her cradle and scarcely a day passed that I did not through the free press of Great Britain uphold her glorious cause. I hope we shall soon see her re-united in harmony with the parent from which she sprung. I shall be glad to hear from you when you have leisure, and shall be glad at all times to obey your commands here. I have the honor to be, dear sir. Your faithful and most Obt Svt, Erskine. 2 Upper Grosvr. Place, London, Jan'y 29, 181 1. P. S. — It would give me the greatest pleasure to be rescued from the bane of spurious publications and to be better known to the people of America. Will you be so good as to speak to Mr. Cadwalader on the subject. You may pledge me for the authenticity of these volumes. tho' they were not collected nor published by myself. LADY FRANCES ERSKINE, '"-e CADWALADER, born 1781, died 1843. From a, miniature by K. Field, iSoo. Published by W. F. Booghi r, Pl.iladelphi:-. OTTPE PRIKTIWft ao. Bono*. HISTORICAL PAPERS.^ From the Biddle Papers. (Continued from page 92.) Clement Biddle, July 8, 1776. Appointed by Congress Deputy Quarter Master Gen eral for the Flying Camp & Militia of Penna & New Jersey ordered to rendezvous at Trenton with the rank of Colonel. By order of the Congress Signed John Hancock Chas. Thomson, Secty. Presdt I ith Sept., 1781. By Supreme Executive Council of Penna. Jos. Reed T. Mattack, Secty. Presdt. Appointed Quarter Master General of the Militia of the Commonwealth of Penna. with the rank of Colonel. Martha Washington to Mrs. Bassett. Philadelphia, August 20, 1776. My Dear Sister: — I am still in this town, and noe prospect at present of leaving it The General Is at New York; he Is well, and wrote to me yesterday, and informed me that Lord Dunmore, with part of his ifleet, was come to General Howe at Staten Island; that 1 Printed verbatim from the originals. (139) 140 HISTORICAL PAPERS. another division of Hessians is expected before they think the Regulars will begin their attack on us. Some hear begin to think there will be noe battle after all. Last week our boats made another attempt on the Ships up the North River, and had grappled a fire-ship with the Phoenix ten minutes, but she got cleare of her and is come down the river. On Saturday last our people burnt one of the tenders; I thank God we shant want men. The Army at New York Is very large, and numbers of men are still going. There is at this time in the city four thousand, on their march to the Camp, and the Virginians daily expected. I doe, my dear Sister, most religiously wish there was. an end to the war, that we might have the pleasure of meeting again. My duty to my dear Mama, and tell her I am very well. I don't hear from you so often as I used to doe at Cambridge. I had the pleasure to hear, by Col. Aylett, that you and all friends were well, and should have been glad to have had a line from you by him. I hope Mr. Bassett has got the better of his cough long agoe. Please to present love to him, my brother,. and sisters, my dear Fanny, the boy, and except the same yourself I am, my dear Nancy, Your affectionate Sister, Martha Washington. To Mrs. Bassett, Eltham. Gen. Washington to Col. Clement Biddle. Head Quarters, Middle Brook, May the 29th, 1779.. Sir: — I have received a copy of your letter of the 27th instant to Major-General Greene, Quarter Master General upon the subject of forage. Your representa- HISTORICAL PAPERS. 143 tion upon this head is very distressing, and I scarcely know how to direct you upon the occasion. It Is my- wish that every possible respect should, be paid in all cases to the laws of this and every other State, and a sacred regard to the property of each individual member as far as it can be done; but if necessity will not admit of their strict observance, it must justify a deviation and such infringements as she compells. However, to prevent as much as possible any just ground of com plaint and the charge of a wanton exercise of power, you should use every practicable exertion to obtain forage Irr the ordinary way and where this cannot be effected, whenever circumstances will permit, you should make written requisitions to the Magistrates for pasturage and meadows, and obtain them by their allotment If they will not permit, or the Magistrates refuse to designate them or to make a competent provision, the exigency of the public service must decide the conduct you are to pursue. I have mentioned these precautions because (tho' all regulations must yield to necessity) the principle should be introduced with caution and be practiced upon with still more delicacy. What I have said above, will apply to every situation of the army, whether [nearly one page lost or destroyed] * * * body, or In detachment, in camp or oa a march. I am Sir yr. most obed. Servt Go. Washington. Gen. Washington to Col. Clement Biddle. Head Quarters, Morris Town, I Sth May, 17S0. Dear Sir: — I have received your favor of the i6th acquainting me with your having resigned the office 142 HISTORICAL PAPERS. of Commissary General of Forage, and of the necessity which you are under of repairing to Philadelphia before the 1st of June to settle the accounts of the department. Justice to you Induces me to express my Intire approba tion of your conduct, so far as it has come under my notice In the particular line of your duty and to acknowledge that the army has at several times in very critical circumstances derived great advantages from your activity and address In giving assistance to the Commis sary's and Quartermaster's departments. Should you again incline to engage in the service under any new regulations which may take place, I can assure you that your re-appointment will be a measure highly agreeable to me. I feel myself obliged by your expressions of personal regard which Is reciprocal. I am with great esteem Dear Sir Your Mo obt Servant Go. Washington. Col. Biddle. Gen. Washington to Col. Clement Biddle. Head Qrs. Morris' Town, May 27th, 1780. " Dr. Sir : — From the opinion I entertained of your services, I was sorry to hear In the first Instance when the matter was communicated to me, that you were about to leave the army & had actually resigned your commis sion to the Quarter Master General. An event Is soon to take place which will still encrease my concern on this head. We have every reason to expect that an arma ment composed of Land & Sea forces will soon arrive from France In these States to cooperate with us against the common enemy. The department you filled is a very important one, and, on a proper discharge of its duties. HISTORICAL PAPERS. 1 43 our abilities to move in case of active operations, will greatly depend. I should therefore be happy if you would remain In it, as from your experience, activity and entire knowledge of our resources in the line of it, I am persuaded, the public service would derive many great advantages at this interesting juncture. But I find on recurring to your letter of the i6th instant, by which you communicated your resignation, that you are to be in Philadelphia on the call of the Hon'ble the Board of Treasury by the ist of June. If you consent to remain and on which point I request your answer, I will take occasion to write by you to the Board and inform them of my wishes for your earliest return. In this event I shall consider your stay at Philadelphia as rather unlucky however short, as we have not a moment to spare in concerting our arrangements. I am Dr. Sir, yr. most obed. st Go. Washington.'* Col. Biddle. " In consequence of the foregoing I continued to serve til the latter end of September when a successor was appointed to fill my office. Clement Biddle." Addressed on the outside "To Col. Biddle. Go. Washington," Gen. Washington to Dr. Stuart. Mount Vernon, 9th April, 1793. Dear Sir: — On Thursday next at one o'clock, I mean to pay the last respect to the remains of my deceased Nephew — by having the funeral obsequies performed. 144 HISTORICAL PAPERS. Mrs. Fanny Washington & myself would be very glad to see you, Mrs. Stuart, & the girls here on that occasion, for this reason, and knowing they have not the means of getting down, a carriage is sent for them, and I believe it would be extremely grateful to Fanny if Mrs. Stuart would come down without more delay than she can well avoid. The funeral will be in the presence of a few^ friends only. The day following, that is on Friday, if not unex pectedly prevented, I shall set off on my return to- Philadelphia. Charles takes up a Box with some things for the girls, in which is property of Austin's, not hard to designate, though hard in its nature. My love to Mrs. Stuart and all the family. I am always, and sincerely. Your Afifecte. Servt, G. Washington. Dr. Stuart. (historical papers to be continued.) ANECDOTE. The following anecdote told me by an aged relative some thirty years since. Genl. Mifflin, with several American officers during the Revolutionary War, were dining at Mrs. Livingston's; the day was very hot and Mrs. L., seeing that Mifflin had his coat buttoned close up to his chin, remarked, why do you not unbutton your coat you seem to suffer very much from the heat. I hope that It is no new Army regnalatlon. Leaning towards her he said in a loud whisper: Madam I cannot, I have no shirt on, nor do I believe that we have one amongst us (alluding to the other officers). How so? remarked Mrs. L. Mifflin said that all their linen has been given up to dress the wounds of the soldiers. THE COINAGE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. By Henry Phillips, Jr. IN an artistic point of view, the coinage of the United States of America Is as conventional, unmeaning,^, and unattractive as that of any other modern nation;- but as the medium through which the daily wants of over fifty millions of souls are supplied, it cannot fail to> possess a certain degree of importance. Singularly enough the art exhibited upon the money of the earliest days of the Republic, Is of a much higher quality than that which now adorns (?) its coins. The United States of America Is a Democratic Federal Republic, formed originally by the union of thirteen distinct and independent sovereignties. Its. coinage may be attributed to three eras, viz. : I. Ante-Revolutionary or Colonial, before 1776. II. Confederated, from 1776 to 178S. III. The United States. I. In some of the original thirteen colonies, coins were. Issued. Massachusetts in 1652, erected a mint and coined silver shillings, sixpences, and threepences of varying types. This infringement on the Royal Prerogative was, after a few years, brought to an end. It is of this coinage that the story is narrated that the Master of the Mint gave to his buxom daughter as her dowry, her own weight in these silver shillings, she standing In one of the (145) 146 COINAGE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. scales while the glittering hoard was being poured into the other, so that she was literally worth her weight in silver. The Proprietor of the Colony of Maryland, Lord Baltimore, in 1659, caused to be struck silver shillings, sixpences and groats, which are now very rare ; of this mintage a copper penny exists, which is believed to be unique. In 1722, 1723, and 1733, a subsidiary coinage under a patent from the British Crown was struck, consisting ot twopenny, penny, and penny pieces, which in design and execution are creditable specimens of Numismatic Art. From the device on their reverse, they are known as the (Rosa Americana series. In 1670, an issue of silver money, and In 1721, 1722, and I "j^i, an Issue of copper coinage were made for the French Colonies in America, one of which, Louisiana, subsequently became a part of the United States. Virginia, In 1773, Issued copper half pennies, and in 1774, the shilling In silver. James II. Issued a tin coin for circulation In America, on which the value was ex pressed In Spanish currency. A piece exists, coined In 1760 by Charles III., of Spain, which, from the occur rence of the word " Florida " upon Its reverse, is supposed to have been issued for that Colony. There exist some tokens which are attributed to this period, but as they were not authorized issues, they need not be included in the present account. II During the existence of the Articles of Confederation, and until the adoption of the Federal Constitution, by which the right of striking money was taken away from the States and granted to the general government. COINAGE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. l/^y copper coins were Issued by the States of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, (although in this latter case it is not positively known that the coins which exist were authorized by the State), New Jersey, and Vermont; there also appeared a multitude of copper tokens of light weight, put In circulation by unknown parties. Among these were the JVova Constellatio, Kentucky, Georgius Triumpho, (Bar Cent, &c., &c. At Annapolis, in 1 783, a jeweller named Chalmers, issued on his own responsi bility, a silver currency of shillings, sixpences and threepences. The coinage of these two eras, afford many interesting and beautiful types; some are extremely rare and command high prices. III. In 17S7, the copper coin known as the Franklin cent, was struck by the authority of the Federal Government. Preparations were made for the establishment of a National Currency and a National Mint; patterns pre pared, some of which bore the head of Washington, for the contemplated cent, disme, and half disme. The regular coinage of the United States Mint began in 1793, with the issue of copper cents and half cents. The former were of several varieties, the obverse of one of which exhibits a beautifully designed female head with loosely-flowing hair, representing an ideal Liberty. Later in the same year, this device was changed by the addition of a pole, surmounted by a liberty cap, thrown over the left shoulder of the female bust. In 1797 the cap and pole were omitted, and the hair of the female tied up behind with a fillet 'In 1808 a much more sedate and matronly bust, whose head was encircled by a fillet bearing the word liberty, surrounded by thirteen 148 COINAGE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Stars, was substituted. In 18 15, no cent was issued. In 1 8 1 7, fifteen stars were added on the obverse instead of the original thirteen, the intention being to continue, as in the flag,. placing a star for every State as it entered the Union; but this cumbersome device was abandoned on the -coinage after a short time. In 183S, the type was changed to that at which it remained until the last issue of the large copper cent in 1S57. In 1S56, the small nickel cent was introduced, being coined for circulation in 1857, which, after various changes of type and alloy. Is still in use. The half cent was first issued In 1 793. It never was a ¦coin that supplied a great popular want, and doubtless grew out of the supposed necessity for exact change required by the old currency of Spanish fips, levies and quarters, suppressed in 1S57. Half cents were coined in all the years to 1857 inclusive, except in 179S, 1799, 1801, 1S12, 1813, 1S14, 1815, 1816, 1S17, 1819, 1820, 1S21, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1827, 1S30, 1837, 1838, 1839. Gold Coin. — The earliest gold coin was the eagle or ten dollar piece issued In 1795. This coin did not bear upon it any designation of its value. None were issued In 1802, and from 1S04 to 1838. In 1849, the great abundance caused by the discoveries of gold in California, led to the striking of the double eagle or twenty dollar gold piece, of which of this year, only one specimen is known to exist and is in the Cabinet of Coins of the United States Mint at Philadelphia. The coinage of the half eagle or five dollar piece "began In 1795, none being issued in 1816 and 1817; of the quarter eagle, or two and a half dollar piece, in 1796, ¦of which none were struck in 1799, 1800, iSoi, 1802, 1S03, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1S12, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 181S, 1819, 1820, 1822, 1823, 1828. COINAGE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 149 The denominations of these gold coins have remained unchanged, but their types have been several times altered, and their representatives of to day are unlike as possibly can be to the pieces originally put forth. The three dollar (gold) piece began in 1854, and the one dollar (gold) in 1849. Silver. — The coinage of silver dollars and half dollars began in 1794, but no silver dollars were issued from 1S05 to 1836, and none in 1837; no half dollars were issued in 1798, 1799, 1800,^ and 1S16. Quarter dollars began in 1796, none being coined from after that year until 1804, then none from 1S07 until 18 15, none being issued in 18 16, 181 7, 1S26, 1829, 1830. The dime began in 1796, none being issued in 1799, 1S06, iSoS, 1810, 1S12, 1813, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1826; the half dime in 1794, none being struck In 1798, 1799, 1S04, and from 1S05 to 1829. There have been several changes in the weight and fineness of the silver coinage. Under the act of April 2, 1792, which established the Mint, the dollar was to be of the value of a Spanish milled dollar and to contain 371 A grains of pure silver -or 416 grains standard silver, and smaller silver coin to be in proportion. / The next change took place under the law of January 18, 1837, when the dollar was reduced to 412^ grains. By act of February 21, 1853, the half dollar and smaller coins were reduced in weight; the former to 192 grains, and the others In proportion. The act of February 12, 1S73, raised the half dollar to 1 2 grammes and smaller silver in proportion. Provision was made for the coinage of the trade dollar of 420 grains which remained a legal tender until July 22, 1876. ^The half dollars of 1805, virere strjick over a die of 1804. None of 1804 are however known to exist. 150 COINAGE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. The half dollar, by the provisions of the Revised Statutes, section 3513, was subsequently raised to 12^ grammes In weight The act of February 28, 1S78, authorized the coinage of a dollar of 412^ grains Troy standard silver. These are the " Bland dollars " that in thousands are piled up in the vaults of the government, that the people refuse, and that are only coined for the benefit of those who desire to sell silver to the United States. The three cent piece was coined In silver from 1851 to 1873; since 1S65 it has been struck in nickel. The silver twenty cent piece was issued from 1875 ^^ 1S78. Two cent pieces in bronze were authorized by act of Congress, April 22, 1S64, ^^^^ coined until 1873. The United States coins are very expensive to obtain, and even when forming a complete collection, present very little of Interest except to a patriot; their cost is nowise in proportion to their merits. The Mint has frequently struck experimental and pattern pieces which are eagerly sought after by collectors and bring high prices. Of these, it may be said that It would be an utter Impossibility to form a complete collection. Note. — Among the rarest of the coinage of the United States Mint, are the following : Half cents, 1793, 1796, 1802, 1811, 1831, 1836, 1840 to 1848 inclusive, 1849, (small date) 1852. Cents, 1793, 1799, 1804, 1809. Three cent (silver), 1854, 1855, 1873. Half dime, 1802, (this is the rarest of all the small coins,) 1846. Dime, 18 10, 1846. Twenty cent piece, 1877, 1878. Quarter dollar, 1796, 1804, 1823, 1827. Half dollar, 1794, 1796, 1797, 1815. (Silver) Dollar, 1794, 1804, 1851, 1852, 1858. Gold — Twenty dollar, 1849. I" 1882, only six hundred and thirty were struck, and that date will be scarce. Eagle, 1798, 1838. Half Eagle, 1797, 1815, 1822, 1824, 1828. Quarter Eagle, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1806. REVEREND JAMES ABERCROMBIE, D. D. Contributed by Charles Henry Hart. THE following remarkable letters written by a promi nent clergyman of the Episcopal Church to his son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. John Andrews, Jr., are now printed to show. In part, that the "good old times" some people are so fond of cherishing and wishing might return, were not so redolent of Innate refinement as we are often led to suppose. Aside from this they have a very decided gossipy flavor and are far from uninteresting. The writer was the Reverend James Abercrombie, D. D., one of the Ministers of the United Churches of Christ Church and St. Peter's, Philadelphia. He was born In Philadel phia, January 26th, 1758, and was the son of a Scotch man, a relative of the celebrated Sir Ralph Abercrombie, who had formerly been an officer in the British Navy, but came to America and took up his residence in Philadelphia, where he was married, Nov. 27th, 1753, at Christ Church, to Margaret Bennet. He continued to follow the sea and was lost in 1760, by shipwreck in the German Ocean. His widow married, Sept. 26th, 1767, Charles Stedman, who she survived, and died July 22d, 1803, aged seventy-six, James, the son, graduated from the College of Philadelphia in 1776, the last commence ment of the old College, which was subsequently merged Into the University of Pennsylvania. Being inclined to the ministry, he began his theological studies with the Rev. William White, but had to relinquish his books after two years attention, owing to his impaired eyesight. 2A (151) 152 REVEREND JAMES ABERCROMBIE, D, D. He subsequently went Into mercantile life and took some part in politics, and In 1792, was elected a member of City Councils. In 1793, he resumed his theological studies and was ordained deacon at St. Peter's Church, Dec. 29th, 1793. The June following, he was appointed one of the ministers of the United Churches. His salary in this position not being sufficient for his support, he founded in iSoo, In conjunction with the Rev. Dr. Magaw, of St. Paul's Church, the Philadelphia Academy, and three years later became sole head of the school, a position he continued to hold until 181 7. In Novem ber, 1S32, Dr. Abercrombie resigned his office of Minister to the United Churches, a charge he had held for more than thirty-eight years, and died June 26th, 1841, In his eighty-fourth year. Dr. Abercrombie was married Oct 31st, 1783, at Christ Church, to Ann Bannton. She died January 4th, 1S05, aged forty, and he sub sequently married in June, 1S17, Miss Maria Mason, who survived him many years, dying December 29th, 1873, aged eighty-six. He had by both wives thirteen children, nine daughters and four sons. Dr. Abercrombie was fond of social and convivial pleasure, and his tone, both of ecclesiastical and political sentiment, caused his sincerity to be sometimes ques tioned. He was a frequent purchaser of lottery tickets, and on more than one occasion, visited the theatre, which much scandalized the "pious community" in which he lived. The letters here given, show that he gave his tongue, or at all events his pen, unbridled license, and that whatever other virtues he may have possessed, delicacy and re finement were not among his ruling qualities. A prelate, high In the church has, however, said of him, "that he was admired for his excellence as a reader of our liturgy, for his ability as a writer and eloquence as a speaker; and REVEREND JAMES ABERCROMBIE, D. D. 1 53 ¦exhibited in his long-continued, active, and steady dis charge of ministerial duty, an unbroken attachment to the cause of Christ and of His Church." Dr. Abercrombie' s daughter, to whom the last letter is addressed, married Mr. John Andrews, Jr., a son of the Rev. John Andrews, D. D., who succeeded Dr. McDowell as Provost of the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Andrews resided in Baltimore. The illustration ¦given is a fac simile of Dr. Abercrombie's book plate. Philad'., June 12th, 181 2. Friday, 12 o'clock. My Dear Sir: — ^Tho' this scrawl may perhaps be too late to meet you at New York, yet as you perhaps may feel anxious about your Father,^ I think It proper to assure you again of the restoration of his health. W. Meredith^ and I walked up this morning and found him well, with hat and boots on ready for an excursion. ' Rev. John Andrews, D. D., was a son of Moses and Letitia Andrews, of Mary land, where he was born in Cecil county, near the Head of Elk, on April ist, 1746. He graduated from the College and Academy of Philadelphia, in 1765, in the same class with Bishop White. After receiving Episcopal ordination in London in February, 1767, he returned to America with the appointment of missionary to Lewes, Del., from the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts. He subsequently removed to York, Pa., and later was appointed Rector of St. John's Parish, Queen Ann county, Md., which he retained until after the Declaratian of Independence was ¦declared. " Not partaking of the patriotic spirit of the times " he was induced to quit Maryland, and he returned to York, Pa., where he opened a classical school. In 1785, he was placed at the head of the Episcopal Academy, at Philadelphia, and in 1789, was chosen Professor of Moral Philosophy, in the University of Pennsylvania, -and two years later Vice Provost. In December, 1810, he was unanimously elected Piovost, an office he continued to hold until February, 1813, when he resigned on account of ill-health and premonitions of his early demise. These were speedily .Tealized as he died of apoplexy, March 29th, 1813. In 1772, Dr. Andrews was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Robert and Mary Callender, of Cumberland county. Pa. She died February 22d, 1798, from the shock of the loss of a little son, who was burnt to death. They had ten children. 2 William Meredith was bom in Philadelphia, July 2d, 1 772, and was the second ¦son of Jonathan and Elizabeth Meredith, natives of Great Britain. Mr. Meredith graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1795. He married Miss Ogden, a neice of Govemeur Morris, a lady of fine 154 REVEREND JAMES ABERCROMBIE, D. D. I suppose from the order of the Steam boats, we shall not see you till Tuesday; for I hope you will spend a day or two In Providence and Newport Won't you be compelled to feast a little more in N. York and take a formal farewell of luxurious boards, before you return to- our simple one? Come when you will tho', we shall rejoice to see you. Jona'n Bayard Smith^ Is said to be near his end — as is also, the rich, the pompous, and the mighty Henry- Pratt*: but "he shall carry nothing away with him. when he dieth, neither shall his pomp follow him." Your boy devoured his portion of morning cake, this morning, with uncommon eagerness. He Increases in wisdom, and. If not In stature, in extension daily. The Lady Dowager Bunner^ is here, but that I suppose you know. I am as busy, to use a polished Chesterfieldlan phrase, as "a bee In a tar barrel," preparing my boys for my commencement, which I hope will be a good one. literary attainments, who was a frequent contributor, with her husband, to Dennie's. Portfolio. Mr. Meredith withdrew from the bar in 1814, but filled many offices of public and private trust. He was an active member of the Episcopal Church, and sat for many years in its Diocesan and General Conventions. He died, September, 1844, ^""i is interred in St. Peter's Church Yard, where he with his wife lie in tmmarked graves. He was the father of the late Hon. William M. Meredith. 'Jonathan Bayard Smith died at Philadelphia, June 16, 1812. He was bom in Philadelphia, in 1741, graduated from the College of New Jersey, in 1760; was a member of the Continental Congress, 1777-78; subsequently Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, of Philadelphia county, and Trustee of Princeton College, and the University of Pennsylvania. •* Henry Pratt, an eminent merchant of Philadelphia, and son of Matthew Pratt, a very good local portrait painter, was born May 14th, 1761. Before his majority, he engaged in the phina and crockery trade ; and soon afterwards entered into the grocery business. He ultimately amassed a large fortune, and had for his country seat Lemon Hill, now a portion of Fairmount Park. He was thrice married, survived all his wives, and died February 6th, 1838, leaving numerous decendants and a will the trusts under which are yet unexecuted. ' Probably " Mrs. Sarah Bunner, relict of Andrew Bunner, Esq., and daughter of Samuel and Eliza Fisher, of this city, who was born June 14th, 1751, and died August 2d, 1%22P— Christ Church Yard Record. REVEREND JAMES ABERCROMBIE, D. D. 155 Present me affectionately to the Royal Rector of Grace Church,^ and to his little Carolina Rib, or rather Hugh Jones, "Present State of Virginia, 1724," p. 72. 1 86 THE PARISH IN VIRGINIA. seem to sink into insignificance before that august and closely organized body — the Vestry, In 1643, a law was passed requiring a vestry to be held in every parish, for the care of the church, laying of levies, &c., and "That the most sufficient and selected men be chosen and joined to the minister and church wardens to be of that Vestrie."^ The number of vestry men varied, and even after the law of 1 660, limiting the number to twelve in each parish, had been passed, there was some irregularity. Thus, in 1707, a dispute in Charles parish, York county, revealed the fact that there were eight vestrymen in each of the two precincts, that then formed the parish. The vestrymen were elected by the freeholders and householders "paying Seatt and Lett in the parish." The sheriff" presided at the election to prevent all riotous proceedings, to receive the vote, an account of which he returned to the Council. Vestrymen were chosen for an indefinite term, although the Assembly during Bacon's regime tried to reduce their time of service to three years at a time. They filled vacancies in their own body, and could be dissolved only by act of Assembly, Many of the renowned sons of Virginia were at one time or another vestrymen. Washington was a member of two vestries at the same time. Vacancies seldom occurred except by death, removal from parish, or from old age. Many made the ofiice of vestryman a step towards obtaining political honors. The House of Burgesses was often controlled by men who were also vestrymen, and Bishop Meade ventured the statement that in the Virginia Convention of 1776, there were not three who did not hold that office. 1 Hening's Statutes, Vol. I., p. 240. THE PARISH IN VIRGINIA. 187 Vestrymen who were elected, took the oaths of suprem acy, allegiance, abjuration, &c., and subscribed the test. There are a great many arguments against long tenure of office, but it must be said that a man, who had done his duty as vestryman for perhaps thirty years, was pre eminently qualified by long experience and matured knowledge to condu6l and instru6l other younger men in parish affairs. In many cases the office descended from father to son, by no right, save that of merit, or of inherited influence.^ The vestry met at least twice a year, at the church, vestry-house, or convenient private dwelling. At the Easter meeting church-wardens were appointed, and the accounts of the former ones examined. The meeting in the fall was for the purpose of apportion ing the annual levy. At that time the various expenses of the parish, including the minister's salary, provision for the poor, &c., were added together, and the whole amount divided by the number of tithables determined how much each had to pay. The minister and poor or infirm persons were excused from paying tithes. Some of the items in the list of parish expenses, are ^ery amusing. " Ord'd. That the Ch. Wd's agree with any person for the Cure of Pridgeon Waddle's Nose — not exceed'g ten pounds."^ From another it is dis covered that two quarts of brandy were required for the burying of a poor woman, and there are many showing how paupers were kept, and treating of the binding out of orphan and bastard children. Often persons took care 1 The writer of the recent article in the " Century," (Vol. XX V., p. 180,) would probably call such an arrangement perfect. In describing the oflScers of the Supreme ¦Court, he makes the extraordinary statement, "An excellent civil service system pre vails among the minor employees, some of whom are the sons and grandsons of former clerks and messengers. The strife for office which is one of the great evils of public life in this country, has never invaded the precind:s of the Supreme Court." 2 " Brock's Vestry-book of Henrico parish," p. 140. l88 THE PARISH IN VIRGINIA. of their own children, and one entry shows that fifteen hundred pounds of tobacco were paid a woman "for Mary and Susanna Jeffs, children of Sarah Jeffs, in full for the Time she hath kept them, and to Indemnify the Parish from all charge for keep'g and Bringing up the said children for the time to came, they being now bound Apprentices to her."^ The vestry appointed collectors of the levy. Sometimes the church-wardens served, and frequently the sheriff" or special collector. They gave bond and received a fee of ten per cent. Once in every four years the vestry divided the parish into preclndls, and appointed two persons in each preclndl to "procession" the lands. These surveyors, assisted by the neighbors, examined and renewed, by blazing trees, or by other artificial devices, the old land marks of the fathers, and reported the results to the vestry. This proceeding was absolutely necessary for preserving boundaries in a country where few fences were used except to protect the house-garden, or to keep hogs and other live stock from running abroad. The vestry had to provide for the maintenance of the poor. In the most flourishing days of the colony, it was an easy matter to find accommodations in private houses for the few indigent folks of the parish. The vestry paid for their keeping from the levy, or from the produce of land or other property bequeathed to the parish. The poor had to be supported by the parish where they lived, and if they wandered into a strange parish they were carried back to their own by a constable. Children whose parents were unable to bring them up properly, were bound out by the vestry. The persons to whom they were apprenticed promised to Instrudl them in , religious principles, and "the art and mystery of some ^ Ibid, p. 144. THE PARISH IN VIRGINIA. 189 trade," while the children on the other hand were bound to do all they could for their master's welfare, and to avoid all the temptations to evil, that tippling houses or taverns were supposed to offer. But the element in Vir ginian laws and Virginian chara6ler, that tended towards the accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few, natur ally resulted In course of time in increasing the number of the poor. In 1755, a law was passed, which if rightly administered, would have remedied many evils. Work houses were to be built, where poor persons were to be employed at something that would help maintain them. Beggars were to work there for a stated time. The vestry had the right to make the regulations for the work-house, and all offenders against the rules, were to be whipped. The most obnoxious requirement was that the poor should have some distinguishing badge. This measure does not seem to have succeeded, for the record- books still show that the old system continued in force. There were, however, some exceptions. The vestry of the upper parish of Nansemond county, expended the proceeds from a sale of certain lands and stock in build ing a "house for the reception of divers poor persons, who receive relief from the said parish, and for educating and maintaining several poor children,"^ and also made rules for its government. But during the Revolution it was such a difficult matter to collect sufficient funds to pay parish charges, that in 17 78, the vestry was ordered to sell the old work-house and lands attached, and to devote the proceeds to lessening the levy. In some parishes were free or charity schools, of which the minister, vestrymen and church-wardens were the trustees, and they appointed masters who taught "English and writing." Sometimes for pecuniary reasons, the minister 1 Hening's Statutes, Vol. VI., p. 519. igo THE PARISH IN VIRGINIA. taught school at the glebe, or acted as tutor in a private family. Vestrymen were not allowed to act as lay readers, but some resigning their office, went to England to study divinity and having been admitted to orders returned to officiate In their old parish. The vestry was aided and represented In many of Its relations to parish ioners by the church-wardens. Church-wardens existed in Virginia before vestrymen. The four assistants to the minister during the martial government were probably their prototypes. Mention is first made of them in the laws in 1624^ but nothing is said as to the manner of appointing them. In 1632, it was ordered that they be chosen, probably by a meeting of all the parish, for up to that time there was no need of a representative vestry, as most of the parishes were con fined to the small plantations lying around Jamestown, and so all inhabitants were within easy access of the place of worship. Though the church-wardens preceded the vestry, as historic factors, and as regards certain duties, yet after vestries had been organized they appointed their church-wardens as their agents in dis' bursing parish funds, in communicating with the Governor or other authorities, and in attending to the other various matters, which engaged their attention or appertained to their office. In case of the parishioners failing to elect a vestry the county court appointed the church-wardens, and sometimes sidesmen also. The minister and vestry men from their own body, chose annually two church wardens. The election was held at Easter, and the former wardens had to give an account of all their deal ings before they were discharged. Some vestries re appointed one of the wardens who had served a year, in order that he might act as counsel to the newly chosen one. This was an excellent Idea as it no doubt prevented THE PARISH IN VIRGINIA. 19 1 many annoyances that would have resulted from inex perienced persons taking entire charge of affairs.' Such a practice may have been connected with the later distinction between Senior and Junior wardens, but it gave neither warden greater power than the other possessed, as they both were supposed to work in concert The oath required of them gives a general view of their duties, and will therefore be quoted at length. "You shall sweare that you shall make present ments of all such persons as shall lead a prophayne or ungodlie life, of silch as shall be common swearers, drunkards, or blasphemers, that shall ordinarilie profane the saboth dayes or contemne Gods holy word or sacra ments. You shall also present all adulterers or fornicators, or such as shall abuse theire neighbors by slanderinge tale carryinge or back bitinge, or that shall not behave themselves orderlie and soberlle in the church duringe devyne servise. Likewise they shall present such maysters and mistrisses as shall be delinquent in the catschisige the youth and ignorant persons. So helpe you God!!^ While the people lived near each other the wardens could have easily carried out these injunctions, but when population had scattered and great rivers had to be crossed, and long stretches of forest penetrated, to reach all the people, they were impeded in their labors, and so had to be assisted by the grand jury of the county, who often excelled the wardens in ferreting out and bringing to justice law-breakers. There was often small chance of obtaining proof, sufficient to convict an accused person. At one time certain tests were proposed for determining when a minister had become drunk. These would have applied to laymen also. "Sitting an hour or longer in the company 1 Ibid, Vol. I., p. 156. 192 THE PARISH IN VIRGINIA. where they are drinking strong drink, and in the mean time drinking of healths, or otherwise taking the cups as they come round like the rest of the company ; striking, and challenging, or threatening to fight, or laying aside any of his garments for that purpose; staggering, reel ing, vomiting, incoherent, impertinent, obscene, or rude talking,"^ all these were good evidences that the brute had conquered the man. The church-wardens collected the fines for drunkenness. Sabbath-breaking, negledling to have children baptised, absence from church, &c. In some parishes stocks were ordered to be built for the ac commodation of those whom the wardens had to remove from church to prevent them from disturbing the worship, or slumbers, of the congregation. Stocks seem to have been a favorite means of punishment for offenders of alt grades. In 1633, a man was ordered "to make a pair of stocks and set in them several Sabbath-days during divine service, and then ask Mr. Cotton's forgiveness, for using offensive and slanderous words concerning him."^ Mortifying as this must have been, it did not approach in severity one mentioned in the earlier annals. A resident of Bermuda Hundred, who had vilified a mem ber of the Council, was sentenced "to have his tongue run through with an awl," to pass through a guard of forty men each of whom was to butt him, and when he had reached the last in the line, he was to be "knocked down and footed out of the fort" Various other measures were adopted to enforce reverence for those in authority. Bishop Meade tells of persons compelled to stand during service with marks of humiliation about them, and of a woman condemned to suffer twenty lashes upon her bare shoulders ! Even those who con cealed the fact of slander having been uttered were 1 " Papers Relating to the History of the Church in Virginia," p. 341. ^ Quoted by Neill and Meade from the court records of the later Accomac county. THE PARISH IN VIRGINIA. 1 95 whipped or imprisoned. Severe as were these penalties, they were suited to the times and exercised a wholesome influence over the resdess spirits of the early colonists.^ The minister and church- wardens took cognizance of persons who fornicated or committed adultery. If after proper admonition the bad conduct was continued, the guilty parties were presented to court. In 1627, the wardens of Stanley Hundred presented a man for incontinencey with a woman whose husband was away, and the man was told to leave her company. If a white man had improper relations with a negro woman, she was whipped, while he was sometimes whipped, but more frequendy compelled to acknowledge his fault in church, that is to say, do penance. Unnecessary travel ing, "fowling," or any gathering but for worship, on Sunday, were prohibited, and the church-wardens in trying to prevent them, and also in urging people to attend church, assumed the duties of the old captain of the watch. Persons who failed in their religious duties were fined for the benefit of the poor of the parish. One man was presented for "driving hogs over the mountains on the Lord's Day," others for playing cards, pitching and playing, and some for cursing and swearing. Though there were cases of tumultuous proceedings in the churches, the services were generally conducted in an orderly manner, and summary punishment was inflidled upon unruly charafters. A certain person was excom municated for forty days, because he put his hat on in church, but one who had committed such an offence, probably cared little about the loss of the privilege of 1 " March 25th, 1630, Tho. Tindall to be piUory'd 2 hours for giving my L'd Baltimore the lye & threatening to knock him down." " 1640, Stephen Reekes put in pillory 2 hours with a paper on his head expressing his offence, fined ;^50 sterling^ and imprisoned during pleasure for saying his majesty was at confession with the L'di of Canterbury." Hening's Statutes, Vol. I., p. 552. 194 ^^^ PARISH IN VIRGINIA. attending worship. Notwithstanding the efforts of the law-givers, and the vigilance of the authorities many immoral a6ls were unpunished, and nothing else could have been expedled from individuals, whose supposed spiritual guides were themselves not altogether above suspicion. One well disposed person left by will ;^ioo to the vestry of his parish, who were to give the interest to the minister, on condition that he should preach four times yearly on the cardinal sins of Virginia. To make sure that there should be a congregation the interest of ^25 was to be divided between the clerk and sexton, if they were present when the sermons were delivered. One of the ministers, who afterward enjoyed this legacy, it is said, could have brought a great deal of personal ex-: perience to light as Illustrative materials for his sermons. The church-wardens had to bind out foundlings or hastards. Heavy penalties were imposed for bastardy, and If the woman refused to pay the fine, she could be sold for five years by the wardens. The father had to see the parish suffered no loss in caring for his child. The wardens paid some one to raise the unfortunates, and frequently the mother consented to do so. In the vestry book of Henrico parish, it is recorded that one woman was paid for keeping her two bastard children, and numerous other cases are mentioned. But in deal ing with off"ences against morality, the grand-jury gradually supplanted the church- wardens, who busied themselves chiefly in caring for the poor, and in attend ing to matters more closely belonging to the church. They sought out impotent and needy persons and either paid for their accommodation in private families, or sent them to the work-house. They employed doctors to visit them in sickness, and gave the necessary funds to have their bodies decently Interred. The sexton of the THE PARISH IN VIRGINIA. 195 parish, besides keeping the church and grounds in order, generally had charge of funeral arrangements. The wardens called vestry meetings, where they sometimes took precedence of the minister. In 1755, an impostor, who claimed to be a son of the Duke of Wirtemberg, and a minister, went about the country, and deceived some vestries into employing him.^ The Governor, therefore, issued an order, telling the church-wardens not to allow anyone to officiate in their churches, unless he could prove that he was a regularly qualified clergyman. It must not be supposed that this order was an expression of opposition to dissenters, for after the troublous contentions of the seventeenth century had abated, Presbyterians, Quakers, and other Christians, not in accord with the doctrines and pradlices of the Estab lished Church were tolerated in Virginia, Whitfield preached in Blandford Church. Davies in defending the cause of dissenters before the general court, charmed many and excited the admiration even of his opponents^ by his manly utterances and glowing eloquence, and many others of that ilk attradled large congregations in parishes vacant by reason of their distance from the capital, or because the tobacco raised there was of a quality inferior to that growing in the parishes situate between the York and the James rivers. The church-wardens had charge of the decorations of the churches, and made preparations for the celebration of the Communion. Usually this sacrament was ad ministered at least three times a year at the great feasts, sometimes to the congregation in their pews, but this custom was not considered orthodox. At one time the minister and church-wardens presented the Governor and Council with a list of births, marriages, christenings, ^ Virginia Gazette, February 2ist, I7SS. Sg6 THE PARISH IN VIRGINIA. and deaths, that had taken place in the parish during the year, but after county courts had been created, the clerk appointed by the vestry, kept a register of such events, and carried it each year to the court There were a great many laws passed, which defined the duties of church-wardens and vestrymen, but it has been thought best to refer to those only, which it is known, were carried out, and the character of the rest may be summed up in a few words. They were designed either to reproduce the customs of the old English parishes, or to meet some necessity peculiar to the new country. But there was a great deal of looseness in the conduct of church affairs, which the arrival of a commissary failed to remedy. Commissary Blair himself wrote that such difficulty was ¦experienced in obtaining enough ministers for the colony, ¦that many offences among the clergy were overlooked altogether or pardoned, for fear of losing those that had livings. Meanwhile events were hastening, and the time was approaching for a struggle that was to produce a nation. The vestries, for a century, had contended that those who supported the ministers and founded churches, had a right to say who should enjoy their contributions. With this idea before them, it was an easy matter to advance to the feeling that they should resist attempts to tax them without their consent Within less than three anonths after the royal assent had been given to the ob noxious Stamp Act, Patrick Henry, who two years before, as advocate of a vestry against a minister, had declared himself an opponent to tyranny, offered those famous .resolutions, which alone would have rendered his name immortal. Among those who were associated with Richard Henry Lee in the address and resolves of the patriots of Westmoreland against the use of the stamps, were many, who had, without doubt, imbibed and de- THE PARISH IN VIRGINIA. igf veloped their independent notions while serving as vestrymen. A feeling of unrest began to affect all classes. Vestries became careless and allowed dissenters to be elected to fill vacancies in them. Some were dis solved for misappropriating the poor-rates, and others on account of illegal elections. The attacks against the Establishment became more frequent and stronger. In 1776, an Act was passed whereby all dissenters were freed from contributing towards the salaries of the clergy of the Church of England, but the churches, glebes, and other church property remained in possession of the vestries. Then vestries in several counties were dis solved, and the indigent were given over to the care of the overseers of the poor. When the Revolution began churchmen, dissenters and all united in bearing arms. Even some of the clergy resigned their cures to serve as chaplains In the army. One, who to be sure was not a member of the Established Church, though in close alliance with it, when it became necessary entered the army and became known in history as General Muhlen berg, A German by descent, a Pennsylvanian by birth, and a Virginian by adoption he soon developed talents that made him a leader in his county. Bishop Meade has given a dramatic account of his last sermon. He concluded with the words that there was "a time for all things; a time to fight, and that time had now come." The sermon finished, he pronounced the benediction, A breathless silence brooded over the congregation. Deliberately pulling off" the gown which had thus far covered his martial figure, he stood before them a girded warrior, and descending from the pulpit, ordered the drums at the church door to beat for recruits."^ Men had little time and less inclination during the 1 " Old Churches and Families of Virginia," Vol. II., p. 314. ' 198 THE PARISH IN VIRGINIA. Revolution to busy themselves with church affairs, and the opponents of the Establishment had frequent oppor tunities to undermine still more the tottering structure. One by one the powers of civil authorities were taker* from the vestries and the inroads against ecclesiastical possessions culminated in the grevious A61 of 1802, that threatened to destroy, and which most certainly did great damage to the Episcopal Church in Virginia. But oppo sition from without, internal dissensions, and the separationi of State from Church, aimed at in the new constitution, brought it to pass, that the parish as a political institution, perished in the struggle whose birth it had so greatly aided,. Johns Hopkins' University, EdWARD InGLE,. April 14, 1883. JAMES MADISON TO ANTHONY MORRIS. From the Original in Possession of P. Pemberton Morris, Esq. Dear Sir : — The decision of Adml. Warner shuts the door to the destination which my proposal to you had In view ; I regret it the more as the other stations are provided for, and would besides be eneliglble probably to yourself Would a confidential service for a time at Cadiz, In an informal direction, be acceptable to you ? The service Is of an important nature, and implies a re spectable though unaccredited, and In some respects, unavowed agent. The allowance will be at the rate of upwards of $3000. It will be agreeable to know your determination as soon as convenient ; and proper that this communication should rest with yourself for the present., Should the service in question be accepted, a trip hither will be necessary, and the earlier the better, as will be your departure for Cadiz. Accept my friendly respects, Ant. Morris, Esq. JameS MaDISON. May 5th, 1813. HISTORICAL PAPER. From Hugh Hamersley to His Excellency Horatio Sharp, Esq., Governor of the Province of Mary land, Relative to the Colonies. Sergts. Inn, London, 20th Feby. 1767. His Excellency, Horatio Sharp, Esq. Dr. Sr. — No proper opportunity having offered for Maryland since my last I have a little cluster of your Excellencies letters addressed to Lord Baltimore and myself now lying before me. Your letter of the 14th of October Introduced Mr. Fendall to me and agreeable to your Excellency's recommendation his Lordship has given him such a cer tificate of an intention to Provide for him as will I under stand entitle him to Orders In a few days. In your letter of 20th October to his Lordship you are pleased to apprize him of a new attack made by Mr. Brerewood and to desire copys of the Bill formerly filed here and his Lordships answer to it. Those copys go now enclosed and I hope contain abundant instructions and materials to repell a claim so long since abandoned here. When the answer was given in, there was no doubt entertained of the existence of the Patent, but if it be neither recorded nor forthcoming, as Yor Ex cellency hints, that objection alone seems fatal and decisive without recurring to the others pointed out by the answer, which was obtained here by surprize and without the best Information. That it was a grant from 5A (199) 200 HISTORICAL PAPER. Husband to wife may perhaps receive an answer in Equity. But if it contravenes the prior settlements the defect of Power In the Grantor will certainly Invalidate it, aided by the many other circumstances of length of time, possession and acquiescence, and particular atten tion should be given to the pretended title of the heirs as such, as Mr. Brerewood proved Insolvent and all his estates were by an Act of insolvency, of which he took the benefit, vested in his assignees, and either were or ought to have been specifically assigned to them. The Attorney General is desired to make every defence he can for his Lordship and the Tenants, and if necessary to bring the matter Into a Court of Equity, which may procure time for furnishing any further Information and instructions he may want from hence. I am very happy to find by your letter of the 22nd Oct. that his Lordship's instruction, taking off the qualified restraint of your assent to any new bill about ordinary sciences, arrived so seasonably, as It must have given Immediate ease to the minds of your Excellency and the Council, tho' from the intelligence brought by the last letters (of which I shall hereafter take Notice) it has answered no present purpose. In this, as well as In almost every other incident, His Lordship will be well pleased to throw himself upon his two Houses of Assem bly, and farbeit from him to distress them without doing himself any good, or to insist too strenuously upon a right when they can preclude him from the exercise of it. But If a temperate remembrance of the claim, may at a lucky hour, produce the opportunity of a compromise, he Is persuaded, neither your Excellencey nor the Upper House will Overlook it His Lordship approves of the New Commission issued upon the death of Mr. Brice, late Chief Justice of HISTORICAL PAPER. 20I the Provincial Court, and his two associates, and of the five gentlemen you have added to the four surviving trustees, referring himself herein entirely to your Ex cellency who must know, and he is persuaded will always recommend and make use of the most proper Persons. So likewise I do not find his Lordship has any Pre-dilectlon for any of the Gentn. you have named to fill up the vacancys In the Council Board, but leaves you to select which two of them you think best qualified and the most proper to be employed in so important a Station, so immediately connected with all his Interests and property. His Lordship cannot Immediately lay his hands upon the two Petitions transmitted to Mr. Calvert in June 1765 relative to the two excheated lots in Annapolis and Baltimore Towns, as that Gentleman's papers are still in great disorder. But if your Excellency will for the present give the Agent a proper Dispensation so that the sale may be no longer retarded, his Lordship will be ready to sign' any instructions you will send him, either to warrant the dispensation or to authorize a further sale or conveyance, in consequence of an agreement to be now entered Into for the purpose. The Proprietors of Maryland and Pensilvania having executed commissions as I foretold In my last, for pro longing the return of the Proceedings upon the lines to Christmas 1767. I have now the pleasure to enclose your Excellency one of the renewed Commlssons and presume Messrs. Penn have already done the same to their Govr. or Commissrs. The obelisks formerly sent being by this time disposed of Capt. Love now brings 120 more or upwards which It Is hoped will fill up the Complement but more will be sent, if wanted, upon the first notice. His Lordship is very desirous to render 202 HISTORICAL PAPER. the work now carrying on as compleat as possible, but much approve your Excellency's caution not to give the least umbrage to the Indians which can be of no advan tage either to him or Messrs, Penn. His Lordship desires me to acknowledge the Receipt of the remittance of ^187.. 13. .9 mentioned in your Ex cellency's letter of ist Nov. for y^^ of the purchase money and allowance of Surveying of part of the Manor in Prince George's County paid you and Mr. Dulaney. Also, part of the ^60.. 5. .0 in your letter of 20 Nov. being the first Payment for part of a tract of escheat land In Annapolis County and of the ;i^6..i9..9 In the same letter being the part payments for the two parcell s of Collington Manor. Yor. Excellency's letters to me of 21 Nov. and Sth Dec. I shall take leave to consider together, as the one is properly the forerunner of the other, the proceedings of the Assembly having exactly corresponded with what you foretold of them. I have laid before his Lordship the Act for the New Emission which I have carefully perused and compared with the Restraining Law passed here In the 4th of his personal majesty. That Law annulls all Paper Emis sions as legal Tenders Mulets the assenting Govr. In 1000 Penalty. But the Maryland law not only avoids making them legal Tenders affirmatively or even by con structions, but Negatively says they shall not do so, un less by consent, which supersedes all law. It does or does not fall within the Prohibition of the English Law, if it does not there is no harm done, if It does a Nullity and becomes still more innocent to every one except your Excellency who must pay 1000 for the sanction you have given it, but this is a risque you have cheerfully ventured for the good of your country, being (I presume) HISTORICAL PAPER. 203 previously assured of the indemnity of the Lower House. But If you cannot depend upon them your situation is still better, the Law not only steers clear of the letter but of the mischiefs condemned in the several American Emissions and co-incldes with the true restraining Policy by at once limiting a certain period for Redemption and providing and appropriating a solid substantial equiva lent in money in the English funds under the direction of unexceptionable Trustees to be applyed in sinking the bills, when the period of their existence Is determined. In this light the Law appears highly meritorious and does the greatest credit to Maryland, an example the other colonies are far from emulating being all engaged at this time in an application to get the last Restraining Law repealed or qualified and New Modelled in which they have a considerable prospect of success and I shall give them every assistance In my power. If It be only to take off the Ignominy of those letters from Mayland, which I am sure she will never want. That the law is calculated for the general good of the Province Is a sufficient motive to induce the Law Proprietary's concur rence and you have already assured him, so -far from being a Prejudice to his private revendue. It will greatly facilitate and promote the collection of It. I am there fore directed to signify his entire satisfaction in and ap probation of the Law. And in so doing has given it me expressly in charge to request your Excellency will " render his grateful acknowledgments to the Two Houses of Assembly for the recent mark of their respect and attention to him in placing the trustees appointed In London for the execu tion of the trusts in this law under his superintendency and direction. And to assure them, that he shall have the greatest satisfaction in complying with their desires 204 HISTORICAL PAPER. Upon every occasion, and, more especially in a matter of so great importance to the Welfare of the Province as the Trust reposed in those gentlemen." The passing the Journal of Accounts Is a great point carried and will I hope restore a temporary tranquility at least. The reference of the salary of the Clerk of the Council to the King in Council is an appeal to a juris diction which his Lordship has often recommended and wishes to resort to upon every difference In opinion be tween him and his Province by which their Mutual mis apprehensions may be rectifyed without Interrupting the Public Peace. I have seen the parting resolves of the Lower House and their advertizement for a Liberty Lottery, calculated as It should seem by a kind of fatality to Counteract their own gracious address, for tho' the one may be Intended to introduce the other will scarce fail to fustrate and disappoint their appeal even independent of its merits, and they may be assured I will fully avail myself of it at a proper time. At present no petition has come Into the office when it does you shall have a copy Immediately, and I doubt not sufficient notice to forward the materials you are preparing. Per haps it may come In the shape of a complaint, and then the Upper House must have an opportunity to return their answer. I have retained Mr. York and Sir Fletcher Norton as Counsel for the [Lord Proprietor and the Upper House in all disputes with the Lower House and I believe your Excellency will think they can scarce be in better hands, I have carefully perused the Registers Act and your Excellency's observations upon it and though I should have liked it better had the clause formerly offered by the Upper House been adopted for making the payment of the Quit Rents a preliminary to the Registry, Yet I HISTORICAL PAPER. 205 Still think it a very beneficial Law to the Proprietor as he must have notice of every alienation, the clerks being of his own appointment and under his own direction, and having notice, there cannot be a right without a remedy. It was with this view the sale of the Manors was originally directed to be by bargain and sale, a Registry being essential to that mode of conveyance. The evasion of paying quit rents sprung from the con cealment of the transaction by dormant transfers but this Law brings them all to light, and puts every species of conveyance upon the same footing. It half does the Proprietor's business by giving him Immediate Notice of every alienation, and If, after notice, proper care be not taken to recover his dues, the fault Is his agents and not that of the law. If the want of a remedy to enforce such payment be objected to this Law the same objection lay against the former Law of which this appears almost a transcript. But If it does not do the whole business why not accept the half and be thank full for what we have got, and indeed if we get nothing by it, as long as it does not deprive us of any right we enjoyed before, I see no reason why considerations arising from his Lord ship's private Interest should defeat a General Law of so salutary a tendency as a General Registers Act which likewise strengthens the hands of Government in other respects by making the true situation and circumstances of every individual publickly known. But yor Excellency agrees the act is desirable on every account. If the alienation find be recoverable in the Chancery Court according to Mr. Dulaneys opinion in which I entirely concur with him and I have known in my own experience a Decree given in the Court of Chancery for establish ing a right to a six penny quit rent for the jurisdiction of that Court is not limited in matters of Real property. 206 HISTORICAL PAPER. His Lordship therefore seems at present very inclined to assent to this Law unless your Excellency should still think he ought not to do so. But if he does assent he desires you will immediately issue Instructions to the Clerks of the Provincial and County Courts as mentioned in your letter to him and if the sanction of his authority be wanting, he will immediately send it. The miscarriage of the two bills, for regulating Ordinarys, licencing Pedlars, and of the Act of Grati tude, is Imputable to the Lower House only, and it gives his Lordship equal pleasure to see the Upper House asserting their own rights as his. The Act of Gratitude was plainly a sequel to the address to give weight to their representation, and to interest administration in their cause and to throw the odium of the disappoint ment upon the Upper House. But the disguise has been so coarse as to be easily seen through and the very proceedings from which they meant to derive so much advantage, only furnishes a further instance of their irregularity and disorderly conduct, and has betrayed them Into still greater irregularitys, by giving birth to such resolves, as I hope will never appear upon the journals of a British House of Commons, for the Crown has been long restrained from these sorts of free gifts, and I should think every individual who dared to take a single shilling subscription to the Lottery as a Member of the House upon a bare resolve only, without an Act during the recess of the Assembly, would be liable to a prosecution by the Attorney General for a. misdemeanor. But as he may not care to undertake the task, they may depend upon hearing of it when they come before the Council, and I am very glad the Upper House have not followed their example I have looked Into Bacon's Law in hopes to have found an act Prohibitory of Private HISTORICAL PAPER. 207 Lotterys as in England that the subscribers too might have partook of the prosecution and am very sorry I cannot find one. The address of the Lower House was received and presented by Mr. Garth a few days before the arrival of that from the Upper House. The latter came to hand a few days since and was on Tuesday last presented by his Lordship in form to the King who received It very Graciously and nothing could be better timed than both addresses were, nor more proper or suitable to the occasion. The moderation of the Lower House in recompencing the sufferers In the late disturbances does them great Honor, and in some measure atones for their other errors. A very extraordinary Petition has been trans mitted, by the Merchants of New York, to the Board of Trade, and by them laid before the House of Commons who have ordered It to lye upon the table for the present, with a view of soon taking it up again together with the general consideration of the Colonies I fear not so much to their advantage as a more temperate conduct is some of them might have en titled them to expect, for the Ministry (If any we have) plainly confess they know not what to do with those refractory Colonies and the opposition are watching every opportunity to push them upon extremities. I find Capt. Love will go near to ship 144 Obelisks instead of the 120 I mentioned. Lord Strafford having accepted the offer of your Excellency's assistance has furnished me with the enclosed documents and a Power to Mr. RIdout which he is request to execute and return an account of his proceedings. 2o8 HISTORICAL PAPER. Lord Baltimore's stock of Madeira being nearly exhausted he desires you will furnish him a further sup ply of two pipes by the first opportunity. And he requests your Excellency and the other Com missioners to close Mr. Loyd's accounts with all reason able dispatch neither indullging nor distressing him too much. Its now a considerable time since this work was first entered upon and Mr. Jordans friends must wish him to turn his face homewards. His Lordship was some time since Informed that Mr. John Ross the Deputy appointed by Mr. Loyd for the Western Shoar was dead, and if a deputy be necessary desires to know who is appointed his successor. Mr. Loyd in September last made his Lordship a remittance of 2066.. 1 6.. 3^ and in November following of 2669. .2. .854! for the years 1765 and 1766. Mr. Bury, a neighbour of his Lordships In the Country, having a son, who keeps a school at Baltimore, has desired his Lordship's encouragement and countenance to him. In that light your Excellency is desired to take some notice of him and if any thing proper offers to give him such assistance as he may deserve. His Lordship Is informed there is a piece of land of about an acre or an acre and an half on the Shoar of Annapolis lying vacant and unimproved but claimed by the Corporation of that City and adjoining to the Land of one Middleton. This your Excellency is desired not to patent or suffer to be taken up till further orders from his Lordship and In the meantime to furnish him with the value at what fine and what rent to be let. His Lordship requests you will send me two or three of the Maryland Gazettes with the advertisement of the Liberty Lottery which seems so extraordinary as scarce to gain credit. HISTORICAL PAPER. 209 I have the honor to be with the greatest esteem and regard. Dr. Sr. Your most Faithfull Hble. Servt. Hugh Hamersley. Sergts. Inn London, 20th Feby. 1767. Sergts. Inn, London, 20th July, 1767. His Excellency, Horatio Sharp, Esq. Sir. — I am favoured with your Excellency's letter of the first of March last, intimating the honour done one by the Gentlemen of the Upper House In appointing me their solicitor and Agent to support and prosecute the appealee to the King in Council, agreed between the two Houses of Assembly in respect to the contested salary of the Clerk of the Council, and am to request your Excellency will be pleased to make my best acknowledgments to the gentlemen for the honor they have done me, and to assure them of my utmost zeal and attention to support the struggle they have so gen erously and disinterestedly engaged in, on behalf of the Lord Proprietary, and his Government. At present I do not find any steps taken by the Lower House, and the Gentlemen will please to consider whether they cause to take lead. With the equal concurrence of both partys, a determination might be had In the course of the ensuing Spring, but a backwardness in either may postpone it till the following Winter or longer, and the loss will be the same as the expense, which will be more or less according to the spirit of Litigation, the length of 2 I O JAMES GREENLEAF TO S YL VANUS BOURNE, Esq. the papers, and the importance of the subject Nor will it be possible to form a conjecture as to either par ticular, till some further progress is made in the busi ness, and then it will be time enough to make a Pro vision for the expence. I am with great regard, Sr. Yor. Excellency's Most Obedt Hble. Servt. Hugh Hamersley. JAS. GREENLEAF to SYLVANUS BOURNE, Esq. Philadelphia, June 25, 1794. Sylvanus Bourne, Esquire, Amsterdam. My Dear Sir. — Since my last I have rec'd no advices from you ; I just arrived here and shall depart in a few hours for Washington, and shall be followed by Messrs. Morris and Nicholson. Our principle object at the Fedl. City is to select and obtain the Fee simple of a sufficiency of our Lots, to enable you to conform imme diately to yr. engagem'ts should you (which I deem almost certain) have succeeded In obtaining the loan for $800,000 Ds., at all events we shall forward you in due form the titles we obtain, and in case you should not have succeeded in the first instance you must imme diately bring forward a plan for raising from 600,000 to 1,000,000 Drs. & in the execution of which I hereby give you In our joint behalf a Carte blanche in the full reliance on your judgment & attention in securing to us every possible advantage that the nature of the plan you JAMES GREENLEAF TO SYL VANUS BOURNE, Esq. 2 I I execute will admit of, & that you will loose no time In transmitting proper letters of credit. You will receive by the present conveyance (the Grace, Capn. Armour) such Maps of our Georgia Lands as we have time to prepare, and the residue shall be forwarded as soon as possible — Mr. R. Morris Junr. is directed to furnish you immediately a full power for dis posing of all the lands of which the title is invested in him — he will furnish you also a laws of the State of Georgia, relative to the alienation of property, which it will be essentially necessary you should exhibit to the buyer or money lender — We shall send you also by the Grace unlimited power for acting in our behalf, with regard to^alienatlon to the same. Our purchases in land have been immensely extensive and advantageous but to face our engagements we shall want large supplies of money ; you must, therefore, bring forward some negotiations on lands & force its success if possible — We prefer borrowing money to sell ing our lands, but if we must sell, you may, if nothing better can be done, part with them at two guilders per acre ; lower than that we cannot authorize. In the place of the bills last drawn on you for ;^45,ooo which will not appear, (except perhaps a small amount — sent to N. York & Boston for sale) I shall pass R. Morris's Bills on me favg. John Nicholson for the same Amount, and shall accept them here ; as by this mode, which will be more pleasing to the buyer we shall make a considerable saving in the sale, and our respon sibility Is in no respect increased ; as in either case I must be In Holland to face the bills; and In case of accident to me, sufficient insurance will have been made on my life to face all our engagements In Europe of every possible nature. 212 WARRANT FOR THE ARREST OF ROBERT MORRIS. I have no time to add further or to write to our worthy friend Gerard. Please read him this letter and hand him the inclosed receipt. Remember me kindly to all our friends, & believe me very cordially and affec tionately, Yr. Sincere Friend, James Greenleaf. Note. — The first pars^aph refers to the 5000 lots purchased by Morris & Green leaf from the United States Government at Washington, D. C. The latter to the Georgia Land Company; both not only proved a failure but completed bankruptcy and arrest of Mr. Morris for debt. See Warrant. W. F. B. WARRANT FOR THE ARREST OF ROBERT MORRIS, FIRST FINANCIER. Pennsylvania, ss. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, To the Sheriff of Philadelphia County, Greeting : We command you. That you take Robert Morris late of your County, if he may be found in your Bailiwick and him safely keep so that you may have his Body before the Justices of the Supreme Court at the same Court, to be held at Phila delphia the thirtieth day of December next, to satisfy Amos Alexander and William Whan Indorsee of Robert Morris of the sum of twenty thousand and nineteen dollars and forty four cents lawful money of Pennsyl vania which the said Amos and William lately recovered in our said Court against the said Robert as well for their damages which they had sustained by reason of the non performance of certain promise and assumption by the said Robert to the said Amos and William made as for their costs and Charges by them about their suit in that behalf expended, whereof the said Robert is convict as WARRANT FOR THE ARREST OF ROBERT MORRIS. 213 appears of Record, and have you then there the writ. Witness the Honorable Thomas McKean Esquire Doctor of Laws, Chief Justices of the said Supreme Court at Philadelphia the sixteenth day of September in the year of our Lord MDCCXCVII. Edw. Burdprot. Real debt 10,000 dolls. Interest from 3d July 1797 till 4th Sept 1797. Int from 4th Sept. 1797 till paid. Proty. 2 pounds, 10 shillings and 4 pence, Atty. 3 pounds 13 shillings and six pence, Shff i pound o shillings and six pence. Cryer o pounds, o shilling and six pence. 7 pounds 5 shillings and 10 pence If sat ackd. proct I shilling and 10 pence, Casa Atty. 13 shillings and 6 pence. Rec. Deer. 26 at 30 min. past nine o'clock A. M. — Non est Inventus so answers Adam Clampffer. John Baker, Shff Pennsylvania, ss. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, To the Sheriff of Philadelphia County, Greeting: We command That you take Robert Morris late of your County Esquire, if he may be found in your Bailiwick and him safely keep, so that you may have his body before the Justices of our supreme Court at the same Court to be held at Philadel phia the thirtieth day of December next to satisfy Wil liam Cliften Junior Indorsee of John Nicholson of the sum of five thousand and fifteen Dollars and seventy five cents lawful money of Pennsylvania which the said Wil liam lately recovered in our said Court against the said Robert as well for his damages which he had sustained by reason of the nonperformance of a certain promise and 214 WARRANT FOR THE ARREST OF ROBERT MORRIS. assumption by the said Robert to the said William made as for his costs and charges by him about his suit in that behalf expended, whereof the said Robert is Convict as appears of record. And have you then there the writ. Witness the Honorable Thomas McKean Esquire Doctor of Laws Chief Justices of the said Supreme Court at Philadelphia the sixteenth day of September in the year of Our Lord MDCCXCVII. Edw. Burdprot. Real debt 32 20^^ dolls. Int from iSth Dec. 1797 till paid. Cost Pst. 2 pounds 1 2 shillings and 2 pence. Atty. 3 pounds o shillings and o pence ; Shff o pounds 4 shillings and o pence. Cryer i shilling and 6 pence. 5 pounds 17 shillings 8 pence. i5t^ dolls. If sat. Ackd. prot 25 cents Casa Pltff. i^s^o^ Deer. 23d 1797, non est inventus, so answers Adm. Clampffer, JoN. Pimose, Shff". I Certify that the foregoing are true copies of writ of execution issued out of the Supreme Court of Pennsyl vania to the Sheriff of Philadelphia County with returns thereto of the said Sheriff". In Witness whereof I have hereto set my hand and affixed the seal of the said Su preme Court at Philadelphia this fifth day of July Anno Domini MDCCXCVIII. Edwd. Burdprot. Note. — Mr. Morris was the son of Robert Morris of Oxford, Maryland, and the youth referred to in his Will on the 51st p^e, and Superintendent of finances, re ferred to on page 35, from 1781 to 1784. W. F. B. HISTORICAL PAPER. Pay Roll of American Prisoners at Chatham, 1814. Chatham, 9TH September, 1814. We, the subscribers, of the United States Army, prisoners of war confined at this place, acknowledge to have received of Reuben Gaunt Beasley, Agent for American prisoners of war in Great Britain, the sums of money annexed to our names respectively, being in full of our pay from the 30th of July to the 30th August, inclusive : Number on Depot Entry-Book. 3.0463.0493.0473.0483.0503.0523.053 3.052 3.0543.085 3.0813.0833,0823.0843,0743.077 3.0753.0633.0583,0603.070 3.0733.079 Name. C. H. Frank . Jno. Woolton . Wm. Cashman Jno. Tomlinson Geo. Henry . Jos. Childers . Jos. H. Moon . Jas. Drummond Fred'k House . Ab'm Siers . . Amos Hedden M'l Brown . . Gilbert Burlow H. C. Goodrich Jno. H, Cook . Jno. D. Gray . Mich'l Hoff . Isaac Kellogg Stephen Hill . Jno. Carr . . Rob't Magee . Jno. Staley . . Dav'd Managhan Rank. Private. Serg't. Private.Corporal. Private. (215) Regiment. 2 L. Drag's. 3 L. Art'y. 6 R. Inf y. 14 R. Inf y. Time Paid For. Months. Days Am't of Pay. J8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 II 00 8 00 10 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 Oj Oj oj Oi Oi Oj oj oj oj oj Oj Oo oj Oi Oj oo oj Oj oj oj Oj oj , . w M o o o o o o 13 o "b "b "o "b "b ^o "b 'b "o "b "o "o "^^—^-...M t-t M O \0'.D 00 00 00 00 ON^ o^ 0\^J 0 OOVl COl +. OJ M O VO OOVI OvOl .;^ OJ M w >0 OOVl OVOl j:^ O OOVI VOO\MC»MOlH.S.vj Cjvo SO OV » >S ¦ S o S o 3 " >a S. g: g- &p 8 p o '.sffi.!«"^,^"::.>g.Hw>g^'5:ow'^ « .> ^ o 5? ^'^ So'V ^ O » ffi t-'V O - .. M = ^' -IS^w^g?"-^ ^tdS-^-Q^.S^p 4 p-jg^|3.o s-^ o-g §_ n g ^(W n 2.3- >i ¦ g " p. a,C B 2 n a ?rjm OJ en 00C»0O0O0O<»COC»0O0OCOCOOO00a>O0000O00000O0OO0000O0OO0000O000O000OM0O0O000O0O000O0O0O000oa>000O0O0000 00^ 88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 Si3 w B a 3 a. ^ o a to to1^ HISTORICAL PAPER. 217 Number on Time Paid For. Am't Depot Name. Rank. Regiment. of Entry-Book. Months. Days. Pay. 3.132 Stephen Miller . . Private. 14 R. InPy. {8 00 3 Jno. Hatter . . . (( (( 8 00 4 J. Ramsey . . n tt 8 00 3.035 Jno. M. Hurd <( ti 8 00 6 C. Thistlewood tl ft 8 00 8 J. Wageman . " 6 R. Inf'y. 8 00 40 Jno. Fullerton . C( Artillery. 8 00 I J. Hunter . . It 14 R. Inf y. 8 00 2 Godfrey Nybro (( ii 8 00 3 D. Patten . . n it 8 00 5 Alfred Leonard 11 Artillery. 8 00 6 S. Whitman . tt 14 R. InPy. 8 00 7 Ant'y Wheeler tt tt 8 00 8 M. Winner . . tt 16 R. 8 00 9 J. Jacobs . . . tt 14 R. InPy. 8 00 50 Geo. Slaughter Serg't. L. Drag's. II 00 I Wm. N. Jones IC 14 R. InPy. II 00 2 Ahaz Cook . . Private. *( 8 00 3 Arthur Forrester t( (( 8 00 4 T.Logan. . . a ti 8 00 5 Jugh Johnson . it " 8 00 6 Abra. West. . it tt 8 00 7 A. Ritchie . . tt ii 8 00 8 Job Price . . . tt it 8 00 3.159 Alfred Willis . it It 8 00 68 C. Mitchell . . tt a 8 00 2 H'y Welch. . ti I L. Drag. 8 00 3 G. Murphy . . tt ti 8 00 4 W. Martin . . tt 14 R. InPy. 8 00 5 R'd Dandridge tt I L. Drag. 8 00 6 R. Perkins . . tt (( 8 00 7 Jno. Matthews. tt 14 R. InPy. 8 00 2,612 R. McGinnis . tt tt 8 00 3 J. Brown . . . ti ii 8 00 4 J. Smith . . . tt li 8 00 5 S. Gray . . . tt it 8 00 6 W.Sloan . . tt it 8 00 7 J. McKay . . tt tt 8 00 8 C. McEver . . ti ft 8 00 9 J.Todd . . . " it 8 00 20 P. Kehr . . . (( tt 8 00 I J. Scott . . . ti tt 8 00 2 J. Brown . . tt ii 8 00 3 E. Dibbins . . tt it 8 00 5 C. Kelly . . . tt ({ 8 00 2,626 G. Courtney . tt tt 8 00 7 Ch's Denvon . it tt 8 00 8 Tho's Stewart ii tt 8 00 9 J. Smiley. . . ti ti 8 00 30 Tho's Taggart tt tt 8 00 I R. Maxwell , it it 8 00 2 J. McGoan . . tt ti 8 00 3 J. Henry . . . it tt 8 00 2l8 HISTORICAL PAPER. Time Paid For. Number on Name. Rank. Regiment. Am't Depot of Entry-Book. Months. Days. Pay. 2,634 A. Anderson . . . Private. 14 R. Inf y. $S 00 5 E. Denmead . tt 11 8 00 6 D. Carbody . . tt *¦' 8 00 7 J. Doud .... tt t( 8 00 8 Geo. McMullin . tt 8 00 9 Dom'c Cannon tt 8 00 40 Mat. Flaherty . tt it 8 00 I C. O'Nail . . tt " 8 00 2 Jas. Gwin . . tt " 8 00 3 W. Kelly . . it ft 8 00 4 Jas. Miller . . . It " 8 00 5 A. Patterson . . tt 8 00 8 R. Norton . . . it 6 R. InPy. 8 00 2,649 Jno. Pinney . . tt ti 8 00 50 J. Hunter . . . tt 8 00 I E. Cranney . . " 8 00 2 Ed. Norman . tt " 8 00 3 And. Cole . . tt " 8 00 7 J. Harry . . . tt tt 8 00 8 Jno. Watson . tt N. Y. Mil. 8 00 1,616 Geo. McCamman . tt 13 R. Line 8 00 7 Peter Barr . . tt ti 8 00 8 P'k McBrahertz tt " 8 00 9 Jno. Gill . . . It tt 8 00 20 J. McGowan . tt . " 8 00 1 John Dalton . it it 8 00 2 Mat Mooney . tt tt ^ 8 00 3 Jno. Dinimey . " " 8 00 - 4 H'yBlaney. . ** ti 8 00 5 M'l Condon . .t " 8 00 6 Jno. Wiley . . It it 8 00 7 And'w Donnelly tt it 8 00 8 Jno. Fitzgerald tt " 8 00 9 J. Clarke . . . tt 8 00 1,630 H'y Kelly . . tt 8 00 I E. Ganaghan . " it 8 00 2 T. WiUiams . (( " 8 00 3 Geo. Johnston tt it 8 00 4 Pat. Kearns . ti it 8 00 5 M. Shields . . ti tt 8 00 6 And'w Doyle . it 8 00 2,647 James Evans . tt 23 R. InPy. 8 00 2,663 Jno. Fitzpatrick it 2d H'y Art. 8 00 3.472 Theo. Bijoure tt 14 R. Inf y. 8 00 historical paper. 219 Pay Roll of American Prisoners at Dartmoor. [Duplicate.] Dartmoor, 30TH November, 18 14. We, the subscribers of the United States Army, pris oners of war confined at this place, acknowledge to have received of R. G. Beasley, Agent for American prisoners of war in Great Britain, the sums^annexed to our names respectively, being in full of our pay from the 31st Oc tober to the 30th November, inclusively : Number on Time Paid For. Am't Depot Name. Rank. Regiment. of Entry-Book. Months. Days. Pay. 5. 25 2 G. McCamman . . Private. 13 Reg. Le. ^8 ou 3 Peter Barr . . tt tt 4 00 4 P'k McBrahutz it tt 8 00 5 Jno. Gill . . . tt it 8 00 6 J. McGowan il it 8 00 7 Jno. Dalton. » It I 8 00 8 Mat. Mooney tt It 8 00 9 J. Diminey . >' it 8 00 60 H'y Blaney . " It 8 00 I M'l Condon tt tt 8 00 2 Jno. Wiley . tt tt 8 00 3 And'w Donnelly tt tt 8 00 4 Jno. Fitzgerald tt It 8 00 5 Jno. Clarke . . it tt 8 00 6 H'y Kelly . . It It 8 00 7 E. Ganaghan . it (( 8 00 8 T. Williams . tt it 8 00 9 Geo. Johnston . tt tt 8 00 70 Pat. Kearns . . tt I R. L. Art. 8 00 I M. Shields . . tt t( 8 00 2 And'w Doyle . tt It 8 00 2 20 historical paper. Pay Roll of American Prisoners at Dartmoor. [Duplicate.] Dartmoor, 3 ist December, 18 14. We, the undersigned, of the United States Army, Prisoners of war, confined at this place, acknowledge to have received of R. G. Beasley, Esq., Agent for Arner- ican prisoners of war in Great Britain, the sums annexed to our names respectively, being in full of our pay from the 30th November to the 31st December, 18 14, inclu sively : Number on Depot Entry-Book. 5.252 3 4 567 89 60 I 2 345 6 789 70 I 2 Name. G. McCamman Peter Barr . . P'k McBrahutz Jno. Gill . . J. McGowan Jno. Dalton . Mat. Mooney J. Diminey . H'y Blaney . M'l Condnn John Wiley , And'w Donnelly Jno. Fitzgerald John Clarke. . H'y Kelly . . E. Ganaghan • T. Williams . Geo. Johnston Pat. Kearns . M. Shields . . And'w Doyle . Rank. Private. Regiment. 13 Reg. Le. I R. L. Art. Time Paid For. Months. Days, Am't of Pay. 58 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 CO 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 LETTERS FROM GENERAL U. S. GRANT. Executive Mansion, Washington, D. C., Oct. 31st, 1874. Dear Judge : — Accept the condolence of Mrs. Grant and myself for the loss of your daughter, Mrs. Egbert. I have never yet experienced the bereavement of the loss of a child, but know it must be grievous. Let us hope your loss has been her gain. Very Truly Yours, U. S. Grant. Judge John F. Long. Executive Mansion, Washington, D. C., Dec. 23d, 1874. Dear Judge : — I have deferred answering your last letter so that it might be so near the last of the month before overdrawing my bank account as to make no difference. I enclose you check for $500^^ to make good the amount you have advanced and to pay some little bills mentioned in your letter. If more Is required I can send it any time after next week. Many thanks for your kindness. The Senate by its action yesterday on the finance bill have done the best days work for the country and the party possible, and one of the best done by that body for years. Yours Truly, U. S. Grant. (221) 222 letters from general u. s. grant. Executive Mansion, Washington, D. C., Oct. 15th, 1875. Dear Judge : — Mr. Frank Wells has arrived with the eight horses in his charge, in fair condition, with the exception of one of them which was bit by the other horses. Nothing serious however. I wish you would be good enough to get for me the pedigree of the six sent to me, and that you also get the same of Claymore for Mr. Hunt. We just arrived here this morning, all well after a most delightful trip. Very Truly Yours, U. S. Grant. Judge J. F. Long. New York City, Oct. 3d, 1882. My Dear Judge : — I have held on to my land in St. Louis Co. so long, and with such poor results, that I now want to offer it at a price that will secure a purchaser. If you think of any one likely to wish to buy may offer it for ^100,000.00, half cash, balance in one and two years, this to Include the Carondelet Property of — I believe — 201 arpents. If this cannot be obtained, and you can get an offer please inform me what it Is. With kind regards to all your family, Very Truly, U. S. Grant, LETTER FROM HON. JOHN F. LONG, SCHOOL TEACHER OF MR. LINCOLN. Saint Louis, Mo., Feby. lo, 1886. Wm. F. Boogher, Esq. Dear Sir : — Enclosed I send you letters of the late U. S. Grant ; whom it was my pleasure to know per sonally for half a Century. He was an honest, brave and kind gentleman, — his whole life above reproach ! ! My sympathies for his amiable widow are still pre valent. She was a sweet little girl In my school long, long ago. Very truly yours, John F. Long. (223) INDEX (To Annotations only.) A PAGE. Aguessean, Count de 38 Allison, Elizabeth 58 Andrews, Rev. John 153 John, Jr 155 " Letitia 153 " Moses 153 Anderson, William 159 Antoinette, Maria 39 Apthrop, Charles 127 " Rev. East 127 " Grizell 127 Amold, Benedict 30-36 " Benedict, Mrs 34-36 Armstrong, John, Agt. Gen 158 Ayon, Count de 38 B Badger, Miss Sarah 123 Banning, Capt 48 Bannister, Col. John 175 Baker, Jacob 158 Bamey, Como Joshua 40 Barclay, Comelia Smith, Mrs., 11 1 Bedford, Canning 40 Beekman, Col. Henry 175 " Janet 176 Beckford, Rt. Hon. William ... 127 Binney, Dr. Barnabas 109 " Horace, LL.D 109 Bingham, Mrs 42 " William 32 Biddle, Arms after 70 " Clement 100 " Mrs. Mary L m " Genealogy 103 " Nicholas 112 " Owen 100 Begnion, Mr 170 PAGE. Black, John 155 " Margaret 155 Bond, Ann 138 Boudinot, Elias 58 " Elizabeth 58 " Joseph 58 Boardman, George D 10 Sarah 10 " Rev. D 10 Bowen, Nathaniel Bishop 155 Brantly, Dr 10 Broglie, Due de 29 Bunner, Andrew, Esq 154 " Mrs. Sarah 154 c Cadwalader, (Arms) after 70 " Col. John 67-108 " Major Gen.George 109 " Gen. John 136 " Frances 136 Callender, Elizabeth 153 Mary. 153 " Robert 153 Callister, Henry 49 Carter, Elizabeth 175 Chappellie, M 99 Chapman, Capt 105 ' ' Nathaniel, M. D 105 Chaumont, de Ray M 39 ' ' de Coutulx, Stephen Louis 41 Clark, Dr. John 16 Clinton, George 155 Claggett, (Bishop) 156 Clarkson, Margret Rhuteford.. 28 Clonet, Miss 41 Cochran, Dr. John iii " James iii " Walter L iii 224 C— Continued. page. Coleman, Edward 156 " James i " Robert 156-157 Copeley, (Artist) 40 Cornwallis, Lord 159 Couteulx, La Anthony 41 Coins, (Rarest) 150 Coombe, Rev. John R 123 " Sarah 123 " Rev. Thomas 122-123 Corcoran, W. W 93-94 Cuthbert, Rev. Dr 10 Cunliff, Foster, Esq 48 Curzen, Ashton, M. P 127 D Dickinson, Col. John 68 Dorsey, Col 21 Dunlap, Thomas 112 E Edwards, Morgan 9 Evans, Peter, Esq 136 Erskin, John Cadwalader 136 " David 136 " Frances 136 " Thomas 136 F Farley, Major James Parke 17S Farmer, John 10 " Sarah 10 Fennel, James, (Actor) 157 Fisher, Eliza 154 " Samuel 154 Fleeson , Judge Plunket 15 Mr 15 Franks, S. David 36 Franklin, Benjamin 40-128 " William, Gov 128 French, Philip 32 " Susannah 32 Pry, William 15 Francois, (Marquis) 30 Francis, Tench 34 Fuller, Dr. Richard 10 G Girard 30 PAGE. Girard, Stephen 109 Gooch, Wm 183 Goodhue, Lawrence 24 Grabb, Peter 156 Guild, Dr 9 Grizell, Mrs 127 H Harrison, Richard 37-38 Harper, R. G 137 Hamilton, Gov 128 Heap, Mrs. Consul General 93 Hill, Sir Roland 159 Holmes, Obediah 16 Holcombe, Henry, D. D 9 Holder, Thomas 57 Holker,John , 31 Hook, Marcus 18 Howard, John Edgar, Gov 44 Hussey, Rebecca 128 " Stephen 128 " Sarah 128 I Ide, Rev. Dr 10 Ingles, (Bishop),Charles..22-i24-i25 Izard, Gen. George 175 J Jay, John 31 " Mrs. John 31 " Peter Augustus 26-28 Jackson, President 109 Johnson, Sir William 128 Jones, Horatio Gates 56 " Hugh 185 " Robert S 13 K Kane, Col. John 38 " Hon. John K 109 " Sallie 38 Kay, Rev 181 Kelly, Rev. Erasmus 16 Kemp, James 156 Kemeys, Mrs. Katharine S iii Kinnersley, Mr 11 225 L PAGE. Latimer, George 159 La Fayette, Marquis 38 " Madam 38 Le Roy, Admiral 157 Levering, Abraham 12 ¦' Mrs 12 Lewis, Rebecca 128 Livingston, Catharine 28-37-42 " John 28 " Henry B 31 " William, Gov 31 " Mrs 32 " Margaretta S 176 " Margaret B., Mrs., 176 Lindsay, Sir John 135 Lloyd, Thomas 30-102 " Sarah 30-102 Loring, Capt. Joshua 70 Luzeme, La de Chevalier 29-30 " Ann Caesar 29 M Madison, President 158 Matlack, Timothy 173 " Family 173 Marshall, Chief Justice 33 " Mrs 33 " Hon. James M 33 Mease, James M. D 89 Mead, (Bishop) 183 Meredith, Elizabeth 153 " Francis 136 " John 136 " William 153 " Hon. William M 154 " Sir William 127 Meigs, D. Charles, M. D 108 Miles, General 14 Middleton, Judge Hugh 22 Monroe, President 158 Moore, Daniel 136 " John 136 " William, Esq 30-102 " Elizabeth 30-102 Monk, General 40 Morris, Andrew 49 " Govemeur 153 PAGE. Morris, Hetty 33 " Maudlin 49 " Maria 28 " Robert Hunter 128 " Robert, Jr 37 Robert, Sr., (Will) 49 " Thomas 37-38 N Nixon, Col. John 28-37-42 " Henry 28-37-42 " Maria 28-42 Oaffer, Joane 57 Ogdon, Mr 25 " Miss 153 Old, Edward 157 " Robert 157 Onderdonk, (Bishop) 156 Payne, John Howard 93 Patterson, General 109 Penn, William 89 Pintard, Lewis 68 " Susannah 68 Powell, Elizabeth 42 " Samuel 42 " Mrs 42 Polignac, Count de Jules 39 " Madam 11 Pratt, Henry 154 " Mathew 154 Raleigh, Sir Walter 105 Read, Geo 23-25 " British Counsel 99 Reeks, Stephen 193 Ridgley, Abraham 22 " Benjamin 22 " Charles 20-22 " Elizabeth 20-22 Family 53 " Dr. Charles 20 " John 22-24-25 " Mary 11-22 226 R— Continued. page. Ridgley, Nicholas 20-22 " Nicholas, Jr 22 Rachel 22-23 Ridley, Mathew 28-37-42 Riley, Hon. Richard 18-23 Rittenhouse, David loi Roberdeau, Col. Daniel 68 Rogers, William, D. D 9 Ross, John 175 Rutter, Sarah 122 s Schuyler, Gertrude m " Peter m " Major Gen. Philip... iii Scott, Rev. Mr 183 Seaton, Miss 24-25 " James 24-25 Shippen, Chief Justice Edward, 34 " Margaret 34 " Miss Beggy 34 " Thomas Lee 175 " Dr. Wm 175 Sheep (Merino) 41 Shoemaker, Ann 37 " Benjamin 37 Slaughter, Rev. William, D. D., 9 Smith, W. Cornelia iii " Jonathan B 154 " Judge Peter iii " Hon. Peter Sken iii " Hon. Gerrit in " Dr. William 123-127 " SteigeUBarron) 157 Stump, Miss 157 T Thomas, Gov 128 Tilghman, Edward 48-109 Tindall, Thomas 193 ¦ Tousard, Gen 41 Travis, Ann 136 " John, Esq 136 Trent, Capt. William 128 Trecothick, Barlow, Esq 127 PAGE. Trecothick, James 127 Trumbull (Artist) 40 Turner, Admiral Thomas 114 Tucker, Hon 24 Taylor, Consul 99 U Ustick, Rev. Dr 9 V Vining, Benjamin 20-24-25 " Charles 25 " Henry W 25 " John, Chief Justice 22-23-24 " John 23 " Hon. John 25 " Mary 24-25 " Phoebe 23 " Seaton 25 " William 20 vicaris. Rev. Mr 183 W Walsh, Robert, LL. D 136 Walter, Ellen, Mrs in Washington, Gen. Geo 40-68 Wellington, General 159 White, Armes after 70 " Bishop 40-123 " Mary 26 Wharton, Hannah 128 " Joseph 128 " Samuel 128 Whitaker, Rev. Mr 177 Williams, Gen. Jonathan, Jr... 104 " Jonathan, Sr 104 (Crest) after 70 Winchester, Rev. Dr 9 Willing, Ann 32-42 " Elizabeth 42 " Morris 175 " Thomas 32-33-42 Wynkop, Abraham 22 " Mary 22^ " Phoebe iJ^ 227 '-\/ YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 02473 2043 » > I fobt